PMID- 7260324 TI - Aspects of specific DNA-protein interaction; local bending of DNA molecules by in register binding of the oligopeptide antibiotic distamycin. AB - Distamycin A binds strongly/moderately to DNA below/above r = 0.08 molecules bound per DNA phosphate. Titration viscometric measurements for high and low molecular weight DNA yielded the relative changes of DNA persistence length, delta alpha/alpha 0, and contour length, delta L/L0 (Nucl. Acids Res. 7 (1979) 1375). delta L/L0 is negligible/positive in the range below/above r = 0.09 at 0.2 M Na+! A two-line covering of the small groove by ligand molecules explains the increase of contour length. The characteristic delta alpha/alpha 0 drop is quantitatively interpreted by local DNA bending (kinking). The underlying theoretical basis is presented in two appendices and applied, in a third one, to literature data for the DNA-actinomycin system. The angle gamma of local DNA bending as induced by complex formation with different distamycin derivatives is presented for DNA species of different base composition. By means of appropriate model, a length mismatch per dinucleotide of (0.03(2) +/- 0.01)nm [or (0.04(3) +/ 0.01)nm] was derived from the experimentally obtained bending angle per dinucleotide of (1.6 +/- 0.4)0 [or (2.1 +/- 0.05)0], independent of DNA base composition and distamycin chain length. PMID- 7260325 TI - Rheology of fibrin clots. V. Shear modulus, creep, and creep recovery of fine unligated clots. PMID- 7260326 TI - Modification of shear modulus and creep compliance of fibrin clots by fibronectin. AB - Shear moduli and creep compliances have been measured for four types of clots of human fibrin (about 7 mg/ml) clotted with and without human plasma fibronectin (usually 1.2 mg/ml). Fine clots (with little lateral aggregation of the fibrin protofibrils) were found at pH 8.5, ionic strength 0.45; coarse clots (with substantial lateral aggregation) were formed at pH 7.5, ionic strength 0.15; in both cases with and without ligation by fibrinoligase. In fine clots, the addition of fibronectin without ligation scarcely affected the shear modulus; with ligation, the modulus was decreased by a factor of 0.48. In coarse clots, the shear modulus was increased by addition of fibronectin. The increase was by a factor of 2.0 without ligation and by a factor of 2.4 with ligation. Creep and creep recovery in clots formed with and without fibronectin were similar except for the scale factor represented by the change in modulus. PMID- 7260327 TI - Dynamics of proton transfer and enzymatic activity. AB - The rate-determining elementary reaction step, i.e. proton transfer from the chymotrypsin active centre to the scissile substrate bond had been studied in the present work. On the basis of our theoretical results a hypothesis was formulated to explain chymotrypsin enzymatic efficiency. After ES complex formation excited vibrational states are populated in the enzyme molecule. In the rate-determining elementary reaction step, the proton transfer takes place from the first excited vibrational state of the N-H bond in the imidazole group of His57. This proton transfer is realised by quantum mechanical tunneling mechanism. PMID- 7260328 TI - Dynamic kerr effect measurements on photoreceptor disk membrane vesicles. AB - Dynamic Kerr effect measurements were performed with dilute aqueous suspensions of monodisperse spherical vesicles (approximately 1 micron diameter), isolated from the rod outer segment of bovine retina. A large birefringence, amounting to the specific Kerr constant of 10(-3) esu, can be observed. When a sufficiently long duration pulse (1 s) is applied, the decay of birefringence can be represented by a single exponential profile, yielding a relaxation time of 100 +/ 20 ms in 1 mM imidazole buffer. This is consistent with the rotatory relaxation time of these spherical membrane vesicles. When a short duration is applied, the birefringence increases more steeply and the decay profile contains several components. The slowest (terminal) relaxation time is 86 +/- 15 ms is due to the same process as the one observed in the slow pulse case. PMID- 7260329 TI - Fluorescence anisotropy decay of ethidium bound to chromatin. AB - The fluorescence anisotropy decays of the chromatin ethidium complexes have been measured in solutions in which the dye was bound to the high affinity sites of the nucleosome DNA. Energy transfers between chromatin-bound ethidium molecules cause an increase of naked DNA-ethidium complexes. This result implies that the high affinity sites are clustered on a short nucleosomal DNA segment. Quantitative analysis of the experimental data by computer simulations of the energy transfer process, shows that these sites are gathered on a single nucleosomal DNA segment, 28 base pairs long. Such a segment probably belongs to the nucleosomal "linker", contributing about half of it. PMID- 7260330 TI - Location of the ethidium binding sites of high affinity in chromatin. AB - The influence of H1 and H5 histones proteins upon the accessibility of ethidium bromide into chromatin is studied by steady-state fluorescence anisotropy in the range of r-values ([Dye]/[Phosphate]) smaller than 0.01. This corresponds to the very strong binding process. When H1 and H5 are present, the DNA segment which contains the binding sites is 25-30 base pairs long, even if H1 and H5 are digested by trypsin or by natural proteolysis, but presumably still interacting with the DNA chromatin. On the contrary, when H1 or H5 are separated from chromatin by an increase of the ionic strength, ethidium binds to a segment of DNA about 55-60 base pairs long. We may explain the results by assuming that the ethidium sites are located on a continuous segment constituting about one half of the linker, the other half interacting with H1 and H5. When chromatin is depleted from these proteins, the high affinity sites are distributed all along the linker. PMID- 7260331 TI - Applicability of the potentiometric titration method to the analysis of the expansion process of bovine plasma albumin in acidic solutions. AB - To study the expansion process of bovine plasma albumin in acidic solutions, observed potentiometric titration curves at three different ionic strengths were compared with theoretical curves, using the radii of the protein determined by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). From the comparison, it was concluded that the expansion is completed via two different transitions and that the conformation of the protein before the first transition is stable and common at all ionic strengths, whereas the form of the protein becomes a more swollen and unstable one after the first transition. Moreover, the charge-independent part of the standard free energy change, delta G0, in the first transition was estimated from the potentiometric titration curves. The numerical value of delta G0 is 2350 +/- 50 cal/mol, which is very small compared with the corresponding one for ordinary biopolymers. PMID- 7260332 TI - Calorimetric and spectroscopic investigation of the helix-to-coil transition of the self-complementary deoxyribonucleotide ATGCAT. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry and temperature-dependent uv spectroscopy are used to thermodynamically characterize the double-strand to single-strand transition of the self-complementary deoxyribo-oligonucleotide ATGCAT. The calorimetric experiments provide a value of 33.6 kcal (mol of double strand)-1 for the transition between 10 and 90 degree C. In conjunction with available temperature-dependent nmr data (which reveals terminal base pair fraying), we attempt to define specifically those interactions to which the calorimetrically measured enthalpy change refers. Values of delta HV.H. (van 't Hoff enthalpy change) are derived from the spectroscopic and calorimetric data and compared with the delta H obtained directly from the calorimetric experiment. This comparison reveals that the part of the thermally-induced transition that occurs between 10 and 90 degree C is well represented by a two-state process. It is noted that is assessing the applicability of the two-state model it is best to compare the delta with delta HV.H. Hcal. obtained from the calorimetric rather than the spectroscopic data. PMID- 7260333 TI - Kinetics of carbon monoxide and oxygen binding to hemoglobin in human red blood cell suspensions studied by laser flash photolysis. AB - The reaction kinetics of the binding of CO and O2 to hemoglobin (Hb) in human red blood cell (RBC) suspensions have been examined using a 300 ns dye laser to photodissociate HbCO or HbO2. Fast (halftime approximately or equal to 10 microsecond) and slow (approximately or equal to 5 ms) processes were seen after photolysis. The results indicate that neither the rate constants nor the activation energies for the binding of CO to the fast reacting form of Hb in the RBC are significantly different from that measured in solution in spite of the different environments. Rate constants determined for O2 binding in RBC were intermediate between rates observed for reaction with fast ans slow reacting forms of Hb and probably consist of contributions from each. The slow recombination of CO and O2 probably has contributions both from reaction with slow reacting forms of Hb and from ligand that had diffused away from the RBC after photolysis. PMID- 7260334 TI - Thermodynamics of alpha-lactalbumin unfolding. AB - Thermodynamic investigations of alpha-lactalbumin have been performed by isothermal calorimetric guanidine hydrochloride titrations as well as by scanning calorimetric measurements in the presence and absence of guanidine hydrochloride. Compared with lysozyme, alpha-lactalbumin is less stable, and its changes of enthalpy and heat capacity at unfolding are lower. Thermal unfolding of alpha lactalbumin can be described to the first approximation by the two-state transition model even in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride. PMID- 7260335 TI - Properties of P-form DNA as revealed by circular dichroism. PMID- 7260336 TI - Rates of structural fluctuations of lysozyme in the range of thermal unfolding transition. PMID- 7260337 TI - Conformational analysis of double-stranded B-type DNA structures. PMID- 7260338 TI - Detection of urinary primary amines through negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry of fluorescamine derivatives. AB - We report the successful detection of urinary biogenic amines by a procedure which involves isolation of the amines on CG-50 cation exchange resin, derivatization of the amines with fluorescamine while on the resin, followed by direct probe negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry screening of the resin extract. This isolation procedure allowed the detection of tyramine, octopamine, normetanephrine, 3-methoxytyramine and a variety of aliphatic amines. Norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin were chemically reactive under these conditions and were not detectable at physiological concentrations. PMID- 7260339 TI - A gas chromatographic and mass spectral approach to the analysis of the anticancer drug methyl-G as the trimethylsilyl derivative. AB - Methyl-G was analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry after trimethylsilylation. A means of quantitatively measuring methyl-G by gas chromatography of the TMS derivative is presented using the analogous derivative of methylethyl-G as an internal standard. The value of this compound as an internal standard for measurements of methyl-G is discussed based on comparisons of the mass spectral and gas chromatographic properties of their derivatives as well as their similar behavior in the ion exchange method used for partial purification. The latter procedure is discussed in some detail, and the results of applying it to biological samples of human and cell culture origin are presented. PMID- 7260340 TI - Anion mass spectrometry of barbiturates. AB - Recent trends towards increasing abuse of the barbiturates has led to a proposal to legally restrict some of them. The implementation of the resulting legislation might require specific identification of the barbiturates. Such identification is not readily available from electron impact mass spectra and, even when these are supplemented with chemical ionization data, barbiturates differing only in isomeric sidechains are not completely characterized. In this study the anion mass spectra of 30 barbiturates, including all of those commonly available, are presented. The spectra are simple; ions arising from hydrogen atom and sidechain elimination from the initially formed [M]- ion are diagnostic of the barbiturate. For all but two of the barbiturates (butalbital and idobutal) relative peak intensities will discriminate between barbiturates differing only in isomeric sidechains. PMID- 7260341 TI - Comparative electron impact, chemical ionization and field desorption mass spectra of some thioether metabolites of acetaminophen. AB - The mass spectra of several thioether conjugates of the widely used analgesic, acetaminophen (4'-hydroxyacetanilide), have been recorded under various ionization conditions. Conjugates were obtained from both in vitro and in vivo sources and purified by high performance liquid chromatography. Some standards were chemically synthesized. Of the thioethers examined, only the methylthio and mercapturic acid conjugates provided parent ions under electron impact conditions. In the chemical ionization mode, using isobutane as the reagent gas, the cysteinyl conjugate gave a pseudomolecular ion as well, although relatively large quantities (10-20 micrograms) of this amino acid adduct were required. Because of the highly polar nature and thermal instability of the cysteinyl and glutathionyl conjugates, these two thioethers were most successfully analyzed by field desorption techniques. Field desorption mass spectrometry was well suited for direct analysis of these two adducts where prominent [M]+, [MH]+ or [M + Na]+ ions were observed. Furthermore, by application of the field desorption/collision induced dissociation and linked (B/E) scan technique, structurally informative fragmentation patterns were generated. In addition, field desorption mass spectrometry was used successfully to characterize the glucuronide conjugate of acetaminophen but not the sulfate conjugate. PMID- 7260342 TI - Simultaneous measurement of plasma 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylene glycol and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. AB - A sensitive gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay has been developed to measure plasma 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylene glycol and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol. Following addition of deuterated internal standards, the metabolites are propionylated to facilitate extraction with dichloromethane. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue is derivatized with t-butyldimethylsilylimidazole. The reaction product is washed with water, evaporated to dryness, and reconstituted with hexane for gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The single major fragment ion from each of the derivatized metabolites is monitored, yielding a sensitivity of approximately 3-5 pmol ml-1. Improved precision for the 3,4-dihydroxphenylethylene glycol assay may be facilitated by synthesis of a more stable internal standard. PMID- 7260343 TI - Metabolism of metyrapone. 2-Chromatographic and mass spectral properties of the N oxides of metyrapone and metyrapol. AB - Electron impact mass spectral studies on the mono- and di-N-oxides of metyrapone and metyrapol revealed that the technique readily differentiates between the mono N-oxides of metyrapol, but not of metyrapone. The unequivocal mass spectral differentiation between the isomeric N-oxide metabolites of metyrapone was achieved by the selective and rapid reduction of the keto group in these compounds, with sodium borohydride, to yield the corresponding metyrapol-N oxides. Chromatographic methods (thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography) have been developed for the separation and identification of potential in vitro metabolites of metyrapone. Incubation of metyrapone, under oxidative conditions, with rat or mouse hepatic microsomal preparations, afforded metyrapol (keto reduction) and the isomeric mono-N-oxides of metyrapone. Similar incubation with the hepatic soluble fraction yielded, in addition to metyrapol, an alpha-pyridone metabolite. PMID- 7260344 TI - Rheological behaviour of synovial fluids. PMID- 7260345 TI - Blood flow in capillary tubes: curvature and gravity effects. PMID- 7260346 TI - Maxwell fluid behavior of blood at low shear rate. PMID- 7260347 TI - Low shear rate blood viscosity in diabetes. PMID- 7260348 TI - Relaxation behavior of sputum studied using the raised cosine pulse method. PMID- 7260349 TI - Theoretical analysis of pulsatile blood flow in small vessels. PMID- 7260350 TI - Flow of blood in transfusion systems. PMID- 7260351 TI - Mathematical analysis of the hysteresis rheogram of human blood. PMID- 7260352 TI - [Role of neuronal and neuropile serotonin in the visual analyzer]. AB - The serotonin content was estimated in bulk-separated neuronal and neuropil fractions of visual and motor brain cortex in normal, dark-reared and light exposured rats. In normal rats, the serotonin content in neuropil in visual and motor cortex was equal to 182.66 +/- 21.19 and 164.10 +/- 27.70 ng/mg protein, respectively, and exceeded its content in neuronal fractions 2.7-fold (for visual cortex) and 2.2-fold (for motor cortex). Under dark-rearing the serotonin content in neuropil of visual and motor cortex decreased by 46.7 and 51.6%, respectively, as compared with normal. Light exposure of dark-reared rats for 3 hours produced a sharp increase in the serotonin content only in neuropil of visual cortex (2.7 fold higher in comparison with dark-reared rats). There were no significant changes in the serotonin content in neurons of both cortical regions under the experimental conditions used as compared with normal. The results are discussed from the point of view of functional heterogeneity of serotonin metabolism in neurons and neuropil. PMID- 7260353 TI - [Effect of training on the dynamics of the antigenic spectrum of rat brains]. AB - Study of the time course of the content of 3 brain proteins in 6 different structures of the central nervous system 1 and 7 days after the conditioned reflex development has shown that both specific and nonspecific proteins of nervous tissue may participate in the processes that accompany the formation of the memory trace. The visual cortex appeared to be the most active in these processes, which may be accounted for by the use in this model of light as conditioned stimulus. PMID- 7260354 TI - [Is the presynaptic action of carbocholine related to the activation of the postsynaptic membrane?]. AB - Experiments were carried out to elucidate whether carbacholine (CCh) exerts a direct effect on motor nerve endings. With this purpose in view the frog sartorius muscle was used to correlate changes in the quantum content of end plate potentials (EPP) with the carbacholine-induced depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. It was disclosed in the first series of experiments on neuromuscular preparations blocked by the decreased Ca2+ concentration in Ringer solution that CCh lowers EPP at a concentration which produces no depolarizing action on the postsynaptic membrane (5 x 10(-7) mol/l). In the second series of experiments on preparations blocked by transversal dissection of muscle fibers, CCh (5 x 10-6) mol/l) also diminished EEP without affecting the membrane potential of the muscle fibers. In the third series of experiments, the presynaptic effect of the third series of experiments, the presynaptic effect of CCh (5 x 10(-6) mol/l) was reversed by tubocurarine (1 X 10(-7) mol/l), with the postsynaptic action of the mimetic remaining unchanged. The data obtained indicate that the decrease in EPP induced by CCh (5 x 10(-7)--5 x 10(-6) mol/l) does not arise from the depolarization of the end plate. PMID- 7260355 TI - [Cerebral chemical factors in the formation of stable reorganization in the central nervous system]. AB - A model of spinal postural asymmetry produced by unilateral motor cortex destruction was developed. The spinal fixation time of postural asymmetry of cortical origin was determined. CSF way of spreading the factors that induce spinal asymmetry was demonstrated. The factor of spinal asymmetry was shown to be species-nonspecific. PMID- 7260356 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on local tissue blood flow to a small intestine transplant intended for esophagoplasty]. AB - The time course of the local tissue blood flow in the small intestinal graft used for esophagoplasty was studied in 54 acute experiments on rabbits exposed to hyperbaric oxygenation (1 hour, 2 ata). It has been shown that hyperbaric oxygenation prevents alterations in the local tissue blood flow in the small intestine. This fact provides evidence in favour of hyperbaric oxygenation application under clinical conditions. PMID- 7260357 TI - [Antidiuretic activity of blood and certain approaches to the pharmacologic correction of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system in burn injuries]. AB - The time-course of changes in the antidiuretic activity of plasma in response to burn injury has been assayed in intact rabbits and in those with an altered body reactivity induced by a preliminary injury to the anterior and posterior hypothalamus. It was demonstrated that in control animals and in rabbits with an injury to the anterior hypothalamus, the burn led to a phasic activation of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. In animals with an injury to the posterior hypothalamus, the burn, in contrast, inhibited the activation of the system, while the phasic pattern of the responses remained unchanged. The experiments on rats have shown that the decreased activity of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system induced by the pharmacological blockade of the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus raised the body resistance in burn injury. PMID- 7260358 TI - [Effect of low temperature on monoamine oxidase and substrate specificity in the mitochondrial fraction of rat brain]. AB - Maintenance of animals for three days at 2 degrees C produces changes in the substrate specificity of type I monoamine oxidase (MAO). These changes manifest in serotonin and noradrenaline deamination and in a several-times increase in deamination of glucosamine, putrescine and gamma-aminobutyric acid. The cold induced increase in AMP deamination is not related to MAE. The activity of type B MAO does not change on cold stress. PMID- 7260359 TI - [Pathways of cortisol inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in rat liver]. PMID- 7260360 TI - [Lipid peroxidation response in the liver and lungs of rats during prolonged cold adaptation]. AB - Prolonged cold adaptation in rats (+4-6 degrees C) is associated with phasic changes in lipid peroxidation. On the 7th day the quantity of liquid peroxidation products in the liver and lungs and the ability of liver lipids to take part in the ascorbate-dependent peroxidation were increased. Meanwhile the antioxidant activity of lipids was decreased. On the 30th and 49th days there was no difference in the data obtained. This evidenced the formation of adaptation which was characterized by an essential rise in the antioxidant activity of liver lipids, by their decreased ability to get oxidized in the presence of ascorbate and iron, by a reduced amount in the liver and lungs of the peroxidation products (control levels). Activation of lipid peroxidation is considered as a necessary prerequisite for the formation of the specialized adaptation mechanisms. PMID- 7260361 TI - [Tetragastrin activation of rat gastric mucosa adenyl cyclase in vitro]. AB - The effect of tetragastrin and histamine on the adenylate cyclase activity of the rat gastric mucosa was examined in vitro. Tetragastrin and histamine were demonstrated to stimulate the activity of the enzyme in question. The antagonist of histamine H2-receptors, cimetidine inhibits the stimulatory effect of histamine in vitro and activates tetragastrin stimulation of the adenylate cyclase activity. It is suggested that tetragastrin and histamine activate adenylate cyclase of the rat gastric mucosa via different receptors. PMID- 7260362 TI - [Comparative study of the IR-spectra of glycosaminoglycans and their monomers]. AB - The infrared spectra of hyaluronic acid (HA), protein chondroitin keratan sulfate (PCKS), aggregates of proteoglycans (AP), glucuronic acid and its potassium salt, glucosamine, galactosamine (both as hydrochlorides), N-acetyl-glucosamine, N acetyl-galactosamine, ammonium salt of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid were obtained in the region 200--4000 cm-1. It was shown that comparative analysis of the spectra of the monomers and their mixtures with those of HA, PCKS and AP makes it possible to identify more precisely a greater number of absorption bands as compared to that identifiable on examining but the spectra of these biopolymers. The interpretation of the results obtained is presented. PMID- 7260363 TI - [Cerebral and hepatic arginase and polyamines in the mechanisms of the protective effect of arginine in hyperoxia]. AB - The effect of protective concentrations of arginine on the arginase activity and the content of rat brain and liver spermidine and spermine was studied under hyperoxia (6 atmospheres). Intraperitoneal injection of arginine to intact animals increases the arginase activity and the brain content of spermidine and spermine by 15, 19 and 25%, respectively. The liver arginase activity rises by 55%, while the level of the polyamines remains almost unchanged. Arginine injection before hyperoxic exposure prevents the significant lowering of the arginase activity and polyamine content seen in the unprotected animals. The relationship between the arginase activity and the polyamine level in the brain and liver is discussed with emphasis on arginine efficacy as protective agent in hyperoxia. PMID- 7260364 TI - [Changes in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities during the process of intensification of lipid peroxidation in hepatic ischemia]. AB - A study was made of changes in the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, in the level of the antioxidant activity and lipid peroxides during development of liver ischemia. It was shown that the intensification of peroxidation in ischemia is determined by the impairment of the systems maintaining the constant low level of peroxide reactions in an intact cells. The level of antioxidants, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase drastically falls in liver ischemia. PMID- 7260365 TI - [Computer classification of the fusion profiles of human lymphocyte interphase chromatin]. AB - AO fluorescent microscopy coupled with thermal denaturation of DNP cells as modified by the authors was used to study the structure of lymphocyte interphase chromatin from 164 normal persons. Analysis of the data processed by means of a Sperry Univac Computer 90/30 has demonstrated that in 40% of the cases, the melting profiles of DNP cells from normal persons represent, irrespective of the sex, a complicated but consistently repeated curve with 6 peaks at certain temperatures, i.e. that different test subjects have a pronounced "similarity" in the characteristics discussed. In the remaining cases, there have been recorded diverse but consistent deviations that correlated with the sex of the test subjects. No peak at a temperature of 85 degrees and its appearance at 82 degrees C were the most frequent deviations seen in the male group. There have been obtained altogether 5 subgroups for females and 7 subgroups for males. Thus an attempt has been made to classify for the first time the melting profiles of DNP cells from normal persons with the use of computer. PMID- 7260366 TI - [Myelinotoxic activity of sera from animals with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in organotypic cultures of the rat cerebellum at different stages of differentiation]. AB - Radiometry was used to assay myelinization and demyelinization in organotypic long-surviving cultures of the cerebellum from newborn rats. It was shown that serum from guinea-pigs with allergic encephalomyelitis suppresses by 45% the incorporation of labeled cholesterol into nerve tissue cells in the early periods of cultivation (within 10 days), i.e. before myelinization commencement. It also suppresses thymidine and cholesterol incorporation in the later periods of cultivation, i.e. in the last stages of differentiation, this suppression being increased twofold in the myelinized cultures of the nerve tissue. The effect of humoral factors of the sera from sick animals on the neuroglial cells in the course of nerve tissue differentiation in vitro is discussed. PMID- 7260367 TI - [Combined effect of UHF-hyperthermia and x-irradiation on the growth of sarcoma 45]. AB - Repeated local exposure (6 sessions) of rat sarcoma 45 to ultrahigh-frequency hyperthermia (41.5--42.5 degrees C in the tumor for 30 minutes per session) and x ray radiation (a single dose of 8 Gy) irrespective of the succession of their application enables complete resolution of the tumor to be attained at the logarithmic stage of its growth. PMID- 7260368 TI - [Effect of x-irradiation on cell nucleus size and DNA content in the regenerating rat liver]. AB - Cytophotometry was used to study changes in the nuclear DNA content and size of the nuclei in the regenerating liver of rats exposed to 154.8 mC/kg (600 R) or x irradiation 10--30 minutes before partial hepatectomy. The irradiated and non irradiated animals were examined 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48 and 60 hours and 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after partial hepatectomy. It has been discovered that during 30 hours after partial hepatectomy the increase in the nuclear DNA content was prevented by irradiation. As compared with the non-irradiated animals, the increase in the DNA content in the nucleus was 12--18 hours late and occurred in a less number of the cells. Enlargement of the nucleus size in the irradiated animals, mainly on the 48th hour after partial hepatectomy, was not accompanied by the respective increment of the DNA content. PMID- 7260369 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the kidney following a burn]. AB - The experimental data indicate that in the toxemic period of burn disease primarily affected is the filtering barrier, chiefly podocytes and the basal membrane. Proteinuria that frequently occurs in severe thermal injuries is first of all accounted for by alterations in the glomerular filter membrane. Moreover, proteinuria is aggravated to a certain measure by resorption deficiency of the canaliculi. Morphologically this deficiency appears as hyaline-drop or vacuolar degeneration. PMID- 7260370 TI - [Synaptogenesis in the anterior horns of the spinal cord of human embryos]. AB - Synaptogenesis in the anterior horns of the brachial spinal cord in 6-week-old human embryos (CR : 13) was studied by electron microscopy. Asymmetrical and symmetrical contacts on the soma of differentiating neurons and on the leading processes were found in the ventrolateral area of the anterior horns of the test embryos. A hypothesis is suggested about the role of these early synapses in neuronal differentiation in the embryonal nervous system. PMID- 7260371 TI - [Ultrastructure of the wall of the femoral artery in rats with chronic regional arterial hypotension]. AB - In experiments on rats a lowering of the arterial pressure in the vessels of the body posterior was attained by occlusion of the aorta distally to the ostia of renal arteries. Twelve days after the operation there occurred a significant thinning out of the muscle layer and intermuscular septa in the wall of the femoral artery. Also, there was a disappearance of extracellular matrix vesicles usually seen in great numbers in tunica media of the artery. The animals with arterial hypotension of one- and three-month standing manifested a negligible number of extracellular vesicles; the thickness of the muscle layers and intermuscular septa increased but remained far less than normal. PMID- 7260372 TI - [Determination of liposome parameters by the turbidity spectrum method]. PMID- 7260373 TI - [Determination of the probability of thrombocyte aggregation for evaluation of their functional state]. AB - Basing on an analysis of the initial area of the aggregatogram a method has been suggested for determining the probability of platelet aggregation on collision. Calculation was performed in terms of a kinetic equation of coagulation according to the Smolukhovsky's approximation method and in terms of own experimental data. Good agreement of a theoretical depiction with experimental facts indicates the efficacy of the approach suggested to the appraisal of the probability of platelet aggregation, enabling the comparison of the results obtained with different plasma specimens. In contradistinction to a routine analysis of the aggregatograms (determination of the aggregation amplitude, and the time from the onset of the maximum aggregation), the probability of aggregation is determined only from platelet function. PMID- 7260374 TI - [Study of the mechanism of auditory adaptation by simultaneous recording of cortical auditory evoked potentials and cochlear microphonic potentials]. AB - Auditory adaptation, apart from the effect of the neurotropic drugs, galanthamine, GABA and nanophyn on this adaptation, was examined in 35 rabbits exposed to white noise (90 dB, re 2.10(-5) Pa, 10 min) by concurrent recording of evoked potentials of the brain and microphonic potentials of the cochlea. The results suggest that the mechanism of auditory adaptation is determined by the processes that occur in the synapses of the auditory system central parts and is monitored by the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 7260375 TI - [Mast cells and vascular permeability in experimental aseptic peritonitis in the rat]. AB - Mast cells and vascular permeability were examined in experimental aseptic peritonitis induced by intraperitoneal injection of starch into rats. It was established that derangement of vascular permeability in the inflammatory focus was consequent on degranulation of mast cells and release of inflammatory mediators. The model of the inflammation suggested enables the local focus to be created, with no mast cells seen for a long period of time (at least for 3 weeks). PMID- 7260376 TI - [Role of certain brain structures in the generation and spread of alpha-like activity in dogs peculiar to the early stages of the postresuscitation period]. AB - The role played by the amygdaloid nucleus, caudate nucleus, thalamus and brain cortex in propagation throughout the brain of generalized limbic alpha-like activity recorded on the EEG in the early postresuscitation period was studied in experiments on dogs resuscitated after a 13-15-minute circulatory arrest. Destruction or pharmacological inhibition of both amygdaloid nuclei resulted in disappearance of alpha-like activity from all the test structures. Coherent analysis showed that the caudate nucleus and thalamus, in particular, take an active part in propagation of alpha-like waves of biopotentials from the amygdaloid nucleus to other brain structures. PMID- 7260377 TI - [Kinetics of peripheral leukocyte count and leukocyte adhesion to pulmonary capillary endothelium in experimental vagal neuritis]. AB - It was disclosed in chronic experiments on rats with dextral vagus neuritis that reactive leucocytosis is wave-like in character. Variations in leucocytosis were inversely proportional to adhesiveness of the lung capillary endothelium with respect to leucocytes. The relationship between the number of circulatory leucocytes and adhesiveness of the capillary endothelium is not so pronounced in intact animals as compared to controls. PMID- 7260378 TI - [Reversible inhibition of thrombocyte physiology by tetracycline derivatives]. AB - Tetracycline and its derivatives (hydroxytetracycline and chlortetracycline) exert an inhibitory action, within a concentration range of 50-1000 microM on the basic functions of human platelets: aggregation, adhesion, retraction, hypotonic shock response, and release reaction. After resuspending and transfer of the inhibited platelets into plasma not containing tetracycline derivatives the functional activity of platelets partially or completely recovered. The evidence obtained suggests that the reversible inhibitory action of tetracycline results from its ability to easily penetrate the cell membranes and to bind intracellular calcium without substantial damage to the cells. PMID- 7260379 TI - [Effect of prostaglandins E2 and F2 on mast cell serotonin content in experimental pancreatitis]. AB - Rats with experimental pancreatitis manifest a lowering of the serotonin content in mast cells of the mesentery and connective tissue. Injection of prostaglandin E2 first causes a diminution and then an increase in the serotonin content of mast cells. Prostaglandin F2 alpha produces a lowering of the serotonin content of mast cells. PMID- 7260380 TI - [Evaluation of the protective effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in stress]. AB - Administration of GHBA during emotional stress reduces the stress syndrome that manifests in the lesser increase of the corticosterone content in blood plasma, while the noradrenaline level in the heart remains unchanged. GHBA prevents necrosis and contracture injuries of heart muscle cells during the stress. Quantitative evaluation of GHBA protective effect on the organism exposed to stress helped determine that the preliminary administration of GHBA reduces twofold the time necessary for the appearance of eosinophilia after eosinopenia. This indicates that GHBA a powerful antistress action. PMID- 7260381 TI - [Effect of recipient dog burns on the function of a second heart connected extracorporeally]. PMID- 7260382 TI - [Strength and mineral composition of human vertebrae during prolonged bed rest]. AB - Reduction of the strength of vertebrae not associated with osteoporosis has been revealed in patients who underwent strict bed rest for 20-40 days and died from sudden complications. The strength of vertebrae of humans who died in an accident was assumed as normal. A comprehensive analysis has shown that reduction of the strength was caused by alterations in the chemical composition of vertebral mineral substances, particularly by the diminution of the calcium content. PMID- 7260383 TI - [Incorporation of labeled 3H-leucine in the acidic protein of the brains of hibernating animals]. AB - 3H-leucine was injected intraperitoneally to hibernating and awakening sousliks and to those being conscious for one or two weeks. Water-soluble brain protein extracts were separated by disc electrophoresis to determine relative radioactivity of the most acidic fraction which, under similar conditions, corresponds to the nerve-specific protein S-100. It was shown that in the brain cortex and reticular formation, the incorporation of the acidic protein drastically increases on awakening and reaches the maximum value on the 7th day. The high level of 3H-leucine incorporation into the hippocampus of the hibernating animals does not substantially change during the egress from hibernation. This may be related to the fact that during hibernation the hippocampus retains electrical activity. PMID- 7260384 TI - [Histone competition for DNA and its possible role in the self-assembly of eu- and heterochromatin]. AB - Electrophoretic analysis of histones bound to DNA and remaining free in the mixtures of DNA with the total histone of chromatin in a medium of physiological ionic strength has shown that even the minimal weight excess of the total histone with reference to DNA (1.1:1) leads to the formation of nucleohistone impoverished in HI fraction because of histone competition for DNA. Within the histone/DNA ratio equal to 1.4, H3, H4, H2A and H2B are bound to DNA without competition, i.e. at a ratio in which they are added to DNA. Provided the histone/DNA ratio is higher in the mixture, there form nucleohistones enriched with H3 and H4 fractions. The role of histone competition for DNA in eu- and heterochromatin assembly is discussed. PMID- 7260385 TI - [Effect of low temperature exposure on the membrane permeability of erythrocytes reconstructed in media of different ionic strength]. AB - A study was made of the egress of hemoglobin, 14C-saccharose, Na+ and K+ from red blood cells reconstituted in media of varying ionic composition and exposed to rapid freezing and thawing. The reconstitution of red blood cells in a medium containing Na+ (150 mM) and Mg2+ (4 mM) favours their resistance to rapid freezing and thawing that is confirmed by the data on their permeability by hemoglobin, 14C-saccharose and cations. Red blood cells reconstituted in KCl (150 mM) combined with Mg2+ (4 mM) or Ca3+ (50 mcM) are cryolabile. The increased cryoresistance of the reconstituted red blood cells in the presence of Na+ is of nonspecific nature and mostly related to the effect on the inner surface of the plasmatic membrane. Impairment of the permeability of the reconstituted red blood cells correlates with the diminished cellular volume after freezing and thawing. PMID- 7260386 TI - [Kinetics of myocardial isometric relaxation in patients with congenital and acquired heart defects]. AB - The kinetics of isometric relaxation was examined in an isolated myocardium of patients undergoing surgical correction of mitral stenosis (MS), congenital septal heart defects (SHD) and on papillary muscles (PM) of patients suffering from mitral valvular insufficiency. The relaxation of MS preparations is slower than that of SHD that manifests in the decrease of the characteristic constants K and alpha. PM relaxation is slower than that of the rabbit ventricular muscle. Adrenaline and the increased stimulation rate accelerate the relaxation of the preparations of all groups (the greatest increase is seen in MS). Verapamil and paired stimulation slow down the constants. It is suggested that the action potential duration influences the relaxation constants in PM and MS preparations but not SHD. The constants in question seem likely to be independent of the myocardial inotropic state. PMID- 7260387 TI - [Cytoplasm to nucleus translocation patterns of different forms of hepatic estrogen receptors]. AB - Interaction between cell nuclei and the complexes of estradiol (E2) with uterine cytosol estrogen receptors (ER) or with different forms of female and male rat liver cytosol ER was studied and compared. The complexes of E2 with forms I and II of liver ER are capable to translocate to the cell nuclei similarly to E2 receptor complexes of the uterus. The complexes of E2 with an unusual male rat liver estrogen-binding protein do not bind to the nuclei. The processes of translocation of the complexes of E2 with form I of liver ER and uterine receptors have some features in common. In the conditions of low ionic strength media, the complexes of E2 with forms I and II of liver ER manifest differences in the kinetics and level of translocation into the cell nuclei. The differences disappearing with ionic strength increase. The differences disappearing with ionic strength increase. It is suggested that the different forms of liver ER participate in the realization of E2 multiple effects in the liver. PMID- 7260388 TI - [Effect of enkephalins on central processes regulating hemodynamics]. AB - Intracisternal administration of leu- or met-enkephalins in a dose of 100 micrograms into unanesthetized cats evoked a short-lasting elevation of arterial pressure and tachycardia. After 1.5-2 minutes the blood pressure returned to normal and bradycardia developed (heart rate = 86 +/- 3.4% of initial). Alterations in the arterial pressure and heart rate were prevented by naloxon in a dose of 50-100 micrograms administered into the 4th ventricle. Leu-enkephalin inhibited the sensitivity of the baroreceptor reflex and increased by 69% the pressor reactions evoked by hypothalamus stimulation. Met-enkephalin was half as potent with respect to the baroreceptor reflex and exerted no effect on the hemodynamic reactions evoked by hypothalamus stimulation. PMID- 7260389 TI - [Antinociceptive effect of serotonin]. AB - Chronic experiments on rats have shown that serotonin in a dose of 50-160 micrograms injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain raised the threshold of the vocalisating response of the animals to the stimulation of tail tissues by single electric impulses. Methisergide (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), a blocker of serotonin receptors, prevented the development of the antinociceptive effect of serotonin. Naloxon (2 mg/kg, s. c.), a morphine antagonist, did not affect the antinociceptive effect of serotonin. PMID- 7260390 TI - [Effect of nonachlazine on brain and myocardial noradrenaline content in normal rats and rats subjected to stress]. AB - Nonachlazin causes a rapid and significant increase in the noradrenaline content of the rat myocardium and brain stem. The noradrenaline level falls in these tissues under stress reaction induced by immobilization and electric pain stimulation. Nonachlazin pretreatment before stress reaction prevents the decrease of the myocardial noradrenaline level and the development of cardiac ischemic disturbances and arrhythmias (according to the ECG data). However, nonachlazin fails to diminish the noradrenaline level in the brain stem under these conditions. PMID- 7260391 TI - [Effect of gene dose on cytoplasmic glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase in embryonic mice with trisomy 19]. AB - Trisomy for autosome No. 19 in mouse embryos (days 12-14 of development) was accompanied by a 1.5-fold increase in specific activity of cytoplasmic glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase whose gene is known to be located in the 19th chromosome. Specific activity of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase remained unchanged under these circumstances, while activity of lactate dehydrogenase increased 1.1-fold. PMID- 7260392 TI - [Spontaneous chromosome rearrangements in different kinds of rhesus monkey cells]. AB - Spontaneous chromosome reconstructions were examined in bone marrow cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes and epithelial kidney cells from monkeys (Macaca mulatta). In normal monkeys, the chromosome reconstruction frequency was higher in epithelial kidney cells and lower in bone marrow cells. Peripheral blood lymphocytes occupied an intermediate position as regards the chromosome reconstruction frequency. The structural chromosome mutations were characterized mainly by single and twin fragments, with the former ones being predominant. The monkeys examined showed age-associated differences in the frequency of spontaneous chromosome reconstructions. PMID- 7260393 TI - [Course of myocardial mitoses in normal and injured young rats]. AB - The mitotic activity rises in the atria and auricles, in the left subepicardial zone and trabecular myocardium of both ventricles of young rats after injury to the left ventricle. This rise is consequent on the increased number of dividing cells. The mitoses proceed with no disorders typical for the control groups. The relative duration of the mitotic phases is the same as in the early postnatal ontogenesis. PMID- 7260394 TI - [Formation of foci of myeloid cells on colonies of thymus and bone marrow fibroblasts in monolayer cultures]. AB - A culture system favouring myeloid cell formation directly on the surface of mouse stromal fibroblast colonies has been developed. It has been shown that the plaques formed are both much more numerous and essentially larger on stromal fibroblast colonies of thymus than of bone marrow origin. Consequently, hemopoietic precursor cells that form the myeloid plaques in the monolayer cultures interact dissimilarly with stromal mechanocytes of different origin. PMID- 7260395 TI - [Embryotoxic effect of cyclophosphamide after being biotransformed in a culture of postimplantation rat embryos]. AB - Biotransformation of cyclophosphamide to teratogenous products in the presence of the rat hepatic microsomal fractions and NADP.H2 was carried out in the medium for cultivation of postimplantational rat embryos. Nontoxic concentrations of all components participating in the reaction and threshold concentrations of cyclophosphamide were defined. The results obtained were compared with the data of the drug action on the embryos of the same age developing in the maternal body. The developmental anomalies appeared to be similar in both cases. The method for detecting the teratogenous products of cyclophosphamide bioactivation in the culture has been demonstrated to be highly sensitive as compared with the standard biological tests. PMID- 7260396 TI - [Hepatocyte ultrastructure during accumulation and secretion of bile products]. AB - It has been established that the time course of alterations in the ultrastructure of chick embryo hepatocytes in the course of synthesis, accumulation and secretion of bile products involves 1) an increase in the hepatocytic cytoplasm of the number of small profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum with the particles resembling very low electronic density lipids; 2) an abrupt increase in the size of Golgi complex; accumulation of material of different electron density in the enlarged areas of Golgi cisterns; 3) bubbling out of small vesicles and large vacuoles containing material of different electron density from Golgi complex; localization of small vesicles, large vacuoles and mitochondria with translucent matrix about the bile canaliculus; 4) localization of Golgi complex somewhat farther from the bile canaliculus than before; 5) fusing of the membranes of the small vesicles with the bile canalicular membrane thereby producing secretion of bile products an; d clasmatosis of mitochondrial fragments; 6) enlargement of the bile canalicular lumen, accumulation of material of different electron density in the canaliculus. PMID- 7260397 TI - [Contact transducer for continuous measurement of blood vessel diameter]. AB - A device for continuous measurement of the external diameter of blood vessels in situ is described. It is based on a cantilever type design. The capacitance principle is used for measuring the displacement of the sensing plate. The sensing plate has the natural frequency of 25 Hz, stiffness about 2. 10(-4) N/mm and exercises the nominal load of the order of 2. 10(-4) N on the arterial wall. The small load eliminates the measurement errors and promotes a successful study of blood vessels over 0.4 mm in diameter within a wide range of transmural pressure. PMID- 7260398 TI - [Use of a "Microvideomat" television analyzer to evaluate the functional state of a population of rat duodenal enterochromaffin cells]. AB - Application of a "Microvideomat" television image analyzer for quantitative evaluation of the Masson-Gamperl reaction enabled one to disclose slight shifts in the enterochromaffin cell population function of the rat duodenum. These shifts indicate intensification of the synthetic processes and accumulation of the secretory product 3 hours after a single food stimulation. PMID- 7260399 TI - Automated differential leucocyte counting: present status and future trends. PMID- 7260400 TI - Growth and differentiation patterns of human acute non lymphoid leukemia in diffusion chambers before and after treatment. AB - Diffusion chambers (DC) were used to culture bone marrow of ANLL patients firstly at the onset, secondly in complete remission and thirdly in the relapse of the disease. At the onset of the disease an increase in cellular concentration mainly due to the granulocytic differentiation was observed in DC in all ANLL patients, in contrast to no growth in ANLL patients in complete remission and in relapse. The DC technique reveals a marked pathological pattern of proliferation in every phase of ANLL, at the presentation, in complete remission and in relapse. PMID- 7260401 TI - Restoration of hemopoiesis by CFU-S from different backgrounds in the mouse. AB - Liver from 14 day-old fetuses, bone marrow, spleen, and blood from normal adult mice, and bone marrow, spleen, blood, and liver from adult endotoxin (ET)-treated mice were used for isogeneic hemopoietic restoration in lethally whole-body irradiated mice. The number of CFU-S required to prevent 50% mortality of irradiated mice was about 3 for fetal liver, 7-10 for bone marrow, 20 for normal blood and for blood, liver, and spleen of ET-treated mice, and 80 for spleen of normal mice. CFU-S growth curves in femoral bone marrow and spleen showed some variations but the differences in survival of irradiated and protected mice could not easily be explained by differences in CFU-S growth curves. It can be concluded that the CFU-S from peripheral blood, although somewhat less effective than CFU-S from bone marrow, can be a valuable source of CFU-S for bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7260402 TI - Can whole blood be used instead of separated low density cells for examination of the mitogen response? AB - The response of whole blood and separated low density cells to 3 mitogenic lectins [Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Concanavalin (Con A)] was tested in 133 normal individual of all ages, including cord blood. The results obtained with the two methods correlated poorly (r = 0.16 for PHA; 0.47 for PWM and 0.42 for Con-A). Thus, the two methods measure different things and results are not comparable. PMID- 7260403 TI - Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase levels after induction of hypersegmented neutrophil release into blood of the rat. PMID- 7260404 TI - [Long-term cultures in polycythaemia vera as proof for dependence on erythropoietin (author's transl)]. AB - In eight patients suffering from polycythaemia vera, the proliferation of erythroid colonies in methylcellulose with and without exogenous erythropoietin was studied. After three and five weeks, respectively, no colonies grew. Due to addition of erythropoietin more erythroid colonies proliferated which could be cultivated over nine weeks. The experiments suggest that the erythropoiesis in polycythaemia vera depends on erythropoietin. PMID- 7260405 TI - Flexibility of erythrocytes in juvenile diabetes mellitus. AB - The rheological properties of erythrocytes of 47 diabetic children and adolescents were studied. Deformability of red cells of 32 patients under "poor" metabolic control was markedly decreased while the deformability of red cells of patients (15 individuals) under "good" control was normal. This diminished flexibility of erythrocytes of patients under "poor" control can be explained partly by an increased concentration of free fatty acids in plasma. Moreover we found a decreased fluidity of the intracellular hemoglobin caused possibly by a decreased concentration of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate in the cells. PMID- 7260406 TI - Intensified remission induction therapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Treatment report on 60 patients. AB - Sixty patients with ANLL were given intensified remission induction therapy consisting of thioguanine, cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin (TAD). The mean age of patients was 47.6 years (range 18 to 74 years). Basing on leukemic cell kinetic data time sequencing of drugs was different from the original TAD protocol. Complete remission (CR) waa achieved in 43/60 patients (72%) with 10 CR in 15 patients over 60 years of age. Seventy-nine percent of the CR were induced by one cycle vs thirty percent reported from the original TAD regimen. The major cause of induction failure--in ten of the 60 patients--was thrombocytopenia refractory to platelet transfusions. Persisting leukemia after two induction cycles was documented in only two patients. Median remission duration by life table analysis is 10 months with 17 patients in continuous CR for 1+ to 22+ months. PMID- 7260407 TI - Erythropoietic precursor cells in culture. PMID- 7260408 TI - Congenital B12-malabsorption without proteinuria. PMID- 7260409 TI - Quantitation of globin mRNA in individual human erythroblasts by in situ hybridization. AB - In situ hybridization of globin mRNA was performed in four human bone marrows using a 3H-cDNA derived from rat globin messenger. Erythroblasts were classified according to nuclear area as well as to morphological appearance after Giemsa staining. Grains over individual erythroblasts and reticulocytes were counted by incident light microphotometry. Reticulocytes from phenyl hydrazine-treated rats served as internal standards in order to allow a comparison of different experiments. The preliminary results from one normal bone marrow, one of stress erythropoiesis and two of aplastic anemia revealed the major content of globin mRNA in the states of basophilic erythroblasts or proerythroblasts. In all cases there was a tendency of decreasing globin mRNA content towards orthochromatic erythroblasts, and even more so, towards reticulocytes. The results show some differences between normal and diseased erythropoiesis which are under study on a larger scale now in order to ascertain their significance. PMID- 7260410 TI - Diurnal variations of tumor growth and its influence on cytostatic treatment. PMID- 7260411 TI - Correlation of chromosomal aberrations in a myeloma cell line with tumorigenicity in nude mice. AB - A human myeloma cell line (L 363) exhibiting several markers of malignancy including a 14q + chromosome marker was not tumorigenic in nude mice. Long-term cultivation in vitro resulted in new subclones with slight, well-defined chromosomal differences to the original line. Certain subclones turned out to have a growth advantage in vitro and became tumorigenic after transplantation in nude mice. A strong correlation between changes in the chromosome I constellation resulting in the threefold dose of long arm-material and the increased proliferative potential in both experimental systems was found. PMID- 7260412 TI - Informed consent: psychotic patients and research. PMID- 7260413 TI - Legislating human rights: informed consent and the Pennsylvania Mental Health Procedures Act. PMID- 7260414 TI - The weather report model of informed consent: problems in preserving patient voluntariness. PMID- 7260415 TI - The bureaucratization of responsibility: the case of informed consent. PMID- 7260416 TI - The rights of juveniles in "voluntary" psychiatric commitments: some empirical observations. PMID- 7260417 TI - "Misinformed" consent. PMID- 7260418 TI - The devil's advocate. PMID- 7260419 TI - Wills, testamentary capacity and undue influence. AB - Psychiatrists are generally familiar with the issues involved in testamentary capacity, but not with the nuances involved in undue influence. The legal factors in determining undue influence where the will of one party is substituted or imposed on the testator have been reviewed. Most important are circumstances where the testator has some degree of mental impairment, where a person in a position of trust imposes his or her will on a testator and is a beneficiary in some way, where there are unusual circumstances in the disposition of property or where there are suspicious circumstances that raise such a question. In particular, a lawyer who prepared a will in which he is a beneficiary will be vulnerable to a charge of undue influence. Examples of actual occurrences have been presented. They illustrate the fact that psychiatric evaluation may be most important in determining the validity of a will even where there is no finding of testamentary incapacity. In such cases, the psychiatric or other medical information is only one factor to be considered by the judge along with the other elements to be considered by the court. Undue influence is therefore another area of the law about which forensic psychiatrists should be familiar and knowledgeable. Hopefully, this review will serve that purpose. PMID- 7260420 TI - Assault in hospitals and placement in the community. PMID- 7260421 TI - Female offenders referred for pre-trial psychiatric evaluation. PMID- 7260422 TI - Childhood cruelty to cats, dogs and other animals. PMID- 7260423 TI - Confidentiality or communication in the treatment of the mentally ill. PMID- 7260424 TI - The pre-trial examination process in Missouri: a descriptive study. PMID- 7260425 TI - Identification of polyhalogenated anisoles and phenols in oysters collected from Tokyo Bay. PMID- 7260426 TI - Acute toxicity of phenol and substituted phenols to the fathead minnow. PMID- 7260427 TI - Effects of sublethal concentrations of pentachlorophenol on the liver of bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus. PMID- 7260428 TI - A Chironomus tentans bioassay for testing synthetic fuel products and effluents, with data on acridine and quinoline. PMID- 7260429 TI - Survival and fecundity of Daphnia pulex on exposure to particulate oil. PMID- 7260430 TI - Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine samples by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7260431 TI - A comparison of in vivo and in vitro (tissue explant) techniques: metabolic profile of methylethylbenzene isomers in rats and dogs. PMID- 7260432 TI - Distribution and excretion of monoisopropylnaphthalene in rats. PMID- 7260433 TI - Toxic effects of cadmium on the garden snail (Helix aspersa). PMID- 7260434 TI - Splenomegaly and adrenal weight changes in isolated adult mice chronically exposed to lead. PMID- 7260435 TI - Tissue lead concentrations in Japanese quail ingesting lead pellets or shot with lead pellets. PMID- 7260436 TI - Identification of musk xylene and musk ketone in freshwater fish collected from the Tama River, Tokyo. PMID- 7260437 TI - Potential exposure of workers during seed potato treatment with captan. PMID- 7260438 TI - Retention and fate of inhaled hexachlorocyclopentadiene in the rat. PMID- 7260439 TI - Determination of sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) in poison baits by HPLC. PMID- 7260440 TI - Determination of brodifacoum in animal tissues by HPLC. PMID- 7260441 TI - Toxicity of blackfly larvicidal formulations to some aquatic insects in the laboratory. PMID- 7260442 TI - Toxicity of six bird control chemicals to aquatic organisms. PMID- 7260443 TI - Mixing and separation device for continuous flow bioassays with coal liquids. PMID- 7260444 TI - Background hydrocarbon residues in fishes from the Great Lakes and eastern Montana. PMID- 7260445 TI - Effect of three aromatic hydrocarbons on respiration and heart rates of the mussel, Mytilus californianus. PMID- 7260446 TI - Morphological changes in the diatom, Tabellaria flocculosa, induced by very low concentrations of cadmium. PMID- 7260447 TI - Alkylmercury levels in marine sediments in Cockburn Sound, Western Australia. PMID- 7260449 TI - Enhanced microbial degradation of carbofuran in soils with histories of Furadan use. PMID- 7260448 TI - Effect of phthalic acid esters on drug metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 7260450 TI - Acute and short-term toxicity of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol in rats. PMID- 7260451 TI - Responses of the hepatic enzymes of a teleost fish to trans-stilbene oxide treatment. PMID- 7260452 TI - Toxic and teratogenic effects of hydrazine on fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) embryos. PMID- 7260453 TI - Some thoughts concerning the clinical use of children's dreams. PMID- 7260454 TI - Contributions to the theory and practice of short-term dynamic psychotherapy. PMID- 7260455 TI - Psychodynamic aspects in the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants. PMID- 7260456 TI - The symbiotic marriage. A diagnostic profile. PMID- 7260457 TI - A practical curb-climbing aid for wheelchair-bound paraplegic persons (a progress report). AB - The article describes in detail an arrangement of trough-shaped wheel ramps and telescoping articulating control rods intended to allow a wheelchair-bound paraplegic to quickly ascend and descend single steps or curbs as high as 8 in. Data on testing of the system with trained and untrained able-bodied male and female subjects is reported; very limited testing with paraplegics suggests that their performance may almost equal that of the able-bodied. Advantages claimed include simplicity, light weight (8 lb), and low cost. Required modification of a standard wheelchair is limited to welding a simple bracket to the outer end of each extended main wheel axle. With ramps and control rods mounted ready for prompt use, chair width is increased by a total of 6 in. When the chair is used indoors or no curbs are expected, a paraplegic occupant, unaided, can dismount the ramps and rods and store them in a canvas bag hanging from the seat back. In this configuration the chair is only 1 in wider than its original unmodified width. Further testing with handicapped occupants is intended. Good arm, hand, and lower-back strength and movement, plus good coordination, are user requirements. PMID- 7260458 TI - Clinical evaluation of UNB 3-state myoelectric control for arm prostheses. AB - This report describes an attempt to conduct (in 1978 during a period of one week) an intensive, thorough, and objective evaluation of a prosthetic control system in such a manner that the evaluation avoids what are seen as shortcomings common among evaluation procedures described in the literature. The evaluation, in terms of benefits to patients, involved consideration on an interdisciplinary basis among an engineering team, prosthetics team, and therapy team. Nine below-elbow and two forequarter amputees participated. The device evaluated was the University of New Brunswick 3-state myoelectric control system, in the 12-volt version designed in 1975. This system is intended for use where there are not enough control sites to permit use of an Otto Bock or similar control system, and permits on/off control of a powered hand or other device in two directions from a single muscle. Observations on each patient by the 14-person evaluation team are summarized, and an Appendix presents questionnaires with summarized responses of the subjects and their families. PMID- 7260459 TI - Gait patterns of above-knee amputees using constant-friction knee components. PMID- 7260460 TI - Optoelectric (Selspot) gait measurement in two- and three-dimensional space--a preliminary report. AB - Traditional studies of human movement by photographic methods require tedious, error-prone, and expensive data reduction. Various optoelectronic methods have been designed. A commercially available system, SELSPOT, purchased for the Cleveland VAMC Motion Study Laboratory, is described. Sequentially pulsed light emitting-diode targets on the subject are observed, with data fed into a computer for combination with force plate data (Cohen, Orin, and Marsolais, Technical Note, BPR 10-33). Calibration methods, errors, and practical difficulties are described. Though problems remain after revisions (see progress reports in BPR), it is believed that SELSPOT offers potential for clinically useful real-time acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional data. PMID- 7260462 TI - A special controller for the BSR X-10 adapts an environmental control system intended for the general public to the needs of the severely handicapped. PMID- 7260461 TI - Pressure and temperature patterns under the ischial tuberosities. AB - A study was conducted to investigate the pressure relief patterns under the ischial tuberosities in group of 12 paraplegic subjects. A small electrical pressure transducer was taped over each ischial tuberosity, and each subject had a thermistor taped near one tuberosity. The subjects were instrumented in the morning and allowed to go about their normal activities for the day sitting on a 4-inch foam cushion. The subjects sat at pressures greater than 150, greater than 90, and greater than 30 mmHg for 17.6 percent, 53.5 percent, and 91.8 percent of the time, respectively. The subjects sat on the average for 10.1 min without doing a pushup with a duration greater than 1 sec and sat on the average for 29.6 min without doing a pushup with a duration greater than 5 sec. Two of the subjects sat for periods greater than 60 min for greater than 75 percent of the time (ignoring pushups less than 5 sec) and greater than 65 percent of the time ignoring pushups less than 1 sec. The average time between pushups was within the generally accepted limits to prevent ulcers--10-30 minutes. A few of the subjects had occasional long periods of uninterrupted pressure greater than what is thought to be required to produce ulcers--and did not develop them. PMID- 7260463 TI - Aesthetic surgery of the face. PMID- 7260464 TI - Cosmetic surgery of burns. PMID- 7260465 TI - Cosmetic surgery of the breast. PMID- 7260466 TI - Breast reconstruction. PMID- 7260467 TI - Problems posed by broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. PMID- 7260468 TI - Management of hydatid disease. PMID- 7260469 TI - Cardiac masses-detection by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7260470 TI - Biofeedback and its clinical applications. PMID- 7260471 TI - Vaginal discharge. PMID- 7260472 TI - Appointments in the radiology department. PMID- 7260474 TI - Private practice-3. PMID- 7260473 TI - Grub. PMID- 7260475 TI - Clinical uses of radio pills. PMID- 7260476 TI - How to do an emergency tracheostomy. PMID- 7260477 TI - Problems of the immediate postanaesthesia period. PMID- 7260478 TI - How to insert a chest drain and aspirate pleural effusion. PMID- 7260479 TI - A method for determining the mean value of refractive errors. AB - The problem of the mean of refractive errors is solved using the theorems applied to the curvature of a surface. A numerical illustration of he method and a statistical sample ae included amongst the appendices. PMID- 7260480 TI - Depth-of-focus of the pseudophakic eye. AB - Pseudophakic patients have been found with the ability to read both 6/6 and N5 without a reading addition. An explanation of this phenomenon is offered in terms of the depth-of-focus of the pseudophakic eye. Results of experiments to measure the depth-of-focus of the pseudophakic eye for Snellen letters are compared with theoretical predictions from earlier work, and implications in terms of visual acuity and refractive error are discussed. PMID- 7260481 TI - Unequal retinal illuminance and the binoculus. AB - An investigation was carried out in the relationship between the position of the binoculus and the depth (transmittance) of a monocular filter. The method used relied on changes in motor function and the linearity of the relationship found by previous workers, who used purely visual techniques, was confirmed. Some anomalous results were found which remain unexplained. PMID- 7260482 TI - The observed image velocity of a stationary target reflected by a rotating plane mirror. AB - An equation is presented describing the angular velocity of an image, viewed by an observer when a plane mirror is undergoing angular velocity. The image velocity is determined at the observer's entrance pupil. An expression to determine the size of the mirror aperture for a given exposure time is also presented. The results indicate that, in general, the image velocity is not constant nor twice the mirror velocity, as is usually assumed. Also, if the mirror extends to an equal length on each side of its axis of rotation, then the time in which the image appears to travel from the mirror's edge to the axis of rotation does not equal the time in which it appears to travel from the axis to the other edge. PMID- 7260483 TI - Reflection of plane-polarized light by the retina. AB - Experiments are described in which retinal reflectance was measured as a function of wavelength for three subjects. Two components of the reflected light were studied: that which retained polarization and that which was depolarized. Both components were found to be present at all visible wavelengths and to have magnitudes which rose at the red end of the spectrum, although the fraction of the reflected light which retained polarization was then lower. The results are compared with those of earlier studies. While there is qualitative agreement on the form of the wavelength-dependence of retinal reflectance, the magnitudes of the values deduced by different authors vary considerably. The influence of ocular birefringence on polarized-light studies of the retina is discussed, together with possible locations from the structures responsible for the observed reflectances. PMID- 7260484 TI - Effect of intracisternal 5,-7-dihydroxytryptamine on the acute antihypertensive action of propranolol in the sino-aortic denervated anaesthetized dog. AB - 1 The anti-hypertensive effects of intravenously and intracisternally administered (+/-)-propranolol were studied in anaesthetized dogs with acute neurogenic (sino-aortic denervation) hypertension. The animals were pretreated 7 days earlier with intracisternally administered 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT 200 microgram/kg plus desipramine 5 mg/kg i.v.). 2 5,7-DHT (plus desipramine) failed to decrease both basic blood pressure and heart rate measured before sino aortic denervation. After 5,7-DHT (plus desipramine) pretreatment, acute sino aortic denervation induced a rise in blood pressure and stimulated the heart rate, these effects being similar (in intensity and duration) to those observed in control (saline-pre-treated) debuffered dogs during the first hour following the deafferentation. 3 In debuffered dogs, (+/-)-propranolol given by intracisternal (50 microgram/kg) or intravenous (300 microgram/kg) routes decreased both blood pressure and heart rate. 4 5,-DHT (plus desipramine) pretreatment abolished the antihypertensive effect of intracisternal propranolol whereas the action of intravenous propranolol was only delayed. In contrast, this pretreatment failed to reduce and even sometimes enhanced the negative chronotropic response induced by propranolol. 5 These results suggest that central 5-hydroxytryptaminergic pathways play an important role in the acute hypotension elicited by intracisternal (+/-)-propranolol in debuffered hypertensive anaesthetized dogs, but little, if any in propranolol-induced bradycardia. PMID- 7260485 TI - 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: a potent inhibitor of human platelet aggregation. AB - 1 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) is an adenosine analogue which is 22,900 times more potent than adenosine as a vasodilator. Adenosine and some of its analogues are also inhibitors of human platelet aggregation. NECA was tested for its effects on human platelets. 2 NECA (1 microM) inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), adrenaline, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and thrombin more powerfully than adenosine. NECA was 5 to 10 times more potent than adenosine at inhibiting ADP- and adrenaline-induced aggregation. 3 NECA, like adenosine, caused dose-dependent increases in levels of platelet adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP), which were competitively inhibited by theophylline, an adenosine antagonist. 4 These effects of NECA, like those of adenosine, were completely stereospecific as the L enantiomer of NECA was inactive. 5 NECA did not interfere with the inhibition by ADP of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-stimulated adenylate cyclase. 6 NECA is the most potent analogue of adenosine tested so far on human platelets, and is the first example of a 5' modification to retain affinity for the platelet adenosine receptor. PMID- 7260487 TI - Different hypothalamic receptors mediate 5-hydroxytryptamine- and tryptamine induced core temperature changes in the rat. AB - 1 Unilateral intrahypothalamic injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) caused a dose-related fall in core temperature in rats, whereas injection of tryptamine into the same site caused a dose-related rise in core temperature. 2 The core temperature changes induced by 5-HT or tryptamine were inhibited by intrahypothalamic pretreatment with indoleamine receptor antagonists in a dose related manner. 3 Other neurotransmitter antagonists, haloperidol, atropine, phentolamine and (-)-propranolol, had no significant effect on core temperature changes induced by 5-HT or tryptamine. 4 A differential antagonism was observed for the indoleamine receptor antagonists against 5-HT and tryptamine-induced core temperature changes. Methergoline and triflupromazine were more selective against tryptamine-induced hyperthermia, while cyproheptadine was more selective against 5-HT-induced hypothermia. 5 Intrahypothalamic pretreatment with 5,-7 dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) 42 nmol in 2 microliter inhibited tryptamine induced hyperthermia, but was without effect on 5-HT-induced hypothermia. 6 These results suggest the possible existence of two different receptor populations within the preoptic anterior hypothalamus in rats; one specific for 5-HT and the other for tryptamine. PMID- 7260486 TI - Anomalous compartmentation of 5-hydroxytryptamine in intact human platelets. AB - 1 The movement of radiolabelled 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) between the extracellular medium, the thrombin-releasable (vesicular) compartment, and a non thrombin-releasable compartment has been investigated in washed human platelets. 2 Appreciable amounts of extracellular 5-HT can accumulate in a non-releasable compartment. Depending on the incubation conditions and the amount of 5-HT already present inside the cell, non-releasable 5-HT can either remain non releasable or rapidly migrate into the vesicular compartment. 3 Measurable amounts of vesicular 5-HT can also enter a non-releasable compartment. However, vesicular 5-HT which becomes non-releasable does not appear to mix with 5-HT becoming non-releasable following uptake from the extracellular medium. 4 Extracellular 5-HT can be added to vesicles and to the non-releasable compartment in the presence of appreciable quantities of 5-HT already in one or both compartments. 5 The vesicular and non-releasable compartments appear to accumulate 5-HT independently of one another. Furthermore, most vesicular accumulation of 5-HT occurs from the extracellular medium, rather than by translocation of non-releasable 5-HT into the vesicular compartment. PMID- 7260489 TI - An experimental study of the clinical judgment of general physicians in evaluating and prescribing for depression. AB - Fifteen general physicians were given profiles of symptom combinations representing 80 depressed patients. They were asked to judge the severity of the disorder and to prescribe. There were two phases to the experiment, the formal structure of both being the same. In the first phase, all physicians based their judgments only on the cues of the Hamilton Depression scale; in the second, each physician defined his own cues. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to the observations. Agreement between the judges was low. Most had a more complex policy, in regard to both judgment of the severity of the depression and prescribing, when selecting their own cues than when restricted to textbook variables, but used it more consistently. The observations have important implications for training and research in psychiatry and in psychopharmacology. PMID- 7260490 TI - Abnormal sexual behaviour in pre-pubescent children. AB - Abnormal sexual behaviour in pre-pubescent children is uncommon even in a psychiatrically referred population. Among 516 referrals there were 6 boys and 10 girls, the girls starting younger. The boys differed little in history or background from other conduct-disordered boys, but the girls were more commonly victims of sexual abuse and lacking a father in the home. The personalities of the girls suggested continued risk of sexual experimentation and possible development of personality disorder. PMID- 7260488 TI - Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. 10th-12th September, 1980. Abstracts. PMID- 7260491 TI - Five exhibitionists and a method of treatment. AB - Five consecutive patients referred to a psychosexual clinic are described to illustrate the diversity of aetiology and pathology, and the need for a range of treatment techniques. Three patients responded to a cognitive-behavioural therapy which is described, and one to antidepressive drug treatment. PMID- 7260492 TI - Post-influenzal depression. AB - A prospective study was carried out on post-influenzal depression. Four hundred patients presenting with psychiatric illness for the first time took part. The results show that there is no correlation between depressive illness and the demonstration of influenza antibody titres, an indication of recent influenza infection. PMID- 7260493 TI - Relative humidity and manic admissions in the London area. AB - This report describes an investigation into a possible relationship between barometric pressure and relative humidity, and depressive and manic admissions in the London area. A negative correlation between manic admissions and relative humidity was observed when the data were examined in several ways. PMID- 7260494 TI - Pure erotomania in manic-depressive psychosis. PMID- 7260495 TI - Are young women who attempt suicide hysterical? AB - Young women who had attempted suicide did not score in a more hysterical manner than women in a comparison group when assessed by the Hysteroid-Obsessoid Questionnaire. Those who made suicide attempts resulting in little physical harm more often demonstrated hysterical traits than those whose attempt involved a serious threat to life. However, even in those subjects the majority did not score in an hysteroid manner, and they certainly scored in a less hysteroid manner than subjects of the comparison group. These results are in accord with the small literature using standardised assessments, and do not support the clinical view that young women who attempt suicide exhibit marked hysterical traits. PMID- 7260496 TI - Psychopathology and the differentiation of values, emotions and behaviours: a repertory grid study. AB - Disturbed and non-disturbed subjects were compared on a Repertory Grid measure of the differentiation of values, emotions and behaviours. The disturbed subjects tended to show either excessively tightened or excessively loosened relationships between values, feelings and behaviours. Tight relationships denoted a close correspondence between a subject's assessment of these three items; loose relationships denoted a poor correspondence. Non-disturbed subjects showed more moderate relationships. Among the disturbed patients, loosened relationships were found in schizophrenics rather than neurotics or personality disorders and tightened relationships in neurotics and personality disorders rather than schizophrenics. PMID- 7260497 TI - Thyroid function screening in psychiatric in-patients. AB - During a two-year biochemical screening for thyroid disease amongst 191 psychiatric admissions, 38 (20 per cent) had an abnormal result, 5 were hyperthyroid and 7 hypothyroid. Thyroid dysfunction was associated with female sex and affective psychosis, but not with age. During the three weeks before admission the patients with an abnormal result had been prescribed significantly more phenothiazines, antiparkinsonian drugs and lithium than the patients with normal thyroid function. Almost half of those with abnormal function were physically ill on admission. Despite these findings we concluded that in most patients thyroid dysfunction was not a major determinant of the psychiatric disturbance. PMID- 7260498 TI - Post-traumatic psychiatric disturbances: patterns and predictors of outcome. AB - A prospective follow-up study of 60 randomly selected cases of closed adult civilian head injuries was conducted for three months from the time of head injury to assess the frequency, patterns, and factors related to post-traumatic psychiatric disturbances. Eighty per cent of the cases had a neuropsychiatric disturbance as assessed at 1 1/2 months. The commonest was post-concussional syndrome (43 per cent). The extent of social dysfunction was directly related to the severity of head injury. However, the total number of symptoms (largely subjective) correlated highly with pre-traumatic neuroticism. The inter relatedness of organic and personality factors in the post-traumatic syndrome, and their predictive value, are discussed. PMID- 7260499 TI - Depressive illness: clinically diverse? PMID- 7260500 TI - The current treatment of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7260501 TI - C reactive protein in mental illness. PMID- 7260502 TI - Hysteria: a large series in Iraq. PMID- 7260503 TI - Lung cancer and schizophrenia. PMID- 7260504 TI - Another case of koro in a Briton. PMID- 7260505 TI - The art of measuring serotonin uptake in platelets. PMID- 7260506 TI - Anticipatory grief. PMID- 7260507 TI - Vulnerability factors and depression. PMID- 7260508 TI - Diagnostic puncture in renal cystic dysplasia (multicystic kidney). Evidence on the aetiology of the cysts. AB - Five cases of cystic dysplastic (multicystic) kidney occurring in infancy are described, in whom diagnostic puncture was used to confirm the suspected diagnosis. The characteristic finding on contrast injection was that the cystic spaces communicated via tubular structures, presumably nephronic, so ruling out the possibility of hydronephrosis. This finding also supports the view that cysts in multicystic kidney derive from nephrons and are not due to dilated calices. Although urography and ultrasonography both give appearances highly suggestive of multicystic kidney, the appearances on renal puncture are pathognomonic. When such appearances are demonstrated there is no urgent need for operative removal, except when necessitated by the size of the mass. PMID- 7260509 TI - The radiology of Meconium Ileus Equivalent. AB - Meconium Ileus Equivalent is a condition which occurs in patients with cystic fibrosis where the ileum becomes obstructed by bowel content of abnormal consistency. Intercurrent chest infection or absence of pancreatic extract supplements are often the exacerbating cause. Plain films of the abdomen show small bowel obstruction and in some a nodular pattern in the small bowel, the nodules being larger than those seen in quiescent cystic fibrosis. Gastrografin enemas and/or enemas with acetyl cysteine can be used in the treatment of the condition, the Gastrografin having the advantage of confirming the diagnosis radiologically. The condition is important as it can be the presenting feature of cystic fibrosis in childhood and even in early adult life, and the operative mortality and morbidity are high. Conservative treatment should be pursued vigorously and operation only undertaken if unavoidable. PMID- 7260510 TI - The reliability of radiology in detecting prolactin-secreting pituitary microadenomas. AB - Radiological findings in 30 patients with proven prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas, originally diagnosed exclusively by endocrine criteria, have been reviewed. Conventional tomography was the examination most often abnormal (50%), and changes or lack of changes corresponded to the state of the pituitary fossa as noted at operation in 93%. Tomographic abnormalities indicated the site of the tumour in 86%. Plain films were less sensitive (27% abnormal) although the changes reported were all confirmed during the surgical procedures. Although cavernous sinography and CT rarely yielded positive information unless either plain films or tomograms were abnormal, each may have a place in the assessment of a patient before operation: sinography to ensure that there is no significant anomaly of the carotid artery at the level of the pituitary fossa; CT scan to exclude a hypothalamic lesion or to detect an associated suprasellar tumour extension or intrasellar cisternal herniation. Strategies for the radiological investigation of patients suspected of having a prolactin-secreting pituitary tumour are proposed. PMID- 7260511 TI - Vascular anatomy in the suboccipital region and lateral cervical puncture. AB - The theoretical risk of injuring the vertebral artery or anomalous vessels at lateral cervical puncture is assessed. In just less than 30% of vertebral arteries the vessel overlies the lateral aspect of the spinal canal between the first and second cervical vertebrae, usually the antero-inferior quadrant. Directing the spinal needle to the posterior third of the canal virtually eliminates the possibility of injuring this and most anomalous arteries traversing the region. The likelihood of inducing subarachnoid haemorrhage by injuring these vessels would appear to be considerably less in lateral cervical than in cisternal puncture. PMID- 7260512 TI - Induction of spinal cord paralysis by negative pi-mesons. AB - As part of our investigations on late non-neoplastic injury induced by negative pi-mesons (pions), a series of studies have been performed using pion beams for the induction of spinal cord paralysis in the Fisher 344 rat. Groups of rats were exposed to 1, 5 or 15 daily doses of peak pions or X rays. Paralysis appeared earlier after treatment with pions than after X rays even in a comparison of groups with similar final incidences. A single dose RBE for spinal cord paralysis of 1.3 was found. The RBE rises to a value of 3.2 if the total dose is given as a series of 15 daily exposures. These RBEs are far larger than we have observed using other late injury end-points, such as tubular degeneration in the kidney or fibrosis and sclerosis in the support structures of the colon for which the single dose RBE is less than 1.2. The biological and/or physical basis for the high sensitivity of the spinal cord to peak pions has not yet been resolved, but these data have suggested caution in exposing the spinal cord to peak pions in our clinical trials. PMID- 7260513 TI - Negative pion depth-dose profile examined by means of HeLa cell-survival curves. AB - HeLa cells were irradiated at liquid nitrogen temperature with negative pions from Nimrod at the Rutherford Laboratory and then assayed for survival of colony forming ability. Complete dose-response curves were obtained from repeated determinations at 14 different positions along the depth-dose profile and survival curves were fitted to the data by computer programme. A depth-damage profile was thus established in terms of the final slopes of these survival curves. This confirmed the expected RBE value of 1.84 at the ionization peak. Although a value of unity was found in the main plateau region, the "entrance" positions showed significantly higher values. PMID- 7260514 TI - The effects of NMR exposure on living organisms. II. A genetic study of human lymphocytes. AB - The effects of NMR line-scan imaging procedures and static homogeneous magnetic fields of 0.5 and 1.0 tesla on cells from human blood have been investigated by examining their influence on the frequency of gross lesions, sister chromatid exchanges and on the proportion of amodal cells. Cultured human blood cells have also been submitted to extended NMR imaging exposure during active growth and division. Neither treatment had any significant effect on any of the parameters measured. PMID- 7260515 TI - The iodine concentration in benign and malignant thyroid nodules measured by X ray fluorescence. AB - Iodine concentration was measured by X-ray fluorescence in 48 normal thyroid glands obtained at autopsy and in 91 surgical thyroid specimens with a variety of abnormalities. The iodine concentration in normal thyroids ranged from 0.02 to 3.12 mg/g of tissue with a mean value of 1.03 +/- 0.67 mg/g. The concentrations in pathological specimens were generally lower with the lowest values found in thyroid cancers. Sixteen (76%) of 21 malignant thyroid specimens analysed had undetectable iodine (less than 0.02 mg/g) whereas 22 (96%) of 23 benign nodules had measurable iodine concentrations. The detection of iodine in a thyroid nodule by X-ray fluorescence pre-operatively would significantly decrease the probability of malignancy and the need for surgical excision. PMID- 7260516 TI - A water bath for thyroid scanning with ultrasound. PMID- 7260518 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of duodenal atresia. PMID- 7260517 TI - Vocal-cord paralysis after treatment of thyrotoxicosis with radioiodine. PMID- 7260519 TI - The oncogenic potential of X rays and/or hyperthermia in C3H-10T 1/2 cells. PMID- 7260520 TI - Round (helical) atelectasis. AB - Round (helical) atelectasis is a little-known form of pulmonary collapse. It is thought to occur secondary to lung compression from pleural effusion or following therapeutic pneumothorax. Its occurrence is favoured in patients with exudative pleural effusions and extensive pleural thickening. It presents radiographically as a pulmonary pseudotumour, and experience with this entity and its pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 7260521 TI - Benign greater curve gastric ulcer: the "sump-ulcer". AB - Twenty-six cases of greater curve gastric ulcers are presented, of which all but one were benign. There appears to have been an increased occurrence of benign greater curve gastric ulcers in our institution. By using a double contrast barium examination diagnostic accuracy was high, although endoscopy and biopsy are required for confirmation. Greater curve gastric ulcers were commonest in elderly patients with concomitant disease and a high intake or oral drugs, particularly analgesics, potassium chloride supplements and steroids. The constant location of the ulceration in the most dependent part of the stomach suggests a causal relationship with drug ingestion in these patients. The term "sump-ulcer" is suggested. A relatively high incidence of perforation and gastrocolic fistulae was found. It would appear that gastrocolic fistulae from benign peptic ulcer disease, previously thought to be excessively rare, are becoming more commonly recognized. PMID- 7260522 TI - Pre-operative computed tomography of carcinoma of the rectum. AB - Fifty-two patients with carcinoma of the rectum under-went computed tomography (CT) in the immediate preoperative period. CT was used in order to assess extrarectal tumour spread. The resected specimen was staged by the pathologist who subdivided spread in continuity beyond the bowel wall into slight, moderate or extensive. In 21 out of 23 patients with no or slight extrarectal local spread CT showed normal perirectal fat. Extrarectal spread was demonstrated by CT in eight of the nine patients found to have extensive local spread. This was seen to be circumferential in the only two patients with inoperable tumors. CT identified discrete nodal enlargement in seven of the 18 patients with histologically involved lymph nodes. CT may help the less experienced surgeon, especially when he is not confident of his findings at digital examination. CT allows assessment of high rectal tumours which cannot be examined digitally. It may play a role where a tumour with extensive local spread is clinically suspected and confirmation is needed before preoperative radiotherapy is given. PMID- 7260523 TI - Ultrasound measurement of fetal limb lengths. PMID- 7260524 TI - Ultrasonically guided percutaneous interstitial implantation of iodine 125 seeds in cancer therapy. AB - A new method for ultrasonically guided percutaneous interstitial implantation of 125I seeds in abdominal tumours is described. A linear array puncture transducer mounted on a special x-y-z co-ordinate frame is used in combination with a special insertion technique. Following in vitro experiments the technique was applied in two patients with pancreatic cancer. There were no immediate complications after the implantation of 36 and 37 125I seeds. PMID- 7260525 TI - A catheter system for the safe and efficient delivery of tissue glues (bucrylate) for visceral embolization. PMID- 7260526 TI - Combined duodenoscopic and transhepatic approach to stenosis of the papilla of Vater. PMID- 7260527 TI - Biliary sludge-ultrasonic appearance simulating neoplasm. PMID- 7260528 TI - An unusual case of subcutaneous emphysema. PMID- 7260529 TI - Giant diverticulum arising from the transverse colon of a patient with diverticulosis. PMID- 7260530 TI - Pseudo tumours of the colon due to adhesions. PMID- 7260531 TI - Pre-natal ultrasound demonstration of lymphangiectasia in the mesentery of the small bowel. PMID- 7260532 TI - The diagnosis by computerized tomography of a parathyroid adenoma presenting as acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7260533 TI - A "new line" in radiology. PMID- 7260534 TI - The incidence of headache following various techniques with metrizamide myelography. PMID- 7260535 TI - Radiation hazards. PMID- 7260536 TI - Hereditary hypercalciuric urolithiasis. A study of a family. PMID- 7260537 TI - Bilateral renal carcinoma. PMID- 7260538 TI - Surgical management of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - The management of 10 patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis causing obstructive uropathy is presented. In all cases the obstruction was relieved by ureterolysis and corticosteroid therapy was not used during the initial treatment. In 9 patients the operation was well tolerated but one, who developed a pyonephrosis after pre-operative ureteric drainage, died of septiceamia 15 days post-operatively. In 2 patients further explorations and ureterolysis were necessary for recurrent fibrosis which may have been related to urinary leakage. A policy for the management of these cases is presented which recommends the use of silastic tubing splints after ureteric mobilisation and the use of an omental wrap. PMID- 7260539 TI - Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. AB - Small mobile stones in the major renal collecting system can be extracted through a percutaneous tract. Initially the radiologist performs a conventional percutaneous needle nephrostomy and inserts a pigtail catheter into the renal pelvis. Over the next week the tract formed is serially dilated to a size large enough to pass a cystoscope into the kidney. The calculi are trapped by a stone basket and removed. The many advantages of this relatively atraumatic procedure are discussed. PMID- 7260540 TI - The single ectopic ureter and the dysplastic kidney. AB - Eight children, 3 girls and 5 boys, with single ectopic ureters arising from non concentrating kidneys are described. Two children, both girls, complained of persistent wetting with a pattern suggestive of ectopic ureter: 2 of the boys presented in the neonatal period with massive abdominal distension: the remaining children developed a urinary infection or chronic urinary retention. Diagnosis depends on an appreciation of the possibility that a non-concentrating kidney on intravenous urography may be giving rise to an ectopic ureter and, in the boys, on a correct interpretation of cystourethrographic findings. Careful endoscopic examination of the urethra and in the girls of the vagina also will lead to the identification of the ectopic ureteric orifice in most cases. When the ectopic ureter joins the male genital tract there may be an extravesical ureterocele which can be recognised cytoscopically. The condition is treated by nephroureterectomy. PMID- 7260541 TI - The value of intravesical prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha in women with abnormalities of bladder emptying. AB - A clinical study of intravesical prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in the treatment of 13 female patients with difficulties in emptying their bladder is reported. Urodynamic investigations were performed before and after instillation of the drug. Although 3 patients had some reduction in residual urine volume, the remainder showed no obvious change and no patient experienced subjective improvement. In 6 patients, biopsies of the vesical mucosa were taken before and after instillation in order to measure the uptake of prostaglandin by the mucosa, but no conclusions could be drawn from these measurements. Although prostaglandins are known to have contractile effects on the detrusor muscle, the results of this study suggest that intravesical PGE2 and PGF2 alpha have no therapeutic value in the treatment of voiding dysfunction and residual urine. PMID- 7260543 TI - The relation of urinary bilharziasis to vesical stones in children. PMID- 7260542 TI - A long-term study of the persistence of the urodynamic characteristics of the unstable bladder. AB - Sixty-four patients with normal bladder function, stress incontinence, idiopathic instability or instability associated with enuresis underwent pressure/flow videocystography. This was repeated from one month to 8 years later (average 19.4 months). Filling cystometry remained qualitatively unchanged in 95% of cases overall, whilst the actual pressure recordings during cystometry in the 37 patients with instability remained identical or very similar in 73%. The results demonstrated the accuracy of cystometry and the consistency of bladder dynamics over the longest period so far reported in these apparently non-progressive disorders. PMID- 7260544 TI - Vesical leukoplakia progressing to squamous cell carcinoma in women. PMID- 7260545 TI - Combined chemotherapy in the management of metastatic bladder cancer. PMID- 7260546 TI - Single-drug chemotherapy with 5-FU and adriamycin in metastatic bladder cancer. AB - Either 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or Adriamycin was used as single-drug treatment in 10 and 15 patients respectively with measurable metastatic bladder carcinoma. In the 5-FU group there were one complete and 2 partial remissions. Six partial remissions were observed in patients treated with Adriamycin. The duration of the remissions was usually short. Gastrointestinal and haematological side effects were more pronounced in the Adriamycin group. The results are discussed in relation to other reports on cytostatic treatment of bladder carcinoma, with emphasis on general problems concerning chemotherapy of this disease. PMID- 7260547 TI - Urinary protein profiles in patients with urothelial bladder tumours. AB - Urinary protein profiles were studied in 32 patients with urothelial bladder tumours, using immunonephelometry. In patients without residual or recurrent tumours a glomerular type of proteinuria was demonstrated. In patients with grade III-IV transitional cell carcinoma the glomerular proteinuria was more severe than in patients with grade I-II tumours. Increased excretion of low molecular weight proteins was observed only in patients with grade III-IV tumours. The use of the increased relative clearance of albumin, transferrin, and haptoglobin as a diagnostic test was attempted in detecting residual or recurrent tumours. In patients with grade III-IV tumours the predictive value of a positive or negative test was 92% and 100% respectively, whereas the relative protein clearance was without predictive value in patients with grade I-II tumours. PMID- 7260548 TI - Pre-operative bladder irrigation with povidone-iodine. PMID- 7260549 TI - A study of cefamandole prostatic tissue levels. PMID- 7260550 TI - Reimplantation of the ureter in prostatic carcinoma associated with bilateral ureteric obstruction. AB - Bilateral ureteric obstruction from prostatic carcinoma is not uncommon. A number of techniques for urinary diversion have been used in selected patients when uraemia develops. Reimplantation of the ureter(s) as an alternative to urinary diversion has been carried out in 21 patients over a 7-year period. In 6 of these patients bilateral reimplantation was done. In another 6 patients reimplantation of the ureter was not possible and cutaneous ureterostomy was carried out. The overall survival time was 10.6 months. In 13 patients living more than 6 months post-operatively, survival time was 1.8 years. Most patients had severe uraemia and advanced (clinical stage III or IV) prostatic carcinoma. The immediate management of these patients is outlined and the importance should be considered is stress. It is concluded that, whenever possible, ureteric reimplantation should be considered for relieving ureteric obstruction in patients selected for active treatment. PMID- 7260551 TI - Clitoroplasty in intersex: a new technique. AB - A new technique of reduction clitoroplasty is presented. The procedure consists of a subtotal resection of the shaft of the clitoris with preservation of the dorsal neurovascular bundle of the glans. The purpose is to preserve erogenous glans clitoris and the erection of the crura. The anatomical results in 8 patients were excellent; partial necrosis occurred in a 12-year-old patient. The functional result remains unknown since the children are still young. This technique of clitoroplasty is, as far as we know, the most conservative procedure to date. PMID- 7260552 TI - Priapism--conservative treatment versus surgical procedures. AB - Fourteen patients with priapism have been treated over the last 12 years. Two patients had a recurrence 2 and 5 years after the primary incident. Abuse of alcohol (often combined with psychotropic drugs) and the use of antihypertensive drugs were the most prominent aetiological factors. Three out of 9 patients treated conservatively and 5 out of 6 patients treated with a shunt procedure have preserved their erection ability. Our results indicate that conservative treatment is not justified and that a shunt procedure should be performed with the least possible delay. PMID- 7260553 TI - Surgical correction of torsion of the penis. AB - Torsion of the penis is a rare anomaly, believed to be due to abnormal skin attachment and not to any structural abnormality of the corpora. The rotation is usually to the left in a counter-clockwise fashion. The urethral meatus is placed in a oblique position and the median raphe makes a spiral curve from the base of the penis towards the meatus. Three boys with congenital torsion of the penis are reported. A corrective operative for this condition is described. Penile torsion was first described by Verneuil in 1857, but in the past no operative correction was recommended, since attempts to move the skin around were believed not to correct the spiral alignment of the corpora cavernosa. PMID- 7260554 TI - Abnormalities of the immune system in patients with chyluria. AB - A study of the immune system in 11 patients with chyluria showed lymphocytopenia, decrease in T cells, a low serum IgA concentration and suppression of delayed hypersensitivity responses to intradermally injected antigens. The similarity of chyluria to intestinal lymphangiectasia and thoracic duct fistula suggests that the immune deficiency may be due to loss of lymph in the urine. PMID- 7260555 TI - Conservative management of renal adenoma v. adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7260556 TI - Solitary vaginal metastasis from renal carcinoma (concurrent with endometrial carcinoma). PMID- 7260557 TI - Metastases to the penis from carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 7260558 TI - Urinary retention secondary to simple ureterocele in an adult. PMID- 7260559 TI - Ultrasound in renal disease. A review after 6 years. PMID- 7260560 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis: whither epidemiology? PMID- 7260561 TI - The muscular dystrophies. Future prospects. PMID- 7260562 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 7260563 TI - The relationships between blood haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and plasma protein concentration in dehydration. PMID- 7260564 TI - A herd test for non-pregnancy using plasma progesterone levels in the selection of swamp buffalo for oestrus synchronization. PMID- 7260565 TI - A radiographic study of the changes in skeletal growth and development of the foetus caused by poor nutrition in the pregnant ewe. PMID- 7260566 TI - Atypical milk progesterone profiles in two post-partum dairy cows. PMID- 7260567 TI - Changes in the worm burden of lambs under continuous infection with Ostertagia circumcincta. PMID- 7260568 TI - Resistance of Dermatophilus congolensis and the effect of vitamin supplementation on the growth of the organism. PMID- 7260569 TI - Fat levels in rabbit diets. PMID- 7260570 TI - Selective semantic-lexical impairment of language comprehension in right-brain damaged patients. PMID- 7260571 TI - Mechanisms underlying writing and speech in aphasia. PMID- 7260572 TI - Dissociations in aphasia: a case report. PMID- 7260573 TI - The inferential interference effects of environmental sounds on spoken speech in Japanese and British people. PMID- 7260574 TI - Part of speech and phonological form implied in written-word comprehension: evidence from homograph disambiguation by normal and aphasic subjects. PMID- 7260575 TI - Syntactic effects in sentence completion by Broca's. PMID- 7260576 TI - Perception of facial expressions. PMID- 7260577 TI - Production of narrative and procedural discourse in aphasia. PMID- 7260578 TI - Stroop interference: hemispheric difference in Chinese speakers. PMID- 7260579 TI - Hemisphere asymmetries in faculty and student musicians and nonmusicians during melody recognition tasks. PMID- 7260580 TI - A right-ear advantage for dichotic listening in bilingual children. PMID- 7260581 TI - Activation of neurosecretory cells enhances their synthesis of secretory protein. AB - We have asked whether neurosecretory cells respond to activation by selectively augmenting their synthesis of secretory protein, using the bag cells of Aplysia, which produce and secrete a peptide egg-laying hormone, ELH. Exposure of bag cell organs to 100 mM K+ for 4 h increased their incorporation of tritiated leucine into ELH precursors by about 25%, an effect which persisted for at least 8 h after the stimulus. Since the high potassium treatment had no effect on the rate of loss of label from previously-synthesized ELH proteins, we conclude that the enhanced labeling represents enhanced synthesis. Elevated external potassium did not enhance ELH synthesis in clusters of bag cell somata which had been surgically isolated from their neurites, suggesting that the augmentation of synthesis is not mediated by direct effects of the high potassium solution. Mediation by a secretion-linked process is indicated by the fact that low Ca2+/high Mg2+ media blocked the effect of high K+. Whether the regulatory signal involves receipt of presynaptic transmitter or hormone secretion remains to be determined. PMID- 7260582 TI - The effect of postsynaptic deprivation on the presynaptic chief cell in the rat carotid body. AB - After the surgical removal of the postsynaptic sensory sinus nerve, the presynaptic specializations in the chief cell of the rat carotid body chemoreceptor rapidly disappear. When the sinus nerve is allowed to regenerate, the presynaptic specializations reappear almost simultaneously with the re establishment of apposition of the nerve to chief cells and the number of the synapses is restored to a normal range by the third week after deafferentation. This finding indicates that the maintenance of the presynaptic specializations in the chief cell depends on the persistence of the postsynaptic element, and further suggest the neurotrophic maintenance of the presynaptic specializations may be exerted by the postsynaptic sinus nerve. The sustentacular cells may play a role in governing the specificity of reinnervation by the sinus nerve. PMID- 7260583 TI - The response of individual sympathetic preganglionic neurones to microelectrophoretically applied endogenous monoamines. AB - In anaesthetized cats the effect on antidromically identified single sympathetic preganglionic neurones (SPN) in the third thoracic segment of microelectrophoretically applied monoamines, amino acids and acetyl choline was examined. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) creatinine sulphate and bimaleate excited a majority of SPN. A few cells were inhibited by 5-HT creatinine sulphate. These effects were observed on spontaneously active SPN (cardiac and non-cardiac type) and on silent SPN. Noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine inhibited all 'types' of SPN, including spontaneously active neurons, silent neurones activated by glutamate or DL-homocysteic acid and neurones synaptically activated by electrically stimulating a brain stem excitatory region. Acetyl choline had no effect on different types of SPN. PMID- 7260584 TI - Behavioural recovery following transplantation of substantia nigra in rats subjected to 6-OHDA lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway. I. Unilateral lesions. AB - The ability of embryonic substantia nigra transplants to compensate for behavioural deficits induced by unilateral destruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway has been investigated in adult rats. Six days following unilateral 6-OHDA lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway, the adequacy of the lesion was assessed by measurement of the intensity of ipsilateral amphetamine induced rotation. All rats then received surgical cavities in the cortex overlying the head of the caudate-putamen on the lesioned side. In 51 rats, transplants of embryonic substantia nigra were placed on the dorsal surface of the caudate-putamen, and the remaining 19 rats served as unilateral lesioned controls. Behavioural testing was conducted approximately 3 months after transplantation: (a) the transplant animals alone showed a marked reduction in ipsilateral rotation induced by 5 mg/kg amphetamine ('compensation'); (b) although both transplanted and control rats expressed equal contralateral rotation at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg apomorphine, the transplant animals alone showed a marked reduction in rotation at a lower dose of 0.05 mg/kg; (c) the transplanted rats showed less asymmetry in spontaneous rotational behaviour than controls, and the asymmetry was further reduced by mild tailpinch; (d) when tested for spontaneous choice behaviour in a T-maze, control rats showed 97% selection of the arm ipsilateral to the 6-OHDA lesion, whereas the transplanted rats that were well compensated on the amphetamine rotation test turned to the contralateral side on 30-40% of choices; (e) no transplant-induced changes were found in contralateral sensory inattention on a sensorimotor test battery, whether tested spontaneously or under mild tailpinch-induced activation. The results support the conclusion that dopaminergic reinnervation of the dorsal neostriatum is capable of inducing functional recovery in many, but not all, behavioural tests which involve side choice or bias, not only after pharmacological activation but also in the spontaneously behaving animal. PMID- 7260585 TI - Connections of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus with the neurohypophysis, median eminence, amygdala, lateral septum and midbrain periaqueductal gray: an electrophysiological study in the rat. AB - Extracellular recordings were obtained from 555 paraventricular (PVN) nucleus neurons in pentobarbital-anesthetized male rats. Cells were examined for their spontaneous activity patterns and response to single 1-Hz electrical stimulation of the neurohypophysis, median eminence, amygdala, lateral septum (LS) and midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). Neurohypophyseal stimulation evoked antidromic activation from 109 neurons. Among spontaneously active neurohypophyseal neurons, evidence of a recurrent inhibitory pathway usually required pituitary stimulus intensities twice threshold for antidromic activation. Orthodromic excitatory or inhibitory responses followed amygdala and LS stimulation, but not PAG stimulation. The amygdala influence was predominantly inhibitory to 'phasic' (putative vasopressin-secreting) PVN neurohypophyseal neurons. Neurohypophyseal stimulation evoked orthodromic responses from 124 PVN cells; some of these neurons were also responsive to stimulation in other sites. Median eminence stimulation evoked antidromic responses from 37 PVN neurons; some of these cells also displayed phasic activity but no evidence for recurrent inhibition. Twelve cells in this group were also activated antidromically from both the median eminence and the neurohypophysis; collision tests suggest that the median eminence innervation may be an axon collateral of a neurohypophyseal pathway. Amygdala stimulation was inhibitory to some cells in this category. Amygdala, LS and PAG stimulation evoked antidromic activation from a small number of PVN cells, but none of these cells appeared to innervate more than one area, including the neurohypophysis, and none displayed phasic activity. Orthodromic responses were recorded among other PVN neurons after stimulation in these sites; however, PAG stimulation was the least effective stimulation area. These observations provide additional electrophysiological data that confirm efferent PVN connections to all areas tested, afferent connections from amygdala and LS but not PAG, and the possibility for coordinated activity among PVN neurons through local recurrent or common afferent connections. PMID- 7260586 TI - Cholinergic receptor interactions and their effects on long-term memory processing. AB - Mice were treated on active avoidance to determine the effect of cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs on retention. All drugs were administered intraventricularly after training and one week prior to testing retention. A dose response curve was determined for each drug. The results indicate that each of 6 anticholinergics impaired retention. The 8 cholinergic drugs tested all yielded U shaped dose-response curves with controls showing poor retention, low doses of the drugs yielding good retention and high doses resulting in poor retention. PMID- 7260587 TI - Autoradiographic localization of [3H]muscimol in the cat retina. AB - In the cat retina, [3H]muscimol is localized in 5 morphologically distinct subpopulations of neurons with cell bodies in the amacrine layer and in other neurons located in the ganglion cell layer. Muller cells are unlabeled. The labeled subpopulations in the amacrine layer correspond to the subpopulations which also exhibit preferential uptake of [3H]GABA. The [3H]muscimol-labeled cells include interplexiform cells and type-AI reciprocal amacrine cells. PMID- 7260588 TI - Effects of GABAergic drugs on brain stimulation reward as assessed by a 'threshold' method. AB - Rats were trained in a two-lever intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) paradigm. Responses at the first lever delivered brain stimulation which was decreased in magnitude after every 5 responses. Responses at the second re-set the available current to its original value. The current level at which the re-set responses occurred was defined as the 'reward threshold'. The rate of responding at each current level during the stimulate-re-set sequence was also determined. This paradigm, therefore, allowed simultaneous rate-independent and rate-dependent assessment of ICSS. Decreased reward, as demonstrated by an elevated 'reward threshold', was produced in a dose-related manner by the GABA antagonist picrotoxin. Similar effects could be produced by making each stimulation train less rewarding, i.e. by reducing the amount of charge delivered per stimulation. Conversely, increased reward, as indicated by a lower 'reward threshold', was produced in a dose-related manner by the GABA-mimetic muscimol, or by increasing the amount of charge delivered by each stimulation. Response rats were not significantly changed at any stimulation intensity following treatment with either drug. These data suggest that the effects of picrotoxin and muscimol on ICSS are due to changed perception of reward and not to altered performance of the lever pressing task. An important role for GABA in the mediation of reward needs, therefore, to be considered. PMID- 7260589 TI - The effect of 4-aminopyridine on the spinal locomotor rhythm induced by L-DOPA. AB - In high spinal curarized cats rhythmic motor output similar to locomotion ('fictive locomotion') of all 4 limbs was obtained after intravenous application of the noradrenergic precursor, L-DOPA, and nialamide combined with 4 aminopyridine (4-AP). The activity was recorded from muscle nerves. In the presence of 4-AP, which enhances transmission at various excitatory and inhibitory synapses, reduced amounts of DOPA were sufficient to evoke fictive locomotion. 4-AP alone did not elicit locomotion. The burst rate increased up to 6 Hz with the amount of 4-AP given (0.5-50 mg/kg). The cyclic frequency of high spinal cats exhibiting either fictive locomotion or walking on a treadmill was accelerated by 4-AP. After a supplementary transection of the spinal cord at the upper lumbar level both fore- and hindlimbs generally continued to show fictive locomotion with similar frequencies. In the presence of high doses of clonidine (alpha-receptor-activator, greater than 4 mg/kg), the locomotor pattern was replaced by regular (2 Hz) synchronous discharges in all flexors and extensors. PMID- 7260590 TI - The effect of systemic morphine upon diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) in the rat: evidence for a lifting of certain descending inhibitory controls of dorsal horn convergent neurones. AB - The effects of exogenous opiates upon diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) was investigated in intact anaesthetized rats. 58 convergent neurones, responding to both noxious and innocuous stimuli applied to their cutaneous receptive fields, were recorded at the lumbar level. These cells received A- and C peripheral fibre inputs as shown by electrical stimulation of their receptive fields and were mainly located in the medial part of the dorsal horn. The immersion of the distal two-thirds of the tail in hot water (52 degrees C) induced strong inhibition of the responses to both A-(23%) and C-(69%) fibres. Post-effects of long duration were commonly observed after cessation of the conditioning stimulus. While systemic injection of morphine at a low dose-range (0.1-1 mg/kg) did not significantly affect the unconditioned responses, the DNIC mediated inhibitions were profoundly altered. (a) DNIC of responses to C fibres were dose-dependently (P less than 0.01) lifted by morphine: (b) the post-effects observed after cessation of conditioning stimuli were dose-dependently (P less than 0.01) diminished; (c) DNIC of responses to A-fibre were similarly altered but this effect was less significant (P less than 0.05); (d) DNIC of responses to sustained moderate pressure were greatly diminished by morphine (P less than 0.01); and (e) these effects were specific since they were antagonized by the opiate antagonist, naloxone. In addition, they were shown to be stereospecific since while the dextrogyre stereoisomer, dextrorphan, was ineffective the levogyre derivative, levorphanol, induced a significant lifting of DNIC. It is concluded that morphine decreases the supraspinal inhibitory controls of dorsal horn convergent neurones, at least when these controls are triggered by noxious stimuli. Assuming that a basic somatosensory background activity (noise) is transmitted to higher centres by dorsal horn convergent neurones, and that the pain-signalling message is the contrast between the activity of the segmental pool of neurones induced by the noxious stimulus and the DNIC-mediated silence of the remaining neuronal population, it is proposed that, by a reduction in DNIC, low-dose morphine could restore the initial level of background activity, the final result being analgesia. PMID- 7260591 TI - Topographical and cytological localization of iron in rat and monkey brains. AB - The topographical localization of endogenous iron in rat and monkey brains coincides with the striato-pallido-nigral and the cerebellar corticonuclear pathways. EM observation reveals that iron is located in the soma and processes of glial cells and, above all, in the inner and outer loop of the myelin sheets. This raises the question of whether iron intervenes in some GABAergic systems. PMID- 7260592 TI - Role of dorsal mesencephalic reticular formation and deep layers of superior colliculus in turning behaviour elicited from the striatum. AB - Kainate or electrolytic lesions were placed unilaterally in the dorsal mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) or in the deep layers of the superior colliculus (DLSC) on the same side of a unilateral lesion of the medial forebrain bundle with 6-OHDA. Before the lesions the rats turned contralaterally when challenged with 0.25 mg/kg of apomorphine. After lesions of the MRF most rats turned ipsilaterally in response to the same dose of apomorphine. After lesions of the DLSC apomorphine-induced contralateral turning was significantly reduced but not abolished. The results indicate that the MRF and DLSC play a primary role in the expression of turning originated from the striatum. PMID- 7260593 TI - Effects of midbrain, bulbar and combined morphine microinjections and systemic injections on orofacial nociception and rostral trigeminal stimulation: independent midbrain and bulbar opiate analgesia systems? AB - Microinjections of 0.35 microgram and 0.7 microgram morphine were made into rat nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis and ventral central gray respectively. When injected simultaneously, the analgesic effect on orofacial thermal pain was significantly greater than the effect of either injection alone, suggesting a summation mechanism for the two sites. No microinjection affected the threshold for aversive response to main sensory trigeminal nuclear stimulation. This threshold was, however, profoundly elevated by 10 mg/kg systemic injection. PMID- 7260594 TI - Rewarding effects of hypothalamic self-stimulation altered by unilateral lesions of superior colliculus in rats. AB - The effects of unilateral lesions of the superior colliculus were determined on self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. It was found that the lesions had different effects depending upon the precise location of the stimulating electrode: self-stimulation on far-laterally located electrodes was abolished while on more medially placed electrodes this behaviour was enhanced. These data are inconsistent with explanations of intracranial self-stimulation which treat it as a unitary phenomenon. PMID- 7260595 TI - Sensations evoked from the glabrous skin of the human hand by electrical stimulation of unitary mechanosensitive afferents. AB - A needle microelectrode in the median nerve was used to record impulses from tactile afferent units and to deliver trains of electrical pulses for microstimulation. The findings suggest that the activation of single SA I units produces a sensation of light pressure within a small area located within the receptive field of the unit whereas the activation of RA units seemed to elicit sensations of varying qualities: touch, vibration, and tickle. PMID- 7260596 TI - Modulation of harmaline-induced rhythmic discharge of the inferior olive by juxtafastigial stimulation. AB - We previously reported induction or suppression by juxtafastigial stimulation of the rhythmic complex spike discharge of Purkinje cells in harmaline treated rats. In this paper we show that this modulation of the cerebellar rhythmic activity implies the involvement of inferior olive neurons. These results are discussed in the general framework of the olivo-cerebello-bulbar circuitry. A modulatory control of the inferior olive neuron activity by the raphe system is suggested to explain part of these results. PMID- 7260597 TI - Graded interactions between identified neurons from the simple eyes of an insect. AB - Intracellular recordings were made of anatomically identified second order neurons of the ocelli of the locust (Orthoptera, Acrididae), and the graded responses of individual neurons to illumination of the 3 ocelli were compared. It was found that two anatomical types of neurons responded with hyperpolarization to illumination of one ocellus, and with depolarization to illumination of another ocellus. The depolarizing responses were abolished with picrotoxin. The 3 anatomical types of large neurons in the median ocellar nerve had responses which were physiologically distinct. PMID- 7260598 TI - Differential response to methionine-enkephalin in basal hypothalamus and preoptic area following hypothalamic deafferentation. PMID- 7260599 TI - Neonatal capsaicin and thermal nociception: a paradox. AB - Thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds and somato-visceral reflexes have been studied in normal rats and in rats treated neonatally with capsaicin. Mechanical nociceptive thresholds were increased in capsaicin treated rats whereas thermal nociceptive thresholds remained unchanged. In contrast, somato visceral reflexes evoked by thermal noxious stimulation of the skin could not be elicited in capsaicin treated rats whereas mechanical noxious stimulation was effective in evoking visceral reflexes. PMID- 7260600 TI - Quantitative examination of the deep cerebellar nuclei in the staggerer mutant mouse. AB - Quantitative morphological techniques have revealed several new aspects of the action of the Staggerer mutant gene. Staggerer is an autosomal recessive gene which causes ataxia and severe malformation of the cerebellar cortex in mice. The Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex are small, abnormal in morphology and reduced in numbers. The close synaptic and developmental relationship of Purkinje cells with the cells of the deep cerebellar nuclei (dcn) lead us to look for effects of the Staggerer mutation on the dcn neurons. The volume of the deep nuclear region is shrunken in Staggerer and there is a reduction in the volume of the white matter. These findings account for the reduced wet weights and protein concentration found by Roffler-Tarlov and Sidman. In contrast to the cells of the cortex, where 75% of the medium-to-large neurons are missing, the number of cells present in Staggerer dcn is identical to wild-type. The dcn neurons are not completely spared, however. Measurements of cross-sectional cell area revealed a 30% shrinkage of neurons in Staggerer dcn. The most likely interpretation of previous work and the current findings is that the Staggerer gene acts early in development but exerts its effects directly only on those derivatives of the ventricular zone in the roof of the fourth ventricle which are destined to become Purkinje and Golgi cells. PMID- 7260601 TI - Inhibition of auditory cortical neurons during phonation. AB - The neuronal activity of the auditory cortex in the squirrel monkey was investigated during phonation in order to study relationships between brain structures involved in phonation and audition. Responses of single cells in the superior temporal gyrus were extracellularly recorded during stimulation by self produced vocalizations (elicited either through electrical stimulation of the central gray or uttered spontaneously), and by tape-recorded vocalizations played back together with other species-specific cells. More than half of those cells which reacted to the play-back of self-produced vocalizations responded clearly weaker or not at all during phonation. Less than half of the neurons did not differentiate between self-produced and loudspeaker-transmitted vocalizations. It is concluded that brain structures which are activated during phonation exert an inhibitory influence on parts of the auditory cortex, a fact providing evidence of a neuronal feed-forward circuit mechanism within the process of audiovocal communication. PMID- 7260603 TI - Long lasting suppression of firing of cortical neurons and decrease in cortical blood flow following train pulse stimulation of the locus coeruleus in the cat. AB - Single neuron activity and local cerebral blood flow were recorded simultaneously in the same spot of the gyrus proreus in cats. Train pulse stimulation (10-20 Hz, 30 sec) of the ipsilateral locus coeruleus induced long lasting suppression of firing in up to 78% of neurons and decrease in local flow, which lasted 1.9-5.6 min and 3.8-6.5 min, respectively. Single pulse stimulation evoked inhibition of firing in 55% of the neurons investigated. PMID- 7260602 TI - Muscarinic cholinergic receptor localization in brain by electron microscopic autoradiography. AB - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors were labeled by the potent, specific, irreversible muscarinic cholinergic antagonist propylbenzilylcholine mustard. Slices of rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex were labeled in vitro under conditions such that workable specific to non-specific ratios of receptor binding were obtained. Light microscopic autoradiography of 1 micrometer sections revealed a limited penetration of drug into the tissue and, by grain counts, confirmed the specific to non-specific ratios observed in preliminary biochemical studies. Examination of thin sections with the electron microscope revealed a significant fraction of (but not all) autoradiographic grains associated with synapses. This fraction was reduced in tissues coincubated with quinuclidinylbenzilate to produce blanks. These results indicate an enrichment of cholinergic muscarinic receptors at synapses. PMID- 7260604 TI - Electrophysiological evidence favoring intracaudate axon collaterals of GABAergic caudate output neurons in the cat. AB - Stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus in the cat was shown to evoke inhibitory responses with a short onset-latency in the caudate nucleus isolated from its afferents. These inhibitory responses are shown to be GABAergic, and some of them are suggested to be monosynaptic in nature. PMID- 7260605 TI - Met-enkephalin concentrations in individual brain nuclei of ansa lenticularis and stria terminalis transected rats. PMID- 7260606 TI - Distributive profiles of free and protein-incorporated tryptophan and valine in cerebral cortex slices from adult and 2-day-old rats. AB - The distribution of the specific radioactivity and the incorporation into protein of [3H]tryptophan and [3H]valine at varying layers from surface to centre were measured in incubated slices of cerebral cortices from infant and adult rats. Specific radioactivity in free amino acids was in both age groups highest in the intact surface layer. Incorporation of tryptophan into protein was even in slices from adult rats but much less than the average in the surface layers in slices from infant rats. Incorporation of valine exhibited similar heterogeneity in both age groups. The results suggest in brain slice preparations a zonal compartmentation of amino acid and protein metabolism which varies for different amino acids. PMID- 7260607 TI - Marked and selective suppression of prolactin secretion after interruption of neural connections of the medial basal hypothalamus of the rat. AB - To study the importance of neural connections of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) in mediating the prolactin (Prl) response to stress, adult male rats were subjected to complete, anterior or posterior surgical disconnection of the MBH. Complete MBH disconnection blocked, while anterior MBH disconnection significantly attenuated the effects of leg restraint and ether exposure on Prl responses. Similar effects were noted with regard to Prl responses to morphine and chlorpromazine, two potent stimulators of Prl secretion, indicating that the deficits were not specific for stressful stimuli. None of the surgical procedures significantly compromised the response of growth hormone or corticosterone to morphine, ruling out the possibility of surgically-induced panhypopituitarism. Pituitary stores of Prl were reduced in the groups with complete and anterior MBH disconnection at autopsy at 18 weeks. These results indicate that anterolateral neural connections of the MBH are important for maintaining adequate levels of pituitary Prl or mediating the stimuli for Prl secretory responses. These effects may involve alterations in the regulation of Prl-inhibiting factor or Prl stimulating factor. PMID- 7260608 TI - Increased receptive field size of dorsal horn neurons following chronic spinal cord hemisections in cats. AB - The somatotopic organization of the 17 dorsal horn was studied using extra cellular recordings in normal cats, and in cats with acute or chronic spinal cord hemisection at T13, sparing the dorsal columns. Based on data concerning recovery of function and collateral sprouting of afferents following hemisections, we predicted that the lesion would result in increases in receptive field size and decreases in the specificity of the somatotopic map. In normal animals, the usual mediolateral, rostrocaudal and dorsoventral somatotopic sequences were found. Following acute hemisections (6 h-5 days), there were changes in spontaneous and evoked activity, but receptive field sizes and somatotopic organization remained unchanged. Following chronic hemisections (88-174 days), proximal hindlimb receptive fields in the lateral dorsal horn ipsilateral to the lesion increased dramatically in size and were significantly larger than similar receptive fields on the contralateral side. The largest of these fields extended from the dorsal midline to the middle of the foot. Receptive field sizes elsewhere in the dorsal horn remained unchanged, as did somatotopic organization in general. These findings indicate that hemisections result in a complex series of changes consisting of an early stage of anatomically generalized changes in excitability and a later stage of highly localized changes in receptive field size. Possible mechanisms for these changes, as well as their relationship to recovery of function, are discussed. PMID- 7260609 TI - The cortical projection of the dorsal raphe nucleus: some electrophysiological and pharmacological properties. AB - The effect of repetitive stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) on the firing of spontaneously active neurons of the rostral and posterior cingulate cortex was investigated in untreated and serotonin-depleted rats under chloral hydrate anesthesia. In the untreated animals, the action of microiontophoretically administered serotonin (5-HT) on cell firing was compared with the transsynaptically elicited effects. In the untreated animals, the main transsynaptic effect on neurons of all cell layers of both the rostral and cingulate cortex was an inhibitory one. In the cingulate cortex 50-70% of the neurons were depressed, and in the rostral cortex 30-60% responded with a temporary arrest of their discharge frequency to DRN stimulation. In contrast, only 5-10% of frontal neurons and 0-5% of the cingulate neurons were activated under these conditions. The inhibitory, transsynaptic effect on cingulate and rostral cortical cells was mimicked im most instances by microiontophoretically administered 5-HT. In the cingulate cortex 92% of the neurons and in the rostral cortex 70% of the neurons inhibited by DRN stimulation were depressed by locally administered 5-HT. The majority of the neurons activated by DRN stimulation were also depressed by microiontophoretically applied 5-HT. Furthermore, some 75% of the neurons in the cingulate and some 47% of all neurons tested in the rostral cortex that were not inhibited by DRN stimulation, were also depressed by microiontophoretically applied 5-HT. The peripheral 5-HT antagonists methysergide, cyproheptadine and GP 50 302, administered intraperitoneally, were found to be potent antagonists of transsynaptically elicited inhibitory effects in the cingulate cortex. The depressant action of microiontophoretically administered 5-HT on cingulate cortical neurons was antagonized by all three microiontophoretically administered 5-HT antagonists. In conclusion, the results of the present study are in keeping with recent anatomical observations demonstrating that the entire cortex is densely innervated by 5-HT axons reaching all cell layers. It is shown that these fibers exert an inhibitory influence on the activity of a high percentage of neurons in different layers of the rostral and cingulate cortex. PMID- 7260610 TI - Retinotectal connections within the superficial layers of the cat's superior colliculus. AB - Intracellular staining of neurons located in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC) of the cat was carried out through an intracellular recording micropipette with which responses to stimulation of the optic chiasm (OX) and the optic tract (OT) ipsilateral to the explored SC were recorded. :A total of 16 SC neurons were successfully stained. Retinotectal fibers which were synaptically connected to those morphologically identified neurons were classified as either W- or Y-fibers according to their conduction velocities. The conduction velocity of W-fibers ranged from 4.0 to 13.1 m/sec and that of Y fibers from 35.5 to 42.0 m/sec. Neurons located in the upper part of the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) were found to be monosynaptically or polysynaptically supplied by W-fibers, while some neurons located in the lower part of SGS were monosynaptically connected to Y-fibers and others monosynaptically or polysynaptically to W-fibers. Morphologically SC neurons were classified as horizontal (1), narrow-field vertical (3), wide-field vertical type II (6) and type III cells (3) with 3 unidentified neurons. W-fibers were connected to the horizontal, narrow-field vertical and wide-field vertical type-II cells while Y fibers contacted only wide-field vertical type-III cells. PMID- 7260611 TI - Free and conjugated dopamine in human ventricular fluid. AB - Free dopamine and an acid hydrolyzable conjugate of dopamine were measured in human ventricular fluid specimens with a radioenzymatic assay and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Only trace amounts of free norepinephrine and dopamine were detected in ventricular fluid from patients with movement disorders. When the ventricular fluid was hydrolyzed by heating in HClO4 by lyophilization in dilute HClO4, however, a substantial amount of free dopamine was released. Values for free plus conjugated dopamine in ventricular fluid from patients who had never taken L-DOPA ranged from 139 to 340 pg/ml when determined by HPLC and from 223 to 428 pg/ml when measured radioenzymatically. The correlation coefficient for values obtained by the two methods in the same sample of CSF was 0.94 (P less than 0.001). Patients who had been treated with L-DOPA had higher levels of conjugated dopamine in their ventricular CSF which correlated inversely with the time between the last dose of L-DOPA and withdrawal of the ventricular fluid. Additionally, one patient with acute cerebral trauma had elevated levels of free norepinephrine and both free and conjugated dopamine in his ventricular fluid. Conjugation may be an important inactivation pathway for released dopamine in man. PMID- 7260612 TI - A direct projection from Ammon's horn to prefrontal cortex in the rat. AB - A topographically organized input to layers I and V of the infralimbic area from the temporal half of field CA1 of Ammon's horn has been demonstrated in the rat with autoradiographic and fluorescent retrograde tracer methods. Double-labeling studies with the fluorescent dyes True blue and bisbenzimide indicate that most of the pyramidal cells in field CA1 that project to the infralimbic area also send an axon collateral to the entorhinal area. This is the first demonstration of a projection from Ammon's horn to a cortical region outside of the hippocampal formation. PMID- 7260613 TI - Anatomical organization of neurons descending from the supraesophageal ganglion of the lobster. AB - A population of somata in the supraesophageal ganglion of the lobster was filled by retrograde diffusion of cobalt through the circumesophageal connectives. These somata are located predominantly in the dorsal anterior median region of the protocerebrum. They are organized into a contralateral and two ipsilateral clusters. These 3 clusters include approximately one-half of the neurons in the dorsal anterior median region. PMID- 7260614 TI - Effect of stimulation of the putamen on the substantia nigra in the cat. AB - The function of the putamen has been investigated in the cat by stimulating the nucleus electrically and recording from neurons of the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. It was found that putaminonigral fibers were, at least partly, inhibitory in nature and that they exerted this inhibition monosynaptically on nigral neurons. PMID- 7260615 TI - Gap junctions on CA3 pyramidal cells of guinea pig hippocampus shown by freeze fracture. AB - In freeze-fracture replicas of the hippocampus of guinea pig, gap junctions were found on membranes identified as belonging to the apical dendrites or somata of the CA3 pyramidal cells. The junctions were not part of mixed synapses. It is concluded that adjacent pyramidal cells, which in places lacked an interposed glial sheath are electrically coupled. PMID- 7260616 TI - Evidence for involvement of the frontal cortex in pain-related cerebral events in cats: increase in local cerebral blood flow by noxious stimuli. AB - Noxious stimuli were shown to induce a remarkable increase in local cerebral blood flow restricted to the forepart of the cerebral hemispheres bilaterally anterior to the posterior sigmoid gyrus in cats. This increase in local cerebral blood flow was averted by lesions in the bilateral ventromedial thalamus and attenuated by pretreatment with an intraventricular injection of 6 hydroxydopamine. PMID- 7260617 TI - Spinal cord conduction pathway for cerebellar evoked potentials from C-fibers. AB - Evoked responses from saphenous nerve C fiber stimulation were identified on the ipsilateral intermediate cerebellar cortex. This late potential has a latency between 180 and 250 msec, duration 50-70 msec, and an amplitude 10-20 micro V. The potential is conducted in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant as determined by differential section of the spinal cord. The probable pathway is assigned to the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. PMID- 7260618 TI - Evidence that melatonin retention by the neonatal rat is greatly increased as compared to the adult: a novel biochemical mechanism. AB - Melatonin, an anti-gonadotropic pineal hormone, is known to have a very short half-life in the adult animal. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the fate of melatonin in the neonate is different from that of the adult rat. Groups of 5-day-old rats were injected intraperitoneally with [3H]melatonin. The animals were killed at 10, 60 and 90 min intervals following the injections and the livers and brains immediately removed and homogenized. A high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of the liver and brain extracts revealed that in sharp contrast to the rapid disappearance of melatonin in the adult, melatonin disappearance in the neonate is greatly decreased. PMID- 7260619 TI - Spatial memory following damage to hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells with kainic acid: impairment and recovery with preoperative training. AB - The behavioral function of an intrinsic component of the hippocampus was investigated. Neurotoxic lesions of the CA3 region of the hippocampus impaired performance of a spatial memory task, and produced both hyperactivity and hyperreactivity to sensory stimulation. Both the magnitude and duration of these behavioral alterations depended on the amount of preoperative training received, and on the extent and locus of the lesion within the CA3 subfield. This study indicates that the CA3 subfield contributes to the performance of aat least three behavioral functions known to be mediated by the hippocampus. In addition, the lack of enduring deficits in the behavioral tests in which preoperative training was received suggests that, after loss of the CA3 subfield, some mechanism for recovery of function occurs within the hippocampus. PMID- 7260620 TI - Taste responses in the superior secondary gustatory nucleus of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L. AB - Single unit discharges in the superior secondary gustatory nucleus of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L., were studied electrophysiologically in response to chemical stimulation of the external chemoreceptors of the facial skin surface. Of 36 gustatory neurons recorded, 80.6% were facilitated by taste stimuli and 19.4% were inhibited. The gustatory neurons were classified according to their responsiveness to the 4 basic taste substances and, except the inhibitory type, did not differ remarkably from the primary and secondary gustatory neurons. More inhibitory type (19.4%) neurons occurred at higher levels of the gustatory system. As in the primary and secondary levels, sodium chloride and acetic acid solutions were more effective stimuli than quinine HCl and sucrose. The ascending secondary gustatory fibers project bilaterally to the superior gustatory nucleus of the carp. About 20% of the gustatory neurons respond to stimulation of only the contralateral facial skin while 27.8% respond to stimulation of either side of the face. The latter neuron type showed very complicated responses, and were classified into 'Uniform', 'Summation', 'Contra. greater than Ipsi.' and 'Quality field' types. The remaining 50% of the neurons respond only to stimulation on the ipsilateral side. PMID- 7260621 TI - Peripheral neural basis of tactile sensations in man: I. Effect of frequency and probe area on sensations elicited by single mechanical pulses on hairy and glabrous skin of the hand. AB - Tactile thresholds and sensation magnitudes for single mechanical pulses of varying frequency and probe area were studied in order to provide psychophysical data for correlations of tactile sensations with functional properties of different types of human peripheral nerve fibers. Single mechanical pulses were delivered to the hairy or glabrous skin of the hand by means of a perspex probe (area 0.07, 0.7, 3.1, or 12.5 sq.-mm) fixed to the moving coil of an electromechanical vibrator. The frequency of the single pulse was 20, 60 or 150 HZ. Absolute and touch thresholds were measured with a method of production. Suprathreshold sensations were measured with the method of magnitude estimation (6 predetermined displacement amplitudes ranging from 50 to 950 micrometers). Both absolute and touch thresholds were significantly higher on the hairy than on the glabrous skin. The absolute thresholds varied between 44 and 140 micrometers on the hairy and between 9 and 45 micrometers on the glabrous skin; the touch threshold varied between 75 and 300 micrometers and 24 and 153 micrometers, respectively. Lower threshold values were obtained on both skin areas with increasing frequency of the pulse and probe area, the latter effect being significant only for the hairy skin. Standardized magnitude estimation functions could be described with power functions on both skin areas, the exponents of the functions varying between 0.70 and 1.41 on the hairy and between 0.55 and 0.86 on the glabrous skin. The equi-sensation contours showed the difference of sensitivity between the skin areas. Larger sensation magnitudes were obtained with increasing frequency of the pulse and probe area on both skin areas. These psychophysical findings indicate that there is a functional difference at absolute sensation thresholds between hairy and glabrous skin. This difference, however, disappears at higher sensation levels. PMID- 7260622 TI - Peripheral neural basis of tactile sensations in man: II. Characteristics of human mechanoreceptors in the hairy skin and correlations of their activity with tactile sensations. AB - Properties of the human mechanoreceptors in the hairy skin of the back of the hand were studied by microelectrode measurements from the radial nerve. Correlations of unit activity with sensations elicited by tactile pulses (single cycle sinusoids of 20, 60 and 150 HZ) were examined with simultaneous measurements of unit activity and sensation thresholds and magnitude. A total of 264 mechanoreceptive units were identified. Of all units 66% were classified as slowly adapting (SA) and 34% as rapidly adapting (RA) units. Mechanical thresholds of the units as well as simultaneously measured sensation thresholds decreased with increasing frequency of the pulse. The thresholds of several SA units were identical with the subjective thresholds. The responses of the units to supraliminal pulses consisted maximally of 7 impulses. Most SAI and RA units were able to code to some extent the stimulus amplitude on the basis of number of impulses, but only RA units had stimulus-response functions indicating velocity coding. Comparisons of the estimates of sensation magnitude with the number of impulses in the response indicated that the estimate may be based mainly on activity in a population of RA units. The comparison of the present results with earlier reports on properties of receptors in the glabrous skin of the human hand indicates that there are some differences between the characteristics of receptors in the hairy and glabrous skin. However, human receptors in the hairy skin do not seem to differ from the corresponding receptors in the animals. PMID- 7260623 TI - Naloxone-reversible analgesia produced by microstimulation in the rat medulla. AB - Using microstimulation of the rostral medulla in the barbiturate-anesthetized rat, a map was constructed of loci for inhibition of the tail-flick response to noxious heat. Low threshold sites (less than or equal to 10 microA) were found in both the nucleus raphe magnus and the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis. Chronaxie determinations indicate that analgesia was not produced by activation of large myelinated axons of passage. Systemic naloxone only antagonized the inhibition generated from stimulation at low threshold sites. Inhibition from higher threshold sites, for example from the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, was not naloxone reversible. Depending on the area stimulated, either an opioid-or a non-opioid-mediated inhibition results from microstimulation within the rat medulla. PMID- 7260624 TI - Evolution of inner-ear auditory apparatus in the frog. AB - The morphology of typical anuran amphibian papillae is thoroughly distinct from that of urodeles. However, the morphological discontinuity lies not between the frogs and the salamanders, but between the most primitive living frog, Ascaphus truei, and the more derived anurans. Three features distinguishing the papillae of more derived anurans from that of Ascaphus apparently provide peripheral tonotopy in the former. The adaptive significance of a fourth feature, kinociliary bulbs, is not clear. PMID- 7260625 TI - Mapping of the auditory area in the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres of the little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. AB - Mapping of auditory area in the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres of little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus, shows that a large area of the bat's cerebellum contains units responding to acoustic stimuli. These units had latencies between 4 and 34 msec and best frequencies between 33.0 and 92.5 kHZ. The Q10-dB values of their tuning curves ranged from 2.0 to 19.7. Most of the units studied fired only a few impulses during a stimulus with minimum thresholds between 22 and 90 dB SPL. Units in the cerebellar vermis tend to have higher best frequencies and shorter latencies than those in the cerebellar hemispheres. However, there is no evidence of clear tonotopic organization therein. PMID- 7260626 TI - Behavior of the long-latency stretch reflex prior to voluntary movement. AB - Attempts to elicit stretch reflexes from the 'relaxed' human long thumb flexor were made at various times prior to the onset of a voluntary contraction of that muscle. When the muscle was fully relaxed, there were no short or long-latency responses at the rates of stretch employed (about 600 degrees/sec). Without complete relaxation there was a small long-latency response, which occasionally increased in amplitude as the time for voluntary activation approached. This augmentation seemed to be a result of a subtle parallel augmentation of background EMG, anticipating the major voluntary contraction, thereby increasing the gain of the long-latency stretch response. PMID- 7260627 TI - Distribution of AChE in cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons. AB - Intracellular and surface acetylcholinesterase activities were determined for individual cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons dissected from the central nervous system of the leech. Echothiophate pretreatment was used to inhibit selectively extracellular enzyme. Cells releasing acetylcholine as a transmitters had approximately 10-fold higher levels of intracellular acetylcholinesterase activity, while all neurons had similar levels of activity associated with the cell surface. These results suggest that intracellular cholinesterase may be a useful marker for cholinergic neurons. PMID- 7260628 TI - Trypsin separates synaptic junctions to reveal pre- and post-synaptic concanavalin A receptors. PMID- 7260629 TI - Comparison of the recruitment and discharge properties of motor units in human brachial biceps and adductor pollicis during isometric contractions. AB - Experiments were designed to assess the relative contribution of rate coding and motor unit recruitment to force production in two muscles of different fiber composition and function. Single motor unit action potentials were recorded during steady isometric contraction in biceps brachii, a large proximal limb muscle of mixed fiber composition, and adductor pollicis, a small hand muscle comprised mainly of type I muscle fibers. Action potential spike trains were obtained over the entire force range in each muscle. The results suggest that these two muscles are controlled in different ways. In biceps brachii, recruitment was observed from 0 to 88% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). In adductor pollicis, no motor unit was observed to be recruited at forces greater than 50% MVC, with the majority of recruitment occurring below 30% MVC. On the average, motor units in adductor pollicis discharged at higher rates, with less regularity, and with a greater frequency of occurrence of short interspike intervals (intervals less than or equal to 20 msec) than those in biceps brachii. Such findings suggest that rate coding plays a more prominent role in force modulation in adductor pollicis, while recruitment plays a more important role throughout the contractile force range in biceps brachii. PMID- 7260630 TI - Fine structure of the central myelin sheath in the myelin deficient mutant Shiverer mouse, with special reference to the pattern of myelin formation by oligodendroglia. AB - The central myelin sheaths of the recessive autosomal mutant mouse, Shiverer, were investigated by electron microscopy with special reference to the pattern of myelin formation. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: (1) the major dense line of myelin lamellae generally failed to be formed, but the axons were enclosed by tri-lamellar structures of about 14 nm in width, which were composed of one central membrane formed by fusion of outer leaflets of adjacent cytoplasmic sheets of oligodendroglia, corresponding to the intraperiod line, and two outer membranes which were identical with inner leaflets of adjacent cytoplasmic sheets and became highly electron-dense. However, major dense lines were sporadically observed; (2) the myelin sheath was not generally formed by spiralling of one cytoplasmic process of the oligodendroglia, but by enclosing an axon with several stratified layers of cytoplasmic sheets, some of which were certainly formed by the splitting of one process; and (3) aberrant myelination frequently occurred around the soma of oligodendroglia, not related to any axons. PMID- 7260631 TI - Corticopontine projections of the lateral suprasylvian cortex: de-emphasis of the central visual field. AB - Layer V pyramidal cells of the cat lateral suprasylvian visual areas project to the pontine nuclei. Although all 6 of the suprasylvian visual areas project to the pons, the densest projections are from 3 areas: anterior medial lateral suprasylvian (AMLS), posterior medial lateral suprasylvian (PMSL) and ventral lateral suprasylvian (VLS). The organization of the corticopontine pathway from one of these areas (PMLS) suggests a disproportionate representation of the peripheral visual fields. This pattern of projection would serve to de-emphasize the central visual field. PMID- 7260632 TI - Single-unit activity in the auditory cortex of monkeys actively localizing sound sources: spatial tuning and behavioral dependency. AB - Single-unit recordings were made from the auditory cortex of unanesthetized rhesus monkeys which were trained to perform a second localization task. Recordings were made from 196 units in 4 animals. Five sound sources were located at 0 degrees (midline) and on either side at azimuths of 37.5 degrees and 75 degrees. Almost most units responded to each of the 5 sources, 49% of the units had peak firing rates for the source on the contralateral side at 75% azimuth. Another 26% of the units had peak firing rates at the 37.5 degrees contralateral location, while only 11% had peak rates for the ipsilateral locations. In order to determine whether the behavior of actively locating a sound source affected units in auditory cortex, response rates compared under two behavioral conditions: one which required the detection of a sound regardless of location and another condition which required identification of a sound's location. of the 196 units, 16 had different response rates for the two conditions, with 15 of the 16 units having higher evoked rates in the localization task. For the 16 units, the difference in firing rate was typically observed for a single speaker location. No correlation could be determined between a unit's location within the subdivisions of auditory cortex and its spatial tuning response properties or its dependency upon behavioral condition. PMID- 7260633 TI - [Somatotopic relations between the olfactory mucosa and the olfactory bulb in the triton]. AB - The axons of receptors located in the olfactory neuroepithelium are known to synapse with mitral cell dendrites in the glomerular layer of the ipsilateral olfactory bulb, but few previous studies showed a clear-cut topological organization of this projection. We therefore injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into restricted areas of the olfactory mucosa in adult tritons, Triturus cristatus. The animals were perfused with glutaraldehyde 17 h later; the mucosa, the olfactory nerve and bulb were removed, serially cut and treated with diaminobenzidine to reveal the localization and extent of the injection and the areas in the glomerular layer of the bulb to which the injected HRP had been transported by anterograde axonal flow. Small injections of HRP tended to label a small area in the bulb, while larger injections projected to a wider zone. The results also indicated the existence of an orderly projection, with a transposition of the dorso-ventral axis of the neuroreceptor sheet into an essentially anteroposteriorly oriented axis in the bulb. Thus, the dorsally located areas of the olfactory mucosa project to the most anterior part of the glomerular layer, whereas the vomero-nasal mucosa, which is located near the most lateral part of the ventral mucosa, projections to the posterior enlargement of the glomerular layer in the bulb. The data also showed that nerve bundles within the olfactory nerve maintain are orderly position which depends upon their origin. It is postulated that this somatopic organization reflects the development undergone by the peripheral olfactory system during ontogenesis. PMID- 7260634 TI - The responses of I beta cells to increases in the rate of lung inflation. AB - The activity of inspiratory cells in the region of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) was recorded extracellularly in paralyzed, artificially ventilated cats either during chloralose-urethane anesthesia or following midcollicular decerebration. Twenty-three of the 68 inspiratory cells recorded in the region of the NTS were classified as I beta cells on the basis of their response to withholding lung inflation. The dynamic sensitivity of I beta cells was determined by studying their response to increases in the rate of lung inflation at constant peak volume. The I beta cells in this study showed 3 distinct patterns of response to increases in the rate of inflation. Five cells showed no change in firing pattern (fixed firing pattern). Ten cells showed an increase in the rate of rise of cell activity but no change in peak frequency (low dynamic sensitivity). Eight cells showed increases in both the rate of rise of cell activity and peak frequency (high dynamic sensitivity). It was concluded that I beta cells are not a functionally homogeneous population, at least in terms of their dynamic sensitivity. Cells showing fixed firing patterns have the characteristics of off-switch neurons. Cells with low levels of dynamic sensitivity may receive afferents from pulmonary stretch receptors. Cells showing a high degree of dynamic sensitivity may receive afferents from rapidly adapting receptors. The fact that I beta cells are not a functionally homogeneous population may explain the many divergent observations reported from studies of these cells. PMID- 7260635 TI - Regional distribution of cholinergic parameters within the rat striatum. AB - The topographical distribution of choline acetyltransferase, muscarinic receptor binding and high affinity choline uptake was studied in 21 separate areas of the rat striatum. The areas of the nucleus chosen represented dorsolateral, dorsomedial, ventrolateral and ventromedial regions along the rostrocaudal aspect of the striatum, such that a three-dimensional distribution of the cholinergic parameters could be obtained. Within any given rostrocaudal section, no significant dorsoventral differences were noted for any of the cholinergic parameters. On the other hand, marked differences were found in a comparison of the medial and lateral striatum. Choline acetyltransferase, muscarinic receptor binding and high affinity choline uptake were more concentrated in the lateral striatum than the medial striatum, and the magnitude of this medio-lateral disparity increased from rostral to caudal regions of the nucleus. The lateral striatum exhibited no significant rostrocaudal variations in the cholinergic parameters; however, the medial portion of the striatum did exhibit differences along its rostrocaudal extent, with the rostral-most sections being enriched relative to the more caudal sections. These results suggest that the cholinergic system in the striatum is heterogeneously distributed within this nucleus, with the lateral portion possessing a greater cholinergic innervation than the medial portion. They further suggest that future neurochemical studies of cholinergic alterations in the striatum should include a consideration of the possibility of regional effects within the nucleus rather than treating the striatum as a homogeneous tissue. PMID- 7260636 TI - Uptake and retention of androgen in neurons of the brain of the golden hamster. AB - The distribution of cells capable of concentrating androgen was studied in the male hamster after injection of 5 alpha-dihydro-[1,2,4,5,6,7,(n) 3H]testosterone([3H]DHT) using the technique of thaw-mount autoradiography. Castrated adult male hamsters were injected with 0.2 microgram/100 g body weight of [3H]DHT (107 Ci/mmol) and killed 1.5 h later. Brains were rapidly removed and processed for autoradiography. Localization of radioactivity in high concentrations occurred chiefly in limbic forebrain structures and hypothalamic nuclei associated with the control of reproductive function including the following areas: the septal-preoptic region, the amygdala, and the anterior, ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus. In addition, labeled cells in lesser concentrations were found in the lateral preoptic area, lateral hypothalamus, hippocampus, mesencephalon and various cortical regions. Treatment with 100-fold excess of testosterone, but not estradiol or diethylstilbestrol, inhibited nuclear localization. These studies provide information on the precise anatomical localization of androgen concentrating cells in the hamster brain and demonstrate the similarity of distribution of androgen binding in the rat, mouse and hamster. PMID- 7260637 TI - Growth of adult superior cervical ganglion explants in serum-free media. AB - Neurite outgrowth from explants of superior cervical ganglion from adult rats can be achieved in a serum-free medium. Extensive neurite outgrowth occurred from ganglion explants maintained in Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with either 10% (V/V) fetal calf serum or 1% (W/V) bovine serum albumin and nerve growth factor. After one week in culture, the ATP content of explants maintained in the serum-free medium was slightly higher than that noted in explants cultured in the presence of fetal calf serum and amounts of phosphocreatine were significantly lower. Despite these differences in high energy phosphate content, the abundance and morphology of neuritic outgrowth were essentially the same from explants cultured in the two types of media. Comparable activities of a number of NADP+-dependent dehydrogenases were noted in explants maintained in the two types of media. Increases in the activities of the oxidative enzymes of the pentose pathway, which occur in axotomized ganglia in vivo, were observed in the cultured ganglion explants. NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity remained constant in ganglion explants in vitro, and measurements of this activity were employed in a new method to quantitate neurite outgrowth. The activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase in lyophilized neurite processes that had grown out onto a Millipore filter substrate correlated well with visual estimates of neuritic outgrowth. Substitution of delipidated for normal bovine serum albumin in the growth medium resulted in a significant decrease in neuritic outgrowth from ganglion explants from both adult and weanling rats. Addition of fatty acids to media containing delipidated bovine serum albumin enhanced neuritic outgrowth in explants of weanling rats. Thus, lipophilic substances bound to bovine serum albumin including fatty acids appear necessary for optimal growth of neurites from explants of the rat superior cervical ganglion. PMID- 7260638 TI - Central location of the motoneurons supplying the thyrohyoid and the geniohyoid muscles as demonstrated by horseradish peroxidase method. AB - After HRP injection into the geniohyoid muscle labeled neurons were found in the ventral part of the hypoglossal nucleus, extending in the rostral two-thirds (about) of this nucleus. After HRP injection in to the thyrohyoid muscle, the labeled neurons were identified in the lateral part of the caudal one-third (about) of the hypoglossal nucleus and in the dorsomedial part of the ventral horn of C1. PMID- 7260639 TI - A demonstration of several independent, partially overlapping, retinotopic maps in the optic tract of the cat. AB - We show here that the retina in the cat's optic tract by several separate, retino topically organized maps. Fibers in different diameter classes form independent maps, and both hemi-retinae of the opposite side, as well as the temporal retina of the same side, are mapped in the tract. These several maps form rough topographic representations significantly out of register with each other. PMID- 7260640 TI - Effects of one- and two-stage lesions of the posterior hypothalamus on temperature regulation in the rat. AB - Rats received 1-stage bilateral and sequential unilateral (serial) lesions of the posterior hypothalamus and were tested for the ability to regulate body temperature after a lengthy recovery period. The groups with lesion differed from the sham-operated groups in the cold, although not under ambient or warm conditions. The fact that the serial lesion group performed the same as the 1 stage lesion groups in the cold is significant because earlier tests on these same animals revealed much better recovery after serial lesions in swimming, and a partial serial lesion effect in open field performance. PMID- 7260641 TI - Norepinephrine reduces excitability of single cutaneous primary afferent C-fibers in the cat spinal cord. AB - An excitability testing procedure of single afferent C-fibers was used to study possible presynaptic actions of norepinephrine (NE) applied to locally at the intraspinal sites of minimal threshold for their antidromic activation in spinalized cats. NE, applied by iontophoresis and/or pressure microinjection, produced dose-related increases in threshold for antidromic activation in 44 of 65 C-fibers. It was concluded that in addition to previously shown postsynaptic depressant action, NE reduces excitability of intraspinal cutaneous C-fibers. PMID- 7260642 TI - Quantitative developmental studies of feline neostriatal spiny neurons. AB - This research documents aspects of the quantitative development of the 'medium' spiny neuron in the kitten from 2 to 143 days of age. Using material derived from 244 Golgi-impregnated neurons in 15 kittens and with computer assistance the changes in somatic, dendritic and spine development were quantified. Although mean somatic diameter increased only slightly from 2--3 to 8--10 days of age, the proportion of neurons with large diameters increased significantly during the developmental period. In addition, the radius of the dendritic field of caudate spiny neurons increased significantly over the age period examined. An unexpected finding was that the number of dendrites per neuron decreased with age, probably due to a decrease in the proportion of neurons with 6 or more dendrites in animals 90--143 days of age. Growth of dendritic segments occurred throughout the age period studied. This growth was apparently caused by lengthening of all dendritic segments and this resulting increase was proportional to the initial length of the individual branches. Number of branches per dendrite and frequency of dendritic branches with different orders remained constant across age indicating that the basic dendritic branching pattern is probably set for the cat before birth. With maturation the density of spines on distal dendritic branches increased while on proximal dendritic branches spine density decreased. The time course of these quantitative changes was related to alterations in synaptogenesis and physiological changes in caudate neurons. PMID- 7260643 TI - Prenatal ethanol exposure permanently reduces the number of pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampus. AB - The effect of prenatal ethanol exposure in the rat on the development of dorsal hippocampal pyramidal and dentate gyrus granule cells was examined. Ethanol was administered in a nutritionally adequate liquid diet to pregnant rats during days 10--21 of gestation. Control groups were either pair-fed the same liquid diet, except for equicaloric substitution of sucrose for ethanol, or received free access to pelleted laboratory food. The brains of 60-day-old offspring exposed to ethanol during gestation were found to have 20% fewer dorsal hippocampal pyramidal cells than did those of controls. Prenatal ethanol exposure, however, did not affect the number of dentate gyrus granule cells. Prenatal exposure to ethanol permanently reduced the number of prenatally formed hippocampal neurons without altering physical growth, which suggested that the developing nervous system is particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of ethanol. PMID- 7260644 TI - Neurotrophic substance develops tetrodotoxin-sensitive action potential and increases curare-sensitivity of acetylcholine response in cultured rat myotubes. AB - We examined the trophic effects of a partially purified trophic substance from mouse spinal cord extract on the tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitivity of action potentials and on acetylcholine-sensitivity of rat skeletal myotubes in 7- and 8 day-old cultures. Many myotubes grown in control medium generate action potentials in the presence of TTX (10(-6) M). The addition of fraction E (Fr.E) from a Biogel P2 column, which exhibited trophic activity on adult denervated muscle in organ culture, decreased TTX-resistivity of action potentials of myotubes in cell culture. The trophic substance was also effective when further purified by paper chromatography and electrophoresis. The response to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine of Fr.E-treated myotubes was much more reduced by D-tubocurarine (10(-7) g/ml) than those of control cultured myotubes. No difference in morphological differentiation, protein synthesis, creatine phosphokinase activity or specific binding of [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin was observed between control and Fr.E-treated cultures. These results suggest that the trophic substance in Fr.E may be involved in the normal development of TTX sensitive sodium channels and of acetylcholine receptor properties. PMID- 7260645 TI - Increased activity of ornithine decarboxylase in goldfish following optic nerve crush. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity increased in goldfish retina, brain, and kidney several days following unilateral intraorbital optic nerve crush. Activity in both retinas followed a similar time course, an elevation being first detectable 3 days following crush, maximal on day 5 and returning to control levels by day 7. Increases were significantly higher in the retina on the lesioned side than in control retina. If one eye was surgically removed, a more prolonged elevation of ODC activity was seen in the remaining eye than was observed in control retinas following contralateral nerve crush. Sham operation or behavioral stress secondary to aversive electrical shock did not lead to significant increases in ODC activity in brain or retina. Explants of retinas whose optic nerve had been crushed 10--14 days prior to explantation, as well as those derived from the unlesioned side, showed increases in ODC activity following addition of beta-NGF to the medium. The response was greater in post crush retinas than in control retinas. These results taken together suggest an increased responsiveness of the regenerating retina to stimuli that lead to increased ODC activity. While the nature of the in vivo signal(s) may be complex, it is inferred that degenerative changes in the distal stump play a significant role. PMID- 7260646 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in retinal explants of goldfish undergoing optic nerve regeneration. AB - Retinal explants cultured in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS) exhibit an increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase which is maximal several hours after explantation. The measured activity of this enzyme is higher in explants of retinas whose optic nerve had been crushed several days previously (post-crush, PC) than in control (normal, N) retinas. The addition of rabbit antibodies against nerve growth factor (NGF) to the incubation medium does not block this stimulatory effect of FCS, a result suggesting that factors other than NGF present in FCS are responsible for the observed stimulation. An inhibitor of ODC synthesis, diaminopropane (DAP), and an irreversible inhibitor of ODC activity, alpha-DL-difluoromethylornithine (alpha-DFMO), each suppressed the FCS stimulated ODC activity when added to the culture medium. Since FCS addition also promotes neuritic outgrowth from PC goldfish retinal explants, we explored the possible relationship of the stimulated ODC activity and the ability of explants to extend neurites. Concentrations of DAP or alpha-DFMO that block ODC activity also suppress neuritic outgrowth. Possible non-specific actions of the drugs unrelated to the block of ODC are examined. While the increases in OCD activity seen in PC and N goldfish retinas explanted into FCS-containing medium may be a requisite, they cannot be sufficient to support neuritic outgrowth. Intrinsic changes in the retinal explant secondary to crush of its optic nerve as well as factor(s) present in FCS that may be unrelated to the stimulation of ODC activity also appear necessary for neuritic outgrowth. PMID- 7260647 TI - The maturation of cortical serotonin binding sites. AB - Binding of serotonin to rat brain membranes increased linearly from birth to adulthood, but newborn receptor densities were already 39% of adult levels. These data suggest a postnatal development of serotonin receptors, coincident with synaptic maturation but do not preclude a non-transmitter function for serotonin during early maturation. PMID- 7260648 TI - The effects of dark-rearing on the development and plasticity of the lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - During a prolonged period of dark-rearing, lateral geniculate X-cells developed normal spatial resolving capacities and otherwise normal receptive field properties. Y-cells were reduced in frequency. Neither of these developmental processes were altered by subsequent monocular vision. In visual cortex, on the other hand, both the development of normal receptive field properties and the susceptibility to monocular deprivation were delayed by dark-rearing. PMID- 7260649 TI - Retinal toxicity of methylazoxymethanol acetate is developmentally specific. PMID- 7260650 TI - Specificity of tactile connections in neonatal cuneate nucleus. AB - In the neonatal kitten, cuneate neurones activated by tactile stimulation of the forelimb foot pads are divisible into 3 functional classes each of which appears to receive its glabrous skin input selectively from a single class of tactile receptors. Their properties suggest that the functionally specific patterns of tactile convergence characteristic of the adult cuneate nucleus are established by the time of birth. PMID- 7260651 TI - Differential functional ontogeny of dopamine presynaptic receptor regulation. AB - The ontogeny of dopamine (DA) presynaptic receptor regulation was examined neuropharmacologically in 7-, 14-, 21-, 28- and 35-day-old and adult rats. In striatum, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) significantly increased DA levels as early as 7 days postnatally; apomorphine attenuated this increase beginning at 14 days postnatally. However, in olfactory tubercles, no increase in DA was observed after GBL until 21 days postnatally, and not until 35 days postnatally was apomorphine consistently able to attenuate this increase. Thus, DA presynaptic receptors in mesolimbic regions may mature several weeks later than in striatum. PMID- 7260652 TI - Effect of peripheral deprivation on mammalian motoneurone development. AB - Foetal rat hindlimbs were removed at 18 days gestation to determine the effect of target tissue removal on the development of mammalian motoneurones. At 25 days postnatal there was a large reduction in the numbers of motoneurones with a corresponding drop in the activity of choline acetyltransferase as well as in the total protein content on the ipsilateral side of the spinal cord. These results show that in mammals, as in other vertebrates, the size of a neuronal population is regulated by the size of the peripheral field innervated. PMID- 7260653 TI - Recovery of orientation selectivity in kitten primary visual cortex is slowed down by bilateral section of ophthalmic trigeminal afferents. AB - The recovery of orientation selectivity in the primary visual cortex has been studied in 6-week-old dark-reared (DR) kittens after visual exposure of various durations following bilateral section of either the ophthalmic (V1) or the maxillary (V2) branches of the Vth nerve. After 6 h of vision, visual cortical neurones become orientation selective in V2-operated kittens as well as in intact animals, while they remain non-specific in V1-operated kittens. However, in this latter case, if the duration of visual exposure is extended to 4 weeks, a slow and incomplete recovery of orientation selectivity takes place. PMID- 7260654 TI - Prenatal schedule of appearance of mouse brain commissures. AB - Different inbred mouse strains and hybrid crosses develop at different rates prenatally, but when brains of fetuses with the same extent of external morphological maturity are compared, a very precise schedule of appearance of major fibre tracts at the mid-sagittal plane is apparent. Using fetuses ranging in age from 13.0 to 18.0 days, the general order or arrival of fibre tracts at midplane is: posterior commissure, optic chiasm, stria terminalis, habenular commissure, columns of the fornix, anterior commissure, hippocampal commissure and corpus callosum. The corpus callosum crosses midplane at least one full day after the other fibre tracts, and it crosses just dorsal to the hippocampal commissure. The data suggest that the interhemispheric fibres from neocortex which are prevented from crossing midplane in some BALB/c mice do not find an alternative pathway via the anterior commissure, as they do in many marsupials with no corpus callosum, because the anterior commissure forms about two days before the callosal fibres normally cross midplane and is relatively mature when the callosal fibres are diverted away from midplane. PMID- 7260655 TI - Role of the Staggerer gene in determining Purkinje cell number in the cerebellar cortex of mouse chimeras. AB - Staggerer (sg) is a mutation in mice which causes severe cerebellar atrophy. Virtually all of the granule cells degenerate by the end of the first postnatal month. The Purkinje cells are also affected. They are reduced in number, ectopic in location, reduced in size and show a regional variation in their cytological appearance. The appearance of the cerebellar cortex of Staggerer in equilibrium wild-type chimeric mice has demonstrated that the reduced size, ectopia, and regional variation are always traits of cells whose nucleus is of sg/sg genotype and thus are due to factors intrinsic to the affected cell. This report is a quantitative analysis of the cerebellar cortex of two Staggerer chimeras. Sections were chosen from serially sectioned half cerebella. Using beta glucuronidase activity as an independent marker of a cell's genotype, cells were scored as belonging to 1 of 3 cell classes: wild-type Purkinje cell, wild-type Golgi cell, and Staggerer medium-to-large neuron. The results confirm that the total number of cells in the chimera (all 3 classes) is greater than that found in a homozygous Staggerer but less than that found in a wild-type. Further, the distribution of the two genotypes strongly suggests that the decreased number of cells in Staggerer and in the chimera is due to an intrinsic defect in the Staggerer cells and not to a general (extrinsic) compromising of cerebellar development. Possible implications for normal cerebellar development are discussed. PMID- 7260656 TI - Oligodendrocytes from postnatal cat brain in cell culture. I. Regeneration and maintenance. AB - Oligodendrocytes isolated in bulk from white matter of cat brain (8-12 weeks of age) employing a Percoll gradient as the final purification step, were cultured and maintained for more than 10 weeks. Different parameters, e.g. coating material and the age of the animals appeared to have some influence on attachment rate and survival of the cells. Oligodendrocytes from older animals, or oligodendrocytes seeded into poly-L-lysine coated culture dishes revealed a marked tendency to form aggregates. Of the dispersed cells, 80-99% can be classified as oligodendrocytes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunocytochemical markers. Aggregates which were re-seeded consisted of more than 90% oligodendrocytes. About one day after attachment to the supporting layer the cells start to regenerate their processes which sometimes broaden at their ends into shovel-like, membranous extensions. PMID- 7260657 TI - Postnatal changes of GABAergic and glutamatergic parameters. AB - In the rat cortex and striatum, glutamate decarboxylase, a marker for GABAergic nerve terminals, increased almost linearly for the first postnatal month, in agreement with previous reports. High affinity GABA and glutamate transport appeared to develop earlier, reaching, respectively, 170-190% and 72-80% in adult rates by the fifteenth postnatal day. Glial and neuronal uptakes of GABA in infant and adult tissues were investigated using beta-alanine and cis-3 aminocyclohexane-carboxylic acid. The relatively high striatal uptake of GABA observed in 2-day-old rats was found to be mainly due to early development of neuronal rather than glial transport in this region. Both neuronal and glial uptake, however, contributed equally to the enhanced uptake of GABA obtained in both regions at day 15. Neuron/glia ratios were estimated to increase by more than 12-fold in the cortex, and about 4-fold in the striatum from newborns to adults. The present results also indicate that there may exist in the immature striatum some glioblasts which might accumulate beta-alanine but not GABA. The 2 fold developmental increase in ornithine aminotransferase activity is consistent with the hypothesis that this enzyme may be enriched in glutamatergic neurons. PMID- 7260658 TI - Cholera-toxin binding to cells of developing chick retina analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. AB - The occurrence of gangliosides on nerve cells of the developing retina was studied by fluorescence-activated cell analysis and sorting, using fluorescent cholera toxin as marker. This toxin binds to GM1; neuraminidase converts several other gangliosides into GM1. Without pretreatment by this enzyme weak binding of toxin is detected at later stages of development, whereas pretreatment leads to considerable toxin binding at earlier stages. The number of cells binding toxin as well as the amount bound per cell increase with developmental age of the retina. Cells binding a given amount of toxin vary strongly in size. Cell sorting was used to separate postmitotic cells from proliferating cells. Proliferating cells have little binding capacity, while postmitotic cells bind relatively large amounts of toxin. Localization of gangliosides which bind toxin in the developing retina was studied in cryostat sections. At an early stage (day 6) toxin binding is localized in the inner layer of the developing retina which contains the ganglion and other postmitotic cells, but is not found in the outer layer of matrix cells. At later stages complex staining patterns evolve with binding predominantly in the nerve fiber layers. PMID- 7260660 TI - A quantitative electron microscopic study on synapse formation in dissociated fetal rat cerebral cortex in vitro. AB - Occipital cortex of 19-day-old fetal rats was dissociated and cultured in vitro for 2-5 weeks in horse serum supplemented Eagle's MEM. The outgrowing neurons rapidly formed a dense network which started to degenerate after 3 weeks in vitro. By means of electron microscopy the numerical development of 6 different categories of synapses was followed during the time in culture. This approach revealed a sigmoid growth curve emerging over the first 3 weeks for the category of axo-dendritic synapses (which comprised the bulk of all synapses counted). Thereafter a decline in number set in. Chronic exposure of these dissociated cerebral cortex cultures to 50 microgram/ml xylocaine (a concentration adequate to block all measurable bioelectrical activity) did not prevent the formation of functional synaptic networks having normal synaptic ultrastructure. These results are in agreement with previous studies on fetal cerebral explants in culture. However, in some groups of our cultures, xylocaine led to a retardation in neurite outgrowth and in numerical synapse formation. Since these xylocaine effects were dose-related at a concentration double that required to silence the cultures, the growth retardation was probably not due to selective suppression of bioelectric activity, but rather to some general cytotoxic effect of the drug. In one of the xylocaine-treated groups (50 microgram/ml) which showed an exceptionally rapid neuronal outgrowth by the use of horse serum obtained from a different source than in the other groups, no deficit was noted in the number of synapses formed. Extracellular recording in this latter drug-treated group of cultures during the third week revealed (after return to control medium) spontaneous isolated action potentials, burst patterns and slow waves which were indistinguishable from the bioelectric activity seen in the control cultures. It is concluded that bioelectric activity in dissociated cortex cultures is not a prerequisite for the formation of apparently normal, functional synaptic networks. PMID- 7260659 TI - Ontogeny of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. I. Regional concentration in developing rat, monkey and human brain. AB - Steady state levels of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) were measured in whole brain and discrete regions of brain in developing and adult rat, monkey, and human brain. Postmortem changes in concentration of GHB in rat and human brain were also assessed. There were no significant postmortem changes in GHB under the conditions which the ontogeny experiments were done. The concentration of GHB was uniformly higher in the immature brains of the 3 species studied. In the rat the highest concentration was in immature hypothalamus and cortex with a significant decrease occurring between postnatal day 12 and 14. In human, the highest concentration was in fetal cerebellum and adult hypothalamus. Comparison of these data with published ontogeny data for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) suggest that there may be a source of GHB in brain other than GABA. PMID- 7260661 TI - Evidence that the early postnatal restriction of the cells of origin of the callosal projection is due to the elimination of axonal collaterals rather than to the death of neurons. AB - By using two fluorescent dyes that are retrogradely transported along axons, we have been able to demonstrate that many of the neurons in the parietal region of the rat cerebral cortex that can be labeled from the contralateral hemisphere early in postnatal development, persist well beyond the period when the callosal projection normally becomes restricted. This indicates that the major factor in the progressive restriction of the callosal projection is the withdrawal or degeneration of axon collaterals, rather than the selective death of many of the cells that initially project to the opposite side. PMID- 7260662 TI - [Electron microscopic analysis of bioptic specimens from the mucous membrane of the proximal jejunum of children with dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260663 TI - [Occurrence rate of salmonellosis in Bratislava over the years 1969 - 1978. II. Incidence of salmonellosis in 0-year-old children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260664 TI - [Phenylbutazone binding to serum of rats at weaning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260665 TI - [Diagnosis of hyperlipoproteinemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260666 TI - [Value of radiologic and endoscopic examinations in diagnosing diseases of the large intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260667 TI - [Interference of magnesium in reserpine and aminophenazone interaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260668 TI - [Roentgenologic and cardiologic findings in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260669 TI - [Sudden death of an adolescent toxicomaniac at sexual intercourse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260670 TI - [Remarks on the history of the suffix-itis]. PMID- 7260671 TI - [Contribution to statistical evaluation of data obtained during intermittent administration of drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260672 TI - [Concerning some problems of toxoplasmosis as a form of zoonosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260673 TI - [Free amino acids and peptides in the skin of guinea pigs in experimental contact toxic dermatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260674 TI - [Dermatoglyphic findings in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260675 TI - [Development of Osteoarticular tuberculosis in children studied in the city of Bratislava and in the West Slovakian Region over the years 1960-1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260676 TI - [Condition of newborn infants delivered after preterm escape of the aminotic fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260677 TI - [Our experiences in treating hematogenic and post-injury osteomyelitis by using immunoglobulin preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260678 TI - [Rare localizations of echinococci in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260679 TI - [In situ carcinoma of the mammary gland diagnosed by secretion cytology and bioptic sample roentgenogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260680 TI - [Prognostic value of the risk profile in the prevention of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7260681 TI - [Morphological control of macrophages isolated in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260682 TI - [Blood pressure in university students in Bratislava (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260683 TI - [Relapses of gonorrheal disease in subjects of both sexes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260684 TI - [Ultrasound in diagnosis of expansive processes of kidneys and retroperitoneum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260685 TI - [Clinical experiences with positive oxytocin load test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260686 TI - [Late spondylitic paraplegia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260687 TI - [Effect of bronchodilators on spastic bronchitis in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260688 TI - [Medical aspects of nuclear energy in Slovakia]. PMID- 7260689 TI - Compensatory growth and sexual maturity in broiler females reared under severe food restriction from day of hatching. AB - 1. Compensatory growth and the onset of lay were studied in White Rock broiler females severely restricted in food intake from day of hatching. 2. When changed to feeding ad libitum the restricted birds gained weight rapidly, but stabilised at a mean body weight 500 to 700 g less than that of controls fed ad libitum. Egg production was similar to that of controls. 3. Birds maintained at low mean body weight ( 2 224 g at 42 weeks) by continued restriction did not come into lay. In groups maintained at somewhat higher mean body weights (2 300 to 2 700 g) for period of up to a year, some birds came into lay. 4. Birds fed ad libitum showed accelerated development of comb, ovary and oviduct and weighed 2 300 to 2 700 g between 14 and 15 weeks of age, but did not come into lay until 20.5 weeks of age. 5. These results suggest that a minimum body weight and age may be required for the onset of lay in this strain. PMID- 7260690 TI - Genetic variation in feather-pecking behaviour. PMID- 7260691 TI - Growth and the plasma concentrations of growth hormone and prolactin in chicks: effects of "environmental enrichment", sex and strain. AB - 1. The effects of including novel objects in the environment ("environmental enrichment") on body-weight gain, relative body-weight gain, gain: food ratio, plasma growth hormone (GH) and prolactin concentrations in male and female broiler and layer chicks was investigated. 2. Environmental enrichment improved body-weight gain, relative body-weight gain and gain : food ratio but had no effect on circulating GH or prolactin concentrations. 3. Weight gain and gain : food ratio were greater in the broilers than in the layer chicks, while plasma GH and prolactin (females only) concentrations were less. 4. There were no sex differences in weight gain and relative weight gain but gain : food ratio was significantly greater in females than in males. In both strains plasma GH concentrations were higher in male than in female broilers. PMID- 7260692 TI - The occurrence of salmonellae during the rearing of broiler birds. AB - 1. The incidence of salmonellae was studied in two broiler houses at each of two commercial sites in an integrated commercial enterprise. 2. Salmonellae were not isolated from the empty, cleaned and fumigated houses and only on one occasion from the foodstuffs. 3. Salmonellae were isolated from the environment of the chicks and spasmodically from the litter, water troughs and dust. 4. The incidence of infection of the chicks did not influence the number of isolations of salmonellae from the environment of the birds during rearing. 5. Water in the water troughs rather than foodstuffs appeared to be the major oral route of infection or re-infection of birds during rearing. PMID- 7260693 TI - The thermoneutral temperature zone and seasonal acclimatisation in the hen. AB - 1. Oxygen consumption, body temperature, respiratory frequency and respiratory water loss of White Leghorn x Rhode Island hens were measured for short periods at six air temperatures between 2 and 32 degrees C. The hens were kept between tests in an open shed. The experiments were carried out over 3 years. 2. The upper critical temperature (Tcu) was estimated by the air temperature at which: 1, respiratory frequency increased above 60 respirations/min and 2, body temperature increased by 0.3 degrees C above that at the lower critical temperature. These responses to the test temperatures were examined as a function of the acclimatisation temperature (Ta) represented by the mean daily temperature during experimental periods. 3. A seasonal change in Tcu was observed, which correlated with Ta(r = 0.836). The seasonal 10 degrees C change in the Ta brought about a 3 degrees C change in Tcu, compared with an 8.5 degrees C change in the lower critical temperature. 4. Thermoneutral temperature zone decreased with increasing Ta; the two critical temperatures tended to merge at a Ta of 32 degrees C. The latter probably represents an upper limit for acclimatisation to heat. PMID- 7260694 TI - The incidence of breast-blister down-grading in broiler chickens. PMID- 7260695 TI - Some factors affecting urinary and faecal nitrogen loss by chickens fed on a protein-free diet. AB - 1. In adult colostomised cockerels, the rates of urinary and faecal nitrogen loss were measured when feeding low- and high-energy, protein-free diets after a preliminary period during which diets of differing energy and protein contents had been fed. 2. Urinary nitrogen excretion increased with increasing protein and decreasing energy in the preliminary diet. 3. Urinary nitrogen excretion was high during the fist 3 d of feeding a high-energy, protein-free diet, decreased rapidly during the next 3 d and thereafter become relatively constant. However, in the case of a low-energy, protein-free diet, urinary nitrogen excretion gradually declined throughout the trial period of 15 d, resulting in increased urinary nitrogen excretion. 4. After a 3-d period of adjustment faecal nitrogen loss from birds fed on a protein-free diet was relatively constant under the conditions examined. PMID- 7260696 TI - Water balance of colostomised and non-colostomised hens at different ambient temperatures. AB - 1. The quantities of water gained and lost, and hence the total water balance, were determined in normal and colostomised White Leghorn laying hens at ambient temperatures of 5, 20 and 35 degrees C. 2. In both groups the water intake and water loss at all temperatures were well balanced. 3. Water to food ratios and water content of excreta of normal hens increased with increasing temperature. 4. The water excreta at 35 degrees C are caused by an increasing urine production and not by an increased water passage through the alimentary tract. PMID- 7260697 TI - Genetic variation and phenotypic correlations of food consumption of laying hens corrected for body weight and production. AB - 1. On samples from two brown-egg strains between 1967 and 1979, "residual" food consumption (i.e. food consumption corrected for body weight, weight change and egg mass) of laying hens was investigated with respect to variation between sire families and phenotypic correlations with production traits, egg traits, morphological and physiological variables. A similar residual food intake (corrected for body weight and body-weight gain) was obtained for samples of males in some years. 2. Highly significant differences between sire families were observed for residual food consumption in both strains for females and in one strain for males. 3. In females, highly significant positive phenotypic correlations were found in both populations for residual food intake with wattle length and shank temperature, and in one population with shank length and width. On the whole, a negative correlation was observed with egg-shell thickness. For two variables recorded only in one strain, proportion of broken eggs yolk: albumen ratio, there were highly significant positive correlations. 4. For males also, wattle length and shank temperature were positively correlated with residual food intake. 5. The physiological meaning and possible use of correlated variables as criteria for indirect selection for food efficiency of layers are discussed. PMID- 7260698 TI - Lack of a relationship between concentrations of plasma luteinising hormone, thyroxine and prolactin at nine week's of age and subsequent egg production in the domestic hen. AB - 1. The concentrations of plasma luteinising hormone (LH), thyroxine and prolactin were measured in about 200 birds from each of two homogenous strains of White Leghorn hens at 9 weeks of age and related to subsequent egg production. 2. Within each strain, no relationships were found in individual birds between the concentrations of the plasma hormones and subsequent egg production after 90, 180 and 270 d of laying. 3. Single measurements of plasma LH, thyroxine or prolactin before the onset of lay do not appear to be useful criteria for the selection of egg-laying strains. PMID- 7260699 TI - Preservation of fowl semen in liquid nitrogen: application to breeding programmes. AB - 1. A method of freezing semen of individual males was adapted for use under farm conditions using an automated freezing apparatus. 2. An insemination programme to produce high fertility and hatchability with semen which had been deep frozen for 2 months was devised. 3. Over 90 % fertile eggs with a 90 % hatch of all eggs set was obtained with frozen and thawed semen over a period from the 2 nd to the 12th day after the first of four insemination. The persistency of fertility was also tested and 93, 86.6 and 30.7 % of the eggs were fertile during days 2 to 6, 2 to 8 and 9 to 15 after the last insemination. 4. Corresponding with the high fertility rate, chicks were produced by every hen that was inseminated and from every male whose semen was frozen and stored. The implications for future breeding practices of this successful result are discussed. PMID- 7260700 TI - Composition and amino acid content of carcass, skin and feathers of the growing gosling. AB - 1. Growth rate, food intake and utilisation were determined for goslings (Anser cireneus) from hatching to 7 weeks of age. 2. The relative weight of the carcass (body without feathers, skin or intestinal content) decreased from 0.83 of total body weight at hatching to 0.73 at 7 weeks. The skin relative weight increased from 0.12 at hatching to 0.17 at 2 weeks of age and subsequently remained constant. The weight of feathers increased from 0.034 of body weight at hatching to 0.08 at 7 weeks. 3. The fat of the carcass and skin increased during the 7 week experimental period. The skin retained about half of the total body fat. 4. While amino acid compositions of feathers and skin proteins were quite similar to data reported for other birds, carcass proteins were lower in methionine and lysine. PMID- 7260701 TI - The effects of trienbolone acetate implantation of turkeys upon fluid balance and blood chemistry. AB - 1. The effects of implanting turkeys with trienbolone acetate (TA) upon fluid balance and blood chemistry were studied. 2. The Na and water contents of skeletal muscles were increased by TA treatment while K was unaltered. 3. The extracellular space expressed as a proportion of starved body weight was unaffected by TA implantation. 4. Plasma or serum concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, Na and K and activities of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase [EG 2.61.1], creatine kinase [EC 2.7.3.2] and gamma-glutamyl transferase [EC 2.3.2.2] were not changed by TA treatment. 5. Packed cell volume was significantly increased by TA implantation after a delay of some 2 to 3 weeks while plasma protein concentrations were immediately decreased for a period of two weeks before nearly normal concentrations were obtained again. 6. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was decreased by TA treatment, but serum protein electrophoretic pattern was unchanged. PMID- 7260702 TI - Neuromuscular studies of turkeys with trienbolone acetate-induced and naturally occurring "leg weakness". AB - 1. In vivo sciatic nerve gastrocnemius muscle preparations were made from 14- to 18-week-old normal turkeys and from those with naturally occurring or trienbolone acetate (TA)-induced "leg weakness". 2. Preparations from leg weakness cases displayed neither accelerated muscle fatigue nor decreased nerve conduction velocities as compared with control preparations. 3. The muscles of the TA treated turkeys but not of those with naturally occurring leg weakness were hyperexcitable to those of controls. 4. Post-tetanic potentiation of preparations from both naturally occurring and experimentally-induced cases of leg weakness was less than that of control preparations, both before and after partial neuromuscular blockade, significantly so at the lower pulse frequencies used. 5. It is tentatively suggested that the last finding might be of significance in explaining the clinical signs of leg weakness and might be associated with a disordered calcium metabolism. PMID- 7260703 TI - Growth and food intake of broilers under various lighting regimes. AB - 1. Growth rates and daily food intakes of small, sexed groups of broilers were compared under different photoperiodic regimes during the period from 28 to 49 d of age. 2. Reduction in the duration of illumination did not impair growth rate. 3. The sexes showed a differential response to the treatments. 4. There was evidence that the enhanced performance of females was due to an improvement in food conversion efficiency. PMID- 7260704 TI - The effects of zinc deficiency on oral behaviour and taste bud morphology in chicks. AB - The number of beak and tongue movements was measured in chickens (Gallus domesticus) following oral stimulation with different concentrations of quinine hydrochloride (0.01 to 0.25 M), acetic acid (0.25 to 5.0 M), sodium chloride (0.5 to 5.0 M) and distilled water. The birds showed an increase in behaviour with increasing concentration up to a certain point, when the response showed no further increase. 2. Two groups of chicks, one fed on a normal diet and one fed on a diet deficient in zinc, were stimulated orally every 3 to 4 d with 0.1 ml of sodium chloride (2 M), acetic acid (2 M), quinine hydrochloride (0.1 M) and water, and the numbers of beak and tongue movements were recorded. 3. All the birds fed on the zinc-deficient diet showed significant increases in beak and tongue movements compared with the control birds. The time of onset of this increase in behaviour was variable: with quinine hydrochloride it was 3 d whereas with acetic acid, sodium chloride and water it was between 6 and 9 d. 4. The morphology of the taste buds in zinc deficiency was investigated and there was no evidence of primary or preferential involvement of the taste buds; these structures were either morphologically normal or were involved in a generalised degeneration of the epithelium. 5. The increase in oral behaviour is discussed in relation to the possible ageing of the taste cells and to the general degeneration of the oral epithelium. PMID- 7260705 TI - The effects of vitamin A deficiency of oral gustatory behaviour in chicks. AB - 1. Two groups of chicks (Gallus domesticus) were fed on a vitamin A-deficient diet for 24 d. Birds in one group, which acted as a control, were dosed orally with retinyl palmitate in corn oil, whereas the other group (experimental) was given corn oil only throughout the experiment. 2. At regular intervals birds in both groups were stimulated, orally with solutions of acetic acid, quinine hydrochloride and sodium chloride and the number of beak and tongue movements counted. 3. By the end of the experiment the vitamin A-deficient birds showed a significant decrease in their response to the oral stimulants compared with the control birds. PMID- 7260706 TI - The effects of low dietary concentrations of saponin on liver lipid accumulation and performance in laying hens. AB - 1. Feeding 4 or 5 saponin/kg diet depressed food consumption, egg and body weights and liver lipid concentrations. Rate of egg production decreased initially but later returned to normal. 2. At 1 g/kg diet saponin had no effect on food consumption or laying performance but decreased the high liver lipid concentration in two experiments on a heavy (Warren) strain of bird. There was no effect on liver lipid concentration in another experiment using a light (White Leghorn) strain in which liver lipid concentration was low. 3. Excreta lipid, liver cholesterol and plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations were unaffected by saponin but plasma triglyceride concentrations were decreased. PMID- 7260707 TI - The gut microflora and the uptake of glucose from the small intestine of the chick. AB - 1. Chicks whose growth rate had been depressed either by a fully conventional flora or by association with a bile acid deconjugating strain of Streptococcus faecium and/or a filterable agent from chicken droppings showed no significant reduction in uptake of 3-0-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose compared with germ-free birds. 2. Association with a microflora increased the weight of the gut per unit length. PMID- 7260708 TI - The effects of restricted feeding on adrenal cortical activity in the immature domestic fowl. AB - 1. The effect of reducing food intake to 75% of the ad libitum intake was determined from hatching to 8 weeks in young Light Sussex chickens. 2. Restricted birds were lighter throughout the experiment. 3. Relative adrenal weight tended to be greater in restricted birds but the difference decreased with time. 4. There was no depletion of adrenal cholesterol: from week 5 there was a significantly greater amount in the adrenals of restricted birds. 5. After 1 week of restriction plasma corticosterone concentration was 73% greater than in controls. It decreased progressively, falling within the normal range at 5 weeks. 6. Restricted birds were hypoglycaemic from weeks 2 to 7 and hyperlipacidaemic throughout. A negative correlation between plasma glucose and free fatty acids was found. PMID- 7260709 TI - The community of anaesthesia. PMID- 7260710 TI - The effect of slow releasing oral magnesium chloride on the QTc interval of the electrocardiogram during open heart surgery. AB - Recent work in both animal and human studies emphasizes the value of magnesium in the maintenance of the functional and structural integrity of cardiac muscle. Both intracellular and extracellular magnesium concentrations can vary independently and the serum and red cell magnesium levels may not give an accurate account of intracellular cardiac magnesium deficiency. However, electrocardiographic studies of magnesium levels could provide an accurate index of intracellular cardiac magnesium levels. Twenty-four patients scheduled electively for mitral valve replacement were studied to evaluate the effect of slow releasing oral magnesium chloride on the QTc interval of the electrocardiogram. Although pretreatment QTc values in all patients were not significantly different, there was a highly significant difference between the control group and the treatment group after four days of preoperative treatment with oral magnesium chloride. During the postoperative phase of the trial, all patients developed a similar pattern of increase in QTc interval, reaching a peak at the end of the second day and followed by a decrease over the final two days. All patients who developed arrhythmias postoperatively had not been pretreated (primed) with oral magnesium chloride and had abnormal QTc intervals both before and after operation. The results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of oral magnesium chloride in reducing the QTc interval of the electrocardiogram and so protecting the myocardium against possible arrhythmias. PMID- 7260711 TI - Cortisol and antidiuretic hormone responses to stress in cardiac surgical patients. AB - The hormonal responses to anaesthesia and cardiac surgery were studied in patients undergoing valve or coronary bypass surgery. Marked increases in antidiuretic hormone levels as a result of surgical stress were seen, and were of approximately equal magnitude in both groups. Although both groups also showed marked increases in plasma cortisol levels in response to operations, this response appeared to be relatively blunted in valve surgery patients, especially at the end of operation and in the intensive care unit. This blunted cortisol response may be a manifestation of exhaustion of adrenocortical reserves in valvular surgical patients whose sympathoadrenal system has already been chronically stimulated by a low output state. The important role of the neuroendocrine system in maintaining homeostasis postoperatively has long been recognized; this relative cortisol deficiency may be aetiologically related to poor postoperative recovery in critically ill valvular surgery patients. PMID- 7260712 TI - The effect of nitrous oxide on baroreceptor function in newborn and adult rabbits. PMID- 7260713 TI - [Delirium after surgery with extra-corporeal circulation]. AB - The recent literature still reports a high incidence of delirium in patients operated with extracorporeal circulation. This syndrome is found more often in patients over 50 years and in patients with a previous history of delirium, alcoholism, drug addiction or cerebral damage and is more frequent after valvular than after coronary surgery. It is also often observed in patients who present major post-operative complications. Attention and concentration capacity are characteristically modified (diminished most of the time) with or without faulty perception (hallucinations), sleep alterations, incoherent language, apathy or agitation. Disorientation and memory troubles are common. Delirium appears within a few hours or a few days of the surgery, its evolution is fluctuant and generally benign. A retrospective study at the Montreal Heart Institute showed an incidence of 2.98 per cent (84 cases/2811 open heart surgery cases) over the last four years. The mean age of these patients was 57.5 years (versus 50.4 for patients without delirium). Major post-operative complications were found in 37 (44 per cent) of these 84 patients. The incidence was lower (1.45 per cent) in coronary than in valvular (4.6 per cent) surgery cases. Several explanations are presented to explain this low incidence. PMID- 7260714 TI - Circulatory and ventilatory effects of hypervolaemia in artificially ventilated piglets. AB - The influence of hypervolaemia upon circulation and pulmonary ventilation was studied in six piglets (body weights 8.5-10.5 kg). A new functional principle for artificial ventilation was used. The alveolar ventilation was unchanged at normovolaemia and hypervolaemia. Arterial blood gases were sampled and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentrations were measured continuously. Central circulation was followed by pressure recordings and an electromagnetic flow meter for cardiac output measurements. Mean values +/- SEM of end-inspiratory tracheal pressures increased from 0.98 +/- 0.06 kPa at normovolaemia to 1.57 +/- 0.06 kPa at hypervolaemia (p less than 0.02). In all animals total compliance decreased (p less than 0.02). Simultaneously the insufflation time for the tidal volume decreased by 13 per cent (p less than 0.05). Arterial oxygen tensions decreased from 8.5 +/- 0.48 kPa to 7.0 +/- 0.77 kPa (p less than 0.05). During hypervolaemia aortic pressures increased from 13.1 +/- 1.3 kPa to 14.9 +/- 0.8 kPa (p less than 0.05), pulmonary artery pressures from 2.8 +/- 0.33 kPa to 5.0 +/- 0.53 kPa (p less than 0.02) and cardiac output from 1.07 +/- 0.17 1 . min-1 to 1.5 +/- 0.19 1 . min-1 (p less than 0.02). The stroke work for the right heart increased by 74 per cent (p less than 0.02) and for the left heart by 62 per cent (p less than 0.02). Pulmonary vascular resistance was unchanged, while systemic vascular resistance was significantly decreased (p less than 0.05). The positive effect upon systemic circulation gained by the use of excessive fluid therapy resulted in an overcirculation within the lungs which reduced pulmonary ventilation. This reduction could most probably be related to a closure of terminal airways secondary to lung hyperperfusion, increasing the pulmonary shunt. PMID- 7260715 TI - Haemodynamic monitoring in the management of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. PMID- 7260716 TI - The effects of aspirin and methysergide, singly and in combination, on systemic haemodynamic responses to pulmonary embolism. AB - Pretreatment of anaesthetized rabbits with aspirin (A), 250 mg.kg-1, methysergide (M) 3 mg.kg-1 or a combination of both (A + M) was done before pulmonary embolism with a 1.0 ml autologous blood clot and compared with no pretreatment (C). Experiments were done until 10 survivors were present in each group. Mortality rate in controls (C) was 55 per cent (death in less than 30 minutes) compared to zero in (A) and (A + M) and nine per cent in (M). Arterial blood pressure fell to 60 per cent of pre-embolism values two minutes after embolism in (C) but had returned to 85 per cent of pre-embolism values after 60 minutes. This compares with a drop to 82 per cent at two minutes and 83 per cent at 60 minutes in (A), a drop to 70 per cent at two minutes and 90 per cent at 60 minutes in (M) and a very small drop to 92 per cent at two minutes which was unchanged at 60 minutes in (A + M). Right ventricular pressure increased by 75 per cent after two minutes compared to pre-embolism values in (C) and was still elevated by 37 per cent after 60 minutes. This compares with increases at two minutes and 60 minutes respectively of 58 and 23 per cent in (A), 65 and 35 per cent in (M) and 55 and 18 per cent in (A + M). Heart rate did not show any significant changes in any of the groups after embolism. These results show a dramatic reduction in mortality from pulmonary embolism with aspirin or methysergide pretreatment, which is associated with significant attenuation of the hypotensive response seen in controls. These agents may act by inhibiting the actions of a release of prostaglandins and serotonin. The additive effects of the combination used suggests that both mediators may play a role in the haemodynamic responses to pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7260718 TI - Severe hypertension associated with pancuronium in a patient with a phaeochromocytoma. PMID- 7260717 TI - Premedication with meperidine and atropine does not prolong recovery to street fitness after out-patient surgery. AB - The effect of premedication with meperidine and atropine on recovery to street fitness after out-patient surgery under general anaesthesia was assessed. The subjects of this study were 100 female patients undergoing therapeutic abortion. Two anaesthetic techniques were used; thiopentone-enflurane-nitrous oxide and thiopentone-fentanyl-nitrous oxide. The patients were comparable in age, weight, length of anaesthesia and time for recovery to street fitness after anaesthesia. The amount of thiopentone administered to the thiopentone-fentanyl-nitrous oxide groups was significantly greater than that administered to the thiopentone enflurane-nitrous oxide groups. It is concluded that premedication with meperidine and atropine did not significantly prolong recovery to street fitness after out-patient surgery. Fear of prolonged recovery should not affect the decision to use premedication. PMID- 7260719 TI - Anaesthetic scavenging systems. PMID- 7260720 TI - Intravenous regional bupivacaine with a forearm tourniquet. PMID- 7260721 TI - Upgrading anaesthetic machines. PMID- 7260722 TI - Alfathesin dose. PMID- 7260723 TI - Inhibition of initiation of protein synthesis by tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone. AB - Tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) inhibits protein synthesis in intact cells and lysates. Its presence leads to polyribosome disaggregation. This inhibition is probably at the level of chain initiation because it does not slow poly(U)-dependent elongation of poly(F). This drug activates an inhibitor similar to the heme-controlled repressor in the postribosomal supernatant. High concentrations of ATP and GTP affect inhibitions of translation by the heme controlled repressor and TLCK in a similar fashion. The latter also interferes with formation of the 40S initiation complex. Its action on translation can be prevented by preliminary incubation with thiols. PMID- 7260724 TI - Isolation of size homogeneous preparations of high molecular weight and low molecular weight fibrinogens. AB - Molecular sizes of fibrinogen (F) similar to FI, higher molecular weight form, and FII, lower molecular weight form, have been found by Lipinska and colleagues. A procedure has been developed to isolate for the first time each of the FI and FII forms of fibrinogen which are free of each other and of high molecular weight fibrin-fibrinogen complexes. This process involved removing the complexes by A-5 m chromatography. This chromatography also reduced a protein contaminant (X) and removed plasminogen. (NH4)2SO4 subfractionation at pH 5.9 was then done. A subfraction (16-18%) containing 90% FI and another (22-25% or 25-28%) containing 96% FII were obtained. Reprecipitation of the first 16-18% subfraction yielded a subfraction containing 97% FI. sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of FII revealed that it contains one intact a alpha chain per (b beta, gamma)2. Clot opacity studies on FII suggested that the carboxyl terminal portion of the alpha chain of fibrin plays an important role in the lateral associations in fibrin polymerization. Also, the pattern of (NH4)2SO4 precipitation of the endogenous fibrin-fibrinogen complexes was studied. This revealed that the complexes precipitated mostly in the least soluble subfractions, but small amounts could be found in all subfractions. Examination of the complexes by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that most of the complexes could be dissociated to FI and FII. However, there were complexes which remained and these were found to be covalently cross-linked forms probably produced by factor XIII. PMID- 7260725 TI - Stabilization of microtubule protein in glycerol solutions. AB - The consequences of short-term storage of microtubule protein at 0 degrees C have been examined and the ability of glycerol to prevent loss of activity has been evaluated. Three forms of activity monitored include colchicine-binding activity, critical concentration, and relative polymerizing activity. Colchicine-binding activity decayed continuously and glycerol increased the half-life roughly in proportion to its concentration (t 1/2 = 57 days in 4 M glycerol). Critical concentration remained relatively constant for 2-3 days and then increased rapidly in the absence of glycerol. This rapid increase was delayed in glycerol concentrations above 1 M. Relative polymerizing activity was based in this work on the slope of the critical concentration plot. In most cases, loss of activity was apparent after as little as 24 h. This was the first observed alteration in polymerization properties of the microtubule protein and glycerol concentrations below 3 M had little effect in slowing the decay. Degradation of microtubule associated proteins may account for these changes in polymerization properties that occurred more rapidly than tubulin denaturation. Evidence for degradation was demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Higher glycerol concentrations slowed this degradation. PMID- 7260726 TI - Inhibition of microtubule polymerization by the tubulin-colchicine complex: inhibition of spontaneous assembly. AB - The inhibition of microtubule polymerization by colchicine requires the formation of tubulin-colchicine complexes, and inhibition of polymerization is proportional to the concentration of tubulin-colchicine complexes rather than to the total concentration of colchicine. Because the formation of such complexes is slow relative to polymerization, the kinetics of complex formation obscure the kinetics of inhibition of polymerization. We have taken defined quantities of preformed tubulin-colchicine complexes, relying on their slow dissociation, and added these to microtubule protein, which was allowed to polymerize by temperature shift to 37 degrees C. The degree of polymerization was then determined by measurement of turbidity at 400 nm. An appropriate kinetic analysis allowed us to distinguish effects of inhibitor on initiation and elongation phase of polymerization, without resorting to the use of initiation inhibitors. The results are consistent with a reversible association of tubulin-colchicine complex with microtubule ends blocking further elongation (K1 = 0.16 micro M). Steady-state measurements suggest that copolymerization of tubulin-colchicine complex is a minor factor under the conditions used. By contrast, little inhibition of initiation was observed, possibly because tubulin-colchicine complex competes with the tubulin dimer, but not with the larger oligomers required for the initiation process. PMID- 7260727 TI - Factors associated with morbidity and mortality in feedlot calves: the Bruce County beef project, year two. AB - The results of the second year of the project confirmed most of the major findings from the initial year. Feeding cornsilage, particularly as the major roughage in the first month after arrival was associated with excess mortality. Mixing of cattle from different sources and vaccinating against respiratory disease appeared to be the most important additional factors that increased mortality rates. Delaying vaccination at least two days postarrival may have prevented the negative effects of vaccination but only in calves fed cornsilage. Morbidity rates were highly variable among farms but were positively correlated with mortality rates and treatment costs. The occurrence of infectious thromboembolic meningoencephalitis appeared to share some of the same risk factors as mortality; whereas, urolithiasis did not. Water deprivation may be a risk factor in the occurrence of urolithiasis. Fibrinous pneumonia was again the most frequent cause of death. Relative to year one, infectious thromboembolic meningoencephalitis increased in frequency and only one death was attributed to bovine virus diarrhea. PMID- 7260728 TI - A comparison of the in vitro activity of two antibiotics against bovine ureaplasmas. AB - A comparison of the in vitro activity of rosaramicin and minocin against 52 bovine Ureaplasma sp. strains, 20 of which were isolated from semen, 23 from vaginal swabs, and nine from preputial washings, has shown that both antibiotics have good inhibitory action against the strains tested. Rosaramicin was ureaplasmacidal in most instances at, or close to the inhibitory level while for most strains studied a ureaplasmacidal level of minocin was not found. PMID- 7260729 TI - Hypomagnesaemia in beef cows wintered in Ontario. AB - A field experiment was undertaken in northern Ontario in order to assess the magnesium status of beef cattle raised in the area. Magnesium status was assessed using several criteria including blood and urine magnesium levels, and bone biopsy samples. Eighteen groups each containing four pregnant Shorthorn beef cows were used. Each of the following three mineral feeds were offered to six groups throughout the experiment: a mineral feed without magnesium, a mineral feed containing 8% magnesium in the form of magnesium oxide and the third containing sequestered magnesium with a magnesium level of about a tenth of that in the mineral feed containing magnesium oxide. During the winter, when the cows were housed indoors, they were fed grass silage. Six groups, two of each mineral feed, remained indoors throughout the summer. The other 12 groups were turned out to pasture on May 25 and continued receiving the appropriate mineral feed. There were no differences in serum magnesium owing to magnesium-supplementation treatments observed at any time during any experiment. Serum magnesium levels fell drastically in all groups before the cows were released to pasture, implying that the hypomagnesaemic condition was attributable to the stress of yarding. The rate of recovery from hypomagnesaemia was slower in the cows released to pasture than in those kept indoors. Urine samples from cows returned to the pasture were indicative of low magnesium status. At the end of the experiment, the magnesium levels in the bones of the housed animals were higher than for those on pasture. In spite of severe cases of hypomagnesaemia, no clinical signs of this metabolic condition were observed. PMID- 7260730 TI - [Diagnosis of septic abortion in dairy cows]. AB - During a two year period, March 1977 to April 1979, a total of 92 bovine abortions were studied. The cause of abortion was determined in 34.8% of the cases examined. Opportunistic bacteria, the most commonly diagnosed cause of abortion, accounted for 31.2% of the cases. Leptospirosis was associated with 28.1% of the abortions, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and fungi in respectively 15.7%, bovine viral diarrhea in 6.2%. A congenital abnormality accounted for one case (3.1%). In 23 cases (25%), there was no definitive diagnosis, in spite of evidence of experience with pathogen or suggestive findings of pathology, but insufficient evidence to warrant diagnosis. No findings were recorded in 35.8% of the (possibly noninfectious) cases and in only four cases (4.4%), specimens were unsatisfactory for examination. PMID- 7260731 TI - Effect of ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of ginseng on cardiovascular function in dogs. AB - Ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of ginseng were serially prepared from Korean ginseng plants. Each extract in the dose of 40 mg/kg was administered intravenously to ten dogs under light halothane anesthesia while 11 cardiovascular variables were compared during the ensuing two hours. The variable included cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, pH, PaCO2, PaO2 and base deficit. Following the administration of the ether extract (40 mg/kg) the heart rate and the central venous pressure decreased significantly. The administration of ethanol extract (40 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in the heart rate and the mean arterial pressure. After the administration of the aqueous extract (40 mg/kg) the cardiac output, stroke volume and central venous pressure were significantly decreased, while the total peripheral resistance was significantly increased. PMID- 7260733 TI - Eimeria acervulina infections from each of the four sporocysts of a single oocyst. AB - Oocysts were found in all four birds each infected with one of the four sporocysts of a single oocyst of Eimeria acervulina and in three of the four birds infected with single sporocysts from two other oocysts. Possible use of these infections for genetic studies was discussed. An efficient method for collecting fecal material containing sometimes rather low levels of oocysts was also described. PMID- 7260732 TI - Age related changes and osteochondrosis in swine articular and epiphyseal cartilage: light ane electron microscopy. AB - Age related changes and osteochondrosis in swine were studied using light microscopy and electron microscopy in articular cartilage and light microscopy and epiphyseal cartilage of swine from three days to 30 weeks of age. Thickness, cellularity and vascularity of both the epiphyseal and articular cartilage, decreased as the swine aged. Osteochondrotic changes included formation of "plugs" of cartilage indicating localized failure of ossification and separation and space formation in epiphyseal cartilage. Eosinophilic streaks and space formation in epiphyseal cartilage was observed in relation to epiphyseal separation. Electron microscopy showed a continuous fibrillar layer on the surface of the cartilage corresponding to the lamina splendens of light microscopy. This layer increased in the thickness and showed accumulation of amorphous material between the fibrils with aging. In the matrix, the orientation and distribution of the collagen fibers changed with growth and thicker fibers with clear sub banding were more common in older age groups. Also, necrotic cells, glycogen containing bodies and cellular debris were noticed in the matrix of normal cartilage in old animals. Chondrocytes in the younger cartilage showed accumulation of organelles responsible for protein synthesis; while Golgi bodies, vesicles, lysosomes, well developed foot processes and other inclusions were noticed in older cartilage. Cartilage erosions had a clumped and disrupted lamina splendens on the surface and electron lucent patches in the ground substances of the matrix and chondrocyte cytoplasm. PMID- 7260735 TI - Morphology of spore-bearing structures in Streptomyces ipomoea. AB - Sporulating colonies of Streptomyces ipomoea were observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. In addition to the open loops and spiral chains of spores characteristic of S. ipomoea, globose structures resembling sporangia of the genus Streptosporangium were found. The "sporangia" had a smooth surface, were 5-6 micrometers in diameter, and consisted of an unbranched coiled hypha within an enveloping sheath. As the sporangia matured, septa formed in the internal sporogenous hypha forming coiled chains of spores morphologically similar to those formed on the typical spore chains. The sporangia germinated on agar, without releasing the nonmotile spores, by formation of several germ tubes at several locations on the sporangia. PMID- 7260734 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid composition in newborn piglets]. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid composition has been studied in low and normal birthweight piglets. Values for urea, Ca, K, Cl and P did not differ between the two groups. However, glucose concentration was lower in low birthweight subjects and Mg and Na values were higher. Total leukocytes were also higher in low birthweight piglets. These differences may suggest that blood-brain-barrier is not at the same stage of maturation in low birthweight as in normal birthweight subjects. PMID- 7260736 TI - Isolation and characterization of a new extracellular polysaccharide from a cellulose-negative strain of Acetobacter xylinum. PMID- 7260737 TI - Repair of salt tolerance and recovery of lost D-alanine and magnesium following sublethal heating of Staphylococcus aureus are independent events. AB - Sublethal heating of Staphylococcus aureus S6 in potassium phosphate buffer caused loss of salt tolerance, D-alanine, and magnesium. During incubation in rich complex media all three of the damaged sites were repaired. Repair occurred more slowly but went to completion in a dilute synthetic medium (DSM), free of D ala. DSM plus penicillin or D-cycloserine allowed repair of salt tolerance but recovery of normal levels of D-ala or Mg was prevented. When DSM-repaired cells were cultured into fresh rich medium they grew rapidly after a short lag. Cells which had acquired their salt tolerance in DSM plus cycloserine and were D-ala and Mg deficient grew slowly and had a lag of 3 h. We suggest that heat damage has two separate primary targets in S. aureus cells: the membrane, which is manifested by loss of salt tolerance, and a second site, possibly teichoic acids, manifested by loss of D-ala and Mg. PMID- 7260738 TI - Streptomyces setonii: catabolism of vanillic acid via guaiacol and catechol. AB - Streptomyces setonii (strain 75Vi2) was grown at 45 degrees C in liquid media containing simple aromatic compounds as principal carbon sources. Thin-layer chromatography, UV spectrophotometry, and gas chromatography were used to show that S. setonii converted benzoic acid, guaiacol, and vanillic acid to catechol; p-hydroxybenzoic acid to protocatechuic acid; and m-hydroxybenzoic acid to gentisic acid. Presence of the ring-cleavage enzymes catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, and gentisate 2,3-dioxygenase was shown both by O2 uptake in ring-cleavage reactions catalyzed by cell-free extracts and by changes in UV spectra that indicated the presence of specific ring-cleavage products. A unique feature of this strain was its catabolism of vanillic acid by of guaiacol and catechol, using a pathway that had not been confirmed previously. PMID- 7260739 TI - Environmental lead and young children. PMID- 7260740 TI - Development of Reye's syndrome protocol in the Hamilton health region. PMID- 7260741 TI - Perianal excoriation associated with detergent products. PMID- 7260742 TI - Inspiratory muscle fatigue and acute respiratory failure. PMID- 7260743 TI - Tuberculosis presenting with multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules and a pneumothorax. PMID- 7260745 TI - The physician-MPs: how to practise federal politics. PMID- 7260744 TI - Polycythemia vera after chemotherapy-induced remission of Hodgkin's disease: report of a case. PMID- 7260746 TI - Computer-assisted medicine: the system in situ. PMID- 7260747 TI - Statistics on blind persons in postsecondary education. PMID- 7260748 TI - Liver failure in an infant. PMID- 7260749 TI - Predicting compliance with a regimen of digoxin therapy in family practice. AB - The ability of family physicians to predict patients' compliance with a regimen of digoxin therapy was studied by an analytic survey. Compliance was assessed by a pill count at a home visit and measurement of the serum digoxin level in a blood sample obtained at that visit. Of 74 patients 70% were found to be taking more than 80% of their pills and 86% had a therapeutic serum digoxin level. The 10 physicians were unable to predict compliance better than chance, even for the 58 patients they had known for 5 or more years. Physicians should be cautious in predicting compliance, and when they prescribe oral digoxin therapy they should monitor the patient's compliance by means of the serum digoxin levels. PMID- 7260750 TI - Will you volunteer in-flight medical care? PMID- 7260751 TI - Implications of neural regulation of the heart in health and disease. PMID- 7260752 TI - Mammography. PMID- 7260753 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the vagina. PMID- 7260754 TI - The investigation of transport accidents: comments on the "Green Paper" and Bill C-40. PMID- 7260755 TI - Out-of-hospital resuscitation from cardiac arrest. PMID- 7260756 TI - Error in glaucoma therapy. PMID- 7260757 TI - Chronic granulomatous otitis media. PMID- 7260758 TI - Canadian pediatricians: demographic characteristics, perceptions of training, and continuing medical education. AB - A nationwide survey of Canadian pediatricians was undertaken to answer questions about demographic and practice characteristics, perceptions of the quantity and quality of residency training in relation to the realities of practice, and the patterns of use and the value of continuing medical education. The findings included a lower average age of pediatricians from that determined 10 years earlier, a higher proportion of women practising pediatrics, and higher proportions of pediatricians entering practice in smaller communities, doing geographic full-time university work and doing mainly consulting work. Pediatrics is still perceived as an attractive discipline, but there is dissatisfaction with the quantity and quality of training in adolescent medicine, ophthalmology, dermatology, psychosocial pediatrics and orthopedics. The changing patterns of continuing medical education among the most recent certificants suggest a need for journals and professional societies to assess how they can better meet the needs of Canadian pediatricians in this area. PMID- 7260759 TI - Permanent pacemaker malfunction: diagnostic aspects of temporary pacing. AB - A temporary pacing electrode can function as a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic tool. This is illustrated in two patients whose permanent pacemakers unexpectedly failed. In the first patient a demand pacemaker was inhibited by a magnet rather than converting to the asynchronous mode. In the second the pacemaker appeared to be producing low-voltage potentials not detectable on the surface electrocardiogram. The presence of a temporary pacing electrode can be useful for defining the cause of pacemaker failure and the nature of any associated arrhythmias. PMID- 7260760 TI - Fulminant gonococcemia after splenectomy. PMID- 7260761 TI - Pulmonary fibrosis following therapy with melphalan: report of two cases. PMID- 7260762 TI - Neutropenia associated with metronidazole therapy. PMID- 7260763 TI - The Haitian and Cuban refugees: dealing with imported disease. PMID- 7260764 TI - Computer-assisted medicine: privacy and security. PMID- 7260765 TI - Why is complete sterilization of surgical supplies so important now? PMID- 7260766 TI - Professional incomes and licensing. PMID- 7260768 TI - Using the Heimlich maneuver to relieve airway obstruction. PMID- 7260767 TI - Erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni. PMID- 7260769 TI - Eye injuries in racquet sports: a continuing problem. PMID- 7260770 TI - Treatment of chronic pulmonary disease. PMID- 7260771 TI - Decreased elimination of theophylline after influenza vaccination. AB - The elimination of theophylline is decreased after vaccination against influenza. In three patients receiving 200 mg of oxtriphylline (equivalent to 128 mg of theophylline) every 6 hours by mouth the serum theophylline levels rose after vaccination, and in four healthy volunteers given the same dose of oxtriphylline 24 hours after vaccination the half-life of theophylline increased by an average of 122%. Two of the three patients showed signs of a toxic reaction to the drug. These results suggest that the elimination of theophylline is impaired to a clinically important degree after influenza vaccination and that the resulting levels of the drug can be toxic even when conventional therapeutic doses of theophylline are given. PMID- 7260772 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis peritonitis and ascites following appendectomy. PMID- 7260773 TI - Physician manpower planning: projections and pitfalls. PMID- 7260774 TI - Interpreting clinical trial results: seven steps to understanding. PMID- 7260775 TI - Influenza vaccination in Alberta, 1978: physician compliance with recommendations. PMID- 7260776 TI - Injuries in rugby. PMID- 7260777 TI - The periodic health examination. PMID- 7260778 TI - Probucol and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. PMID- 7260779 TI - Canadian ground ambulance services: provincial funding and standards for equipment and training. AB - There is an increasing demand for improved, up-to-date training and equipment for ground ambulance services across Canada. This paper presents the results of a survey of ambulance operations and their funding by the provinces, as well as a comparison of provincial legislation and recommendations on standards for equipment and the training of ambulance personnel. The training standards were found to be very diverse, and the legislated or recommended equipment standards did not meet those of the American College of Surgeons committee on trauma (ACSCT). The cost of ambulance services per capita and the cost to the user of an average 43-km run varied widely between the provinces. There was no correlation between the second cost and how well the province met the ACSCT's equipment standards. PMID- 7260780 TI - Acute glomerulonephritis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. PMID- 7260781 TI - Severe diarrhea due to Clostridium sphenoides: a case report. PMID- 7260782 TI - Physicians rally against the threat of a nuclear epidemic. PMID- 7260783 TI - Neonatal screening in Vancouver for congenital dislocation of the hip. AB - After 20 years' experience throughout the Western world the effectiveness of screening newborns for congenital dislocation of the hip remains controversial. Is the clinical test for hip instability (the Ortolani or "jump" sing) reliable? Are other equally important physical signs frequently missed by inexperienced examiners? Do some dislocations develop after the newborn period when no abnormality was identifiable during the first week of life? In Vancouver, screening for this condition was initiated in 1964. In the 5-year period 1967 1971 an orthopedic surgeon screened all the infants in the newborn nursery of one hospital, while orthopedic residents screened all those at another hospital. Their rates of neonatal and late (after the first month of lfe) diagnosis of congenital hip abnormalities were, respectively, 6 and 0.3/100 lives births for the surgeon and 5 and 0.8/1000 for the residents. In contrast, at 20 hospitals that did not have regular screenign the average rates were 1.2 and 1.4. Systematic screening the early treatment have great potential for reducing the need for immobilization and surgical treatment of infants who congenital dislocation of the hip is missed in the first month of life. it may also prevent the arthritic sequelae that in adult life afflict many patients whose treatment was begun after the newborn period. PMID- 7260784 TI - Estradiol receptor levels in human breast carcinomas. AB - The presence or absence of a specific estradiol-binding protein receptor in the cytoplasm of primary and secondary tumour cells has been used by physicians as an important guide in deciding whether to use hormonal therapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer. This report gives the levels of estradiol receptors in the cytosol of 228 primary and secondary breast tumours, measured by a sensitive multiple-point assay in which dextran-coated charcoal separated bound form unbound estrogen. The data were analysed with a Scatchard plot. Of the 175 primary and 53 secondary tumours 53% and 32% respectively gave positive results. The mean receptor level in the primary tumours was significantly higher among older patients and increased with age. With metastatic lesions positive results were more common in lymph node samples tha in skin nodule samples. PMID- 7260785 TI - The importance of patient selection for photochemotherapy in psoriasis. AB - Twenty-four patients with psoriasis were treated with orally administered 8 methoxypsoralen followed by exposure to high-intensity long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation (PUVA) at a psoriasis day care centre. Among the 20 with plaque type psoriasis the condition cleared in 13 (65%), after a mean of 20.7 treatment sessions, and improved but failed to clear in 4 (20%); the treatment failed in the other 3 (15%). The other four patients had erythrodermic, pustular or inflammatory psoriasis, and all failed to respond to PUVA therapy. Factors to be considered in patient selection for this form of therapy are the type of psoriasis, the patient's skin type and th proportion of the body surface area involved. PMID- 7260786 TI - Ambulatory Goeckerman treatment of psoriasis: experience with 200 patients. AB - At a psoriasis day care centre 200 patients were treated with an ambulatory Goeckerman regimen, 25 of them twice, because of recurrence. This treatment consists of the application of a coal tar preparation at home at bedtime, followed the next day by exposure to high-intensity short wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UVB) at the centre. Treatment was given 5 days a week for 1 month. The psoriasis cleared in 86% of the patients after a mean of 21.6 UVB treatment sessions. The mean length of remission was 5.1 months, but at the time of follow up 15 patients were still free of psoriasis. Compliance with the regimen was good to excellent in 94% of the patients. In our hands ambulatory treatment of psoriasis is much less expensive than hospital treatment and gives better results than photochemotherapy. PMID- 7260787 TI - Multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia. PMID- 7260788 TI - Sporotrichosis of the nose with spontaneous cure. PMID- 7260789 TI - Osteomyelitis of the pubis in childhood. PMID- 7260790 TI - Quebec: a lesson in "unionized" medicine. PMID- 7260791 TI - Regan's new economic conservatism: getting government off the backs of the medical profession. PMID- 7260792 TI - Richard Schweiker -- issues and answers. PMID- 7260793 TI - Nutrition: interest growing in the medical profession. PMID- 7260794 TI - Can results of medical audits be used as incriminating evidence in court? PMID- 7260795 TI - The psychiatrist's role in the care of the elderly. PMID- 7260796 TI - Pregnancy among teenagers. PMID- 7260797 TI - Danazol and uterine leiomyomas. PMID- 7260798 TI - Diagnosis and management of hypochondriacal psychosis. PMID- 7260799 TI - Surgical management of chronic occlusive disease of the aortic arch vessels and vertebral arteries. AB - Occlusive disease of the aortic arch vessels is relatively rare and often missed initially. Of 41 patients treated surgically for this condition over a 10-year period 38 had arteriosclerotic lesions, 2 had symptoms secondary to vasculitis (Takayasu's arteritis) and 1 had a radiation injury to a subclavian artery. In 22 cases the left subclavian artery was involved; the right subclavian and innominate arteries were the next most commonly affected. Only four vertebral stenoses were treated. Most patients presented with a combination of arm and hindbrain ischemia that was shown radiologically to be associated with a subclavian steal syndrome, but in some only isolated arm symptoms or severe vertigo alone was experienced. There was a difference in blood pressure between the arms of at least 20 mm Hg in 88% of the patients. The treatment for 28 patients was creation of a carotid-subclavian bypass, for 6 the placement of a bypass graft from the ascending aorta to the subclavian or carotid artery or both, for a 3 a subclavian endarterectomy and for 4 vertebral angioplasty. There were no operative deaths, and 90% of the grafts were patent 1 to 72 months later. however, only 30 (73%) of the patients were asymptomatic and 9 (22%) had improved. PMID- 7260800 TI - Surgical treatment of sleep-apnea-associated psychosis. PMID- 7260801 TI - How to read clinical journals: IV. To determine etiology or causation. PMID- 7260802 TI - Oral contraceptives and liver disease. PMID- 7260803 TI - Cigarette smoking and peripheral vascular disease: is carbon monoxide the real culprit? PMID- 7260804 TI - Does lithium prevent neutropenia caused by antidepressants? PMID- 7260805 TI - Ureteral "kinking" following colposuspension. PMID- 7260806 TI - Weight loss, weakness and an abnormal roentgenogram of the chest in a 72-year-old woman. PMID- 7260807 TI - Can we prevent an increase in the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome in the next decade? AB - The immunity to rubella of 115 girls aged 10 to 14 years was tested in 1978. The proportion of girls found to be immune was 80%, similar to rates in the prevaccination era. Nearly half of the immunity was from documented vaccination, and the other half was presumably from infection with wild rubella virus. The vaccination failure rate was 12%. Because of declining immunity to rubella of women of child-bearing age, detecting low levels of immunity in these women is becoming increasingly important. Immunization of 12- to 15-month-old children has not been effective. Vaccinating all girls 10 to 12 years old would likely be the most effective method of preventing an increase in the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome in the next decade. PMID- 7260808 TI - Respiratory disorders in Manitoba cattle farmers. AB - A group of 76 cattle farmers from southern Manitoba answered the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and supplementary questions on farming and farming-related syndromes. Lung function was tested, serum was examined for precipitating antibodies, and skin testing with common allergens was performed. Analysis of the men's answers revealed a high prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms among the farmers in all categories of smoking history, and the presence of these symptoms was significantly associated with a history of symptoms related to handling mouldy hay or grain; 51% of the men had chronic symptoms and 55% had symptoms related to crop handling. In seven farmers (9%) the symptoms related to crop handling suggested an attack of farmer's lung. One other farmer, with a history of illness after handling mouldy hay, had a reduced total lung capacity, and in 18 the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first second to the forced vital capacity was lower than predicted. Precipitating antibodies against Thermoactinomyces were absent in all farmers, but two farmers had antibodies against Aspergillus ruber. Immediate hypersensitivity was found in 16 (21%) of the farmers; sensitivity to Dermatophagoides farinae was commonest. PMID- 7260809 TI - Respiratory profiles of grain handlers and sedentary workers. AB - During 1978, grain handlers employed at three large inland grain terminals were studied along with an equal number of office workers matched for sex, age and smoking history. Respiratory symptoms and spirometric abnormalities were no more frequent in 16 grain handlers who were non-smokers than in their controls. However, 20 grain handlers who were smokers complained significantly more (P less than 0.01) of grade 1 dyspnea and had significantly lower ratios of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity (P less than 0.05) than their controls. Only 3% of the grain handlers were sensitive to grain dust, and 18% were found to be atopic but to have good lung function. A family history of asthma or allergic rhinitis was no more frequent in the grain handlers than in the control subjects. We conclude that the combination of cigarette smoking and exposure to grain dust causes a deterioration in lung function. PMID- 7260810 TI - Suggested limits to the use of the hot tub and sauna by pregnant women. AB - Because of reports of the potential risk of maternal hyperthermia to a developing embryo or fetus, studies were done to determine the length of time a woman must stay in a hot tub or sauna before her temperature reaches 38.9 degrees C. The vaginal temperatures of 20 nonpregnant women of childbearing age were recorded while they sat in hot tubs set at 39.0 degrees C or 41.1 degrees C and in a sauna with an average temperature of 81.4 degrees C. Five women were able to remain in the 39.0 degrees C tub and six in the 41.1 degrees C tub until their temperature reached 38.9 degrees C, but in none did their temperature reach that level before 15 minutes in the 39.0 degrees C tub or 10 minutes in the 41.1 degrees C tub. The remainder left in discomfort while their body temperatures were lower. This indicates that the usual use of hot tubs is unlikely to raise a woman's body temperature to potentially teratogenic levels, although prolonged use may. None of the women were able to remain in the sauna long enough for their temperature to reach 39.9 degrees C. PMID- 7260811 TI - Acute calf pain and swelling in the arthritic patient: rupture of a popliteal cyst or deep venous thrombosis? PMID- 7260812 TI - Serum lactate dehydrogenase glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase ratio and liver metastases. PMID- 7260814 TI - The completion of training in psychiatry: a transitional phase. PMID- 7260813 TI - Canadian health administrator study. PMID- 7260815 TI - Continuing medical education: viewpoints of Canadian psychiatric residents. AB - Continuing Medical Education (CME), relicensure and recertification are controversial issues for physicians today. The viewpoints of 142 Canadian psychiatric residents from 12 training centres across Canada were surveyed. The majority (73%) of the residents did not think that CME would pose a problem for them after certification. In fact, a large majority (77%) felt CME should be required after certification. Close to half of the residents favoured monitoring of CME by the Canadian Psychiatric Association. In contrast to these results, few favoured mandatory recertification. A formal relicensure examination was strongly repudiated. Individual reading and self-assessments as well as clinically oriented courses and workshops were the favoured methods of CME. Our recommendations arising from this survey are threefold. CME should remain a voluntary activity. The Canadian Psychiatric Association should be the monitoring body for CME for psychiatrists, and finally, individual readings and self assessments should be used increasingly in providing CME. PMID- 7260816 TI - Alcoholism and the forensic-psychiatric patient: a comparative study. AB - A group of male forensic psychiatric patients was compared to groups of non forensic psychiatric patients, hospitalized alcoholics and general hospital admissions on a modified version of the self-administered Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. Results indicated more alcoholic related problems in both psychiatric groups than the general hospital group, but less than for the hospitalized alcoholics. The scores of the two psychiatric groups, however, did not differ significantly. It was concluded that alcoholism was non-additively associated with both criminality and psychiatric disturbance. It was suggested that the degree of alcohol related problems in psychiatric populations warrants careful screening and treatment even when alcoholism is not reflected in the psychiatric diagnosis. PMID- 7260817 TI - Treatment approach in a child with hysterical seizures superimposed on partial complex seizures. AB - This article reports the case of a 9 1/2 year old child with a history of psychomotor epilepsy which was uncontrolled by multiple anticonvulsant medications. When admitted to the psychiatric inpatient service, he was treated with a combination of pharmacological, behavioural and psychodynamically oriented approaches. A period of intensive family counseling was conducted to clarify the parents' concerns about causality of the seizures and methods for dealing with them. This combined approach led to a complete cessation of reported seizures and a decreased number and dosage of anticonvulsant medications. The authors discuss the reluctance of some physicians to accept the co-existence of neurogenic and psychogenic seizures in a given patient. Patients with pharmacologically uncontrolled seizures must be identified and accurately diagnosed (neurogenic and/or psychogenic) to prevent complication such as over-medication and to administer appropriate treatment. Multiple disciplinary therapy including psychodynamic, pharmacological, behavioural and educational approaches should be implemented. PMID- 7260818 TI - Fluphenazine resistant psychosis. AB - A fifty year old female chronic schizophrenic was admitted to hospital following a relapse of her psychosis. She had previously responded well to treatment with trifluoperazine but because of her history of medication non-compliance, a trial of fluphenazine enanthate was instituted. Despite the close chemical similarity between trifluoperazine and fluphenazine the patient failed to respond to the latter in either its oral or depot intramuscular form. Although it is not unusual for a patient to respond to one antipsychotic and not to another, the above case of intra-class non-responsiveness is indeed rare and not readily explained. We present this unusual case and discuss some possible explanations. PMID- 7260819 TI - The Capgras syndrome: two case reports and a review. AB - The Capgras syndrome is reviewed and two case reports are described. While the Capgras syndrome is frequently considered to be a rather rare psychiatric syndrome is more common than previously thought. Original explanations of this syndrome usually involved dynamic interpretations, but recently there have been many reports to suggest an organic lesion as being the main contributing factor. The mechanism involved seems to be a generalized dysfunction of the non-dominant cerebral hemisphere. It is suggested that any patient presenting with this syndrome be thoroughly evaluated for an underlying organic lesion before dynamic interpretations are used to explain this syndrome. Brief mention is made of two other syndromes which also involve misidentification and are also considered to be organic in origin. PMID- 7260820 TI - Koro. PMID- 7260821 TI - Therapist conflict and management bias. PMID- 7260823 TI - Psychiatric nosology. PMID- 7260822 TI - Management and medical practice. PMID- 7260824 TI - Teaching and learning of psychotherapy. PMID- 7260825 TI - Consultation-liaison psychiatry in a chronic care hospital: the consultation function. AB - This paper describes psychiatric consultations in a chronic care and rehabilitation hospital. It reports that although 60% of consultation requests were for depression, only 8.6% of patients seen received a diagnosis of Affective Disorder. Many patients seen, 51.4%, did not receive a formal psychiatric diagnosis and were found not present problems in adapting to chronic disabling illnesses. These problems included difficulties with convalescent and rehabilitative tasks, manifested by pathological behaviours such as persistent denial and pseudoindependence, as well as characteristic reactions to specific catastrophic illnesses. It is important to recognize that in this population psychotropic medication should be used judiciously, and interpersonal and milieu approaches should be emphasized. It is also important for the psychiatric consultant to maintain an optimistic, therapeutic attitude in what often seem to be rather foreboding consultation settings. PMID- 7260826 TI - [Serum concentrations and factors affecting the blood bioavailability of chloramphenicol in bovine (author's transl)]. AB - Serum concentrations and factors affecting the blood bioavailability of chloramphenicol in bovineThe authors have compared the serum concentrations and the factors affecting blood bioavailability of chloramphenicol after intramuscular administration of canadian commercial preparations containing 500 mg/mL of antibiotic. The animals (dairy cows and heifers) received each drug (20 mg/kg) in one or two injection sites. The serum samples, analysed by colorimetric or microbiological methods, showed that considerable differences in concentration exist between the two methods. The evolution of biodisponibility factors proved identical in both cases. It appears that therapeutic levels of chloramphenicol are reached only by drug A for four to five hours. The usual dosage (2-10 mg/kg), by intramuscular route, is not sufficient to attain these active concentrations using the other drugs. However, the important variability obtained during the experiment and reflected in the standard deviation values, has not proved that drug A has a better bioavailability based on the criteria of the only microbiological analysis. PMID- 7260827 TI - Twenty years of experience with dairy herd health in Ontario. AB - This article expresses observations on planned herd health for dairy cattle, based on experience gained in the Ambulatory Clinic practice of the Ontario Veterinary College. The author and his colleagues, especially Dr. R.A. Curtis, have initiated and delivered a preventive medicine approach to veterinary practice in the teaching program and teaching practice for the past 20 years. In addition, herd health presentations have been made to veterinary associations in every province in Canada and to many breed associations and producer organizations. The Canadian food animal veterinarian and his clients have been informed at meetings and by the media of the need, objectives, methods and benefits of dairy herd health and many veterinary practices now offer programs to their clients. Herd health has become a household word in Canada's dairy practices and dairy farms.A formal herd health program is an important step to achieving total health management; but maximum returns on investment can only be realized after three or four generations of cattle have been reared on the program. In conclusion, herd health practice has been a very satisfying aspect of veterinary medicine and a profitable and valued service for our clients. Maintenance of health involves the application of all knowledge and procedures which veterinarians have to offer. PMID- 7260828 TI - Protocols in medicolegal veterinary medicine. II. cases involving death due to gunshot and arrow wounds. AB - Guidelines for the examination of cases involving death of animals from gunshot and arrow wounds are described. Appropriate procedures for collecting and preserving specimens and exhibits are also included. A brief description of the appearance of various gunshot wounds is given. PMID- 7260829 TI - Year end tax planning. PMID- 7260830 TI - Copper deficiency in calves in northcentral Manitoba. AB - Four seven month old Simmental calves were examined because of unthriftiness, a persistent cough, stiffness and lameness. The calves had gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasitism. Analysis of the blood copper levels of these calves and of cows and calves on the farm indicated a generalized deficiency. Only the calves affected with parasitism showed signs of clinical copper deficiency. PMID- 7260831 TI - Multiple adenomas of the liver. PMID- 7260832 TI - Father-son testicular malignancy. Does genetic anticipation occur? AB - Testicular malignancy in a father and son is reported. The father had sequential bilateral seminomas while the son had embryonal cell carcinoma and seminoma. Reported cases of father-son testicular malignancy are reviewed and a predominance of seminomas in the fathers is apparent while the sons' tumors are highly malignant teratomas, choriocarcinomas and embryonal cell carcinomas. The possibility of genetic anticipation in father-son testicular malignancy is discussed. PMID- 7260833 TI - Palliation of malignant ascites by the LeVeen peritoneo-venous shunt. AB - A LeVeen peritoneo-venous shunt was placed in each of 5 patients under local anesthesia to relieve symptomatic malignant ascites. All patients had marked ascites due to histologically documented intraabdominal carcinomatosis, extensive hepatic neoplasm, or a combination of malignant ascites and severe parenchymal liver disease. Cases included metastatic breast carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, melanoma, and primary cholangiocarcinoma. Prompt relief of respiratory distress and discomfort associated with tense ascites was achieved in all patients; however, survival was short (one week to seven months) due to advanced disease. The LeVeen shunt can provide effective palliation of malignant ascites in carefully selected symptomatic patients. PMID- 7260834 TI - A review of 17 IV-S neuroblastoma patients at the children's hospital of philadelphia. AB - The records of 207 neuroblastoma patients seen at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1944 and 1977 were reviewed to study some of the features associated with the unusually good prognosis found in patients with Stage IV-S neuroblastoma. Initially, 22 patients appeared to fit the criteria of small primary tumor and distant disease in liver, skin, and/or marrow without evidence of bone metastases; 5 patients were subsequently rejected as being incorrectly staged. The remaining 17 patients had abdominal primary tumors and hepatic disease; in 12 of the 17, an enlarged liver was the presenting sign. Six patients had skin lesions, 4 had disease in the marrow on routine smear, and additional sites of spread were pancreas and bowel serosa. The treatment given was not systematic, and it was not possible to correlate any specific form of therapy with a satisfactory outcome. Eleven of 17 patients survived; 6 of 11 survivors had spontaneous regression of all or part of their diseases, 5 of 6 who died received irradiation, chemotherapy, or both. Death usually occurred in the first month as a complication of the local disease; 1 patient succumbed to radiation nephritis. This study establishes that the special pattern of widespread neuroblastoma termed Stage IV-S does exist, and that is associated with a good prognosis. Careful consideration should be given before selecting treatment for the Stage IV-S child because spontaneous regression is likely to occur in most of them. In patients with rapidly enlarging livers, renal or pulmonary complications may develop because of liver bulk or coagulopathies. Treatment should be directed to the liver in these cases because distant metastases seldom supervene. Low-dose irradiation, mild chemotherapy, and possibly surgical release of intraabdominal pressure using a silastic patch have all been effective. Unfortunately, patients occasionally succumb to local disease in spite of these and more aggressive measures. PMID- 7260835 TI - Treatment of adult neuroblastoma. AB - Twelve patients, all over 17 years of age, with adult neuroblastomas, an entity recently described, were seen at Roswell Park Memorial Institute for the period from 1950 to 1977. Four of these patients who were treated by multimodality therapy constitute the bulk of this report. One patient had a complete response and showed no evidence of disease 23 months after treatment with surgery and combination chemotherapy (CYVADIC); she also had maturation of established metastases. Another patient remained stable for 22 months after treatment with combination chemotherapy. These results indicate that chemotherapy may be effective treating adult neuroblastoma patients as complete remissions are achieved and survival times prolonged. PMID- 7260836 TI - Retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma in children. Results of multimodality therapy. AB - The clinical course of 18 consecutive children treated for primary retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma was reviewed. At diagnosis, 8 patients had regional unresected tumor and 10 patients had disseminated tumor, including 3 patients with documented bone marrow infiltration by tumor. Following combined modality therapy, 14 of 18 patients achieved a greater than 50% tumor response (11 complete and 3 partial responses); 4 patients failed to respond and died of progressive disease within eight months of diagnosis. Among the 14 patients responding, 7 patients had subsequent reextension of active tumor three to 16 months (median, 9 months) following the onset of therapy. Three of the 7 remaining patients died of treatment complications, 2 of intestinal obstruction and 1 of disseminated histoplasmosis, within the first year of therapy and at post-mortem examination had no demonstrable tumor. Four patients are alive and free of active tumor for 10+, 10+, 32+ and 33+ months from diagnosis. Treatment complications have included hematopoietic depression, mucositis, enteritis, intestinal obstruction, excessive weight loss, malnutrition, and life-threatening infection. These results illustrate limitations in current combined modality therapy of retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma and the necessity for future treatment modifications to both reduce morbidity and to improve survival. PMID- 7260837 TI - Stage-related combined modality treatment of retinoblastoma. Results of a prospective study. AB - Forty-two consecutive patients with retinoblastoma were evaluated by a new staging system and combined modality therapy instituted according to stage. Nineteen patients had bilateral tumors and 23 had unilateral tumors. The staging system was effective in identifying subpopulations of patients and successfully predicted those at greater risk of recurrence or death. Thirty-nine of 42 patients survive (Median survival time, 42 months). Two of 4 children with tumor extension beyond the eye died while 37 of 38 children with tumor presumed confined to the eye survive. Toxicity of the chemotherapy was mild. Radiation therapy of intraocular tumor was associated with cataract formation but most children had satisfactory vision after extraction and the use of corrective lenses. Ophthalmologic findings did not always correlate with histologic extent of tumor and both should be used in planning and evaluating treatment. Recommendations are made on the role of chemotherapy and the need to reduce the morbidity of treatment. PMID- 7260838 TI - Intraarterial infusion chemotherapy for hepatic carcinoma using a totally implantable infusion pump. AB - Intraarterial infusion chemotherapy has several theoretical advantage over conventional therapy for the treatment of unresectable malignancies. However, the catheter problems and patient restriction to the hospital associated with its use have resulted in infrequent application and a notable lack of progress in this field of oncology. This paper describes the use of a totally implantable, percutaneously refillable infusion pump in 5 patients with primary or metastatic carcinoma of the liver. The infusion cannulae were placed into the hepatic arteries under direct vision at laparotomy, and the pumps were placed in subcutaneous pockets. Four patients received infusions of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine at rates of 0.2-0.5 mg/kg/day for periods of three to 29 weeks; the pump in the fifth patient was defective and was removed. The implanted pumps were well tolerated in these subjects, who received chemotherapy as outpatients; the only adverse effects noted were related to FUDR toxicity. This implantable infusion pump appears to be a practical means of delivering long-term intraarterial infusion chemotherapy to outpatients. PMID- 7260839 TI - Therapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma with a combination of methyl-CCNU, 5 fluorouracil vincristine and streptozotocin (MOF-Strep). AB - Seventy-seven previously untreated patients with measurable metastatic colorectal carcinoma were treated with a combination of methyl-CCNU, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), vincristine and streptozotocin (MOF-Strep). The treatment schedule consisted of methyl-CCNU, 30 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days q 10 weeks; 5-FU, 300 mg/m2 IV for five consecutive days q 5 weeks; vincristine, 1 mg IV q 5 weeks; and streptozotocin, 500 mg/m2 IV weekly. Two (3%) patients achieved complete remission (CR); 22 (29%) patients, a partial remission (PR); and 13 (18%) patients, a minor remission (MR). The median duration of remission was eight months (range, 4-25+months) for patients obtaining CR/PR status, and six months (range, 4-15 months) for MR status. The median survival time was 14 months for patients achieving CR/PR versus seven months for non responders. Comparison with a previous study of MOF at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, showed that the MOF-Strep combination produced a significant (P = 0.004) increase in the number of complete and partial remissions, 32% versus 11%, and in survival, 11 versus 9 months, (P = 0.003), respectively. PMID- 7260840 TI - A study of drug-induced kinetic perturbations in the marrow of a patient with neuroblastoma. AB - The kinetic perturbations induced by vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and adriamycin were studied in the bone marrow of a patient with neuroblastoma. Serial marrow samples were studied by dual parameter (Coulter volume and DNA content), flow cytometry, and radioautography, and findings were correlated with cytomorphologic changes. Multiparameter studies were useful in sorting out the various sequences of drug-induced kinetic changes. Distinctive effects of vincristine were observed at 2 and 24 hours after drug administration. An early drug-induced proliferative response was observed between 2 and 48 hours after initiation of therapy. Cell damage was apparent on day 4, with recovery in cell proliferative rate observed on days 6 through 9. The kinetics of perturbation may be useful in identifying temporal windows for optimum scheduling of chemotherapeutic agents in man. PMID- 7260841 TI - Impairment of lymphocyte transformation by plasma from patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. AB - The effect of plasma from 34 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease on the transformation of homologous normal lymphocytes was compared with that of plasma from matched normal control subjects. The plasma from some of the patients reduced lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and this inhibitory effect was most obvious in plasma from patients with advanced-stage disease. In addition, the patient's own lymphocytes showed a depressed response to PHA, an effect also apparent to a greater degree in patients with advanced disease. This finding did not correlate with the numbers of available T lymphocytes or the amount of unstimulated lymphocyte DNA synthesis, but did correlate with the observed plasma effects. It appears that impairment of lymphocyte transformation in Hodgkin's disease is in part due to soluble circulating inhibitory substances appearing as the disease progresses. PMID- 7260842 TI - The precursor lesions of invasive gallbladder carcinoma. Hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ. AB - In 200 consecutive cholecystectomy specimens excised for cholelithiasis or cholecystitis, 83% exhibited epithelial hyperplasia, 13.5%, atypical hyperplasia and 3.5%, carcinoma in situ. Carcinoma in situ was also observed in the mucosa adjacent to invasive carcinomas in 79% of 39 evaluable surgical cases and in 52.9% of 17 autopsy cases. Our findings suggest that a small number of hyperplasias of the gallbladder evolve toward atypical hyperplasia and that this progresses to in situ carcinoma which finally becomes invasive carcinoma. A simple cytologic technique is recommended for the diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ in excised gallbladders. Preoperative identification of these two lesions in high-risk patients as well as comments on 156 invasive carcinomas are presented. PMID- 7260843 TI - Microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - Radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed on 135 patients with Stage I epidermoid carcinoma of the uterine cervix invading less than 5 mm below the basement membrane. These cases were studied to determine the biological behavior of early invasive carcinoma and to establish diagnostic criteria for microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix (Stage IA). None of the 135 patients had metastasis to the parametrial tissue in the final surgical specimen. One (0.9%) of 106 patients with invasion up to 3 mm had lymph node metastasis, while 4 (13.9%) of 29 patients with invasion of 3.1-5 mm had nodal metastasis. Of the 106 patients with invasion up to 3 mm, 25 had confluent invasion. None of the 25 patients had lymph node metastasis. In view of our result, carcinomas with invasion less than 3 mm may be regarded as a separate diagnostic group because of their limited metastatic potential, and may be treated by conservative methods used for carcinoma in situ, even if there is a confluent pattern. For carcinoma with invasion of 3.1-5 mm, more extensive procedures as used for frankly invasive carcinomas are probably necessary. PMID- 7260844 TI - Metastasizing leiomyoma of the uterus. S-phase fraction, estrogen receptor, and ultrastructure. AB - A 33-year-old woman had a metastasizing leiomyoma in which mitotic figures could not be found. The tumor was composed of well differentiated smooth muscle indistinguishable from uterine leiomyoma or normal myometrium by light and electron microscopy. The S-phase fraction of the tumor, measured by in vitro tritiated thymidine labeling, was near the upper limit of the range seen in seven ordinary uterine leiomyomas and was distinctly lower than that in a uterine leiomyosarcoma. The content of estrogen receptors in the cytosol was within the range seen in uterine leiomyomas. Metastasizing leiomyoma is an actively proliferating neoplasm of mature smooth muscle that appears to be hormonally responsive. The tumor in our patient showed no clear differences from ordinary leiomyomas in findings relating to the rate of cellular proliferation, morphology, or estrogen receptor content. PMID- 7260845 TI - The histologic spectrum and significance of clear-cell change in lung carcinoma. AB - We reviewed 348 consecutive cases of lung carcinoma to determine the incidence and significance of clear-cell carcinoma. Areas composed of clear cells were common in all types of lung carcinoma except small cell carcinoma. The clear cytoplasm in most cases contained glycogen. We found only one tumor fulfilling the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) criteria for clear-cell carcinoma. There were 14 other tumors which contained over 50% clear cells and therefore could be considered clear-cell carcinomas by some published criteria. Ten of these tumors also showed foci of epidermoid differentiation while four showed gland formation. The prognosis of tumors containing even large areas of clear cells does not appear to differ from that reported for the common lung carcinomas. We feel that clear-cell carcinoma should not be considered a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Rather, tumors composed even predominantly of clear cells should be classified according to the major W.H.O. categories. PMID- 7260846 TI - Congenital generalized fibromatosis with visceral involvement. A case report. AB - A case of congenital generalized fibromatosis in a black male infant with involvement of lungs, subcutaneous tissue, pancreas, adrenal, lymph nodes, and bone is described. Fifteen prior cases with pulmonary involvement are reviewed, emphasizing the poor prognosis associated with pulmonary lesions. This case demonstrated, in addition to previously described histologic features, broad bands of fibroblastic proliferation in the interlobular septa producing retraction of the visceral pleura. Possible etiologic factors are discussed, with suggestions for additional studies in future cases. PMID- 7260847 TI - Nasal neuroblastoma secreting vasopressin. A case report. AB - A patient with a nasal neuroblastoma was found to have hypertension and severe hyponatraemia. Radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy were ineffective in reducing the size and vascularity of the neoplasm. Assay of tumor tissue post mortem revealed high levels of arginine vasopressin. The possibility of vasopressin formation to be added to the better known potential hormonal secretory activities of neuroblastomas. PMID- 7260848 TI - Acinic cell carcinoma arising in ectopic salivary gland tissue. AB - Two cases of a rare entity, acinic cell carcinomas, which apparently arose primarily from ectopic salivary gland tissue, are presented. Salivary gland ducts and acini frequently may be found incorporated within intraparotid lymph nodes and less commonly within extraglandular cervical nodes. Ectopic salivary glands may also be seen, although rarely, elsewhere in the head and neck area. The most common tumor to arise from intranodal salivary gland tissue is papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum; however, other salivary gland-type neoplasms rarely may do so. In our cases, one tumor apparently originated primarily within a paraparotid lymph node and the other in the lateral mid- to low-neck area. Neither of our patients had a demonstrable lesion of a major or minor salivary gland; thus their tumors are presumed to have originated primarily from ectopic salivary gland tissue. The clinician and the pathologist should consider the possibility of a neoplasm arising in ectopic tissue when a salivary gland type tumor is identified away from sites where major and minor salivary glands normally are found. PMID- 7260849 TI - Pseudolymphoma of the breast. I. In a study of 8,654 consecutive tylectomies and mastectomies. AB - Pseudolymphoma is a benign pathological process that morphologically resembles malignant lymphoma. Its occurrence in the mammary tissue has been described but has not been well investigated. We conducted a prospective and retrospective study of 8,654 consecutive mastectomies and tylectomies of the breast and found only 9 cases (0.1%) of primary lymphoreticular lesions. Of these 9, 5 were pseudolymphomas; 3, histiocytic lymphomas; and 1, Hodgkin's disease. Clinically, pseudolymphoma of the breast was described as an enlarging mass giving a dull, aching sensation. A history of physical trauma to the affected area could be traced in 3 patients with certainty. The mean patient age of the entire series was 36 years. Grossly, the tumor was a solid, firm nodule without any evidence of fibrocystic disease. Microscopically, it showed a lymphoid infiltrate with a nodular pattern. Three of the 5 cases revealed distinct germinal centers. Atypical lymphoid cells were not observed in any of these cases. After local excision, no patients had recurrence over a period of two to eight years. In view of a history of trauma, accompany fat necrosis in some cases, IgG gammopathy, it is postulated that pseudolymphoma of the breast, probably akin to pseudolymphoma of the lung, may represent an overwhelming local response to an injury. This lesion, reactive in nature, should be differentiated from a malignant lymphoma so that patients are not subjected to unnecessary mastectomy, radiation, or chemotherapy. PMID- 7260851 TI - Prognostic factors in T2 glottic cancer. AB - During a ten-year period from 1965 through 1974, 164 patients with T2N0M0 glottic cancer were seen at the Princess Margaret Hospital. These patients were treated by radiotherapy reserving surgery for salvage of recurrent or persistent disease. One hundred and fifty-four cases have been analyzed in detail with respect to two variables: impairment of mobility and surface extension of disease. Two end points of analysis were used: actuarial local recurrence-free rates and corrected actuarial survival. The five-year corrected actuarial survival rate was 12% less in the T2N0M0 patients with impaired vocal cord mobility (75.2%) when compared to those cases with normal vocal cord mobility (86.8%) (P = 0.068). No difference in survival was seen with increasing degrees of surface extension of disease when correction for the effects of impairment of mobility was performed. There was a highly significant difference in local control rates with radiotherapy when comparing cases with normal vocal cord mobility (76.7% locally controlled) vs. impaired vocal cord mobility (51.1% locally controlled) (P = 0.015). Again, no significant trend in local control rates could be ascertained with increasing surface extension of disease. The number of patients with nodal disease was insufficient to permit meaningful analysis of the effects of the presence or absence of nodal disease on survival. On the basis of this analysis, we suggest that the Stage T2 grouping in glottic cancer be subdivided into Stage T2a for those tumors with normal vocal cord mobility and T2b for those with impaired vocal cord mobility. PMID- 7260850 TI - Infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the female breast. Deviations from the usual histopathologic appearance. AB - Twenty-two cases of breast tumor with infiltrating lobular carcinoma were studied. Thirteen showed the classic single-file pattern as a sole component, and 6 as a predominant pattern; the less common confluent pattern was found in 3 instances as a predominant component. Mucin secretion was evidenced in 59% of the primary tumors; it was a prominent feature in only 1 case. Nine tumors were associated with in situ lobular carcinoma. In 14, nodal metastases had occurred at the moment of diagnosis. In 50% of the metastases, intracellular mucin secretion was present. It appears that the diagnosis of infiltrating lobular carcinoma relies on the convergence of multiple histocytologic hallmarks, as much in the primary tumors as in the metastases. Deviations from the classic appearance need to be recognized as true lobular carcinomas, and even in these cases it is suggested that the well established term lobular carcinoma be maintained. PMID- 7260852 TI - Gastric adenocarcinoma following gastric lymphoma. Role of partial gastrectomy. AB - Gastric adenocarcinoma developed in a 45-year-old man 13 years after he had undergone resection of a gastric lymphoma (large cleaved cell type, diffuse) and two courses of radiation therapy to the upper abdomen to a total dose of 6300 rad. Three factors involved in possibly increasing risk for the second malignancy, namely lymphoma, extensive radiation therapy, and gastric resection, are discussed. Degenerative and premalignant histologic changes occur in the gastric remnant after partial gastrectomy. These contribute to the pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma after surgical therapy of peptic ulcer or other disorders. Periodic endoscopic surveillance and the use of multiple biopsies are important in achieving early diagnosis. PMID- 7260853 TI - A comparison of noninvasive imaging modalities in the melanoma patient. AB - The results of radionuclide (RN) liver scans, computed tomography (CT), and ultrasonography (US) were compared in 163 patients. Thirty-eight patients had all three studies, while ten were examined by CT and RN liver scans. One hundred fifteen patients had only US and RN studies. Radionuclide liver scanning demonstrated more false positive and negative studies than CT or US. Also, CT and US demonstrated more areas of metastasis during a single examination than RN liver scans. Ultrasonography displayed roughly the same accuracy of CT when a technically adequate examination was obtained. However, US was hampered by technically inadequate studies in 19% of 153 patients because of interfering intestinal gas. Computed tomography proved the most accurate and reliable modality in 48 patients. PMID- 7260854 TI - Pulmonary metastasis: a pathologic and radiologic study. PMID- 7260855 TI - The papillary and solid neoplasm of the pancreas: a report of two cases with electron microscopy, one containing neurosecretory granules. AB - Two pancreatic tumors occurred in young women without detected functional symptoms. They had similar gross and histologic features and appeared to be of low grade malignancy. Case 1 was a typical example of the recently described entity referred to as papillary and solid neoplasm of the pancreas. Electron microscopic findings in this case indicated a duct cell origin, similar to previously reported cases. Case 2, also ultrastructurally similar, is unique in that it contained neurosecretory granules. Since considerable evidence indicated that cells of small pancreatic ducts give rise to islet cells, case 2 suggests that some tumors of ductal origin recapitulate the embryogenesis of the pancreatic islets and, therefore, may contain neurosecretory granules without showing the classic morphology of the more common pancreatic endocrine tumors. PMID- 7260856 TI - Kulchitsky cell hyperplasia and multiple metastasizing carcinoids of the stomach. PMID- 7260858 TI - Carcinoma in situ of testicular tissue adjacent to malignant germ-cell tumors: a study of 105 cases. PMID- 7260857 TI - Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with systemic cancer. AB - Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) patients suffering a variety of cancer-related neurologic problems. LDH-5 isoenzyme as a percentage of total LDH activity was abnormally elevated (above 10 to 15%) in leptomeningeal infiltration by carcinoma (breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, and malignant melanoma) but not in other types of CNS metastases. Abnormal LDH isoenzyme patterns were also seen with CSF infections in which a granulocytic pleocytosis was present. In the absence of infection, an elevated LDH isoenzyme 5:1 ratio suggested leptomeningeal tumor and, when used with other CSF markers (beta-glucuronidase and CEA), LDH, isoenzymes aid in early detection of this metastatic neoplastic process. They may also help to differentiate leptomeningeal tumor from other chronic meningitides. Measurement of CSF markers also aids in assessing the effectiveness of treatment since marker levels often vary with the clinical course. PMID- 7260859 TI - Cellular fibromas and fibrosarcomas of the ovary: a comparative clinicopathologic analysis of seventeen cases. PMID- 7260861 TI - Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: eight new cases and review of 360 cases in the literature. AB - Three-hundred-sixty cases of solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura from the literature are analyzed, and eight new cases are described. Of patients reported on prior to 1972, 72% had symptoms due to the tumor at the time of diagnosis, but only 54% of patients reported on since then were symptomatic. This probably reflects earlier diagnosis as a result of increased use of chest radiographs in asymptomatic populations. Cough, chest pain, dyspnea, and/or pulmonary osteoarthropathy are each found in at least one-third of patients who have symptoms. Approximately 80% of solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura originate in the visceral and 20% in the parietal pleura. In the literature and in this experience these tumors are on the whole circumscribed. The range in size from 1 36 cm with a mean of 6 cm. Many are pedunculated on pleural-based pedicles that contain hypertrophic arteries and veins. Histologic examination of the tumor usually discloses cellular areas alternating with hyalinized and/or necrotic areas. Spindle-shaped cells typically have minimal nuclear pleomorphism and rare or absent mitoses. Numerous thin-walled vessels constitute an additional feature of large tumors. Electron microscopical examination reveals features of both fibroblasts and mesothelial cells. Solitary fibrous tumors behave in a benign fashion in 88% of cases after surgical resection. In 12% of the cases the tumor is responsible for the patient's death because of its extensive intrathoracic growth, by virtue of either late diagnosis or unresectable recurrence. No single histologic feature allows a definite prognosis. The best indicator of a good prognosis is the presence of a pedicle supporting the tumor. Also favorable in circumscription of the tumor without invasion of lung, mediastinum, or chest wall. Nuclear pleomorphism and a high mitotic rate are seen in larger tumors but do not necessarily indicate a poor prognosis if the tumor is circumscribed. Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura are not associated with asbestos. PMID- 7260860 TI - Prognostic variables in mycosis fungoides. AB - The prognostic importance of various factors was analyzed for 347 patients registered by the Mycosis Fungoides Cooperative Group (MFCG). Extent of skin involvement at the time of registration and number of sites of clinically enlarged lymph nodes were clearly the most important prognostic variables, and were combined into a single variable, TN stage, for adjusted analyses of other factors. Sex, history of tonsillectomy, immunoglobulin E, and telangiectasia did not significantly affect survival. The effects of race and allergic history were questionable and need further study. Age, pruritus, burning, alopecia, ulcers, and erosion were important when studied alone, but their effects were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for TN stage. Chills and malaise, the latter a symptom of debility, retained prognostic significance after such adjustment. This analysis demonstrates the importance of considering the joint effects of multiple prognostic factors rather than analyzing them one at a time. PMID- 7260862 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus associated with hypercalcemia in a twenty year-old. PMID- 7260863 TI - Thyroid abnormalities associated with treatment of malignant lymphoma. AB - The effects on the thyroid of radiation therapy to the neck and/or chemotherapy were investigated in 54 Hodgkin's and 72 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. These patients had received radiation therapy with doses ranging from 2000 to 4000 rad (median 3600 rad) to the cervical or mantle fields and/or multiple-agent chemotherapy following usual staging procedures. Palpable abnormalities of the thyroid were found in 15 patients. The patients with irradiation to the neck had a higher incidence of hypothyroidism than those patients treated with chemotherapy alone (31/74 vs. 8/52, P less than 0.001 for TSH and 10/74 vs. 1/52, P less than 0.025 for T4). A higher frequency of elevated serum TSH levels and antithyroid antibodies were also observed in patients receiving radiation therapy alone to the neck than in those receiving both radiation therapy and chemotherapy (19/33 vs. 12/41, P less than 0.025 for TSH and 16/33 vs. 7/41, p less than 0.01 for antibodies), suggesting that chemotherapy agents may reduce the thyroid dysfunction induced by irradiation. There was no difference in prevalence of elevated TSH levels following irradiation to the neck between patients in whom lymphangiogram was or was not performed (21/51 vs. 10/23). PMID- 7260864 TI - Clinical staging system for cancer of the salivary gland: a retrospective study. PMID- 7260865 TI - Familial breast cancer and its recognition in an oncology clinic. AB - Family history of cancer was evaluated for 79 breast cancer probands from among a series of consecutively ascertained cancer patients undergoing treatment in the authors' Oncology clinic. Cancer prevalence for each family was quantified by using a statistic that accounts for variable size and age structure among families. To test the null hypothesis that cancer risk is independent of family membership, the distribution of this statistic for families in their original configuration was compared with the distributions observed when relatives were randomly assigned to families in 99 random permutations of family membership. The results indicated significant heterogeneity for cancer risk among relatives of breast cancer probands, which suggests that the isolation of high risk families can provide a meaningful resource for in-depth studies in breast cancer genetics. Using an objective criterion for selection of such families, high risk for early onset breast cancer was confirmed in a prospective follow-up study fof four families from the original resource. PMID- 7260866 TI - Breast self-examination, relationship to stage of breast cancer at diagnosis. AB - Data from 996 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients indicated a highly significant association (P less than 0.001) between periodic breast self examination (BSE) and pathologic stage of disease. Among women reporting periodic BSE, only small differences were noted between those who practiced monthly and those who practiced several times annually. Average maximum tumor diameter and frequency of tumors 4 cm or large were significantly greater (P less than 0.01) among women who rarely or never practiced BSE. The relationship between the periodic practice of BSE and the diagnosis of breast cancer before nodal involvement was present even after controlling for a wide variety of variables. The regular practice of BSE was associated with a one-third reduction in the likelihood of diagnosis of disease with positive nodes. This difference translated to a 10% decline in five-year mortality for whites and a 17% decline for nonwhites. PMID- 7260867 TI - Attitudes toward cancer: I. The impact of a comprehensive oncology course on second-year medical students. AB - This study focuses on the change in medical students' attitudes toward cancer and related issues when the factual knowledge concerning the contemporary treatment of the cancer patient is increased. The Cancer Attitude Survey, as instrument consisting of 33 original items developed by Haley et al.9 and 27 additional items developed by the present authors, was administered to a sophomore class of medical students before and after on oncology course. Depsite the absence of formal attempts to teach specific attitudes, significant changes in attitudes were observed in responses to 18 of the 60 items (30%). After completing the course, students were more likely to favor an active role both for the patient and for the physician en each stage of the treatment process. Although students were more likely to favor aggressive treatment, they also indicated that appropriate limit should be set. Implications for teaching and for further research on attitudes and behavior are noted. PMID- 7260868 TI - Management and survival of female patients with "minimal" breast cancer: as observed in the long-term and short-term surveys of the American College of Surgeons. AB - The American College of Surgeons' long-term breast cancer survey in 1978 included 16,894 pathologically confirmed carcinomas of the female breast, in situ or infiltrative, with negative or positive nodes. Of these, 1.9% were in situ carcinoma of any size, and 8.4% were minimal invasive carcinomas 1 cm or less in diameter. No significant difference was found between the survival of patients with in situ tumors of any size and minimal invasive tumors with negative axillary nodes measuring 1 cm or less in diameter. In patients with invasive tumors with negative axillary lymph nodes, no statistically significant difference was found in survival of patients with tumors of 0.5 cm or less, when compared either with survival of patients with tumors measuring 0.6-1.0 cm. Recurrence rates observed in those groups were not statistically significant. Among 157 patients with invasive tumors measuring 0.5 cm or less, 23.0% presented with axillary lymph node metastasis. Tumors measuring 0.6 to 1.0 cm showed 20.9% positive axillary nodes in 964 patients. Statistically significant differences in survival and recurrence rates were achieved only for invasive tumors smaller than 1 cm. Survival and recurrence rates were significantly better (P less than 0.001) in patients with minimal invasive cancer with negative axillary nodes (P less than 0.001) than rates of patients with invasive tumors larger than 1 cm and with negative lymph nodes. Similar statistical results were obtained for patients with positive axillary nodes only for invasive cancers smaller than 1 cm. However, survival and recurrence rates observed in invasive cancers of 1 cm or less with positive axillary nodes suggest that tumor size alone cannot be used as the only defining criterion for minimal invasive breast cancer. Only the status of axillary nodes may determine whether a small invasive tumor below 1 cm may be considered as minimal breast cancer. PMID- 7260869 TI - Avascular necrosis of bone in Hodgkin's disease patients treated with combined modality therapy. AB - Avascular necrosis of bone developed in eight patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease who had been treated with combined modality therapy and were in complete remission from their disease. A ninth patient not on protocol but treated with the combined modality program also developed avascular necrosis. The cumulative incidence was 10% among long-term survivors. The etiology is unclear. Prolonged corticosteroid administration has been implicated but usually in much larger doses than the patients in this series received. The possible roles of the other chemotherapeutic agents for Hodgkin's disease, and radiation are discussed. Considerable disability resulted for almost all patients. Three of seven patients primarily with avascular necrosis of the femoral heads had bilateral hip replacements with surgery anticipated in four others. The two patients primarily with humeral head involvement have limited use of their arms. This condition must be added to the known possible serious consequences of combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. It is uncertain if the frequency of avascular necrosis is higher in patients treated with both radiation and chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone. Further studies are needed from other institutions to clarify the frequency and cause of this problem. PMID- 7260870 TI - Management of breast cancer patients failing adjuvant chemotherapy with adriamycin-containing regimens. AB - Sixty-two patients with breast cancer treated with Adriamycin-containing adjuvant chemotherapy developed recurrent disease. Four patients refused to take any form of systemic therapy at the time of relapse. Fifty-eight patients were managed with various treatment modalities, and of these 33 (57%) achieved on objective remission, 11 (19%) had stable disease and 14 patients (24%) did not respond to any form of therapy. Twenty-four patients received more than one treatment modality. Thirty-eight patients were treated with chemotherapy and 35 received endocrine therapy. Eight of 20 patients (40%) achieved objective remission upon retreatment with higher dose of 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide at time of relapse, and seven of 18 patients (38%) treated with other chemotherapeutic agents showed objective remission. Fourteen of 35 patients (40%) achieved objective remission with hormonal therapies. The median survival from first relapse was 15 months for all patients, and was 25.7 months for responding patients. Survival was significantly longer in asymptomatic patients compared with those who were symptomatic from recurrent disease. PMID- 7260871 TI - Tamoxifen-induced hypercalcemia in breast cancer. AB - Among 470 patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with tamoxifen, ten patients (2.3%) developed hypercalcemia. All patients with hypercalcemia had osteolytic or mixed lytic and blastic bone metastases. Hypercalcemia developed after a median period of seven days (range 4-11 days) of tamoxifen administration. Hypercalcemia was treated with conventional measures and serum calcium levels normalized in nine patients, either with a brief interruption of tamoxifen therapy or in spite of continued treatment. Four patients experienced partial remissions with continued tamoxifen therapy. These results indicate that hypercalcemia is a potentially serious complication of tamoxifen therapy but is generally short-lived, and can be controlled with supportive measures, thus allowing continued tamoxifen administration. PMID- 7260872 TI - A phase II evaluation of methyl CCNU and actinomycin D in the treatment of advanced sarcomas in adults. AB - Twenty-nine patients with metastatic sarcoma were treated with a combination of methyl CCNU and actinomycin D. Patients with adequate bone marrow reserve received methyl CCNU 100 mg/m2 orally on day 1 and actinomycin D 0.3 mg/m2/day intravenously for five days. Both drugs were repeated every four weeks. Patients with inadequate bone marrow reserve received methyl CCNU 75 mg/m2 and actinomycin D 0.2 mg/m2/day for five days. All patients had received prior chemotherapy and had progressive disease at the start of the study. There was one complete response in a patient with peritoneal mesothelioma which lasted 18 months and the patient is still alive at 38+ months. Ten patients had stable disease including three patients who had responses between 25% to 50%. No responses were seen in 18 patients. The median time to progression for patients with stable disease was five months and for those with progressive disease was two months (P = 0.001). The median survival for patients with stable disease was 20 months compared with three months for patients with progressive disease (P = 0.001). The combination was generally very well tolerated and myelosuppression was insignificant. However, with the dosages and schedule used in this study, the combination of methyl CCNU and actinomycin D does not appear to have significant activity in advanced soft tissue sarcomas. Further studies with this combination are indicated in patients with mesothelioma. PMID- 7260873 TI - Multimodality approach to surgical management of locally advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the anorectum. AB - Seven patients (five female, two male) had locally advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal. Three patients had recurrent or persistent disease previously treated and four had advanced primary cancer. Five patients had groin node metastasis. The treatment protocol consisted of chemotherapy with continuous 5 day infusion of 5-fluorouracil, 750 mg/m2, and mitomycin C, 15 mg/m2, by bolus injection and radiation 3000 rads. All patients received one or two cycles of chemotherapy pre-operatively and four (not previously irradiated) received radiation. Tumor regression greater than 50% occurred in five patients, minor regression (25-50%) occurred in one patient and one patient showed no regression (on chemotherapy alone). All patients had total resection of all gross tumor with microscopic clear margins and five had groin dissection. One patient had no residual cancer in specimen and one patient had a microscopic focus only. Four of five patients had residual nodal metastases at groin dissection. Currently three patients are free of disease at 24, 24, and 26 months. Two patients died with disease at 6 months and 34 months, and two patients died of other causes while still free of disease, at 4 and 5 months after resection. Multimodality therapy of locally advanced epidermoid cancer of anal canal can provide effective control and palliation of many of these tumors and, in some, possibly effect cure. PMID- 7260874 TI - Elevated vitamin levels in colon adenocarcinoma as compared with metastatic liver adenocarcinoma from colon primary and normal adjacent tissue. AB - Twenty-four samples of colon adenocarcinoma removed at surgery and autopsy together with adjacent uninvaded normal colon from the same subjects were analyzed for vitamin B12 and B6, biopterin, nicotinate, riboflavin, pantothenate, thiamin, biotin, and folates. Nine specimens of metastatic liver adenocarcinoma from colon primary together with adjacent uninvaded normal liver were also analyzed for these same vitamins. Primary colon adenocarcinoma contains significantly (P less than 0.001) more of the above vitamins than normal colon; 1.8- to 3.5-fold higher concentrations of vitamins were found in this tumor. In contrast, vitamin B12 levels were almost two-fold lower. Unlike colon tumor, metastatic liver adenocarcinoma from colon primary contained from 1.2- to 28-fold lower vitamin concentration than normal liver tissue. The present findings suggest that those types of primary tumors with conspicuously high vitamin content needed for the enhanced growth and catalysis of tumor metabolism may be arrested with antivitamins targeted at metabolic sites other than those involved with nucleic acid synthesis. PMID- 7260875 TI - Carcinomas of the cervix with intense stromal eosinophilia. AB - Stromal inflammatory reactions dominated by eosinophilic leukocytes have been reported in a small number of invasive cervical carcinomas. The clinicopathologic features of six patients whose cervical carcinomas were accompanied by an intense infiltrate of eosinophils were analyzed. Several patients also manifested an eosinophilia of peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes. The cervical carcinoma cells were regarded as the most likely cause of the tissue and blood eosinophilia since other etiologic factors were not identified. Eosinotactic and eosinopoietic substances probably either were produced directly by the carcinoma cells or resulted from immunologic interactions of inflammatory lymphoid cells and mast cells with antigens of the tumors. While stromal eosinophilia alone may not be of prognostic significance, eosinophilia of the peripheral blood may be an adverse sign in some patients with cervical carcinoma. PMID- 7260876 TI - Polyps of the vagina: a clinicopathologic study of 18 cases. AB - Polyps of the vagina are benign, soft tissue tumors composed of loose connective tissue with myxoid changes and containing atypical, pleomorphic, hyperchromatic cells. Because of this bizarre microscopic configuration, they have been confused with sarcoma botryoides. Eighteen cases of polyps of the vagina included in the pathology files of Magee-Womens Hospital from 1972-1979 were compiled. Clinical and pathologic findings were reviewed. All patients except one were white, and median age was 48.5 years. The most common symptom was vaginal bleeding (ten patients) or vaginal "growth" (six patients). All lesions (except one in which only a biopsy was done) were treated with local resection. PMID- 7260878 TI - Regression of pulmonary metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate. PMID- 7260877 TI - Concurrence of multiple sclerosis and primary intracranial neoplasms. AB - The concurrence of multiple sclerosis and primary intracranial neoplasms is uncommon. The literature contains 20 cases of multiple sclerosis associated with gliomas and nine cases with non-gliomatous neoplasms. This report describes a protoplasmic astrocytoma and arteriovenous malformation found incidentally at autopsy of a 63-year-old woman with a 25-year history of multiple sclerosis. This is the first demonstrated association of multiple sclerosis with an arteriovenous malformation. Although neoplastic transformation of reactive glial cells in multiple sclerosis plaques has been proposed as the source of gliomas, the association of multiple sclerosis with astrocytoma and arteriovenous malformation in the present case is considered to be coincidental. Gliomas reported in association with multiple sclerosis are more frequently (30%) multicentric than are uncomplicated gliomas. PMID- 7260879 TI - Axillary lymph node metastasis from an occult breast cancer. AB - Twenty-nine cases were reviewed in which carcinoma manifested first as the enlargement of an axillary node from an occult breast carcinoma. A small hidden breast cancer was identified in 16 patients. In the remaining 13, the breast tumor was never discovered. Regardless of whether the primary tumors were discovered, the metastasis-free survival rates were comparable to those of patients with breast carcinoma with axillary nodal metastasis. The authors recommend that carcinoma found in an axillary node should be treated as a breast cancer, even in the absence of the breast tumor. Extensive investigative procedures in an attempt to uncover an extramammary primary site were largely unproductive and should either be omitted or performed selectively. Mammography, if positive or suspicious, can lead to the primary tumor in 75% of the patients, but, when negative, it does not necessarily exclude the breast as the source of the carcinoma. A carcinoma of the breast was found by pathologic examination in 44% of the patients with negative mammograms. PMID- 7260880 TI - Biliary cystadenocarcinoma: Case report of hepatic malignancy originating in benign cystadenoma. AB - A case of biliary cystadenoma undergoing malignant dedifferentiation is presented. Biliary cystadenocarcinoma is an infrequently occurring neoplasm; fewer than 20 cases have been reported in the literature. This case is the first in which there is documentation of cystadenocarcinoma arising from a previously diagnosed benign cystadenoma. Over a six-year period, the patient had three recurrences. The initial lesion and the first two recurrences were treated by drainage and biopsy. Histologically each succeeding specimens showed increasing atypia. Finally the majority of the lesion was excised, and microscopic examination revealed both benign and atypical epithelium and papillary adenocarcinoma, suggesting transition from benign to malignant. Thus, in view of the malignant potential of biliary cystadenomas, treatment of choice is total excision if surgically feasible. PMID- 7260881 TI - The incidence and extent of pelvic lymph node metastases in apparently localized prostatic cancer. AB - Pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 300 patients with apparently localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Pelvic lymph node metastases were identified in 119 patients (40%) and in 35 of these cases (29%) the metastases involved a solitary lymph node. The incidences of metastases for clinical stage B1, B2 and C tumors were 7, 43, and 60%, respectively. The extent of the metastases in terms of the number and distribution of the involved nodes correlated directly with the clinical stage of the primary tumor. The incidences of metastases associated with well-differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated tumors were 27, 45, and 70%, respectively. The degree of tumor differentiation, however, had no apparent impact on the incidence of metastases among patients with clinical stage B1 and C neoplasms. Since tumor stage, tumor grade, and pelvic lymph node metastases have each been demonstrated to be of prognostic significance in prostatic cancer, the status of the pelvic lymph nodes should not be considered an isolated prognostic parameter in patients with otherwise localized prostatic cancer. PMID- 7260882 TI - Sezary syndrome-an unusual case. PMID- 7260883 TI - A study of leukemia clustering in Albemarle, North Carolina, 1968-1978. PMID- 7260884 TI - Effect of pH on fluorescence polarization of DMSO induced Friend leukemic cells. AB - The effect of DMSO on Friend leukemic cell membranes was investigated in an inducible cell line (FLC) and in cell variant resistant to DMSO induction (RFLC). Fluorescence polarization (P) studies carried out at 37 degrees C with diphenyl hexatriene (DPH) have shown that P values change according to the pH, being maximum in alkaline buffer. These changes were altered when cells were grown in the presence of DMSO. Changes in P values according to the pH were abolished by glutaraldehyde and by sodium azide. Fluorescence polarization analysis of FLC cell line carried out at 4 degrees C have shown higher P values which also changed according to the pH. In DMSO induced FLC or in RFLC grown with or without DMSO, these changes were not seen. It is therefore concluded that P value changes related to pH reflect changes in the lipid-protein interactions of cell surface membrane. It is also suggested that these interactions are altered by DMSO. PMID- 7260885 TI - DNA methylase activity of normal liver, regenerating liver, and a transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma. AB - DNA from transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma (THC) 252 has recently been found to have a lower 5-methylcytosine content than DNA from normal or regenerating rat liver. We have determined that DNA methylase, purified 200-fold from nuclei of regenerating rat liver, can add more methyl groups to THC 252 DNA than to DNA from normal or regenerating rat liver. Furthermore, a similarly purified DNA methylase from THC 252 was found to methylate THC 252 DNA at a higher rate than it methylated DNA from normal or regenerating liver. The larger number of unmethylated sites in THC 252 DNA was not due to a deficiency of DNA methylase since the level of methylase activity of nuclear extracts from THC 252 was 2.7 times that of normal liver and 1.5 times that of regenerating liver. Methylases from these three sources had similar rats of reaction with different DNA substrates. These findings suggest that the hypomethylation of THC 252 DNA is not due to decreased methylase activity or to altered enzyme specificity. PMID- 7260886 TI - The molecular structure and charge distribution of phorbol: parent compound of the tumor promoting phorbol diesters. AB - The geometry of phorbol, parent compound of the very highly active tumor promoting phorbol diesters, was totally optimized starting from the crystal structure of phorbol-5-bromofuroate-chloroform solvate (Petterson et al., J. Chem. Soc. B980, 1968). The full optimization of all atomic positions was done quantum chemically using the MINDO/3 potential energy surface and a modified Davidon-Fletcher-Powell search for local minima. The molecular structure and details of the electronic charge distribution are presented. PMID- 7260887 TI - Karyotypic analysis of human ovarian carcinoma cells cloned in short term agar culture. AB - We report detailed chromosome banding analysis of six cases of ovarian adenocarcinoma cultured 24--96 hr in a recently developed bioassay for clonogenic tumor cells. The results of G and C banding revealed a variety of chromosome changes including the observation of a simple deletion for a portion of the long arm of chromosome #6, del(6)(pter leads to q15--21:), in tumor cells from four of six patients. Our study indicates that short-term agar culture can provide a valuable tool in the study of tumor cell karyology. A comparison of our results with previously published studies suggests that in addition to alterations of chromosome #1, the deletion of 6q may represent a characteristic chromosomal aberration in ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 7260888 TI - Cytogenetic studies on African Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines: t(8;14), t(2;8) and t(8;22) translocations. AB - Cytogenetic studies on ten African Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines were performed. The usual translocation t(8;14) (q24;q32) was found in five of them, a deletion del(8) (q24 leads to qter) in another one, while four variants were observed, two of these having a t(2;8) (p12;q24) translocation and two a t(8;22) (q24;q11) translocation. Other chromosome abnormalities were seen in seven of the cell lines, but these varied from one cell line to another. Thus, variant translocations, such as we describe here, are found in endemic BL cases. Two of these variants are identical to those previously identified in BL from nonendemic areas. The common chromosome abnormality of these BL cell lines was a rearrangement of the 8q24 band. The role of this constant cytogenetic change remains to be elucidated. PMID- 7260889 TI - Evolution of a normal karyotype in a mouse bladder epithelial cell line transformed in vitro. PMID- 7260890 TI - The influence of intraperitoneal injections of histamine on tumour growth in fibrosarcoma-bearing mice. AB - Twenty C57BL/6 male and 20 C3H female mice carrying a methyl cholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma received, daily, intraperitoneal injections of histamine dihydrochloride (1.8 mg or 6 mg histamine base/mouse). In all histamine-treated C57BL/6 mice, tumour growth was significantly slower than in control mice until day 18. Thereafter, the tumour growth rate of treated compared to control mice was accelerated. In 10 out of 20 C3H mice, tumour growth was significantly slower until day 25; in histamine responsive C3H mice, histological studies showed numerous and large loci of acute haemorrhagic necrosis in the tumours. PMID- 7260891 TI - Transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells by sodium bisulfite. AB - Exposure at neutral pH of Syrian hamster embryo cells (HEC) to non-lethal, non mutagenic doses of bisulfite, the physiological form of SO2, causes a dose dependent increase in transformation. When bisulfite is used in combination with UV irradiation, the induction of transformation is not synergistic. These results suggest that bisulfite transformation of HEC may not occur by a mechanism involving mutation. PMID- 7260892 TI - Pancreatic carcinogenic effect of N-nitrosobis (2-oxobutyl) amine and N-nitroso (2-oxobutyl) (2-oxopropyl) amine in Syrian hamster. AB - A single subcutaneous injection of N-nitrosobis(2-oxobutyl)amine (BOB) and N nitroso(2-oxobutyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (OBOB) induced a high incidence of pancreatic ductular neoplasms in Syrian hamsters. Both compounds showed a cytotoxic effect on pancreatic islet cells in toxic doses. Since both compounds, like N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP), can form cyclic structures resembling the hexose sugars and the glucose-moiety of the streptozotocin, it can be assumed that the ability of these 2 carcinogens to cyclize is important in their affinity for the pancreas. However, OBOP had a greater pancreatic carcinogenic effect than BOB, the primary target tissue of which was the liver. Hence factors other than cyclization, such as the presence of the 2-oxo group in the aliphatic chains, also appear to be important for the pancreatic carcinogenicity of this class of nitrosamines. PMID- 7260893 TI - Increased phosphorylation of a liver ribosomal protein in mice carrying ascites tumours. AB - The extent of phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in the livers of mice carrying the Krebs II ascites tumour has been examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Seven days after injection, an increase was observed in the amount of stained material migrating at the position of the phosphorylated derivatives of ribosomal protein S6, and there was also an increase in the proportion of ribosomes sedimenting as monosomes. The extent of phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in the ascites cells themselves was low. The findings are discussed in relation to the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in transformed cells and in other pathological states of the liver. PMID- 7260894 TI - New designs in inorganic ring systems as anticancer drugs. Antitumor activity of the aziridino (ethylene-imino) derivatives (NPAz2)2NSOX with X = F, Az, Ph. PMID- 7260895 TI - Attachment of human pancreatic tumor cell lines to collagen in vitro. AB - The attachment to purified collagens of three cell lines established from human pancreatic carcinomas was investigated. PANC-1 and CAPAN-1 cells attached to type I, III, and IV collagens in the absence of fetal bovine serum. MIA PaCa-2 cells, on the other hand, attached only to type IV collagen. In the case of MIA PaCa-2 cells, the attachment occurs more slowly and to a lesser extent. Increasing concentrations of fetal bovine serum had no effect on the attachment of PANC-1 and CAPAN-1 cells to the collagens. However, the attachment of MIA PaCa-2 cells to all the collagen types was greatly enhanced by 10% fetal bovine serum. This enhancement was shown to be due to the fibronectin present in the serum. PMID- 7260896 TI - Hormone-induced ductal DNA synthesis of human breast tissues maintained in the athymic nude mouse. AB - Five biopsy specimens of morphologically normal human breast tissues, obtained from the margins of five benign human breast tumors, were processed into slices (4.0 x 4.0 x 0.1 mm) and transplanted s.c. dorsally (eight to ten slices/mouse) into forty-three 6- to 8-week-old female BALB/c athymic nude mice. Each individual human breast tissue specimen was transplanted into seven to ten mice. After 30 days, the mice were divided into four groups and treated for 30 days as follows: (a) controls receiving s.c. cholesterol pellets (38 mg); (b) estrogens that were administered in s.c. pellets containing 2 mg 17 beta-estradiol and 38 mg cholesterol and in drinking water containing 0.5 mg estrone per liter; (c) rat pituitary tumor (RPT), a cell suspension of MtT-W10 RPT that secretes large amounts of prolactin and growth hormone, injected dorsorostrally; and (d) RPT plus estrogens. Three to five human breast tissue grafts were removed from each mouse at the onset of treatment, and the remainder were removed at termination of treatment. DNA synthesis in the ductal epithelium was determined in pre- and posttreatment grafts by [3H]thymidine autoradiography after incubation of grafts for 4 hr in an isotope-enriched medium. The labeling index (LI), mean number of labeled epithelial cells per unit area of epithelial tissue, in pre- and posttreatment grafts was, respectively: (a) control, 7.6 +/- 1.4 and 7.1 +/- 1.4; (b) estrogens, 5.5 +/- 0.6 and 17.9 +/- 2.3; (c) RPT, 6.2 +/- 0.7 and 8.0 +/- 1.5; and (d) RPT plus estrogens, 6.3 +/- 0.8 and 26.6 +/- 2.5. A significant increase in LI was observed after treatment with estrogens (p less than 0.05) or RPT plus estrogen (p less than 0.001). Mean LI after treatment with RPT plus estrogens was significantly greater (p less than 0.02) than after estrogens alone. RPT alone did not significantly alter the LI. Thus, these results provide in vivo evidence that estrogens enhance DNA synthesis of the ductal epithelium of the normal human breast and that a growth factor (or factors) from RPT acts synergistically with estrogens to produce a more pronounced increase in DNA synthesis. RPT growth factors (perhaps prolactin and/or growth hormone) appear to require estrogens for DNA synthesis stimulation in normal human breast ductal epithelium. PMID- 7260897 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen produced by somatic cell fusion. AB - Hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were generated by fusing mouse immune lymphocytes with the mouse myeloma variant cell line, NS-1. Antibody secreted by one cloned hybrid cell line could bind only a select portion of the CEA bound by the commercially available goat anti-CEA antiserum used in clinical assays. Radiolabeled CEA could be purified on a monoclonal antibody affinity column. Incorporation of this purified radiolabeled CEA in a double-antibody solid-phase assay with goat anti-CEA antiserum led to an approximately 2.5-fold increase in sensitivity of the assay. Genetically stable hybrid clones may be sources of virtually unlimited quantities of such antibodies which may have potential utility in improving the cancer specificity of clinical assays. PMID- 7260898 TI - Effects of hepatocarcinogens and hepatocarcinogenesis on the activity of rat liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase and observations on the electrophoretic behavior of this enzyme. PMID- 7260899 TI - Antiproliferative effects of corticosteroids in C3H/HeJ Mammary tumors and implications for sequential combination chemotherapy. AB - Corticosteroid-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor growth was studied in first-generation transplants (FGMT) of spontaneous C3H/HeJ mammary tumors (SMT). Competitive binding studies using the dextran-coated charcoal method demonstrated that both SMT and FGMT exhibit high-affinity, low-capacity cytoplasmic binding sites for corticosteroids. Free cytoplasmic binding sites, determined by Scatchard analysis of dexamethasone (DEX) binding data, were more abundant in SMT (323 +/- 45 fmol/mg) than in FGMT (199 +/- 35 fmol/mg). Apparent dissociation constants, 3.83 +/- 1.14 and 5.06 +/- 1.53 nM for SMT and FGMT, respectively, were consistent with those found in other corticosteroid-sensitive tissues. In vivo treatment of FGMT with DEX or methylprednisolone resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor growth. The recovery kinetics after three doses of either methylprednisolone or DEX (10 mg/kg every 12 hr) suggested reversible G1 progression delay. Changes in the [3H]thymidine labeling index after steroid treatment indicated maximal S-phase cellularity 18 to 24 hr after methylprednisolone and 42 to 48 hr after DEX. On the basis of regrowth delay measurements, the effectiveness of sequential therapy with corticosteroids and either 5-fluorouracil or especially vincristine was seen to be time sequence dependent. The most effective intervals were those in which vincristine and/or 5-fluorouracil was given to coincide with maximal S-phase cellularity after steroid treatments. PMID- 7260900 TI - Pharmacological disposition and metabolic fate of 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine in mice and rats. PMID- 7260901 TI - Lack of correlation between the response to a proliferation inhibitor and other transformation markers in a mutant liver cell line. AB - A rat liver factor, which has been found previously to inhibit proliferation of untransformed rat liver cell lines but not of transformed liver cell lines, did not inhibit proliferation of the chemically transformed rat liver cell line, W-8. Moreover, a temperature-sensitive mutant derived from W-8 (TS-223), which exhibits an untransformed phenotype at 39.5-41 degrees and a transformed phenotype at 36 degrees, was not affected by the liver factor at either temperature. Since the factor can be incubated at 41 degrees for 4 days without loss of activity, it would seem that the regulation of cell proliferation is not necessarily linked with the expression of other markers of transformed cells. PMID- 7260902 TI - Biological properties of the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line SW 620 grown as a xenograft in the athymic mouse. AB - The biological and cell kinetic properties of the poorly differentiated human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line SW 620 grown as xenografts in BALB/c athymic mice are described. The SW 620 cells consistently produced tumors when inoculated i.v., i.p., and s.c. The lowest cell inoculum requirements were seen i.p. where 10(7) cells produced a 100% incidence. Intravenous inocula (10(5) to 10(8) cells) produced microscopic lung colonies within 30 days, becoming macroscopic nodules after 60 days. Subcutaneous tumors exhibited a marked Revesz effect, using a thromboplastic brain extract which increased both tumor incidence and growth rate. All SW 620 xenografts presented a poorly differentiated morphology with extensive necrotic foci. No metastatic involvement was noted in any murine tissues. No demonstrable levels of carcinoembryonic antigen were present in the sera of animals bearing s.c. xenografts greater than 5.0 cu cm. Early SW 620 xenografts (0.3 to 0.6 cu cm) exhibited a characteristically human cell kinetic profile (Tc congruent to 34 to 43 hr; Ts congruent to 22 hr), with a growth fraction of 30.5% as measured by the primer-available DNA polymerase-index and a high cell loss factor (45%). Among late xenografts (1.1 to 1.6 cu cm), the kinetic events noted were an increase in the Tc, cell loss and, unexpectedly, an increase in the primer-available DNA polymerase index. A colony formation assay was established with the use of mechanical mincing plus collagenase (150 IU/ml; 37 degrees; 30 min), which produced a mean plating efficiency of 33.6 +/- 7.2% (S.E.) for s.c. xenografts (range, 14.6 to 51.0%). The SW 620 xenograft model possesses the biological and cell kinetic profile of many human colonic adenocarcinomas in situ. These properties, coupled with the capacity for large scale xenograft production, should provide a clinically relevant model for the screening of potential antitumor agents and procedures. PMID- 7260903 TI - Augmentation of the development of immune responses of mice against allogeneic tumor cells after adriamycin treatment. AB - In C57BL/6J mice, depending on the dose of P815 cells used for immunization, Adriamycin exerted different effects on the cell-mediated lytic response and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. At the dose of 3 X 10(7) P815 cells, Adriamycin treatment had no apparent effect on cell-mediated lytic response regardless of timing of drug treatment. At lower doses of antigen (10(7) or 5 X 10(6) cells), the response was augmented in Adriamycin-pretreated mice. Similarly, under conditions which led to a suboptimal complement-dependent humoral response of untreated control, Adriamycin pretreatment resulted in an augmented response; under conditions of maximal response, Adriamycin was suppressive. Suppression was maximal if the drug was injected at either the same time or shortly before or after antigen. The cell-mediated lytic response was proportional to the dose of antigen used, while the complement-dependent humoral lytic response was inversely proportional to dose of antigen in the range used in these experiments. Secondary cell-mediated lytic response in culture was also augmented if mice had been pretreated with Adriamycin 5 days before the primary immunization. The cell-mediated lytic response of spleen and peritoneal exudate cells from mice immunized with relatively low doses of P815 cells 5 days after treatment with Adriamycin was increased 12 to 15 days after immunization. The cytotoxic effects were present in both plastic adherent and nonadherent fractions of either spleen or peritoneal cell populations. All these effector cells were found to be anti-Thy 1.2 sensitive. The phagocytic activity of spleen cells was increased after immunization, but no drug effect was observed; following 24 hr of culture, however, cells from drug-treated immunized donors had increased phagocytic activity as compared to that of controls. Increased phagocytosis also developed in cells nonadherent to plastic. PMID- 7260904 TI - Changes in tumor-specific nuclear antigen activity in carcinogen-treated colon by tumor promoter and carcinogen inhibitors. AB - Changes in the immunospecificity of the nuclear antigens were demonstrated in the colon chromatin of rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Tumor-specific nuclear antigen appeared in the early stages of chemically induced colon carcinogenesis. Sodium barbiturate, in conjunction with the carcinogen, induced a higher level of nuclear antigen activity than that obtained with carcinogen alone. The rise of immunoactivity in carcinogen-treated colon chromatin can be abolished by simultaneous treatment with disulfiram or butylated hydroxytoluene. PMID- 7260905 TI - Protection against adriamycin-induced skin necrosis in the rat by dimethyl sulfoxide and alpha-tocopherol. AB - Extravasation of Adriamycin during i.v. infusion can cause serious local complications. We have used a rat skin model to study the protection afforded by dimethyl sulfoxide and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) against Adriamycin-induced skin necrosis. Topical daily application of 1 ml dimethyl sulfoxide for 2 days produced a small decrease in ulcer diameter of up to 11% at 2 weeks. Topical daily applications of 1 ml 10% alpha-tocopherol succinate in dimethyl sulfoxide for 2 days produced a marked decrease in ulcer diameter at 2 weeks of up to 68%. Daily topical application of 1 ml 10% alpha-tocopherol succinate in dimethyl sulfoxide for 7 days offered no greater protection than 2-day application. alpha Tocopherol acetate appeared to have activity slightly less than that of alpha tocopherol succinate in reducing ulcer size, and both compounds were considerably more active than was alpha-tocopherol alcohol. Administration of alpha-tocopherol succinate or alpha-tocopherol acetate i.p. had no significant effect upon ulcer diameter. Topically applied dimethyl sulfoxide and alpha-tocopherol may provide an effective way of treating accidentally extravasated Adriamycin in cancer patients. PMID- 7260906 TI - Effects of tunicamycin on B16 metastatic melanoma cell surface glycoproteins and blood-borne arrest and survival properties. AB - The role of cell surface glycoproteins in determining in vivo blood-borne arrest and survival characteristics of murine melanoma sublines of low (B16-F1) or high (B16-F10) potential to form experimental lung metastases after injection i.v. was assessed after inhibiting tumor cell protein glycosylation with tunicamycin. Incubation of B16-F1 or B16-F10 cells with 0.5 micrograms (or above) tunicamycin per ml for 12 to 36 hr inhibited significantly lung tumor colony formation. Examination of B16 cells in the presence of 0.5 micrograms drug per ml indicated that complex oligosaccharide synthesis was inhibited greater than 90%, while protein synthesis remained at about 50% of the control levels. Tunicamycin induced morphological changes in B16-F1 and B16-F10 cells such as cellular rounding. Cell growth was also inhibited by tunicamycin. These effects were reversible, and B16 cells recovered their normal morphologies and growth rates within 24 hr after removal of the drug. Exposed cell surface protein analyzed by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed 125I iodination-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-autoradiography showed few changes after tunicamycin treatment; however, sialogalactoproteins (detected by the binding of 125I-labeled R. communis agglutinin I to polyacrylamide gels containing desialized B16 cell surface components) were reduced dramatically by the drug. The adhesive properties of untreated and tunicamycin-treated B16 cells were assessed by the binding of 51Cr-labeled B16 cells to endothelial cell monolayers. Tunicamycin treated B16-F1 and B16-F10 cells adhered at lower rates to endothelial cells such that after 24 to 36 hr of drug (0.5 micrograms/ml) treatment adhesion was almost completely blocked, suggesting that tunicamycin-induced cell surface glycoprotein changes in B16 melanoma cells may interfere with tumor cell-host cell interactions that lead to arrest and survival of blood-borne malignant cells. PMID- 7260907 TI - Synergistic effects with inhibitors of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, acivicin, and N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid. AB - Acivicin, an inhibitor of L-glutamine-dependent amidotransferases, is active against the murine L1210 and P388 leukemia models. Cytidine triphosphate synthetase has been proposed as the primary target for this agent. Our results demonstrate that Acivicin is also an inhibitor of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. This inhibition results in the depletion of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools and explains the effect of this agent on DNA synthesis. Further, Acivicin is synergistic with N-(phosphonacetyl)-L aspartic acid, another inhibitor of de novo pyrimidine synthesis. The combination of these agents results in a more than additive depletion of deoxycytidine triphosphate pools which may account for their synergism in inhibiting cellular growth. Thus, the inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis by Acivicin may be useful in modulating the effects of certain antimetabolites or other inhibitors of this pathway. PMID- 7260908 TI - Selective decrease of the viability and the sterol content of proliferating versus quiescent glioma cells exposed to 25-hydroxycholesterol. AB - The effects of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC), a potent inhibitor of sterol synthesis, on the growth, viability, and sterol content of C-6 rat glioma cells have been studied. Suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and sterol synthesis in cells that were proliferating in medium supplemented with lipoprotein-poor fetal calf serum caused an arrest of growth after 24 hr. Prolonged incubation of serum-supplemented cells with 25-OHC resulted in a loss of morphological integrity and an 80% decline in cell viability, determined by trypan blue dye exclusion. In contrast, C-6 cells that were induced to enter a quiescent state by removal of serum from the medium remained viable and morphologically differentiated in the presence of 25-OHC. Following the addition of whole fetal calf serum to the medium, serum-free cells that had been incubated with 25-OHC for 3 days were able to resume proliferation. the selective killing of proliferating C-6 glioma cells by 25-OHC was correlated with a 45 to 50% decline in the sterol/phospholipid molar ratio, whereas the sterol/phospholipid ratio in the quiescent cells was not affected by 25-OHC. The results suggest that inhibitors of sterol synthesis may have potential as agents that might selectively decrease the growth and viability of glioma cells in the central nervous system without detriment to the normal nondividing neural cells. PMID- 7260909 TI - Alkylation of intracellular and extracellular DNA by dimethylnitrosamine following activation by isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Freshly prepared rat hepatocytes isolated by perfusion with collagenase were able to metabolize microM concentrations of dimethylnitrosamine to a methylating agent. The methylation of hepatocyte DNA in this system was complete within 2 hr, and after this time, the content of O6-methylguanine in the DNA declined, showing that the repair system for this product was active in the isolated hepatocytes. When extracellular calf thymus DNA was added to the incubated hepatocytes, this also became methylated. Methylation of this DNA was not due to cell lysis releasing activating enzymes into the medium, showing that the methylating species formed by the hepatocytes from dimethylnitrosamine is sufficiency stable to pass out of the cell in substantial amounts. These results support the possibility that alkylation of liver cells would not be confined to those cells metabolizing dimethylnitrosamine but could be extended to those cells which are in close proximity to the activating cells. These cells could include nonparenchymal cells which are known to be targets for the carcinogenic action of dimethylnitrosamine. PMID- 7260910 TI - Induction of lymphomas in mice by busulfan and chloramphenicol. AB - Busulfan causes long-lasting defects in the hematopoietic stem cells and in the immune system of mice. We designed studies to determine whether chloramphenicol further damaged the already defective hematopoietic stem cells of mice that were pretreated with busulfan, and we unexpectedly observed that mice given injections of the combination of busulfan and chloramphenicol developed lymphomas in relatively high incidence. The disease is invariably associated with splenomegaly and enlargement of the thymus. Leukocytosis with lymphoblasts in the peripheral blood occurred in some affected mice. The malignant cell is a lymphoblast of thymic origin. Thirteen of 37 mice which received both busulfan and chloramphenicol developed lymphomas. An additional five of the remaining 24 mice without proven lymphoma died and were not autopsied. Twelve of the 13 proven lymphomas developed within 280 days from the start of the experiment. Four of the 35 mice treated with busulfan alone developed lymphomas, and an additional five of the remaining 31 died but were not autopsied. Two of 41 mice treated with only chloramphenicol developed lymphomas. Of the mice treated with either busulfan or chloramphenicol alone that developed lymphomas, all did so more than 280 days from the start of the experiment. None of the control mice developed lymphoma. We conclude that both busulfan and chloramphenicol may induced lymphomas in mice that are not known to develop them spontaneously. The combination of both busulfan and chloramphenicol increased the frequency and accelerated the onset of the disease. PMID- 7260911 TI - Amelioration of adriamycin and daunorubicin myocardial toxicity by adenosine. AB - Primary cultures of rat myocardial cells were used to investigate the dose and time-dependent cellular enzyme release induced by either Adriamycin or daunorubicin, Concentrations of either anthracycline (1.8 or 18 microM) produced significant release of creatine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase from myocardial cells within 24 hr of exposure without a detectable decrease in cell viability. Preincubation of the myocardial cells with varying concentrations of adenosine (10 microM to 1 mM) for 24 hr prior to the addition of anthracycline decreased or prevented drug-induced enzyme release. Other putative myocardial protectants, i.e., N-acetyl-L-cysteine, alpha-tocopherol, or carnitine, were ineffective in preventing anthracycline-induced enzyme release. Although adenosine was an effective myocardial protectant, it had no significant effect on cellular uptake of daunorubicin, nor did adenosine adversely affect the oncolytic activity of daunorubicin against L1210 leukemia cells in vitro. Anthramycin, another oncolytic agent having reported cardiotoxic effects, was also tested in the in vitro system. With this drug, however, no enzyme release was detected at less than lethal doses nor did adenosine have any protective potential against the toxicity of anthramycin. Finally, Adriamycin caused no significant lactic dehydrogenase release when incubated at 1.8 or 18 microM with H9c2 cells, a cell line having primarily skeletal muscle characteristics. This result suggests a specific toxicity of anthracyclines for myocardial but not skeletal muscle cells. PMID- 7260912 TI - Flow cytometry studies of intracellular adriamycin in multicell spheroids in vitro. AB - A marked gradient of Adriamycin uptake in cells of tissue-like multicell spheroids in vitro has been demonstrated by fluorescence photomicroscopy and flow microfluorimetry techniques. As expected, this gradient led to an increased net survival for cells from Adriamycin-treated spheroids relative to monolayers and markedly greater clonogenicity of central spheroid cells than external cells selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Growth of cells as spheroids seemed to impart an additional degree of drug resistance relative to cells grown as monolayers, in that equal toxicity required greater intracellular fluorescence (and thus more Adriamycin) for the spheroid cells. The flow cytometry techniques thus provide a mechanism for quantification of Adriamycin penetration into spheroids and provide a method for selection of cells from various depths within the spheroid. PMID- 7260913 TI - Adoptive immunity to the guinea pig line 10 hepatoma and the nature of in vitro lymphoid-tumor cell interactions. AB - Adoptive transfer of spleen cells from specifically immunized donors to nonimmunized recipients was used to study tumor immunity in vivo to the syngeneic line 10 guinea pig hepatoma. Hepatoma cells cultured as monolayers on fibronectin coated surfaces served as targets for immune splenocytes in a 3H release cytotoxicity assay in vitro. An antigenically distinct syngeneic guinea pig hepatoma (line 1) was used to study the specificity of adoptive systemic immunity and of the cytotoxicity in vitro. The protection afforded by adoptive immunization against challenge with hepatoma cells was tumor line specific, while in most cases cytotoxicity in vitro was not. The in vitro cytotoxic effect was abolished after absorption of the immune spleen cells with monolayers of either line 10 or line 1. In contrast, the in vivo tumor-specific rejection activity of line 10 immune spleen cells was depleted after absorption with line 10 but not with line 1 or other control monolayers. These studies revealed that the immune cells mediating cytotoxicity in vitro were functionally distinct from those conveying adoptive protection in vivo. Immune cells possessed receptors for tumor specific rejection antigens on hepatoma cells, and their interaction did not lead to destruction of the neoplastic cells in vitro. PMID- 7260914 TI - Rate of heating as a determinant of hyperthermic cytotoxicity. AB - In Chinese hamster ovary cells and in normal and transformed rat embryonic fibroblasts, survival as a function of time at 42.4 degrees was dependent upon the rate of heating from 37 degrees to 42.4 degrees. Unexpectedly, the untransformed rat fibroblasts were more heat sensitive than were the transformed cells, and the protective effect of slow rates of heating upon survival at 42.4 degrees was also more pronounced in the normal cells than in the transformed cells. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, total cellular cholesterol content and cell volume were found to change significantly with time at 42.4 degrees when cells were heated immediately (37 to 42.4 degrees within 3 min) but did not vary significantly during 6 hr at 42.4 degrees in cells heated from 37 to 42.4 degrees over 3 hr. Chinese hamster ovary cells heated immediately to 42.4 degrees also showed a significant drop in the protein content of the particulate fraction with time at 42.4 degrees. In contrast, cells heated over 3 hr showed a significant increase in the protein content of the particulate fraction with time at 42.4 degrees. These data suggest that, if cells are heated to hyperthermic temperatures over sufficiently long intervals, mechanisms have time to develop which protect the cell membrane against changes associated with cell death in rapidly heated cells. The protective effect of slow rates of heating may partially explain the relative lack of success thus far observed with the use of whole-body hyperthermia in which heating from 37 degrees to 42 degrees often requires 2 to 3 hr. PMID- 7260916 TI - Role of aldehyde dehydrogenase in the metabolism-dependent biological activity of cyclophosphamide. PMID- 7260915 TI - Pharmacokinetics of vincristine sulfate in adult cancer patients. AB - Vincristine concentration in serum from 1 min to 72 hr was measured by radioimmunoassay in 14 patients with cancers following i.v. bolus injection of vincristine sulfate at 0.45 to 1.30 mg/sq m. The pharmacokinetic data were analyzed by a nonlinear least-square regression program NONLIN. A three compartmental open model fitted the raw data better than a two-compartmental model. The mean half-lives of the triphasic decay curves alpha, beta, and gamma were 1.9, 19.2, and 1359 min (22.6 hr), respectively. The apparent volume of the central compartment and the volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) per 1.73 sq m body surface area were 4.1 and 167.6 liters, respectively. The plasma clearance was 141.9 ml/min/1.73 sq m, and the area under the concentration X time curve from 0 to infinity (AUC0 infinity) for 2 mg vincristine was 21,689 nM.min. Linear regression analysis of the data gave evidence for increasing plasma clearance at higher doses of vincristine. In patients with higher platelet counts, lower AUC0 infinity values were obtained, suggesting a possible interaction of vincristine with blood platelets. Our results, a large Vdss, a long biological half-life, and a low rate-limiting rate constant from Compartment 3 to the central compartment (k31), indicate an avid tissue binding and a slow drug release from the body tissues which may account for drug-related neurotoxicity. PMID- 7260917 TI - Role of glutathione in the metabolism-dependent toxicity and chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide. AB - The role of glutathione in the biological effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) was evaluated by investigating the following: effect of CP on hepatic glutathione levels; relationship between hepatic glutathione depletion (repletion) and the binding of [chloroethyl-3H]CP and [4-14C]CP to hepatic macromolecules; effects of interaction between CP (or acrolein) and diethyl maleate (a classical glutathione depletor), and/or between CP and cysteine on the binding of labeled CP to hepatic macromolecules, on the induction of hematuria, on the content of hepatic cytochrome P-450, on weight gain in rats, on survival in mice, and on the chemotherapeutic efficacy of CP against Walker 256 carcinoma in rats. CP and acrolein produced dose-dependent depletion of hepatic glutathione in mice, whereas phosphoramide mustard was at least one order of magnitude less effective. Acrolein caused death in mice; CP became covalently bound to hepatic macromolecules, prevented weight gain in rats, and produced hematuria and depression of hepatic cytochrome P-450 in vivo. These effects of CP (or acrolein) were enhanced by diethyl maleate but partially blocked by cysteine. On the other hand, reduction in the volume of Walker 256 carcinoma in rats by CP was not antagonized by cysteine. All these investigations point to the following conclusions: (a) acrolein produced during the metabolism of CP binds to proteins and, by doing so may denature these proteins; and (b) acrolein in vivo preferentially reacts with glutathione, and sulfhydryl-containing compounds may protect against acrolein toxicity and at the same time not interfere with the chemotherapeutic activity of CP. PMID- 7260918 TI - Effects of dieldrin, diet, and bedding on enzyme function and tumor incidence in livers of male CF-1 mice. AB - The effects of naturally occurring microsomal enzyme inducers on hepatocellular drug-metabolizing enzyme systems and also upon the incidence of "spontaneous" liver tumors in CF-1 mice were investigated, using animals maintained on semisynthetic diet and filter-paper bedding as controls. The administration of dieldrin, a potent microsomal enzyme inducer with tumorigenic properties in livers of CF-1 mice, to some of the experimental treatment groups served as a positive control. Conventional diet and sawdust bedding caused induction of the liver monooxygenase system, although this effect was far less pronounced than that produced by dieldrin. The incidence of liver tumors in mice exposed to conventional diet and sawdust bedding was similar to that seen in the control group. The incidence of liver tumors was significantly increased in dieldrin treated mice, including those maintained on semisynthetic diet and filter-paper bedding. Both benign and malignant tumors were found in dieldrin-treated mice, the latter type of lesion showing evidence of lung metastasis. These results, together with evidence that dieldrin and its mammalian metabolites possess neither genotoxic activity nor potential, are consistent with the concept that dieldrin exacerbates or facilitates the expression of a preexisting oncogenic factor which is genetically linked and possibly viral in origin. PMID- 7260919 TI - Transformation-sensitive protein with molecular weight of 45,000 secreted by mouse fibroblasts. AB - The [35S]methionine-labeled proteins released in the medium conditioned by normal and transformed mouse fibroblasts have been analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Three major proteins, fibronectin, procollagens, and a protein with a molecular weight of 45,000 (45K protein) have been identified. The 45K protein, which has not yet been described, accounts for about 30% of the proteins released by control 3T3 fibroblasts or mouse embryo cultures. Quantitation of the radioactivity incorporated by the 45K protein indicated a 10- to 15-fold decrease in 3T3 fibroblasts transformed by Kirsten, Abelson, or Rous sarcoma viruses. The amounts of fibronectin and procollagens released in the medium by transformed cells were also reduced by factors of 3- and 5-fold, respectively. Pulse chase experiments have shown that the decreased level of the 45K protein in the medium of transformed cells cannot be explained by a reduced rate of secretion or by extracellular proteolytic degradation. It is not known, however, whether decreased synthesis is responsible for this alteration. The "tumor promoter" phorbol myristate acetate, which is known to induce many of the alterations associated with neoplastic cells, also induced 3T3 fibroblasts to release the 45K protein in amounts comparable to that of transformed cells. Thus, this protein represents a new molecular marker of oncoviral transformation. PMID- 7260920 TI - Quantitative estimation of endogenous nitrosation in humans by monitoring N nitrosoproline excreted in the urine. AB - Endogenous formation of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) was demonstrated by monitoring its excretion in the urine of a male volunteer who had ingested vegetable juice, as a source of nitrate, and proline. The resulting NPRO was analyzed after derivatization by combined gas-liquid chromatography thermal energy analysis. The amount of total NPRO excreted in the urine was found to be proportional to the proline dose and increased exponentially with the nitrate dose ingested. Neither nitrate nor proline, when taken alone, led to a detectable increase in NPRO in urine. The amounts of NPRO formed (as estimated from the amounts excreted within 24 hr) after dosing 325 mg nitrate (NO3-) followed by 500 mg proline, ranged from 16.6 to 30.0 (mean, 23.3) micrograms per person. The simultaneous intake of ascorbic acid or alpha-tocopherol inhibited nitrosation of proline in vivo. Monitoring of NPRO or other N-nitroso compounds excreted in the urine thus appears to be a suitable procedure for estimating daily human exposure to endogenously formed N-nitroso compounds. PMID- 7260921 TI - Effect of butyric acid on tumor promotion: a correction. PMID- 7260922 TI - On the lipid fluidity of malignant lymphoid cell membranes. PMID- 7260923 TI - Workshop on Fat and Cancer. Sponsored by the Diet, Nutrition and Cancer Program of the National Cancer Institute. Held at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, December 10 - 12, 1979. PMID- 7260924 TI - Introduction to the workshop on fat and cancer. PMID- 7260925 TI - Techniques for carcinogenicity studies. AB - Short-term tests to detect genetic, chromosomal, or DNA damage are now required by regulatory agencies for any new compound proposed for commercial production. Furthermore, full-scale carcinogenicity tests may be required for certain compounds. In this circumstance, the compound-related factors including stability, purity, physical properties, and chemical structure and reactivity must be considered. Animal factors include species and strain of test animal, route of administration, age, sex, diet, and spontaneous tumor incidence. A team of qualified investigators with experience in various disciplines is required to conduct the studies properly. Quality control measures and adherence to the code of good laboratory practice are also necessary during all phases of the study. The investment in a carcinogenicity study therefore becomes fairly substantial in terms of both time and money. PMID- 7260926 TI - Neutral fats and cancer. AB - High-fat diets enhance the development of mammary and intestinal tumors on animals, and dietary fat also shows a strong positive correlation with mortality from cancers of the breast and colon in human populations. In animals, dietary fat appears to act as a promoter of carcinogenesis rather than as an influence in the initiation of tumors. Polyunsaturated fats enhance mammary tumorigenesis and stimulate tumor growth more effectively than do saturated fats. However, diets containing a small amount of polyunsaturated fat and a high level of saturated fat increase mammary tumor yields as effectively as do diets containing a high level of polyunsaturated fat. Fatty acids of either the linoleate or linolenate family appear to be able to satisfy the small requirement for polyunsaturated fat. The mechanism by which dietary fat influences mammary tumorigenesis is not known but may involve hormonal effects, immune responses, to alterations in cellular membranes. Dietary fat is thought to enhance the development of intestinal tumors by stimulating production of bile acids, some of which act as promoters of tumorigenesis. PMID- 7260927 TI - Lipids and immune function. AB - There is in vitro and in vivo evidence to suggest that dietary lipids play a role in modulating immune function. A review of the current literature on the interrelationships among dietary lipids, blood cholesterol levels, immunosuppression, and tumorigenesis makes for a very strong argument that (a) immunosuppression may be causally related to lymphoproliferative disorders, as well as to tumorigenesis and (b) diets high in polyunsaturated fat, relative to diets high in saturated fat, are more immunosuppressive and are better promotors of tumorigenesis. The effects of dietary fat on immune function seem to be mediated though its component parts, the unsaturated fatty acids, specially linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic. It is not clear how these components affect immune function. Several studies suggest that one effect is mediated by altering the lipid component of the cell membrane and thus its fluidity; the more fluid the membrane, the less responsive it is. Thus, fluidity of both immune cells and those to be destroyed or protected may be affected. The effects of saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids may be mediated by modulating serum lipoprotein levels, prostaglandin metabolism, and cholesterol concentrations and metabolism. PMID- 7260928 TI - Obesity, hormones, and cancer. AB - Obesity is a physiological state associated with alterations in hormone production and metabolism. These hormonal changes may bear on the increased risk for selected neoplastic disorders. Obesity is associated with increased estrone production in young and older women as well as in men. The source of this increased estrogen appears to be extragonadal metabolism of the prehormone androstenedione, which increases 3- to 4-fold in proportion to the obesity. In severe obesity, androstenedione production itself may be increased, providing extra prehormone for conversion to estrogens. In addition, obesity appears to shift peripheral metabolism of estradiol, resulting in decreased excretion of catechol estrogens which in turn may influence target organ stimulation. Testosterone production is unchanged in obesity; however, there are decreased levels of sex hormone-binding beta-globulin leading to increased clearance rates and spuriously low levels of circulating testosterone in both obese men and obese women. Alterations in sex hormone-binding beta-globulin may further lead to changes in "free" estradiol, which may play a role in target organ stimulation. Other changes noted in obesity include: (a) increased excretion of corticoid metabolites; (b) increased secretion of insulin but decreased insulin effectiveness; (c) blunted growth hormone responses to various challenges; and (d) possibly blunted prolactin responsiveness. There are no reasons at present to suspect that these changes influence cancer risk. With weight loss, sex hormone binding beta-globulin changes are restored toward normal as are the elevated plasma estrogens and decreased testosterone levels. BEcause weight loss and dieting per se are associated with many physiological changes, hormonal measurements during these times are difficult to interpret. Few studies to date have been performed in formerly obese patients stabilized at their new weight. PMID- 7260929 TI - Lipids and atherosclerosis. AB - More than 50 years ago the observation was made that the prevalence of atherosclerosis is unusually low among some of the world's populations. Shortly thereafter came the suggestion that this circumstance is due to the low fat content of their diets and the low cholesterol concentration in their blood. Efforts to apply this thinking for the benefit of human health have taken various turns. The first approach was to recommend a low-fat diet. It was thought that the type of fat in the diet was immaterial and that the dietary cholesterol content made no difference either. Later, it was shown that excellent falls in blood cholesterol could be obtained with high-fat diets if most of the fat was polyunsaturated. Dietary cholesterol was found to play a role, but it must be held at exceptionally low levels before its importance becomes evident. Recently, we have become fearful of excessively high intakes of polyunsaturated fats because no population has consumed such a diet over a long period of time and because of suggestive experimental and epidemiological evidence that the incidence of some forms of cancer may be increased. A low-fat, low-cholesterol diet is the preferred prescription for hyperlipidemia. PMID- 7260930 TI - Reassessment of the role of dietary fat in cancer etiology. AB - The role of dietary fat in cancer etiology is briefly discussed in terms of several major types of epidemiological evidence: geographic correlations, migrant studies, low-risk populations, and dietary modification trials. It appears that there is no conclusive evidence that lowering dietary fat intake will result in lowering the cancer death rate. Furthermore, it appears possible to have a relatively low death rate from "diet-related" cancers with an average fat intake. However, in order to fully assess the fat hypothesis, it is important to identify and carefully study a group of Americans with a genuine low-fat diet. PMID- 7260931 TI - Protocol for a study of nutritional factors and the low risk of colon cancer in Southern retirement areas. AB - Colon cancer shows a distinct geographic pattern in the United States, with mortality rates in the Northeast exceeding those in the South by about 50%. The North-South gradient remains even after adjustment for differences in urbanization and socioeconomic status. Those counties in the South that attract large numbers of retirees from the North retain the low colon mortality rates characteristic of the South, even at older ages. This observation implies either that certain life-style changes associated with migration at retirement rapidly reduce the risk of colon cancer or that individuals migrate selectively, based on some correlate of health. A specific hypothesis related to the former possibility is that consumption of fruits and vegetables, and the associated vitamin C, carotene, and fiber, is elevated in the South and related to the reduced risk of colon cancer. A protocol is presented for a case-control interview study in Southern retirement areas to assess these possible explanations. A detailed residential history, as well as information on frequency of consumption of specific foods, food groups, and micronutrients, will be collected by interview and will be complemented by selected serum micronutrient determinations and fecal mutagenicity assays. PMID- 7260933 TI - Food supply studies and consumption survey statistics on fat in United States diets. AB - Studies of the fat content of food available for consumption per capita in the United States (food supply) and the average food intakes of individuals collected in the United States Department of Agriculture Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys (1909 to 1979) are reviewed to show levels and trends in the consumption of fat. PMID- 7260932 TI - Dietary fat intake and cancer incidence among five ethnic groups in Hawaii. AB - Average daily intakes of several components of fat in the diets of the five main ethnic groups in Hawaii were determined from personal interviews of 4137 subjects regarding their food consumption in a usual week. In general, fat intake was highest among Caucasians and lowest among Filipinos. Cholesterol intake did not follow the same pattern as that of the other fat components. The intake of total fat showed good correlation with the ethnic-specific incidence rates of breast cancer in Hawaii but not with colon or prostate cancer rates. There was no correlation of cholesterol intake with colon cancer incidence. PMID- 7260934 TI - Some methodological issues in epidemiological studies of fat and cancer. AB - Three types of approach to the study of the possible relationship between fat and cancer are discussed, namely, correlational, case-control, and cohort studies. The advantages and limitations of each method are analyzed, and it is emphasized that a necessary prerequisite to direct observational studies in humans is the development of a satisfactory and uniform method of a diet assessment. Despite the problems, epidemiological research in this area offers considerable potential for cancer prevention. PMID- 7260935 TI - Working Group I: epidemiology--lipid-related studies. Summary of deliberations. PMID- 7260936 TI - Working Group II: fatty acids, steroids, and cancer. Introduction. PMID- 7260937 TI - Cholesterol excretion and colon cancer. AB - Populations consuming diets high in fat and cholesterol exhibit a greater incidence of colon cancer than those consuming less fat and cholesterol. Lowering elevated serum cholesterol levels experimentally or clinically is associated with increased large-bowel tumorigenesis. Thus, cholesterol lost to the gut, either dietary or endogenously synthesized, appears to have a role in large-bowel cancer. Whether the effect(s) is mediated by increases in fecal bile acid excretion or some other mechanism is not clear. PMID- 7260938 TI - Effects of dietary fat on incidence of spontaneous and induced cancer in mice. AB - A study was done to evaluate the effect of quantity and degree of saturation of dietary fat on the incidence of spontaneous tumors in male and female Swiss mice and in female C3H mice and on the incidence of tumors induced by s.c. administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in Swiss mice. Diets contained 5 or 17% fat substituted isocalorically for sucrose in a semipurified diet. Gross autopsy results suggest that the quantity of dietary fat, when fed isocalorically, did not appreciably influence the incidence of spontaneous or DMH induced tumors in these mouse strains. Mice fed 17% of the triene fat generally had a higher incidence of liver tumors than corresponding groups fed the saturated fat. High levels (0.5%) of butylated hydroxyanisole protected female C3H mice from spontaneous liver tumors, but low levels of butylated hydroxyanisole (200 ppm of fat) did not protect. Neither level of butylated hydroxyanisole influenced tumor incidence in CD-1 mice. The absence of gross bowel tumors in animals given DMH was unexpected but may be related to the levels of cholesterol and fiber in the diets, since these factors are reported to influence the effects of DMH. PMID- 7260939 TI - Comments on the effects of dietary trans-fatty acids in humans. AB - Papers presented at this Workshop report clues which suggest further research on the role of dietary fat in the etiology of some forms of cancer. The research has not yet yielded information which can be used to make responsible dietary recommendations to the public. The suggestion that dietary animal fats are associated with "fat-related" cancers is not well documented. Virtually all of the increase in fat consumption in the United States during the 20th century has been due to vegetable fats. Many of these vegetable oils are partially hydrogenated, resulting in the accumulation of significant amounts of trans-fatty acids in such products as margarines and shortenings. It is suggested that more research attention should be given to the effects of dietary trans-fatty acids on animal physiology. PMID- 7260940 TI - Working Group II: fatty acids, steroids, and cancer. Summary of proceedings. PMID- 7260941 TI - Working Group III: lipid metabolites and intestinal flora. Introduction. PMID- 7260942 TI - Bile acid synthesis in humans. AB - Metabolic pathways involved in the conversion of cholesterol to cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids have been investigated in bile fistula patients treated with a number of labeled potential bile acid intermediates. The findings of the present report indicate that the human liver cell has the capacity to synthesize both primary bile acids via multiple routes from cholesterol and 7 alpha hydroxycholesterol. Evidence has been obtained for the existence of a major pathway to chenodeoxycholic acid via the 26-hydroxylation of 7 alpha hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one. Cholic acid is synthesized preferentially via pathways from 5 beta-cholestane 3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol and a pathway from cholesterol not involving an initial 7 alpha-hydroxylation. PMID- 7260943 TI - Effects of bile acids on colon carcinogenesis in rats treated with carcinogens. AB - Primary bile acids were studied as possible colon tumor promoters or inhibitors in a rat model of chemically induced colon cancer. Cholic acid feeding increased the number of animals with tumors, the number of tumors per animal, and the number of tumors per tumor-bearing animal. Tumor enhancement was attributed to deoxycholic acid, the bacterial metabolite of cholic acid. When chenodeoxycholic acid was fed to the rats in our model, tumor incidence was increased, but the number of tumors per animal and the number of tumors per tumor-bearing animal were similar to controls. The different fecal bile acid pattern obtained with chenodeoxycholic acid may be responsible for the differences in tumor incidence. The methodology to characterize and identify all steroidal components of the feces requires extraction, thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Newer techniques include LH-20 chromatography (for sulfated steroids) and high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7260944 TI - Effect of diet on excretion of estrogens in pre- and postmenopausal women. AB - Fecal, urinary, and plasma estrogens and plasma androgens were studied in healthy pre- and postmenopausal vegetarian and omnivorous women. Dietary histories of the subjects revealed that omnivores consumed a higher percentage of total protein and fat from animal sources. The total 72-hr fecal excretion as measured by dry weight was higher for vegetarians. Preliminary results indicate that vegetarian women excrete 2 to 3 times more estrogens in feces than do omnivores and that omnivores have about 50% higher mean plasma level of unconjugated estrone and estradiol than vegetarians. Estriol-3-glucuronide, a compound that is formed upon reabsorption of free estriol from the intestine, is found in lower concentrations in the urine of vegetarians. These data suggest that in vegetarians a greater amount of the biliary estrogens escape reabsorption and are excreted with the feces. The differences in estrogen metabolism may explain the lower incidence of breast cancer in vegetarian women. PMID- 7260945 TI - Diet and the human intestinal bacterial flora. AB - In this review, the factors thought to be important in determining the composition of the gut bacterial flora are discussed. In the light of these, the effects of various dietary manipulations on the composition and metabolic activity of the gut flora are described. In general, the main effects of diet would be expected to be manifested in the right colon, whereas the material available for investigation is feces. Consequently, the data that are available tend to underestimate the effects of diet. PMID- 7260946 TI - Dietary fat, immunological response, and cancer in rats. PMID- 7260947 TI - Plasma lipoproteins with bioregulatory properties including the capacity to regulate lymphocyte function and the immune response. AB - Consideration of the effects of nutrition and of lipids on the immune competence and the characteristics of host resistance to neoplasia requires consideration of the plasma lipoproteins. A wide variety of regulatory effects of lipoproteins on the immune response, immune mediation pathways, cellular metabolism of the immune system, and antigen-nonspecific host resistance mediated by the lymphoid and reticuloendothelial systems has recently been recognized. Observations coupled with initial evidence for differences in lipoproteins in cancer patients suggest that lipids or lipid metabolism may be of significance in the biology of neoplasia. PMID- 7260949 TI - Immune response in overnutrition. AB - Nutritional modulation of the immune response can be demonstrated both in nutritional deficiency and in obesity. A proportion of obese adolescents and adults showed a variable impairment of cell-mediated immune responses in vivo and in vitro and reduction of intracellular bacterial killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Immunological changes correlated with subclinical deficiencies of iron and zinc, and therapy with these micronutrients for 4 weeks resulted in improvement in immunological responses. In genetically obese mice, the number of mononuclear cells and Thy 1.2-positive lymphocytes in the thymus and the spleen is less compared with that in lean controls. The plaque-forming antibody response is reduced. Natural killer cell activity is increased. Cytotoxic response of spleen cells of obese animals immunized in vivo was markedly lower than that of lean controls, whereas the same response after in vitro sensitization was normal. These data point to the importance of metabolic and nutritional factors in the pathogenesis of altered immunocompetence. PMID- 7260948 TI - Difference in the ability of compactin and oxidized cholesterol, both known inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, to suppress in vitro immune responses. AB - Compactin, a fungal metabolite, is a well-characterized competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the enzyme which generally controls the rate of cholesterol biosynthesis in mammalian cells. Various products of cholesterol oxidation, e.g., 25-hydroperoxycholesterol and 25 hydroxycholesterol, also inhibit HMG CoA reductase but by an unknown mechanism which operates only in intact cells. In addition, oxidized cholesterol increases cholesterol esterification and suppresses the increase in low-density lipoprotein receptors which is the normal consequence of decreasing low-density lipoprotein supply. There are therefore, three ways in which the availability of nonesterified cholesterol to mammalian cells is decreased by oxidized cholesterol. It has been suggested that potent in vitro immunosuppression by compounds such as 25-hydroxycholesterol in the presence of cholesterol-containing fetal calf serum is a consequence of their ability to suppress cholesterol biosynthesis. This has been disputed in a previous paper (Humphries, G. M. K., and McConnell, H. M., J. Immunol., 122: 121-126, 1979) because mevalonate, the product of HMG CoA reductase activity, fails to abrogate the suppression. The present paper reports that compactin fails to suppress in vitro immune responses at concentrations known to inhibit HMG CoA reductase (either in the isolated or cellular form). This finding supports the previous conclusion that suppression of HMG CoA reductase activity is not sufficient to inhibit in vitro immune responses in the presence of an exogenous source of cholesterol. PMID- 7260950 TI - Working Group IV: lipids and the immune system. Report and recommendations. PMID- 7260951 TI - Influence of obesity and malnutrition on the metabolism of some cancer-related hormones. AB - It has been suggested that the well-documented relationship of dietary composition to the incidence of human breast cancer is mediated by the effects of dietary constituents on hormone levels. There is fairly good evidence for diet hormone relationships in animals, but the evidence in humans is unconvincing. In this paper, we describe three of our findings relating nutrition to hormone levels: (a) that obesity causes retention of a tracer of estradiol in women but not in men, a finding we attribute to the presence of specific estrogen receptor in the adipose tissue of women but not men; (b) that obese men have elevated plasma estrone and estradiol levels but obese women do not, a finding we attribute to greater androstenedione-to-estrone conversion in the adipose tissue of men than in that of women; and (c) that cachectic girls with anorexia nervosa fail to have the normal nocturnal surge of prolactin secretion, a finding that we attribute to deficiency of tryptophan, which is an adequate stimulus for prolactin secretion. These findings give support to the concept that dietary factors affect hormone secretion and/or metabolism in humans. PMID- 7260952 TI - Mechanisms by which dietary fat may stimulate mammary carcinogenesis in experimental animals. AB - Evidence drawn from epidemiological and experimental studies suggests that dietary fat is an important determinant of breast cancer risk and, in addition, that dietary fat acts as a modulator rather than an initiator of breast carcinogenesis. At present, however, it is not known how dietary fat exerts its tumor-promoting effects. A variety of mechanisms, some involving direct action by fat at the target organ and others involving host-mediated responses, have been proposed. The present status of one of these, namely, a mechanism based on mediation by the endocrine system, and the hormone prolactin in particular, is described. Further studies in laboratory animals are required to determine the precise cellular and molecular events which underlie the fat effect. PMID- 7260953 TI - Environmental factors and breast and prostatic cancer. AB - Despite epidemiological evidence supporting a causal relationship between environmental factors and the development of breast and prostatic cancers, direct confirmation is unproven. Differences in hormone profiles in cancer patients and in patients with an increasing number of potential risk factors together with differences n life style and diet, suggest a relationship between diet, hormonal metabolism, and these endocrine-associated cancers. Modification of hormonal status by diet in men and women at different risk suggests that specific dietary components play a major role in these diseases. PMID- 7260954 TI - Hormones and mouse mammary tumorigenesis. AB - The hormonal milieu of the host influences viral and chemical carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis in a variety of indirect ways. The effects of a high-fat diet on mouse mammary tumorigenesis are very limited and are convincing only for ice infected by the high-oncogenic mammary tumor virus. The relationship between fat content in the diet, the hormonal milieu of the host, and mammary tumor virus function is unexplored. PMID- 7260956 TI - Working Group V: hormones, fat, and cancer. Report and recommendations. PMID- 7260955 TI - Hormonal regulation of the metabolism of carcinogens in renal tissue of BALB/c mice. AB - The role of androgens in the regulation of carcinogen metabolism in the renal tissue of BALB/c mice was investigated. Kidney microsomal enzyme preparations from mature and immature animals were used in mutagenic studies using the Ames test. Androgen receptors (cytosolic and nuclear) were also evaluated. The results show that the microsomal enzymes from mature males had greater potential to biotransform dimethylnitrosamine than did the microsomal enzymes from mature females or immature animals. Testosterone treatment of mature females or immature animals resulted in a significant increase in the mutagenic ability of their renal microsomal enzymes. Androgen receptors were detected in kidney cytosols of mature and immature animals (both males and females); however, nuclear androgen receptors were detected only in the mature males. Testosterone treatment resulted in a significant accumulation of nuclear androgen receptors in the kidneys of mature females and immature animals. The relationships among mutagenic activity, androgen receptors, the levels of N-demethylase (an enzyme responsible for conversion of dimethylnitrosamine to its active metabolite), dietary fat, and the carcinogen metabolism are discussed. PMID- 7260957 TI - Structures of four new oligosaccharides from marsupial milk, determined mainly by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. PMID- 7260958 TI - A convenient synthesis of glycolchitin, a substrate of lysozyme. PMID- 7260959 TI - A specific method for D-galactose quantitative determination: a modification of the D-galactose oxidase assay. AB - After treatment with D-galactose oxidase to form an aldehyde group, D-galactose or 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose reacted with indole-hydrochloric acid to give a colored compound having a spectrum very similar to that of D-galacturonic acid, but with a maximum at 500 nm and a shoulder at 480 nm. The reaction is linear between 16.6 and 83 nmol of sugar per mL of final solution. 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D galactose gave no reaction, even when 5 mumol were used, and 2-deoxy-D-lyxo hexose did not interfere either. PMID- 7260960 TI - Synthesis and antitumor activity of 7-O-(3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo hexopyranosyl)adriamycinone. AB - The title compound (7), the 3'-acetoxy-4'-O-acetyl analog of adriamycin (doxorubicin), was synthesized in approximately 50% net yield from daunomycinone by bromination at C-14, glycosylation of the product at O-7 with 3,4-di-O-acetyl 2,6-dideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl chloride, and replacement of the 14-bromo substituent by a hydroxyl group; other possible routes to 7 gave lower yields. The product 7, a non-aminated analog of the anthracycline antibiotics, showed high antitumor activity coupled with low acute toxicity in a broad range of tests in mice. PMID- 7260961 TI - Permeability studies on animal membrane/carbohydrate systems. AB - Hydrodynamic permeability measurements on water, and on aqueous solutions of D glucose and sucrose of various concentrations, through frog-skin membrane were made. The conductance of the membrane equilibrated with the permeants was also measured. Some comments regarding the dependence of the permeability coefficient and the membrane conductance on the concentration were made. It was observed that the membrane behaves anisotropically in so far as the hydrodynamic permeability in concerned. PMID- 7260962 TI - Prediction of severity of coronary artery disease using slope of submaximal ST segment/heart rate relationship. AB - A new exercise electrocardiography test has been examined in patients with angina pectoris; the rate of development of ST segment depression with respect to increases in heart rate during exercise on a bicycle ergometer was measured during exercise using 13 leads in 64 patients. The steepest slope of regression lines relating displacement of ST segment to increases in heart rate (maximal ST/HR slope) was used as an index of myocardial ischaemia and was compared with the results of coronary angiography which were determined by the radiologists and the cardiologist responsible for the management of these patients. The maximal ST/HR slope could be derived consistently from a linear ST/HR relationship (r greater than 0.95) only in 50 patients with significant coronary artery disease (greater than or equal to 75% liminal narrowing). The ranges of the maximal ST/HR slope in 17 patients with single-vessel disease, in 18 patients with double vessel disease and in 15 patients with triple-vessel disease were different from each other and the differences between the means were statistically significant (P less than 0.0005). The maximal ST/HR slopes for the patients with single vessel disease were also different from those in the 14 patients in whom significant coronary disease could not be demonstrated. In contrast, the criteria of heart rate at which ST segment depression began, maximum ST segment depression, rate-pressure product and heart rate attained at the end of the test showed an overlap between the groups of the patients studied; using the usual exercise test criteria in the same population, there were three false negative results, one false positive result and the results in eight of the patients were indeterminate. It is concluded that the maximal ST/HR slope, used as an index of myocardial ischaemia, reliably predicted the presence and severity of coronary artery disease, as determined by coronary arteriography in each of the patients with anginal pain. PMID- 7260963 TI - Postnatal developmental changes in the electrophysiological properties of cat right ventricular papillary muscles. AB - Cellular electrophysiological properties of cat right ventricular papillary muscles were studied during postnatal development using intracellular microelectrodes. Animals were studied in the neonatal period (less than 75 h of age), in infancy (16 to 18 days old) and in adult life (1.8 to 2.3 kg body weight). Resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, Vmax and action potential duration increased significantly with age. The age related changes in action potential duration were independent of stimulation frequency. Conduction velocity was measured using two simultaneous impalements and increased significantly with age. Exposure to low [Ca]o (0.2 mmol X litre-1) caused a prolongation in action potential duration which was greater in infant and adult than neonatal myocardium, and was greatest at low stimulation frequencies. High [Ca]o shortened action potential duration and this was also greater in infant and adult tissue. Action potential duration was prolonged by low [K]o (0.5 mmol X litre-1) and shortened by high [K]o. Both of these effects appeared to be independent of age. Exposure to ouabain, 10(-8) and 10(-7) mol X litre-1 caused a dose related shortening of action potential duration. This effect was significantly greater in adult and infant than neonatal myocardium. The results indicate that the electrophysiological properties of the cat myocardium continue to develop during early postnatal life. These findings are discussed in relation to changes in morphology and transmembrane ionic gradients occurring at this time. PMID- 7260964 TI - Changes in myocardial oxygen consumption 45 minutes after experimental coronary occlusion do not alter infarct size. AB - The influence of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) at the moment of coronary occlusion on the size of the ensuing infarct was investigated in two groups of anaesthetised dogs. In one group (n = 9) coronary occlusion was produced at a high MVO2, estimated to be 14.6 +/- 2.1 cm3 O2 X min-1 X 100g-1 which was changed midway during the occlusion period of 90 min to a low MVO2 estimated to be 6.7 +/ 1.6. In the second group (n = 9) the MVO2, was elevated after 45 min an estimate of 5.1 +/- 0.9 to one of 13.2 +/- 3.7 cm3 X min-1 X 100g-1. In this way the MVO2 averaged over the entire 90 min occlusion period was equal in both groups. Infarct size expressed as a percentage of perfusion area was 68 +/- 28% in group 1 and 32 +/- 30% in group 2 (P less than 0.025). The mass of the perfusion areas did not differ significantly between the groups. Haemodynamics changes were similar in both groups except for a higher rate in group 1 in the period with low MVO2 (109 vs 66 per min, P less than 0.001). Collateral flow was not different between the two groups 45 min after occlusion. It is concluded that the MOV2 at the moment of occlusion significantly influences infarct size. Drastic changes of MVO2 induced at 45 min (ie at half time of the occlusion period of 90 min) had no measurable effect on infarct size. PMID- 7260965 TI - Cardiac involvement in secondary haemochromatosis: a catheter biopsy study and analysis of myocardium. AB - Although high blood transfusion regimens have improved the life expectancy of the patient with Thalassemia Major, cardiac failure and arrhythmias remain a cause of early death. It is not certain whether the massive myocardial iron deposition found in such patients is preventable by intensive chelation therapy. This study evaluates endomyocardial biopsy as a method of assessing myocardial iron deposition. Of four patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of severe haemochromatosis, only one had a myocardial iron content comparable to that found in severe haemochromatotic myocardium. The one patient with cardiac failure had an endomyocardial iron content within the normal range. Studies of the iron distribution in haemochromatotic myocardium demonstrate that the subendocardial myocardium contains only half the iron content of the subepicardial layer, and there is a large sampling variation. It is concluded that catheter endomyocardial biopsy is an insensitive method of determining early myocardial deposition because of the location of iron and the variability of the sampling. Studies of the nature of the myocardial iron protein with CM32 cation exchange resin chromatography show that there is a large increase in the haemosiderin: ferritin ratio (5:1) in iron overload myocardium as compared with the normal heart (2:1). Similar results have been observed in the liver with iron overload, where the increase in hepatic haemosiderin was associated with greater lysosomal fragility. It is possible that myocardial cell damage may also occur by the rupture of iron engorged lysosomes. PMID- 7260966 TI - An approach to the pathogenesis of "white finger" induced by vibratory stimulation: acute but sustained changes in vascular responsiveness of canine hindlimb to noradrenaline. AB - A fixed vibratory stimulation (60 Hz in frequency, 3 g in acceleration, and 2.2 mm in amplitude) was applied to a hindlimb (test limb) of dogs anaesthetised with sodium pentobarbital. Peripheral vascular resistance in the test limb was calculated as the ratio of mean pressure difference between the femoral artery and the femoral vein to the rate of femoral arterial blood flow. By means of a highly sensitive clinical thermometer, interdigital temperature was recorded not only from the test limb but also from a forelimb (control limb). The vibratory stimulation significantly reduced the peripheral resistance in the test limb. The increase in peripheral resistance induced by noradrenaline administration was suppressed during, and enhanced 1 h after, the stimulation. With the start of the vibratory stimulation, interdigital temperature in the test limb rose gradually and reached a constant level. The temperature first went below, and then returned to, the initial level after interruption of the stimulation. No change in the temperature was produced in the control limb. The decrease of temperature induced by noradrenaline administration was suppressed during, and enhanced 1 h after, the stimulation. These results indicate that, even in the living body, the conclusion of our previously report is valid: ie the responsiveness of arterial smooth muscle to noradrenaline decreases during, and increases soon after, vibratory stimulation. Assuming that our results obtained from acute experiments can be applicable to human digital arteries, the occurrence of "white fingers" on vibration disease may be understood in terms of vibration-induced hyperresponsiveness following stimulation. PMID- 7260967 TI - Calcium kinetics in individual heart segments. AB - The isolated, perfused rabbit heart was studied with reference to calcium decay and uptake in individual segments: atria, right ventricle, left ventricle, and septum. For each segment, calcium decay and uptake curves were obtained by direct tissue analysis for calcium. Fitting procedures established single exponential decay and single exponential uptake curves. Equilibrium values of calcium content that is, pre-washout and post-uptake calcium contents, followed the order: atrial greater than right ventricular greater than left ventricular = septal . Except for the atria, the uptake rate constant for each segment was significantly larger than the decay rate constant. While no significant trend could be found for exponential decay rate constants, uptake rate constants followed the order: septal greater than left ventricular greater than right ventricular greater than atrial. PMID- 7260968 TI - Intracellular action potential changes induced in both ventricles of the rat by an acute right ventricular pressure overload. AB - Eleven open chest, artificially ventilated rats were used to observe and compare the intracellular potential changes induced in the right and left ventricles by an acute right ventricular overload. Graded right ventricular hypertension was produced by external constriction of the main pulmonary artery. Transmembrane potentials were obtained using floating glass microelectrodes filled with 3 mol X litre-1 KCl and connected to a cathode follower through a silverchloride-silver junction. Following right ventricular overload, the level of resting potential was depolarised by 20% on the right ventricle and by 4% on the left (P less than 0.001). The repolarisation was not significantly affected. A significant correlation (P less than 0.01) was observed between the increase of right ventricular pressure and the depolarisation of resting right ventricular potential. The right ventricular distension which occurs in our experimental model thus induces a diastolic depolarisation of right ventricular muscle cells which cannot be neglected in the interpretation of the peripheral ECG changes. PMID- 7260969 TI - Changes of microsphere density with time in myocardial infarcts in dogs. AB - The density of microspheres injected before occlusion of a coronary artery, in the infarcted region [I], was compared with that of healthy, normal myocardium [N], from the same dog. The [I]/[N] ratio was measured at different days after infarction up to 2 weeks. The ratio was below unity before the ninth day and above that thereafter. The changes in microspheres density can be explained on the basis of microsphere loss from necrotic tissue and changes in infarct mass. PMID- 7260970 TI - Enhanced release of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAST) from anoxic rat heart cell cultures during reoxygenation. Comparison to plasma mAST levels in patients after acute myocardial infarction and after cardiac surgery. PMID- 7260971 TI - An ultrastructural investigation into the size dependency of contractility of isolated cardiac muscle. AB - The maximal stress (force per cross-sectional area), maximal rate of stress development, and cross-sectional area of 30 rabbit right ventricular papillary muscles were measured. Both mechanical parameters declined with increasing muscle size (the stress-area relation). Three large and three small muscles were fixed for electronmicroscopy. Stereological analyses of these six muscles were undertaken to test the hypothesis that the stress-area relation is caused by differences in the relative proportions of mitochondria and contractile matrix between muscles of large and small cross-sectional area. No difference in the proportion of these two cytoplasmic components was found. Other possible explanations underlying the stress-area relation are discussed. PMID- 7260972 TI - Myocardial and peripheral catecholamine responses to acute coronary artery constriction before and after propranolol treatment in the anaesthetised dog. AB - The left anterior descending coronary artery was constricted for eight minutes on two occasions in 13 anaesthetised open-chest dogs. One group (n = 8) was studied before and afer 1 mg . kg-1 propranolol intravenously; a second group (n = 5) served as controls. Simultaneous blood samples were drawn from arterial and coronary sinus catheters for measurement of lactate and catecholamine concentrations. In controls, coronary artery constriction resulted in a reproducible fall in fractional myocardial lactate extraction and an increase in left atrial pressure, but caused no significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate or plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline, or dopamine. In the treated group, heart rate was reduced but blood pressure was the same after propranolol; both remained unchanged during constriction and after release. The fall in fractional lactate extraction was abolished by propranolol. Arterial noradrenaline increased significantly after propranolol, fell during constriction and rose again after release. A similar trend was observed in coronary sinus noradrenaline. Reversible myocardial ischaemia is not associated with peripheral or myocardial release of catecholamines. Pre-treatment with propranolol appears to exert a protective effect on the myocardium even during reversible ischaemia. Although peripheral noradrenaline levels are increased after propranolol, this increase is not maintained during coronary artery constriction. PMID- 7260973 TI - Selection of a suitable circulatory model for the plasma clearance and distribution of cardiac enzymes in the dog. PMID- 7260974 TI - Angiotensin-induced myocardial necrosis and renal failure in the rabbit: distribution of lesions and severity in relation to plasma angiotensin II concentration and arterial pressure. AB - Angiotensin II was infused into conscious rabbits at various doses from 0.001 to 0.5 microgram . kg-1 . min-1 for 24 h, and caused multifocal myocardial necrosis, renal tubular necrosis and acute renal failure. The myocardial necroses were found principally in the left ventricle; only at the highest doses of angiotensin II were right ventricular lesions present. The endocardium was not involved and no arterial or arteriolar lesions were seen. Mean arterial plasma angiotensin II concentration during angiotensin infusion was closely correlated with the increase in arterial pressure, the height of the plasma urea at the end of the infusion and the severity of the induced myocardial lesions. The myocardial necroses could be a consequence of the induced hypertension, or a direct effect of angiotensin II, or a combination of effects, although their predominance in the left ventricle suggests high systemic arterial pressure is an important factor. Cardiac lesions were observed with plasma angiotensin II concentrations only some 2 to 3 fold normal values; it is therefore possible that similar myocardial abnormalities might occur as a result of rises in endogenous renin, for example, in experimental or clinical renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7260975 TI - Effect of ethanol on electrogram changes and regional myocardial blood flow during acute myocardial ischaemia. AB - Acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in dogs produced delayed conduction and diminished amplitude of bipolar electrograms recorded from ischaemic zones. Intravenous infusion of ethanol (1.2 g . kg-1), before coronary artery occlusion, delayed conduction and reduced the amplitude of electrograms recorded in normal myocardium, but attenuated ischaemia-induced electrogram changes produced by the subsequent occlusion. Ethanol (0.6 g . kg-1 iv) did not significantly alter activation of electrograms recorded from normal myocardium, but reduced ischaemia-induced electrogram changes and decreased the incidence of ventricular fibrillation elicited by rapid ventricular pacing from five of eight to one of eight dogs. Infusion of 10 or 30% (V/V) ethanol directly into a non occluded coronary artery significantly increased conduction time and reduced electrogram amplitude recorded in the epicardium perfused by that coronary artery. These effects were more pronounced when ethanol was infused into an occluded coronary artery distal to the site of occlusion. Ethanol did not alter regional myocardial blood flow determined by labelled microspheres during ischaemia. Thus, despite a direct depressant effect on extracellular electrical activity recorded from normal and ischaemic myocardium, ethanol reduced the severity of ischaemia-induced electrogram alterations and decreased the incidence of ventricular fibrillation when given intravenously prior to coronary artery occlusion. PMID- 7260976 TI - Adaptation of the pulmonary circulation to extra-uterine life in the pig and its relevance to the human infant. AB - The normal structural and functional development of the pulmonary circulation has been studied in the pig, from fetal life to six months of age, with emphasis on the first 2 weeks. Pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures were measured in 50 animals, in 21 of which pulmonary vascular resistance was determined. After post mortem arterial injection, lung structure was analysed using quantitative morphometric techniques. Changes in the pulmonary circulation consisted of three overlapping phases: 1 Dilatation and recruitment of small arteries within the acinar region, beginning during the first 5 min and associated with a reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure. These changes continued during the first 24 h, associated with a loss of arterial muscle. 2 Between 24 h and 2 weeks, a significant reduction in the amount of arterial muscle was associated with a reduction in pulmonary: systemic vascular resistance ratio from 0.58 to 0.18. 3 Functionally, the pulmonary circulation appeared mature at rest by 2 weeks but growth and remodelling of the pulmonary arteries continued until an adult pattern was reached by 6 months of age. PMID- 7260977 TI - Reversible blockade of myelinated and non-myelinated cardiac afferents in cats by instillation of procaine into the pericardium. AB - Pericardial local anaesthesia was instituted in 33 chloralosed cats through catheters implanted into the pericardium. The activity of 1531 single fibres teased from either vagus in the neck was identified and classified according to source. Random testing with 2% procaine instilled into the pericardium revealed that only cardiac afferents could be blocked. Arterial and other receptors were unaffected. Blocking concentrations were determined for 38 non-myelinated cardiac afferents (mean conduction velocity 1.3 m.s-1) and for 43 myelinated fibres (mean conduction velocity 19 m.s-1). Blocking concentrations varied widely but equally for both fibre categories between 0.05% and 2.0% procaine. Non-myelinated fibres required a mean concentration of 0.26% procaine for block, whereas myelinated fibres needed a mean concentration of 0.45% (P less than 0.01). The large overlap in the frequency distributions of the blocking concentrations for both sets of fibres, would not, however, allow the blocking of one fibre category without affecting the other. Additionally two cardiac sympathetic afferents were blocked at 0.25 and 0.5% procaine. Mean times for block onset and recovery for non myelinated fibres were 3.05/1.98 min and for myelinated fibres 1.4/0.59 min, respectively. Pericardial local anaesthesia is selective for cardiac afferents but does not allow for differential block of a given fibre category. A 1% solution of procaine will eliminate the heart as a reflexogenic area. PMID- 7260978 TI - A double antibody radioimmunoassay for canine cardiac cathepsin D. AB - We have developed a sensitive double antibody radioimmunoassay for measuring canine cardiac cathepsin D. Radioiodinated cathepsin D was prepared by chloramine T oxidation using a highly purified source of enzyme. High avidity antiserum to the canine cardiac enzyme was raised in rabbits. Antibody-bound cathepsin D was separated from free enzyme using goat anti-rabbit IgG second antibody. The least amount of immunoreactive enzyme measurable in the radioimmunoassay was 2.4 ng.cm 3 as determined by antibody titration. The assay was linear for concentrations of enzyme in the range of 10 to 120 ng.cm-3. Within-assay and between-assay variations were 12%. The radioimmunoassay described was used to measure the immunoreactive cathepsin D content of the 100 000 x g supernatant fraction of canine myocardial homogenates. PMID- 7260979 TI - Unchanged myocardial tissue perfusion following pericardiotomy in acutely loaded cat hearts. AB - Myocardial tissue flow was measured by the distribution of labelled microspheres in cats which were volume-expanded by infusion of blood. Removal of the intact pericardium markedly reduced left ventricular diastolic pressure. However, despite the fact that diastolic ventricular pressure is a major determinant for myocardial tissue flow and its transmural distribution, no significant change in tissue flow occurred following pericardiotomy. Failure of tissue flow to increase in the face of lower diastolic intracavitary pressure can in this study be explained by concomitant ventricular dilatation and reduced systolic blood pressure. PMID- 7260980 TI - Alterations in regional myocardial distribution and arrhythmogenic effects of aprindine produced by coronary artery occlusion in the dog. AB - Little information exists regarding the effects of coronary artery occlusion on the distribution and actions of antiarrhythmic agents. We administered aprindine to dogs before, 5 min after, and 24 h after one-stage left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion. Coronary artery occlusion performed after aprindine administration slowed the rate of disappearance of aprindine from the ischaemic zone compared with the normal zone, so that ischaemic zone aprindine concentrations averaged more than twice normal zone aprindine concentrations 1 h after LAD occlusion. When LAD occlusion was performed before aprindine administration, ischaemic zone aprindine concentrations were initially less than 15% of normal zone aprindine concentrations and increased with time to approach half of normal zone aprindine concentrations 70 min after LAD occlusion. Seventeen of 35 dogs (49%) receiving aprindine before LAD occlusion experienced sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, compared with 5/34 (14%) receiving aprindine immediately after LAD occlusion (P less than 0.01), 1/10 (10%) undergoing LAD occlusion without receiving aprindine (P less than 0.05) and 0/16 receiving aprindine without LAD occlusion (P less than 0.01). Aprindine administered 24 h after CO reduced premature ventricular complexes from a mean of 35 to 12 per 100 beats (P less than 0.01) occlusion importantly modifies the regional myocardial distribution of aprindine and its effects on ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery occlusion. PMID- 7260981 TI - Reflectance spectrophotometric monitoring of the isolated perfused heart as a method of measuring the oxidation-reduction state of cytochromes and oxygenation of myoglobin. AB - Reflectance spectrophotometry was assessed as a means of detecting metabolic oxidation-reduction changes in cytochromes and the oxygenation level of myoglobin in isolated perfused rat hearts. The movement artefact due to the heartbeat was largely eliminated by appropriate design of the optical geometry. A considerable myocardial oxygen gradient was detected using myoglobin deoxygenation as an indicator. The oxygenation level of myoglobin oscillated in pace with the contraction/relaxation cycle of the heart, deoxygenation occurring during the systole. The inconsistency in the previous reports on the myoglobin oxygenation and the problems of spectrophotometry of the beating heart are discussed. PMID- 7260982 TI - Abnormal electrocardiographic activity revealed by isolated rat heart preparations at various times after experimental myocardial infarction. AB - Experimental myocardial infarction has been induced in rats by isoprenaline pretreatment and progress of the lesions has been observed histologically at intervals over a period of 6 weeks. This revealed transition from extensive ischaemic degeneration to apparently complete recovery of much of the affected muscle, leaving lesser areas of necrotic cells to become replaced by dissecting collagen-fibre scars. Isolated perfused preparations of affected and normal hearts were used to give electrocardiogram records. Oscilloscope photographs were measured. Ischaemia was associated, typically, with enlarged Q waves and decreased R and S waves, plus evidence of bundle branch block. These abnormalities abated as lesions resolved, leaving residual Q enlargement and arrhythmias, consistent with persistent scarring. PMID- 7260983 TI - Control of cardiac output in exercising dogs using different types of workload. AB - The system which controls cardiac output was studied in dogs during exercise on the treadmill. The aim was to investigate whether the pattern of the workload influences the control system. To measure cardiac output, electromagnetic flow probes were implanted at least 10 days before the exercise study. During the experiments cardiac output was computed on a beat-to-beat basis. We compared changes in cardiac output resulting from stepwise, sinusoidally and randomly varying workloads, obtained by changing treadmill velocity accordingly. The time constants found with sinusoidally and randomly varying workloads were 11.6 and 10.0s respectively. The time constants of the alteration in cardiac output resulting from a step function was 9.9s for the positive step and 15.6s for the negative step. However when the stepwise change in workload was between a velocity of 0.67 and 1.56 m.s-1 positive and negative steps yielded the same time constant (13.5 s). It is concluded that the pattern of the workload has no influence on the control system of cardiac output during exercise. PMID- 7260984 TI - Acetylcholinesterase containing nerve fibres in coronary circulation. AB - The cholinergic innervation of coronary arteries and veins has been studied in the human. Structures resembling cholinergic nerve fibres are localised at the level of the extraparenchymal branches of the coronary arteries, organised in the adventitial plexus. Neither the coronary veins nor the intraparenchymal blood vessels are provided with a cholinergic innervation. Those findings are discussed. PMID- 7260985 TI - Reduction in vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation by bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist. AB - The effect of a dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, on ventricular fibrillation (VF) threshold was studied in anaesthetised dogs. Bromocriptine produced an increase of 50% in VFT. Pretreatment with the dopamine antagonist haloperidol abolished the effects of bromocriptine on VF threshold as did pretreatment with the peripheral dopamine antagonist, domperidone. It is concluded that bromocriptine reduces vulnerability of the nonischaemic canine ventricle to fibrillation. This effect is most probably mediated by peripheral presynaptic stimulation of dopaminergic receptors, thereby inhibiting noradrenaline release. PMID- 7260986 TI - A closer look at aminoglycosides. PMID- 7260987 TI - Influence of acute renal impairment in the penetration of cefoxitin into interstitial tissue fluid in rabbits. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin were studied after the administration of a single intravenous dose of 40 mg/kg to rabbits with normal renal function and rabbits with varying degrees of renal impairment. The plasma and interstitial fluid concentrations of the antibiotic were determined by a microbiologic plate diffusion method. The antibiotic follows a two-compartment open kinetic model. The plasma half-life of slow disposition phase t1/2 beta, increases from 0.26 hour in rabbits with normal renal function to 5.41 hours in rabbits with severe renal impairment. In the interstitial fluid the elimination half-life increases from 1.18 hours in rabbits with normal renal function to 99.00 hours in rabbits with renal impairment. A linear relationship is established between the values that define the elimination of the antibiotic and the serum creatinine concentrations. The constant of the incorporation into the interstitial fluid decreases significantly in rabbits with renal impairment. PMID- 7260988 TI - Disposition of cefoxitin in patients with pleural effusion. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin were studied in nine patients with pleural effusion of varied etiologies. All patients received a single intravenous bolus of 30 mg/kg. Cefoxitin levels were determined simultaneously in plasma and pleural fluid by means of a microbiologic plate diffusion method. The antibiotic follows a two-compartment open kinetic model. In the pleural fluid, maximum concentrations of cefoxitin of 19.72 +/- 9.72 microgram/ml were reached two hours after administration. The fraction of the antibiotic that reaches the pleural fluid represents 0.22% to 4.03% of the dose administered. The disappearance constant of the antibiotic from the pleural fluid is significantly smaller (Kd = 0.15 +/- 0.03 hours-1) than the elimination constant determined from the plasma levels (K13 = 2.27 +/- 0.90 hours-1). Cefoxitin was always found in antibacterial concentration in the pleural fluid for a considerable period of time. PMID- 7260990 TI - Use of the the combination labetalol plus chlorthalidone in essential arterial hypertension therapy. AB - Eleven patients suffering from WHO stage II essential arterial hypertension were treated with the combination of labetalol plus chlorthalidone in the reciprocal ratio of 10:1 in the form of once-a-day administration in the morning. The dosage was individualized on the basis of hypotensive response and side effects until an acceptable blood pressure was achieved. The duration of the treatment was 45 days with blood pressure measurements after 7, 15, and 45 days. By the end of the first week of therapy significant reductions had already been obtained in systolic arterial pressure (down from 181 +/- 24 to 157 +/- 9 mmHg, P less than 0.01) and diastolic arterial pressure (down from 110 +/- 7 to 96 +/- 7 mmHg, P less than 0.01), reductions which were also maintained over time. The mean dosage at the time of the final measurement was 150 mg (136 mg labetalol and 14 mg chlorthalidone). In no case were orthostatic hypotension phenomena observed, and the side effects proved modest without requiring suspension of the therapy. Because of the simplification of the therapy, patient compliance was good. PMID- 7260989 TI - Plasma concentration of diltiazem after oral administration in normal volunteers. AB - The plasma concentration and hemodynamics of diltiazem after oral administration of 90 mg were studied in nine normal volunteers. Diltiazem was rapidly absorbed within three hours, and mean peak plasma concentration was 93.3 +/- 12.6 ng/ml (mean +/- SE). The plasma level gradually declined soon after, and almost no diltiazem was determined in 24-hours. Heart rate and blood pressure decreased slightly but significantly (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.005, respectively). No prolongation of PR interval was demonstrated. PMID- 7260991 TI - Use of cimetidine in the prevention of stress ulcers in intensive care units. AB - Cimetidine* was used prophylactically in 742 patients admitted to the intensive care unit; only 21 (2.8%) developed stress ulcers. A review of the records of patients admitted to this unit before this study who did not receive cimetidine showed that the incidence of stress ulcers was 12.2%. Our results agree with those of others who have found that the prophylactic use of cimetidine in patients who are critically ill reduces the incidence of stress ulcers and subsequent complications. PMID- 7260992 TI - [E-rosette test. Analysis of methodology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260993 TI - [Levamisole and its effect on the E-rosette restoration test in healthy subjects and in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260994 TI - [Hematopoietic disorders resulting from cytostatic treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260995 TI - [Paraquat and diquat estimation in biological material (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260996 TI - [Neutral lipid analysis using gas chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260997 TI - [Neutral HDL, lipoproteins in patients with hyperlipidaemia and in reference group (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260998 TI - [Hyperlipoproteinaemia and other high-risk factors in coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261000 TI - [Analysis of plasma lipids and clinical characteristics of patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7260999 TI - [HDL lipid component in male patients after acute transmural myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261002 TI - [Cholelithiasis treated with chenodeoxycholic acid. An analysis of changes in the pattern of bile acids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261001 TI - [Carnosinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261003 TI - [Changes in the share of phosphatidylcholine in total phospholipid concentration in patients with ischaemic heart disease and after myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261004 TI - [Clinical assessment of probucol and its therapeutical effect on hypercholesterolaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261005 TI - [Artifacts in electrocardiograms, their identification and prevention (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261006 TI - [Biological and medical bases of healthy development of man - selected results of Programme VII of the state plan of basic research in the years 1976-1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261007 TI - [Survey of most relevant results of the departmental plan of research achieved in the 6th five-year plan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261008 TI - [Pseudo-Bartter's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261009 TI - [A draft concept of socio-psychosomatic care and a model of medical psychosomatic inpatient department (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261010 TI - [Choice of intensity and side of stimulation in lateralized diseases in acupuncture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261011 TI - [Problems of surgical operations in chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261012 TI - [Surgical treatment for coarctation of the aorta in infants. Pitfalls and problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261013 TI - [Telemetry and its significance in the rehabilitation of acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261014 TI - [Changes in the myocardium of growing rats monitored for 10 months after isoprenaline (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261015 TI - [Vitamin D in relation to endocrinology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261016 TI - [Vitamin C deficiency in the guinea-pig and its effect on the condition and metabolism of the vascular wall (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261017 TI - [L-ascorbic acid and its effect on oxalic acid excretion in the urine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261018 TI - [Renal osteopathies. Essentials of their aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261019 TI - [Haemagglutination reaction with streptolysin O (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261020 TI - [Blood sample taking technique and its effect on cytotoxic test results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261021 TI - [The longevity syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261023 TI - Determination of steady state generation time distributions from labelled mitosis experimental data. AB - The proper application of detailed deterministic cell kinetic models depends on the way in which cells are assigned their generation times. A method is presented for the determination of population generation time distributions from labelled mitoses experiments. The model assumes that the generation time of each new cell is a function of both the steady-state generation time distribution function of the population, and also the generation time frequency-function of the previous generation of cells. This approach is applied to two different cell types to successfully simulate extended labelled mitoses curves using a population balance model with constant maturation rates. PMID- 7261022 TI - [Essential cholinephospholipids in the treatment of virus hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261024 TI - A mathematical model for analysing cellular age-response functions in terms of physiological age. AB - A mathematical model is presented which facilitates the analysis of cellular age response functions in terms of the physiological ages of the cells. Age-response functions are generally determined by obtaining synchronous cohorts of cells and measuring the sensitivity of the cohorts to the treatment agent at different times after selection (i.e., several different chronological ages). The model described here uses data on the [3H]TdR labelling patterns of the cell population to determine the distribution of physiological ages for the cohorts at the times of treatment. The age-response function data are then analysed in terms of the physiological ages of the cells. The compartments used in the analysis may be chosen according to the biology of the system and the wishes of the experimenters and not imposed by the variability of the phase durations. The application of the model is illustrated using the age-response functions for EMT6 cells exposed to radiation and HeLa cells exposed to hydroxyurea. PMID- 7261025 TI - Effects of chronic steroid ingestion on gastroduodenal epithelial renewal in the rat. PMID- 7261026 TI - The relationship of G0 to the cell cycle of haemopoietic spleen colony-forming cells. AB - Normal haemopoietic stem cells, defined here as spleen colony-forming units (CFUs), are slowly proliferating and are generally considered to spend most of their time in the non-proliferative G0-state. A series of experiments using various combinations of the stem cell proliferation inhibitor (NBME-IV) and stimulator (RBME-III) together with vinblastine as a mitotic blocking agent was designed to determine the location of the G0-state relative to the cell cycle of the CFUs. From a knowledge of the effects of these agents, the expected results from three different G0-cell cycle models were charted and compared with the observed proliferative behaviour of the CFUs following these treatments. It was concluded that the out-of-style G0-state is located at the end of the G1-phase of the cycle, so that on receiving a stimulatory signal, the CFUs can rapidly enter the DNA-synthesis phase. PMID- 7261027 TI - Cytophotometric evidence of non-S-phase extra-DNA in human neuronal nuclei. AB - After Feulgen staining with acriflavine-Schiff, the DNa content of glial and neuronal nuclei from various sites of the human CNS (pre- and post-central gyrus, cerebellar cortex and spinal cord) were determined by fluorescence cytophotometry. The specimens were obtained from twelve adult human autopsy cases. Glial cell nuclei always revealed a biomodal DNA distribution pattern with a large 2c and a smaller 4c peak. The 4c peak was most prominent in the cerebellum. A few 8c glial nuclei were found. Neuronal cell nuclei disclosed DNA histograms with hyperdiploid means in the range 2.2-2.5c (1.8-2.9c for the individual populations). Tetraploid 4c DNA values were not observed, neither in Purkinje cells, nor in pyramidal cells. In eleven out of a total of forty-four slides the higher DNA means of neuronal nuclei were found to be statistically significant (P greater than 0.05) when compared with a population of 2c hepatocytes on the same slide. The results indicate the existence of some 'extra DNA' in human neuronal cell nuclei, the biological significance of which has still to be elucidated. It is however, suggested that it may play an important role in the functional activity of the CNS. PMID- 7261029 TI - Primary retinal targets in the Atlantic loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta. AB - Autoradiographic analysis distinguished twelve primary retinal targets in the diencephalon and the mesencephalon of the Atlantic loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta. While the majority of fibers terminate contralaterally, sparse labelling is seen over ipsilateral thalamic nuclei. The dorsal optic nucleus is the most expansive retinal target in the dorsal thalamus. Four nuclei ventral and one dorsal, to the dorsal optic nucleus, receive retinal input. Before terminating in the optic tectum, labelled fibers pass through the pretectum terminating in four nuclei. Within the superficial zone of the optic tectum, three terminal zones are recognized. A distinct accessory tegmental tract separates from the main optic tract terminating in the basal optic nucleus. While such a multiplicity of retinal targets occurs among other reptiles, birds and mammals, it is presently impossible to accurately recognize visual homologies among amniotic vertebrates. PMID- 7261028 TI - The effect of chloroquine on lysosomal function and cell-coat glycoprotein transport in the absorptive cells of cultured human small-intestinal tissue. AB - The effect of chloroquine, an inhibitor of intralysosomal catabolism, on the synthesis, transport, and degradation of cell-coat glycoproteins in absorptive cells of cultured human small-intestine tissue was investigated by morphometrical, autoradiographical, and biochemical methods. Neither synthesis nor transport of cell-coat material was affected by the drug, but culturing of the absorptive cells in the presence of chloroquine led to a dose- and time dependent enlargement of the dense bodies; other cell structures showed no alterations. 3H-fucose-labelled material accumulated in the dense bodies of the absorptive cells of these cultures. Since no increase of beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activity (both lysosomal enzymes of glycoprotein nature) was found, this accumulation of radiolabeled material can be explained as a chloroquine-mediated inhibition of the degradation of cell-coat glycoproteins. These macromolecules probably enter the lysosome-like bodies by a crino-phagic mechanism, i.e., fusion of these organelles with the apical vesicles and tubules involved in intracellular transport. These findings suggest that the lysosome like bodies have a function in the regulating of cell-coat glycoprotein transport in human intestinal absorptive cell, i.e., the degradation of excess cell-coat material. PMID- 7261030 TI - Scanning electron microscopic and x-ray diffraction studies of otoconia in the lizard Podarcis s. sicula. AB - The otoliths of embryos and young animals of the lizard Podarcis s. sicula were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Two types of crystal that give different X-ray diffraction patterns were found in the membranous labyrinth of Podarcis. The crystals consist of calcite or aragonite and are easily distinguished by scanning electron microscopy because of their different morphology. The two calcium carbonate crystal forms are not mixed at random but are present in the embryo from the very beginning in specific sites. The endolymphatic sac contains aragonite crystals while the saccule contains calcite crystals adjacent to the wall, in addition to a preponderance of aragonite crystals. The utricle and lagena contain only calcite crystals. The presence of two crystal forms of calcium carbonate in the membranous labyrinth are discussed in terms of differing genetic and functional significance. PMID- 7261031 TI - Immunohistochemical evidence of methionine enkephalin-like material in the brain of the migratory locust. AB - Four neurons in the brain of the migratory locust were immunohistologically identified with an anti-met-enkephalin antiserum. The perikarya of two of these cells are located in the center of each of the two groups of lateral protocerebral neurosecretory cells. The fibres coming from these perikarya terminate in numerous immunoreactive ramifications visible at the periphery of both tractus I to the corpora cardiaca, through which pass the neurosecretory products of the pars intercerebralis. The other two cell bodies are located at the bases of the two optic lobes; their fibres enter the posterior part of the protocerebrum and ramify around the root of the nervus corporis cardiaci II, another area through which neurosecretory products pass. The topographic distribution of these met-enkephalin arborizations suggests that these four neurons may act a s neuromodulators of the activity of the major neurosecretory cells in the brain of this insect. PMID- 7261033 TI - Intercellular channels in the pars tuberalis of the rat hypophysis and their relationship to the subarachnoid space. AB - A system of intercellular channels is described in the pars tuberalis (PT) of the female rat. These spaces are lined by all types of cells found in the PT and are not sealed off by tight junctions. Ventrally and dorsally, the intercellular spaces open toward the basement membranes separating the PT from (i) the subarachnoid space, and (ii) the perivascular space of the portal capillaries, respectively. These intercellular channels differ from the follicles, which are also found in the PT, being lined by a particular type of cell. In a second group of female rats an epoxy mixture was injected into the third ventricle; 10 min thereafter horseradish peroxidase was infused into the cisterna magna. After processing the brain for the demonstration of exogenous peroxidase, it was found that the tracer had reached the subarachnoid space adjacent to the hypothalamus and entered into all ventricular cavities with the exception of the infundibular recess. Under these experimental conditions it was found that the tracer fills all intercullular channels of the PT, thus indicating that there is no barrier between the subarachnoid space and the PT. It is suggested that the subarachnoid space should be regarded as a probable route for the transport of trophic factor(s) and/or secretory product(s) of the PT. PMID- 7261032 TI - Gap junctions between pinealocytes. A freeze-fracture study of the pineal gland in rats. AB - The intercellular junctions between the pinealocytes of male rats were investigated by freeze-fracture and conventional electron microscopy. Our findings reveal that the intercellular contacts between pineal cells, formerly described as zonulae adhaerentes or zonulae occludentes, are in fact gap junctions which are difficult to characterize in thin sections due to their peculiar geometrical arrangement, which is in the form of "fenestrated" communicating zonules. The arrangement of these communicating zonules around rudimentary lumina of pineal clusters and rare transitions between tight and gap junctions may point to phylogenetic transformations of occluding into communicating zonules, corresponding with the change of the pineal gland from a sensory to a secretory organ. Alternatively, these tight-to-gap junctional transitions may reflect the periodic (circadian or seasonal) activity of the pineal gland. PMID- 7261034 TI - The nervous system of Microstomum lineare (Turbellaria, Macrostomida). II. The ultrastructure of synapses and neurosecretory release sites. AB - The ultrastructure of release sites of neurochemical messenger substances in the microturbellarian Microstomum lineare was examined. Aminergic neurites form conventional synapses and synapse-like structures (SLS). Variants of true synapses include: "single" synapses with symmetric pre- and postsynaptic densities, "shared" synapses, i.e., contacts between 1 pre- and 2 postsynaptic fibres, en passant synapses between parallel axonal membranes, and synapses without thickenings having only clustered vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. SLS on a nerve cell soma or facing an intercellular stromal channel near muscles are described. Peptidergic neurites containing large granular vesicles (LGV) from synaptoids and signs of putative neurosecretory release. Synaptoids between neurites and between neurite and muscle have lucent vacuoles (about 100 nm) and dense material at the contact site. In en passage synaptoids dense-core vesicles are embedded in electron-dense material at the contact site. Putative signs of release of neurosecretory material other than "typical" exocytosis have been observed. PMID- 7261035 TI - Retinofugal and retinopetal connections in the upside-down catfish (synodontis nigriventris). AB - The retinofugal and retinopetal connections in the upside-down catfish Synodontis nigriventris were studied by use of the horseradish-peroxidase (HRP) techniques, autoradiography, and degeneration-silver methods. An unusual retinal projection to the torus semicircularis as well as projections to the retina from three different sources in the brain are described. After intra-ocular injections of HRP, labeled cells were found in the optic tectum, the dorsomedial optic nucleus and one of the pretectal nuclei. These new findings support the basic hypothesis (i) that neuronal connections are more extensive in primitive brains, and (ii) that the evolutionary development of more complex brains involves the loss of some selected connections. PMID- 7261036 TI - Terminal sprouting in the sternocostalis muscle of the rat. Effects of increasing extent of partial denervation. AB - Partial denervation of the sternocostalis muscle was achieved by sectioning two out of the five of its intercostal nerves. The terminal sprouting response was markedly increased compared to that found following section of only one nerve. The increase in the response was greater for B type than for C type end plates, although B type end plates appear unable to produce terminal sprouts longer than 20 micron after partial denervation. Double nerve section allowed terminal sprouts from C type end plates to increase the length up to three days, after which time they appeared to retract. It is postulated that the onset of collateral sprouting resulted in reinnervation of empty end plate sites and hence removed the target for terminal sprouts. PMID- 7261037 TI - Glycoprotein gonadotropin in the plasma and its cellular origin in the adenohypophysis of sham-operated and ovariectomized rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. AB - Among the cells of the pituitary generally believed to produce glycoprotein gonadotropin (GTH) five forms were distinguished, based on the amount and the diameter of granules and globules and the appearance of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In sham-operated trout so-called "globular" cells predominated, whereas after ovariectomy these were replaced by so-called "cisternal" cells, suggesting that both belong to one GTH-cell type. In addition, ovariectomy caused a strong increase in plasma GTH-levels. This indicates that the transition from globular to cisternal cells is accompanied by extrusion of GTH, and thus points to a storage of GTH in the granules and globules. It is argued that one of the five forms has the morphological characteristics of thyrotropic cells and may not produce glycoprotein GTH. PMID- 7261038 TI - A morphological and experimental study of gonadal sex differentiation in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. AB - Gonadal sex differentiation in rainbow trout takes place between day (D) 45 and D 55 after fertilization. Until D 400 the male GSI is maintained at about 0.4%, and that of the female at about 1%. Treatment with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) influences the sex ratio and GSI, and is therefore unsuitable as a solvent for steroids to be added to the aquarium water for examination of their effects on gonadal sex differentiation. Triton X-100 has no such effect, and is used as the steroid solvent in the present experiments. Progesterone (300 microgram/l) administered for 4 weeks from hatching, or from D 43, significantly affects the sex ratio in favour of females. Methyltestosterone given from hatching results in sterilization of the gonads, especially when the treatment is carried out for 8 weeks, or when a relatively high dose (300 microgram/l) is used for 4 weeks. When given from D 43 methyltestosterone has a masculinizing effect. It is concluded that progesterone and androgen(s) are important in inducing the onset of ovarian and testis development, respectively. PMID- 7261039 TI - Morphology and vascular anatomy of the gills of a primitive air-breathing fish, the bowfin (Amia calva). AB - The morphology of the gills of a primitive air breather (Amia calva) was examined by light microscopy of semithin sections of gill filaments, and gill perfusion pathways were identified by scanning-electron microscopic analysis of corrosion replicas prepared by intravascular injection of methyl methacrylate. The arrangement of gill filaments and respiratory lamellae is similar to that ot teleosts with the exception of an interfilamental support bar that is fused to the outer margins of lamellae on adjacent filaments. The prebranchial vasculature is also similar to that of teleosts, whereas the postbranchial circulation of arches III and IV is modified to permit selective perfusion of the air bladder. Gill filaments contain three distinct vascular systems: (1) the respiratory circulation which receives the entire cardiac output and perfuses the secondary lamellae; (2) a nutrient system that arises from the postlammelar circulation and perfuses filamental tissues; (3) a network of unknown function consisting of subepithelial sinusoids surrounding afferent and efferent margins of the filament and traversing the filament beneath the interlamellar epithelium. Prelamellar arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) are rare, postlammelar AVAs are common especially at the base of the filament where they form a dense network of small tortuous vessels before coalescing into a large filamental nutrient artery. Unlike in most teleosts, the outer vascular margins of the lamellae are embedded in the interfilamental support bar and become the sole vasculature of this tissue. Arterial-arterial lamellar bypass vessels were not observed. Previously observed decreases in oxygen transfer across the gills during air breathing can be explained only by redistribution of blood flow between or within the respiratory lamellae. PMID- 7261040 TI - Intranuclear inclusion bodies within neurons of spinal and cranial ganglia in three cyprinid species. AB - A histological examination of 205 fish representing four cyprinid species from a site 2.5 miles north of Wheeling, West Virginia, on the Ohio River revealed large (2--4 micron) cuboidal intranuclear inclusion bodies (NIB's) within neurons in the cranial and spinal ganglia of three species. Because the minnows had been caught during a yearly sampling of fish, an additional 63 minnows were taken the following year. Inclusions were again observed. The NIB's stain strongly with phloxine as well as with Mallory and Giemsa stains, appearing bright red or pink. Various histochemical tests indicated that the inclusions contain protein and lipid but no carbohydrates or nucleic acids. No heavy metals were detected by electron probe analysis. At the ultrastructural level the inclusions exhibit subunits resembling hexagons measuring 326--350 nm. Previously suggested causes for such inclusions include effects of viruses, aging, drugs, cellular transformation, and an altered metabolic state of affected cells. PMID- 7261041 TI - Heterogeneity, position, and functional capability of the macrophages in Peyer's patches. AB - Peyer's patches are thought to be deficient in macrophages capable of sustaining the induction of an immune response. The present study examined the position, morphology, and phagocytic activity of Peyer's-patch macrophages, and their ability to take up, in situ, a tracer antigen introduced through the intestinal lumen. Peyer's-patch macrophages were isolated in vitro, and nonspecific esterase activity of individual cells was quantitated. Macrophages concentrated within the epithelium overlying Peyer's patches and in the subepithelial zone showed phagocytic activity and the ability to take up exogenous ferritin. Adherent macrophages demonstrated heterogeneity of esterase activity, with approximatley 15% having none. However, esterase activity in macrophages from lymph nodes was equally heterogeneous. The profile of esterase activity of Peyer's-patch macrophages seemed intermediate between those of macrophages from submandibular and mesenteric nodes. Tingible body macrophages were concentrated in germinal centers and were poorly adherent. The results of this study indicate that macrophages similar to those in lymph nodes are concentrated in the region where they may intercept antigens entering through overlying specialized epithelium. The presence of plasma cells in the same region suggests that local reaction to antigens, perhaps modulating further antigen entry, is supported by these macrophages. Perhaps the proportion of functional macrophages in the entire Peyer's patch is too low to support immune induction in in vitro-tests. PMID- 7261042 TI - Effect of GABA-administration on murine neuroblastoma cells in culture. I. Increased membrane dynamics and formation of specialized contacts. AB - (Gamma aminobutyric acid) GABA was applied to cultures of mouse neuroblastoma cells of different ages at concentrations ranging from 10(-4) to 10(-6) M. The cultures were exposed to GABA either in short term experiments for 2 h to 2 days or for longer periods by adding the substance twice within 10 days at 5-day intervals. The following effects were observed: (1) There was a strong proliferation of coated vesicles, appearing to derive from the Golgi complex and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and also showing all intermediate stages of fusion and pinching off from the plasma membranes. (2) In numerous areas, electron-dense material aggregated at the inner aspect of the plasma membrane and around small invaginations of the plasmalemma. (3) The number and area of specialized contacts increased between cells and their processes. (4) Similar to cultures free of GABA, varicosities and terminal swellings of the cells and their processes were filled with small round vesicle, 40--60 nm in diameter, or with smooth, very large, empty-appearing vesicular inclusions, or with flat pleiomorphic vesicles. In addition, mitochondria and some formations of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) appeared, and primitive contacts (symmetrical densities) were formed. (5) Dense-cored vesicles were found peripherally and linearly arranged, surrounded by an electron-dense substance. (6) Electron-dense material of unknown origin was seen between cells or their processes near the peripherally arranged dense-cored vesicles. Exogenous GABA may play a specific role in the early stages of synaptogenesis, since it showed a positive effect on the neuroblastoma cells, which in the absence of GABA are only capable of forming primitive or immature presynaptic elements. The significance of the peripheral accumulation of dense-cored vesicles, accompanied by an amorphous, electron-dense substance occurring both intra- and extracellularly is discussed. PMID- 7261043 TI - The pattern of lateral-line afferents in urodeles. A horseradish-peroxidase study. AB - The organization of posterior and anterior afferents of the lateral-line system was studied in several species of urodeles by means of transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase. The afferents of each lateral-line nerve form distinct fascicles in the medullary alar plate. Each of the two branches of the anterior lateral-line nerve is organized in two long and one short fascicles. The posterior lateral-line afferents form only two long fascicles. Each ordinary neuromast is supplied by only two afferents, which run in the two ventral medullary fiber bundles. It is suggested that afferents to hair cells displaying one type of polarity form together one bundle, but those contacting hair cells polarized in the opposite way form the second ventral bundle of one lateral-line branch. Thus, the lateral-line afferents may be organized in a directotopic fashion. The short dorsal fascicle formed only by the anterior lateral-line afferents receives fibers exclusively from small pit organs. Each pit organ is supplied by only one afferent. Anatomically, these pit organs resemble in many respects the electroreceptive ampullary organs of certain fish. Neurons labeled retrogradely via the anterior lateral-line nerve afferents have been attributed to the nervus trigeminus or facialis. In addition to the posterior lateral-line afferents, only few centrifugally projecting neurons were labeled. These neurons are discussed as efferents to the posterior lateral-line neuromasts. PMID- 7261044 TI - The hypothalamo-hypophysial system of hypophysectomized rats. II. Structure and ultrastructure of the median eminence. AB - The median eminence (ME) of hypophysectomized rats was studied by means of light and electron microscopy. Paraldehyde-fuchsin (PAF)-positive material is seen in the external zone (EZ) of the ME 2--5 days after the operation. Its amount gradually increases especially in the caudal part of the ME during the following few days. Some PAF-positive fibers make contact with the subependymally located blood capillaries. In the most caudal region of the recessus infundibuli they penetrate into the third ventricle. PAF-positive material decreases markedly from the ME of rats two months after hypophysectomy and exposure to a 1% salt load. Fibers of types A1, A2 and B containing granules of 120--220 nm, 100--150 nm and 80--100 nm in diameter, respectively, are seen in the EZ of the ME in hypophysectomized rats, although almost exclusively A2- and B-type structures make contact with the primary portal capillaries in intact animals. All types of neurosecretory fibers establish contact with the subependymal nonfenestrated blood capillaries and penetrate the recessus infundibuli. Some neurosecretory terminals of different types make direct contact with the glandular cells of the pars tuberalis or are separated from them by a thin basal lamina. It is assumed that mainly neurosecretory fibers of types A2 and B are permanently connected with the primary portal capillaries in the EZ of the ME in intact mammals, while the overwhelming majority of fibers of A1-type shows ingrowth during the course of postoperative reparation. The possible physiological significance of the described changes is discussed. PMID- 7261045 TI - A light- and electron-microscopic investigation of gametogenesis in Typosyllis pulchra (Berkeley and Berkeley) (Polychaeta: Syllidae). I. Gonad structure and spermatogenesis. AB - Tryposyllis pulchra reproduces by the production of three to four gamete-bearing stolons (schizogamy) during consecutive 30--day periods. Although gonads are found in a large number of segments, only those in the posterior-most segments produce gametes and become incorporated into the developing stolon. The more anterior gonads remain undifferentiated and probably sexually undetermined until they are needed in future stolonizations. Gonial cells, which will eventually become either male or female, are ultrastructurally identical at the onset of each stolonization period. Spermatogenesis is marked by a short proliferative period followed by differentiation and spermiogenesis. The first ultrastructural signs of spermatogenesis were found in coelomic spermatogonia on day 10 of stolon formation. Spermatogonia are joined by intercellular bridges, which are maintained until the early spermatid stage. Synaptonemal complexes mark the onset of meiosis, which is apparently synchronized in the syncytial clusters of primary spermatocytes. Spermiogenesis occurs during the final 10 days of stonolization and a variety of stages is present within a single animal. All sperm mature by the time the stolon detaches. Acrosome formation and nuclear condensation are described in addition to the ultrastructure of mature sperm. PMID- 7261046 TI - A light- and electron-microscopic investigation of gametogenesis in Typosyllis pulchra. (Berkeley and Berkeley) (Polychaeta: Syllidae). II. Oogenesis. AB - Oogenesis in Typosyllis pulchra begins with a short proliferative gonial phase. Gonial clusters, consisting of six to eight syncytial sibling cells, are surrounded by gonial peritoneum and are eventually liberated into the coelom. At about the same time as the onset of the coelomic phase, one gonial cell in each cluster differentiates, begins to accumulate yolk and increases in size, eventually to become a mature oocyte. Yolk is composed of lipid droplets and membrane-bound protein granules. The protein component appears to be at least partially synthesized by the oocyte. Yolk is composed of lipid droplets and membrane-bound protein granules. The protein component appears to be at least partially synthesized by the oocyte although there are some signs of endocytosis. Nurse cells and peritoneal cells are apparently able to manufacture some protein that may also be utilized by the oocyte. The nurse cells maintain cytoplasmic continuity with the oocyte, and mitochondria and ribosomes are often seen within the intercellular bridges between oocyte and nurse cell. Immediately prior to spawning, oocytes undergo prematuration and cytoplasmic reorganization. Ultrastructural changes which occur during oocyte growth and maturation are described. PMID- 7261047 TI - The effects of the bites of Argas brumpti (Acarina: Argasidae) on humans. PMID- 7261048 TI - Unilateral tubo-ovarian involvement in pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 7261049 TI - Successful use of nhopi in the treatment of kwashiorkor. PMID- 7261050 TI - Magnesium depletion. A report of a case. PMID- 7261051 TI - A case of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung with associated anomalies. PMID- 7261052 TI - Dissection of the thoracic aorta presenting as a lower limb monoplegia. PMID- 7261054 TI - Congenital posterior choanal atresia: report of two cases. PMID- 7261053 TI - A retrospective study of maternal deaths in the Zimbabwean black. PMID- 7261055 TI - An investigation of malaria during pregnancy in Zimbabwe. PMID- 7261056 TI - Stevens-Johnson syndrome: report of a case involving indigenous herbs. PMID- 7261057 TI - The principles and practice of the N'anga. PMID- 7261058 TI - Anthrax meningitis in Zimbabwe. PMID- 7261059 TI - An improved and simpler system for drainage of the pleural cavity both in emergency and post-operative conditions. PMID- 7261060 TI - Community psychiatric services in Mashonaland, Zimbabwe. PMID- 7261062 TI - Monitoring of anticonvulsant drug levels. PMID- 7261061 TI - Dermatological Aphorisms. PMID- 7261063 TI - Jet lag. PMID- 7261064 TI - Natural killer cells infiltrate transplanted chemically induced sarcomas. PMID- 7261065 TI - Effects of a xenogeneic lymphokine preparation on growth of B16 melanoma in C57Bl/6 mice. PMID- 7261066 TI - Humoral immunostimulation. X. Cytochalasin B stimulates complement-dependent calcium uptake in antibody-treated cells. PMID- 7261067 TI - Augmentation of mouse natural killer cell activity by muramyl dipeptide and its analogs. PMID- 7261068 TI - Human mononuclear phagocyte-associated antigens. II. Lymphokine-inducible antigens on the macrophage cell line, U937. PMID- 7261069 TI - Mechanisms in the in vivo release of lymphokines. V. Responses in alloxan-treated and genetically diabetic mice. PMID- 7261070 TI - The effect of a delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction on in vitro parameters of cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 7261071 TI - [Methods of skin-irritation testing of drug in Czechoslovakia - a suggestion for improving precision]. PMID- 7261072 TI - [Possibility of caffeine occurring as an unknown drug in the determination of antipyrine in plasma]. PMID- 7261073 TI - [Effect of enzymatic activity, concentration of benzene and its metabolites, length of exposure and route of administration on the kinetics of benzene conversion to phenol in rats]. PMID- 7261074 TI - [Preparation of specific antibodies for the determination of individual barbiturates]. PMID- 7261075 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of Benzofenac, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in experimental animals and man]. PMID- 7261076 TI - [Serum proteins in sclerodermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261077 TI - [Chronic benign acantholytic dermatosis, variant of Grover's acantholytic dermatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261078 TI - [Contact allergic eczema caused by glass frames, and its differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261079 TI - [Pemphigus vulgaris as a paraneoplastic manifestation of bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261080 TI - [Arthritis of sacroiliac joints in psoriatics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261081 TI - [Trichophyton violaceum as the causative agent in trichophytosis in the region of North Bohemia, and treatment with mucidin (Mucidermin Spofa) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261082 TI - [Effective substance concentration in epicutaneous tests, and the SI System (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261083 TI - [Argyria imitating cardiopulmonary cyanosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261085 TI - [Nomen-omen dermatologicum]. PMID- 7261084 TI - [New knowledge in dermatology. New entities and syndromes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261086 TI - [Crohn's disease in the Northern Bohemian Region]. PMID- 7261087 TI - [Crohn's disease. Immunological aspects of the disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261088 TI - [Statistical study of regional enterocolitis (Crohn's disease)]. PMID- 7261089 TI - [Indices of the activity of Crohn's disease. The necessity to differentiate between the activity and severity of the disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261090 TI - [Results obtained by evaluation of haematological examination performed on pregnant and lactating women (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261091 TI - [Unclassified inflammation of the large intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261092 TI - [Desmoid tumours in the abdominal cavity in Gardner's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261093 TI - [Treatment of regional enterocolitis (Crohn's disease). Symposium]. PMID- 7261095 TI - [Placental fraction of leucine-aminopeptidase in physiological pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261094 TI - [Foetal motility and newborn's condition after delivery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261096 TI - [Ovarian cancer in the picture of a holosomatic scan tomograph (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261097 TI - [The influence of civil aviation upon the reproductive system of the woman (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261098 TI - [Preventive administration of antibiotics in gynecologic and obstetrical surgery]. PMID- 7261099 TI - [Experiment in affecting cancer biologically with an intramuscular and local administration of the seaweed, Scenedesmus obliquus]. PMID- 7261100 TI - [Pre-pregnancy insertion of Mayer's pessary as therapy for infertility]. PMID- 7261101 TI - [New trends in sex education]. PMID- 7261103 TI - [Reactivation of the cat trachea and lung smooth muscle after administration of histamine]. PMID- 7261102 TI - [Mucociliary transport in man]. PMID- 7261104 TI - [Bacteriological findings in the respiratory tract 1975-1979]. PMID- 7261105 TI - [A comparison of the relation of ventilation to respiratory frequency in humans and dogs using the theory of similarity]. PMID- 7261106 TI - [Pleural mechanoreceptors]. PMID- 7261107 TI - [Chronic obstructive lung disease and carboxyhemoglobin levels]. PMID- 7261108 TI - [Mechanoreceptors of the respiratory tract in experimental tracheitis]. PMID- 7261109 TI - [Effect of SO2 inhalation on the cough reflex in rabbits]. PMID- 7261110 TI - [Function of pulmonary stretch receptors in defensive reflexes of the pulmonary system]. PMID- 7261112 TI - [Voluntary cough]. PMID- 7261111 TI - [Changes in the mechanisms of respiration and cardiovascular function in bronchoconstriction caused by cigarette smoke and anaphylaxis in rabbits]. PMID- 7261113 TI - [Changes in the expiratory reflex after carrageen pleuritis]. PMID- 7261114 TI - [Tussiphonography]. PMID- 7261115 TI - [Evaluation of forced vital capacity in smokers and non-smokers]. PMID- 7261116 TI - [Use of the programmable calculator TI-59 in the evaluation of spontaneous deep breaths in the rabbit before and during bronchospasm]. PMID- 7261117 TI - [The smoking habit - an important mechanism in causing respiratory disorders in miners in Central Slovakia]. PMID- 7261118 TI - [Antihistaminics and cough]. PMID- 7261119 TI - [Pulmonary ventilation and carboxyhemoglobin levels in pregnancy]. PMID- 7261120 TI - [Changes in coughing in cats in relation to their sex]. PMID- 7261121 TI - [Modeling of nasal cavity obstruction]. PMID- 7261122 TI - [The effects of smoking on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems]. PMID- 7261123 TI - [Fulfillment of the supportive health program of the 6th 5-year-plan in otolaryngology]. PMID- 7261124 TI - [Benign tumors of the major salivary glands]. PMID- 7261126 TI - [Inflammations of the major salivary glands]. PMID- 7261125 TI - [Sialolithiasis]. PMID- 7261127 TI - [Diseases of the major salivary glands in childhood]. PMID- 7261128 TI - [Malignant tumors of the submandibular gland]. PMID- 7261129 TI - [Malignant tumors of the parotid gland]. PMID- 7261130 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of mastoiditis at the present time]. PMID- 7261131 TI - [Implantation materials for reconstructive surgery in the middle ear]. PMID- 7261132 TI - [Pachymeningitis externa in children]. PMID- 7261133 TI - [Permeability of the maxillary ostium in sinusitis]. PMID- 7261134 TI - [Analysis of orofacial forms of actinomycosis at the Otolaryngology Clinic in Brno during the past 5 years]. PMID- 7261135 TI - [Morphological study of the surface of palatine tonsils using scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 7261137 TI - [Family environment and the sexual life of women (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261136 TI - [Bilateral eosinophilic granuloma of the temporal bone in a 2-year-old boy]. PMID- 7261138 TI - [Notes on the so-called group contagion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261140 TI - [Memory in the context of some mental disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261139 TI - [On changes in the structure of psychological variability of hospitalized neurotic patients due to treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261141 TI - [Child mutism from the point of view of the physician and the teacher (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261143 TI - [On reamnesia in narcoanalysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261142 TI - [Development of alcoholic diseases and other dependences in the statistics of the Opava Psychiatric Institution (a ten-year retrospective) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261144 TI - [Diagnostic approach in outpatient and institutional psychiatric care (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261145 TI - [Telephone help in Olomouc in 1975 to 1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261146 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c as an indicator of metabolic compensation in children with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7261147 TI - [Detection of congenital heart defects in newborn infants]. PMID- 7261148 TI - [Toxoplasmosis in children]. PMID- 7261149 TI - [Sensitivity of native chest radiographs in the diagnosis of non-contrasting foreign body aspiration]. PMID- 7261150 TI - [Trends in nutrition and the nutritional status of school children in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7261151 TI - [Blood pressure measurement in premature and newborn infants using the Doppler method. Effect of the ratio of the cuff width to the circumference of the extremity]. PMID- 7261152 TI - [Pulmonary arteriovenous aneurysm in a 9-month-old infant]. PMID- 7261153 TI - [The family from the viewpoint of the male adolescent drug abuser]. PMID- 7261154 TI - [New recommendations for nutritional requirements in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7261155 TI - [The course and prognosis of diffuse connective tissue diseases in childhood]. PMID- 7261156 TI - [Occurrence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in records of the Faculty Children's Hospital in Kosice]. PMID- 7261157 TI - [Psychological aspects of precocious puberty]. PMID- 7261158 TI - [3 cases of neonatal teeth in 2 generations]. PMID- 7261159 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of epileptic seizures in children]. PMID- 7261160 TI - [The child and lead. Part 2. diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7261161 TI - [Acute kidney failure in children]. PMID- 7261162 TI - [Health for all by the year 2000]. PMID- 7261163 TI - [Experience of school-age children with smoking]. PMID- 7261164 TI - [Use and abuse of alcohol among school children]. PMID- 7261165 TI - [Drug abuse among school children in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7261166 TI - [Attitude of Czech 15- and 18-year-old adolescents to health]. PMID- 7261167 TI - [Children's needs in a study of desires to 10 to 14-year-old children]. PMID- 7261168 TI - [Attitude toward preparation for marriage and parenthood in a group of 15 to 30 year-old individuals in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7261169 TI - [Another new disease]. PMID- 7261170 TI - [The effectiveness of the use of new types of antiparkinson agents]. PMID- 7261171 TI - [Comparison of international data on hospitalized patients in in-patient health facilities]. PMID- 7261172 TI - [Role of the hospital kin promoting awareness of disease prevention in socialist health services]. PMID- 7261173 TI - [Increase in the utilization of health services in a group of factory workers]. PMID- 7261174 TI - [Prerequisites for the practical application of reduction of data on health status studies of the population]. PMID- 7261176 TI - [Health facility construction with reference to housing construction]. PMID- 7261175 TI - [The role of diabetic retinopathy as a cause of disability in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7261177 TI - [The community internist and cardiology]. PMID- 7261178 TI - [Tasks of health education in the 7th 5-year-plan]. PMID- 7261179 TI - [Infant Institutes, their function and perspectives]. PMID- 7261180 TI - [The importance of Children's Homes for children up to 3 years of age in the pre specialization training of pediatricians in Ostrava]. PMID- 7261181 TI - [Incidence of skin diseases and esthetic defects in students of type II and III schools in Bratislava]. PMID- 7261182 TI - [Preparation for an active old age]. PMID- 7261183 TI - [Statistical indicators of the activities of health institutions: contribution of computer technology]. PMID- 7261184 TI - [Economic aspects of health service activities]. PMID- 7261186 TI - [A concept of ambulatory health care organization in Prague]. PMID- 7261185 TI - [Organization and administration of health services in Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia - present status and perspectives]. PMID- 7261187 TI - A molecular orbital study on the zinc-water-glu 270 system in carboxypeptidase A. PMID- 7261188 TI - Studies on furan derivatives. X. Preparation of 2-substituted 3-(5-nitro-2 furyl)guinoxaline 1,4-dioxides and determination of their antibacterial activity. PMID- 7261189 TI - Antitumor activity of shikonin, alkannin and their derivatives. II. X-ray analysis of cyclo-alkannin leucoacetate, tautomerism of alkannin and cyclo alkannin and antitumor activity of alkannin derivatives. PMID- 7261190 TI - Quantitative determination of ursodeoxycholic acid and its deuterated derivative in human bile by gas chromatography-mass fragmentography. PMID- 7261191 TI - Enzymatic determination of serum glucose. PMID- 7261192 TI - Studies on reduced and oxidized ubiquinones. I. Simultaneous determination of reduced and oxidized ubiquinones in tissues and mitochondria by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7261193 TI - The effect of alkaline denaturation on organic hydroperoxide-supported N demethylase activities of catalase. PMID- 7261194 TI - Permeation and hydrolysis of trichloroethyl phosphate in the rat intestine. PMID- 7261195 TI - The rate of penetration of liquid into tablets. PMID- 7261196 TI - Microencapsulation and bioavailability in beagle dogs of indomethacin. PMID- 7261197 TI - Relationship between polymorphism and bioavailability of amorbarbital in the rabbit. PMID- 7261198 TI - Thiol compounds. I. Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of mercaptoacylamino acids. PMID- 7261199 TI - Anticoccidials. VI. An improved synthesis of 1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-2 pyrazinecarboxylic acid 4-oxide and some related derivatives and determination of anticoccidial activity. PMID- 7261200 TI - [Nipple discharge]. AB - The Authors examine the various types of breast discharge concentrating in particular on the secretions due to inherent pathology. After having studied origin, they concentrate on the diagnostic significance and the limits of exfoliative cytology and contrast mammography. The Authors conclude by presenting an original protocol of treatment of the afflicted breast illustrating in addition, the various surgical techniques proposed for the cure of the sicknesses of intramammary origin that cause abnormal discharge. PMID- 7261201 TI - [The automatic stapling devices: a real progress in the resections of pulmonary tissue (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors describe their experience in the resections of pulmonary tissue performed with the use of American automatic staples TA and GIA after having illustrated the surgical techniques allowed by them, and in most use, the Authors conclude by reviewing the numerous advantages, both operatory and clinical, of the metallic suture applied by the staplers, which confirm the validity of their use in pulmonary resections. PMID- 7261202 TI - [Traumatic ruptures of the duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261203 TI - [Early gastric cancer: a retrospective study of our cases (1974-1979)]. AB - A retrospective analysis of 3052 gastroscopies made by our Digestive Endoscopy Department from 1974 to 1979 was carried out. 14 Early Gastric Cancers out of a total of 157 gastric carcinomas were diagnosed (8.9%), with an EGC: Gastroscopies ratio = 1:218. From the macroscopic point of view 8 were found to belong to type III, 5 to type II, and 1 to type I. The main location was the lesser curvature (angulus-antrum). With regard to the degree of infiltration, 2 were found to belong to stage 0a, 8 to stage 0b, and 5 to stage I. The endoscopic observation gave reason to suspect the presence of a malignant lesion in 6 of the 14 cases. The bioptic examination proved positive in 10 cases, while in 4 the diagnosis was made on the operatory piece. The importance of multiple bioptic samples is again confirmed. Cytology performed by brushing showed malignant tumoral cells in 4 cases, and again in 4 cases the radiological examination led to suspicion of degenerated gastric ulcer. 13 patients were subjected to surgery during which no metastases to the locoregional lymphonodes were found; the patients are all alive. We started gastric carcinoma screening by selecting the patients on the basis of a worksheet covering epidemiological, clinical, biohumoural and instrumental parameters, since the prognosis for the disease is directly proportional to the earliness of its diagnosis. PMID- 7261204 TI - [Ablation of haemorrhoids by cryosurgery in high risk patients (author's transl)]. AB - A group of 48 patients of differing age and sex, suffering from 3rd degree hemorrhoids with pulmonary, cardiac or renal disease, epilepsy or scleroderma, so that the traditional operation under general anaesthesia is contraindicated, is examined. Cryosurgical haemorrhoidectomy, without hospitalisation, under local anaesthesia of anal sphincter led in all these patients to cure verified rectoscopically 2-3 months after the operation. The postoperative course was entirely normal, with pain symptoms that were sharp in 7 cases, limited in 14. A serohematic secretion occurred for about a week in 6 patients. Normal living and working activity was resumed on average after about 11 days. PMID- 7261205 TI - [Posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261206 TI - [Gastric hamartoma with mucous glands and with appearance of a pedunculate polyp of the body (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261207 TI - [Free perforation by primary and localized hodgkin's disease of the small bowel (author's transl)]. AB - The observation of a case of Hodgkin's disease primarily localized in the small bowel and with clinical picture of free perforation prompts the AA. to report the unusual enteric symptoms of this disease and to examine its pathologic and clinical features. Although Hodgkin's disease of the small intestine as a cause of perforation is extremely rare, the AA. describe the prominent frequency of abnormal serum proteins and of long lasting diarrhea with syndrome of florid malabsorption as primary manifestations of ileum involvement. Moreover the AA. indicate that while diagnosis of this peculiar location is rarely made clinically, it requests laparotomy and its confirmed by histologic specimen. The AA. suggests radical surgery and extensive radiotherapy in the treatment of primary Hodgkin's disease of the small bowel. PMID- 7261208 TI - [Proximal selective vagotomy in treatment of duodenal ulcer (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty duodenal ulcer patients were subjected to proximal selective vagotomy (p.s.v.) and modified Dor antireflux plastic surgery. Accurate clinical, radiological, endoscopic, gastrosecretory, radioimmunological and PH-manometric tests were made before and 7 and 30 days after surgery. The results confirm the effectiveness of p.s.v. in treatment of ulcerous disease, and the usefulness of combining modified Dor plastic surgery in order to prevent postoperative feedback. PMID- 7261209 TI - [A rare case of sigmoidoduodenal neoplastic fistula (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical case of a patient with sigmoidoduodenal neoplastic fistula is taken as the starting-point for a review of the relevant literature. The great rarity of fistulisation of a sigmoid tumour of the 4th portion of the duodenum is stressed. A clinical definition of the disease is followed by a discussion of the various methods of surgical treatment, with emphasis on the problem presented by reconstruction of the duodenum owing to its anatomosurgical difficulties. PMID- 7261210 TI - [Ileo-ileo-colic invagination due to pure fibroma of the small intestine. Personal observation (author's transl)]. AB - Starting from a case of pure fibroma of the small intestine, which led to ileo ileo-colic invagination, the Authors review the literature on the subject. The great rarity both of the type of neoplastic pathology found and the type of induced intestinal invagination is stressed. It is concluded by asserting that correct diagnosis, adequate selection of the type of surgery and its efficient performance allow a favourable prognosis in the overwhelming majority of cases. PMID- 7261211 TI - [Wilkie's syndrome: etiopathogenetic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of some cases we have seen]. AB - The Authors hold that for the onset of the clinical manifestations of the Wilchie's syndrome the contemporary appearance of 2 causes is necessary: the first is an anatomical variance of the organs comprising that particular anatomical location and the second being a pathological alteration taking place in one or more of these set organs. Moreover they suggest appropriate surgical procedure art at removing both causes that produced the disease. PMID- 7261212 TI - [A rare clinical manifestation of intestinal carcinoid conditioning mesenteric vascular insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors after having paid considerable attention on the contemporary existence of numerous carcinoid tumours of the intestine and of other abdominal organs, as well as on the frequent multicentricity exhibited by the very same at the level of the last tract of the ileum, explain this by considering the recent research performed on the APUD cells and on the cells of the diffuse endocrine system (DES) of the intestine. They present a carcinoid case, where it is understood that the product of secretion of the same, still not completely identified in its structure and mode of action, produces an arterial vascular alteration even at considerable distance from the tumour, hence bringing about an intestinal ischemic symptomatology which they hypothesize is the case for all the cells of the intestinal diffuse endocrine system, a type of self-regulatory feed back hormonal system. PMID- 7261213 TI - [Duodenal lipoma. Case description (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261214 TI - [Rare complications of chronic pancreatitis: obstructions of the contiguous hollow organs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261215 TI - [Analysis of comments on 26 cases of biliary ileus]. AB - The Authors describe a case of gall-stone ileus complicated by a bowel perforation they had the chance to observe. They have treated it surgically with success. Starting from this clinical care, they have analysed the cases of gall stone ileus in their department in these last ten years, then they have looked over the literature and the draw conclusions concerning diagnosis, time of hospitalisation and a surgical treatment and the levels where occlusions occur more frequently. PMID- 7261216 TI - [Case of adenomyoma of Oddi's sphincter]. PMID- 7261217 TI - [Pigmentous villonodular synovitis affecting the bone (author's transl)]. AB - Pigmentous villonodular synovitis (P.V.N.S.) is a rare arthropathy consisting in a hypertrophic-hyperplastic reaction of the synovial membrane in circumscribed or diffused form. Involvement of the bond, found very rarely during the course of this arthropathy, seems to be due to compressive-erosive action of diffusely hyperplastic pathologic tissue and not neoplastic invasion. In this note there is a report on the cases of the "G. Pini" Orthopaedic Institute in Milan: 33 cases of P.V.N.S., of which 5 with bone involvement. PMID- 7261218 TI - [Immunological monitoring of patients operated on for epidermoid bronchogenic carcinoma]. AB - Sequential monitoring of non specific immunity has been carried out in 16 patients with squamous cell bronchogenic carcinoma undergoing radical surgery. At the time of diagnosis total lymphocyte counts, T-lymphocyte counts and the blastogenic response of lymphocytes to PHA were only slightly depressed; on the contrary C3c and C4 serum levels were significantly increased (P less than 0.01). Sequential determinations of the immunologic profile at monthly intervals up to the 12th postoperative month showed a transient increase of total lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte levels; the lymphocyte blastogenic response to PHA and also C3c and C4 serum levels progressively decreased. Delayed hypersensitivity response to cutaneous antigens, neutrophil chemotaxis, serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and B lymphocyte counts were constantly found within normal range. PMID- 7261219 TI - [Reoperations in surgery of biliary lithiasis (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors report on their cases of biliary surgery reoperation, necessary in 267 cases out of 3193 primary operations. After a short discussion of the aetiological, diagnostic and therapeutic problems of relapsing biliary pathology, they compare their results with those of the most important sets of cases reported in world literature. PMID- 7261220 TI - [Perforated duodenal peptic ulcer in the suckling baby: considerations on a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261221 TI - [Study of the relations between recurrent nerve and inferior thyroid artery (author's transl)]. AB - The importance of a knowledge of the relations between recurrent nerve and inferior thyroid artery, in order to minimise the incidence of injuries to the nerve during thyroidectomy, is stressed. These relations are analysed from the anatomo-surgical standpoint, with particular emphasis on the great variability to which they are subject. It is concluded by asserting the utility of prior location of the recurrent nerve, with an indication of some basic concepts that must always be borne in mind when performing thyroid surgery. PMID- 7261222 TI - [Long-tem results of surgical treatment of biliopancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Conservative treatment of Recurring Acute Pancreatitis (R.A.P.) is characterised by a fairly high disease and death rate due to the numerous relapses involving pancreatic lesions of ever increasing severity. 42 patients with R.A.P., subjected to biliary tract surgery at Trieste University Institute of General Surgical Clinic, were re-examined (average follow-up of three years) in order to assess the effectiveness of the treatment given. The follow-up results confirm the need for prompt surgical operation aimed at correcting the biliary pathology and at obtaining complete "restitutio ad integrum" from the pancreatic anatomo functional standpoint when such therapy has been correctly applied. PMID- 7261223 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of nonneoplastic obstructive pathology of the common bile duct by papillosphincteroplasty (author's transl)]. AB - Starting from a discussion of the controversial views on the indications and correct execution of papillosphincteroplasty (PSP), the Authors report their own experience with the procedure and their first-hand evaluation of its merits, based on a series of 77 patients treated by PSP over the last 3 years (out of a total of 650 patients treated surgically for nonneoplastic pathology of the biliary tract). Their followup to date (up to 3 years after surgery), based on clinical, biohumoral and radiological findings, shows that the long-term results were excellent in 85%, good in 13%, and poor in 2% of the cases. PMID- 7261224 TI - [Remky's probe : success and failure]. PMID- 7261226 TI - [Biological diagnosis of phaco-antigenic uveitis by the human basophil degranulation test]. PMID- 7261227 TI - [Use of buflomedil hydrochloride in ocular pathology]. PMID- 7261225 TI - [Value of a combination of cobalamins in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7261228 TI - [Atypical fibroxanthoma of the eyelid. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7261229 TI - [Congenital nystagmus and ocular albinism]. PMID- 7261231 TI - [Ophthalmologic problems peculiar to carriers of tapetoretinal degeneration educated in centers for the visually handicapped]. PMID- 7261230 TI - [Visual pathways, a "new" plane of orientation of the head (neuro-ocular plane)]. PMID- 7261232 TI - [Development of remaining vision in visually deficient children]. PMID- 7261233 TI - [Cavernous hemangioma of the choroid (clinical review of 10 cases)]. PMID- 7261234 TI - [Indications for photocoagulation in malignant tumors of the retina]. PMID- 7261236 TI - [Retinal manifestations disclosing hemoglobin S C disease]. PMID- 7261235 TI - [Photocoagulation and tumor]. PMID- 7261237 TI - [Limitations and contraindications of panretinal photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy (clinical cases)]. PMID- 7261238 TI - [Campimetric development after operations for pituitary adenoma (apropos of 190 cases)]. PMID- 7261239 TI - [Palisade degeneration. Statistical study of 537 cases]. PMID- 7261241 TI - [Current concepts of pigmentary retinopathy]. PMID- 7261240 TI - [Chorioretinitis induced by vaccination]. PMID- 7261242 TI - [Intraocular silicone in the treatment of retinal detachment. Indications. Technical notes]. PMID- 7261243 TI - [Cilia of the lacrimal sac : their vibratile role, comparative ultrastructure of the lacrimal canaliculus, lacrimal sac and nasal mucosa. Preliminary results]. PMID- 7261244 TI - [Minor forms of Leber-Coats syndrome (clinical cases)]. PMID- 7261245 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the fibrillar connective matrix of the trabeculum in glaucoma]. PMID- 7261246 TI - [A case of Jadassohn's sebaceous nevus of the eyelid and eyebrow]. PMID- 7261247 TI - [How to measure the depth of the anterior chamber (comparative study of 4 simple methods)]. PMID- 7261249 TI - Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate administered via the hepatic artery. AB - The pharmacokinetics of moderate doses of methotrexate administered via the hepatic artery were studied in ten patients with cancer metastatic to the liver. Intra-arterial methotrexate showed two-compartment characteristics with a clearance of 79 ml/min/m2 and an apparent volume of distribution of 21.2 l/m2 body surface area. The average half-life of the early phase was 1.9 h and the terminal half-life was 14.4 h. The data were not different from those observed in similar patients after IV administration of equivalent doses of methotrexate. PMID- 7261248 TI - [Development of the static perimetry curve after panretinal photocoagulation]. PMID- 7261250 TI - Significance of variation in serum thymidine concentration for the marrow toxicity of methotrexate. AB - Thymidine (dThd) concentrations have been measured in the sera of normal subjects and solid tumor cancer patients by means of a sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay to determine whether natural and methotrexate (MTX)-induced fluctuations were large enough to alter the toxicity of MTX to marrow. The mean concentration in normal subjects with measurable levels was 1.3 X 10(-7) M (range less than 4 X 10(-8) to 6 X 10(-7) M). In cancer patients it was 2.0 X 10(-7) M (range less than 4 X 10(-8) to 8.7 X 10(-7)), and in malignant effusions 1.2 X 10(-7) M (range less than 4 X 10(-8) to 2.2 X 10(-7) M). The wide range of variation in random samples was also found when multiple samples were obtained from the same patient during a 24-h period where dThd concentration varied from a minimum of two- to greater than six-fold. Treatment with MTX 3 mg/m2 caused an average 59% reduction in serum dThd during the first 24 h after injection during nine courses of therapy. dThd was tested for its ability to modulate the toxicity of MTX to human granulocate colony-forming units in culture across the concentration range found in vivo: changes in dThd concentration equivalent to normal fluctuations in vivo altered colony survival by 31% to greater than 72%. A reduction in culture dThd equivalent to that produced in vivo by high-dose TMX increased colony kill by 25%. The results indicate that in vivo variations in serum dThd are in an appropriate range and of a sufficient magnitude to alter the toxicity of MTX to marrow, and they demonstrate that MTX can modulate its own toxicity by reducing serum dThd. PMID- 7261251 TI - Effects of endotoxin on the pharmacology of antineoplastic agents. AB - Patients with cancer often develop serious gram-negative bacterial infections. Since bacterial endotoxins have been shown to affect the in vitro hepatic metabolism of antineoplastic agents, significant infection may adversely affect drug pharmacokinetics and metabolism in these patients. To evaluate the clinical significance of these effects, bacterial endotoxin (0.5 mg/kg, IV) was administered to male beagle dogs 1 or 24 h prior to the administration of radiolabeled 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), methotrexate (MTX), arabinosylcytosine (Ara C), or vinblastine (VLB) as an IV bolus. Drug levels in plasma and urine were measured at various times after administration and standard pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The pharmacokinetics of all four agents were found to be significantly altered by the administration of bacterial endotoxin. However, there were no detectable patterns to these changes so that no predictions could be made. In studies on rats, chronic, nonlethal endotoxin administration (0.8 mg . kg-1 . day-1 for 10 days) resulted in a dramatic decrease in the distribution of [14C]methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) in liver, kidney, intestine, heart and lung tissue. This suggests that bacterial endotoxin may also effect drug pharmacokinetics by altering drug penetration into various organs. In studies on hepatic microsomes isolated from rats, bacterial endotoxin incubation affected aniline hydroxylase activity only at concentrations greater than 0.4 mg/ml, at least tenfold higher than the LD 50 of endotoxin in rats. It therefore seems likely that the endotoxin may require in vivo metabolism to affect changes in drug metabolism and disposition. PMID- 7261252 TI - In vitro cell growth inhibition by metallocene dichlorides. AB - The in vitro growth-inhibiting potencies of titanocene dichloride (TDC), zirconocene dichloride (ZDC), hafnocene dichloride (HDC), vanadocene dichloride (VDC), and molybdocene dichloride (MDC) against Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells cultured in viro as permanently growing suspension cultures were determined. The most striking growth-suppression activity was detected for VDC. A VDC concentration as low as 5. 10(-6) mol/l effects a highly significant diminution of cell proliferation. TDC and MDC inhibit cellular growth only concentration of 5 . 10(-4) or 10(-3) mol/l, respectively, whereas ZDC and HDC, which are ineffective against EAT cells in vivo, require higher concentration levels. The growth inhibition is caused by a cytotoxic action of the metallocene dichlorides, as is demonstrated in the case of VDC and TDC by differentiation of live and dead EAT cells by means of the dye lissamine green. PMID- 7261254 TI - Doxorubicin pharmacokinetics after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration in the nude mouse. AB - The pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in nude mice have been investigated following intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of single doses of 12 mg/kg. The areas under the concentration curves of doxorubicin in kidney, heart, and striated muscle following intraperitoneal administration were approximately half the areas following intravenous injection, whereas plasma and liver showed nearly identical concentrations after a distribution phase of 2 h. Only minor differences in pharmacokinetics were found between nude and normal mice. PMID- 7261253 TI - Pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin after administration as free drug or as DNA complex in leukemic patients. AB - An earlier whole-body autoradiographic study in mice revealed large differences between the tissue distribution of daunorubicin (D) after administration as free drug as as DNA-linked D. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of D administered as free drug or linked to DNA was studied in 15 adult patients with acute non lymphoblastic leukemia. The data obtained following infusion of free drug over either 45 or 240 min could be fitted to a two-compartment open-body model. With the D-DNA infusion considerably higher plasma concentrations were achieved, with a slower distribution and elimination from plasma than seen after the administration of free drug. this confirmed earlier animal data indicating a different pharmacokinetic behavior of D when it was administered linked to DNA. Furthermore, different pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained for D during infusion and in the post-infusion phase after administration of DNA-linked D (P less than 0.005). This finding strongly indicates that the D-DNA acts as a slow release preparation in humans, which might modify tissue distribution and toxic side-effects of the drug. PMID- 7261255 TI - Behavioural social work with encopretic children, their families and the school. AB - Social work intervention and the use of behaviour modification techniques is described in five cases of childhood encopresis, all boys. In two cases an operant model was adopted and the parents were asked to reinforce with praise and stars approximation to the goal (trying) as well as success (defaecation into the lavatory). The P.S.W. rewarded the children intermittently with praise and small gifts and supported and praised the mother for the efforts they were making. In the third case contingencies surrounding elimination were altered in order to bring about desensitization following an injury the child had suffered while sitting on the seat of the school lavatory. This had resulted in fearfulness over going to the toilet at school culminating in alternate soiling and constipation. In the remaining two cases self-monitoring was central to the treatment and training. The work was done within the context of a conventional casework relationship with the whole family which was warm and supportive in nature and directed towards problem solving in more than one area. Other members of the Child Guidance Team were involved with some of the children for the purpose of assessment, but the programmes were devised and carried out by the P.S.W. The author expresses the view that 'treatment through training' has shown better and quicker results than 'treating the underlying causes--not the symptom'. Several behavioural programmes currently in use are described and reasons given for the author's preference for the procedure adopted here. PMID- 7261256 TI - Seminar on blinding malnutrition amongst children: an introduction. PMID- 7261258 TI - Does the calcium current modulate the contraction of the accompanying beat? A study of E-C coupling in mammalian ventricular muscle using cobalt ions. AB - This study was prompted by a conclusion that emerged from experiments by others on mammalian ventricular muscle i.e., that the magnitude of the calcium current (Isi) does not influence contraction on the accompanying beat. In the key experiments, muscles were potentiated with paired pulses, rested for 2 minutes, and then re-stimulated. When Co2+ was present during the rest, the first post rest action potential (and presumably Isi) was depressed but contraction was unchanged. In the present study, we have measured the effect of Co2+ on the action potential, Isi, and tension of bovine, cat, and rabbit ventricular muscle. All three parameters were depressed by 1-2 mM Co2+ when muscle was stimulated at 20/min. The key experiments of the earlier study were repeated. Co2+ (1-2 mM depressed both the action potential plateau and contraction on the first post rest response. We conclude that the use of Co2+ in this type of experiment does not provide evidence against a role for Lsi in the modulation of contraction. PMID- 7261257 TI - Improving child nutrition at the village level. PMID- 7261259 TI - Diastolic-systolic coronary flow differences are caused by intramyocardial pump action in the anesthetized dog. PMID- 7261260 TI - Spread of contraction in rabbit ear artery preparations in response to stimulation by norepinephrine. AB - To investigate the spread of contraction in the rabbit ear artery, changes in segment diameter were measured after local stimulation. No spread of contraction was produced by direct current or local application of norepinephrine (NE). Repetitive electrical stimulation caused contraction which spread far from the point of excitation. Since 2 x 10(-7) g/ml tetrodotoxin (TTX) or 10(-5) M phentolamine prevented this spread of contraction, we concluded that it depends on normal function of periarterial nerves and of the alpha-adrenergic receptors at the site of the smooth muscle cells. To check this conclusion and exclude the possibility of myogenic propagation, which normally is due to the conduction of action potentials, the relation between membrane potential of smooth muscle cells and the rapid phase of the contractile response after rapid addition of NE was investigated. In both polarized and depolarized tissues NE induces a biphasic contractile response with no difference in latency. Membrane potential does not change during mechanical latency after the rapid addition of 5 x 10(-9) - 5 x 10( 6) g/ml NE. There are only slight differences in contraction amplitude and maximum rate of tension development when strips from polarized and depolarized tissues incubated in Ca2+-free solution are stimulated by NE. These findings support the conclusion that spread of contraction is not due to myogenic propagation. PMID- 7261261 TI - Left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations in rats with healed myocardial infarction. Effects on systolic function. AB - To determine the effects of healed myocardial infarction on the diastolic compliance of the left ventricle, we studied 36 rats 26 days after left coronary artery ligation. Peak cardiac output and stroke volume were measured under ether anesthesia during volume loading, and peak left ventricular developed pressure was determined during occlusion of the ascending aorta. During a slow infusion of saline into the potassium-arrested left ventricle, diastolic pressure and volume were measured continuously over the pressure range -5 to 30 mm Hg. Infarct size was determined by planimetry of serial sections taken from each heart at 1-mm intervals from apex to base. In rats with healed infarcts, left ventricular volume was increased in proportion to infarct size and the diastolic pressure volume relationship was shifted so that at pressures below 2.5 mm Hg volume was increased, resulting in an increased ventricular compliance in this low pressure range. Above this pressure, the slopes of the pressure-volume curves were similar in rats with and without infarctions. Peak cardiac output and pressure-generating capacity were impaired in proportion to infarct size. This impairment of cardiac performance correlated with the infarct size-related increase in diastolic volume, which served to offset the reduction in flow generating capacity caused by systolic dysfunction, while contributing directly to the impairment of pressure generating capacity. PMID- 7261262 TI - Myocardial relaxation. III. Reoxygenation mechanics in the intact dog heart. AB - Reoxygenation of hypoxic isolated cardiac muscle results in prolonged duration of contraction-relaxation. To determine whether similar mechanical changes occur in the intact left ventricle (LV), and especially to assess the influence of prolonged relaxation on LV diastolic stiffness, we examined LV pressure transients (micromanometer) and changes in myocardial segment length (ultrasonic transit time) during reoxygenation in 22 anesthetized dogs following 15 minutes of hypoxia (PaO2 = 21 +/- 2 mm Hg). The time constant (T) of LV isovolumic exponential pressure decline was used as an index of myocardial relaxation; LV end-diastolic stiffness was assessed from stiffness constants derived from multiple coordinates of end-diastolic pressure and segment length (volume loading). During reoxygenation, after LV systolic pressure and segment length measurements had returned to control levels, relaxation was prolonged; T increased from a control of 32 +/- 2 to 44 +/- 3 msec at 5 minutes of reoxygenation (P less than 0.01). Prolonged relaxation resulted in a consistent increase in LV early-diastolic pressures. Furthermore, calculated values for LV end-diastolic stiffness increased during reoxygenation when the next beat began less than 3.5 T after maximum negative dP/dt; this condition was present more frequently at a heart rate of 150 beats/min than at 120 beats/min. Thus, rapid correction of acute hypoxia in the dog results in prolonged LV relaxation; prolonged relaxation can influence LV end-diastolic stiffness when relaxation is sufficiently slow and/or when diastole is sufficiently short. PMID- 7261263 TI - Glucose metabolism during ischemia due to excessive oxygen demand or altered coronary flow in the isolated arterially perfused rabbit septum. PMID- 7261264 TI - Chronic localized hypotension and resetting of carotid sinus baroreceptors. Electrophysiological and histological studies in the dog. AB - Resetting of carotid sinus (CS) baroreceptors to chronically elevated systemic pressure in hypertension has been demonstrated. The effects of chronic system hypotension on CS baroreceptor afferents has not been elucidated, however. The purpose of the present study was to determine the electrophysiological and histological characteristics of CS baroreceptors exposed to chronic hypotension. Chronic unilateral hypotension was produced by anastomosis of the common carotid artery to the external jugular vein. CS nerve activity and histology of the normotensive sinus (mean CS pressure +/- SD = 96 +/- 10.9 torr) were compared to those of the hypotensive sinus (mean CF pressure 50 +/- 14.2 torr) 44-49 days after anastomosis in nine mongrel dogs. An isolated CS pouch preparation was used to produce standard pressure changes. Threshold pressure for hypotensive sinuses (15.5 +/- 5.19 torr) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than for normotensive sinuses (40.6 +/- 9.73 torr). Saturation pressure was also significantly less in the hypotensive sinus (P less than 0.05). There were no significant differences between slopes of the stimulus-response curve or in architecture of intima or media of the two sides. Thus, the stimulus-response curve was shifted to the left in chronic CS hypotension, and this effect could not be related to a change in CS light microscopic histology. PMID- 7261265 TI - The effect of hyperosmolality on the permeability and structure of the capillaries of the isolated rete mirabile of the eel. PMID- 7261266 TI - Effect of atrial systole on canine and porcine coronary blood flow. AB - A feature of phasic coronary flow patterns recorded in conscious chronically instrumented dogs is the atrial cove--a transient depression of arterial flow that occurs during atrial systole. The association between the hemodynamic effects of atrial systole and the atrial cove was studied in anesthetized dogs and pigs with complete heart block. Many atrial coves are available for study in these preparations because atrial activity continues unabated during the diastolic ventricular arrest that follows cessation of electrical pacing. The effect of atrial systole is to translate the pressure-flow relation found during diastole to a higher intercept pressure without change in slope. The increase in the intercept pressure equals the increase in intramyocardial pressure measured with microtransducers embedded in the left ventricular wall. The decrement in flow during the atrial cove is a direct function of the change in intramyocardial pressure and an inverse function of coronary vascular resistance. Each atrial systole is associated with a forward flow transient in the coronary veins, the peak of which occurs at the same instant as does the nadir of atrial flow. These data suggest that the coronary vessels are acting as collapsible tubes and that the waterfall model of the coronary circulation is applicable. The following sequence is proposed to account for the atrial cove. Atrial systole ejects a bolus of blood into the left ventricle increasing both ventricular cavity and intramyocardial pressures. The increase in intramyocardial pressure raises the back pressure opposing coronary flow, reducing the arterial perfusion pressure gradient and causing flow to fall. PMID- 7261267 TI - Localization of ascending inotropic and chronotropic pathways in the cat. PMID- 7261268 TI - Transmural myocardial blood flow in a canine model of coronary artery bridging. PMID- 7261269 TI - Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. V. Comparison to activities in liver and kidney after thyroidectomy and relation to dynamic clearance of circulating low density lipoproteins. AB - Thyroid hormones influence circulating low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in humans; they could have an effect on LDL catabolism. Male rats were thyroidectomized (H); half were treated for 7 days with 2 micrograms triiodothyronine/100 g body weight (T) and both groups were compared to controls (C). Aorta, liver, and kidney were assayed for cellular marker enzymes, including lysosomal acid cholesteryl esterase (ACE). Specific activities of ACE (mU/mg DNA; mean +/- SD) were: Aorta, C, 0.19 +/- 0.01; H, 0.16 +/- 0.01; T, 0.21 +/- 0.01; Liver: C, 15.55 +/- 1.49; H, 9.16 +/- 1.54; T, 15.43 +/- 2.28; Kidney: C, 1.70 +/ 0.23; H, 1.04 +/- 0.13; T, 2.08 +/- 0.35. Half lives for injected unmodified 125I-labeled human LDL were 11.5 +/- 0.7 hour in C, 16.2 +/- 3.1 in H, and 12.9 +/- 0.9 in T groups. Fractional catabolic rates (FCR) of LDL in %/hr were 6.5 +/- 0.6 in C; 4.8 +/- 0.5 in H, and 6.0 +/- 0.3 in T. Reductively methylated 125I labeled human LDL had half-lives of 14.9 +/0 1.4 hour in C and 15.1 +/- 1.6 hour in H and the FCR of this modified LDL was 5.3 +/- 0.5 %/hr in C and 5.2 +/- 0.7 %/hr in H groups. Thus, thyroidectomy results in marked decreases in ACE specific activity of liver and kidney and a marked decrease in FCR and prolonged half-life of non-modified LDL (all P less than 0.05). On the other hand, methylated LDL showed a similarly reduced FCR and prolonged half-life in control and thyroidectomized rats (P less than 0.05). This suggests a major effect of thyroid deficiency on receptor-mediated uptake of LDL in vivo and demonstrates the influence of hormonal status on dynamic clearance and catabolism of LDL. PMID- 7261271 TI - Effect of initial sarcomere length on sarcomere kinetics and force development in single frog atrial cardiac cells. AB - We studied sarcomere performance in single isolated intact frog atrial cells using techniques that allow direct measurement of sarcomere length and force. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether length-dependent alterations in contractile activation occur in the single isolated cardiac cell. This was accomplished by determining the effect of initial sarcomere length on the time course of sarcomere shortening and force development during auxotonic twitch contractions. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the velocity of sarcomere shortening, the rate of force development, and the magnitude of force development during auxotonic twitch contractions all increase as initial sarcomere length increases over the range of about 2 micrometers to greater than 3 micrometers. These results indicate that the level of contractile activation increases as initial sarcomere length increases. Also, results are presented that indicate that the rate of increase of contractile activation during a twitch contraction also increases as initial sarcomere length increases. These length-dependent effects on contractile activation in conjunction with the slow time course of contractile activation cause the force-velocity-length relationship to be time-dependent: i.e., the velocity of sarcomere shortening at a given sarcomere length and load depends on the time during the contraction when the sarcomere reaches that length. The results suggest that length-dependent alterations in contractile activation may play a major role in the improved contractile performance that accompanies an increase in initial sarcomere length in cardiac muscle. PMID- 7261270 TI - The importance of the spleen in blood volume shifts of the systemic vascular bed caused by the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex in the dog. PMID- 7261272 TI - The effect of an isovolumic left ventricle on the coronary vascular competence during reflow after global ischemia in the rat heart. AB - During global ischemia in isolated rat hearts, the development of contracture, due to irreversible myofilament sliding, causes reduction of left ventricle luminal volume. Also, a considerable area of the myocardium cannot be reperfused after 1 hour's global ischemia. The purpose of this study was to reduce myofilament sliding by placing a fluid-filled isovolumic balloon in the left ventricular cavity of isolated rat hearts and assess the extent of reflow, after 60 minutes' ischemia, by perfusion of a 1% fluorescein tracer solution. Light and electron microscopy was used to determine the state of the vasculature and myofibrillar apparatus. In hearts without the left ventricular balloon (control) the ischemia produced a no-reflow zone comprising 45% of the myocardial wall. In contrast, if an isovolumic balloon was in place during the ischemic period, only 6% of the wall was involved. The volume of the capillary bed in the subendocardium of the control hearts was about 60% of that in th isovolumic hearts. In the isovolumic ("isometric") mode, ischemic contracture was associated with more severe myocardial cell injury than in the corresponding control ("isotonic") mode. Our results support the concept that intramyocardial pressure generated by ischemic contracture plays a major role in the production of the no reflow phenomenon in globally ischemic rat hearts, and indicate that it is the series elastic component of cardiac muscle which imparts the stiffness necessary to prevent reopening of coronary vessels after a severe ischemic insult. PMID- 7261273 TI - The effects of lidocaine on intracellular and extracellular potentials, activation, and ventricular arrhythmias during acute regional ischemia in the isolated porcine heart. PMID- 7261274 TI - Mechanical and structural correlates of canine pericardium. AB - We have assessed viscoelastic properties of pericardium within the physiological range of stresses and related mechanical behavior to fiber direction as defined by scanning electron microscopy. Stiffness, stress relaxation, and creep were measured in samples taken from the anterior surface of 14 canine pericardia. Stress-strain relations generally were not exponential; stiffness at a stress of 1 g/mm2 ranged from 12.9 to 239 g/mm2 during stretch and varied both from pericardium to pericardium and with the orientation of the strip within the sample (anisotropy). The strips exhibited hysteretic behavior which was not promotional to rate of strain. Following a rapid increase in stress, creep averaged less than 1% and stress relaxation, 34% in a 30-minute test period. The orientation of the strip with the greatest stiffness was consistent from pericardium to pericardium, and correlated with a layer of collagen fibers oriented along the major axis of te strip. PMID- 7261276 TI - Comments on: "anticholinergic effects of disopyramide and quinidine on guinea pig myocardium--mediation by direct muscarinic receptor blockade". PMID- 7261275 TI - Decreased intercellular coupling after prolonged rapid stimulation in rabbit atrial muscle. AB - Driving rabbit atrial trabeculae at a rapid rate for 15 minutes resulted in a decrease in the space constant for electrotonic decay from an average of 670 to 440 micrometers. Input resistance, Rin, as measured by use of a double-barrelled microelectrode, increased from a mean value of 380 kOhms to one of 600 kOhms. The time to return to control values after the end of rapid driving was 20-60 minutes. Similar effects of rapid driving were observed in the presence of atropine, propranolol, and atropine plus propranolol and phentolamine. According to the theory of current spread in a three-dimensional syncytium, a rise of input resistance should be interpreted mainly as an increase of cell-to-cell resistance. We advance the hypothesis that, when driven at their maximal possible rate (or when fibrillating), cardiac cells gain Na+ ad Ca2+, and that this results in partial but reversible uncoupling. PMID- 7261277 TI - Hemodynamic and angiographic evaluation of aortic regurgitation 8 and 27 months after aortic valve replacement. AB - Eighteen patients with chronic aortic insufficiency were evaluated hemodynamically and angiographically 8 months after aortic valve replacement. Both the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and the left ventricular end diastolic volume decreased significantly (p less than 0.001), but the mean ejection fraction and the cardiac output remained identically lowered, though some individual cases showed improvement. The relative reduction in end-diastolic volume correlated only with the preoperative ejection (p less than 0.05) and regurgitation fractions (p less than 0.02). In the 10 patients whose left ventricular volume remained high or ejection fraction low, a second evaluation was performed 27 months after surgery. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume was significantly lowered (from 151 to 120 ml/m2, p less than 0.05) back to normal in five cases. The systolic and diastolic ventricular shape returned to normal. Cardiac index and ejection fraction were unchanged. These results show a marked improvement a few months after aortic valve replacement, with a further improvement several months later, as shown mainly by the decrease of left ventricular end-diastolic volume and the return to normal of left ventricular cavity shape. However, in most cases, the ejection fraction remained at its preoperative valve, suggesting that surgery should be performed early, before myocardial deterioration appears. PMID- 7261278 TI - Clinical significance and hemodynamic correlates of the third heart sound gallop in aortic regurgitation. A guide to optimal timing of cardiac catheterization. AB - The hemodynamic and clinical data of 42 patients with chronic significant aortic regurgitation and 31 normal subjects were examined. Of the patients with aortic regurgitation, 28 had a third heart sound (S3) gallop and 14 did not. There was no significant difference in the severity of regurgitation between the patients with or without an S3 gallop. However, all patients with an S3 gallop had an abnormality increased left ventricular residual volume and depressed contractile state. These findings were supported by the hemodynamic data of two patients who underwent cardiac catheterization before and after the development of an S3 gallop. We conclude that the S3 gallop in patients with chronic AR reflects left ventricular dysfunction, rather than more severe degrees of regurgitation per se, and may therefore be useful for selecting patients for cardiac catheterization and consideration for prosthetic aortic valve replacement. PMID- 7261279 TI - Functional mitral stenosis in patients with massive mitral annular calcification. AB - Mitral insufficiency with mitral annular calcification occurring predominantly in elderly females has been described. We studied six patients with mitral diastolic obstruction associated with mitral annular calcification without stenosis of the mitral leaflets. Three were males and three were females, aged 43-77 years. All had significant diastolic gradients across the mitral valve (mean gradient 16 mm Hg) recorded at catheterization. Two patients had aortic and three had mitral valve replacement. No patient had retraction of the mitral leaflets, diffuse thickening or fusion of the commissures at surgery or pathologic examination. Three patients had severe mitral insufficiency, one associated with voluminous prolapsing mitral leaflets and one as a result of ruptured chordae tendineae. The left ventricle was dilated in three patients, two with mitral regurgitation and one with mixed aortic valve disease. Active mitral annular motion is a normal event and is necessary for normal valvular function; severe calcification of the ring interferes with its normal diastolic relaxation and this alone may explain the holodiastolic mitral gradient found in these patients. PMID- 7261280 TI - Obesity and cardiac function. AB - We studied 10 obese volunteers, mean age 36.5 +/- 10.3 years, who weighed 123.56 +/- 28.7 g and were 69.96 +/- 22.5 kg overweight. The subjects did not have diabetes, arterial hypertension or signs of cardiac and respiratory failure or disease and all underwent right- and left-heart catheterization. cardiac output and stroke volume were high, according to increased oxygen consumption and to the degree of obesity. Ventricular end-diastolic and atrial pressures ranged from normal to high and correlated with body weight, signs of volume overloading and reduced left ventricular (LV) compliance. The mean pulmonary artery pressure was elevated and correlated well with weight, pulmonary resistance being normal; mean aortic pressure did not correlate with weight, and systemic arterial resistance tended to have a negative correlation. The LV function curve showed impaired ventricular function, particularly for the heaviest subjects, in whom Vmax and the ratio of the stroke work index to LV end-diastolic pressure were reduced. These indexes correlated well with each other and both correlated negatively with the degree of obesity. In contrast, maximal dP/dt was normal and did not correlate with excess weight. These observations show that depressed LV function is already present in relatively young obese people, even if they are free from signs of cardiopathy and other associate diseases. The degree of impairment of heart function seems to parallel the degree of obesity. PMID- 7261281 TI - Experimental study of afterload-reducing therapy: the effects of the reduction of systemic vascular resistance on cardiac output, aortic pressure and coronary circulation in isolated, ejecting canine hearts. AB - The relationship between cardiac output (CO) and peripheral resistance (Rp) was examined under the following conditions for coronary perfusion: constant coronary flow perfusion; perfusion with a pressure equal to mean aortic pressure (AoP perfusion); and perfusion with a pressure equal to the mean AoP - 30 mm Hg (AoP - 30 mm Hg perfusion). We also examined the coronary pressure-flow relationship. For these studies, we used paced, isolated, ejecting canine hearts, which were loaded by a hydraulic system that simulated the input impedance of a dog's systemic arterial tree. The CO in the constant coronary flow perfusion continued to increase with the reduction of Rp. The CO in the AoP perfusion became maximal at a slightly subphysiologic Rp, or at an average mean AoP of 65 mm Hg. This mean AoP was closely associated with the lower limit of the autoregulation of coronary blood flow. In the AoP - 30 mm Hg perfusion, the mean AoP at which CO became maximal was 72 mm Hg and the corresponding coronary perfusion pressure appeared to be lower than the lower limit of the perfusion pressure range for coronary flow autoregulation. The Rp value at that point was slightly higher than the physiologic range. We conclude that when coronary perfusion pressure changes with mean AoP, and when left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is fixed, there is a clear optimal Rp at which CO becomes maximal, and this optimal Rp is higher if coronary perfusion pressure is biased from mean AoP to a significant degree. PMID- 7261282 TI - Results of long-term vasodilator therapy in patients with refractory congestive heart failure. AB - The long-term effects of vasodilator therapy with oral hydralazine and long acting nitrates were studied in 34 patients with refractory heart failure. Seven patients who had marginal hemodynamic improvement despite optimal hydralazine therapy were not maintained on vasodilators, and eight who had a favorable hemodynamic response subsequently discontinued hydralazine therapy because of side effects. Of these 15 patients, four (27%) died and 11 remained in New York Heart Association functional class II or IV at a mean follow-up of 10 +/- 2 months (SEM). The 19 patients who received chronic therapy for 8 +/- 2 months were divided into nine late responders (47%), who improved to functional class I or II, and 10 late nonresponders (53%), who remained in functional class III or IV. Only one of the nine late responders (11%) died, compared with seven of the 10 late nonresponders (70%) (p less than 0.01). The actuarially determined survival at 1 year was 100% for late responders and 13 +/- 12% for late nonresponders (p less than 0.01). No clinical variable could distinguish late responders from late nonresponders. Hemodynamic variables measured before vasodilator therapy showed that late responders had a lower mean right atrial pressure (8 +/- 1 vs 17 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) and lower mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (20 +/- 2 vs 30 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.005), higher stroke, volume index (27 +/- 2 vs 20 +/- 1 ml/m2, p less than 0.005) and higher stroke work index (32 +/- 4 vs 19 +/- 2 g-m/m2, p less than 0.01) than late nonresponders. There were no significant differences in the acute response to vasodilators between the two groups. We conclude that (1) a substantial portion of patients with refractory congestive heart failure either do not have a beneficial response to vasodilator therapy or discontinue it because of side effects; (2) about half of the patients who are maintained on chronic vasodilator therapy (or about one-fourth of the patients in whom therapy is initiated) had sustained clinical benefit; and (3) the initial hemodynamics, but not the clinical variables, are predictive of late mortality and late clinical response. Patients with evidence of more severe left ventricular dysfunction have an unfavorable course. PMID- 7261283 TI - Determinants of drug response in severe chronic heart failure. 1. Activation of vasoconstrictor forces during vasodilator therapy. AB - Vasodilator drugs activate neurohumoral forces that produce peripheral vasoconstriction and tachycardia and probably cause the rebound events observed upon abrupt withdrawal of therapy. To determine their role in limiting therapeutic vasodilator responses, these reactive forces were measured in 40 patients with severe chronic heart failure by quantifying the magnitude of rebound change (MRC) after nitroprusside withdrawal. Group 1 patients (n = 22), who had minimal reactive vasoconstriction (MRC less than or equal to 27%), showed marked hemodynamic effects with nitroprusside (4.5 microgram/kg/min) and isosorbide dinitrate (40 mg orally), associated with significant decreases in heart rate with both drugs (p less than 0.001). Despite administration of the same doses of both drugs, group 2 patients (n = 18), who had marked rebound changes (MRC greater than 27%), showed significantly smaller changes in cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure (p less than 0.001), associated with no change or increases in heart rate. Rebound events were attenuated and the responses to nitroprusside and nitrates were enhanced in four patients in whom these drugs were readministered after pretreatment with i.v. phentolamine (0.3mg/min). We conclude that activation of neurohumoral forces can limit the hemodynamic responses to vasodilator administration; this supports the use of combination therapy of direct-acting vasodilators and neurohumoral antagonists in selected patients with severe chronic heart failure. PMID- 7261284 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of hemodynamic criteria in the diagnosis of acute right ventricular infarction. AB - To test the sensitivity and specificity of hemodynamic criteria for acute right ventricular infarction (RVI), two groups of patients with anatomically proved acute myocardial infarction and hemodynamic monitoring were studied. Group A included 22 patients acute RVI and group B, 38 with infarction confined to the left ventricle. In both groups, the closest relation between right atrial and pulmonary capillary pressures (RAP and PCP), as well as the presence of a severe noncompliant pattern (SNCP), were studied. A SNCP was defined as a y descent deeper than the x descent in RAP. RAP was equal to or higher than PCP in 10 patients from group A and in none from group B. In group B, a significant relation was found between RAP and PCP (r = 0.777, y = 0.43x + 0.18) (p less than 0.05), and the 95% confidence limits could be calculated. Above these limits, a closer relation between RAP and PCP was only found in patients with RVI. However, six patients with RVI showed an RAP/PCP relation within 95% confidence limits of group B (sensitivity 72.7%, specificity 100%). A SNCP was present in 12 patients with RVI and only in one without RVI (p less than 0.01) (sensitivity 54.5% and specificity 97.4%). When either criterion is present (close relation between RAP and PCP or SNCP), a high sensitivity (81.8%) and specificity (97.4%) can be achieved in the diagnosis of acute RVI. PMID- 7261285 TI - Myocardial infarct size and location in relation to the coronary vascular bed at risk in man. AB - Recent infarcts were compared with the anatomic boundaries of the involved vascular bed in human hearts to determine the amount and location of necrosis in relation to the myocardium at risk. The coronary arteries were injected with BaSO4 in 18 human hearts with 3-16-day-old infarcts. Thin (3-4 mm) slices were cut at 10-15 mm intervals, photographed, x-rayed and used for histologic analysis. Infarct outlines were traced from gross photographs using histologic confirmation of infarct boundaries, and the vascular bed was independently traced from the x-rays. Ischemic bed size and infarct size were then calculated by computerized planimetry. Infarct size ranged from 13-72% of the left ventricle (mean 30 +/- 3.6%) and was linearly related to the size of the occluded vascular bed (r = 0.93). However, the infarcts were always smaller than the occluded beds. They involved 50-88% of the ischemic bed (mean 69 +/- 3.0%) due to variation in the transmural extent of necrosis. A lateral zone of viable muscle within the ischemic bed was present but was consistently narrow (mean 1.7 +/- 0.3 mm) so that the infarcts involved 93 +/- 2.3% of the width of the bed at risk. Thus, ischemic bed size is a major determinant of infarct size in fatal human infarcts. When natural limitation of infarct size occurs, it is due primarily to limitation of the transmural extent of necrosis. PMID- 7261286 TI - The prognostic value of submaximal exercise testing with radionuclide ventriculography before hospital discharge in patients with recent myocardial infarction. AB - To test the hypothesis that patients at risk of future cardiac events can be identified by sub-maximal exercise testing with radionuclide ventriculography (RVG), 61 patients were studied a mean of 19 +/- 1.0 days (+/- SEM) after acute myocardial infarction (MI). RVGs were used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), wall motion score (WMS), end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end systolic volume (ESV), and the ratio of systolic blood pressure to ESV (P/V index) at rest and during submaximal exercise. Frank lead ECGs were analyzed for ST-segment change and arrhythmias. These patients were followed for a mean of 9.6 months (60 for 6 months or more and one for 3 months) to determine the incidence of cardiac death, recurrent MI, unstable or medically refractory angina, persistent congestive heart failure (CHF) or limiting angina; these problems were considered to be important cardiac events. At the 6-month follow-up, 37 patients had important complications: four patients died, five had MI, seven had unstable or medically refractory angina, 11 had persistent CHF and 10 had severe limiting angina. The sensitivity and specificity of RVG in predicting the important postinfarct complications listed above were 95% and 96% for failure to increase LVEF by at least 5 units, 95% and 96% for an increase in ESV of more than 5%, 97% and 88% for failure of the P/V index to increase by more than 35%, and 81% and 88%, respectively, for a decrease in WMS. The sensitivity and specificity of the ECG in predicting important complications were 54% and 58%, respectively. The rest and submaximal exercise RVG variables, the ECG, a history of MI, the location of the infarction, Killip class III, age, sex, and maximal work load performed were analyzed statistically to determine the best predictors of prognosis. The change with exercise in LVEF, ESV and the P/V index were most significant variables in predicting prognosis during the 6-month follow-up period. When patients with subsequent cardiac events were separated into those with death, recurrent MI and unstable or medically refractory angina as major cardiac events, and patients with persistent CHF and limiting angina as less important ("minor") cardiac events, only the peak submaximal exercise LVEF and history of MI were significant in distinguishing these groups. In patients without important cardiac events during the 3- and 6-month follow-up, 70% and 88%, respectively, no abnormality in the responses of LVEF, ESV, or P/V index to submaximal exercise. These results suggest that submaximal exercise testing with RVG is a highly sensitive means of classifying patients at the time of hospital discharge after MI according to the likelihood of having cardiac events during the ensuing 6 months. PMID- 7261287 TI - Hemodynamic effects of nitroprusside in infants with a large ventricular septal defect. AB - To evaluate the effect of acute vasodilator therapy, nitroprusside was administered at cardiac catheterization to five infants (ages 10 days to 6 months) with isolated ventricular septal defect and congestive heart failure. Intravenous nitroprusside was begun at a dose of 0.5 micrograms/kg/min and was increased by increments of 0.5 micrograms/kg. Hemodynamic measurements were made before nitroprusside, after 5 minutes at each dose, and 10 minutes after nitroprusside was discontinued. Baseline data were obtained before nitroprusside administration and compared with data obtained at maximal nitroprusside dose. The pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio increased from 2.2 +/- 0.2 to 3.4 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05) as a consequence of a marked decrease in systemic blood flow (5.3 +/- 0.7 to 3.6 +/- 0.51/min/m(2), p less than 0.05). Pulmonary flow did not change significantly. Mean pulmonary capillary wedge and right atrial pressures decreased by 53% (10.2 +/- 1.4 to 4.8 +/- 1.4 mm Hg [p less than 0.01] and 6.0 +/- 1.4 to 2.8 +/- 1.1 mm Hg [p less than 0.05], respectively). Decreases in mean aortic (63.6 +/- 3.0 to 54.6 +/- 2.1 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (41.4 +/- 6.2 to 32.0 +/- 6.7 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) were also observed. An apparently paradoxical increase in systemic resistance occurred (11.7 +/- 1.6 to 15.4 +/- 2.4 U, p less than 0.05. Our data show that nitroprusside causes a marked decrease in systemic blood flow and an increase in the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio in infants with a large ventricular septal defect. These findings may be related to the hemodynamic profile of these infants, in whom ventricular function, cardiac output and systemic resistance are normal. PMID- 7261288 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot: an angiographic-pathologic correlative study. AB - The anatomic abnormalities observed by cineangiographic axial techniques of 12 patients with tetralogy of Fallot were correlated with anatomic details noted at necropsy. Right ventricular angiograms made in the right anterior oblique view best demonstrated the severity and type of infundibular obstruction and also permitted differentiation of the perimembranous, infundibular muscular and subarterial types of ventricular septal defects. The degree of aortic overriding was best displayed in the long-axis view. Comparison of the intracardiac anatomy of each postmortem specimen with the respective premortem cineangiogram has provided further clarification of the angiographic anatomy displayed by these axial techniques. PMID- 7261289 TI - Agreement in human interpretation of analog thallium myocardial perfusion images. AB - To assess the agreement of human interpretation of analog thallium myocardial perfusion images, four experienced interpreters evaluated 100 images on two occasions using a form designed to limit reader variability. A high intraobserver agreement (agreement by same observer at separate times) of 89--93% was found when films were interpreted as normal or abnormal (a dichotomous decision). Interobserver agreement for a majority grouping of observers (three or four) was 75% for an abnormal and 68% for a normal interpretation. However, agreement ranged from 11--79% when interpreters were asked to read the anatomic location of defects. Posterior and lateral wall defects were interpreted with the least amount of agreement. These results indicate that caution must be taken when interpreting defect location. Using a scale of 1--10 to grade the severity of a defect, correlations of 0.82--0.86 were found when reading defects in the lateral and anterior projections. Higher correlations, from 0.86--0.94, were found in left anterior oblique views. Use of reporting forms with specific criteria, multiple observers at one occasion, and/or computer processing may improve agreement. A brief review of the agreement of cardiology testing procedures is also presented. PMID- 7261290 TI - Myocardial thallium-201 kinetics in normal and ischemic myocardium. AB - The initial myocardial uptake of thallium-201 depends on myocardial blood flow distribution. The phenomenon of delayed thallium redistribution after transiently or chronically altered myocardial perfusion has been described. The net myocardial accumulation of thallium-201 after injection depends upon the net balance between continuing myocardial extraction from low levels of recirculating thallium in the blood compartment and the net rate of efflux of thallium from the myocardium into the extracardiac blood pool. These experiments were designed to measure separately the myocardial extraction and intrinsic myocardial efflux of thallium-201 at normal and at reduced rates of myocardial blood flow. The average myocardial extraction fraction at normal blood flow in 10 anesthetized dogs was 82 +/- 6% (+/- SD) at normal coronary arterial perfusion pressures and increased insignificantly, to 85 +/- 7%, at coronary perfusion pressures of 10--35 mm Hg. At normal coronary arterial perfusion pressures in 12 additional dogs, the intrinsic thallium washout in the absence of systemic recirculation had a half time (T 1/2) of 54 +/- 7 minutes. The intrinsic cellular washout rate began to increase as distal perfusion pressures fell below 60 mm Hg and increased markedly to a T 1/2 of 300 minutes at perfusion pressures of 25--30 mm Hg. A second, more rapid component of intrinsic thallium washout (T 1/2 2.5 minutes) representing approximately 7% of the total initially extracted myocardial thallium was observed. The faster washout component is presumed to be due to washout of interstitial thallium unextracted by myocardial cells, whereas the slower component is presumed due to intracellular washout. The net clearance time of thallium measured after i.v. injection is much longer than the intrinsic myocardial cellular washout rate because of continuous replacement of myocardial thallium from systemic recirculation. Myocardial redistribution of thallium-201 in states of chronically reduced perfusion cannot be the result of increased myocardial extraction efficiency, but rather, is the result of the slower intrinsic cellular washout rate at reduced perfusion levels. PMID- 7261291 TI - Identification of pulmonary emboli in the dog: comparison of angioscopy and perfusion scanning. AB - Fifteen dogs were studied by perfusion scan, angioscopy and autopsy. In 10, emboli were formed in leg veins and released before study; five dogs were not embolized and served as controls. In controls, angioscopy disclosed no emboli, perfusion scans were normal after angioscopy and autopsy disclosed no emboli. Among the embolized dogs, 23 emboli were identified at autopsy. Perfusion scans disclosed 23 defects, but in three dogs there was a disparity between scan and autopsy localization. Angioscopy identified 21 of the 23 autopsy-defined emboli and localized them correctly; two emboli in vessels less than 1 mm in diameter were not visualized. Angioscopy may provide a useful new approach in animal investigations of pulmonary embolism and perhaps, after additional study, in selected patients. PMID- 7261292 TI - Clinical validity of a negative venogram in patients with clinically suspected venous thrombosis. AB - Although it is generally accepted that negative venography excludes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients in whom it is clinically suspected, there is no evidence to support this conclusion. To test the correctness of withholding anticoagulant therapy in these patients, we followed 160 consecutive patients who had clinically suspected DVT and negative venograms to determine the frequency of postvenographic DVT. Anticoagulant therapy was withheld in all patients. No patient died or developed pulmonary embolism during 3 months of follow-up. Two of the 160 patients (1.3%) attended the clinic on an emergency basis during follow up with new symptoms of DVT and in both patients, DVT was confirmed by objective testing. These events developed within 5 days of venography, which suggests that they were induced by venography. Nevertheless, the findings indicate it is safe to withhold treatment in patients with clinically suspected DVT and negative venograms. PMID- 7261293 TI - Diet and its relation to coronary heart disease. PMID- 7261294 TI - Naloxone administration before sleep. PMID- 7261295 TI - Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular diseases: introductory remarks. PMID- 7261296 TI - Symposium on alcohol and cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 7261297 TI - Alcohol, cardiovascular risk factors and mortality: the Chicago experience. AB - The association between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk factors, the association between alcohol consumption and the incidence of high blood pressure, and the association between alcohol consumption and mortality, both all-cause and cause-specific, were examined in the white males from the Chicago Peoples Gas Company study and the Chicago Western Electric Company study. In both studies, there was a significant cross-sectional association between heavy alcohol use- defined as problem drinking in the Gas Company and as consumption of six or more drinks per day in the Western Electric Company--and the level of blood pressure and high blood pressure. In addition, in 1340 normotensive men ages 27-64 years from the Gas Company and in 871 normotensive men ages 40-55 years from the Western Electric Company, a significant prospective relationship was shown, for the first time, between heavy drinking and risk of developing high blood pressure. In the Gas Company, among 1233 men ages 40-59 years, 38 problem drinkers had significantly higher 15-year mortality from all causes, the cardiovascular diseases and coronary heart disease than the rest of the men. In the Western Electric study, 78 men who consumed six or more drinks per day had significantly higher 17-year mortality from all causes, the cardiovascular diseases and coronary heart disease, cancer and all other causes than the rest of all men. PMID- 7261298 TI - Alcohol and cardiovascular disease: the Hawaiian experience. AB - Data from the Honolulu Heart Program indicate that there is an inverse relation between alcohol intake (up to 60 oz of ethanol/month) and the risk of coronary heart disease incidence and mortality. Alcohol intake is positively related to levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and to hypertension as defined by the criteria of the World Health Organization. Alcohol intake is not related to the incidence of cerebral infarction, but is positively related to the incidence of hemorrhage. Alcohol intake is also related to mortality from cirrhosis of the liver and from various types of cancer. PMID- 7261299 TI - The relationship between alcohol consumption, liver enzymes and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. AB - High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations are inversely related to risk of heart attack. Alcohol consumption is a primary factor related to increased HDL concentrations. We investigated HDL cholesterol before and after cessation of high alcohol consumption in alcoholics. Men admitted to an alcohol detoxification hospital had a mean HDL cholesterol level of 85 mg/dl, which is almost twice that found in the general population. After 4 days of treatment, HDL cholesterol levels decreased an average of 12.5 mg/dl. The decrease was directly correlated with the initial HDL cholesterol levels and inversely correlated with the change in triglyceride levels. Alcoholics who abstained for at least 1 month had HDL cholesterol concentrations similar to those of the general population. The increased HDL cholesterol levels in the alcoholics were highly correlated with liver enzyme concentrations, especially SGOT. The results suggest that alcohol increases HDL cholesterol concentrations through hepatic microsomal enzyme induction. PMID- 7261300 TI - Kinetic serum creatinine assays I. The role of various factors in determining specificity. AB - We studied the specificity of kinetic methods of analysis, with emphasis on creatinine determination. The error contributed by an interferent that reacts with the analytical reagent and absorbs at the wavelength of analysis is shown to be related to the ratio of the equilibrium absorbances of the analyte and interferent, the ratio of the rate constants, the extent of the analytical reaction, and the duration of the measurement. To assess the potential diminution of the interference with kinetic methods, we determined the rate constants of several alpha-keto acids in the Jaffe reaction. Evaluation of the advantages of various measuring techniques with respect to specificity showed the main factors to be the extent of the analytical reaction and the relative value of the rate constants. Total specificity for creatine appears to be unattainable with currently used kinetic techniques. PMID- 7261301 TI - Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in hypo- and hyperthyroidism. AB - We studied alterations in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and of other lipid categories (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides) in serum in hypo- and hyperthyroid states, and compared these findings with those of a control group. In the latter group the lipids showed an age-related increase in concentration but with a decrease in the eighth decade in all categories. In untreated hypo- and hyperthyroid subjects, all of the lipid values differed significantly from those of the controls but promptly returned to normal values upon treatment. In hypothyroid patients who are prone to develop coronary heart disease, the concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were high, suggesting protection against heart disease, while the ratio to total cholesterol indicated the contrary. The exact opposite of these relationships was seen in hyperthyroid disorders. This apparent paradox suggests that the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum, with its established atherogenic effect, should be given at least equal, if not more, weight than the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum, with its alleged protective effect. PMID- 7261302 TI - Effects of sample aging on total cholesterol values determined by the automated ferric chloride-sulfuric acid and Liebermann-Burchard procedures. AB - To investigate the comparability of three commonly used methods for determination of total cholesterol in plasma in several studies, we used fresh plasma samples as well as plasmas and reference sera that had been stored frozen at -15 degrees C for as long as several years. Duplicate determinations by the manual method of Abell et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 195: 357, 1952) were compared with estimates from one to five continuous-flow analyzers by the ferric chloride-sulfuric acid procedure and also with estimates from five to 13 continuous-flow analyzers by the Liebermann-Burchard procedure with calibrator, as part of the laboratory standardization activities of the Lipid Research Clinics. The agreement among all three procedures was generally within acceptable limits (within 5% of the manual method) when plasmas or sera were fresh or had been frozen for less than one month. Results by the manual method of Abell et al. agreed well with those by the automated Liebermann-Burchard method for samples that had been stored at -15 degrees C for as long as two years. However, the automated ferric chloride sulfuric acid procedure often showed unacceptably high values (as compared with those from the manual method) for samples that had been stored frozen for a year or more. With the ferric chloride-sulfuric acid method, measured cholesterol concentration increased about 2.5% per year of storage for at least two years. We conclude that reference sera of plasmas that have been kept in long-term frozen storage (-15 degrees C) are not suitable for ongoing standardization of the automated ferric chloride-sulfuric acid assay for cholesterol. PMID- 7261304 TI - Reference values for cerebrospinal fluid glutamine concentration in infants. AB - We measured cerebrospinal fluid glutamine concentration in a reference group of 85 newborn to 30-month-old infants. All of the spinal taps were performed for the diagnosis of illnesses unrelated to hyperammonemia or hepatic encephalopathy. We also analyzed samples from patients with meningitis or cerebral hemorrhage, or who were receiving total parenteral nutrition. The mean glutamine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid in the reference group was somewhat lower than values reported for older children and adults. Values were significantly higher in patients with meningitis or cerebral hemorrhage and in those infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 7261303 TI - Commercially-supplied binders for plasma cobalamin (vitamin B12), analysis- "purified" intrinsic factor, "cobinamide"-blocked R-protein binder, and non purified intrinsic factor-R-protein binder--compared to microbiological assay. AB - Recent evidence (Kolhouse et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 299: 785-792, 1978) demonstrates that commercial cobalamin (Vitamin B12) radioassay kits contain nonspecific R-protein binding agents that can give falsely normal results in patients who are actually cobalamin deficient. We tested three kits: with "purified" intrinsic factor as the binder, with intrinsic factor and the nonspecific R-protein sites blocked with "cobinamide," and non-purified intrinsic factor-R-protein binder. Results with use of the first two compared well with those by a microbiological assay (Lactobacillus leichmannii) and are in harmony with clinical impressions. PMID- 7261306 TI - Properties and clinical significance of an alkaline phosphatase-lipoprotein-X complex. AB - The existence of an alkaline phosphatase-lipoprotein-X complex was demonstrated as an abnormally moving band in the agar-agarose gel alkaline phosphatase pattern of sera from 58 patients in a group of 72 patients whose sera contained lipoprotein-X. The position of the abnormally moving band in the agar-agarose gel alkaline phosphatase pattern and the percentage of alkaline phosphatase activity in the complex in relation to the total serum alkaline phosphatase activity depend on the serum lipoprotein-X concentration. The presence of the complex is a reliable indicator for cholestasis and of limited value in the differentiation between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis. PMID- 7261305 TI - Purification of an alkaline phosphatase-lipoprotein-X complex. AB - An alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme was observed in an abnormal position in the agar-agarose gel pattern of sera from several patients suffering from intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis. We purified this isoenzyme, by gel filtration and affinity chromatography, from the serum of a patient suffering from extrahepatic cholestasis. Analysis demonstrated an alkaline phosphatase lipoprotein-X complex with a relative molecular mass of at least 669,000. We discuss the interpretation of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme patterns produced by different techniques. PMID- 7261307 TI - Improved separation of creatine kinase isoenzymes by use of DEAE-Sepharose Cl-6B. AB - We describe here a simple, rapid chromatographic procedure for quantitatively separating serum creatine kinase isoenzymes (EC 2.7.3.2), with diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sepharose CL-6B as the anion-exchanger. We established the column bed height and the elution parameters by use of a simplex procedure. DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B equilibrated in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (50 mmol/L, pH 7.5, and containing 30 mmol of NaCl per liter) is packed into a miniature polystyrene column with bed dimensions of 0.7 x 1.5 cm. The DEAE-Sepharose column system was evaluated and compared with a DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column system. The results indicate that the Sepharose column yields MM, MB, and BB isoenzymes uniquely, without cross contamination. Coefficients of variation (CV's) for 10 replicate column assays were 2.8, 5.9, and 15.2% for 569 U of MM per liter, 82.3 U of MB per liter, and 9.0 U of BB per liter, respectively. The serum sample was enriched with baboon heart extract. Day-to-day reproducibility for a serum control assayed on 10 days yielded CV's of 4.6, 9.9, and 40.3% for 391, 45.3 and 1.9 U of isoenzymes MM, MB, and BB per liter, respectively. A reference interval for each isoenzymes was derived from data on 81 men and 63 women. PMID- 7261308 TI - Restoration of lead-inhibited 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity in whole blood by heat, zinc ion, and (or) dithiothreitol. AB - We examined effects of heat, zinc, ion, and dithiothreitol in restoring the activity of lead-inhibited-5-aminolevulinate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.24). The ratio of non-activated to activated activity produced by dithiothreitol correlated well with blood lead concentration among 35 lead workers. The individual effects of heat, zinc, or dithiothreitol differ from each other in the shift of pH optimum as well as in the extent to which activity is restored. Dual or triple combinations of these agents show additive or complementary restoration of activity. The combination of heat and zinc or zinc and dithiothreitol expands the range of optimum concentration of zinc in restoring activity. Using these combinations of agents, we can expect more accurate evaluation of lead exposure than by measuring only activation of zinc. Although dithiothreitol most powerfully restores activity, it restores not only the activity inhibited by lead exposure but also the activity removed by oxidation of SH-groups in the enzyme molecule. PMID- 7261309 TI - Microencapsulated antibodies in radioimmunoassay. III. Determination of cortisol. AB - We describe a method for directly measuring total plasma cortisol by use of a microencapsulated antibody. The antibody microcapsules were incubated with plasma and 125I-labeled cortisol in a competitive reaction at 37 degrees C for 15 min, then separated by centrifugation; the radioactivity of the pellet was counted for 1 min. Analytical recovery of cortisol from three plasma pools was 97.6% (SD 8.5%) and was unaffected by triglyceridemia, hemolysis, or icterus. The standard curve was linear to 500 microgram/L and the sensitivity was 10 microgram/l. Recovery of cortisol added as the hemisuccinate was 102% (SD 10.6%), whereas that of the conjugate cortisol hemisuccinate/bovine serum albumin was 4.3% (SD 3.5%). This confirmed that the microcapsule excludes large molecules. The within-day CV for two control pools was 9.8 and 12.8%, the day-to-day variation 13.4 and 13.8%. PMID- 7261310 TI - Interference of imferon in colorimetric assays for iron. AB - Imferon (Merrell-National), an iron-dextran complex, is widely used in patients with iron deficiency. It is present in the circulation in appreciable amounts for two to three weeks after administration and interferes with all tested colorimetric iron assays, both with and without deproteinization. The amount of the plasma Imferon iron interference depends primarily on the choice of reductant. With dithionite it is essentially 100%. In the presence of ascorbic acid and hydroxylamine, the interference depends also on assay conditions, especially temperature, but also incubation time and pH. The minimum interference in a homogeneous assay was about 3%. The relative amount of interference from hemoglobin iron under the various assay conditions is different from that of Imferon iron. In the presence of a reducing agent, the dextran-iron complex decomposes--instantaneously with dithionite, and gradually with sulfite, ascorbic acid, and hydroxylamine. The freed iron becomes dialyzable, can react with bathophenanthroline, and elutes on a Sephadex G-50 or G-15 column in the same fractions as an ammonium ferrous sulfate. PMID- 7261311 TI - Gas-chromatographic determination of disopyramide and its mono-N-dealkylated metabolite in serum with use of a nitrogen-selective detector. AB - I describe a rapid, simple routine gas-liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous isothermal quantitation of disopyramide and its mono-N-dealkylated metabolite. The method involves one extraction step with dichloromethane, derivatization of the metabolite, and gas chromatography with an OV-17 liquid phase. Standard curves were linear over the concentration range tested (0.1-25 mg/L) and the maximum coefficient of variation was 9.2%. Quantitation of both disopyramide and its mono-N-dealkylated metabolite with the present method is less time-consuming than are gas-chromatographic methods previously described. PMID- 7261312 TI - Quantitative evaluation of linearity. PMID- 7261313 TI - Lot-to-lot variation in three thyroid-related radioimmunoassay kits. AB - We examined lot-to-lot variation in triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyrotropin radioimmunoassay kits over 14-20 months. For the thyroxine assay, less than 20% of the overall variation was attributable to lot-to-lot changes. In contrast, for the triiodothyronine and thyrotropin assays half to two-thirds of the overall variation was attributable to lot-to-lot differences. The shifts seen in control results were also observed in results for patients. These shifts produced disturbing deviations on quality-control charts but did not appear to compromise the clinical utility of the results. We conclude that lot-to-lot variation can account for a major part of the long term variability of radioimmunoassay kit results and should be considered in evaluating kits and monitoring their performance. PMID- 7261314 TI - Albumin-bound fluorescence in serum of patients with chronic renal failure. AB - A band that is strongly fluorescent and migrates electrophoretically with serum albumin is commonly found in electrophoretograms of sera from patients with chronic renal failure. We sought to determine whether the fluorescence originates from binding of certain still-unidentified metabolites or drugs, from an abnormal albumin species, or from some other protein entity. Molecular-exclusion column chromatography, polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing, and cellulose acetate electrophoresis, along with results of charcoal treatment and alcohol extraction, provided evidence that the fluorescence comes from fluorescent ligands tightly bound to albumin. The fluorescent intensity of the albumin fraction, isolated by molecular-exclusion chromatography, coincides with the albumin-associated fluorescence determined electrophoretically and with the intensities of the fluorescence emission spectrum for serum. A fluorescent species with an emission maximum of 415 +/- 5 nm, separated by thin-layer chromatography, appears to account for the increased serum fluorescence. PMID- 7261315 TI - Evaluation of standard curves in the graded hemagglutination-inhibition method applied to quantitation of human immunoglobulins. AB - For accurate quantitation of human immunoglobulins A and B by graded hemagglutination inhibition, I have established standard curves. For IgA, plotting the inner diameter of the ring formed by sedimented erythrocytes vs the log of the antigen concentrations gives a straight line. Plotting the same parameters for IgG gives a hyperbolic line. These ratios between antigen concentration and ring diameter were constant for at least one year. Both undiluted and 10,000-fold diluted human serum may be quantitated by this method, depending only on immunoglobulin concentrations. Precision (CV) of the system, assessed in 35 patients' sera over the period of one year, ranged from 0.5 to 15.2% (mean 10%) for IgA and from 1.4 to 14.9% (mean 7.3%) for IgG. PMID- 7261316 TI - Method for determination of hydrogen peroxide, with its application illustrated by glucose assay. AB - We describe a simple colorimetric method for determining micromolar quantities of hydrogen peroxide, based on the oxidation of iodide in the presence of ammonium molybdate and photometry of the resulting blue starch-iodine complex. Color development is linearly dependent on analyte concentration, but only slightly time dependent, and the color of the complex formed is stable for several hours. In the range of wavelengths that may be used (570 to 630 nm), lack of interference from other biological compounds makes this method seem suitable for routine analyses. As one illustrative application of the method we quantitated glucose by measuring hydrogen peroxide produced from it by glucose oxidase catalysis. This method of quantitating glucose is more than five times as sensitive as the commonly used dianisidine method. With the appropriate hydrogen peroxide-producing oxidases, this method may be used to directly measure amino acids, purines, uric acid, xanthine, and hypoxanthine. PMID- 7261317 TI - Case report: changes in creatine kinase isoenzymes after myocardial infarction in a patient with prostatic carcinoma. AB - The detection of serum proteins that can serve as tumor markers has been reported with increased frequency in patients with various localized or metastatic cancers. Many of these reports have concerned patients with prostatic carcinoma, who had normal or increased concentrations of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) in serum. In many instances the creatine kinase BB isoenzyme was increased in these patients. I describe the case of a patient with carcinoma of the prostate (stage D), who had a myocardial infarction three to four days after admission. The serum activity of the MM, MB, and BB isoenzymes changed markedly after the infarction. These changes and the possible tissue source(s) of this isoenzyme are discussed in relationship to the clinical symptoms of the patient. PMID- 7261318 TI - Thyroxine thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7261319 TI - Polyethylene glycol and second antibody in radioimmunoassay of human choriogonadotropin. PMID- 7261320 TI - Manual ferrozine kit method for iron and total iron-binding capacity adapted and evaluated for use with discrete mechanized analyzers. PMID- 7261321 TI - Intercomparison of four precipitation methods and electrophoresis for high density lipoprotein cholesterol determination. PMID- 7261322 TI - Misleading results in cases of coexisting acetaminophen and salicylate overdose. PMID- 7261323 TI - Serum zinc as an index to myocardial infarction. PMID- 7261324 TI - Negligible halothane carryover in the IL 813 blood gas analyzer. PMID- 7261325 TI - Comparison of radioimmunoassay results in serum and plasma. PMID- 7261327 TI - Cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins quantified by agarose gel electrophoresis, cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and magnesium-sodium phosphotungstate precipitation. PMID- 7261326 TI - Erythrocyte protoporphyrin/heme ratio by hematofluorometry. PMID- 7261328 TI - Heel-stick blood samples are suitable for quantitation of serum IgM in neonates. PMID- 7261331 TI - Design and evaluation of statistical control procedures: applications of a computer "quality control simulator" program. AB - A computer simulation program has been developed to aid in designing and evaluating statistical control procedures. This "QC stimulator" (quality control) program permits the user to study the effects of different factors on the performance of quality-control procedures. These factors may be properties of the analytical procedure, characteristics of the instrument system, or conditions for the quality-control procedure. The performance of a control procedure is characterized by its probability for rejection, as estimated at several different magnitudes of random and systematic error. These performance characteristics are presented graphically by power functions-plots of the probability for rejection vs the size of the analytical errors. The utility of this stimulation tool is illustrated by application to multi-rule single-value procedures, mean and range procedures, and a trend analysis procedure. Careful choice of control rules is necessary to minimize false rejections and to optimize error detection with multi rule procedures. Control limits must be carefully calculated for optimum performance of mean and range procedures. The level of significance for testing control must be carefully selected for the trend analysis procedure. PMID- 7261330 TI - Relationships between immunogen structure and antisera specificity in the narcotic alkaloid series. AB - We report the production and comparative specificities of antisera raised to different immunogens containing codeine, morphine, and oxycodone. Antisera raised to bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates of codeine-6-hemisuccinate, ethylmorphine-6-hemisuccinate, or oxycodone-6-carboxymethyloxime had greatest recognition of structural changes around the piperidine ring nitrogen atom and th 14-position. N-carboxypropylnormorphine-BSA, N-carboxypropylnorcodeine-BSA, and norcodeine-BSA (directly coupled) conjugates elicited antisera that recognized structural changes at the 3- and 6-positions best, but also clearly discerned changes in the 14-substituent. Attachment of codeine to BSA via the 8-position gave a conjugate that elicited antisera with specificity characteristics similar to those of the antiserum to N-carboxypropylnorcodeine-BSA. Thus clear relationships existed between immunogen structure and antiserum specificity. The utility of these antisera was illustrated by the application of antiserum to codeine-6-hemisuccinate-BSA and solvent extraction to a study of codeine disposition in the dog. The specific antisera of N-carboxypropylnormorphine-BSA and to norcodeine-BSA were applied directly to an examination of the distribution of codeine and metabolically produced morphine in the milk and plasma of a nursing mother. PMID- 7261329 TI - Adaptation of Prostatic-Group-Label Homogeneous Immunoassay to reagent-strip format. AB - The Prostatic-Group-Label Immunoassay (PGLIA) technique has been incorporated into a reagent-strip format. We report use of flavin N6-(N'-2,4-dinitrophenyl-6 aminohexyl)adenine dinucleotide (DNP-FAD) as the prosthetic group derivative and 6-N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)aminohexanoic acid (DNP-caproate) as the competing ligand. DNP-FAD not bound by antibody combines with glucose oxidase apoenzyme, which then reacts with glucose and oxygen, and gives color through a peroxidase-linked system. The rate of color generation is thus a function of the DNP-caproate concentration. PGLIA reagent strips are prepared by sequential impregnations of filter paper with an acetone solution of indicator (3,3',5,5' tetramethylbenzidine); an aqueous solution containing glucose oxidase apoenzyme, the rest of the color generation system, stabilizers, and antibody to DNP; and a solution of DNP-FAD in n-propanol. This preparation permits effective antibody binding, and prevents premature interaction of immunoassay components. A quantitative color response to concentrations of DNP-caproate in the range of 1 to 8 mumol/L was demonstrated with these reagent strips. Prototype PGLIA reagent strips for theophylline and phenytoin have been successfully developed by substituting the appropriate FAD derivative and antibody for the corresponding reagents in the DNP model system. PMID- 7261332 TI - Use of a flow-injection sample manipulator as an interface between a "high performance" liquid chromatograph and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. AB - We describe an integrated, molecular-absorbance, atomic absorption instrument for studying metal/ligand binding in clinical samples. For an interface between the "high-performance" liquid chromatograph and the atomic absorption instrument we used a flow-injection sample manipulator, thus allowing both the chromatograph and the atomic absorption detector to operate at their separate optimum conditions. After specimen separation with a gel permeation column, we measured the molecular components of the column eluate by molecular absorbance spectrometry and the atomic components (calcium and magnesium) by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. This instrument system is capable of separating and analyzing multiple components within 20 min of injection of the sample on the column. The chromatograms presented demonstrate the utility of the system for investigating metal binding to a variety of ligands in clinical samples. PMID- 7261333 TI - Free-zone electrophoresis in glass capillaries. AB - A simple theory of zone electrophoresis in open-tubular capillaries is developed. According to this theory, to achieve the highest resolution of zones, tubes with as small an inside diameter as possible should be used in combination with as high an applied voltage as feasible. To test this approach, we performed electrophoresis in glass capillaries with an internal diameter of 75 micron and a length of 100 cm. A special fluorescence detector was used to detect fluorescent zones while they migrated inside the capillary. With the application of 30 kV potentials to this system, rapid and efficient separations of amino acids, peptides, and urinary amines were demonstrated. In all cases fluorescent derivatives were necessary for detection. Preliminary results are encouraging, and with further development of sensitive detection devices, applications in clinical analyses may be feasible. PMID- 7261334 TI - Use of receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate the clinical performance of analytical systems. AB - The usefulness of an analytical system in patient care is ultimately judged not by its analytical performance but by its clinical performance, i.e., its ability to separate apparently similar patients into two subgroups, one of which has a particular clinically important condition and another subgroup which does not. This clinical performance can be studied with the tools of signal detectability theory, originally developed to analyze the performance of radar and data transmission systems. Each classification made by an analytical system may be categorized as a true-positive, true-negative, false-positive, or false-negative decision. For laboratory tests the proportion of decisions in each category depends on the biological overlap between the two subgroups, the analytical performance of the system, and the decision level chosen. The clinical performance of the analytical system for all possible decision levels is represented by the receiver operating characteristic curve, which plots the true positive rate against the false-positive rate. The use of these curves permits comparison of alternative analytical techniques at equal true-positive rates and at all possible decision levels. These comparisons show the effect of analytical improvements on clinical performance. PMID- 7261335 TI - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay. iii. an automated system for therapeutic drug determination. AB - A fully automated system for performing fluorescence polarization immunoassay has been developed. Reagents for each assay are contained in coded reagent packs, and no reagent reconstitution is required. A common buffer is used for all assays, minimizing changeover and set-up times for each assay. A single sample may be assayed in 5 min, or 20 samples in 10 min. A single-tube blank subtraction for each sample results in highly precise polarization values and obviates sample interferences. We have used this method for assays of gentamicin, theophylline, phenytoin, and phenobarbital. CVs are 1-4%, and the results correlate well with those by other methods. Because of the instrument design and the stability of the reagents, daily calibration is not required; samples may therefore be run immediately upon receipt or batched as desired. PMID- 7261336 TI - Automated in-line ratio-correcting filter fluorometer. AB - We have developed a novel optical arrangement for the Abbott VP bichromatic analyzer, converting it into a fluorometer upon insertion of a specially designed filter carriage. Fluorescence intensity is measured by using straight-through excitation geometry and is corrected for fluctuations in light-source intensity by using the attenuated transmitted beam through the solution as a reference. The modification allows switching from the absorbance to fluorescence mode without an auxiliary light source or a major hardware change. The detection limit for an experimental prototype was estimated as 192 pmol of fluorescein per liter. In an application to a fluorescence immunoassay for theophylline in patients' sera, the data (y) correlated well with results by an enzyme immunoassay procedure (EMIT), giving a correlation equation of y = 1.849 + 0.988x (r = 0.969). A fluorometric standard curve for glucose and some performance data are also presented. PMID- 7261337 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies for quantitative analysis of antigens in normal and neoplastic tissues. AB - We describe two methods of analyzing tissues for cell-surface antigens identified by monoclonal antibodies. The first method is a binding assay, in which a membrane fraction prepared by differential centrifugation of a tissue homogenate is incubated with 125I-labeled antibody. The specificity of the observed binding is established by competition with unlabeled antibody. The second method, double determinant immunoassay, involves two monoclonal antibodies that recognize two distinct epitopes of the antigen molecule. An immunoabsorbent prepared from one of the antibodies is incubated with a detergent lysate of the tissue. The immunoabsorbent is then washed and incubated with the 125I-labeled second antibody. In both assays the amount of radiolabeled antibody bound is proportional to the amount of antigen in the test sample, and the limit of detection is approximately 10 pg of antibody, corresponding to less than 1 fmol of antigen. PMID- 7261338 TI - Direct immunological determination of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes. AB - We examined the suitability of a rapid immunological technique to determine the amount of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) isoenzymes in human serum or tissue extracts. Purified isoenzymes were absorbed as a monolayer to the surface of an indium metal film on glass. The enzyme retains immunological reactivity, allowing the specific binding of aspartate aminotransferase antibodies at the surface. The amount of isoenzyme in a specimen is estimated from the competition for the antibody between the free isoenzyme in the specimen and that at the surface. The surface is further incubated with goat antibodies to rabbit IgG, and the extent of antibody binding is determined by densitometry. There is no cross reactivity between the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms, so these two isoenzymes can be determined simultaneously. The minimum detectable concentration by this technique is about 50 micrograms of enzyme protein per liter. The within day coefficient of variation for determination of either isoenzyme was about 20%. Our results suggest that normal and patients' sera contain considerably more immunologically active than catalytically active isoenzymes. PMID- 7261339 TI - Homogeneous fluorescent immunoassay with dry reagents. AB - We described an assay for theophylline in serum in which the reagents for the substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay procedure are dry reagents in a paper matrix. This assay format is both rapid and convenient. In one such paper strip assay, the competing drug conjugate is present in the diluting buffer (dilution into-conjugate strip assay); in another, all necessary assay reagents are contained on the strip (integral strip assay). The latter strip can be prepared by using appropriate solvents in a "two-dip" procedure, which prevents premature reaction of the assay constituents. The dilution-into-conjugates strip assays yield results that compare well with those by the corresponding solution assay (r = 0.975, standard error of estimate = 1.67 mg/L) and by "high-performance" liquid chromatography (r = 0.980, standard error of estimate = 1.49 mg/L). The integral strip results were compared with those by an enzyme immunoassay for theophylline (r = 0.990, standard error of estimate = 2.07 mg/L). Both strip assays require only a single dilution step before analysis. PMID- 7261340 TI - Rapid automated detection of hepatitis B surface antigen with the Centria automated radioimmunoassay system. PMID- 7261341 TI - The unidentified fluorescent substance(s) in serum of patients with chronic renal failure: correlation with serum creatinine. PMID- 7261342 TI - More on calibration of the SMAC. PMID- 7261343 TI - Novel chromogen for serum iron determinations. PMID- 7261344 TI - Evaluation of the Roche modified CPK-CS kit. PMID- 7261345 TI - Evaluation of routine ionized calcium determination in cancer patients. PMID- 7261346 TI - Salicylate mimicking an abnormal CK-isoenzyme. PMID- 7261347 TI - Is the method you use for lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme determination accurate? PMID- 7261348 TI - Low serum creatine kinase values in contraceptive steroid users. PMID- 7261349 TI - Glucose estimated with a Beckman Glucose Analyzer 2 in spots of capillary blood on filter paper. PMID- 7261350 TI - Hemalog 8 hematocrit with a correction for leukocytes. PMID- 7261351 TI - A new technique of vaginal colpopexy. AB - The correction of a total or partial vaginal prolapse after hysterectomy is often difficult to perform, particularly when the possibility of sexual intercourse must be preserved. A method of vaginal retropubic colpopexy is proposed. In addition to preserving the vaginal functionality, it can be performed for preventive purposes during hysterectomy for uterine prolapse or conspicuous cystorectocele and finally, it corrects the topographic modification of the bladder and of the urethra. This method has had excellent results on 18 patients and relapse has not occurred after two or three years. PMID- 7261352 TI - The causes of antepartum fetal death: a clinico-pathological study. AB - Forty cases of antepartum fetal death occurring among 6668 deliveries at the Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Vienna between 1976 and 1979 were evaluated. The fetal death rate was 6 per 1000 births. In 32 cases (80%) a diagnosis identifying the disorder, that initiated the cause of fetal death, could be established. The remaining 20% did not have a demonstrable diagnosis. The most frequent cause of death in this series was in 40% severe toxemia of pregnancy causing a chronic nutritive placental insufficiency. Histologically in such cases regressive changes of the placenta, such as microinfarcts, necrosis and deposition of intervillous fibrin were found. Rarer causes, also associated with intrauterine asphyxia were 2 cases each of placenta praevia (5%), and abruption placentae (5%), one cord accident (2.5%) and one case of postmaturity (2.5%). The second most important etiological factor was in 12.5% the ascending intrauterine infection prior or after the premature rupture of the fetal membranes. Bacteriologically the most common organisms isolated were E. coli, enterococci and anaerobic bacteria. One fetal death was due to rhesus incompatibility, and in one case both twins died in utero (2.5%). Our results suggest, than an early diagnosis and a successful treatment of placental insufficiency would permit a further reduction of the perinatal mortality rate. In conclusion the absolute necessity of the performance of all available diagnostic means in order to prevent recurrence of a stillbirth is emphasized. PMID- 7261353 TI - Lipomatous tumours of uterus fallopian tube and ovary. PMID- 7261354 TI - Dopamine treatment for prevention of renal failure in patients with severe eclampsia. AB - Nine cases with severe convulsive eclampsia, undergoing intensive care, are reported. The main problem besides sedation and anti-hypertensive therapy was to bring about diuresis. Dopamin was administered in all cases, as in particularly severe cases the application of Furosemide and osmodiuretics does not succeed in the reestablishment of diuresis. The diluted drug was administered by means of a central venous catheter in a dosage of 3 microgram/kg body weight/min. Diuresis was achieved in all patients after few hours and the values of creatinin, rest nitrogen and creatinin-clearance restored to normal. Also the consumption coagulopathy, due to the primarily restricted function of the kidneys, which was accompanied in the most cases by low platelet and high fibrinogen values, was controlled by the mentioned therapeutic procedure. The positive therapeutic effect of Dopamin is explained by the stimulation of the postulated specific renal dopamin receptors. The discussed antagonism between Dopamin and Angiotensin could be the cause of the vascular dilatation. Thus, Dopamin has a possibly causal significance in the treatment of oligoanuric eclamptic patients. PMID- 7261355 TI - Diagnostic significance of the carcino-embryonal antigen in gynecologic neoplasia. AB - The carcino-embryonal antigen has been studied in 35 patients affected by malignant gynaecologic neoplasia (cervical, endometrial, vulval) and, for control, in 16 patients affected by small tumors of the genital area. In other 9 patients the day to day variability has been studied. Two determinants, before and after therapy were performed on every patient, and in many cases afterwards. The analysis of the results show the scarce reliability of the episodic C.E.A. determination of the plasma. The use of this parameter in the follow-up of malignant neoplasias gynaecologic can only be reserved in cases with high basic values and in which the therapy reduces the plasmic level significantly. PMID- 7261356 TI - Assessment of left ventricular function. PMID- 7261357 TI - Anesthesia and the heart patient. An international symposium, May 30-June 1, 1980, Cleveland, Ohio [proceedings]. PMID- 7261358 TI - Blood conservation in open heart surgery. PMID- 7261359 TI - Myocardial preservation. PMID- 7261360 TI - Endocrine changes during anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7261361 TI - Hypertensive episodes during and after open heart surgery. PMID- 7261362 TI - Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 7261363 TI - Anesthesia for aortic operations. PMID- 7261364 TI - Hemodynamic effects of muscle relaxants. PMID- 7261365 TI - Anesthesia for complex congenital anomalies. Profound hypothermia. PMID- 7261366 TI - Evaluation and surgical management of patients with severe combined coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular atherosclerosis. PMID- 7261367 TI - Peripheral vasodilators in open heart surgery. PMID- 7261368 TI - Use of inotropic agents in open heart surgery. PMID- 7261369 TI - Mechanical support of the circulation. PMID- 7261370 TI - Pharmacologic and mechanical support of the circulation. PMID- 7261371 TI - Pacemakers during open heart surgery. PMID- 7261372 TI - Care of the cardiac patient after noncardiac surgery. PMID- 7261373 TI - Fluid and electrolyte management following open heart surgery. PMID- 7261375 TI - Acute renal failure in cardiac surgical patients. PMID- 7261374 TI - Neurologic complications of open heart surgery. Computer-assisted analysis of 531 patients. PMID- 7261376 TI - Role of computers in postoperative care. PMID- 7261377 TI - Postoperative respiratory care. PMID- 7261378 TI - Hemodynamic effects of narcotics. PMID- 7261379 TI - Prolonged mechanical ventilation after open heart surgery. PMID- 7261380 TI - Effect of heart disease on the pulmonary circulation. PMID- 7261381 TI - Monitoring the systemic circulation. PMID- 7261382 TI - Monitoring arrhythmias and signs of intraoperative ischemia by electrocardiogram. PMID- 7261383 TI - Noninvasive monitoring in the patient with heart disease. PMID- 7261384 TI - Cerebral function monitor during open heart surgery. PMID- 7261385 TI - Risk of anesthesia in patients with heart disease. PMID- 7261386 TI - Anesthesia in the heart patient for noncardiac surgery. PMID- 7261388 TI - Anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7261387 TI - Anesthesia for the hypertensive patient. PMID- 7261389 TI - Local and regional anesthetic techniques for the patient with ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7261390 TI - Evolution of anesthesia for cardiac surgery. PMID- 7261391 TI - Cardiac angiography and the progress of heart surgery. PMID- 7261392 TI - A surgeon's view of risk in coronary artery surgery. PMID- 7261393 TI - Hemodynamic effects of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. PMID- 7261394 TI - Anesthesia and heart reoperations. PMID- 7261395 TI - Extracorporeal partial bypass with the use of fluorocarbon liquid-membrane oxygenator. PMID- 7261396 TI - Urinary excretion levels of unconjugated pterins in cancer patients and normal individuals. AB - Urinary excretion levels of seven unconjugated pterins in healthy individuals and in cancer patients, most of whom were undergoing chemotherapy, were measured utilizing a newly developed high-pressure liquid chromatographic system. Excretion of pterins in the control group appears to be under strict metabolic control as the values obtained were confined within a small range. When the mean excretion levels in control subjects were compared with those in cancer patients, we found a significant increase in the excretion of xanthopterin, neopterin and pterin and a significant decrease in isoxanthopterin by cancer patients. Biopterin levels, on the other hand, were found only slightly but not significantly increased, whereas pterin-6-carboxylic acid and 6 hydroxymethylpterin were found to be excreted in approximately equal amounts in both groups. Urinary excretion levels of pterins were monitored for a period of nine months in a patient being treated with chemotherapy for metastatic ovarian carcinomatosis. We found that the excretion pattern of pterins appeared to correlate with the clinical status of the patient. These results indicate that a definite imbalance in pterin, and possibly folate metabolism, is associated with the presence of malignant diseases. PMID- 7261397 TI - Reduction of hyperornithinemia with a low protein, low arginine diet and pyridoxine in patients with a deficiency of ornithine-ketoacid transaminase (OKT) activity and gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. AB - Five patients with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina showed a 60% of greater decline in plasma ornithine levels during a five week trial of a low protein (10--15 g/day), low arginine (0.50--0.75 g/day) diet supplemented with essential amino acids and pyridoxine administration. These declines in plasma ornithine levels were seen in Patients 1--4 with the pyridoxine non-responsive variant and in Patient 5 with the pyridoxine responsive variant. No harmful systemic side effects were noted. Patients 1--4 continued on a modified low protein (20--35 g/day), low arginine (1.25--1.75 g/day) diet as tolerated and Patient 5 on pyridoxine alone. After one year no improvement was observed in visual acuities, visual fields, final dark adapted thresholds and full field electroretinograms for four patients. In contrast to the other four patients, Patient 3, with relatively poor control of plasma ornithine levels, showed signs of progression of the chorioretinal atrophy and further reduction of electroretinographic responses. Patients 1--4 continue on the dietary regimen and Patient 5 on pyridoxine alone to determine whether any lowering of plasma ornithine levels will modify the course of their ocular disease. PMID- 7261398 TI - The rapid determination of erythrocyte porphyrins using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. AB - The extraction, separation and quantification of free acid erythrocyte porphyrins are described. The porphyrins are extracted from whole blood using 3:1 ethyl acetate/acetic acid (v/v) and separated using the reversed-phase mode of high performance liquid chromatography (RPLC). The compounds are detected on-line spectrofluorometrically using an excitation wavelength of 404 nm and an emission cut-off filter of 550 nm. Excellent resolution of the porphyrin free acids is achieved in less than 6 min. The analytical recoveries for protoporphyrin IX and zinc protoporphyrin IX were greater than 90% with relative standard deviations for day-to-day analysis under 6%. PMID- 7261399 TI - Accurate measurement of stable isotopes 46Ca and 48Ca in human feces, plasma, and urine in relation to human nutrition of calcium. AB - A method based on Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis (RNAA) is described which allows simultaneous measurement of two stable isotopes of calcium, 46Ca and 48Ca, in human feces, plasma, and urine for the purpose of studying human nutrition and metabolism of calcium. It is shown that these measurements can be made with relative analytical precision of 1--5% depending on the particulars of a given experiment. The method has been applied in humans and data are given showing that kinetics of plasma appearance of 46 Ca administered orally with food can be readily investigated. This method allows investigation of a number of important nutritional and metabolic issues in all human population groups without regard to radioisotope safety considerations, and should prove especially helpful in relation to studies of calcium bioavailability from different foods in a variety of population groups for whom use of radiocalcium is not warranted. PMID- 7261401 TI - Quantification of albumin in urine by a new method: zone immuno-electrophoresis assay (ZIA). AB - Albumin in urine was determined by a new procedure called zone immunoelectrophoresis assay. A special apparatus was used with 20 vertical glass tubes (diameter 2 mm) which were filled up to 2 cm below their upper orifices with agarose gel containing antibodies against albumin. The samples were pipetted on top of each gel. Albumin was transported by electrophoresis into the agarose gels, in which zones of immunoprecipitates were formed. The amount of albumin in a sample was directly proportional to the distance from the gel surface to the front of the zone. The coefficient of variation was 8.8% within-day and 9.6% between days. The recovery of albumin added to urines was about 101%. The normal range for 40 adult persons was 2--23 mg/l with a mean and a median of 9.9 and 9.5 mg/l, respectively. The detection limit was well below the lowest value. The method was simple to use and the antiserum needed was only 0.5 microliter per test. PMID- 7261400 TI - Matrix effects in clinical analysis: commutability of control materials between the Ektachem, Beckman and SMA 12/60 glucose and urea methods. AB - The effects of the protein matrices of selected human and animal based control materials on the Ektachem, Beckman and SMA 12/60 glucose and urea methods have been investigated by means of commutability studies. The commutability of control materials between the Ektachem and SMA 12/60 was greater than that between the Ektachem and Beckman methods and was similar to that reported for conventional methods. No trends were apparent amongst control sera from different species nor with different total protein levels. Some variation in commutability was found with different batches of Ektachem glucose and urea slides. In addition the effect of lyophilisation of fresh human serum on its analytical behaviour with different experimental batches of Ektachem glucose/urea slides was studied and found to be negligible. PMID- 7261402 TI - Possible errors in sampling percutaneous liver biopsies for determination of trace element status: application to patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7261403 TI - Comparative analysis of fecal content of medium and long chain triglycerides using two methods. AB - Accurate assessment of apparent total fat absorption in individuals receiving medium chain triglycerides (MCT) as the predominant source of dietary fat depends upon the method used for fecal fat analysis. Erroneous conclusions may be drawn if the method does not give quantitative recovery of MCT. A simple, previously described, gravimetric technique is shown in this paper to give comparable MCT recoveries to another somewhat more arduous method. PMID- 7261404 TI - How many creatine kinase "isoenzymes" are there and what is their clinical significance? PMID- 7261405 TI - Radioimmunoassay of inactive creatine kinase B protein in human plasma. AB - We describe a rapid, sensitive radioimmunoassay for enzymatically inactive creatine kinase B protein (CK-Bi) in plasma. 125I-CK-Bi of high specific activity and good stability was prepared by oxidant-based iodination. A 12 minute first antibody incubation was used. Bound and free antigen were separated by a second antibody system. Large excesses of purified CK-MM from human skeletal muscle did not react in the assay. Cross reactivity to CK-MB purified from the plasma of patients with acute myocardial infarction was negligible. The 95th percentile of plasma CK-Bi in 150 adults was 145 microgram equivalents/ml. Within-assay and between-assay precision ranged from 5% to 9% and 6% to 10%, respectively. Evidence is presented indicating that the assay measures inactive creatine kinase B protein, a protein not measured by current assay systems dependent on biological activity. PMID- 7261406 TI - Studies on the change of electrophoretic mobility and the decay of catalytic activity of brain-type creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-BB) following incubation at 37 degrees C. AB - Incubation of CK-BB in serum (1:3, v/v) at 37 degrees C for 3 h caused a change of its electrophoretic mobility and decay of its catalytic activity. Similar effects were observed following incubation in water. Incubation in saline somehow preserved the electrophoretic mobility but not the catalytic activity. No effect was noted when incubated at 4 degrees C for 3 h. Further study on the rate of decay revealed that the decay in albumin solution (1:50, v/v) is quite similar to that in serum. More dramatic decay was noted when incubated in water and less when incubated in saline. It was further shown that the higher the incubation temperature (4 degrees C, 25 degrees C or 37 degrees C) the faster the decay. The rate of decay of CK-MM was much slower in all conditions of incubation. Determination of isoenzyme activities by means of an immunoprecipitation method again demonstrated that CK-BB lost a great deal of its catalytic activity following incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 h, and hence falsification of the isoenzyme pattern. PMID- 7261407 TI - Serum pseudocholinesterase: high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as an index of risk for cardiovascular disease. AB - A significant increase in the ratio of serum pseudocholinesterase/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (the Complementary Risk Factor ratio) was found in individuals classified as high risk for cardiovascular disease on the basis of the ratio of total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (the Established Risk Factor ratio) compared to the individuals with average and low risks. This Complementary Risk Factor ratio also showed good correlation with serum low density lipoprotein, triglycerides and the Established Risk Factor ratio. These results indicate that serum cholinesterase has a parallel relationship with low density lipoproteins and a reciprocal relationship with high density lipoproteins. We propose that the Complementary Risk Factor ratio may be an additional marker in predicting the risks for cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7261409 TI - Arginase activity in human fibroblast cultures. AB - Controversial results have been published as to the presence of arginase activity in human skin fibroblasts in normal cells and in argininemia. Experiments were undertaken to see if arginase is intrinsic to the fibroblasts or may be there as the result of exogenous contamination inherent to the mode of cell culturing. The mode of harvesting by scraping or trypsin treatment demonstrated similar arginase activity. No significant differences of arginase activity were found between the fibroblasts grown on fetal calf or human serum. In the conditioned serum-free medium arginase separated on DEAE-cellulose into an A1 and A4 form. These fractions are identical with those found in the cells. Arginase activity varies, however, with age of the fibroblasts. These observations are also valid for fibroblasts from a case of argininemia. Arginase activity is therefore intrinsic to diploid human fibroblasts. PMID- 7261408 TI - Hypoxanthine production by ischemic heart demonstrated by high pressure liquid chromatography of blood purine nucleosides and oxypurines. AB - An isocratic high pressure liquid chromatographic system was developed for the estimation of purine nucleosides and oxypurines in blood. Use was made of a reversed-phase column. Nucleotides derived from erythrocytes affected the separation; these compounds were removed with A12O3. The recovery of the whole clean-up procedure exceeded 75%, and the lower detection limit of the assay for blood metabolites was 0.1 mumol/l. In 6 healthy volunteers, non-resting, the following blood concentrations (mean values +/- S.D. in mumol/l) were observed: adenosine (less than 0.1), inosine (0.2 +/- 0.1), hypoxanthine (2.2 +/- 1.3) and xanthine (0.2 +/- 0.1). In plasma and serum the total amount of these compounds was 1.9 and 5.4 times higher, respectively, presumably due to nucleotide breakdown during blood processing. The myocardial arterial-venous differences of blood purine nucleosides, oxypurines and lactate were subsequently measured in blood samples from 13 patients with angiographically documented ischemic heart disease, undergoing an atrial pacing stress test. No significant release of adenosine, inosine and xanthine by the heart was detectable in this study. The myocardial arterial-venous difference of lactate changed from 0.01 +/- 0.03 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM) at rest, to -0.10 +/- 0.04 mmol/l during pacing (p less than 0.002). Relatively larger changes were observed for hypoxanthine: pacing increased the arterial-venous difference from -0.01 +/- 0.05 to -0.51 +/- 0.17 mumol/l (p less than 0.02). We conclude that the high pressure liquid chromatographic assay of blood hypoxanthine is a useful tool in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7261410 TI - Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and thiobarbituric acid-reactive compounds in erythrocytes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - The activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were normal compared with healthy male controls, as were the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive compounds produced during incubation of erythrocytes in the presence of 10 mmol.1-1 hydrogen peroxide. These results suggest that the chief mechanisms for protecting the erythrocyte membrane from peroxidative damage are unimpaired and do not support the idea that the reported erythrocyte abnormalities in this disease result from increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7261411 TI - Serum levels of T4, T3, reverse T3, 3,3'-diiodothyronine and 3',5' diiodothyronine in obesity, before and after jejuno-ileal bypass. AB - Serum T4, 3,5,3'triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3), 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2), 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'-T2) and thyrotrophin (TSH) levels were studied in nineteen obese patients before and 6, 12, and 18, months after a jejuno-ileal bypass. Before surgery, the obese patients had increased serum T3 levels compared with a group of lean, matched controls (median: 1.94 nmol/l v. 1.44 nmol/l, P less than 0.01). Serum T3 decreased to normal (1.64 nmol/l) 18 months after surgery. A slight decrease was also observed in serum 3,3'-T2 levels, whereas progressive reductions in serum concentrations of rT3 and 3',5'T2 occurred. Eighteen months postoperatively the serum levels of rT3 and 3',5'-T2 had decreased from 0.676 nmol/l to 0.430 nmol/l (P less than 0.02) and 55.2 pmol/l to 40.0 pmol/l (P less than 0.01), respectively, and the values at 18 months were also reduced compared with the control group [0.722 nmol rT3/1 (P less than 0.01), 51.4 pmol 3',5'-T2/1 (P less than 0.01)]. concomitant with the decrease in serum level of the iodothyronines, serum TSH concentrations increased from 0 Micro U/ml to 0.9 microu/ml (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7261412 TI - Familial hypercholesterolaemia and primary hypothyroidism: coexistence of both disorders in a young woman with severe hypercholesterolaemia. AB - Severe hypercholesterolaemia in a 7-year-old girl was found to be due to the coexistence of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis with primary hypothyroidism. Her cultured skin fibroblasts showed a 70-75% reduction in the binding, internalization and degradation of 125I-labelled low density lipoprotein and several other family members were hypercholesterolaemic. Replacement therapy with L-thyroxine reduced the concentrations of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein B in the patient's plasma to values similar to those in other sibs with only heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Severe hypercholesterolaemia attributable to coexistent heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and hypothyroidism in teenage girls may be estimated to occur with a frequency of between 1 and 500 000 and 1 in 10(6). This value is similar to the gene frequency for homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. PMID- 7261413 TI - A radioimmunoassay for neurotensin. AB - A specific radioimmunoassay for neurotensin has been developed with a sensitivity of 40 pg/ml. Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in human plasma shows characteristics similar to synthetic neurotensin on Sephadex G-25 (f) gel chromatography. PMID- 7261414 TI - Endocrine function in thalassaemia. AB - Twenty-one Thai patients with beta-thalassemia/haemoglobin E and haemoglobin H diseases, 8-20-years-old, were studied. These patients had receive none or minimal blood transfusion. The important clinical endocrine abnormalities were growth retardation and sexual immaturity. GH secretion was found to be impaired in the majority of patients. Oral GTT showed chemical diabetes in one out of sixteen tests, a much lower incidence than in thalassaemic patients treated by hypertransfusion in the West. The mean insulin levels basally and after glucose loading were lower than those of the normal controls. Thyroid function was normal in all of the patients. Serum cortisol and 24-h urinary oxogenic steroids 917 OGS) levels were normal, as was adrenal cortical reserve in all the patients. The literature on endocrine function in in thalassaemia is reviewed. PMID- 7261415 TI - The effects of mild iodine deficiency on neonatal thyroid function. AB - In order to assess neonatal thyroid function in the endemic goitre areas of Greece, T4 and TSH have been measured. Previous studies had shown that in these endemic areas, adults had low T4 but normal TSH values, probably because of an increase in the serum T3 level. In this study, T4 and TSH were measured in dried blood spots from 259 neonates. The fifty-four full-term neonates from the Greek endemic villages had a lower T4 value (8.8 +/- 0.66 micrograms/dl SE) but a higher TSH (15.37 +/- 1.12 mu/l) than the seventy-three full-term neonates from the non-endemic villages (T4:10.0 +/- 0.33 micrograms/dl, TSH:11.93 +/- 0.59 mu/l) or the ninety-eight from Athens (T4:10.0 +/- 0.33 micrograms/dl, TSH:10.96 +/- 0.64 mu/l). Premature neonates, both from Athens and from the endemic areas, have significantly lower T4 and significantly lower TSH values than the full-term ones from the same areas, probably because of the immaturity of the pituitary thyroidal axis. It is concluded from these observations that (a) Neonates suffer more from the consequences of iodine deficiency than adults. The biochemical hypothyroidism reported here may be relevant to the delayed skeletal maturation previously reported from children of these same areas. This emphasizes the need for correcting even moderate iodine deficiency. (b) The occurrence of non-toxic goitre with normal TSH levels in adults is best explained by assuming that increased TSH stimulation is necessary for goitre formation during neonatal life, but not for goitre maintainance during adulthood. (c) Newborn screening programmes in these areas should take into account the present findings. PMID- 7261416 TI - Pituitary function in prolactinoma. Effect of surgery and postoperative bromocriptine therapy. AB - Forty-five women and fifteen men with prolactinomas have been treated surgically. Patients with large tumours received pituitary irradiation and postoperative hyperprolactinaemia was treated with bromocriptine. The patients have been followed-up for 6-36 months following the operation. The tumours were larger and the levels of production higher in men as compared with women. All women had amenorrhoea. Galactorrhoea was present in forty-three women but not in the men. After surgery serum prolactin levels fell significantly in all women but remained above normal in thirty-six; prolactin remained high in twelve men. Bromocriptine effectively decreased the postoperative hyperprolactinaemia. The surgical complications were oculomotor nerve paresis in one woman and one man. After surgery six (23%) women developed impaired GH secretion, six (15%) impaired thyroid function, eight (18%) impaired cortisol secretion and five (17%) impaired LH secretion in isolation or combination which had not been present preoperatively. Three patients relapsed. Fifteen women menstruated after surgery and ten began to do so during the subsequent bromocriptine treatment. Thus, menstruation was restored in all six women with microadenomas in sixteen of twenty patients with intrasellar macroadenomas and three of nineteen patients with suprasellar adenomas. The preoperative LH-reserve proved to be an important prognostic indicator. Nine patients, i.e. 50% of patients desiring fertility became pregnant. In the men gonadal function deteriorated in four patients and did not improve in any without testosterone treatment. PMID- 7261417 TI - Serum levels of prolactin and milk production in women during a lactation period of thirty months. AB - Serum prolactin was measured in single blood samples collected from 219 nursing mothers of the Kivu region (Zaire) during 30 post-partum months. In addition the number of feeding episodes per day and the amount of milk given to the child in 24 h were recorded. The mean serum prolactin levels remained around 1000 mu/l during the first 15 months of lactation and fell during the next 3 months to 550 mu/l. A decline in milk production per day occurred during the second year, but it was less marked than that of prolactin. This decline seemed to be associated with the decline in suckling frequency as the quantity of milk given per feed remained almost unchanged throughout lactation. The average amount of milk given by mothers with serum prolactin levels in the range of values seen in non lactating and non-pregnant women (about 500 mu/l) is nevertheless of some 35 g per feeding or 260 g per day. These results demonstrate that milk production can be maintained in women with normal levels of prolactin and suggest that prolactin plays a permissive role in established lactation. PMID- 7261418 TI - Suppression by bromocriptine of the serum lactalbumin peak associated with human lactogenesis. AB - The endocrine environment necessary for human lactation has not yet been clearly defined. In particular the role of prolactin is uncertain, since levels of this hormone usually fall to the normal non-lactating range during the course of prolonged lactation. We have found that the immediate post-partum peak of serum lactalbumin associated with lactogenesis was abolished by treatment with bromocriptine. This suggests a direct relationship between prolactin and lactalbumin production at this time. PMID- 7261419 TI - Thyroid hormones in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Thyroid hormones were serially measured over a 2-week period in thirty-four consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A transient increase in plasma rT3 and a decrease in plasma T3 was found, with the maximum changes occurring on the third day after the onset of AMI. The changes in plasma rT3 and T3 were greater in the seventeen patients with a complicated AMI (mean peak SGOT 145 mu/l) than in the seventeen patients with an uncomplicated AMI (mean peak SGOT 79 mu/l). A correlation was found between infarct size (as estimated by the peak SGOT value) and the following indices: delta r T3, delta T3, highest rT3/t3 and highest rT3/T4 ratios. A transient increase in plasma TSH (peak on days 4 and 5) and in plasma T4 and FT4 index (peak on days 6 and 7) was also observed, whereas T3 resin uptake (T3U) decreased. These findings suggest that the following sequence of events occurs in thyroid hormone metabolism during AMI: (1) inhibition of the 5'-deiodination of T4, resulting in increased plasma rT3 and decreased plasma T3 values, and in a lower metabolic clearance of T4. (2) Increased secretion of TSH (provoked by the lower T3 levels) resulting in increased thyroidal secretion of T4 and T3, which is then switched off by the negative feedback of thyroid hormones on the pituitary. PMID- 7261420 TI - Prolactin pulsatility in patients with gonadal dysfunction. AB - Serum prolactin concentrations have been measured at 15 min intervals for 2 h on 240 occasions in 227 patients with symptoms which could have been due to hyperprolactinaemic gonadal dysfunction. Of the 227, 138 had at least one elevated random prolactin level. Overall, 22% showed no significant fluctuation in prolactin. In 38% the levels fell progressively from the start of the sampling period, this pattern being found most commonly in patients complaining of infertility. The sampling method yielded a basal or unstressed prolactin concentration which was, on average, 27% lower than random prolactin concentrations. However, a comparison with clinical data, the radiological appearances of the pituitary fossa, and the response to bromocriptine therapy, has shown that there is no predictive information in the multiple sampling results that could not have been obtained from two or three random prolactin levels. PMID- 7261421 TI - Addison's disease presenting as a hypercalcemic crisis in a patient with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. AB - A patient with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism complicated by Addison's disease is described. The development of adrenal insufficiency was accompanied by a hypercalcaemic crisis. The hypercalcaemia appeared to result from a reduction in the filtered load and enhanced renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Cortisone therapy was followed by the characteristic renal tubular leak of calcium associated with hypoparathyroidism and a return of the serum calcium to normal. The possible mechanisms for these changes in calcium homeostasis are discussed. PMID- 7261422 TI - [Basic and clinical studies on human calcitonin RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261423 TI - [The evaluation of the screening kit for cretinism "Daiichi" for TSH assay using filter paper blood samples (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261424 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of serum triiodothyronine (T3) by SPAC T3 RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261425 TI - [Measurement of free thyroxine in serum with radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261426 TI - [RIA of serum secretin in gastrointestinal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261427 TI - [Mechanism of hormonal activation of adenylate cyclase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261428 TI - [Modulators of functions of steroid receptor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261429 TI - [Regulation of receptors for estrogen and progesterone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261430 TI - [Measurement of plasma aldosterone concentration using 125I-aldosterone and antibody-coated tube method, and age-related changes of plasma aldosterone concentration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261431 TI - [Effect of gamma-oryzanol on prolactin secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261432 TI - [Stimulation of human growth hormone secretion by HOPA, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261434 TI - [A case of pseudohypoparathyroidism associated with remarkable intracranial calcification (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261433 TI - [Pseudohypoaldosteronism-diagnosis, pathophysiology, and family study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261435 TI - [Diagnosis of parathyroid hypofunction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261436 TI - [Studies on insulin resistance and insulin receptor binding to erythrocytes in childhood obesity and diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261438 TI - [Testicular feminization syndrome in infancy: report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261437 TI - [Pseudohypoaldosteronism in infancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261439 TI - [A case of pseudohypoparathyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261440 TI - [An examination of the histopathological descrimination of autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma (AFA) to non-functioning thyroid adenoma (NFA) by means of multivariate analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261441 TI - [Statistical studies of simple nodular goiter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261442 TI - [Studies of clinical effects of ethinyl estradiol (a natural estrogen) on prostatic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261443 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'-T2) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261444 TI - [Development of antibody to calcitonin in a patient with Paget's disease of bone treated with porcine calcitonin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261445 TI - [Adrenocortical functions in hypercholesterolemic patients; effect of long-term treatment with colestipol-HCl (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261446 TI - [Measurement of serum TSH concentration by radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261447 TI - [Measurement of serum ferritin levels by CIS ferritin RIA kit and significance of ferritin--iron ratio in diagnosis of malignancies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261448 TI - [Measurement of glucagon by radioimmunoassay kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261449 TI - [Studies on a new radioimmunoassay kit for glucagon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261450 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery. PMID- 7261451 TI - Comparative studies of two systems of prophylactic antibiotics in head and neck surgery. AB - One hundred and seventeen patients undergoing operations on the head and neck were investigated for the causes of infection. There was a close relationship between the pre-operative culture and the risk of infection. There was a greater risk of infection (10.7%) when the pharynx was opened than when it was not (0.0%). The operations most liable to infection are laryngopharyngectomy and those in which skin flaps are used. The isolation of pathogenic bacteria in the operative exudate did not in general predispose to the development of infection, which did not occur when these cultures were negative. Positive cultures obtained from the drain on 3 consecutive days were a significant indication that infection will probably occur. PMID- 7261452 TI - Cancer of the larynx and other occupational hazards of mustard gas workers. AB - An attempt was made to tract 511 men and women who manufactured mustard gas during the 1939--1945 war. Despite limitations in the identifying data available, 428 (84%) were traced to the end of 1974. The numbers of deaths from all neoplasms combined (45) and from all other causes (136) were slightly greater than those expected from national death rates, but not significantly so. Two deaths were attributed to carcinoma of the larynx and one to carcinoma of the trachea, compared with an expected number of 0.40 (P less than 0.02). Carcinoma of the larynx was also mentioned on the death certificate of another man. Seven subjects are known to have developed cancer of the larynx, compared with 0.75 expected (P less than 0.001). Excess mortality was also observed from cancer of the lung, pneumonia and accidents, but the excesses were small and difficult to interpret. PMID- 7261453 TI - The demonstration of cartilaginous involvement in laryngeal carcinoma by computerized tomography. AB - Thirty-six patients with laryngeal carcinoma were investigated by computerized tomography (CT). In 8 patients invasion of cartilage was shown at subsequent pathological examination of the excised larynges. In all there were 14 areas of cartilage involvement, 11 of which could be diagnosed on retrospective examination of the CT scans. Involvement of tumour was shown either as areas of decreased density (chondrolysis) or areas of local increased density (chondrosclerosis) due to cartilage ossification. False positive and false negative evidence of cartilage involvement was recorded in the series, but the accuracy of diagnosis in positive terms was approximately 79%. Histological evidence is put forward that the presence of carcinoma in relation to the cartilage produces perichondritis, which enhances ossification and the latter process may then in itself facilitate invasion by the tumour. Previous radiotherapy may also be a factor in the causation of the perichondritis and ossification. PMID- 7261454 TI - Bone resorption in chronic otitis media. The role of cholesteatoma, a must or an adjunct? AB - The paper contains the results of light microscopical, electron microscopical and histochemical examinations of chronic otitis media, with and without cholesteatoma, with special focus on the problems regarding bone resorption. It is demonstrated that bone resorption takes place without the presence of cholesteatoma itself, even though the magnitude of resorption is higher in the cases with cholesteatoma. It is demonstrated that there is always a layer of subepithelial granulation tissue between the cholesteatoma membrane and the underlying bone. The picture in the resorbing zone is dominated by mononuclear histiocyte like cells, containing dense cytoplasmatic bodies, called lysosomes, and it is demonstrated that the marker enzyme for acid hydrolases, the acid phosphatase, is present in large quantities, both in the histiocytes, as well as spread along the bony surface. It is concluded that a possible mechanism for bone resorption is performed by the acid hydrolases, contained in the histiocytes, working at acid pH. It is noteworthy that the multinucleated osteoclast is not demonstrated in the resorbing margin of bone and that the picture is dominated by capillary proliferation, indicating that ischemia does not play a role in bone resorption. On the contrary, this is in the author's opinion caused by inflammation and hyperemia. The various factors influencing bone resorption in general and in chronic otitis media are discussed and a new model for studying cholesteatoma pathology in the middle ear is presented. PMID- 7261456 TI - Aluminium oxide ceramic implants in middle ear surgery. PMID- 7261455 TI - Proplast and Plastipore. AB - Sixteen Proplast and 52 Plastipore prostheses, removed at revision surgery, have been examined histologically and the findings illustrated. The macroscopic appearance of the prostheses was preserved. Fibrous tissue capsule formation was common. It has been expected that the prostheses will be invaded by fibrous tissue and thereby stabilized. Fibrous tissue ingrowth was consistently seen in Proplast but not Plastipore prostheses. Multinucleated foreign body giant cells were present in large numbers in both types. There was histological evidence of breakdown of the prostheses. PMID- 7261457 TI - Squamous carcinoma of the nasal vestibule. AB - Twenty-two patients with squamous carcinoma of the nasal vestibule are reported. If a sufficiently large volume of tissue is irradiated, radiotherapy is to be preferred to surgery as the primary form of treatment on cosmetic grounds. Local recurrence can be treated successfully by surgery and the ultimate prognosis remains good. The prognosis is very unfavourable if regional lymph node metastases appear. We propose that all patients should undergo an ipsilateral suprahyoid neck dissection to identify occult nodes. If these are found radical radiotherapy should be given. PMID- 7261458 TI - A study of HLA antigens and immune response to DNCB in alopecia areata. PMID- 7261459 TI - Histological changes observed in the skin of patients with mycosis fungoides receiving photochemotherapy. PMID- 7261460 TI - Malignancy associated dermatomyositis with fibrosing alveolitis. Report of a case with a discussion of the management. PMID- 7261461 TI - A grossly disfiguring case of epithelioma adenoides cysticum in an African. PMID- 7261462 TI - Contact sensitization to p-tertiary butylphenol (PTBP) resin in plastic nail adhesive. PMID- 7261464 TI - Confluent and reticulate papillomatosis. PMID- 7261463 TI - A possible immunological mechanism for the pathogenesis of dermatitis herpetiformis with reference to coeliac disease. PMID- 7261465 TI - Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevus (eczematous linear naevus). PMID- 7261466 TI - The role of histopathology in polymorphous light eruption light testing. PMID- 7261468 TI - Pachyonychia congenita with candidiasis. PMID- 7261467 TI - Trioxsalen baths plus UV-A in the treatment of lichen planus and urticaria pigmentosa. PMID- 7261469 TI - Eruptive vellus hair cysts. PMID- 7261470 TI - Pseudopyogenic granuloma. PMID- 7261471 TI - Pyoderma gangrenosum: successful treatment with minocycline. PMID- 7261472 TI - Hypercarotenemia and hypervitaminosis A. PMID- 7261473 TI - Which Fc receptor-bearing cells are detected with the Ripley assay? AB - Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood and analysed with T and B markers (E rosettes and SIg) and on contaminating monocytes and PMN. The suspensions contained 63.3 +/- 4.8% T lymphocytes, 11.4 +/- 3.8% B lymphocytes, 9.0 +/- 5.5% null lymphocytes, 15.1 +/- 3.8% monocytes and 1.1 +/- 0.6% PMN. Of all cells, 27.6 +/- 12.1% formed EA rosettes with OR1R2 red cells coated with anti-CD Ripley. In preparations fixed after cytocentrifugation, the EA rosette forming cells were studied with regard to esterase activity. The proportion of cells with detectable Fc receptors was further studied in purified T lymphocyte and in monocyte suspensions. Finally, EA rosettes were isolated by gradient centrifugation and the rosette forming cells studied with conventional T and B markers. All procedures gave corresponding results: on average 11-14% of the T lymphocytes and nearly 100% of the null cells formed EA rosettes, while only 2% of the B lymphocytes had detectable Fc receptors. Of the purified monocyte and PMN populations, on average 72 +/- 10.5 and 14.5 +/- 5.4%, respectively, formed EA rosettes. Thus, the Ripley assay, representing an important marker for null lymphocytes, cannot be regarded as specific for this population of white blood cells. PMID- 7261474 TI - Similarities and dissimilarities between the binding ability of C1q and collagen. AB - Based on chemical-structural similarities between C1q and collagen, we studied their activities in reactions which are typically induced in collagen or mediated by C1q. Human C1q suppressed the collagen-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasmas. Both human C1q and a suspension in insoluble bovine collagen inhibited in time-dependent fashion the lysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes (EA) by guinea-pig complement. They both agglutinated sheep erythrocytes (EA and EAC4) sensitized with rabbit haemolysin, mainly in the IgM type, polystyrene latex particles complexed with heat-denatured human IgG, a combination of horse, goat and sheep globulins, or deoxyribonucleoprotein. Heating of C1q and collagen (56 degrees C, 30 min), which disrupts the collagen fold into a random coil structure, almost completely abrogated all activities of C1q and considerably reduced those of collagen, suggesting that an intact triple helix is essential for their activities. In spite of their far-ranging similarities, C1q was more potent by weight in most reactions, showed evidence of a faster rate of binding to EA, and was more sensitive to heat treatment at 56 degrees C than was collagen. on the basis of the binding activities of collagen, a model is proposed according to which platelets, sensitized erythrocytes, aggregated gammaglobulins, immune complexes and deoxyribonucleoprotein might accumulate at the site of endothelial damage where blood and its components are exposed to collagenous substances. C1q is able to inhibit all these reactions, indicating that not only is C1q collagen-like in its behaviour, but that collagen also had C1q-like properties. PMID- 7261476 TI - Maturation-linked expression of C3b and C3b' receptors on developing human bone marrow and peripheral blood granulocytes. AB - The sequential expression of granulocyte membrane receptors for C3b, C3b' and C3d have been investigated in normal human bone marrow and peripheral blood. In particular the relationship between receptor expression and morphological characteristics of granulocyte maturation has been assessed. The result indicate that C3b receptor development precedes that of the Fc-IgG receptor and is present on all neutrophil precursors with the exception of the agranular myeloblast. Furthermore, there is, in contrast to Fc-IgG receptors, no difference (P greater than 0.35) in C3b receptor expression between marrow and peripheral blood segmented neutrophils. An apparent subpopulation of granulocytes also appear to have receptors for C3b' whereas receptors for C3d were not detected at all during granulocyte maturation. The application of these findings to the normal in vivo functions of granulocytes and to the study of abnormal granulocyte populations in myeloproliferative disorders is discussed. PMID- 7261475 TI - Kinetic studies of the association of complement components and IgG-coated latex particles incubated in normal or complement-activated human serum. PMID- 7261477 TI - The uptake of tritium-labelled carnitine by monolayer cultures of human fetal muscle and its potential as a label in cytotoxicity studies. PMID- 7261478 TI - Ocular and dermal delayed hypersensitivity reactions in guinea-pigs following infection with guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis agent (Chlamydia psittaci). AB - Guinea-pigs which had been sensitized to guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis agent by ocular infection, were given ocular and dermal challenges with a range of doses of agent. Ocular delayed-type hypersensitivity responses were elicited by a wide range of doses. Such responses were associated with the presence of chlamydial inclusions and inflammatory cells. The EID50 for ocular reinfection was only slightly higher than that for primary ocular infection. Dermal delayed type hypersensitivity reactions were produced only when high doses of agent were used. The relevance of these observations to human chlamydial eye disease is discussed. PMID- 7261479 TI - Effects of PGE1 in murine models of SLE: changes in circulating immune complexes. PMID- 7261480 TI - In vitro human neutrophil movement in umbilical cord blood. PMID- 7261481 TI - Effect of castration and sex hormones on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 7261482 TI - Antilymphocyte antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: increased reactivity against activated lymphocytes. PMID- 7261483 TI - Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in two sibships. AB - In one sibship, a brother had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) Type III and a sister, Type I. In both children, clinical and laboratory manifestations were typical. In another sibship, both boys had Type I MPGN by glomerular morphology but over a 4 year period of follow-up, neither had hematuria or hypocomplementemia, both common manifestations of this type. Several other reports give suggestive evidence of MPGN in siblings but details are scanty. The familial nature of the disease adds to the earlier observation of its predilection for the white race to strengthen the concept that genetic factors are involved in its origin. PMID- 7261484 TI - Fulminant spontaneous acute bacterial peritonitis in maintenance hemodialysis. AB - Two patients on maintenance hemodialysis therapy developed fulminant spontaneous acute bacterial peritonitis (S.A.B.P.). Both had positive blood cultures and died within a few hours despite intensive antibiotic and supportive therapy. No intra abdominal source of the peritonitis was found in either case. Though septicemia is an important cause of death in the hemodialyzed patient, this form of presentation (S.A.B.P.) has not been previously reported. PMID- 7261485 TI - Clinical study of the cardiac findings in patients on chronic maintenance hemodialysis: the relationship to coronary risk factors. PMID- 7261486 TI - The use of propranolol and nifedipine in the medical management of angina pectoris. AB - This study investigates the use of propranolol and nifedipine in the treatment of angina pectoris. The clinical response and the effects on the precordial 16-lead electrocardiogram before and after exercise were studied in 52 patients with frequent angina pectoris. Relief of chest pain and abolition of exercise-induced ST-segment depression was achieved in 16 patients on treatment with propranolol alone (mean dose, 300 mg/d). Of the remaining 36 patients, the precordial area and severity of exercise-induced ST-segment depression were unchanged in 8 patients, of whom 2 reported they were free from chest pain, improved in 10 patients of whom 4 reported they were free of chest pain, and abolished in 14 patients, all of whom were free from chest pain following treatment with both propranolol and nifedipine (mean dose, 50 mg/d). Four patients were unable to tolerate this combination. This study has shown that in patients who do not respond to treatment with propranolol alone the combination of propranolol and nifedipine can be used to control not only anginal pain, but also the precordial electrocardiographic manifestations of ischemia. PMID- 7261487 TI - Coronary artery disease confined to secondary branches of the left coronary system. AB - Among 3,000 patients studied by coronary arteriography during a 4-year period, 31 patients (1%) had coronary artery disease limited to a diagonal branch of the left anterior descending (15 patients), marginal branch of the left circumflex (10 patients), or to both branches (6 patients). Ten patients had 50-69% and twenty-one had greater than or equal to 70% diameter narrowing. The suitability for grafting was noted in 20 patients as judged by the caliber and distribution of the diseased branches. Collaterals were noted in seven patients. Disease was present in 28 men and 3 women (age range 38-70 years). At least one major coronary risk factor was present in 27 patients. Angina was noted in 27 patients; prior myocardial infarction was noted in 5 patients by history and in 4 by ECG. The left ventriculogram was normal in 22 patients and showed mild segmental asynergy in 9; ejection fraction was normal in all. Exercise ECGs were positive in 12 of 25 patients; exercise 201thallium scans were positive in 13. All patients responded to medical therapy. In conclusion, among the population of patients who undergo catheterization, coronary branch disease is rare. The clinical findings are indistinguishable from patients with major coronary disease. Prognosis remains benign and patients respond to medical therapy. PMID- 7261488 TI - 201Thallium stress myocardial imaging: an evaluation of fifty-eight asymptomatic males. AB - The possible value of myocardial imaging with 201thallium as a screening procedure for the detection of latent disease has not been previously shown. Fifty-eight asymptomatic men underwent exercise 201thallium imaging together with a risk score profile based on the Framingham criteria for predicting future coronary events. Six subjects (10%) developed perfusion defects compatible with myocardial ischemia. The risk score for the population with an abnormal test was 7.7 +/- 2.9%, compared to 2.0 +/- 2.2% (p less than 0.001) for those men with normal tests. Three of the subjects with abnormal scans underwent selective coronary arteriograms; all three had normal coronary arteries. During a 30-month follow-up, all individuals remained physically active and free of cardiac symptoms. Exercise myocardial imaging is not a cost-effective means of detecting coronary artery disease in an asymptomatic population and should not be used as a screening procedure. PMID- 7261489 TI - Anomalous right ventricular muscle bundle: clinical pitfalls and extracardiac anomalies. AB - Seven patients with anomalous right ventricular muscle bundle are presented to emphasize possible pitfalls in the clinical diagnosis as based on physical examination, chest x ray, and electrocardiogram. Echocardiography, on the other hand, revealed abnormalities in all four of the patients on whom the study was done. The echocardiogram was directly responsible for a change in diagnosis and referral for a cardiac catheterization in one patient who had been followed for 19 years with the clinical diagnosis of a small ventricular septal defect. Four of the seven patients with anomalous right ventricular muscle bundle had extracardiac anomalies, one girl with an absent left thumb, and three patients, one girl and two boys, with left-sided renal anomalies. This high incidence of renal anomalies has not been previously reported in clinical or postmortem series. PMID- 7261490 TI - Left perihilar density in a patient with respiratory failure. PMID- 7261491 TI - Malignant transudative effusion: misleading results of pleural fluid analysis. PMID- 7261492 TI - [A case with severe brain edema, fatty degeneration and necrosis of the viscera, and marked stomatocytosis of the peripheral blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261494 TI - [Observation of post-operative (thymectomy) clinical courses and the application of corticosteroid for myasthenia gravis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261493 TI - [The effect of bilateral thalamic infarction to human behavior (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261495 TI - [Scapulo-ilio-peroneal dystrophy associated with sensory disturbances (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261496 TI - [Single fiber electromyography in myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261498 TI - [A case acute acquired toxoplasmosis with acute transverse myelopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261497 TI - [Serum CPK activities in long term follow up cases of progressive muscular dystrophy of Duchenne's type -with special reference to the course of disability and body weight (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261499 TI - [Acute-onset dementia with right homonymous hemianopsia -a syndrome of posterior cerebral artery territory infarction on the dominant side (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261500 TI - [Alpha-pattern coma in primary brain stem hemorrhage: consecutive computerized axial tomograms and electroencephalograms of three cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261501 TI - [Multiple myeloma producing Collet-Sicard syndrome: an autopsy case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261502 TI - [Folate derivatives in motor cortex of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261503 TI - [Biopsy study of gastric mucosa in familial amyloid polyneuropathy--with special reference to diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261505 TI - [Methylamino acid residues of proteins in atrophic skeletal muscle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261504 TI - [An autopsy case of cryptococcal meningitis with chronic schistosomiasis, Japonica (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261506 TI - [Sleep study in Shy-Drager syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261507 TI - [One autopsy case of bulbar-spinal muscular atrophy in adult males (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261508 TI - [Amyotrophy in dystonic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261509 TI - [A syndrome presenting short stature, mental retardation, decreased adipose tissue, myopathy and chimpanzee-like face (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261511 TI - [A case of chronic subdural hematoma simulating transient cerebral ischemic attacks (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261510 TI - [Study on the electroencephalogram of systemic lupus erythematosus patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261512 TI - [A case with the syndrome of superior cerebellar artery resulting from infratentorial malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261513 TI - Ebstein's anomaly: demonstration by ECG-synchronized radionuclide cineangiography. AB - The findings of radionuclide cineangiography in Ebstein anomaly are described. The subjective findings in this case were similar to those of radiographic angiography, and there was objective evidence of tricuspid insufficiency. It is useful to recognize that Ebstein's anomaly is present before cardiac catheterization, since the procedure carries a relatively high risk of death in patients with this disorder. PMID- 7261514 TI - Differentiation of rib fractures from metastases by bone scanning. AB - The bone scans of 471 cancer patients revealed 103 (22%) with one or more rib lesions. Of 69 patients who had serial studies, five (7%) had proven rib fractures, 13 (19%) had probable fractures, 25 (36%) had proven metastases, and 26 (38%) had probable metastases. By analyzing the intensity and appearance of rib lesions in serial bone scans, it was concluded that there is a high probability that rib lesions detected by bone scanning are fractures if 1) they are focal as opposed to linear, and 2) they decrease in intensity within three to six months or they are aligned so as to involve two or more ribs in the same location. PMID- 7261515 TI - Correction of respiratory motion in hepatic scintigraphy. AB - An analog device to correct for respiratory motion was used in 100 consecutive liver scans to determine its clinical utility. The sets of scan images generated were reviewed separately, then together, without knowledge of clinical presentation or imaging technique. When the images were reviewed separately, there was no clinical significant change in patient classification. When the images were reviewed together, 57% of the patients had detectable differences in image features, and in most instances this difference was limited to a clearer definition of organ outline or normal variants (e.g., gallbladder fossa). Of the 17 patients with focal hepatic disease, 14 had these defects better defined or additional lesions identified. Of the 18 patients with definite, diffuse, nonhomogeneous tracer distribution as seen in the uncorrected images, 12 had changes in scan appearance with motion correction. In eight patients the scan pattern became more normal, but in four the abnormal pattern was modified to that of focal defects. PMID- 7261516 TI - Demonstration of extremely large, pedunculated urine fibroids on bone scan. PMID- 7261517 TI - False-positive liver-lung scan caused by intraperitoneal free air. PMID- 7261518 TI - Could it be my nerves? A psychiatric viewpoint. PMID- 7261519 TI - The urethral syndrome. PMID- 7261520 TI - Is it iatrogenic? 'I've always had a weak bladder'. PMID- 7261521 TI - The gynaecologist's approach to the patient with urological symptoms. PMID- 7261523 TI - Recurrent Candida infection. PMID- 7261522 TI - Cervicitis. PMID- 7261524 TI - Clinical aspects, vaginal discharge, vaginitis and pruritus vulvae. PMID- 7261526 TI - Epithelial changes in the cervix: cytological and histological correlation. PMID- 7261525 TI - Gynaecological pain in the lower abdomen. PMID- 7261527 TI - Lower abdominal pain. 1. The surgical viewpoint. PMID- 7261528 TI - The clinician's response to the abnormal smear. PMID- 7261529 TI - Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. PMID- 7261530 TI - Acute otitis media: toward a more precise definition. AB - Eighty-five infants and children presenting with acute otitis media who had normal tympanic membrane landmarks and mobility within 1 month before entry into the study were studied. These criteria were used in order to avoid including children with prior otitis media with effusion (secretory otitis media). A diagnosis of suppurative otitis media was made in each case based on pneumo otoscopic findings of diminished mobility, contour, and color of the tympanic membrane. The diagnosis was validated by myringotomy and positive culture of the middle ear fluid. A poorly mobile, bulging, yellow, opacified tympanic membrane was the most common type of tympanic membrane visualized; whereas a poorly mobile, bulging, red tympanic membrane was seen in ony 19%. The color of the tympanic membrane did not correlate with a specific pathogen isolated from the middle ear exudate. Sixty-seven per cent of children had no fever; 28% had no pain or querulous behavior. PMID- 7261531 TI - Cesarean childbirth: an NIH consensus development conference. PMID- 7261532 TI - A review of congenital neurologic malformations. AB - Congenital neurologic malformations present a difficult challenge to the clinician in regard to diagnosis, management, and prevention. The authors review normal ontogenesis and divide this complex process into three developmental phases: (1) induction, (2) cellular proliferation and migration, and (3) maturation of cellular organization, synaptic development, and myelin formation. A classification of malformations based on the timing of occurrence during the first and second stages of central nervous system development is presented. These disorders are described with particular attention to the clinical and diagnostic features. Various prenatal diagnostic screening tests are also reviewed in an attempt to identify the population at risk for congenital neurologic malformations. PMID- 7261534 TI - Refractory hypertension in an otherwise healthy adolescent. AB - Severe hypertension, for which no cause could be found, developed in an adolescent female. The patient's blood pressure was refractory to intensive pharmacologic intervention. After 11/2 years of medical management, the patient's intra-arterial blood pressures were found to be in the normotensive range. Individuals with labile hypertension may be refractory to pharmacologic control and may require continuous pressure monitoring in order to establish a proper diagnosis. PMID- 7261533 TI - Dissecting aortic aneurysm in childhood and adolescence. Case report and literature review. AB - A 15-year-old adolescent male with dissecting aortic aneurysm is presented. His young age, lack of predisposing factors, and fulminant course with rapid progression to death precluded a correct antemortem diagnosis. Review of the literature reveals that most instances of dissecting aortic aneurysm in childhood and adolescence are associated with predisposing conditions, especially congenital cardiovascular anomalies. The clinical picture is generally characteristic. Prompt evaluation and therapy may be lifesaving. PMID- 7261535 TI - Peroneal nerve palsy in a premature: complication of multiple blood pressure measurements. PMID- 7261536 TI - Sonographic detection of fibromatosis: a rare tumor in the retroperitoneum. AB - Abdominal sonography for the detection and evaluation of mass lesions is a common investigative modality. The authors wish to report a case of an unusual retroperitoneal tumor that was detected by ultrasound. The lesion, fibromatosis, was symptomatic but went undiagnosed for over a year, despite two evaluations which included multiple standard roentgenographic studies. Fibromatosis is discussed. PMID- 7261537 TI - The thoracic outlet syndrome produced by costochondritis. AB - Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a rare condition in children. Compression of the neurovascular bundle as it passes from the neck through the thorax into the arm may be produced by numerous anatomic and structural abnormalities. This case represents compression produced by spasm of the pectoralis minor muscle originating from costochondritis. PMID- 7261538 TI - Proteins in the urine associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and other neuromuscular diseases. AB - 1. Up to 200 protein staining spots could be detected on two-dimensional electrophoresis of urine from healthy persons. Other minor spots were occasionally present. 2. Although the electropherograms exhibited constant characteristic features some variation in protein pattern was observed between individuals and with a given individual at different times. 3. Two additional proteins, spots C and D, were consistently present in urine from boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Spot C was also present in the urine of about 60% of obligatory carriers of this dystrophy. 4. The protein responsible for spot C had a molecular weight of 26000 and an isoelectric point of 5.3. 5. Spot C was also detected in the urine of patients with other neuromuscular conditions. Neither spot C nor spot D could be detected in the urine of patients with physical disabilities other than those of neuromuscular origin. 6. It is concluded that the urinary excretion of spot C, and probably of spot D, is a consequence of muscle damage and that their detection has potential as a diagnostic tool. PMID- 7261539 TI - Arterial plasma histamine after exercise in normal individuals an in patients with exercise-induced asthma. AB - 1. Arterial plasma histamine concentrations, forced expiratory volume in 1.0 s (FEV1.0) and peak expiratory flow rate were determined in nine patients with exercise-induced asthma and in five control subjects before and after 8 min of cycle-ergometer exercise. 2. In the controls neither FEV1.0 nor peak expiratory flow rate fell by more than 5% in any individual during the 30 min postexercise period. The asthmatic patients all experienced a fall in FEV1.0 or peak expiratory flow rate, or both, of 15% or more in the period 5-20 min after completion of the exercise. 3. There was no difference between the control subjects and the asthmatic patients in the plasma histamine response to exercise. In both groups there was an insignificant rise of about 40% during exercise, although the initial levels were higher in the asthmatic patients. 4. The mean plasma histamine peak of the asthmatic patients preceded the mean maximal fall of FEV1.0 and peak expiratory flow rate by approximately 15 min. However, no positive correlation was found between rise in, or peak, plasma histamine levels and decrease in lung function. 5. Three non-atopic asthmatic patients had a significantly higher mean plasma histamine concentration during exercise than had the atopic subjects. 6. A strong positive correlation in asthmatic patients, and asthmatic and control subjects together was found between age and mean postexercise plasma histamine concentrations. 7. The results do not support a direct role for histamine in the production of exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 7261540 TI - Venous plasma histamine in exercise- and hyperventilation-induced asthma in man. AB - 1. Venous plasma histamine was measured by a specific and sensitive radioenzymatic assay in seven male extrinsic asthmatic and six age-matched non atopic non-asthmatic male subjects during exercise and voluntary isocapnic hyperventilation. 2. There was no change in peak expiratory flow in normal subjects with exercise or hyperventilation, but asthmatic subjects showed a 29.4 +/- SEM 5.8% fall after exercise and a 29.0 +/- 5.4% fall after matched hyperventilation. 3. Plasma histamine was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in asthmatic (6.2 +/- 0.95 nmol/l) than that in normal subjects (3.4 +/- 0.61 mol/l) and showed a significant (P less than 0.01) rise (to 14.4 +/- 1.83 nmol/l) during exercise in asthmatic, but not in normal subjects. This suggests that discharge of mast-cell mediators may occur during exercise in asthmatic subjects who develop exercise-induced asthma. 4. With hyperventilation there was no change in plasma histamine in either asthmatic or normal subjects, but this does not exclude the possibility that mediators may be released locally in the airways. PMID- 7261541 TI - Respiratory activity of the vocal cords in normal subjects and patients with airflow obstruction: an electromyographic study. AB - 1. A surface electrode was used to record electromyographic activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle during breathing in normal subjects and patients with airflow obstruction. 2. Phasic activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle was demonstrated. This was present on inspiration and absent on expiration. 3. Phasic inspiratory activity in normal subjects was present only during periods of voluntary hyperventilation, increasing with tidal volume, whereas in patients with airflow obstruction inspiratory activity was present even during resting breathing and failed to increase further during voluntary hyperventilation. 4. The posterior crico-arytenoid muscle may be considered as an inspiratory muscle acting analogously to other accessory respiratory muscles. PMID- 7261542 TI - Increased intralymphocytic sodium content in essential hypertension: an index of impaired Na+ cellular metabolism. AB - 1. The sodium concentration in lymphocytes was measured in a group of 66 normotensive subjects (40 without familial hypertension and 26 with familial hypertension), in a group of 81 patients with essential hypertension and in a group of 14 patients with secondary hypertension. 2. The mean value (+/- SD) in normotensive subjects with no history of familial hypertension was 21.9 +/- 3.1 mmol/kg wet weight, which was significantly lower (P less than 0.005) than that of normotensive subjects with familial hypertension (mean value 27.9 +/- 4.2 mmol/kg). Lymphocyte sodium concentration was significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension (33.2 +/- 3.3 mmol/kg; P less than 0.001) than in the subjects with normal blood pressure without familial hypertension. 3. In the patients with essential hypertension there was a significant correlation between lymphocyte sodium concentration and systolic (P less than 0.005), diastolic (P less than 0.001) and mean (P less than 0.001) blood pressure. In the normotensive subjects there was no correlation between the lymphocyte sodium concentration and the blood pressure. 4. The patients with secondary forms of hypertension had normal lymphocyte sodium concentration, except in the case of Conn's disease. 5. Incubation with ouabain increased lymphocyte sodium concentration in the normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension; the final sodium concentration was similar in the two groups. 6. When lymphocytes from normotensive subjects without familial hypertension were incubated in plasma of patients with essential hypertension there was an increase in their sodium content. PMID- 7261543 TI - Evaluation of the mineralocorticoid activity of 18-hydroxycorticosterone. AB - 1. The mineralocorticoid activity of 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH-B) has been compared with that of aldosterone by using human bioassay in vivo with measurement of rectal potential difference and urinary log 10 Na+/K+ ratio. 2. A log-linear relationship was found between maximum change in rectal potential difference and increasing doses of aldosterone. 3. No mineralocorticoid activity could be demonstrated after an intravenous bolus and infusion of 18-OH-B. 4. The half-life of clearance of 18-OH-B was measured in three subjects and found to be 28, 48 and 24 min. PMID- 7261544 TI - Total-body protein turnover in human premature neonates: effects of birth weight, intra-uterine nutritional status and diet. AB - 1. The effects of birth weight, intra-uterine nutritional status and protein and energy intake on whole-body protein turnover, and skeletal muscle protein breakdown were examined in 40 premature infants. 2. Total-body nitrogen flux was 26% higher in the small-for-gestational-age compared with appropriate-for gestation-age infants; similarly, whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown were increased by 26 and 35% respectively (P less than 0.01). 3. The lower-birth weight neonates (less than 1500 g) had higher rates of skeletal muscle protein breakdown; 1.23 +/- 1.12 g day-1 kg-1, as compared with 0.54 +/- 0.28 g for the high-birth-weight group (P less than 0.05). 4. Protein intake was inversely correlated with the fraction of nitrogen flux coming from endogenous protein breakdown (P less than 0.05) and with skeletal muscle protein breakdown (P less than 0.05). There were no significant relationships found between energy intake and the parameters of protein metabolism. 5. On the basis of the turnover data, evidence is presented that the protein requirements for milk-protein fed premature neonates is less than 4.3 g day-1 kg-1. PMID- 7261546 TI - Study of the carbohydrate content of mucus glycoproteins from normal and diseased colons. AB - 1. Mucus samples obtained from colectomy colons from 10 patients with ulcerative colitis and four patients with Crohn's disease of the colon, together with samples from 10 normal postmortem colons, have been studied. 2. Two glycoprotein fractions were isolated from mucosal scrapings by gel-permeation chromatography. The high-molecular-weight fraction consisted largely of mucus glycoproteins and was further purified to the glycopolypeptides. The low-molecular-weight fraction contained a glycoprotein with a high mannose content. The carbohydrate content of both the mucus glycoprotein and glycopolypeptide fractions were significantly reduced in active colitis. 3. Oligosaccharides were prepared from the mucus glycoprotein material. In the normal material more than half the units contained eight or more monosaccharide residues, whereas in the disease material the bulk of the units were smaller than this. PMID- 7261545 TI - The excretion of isotope in urea and ammonia for estimating protein turnover in man with [15N]glycine. AB - 1. Four normal adults were given [15N]glycine in a single dose either orally or intravenously. Rates of whole-body protein turnover were estimated from the excretion of 15N in ammonia and in urea during the following 9 h. The rate derived from urea took account of the [15N]urea retained in body water. 2. In postabsorptive subjects the rates of protein synthesis given by ammonia were equal to those from urea, when the isotope was given orally, but lower when an intravenous dose was given. 3. In subjects receiving equal portions of food every 2 h rates of synthesis calculated from ammonia were much lower than those from urea whether an oral or intravenous isotope was given. Comparison of rates obtained during the post-absorptive and absorptive periods indicated regulation by food intake primarily of synthesis when measurements were made on urea, but regulation primarily of breakdown when measurements were made on ammonia. 4. These inconsistencies suggest that changes in protein metabolism might be assessed better by correlating results given by different end-products, and it is suggested that the mean value given by urea and ammonia will be useful for this purpose. PMID- 7261547 TI - Relationship between plasma high-density lipoprotein concentrations and lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities in children with hyperlipidaemia. AB - 1. Significant positive correlations were found between the lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities of post-heparin plasma samples and plasma high density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations in 21 children with hyperlipidaemia and six normal adult males. 2. A significant positive correlation was also observed between the two lipase activities and the ratio of HDL cholesterol to apoprotein AI (apo AI) concentrations. 3. These findings provide further evidence that a significant proportion of HDL and possibly the HDL, subfraction is formed during the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. PMID- 7261548 TI - Increased hepatic fibrogenesis in the cholesterol-fed mouse. AB - 1. Mice when fed a cholesterol/choline-supplemented diet for 4 weeks developed histologically fatty livers. This lipid overloading was associated with an increase in hepatic concentration of connective tissues. 2. Both histological and biochemical abnormalities regressed on stopping the cholesterol diet for another 4 weeks. With continuing feeding for 24 weeks these abnormalities were sustained. 3. In the absence of available evidence that cholesterol is 'toxic' to the liver, it is concluded that lipid loading alone increases hepatic fibrogenesis. PMID- 7261549 TI - Effects of clonidine on aortic pressure-diameter and elastic stiffness-stress relations in anaesthetized rabbits. AB - 1. The effects of clonidine on the aortic pressure-diameter relationship were studied in anaesthetized rabbits by means of an ultrasonic dimension technique. Midwall aortic stress and aortic elastic modulus were calculated. 2. In spite of a significant decrease in mean aortic blood pressure, aortic diameter was slightly but not significantly increased after intravenous clonidine injection (25 microgram/kg body wt., intravenously over 30 s). 3. Midwall aortic stress was decreased when compared at the same aortic radius and aortic elastic modulus was increased when compared at a common blood pressure level. However, when aortic elastic modulus was plotted as a linear function of the stress, no difference was observed before and after clonidine. 4. The results suggest that the pressure diameter changes induced by clonidine were primarily reflecting the mechanical changes in the aortic wall due to changes in smooth muscle tension. Furthermore it seems that the elastic modulus of the aorta tends to remain constant by adaptive changes in the aortic wall which over-ride the concurrent geometrical changes to maintain a level of elasticity consistent with the degree of aortic stress. PMID- 7261550 TI - Plasma and interstitial volumes in essential hypertension: relationship to blood pressure. AB - 1. Plasma and interstitial fluid volumes have been measured simultaneously in men with uncomplicated and untreated essential hypertension. 2. Plasma volume (Evans blue) was reduced in essential hypertension and correlated inversely with blood pressure. 3. Interstitial fluid volume, derived from bromine space and plasma volume, was also reduced in essential hypertension and correlated inversely with blood pressure. The mean reduction in both plasma and interstitial fluid volumes was 6-7%. 4. There is no evidence for volume expansion in essential hypertension and the relationship between plasma and interstitial fluid volumes is preserved. The contraction of plasma and interstitial fluid volumes is most likely to reflect a natriuresis and diuresis secondary to the raised renal perfusion pressure, and sodium retention is unlikely to be a primary event in essential hypertension. PMID- 7261551 TI - Vasopressin in the plasma of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1. Plasma concentration of arginine vasopressin, plasma osmolality and packed cell volume were measured in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats at different ages. 2. In young and in adolescent SHRSP, at 6, 9 and 12 weeks of age, plasma concentration of vasopressin was diminished as compared with age-matched WKY rats (P less than 0.01), whereas, in 18-week-old rats, the difference was not significant (P greater than 0.05). In contrast, in 24-week-old rats, plasma vasopressin was elevated as compared with WKY rats of the same age (P less than 0.01). 3. In none of the age groups did plasma osmolality differ between the two strains of rats, but in all groups packed cell volume in SHRSP was higher than in WKY rats. 4. During a 48 h period of dehydration, plasma vasopressin concentrations increased similarly in SHRSP and in WKY rats of 6 and 12 weeks of age respectively. 5. It is concluded that vasopressin does not contribute to the development of high blood pressure in SHRSP rats. The reduced plasma concentration of vasopressin may account for the decreased plasma and blood volume and the slightly elevated plasma sodium concentration observed in young SHRSP rats. PMID- 7261552 TI - Effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on exercise performance and metabolism. AB - 1. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and the capacity to perform prolonged submaximal physical exercise were studied in six young healthy subjects treated in a randomized double-blind fashion for 2 days with either placebo, the non selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (80 mg b.i.d.) or the cardioselective agent metoprolol (100 mg b.i.d.). On day 3, 1 h after the last dose, the subjects exercised for 30 min periods followed up 10 min rest up to the point of exhaustion. 2. The capacity to perform exercise was decreased with both beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. However, at an equal degree of beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade, all subjects could exercise for a longer period of time on the cardioselective agent as compared with the non-selective drug. 3. Blood glucose levels decreased during exercise irrespective of the type of treatment, but the attenuation occurred most rapidly on propranolol. At exhaustion the average non esterified fatty acid levels had increased 256% on placebo, 148% on metoprolol and 65% on propranolol. A significant positive correlation was found between changes in non-esterified fatty acid levels during exercise and total working time. It is concluded that beta-adrenoceptor blockade diminishes the capacity for prolonged sub-maximal exercise at least in part by reducing the availability of substrates to the working muscles. PMID- 7261553 TI - Effects of a meal on plasma clearance of [14C]glycocholic acid and indocyanine green in man. AB - 1. The fasting plasma disappearance curve of [14C]glycocholic acid after intravenous injection was compared in nine normal subjects with that obtained 100 min after a standard liquid test meal. 2. Plasma disappearance curves of indocyanine green were determined in 13 normal subjects under the same conditions. 3. Plasma clearances were significantly increased after the meal for both [14C]glycocholic acid (median 455 ml min--1 m--2, range 376--672 increased to 704, 528--1968; P less than 0.01) and indocyanine green (359, 227--473 increased to 435, 358--985; P less than 0.01). 4. Median initial volume of distribution was unaltered, but in four subjects it was greatly increased after the meal, although no alteration in plasma volume, measured with Evans blue dye, was observed. 5. The increased postprandial plasma clearance of glycocholic acid is probably due to an increase in liver blood flow, and suggests that in health this part of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids also varies with meals. PMID- 7261554 TI - Effect of PH on muscle glycolysis during exercise. AB - 1. Five males were studied on three occasions, after oral administration of CaCO3 (control), NH4Cl (acidosis) and NaHCO3 (alkalosis), in a dose of 0.3 g/kg, taken over a 3 h period at rest. The subjects then exercised on a cycle ergometer for 20 min at 33% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max.), followed by 20 min at 66% and at 95% VO2 max. until exhaustion. 2. Endurance at 95% VO2 max. was longest with alkalosis (5.44 +/- 1.05 min), shortest with acidosis (3.13 +/- 0.97 min) and intermediate in the control study (4.56 +/- 1.31 min); venous blood pH at exhaustion was 7.33 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- 1 SEM), 7.13 +/- 0.02 and 7.26 +/- 0.02 respectively. 3. Concentrations of plasma lactate at exhaustion were 7.10 +/- 0.8 mmol/1 4.0 +/- 0.5 and 7.9 +/- 0.9 mmol/l in the control, acidosis and alkalosis studies respectively. 4. Muscle lactate increased most from rest to exhaustion with alkalosis to 17.1 +/- 2.5 mumol/g and least with acidosis to 12.2 +/- 1.4 mumol/g. Muscle glycogen depletion was comparable in control and alkalosis studies. 5. The lower plasma lactate concentration during exercise in acidosis compared with control and alkalosis appears to be due to an inhibition of muscle glycolysis combined with a reduction in lactate efflux from muscle. PMID- 7261555 TI - Detection and interaction of elastic and flow-resistive respiratory loads in man. AB - 1. The detection of added inspiratory airflow resistances was studied in normal individuals under two circumstances: first, while breathing unhindered, and secondly, while breathing against continuously applied ('basal') inspiratory elastic loads. The addition of basal elastic loads resulted in impaired detection of flow-resistive loads whether expressed as added flow resistance or as a proportion of the basal flow resistance. 2. When loads were plotted on a logarithmic scale, load-detection relationships were linear, permitting both threshold and slope of the detection response ('sensitivity') to be assessed. Impaired detection associated with basal elastic loads was shown to be due to a raised threshold without change in 'sensitivity'. 3. When the flow resistances submitted for detection were expressed as a proportion of the sum of the basal flow resistance and added elastance, the probability of detection was independent of the magnitude of the added elastance. 4. The interaction between basal elastic and added flow-resistive loads suggests that at the time of detection the basal elastance acts in a manner similar to that of an added flow resistance. 5. Added basal flow resistances had no significant effect on the detection of threshold elastic loads. PMID- 7261556 TI - Cardiovascular effects of vasopressin infused into the vertebral circulation of conscious dogs. AB - 1. Seven conscious dogs received arginine-vasopressin infusions (100 and 1000 fmol min--1 kg--1) through catheters implanted in the left vertebral artery or the inferior vena cava while arterial pressure, cardiac output (electromagnetic flowmeter) and heart rate were measured. 2. Despite similar increases in plasma vasopressin concentrations, intravertebral administration induced a lesser increase in mean arterial pressure and a greater decrease in heart rate than the same infusion given intravenously. 3. These results suggest that vasopressin has an effect on structures of the central nervous system involved in cardiovascular control, possibly by affecting the baroreceptor reflex. PMID- 7261557 TI - 'Metabolic pool' and the use of 15N-labelled amino acids. PMID- 7261558 TI - Why do research? PMID- 7261559 TI - Advice from a not so young medical scientist. PMID- 7261561 TI - Perioperative hematologic and oncologic problems. PMID- 7261562 TI - The air national guard needs you! PMID- 7261560 TI - Leptospirosis in a traveler from Honduras. PMID- 7261563 TI - GMENAC forecasts 38% increase in number of otolaryngologists by 1990 and says that's about right-but is it? PMID- 7261564 TI - Total joint arthroplasty of the large joints of the upper extremities as relief for degenerative and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7261565 TI - Infective tricuspid valve endocarditis associated with a secundum type atrial septal defect. PMID- 7261566 TI - [Cerebral ischemic vasculopathy: clinical and thermographic study in patients treated with papaveroline]. PMID- 7261567 TI - [General principles of antibiotic therapy in infectious diseases in the aged]. PMID- 7261568 TI - [Co-existence of HBeAg and anti-HBe in a subject with prolonged hepatitis B]. PMID- 7261569 TI - The estimation of prevalence for the evaluation of a screening program. PMID- 7261570 TI - A control system model of renal blood flow regulation. PMID- 7261571 TI - Television-based densitometric analysis of proteins separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7261572 TI - A generalized iterative record linkage computer system for use in medical follow up studies. PMID- 7261573 TI - A practical microcomputer-based mapping system for body surface, precordium, and epicardium. PMID- 7261574 TI - An efficient algorithm for waveform analysis using the correlation coefficient. PMID- 7261575 TI - Affect, impulse and psychosis in borderline disorders: a validation study. PMID- 7261576 TI - Hostility conflict and the effect of chlordiazepoxide on change in hostility level. PMID- 7261577 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy in acute delirious states. PMID- 7261578 TI - Psychiatric serialism. PMID- 7261579 TI - Perceptions of dangerousness among forensic psychiatrists. PMID- 7261580 TI - The revolving door patient. PMID- 7261581 TI - Cancer and mental illness. PMID- 7261582 TI - Treatment response in psychiatrically impaired drug abusers. PMID- 7261583 TI - Psychiatric patients in research: protecting their autonomy. PMID- 7261585 TI - Maternal rejection and children's intensity. Implications for sex differences in affective development. AB - The interaction between intensity and activity of children and their mothers' rejective attitude is studied. It appears that hostile mothers fault their daughters for their intensity in a much more direct manner than their sons. It is suggested that this differential attitude is of consequence in the development of women and men in our society. PMID- 7261584 TI - Depression in narcotic addicts--a prospective study with a five-year follow-up. PMID- 7261586 TI - [Works of a schizophrenic composer based on a 13-year catamnestic examination]. AB - In the period of acute psychosis the musical compositions were characterized by 'hiatus discursivitatis' and a partial absoluteness, whereas the works of the chronic period are characterized by a sterile, dreary style. The patient's musical compositions and the stagnation they express correspond to his deficient way of living, i.e. his open limitation. The examination of the compositions enriches the psychopathology of creativity with a new dimension: the quality of time inherent in musical works provides a deeper in sight into the creative existence of the patient than the products of visual arts often examined. PMID- 7261587 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the horse. AB - Depression of the cardiopulmonary system of the horse during anesthesia is not an uncommon event. In many situations simple approaches for improving the function of the horse are necessary to avoid loss of life. This study has been completed utilizing an anesthetic approach frequently used in horses and a cardioresuscitative technique which can be utilized by the practicing veterinarian. Severe depression to arrest were produced experimentally and each animal was resuscitated through support of ventilation and circulation. PMID- 7261588 TI - Biomicroscopic and histologic pathology of the eye in riboflavin deficient rainbow trout (Salmogairdneri). AB - Quadruplicate lots of 35 fingerling rainbow trout (mean body weight 11.2 g) were fed for 20 weeks a complete diet or one deficient in riboflavin. Five fish from each low were examined for ocular lesions each week. At the end of the experiment eyes of three fish form each lot were examined histologically. Beginning with the 14th week, epithelial changes were present in the cornea; they appeared as thickening of the stroma and endothelium and resulted in clouding. Opacity of the lens originated in the posterior subcapsular cortex and progressed to lens fiber autolysis and liquefaction. PMID- 7261589 TI - Biochemical changes in equine erythrocytes during experimental regenerative anemia. AB - Hemolytic or blood loss anemia was induce in six ponies and red blood cell concentrations of creatine, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were measured during the ensuing regenerative period. Creatine and G-6-PD levels correlated well and increased concentration of either was good indication of increased erythrogenesis. Erythrocyte LDH levels were of value in assessing the response to hemolytic anemia but not to blood loss anemia. The difference may be, at least in part, the result of differing degrees of regenerative effort seen in the two experimental groups. Red cell AST concentrations fluctuated markedly and were of no value in assessing the anemia in either group. PMID- 7261590 TI - D-xylose absorption in the adult bovine. AB - A D-xylose absorption curve was determined on 10 apparently healthy adult cows. The D-xylose was placed directly into the abomasum by abomasocentesis. Various doses of D-xylose were placed in the abomasum of cows with rumen fistula to determine the most useful dose. By giving 0.5 gm of D-xylose per dg of body weight, a blood level was produced that peaked around 90 minutes at 13.8 +/- 3 mg/di. The technique for abomasal centesis was developed by first using embalmed cows and then cows with rumen fistulae. PMID- 7261591 TI - Bilateral lower palpebral demodicosis in a dairy cow. AB - A registered 3 year old Guernsey heifer, recently fresh, was examined for sudden appearance of diffuse, firm swelling beneath both eyes. Vital signs and physical examination were within normal limits; no lymphadenopathy was present. Biopsy revealed a chronic eosinophilic granulomatous cellulitis and degenerate Demodex bovis. the lesions selfresolved within three months. PMID- 7261593 TI - Incidence rates of cystic follicles in Holstein cows according to 15-day and 30 day intervals. AB - Cystic ovarian follicles occurred in 198 out of 1599 (12.4%) Ontario Holstein lactations. These occurrences were grouped by date of diagnosis into 15-day and 30-day intervals after calving, and only open cows were considered. The incidence rates for the 15-day intervals form zero to 150 days of lactation varied form 0.2% to 3.5%; the highest rate was 31 to 45 days. The incidence rates for the 30 day intervals from zero to 210 days of lactation varied form 1.4% to 6.8%, depending on the method of calculating the denominator of the rate. The consistently highest 30-day rate was at 31 to 60 days (4.7% or 4.8%). PMID- 7261592 TI - Experimental rabies in cats: immune response and persistence of immunity. AB - Experimental rabies was studied in cats under defined conditions. A correlation between the virus dosage and the incubation period was established and results were compared with those published previously by others. the susceptibility of cats to rabies virus appears to be paradoxical. The persistence of the immunity induced by an inactivated rabies vaccine prepared form cell culture-propagated virus used in combination with feline panleukopenia vaccine, with or without adjuvant, was studied through severe virulent virus challenge. Complete protection was observed after more than 3 years following a single vaccination. A proposed vaccination schedule is discussed. PMID- 7261594 TI - Bovine onchocerciasis in Tompkins country, New York. PMID- 7261595 TI - Precursors of atherosclerosis in schoolchildren. AB - In a longitudinal study, the authors examined all the pupils 12-14 years of age in two schools at Kutna (Central Bohemian Region). Serum cholesterol (CH), triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), blood pressure and pulse rate were determined in 279 children (129 boys and 150 girls). Almost 2% of the children had blood pressure levels of 135/80 mmHg (18/10.6 kPa) or higher. 11% of the boys and 9% of the girls had a total serum cholesterol level higher than 5.17 mmol/l (200 mg %), and in 3% of the children it even exceeded 5.68 mmol/l (220 mg %). Hypertriglyceridaemia (1.4 mmol/l = 100 mg %) was found in 7% of the boys and 6 % of the girls. Mean LDL/CH and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratios were significantly higher in the group of hypercholesterolaemic children than in those with low total cholesterol. The study confirms that abnormal lipids, lipoproteins and blood pressure values may be present already in early life. About one-third of the children of the studied population carry at least one of the factors recognized as predictors of diseases due to atherosclerosis in adults. PMID- 7261596 TI - [Decreasing blood pressure in essential hypertension with physical training]. AB - Eighty-eight patients with the stage 1 hypertension according to the WHO classification exercised on a bicycle ergometer for 30 min daily at the heart rate 130-140 beats/min for 28 days. In 42% of the patients the systolic pressure at rest, during exercise, and in the recovery period decreased significantly; in 58% of them the systolic pressure did not sink. The diastolic pressure during exercise sank in those patients whose systolic pressure was reduced by the effect of the exercise, whereas in those patients who did not respond to exercise by a reduction of the systolic pressure, the diastolic pressure did not change, either. The following indicators differentiated the responders and non-responders to exercise: height of systolic pressure during exercise and recovery period, height of diastolic pressure at rest, disturbed glycide metabolism, presence of hypertension in the family history, sports in anamnesis and cardiac index. PMID- 7261597 TI - Standardized Minnesota coding of electrocardiographic findings for purposes of cooperative research on ischaemic heart disease. AB - For purposes of cooperative research on multifactorial prevention of ischaemic heart disease, a standardization system was elaborated in the USSR for classification of ECG findings according to the Minnesota code. The system includes instruction about the coding rules, experimental coding, analysis of faulty codings, and finally a control test consisting in encoding several series of 200 ECG findings each. For assessing the encoder's qualification the criterion was accepted of less than 20% cases of discordance with the standard code of "ischaemic" ECG changes. It was found that after the initial instructive course it was necessary to gain experience with encoding at least 1 000 ECG to qualify the candidate for the specified expert level. The necessity is emphasized of continual surveillance of the quality of ECG classification by the encoders in different centres, and the possibility of reaching a satisfactory level of unification is declared. PMID- 7261598 TI - Impedance cardiography in normal children. AB - Cardiac output, cardiac index (cardiac output/body surface) and stroke volume were investigated in 20 normal children by means of impedance cardiography. Significant differences were found in the mean values of cardiac output and cardiac index between both sexes, as well as in means of cardiac index between younger and older children. The obtained data generally agreed with the results of other investigators performing the examination by using the same technique and other methods. PMID- 7261599 TI - Congenital absence of the pulmonary valve associated with ventricular septal defect. AB - The authors describe 5 cases of an unusual variant of tetralogy of Fallot with a characteristic clinical course. Its most prominent clinical manifestations are recurrent and severe respiratory infections caused by compression of the inferior trachea and bronchi by a dilated pulmonary artery. Two of the patients died of irreversible respiratory insufficiency. Of the 3 surviving patients one is doing comparatively well. PMID- 7261600 TI - Hypoplastic intrapulmonary vascular system with multiple peripheral stenosis of the pulmonary artery. AB - A case history is reported of a nine-years-old girl with a hypoplastic intrapulmonary vascular system and with multiple peripheral stenoses of the pulmonary artery. The clinical, laboratory, and X-ray symptoms of peripheral stenoses of the pulmonary artery are described. The haemodynamic effects of peripheral stenoses of the pulmonary artery on the pressure tracing recorded from the pulmonary artery trunk are analyzed. For an exact diagnosis, angiocardiographic examination is the best informative method. PMID- 7261602 TI - Permanent atrial standstill. AB - A patient is described in whom dizzy spells and cardiovascular syncope occurred due to a tachycardia - bradycardia syndrome over a period of ten years. Eventually permanent atrial standstill developed, characterized by a slow supraventricular rhythm without "P" wave activity, absence of "a" wave in jugular venous pulse, immobility of the atria on fluoroscopy and refractoriness to electrical atrial stimuli. The etiology of atrial paralysis in this case remains unknown; the etiopathogenesis of this rare disorder is discussed. Since "on demand" ventricular pacemaker insertion the patient has been well and his exercise tolerance has significantly increased. PMID- 7261601 TI - Noninvasive approach to classifying the W-P-W picture. A review. PMID- 7261603 TI - Effects of hydrocortisone sodium succinate on the electrophysiological properties of hypoxic rabbit papillary muscle. AB - Hydrocortisone sodium succinate (HSS) (50 mg/1) was tested as a protective agent against the effects of hypoxia on rabbit papillary muscle fibres. No effect of HSS was observed on the electrophysiological variables studied in aerobic condition. Hypoxia (65-75 mmHg, 8.66-10.0 kPa) had no effects on the resting potential, amplitude and overshoot, and shortened the action potential at 0 and 60 mV levels of repolarization. In the presence of HSS the resting potential, amplitude and overshoot were also unaffected by the hypoxic condition. However, when measured at -60 mV level the changes on the repolarization phase after 15 and 60 minutes of hypoxia were significantly reduced, 14% and 24% respectively (p less than 0.001) as compared with the values obtained in the series without HSS. PMID- 7261604 TI - Patient registration in a cooperative oncology group. AB - Patient registration in a cooperative oncology group refers to the process by which a patient diagnosed at a member institution of the group is entered into the groups records for a selected clinical trial and, where applicable, is issued a random treatment assignment. Patient registration in a cooperative oncology group should not be limited to the routine clerical activities of compiling lists of patients entered on studies and supplying random numbers for treatment assignments. After background material on cooperative oncology groups and statistical issues are presented, the objectives of patient registration are defined to include initiation of data collection, randomization of patients, quality control (enforcing protocol adherence, reduction of bias, suggestion of needed protocol amendments, and evaluation of institutional performance), and planning future clinical trials (providing estimates of patient accrual and providing advice on registration matters). Various administrative procedures found useful in fulfilling these objectives for both randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials that are neither single nor double blind are presented . Foremost among these are the creation of a centralized patient registration staff employing extended telephone registration and a monitoring of patient registration activities through a monthly report system. PMID- 7261605 TI - Sample sizes for long-term medical trial with time-dependent dropout and event rates. AB - A general model is formulated that allows for time-dependent dropout and event rates in the determination of sample sizes for long-term medical trials when a therapy group and a control group are to be compared. The need for time-dependent event (dropout) rate is illustrated by using the Framingham Heart Study Mortality data to estimate sample size for the NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). A further generalization of the model allows for participants who drop out of the control group (e.g., because of therapeutic measures prescribed by their own physicians) to return (or not return) to the control group at a later date. The question of unequal sample sizes for the therapy and the control groups is also discussed. PMID- 7261606 TI - Perceptions of the coordinating center: foreword. AB - The relationships between the coordinating center of a clinical trial and its participants are discussed from a viewpoint of the principal investigator, the clinic coordinator, the project officer, the advisory board and the external site visitor. These perceptions of the coordinating center stress the need for cooperation, proper management of the clinical trial by the coordinating center, proper internal management of the coordinating center, and external monitoring of the coordinating center operations. PMID- 7261607 TI - Perceptions of the coordinating center: as viewed by the principal investigators. PMID- 7261608 TI - Perceptions of the coordinating center: as viewed by a clinic coordinator. AB - A clinical center's major responsibility is to collect data from and achieve adherence to the study's treatment from patients who do not have to participate. The coordinator of a clinical center needs support from the coordinating center in achieving these goals with the following: (1) Simple, concise forms with which to work, (2) well organized and conducted training sessions, (3) computer programs that do not generate needless edit statements, (4) coordinating center involvement in patient participation through understanding of clinical problems and encouragement of clinical personnel, (5) leadership in the coordination of efforts of the clinics in a positive, friendly way, and (6) the right to work together with the coordinating center, not for it. PMID- 7261609 TI - Perceptions of the coordinating center: as viewed by a project officer. AB - From the perspective of the project office of the multicenter, international Lipid Research Clinics Program, some salient points in evaluating a coordinating center are discussed: assessment of its needs, appraisal of its quality-control methods, determination of the appropriate balance between active/passive participation in the study, judgment of its communication skills, and estimation of its ability to enhance data analysis and publication of research results. PMID- 7261610 TI - Perceptions of the coordinating center: as viewed by an advisory board. AB - As an advisory group appointed by and directly accountable to the sponsoring agency, the advisory board has a unique relationship with the coordinating center. The coordinating center provides the data and analyses by which the board assesses progress and monitors safety of a trial. Although assessment of quality of performance of the units of the study is the direct concern of the coordinating center, corrective measures frequently become advisory board matters. Ideally, the relationship between the coordinating center and the advisory board is one of mutual trust and support in pursuit of the goal of a trial that is planned carefully, conducted with tight control of performance and safety, and reported accurately to the appropriate professional groups. PMID- 7261612 TI - Clinical trials and data integrity. PMID- 7261611 TI - Perceptions of the coordinating center: as viewed by a site visitor. AB - The evaluation of a coordinating center by a site visitor requires understanding the nature of the tasks for the particular project being coordinated, appraisal of performance, discovery of the coordinating center's self-assessment, evaluation of the competence within the center and consideration of causes for any inadequacies present. The crux of the evaluation lies in assessing the ways in which major decisions are reached and the abilities to recognize and to utilize the expertise required for reaching sound decisions. PMID- 7261613 TI - A model for the development, conduct, and monitoring of multicenter clinical trials in the Veterans Administration. AB - In the past 20-30 years, increased interest on the part of biostatisticians and medical investigators has been exhibited in clinical trial research. In the mid 1940's, the Veterans Administration Hospital system was recognized as an ideal environment for the conduct of multicenter clinical trials, with the initiation of a study to determine the effectiveness of chemotherapy in the treatment of tuberculosis, in a joint effort with the United States Armed Forces. This research effort later evolved into what is presently known as the Cooperative Studies Program of the Medical Research Service. Within the past seven years, this program has undergone considerable growth and reorganization. This paper describes a system for the review, operation, and conduct of multicenter clinical research in a wide variety of medical specialty areas. In particular, it stresses the importance of core biostatistical coordinating centres where biostatisticians and other key support personnel constitute an integral part of the planning and development, implementation, conduct, and reporting of many cooperative studies in diverse disciplines. The paper also describes the interaction of various review bodies and a check and balance system to promote sound management and opportunity for the exchange of clinical and biostatistical methodology in the cooperative study setting. PMID- 7261614 TI - Some operational aspects of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Studies Program from 1972 to 1979. AB - The Cooperative Studies Program of the Veterans Administration Medical Research Service exists to encourage the development and to assist in the conduct and coordination of multicenter clinical trials in the Veterans Administration health care system. The backbone of the Program consists of four statistical and administrative coordinating centers and a clinical research pharmacy coordinating center. During the period 1972-1979 the Program has undergone considerable growth and reorganization. This paper relates some operational aspects and statistics of the Program during this period. Of 128 applications for funds to plan a cooperative study, approximately 75% reached the planning stage, 70% resulted in completed protocols reviewed by a central evaluation committee, 50% were approved and funded, and 45% resulted in a successfully completed study. The typical VA cooperative study is a prospective, fixed sample, randomized, controlled therapeutic trial having two to four treatment arms, three to ten participating centers, 100-600 patients and lasting one to six years. The largest numbers of studies have been conducted in the cardiovascular, psychiatric, and gastrointestinal diseases. Costs of these studies are also considered. PMID- 7261615 TI - Some adaptive strategies for inadequate sample acquisition in veterans administration cooperative clinical trials. AB - A major concern of any clinical trial is being able to recruit sufficient patients of the proper type so that reliable answers can be obtained for the hypotheses being tested. This article considers patient recruitment in seven VA cooperative studies and the adaptive strategies used for inadequate sample acquisition. These strategies are: (1) the re-evaluation of the required sample size; (2) the addition of new hospitals; (3) the replacement of poor recruiting hospitals; (4) the extension of the patient intake period; and (5) the modification of the patient exclusion-inclusion criteria. When there is no expectation of achieving the required sample size in a reasonable time, the study is terminated. Although each of the five strategies will increase the likelihood of successfully completing a study should a recruitment problem occur, preventing these problems from occurring should be a major concern during the planning of a study. PMID- 7261616 TI - Toward more definitive clinical trials. AB - The randomized clinical trial is an essential evaluation tool in the health care field. Unfortunately, the majority of trials performed have too few patients to reach a conclusion regarding the treatments under study. In many instances, the multicenter trial represents the only way to obtain the necessary numbers. Such trials are difficult to organize and costly to carry out, but they have strengths not found in the ordinary single center trial. The multiplicity of disciplines required usually leads to better design and more careful execution than can be achieved with the resources of a single center. The heterogeneity of the population and multiplicity of clinics applying the study treatments provide a more realistic test of the therapies in question than is possible in a single clinic. Sponsors of trials need to stimulate more research into the methodology of multicenter trials, including investigation of the methods of organizing and carrying out such trials in a cost-effective manner. In addition, a communications network should be developed to promote the field of clinical trials as a discipline and to facilitate the identification and dissemination of information on their design and conduct. PMID- 7261617 TI - Sorting out the doctor's bag. PMID- 7261618 TI - The conduct and principles of randomized clinical trials. AB - Some of the guiding principles as well as the pitfall of long-term randomized clinical trials are presented. Examples have been chosen from trials in the cardiovascular field. A typical long-term clinical trial is divided into five phases: planning, preparation, recruitment, clinical follow-up and termination, and finally analysis. Administrative, legal, and ethical aspects of a trial are discussed, as well as the cost of clinical trials. Organization patterns are described and some prevalent ones are criticized. Further, practical matters such as recruitment techniques, obtaining informed consent from the patients, determining drug dosage and formulation as well as the problem of interaction with nonstudy drugs are referred to. Adherence testing remains a problem, because of our inability to test for placebo adherence. PMID- 7261619 TI - Randomized clinical trials: why not? PMID- 7261621 TI - Patient recruitment techniques in clinical trials. AB - Recruitment is never easy, but insurmountable difficulties may arise if this problem is not addressed during the planning phase. Preparation for recruitment must then be started long before the study actually begins. These preparations include building local interest in the participating hospital, visiting local hospitals and medical groups, and informing the general public when feasible. As active recruitment begins, access to the study must be kept open and logistical problems must be solved on a daily basis. Frequent reassessment may demonstrate a failure to maintain goals. Innovative methods for reviving the campaign must then be put in place. Above all, share all successful recruitment methods with others in the study. PMID- 7261620 TI - Organization of multicenter clinical trials. AB - The typical multicenter trial involves several clinical centers, a data center, and other specialty centers as well. A common structure for large-scale trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) involves two or three key committees. One of these is comprised exclusively of investigators from the study (steering committee) and is responsible for operation of the trial. A second committee, usually comprised of individuals not involved in the study, is responsible for overseeing the trial and providing advice to the NIH regarding the study. A third committee--sometimes part of the second committee and comprised largely of individuals not involved in the trial--is responsible for monitoring the study results for evidence of adverse or beneficial treatment effects as the trial proceeds. The organizational design of a trial may be as important as the experimental design is in the success of the trial. Attention to organizational questions at the start of the study and periodic review and revision of the structure as the trial proceeds can help identify problems before they become major impediments to progress in the trial. Such ongoing monitoring and periodic review is especially important in the long-term multicenter trial. PMID- 7261622 TI - Terminating a long-term clinical trial. AB - Long-term clinical trials often include more than one active treatment group. These may be discontinued independently if found to be ineffective or possibly harmful. Certain subgroups of patients may be discovered, in the course of a clinical trial, who do not respond satisfactorily and are, therefore, excluded during the course of a trial. Yet another kind of termination comes when we have a therapeutic breakthrough or when hope has to be abandoned for demonstrating beneficial effects for one, several, or all treatments included in a trial. Examples from the authors' experience are presented, as are successful and unsuccessful techniques in managing terminations of various types. PMID- 7261623 TI - Methods of quality control and of continuous audit procedures for controlled clinical trials. AB - The success of any cooperative clinical trial is dependent on assuring that the data collected are of good quality. This requires that an extensive and detailed program be developed for assuring good quality performance of all participating centers. Procedures for monitoring the clinical centers and procedures for monitoring or assuring quality of data handling and processing in the coordinating center, i.e., procedures for monitoring the coordinating center, are discussed. The procedures described are based on experience in the Diabetic Retinopathy Study, which is completing data collection, and a new study, the Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study, which is in the planning phase. Some of the principles will apply to any participating unit. As in all aspects of clinical trials, a quality control program requires attention to detail and careful planning and vigilance on the part of all participants. PMID- 7261624 TI - Controlled clinical trials: today's challenges for statisticians and designers. PMID- 7261625 TI - Importance of prognostic factors in the analysis of data from clinical trials. PMID- 7261626 TI - Stratification in the design of a clinical trial. PMID- 7261628 TI - Problems of repeated significance testing. PMID- 7261627 TI - Practical aspects of decision making in clinical trials: the coronary drug project as a case study. The Coronary Drug Project Research Group. AB - Arriving at a decision for early termination of a treatment group or of an entire clinical trial, due to either beneficial or adverse results, is a complex process. It may involve, among other things, the necessity to (1) determine whether the observed treatment differences are likely to represent real effects and are not due to chance; (2) weigh the importance of many different response variables, some possible trending in favor of the treatment and some against it; (3) adjust for differences in distributions of baseline characteristics among the treatment groups; (4) discern possible biases (due to the study not being double blind) in the medical management of patients or in the diagnosis of events; and (5) evaluate treatment effects in subgroups of the study participants. Experiences in the Coronary Drug Project are described in making decisions for early termination of treatment groups. Special methods applied in conjunction with reaching these decisions included: (1) analyses designed to detect possible biases in diagnosing a major endpoint--nonfatal myocardial infarction, e.g.- biases that may have arisen because of unblinding by side effects of the estrogen treatment group; (2) a simulation study to assess the statistical significance of mortality differences between the dextrothyroxine and placebo participants in certain subgroups identified a posteriori; and (3) the development, on the basis of the accumulated data, or new hypotheses relating to treatment differences in specific subgroups and the testing of these hypotheses a few months later on the basis of new events occurring during that interval. PMID- 7261630 TI - Comparison of German and American law concerning clinical trials. PMID- 7261631 TI - Legal problems of controlled clinical trials. PMID- 7261629 TI - A cooperative trial in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using clofibrate: some statistical aspects. AB - Some results of the primary prevention trial using clofibrate not published in the original report are presented. After showing that the entry characteristics of the "dropouts" in the treated group and in the main control group were similar, the emphasis is on deaths from causes other than ischaemic heart diseases in the trial and within 1 year of leaving it. Such deaths occurred no earlier, in terms of time since entry to the trial, in the clofibrate-treated group than in the main control group; they were no less frequent in those men in the treated group who were shown in the earlier report to have the greatest reduction in nonfatal myocardial infarction than in the remainder; and they showed no clear relationship with cholesterol reduction during the trial. Death rates calculated by the indirect method of age-standardization are presented and are preferred to the published rates calculated by the direct method. All men in the trial were followed to the end of 1978 to ascertain survival or cause of death. This will provide much larger numbers on many of the issues discussed here. PMID- 7261632 TI - Role of an ethicist in the conduct of clinical trials in the United States. AB - The social and ethical implications of new medical techniques and the development of community representatives in decisions regarding human research are discussed. The particular role of the ethicist and how medical experimentation is viewed from the perspective of the doctor, the patient, an the funding donor are examined. Some of the more common ethical issues occurring in medical research are treated, with particular reference to those in clinical trials. Finally, some unresolved problems in future medical research are discussed. PMID- 7261633 TI - Role of ethical guidance committees in clinical research. PMID- 7261634 TI - The ethics of informed consent. AB - Informed consent is vital to the conduct of clinical trials. The evolution of this process is reviewed. In the United States, specific steps must now be taken to assure institutional review bodies that all precautions have been taken to inform patients before they are enrolled in studies. These include (1) the procedure to be followed in the study, (2) the benefits for the individual, (3) the discomforts and risks that are reasonably expected, (4) the alternative methods of therapy, (5) the willingness of the investigator to answer inquiries, and (6) the right to refuse or to withdraw from the study without prejudice. The conditions are discussed in detail. PMID- 7261635 TI - Problems of informed consent for clinical trials in psychiatry. AB - The author begins by considering what kinds of questions should be used to establish informed consent, and particularly seeks to establish criteria for a valid consent; both for the person who asks the patient for consent, and for the person who judges the consent as a valid one. Then some variables--duration, severity and kind of illness, and type of personality--are considered that may influence consent. With regard to the discrepancy between the law and reality, it is proposed not to interpret the requirements of the law in a sense of all-or none but as a demand that must be adapted adequately in content and in time to the individual patient and that they should be embedded in the therapeutic process that is an expression of the so-called "therapeutic privilege." Finally, it is asked, what are the consequences of information and consent on the results of therapy as well as of research? The necessity of empirically based research to answer these unsolved questions is emphasized. PMID- 7261636 TI - Data editing in a clinical trial. AB - In clinical research and, particularly, in multicenter clinical trials, data are collected onto study forms designed to minimize errors in the recorded data. Nevertheless, errors of various kinds must be anticipated, and it is necessary to devise means to detect, review, and correct erroneous values. General requirements of a data editing system and methods for accomplishing these tasks are presented. A general computer program for error detection and a method for updating the data base that leaves an "audit trail" of the original data and subsequent corrections are described. PMID- 7261637 TI - Risk factor screening and intervention: a psychological/behavioral cost or a benefit? AB - Based upon the assessment of anxiety/depression and functional heart symptoms in high risk (HRS) and low risk samples (LRS) participating in clinical trials, the present study concluded that screening and intervention did not have psychological costs to the randomized sample (HRS). The results of the present study were compared to parallel studies in other clinical trials. The main conclusion was that the HRS group had less depressive symptoms than the group (LRS) that did not enter the trial. The psychological reactions to screening and intervention programs may have person-environment interactions that lead to different outcomes based upon the specific population under study. The present paper attempts to integrate the findings in the previous studies. PMID- 7261638 TI - A method for assessing the quality of a randomized control trial. AB - A system has been constructed to evaluate the design, implementation, and analysis of randomized control trials (RCT). The degree of quadruple blinding (the randomization process, the physicians and patients as to therapy, and the physicians as to ongoing results) is considered to be the most important aspect of any trial. The analytic techniques are scored with the same emphasis as is placed on the control of bias in the planning and implementation of the studies. Description of the patient and treatment materials and the measurement of various controls of quality have less weight. An index of quality of a RCT is proposed with its pros and cons. If published papers were to approximate these principles, there would be a marked improvement in the quality of randomized control trials. Finally, a reasonable standard design and conduct of trials will facilitate the interpretation of those with conflicting results and help in making valid combinations of undersized trials. PMID- 7261639 TI - Critical care problems in neonates. Colloid osmotic pressure in healthy and sick neonates. AB - Clinical usefulness of colloid osmotic pressure (COP) measurements in adults has been well established. However, data in healthy and sick neonates are sparse. The present study established the COP changes in healthy term and preterm infants and in critically ill neonates. COP in healthy term (16.9 +/- 1.9 mm Hg) and preterm (15.4 +/- 1.3) infants was significantly lower than adults (21.6 +/- 3.6). Even in sick neonates, COP correlated with gestational age (n = 78, r = 0.63, p less than 0.001 , birth weight (r = 0.58, p less than 0.001) and total protein (n = 71, r = 0.58, p less than 0.001). Critically ill preterm infants with hyaline membrane disease had the lowest COP (11.5 +/- 1.2). Administration of 10% albumin failed to increase the COP significantly. In critically ill preterm infants who survived, the COP increased during the first postnatal week, whereas in nonsurvivors COP decreased significantly to less than 10 mm Hg. PMID- 7261640 TI - Management of upper airway obstruction in the intensive care unit. AB - Three patients under observation in ICUs developed mechanical upper airway obstruction requiring surgical intervention for airway control. One patient was treated by tracheotomy placed through a vertical midline incision and 2 patients were treated by cricothyroidotomy followed by elective tracheostomy and closure of the cricothyroidotomy. The literature of acute upper airway obstruction is reviewed and recommendations made for rapid assessment and management of these patients. The importance of rapid cricothyroidotomy through a small incision in patients unresponsive to less invasive measures is emphasized. The use of a small pediatric endotracheal tube placed through the cricothyroidotomy incision is suggested as a method to increase the speed and safety of the procedure and avoid the potential long-term complication of laryngeal stricture. PMID- 7261641 TI - The effect of transcutaneous Po2 monitoring on the frequency of arterial blood gas analysis in the newborn with respiratory distress. AB - Nineteen infants with respiratory distress and indwelling arterial lines were monitored with a transcutaneous O2 (PtcO2) monitor for 24 h each. These infants were matched with comparably sick newborns not monitored with PtcO2 and cared for in the intensive care nursery within the previous 18 months. The number of arterial blood gases (ABGs) drawn in each group was examined. Results showed that in all but 1 infant, the patients who had PtcO2 monitoring also had fewer ABGs drawn. The mean number of ABGs in the PtcO2 monitored infants was 12.5 + 2.9 (SD) and the mean number of ABGs in the non-PtcO2 monitored infants was 16.2 + 2.4. The authors conclude that supplementary O2 monitoring of sick infants with PtcO2 reduces the frequency of ABG analysis. PMID- 7261642 TI - APACHE-acute physiology and chronic health evaluation: a physiologically based classification system. AB - Investigations describing the utilization pattern and documenting the value of intensive care are limited by the lack of a reliable and valid classification system. In this paper, the authors describe the development and initial validation of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE), a physiologically based classification system for measuring severity of illness in groups of critically ill patients. APACHE uses information available in the medical record. In studies on 582 admissions to a university hospital ICU and 223 admissions to a community hospital ICU, APACHE was reliable in classifying ICU admissions. In validation studies involving these 805 admissions, the acute physiology score of APACHE demonstrated consistent agreement with subsequent therapeutic effort and mortality. This was true for a broad range of patient groups using a variety of sensitivity analyses. After successful completion of multi-institutional validation studies, the APACHE classification system could be used to control for case mix, compare outcomes, evaluate new therapies, and study the utilization of ICUs. PMID- 7261643 TI - Outcome of intensive care. An application of a predictive model. AB - The development of a scoring system to estimate equivalency of illness between individuals has been undertaken. A model has been formulated to calculate probability of survival from each of 225 potential "conditions" apt to occur in patients admitted to intensive care areas. The presence or absence of each factor was noted on admission to a university hospital ICU. The relation between conditions noted in observations on a sample of patients, and survival allows assignment of a weight to each complication on the basis of which a "Condition Index Score" (CIS) or prognosis index can be objectively calculated. Potential uses of CIS are to: (1) establish objective criteria for admission to and discharge from intensive care, and for transfer to tertiary care centers; (2) compare quality of care (outcome vs. CIS) between different intensive care facilities; (3) serve as basis for multi-institutional studies concerning critically ill patients; (4) compare outcomes in groups of patients with equal CIS who are and are not treated in ICUs; and (5) establish appropriate numbers of critical care beds for any hospital or area by CIS criteria. PMID- 7261644 TI - Calculator assisted cardiorespiratory monitoring. AB - The newest card-programmable calculators are more flexible and powerful enough to process a variety of complex data, derive appropriate variables, and print the titles of the values and the results. These capabilities make the information derived from aggressive cardiorespiratory monitoring more usable, and specifically, have increased the benefits from the use of pulmonary artery catheters and techniques such as phonocardiography. A program using 800 steps and 20 memory registers and an illustration of the value of both the monitoring and calculator in ICU care are presented. PMID- 7261645 TI - Fatal neonatal thrombosis associated with a pulmonary arterial catheter. PMID- 7261646 TI - Quality assurance in repeat films. AB - The Quality Assurance Program of Walter Reed Army Medical Center is described. This program has been in effect since January 1, 1978 and is ongoing. The logical derivation of the use of the repeat film analysis as the focus of the Quality Assurance Program is described in detail. This repeat analysis procedure includes (1) the collection of all repeat and discarded film; (2) the separation of all repeat and discarded film into types according to the etiology leading to their being discarded; and (3) evaluation of radiographic artifacts to analyzed the types of artifacts, the mistakes which lead to these artifacts, and the means of eliminating the causes of these artifacts. Artifacts are categorized according to patient error, physician error, radiographer error, machine error, film screen processor error, etc. Statistics of this analysis are presented from January 1, 1978 through July 1, 1979. Pertinent examples of different types of errors are illustrated and the logical step-by-step process leading to the elimination of causes is explained in detail. PMID- 7261647 TI - Computed tomography of the temporal bone. AB - Computerized tomography (CT) is useful in otolaryngology, particularly in those patients with pathology of the posterior fossa and skull base. With the current development and improvement of CT scanners, the more detailed anatomy of the temporal bone can now be evaluated. For interpretation, detailed knowledge of the temporal bone and skull base anatomy is essential. The methodology of CT scanning of the temporal bone is presented along with a detailed description of the anatomy both in the axial and the coronal projections. A review of the current CT literature on the temporal bone is with discussion of the advantages and limitations of this diagnostic tool. PMID- 7261648 TI - Contribution of computed tomography to relative costs in the operative management of patients with renal cell carcinoma. AB - Relative costs in 14 patients undergoing operative treatment for primary renal carcinoma were anlayzed to determine the contribution of "little ticket" items relative to so-called "high technology" items, such as computed tomography (CT). The major contributing categories of cost were daily room charges, physican fees, and charges for laboratory and pharmacy. In most of the categories, a large variation was encountered, primarily due to patient and disease-related factors. CT was a minor factor in cost. PMID- 7261649 TI - Cardiophrenic angel nodes: an unusual CT finding of advanced metastatic disease. AB - Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly being used in the chest and mediastinum. In the mediastinum it is used to distinguish benign from malignant lesions, such as metastatic nodes from benign mediastinal fat deposits (1, 2). These abnormalities are usually first seen on a routine chest film. However, nodal enlargement involving the cardiophrenic angle nodes may or may not be seen on routine chest roentgenograms, depending on the size and location of the lesion. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the CT findings of advanced metastatic disease involving the cardiophrenic angle nodes. The possible clinical significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7261650 TI - Use of CT scan in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - Computed Tomography (CT) was used in evaluating five patients with abdominal aneurysms. In one case, an acute aneurysmal leak was evaluated by CT alone prior to surgery. In four cases, significant incidental diagnoses were made via CT The use of CT in evaluating aortic aneurysmal disease is discussed. PMID- 7261651 TI - Alveolar soft part sarcoma. AB - Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a neoplasm that usually presents as a slow-growing mass located in an extremity and is most often initially discovered by the patient, who then seeks medical evaluation (1, 2). Local pain or symptoms produced by metastases as the initial manifestations of this neoplasm are unusual (2). A case is presented in which CT demonstrated multiple metastases to the central nervous system that produced headaches as the first symptoms in a patient with alveolar soft part sarcoma. PMID- 7261652 TI - Associated lymphoma and abdominal aortic aneurysm demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - In a review of 260 cases of lymphoma, there were 6 patients with an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. In four cases there was surrounding abdominal lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis was established by computed tomography (CT) because of calcification in the aortic wall was visible on the scans in all 6 cases. This calcification was not sufficiently clear to permit identification of the aneurysm on plain films in three of the cases. In two cases without abdominal lymph-adenopathy, contrast-filled nodes delineated the outer margin of the wall of the aorta. PMID- 7261653 TI - Angiographic and computed tomographic correlation in cerebral venous angiomas. AB - Venous angioma of the brain is a rare congenital vascular anomaly. In the last few years there have been several reports on the angiographic appearance of this lesion, but very little has been written about the findings on computed tomography (CT). Angiographically, the arterial phase is normal, while the capillary phase might demonstrate a blush. The major abnormality is the venous phase, where multiple dilated medullary veins converge centrally into a large drainage vein. The two cases presented here correlate the angiographic and CT appearances. It is felt that, with a knowledge of these findings, an accurate diagnosis of this condition can usually be reached. PMID- 7261654 TI - Transverse sinus anomaly simulating a meningioma on CT scanning. AB - A rare, anomalously dilated right transverse sinus with involvement of the torcular herophili strongly suggested the appearance of a meningioma on CT scanning. Carotid and vertebral arteriography did not reveal the nature of the abnormality, since there was only faint opacification of the anomalous vessel, which was interpreted as a faint tumor stain. Transjugular venography was necessary to establish this diagnosis. When a similar lesion is encountered on CT scanning and the transverse sinus is not clearly seen on arteriography, venography should be carried out to determine if the appearance is due to occlusion by a mass or, as in this case, anomalous dilatation of the sinus. PMID- 7261655 TI - The value of CT in malignant colonic tumors. AB - Fifty-five patients with malignant colonic tumors were reviewed, and the CT findings were analyzed, as well as two cases of carcinoid tumors of the terminal ileum. There is increased incidence of recurrence in patients under 60 years of age, and 22% of local recurrences occurred 5 years or later after "curative" surgery. A local recurrence alone was found in 44% of patients, distant metastases alone in 10%, and concomitant local recurrence and distant spread in 46%. Three-quarters of the locally recurrent masses were infiltrative and one quarter were non-infiltrative. The important infiltrative elements included bone erosion, and 45% of those with bladder infiltration had distant metastases. The finding of hydronephrosis was associated with the presence of a local recurrence mass in all instances, and half of these cases had regional lymphadenopathy with local infiltration. Furthermore, 60% of patients demonstrating hydronephrosis had distant metastases. The most commonly involved organs in distant metastatic spread were the liver and lungs There was a higher incidence of lymphadenopathy associated with pulmonary metastases than with hepatic deposits, which could possibly indicate different routes of spread. CT was found to be particularly helpful in detecting clinically occult recurrent disease. In clinically apparent disease, CT was able to assess the extent of the disease process and it also played a role in the practical therapeutic management of patients. PMID- 7261656 TI - The IIIA1b right aortic arch: angiographic and computed tomographic evaluation. AB - A case of type IIIA1b mirror-image right aortic arch is described and the complementary role of angiography and computed tomography suggested. PMID- 7261657 TI - Tumor calcification after radiotherapy demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - Tumor ossification or calcification occurring after radiotherapy was shown by computed tomography (CT) in three cases. In both the case within the abdomen and that within the pelvis these changes were also apparent on plain films, but in the third case, involving the nasopharynx, no evidence of calcification was seen without CT. In the two cases of carcinoma, ossification or calcification indicated resolution, but in the case of lymphoma these changes were accompanied by rapid recurrence in adjacent tissue. PMID- 7261658 TI - Commercial pharmaceutical medicine and medicalization: a case study from El Salvador. AB - This study illustrates the impact of prepackaged pharmaceutical products, usually manufactured by multinational firms, on the health care sector of developing market economies. In many Third World countries Western biomedical practitioners do not exercise the degree of control over the use of one of their major healing resources, prescription medications, that is characteristic in most Western developed countries. Instead, these products have become integrated into healing strategies of alternative medical practitioners, giving rise to a popular sector of medical care, here termed to commercial pharmaceutical sector. In this context a form and process of medicalization has taken place which is only tangentially related to the presence of Western biomedical practitioners. A dependence has been created on a particular form of therapy, Western manufactured drug products, as well as on the agents and institutions that make the products available, that has produced cultural, social and clinical forms of commerciogenesis. These general propositions are examined in a case study of the impact of the pharmaceutical invasion of the health care sector in a Central American town. PMID- 7261659 TI - Prophets and advisors in black spiritual churches: therapy, palliative, or opiate? AB - This paper examines a variant of Black ethnomedicine in urban areas, namely the complex of prophets and advisors found within the Spiritual movement. Based upon fieldwork among Spiritual churches in several cities and intensive interviews with Spiritual mediums in Nashville, Tennessee, attention is given to the form of folk psychotherapy that these prophets and advisors provide the members of their congregations as well as other individuals. Although it is argued that the complex of mediums in Black Spiritual churches provides an important coping mechanism for certain Blacks, it is important, particularly in light of the recent interest in a cooperative relationship between indigeneous healers and representatives of cosmopolitan medicine, to note that the solutions provided by these therapists may tend to deflect attention from recognizing that the problems of their clients often emanate from the stratified and racist nature of American society. PMID- 7261660 TI - Saladerra - a culture-bound misfortune syndrome in the Peruvian Amazon. AB - As the result of a field study of an urban, Mestizo spiritualist healer in the Peruvian Amazon, the author presents data on a new, culture-bound disorder, called saladerra. Characterized by an acute anxiety reaction with little or no somatization, the syndrome is perceived by patients to take the form of constant and continuing misfortune and bad luck. The paper presents a clinical description of saladerra, examines folkloric references to the origin of the complex, discusses the epidemiological significance of the syndrome, and sets it occurrence within the context of changing urbanization. Case histories of ten patients treated by one folk healer are presented in detail. Aspects of the spiritualist belief system, Septrionismo, used by the healer to treat the disorder are described, as well as his specific therapeutic modalities. PMID- 7261661 TI - Sulphinpyrazone and myocardial infarction. PMID- 7261662 TI - Measurement of gastro-oesophageal reflux after antacid administration using a perfusion technique. AB - A study was carried out to measure gastro-oesophageal reflux in 6 asymptomatic and 9 heartburn subjects using a perfusion technique. Subjects swallowed a multi lumen tube and the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was measured. A phenol red solution was then infused through it into the stomach for 90 minutes whilst the oesophagus was aspirated continuously. The quantity of phenol red in oesophageal and gastric aspirates over 10-minutes periods was measured. In the heartburn subjects reflux was 1.27 +/- 0.37 ml/min and in the control subjects 0.23 +/- 0.07 ml/min, (p = 0.02). After 10 ml of an antacid combination, reflux in heartburn subjects was reduced to 0.59 +/- 0.18 ml/min and 0.68 +/- 0.16 ml/min in the second and third 30-minute period. Sphincter pressures increased from 8.9 to 11.8 mmHg. Control subjects showed little change in sphincter pressure or reflux after the antacid. Serum gastrin and secretin levels did not change in either group. This technique enables gastro-oesophageal flow rates to be easily measured. The results suggest that antacid administration tends to normalize lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and gastro-oesophageal reflux in patients with heartburn. PMID- 7261663 TI - The use of topical thrombin to reduce wound haematoma in patients receiving low dose heparin. AB - The efficacy of topical thrombin in prevention of wound haematoma in patients receiving subcutaneous low-dose heparin was studied in a randomized, controlled trial. One hundred and two patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were included in the trial. Haematological studies were carried out in the last 42 patients to determine whether introduction of thrombin into the wound resulted in any systemic effect via the coagulation pathways. The frequency of post-operative wound haematoma was significantly lower in the thrombin-treated group as compared to the control group and its action appeared to be independent of any change in coagulation parameters. PMID- 7261664 TI - A study of potential skin atrophy following topical application of weak corticosteroids. AB - A double-blind, half-side comparative dermal atrophy study of fluocortin butylester 0.75% clobetasone butyrate 0.05%, hydrocortisone acetate 1% and placebo creams was carried out in 29 healthy human male volunteers. Skin thickness was measured by a modified radiographic technique before and after an 8 week application period of the test preparations. Significant skin thinning occurred in 3 of the 10 subjects treated with clobetasone butyrate and atrophy of marginal significance in 1 of the 29 subjects treated with fluocortin butylester. The results suggest that, compared with other fluorinated topical steroids, fluocortin butylester 0.75% is unlikely to produce significant dermal atrophy when used in the short and medium term. PMID- 7261665 TI - A randomized comparison between sulindac and ibuprofen in osteoarthritis of the aged. AB - Thirty-two elderly patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis predominantly of the hip and/or knee joints were randomly treated on an open basis for 12 weeks with either 400 mg sulindac or 1200 mg ibuprofen per day. Clinical assessments were made before and after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks of treatment, of disease activity, weight bearing pain, and pain on active and passive movement. Objective measurements were also made of duration of inactivity stiffness, knee flexion and hip abduction. The results showed that there was significant symptomatic improvement after treatment in the patients in both groups and that, apart from night pain, the differences between the groups in the subjective parameters at Week 12 were significant in favour of sulindac. Overall assessment of response to treatment also showed a significant preference for sulindac by patients and physician. Sulindac and ibuprofen were well-tolerated during the trial period, although 1 patient on sulindac had to be withdrawn because of a skin rash. PMID- 7261666 TI - Lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure. PMID- 7261667 TI - Hepatic trauma. PMID- 7261668 TI - Apudomas. PMID- 7261670 TI - On taking care of people. PMID- 7261669 TI - Cutaneous reactions to petrolatum. PMID- 7261671 TI - Toxic shock syndrome. Possible confusion with Kawasaki's disease. AB - Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a recently recognized condition associated with toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Patients affected with this syndrome are frequently young and have multisystemic complaints such as fever, headache, edema, myalgia, scarlatiniform rash, conjunctival injection, confusion, diarrhea, oliguria, hypotension and shock, This is followed by desquamation of the skin, especially the palms and soles. The majority of cases reported have been in menstruating women who used vaginal tampons regularly. Because similarities exist between toxic shock syndrome and Kawasaki's disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome), as well as other conditions, proper diagnosis and management are of the utmost importance. PMID- 7261672 TI - Perforating porokeratosis of Mibelli. AB - A case of perforating porokeratosis of Mibelli is presented. Clinically, the lesion was typical for porokeratosis of Mibelli. Nothing suggested a perforating disorder. Histologic examination revealed a well-developed cornoid lamella, and other histologic features typical of porokeratosis. A breach in the basal cell layer beneath the cornoid lamella resulted in transepithelial elimination of an amorphous material which on special stains proved to be collagen. PMID- 7261673 TI - Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis in a black patient. PMID- 7261674 TI - Scleromyxedema associated with esophageal aperistalsis and dermal eosinophilia. AB - Scleromyxedema (generalized lichen myxedematosus) is a rare variant of papular mucinosis characterized clinically by generalized waxy papules and marked cutaneous induration. Histologically, there is fibromucinous infiltration of the superficial dermis. Most patients also have had a monoclonal serum protein of cathodal mobility. The case to be presented is remarkable for the following reasons: 1. the presence of esophageal aperistalsis; 2. the presence of prominent dermal eosinophilia; and 3. the absence of a serum monoclonal paraprotein. PMID- 7261675 TI - Mechanism of action of iontophoresis in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. AB - Sweat glands from the palm of a patient with hyperhidrosis were examined by light and electron microscopy before and after treatment with tap water iontophoresis. No changes in structure were noted after treatment, disclaiming the currently accepted theory that mechanical ductal obstruction is the mechanism of action of this method. Furthermore, we believe the safety and effectiveness of this treatment are supported by our experience. PMID- 7261676 TI - Tinea nigra palmaris et plantaris. PMID- 7261677 TI - Annular vesicular lupus erythematosus. AB - Disseminated cutaneous lupus erythematosus is a recently defined variant of lupus erythematosus. It presents as migratory areas of annular erythema, but lacks the atrophy, scarring, and follicular plugging associated with discoid lupus erythematosus. The clinical manifestations of this disease fall somewhere in between those associated with classic discoid lupus erythematosus and those associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. A case of disseminated cutaneous lupus erythematosus occurring in a 91-year-old woman is presented. This patient developed areas of subepidermal cleavage resulting in clinically apparent flat vesiculation with subsequent crusting and erosion. Lupus erythematosus must be considered in the differential diagnosis of migratory annular erythema with or without vesiculation. PMID- 7261678 TI - Specific karyotypic alterations in colchicine-resistant cells. AB - Djungarian hamster and mouse L-53 cell lines with 150--200-fold increases in resistance to colchicine contained marker chromosomes with a long homogeneously staining region (HSR). In two clones of Djungarian hamster cells, an HSR was located in the long arm of chromosome 4; in another Djungarian hamster cell line and in mouse L-53 cells, and HSR was located in unidentified marker chromosomes. During cultivation in colchicine free medium these cells lost their resistance at the rate of 2--3 x 10(-2) cells per population doubling. The loss of resistance was accompanied by the disappearance of the HSR and emergence of possible double minutes (dmins). These observations suggest that colchicine-resistance is the result of gene amplification and support the idea that dmins may be derived from the HSR in these systems. PMID- 7261679 TI - Factors affecting the sensitivity of rabbit lymphoid and bone marrow cells to Streptonigrin-induced chromosome aberrations. AB - In previous cytogenetic studies of rabbits injected with the clastogen, streptonigrin (SN), we observed a higher incidence of chromosome aberrations in lymph node cells than in marrow cells recovered 6 h after treatment. In this study we examined several factors that may be responsible for this difference in the incidence of lesions. Results from SN pulse-treated lymphoid and marrow cultures demonstrated that the responses were different in vitro also. In addition, at higher doses of SN, lymphoid cells displayed a greater sensitivity to the drug when treated during DNA synthesis; marrow cells showed no differences in sensitivity throughout the cell cycle. Analysis of the percentage of lymph node and marrow metaphases labeled following 2, 4, or 6 h of culture in the presence of tritiated thymidine indicated that G2 was less than 2 h in lymph node cells and approximately 4 hr in marrow cells. From these data we conclude that the difference in the incidence of lesions 6 hr after an in vivo SN exposure. However, our data also indicate that lymph node cells are innately more sensitive to the induction of lesions than are marrow cells. PMID- 7261680 TI - A complex four-break rearrangement between chromosomes 4 and 13 resulting in a recombinant chromosome 4. AB - A complex four-break rearrangement between chromosomes 4 and 13 was ascertained in a 10-year-old mentally retarded girl. The rearrangement was inherited from the phenotypically normal mother, who had an inverted insertion of part of the long arm of chromosome 4 into the long arm of 13 and, in addition, a pericentric inversion of the deleted 4. Meiotic crossing-over between the normal and the inverted 4 resulted in a recombinant chromosome 4, which was inherited by the proband, together with the 13/4 insertion. In this way the proband became monosomic for 4q35 leads to qter and trisomic for 4pter leads to 4p15, but she showed only minor physical malformations, as compared with other reports on the trisomy 4p syndrome. The cytogenetic findings are difficult to describe using the ISCN nomenclature. PMID- 7261681 TI - Localization and metabolic activity of ribosomal genes in Chinese hamster meiotic and mitotic chromosomes. PMID- 7261682 TI - Leukocyte chromosomes from parents of cytogenetically abnormal offspring: preliminary observations. PMID- 7261683 TI - A 53,X female sheep (Ovis aries). PMID- 7261684 TI - The fragile site at 16q22, distamycin A, and the normal pachytene structure of chromosome 16: some possible interrelationships. AB - It is possible to interpret the fragile site at 16q22 as an exaggerated expression of normal structure observed at pachytene, and to interpret the potential for such expression as a heritable trait. Exposure of cells from affected individuals to distamycin A in vitro may function to facilitate realization of this potential where the trait is not expressed spontaneously. PMID- 7261685 TI - Transfer of sisomicin to unborn and suckling guinea pigs. AB - When guinea pigs received a single intramuscular injection of sisomicin (25 mg/kg) at week 8 of pregnancy, fetal sisomicin concentration at 2 h was highest in the kidneys, followed by the plasma and the cochlea; at 4 h it was not detected in the plasma or the cochlea. When dams were treated with 25 mg/kg during weeks 1-5 of pregnancy, fetal sisomicin concentration in the kidneys was 9 times greater than in the cochlea; in 3-week-old animals, a drug concentration of 4 microgram/g was detected only in the kidneys. When dams were treated during weeks 5-9 of pregnancy, the neonatal drug concentration was highest in the kidneys and the cochlea; no plasma concentration was detected. At 3 weeks of age, the concentration was highest in the kidneys and the cochlea. When lactating dams received sisomicin, only kidneys of suckling animals contained sisomicin at 0.4 microgram/g. PMID- 7261686 TI - Tobramycin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with slightly and severely impaired blood-cerebrospinal barrier. AB - Concentrations of tobramycin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of neurosurgical and of meningitis patients were determined following systemic application of 80-mg doses. Tobramycin was detectable only in 8 tests out of 17 in CSF of 11 neurosurgical patients. The highest drug amount in CSF in these tests was 0.47 microgram/ml. In CSF of 7 meningitis patients with CSF cell counts ranging from 173/3 to 20,500/3 cells, tobramycin was detectable in all 11 determinations. However, the tobramycin level was above 1.0 microgram/ml in only one CSF sample. These results also confirm the poor penetrability of aminoglycosides through the blood-CSF barrier for tobramycin. In proven gram negative bacillary meningitis and tobramycin treatment, additional intraventricular aminoglycoside application is necessary to obtain effective levels in CSF. An exception may be treatment of neonatal meningitis. PMID- 7261687 TI - Determination of cerebrospinal fluid gentamicin in the beagle using an indwelling cerebral ventricular cannula. AB - This study compared the concentrations of gentamicin in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of young beagles. Indwelling cannulas were surgically implanted into the external jugular vein and the left lateral cerebral ventricle of two 5-month-old beagles. Gentamicin was given intravenously (10 mg/kg) and CSF and blood samples were taken. This was repeated in 1 dog three times over 42 days. CSF collected 2 weeks after cannula implantation was cytologically normal. Significant levels of gentamicin were detected in the CSF shortly after injection in the absence of inflammation. Levels persisted when inflammation was present. The use of an indwelling ventricular cannula was effective for the long-term monitoring of CSF drug levels. PMID- 7261688 TI - Comparative pharmacoclinical evaluation between talampicillin and ampicillin in urinary infections. AB - 500 mg of powdered ampicillin (AMP; activity 108%) and 325 mg of talampicillin chlorhydrate (TMP; equivalent to 200 mg ampicillin with an activity of 100%) were administered orally to two groups of 15 fasting patients selected at random. Blood samples were collected after 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h and urine samples after 1, 2, 4 and 6 h. The AMP concentrations were determined by the microbiologic method. All patients received food 1 h after the drugs administration. Urine samples wee taken daily for the bacteriologic examination. The maximum seric peak for TMP was 4.2 microgram/ml at 1/2 h and for AMP of 4.6 microgram/ml after 1 h. It was stated that TMP is absorbed more quickly than AMP and it was not affected by the presence of food. Nevertheless, no differences were observed in the results of the clinical study. PMID- 7261689 TI - The epidemiology of congenital hydrocephalus. A study in Brooklyn, N.Y. 1968- 1976. AB - In a hospital-based study of almost 174,000 total births during 1968--1976, the authors found the incidence of congenital hydrocephalus to be 66 cases per 100,000 births. There was a significantly higher frequency in children born to mothers who themselves had been born in Puerto Rico but no significant difference in incidence between whites and blacks. The influences of maternal age, previous pregnancies, socioeconomic status, temporal and other factors are assessed and compared to previous reports. PMID- 7261690 TI - Hemorrhagic brain tumors in pediatric patients. AB - In an unselected pediatric series of 113 newly tissue verified intracranial tumors, intracranial hemorrhage was the initial presentation in 10% of the cases. Review of all cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted to Children's Hospital of Philadelphia during the period of 1976--1979 revealed that intracranial tumors were present in 15%. The largest hemorrhagic pathological group was medulloblastoma-primitive neuroectodermal tumors. No particular age predominance was noted. The high incidence of intracranial tumor hemorrhage in this series of pediatric patients suggests that this may be a more common presentation than previously reported. PMID- 7261691 TI - Brain tumors in tuberous sclerosis. Report of 4 cases. AB - We report on 4 cases of brain tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis. In each case the tumor was in the region of Monro's foramen and was associated with ventricular dilatation. Computer tomography scans, which were performed in 3 cases, revealed well-circumscribed high-density masses which were markedly enhanced by contrast medium. 3 patients underwent craniotomy. Total extirpation was performed in 2 patients. Both of them are doing well postoperatively. However, 1 patients whose tumor had been partially resected died of recurrence 6 years after surgery. The pathology of three tumors was different in each case: plump cell astrocytoma, hemangioma and astroblastoma. PMID- 7261692 TI - Microscopic studies in shunts for hydrocephalus. AB - Valve-regulated systems, used for the treatment of hydrocephalus, were studied with the scanning electron microscope. The study was performed on unused systems of shunt replaced after different pathologies and on systems removed due to cerebrospinal fluid infection. Defects in the material, such as holes and protrusions, were systematically found in new systems. Aged shunts (1--8 years of implantation) as well as those removed in cases of cerebrospinal fluid infections showed important changes in the structure of the material too; it was also found that biological material, such as fibrin, red blood cells and bacteria, were able to adhere to the walls of the catheter tubing. These results indicate that the scanning electron microscope could be a complementary tool to be used in research, diagnosis, and quality control of silicone rubber prosthesis. PMID- 7261693 TI - Schilder's disease. A study of the cerebral cortex with Golgi's method. AB - The cerebral cortex of a patient with Schilder's disease was studied with the Golgi method. The number of synaptic spines, basal dendrites, branching points, and dendritic intersection points of 5th layer pyramids are similar to those of controls, in spite of almost complete loss of extrinsic fibers. These data illustrate the probable remodeling of intrinsic cortical circuits and neuronal plasticity in the human cerebral cortex. PMID- 7261694 TI - A scale for the assessment of neonatal neurologic status. AB - We have described early experience with the neonatal arousal scale. The infant's best response to bell and light are assessed and scored in addition to the observation of his spontaneous motor activity or response to tactile stimulation. This approach offers the prospect that rapid, reliable, and repetitive neurologic assessment may be carried out by all levels of personnel caring for small and critically ill neonates. The results of our experience in 100 consecutive patients who survived longer than 24 have been reported. PMID- 7261696 TI - A case of an 8-year-old hydrocephalic child. PMID- 7261697 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - The susceptibilities of 100 clinically significant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 45 clinically significant isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis against various antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method. Rifampin was the most active of all agents tested against both S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Among the beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillin G was least active, but had the lowest MIC in range. All strains of S. aureus were susceptible to cloxacillin and cephalothin at concentrations of 2 and 4 mcg/ml, respectively. Cloxacillin was less active against S. epidermidis, while cephalothin was more active. Minocycline was more active than doxycycline and tetracycline. Chloramphenicol was not only almost as poor in activity against S. aureus as tetracycline, but also the least active of all agents tested against S. epidermidis. Gentamicin was the most active aminoglycoside. Erythromycin, lincomycin and clindamycin showed the bimodal pattern of susceptibility. These results suggest the marked variability in antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococci. PMID- 7261695 TI - Subdural effusion following radical surgery for chiasmal region tumors in children. Report of 4 cases. AB - 4 cases of subdural effusion occurring after radical surgery for chiasmal region tumors in children are reported. The pathogenetic mechanisms of this disorder are explained at least partly by a change from internal to external hydrocephalus or brain atrophy in 2 of the 4 cases, whereas the pathogenesis is unclear in the remaining 2 cases. In all 4 cases meningitis did not supervene postoperatively. The subdural effusion may be divided roughly into two types according to symptomatology: "serious type' which presents with severe symptoms and "mild type' which is virtually asymptomatic. The serious type requires immediate surgical procedure, such as continuous subdural drainage and subduroperitoneal shunt, while the mild type should be carefully monitored for the course of subdural effusion by CT scan. PMID- 7261699 TI - Histocompatibility profile in Chinese with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Using the two-step microcytotoxicity test as recommended by NIH, U.S.A., 66 Chinese of definite ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 41 their first-degree relatives, and 43 normal Chinese received HLA analysis. The positive rates of HLA-B27 of these 3 groups were 95.5%, 56.1%, and 4.7% respectively. The results indicate: (i) The positive rate of HLA-B27 in patients with AS is significantly higher than their first-degree relatives, or the normal controls. (ii) The high positive rate of HLA-B27 in Chinese with AS is similar to those of other races. PMID- 7261698 TI - Prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis among school girls of Chuang-Wei and Nan Ao Districts in I-Lan County and Man-Chow District in Ping-Tung County, Taiwan. AB - By using the naked eye examination and comb method, a field survey and combing collection of head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) among school girls in three different area (Man-Chow, Nan-Ao and Chuang-Wei) of Taiwan were performed from July 1979 to February, 1980. The general infestation rate of head louse was 39.8% (or 998/2,509). In the primary schools, comparatively, the rate at Man-Chow (66.7%) was highest, the next at Nan-Ao (55.4%) and the lowest at Chuang-Wei (39.4%). While in the junior high schools, the rate was apparently higher at Nan Ao (38.4%) than that at Man-Chow (15.6%) and Chang-Wei (12.0%). The highest rate in the primary schools was found in 3rd graders except at Chuang-Wei in 5th graders. The corresponding figure in the junior high schools was found in 1st graders except at Nan-Ao in 2nd graders. Of 774 infested girls studied, according to the number of lice per infested girl, the percentages of infestation in the 5 groups were: the very light (nits only) 54.5, light (1-10) 38.5, moderate (11-50) 6.5, heavy (51-100) 0.4 and very heavy (over 100) 0.1 respectively. Of 2,178 head lice examined, 53.0% was nymphs; 28.7% females; 18.2% males. The average number of head louse in each infested girl 6.2. PMID- 7261700 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cholestasis]. PMID- 7261701 TI - [Possibilities and limits of diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP in obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 7261702 TI - [Surgical therapy of obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 7261703 TI - [Intraoperative bile duct diagnosis]. AB - Modern intra-operative diagnostic procedures for diseases of the gallbladder and the choledochus are divided into two groups. Before choledochotomy the following are carried out: inspection, palpation, intra-operative cholangiography via the cysticus, and the measurement of residual pressure. After choledochotomy, further diagnostic procedures are: examination of the choledochus and liver, intra operative cholangiography of opened choledochus by various methods and intra operative endoscopy of the biliary duct. PMID- 7261704 TI - [Operative treatment of the invasion of Echinococcus cysticus of the liver into the bile ducts]. AB - The basic principles, methods, and results of treatment are reported from personal experience in the treatment of 32 patients with intrabiliary rupture of hydatid cysts of the liver. These patients were treated from 1970-1979 in Surgery I of the University of Thessaloniki. Total cystectomy combined with sphincteroplasty of the sphincter Oddi is the method of choice. The clinical data, special types of treatment, and indications are discussed. Reoperation during the same admission in some complicated cases is strongly recommended. PMID- 7261705 TI - [Acute cholecystitis. Requirement for different therapies in younger and old patients]. AB - The results are compared of early operation (within 48 h of the onset of symptoms), postponed early operation, and late operation in 467 patients with acute cholecystitis. Treatment of acute cholecystitis is usually surgical and radical sanitation of gallbladder and bile ducts should be done during the first in-patient treatment. For patients under 60 years of age truly early operation is preferable. It can be practised with minimal risk and allows bile duct interventions to be extended. Immediate operation improves the chance of survival (86%) particularly in patients with perforations. In patients over 60 years of age intensive antibiotical and general preoperative treatment should be carried out until the acute inflammatory symptoms fade and postponed early operation is performed. The lethality of patients having undergone preoperative treatment is 1% and that of other patients is 10%. PMID- 7261706 TI - [Incarcerated Chilaiditi disease. A rare indication for surgery]. AB - Surgery was performed on a rare case of incarcerated Chilaiditi's syndrome, a syndrome that has been known for 10 years. The patient was in the state of ileus with volvulus of the stomach and hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the stomach, transverse colon, and omentum majus. The patient was at high risk--77 years old and in bad condition due to hyperemesis and abdominal pain. Preoperative intensive care was necessary. During the operation the intestinal structures were repositioned, the diaphragmatic hernia was resected, and the muscular parts were sewn tight. The right position of the liver was reconstructed by sewing the ligaments. Colon resection was inevitable because the colon loop could not be separated and because there was lack of intraabdominal space. For indication of preventive and elective surgery, we propose that the diagnostics be enhanced when Chilaiditi's syndrome is found by chance and is still asymptomatic. These techniques may include a complete radiological examination with contrast medium, intestinal endoscopy, and computer tomography of the thoracoabdominal region. PMID- 7261707 TI - [Surgical aspects of early stomach cancer]. AB - The diagnosis of early gastric cancer can be preoperatively suspected, but can be made only by careful histological study of the resection material. In suspicion of early gastric cancer by X-ray or endoscopy the operative procedure cannot be simplified systematically, but the rules of cancer surgery require full observance. The extent of stomach resection will depend on tumor localization, macroscopic tumor appearance and the knowledge of the histological tumor type. Multicentricity and the continuous tumor growth, especially in diffuse type gastric cancer, and possible lymph node metastases must be taken into consideration in the surgical management. Despite differences in survival rates between various histological types of early gastric cancer the prognosis of the patients is highly favourable, given to adequate therapy. PMID- 7261708 TI - Synaptonemal complex analysis of mouse chromosomal rearrangements. I. Cytogenetic observations on a tandem duplication. AB - Electron microscopy of surface-spread spermatocytes from mice heterozygous for a tandem duplication shows the heteromorphic synaptonemal complex (SC) to comprise two lateral elements of unequal length, the longer of which is buckled out in a characteristic loop, representing the unsynapsed portion of the duplication. The loop is a regular feature of late zygotene-early pachytene nuclei; it is longest at these early stages, but, through equalization of the two axes as a consequence of synaptic adjustment, it is replaced by a normal appearing SC at late pachytene. Because equalization, as indicated by a decrease in the percent difference between axes, may begin shortly after completion of synapsis, estimates of duplication segment length are restricted to a sample selected for least adjustment. --Although the mean position of the loop is constant at various pachytene substages, individual positions vary widely from cell to cell, consistent with the behavior expected of a duplication, but not of a deletion or an inversion. The length of the segment that is duplicated is estimated to be 22% of the normal chromosome, the midpoint of the segment is mapped at 0.61 of the chromosome distal to the kinetochore, and the ends of the segment are mapped at 0.50 to 0.72. Measurements of G-banded mitotic chromosomes give comparable values: duplication length, 24%; midpoint, 0.60, and segment ends, 0.48 and 0.71. This agreement constitutes further validation of the SC/spreading method for detecting and analyzing chromosomal rearrangements at pachytene and substantiates the fidelity with which the axes and SCs represent the behavior of chromosomes in synapsis. PMID- 7261709 TI - Synaptosomal complex analysis of mouse chromosomal rearrangements. II. Synaptic adjustment in a tandem duplication. AB - Surface spread spermatocytes of mice heterozygous for a tandem duplication show nuclei in late zygotene-early pachytene in which the heteromorphic synaptonemal complex (SC) contains a lateral element that is buckled out into a unpaired loop as a consequence of the added length of the duplication (estimated in another study to be 21.7%, with breakpoints at 0.50 and 0.72 of the length of the chromosome). The ends of the buckle, marking the interstitial termini of synapsis proceeding from opposite directions, vary over a wide range of positions, but within limits: the proximal end of the loop does not exceed the distal end of the duplication segment, while the distal end of the loop does not lie closer to the kinetochore than the proximal end of the segment. Thus synapsis (SC formation) at zygotene is restricted to homologous regions (exclusive homosynapsis). --In the last half of pachytene, no buckles are found, only simple SCs with lateral elements of equal length, as a consequence of synaptic adjustment. Intermediate stages of adjustment are found throughout the first half of pachytene. Shortly after homosynapsis is complete, synaptic adjustment begins: the ends of the duplication loop separate (desynapsis of homosynapsed regions); the long axis shortens with respect to the short axis in both the unpaired loop and in the SC portions; asymmetrical twists take up inequalities; the loop is reduced to from 1 to 3 asymmetrical twists; the axes (lateral elements) equalize as the long axis shortens; and a simple SC is formed, indistinguishable from others in the complement, in which the region of the duplication and those adjacent to it have heterosynapsed, while the distal regions of the SC are presumably still homosynapsed. Synaptic adjustment evidently involves two sequential events: localized instability of the homosynapsed condition, leading to desynapsis, then restoration of the SC by heterosynapsis. Adjustment therefore represents the loss of strict homosynapsis. It is concluded that the asymmetry produced by the duplication loop constitutes an instability that triggers synaptic adjustment. PMID- 7261710 TI - Topographic examination of sister chromatid differential staining by Nomarski interference microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. AB - BrdU-substituted Chinese hamster chromosomes were treated with a hog Na2HPO4 solution and stained with Giemsa to produce sister chromatid differential staining (SCD). The process of SCD was examined with the Nomarski differential interference microscope and the scanning electron microscope. After the Na2HPO4 treatment alone, unifilarly BrdU-substituted (TB) chromatids appeared somewhat more severely collapsed than the bifilarly substituted (BB) chromatids. Subsequent Giemsa staining, however, brought about pronounced piling up of the Giemsa dye on the TB-chromatids but not on the BB-ones, causing highly distinct differential Giemsa staining as well as a marked differentiation in surface topography between the sister chromatids. Removal of the Giemsa dye from the differentially Giemsa stained chromosomes resulted in a disappearance of such a pronounced topographic differentiation. PMID- 7261711 TI - Structure of human chromosomes visualized at the electron microscopic level. AB - A newly developed technique allows cytological (light microscope level) chromosome preparations to be examined at the electron microscopic level. Ultrathin (50 nm) sections of highly condensed Hela cell metaphase chromosomes show the characteristic mitotic chromosome morphology. In addition a fibrous network (presumably chromosome fibers) can be within term. Fibers appear to be gathered at a foci along each chromatid. Treatment of chromosomes with trypsin in a trypsin/G-banding procedure reduces the amount of staining material at the electron microscopic level and results in more prominent foci. Thicker (100 nm) sections of less condensed chromosomes prepared from human lymphocytes display a banding pattern similar to G-banding, even without pretreatment with proteases. PMID- 7261712 TI - Pyridoxine induced puffing (II-48 C) and synthesis of a 40 KD protein in Drosophila hydei salivary glands. PMID- 7261713 TI - Mitotic recombination and segregation of satellites in Bloom's syndrome. AB - Mitotic recombination in satellite stalks--a phenomenon often difficult to distinguish from satellite association--was studied in a sister and a brother with Bloom's syndrome. Segregation after recombination was analyzed in the lymphocytes of the sister who had Q-bright satellites. Her cells varied greatly both in regard to the acrocentrics which displayed Q-bright satellites and the number of such satellites per cell. In 58 cells a total of 31 different patterns were seen. In 83 cells of 6 controls who also had Q-bright satellites on at least one acrocentric chromosome, not one cell was found in which the pattern differed from that characteristic of the person. Obviously exchanges between satellite stalks in patients with Bloom's syndrome are fairly frequent (estimated lower limit 6/1000) and very rare in persons who do not have this syndrome (estimated 0.1/1000). PMID- 7261714 TI - Sex-linked difference in DNA content of a polytene chromosome in Prodiamesa (Chironomidae). AB - The chironomid Prodiamesa olivacea possesses 3 pairs of chromosomes. The underreplication of the right arm in the polytene 3rd was presented earlier and is here shown to affect in females the cell nuclei of salivary glands. Malpighian tubules and the hindgut. The same somatic nucleic in males exhibit also a polytene 3rd with specific characteristics inasmuch as it contains half the relative DNA value of the female nuclei (3% instead of 6% complemental portion). In male meiocytes the two partners in each of the 3 diakinetic bivalents were recognized to be homomorphic. In view of this morphological criterium the polytene situation in males must be due either to an unknown elimination process or to the underreplication of both right arms and further one left arm of the 3rd chromosomes. The latter model interprets the elements of the 3rd pair as differently polytenizing heterosomes in P. olivacea. PMID- 7261716 TI - The distribution of quinacrine on chromosomes as determined by X-ray microanalysis. I. Q-bands on CHO chromosomes. AB - The distribution of quinacrine in relation to Q-banding on CHO chromosomes has been investigated using X-ray microanalysis. Technical problems involved in this type of experiment were studied in detail. It was necessary to use a solution of quinacrine acetate in acetic acid to ensure that the only chlorine detectable in quinacrine-stained chromosomes was in the quinacrine molecule. Electron irradiation during analysis rapidly destroys quinacrine fluorescence, but the chlorine is not lost from the chromosomes, and there are several reasons for supporting that a reliable distribution of quinacrine on the chromosome can be obtained by the method. - Small variations along the chromosome in the amounts of chlorine (representing quinacrine) and of phosphorus (mainly DNA) occur. The distribution patterns for chlorine and phosphorous show a good resemblance to each other for each homologous chromosome; quinacrine fluorescence patterns (Q bands) do not resemble chlorine distribution patterns, however. The results of this study therefore support the view that Q-bands result from the differential quenching of fluorescence along chromosomes to which the quinacrine is essentially uniformly bound, and do not reflect differential binding of quinacrine along the chromosome. PMID- 7261715 TI - The attachment of kinetochores to the pro-metaphase spindle in PtK1 cells. Recovery from low temperature treatment. PMID- 7261718 TI - [Clinical analysis of 321 cases of acute rheumatic fever (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261717 TI - Spermatogenesis in Sciara coprophila. I. Chromosome orientation on the monopolar spindle of meiosis I. AB - Meiosis I of spermatogenesis in the fungus fly, Sciara coprophila, has a monopolar spindle which collects the maternal and supernumerary L chromosome sets, while the paternal chromosomes migrate away from the single pole to be excluded in a bud. By inspection, the metacentric paternal chromosome IV moves with its centromere lagging rather than leading the direction of motion. Therefore, we wondered if all paternal homologues move in such a reverse orientation. To determine the orientation of the other homologues which are acrocentrics (chromosomes II, III, X), their centromeres were localized by use of the DAPI C-bonding technique. In addition, we characterized centromeric heterochromatin on polytene chromosomes by C-banding and in situ hybridization of satellite DNA isolated by Ag+-Cs2SO4 (rho CsC1 satellite I=1.698 g/ml; rho CsC1 satellite II=1.705 g/ml). The two satellite fractions were localized to the centromeric heterochromatin of all the chromosomes, and to a varying degree to all chromosome telomeres. By DAPI C-banding we could precisely locate each centromere band on polytene chromosomes, and these results agreed with those of satellite cRNA in situ hybridization. We then applied the DAPI C-banding technique to primary spermatocyte preparations, and determined that all paternal chromosomes migrate at anaphase I with their centromeres lagging rather than leading movement to the cell periphery. Since in polytene chromosomes the X chromosome contains a moderately fluorescent band on its noncentromeric end as well, in order to clarify its DAPI C-banding result in primary spermatocytes, we did in situ hybridization of (3)H nick-translated cloned rDNA, since rDNA is a convenient marker for the centromeric heterochromatin of the X. These data and the DAPI C-banding results indicate that the X as well as all th other paternal homologues display a reverse orientation (centromeres lag) as they migrate away from the single spindle pole to the cell periphery. - One model explaining this unusual paternal chromosome orientation is that there may be unique neocentromeric-like attachments to the non-centromeric free ends of these chromosomes. These attachments could serve to pull the paternal chromosomes to the cellular periphery as anaphase I progresses. In order to test this model, we analyzed anaphase I spermatocytes after a terminal block of heterochromatin had been removed from metacentric paternal chromosome IV by X-irradiation. We observed that when metacentric paternal chromosome IV is broken, it maintains its inverted "V" orientation rather than assuming a rod-like configuration. These data imply that there are no unique, terminal neocentromeric attachments to paternal chromosome IV as it progresses to the cellular periphery. PMID- 7261719 TI - [The diagnosis of primary congestive cardiomyopathy--with an analysis of the data of 113 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261720 TI - [A preliminary experience in the measurement of cardiac output with thermodilution method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261721 TI - [Clinical analysis of 44 cases of acute secondary gouty arthritis in Lasa area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261722 TI - [The diagnostic value of cytological examination for gastric carcinoma--with an analysis of 1,801 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261723 TI - [Clinical analysis of the hospitalized cases of rheumatic valvular heart disease in Guangdong Province in the past 30 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261724 TI - [Lung biopsy through fibrobronchoscope (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261725 TI - [Discussion on the histology and histochemistry of the repairing role of Qing Kai Ling No. 1 in experimental liver injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261726 TI - [Uremic medullary cystic disease (familial juvenile nephronophthiasis)--an investigation of one family and pathological report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261727 TI - [Symposium: the problems in the prevention and treatment of acute circulatory failure, acute respiratory failure and acute renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261728 TI - [Gout (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261729 TI - [Heart diseases seen in Shanghai and the change of their incidences in the past 32 years--with an analysis of the data of 15,696 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261730 TI - [Preliminary study on platelet monoamine oxidase in schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 7261731 TI - [Preliminary study on the effects of short-term hospitalization in 379 cases of schizophrenia]. PMID- 7261732 TI - [Psychogenic factors and schizophrenia]. PMID- 7261733 TI - [Postmortem morphological observations on severe cases of craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 7261734 TI - [Factors affecting the prognosis of acute and subacute subdural hematomas]. PMID- 7261735 TI - [Primary intraspinal tumors]. PMID- 7261736 TI - [Experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of intraspinal tumors]. PMID- 7261737 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of multiple intraspinal tumors (report of 3 cases)]. PMID- 7261738 TI - [The distribution of scalp arteries and its clinical significance]. PMID- 7261739 TI - [Affections of temporal lobe lesions to ability of sound localization]. PMID- 7261740 TI - [The effect of electroacupuncture of different frequencies on acetylcholine content of fluid perfused from the muscles at the acupuncture point]. PMID- 7261741 TI - [Electroencephalographic analysis of 184 cases of intracranial space-occupying lesions]. PMID- 7261742 TI - [Clinical and electrophysiologic observations on ocular type of myodystrophy]. PMID- 7261743 TI - [Silicone sheet for treatment and prevention of adhesive ankylosis of knee (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261744 TI - [Early treatment of congenital dislocation of hip with "clothing-harness" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261745 TI - [Artificial vertebral replacement of dorsolumbar vertebrae following resection of giant cell tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261747 TI - [An improved method of erector spinae transposition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261746 TI - [Repair of traumatic tracheo-esophageal fistula: report of a new method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261748 TI - [Several improved neurological instruments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261749 TI - [Cryosurgery for anorectal cancer: a preliminary report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261750 TI - [Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the large bowel: report of 537 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261751 TI - [Abdominoperineal resection and anosphincteroplasty for carcinoma of lower third of the rectum and anal canal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261752 TI - [Plication of anterior rectal wall in the treatment of complete prolapse of rectum in adults: report of 41 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261753 TI - [Application of anterior rectus sheath tape for suspension of rectum in treatment of prolapse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261754 TI - ["Hemorrhoid-desiccating fluid" treatment of hemorrhoids: report of 16,129 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261755 TI - [An investigation on the result and mechanism of treatment of internal hemorrhoids with "hemorrhoid-desiccating nails" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261756 TI - [Clinical observation on 1,225 cases of hemorrhoids treated by cryosurgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261757 TI - [Treatment of congenital high imperforate anus with intrarectal pullthrough procedure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261758 TI - [One-stage total rhinoplasty: report of 30 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261759 TI - [Surgical treatment of craniosynostosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261760 TI - [A case of malakoplakia in urinary bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261761 TI - [Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261762 TI - [Preliminary observation on treatment of chyluria with renal pelvic lavage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261764 TI - [Transsphenoidal removal of minute tumors of the pituitary gland by microsurgery: report of 8 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261763 TI - [Complications and side-effects of ketamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261765 TI - [The use of neurovascular tissue remnants for replantation of crushed amputated digits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261766 TI - [Transfer of free gracilis-muscle-skin flap: report of 7 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261767 TI - [Retrosternal gastric replacement for cicatricial stenosis of esophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261768 TI - [Clinical significance of first or second rib fracture in closed thoracic injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261769 TI - [Carcinoma of the gastric stump after gastrectomy for peptic ulcer: report of 9 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261770 TI - [The use of side-to-side meso-caval shunt in the treatment of portal hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261771 TI - [Acanthocephaliasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261772 TI - [Biliary tract hemorrhage treated by combined traditional Chinese and western medicine: report of 18 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261773 TI - [Mechanism of negative pressure production during epidural puncture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261775 TI - [The use of local triangular subcutaneous pedicle flaps (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261776 TI - [Technical modifications of partial nephrectomy for renal calculi (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261774 TI - [Streptococcal gangrene: report of 12 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261777 TI - [133Xenon clearance method of gastrocnemius muscle in the diagnosis of arterial occlusive disease of legs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261778 TI - [Evaluation of limited site-to-side portacaval shunt in treatment of portal hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261779 TI - [Results of spleno-caval shunt for portal hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261780 TI - [A comparative study of long-term results of splenorenal shunt and medical treatment for intrahepatic portal hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261781 TI - [Clinical application of fluorocarbon artificial blood in 10 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261782 TI - [Tumor the the pineal body region in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261783 TI - [Reopening of ligated ductus arteriosus and the method of surgical repair (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261784 TI - [Operative treatment of serious giant bullous emphysema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261785 TI - [Surgical treatment of urinary bilharziasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261786 TI - [Postoperative asthmaticus status controlled with ketamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261787 TI - [Topical tetanus: report of 10 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261789 TI - [Tibial lengthening: report of 40 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261788 TI - [Pannicular sacroiliac hernia: report of 50 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261790 TI - [An improved technique for the reconstruction of old laceration of lateral ligaments of ankle joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261791 TI - [Application of self-made wire guide apparatus for Smith-Petersen nailing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261792 TI - [Surgical treatment of 210 cases of early carcinoma of esophagus and gastric cardia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261793 TI - [Inversion-stripping esophagectomy for treating of hypopharyngeal, esophageal and cardial carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261794 TI - [Surgical treatment of recurrent esophageal carcinoma after curative radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261795 TI - [Localization of intrahepatic bile duct bleeding with operative hepatic arteriography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261796 TI - [Surgical treatment of thyrotoxicosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261797 TI - [Exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerves during thyroidectomy: report of 529 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261798 TI - [Thunder god vine in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261799 TI - [Paper-splint and compression-pad method for treatment of old fractures of carpal navicular bone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261800 TI - [Clinical significance of dorsal pedal vessels in thumb reconstruction and flap graft (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261801 TI - [Spinal epidural hematoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261802 TI - [Physiological effects of pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass in animal experiments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261803 TI - [Right atrial recurrence after resection of right ventricular myxoma: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261804 TI - [Autocrush syndrome: report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261805 TI - [Lumbodorsal vertical incisions in renal ureteral surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261806 TI - Retrospective study in 430 patients with Hodgkin's disease (1965-1974). AB - The authors from 11 institutions in the Czech Socialist Republic, grouped into a Complex Rationalisation Brigade for the diagnosis and therapy of the malignant lymphogranuloma, present results of a retrospective study in 430 patients with Hodgkin's disease. The results were obtained after the data treatment on a digital computer and concern with a general characteristic of the group of patients, that involved 57,2% men and 42,8% women with a peak of the age distribution between 20 and 30 years and a second peak between 60 and 70 years. In the clinical data there is an analysis of the rate of occurring the lesion in particular groups of nodes, where the nodes of mediastinum and of the neck were involved most frequently. In the therapeutic procedures the radiotherapy, cytostatic therapy and their combination are evaluated. The 5-year survival in the whole group is of 41%. Out of this, in the first five years of the period of interest and in the second five years, the numbers of the surviving patients were of 33 and 47% respectively. In the Tables, there are complete remissions, mean times of the remission and longest time of the remission for different methods of the therapy. When evaluating the relapse of the disease, it was possible to observe not only the dependence on the total time of irradiation but also on the time distribution of the dose. The patients with involved nodes above the diaphragm have a better prognosis than those with lesions of nodes in the subdiaphragm region. PMID- 7261807 TI - Interpretation of clinical symptoms in Hodgkin's disease. AB - The finding of general symptoms in Hodgkin's disease is accepted as bad prognostic sign and expression of disease activity. Results of clinical and histological classification analysis indicate the possibility of different interpretation of the presence and absence of symptoms in generalized disease. Asymptomatic generalized disease can be prognostically more serious than that of symptomatic one as it may express immunological tolerance of the tumor or acquired depression of defensive mechanisms. This conclusion is supported by preliminary data on survival of our patients in given classification groups. PMID- 7261808 TI - First experience with clinical use of an original hemoperfusion system. AB - 1. The authors present their experience with the use of an original charcoal hemoperfusion system Hemosorb in clinical application, in 9 patients with a heavy metabolic disturbance (failure of the liver and kidney) and after an intoxication with drugs. 2. In two patients the consciousness was remarkably recovered and in one patient it was improved already in the course of the hemoperfusion process, in further two cases the consciousness was recovered in short time after the Hemosorb was used, 7 were completely healed. 3. During the hemoperfusion with Hemosorb there were no symptoms of bad tolerance and no complications except for temporary pyretic reaction in one case. In unique cases manifestations of an enhanced bleeding occurred at the end of the long-term process, which were, however, rather easily corrected. The drop of thrombocytes was essentially reasonable and their restriction after the hemoperfusion was good. 4. Out of metabolic parameters of interest, in the patients with the heavy metabolic failure the drop of total phenol substances, uric acid and creatinine in the blood serum were observed at first stages of the hemoperfusion. The clearance of the total phenol substances and creatinine in the hemoperfusion system was ever rather high. 5. In a patient intoxicated with drugs, there was a remarkable drop of the metaqualone in the blood serum in the course of the hemoperfusion with Hemosorb; the clearance of this compound in the hemoperfusion system was still high after 4 hrs. 6. The first experiences with the clinical application of a new, original hemoperfusion system demonstrated its non-harmful character and biocompatibility as well as clinical, metabolic and toxicologic efficiency. PMID- 7261809 TI - Optimal amino acid composition of diets for patients with chronic renal failure. AB - When following the spectrum of plasmatic amino acids in patients with chronic renal failure in course of a six-week treatment with low-protein diets, an increase of non-essential amino acids, glycine and alanine, was observed in the case of a diet containing 20 g of proteins. A further decrease of tyrosine and threonine, which were decreased already before the therapy, suggests the presence of an effect of the reduced intake of proteins on the levels of these amino acids. High levels of methionine occurring in the case of the diet containing 20 g of proteins a day, supplemented by methionine to a minimally necessary requirement according to Rose, show different requirements) for this amino acid in patients with the chronic renal failure. A significant drop of the histidine and arginine as compared to the values before the treatment demonstrated that it is also necessary to take into account these amino acids when composing optimal amino acid formulation for uremics. A preliminary proposal is presented of a composition of amino acid mixture suitable for patients with chronic renal failure which differs essentially from the Rose formulation developed for a healthy organism. Different requirements for arginine are also considered in addition to the essential amino acids and histidine. PMID- 7261810 TI - New Czechoslovak recommended dietary allowances. PMID- 7261811 TI - The effect of isoproterenol on nuclear protein synthesis in electrostatically sorted rat hepatocytes. AB - Rat hepatocyte nuclei were electrostatically sorted and collected from specific regions of the cell cycle. Proteins were extracted from homogeneous populations of nuclei with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and chromatographed by one- and two dimensional acid-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Small quantitative differences were observed in amido black stained two-dimensional patterns of the nuclear proteins of the G0 + G1 and G2 + M populations. However, comparison of the two-dimensional autoradiographs of 3H-leucine labeled nuclear proteins in these populations revealed dramatic differences. After isoproterenol administration, animals showed enhanced labeling of certain nuclear proteins in G2 + M populations, but no noticeable effect in protein labeling was observed in the G0 + G1 populations. Four days after the administration of isoproterenol, fluorescent histograms exhibited increased amounts of DNA in the G2 + M populations. Comparison of the total amino acid composition of two proteins from control animals revealed the distinct chemical contrast of these proteins. Both proteins possessed higher ratios of acidic to basic residues than anticipated for basic proteins. These procedures and findings should prove useful for further understanding of mechanisms of toxicant effects upon nuclear protein metabolism. PMID- 7261812 TI - Centrifugal separation of cells in sputum specimens from patients with adenocarcinoma. AB - A Ficoll density gradient centrifugation technique was used to separate fixed cells from the sputa of patients with bronchogenic adenocarcinoma. The selective enrichment of leukocytes, squamous or cancerous cells was achieved while retaining the diagnostically significant cell morphologic features. This technique is shown to typically eliminate most of the leukocytes (96.9%) macrophages (86.7%), squamous cells (70.0%) and necrotic debris from specimen fractions containing the majority of cancerous cells. The maximum purity of cancer cells (14.6%) occurs in high density (p = 1.35 g/ml) gradient fractions and results in an average 12.2-fold enrichment for cancer cells in contrast to their relative frequency of occurrence in unprocessed specimens. Differential cell count analyses of serial density centrifugation fractions show that this technique produces comparable enrichment rates for material from bronchogenic adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7261813 TI - Intracellular binding of fluorescein in lymphocytes. AB - The fluorescence characteristics of intracellular fluorescein, formed by the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate in peripheral human lymphocytes, were studied by fluorometry on cell suspensions and compared to those of albumin bound and free fluorescein in solution. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of both intracellular fluorescein and fluorescein in aqueous solutions of albumin and glycerol were red shifted by 2-10 nm as compared to the spectra of fluorescein in phosphate buffered saline. The fluorescence polarization (P) of both intracellular fluorescein and a mixture of albumin-bound and free fluorescein showed a decrease towards low emission wavelengths and an increase toward high excitation wavelengths. The results were found to be consistent with a simple model assuming that part of the intracellular fluorescein is dissolved in the aqueous phase of the cytoplasm, giving P less than 0.1, while the rest is bound to macromolecules, giving P = 0.33. The fraction of bound intracellular fluorescein was estimated to be about 70%. Fluorescein was found to bind with high affinity and more rigidly (P = 0.43) to albumin than to intracellular macromolecules in general. PMID- 7261814 TI - Correlation between cytometric features and mitotic frequency in human breast carcinoma. AB - An evaluation of cytometric features of 142 human breast cancers was performed. Twenty-two cytometric features describing density, structure and shape were correlated with mitotic frequency and labeling index of some of the tumors and with the observed recurrence rate of the tumors within 3 years after removal of the breast. A new cytometric measure was also created by combining the four features most strongly correlated with mitotic frequency of the tumors. It was found that the variance of the nuclear area was the feature that was most strongly correlated with mitotic frequency and recurrence rate. No new cytometric measure created by combining the four features most strongly correlated with mitotic frequency, correlated as well as variance of nuclear area even though the four features were optimized by multiple regression analysis for their correlation with mitotic frequency. PMID- 7261816 TI - Cecal-sigmoid anastomosis for advanced carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 7261815 TI - Colonic adenomas: stereology and growth mechanisms. AB - Stereologic methods were used to determine the amount of growth of colonic adenomatous polyps. Epithelial surfaces were increased from 12 to 226 times compared with the normal mucosa of origin, including the epithelium of the crypts. The number of cells was increased from 12 to 370 times. The supposed villi of the polyps are in reality branched folia, and the crypts between them are slit-like, permitting flow of ingesta through them. The increase in the number of cells is not primarily dependent on mitotic activity but more on amitotic nuclear fragmentation. PMID- 7261817 TI - The magnetic stoma device: a continent colostomy. PMID- 7261818 TI - Carcinoma of the anus in Nigerians. AB - In the 18-year period between 1960 and 1978, only 20 cases of carcinoma of the anus were recorded in the Cancer Registry of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; of these 18 were treated in the hospital. This paper is an analysis of the clinicopathologic features and outcome of treatment of ten patients whose records could be traced. There was a slight female predominance, with anal canal tumours being more common than anal margin tumors. Most cases were advanced when first seen and the commonest manifestations were passage of mucoid stool, with blood and anal pain. The tumors tended to grow circumferentially and could be confused with anorectal tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, and lymphogranuloma venereum. Prognosis was better with anal margin tumors. PMID- 7261819 TI - Survival of colorectal cancer patients in relation to duration of symptoms and other prognostic factors. AB - The effect of duration of symptoms and other prognostic factors on survival was studied by interview using a population-based sample of 154 colorectal cancer patients. The authors found that symptom durations of up to approximately one year before diagnosis had no effect on survival. In addition, it was found that the total number of symptoms was a statistically significant predictor of survival, although no single symptom had a significant effect. Stage, sex, and site also were found to be significant predictors of survival, whereas age, socioeconomic status, and other factors were not predictive. PMID- 7261820 TI - Current concepts of rectum and sphincter preservation in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The treatment of inflammatory bowel disease has gone through a dramatic evolution in the last 40 years. Although the medical treatment has shown little progress during this time, surgical concepts have continued to change. Resection of the disease with formation of a well-functioning ileostomy stoma was a great milestone. In recent years, the development of an internal reservoir with a continent ileostomy has greatly improved the status of these patients. However, a pelvic reservoir, using the natural anorectal sphincter, may well be the next step in this evolutionary process. PMID- 7261821 TI - Bacteremia after proctoscopy and hemorrhoidal injection sclerotherapy. AB - The incidence of bacteremia following proctoscopy and hemorrhoidal injection sclerotherapy was studied in 50 outpatients undergoing both procedures. Bacteremia was found in 2 per cent of the subjects after proctoscopy and in 8 per cent after sclerotherapy. None of the subjects developed symptoms of septicemia following the procedure. It is concluded that antibiotic prophylaxis should be used before sclerotherapy in patients with valvular heart disease or compromised host defense. PMID- 7261822 TI - Histogenesis of microscopic adenoma and hyperplastic (metaplastic) gland in nonpolyposis coli. AB - Histogenesis of microscopic adenoma in nonpolypoid colons (those not included in the special disease group of familial polyposis coli) was investigated using complete serial sections with the following results: Adenoma arises from basal cells in the deep layer of the mucosa; and two types of basal cells found were 1) those which had already undergone changes to adenoma and 2) those which are in their transitional stage to adenomas. Early-phase growth of adenoma is brought about by branching. Individual hyperplastic (metaplastic) glands constituting so called hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps are considered to be only an expression of one variant in the growing process of adenomas and the glands showing these changes most characteristically have a serrated pattern. Based on these findings, the histogenesis of adenoma in nonpolypoid colons is shown schematically. PMID- 7261824 TI - Diffusely infiltrating carcinoma of the colon (linitis plastica type). PMID- 7261823 TI - Intramural extravasation of barium simulating carcinoma of the rectum. AB - This report describes two patients found to have barium granuloma of the rectum. The lesions appeared as indurated, ulcerated rectal masses that resembled carcinoma on endoscopic examination. Deep mucosal biopsy results demonstrated no malignancy and barium sulfate crystals in tissue macrophages. Radiographs showed persistent soft-tissue barium in the rectum. Past reports of barium granuloma have described ulcerated or polypoid masses in the rectum and anus. Rectal intramural extravasation of barium occurs as a result of asymmetric enema balloon inflation and impaction of the enema tip against the rectal mucosa. PMID- 7261825 TI - Colonic tuberculosis mimicking annular carcinoma: report of a case. PMID- 7261826 TI - Pseudocarcinomatous invasion of colonic polyps. PMID- 7261827 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum: the military experience. AB - Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum is a rare neoplasm and may behave in a highly malignant manner. Our experience with a single case prompted a review of the Armed Forces Central Medical Registry (AFCMR), where six other cases were found from the total AFCMR population. Four patients were treated with abdominoperineal (AP) resection; three had local excision only. Three patients developed metastatic disease and two of those died. The authors recommend prompt wide excision (AP resection) for any case of leiomyosarcoma of the rectum. PMID- 7261828 TI - Internal herniation involving the sigmoid mesocolon. PMID- 7261829 TI - Excision of villous adenoma of the rectum with a stapler. PMID- 7261830 TI - Evaluation of elevation of the head of the bed, bethanechol, and antacid form tablets on gastroesophageal reflux. AB - To ascertain how elevation of the head of the bed, bethanechol, and antacid foam tablets affect gastroesophageal reflux, we used prolonged intraesophageal pH monitoring in 55 symptomatic patients. Acid exposure was separated into reflux frequency and esophageal acid clearance time and recorded during the day in the upright posture and recumbent at night. Values before and during each therapy were compared to physiologic reflux in 15 asymptomatic controls. Ten patients slept with the head of the bed elevated and had a 67% improvement in the acid clearance time (P less than 0.025); however, the frequency of reflux episodes remained unchanged. Twelve patients given 25 mg of bethanechol 4 times a day had a 50% decrease in recumbent acid exposure only (P less than 0.05), due to a trend towards decreased reflux episodes and acid clearance in time. Bethanechol combined with head of bed elevation in 19 other patients decreased both reflux frequency (30%) and acid clearance time (53%, all P less than 0.05). Antacid foam tablets failed to significantly diminish acid exposure. Nocturnal reflux responded the best to those therapies tested. PMID- 7261831 TI - Interval sampling of breath hydrogen (H2) as an index of lactose malabsorption in lactase-deficient subjects. AB - Interval sampling of breath hydrogen content was used in lactose malabsorbers: (1) to compare hydrogen responses following increasing oral doses of lactose in milk and aqueous solutions; (2) to determine the reproducibility of interval breath sampling, and (3) to compare carbohydrate malabsorption following ingestion of either regular milk or milk containing Lactobacillus acidophilus. Significant differences in breath hydrogen responses due to increasing amounts of lactose in milk and aqueous solutions were observed. The individual breath hydrogen responses were reproducible using the same lactose dose on different days. There was no significant difference in breath hydrogen responses or symptoms following administration of either regular milk or milk containing Lactobacillus acidophilus. Breath hydrogen sampling at intervals, as performed in these studies, provides a sensitive and reproducible index of lactose malabsorption. PMID- 7261832 TI - Utility and accuracy of ultrasonically measured gallbladder wall as a diagnostic criteria in biliary tract disease. AB - Biliary tract sonography has achieved wide acceptance as a screening test for chronic calculous disease. However, the clinical usefulness of biliary sonography is limited by the inability of this test to identify patients with acalculous cholecystitis or to separate patients with calculous cholecystitis from those with asymptomatic calculi. A prospective blinded study of 106 patients undergoing cholecystectomy was performed to determine if, cholecystosonography could visualize the gallbladder wall accurately and to evaluate gallbladder wall thickening as a predictor of disease. Of these patients, 88 had a sonographically visible gallbladder wall and in 95% of the patients the ultrasonic and direct surgical measurements of the gallbladder wall agreed within 1 mm. To determine the sonographic size range of gallbladder wall thickness in the normal population, the width of the gallbladder wall in the fasting state was measured in 100 patients without biliary tract disease. One percent of the normal population had thickened gallbladder walls, in contrast to 96% of the patients with acute calculous or acalculous cholecystitis. Gallbladder wall thickness appears to be an accurate noninvasive technique for diagnosing patients with acute calculous and acalculous cholecystitis in the absence of other entities which thicken the gallbladder wall such as ascites and hypoproteinemic states. PMID- 7261833 TI - In vitro studies on bile acid deconjugation and lipolysis inhibition by Giardia lamblia. AB - In vitro studies were conducted to determine whether Giardia lamblia can be deconjugate bile acids or inhibit lipolysis. Cultured G. lamblia trophozoites failed to deconjugate either glycine- or taurine-conjugated cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, or chenodeoxycholic acid. However, sonicated trophozoites significantly inhibited the hydrolysis of tributyrylglycerol by porcine pancreatic lipase. This inhibition was not dependent upon the presence of bile acids but was dependent upon the concentration of G. lamblia sonicate. Heating the sonicate for 20 min at 60 degrees C abolished the inhibitory effect; dialysis of the sonicate did not affect inhibition. We conclude that cultured G. lamblia trophozoites do not deconjugate bile acids and that sonicated G. lamblia inhibit lipolysis in vitro. PMID- 7261834 TI - Ursodeoxycholic acid ingestion after ileal resection. Effect on biliary bile acid and lipid composition. AB - The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid ingestion on biliary bile acids and biliary lipids was studied in six patients after ileal resection. All patients had bile acid malabsorption, as documented by increased breath and fecal excretion of 14C after oral administration of [1-14C] cholylglycine. Fasting duodenal bile was collected by intubation before and seven days after ursodeoxycholic acid administration (4 g/day), and biliary bile acid and lipid composition were determined. Ursodeoxycholic acid ingestion increased the percentage of ursodeoxycholic acid in bile tenfold (3.6 +/- 2.6% vs 38.6 +/- 12.0%) and decreased chenodeoxycholic acid in bile by approximately 40%. Before ursodeoxycholic acid ingestion, bile was supersaturated in all patients. After ursodeoxycholic acid ingestion, cholesterol saturation decreased in all six patients by an average of 43%, and bile became unsaturated in five. Ursodeoxycholic acid ingestion had no effect on stool frequency. We conclude that, as in subjects with an intact enterohepatic circulation, ursodeoxycholic acid therapy has litholytic potential in patients after ileal resection. PMID- 7261835 TI - Effect of glucose on jejunal water and solute absorption in the presence of glycodeoxycholate and oleate in man. AB - Jejunal perfusion studies were performed in 12 healthy volunteers to study the effects of 14 and 56 mM glucose on fluid secretion induced by 5 mM glycodeoxycholate on 7 mM oleate. Glucose enhanced water absorption under control conditions and reduced water secretion induced by glycodeoxycholate or oleate (P less than 0.01). As has been observed previously, glycodeoxycholate and oleate inhibited glucose absorption (P less than 0.001) and significant linear relationships existed between net water movement and glucose absorption. Glycodeoxycholate also reduced the absorption of 14 mM arabinose (P less than 0.05) and oleate reduced the absorption of 56 mM mannitol (P less than 0.05). Reduced solute absorption in the presence of glycodeoxycholate and oleate, therefore, cannot be attributed to an effect on active transport alone. The relationships between sodium transport and water absorption varied with the glucose concentration in the perfusion solutions. Similarly, the relationships between glucose absorption and sodium absorption varied with glucose concentration. The data suggest that a significant amount of glucose can be absorbed without concomitant absorption of sodium. The data indicate that glucose absorption can stimulate water absorption directly without the mediation of sodium and that water movement follows glucose at a rate which maintains isotonicity. PMID- 7261836 TI - Cholestasis and hepatic drug metabolism. Comparison of metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine in patients with intrahepatic or extrahepatic cholestasis. AB - The antipyrine metabolic clearance rate (MCR) was studied in two groups of patients with similar degrees of cholestasis and hepatic damage, but differing mechanisms of cholestasis. The plasma disappearance rate of antipyrine in 18 patients with extrahepatic cholestasis and 11 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis was compared with that of two groups of control subjects without liver disease who were matched for age. Whereas no significant difference was observed for the antipyrine MCR between patients with extrahepatic cholestasis and their controls [30.7 +/- 11.2 (SD) as against 31.6 +/- 10.0 ml/min], the antipyrine MCR was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in the patients with intrahepatic cholestasis than in their controls (16.2 +/- 4.5 vs 37.4 +/- 17.3 ml/min). These results suggest that cholestasis per se does not change the rate of metabolism of drugs by the liver. The decrease of antipyrine MCR in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis could be due to a reduced functional parenchymal mass related to some degree of hepatic necrosis. PMID- 7261837 TI - Intracellular and exchangeable potassium in cirrhosis. Evidence against the occurrence of potassium depletion in cirrhosis with ascites. AB - The intracellular potassium content of leukocytes, the extracellular fluid volume (82Br space), and exchangeable potassium were determined in 28 patients with cirrhosis of the liver (18 with ascites) and in 15 hospitalized controls. No intracellular potassium depletion could be identified in these patients. Leukocyte potassium was similar in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites (355.9 +/- 25.3 and 348.1 +/- 31.9 mEq/kg of dry solids, respectively) and in hospitalized controls (359.7 +/- 27.4) (mean +/- SD). The extracellular fluid volume was similar in controls and cirrhotics without ascites, but markedly increased in cirrhotics with ascites. The exchangeable potassium (mEq/kg of body weight) was similar in nonascitic cirrhotics and in hospitalized controls, but significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. However, when the estimated weight of the extracellular fluid volume was substrated from the total body weight, thus obviating the influence of the increased extracellular fluid volume of ascitic patients in the body weight, the exchangeable potassium (mEq/kg of "corrected" body weight) was similar in cirrhosis with ascites (52.9 +/- 6.7 mEq/kg), nonascitic cirrhotics (55.8 +/- 6.1 mEq/kg) and hospitalized controls (55.0 +/- 8.3 mEq/kg), and a significant correlation was obtained between the exchangeable potassium and the leukocyte potassium content. In five patients, the measurements were repeated after relieving ascites with diuretics. No change was observed in the leukocyte potassium, but exchangeable potassium (mEq/kg of body weight) increased, reaching values not significantly different from controls or nonascitic cirrhotics. The exchangeable potassium (mEq/kg of "correct" body weight) did not change. Our results strongly suggest that potassium depletion was not present in the series of cirrhotic patients studied. PMID- 7261838 TI - Gluten-sensitive recurrent aphthous stomatitis. AB - Twenty selected patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in whom celiac disease had been specifically excluded were placed on a gluten-free diet. Five patients (25%) showed a favorable response to gluten withdrawal and a positive gluten challenge. Jejunal morphology was normal in all patients indicating gluten sensitivity without enteropathy. Gluten withdrawal provides a further method of treating some patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. PMID- 7261839 TI - Repeated vomiting of gastric juice in a patient with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Modifying influence upon clinical features. PMID- 7261840 TI - Sulfamethoxazole-induced hepatic injury. AB - A patient with several episodes of jaundice associated with sulfamethoxazole therapy is described. In contrast to the histologic picture of hepatocellular necrosis with or without cholestasis that is generally associated with sulfonamide hepatotoxicity, in the present case a relatively pure cholestatic pattern was found. Associated clinical features, as well as the response to drug challenge, were compatible with a hypersensitivity mechanism. The patient's lymphocytes did not undergo in vitro blast transformation upon stimulation with sulfamethoxazole or sulfamethoxazole-containing plasmas. PMID- 7261841 TI - Ouabain-induced inotropism of isolated newborn and adult rabbit myocardium. AB - Relative sensitivities tp ouabain of atrial and ventricular muscles from 1-week and 4-month rabbits were compared in vitro. Ventricular muscles were also studied with prior treatment that minimized unphysiological, stimulation-induced release of norepinephrine (propanolol and/or reserpinization). Atrial and pretreated ventricular muscles from the newborn showed (a) higher sensitivity to ouabain and (b) the same "relative' positive inotropic effect (RPIE) when compared to those of the adult (RPIE is ouabain-induced inotropism relative to the maximal calcium induced inotropism and represents ouabain-specific-inotropism). With no prior treatment, ventricular muscles from the newborn showed a nonsignificant tendency toward a lower sensitivity to ouabain and a significantly lower RPIE than those of the adult. These results suggest that under normal physiological conditions, the newborn myocardium may be more sensitive to ouabain than that of the adult. PMID- 7261842 TI - Plasma tocopherol levels in term infants fed breast milk or proprietary formulae. AB - Plasma tocopherol levels were compared at 2 days and 2 weeks in 27 normal term infants fed breast milk or one of two proprietary formulae. Levels rose from cord values of approximately 0.6 to 1 mg/dl at 2 days and 1.6 mg/dl at 2 weeks. There were no significant differences between the three groups. Current levels of tocopherol supplementation in infant formulae result in plasma levels comparable to those achieved with breast milk in healthy term infants. PMID- 7261844 TI - Intravasation of barium sulphate during roentgenography of the Colon. Case Report. AB - This review presents the case history of a 67-year-old man, referred to hospital with severe ulcerative colitis. Treatment at home with prednisolone enemas had had very poor results. Coloscopy revealed large proctitis ulcerations with two polyps. Pathological anatomical examination: severe colitis, probably ulcerations. Intravasation of barium sulphate into the venous system occurred during roentgenography of the colon. Cardiac arrest occurred, and irreversible brain lesions developed. PMID- 7261843 TI - Comparison of reserpine-induced supersensitivity of newborn and adult rabbit ventricular muscles to cardiotonic agents. AB - The myocardium of the neonate has incomplete sympathetic innervation and decreased sensitivity to cardiotonic agents. It is not known whether the neonatal myocardium exhibits the tendency to develop reserpine-induced supersensitivity to cardiotonic agents. Using isolated ventricular muscles from 1-week-old and adult rabbits, concentration-response relationships of inotropic tension to isoproterenol, ouabain, norepinephrine and calcium were determined with and without reserpine pretreatment. Ventricular muscles from the newborn animals exhibited the same degree of reserpine-induced supersensitivity to isoproterenol and ouabain as that seen in the adult animals. Although the newborn demonstrated reserpine-induced supersensitivity to calcium, the adult did not. Neither age group demonstrated reserpine-induced supersensitivity to norepinephrine. These findings indicate that newborn animals are capable of producing reserpine-induced supersensitivity, despite the immaturity of their cardiac sympathetic innervation, contractile machinery and beta-adrenergic mechanisms. These results also indicate the non-selective nature of reserpine-induced supersensitivity. PMID- 7261845 TI - Disappearing gallstones: 5 more cases point to the mechanism. AB - Report of 5 cases, in which gallstones spontaneously disappeared from the gallbladder. In 1 of these cases a cholangiography detected a stone in the act of passing along the common bile duct. PMID- 7261847 TI - Tuberculous abscess of the retrosternal thyroid gland displacing the oesophagus. AB - Infections of the thyroid gland have been reported for various organisms, bacterial, parasite, fungus and virus, acute or chronic, suppurative or non suppurative. Two rare conditions when combined are even rarer, the tuberculous abscess of the retrosternal thyroid gland, causing extrinsic pressure effect and producing dysphagia. Rapid relief of symptoms occurred after surgery and followed after antituberculous therapy. PMID- 7261846 TI - Pelvic pneumography in the investigation of patients with primary amenorrhoea. AB - A comparative analysis of a prospective study of 31 patients presenting with primary amenorrhoea is given. Most patients were studied by radiodiagnostic pelvic pneumography as well as chromosome analysis. The radiological findings were confirmed by laparotomy, thus vindicating pelvic pneumography as an accurate diagnostic tool in this environment. The commonest causes of primary amenorrhoea are Mullerian and ovarian agenesis singly or in combination. Occasionally, tuberculosis may also present as primary amenorrhoea. PMID- 7261848 TI - Transluminal iliac artery dilatation. Technique of the Dotter procedure. PMID- 7261849 TI - Radiological aspects of ischaemic colitis. A review. AB - The two main forms of ischaemic colitis-gangrenous and non-gangrenous with their subclassification- are described and their radiological aspects presented. A barium enema, carried out during the initial phase of the illness and repeated 2 3 weeks later -- in order to follow the course of the diseases -- is the most important diagnostic method. Endoscopy, clinical symptoms and the course of the disease may contribute to the final diagnosis especially in differentiating ischaemic colitis from granulomatous diseases. PMID- 7261850 TI - A safe technique for the delivery of "Mini' Gianturco stainless steel coils. AB - A modified introducer guide wire for the delivery of mini-coils is described. Mini-coils can now be used through standard tapered catheters with an inside diameter large enough to let pass of 0.97-mm (0.038-in) guide wire. PMID- 7261851 TI - Arterial hypertension treated by angioplasty (Dotter). A serious complication. AB - Typical renovascular hypertension in a middle-aged woman was treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The initial result was good, but cerebral complications developed within 2 weeks. Examination of the major neck vessels before undertaking treatment leading to a permanent reduction in the blood pressure, is recommended. PMID- 7261852 TI - Exploiting gravity in abdominal angiography. AB - The difference between the specific gravity of blood and contrast medium and the consequent tendency of contrast media to fill the lower tissues is exploited in abdominal angiography by special positioning of patients: prone for the coeliac, hepatic and mesenteric arteries, prone with the legs raised for abdominal aortography; lateral decubitus on the side of interest for renal angiography. The advantages are better parenchymal opacification, increased contrast and improved details. Gravity positioning saves time and material, and is easy to learn. PMID- 7261853 TI - Diagnostic features of chronic pancreatitis distal to benign and to malignant pancreatic duct obstruction. AB - Differentiation between diffuse chronic pancreatitis and pancreatitis distal to a malignant or benign stenosis has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. We examined the retrograde pancreatograms of 64 patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of diffuse chronic pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis distal to a benign tumor and chronic pancreatitis distal to a malignant tumor. The nature of the stenosis was often difficult to determine from the shape of the pancreatic duct only. By using discriminant analysis it was possible to determine an allocation rule based on 8 criteria mainly derived from changes in the pancreatic ductuli. This allocation rule allowed the correct diagnosis to be made in 24 out of 26 patients with diffuse chronic pancreatitis (92%), 19 out of 20 patients with pancreatitis distal to a benign tumor (95%) and all 18 patients (100%) with pancreatitis distal to a malignancy. PMID- 7261854 TI - Radiological considerations in the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in the newborn. PMID- 7261855 TI - Periosteal 'sunburst' pattern due to a prostatic metastasis. PMID- 7261856 TI - Embolization of a large (nonoperable) renal tumor and subsequent CT control. PMID- 7261857 TI - Selection of renal background for quantitative 131I-hippurate relative renal function studies. AB - In a series of 100 patients with a full range of normal to poor renal function it was found, using 99mTC--albumin, that the zone between the superior poles of the kidneys best approximates the vascular pool in the renal areas. It is therefore possible to perform sufficiently accurate background-corrected relative renal function studies with 131I-hippurate alone. It is most valid in monitoring renal function in follow-up examinations. Both the accumulated 1- to 2-min count and 0- to 3-min count of the estimated net 131I-hippurate renogram were compared to a standard 99mTc-albumin corrected 131I-hippurate renogram for relative renal function measurements and they correlated very well (r = 0.91). The integrated 0- to 3-min count is preferred to the integrated 1- to 2-min count as the former yields better counting statistics, particularly in renal failure. PMID- 7261858 TI - A monoclonal antibody to the murine teratoma, F9: an immunocytochemical demonstration of tissue specificity. AB - The normal tissue distribution of the antigens recognized by a monoclonal antibody (LICR LON 28/22/23) reacting with a murine teratocarcinoma cell line and the preimplantation mouse embryo is described. The antigen(s) was found to be present in tissues derived from all the germ layers of the embryo, and to be found in the membrane and cytoplasm of cells of different tissues. In stratified and pseudostratified epithelia, of mouse and rat tissues, it was expressed only by the basal cells and it was also found on the myoepithelial cells of the lactating rat breast. In these tissues it could provide a useful marker for carcinogenesis studies. PMID- 7261859 TI - Functional studies of lymph nodes infiltrated by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Cell cultures have been carried out using lymphoid cell suspensions derived from non-neoplastic human lymph nodes and nodes involved by non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Two mitogens, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and/or pokeweed mitogen (PWM), were added to the cultures and the cytological changes assessed by light and electron microscopy. PHA was found to transform lymphocytes into larger cells whose ultrastructural features closely resembled those of germinal centre cells and some tumour cells found in malignant lymphomas. After 3 days' stimulation of malignant lymphoma cells with PWM, a cell population emerged with ultrastructural features similar to those cells described after 5-7 days stimulation of normal lymphocytes by PWM. Malignant lymphoma cells may thus be partially stimulated and possibly arrested at a certain stage in their transformation. PMID- 7261860 TI - Human lymphoid cell lines and glucocorticoids: II. Whole cell and cytoplasmic binding properties of lymphoblastoid, leukaemia and lymphoma lines. AB - The glucocorticoid binding properties of 18 human lymphoid cell lines (HLCL) have been investigated. The specificity of steroid binding was confirmed with various glucocorticoid agonists and antagonists. A gradation in whole cell and cytoplasmic glucocorticoid binding capacity was observed in the different cell line types: lymphoblastoid greater than lymphoma greater than leukaemia. The cytoplasmic receptors of leukaemia and lymphoblastoid lines appeared to contain both proteinaceous and phospholipid components. Cytoplasmic steroid-receptor complexes exhibited a wide range of sedimentation coefficients (8.5-11.3S) in low ionic strength buffer but there was no correlation with cell line type or glucocorticoid sensitivity. Activation of these complexes by heat (37 degrees C) or exposure to high ionic strength buffer (0.3 M NaCl) induced nuclear binding of steroid but only complexes in high ionic strength buffer manifested changes in sedimentation coefficient. No correlation was observed between the level or nature of glucocorticoid binding and the cytolethal or cytostatic responsiveness of HLCL to glucocorticoid treatment in vitro. The resistance to cytolethal effects cannot be ascribed to a failure of cells to take up and bind steroid or to significant differences in the molecular species of cytoplasmic receptors present. The molecular mechanisms by which glucocorticoids achieve cytolethal responses in human lymphoid cells has still to be resolved. PMID- 7261861 TI - Ectopic pregnancy. A prospective study on differential diagnosis. AB - This study analyzes the clinicopathologic findings in patients with ectopic pregnancy (EP), and deals with the differential diagnosis of the EP, intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). We evaluated 346 patients with suspected EP. Among those, 119 patients had EP, 82 had IUP, and 55 had PID without pregnancy. The incidence of EP was 1/32.9 live births. Comparing with the other groups, the patients with EP were slightly older, gave a history of previous pregnancies, had acute abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and fainting, and had direct and rebound abdominal tenderness, pain on motion of the cervix, absence of a pelvic mass, and bilateral adnexal or cul de sac fullness. Culdocentesis was accurate in 95.1% of EP cases. Salpingectomy was performed in 89.9% of the patients with EP. The patients with EP had gross evidence of PID at the surgery in 31% and microscopic evidence of tubal inflammation in 19.4% of cases. PMID- 7261862 TI - Habitual abortion. Two factors of increasing frequency. AB - This paper deals with two major uterine factors in infertility and habitual abortion that are now occurring with increasing frequency. They are Asherman's syndrome and the syndrome of the incompetent internal cervical os. By focusing on the uterus whenever a history is suggestive, it is possible to arrive swiftly at a diagnosis. A fresh approach to the problem of investigating these patients is suggested. Tests can be based on clues provided by the patient. Methods of diagnosis and treatment are discussed. If patients are evaluated with an etiology in mind, a comprehensive study and management can be planned that will save time and expense. PMID- 7261863 TI - Peripheral white blood cell alterations in early labor. AB - The peripheral blood counts of 101 pregnant women in very early labor and 41 nonpregnant controls were compared through automated total and differential blood count techniques. There were profound quantitative changes in the peripheral bloods of the pregnant women. These included, in association with pregnancy, increases in the absolute number (per ml) of total white cell counts (p less than 0.0005), segmented neutrophils (p less than 0.0005), band neutrophils (p less than 0.0005), and monocytes (p less than 0.0005). In contrast, there was a significant decrease in the absolute number (per ml) of peripheral lymphocytes in pregnancy (p less than 0.05) and a significantly larger proportion of bloods from pregnant women had less than 10(6) lymphocytes per ml (p less than 0.0005). The percentage of segmented neutrophils increased significantly during pregnancy (p less than 0.0005) as did band neutrophils (p less than 0.0005). We also noted a significant decrease in the percentages of peripheral lymphocytes (p less than 0.0005). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the percentages of monocytes between pregnant women and nonpregnant controls. The increase in the absolute number of monocytes and the decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes led to a significant decrease in lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (p less than 0.0005) during pregnancy. It is concluded that the maternal peripheral blood changes in late pregnancy may reflect immune changes required for the immune adaption between fetus and mother-host. PMID- 7261864 TI - Sex cord tumor with annular tubules. PMID- 7261865 TI - Endometrial adenosarcoma with pelvic involvement following uterine perforation. AB - An 85-year-old woman had a 7-year history of recurrent uterine adenosarcoma. One year after curettage-related uterine perforation, she developed a pelvic mass that was attached to the uterine serosa and was histologically identical to her endometrial lesions. The pelvic neoplasm probably resulted from implantation of tumor through the myometrial tear and is the first reported example of serosal adenosarcoma following myometrial perforation. The definition of sarcomatous stroma in Mullerian adenosarcoma, and thus its separation from adenofibroma, has not been delineated. A review of the literature indicates, however, that lesions recurring after hysterectomy have greater than three mitotic figures per 10 high power fields. Incompletely excised neoplasms, treated by dilation and curettage only, often regrow, regardless of mitotic rate. Adenosarcoma may have a deceptively bland low-power pattern and must be differentiated from adenofibroma and benign polyps. PMID- 7261866 TI - Sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary. A case report and further observations. AB - A case of sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary in a 16-year-old girl is described. The lesion had the characteristic mixed pseudolobular pattern with cellular areas separated by edematous stroma. A prominent, additional feature was the presence of partially or completely obstructed vessels at the hilus. It is proposed that these vascular changes may be the cause of the edema in the tumor. PMID- 7261867 TI - Carcinoma in situ and condyloma acuminatum in the cervix. AB - Although the relation between the virus of condyloma acuminatum and carcinoma of the cervix has been suspected, in the patient whose report follows, the presence of the viral lesion in the cervix next to an area of carcinoma in situ was demonstrated histologically. PMID- 7261868 TI - Significance of the midline echo in the ultrasound diagnosis of hydrocephalus. AB - Fetal intracranial anatomy can now be visualized as early as the 13th to 15th menstrual week using commercially available ultrasound equipment. It has consequently become possible to diagnose hydrocephalus early in pregnancy, often in the second trimester. We present a case of unsuspected hydrocephalus diagnosed in utero which demonstrated marked undulation of the midline echo. The significance of the midline echo and the diagnostic criteria in evaluating hydrocephalus are discussed. PMID- 7261869 TI - Diagnosis--the lost art. PMID- 7261870 TI - [Changes in the receptive fields of neurons in the posterior temporal cortex in the cat]. PMID- 7261871 TI - [Differing degrees of reactivation of peritoneal cell nuclei in heterokaryons with resting, proliferation-stimulated and constantly proliferating cells]. PMID- 7261872 TI - [Cholinesterase hydrolysis of specific substrates at different concentrations]. PMID- 7261873 TI - [Specific role of cells whose receptors do not vanish for a long time from the cell surface in transmembrane activation of lymphocytes by concanavalin A]. PMID- 7261874 TI - [Sex differences in the pituitary gonadotropic function in Gobius melanostomus Pallas]. PMID- 7261875 TI - [Inactivation of phage MS-2 by diepoxybutane]. PMID- 7261876 TI - [Regulation of the functioning of molluscan neuron cholinoreceptors by succinate and noradrenaline]. PMID- 7261877 TI - [Content of sex steroids in the blood of female sables in the initial stages of postnatal ontogenesis]. PMID- 7261878 TI - [Double-chambered right ventricle (20 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261880 TI - [Low energy defibrillation in cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261879 TI - [Digoxin therapy with maintenance dose: an analysis of the serum levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261881 TI - [Report of the blood pressure survey of Liangshan, Yi nationality peasants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261883 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital double outlet right ventricle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261882 TI - [Clinical study of pulmonary artery involvement in aortoarteritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261884 TI - [The relationship between prolonged P-R interval with change of posture (with report of 31 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261885 TI - [A report of prevention and treatment of hypertension and coronary heart disease in Daqing Oil Field from 1975 to 1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261886 TI - [Observations of 24 hour dynamic electrocardiography in 56 patients with syncopal attack, dizziness and palpitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261887 TI - [Report of 4 cases with persistent atrial tachycardia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261888 TI - [Coronary arterial fistula--report of 5 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261889 TI - [Surgical treatment of Fallot's trilogy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261890 TI - [Mitral stenosis caused by multiple myeloma: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261891 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of congenital aorto-pulmonary septal defect: a report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261893 TI - [Anatomical study on the membranous ventricular septum of the Chinese (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261892 TI - [Pathological observation on the formation and regression of experimental atherosclerotic plaques (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261894 TI - [Effect of rubber seed oil on the development and regression of experimental atherosclerosis of the aorta in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261895 TI - [A simple equation for the determination of cardiac output by impedance method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261896 TI - [Clinical ECG observations on intra-atrial ectopic pacemaker conduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261897 TI - Generalization of drug-seeking behavior in dogs. AB - Drug-naive dogs which do not spontaneously initiate morphine self-administration were given one of three treatments and tested for subsequent morphine self administration. Neither the dogs given the treatment of response-contingent drinking water nor those given d-amphetamine by passive infusions subsequently showed significant self-administration of morphine. However, the third group which self-administered d-amphetamine did subsequently self-administer morphine. The data suggest that self-administration of one reinforcing psychoactive drug may increase the probability of subsequently self-administering another. PMID- 7261898 TI - After how many detoxications is rehabilitation probable? AB - The outcome of alcohol detoxication programmes was assessed in Ontario and New York. Clinical records showed that less than 40% of patients completed the referral from thier fist detoxication to a rehabilitation programme and that the probability of entering a rehabilitation programme decreased markedly as the number of detoxications increased. Also, as the number of detoxications increased, patients were admitted to the centers more frequently and at shorter intervals. Only a small percentage showed marked benefit from multiple treatments. The success of detoxication facilities in achieving rehabilitation appeared limited. PMID- 7261899 TI - Drug-related mortality in an inner city area. AB - A comprehensive survey of mortality amongst addicts was carried out in an inner city area of London over a period of 9 years (1971-1979). One hundred and seventy five deaths were noted during this period with a sharp rise occurring in the latter 2 years. Overdose was the predominant cause of death with barbiturates being implicated in 60% of the fatalities. Almost all the addicts who died were under the age of 35 years and about half were not known to the authorities. PMID- 7261900 TI - The Swedish methadone maintenance program: a controlled study. AB - Thirty-four drug addicts, aged 20 - 24 years, with a history of 4 - 8 years of intravenous heroin abuse, were randomly assigned either to a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) (17) or to an untreated group (17). The untreated controls could not apply for entrance to the program until two years later. It was found that after two years 12 MMT patients had abandoned their drug habits and begun work, whereas 5 had recurrent drug abuse problems. Of the controls, one was drug-free and gainfully employed, 12 were continuously abusing heroin (3 of these had incurred potentially fatal diseases in consequence), 2 were in prison and 2 had diet. Two to seven years after their first visit to the Psychiatric Research Center 8 of the original control group have been accepted into the program. At present 19 (out of 25 admitted) are gainfully employed and no longer abusing drugs. Among the remaining controls 4 are dead, 3 are in prison, one in spite of a serious heart condition abuses heroin and one is drug-free. The rehabilitation rate was thus 76 per cent in the program as compared to 6 per cent among the control group. In addition, MMT obviously reduced the high morbidity and mortality rates found in a selection of heroin addicts who fulfilled the admittance criteria of the Swedish program. PMID- 7261901 TI - Drug abuse trends among German youth. AB - Data of drug consumption in Baden-Wurtemberg, Bavaria and West Germany are presented for the period 1967 to 1977. Two different indicators (representative surveys, and overdose deaths and apprehended illicit drugs) are compared. It can be stated that Germany is now in the third development stage of drug consumption characterized by a decentralizing drug scene and the concentration of a hard core of drug users. More than one-third of the hard core contact physicians three times and then move on. This relationship in particular should be analyzed more deeply in the future. PMID- 7261902 TI - Heavy drug abuse in Sweden 1979 - a national case-finding study. AB - An investigation was carried out as a case-finding study to estimate the scale of heavy drug abuse in Sweden. Just over 8200 persons were reported as heavy drug abusers, 80% of these as injecting. For the majority of those reported more than one type of drug was indicated. There was concurrent abuse of alcohol by a majority of the heavy drug abusers. After correction of non-response with a modified capture-recapture technique and for erroneous classification, the scale of heavy drug abuse was estimated at 10000 - 14000 persons. PMID- 7261903 TI - The etiology of problem drinking in the workplace. AB - American railroad workers (n = 5804) were surveyed to test whether occupational risk factors specified by Trice and Roman are related to problem drinking. Because sex and age covary strongly with problem drinking and these variables are also likely to covary with occupation, the effects of sex and age were partialled from the correlations in these analyses. Although correlations were without exception small (p less than 0.10) many were significant (p less than 0.05), lending support to the hypothesis that some characteristics of the work situation are likely to cause or to foster problem drinking at least to some degree. As with most correlational studies, it is impossible firmly to establish direction of causality, and the possibility remains that some of the results reported here reflect the gravitation of problem drinkers into jobs where they are less likely to be discovered, in danger, or dangerous. PMID- 7261904 TI - Psychosocial factors influencing alcohol problems in West German survey samples. AB - In order to distinguish between different types of people endangered by alcohol, five different indicators were used to classify the degree of alcohol affinity: KFA/Feuerlein, German version of part of the Manson Evaluation, alcohol-in-blood concentration, and frequency and amount of drinking. The degree of alcohol affinity potential is quite different depending on each indicator. All indicators together discriminate between nine independent types (each for men/women) of alcohol-endangered people. Further-more, five independent drinking motivations could be factor analyzed. The diversity in this field was completed by sixteen different therapies used by physicians for alcoholism treatment. PMID- 7261905 TI - Azlocillin. PMID- 7261906 TI - Ticarcillin: a better vial size. PMID- 7261907 TI - Lithium and psoriasis. PMID- 7261908 TI - Management of migraine. PMID- 7261909 TI - [Chemical carcinogens and their relevance for cancer induction in man with special reference to dermatological problems (author's transl)]. AB - The problem of iatrogenic carcinogenesis is treated with special reference to dermatological dispensings. The problem of arsenic as a drug, of cytostatic drugs, antimycotic drugs and external dispensings is discussed. The chance to induce cancer by medical treatment in dermatology is considered to be very low since arsenic has been eliminated. PMID- 7261910 TI - [Evaluation of reduced work capacity in so-called pitch skin (BK-Ziffer 5102)]. PMID- 7261911 TI - [Diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7261912 TI - [Early diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis (author's transl)]. AB - Electron microscopic investigations of liver biopsy specimens in 16 patients with a clinically suspected diagnosis of chronic obstructive non-purulent cholangitis as the early stage of primary biliary cirrhosis showed characteristic changes of the intrahepatic biliary canaliculi. These consist of a coarsening and reduction of microvilli, thickening of pericanalicular ectoplasm and intercellular gaps as well as increasing obliteration of the canalicular lumen. Typical primary biliary cirrhosis developed in 6 patients over an observation period of 3 years. The ultrastructural findings may contribute towards identification of morphogenesis of this disease. They are possibly pathognomonic for the early stage of the disease. However, the precipitating factor remains unknown. PMID- 7261913 TI - [Late cardiac manifestations of Reiter's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Serious cardiac late manifestations were observed in two patients with Reiter's disease 15 and 26 years after the onset of the disease. There is a striking similarity with cardiac involvement in Bechterew's disease. Including cases reported in the literature there is an interval of 4-21 years, average 15 years, between the first conclusive symptoms of Reiter's disease and cardiac late manifestations. These present as isolated aortic valve insufficiency. Valves are not affected due to inflammatory changes but due to dilatation of the valve ring and of the left ventricular outflow channel. In addition, severe disturbances of the atrioventricular conduction are seen localised both in the AV node area and in the distal His-Purkinje fibres. In both observed cases surgical aortic valve replacement became necessary 20-31 years after disease onset. One patient had to have a permanent cardiac pacemaker. PMID- 7261915 TI - [Diagnosis of liver fibrosis]. PMID- 7261914 TI - [Exercise-induced platelet aggregation: in vitro and ex-vivo aggregation of human platelets after administration of crystalline adrenaline and after ergometric exercise (author's transl)]. AB - Even at an adrenaline concentration of 10(-9) mol/l, using strictly defined in vitro flow conditions at 37 degrees C and physiological pH levels, there is a significant rise in platelet aggregation above control values (nine subjects, P lesser than 0.025). According to published reports, this concentration range is reached during physical exercise. Accordingly, there was also a rise in platelet number and spontaneous aggregation (P lesser than 0.01) in eleven healthy male subjects (average age 25, range 22-33, years) during ergometric exercise. These results and published reports indicate the potential danger of untrained elderly persons with vascular disease developing an increase in platelet aggregation during exercise. PMID- 7261916 TI - [Do autopsy fees belong to the hospital or to the physician in chief?]. PMID- 7261917 TI - [Differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7261918 TI - [The stereo judgment]. PMID- 7261919 TI - ["Low T3" syndrome]. PMID- 7261920 TI - [Recognition and management of perforation of the gastro-intestinal tract during endoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - In the course of 71/2 years there occurred 37 cases of perforation of the gastro intestinal tract after endoscopic investigation or operation in the abdominal region. Analysis of the therapeutic results indicates that immediate laparotomy in case of confirmed perforation provides the best survival chance. In individual cases with pneumoperitoneum and no symptoms careful supervision in a surgical intensive care unit before surgical intervention can be justified. PMID- 7261921 TI - [Reasons for repeated serologically unsuccessful (HAI-HIG test) rubella vaccination (author's transl)]. AB - Following vaccination against rubella, persons are sometimes detected who, despite repeated rubella vaccinations (Cendehill strain), show absence of seroconversion in the HAI or HIG test. Eighteen female probands, showing no serological antibody response on two occasions, by the above test methods after vaccination, demonstrated seroimmunity before vaccination documented by neutralising antibodies against rubella virus in serum samples, or a booster effect induced by the vaccination. The reason for these apparent vaccination failures could be a residual immunity following either rubella infection in utero or in earliest childhood. PMID- 7261923 TI - [Clinical laboratory diagnosis of urolithiasis]. PMID- 7261922 TI - [Diagnosis of the irritable colon: manometric and myoelectric investigations (author's transl)]. AB - Manometric investigations of patients with irritable colon show an undisturbed cyclic course of interdigestive motility studies of the rectosigmoid in patients with irritable colon show a spectrum of variable frequency of slow membrane potential changes with predominance of a frequency of 3/min. In addition, after a 1000 calorie test meal, patients with irritable colon showed a significantly prolonged increase of motility. As functional disturbances of irritable colon are mainly diagnosed by exclusion of organic changes, further development and rational use of colonic myoelectric methods promises future possibilities for objective diagnosis and control of treatment. PMID- 7261924 TI - [Tracheotomy or intubation? Problems with long-term intensive care patients]. AB - Three groups of probands were established among 77 long-term intensive care patients. Group I comprised cases intubated for more than 7 days, group II underwent tracheotomy after a variable time of intubation, and group III were tracheotomised immediately. All complications were severalfold more frequent in patients with hypercatabolic underlying disease than in those with less severe underlying disease. Long-term intubation led generally to laryngeal damage after one week and increased frequency of pneumonia after two weeks. Patients with tracheotomy after an interval showed frequent pneumonias only after one month. Inflammatory changes of trachea, bronchi, and tracheostoma with the appropriate consequences were frequent. Lower tracheal stenoses occurred in approximately 10% of cases in group II. The lowest complication rate was observed in patients tracheotomised immediately. Patients with hypercatabolic disease without prospects for improvement in the near future should be tracheotomised as early as possible. Tracheotomy can be postponed for up to three weeks if regression is to be expected in that time. In diseases without rapid physical deterioration the indication for tracheotomy can be postponed for six weeks. PMID- 7261925 TI - [Sonographic diagnosis in nephrolithiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261927 TI - [Diagnosis of virus diseases. Principles of highly sensitive serologic demonstration methods]. PMID- 7261926 TI - [Chronic pulmonary cryptococcosis. A case contribution for diagnosis of cryptococcosis in man from a pathologic-anatomic viewpoint]. AB - Routine use of differential nutrients for isolating cryptococcus neoformans (Staib-Agar) during post-mortem examination revealed previously unsuspected chronic pulmonary cryptococcosis in a 64-year-old woman. Cause of recurrent pleural effusions over three years were probably sub-pleural cryptococcomas. In on-target and specific search for the cryptococcosis pathogen, the lung deserves special attention as a probable gateway. PMID- 7261928 TI - [How the cat catches the bird. Functional differences between fast and slow muscle fibers]. PMID- 7261929 TI - [Toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 7261930 TI - [Immunopathological complications in enteric yersiniosis: incidence and serological diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Using the Widal reaction, significant titres against Yersinia enterocolitica, O group I and V, were found in 300 of 2843 patients (10.5%) with reactive arthritis or arthralgia, and in 38 (1.3%) against Y. pseudotuberculosis type I to V. Of 510 patients with erythema nodosum 86 (16.9%) and 30 (5.9%), respectively, had significant agglutinin titres against one or the other. The results confirm the aetiological significance of Y. pseudotuberculosis, type I to V, in reactive arthritis and erythema nodosum, as well as the essential saturation of patient sera especially with Salmonella of the B or D group in the demonstration of significant antibody titres against Y. pseudotuberculosis, type II and IV. Complement-fixation tests cannot be recommended for the diagnosis of enteric Yersiniosis and its complications. Only in 201 of 554 serum samples (36.3%) with significant agglutinin titres against Y. enterocolitica O-group I and V (0 : 3 and 0 : 9 after Winblad) did the results of the Widal reaction and the microcomplement-fixation reaction agree, titres apart. PMID- 7261932 TI - [Ultrasound misdiagnosis of gallbladder concrements in "phrygian cap" deformity (author's transl)]. AB - Gallbladder septa, for example, in "phrygian cap" deformity, may in rare cases lead to a misdiagnosis of gallbladder stones when B-mode ultrasound with gray scale is used. Among 4,000 upper abdominal ultrasound examinations which included the gallbladder one such case was observed. In view of the frequency of septated gallbladders (about 15%) this, although very rare, cause of false-positive diagnosis of stone should be taken into consideration when interpreting ultrasound tracings. PMID- 7261931 TI - [Influence of azosemide on renal metildigoxin excretion (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of the diuretic azosemide on metildigoxin blood levels and on renal excretion was assessed in 20 patients with chronic cardiac failure. Two groups, each of 10 patients, were treated for 14 days with 0.1 and 0.2 mg metildigoxin, respectively. All patients received 2 tablets of azosemide, 80 mg each, from day 12 to 14 of treatment. There was no significant influence of the diuretic either on blood levels or renal excretion of metildigoxin. PMID- 7261933 TI - [Exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease. Advantages and disadvantages]. PMID- 7261934 TI - [Determination of blood constituents with dry reagent carriers. Comparison with wet chemical tests (author's transl)]. AB - Quantitative measurement of blood constituents (glucose, uric acid, urea-N) on dry reagent carriers was compared with corresponding wet-chemical methods. There was a good correlation (r greater than 0.95) and excellent linear regression with small scatter between the two methods for the three constituents. The dry test has proved to be a precise, simple, rapid and economic method, especially suitable for the practitioner and emergency laboratory. PMID- 7261935 TI - [Treatment of inoperable liver metastases: preliminary results with intrahepatic chemotherapy via a new type of indwelling catheter (author's transl)]. AB - Intra-arterial liver perfusion of cytostatic drugs via an indwelling double-lumen polyurethane catheter was undertaken in 17 patients with diffuse metastases involving 50-70% of the liver and previously treated by radical local resections. Treatment continued over 3-20 months (mean 8.4 months). In ten patients with colorectal carcinoma treatment lasted for 7 months, follow-up for a mean of 14 months (range 5-24 months), and the one-year survival time (using the actuarial method) was 79 +/- 26%. The toxicity was well controllable. It is concluded that this form of treatment improves quality of life in such patients. PMID- 7261936 TI - [Jaundice following sulfinpyrazone administration]. PMID- 7261937 TI - [Is methyltestosterone no longer used therapeutically?]. PMID- 7261938 TI - [Long-term haemodynamic effect of high doses of isosorbid dinitrate (80 mg) in slow-release form in coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261939 TI - [Spontaneous migration of large stones from the bile duct (author's transl)]. AB - Spontaneous migration of bile-duct stones through the papilla into the intestine was directly observed in two patients with choledocholithiasis. The mechanism of such spontaneous migration lies in the development of a pressure necrosis at the papilla causing a tear in its pore. Spontaneous migration of stone from the common bile duct can be assumed when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography reveals a balloon-shaped swollen papilla with a torn pore, and previously observed obstructive jaundice regresses in the presence of stone-free, though perhaps somewhat dilated, bile passages. PMID- 7261940 TI - [Propranolol, triamteren and hydrochlorothiazide in fixed combinations in the treatment of hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - The antihypertensive effect of propranolol, in fixed combinations with two dosages of triamteren and hydrochlorothiazide (Dociteren), was evaluated in a double-blind test on 19 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. No significant differences between the two dosages were found with respect to heart rate, as well as systolic and diastolic pressures on lying and standing up. Mean systolic and diastolic pressures were within the normotensive range with both dosages after four weeks. Increasing the diuretic component increased the type and frequency of side effects, without any additional therapeutic advantage. In seven of nine patients the previously present signs of left ventricular hypertrophy disappeared. In 9 patients the mean value of the Sokolow-Lyon index (RV5 + SV1) decreased from 4.078 mV before to 3.31 mV after an eight-week period of treatment. The results of various laboratory tests, except for a transient hyperuricaemia, did not change significantly. PMID- 7261941 TI - [A floating capsule with slow release of drugs: a new method of oral drug medication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7261942 TI - [Hematuria. General diagnosis]. PMID- 7261943 TI - [Antibiotic prevention--sensible or not?]. PMID- 7261944 TI - [Problems of the physician's duty of documentation]. PMID- 7261945 TI - Hepatic glutathione content and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity of acetaminophen-treated mice as a function of age. AB - Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in cells as an antioxidant, and participates in the detoxification of drugs and foreign chemicals. The effect of age on hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity and the ability of these mice to respond to the acute administration of acetaminophen (AAP) has been studied. Female Swiss Webster mice at ages 3, 9, and 18 mo were treated i.p. with 500 mg/kg AAP, and hepatic GSH content and AHH activity were determined at 0, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hrs. The hepatic GSH levels and the AHH activity in 18 mo old mice were 43% and 36% lower, respectively, as compared to the 3 mo old animals. Maximum AAP-induced depletion of GSH occurred 2-4 hrs after treatment. Only in 18 mo animals did GSH fail to return to or exceed control levels 24 hr after AAP administration. Maximum decrease in hepatic AHH activity occurred in all age groups at 10 hr post-AAP administration, and had not returned to control values 24 hr after treatment. The results support the hypothesis that a decrease in GSH and mixed function oxidases may contribute to changes associated with aging as well as to the increased susceptibility to disease and drugs which occur with advanced age. PMID- 7261946 TI - The teratogenic potential of cacodylic acid in the rat and mouse. AB - Cacodylic acid, an organic arsenical herbicide, was administered to time-pregnant albino CD rats and CD-1 mice on days 7-16 of gestation. The compound was given by gastric intubation as a solution in distilled water. Rats received 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 40, 50, or 60 mg/kg/day in 0.2 ml/day intubation volume; mice received 0, 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg/day in 0.1 ml/day. Following maternal sacrifice on day 18 (mice) and 21 (rats), fetuses were weighed and fixed for skeletal and visceral examinations. Fetal and maternal toxicity was observed in both species. In the mouse, maternal toxicity was evident at the lowest dose, while teratogenic response was confined to cleft palate at 400 and 600 mg/kg/day. The effective maternal toxic dose in the rat was 40 mg/kg/day. In this species, incidence of irregular palatine rugae, i.e., ridges that were discontinuous and/or not lying in apposition at the palatal raphe, was significantly (p less than 0.001) dose related. The results suggest an "apparent no effect level" for this anomaly below 30 mg/kg/day. PMID- 7261947 TI - Triethylenemelamine (TEM): dominant lethal effects in Fischer 344 rats. AB - Male Fischer 344 rats were administered triethylenemelamine orally at dose levels of 0, 0.5 or 1.0 mg TEM/kg/day, five days per week for four weeks. A separate group of males was administered TEM as a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.3 mg/kg. Following treatment, males were mated with two groups of untreated females for a period of one week each. The uterine contents of untreated females were examined for evidence of a dominant lethal effect as manifested in an increase in the average resorption rate. Significant increases in the resorption rate were seen at 0.5 mg/kg/day for the second breeding period, and at 1.0 mg/kg/day for both breeding periods following oral administration. Significant decreases in the number of implantations, and increases in the average pre-implantation loss and resorption rate were observed following intraperitoneal administration. These effects seen in Fischer 344 rats were comparable to results obtained with other strains following a similar treatment regimen. PMID- 7261948 TI - Toxicological studies of a leachable stabilizer di-n-butyltin dilaurate(DBTL): effects on hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activities. AB - Toxicological studies of a leachable stabilizer Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (DBTL) were undertaken. Effects of DBTL after 15 days oral exposure to rats were studied on brain and liver enzyme activities. A significant decrease in body weight gain of DBTL exposed rats were observed. No effect was observed in the activities of brain enzymes, succinic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, acetylcholine esterase and monoamine oxidase. In liver, DBTL treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the activities of microsomal enzymes glucose-6 phosphatase, aminopyrine-N-demethylase, benzphetamine-N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase and also on cytochrome P-450 content, whereas no difference in the activities of mitochondrial enzymes, succinic dehydrogenase, Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase as well as in the activity of lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase was observed. Duration of exposure dependent increase in pentabarbital induced sleeping time was also observed. DBTL treatment produced an induction in heme oxygenase activity whereas the activity of aminolevulinic acid synthetase remained unaltered. The results demonstrate that DBTL significantly affects the biotransformation mechanism and heme metabolism of hepatocytes. PMID- 7261949 TI - The risks of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and the use of uricosuric diuretics. AB - Introduction of new uricosuric diuretics will be accompanied by the unknown risk factors associated with the use of any new drug, as demonstrated by reports of hepatic toxicity associated with ticrynafen. In addition to unexpected reactions, there are potential risks related to induction of uricosuria, which are serious and have been reported to occur. More importantly, the risk of developing clinical gout or coronary heart disease due to mild asymptomatic hyperuricaemia appears minimal, so indications for the use of uricosuric diuretics are limited. If a uricosuric diuretic is thought necessary (and is available), it would seem prudent to measure the daily excretion rate of uric acid to identify those patients with hyperuricaemia related to overproduction of uric acid. A uricosuric diuretic should be avoided in those patients, as well as in patients with uric acid stones, and possibly in those with calcium stones. A uricosuric diuretic might be useful for patients with hypertension who also have hyperuricaemia due to a low excretion of uric acid. PMID- 7261950 TI - When blood pressure is difficult to control. PMID- 7261951 TI - Management of recurrent vaginitis. PMID- 7261954 TI - Postmenopausal oestrogen replacement therapy: an appraisal of risks and benefits. PMID- 7261952 TI - Penbutolol: a preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in hypertension and angina pectoris. AB - Penbutolol is a non-selective beta-blocking drug with 'moderate' intrinsic sympathomimetic (partial agonist) properties, and a relatively narrow dose response range. In many other aspects its pharmacological profile resembles that of propranolol. Significant beta-blockade, as demonstrated by reduction in heart rate during exercise in healthy subjects, persists for at least 24 hours after penbutolol administration, and thus the recommended dosage schedule in both hypertension and angina involves single daily doses (20 or 40mg daily) in most patients, with a divided dose (40mg twice daily) if a higher dose is needed. However, most angina prophylaxis studies to date have not been designed to clearly demonstrate that the beneficial effects of beta-blockade with a single dose of penbutolol extend throughout a 24-hour dosing interval. Further studies are needed to provide such evidence. As might be expected, penbutolol appears to be about as effective as usual doses of propranolol in both mild to moderate hypertension and in angina, but much of the clinical experience with the drug is in unpublished form and is thus somewhat difficult to evaluate in detail. The choice of a beta-blocking drug should be based on a knowledge of the characteristic pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the individual drugs within this group, and on careful consideration of how these properties might be used to benefit the individual patient. As is the case with most other beta-blocking drugs, penbutolol has some specific properties (e.g. relatively narrow dose-response range minimising the difficulty of dose titration, moderate intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) which may be used to advantage in certain patients. PMID- 7261955 TI - The vomiting patient: a rational approach. PMID- 7261953 TI - Drug therapy and elective surgery. PMID- 7261956 TI - [Endorphins in psychiatry]. PMID- 7261957 TI - [The Finnish register of congenital malformations and its application to epidemiological studies]. PMID- 7261958 TI - [Percutaneous nephrostomy]. PMID- 7261960 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus]. PMID- 7261959 TI - [Functional disorders in adolescence]. PMID- 7261961 TI - [Clinopathological conference 61. Upper abdominal tumor and plasmacytoma]. PMID- 7261962 TI - The SISI test. PMID- 7261963 TI - Fibrosarcomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses. PMID- 7261964 TI - Sarcoidosis of the larynx. PMID- 7261965 TI - The burning mouth and tongue. PMID- 7261966 TI - Solitary scleroma of the larynx. PMID- 7261967 TI - Subacute pediatric airway problems. PMID- 7261968 TI - Obstructive cervical esophageal hemangioma. PMID- 7261969 TI - Photoanalysis of the rhinoplasty patient. PMID- 7261970 TI - Variations of the Kobrak caloric test. PMID- 7261971 TI - Laryngeal anatomy and mechanisms of trauma. PMID- 7261972 TI - Diagnosis of laryngeal trauma. PMID- 7261973 TI - Radiology of trauma to the pediatric larynx. PMID- 7261974 TI - Laryngeal trauma: surgical therapy in the adult. PMID- 7261975 TI - Pediatric laryngeal reconstruction. PMID- 7261976 TI - Current trends in the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents in diabetes mellitus practical therapeutics. PMID- 7261977 TI - Clinical significance of glyoxalase and creatine phosphokinase during therapeutic radiation of the myocardium. PMID- 7261978 TI - Hypocalcaemia in a hospital population. PMID- 7261979 TI - Antipyrine half-life in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7261980 TI - Concepts in the kinetics of drug administration. I. Theoretical considerations. PMID- 7261981 TI - Concepts in the kinetics of drug administration: II Causes of non-linear kinetics and their clinical implications. PMID- 7261982 TI - Psychological aspects of epilepsy at Kenyatta national hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. PMID- 7261983 TI - Haematological malignancies in adults in an Addis Ababa hospital. PMID- 7261984 TI - A drug utilisation survey of dosage forms dispensed at Kenyatta national hospital Nairobi. PMID- 7261986 TI - Vulnerability of developing brain not explained by cell number/cell size hypothesis. PMID- 7261985 TI - A study of infertility in Kenya: results of investigation of the infertile couple in Nairobi. PMID- 7261987 TI - The influence of maternal fat metabolism on fetal carnitine levels. AB - Carnitine facilitates fatty acid transport across mitochondrial membranes, playing a key role in fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. To investigate the mechanism by which carnitine and its esters are supplied to the fetus, we measured free carnitine (FC) and acyl carnitine (AC) in amniotic fluid during late pregnancy, and FC, AC and beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) in maternal and fetal plasma at vaginal term delivery. Amniotic fluid AC levels were elevated in pregnancies complicated by toxemia and diabetes mellitus, possibly reflecting placental transfer during abnormal fat catabolism. Maternal plasma levels of beta OHB and AC were elevated and positively correlated at vaginal delivery, indicating enhanced fatty acid utilization. The positive correlation between maternal and fetal FC, AC and beta-OHB plasma levels suggests placental transfer. The maternal-fetal concentration gradient was descending for beta-OHB and AC and ascending for FC. No umbilical venous-arterial gradient for AF and beta-OHB was found, suggesting that the fetus does not utilize substantial amounts of either substance. The results demonstrate that fetal FC and AC levels are influenced by changes in maternal fat metabolism. PMID- 7261988 TI - Sex related effects of nutritional supplementation during pregnancy on fetal growth. AB - Nutritional supplementation of low income women during pregnancy increased birth weight significantly only in the male offspring. No differences by sex were apparent in the amount of supplementation, length of gestation or maternal characteristics known to be associated with birth weight. Regression analysis revealed a significant supplementation by sex interaction. The fetal growth curve of the supplemented males was higher and roughly parallel to the curve of females, and showed an effect of supplementation prior to 35 weeks of gestation. These findings and those of other authors support the hypothesis that fetal growth of males towards the end of pregnancy is more rapid and hence more susceptible to adverse environmental influences than that of females. This is reflected in a reduction of the difference in birth weight in favor of males observed in well-nourished populations. It is postulated that male subjects therefore exhibit sensitivity to nutritional supplementation of their mothers during pregnancy. PMID- 7261989 TI - The relationships between maternal HbA1, maternal size and fetoplacental size in Indian pregnancies. AB - A study of pregnant Punjabi, Indian women was carried out to establish whether or not there was a relationship between maternal HbA1 at term and birth weight of the baby. Measurements were made on the mother, placenta and baby. The regression of birth weight on placenta weight gave a correlation (r = 0.7, P less than 0.01, n = 59). No correlation was found between HbA1 and birth weight, birth weight corrected for placenta weight, or placenta weight. However, there was a weak but significant correlation between HbA1 and an adjusted placenta weight, expressed as a ratio Bwt'/Plwt', (r = 0.27, P less than 0.05, n = 56). PMID- 7261991 TI - Aspects of the mother-infant relationship during nursing, 1 and 6 weeks after early extended post-partum contact. AB - Two groups of mothers receiving different amounts of contact with their infants immediately after delivery were compared. Three aspects of the mother-infant relationship during breastfeeding were selected for analysis: (1) the behaviour of the mother when the baby was attached versus unattached to the nipple, (2) maternal behaviour when the baby's eyes were open/closed, (3) the behaviour of the mother before, during and after the baby had been fretting or crying. Significant differences on all three measures were found between the two groups during the first week after delivery. No differences were observed six weeks post partum. PMID- 7261990 TI - The relationship of prenatal maternal anxiety to infant behavior and mother infant interaction during the first six months of life. AB - The IPAT Anxiety Scale was administered to a large sample of primiparous women from an economically disadvantaged population in their third trimester of pregnancy. At birth and at three and six months postpartum, the infants and mothers were assessed using a variety of behavioral and standardized procedures. Results indicate that anxiety was not a factor in the incidence of pregnancy and delivery complications or infant anomalies. Neonatal behavior and mother-infant interaction did differ among the high anxious and the low anxious groups. These differences, however, were only significant for female infants. Results are discussed in terms of practical implications and future research. PMID- 7261992 TI - Proportionality and gender in small-for-dates and large-for-dates babies. AB - The head-for-weight indices of 420 small-for-dates (SFD), 338 average-for-dates (AFD) and 445 large-for-dates (LFD) babies were calculated. The mean values were highest in the SFD group and lowest in the LFD group. Significant differences were found between AFD and LFD groups for girls and both sexes together. Within each group the mean value for boys was significantly higher than for girls. The absolute difference between the sexes was about twice the difference between the SFD and LFD groups. In the SFD group no associations could be found between their proportionality by this measure, and the factors associated with their slow intra uterine growth rate. 60.8% multiparae in the LFD group had previously given birth to relatively large babies. The mean index of the probands in this subgroup was higher than when previous siblings had been of average birth-weight. In all three groups the mean index was higher for babies delivered instrumentally than for those who had spontaneous vaginal deliveries. No differences were found for other perinatal risk factors. PMID- 7261994 TI - [Iatrogenic damages of the exocrine pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - In a survey, damages of the exocrine pancreas in form of pancreatopathies and particularly of pancreatitis caused by diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are discussed under the special consideration of pathomorphological aspects. For the underpinning of pathogenetical conceptions, additional results of animal experiments are included. Main subjects of the treatise are those injuries of the exocrine pancreas which may be induced by biopsy of the pancreas, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, operations in the upper abdomen, and medicaments. PMID- 7261993 TI - Is sebaceous gland hypertrophy in the newborn androgen induced? AB - Sebaceous gland hypertrophy is almost always present on the face of newborn infants and yet its aetiology is obscure. Androgens, either maternal or fetal, are thought to be related to its development. In a study of the extent and distribution of sebaceous gland hypertrophy in 115 newborn infants, it was found that there was no difference between males and females, and that the condition was more extensive in preterm infants. As circulating testosterone levels are higher in male newborns, and as maternal androgen excretion increases as pregnancy progresses, it is concluded that the appearance of sebaceous gland hypertrophy at birth is independent of androgens and may well be a developmental stage in the maturation of the skin. PMID- 7261995 TI - [Surgical complications after radioenterocolitis (author's transl)]. AB - The paper reports on 14 patients with surgical complications following radioenterocolitis. The most serious complications are peritonitis after perforation and manifest intestinal ileus. Pathogenesis, symptomatics and therapeutical possibilities are discussed. The own cases are analysed and conclusions are drawn for the practice. PMID- 7261996 TI - Eaton-Lambert myasthenic syndrome: serial electromyographic studies during prednisone treatment. Case study. PMID- 7261997 TI - Chronological studies of peripheral motor nerve conduction in "lethargic" mice. PMID- 7261998 TI - The carpal tunnel syndrome. A clinical - electrodiagnostic analysis. PMID- 7261999 TI - Early detection of carpal tunnel syndrome by sensory nerve conduction. PMID- 7262000 TI - Thermography and electromyography in the differential diagnosis of chronic pain syndromes and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. PMID- 7262001 TI - Inter-individual variability of the H-reflex in normal subjects. PMID- 7262002 TI - Monosynaptic reflexes in the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle in man. PMID- 7262003 TI - Verification of the pattern of anterior spinal artery syndrome by use of brain evoked potentials. PMID- 7262004 TI - Effect of acute compression, hypoxia, hypothermia and hypovolemia on the evoked potentials of the spinal cord. PMID- 7262005 TI - Recording of the somatosensory evoked potentials during surgery for scoliosis and midline myelotomy to monitor spinal cord function. PMID- 7262006 TI - Dependence of latency upon acoustic stimuli in the audiomotor reflex (AMR). PMID- 7262007 TI - Non-invasive electromyography of human genioglossal (tongue) activity. PMID- 7262008 TI - Electromyography of the human palate: discharge patterns of the levator and tensor veli palatini. PMID- 7262009 TI - Electromyography of the human pharynx: discharge patterns of the superior pharyngeal constrictor during respiration. PMID- 7262010 TI - DMG patterns of oropharyngeal muscles during respiration in wakefulness and sleep. PMID- 7262012 TI - Description of a special electrode for one channel recording from the scalp and the neck of early successive evoked sub-cortical and cortical somato-sensory potentials. PMID- 7262011 TI - Oropharyngeal patency during walking and sleep in the Pickwickian syndrome: electromyographic activity of the tensor veli palatini. PMID- 7262013 TI - Differential effects of repeated verbal and non-verbal stimuli on early and later components of the auditory evoked potentials. PMID- 7262014 TI - EEG power spectrum and confusion in the elderly. PMID- 7262015 TI - Slow motor nerve conduction in myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 7262016 TI - The transfer of progesterone in the ovarian vascular pedicle of the sheep. PMID- 7262017 TI - Comparative increments in circulating luteinizing hormone in rats with increasing duration of electrical stimulation in medial preoptic or medial basal tuberal sites. PMID- 7262019 TI - Human chorionic gonadotropin maintains plasma progesterone at pregnancy levels in rhesus monkeys. AB - Peripheral plasma progesterone (P) levels in the rhesus monkey remain relatively constant both during the latter half of pregnancy and for long periods after fetectomy (removal of the fetus with the placenta left in situ) or ovariectomy. The constancy is maintained despite what appears to be reciprocal changes in the relative contributions of ovary and placenta. Placental regulation of the corpus luteum is likely, but it is not known if the corpus luteum responds to a gonadotropic stimulus in the later stages of pregnancy. In this study, we have investigated the effects of hCG administration in postdelivery monkeys (normally pregnant, fetectomized, ovariectomized and sham ovariectomized animals) and have determined if hCG administration maintains plasma P at pregnancy levels. hCG maintained P at pregnancy levels after surgical removal of the conceptus near term in both normally pregnant and previously fetectomized monkeys over a 7-day treatment period. hCG treatment after normal delivery maintained P levels in sham ovariectomized but not in ovariectomized monkeys over an 8-day treatment period. The magnitude of the response to hCG declines over the treatment period in all groups except fetectomized monkeys, although hCG levels in the peripheral plasma are quite constant. These results indicate that the ovary of late pregnancy is fully capable of producing P at normal values and is responsive to this gonadotropin. PMID- 7262018 TI - Lipoidal derivative of estradiol: the biosynthesis of a nonpolar estrogen metabolite. AB - The incubation of estradiol with human breast tumors as well as several estrogen responsive tissues of the rat, including dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary tumors, leads to the formation of a nonpolar metabolite. This compound has been called a lipoidal derivative of estradiol because of its nonpolar characteristics and because it is converted back into estradiol with alkali. The properties of this metabolite are similar to those of the endogenous lipoidal derivatives of the delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroids, pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, and dehydroisoandrosterone, that were found in the adrenal. When estrone was incubated in a similar manner, a nonpolar metabolite was formed, but it was the lipoidal derivative of estradiol, not estrone. The lipoidal derivative of estradiol was not oxidized by treatment with CrO3, which showed that the lipoidal moiety is linked to the C-17 of the steroid nucleus. Unlike other estrogen metabolites, the lipoidal derivative of estradiol is found only within the tissue and cannot be detected in the incubation medium. PMID- 7262020 TI - Comparative dynamic studies on the biological responses to estriol and 17 beta estradiol in the fetal uterus of guinea pig: relationship to circulating estrogen concentrations. PMID- 7262021 TI - Isoelectric focusing of androgen receptors from wild-type and Tfm mouse kidneys. AB - Putative androgen receptors from wild-type mice and the androgen-resistant mutant with testicular feminization (Tfm) were analyzed sequentially by DNA-cellulose chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and sucrose density gradient sedimentation. Wild-type kidney receptors labeled with [3H]testosterone or [3H]dihydrotestosterone were partially purified by single step elution from DNA cellulose. For these eluates, two isoelectric focusing peaks were obtained, with approximate pI values of 5 (pH 4.9 +/- 0.16; n = 10) and 6 (pH 5.7 +/- 0.09; n = 10), respectively. In isoelectric focusing of Tfm mice eluates, a single step DNA cellulose eluate appeared predominantly at pH 7-8. The complete complement (10 15% of the wild-type level) of Tfm receptors elutes only as a higher salt form in DNA-cellulose chromatography, while the wild-type yields both lower salt and higher salt forms. Accordingly, for comparison to Tfm mice, we examined separated DNA-cellulose peaks of wild-type mice by isoelectric focusing. For isoelectric focusing, as for differential DNA-cellulose chromatography, the ratio of the two wild-type peaks differed when [3H]testosterone and [3H]dihydrotestosterone were used as the bound ligand, with [3H]testosterone favoring the pH 6 peak and the lower salt eluting peak. As predicted from this correlation, when the lower salt fraction was focused, a peak was still detected at pH 6, with less radioactivity at pH 5. However, when subjected to isoelectric focusing, the higher salt fraction appeared predominantly at pH 7-8. Thus, a characteristic pattern was obtained during isoelectric focusing for both the higher salt eluting fraction of wild-type mouse androgen receptor and the single step, complete eluate of the Tfm mouse. PMID- 7262022 TI - The effects of 1,10-phenanthroline on the binding of activated rat hepatic glucocorticoid-receptor complexes to deoxyribonucleic acid-cellulose. AB - 1,10-Phenanthroline, a metal ion chelator, inhibits the binding of previously activated (25 C for 30 min) rat hepatic [3H]triamcinolone acetonide (3H-labeled 9 fluoro-11 beta, 21-dihydroxy-16 alpha, 17-1-[1-metylethylidenebis(oxy)]pregna-1,4 diene-3,20-dione ([3H]TA)-receptor complexes to DNA-cellulose. The observed inhibition increases as the temperature of the preincubation with chelator is increased from 0 to 25 C. Fifty percent of the maximal inhibition (greater than 90%) detected at 25 C is achieved with 1 mM 1,10-phenanthroline. The observed inhibition is not the consequence of DNA degradation by 1,10-phenanthroline-Cu2+ complexes, since preincubation of activated cytosol with neocuproine (2,9 dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), a potent Cu2+ chelator, fails to block the subsequent inhibition of DNA-cellulose binding by 1,10-phenanthroline. The failure of other chelators which complex siilar metal ions (alpha, alpha' dipyridyl,8-hydroxyquinoline, 2,2',2"-tripyridine, EDTA, EGTA, and Na azide) to inhibit DNA-cellulose binding suggests that the effectiveness of 1,10 phenanthroline does not result from removal of a required free metal ion(s) but, rather, from a specific interaction with a metal ion(s) which may be located within the activated receptor protein. The observed inhibition is dependent on the metal chelating properties of 1,10-phenanthroline, since preincubation with several divalent metal cations (Zn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+) which are known to be chelated by this compound block its subsequent inhibitory effect. Ferroin (1,10 phenanthroline-ferrous sulfate complex) and 1,7-phenanthroline (nonchelating isomer) also fail to inhibit DNA-cellulose binding. The inhibition mediated by 1,10-phenanthroline persists after gel filtration, suggesting that 1,10 phenanthroline associated with a macromolecule is the effective form of the inhibitor, rather than free 1,10-phenanthroline. Finally, 1,10-phenanthroline appears to interact directly with activated [3H]TA-receptor complexes, since it alters their net charge and results in their elution from DEAE-cellulose at a salt concentration characteristic of unactivated complexes. Collectively, the data suggest that the activated [3H]TA-receptor complex is a metalloprotein and that the metal ion(s) may be associated directly with the DNA-binding site or may regulate this site indirectly through an allostreic mechanism. PMID- 7262023 TI - Response of rat ventral prostate to a new and novel 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor. PMID- 7262024 TI - Effect of angiotensin II on in vivo and in vitro release of anterior pituitary hormones in the female rat. PMID- 7262025 TI - Presence of L-thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine in tissues from thyroidectomized rats. AB - Female rats were killed 15 days, 2 months, and 4 months after surgical thyroidectomy that was followed by injection of 100 microCi 131I. The concentrations of T3 and T4 were measured in tissues (liver, kidney, brain, heart, and hindleg muscle) specific RIAs. Results were compared to those found in intact rats. Thyroidectomy resulted in severe hypothyroidism by 2 and 4 months after the operation, as assessed by undetectable levels of T4 and T3 in unextracted plasma, high circulating TSH, hypothermia, stasis of body weight increase, and depletion of pituitary GH content. Concentrations of T4 and T3 in plasma, as determined after extraction and concentration, were very low, being less than 5% of the normal value by the earliest observation period (15 days). In contrast, although tissue concentrations and total organ contents also decreased after thyroidectomy, they were still clearly detectable 4 months after thyroidectomy. The rates of decrease of T4 and T3 concentrations in most tissues were markedly slower than expected from their rapid decrease in plasma. Some tissues still contained 20% of the normal level 2-4 months after ablation of the thyroid. Tissue levels of thyroid hormones were hardly detectable in rats thyroidectomized 6 months before, having decreased in most tissues to less than 5% of the normal value. Several animals from this group had died. It is concluded that tissues from severely hypothyroid thyroidectomized rats may contain higher concentrations of T4 and T3 than previously thought. The idea that thyroid hormone is not essential for life, based on the assumption that thyroidectomized animals survive without thyroid hormones, might have to be reevaluated. PMID- 7262026 TI - Corticosteroid-induced lipid changes in rat liver microsomes. AB - An influence of corticosteroids on the phospholipid composition of several tissues has been demonstrated previously. Increases in the activity of rat liver microsomal cytochrome c reductase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase after corticoid administration were also demonstrated. The phospholipid composition of liver microsomes is now reported to be altered by similar corticosteroid treatment. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin levels in rat liver microsomes were decreased significantly after in vivo cortisol administration. The levels of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids in phosphatidylcholine and of palmitic acid in phosphatidylserine-phosphatidylinositol were also affected. Cholesterol was increased after adrenalectomy and decreased to control levels after the administration of cortisol. Some of the microsomal enzymes which are affected by corticosteroids or adrenalectomy are known to require phospholipids for full activity. The alteration of enzyme activities and membrane phospholipid composition by similar dosage schedules of corticosteroids suggests a possible relation between the two effects. By affecting the lipid composition of the membranes, corticosteroids may regulate or modulate the activity of the lipid requiring enzyme systems. PMID- 7262027 TI - Studies on the mode of action of calciferol. XXXIV. Relationship of the distribution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolites to gonadal activity and egg shell formation in the quail. PMID- 7262028 TI - Estrogen and progesterone production by developing porcine follicles in vitro: evidence for estrogen formation by theca. PMID- 7262029 TI - The induction of alpha-lactalbumin in rat mammary explants in the absence of exogenous prolactin: effects of progesterone and estrogen. AB - Mammary explants from both pregnant and virgin rats cultured in medium containing insulin, hydrocortisone and prolactin show a progressive increase in alpha lactalbumin activity. However, when cultured with insulin and hydrocortisone only, explants from pregnant, but not those from virgin rats show an induction of alpha-lactalbumin-like activity similar to that seen when prolactin is present. The activity induced in the absence of exogenous prolactin corresponds to newly synthesized alpha-lactalbumin molecules, since 1) the activity is suppressed completely by rabbit anti-rat alpha-lactalbumin serum and 2) culture in the presence of [3H]-amino acids generates [3H]-alpha-lactalbumin, identified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mammary tissue from virgin rats can be rendered responsive to insulin and hydrocortisone in this regard by administration in vivo of either progesterone or estrogen, but not by desoxycorticosterone acetate. This ability to convert virgin rat mammary cells to a state in which they are independent of exogenous prolactin in terms of alpha lactalbumin synthesis represents a heretofore unreported effect of the female sex steroids. PMID- 7262030 TI - Evidence for biological action of the antiestrogens LY117018 and tamoxifen by different mechanisms. AB - The influence of LY117018 and tamoxifen on established uterotropic influence of estradiol was examined in immature ovariectomized rats. When LY117018 was introduced on the fourth day of estradiol treatment, it regressed the uterotropic effect of estradiol. However, tamoxifen did not attenuate estradiol activity under these conditions. Injection of estradiol, commencing on the fourth day of LY117018 treatment, elicited no increase in uterine weight, while tamoxifen caused substantial uterotropic action in the presence of established, continuous LY117018 treatment. The uterotropic influence of tamoxifen also occurred when it was administered concomitantly with LY117018, and a similar result was observed following the injection of 4-hydroxytamoxifen with LY117018. These observations demonstrate that LY117018 can block or regress uterotropic effects of estradiol, but it cannot antagonize the action of tamoxifen or its hydroxylated metabolite. This suggests that these antiestrogens might act at separate sites or by different molecular mechanisms. PMID- 7262031 TI - In vivo effect of human growth hormone on hepatic adenylate cyclase activity. AB - Significant increases in basal, and glucagon and fluoride stimulated adenylate cyclase activity were observed in liver plasma membranes of hypophysectomized rats compared to normal adult and weanling rats. The fluoride stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was 2-3 fold greater in the membranes from hypophysectomized animals while the glucagon stimulated activity was 5-7 fold greater, and the basal activity was approximately double that of membranes from normal adult animals. Administration of growth hormone to hypophysectomized rats by an intramuscular or intravenous route decreased adenylate cyclase activity to levels equivalent to those in normal adult rats. Estradiol and thyroxine replacement did not alter the adenylate cyclase activity of the membranes from hypophysectomized animals. The fluoride or epinephrine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of rat diaphragm homogenates was not affected by hypophysectomy. PMID- 7262032 TI - Autoregulation of testosterone secretion in perfused rat testes. AB - Infusion of testosterone into the testicular artery, at concentrations comparable to those that occur in the testicular vein in situ, inhibited LH-stimulated testosterone secretion by rat testes perfused in vitro. This inhibition was rapid and dose responsive. In contrast to testosterone, intra-arterial infusion of 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, corticosterone and androstenedione failed to inhibit testosterone secretion. The inhibition of testosterone secretion by intra-arterial infusion of testosterone was reversed by either cessation of testosterone infusion or the simultaneous addition of androstenedione to the artificial perfusion medium. Taken together, these results showed that LH stimulated testosterone secretion by in vitro perfused rat testes was inhibited by a short-loop negative feedback of testosterone. PMID- 7262033 TI - Studies of maternal and fetal 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone,18 hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone in normal and toxemic pregnancy. AB - Simultaneous determination of maternal and fetal plasma 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone (B), 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18OH-B) and aldosterone (ALDO) in normal and toxemic pregnancies was performed by utilizing a newly developed radioimmunoassay. The mean levels of plasma DOC and ALDO in normal term pregnancy were significantly higher than those of nonpregnant women. Comparing the mean levels of umbilical arterial plasma to those in maternal plasma at delivery, DOC and ALDO were consistently higher in the former, while B was higher in the latter, and 18OH-B was largely unchanged. However, no umbilical arteriovenous gradient was found in any corticosteroid measured. In toxemia of pregnancy, the corticosteroid levels in the maternal plasma were lower than those in normal pregnancies, and in umbilical arterial plasma, B was significantly higher and 18OH-B and ALDO remained almost the same as those in normal pregnancy. Thus, it appears that ALDO synthesis in mother in normal term pregnancy was enhanced but in toxemia of pregnancy it was suppressed, while in the fetus, it was enhanced not only in normal pregnancy but also in toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 7262034 TI - Evaluation of L-thyroxine requirement in treatment of congenital hypothyroidism. AB - The optimal daily requirement of L-T4 in replacement therapy for hypothyroidism was evaluated in evaluated in 24 cases of congenital hypothyroidism and 3 of juvenile myxedema, ranging from 3 to 30 years of age. The optimal dose of L-T4, defined as the minimal dose necessary to suppress the serum concentration of TSH into the normal range, was determined in each patient. The optimal dose of L-T4 between 3 and 5 years of age was 5-7 microgram/kg/day, which was higher than a level of 2-4 microgram/kg/day in adult. All patients appeared clinically euthyroid, and their serum concentration of T4 and T3 remained within the normal range while the optimal dose of L-T4 was being administered. These observations imply that physiologic requirement of L-T4 are lower than previously recommended dosages. Further studies to establish more precise therapeutic guidelines are needed. PMID- 7262035 TI - Effects of prenatal treatment with estrogen on mitotic activity of vaginal anlage cells in mice. AB - Female fetuses of C57BL/Tw mice were injected subcutaneously with 50 microgram 17 beta-estradiol on day 17 of fetal life. The treatment was proved to induce ovary independent proliferation and cornification in the vaginal epithelium in later postnatal life. These fetuses were sacrificed on day 19 or 20, or on the 3rd day after birth. Histological observation on day 19 or 20 of fetal life did not show a particular effect of estrogen at any portion of the vaginal anlage, but at 3 days after birth, the epithelium of the Mullerian vagina in estrogen treated females consisted of a single layer of columnar cells, whereas that in controls had double-layered columnar cells. A study of the mitotic rate revealed that the epithelial cells of the Mullerian vagina as well as those of the cervix were dividing more actively in fetuses than in pups. Estrogen injection on day 17 induced a marked suppression of the mitotic rate in the epithelium of the Mullerian vagina and cervix on day 19 and 20. On the other hand, estrogen treatment caused a significant increase in the mitotic rate of the epithelium of the sinus vagina, at least on days 19 and 20. It was concluded that the epithelial cells of the sinus vagina respond positively to estrogen and thus possibly play the main role of the development of irreversible changes in the vagina. PMID- 7262036 TI - Effects of diltiazem hydrochloride on pressor and steroidogenic actions of angiotensins and norepinephrine in man. AB - The effect of diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ), a calcium-antagonist, on pressor and steroidogenic action of angiotensin II (AII), angiotensin III (AIII) and norepinephrine (NE) was studied in 5 normal men. AII, AIII and NE were infused intravenously for 50 min from 0900 hr at a rate of 20 ng/kg/min, 100 ng/kg/min and 200 ng/kg/min, respectively. DTZ was infused intravenously alone or in combination with each of these pressor substances at a rate of 1 mg/min from 0910 hr to 0930 hr. DTZ alone did not cause significant changes in blood pressure (BP) and plasma aldosterone concentration (P1 Aldo). On the other hand, DTZ combined with AII, AIII or NE significantly inhibited the rise in BP induced by these pressor substances. DTZ also inhibited the NE-induced increase in P1 Aldo, whereas it did dot alter AII-, or AIII-induced increase in P1 Aldo. These results indicate that in normal men pressor actions of AII, AIII and NE are calcium dependent and calcium ions are also involved in NE-induced increase in P1 Aldo. PMID- 7262037 TI - Evidence for receptor-dependent response to dihydrotestosterone in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - The effect of dihydrotestosterone on the production of proteins and collagen and the synthesis of DNA was studied in cultured fibroblasts obtained from a normal woman and from a patient with complete testicular feminization. The concentration of dihydrotestosterone binding sites in fibroblasts from vulvar skin of a normal woman and from perineal skin of a patient with complete testicular feminization was 35.9 +/- 1.7 fmoles/mg protein and 4.61 +/- 0.37 fmoles/mg protein, respectively. The apparent dissociation constant was 0.24 +/- 0.015 nM for fibroblasts from a normal woman and 0.21 +/- 0.031 nM for fibroblasts from a patient with complete testicular feminization. Fibroblasts grown to confluence were exposed to DHT in the concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 ng/ml of the culture medium and cultures were maintained for up to six days thereafter. These hormone treatments brought about a significant elevation in the production of proteins and collagen by fibroblasts from a normal woman but failed to produce any perceivable changes in fibroblasts from a patient with complete testicular feminization. The synthesis of DNA in fibroblasts from either subject was unaffected by hormone treatment. These results suggest that augmented production of proteins and collagen in cultured human fibroblasts which follows stimulation by dihydrotestosterone occurs via a receptor system. PMID- 7262039 TI - Seminal plasma level of unconjugated testosterone in human. PMID- 7262038 TI - Effect of vasectomy on the testis and accessory sex glands of the musk shrew, Suncus murinus L. AB - The effects of uni- and bilateral vasectomy on the testis and accessory sex glands were studied at intervals up to six months. Vasectomy induced degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules during the first four months after the operation; thereafter a partial recovery of spermatogenesis was noticed at six months post-vasectomy. Unilateral vasectomy induced degenerative changes only in the ipsilateral testis; the contralateral testis presented normal histology and showed no evidence of compensatory hypertrophy. The Leydig cells, however, remained unaffected in vasectomized shrews. No significant change was found in the concentrations of protein, RNA and DNA in the testis and of fructose in the ampullary gland in uni- and bilaterally vasectomized animals as compared with controls. The absence of any change in the concentration of fructose, weight of the accessory sex glands and histology of the ampullary gland and Leydig cells in vasectomized animals suggests that endocrine functions of the testes are not affected by vasectomy. PMID- 7262040 TI - Studies on the erythropoietic effect of testosterone in toad (Bufo melanostictus). PMID- 7262041 TI - Effect of parathion and aldrin on survival, ovarian 32P-uptake and gonadotrophic potency in a freshwater catfish, heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). AB - The effects of insecticides containing either an organophosphate parathion (Paramar M 50) or an organochlorine aldrin (Aldrin) on the survival, ovarian 32P uptake and the gonadotrophic potency of the pituitary gland and blood serum in Heteropneustes fossilis were studied for 4 weeks. Aldrin was found to be more Paramar M 50. Reduced ovarian 32P uptake and a significantly decreased level of total gonadotrophin in the pituitary gland and blood serum were seen when fish were kept either in SC (safe concentration) or in LC(I)50 (a concentration that had been found to kill half the fish in 96 h) of Aldrin and Paramar M 50. The data suggest that those insecticides retarded gonadotrophin secretion which in turn reduced ovarian 32P uptake. PMID- 7262042 TI - Tissue distribution of 3H-corticosterone in response to stress. AB - The level and distribution of 3H-corticosterone (3H-B) was investigated in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats in response to diethyl ether stress, epinephrine (EP) and/or dexamethasone (DXM) administration. Diethyl ether stress caused a significant increase in the 3H-B counts by some of the body tissues and brain regions studied. Plasma 3H-B counts in the stressed rats were found to be twice as much as in the control animals. When EP (1.0 mg/kg) was injected, the tissue plasma ratios(TPR) of 3H-B were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than those of the dexamethasone (1.0 mg/kg) treated animals or the control group. The high 3H-B count in the plasma in response to diethyl ether stress or EP may indicate a decline in rate of corticosterone metabolism. PMID- 7262043 TI - Pituitary-adrenal function after isolated removal of the median eminence in the rat. AB - Removal of the median eminence (ME) resulted in a 30-35 per cent reduction of the weight of the adrenals of female rats as compared to sham-operated controls. Hypophysectomy reduced the adrenal weight by 65-70 per cent during the same period of the time. The question arose as to whether the higher adrenal weight of the ME-ectomized animals reflected partially maintained hypothalamo-hypophyseal adrenal function. a combined (either + blood withdrawal) stress did not cause significant increase in plasma corticosterone level in animals whose ME was removed 3 weeks earlier. However, 9 weeks following the removal of the ME, female rats responded to the stress. Possible regeneration of axons belonging to the parvicellular neurosecretory system is discussed. PMID- 7262044 TI - The relationship of serum hexuronic acid and monosaccharide levels to urinary free cortisol and cortisone excretion in healthy subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. AB - The relationship of hexuronic acid and monosaccharide concentrations in serum to the excretion of urinary free cortisol and cortisone was studied in 14 healthy subjects, in 16 patients with diabetes mellitus, and in 14 patients with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. In both groups of patients increased values of hexuronic acids, reducing monosaccharides and keto-sugars were registered. In diabetics the relative proportion of monosaccharides was increased, the proportion of hexuronic acids was lowered. In atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease a significant preponderance of hexuronic acid and keto-sugar amounts in the composition of total sugar components was observed in comparison with healthy subjects. In healthy subjects there is a close correlation of urinary free cortisol and cortisone with reducing monosaccharides in blood, measured on the same day. In diabetes not any correlation of the increased values of free corticoids with the sugar components was registered. In atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease a highly significant correlation between urinary free cortisol and cortisone and the hexuronic acid content in serum was observed. In patients with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease the results suggest an altered metabolism of glucose, which is shunted into insulin-insensitive glucuronate pathway in conditions of endogenous hypercortisolism. PMID- 7262045 TI - [On the etiology of water excretion inhibition in Addison's disease]. AB - Micropuncture experiments, performed on adrenalectomized rats disclosed an impairment of the hypertonic sodium chloride transport of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (the diluting segment). This transport inhibition was documented by a delayed time course of NaCl-concentration decrease within the diluting segment. Assuming a pump leak model of the hypertonic NaCl-transport, we calculated a 50% inhibition of the NaCl-transport velocity compared with controls. Dexamethasone treatment for 3 days led to a normalization of the impaired transport velocity. Both, the reduced GFR as well as the impaired free water clearance are functionally linked to the diminished transport capacity of the diluting segment by the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism and the ADH mechanism respectively. A new hypothesis on the pathogenesis of the water excretion inhibition in adrenal insufficiency is discussed. PMID- 7262046 TI - Investigation of insulin sensitivity in early diabetes III. The effect of a combined physical training and diet programme on body weight, serum lipids and insulin sensitivity in obese asymptomatic diabetics. AB - The effect of a physical training and low caloric diet (700 calories/day) for 4 weeks on insulin sensitivity in vivo, body weight and serum lipids was investigated in 10 obese asymptomatic diabetics (normal fasting plasma glucose and pathological glucose tolerance). Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion pattern were characterized by means of a 2h-glucose infusion test (12 mg/kg/min) primed by an initial injection of 0.33 g/kg glucose. Insulin responsiveness in vivo was estimated by means of a 1h-insulin infusion test (two 30-min. periods of 8 and 16 mU/kg insulin MC-Actrapid, primed by initial injection of 1 and 2 mU/kg, respectively). Under comparable steady-state insulin levels the decrease in plasma glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) was considered as estimate of insulin sensitivity in vivo. Physical working capacity (PWC170) was determined by means of a bicycle ergometer test in stepwise working loads. The training programme consisted of daily 15 min. bicycle ergometer training periods (75% of the maximal working capacity) in the morning and a 1 h mild physical training on a bicycle in the afternoon. After the combined training and diet programme the mean decrease in absolute and relative body weight amounted to 11.9 +/- 1.07 kg and 16.7 +/- 1.2%, respectively. There was a significant decrease of plasma triglycerides whereas the decrease in cholesterol was modest. Physical fitness increased by delta PWC170 of 31.1 +/- 11.6 W. In addition, the combined training and diet programme for 4 weeks resulted in a significant improvement of insulin sensitivity in vivo as indicated by an augmented insulin-induced decrease in plasma glucose and FFA (17.60 +/- 3.91%, vs 36.40 +/- 5.54%; p less than 0.05 and 35.90 +/- 6.95% vs 56.50 +/- 3.63%; p less than 0.05; respectively). Our findings provide direct evidence that physical training and low caloric diet enhance insulin sensitivity in vivo. From the practical point of view our results suggest the potential benefits of physical training in the treatment of obese asymptomatic diabetics. PMID- 7262048 TI - Doctors' perspectives of epilepsy. AB - This study reports the results of a questionnaire designed specifically to define doctors' perspectives of epilepsy. Sixty-two percent of the registered junior medical staff of a major Australian teaching hospital responded to a questionnaire that established information regarding doctor identification, cognition concerning epilepsy and its management, and doctors' attitudes. The results gave evidence of a lack of knowledge regarding epilepsy and its management, as well as a lack of ability to maintain critical evaluation of new material. Many of the negative attitudes about people with epilepsy that have been identified within the general community were also found within the medical profession. This study determined that there is a real need to reappraise the approach to teaching the medical profession about epilepsy. PMID- 7262047 TI - The influence of thyroid gland and thyroxine on the acetylcholinesterase activity of rat brain and adenohypophysis. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cerebral cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, pons, medulla oblongata and adenohypophysis of intact, thyroidectomized, and thyroxine treated-thyroidectomized adult male rats was determined by a spectrophotometric method. AChE activity was higher in the brain areas than in the adenohypophysis. There was regional variation in the enzyme activity in the brain with the highest and lowest activities occurring in the medulla oblongata and the cerebral cortex, respectively. Thyroidectomy increased AChE activity in the pons, decreased it in the amygdala, but did not alter it in the other brain areas and adenohypophysis. Thyroxine treatment of thyroidectomized rats had no effect on AChE activity in any of the areas studied. PMID- 7262049 TI - An investigation of eight different types of temporal lobe discharges. PMID- 7262050 TI - The effects of transient functional depression of the thalamus on spindles and on bilateral synchronous epileptic discharges of feline generalized penicillin epilepsy. AB - A transient functional depression of thalamic activity (TFDTA) was induced in acute experiments in cats by the microinjection of 25% KCl into the thalamus. Spontaneous and evoked thalamic electrical activity was markedly depressed at the site of KCl microinjection. Spread of this depression to other thalamic areas often occurred, mainly when KCl was injected into the midline thalamus. In normal cats both spontaneous and evoked cortical spindle bursts as well as other evoked thalamocortical responses were reduced or abolished during the KCl-induced TFDTA. The generalized spike-and-wave discharges of feline generalized epilepsy were also suppressed for the duration of TFDTA, while incidental focal cortical interictal and ictal epileptic discharges, as well as generalized tonic-clonic seizure discharge, remained unaffected. The same effects were observed in animals with lesions of the mesencephalic reticular formation, indicating that the suppression of spindles and spike-and-wave discharges cannot be attributed to a release of the activity of the reticular formation by the TFDTA. An unexplained occurrence of generalized tonic-clonic EEG seizure was observed in most cases late after thalamic KCl microinjection, usually after the spike-and-wave discharges had recovered. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the spontaneous bilaterally synchronous epileptic bursts of feline generalized penicillin epilepsy are not only closely related to spindles but are crucially dependent on thalamic inputs to the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7262051 TI - Interhemispheric relations during bilateral spike-and-wave activity. AB - Temporal relationships between homologous EEG channels of the two hemispheres were studied in patients whose EEGs showed bilateral synchronous spike-and-wave activity. Group A (seven patients) had generalized corticoreticular epilepsy and no sign of a localized predominant epileptogenic area. In group B (12 patients), the bilateral spike-and-wave activity was present in conjunction with a localized area of predominant epileptogenicity demonstrated by EEG, radiological, or clinical examinations. The measurement of small time differences between two homologous channels was performed by transforming the slope of the phase characteristic of the cross-spectrum into time, when the interchannel coherence was sufficiently high. Although measurements were not possible in every case (because of a lack of coherence or nonlinearity of the phase), results clearly indicated that the spike-and-waves in group A did not present significant interhemispheric time differences, whereas those of group B frequently presented a lead time (average 15 msec) from the side with the localized epileptogenic area. The method can be clinically useful to differentiate primary from secondary bilateral synchrony. The concept of secondary bilateral synchrony and the possible pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the time differences are discussed. PMID- 7262052 TI - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges in human diploid fibroblasts by mutagens with and without rat liver microsomal activation. AB - The frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in WI-38 cells was estimated by the 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)-dye technique after one hour's exposure to cyclophosphamide (CY), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 4 nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), and maleic hydrazide (MH) with and without the addition of rat liver microsomal suspension (S-9) fraction with cofactors (S-9 mix). CY at concentrations from 1 x 10(-5) M to 1 x 10(-3) M with S-9 mix increased the number of SCEs per cell in a dose-dependent manner. Without S-9 mix, CY at concentrations below 1 x 10(-3) M failed to produce more SCEs than the controls. MNNG at 1 x 10(-8) M and 4NQO at 1 x 10(-7) M without S-9 produced significant increases in SCEs per cell. Addition of S-9 during treatment slightly decreased the effects of MNNG and 4NQO in the formation of SCEs. MH was tested at pH 6.4 and pH 7.6. At pH 7.6, MH at 1 x 10(-3)M without S-9 mix inhibited cell multiplication, but did not cause a significant increase of SCEs per cell. There were no interactions between MH (2 x 10(-4) M) and S-9 mix nor between MH and the pH levels tested. These results indicate that in the presence of metabolic activation, SCE formation in human diploid fibroblasts in vitro may be used as a potential assay for mutagenicity. PMID- 7262053 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of mutagen-sensitive and DNA repair mutants of Chinese hamster fibroblasts. AB - Through a new approach, we have sought to isolate ultraviolet light (UV) sensitive and DNA repair mutant Chinese hamster fibroblasts. The procedure consisted of 1) mutation induction by 5-bromodeoxyuridine (Brd U)-blacklight and UV treatments; 2) incorporation of 3H-thymidine in repair-proficient cells at high temperature (38.5 degrees C) following UV damage; 3) cold holding (4.0 degrees C) of these cells to induce tritium killing; and 4) recovery and testing of repair-deficient and UV-sensitive cells which have survived and formed colonies at low temperature (34.0 degrees C). In our initial attempt at this protocol, we isolated 72 surviving colonies from 2 x 10(7) cells plated for selection. Of the 72 colonies, 20 demonstrated potential interest and four were selected for extensive study. One, identified as UVs-7, is slightly more sensitive to UV, but not sensitive to X rays or N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NAc-AAF). The mutant exhibits a highly reduced level of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS), as compared to the parental line. Two additional lines, UVs-40 UVs-44, are sensitive to UV, X ray, N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and NAc-AAF, but exhibit normal UDS. A fourth line, UVr-23, has enhanced UDS, is resistant to UV, but exhibits no difference in sensitivity to x ray or NAc-AAf. These mutants are all stable, and should be useful for the study of mammalians DNA repair processes and mechanisms of mutagenesis. PMID- 7262054 TI - An improved method for the detection of Mutants at the waxy locus in Hordeum vulgare. PMID- 7262055 TI - Diethylstilbestrol-diphosphate induces chromosomal aberrations but not sister chromatid exchanges in murine bone marrow cells in vivo. AB - Diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES-dp) clastogenesis was examined in the bone marrow of C57Bl/6 male and female mice. Significant and sex-related dose effects were observed for the induction of chromatid-type chromosomal aberrations and for the inhibition of cellular proliferation. Females were more sensitive to the effects of DES-dp than males when assessed for either induced chromosomal aberrations or proliferative inhibition. Contrary to other published results, we did not observe either an increase in sister chromatid exchanges or an increased incidence of aneuploidy. Ovariectomy reduced the ability of DES-dp to inhibit cellular proliferation and decreased the high degree of variability between animals at high doses of DES-dp. The results of our studies show that DES is a clastogenic agent in vivo which may relate to its carcinogenicity. PMID- 7262056 TI - The use of adult rat liver cultures in the detection of the genotoxicity of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AB - The hepatocyte primary culture (HPC)--DNA repair test and the adult rat liver epithelial cell (ARL)--hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) mutagenesis assay are two in vitro short-term tests that possess intrinsic capability for xenobiotic biotransformation. Both assays detected the genotoxicity of a variety of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Thus, these two tests, which embody intact cellular metabolism, are useful for the evaluation of this class of carcinogens and provide results that strengthen those obtained in tests dependent upon subcellular metabolism. PMID- 7262057 TI - Effects of acute and chronic administration of mitomycin C on the induction of sister chromatid exchanges in vivo. AB - Frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were analyzed in bone marrow cells of mice injected with mitomycin C (MMC) both before and during infusion with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Administration of MMC at 1, 6.5, and 13 hours after the onset of BrdU infusion resulted in the induction of approximately 45 SCE/cell, independent of time of administration. When MMC was injected 26 hours prior to BrdU infusion, only baseline levels of SCE were noted. The effects of multiple doses of MMC (chronic administration) were examined in mice treated with 1--5 mg/kg on a weekly or bimonthly basis. SCE analysis was performed one week after the final injection. At all doses and with all treatment regimes, SCE frequencies did not differ from control levels. The results indicate that most or all MMC-induced DNA damage that results in SCE formation is removed in a single cell cycle after its administration. PMID- 7262058 TI - The principal features of maximal exertion in the sagittal plane. PMID- 7262059 TI - Critical power as a measure of physical work capacity and anaerobic threshold. PMID- 7262060 TI - Perception of effort and respiratory sensitivity during exposure to ozone. PMID- 7262061 TI - Heat balance and transfer in men and women exercising in hot--dry and hot--wet conditions. PMID- 7262062 TI - Metabolic measures to ascertain the optimal load to be carried by man. PMID- 7262063 TI - Appendicitis in childhood. PMID- 7262064 TI - Pyloric and gastric tuberculosis: a diagnostic problem. PMID- 7262066 TI - Abdominal pregnancy: a case report. PMID- 7262065 TI - Brucellosis: a case report. PMID- 7262067 TI - Human trypanosomiasis in the Omo River Valley. PMID- 7262068 TI - Congenital malformation of anus and rectum in Ethiopian children. PMID- 7262069 TI - Nomenclature committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB). Enzyme nomenclature. Recommendations 1978. Supplement 2: Corrections and additions. PMID- 7262070 TI - [Stabilisation of enzymes and antisera by heavy water (author's transl)]. PMID- 7262071 TI - Cytochrome b5 as electron donor for oxy-cytochrome P-450. AB - The steady-state concentration of the oxycomplex of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in the presence of NADPH could be elevated by increasing pH and ionic strength or by adding anti-(cytochrome b5) immunoglobulin. Low pH and low ionic strength as well as incorporation of cytochrome b5 into microsomal membranes decreased the steady-state level. Parallel to these effects, the b5 antibody monooxygenase activity at low pH and low ionic strength, but was not effective at high pH and high ionic strength. This establishes a role for cytochrome b5 in donating electrons for the reduction of oxy-cytochrome P-450 to the active oxygen complex of cytochrome P-450 but also points to large variations in the importance of this role depending on the experimental conditions, the species of P-450 involved and the substrates employed. PMID- 7262073 TI - Collagen type I trimer synthesis by cultured embryonic mouse molars. AB - Embryonic mouse tooth germs were cultured in vitro and the collagens type I, type III and type I trimer were purified and biochemically characterized. Collagen type I trimer has been identified by means of CM-cellulose chromatography, CNBr peptide analysis, pepsin resistance and molecular sieve chromatography. Already before the odontoblasts were functional, this molecule was found to be a constituent of the dental extracellular matrix. However, the synthesis of collagen type I trimer was considerably increased when odontoblasts polarized and became functional. the incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine into the dental cells inhibited the polarization of odontoblasts as well as the amplification of collagen type I and type I trimer synthesis. PMID- 7262072 TI - Mechanism of uptake of L-arginine by sugar-cane cells. AB - Suspension cells of sugar cane were used as a model system for cells of higher plants to study the mechanism of L-arginine uptake. The uptake system is specific for the L-arginine molecule in the fully ionized state, i.e. delta-guanidino group and alpha-amino group positively charged and carboxyl group negatively charged. This was concluded because the Km value for uptake increased strongly for: (a) L-arginine analogues which lack the charged carboxyl group (L-arginine methyl ester, agmatin); (b) L-arginine analogues, which lack the charged alpha amino group (L-arginine acid, gamma-guanidinobutyric acid); (c) L-arginine analogues, which lack the charged delta-guanidino group or gamma-guanidinoxy group (L-citrulline, L-canavanine at neutral and alkaline pH-values). The importance of the positive charge of the delta-guanidino group or gamma guanidinoxy group was further documented by Km values for L-arginine and L canavanine at different pH values. Only at pH values where the gamma-guanidinoxy group is protonated, was there an effective uptake of L-canavanine and effective competition of L-canavanine with L-arginine. The length of the L-arginine molecule was less important: slightly larger (L-homoarginine) or shorter analogues (L-lysine) were taken up rather well. A spatial rearrangement at the alpha-carbon (D-ariginine) was, however, not tolerated. The uptake of L-arginine proceeds by electrogenic uniport, there is no evidence for symport or antiport of another molecule (though L-canavanine uptake at neutral pH value causes a transient alkalinization of the suspension medium). Charge equilibration is brought about by efflux of protons and potassium ions. PMID- 7262074 TI - Purification and characterization of 6-aminohexanoic-acid-oligomer hydrolase of Flavobacterium sp. Ki72. AB - 6-Aminohexanoic-oligomer hydrolase of Flavobacterium sp. KI72 was purified to homogeneity by column chromatography three times, and by preparation polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis twice. The purified enzyme had the following characteristics. 1. The molecular weight was estimated to be 84000 by Sephadex G 200 molecular-sieve chromatography. The enzyme consisted of two homologous subunits of 42000, judged from sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 2. The optimum pH for activity was between 8 and 9, the optimum temperature was 40 degrees C for a 1-h reaction. The Michaelis-Menten constants and turnover numbers for the 6-aminohexanoic acid dimer and trimer were 5.9 mM and 2.4 s-1, and 6.2 mM and 2.0 s-1 respectively. 3. The enzyme was inhibited by 0.37 mM diisopropylfluorophosphate and by 0.013 mM p-chloromercuribenzoate. 4. The enzyme was active on 6-aminohexanoic acid oligomers from dimer to hexamer and icosamer but not on hectamer, and the activity decreased with the increase of the polymerization number of the oligomer. The oligomers were hydrolyzed so as to remove the 6-aminohexanoic acid residue successively from the amino terminus. The enzyme could not hydrolyze other linear amides, cyclic amides, dipeptides, tripeptides or casein. 5. 6-aminohexanoic-acid-oligomer hydrolase was classified as a new member of the linear amidases (EC 3.5.1.-). PMID- 7262075 TI - Chemical structures of three fucogangliosides isolated from nervous tissue of mini-pig. AB - In the nervous tissue of miniature pig, type Gottingen, three fucosyl-containing gangliosides are major gangliosides. All three were found in dorsal-root ganglia and spinal cord, but only two of them in the forebrain. The concentrations of these gangliosides were increased in chloroquine intoxication. Their chemical structures were determined by component analysis, partial acid and enzymatic degradation and assay of the partially methylated sugars after hydrolysis, reduction and acetylation. Mass spectrometric analysis of the intact gangliosides as permethylated, permethylated-reduced and permethylated-reduced-silylated derivatives confirmed the following structures of the three gangliosides. (See Formula in text). PMID- 7262076 TI - Chloroquine-induced accumulation of gangliosides and phospholipids in skeletal muscles. Quantitative determination and characterization of stored lipids. AB - High doses of the lysosomotropic drug chloroquine result in lipid storage in many organs in animals. We used miniature pigs, type Gottingen, to study the lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle after chloroquine intoxication for more than 200 days. The lipids of the quadriceps muscle in intoxicated and in age-matched control pigs were characterized and determined. The lipid storage was larger in skeletal muscle than in any other organ of the intoxicated pigs. The concentration of phospholipids was increased threefold, acidic phospholipids relatively more than neutral ones. The lysosome-specific acidic phospholipid bis(monoacylglyceryl)phosphate content was almost 50-fold larger in the intoxicated pigs than in the controls. Cholesterol was increased slightly more than the phospholipids, but there was no particular accumulation of cholesteryl esters, which has been shown to occur in the liver. For the first time a storage of gangliosides, relatively more pronounced than of other lipids, was demonstrated in skeletal muscle in the drug-induced lipidosis. The concentration of total gangliosides was increased 10--15-fold, and the pattern of gangliosides showed some distinct changes resulting in at least a 100-fold increase in the concentration of ganglioside GM2 (II3NeuAc-GgOse4Cer). PMID- 7262077 TI - Xenograft rejection in marine sponges. Isolation and purification of an inhibitory aggregation factor from Geodia cydonium. AB - In sponges there exists a graft rejection mechanism in which an inhibitory aggregation factor is involved. The inhibitory aggregation factor has been isolated from a culture medium containing dissociated cells of the sponge Geodia cydonium. Using ion-exchange and gel fractionation the factor was purified and shown to be electrophoretically pure. The factor has a molecular weight of 27000 and was characterized as a glycoprotein. The activity of the inhibitory aggregation factor was not affected by heat treatment, but treatment with trichloroacetic acid resulted in the irreversible loss of activity. The inhibitory aggregation factor affects the aggregation-factor-mediated reaggregation of dissociated sponge cells by extension of the lag phase preceding the aggregation process; the endpoint of the reaggregation process is not changed. The inhibitory aggregation factor competes with the aggregation receptor for the binding site on the aggregation factor. The inhibitory aggregation factor is not synthesized if homologous aggregation factor is added to the dissociated cells. The results indicate that the inhibitory aggregation factor is synthesized in xenografts of the system Geodia cydonium--Geodia rovinjensis after a grafting period of at least 3 days. Following the synthesis of the factor, the concentration of the extractable aggregation factor decreases. PMID- 7262078 TI - Interference of nucleoside diphosphates and inorganic phosphate with nucleoside triphosphate-dependent calcium fluxes and calcium-dependent nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis in membranes of sarcoplasmic-reticulum vesicles. PMID- 7262079 TI - Kinetics of thyroglobulin iodination and thyroid hormone synthesis catalyzed by peroxidases: the role of H2O2. PMID- 7262080 TI - Ligand binding to catalase and metmyoglobin. Direct measurements of proton involvement. AB - 1. Spectroscopic measurements of the binding of the weak-acid ligands formate, azide and cyanide to catalase indicate interaction of a primary haem-binding site with the undissociated forms of the ligands between pH 5 and 8. A similar conclusion can be drawn from observations on the pH dependence of catalase activity in the presence of cyanide and formate. 2. Direct measurements of pH changes during catalase interaction with these ligands also indicate stoichiometric uptake of one proton per haem group upon addition of formate or azide at pH 6, but at greater pH values the proton uptake declines, suggesting the involvement of a secondary site in the liganding reaction. This secondary site can be occupied by formate and certain other anions inducing proton dissociation from the protein. The results also suggest a direct displacement of formate or azide from the primary haem site by cyanide. 3. Similar stoichiometric pH measurements on metmyoglobin indicate binding of the formate, azide and cyanide anions to a single (primary) site on the molecule. PMID- 7262081 TI - Characterization of the alpha-bungarotoxin receptor in chick-embryo retina. AB - Primary cultures and membranes fractions from chick embryo retina bind iodinated alpha-bungarotoxin, a highly selective ligand for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from skeletal muscle and fish electric organ. The binding is saturable with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.75 +/- 0.09 nM. The pseudo first-order rate constant (k+1) for binding at 37 degrees C is 1.76 +/- 10(5) M-1 s-1, the dissociation rate constant (k-1) at 37 degrees C is 1.15 x 10(-4) s-1. Nicotinic cholinergic ligands and local anaesthetics inhibit alpha-bungarotoxin binding. In the case of carbamoylcholine, the inhibition of binding depends on the time of exposure to this cholinergic agonist. alpha-Bungarotoxin has no effect on the carbamoylcholine-induced stimulation in sodium permeability of cultured retinal neurons. On sucrose density gradients containing Triton X-100, the toxin binding site sediments with an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 10.5-11 S. Detergent-solubilized alpha-bungarotoxin receptor cross reacts with antisera raised against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from Torpedo marmorata. These results are interpreted as indicating that alpha-bungarotoxin binds to retinal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors without affecting cholinergic receptor function. PMID- 7262082 TI - Isolation of component C4 of human complement and its polypeptide chains. AB - Component C4 of human complement was purified from fresh frozen plasma with a yield of 25% using an initial batch separation with quaternary diethyl-(2 hydroxypropyl)aminoethyl--Sephadex followed by column chromatography on DEAE cellulose and gel filtration in Sephadex G-200. The final product was homogenous according to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunochemical methods. Low speed sedimentation-equilibrium analyses revealed a molecular weight of 189,000, using a value of 0.736 ml/g for the partial specific volume. The polypeptide chains of reduced and alkylated C4 were separated on DEAE-Sepharose in the presence of 8 M urea. Gel filtration in Sepharose 4B in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride revealed molecular weights of 88,000, 72,000 and 32,000 for the alpha, beta and gamma chain respectively. The amino acid compositions of component C4 and its constitutive chains were also determined. PMID- 7262083 TI - The organization of cholesterol esters in membranes of Mycoplasma capricolum. AB - The organization of cholesterol esters in Mycoplasma capricolum membranes was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Cells grown in the presence of horse serum incorporated large amounts of cholesterol esters into their membranes. The cholesterolester-containing membranes after incubation at low temperature showed an endotherm characteristic of a cholesterol ester crystalline leads to isotropic liquid transition that was identical in membranes both before and after thermal protein denaturation. This transition was not observed in membranes of cells grown in medium in which the horse serum was replaced by bovine albumin, fatty acids and unesterified cholesterol unless cholesterol esters were added to the growth medium. In membrane preparations obtained both from cells grown in horse serum and from cells grown with bovine albumin plus cholesterol and fatty acids, the free cholesterol content was sufficient to eliminate the bilayer order/disorder transition observed in isolated membrane phospholipids. Our studies indicate that the majority of cholesterol esters in M. capricolum membranes is not present in attached serum lipoprotein particles, nor is intimately associated with membrane protein, but exists as relatively large cholesterol ester droplets or pockets tightly associated with the membrane. The cholesterol esters in these pockets appear relatively pure, although the presence of small amounts of other membrane components is likely. PMID- 7262084 TI - The effect of the chemical nature of the side chains of amatoxins in the inhibition of eukaryotic RNA polymerase B. AB - The inhibition constants (Ki) of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase B (or II) from calf thymus were measured for eight synthetically obtained bicyclic amanitin-like thioethers, two R-sulfoxides, and two S-sulfoxides. These Ki values were compared with those of alpha-amanitin, its 6'-O-methylether Ia (an R-sulfoxide), the S sulfoxide, the sulfone, the S-deoxo derivative (Id) of Ia, and several previously described amatoxins. The necessity of a beta-methyl side chain in position 3 and a hydroxy group in proline-2 was confirmed. Additionally, the presence of an isoleucine side chain in position 6 and the absence of a side chain in position 5 was recognized as important for binding to the enzyme. In the three sulfoxide samples examined, the R-diastereomer was found to be a stronger inhibitor than the S-form. The contribution of every structural element to biological activity has been discussed. PMID- 7262085 TI - Kinetic studies with rat-brain succinic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. AB - A simple procedure is described that gives an approximately 100-fold purification of rat brain succinic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase with a high yield. The enzyme exhibits a relatively low Km value for succinic semialdehyde (2.5 microM) and is inhibited by high concentrations of that substrate in an uncompetitive manner with respect to NAD+ (Ki = 150 microM). p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde was shown to give competitive inhibition with respect to succinic semialdehyde and uncompetitive inhibition with respect to NAD+. Initial rate studies in the presence of a fixed concentration of this inhibitor allowed a more accurate estimation of the kinetic parameters for the uninhibited reaction. The results of these studies, together with analysis of the dead-end inhibition by AMP and the effects of NAD+ and 3 acetylpyridine--adenine dinucleotide as alternative acceptors in the reaction, were consistent with the enzyme-catalysed reaction obeying a compulsory-order mechanism in which NAD+ was the first substrate to bind to the enzyme and NADH was the last product to dissociate from it. PMID- 7262086 TI - Regulation of phosphorylation of myosin heavy chain during the chemotactic response of Dictyostelium cells. AB - Chemotactic stimulation of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum by cyclic AMP increases the incorporation of 32P into a 210-kDa polypeptide. This was determined in lysates prepared from stimulated and nonstimulated cells. Earlier results suggesting that the 210-kDa polypeptide corresponds to myosin heavy chains [7] have now been confirmed. We have investigated the sequence of events following chemotactic stimulation that lead to the change of myosin heavy chain phosphorylation. 1. Chemotactic stimulation did not activate myosin heavy chain kinase, but seemed to elicit the transient accumulation of dephosphorylated myosin heavy chains. Thus, the inefficient incorporation of 32P into myosin heavy chains in lysates of control cells seems to be due to the lack of dephosphorylated myosin heavy chains. 2. Using membranes of aggregation-competent cells, we found that incorporation of 32P into myosin heavy chains was inhibited by 0.1-1 mM Ca2+. The effect of calcium seems to be mediated by endogeneous calmodulin and was due to the inhibition of myosin kinase activity rather than to the activation of myosin phosphatase. 3. By the addition of calmodulin, the inhibition of myosin heavy-chain phosphorylation was further enhanced. 4. Folic acid, an attractant of undifferentiated cells, also caused enhanced incorporation of 32P into myosin heavy chains, as determined in cell lysates. 5. The amount of 32P incorporated in response to cyclic AMP into myosin heavy chains increased during differentiation to the aggregation-competent stage. Only a small fraction of the cell surface receptors had to be activated in order to elicit a maximal reaction. Our results suggest that a phosphorylated form of myosin heavy chains prevails at the onset of the chemotactic response and that dephosphorylation begins within 5-10 s at 23 degrees C. PMID- 7262087 TI - Plasma lipoproteins of leukemic guinea pigs (L2C) can regulate cholesterol biosynthesis by lymphocytes of normal guinea pigs. A comparative study of plasma lipoproteins of normal and neoplastic animals. AB - The defect of regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by leukemic (L2C) guinea pig lymphocytes is not a consequence of serum lipoprotein modifications which would make them unable to participate in the regulatory process. Low density lipoprotein of leukemic animals, in parallel to normal low density lipoprotein, can inhibit the cholesterol biosynthesis by normal cells. Surprisingly, very low density lipoprotein of leukemic animals have the same inhibitory property. Analyses of serum of leukemic animals showed a larger amount of the different lipoprotein fractions (+323% very low density, +27% low density lipoproteins, the high density lipoprotein staying undetectable in control and leukemic sera) than in normal serum. L2C leukemia produces low density lipoprotein slightly richer in unesterified cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein markedly modified by an increased proportion of unesterified cholesterol, phospholipids and apoprotein B. The inhibitory power of leukemic very low density lipoprotein is discussed by analogy with corresponding power of normal low density lipoprotein which can operate either by the way of binding to the low density lipoprotein receptor or by exchange of unesterified cholesterol between the lipoprotein and the cell. PMID- 7262088 TI - Syntheses of L-tyrosine-related amino acids by tyrosine phenol-lyase of Citrobacter intermedius. AB - Degradation of tyrosine to phenol, pyruvate and ammonia by tyrosine phenol-lyase from Citrobacter intermedius (formerly named Escherichia intermedia) is readily reversible at high concentrations of pyruvate and ammonia. Spectrophotometric studies indicate that ammonia is the first substrate which interacts with bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Kinetic results show that pyruvate is the second substrate bound, hence phenol must be the third. When an appropriate phenol derivative is substituted for phenol, the corresponding tyrosine analogue can be synthesized. 3-Fluoro-, 2-fluoro-, 3-chloro-, 2-chloro-, 3-bromo-, 2-bromo-, 2 iodo-, 3-methyl-, 2-methyl- and 2-methoxy-L-tyrosines have been synthesized by this reaction. By using various phenol derivatives or tyrosine analogues as substrates, the substrate specificity of tyrosine phenol-lyase is investigated and the situation of its active site is discussed. PMID- 7262089 TI - Specificity of twelve lectins towards oligosaccharides and glycopeptides related to N-glycosylproteins. AB - Glycopeptides and oligosaccharides of either the N-acetyllactosaminic or the oligomannosidic type derived from glycoproteins containing the N-glycosylamine linkage were used to define the specificity of different lectins (concanavalin A, Lens culinaris agglutinin, Vicia faba agglutinin, Pisum sativum agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinins, soybean agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, Solanum tuberosum agglutinin, Datura stramonium agglutinin, Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin, Ulex europeus agglutinin) by studying the inhibition of human red blood cell agglutination by these structures. The results obtained show that lectins considered 'identical' in terms of monosaccharide specificity, possess the ability to recognize fine differences in more complex structures. In fact, different lectins are able to recognize different saccharidic sequences on the same glycan structure. As these sequences are likely to be common to numerous glycoproteins, including cell membrane glycoproteins, the results obtained with lectins in the study of cell surface carbohydrates have to be very carefully interpreted. Moreover, our results confirm previous data on the spatial configuration of the glycan moiety of glycoproteins deduced from the construction of molecular models: the fact that oligosaccharides bearing an alpha-NeuAc-(2 leads to 6)-Gal unit are more powerful inhibitors than oligosaccharides bearing an alpha-NeuAc-(2 leads to 3)-Gal unit could be related to the high rotational freedom of alpha-2,6 linkage; the observation that glycoasparagines, glycopeptides and glycoproteins possess a higher affinity for lectins than the related oligosaccharides could be explained by the fact that the glycan--amino acid linkage leads to structures more rigid than those of the oligosaccharides themselves. PMID- 7262090 TI - Kinetic comparisons between soluble and membrane-bound glutaminase preparations from pig brain. AB - The kinetic properties of membrane-bound glutaminase from pig brain have been compared with those of the soluble enzyme that had been preincubated with either Tris/HCl buffer or Tris/phosphate/borate buffer. The two preparations of the soluble enzyme were similar in the dependence of their activities on pH and in their inhibition by borate and some glutamine analogues. They differed markedly in their responses to phosphate and their inhibition by glutamate. The membrane bound enzyme differed from the other preparations in showing a sigmoid dependence of initial velocity on glutamine concentration at higher pH values and being activated by borate ions. The apparently cooperative behaviour that has been previously reported for soluble preparations of glutaminase may have resulted from failure to measure the true initial rate of the reaction. The Km values for glutamine and the inhibitor and activator constants for glutamate and phosphate respectively were such as to indicate that changes in the concentrations of these compounds might affect the glutaminase activity in vivo. None of the enzyme preparations was inhibited significantly by ammonium ions at concentrations up to 50 mM. Considerable differences were found between the three preparations in their activation by compounds containing sulphate or sulphonate groups. PMID- 7262091 TI - The effect of ligands on the irreversible inhibition of the NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from ox brain. AB - The effects of ligands on the irreversible inhibition of the NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from ox brain were studied. Isocitrate in the presence of Mg2+ ions was found to protect against denaturation at 40 degrees C and this protection was enhanced by ADP which also protected on its own. None of the substrates or the activator ADP afforded protection against inhibition by diethylpyrocarbonate. Inactivation by this compound and by elevated temperatures did not obey first-order kinetics with respect to time. Inhibition by iodoacetate appeared to obey first-order kinetics both with respect to time and to inhibitor concentration. Protection against inhibition was afforded by isocitrate, NAD+ and ADP. The dependence of the extent of protection on the concentration of the magnesium-isocitrate complex was sigmoid at both pH 6.5 and pH 7.5 indicating the apparent homotropic cooperativity seen in initial-rate kinetic experiments to be a reflection of cooperative binding of this substrate. ADP reduced the affinity of the enzyme for this substrate without affecting the degree of this cooperativity. The dependence of the extent of protection by ADP upon its concentration obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The significance of these observations in terms of the kinetic and allosteric mechanism followed by this enzyme is discussed in the light of previous kinetic studies. PMID- 7262092 TI - Protein-bound polymeric and monomeric ADP-ribose residues in hepatic tissues. Comparative analyses using a new procedure for the quantification of poly(ADP ribose). AB - Determination of poly(ADP-ribose) levels was performed by a new procedure involving covalent chromatography of released polymer, degradation to phosphoribosyl AMP and quantification of this specific derivative by a radioimmunoassay. In adult rat liver, about 85 pmol polymeric ADP-ribose residues/g tissue was found. Similar values were obtained when the determination was carried out by an independent procedure not involving boronate chromatography or sedimentation of DNA. In adult rat liver, polymeric ADP-ribose residues amounted to about 1/200 of total monomeric ADP-ribose residues. Most of the polymeric ADP-ribose residues were linked to proteins by NH2OH-sensitive bonds, while mono(ADP-ribose)-protein conjugates consisted of about equal amounts of NH2OH-sensitive and NH2OH-resistant subfractions. Poly(ADP-ribose) levels immediately after birth were similar to the adult status. They decreased, however, by a factor of three at the time of most rapid post-natal liver growth (day 17). A comparison with the protein-bound monomeric ADP-ribose residues indicated independent changes, and therefore presumably independent functions of these monomeric ADP-ribose residues. PMID- 7262093 TI - The thalidomide disaster briefly revisited. PMID- 7262094 TI - Immunological competence of children with pyogenic meningitis. AB - A broad range of immunological tests was performed on 9 consecutive children with pyrogenic meningitis. Two were found to have combined IgG and IgA deficiency. One had a combination of IgG deficiency and impaired neutrophil chemotaxis. Primary immunodeficiency disorders as a predisposing cause of pyogenic meningitis may be more common than previously suspected. PMID- 7262095 TI - The haemolytic uraemic syndrome in childhood: a study of the long-term prognosis. AB - From January 1970 to June 1976, 45 children with the haemolytic uraemic syndrome were admitted to our department. They all received heparin in addition to supportive therapy. For the last ten patients heparin was given with dipyridamole (Persantin). Three children died in the acute stage of the illness giving an acute fatality rate of 6.6%. A fourth patients immediately needed chronic haemodialysis. In the other 41 patients, kidney function only partially recovered in two; they subsequently developed terminal renal insufficiency after 18 months and four years, respectively. The remaining 39 children have been regularly followed for three to eight years. None has been lost to follow-up. With only one exception, they all have shown a favourable evolution with negative urinalysis, normal blood pressure, and an endogenous creatinine clearance within the normal range for age. PMID- 7262096 TI - The Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch or neonatal progeroid syndrome. Report of a patient with consanguineous parents. AB - A 4-year-old girl is reported with a neonatally apparent progeroid syndrome. Parenteral consanguinity indicates autosomal recessive inheritance. Psychomotor development and physical growth are severely deficient. Mainly characterized by congenital absence of subcutaneous fat tissue, this child is very similar to four patients reported earlier and recognized as representing a newly delineated clinical entity, called here the Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch or neonatal progeroid syndrome. PMID- 7262097 TI - New chromosomal dysmorphic syndromes. 4. Trisomy 12p. AB - This is the report of two independent families in which a balanced maternal translocation led to trisomy 12 p in one of each their offspring. Evaluation of 21 further case reports indicates that this is a phenotypically well defined syndrome which leads to severe developmental retardation. It can be recognized by a characteristic combination of craniofacial anomalies which are summarized in a phantom picture. The gene sequences which produce the typical features in the trisomic state must be localized distally to band 12p12, which is the breakpoint in the partial trisomies. The specific craniofacial anomalies are not visibly modified by the length of the trisomic segment or additional small monosomies or trisomies of recipient chromosomes. However, the frequency and severity of organ malformations and the resulting probability of survival seem to decrease with increasing degrees of chromosomal imbalance. A cytogenetic classification of the 21 inherited translocations and a segregation analysis from the pedigree data was performed. For the different types of translocations the calculated risk figures are given. PMID- 7262098 TI - Niemann-Pick disease type C. Pathological, histochemical, ultrastructural and biochemical studies. AB - Two sisters with Niemann-Pick Disease Type C suffered from a progressive CNS degenerative disease which ended with death at 8 and 7 years. Light microscopic and histochemical studies revealed storage of lipid (principally sphingomyelin) in the viscera and in the central nervous system (predominantly ganglioside). Complex lipid cytosomes containing stacked membranes, concentric laminated bodies with central dense cores and pleomorphic profiles were seen. Biochemical analysis showed an elevation of sphingomyelin in liver and spleen with normal total sphingomyelinase levels. However, by isoelectric focusing, there was a marked reduction of sphingomyelinase activity in the range of pI 4.6--5.2, whereas normal amounts of more acidic components were found. These data are compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance of a sphingomyelin lipidosis associated with deficiency of isoelectric forms of sphingomyelinase. PMID- 7262100 TI - 4-hydroxyisovaleric acid: a new metabolite in isovaleric acidemia. PMID- 7262099 TI - Hyperphenylalaninemia due to impaired dihydrobiopterin biosynthesis. PMID- 7262102 TI - Hydrometrocolpos--polydactyly syndrome in a macerated female foetus. PMID- 7262101 TI - Hydrometrocolpos, postaxial polydactyly, congenital heart disease, and anomalies of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts: a rare autosomal recessive syndrome. AB - Nine cases with the hydrometrocolpospolydactyly syndrome (4 males, 5 females) from four unrelated families are presented. Leading symptoms of this rare disorder were hydrocolpos and postaxial polydactyly. Three affected girls had urinary hydrocolpos without vaginal septum or imperforate hymen, one had partial vaginal atresia, and one had no hydrometrocolpos. Glandular hypospadias and prominent scrotal raphe are added to the spectrum of malformations in this disorder in males. The literature is reviewed and problems in genetic counseling in this autosomal recessive disorder are discussed. PMID- 7262103 TI - Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica--Trevor disease. Severe manifestations in a child. PMID- 7262104 TI - Percutaneous alcohol intoxication. PMID- 7262106 TI - A new neonatal progeroid syndrome. PMID- 7262107 TI - Deoxyglucose uptake and oxygen consumption: a metabolic approach to cerebral function. Proceedings of the International Congress CHU Saint-Antoine, Paris, September 19-20, 1980. PMID- 7262105 TI - A case of formiminoglutamic aciduria. Clinical and biochemical studies. AB - We describe a boy who excreted massive amounts of formiminoglutamic acid and hydantoin-5-propionic acid in his urine. He was mildly mentally retarded and epileptic, whereas his twin-brother was completely normal. Loading with L histidine enhanced the excretion of both metabolites. Treatment was attempted with high doses of folic acid and methionine, but both were without effect on the excretion levels. PMID- 7262108 TI - The deoxyglucose method: theory and practice. AB - By analysis of a kinetic model of the behavior of 2-deoxyglucose and glucose in brain, an operational equation has been derived that allows the computation of the rates of glucose utilization simultaneously in all structures of the central nervous system on the basis of readily measurable variables. Localization in the central nervous system is achieved by a quantitative autoradiographic technique that provides direct visualization of the relative rates of glucose utilization in all parts of the central nervous system. PMID- 7262109 TI - Deoxyglucose uptake in pathological conditions. AB - In case of quick physiological variations or in pathological conditions, it is impossible to measure the deoxyglucose consumption by means of the deoxyglucose technique and we propose a method for the study of the deoxyglucose uptake by the cerebral tissue. It is simultaneously measured with the blood flow, 3 min following the intravenous administration of deoxyglucose (2-deoxyglucose-14C). Hypercapnia induces an increase in the flow but does not modify the deoxyglucose uptake and moderate hypoxia results in a decrease in the deoxyglucose uptake without modifying the flow. In pathological conditions such as ischemia or stricture, the blood flow and deoxyglucose uptake variations are not parallel. These results show that the 2-deoxyglucose uptake does not follow the blood flow and that it depends on the cell activity. It is therefore possible to use this method when the consumption studies cannot be implemented. PMID- 7262110 TI - Local cerebral glucose utilization in the newborn brain. AB - Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was determined in 2- to 8-day-old beagle dogs by the quantitative 14C-deoxyglucose autoradiographic method. In physiologically controlled puppies (BP 66 +/- 3 mm Hg; paO2 71 +/- 2 mm Hg; paCO2 35 mm Hg, pH 7.39 +/- 0.04; hematocrit 39 +/- 2%), the 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographs and quantitative data reveal a characteristic pattern of regional energy metabolic needs in the normal newborn brain: highest glucose consumption values are found in brain stem nuclei (inferior olivary nucleus 19 +/- 4 mumol/100 g/min; vestibular nucleus 26 +/- 5; red nucleus 15 +/- 2) and in selected deep cerebral structures (subthalamic nucleus 18 +/- 4; ventrolateral thalamic nucleus 12 +/- 2, ...) whereas consistently relative lower glucose consumption is found in the cerebral cortex (mean 7 +/- 1). This data is in agreement with local cerebral blood flow studies in the newborn puppy. A characteristic functional anatomy of the newborn dog brain is demonstrated. The value of 0.558 +/- 0.031 for the lumped constant was used in the calculation of LCGU. In puppies previously asphyxiated for 2.5-3.5 min 1-2 days prior to the 2 DG procedure, no significant effect upon regional metabolism was demonstrated. PMID- 7262111 TI - Application of the 2-deoxy-D-[14C]-glucose method to the mouse for measuring local cerebral glucose utilization. AB - The 2-deoxy-D-[14C]-glucose method for the quantitative determination of local cerebral glucose utilization has been applied to the mouse. The experiments were conducted in awake freely moving animals. Local cerebral glucose utilization was found to vary widely throughout the brain with the lowest values in white matter and the highest in gray matter. The most metabolically active structures were those involved in auditory function or in general motor activity. All the values were lower than those observed previously in the conscious rat. The use of free moving animals may be of importance since it allows the study of physiological or pathological behavioral states. PMID- 7262113 TI - Effect of chloral hydrate anaesthesia on the cerebral metabolic response to apomorphine administration. PMID- 7262112 TI - Alterations in local glucose consumption following systemic administration of kainic acid, bicuculline or metrazol. AB - Using the autoradiographic deoxyglucose method, local consumption of glucose has been visualized during convulsive seizures induced by systemic administration of kainic acid, bicuculline or metrazol. A striking correlation was found between the time course of the electrographic and metabolic alterations in limbic structures following kainic acid administration. In addition, pathological alterations were almost exclusively observed in structures in which there had been a rise in metabolism. In contrast, following bicuculline or metrazol a rise in metabolism was conspicuous primarily in the cerebellum, vestibular nuclei and neocortex. PMID- 7262114 TI - Specific behavior-bound brain cartography of the glucose uptake rate. PMID- 7262115 TI - Various indices of brain metabolism and activity in a model of chronic neurological dysfunction: triethyl tin intoxication in the rat. AB - A number of pathological agents of interest in the therapy of cerebrovascular disease can retard the development of the neurologic deficit induced by triethyl tin. Locomotor activity was decreased at a time when no evidence of neurologic deficit could be detected. Conduction velocity in the peripheral as well as assessed from measurement of cerebral blood flow, local cerebral glucose utilization, brain water and electrolyte content as well as neuropathology were measured before and frank deficit could be clinically detected. PMID- 7262116 TI - A double tracer autoradiographic technique for simultaneous measurement of cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism in rats. AB - Double tracer autoradiographic measurement of cerebral blood flow and glucose consumption was performed in rats using 131I-iodo-antipyrine and 14C deoxyglucose, respectively. Local coupling of blood flow and metabolism was studied under different types of anesthesia (barbiturate, halothane), following experimental tumor implantation, and during penicillin seizures or spreading depression. Both coupling and uncoupling of flow and metabolism was observed on the same tissue section, indicating a considerable degree of variability in local coupling mechanisms. PMID- 7262117 TI - Measurements of cerebral oxygen consumption: advantages and limitations. PMID- 7262118 TI - Determination of tissular pO2 in brain microvascular research. Usefulness and limitations. PMID- 7262119 TI - An introduction to the measurement of the cerebral oxygen uptake rate by inhalation of 15O2; analysis of the contribution of 15O2 and H2 15O in brain radioactivity. AB - This paper introduces a model for the computation of the regional cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen from the data of cerebral regional radioactivity collected after inhalation of 15O2. A method was devised for the differential determination of the respective contribution of radiooxygen and of radiowater in the inflow and the outflow of radioactivity in the brain after or during such on inhalation. The results demonstrate the feasability of such a model and outline some of the methodological to be taken into account in the numerical analysis of the data. PMID- 7262121 TI - Inhibition of cerebral metabolism by lidocaine. AB - The effects of lidocaine in high doses, i.e. higher than seizure doses, on cerebral function and metabolism are reviewed. Evidence is presented that lidocaine (160 mg/kg) reduces membrane NA+-K+ permeability, restricts leak fluxes of these ions, and decreases the load on the associated ion transport. In the ischemic brain (circulatory arrest in dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass circulation), lidocaine delays K+ efflux, indicating reduced membrane permeability. In the nonischemic brain lidocaine has two effects. One is to abolish electrocortical activity and reduce oxygen and glucose consumption accordingly ("barbiturate-like" effect). The other is a specific membrane sealing effect by which Na+-K+ leak fluxes are restricted and associated demand for active transport according reduced. By this effect lidocaine is able to reduce cerebral metabolism by an additional 15-20% below the barbiturate minimum at flat EEG. These effects of lidocaine resemble those of hypothermia and may enhance the hypothermic protection of the ischemic brain. PMID- 7262120 TI - Cerebral oxygen consumption and glucose consumption during status epilepticus. PMID- 7262122 TI - Recovery from global cerebral ischemia in rabbits: influence of indomethacin. AB - A 10-min cerebral ischemia was induced in rabbits by a combination of vascular occlusion (carotid and vertebral arteries) and systemic hypotension. Cerebral cortex blood flow, cortical pO2, arterial pH, arterial blood gases, arterial pressure and electrocorticogram were recorded before, during and for 4 h after ischemia. Indomethacin (4 mg . kg-1 i.v.) was administered 45 min before or immediately after ischemia. Pretreatment with indomethacin improved cortical reperfusion but did not influence cortical pO2 and electrocorticographic activity. Post-ischemic treatment did not affect the different measurements. Water and electrolyte contents remained unchanged. PMID- 7262123 TI - Metabolic changes induced by acute hypoxia on the synaptosomes from dog brain. AB - Synaptosomal preparations from the motor area of the cerebral cortex of normocapnic, normoxic or hypoxic untreated beagle dogs and phenobarbital-, papaverine-, and (-) eburnamonine-treated dogs were incubated for 10 min at 24 degrees C and analyzed for ATP, ADP, AMP creatine phosphate, pyruvate, and lactate. The data were compared with those obtained from the whole controlateral cortical motor area, by the surface-freezing technique. Both during normoxia and after hypoxic hypoxia (15 min, at PaO2 equal to 17-19 mm Hg) the metabolite contents and ratios were very different in the incubated synaptosomal preparations and in the whole cerebral tissues. As concerns the drug treatment, papaverine was always inactive, while (1) eburnamonine increased the synaptosomal phosphorylation state in hypoxic dogs, being ineffective on the glycolytic metabolites evaluated. Phenobarbital increased the synaptosomal phosphorylation state both in normoxic and in hypoxic animals, and was effective also on the glycolytic metabolites studied. PMID- 7262124 TI - Experimental approach of activity and mechanism(s) of action of drugs used in cerebral metabolic insufficiency. Application to 1-eburnamonine. AB - The authors described an experimental approach, specially using oral administration, of drugs used in cerebral metabolic insufficiencies and its application to l-eburnamonine (l-EB). Administered orally, l-EB: (1) significantly increased the cerebral consumption of [14C]- deoxyglucose in normoxic mice; (2) decreased the fall in cerebral energy charge (ECP) of rats after an acute normobaric hypoxia, and (3) stimulated the glycolysis of red blood cells (RBC) in healthy volunteers (repeated administrations) as demonstrated by important increases in 2,3-DPG and ATP, i.e., in factors involved in the bioavailability of oxygen (oxygen transport activity and RBC deformability). The results therefore demonstrate oral activity of l-EB in animals and man. They are in agreement with previous data showing cerebral metabolic stimulant and antihypoxic effects following parenteral administration, in animals. They allow to propose that l-EB acts both at cerebral and extracerebral levels and constitute objective biochemical proof of the activity of l-EB in man. The study of new drugs may be done using the same experimental approach. PMID- 7262125 TI - Correlation of local blood flow, glucose consumption and probability of necrosis following a middle cerebral artery occlusion in the cat. AB - At defined coronal sections, the surface area of infarcted tissue was measured 4 days after the occlusion of the middle artery in 11 cats. In groups of cats treated with ifenprodil (5.6 and 16.7 microgram/kg . min over 3 h. 5 min after the occlusion), the infarcted surface was significantly decreased. The topographic localization of the infarction was studied in control and treated cats. This established necrosis was correlated with measures of focal cerebral blood flow and glucose consumption 3.5 h after the middle cerebral artery occlusion. Grey matter blood flow was universally low in untreated cats, but in cats treated with ifenprodil (5.6 microgram/kg . min) cortical and caudate nucleus blood flow was 2-3 times greater, even in those regions that were later infarcted in the treated cats. Glucose consumption was similarly reduced in untreated cats but there was little difference between the control and drug treated cats except in some areas where drug treatment appeared to further reduce the values for focal glucose consumption. These regions correlated with those in which infarction was later found in the cats treated with ifenprodil. It is hoped that such correlations between pathology. flow and metabolism could help the search for effective pharmacotherapy of cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 7262126 TI - Short-term memory and cerebral ischemia: pharmacological application. AB - Transient ischemia results in changes in the cerebral blood flow at the level of microinfarcts, enzymatic and metabolic changes and the development of a cerebral edema; all these disorders regress in the week following ischemia. Besides, the observed functional disorders disappear as the cerebral edema regresses. The brain functional activity is protected by the use of treatments which reduce the development of the cerebral edema and/or a quicker regression of the edema. PMID- 7262127 TI - Determination of regional cerebral glucose transport and utilization rates in man with 11C glucose: preliminary results. PMID- 7262128 TI - Vagal influences on the pancreatic response to intraluminal trypsin. AB - The significance of vagal influences on the pancreatic response to intraluminal trypsin was investigated in conscious rats surgically prepared with bile pancreatic fistulae. Vagotomy as well as cholinergic blockage depressed the hypersecretion of protein in fistula rats. Contrary to in control rats intraduodenal trypsin infusion did not change the protein output after vagotomy or cholinergic blockage. Indirect vagal stimulation induced by insulin hypoglycemia did not further increase the protein output in rats with their bile pancreatic juice deviated from the intestine. In these latter rats, however, intraduodenal infusion of trypsin markedly inhibited the protein secretion. The results suggest that vagal integrity is essential for the response of the pancreas to intraduodenal trypsin. PMID- 7262129 TI - The effect of duodeno-gastric reflux on serum gastrin levels in the dog. AB - Serum gastrin has been studied in dogs with and without surgically produced duodenal reflux. Fasting levels and the gastrin response to a standard meal have been assayed using a radioimmunoassay technique. Duodenal reflux caused no significant change in fasting serum gastrin immuno-reactivity but led to a markedly elevated and prolonged gastrin response to a standard meal. PMID- 7262130 TI - Does oesophagostomy interfere with the vagal innervation of the stomach? Experiments with a modified Komarov procedure in dogs. AB - Basal gastric secretion, stimulation with 2-DG and pentagastrin, and serum gastrin levels were examined in 5 dogs before and after lateral cervical oesophagostomy. Acid secretion rates were not affected by surgery. It is concluded that cervical oesophagostomy in dogs does not affect vagal stimulation of gastric acid secretion. PMID- 7262131 TI - The effect of intragastric pressure on gastric blood flow after partial devascularization of the stomach in cats. AB - The influence of intragastric pressure (IGP) on gastric blood flow was studied in cats with regional ischemia due to partial gastric devascularization, and in sham operated cats. IGP was controlled by intragastric installation of saline. Blood flow was determined by means of the microsphere distribution technique. Increment of IGP reduced mucosal and muscularis blood flow in all areas of the stomach, both in sham-operated and devascularized cats. In areas with reduced mucosal blood flow due to devascularization, blood flow became further reduced by IGP to an extremely low flow level. The present results are pertinent to the pathogenesis of early lesser curvature ulcer or necrosis sometimes ll areas of the stomach, both in sham-operated and devascularized cats. In areas with reduced mucosal blood flow due to devascularization, blood flow became further reduced by IGP to an extremely low flow level. The present results are pertinent to the pathogenesis of early lesser curvature ulcer or necrosis sometimes ll areas of the stomach, both in sham-operated and devascularized cats. In areas with reduced mucosal blood flow due to devascularization, blood flow became further reduced by IGP to an extremely low flow level. The present results are pertinent to the pathogenesis of early lesser curvature ulcer or necrosis sometimes occurring after proximal gastric vagotomy in man. PMID- 7262133 TI - Electrosurgery and wound healing: an experimental study in rats. AB - Many surgeons are hesitant in the use of electrocautery on the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study is to compare wound healing following incisions made by scalpel and diathermy in the rat. Healing was assessed by bursting strength measurements and histology. This study revealed no difference in strength by bursting measurements between scalpel and diathermy incision. Histologically there is not a lag in healing in the gastrointestinal tract following electroincision. It is concluded that in abdominal surgery, diathermy can be used without detriment to the strength of any suture line and with no difference in its final healing. PMID- 7262132 TI - Comparison of the visible spectrum of reflected light from muscle tissue in rats breathing varying amounts of oxygen in nitrogen or perfused with saline. AB - One of the most important problems in the treatment of injuries caused by high velocity missiles is to find the borderline between viable and non-viable muscle tissue. Technical aids using spectrophotographic principles are designed. The present investigation was performed in order to study the absorption of incident light in muscle tissue spectrographically and to compare vital muscle tissue supplied with blood of varying degrees of oxygen saturation in rats. Transmission of light through transparencies was analysed spectrographically. Transmission of muscle tissue without blood is responsible for approximately 60% of the total transmission. Rats breathing 100% oxygen differ in transmission significantly from the control group (breathing air) within the wavelength region of 430--570 nm. Rats breathing 10% oxygen show no significant difference to the control group. PMID- 7262134 TI - Pedunculated vagally innervated lesser curve gastric pouch in dogs. AB - An optimal vagally innervated gastric pouch in dogs is constructed as a pyriform flap from the anterior wall of the stomach. Nerves and vessels are spared in a pedicle from the lesser curvature. The acid secretion pattern is similar to the secretion in nonvagotomized gastric fistula dogs as measured by stimulation with insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose. The dogs have been maintained for prolonged periods without deterioration, and the advantages of the model are mentioned. PMID- 7262136 TI - Experimental and clinical studies on continent colostomy. PMID- 7262135 TI - Healing of incisional wounds in stomach and duodenum. Collagen synthesis. AB - Collagen synthesis, collagen concentration and collagen content were studied 5, 7, 10, 20 and 40 days postoperatively to elucidate the turnover of collagen in healing incisional wounds in rat stomach and duodenum. Collagen synthesis was elevated relative to total protein synthesis in wound tissues compared to intact tissues and increased throughout the period with peak values at day 5. Also, collagen concentration increased while collagen content remained constant implying equal rates of collagen synthesis and degradation. This shows that the prime tissue response to wounding is changes in collagen metabolism, which correlates with mechanical strength gain. PMID- 7262137 TI - Hemodynamic and morphological changes in the stomach of portal hypertensive rats. AB - To determine hemodynamic and morphological changes in the stomach of portal hypertensive rats, male WKA rats were given CCl4 subcutaneously in order to induce liver cirrhosis. The portal venous pressure of cirrhotic rats was significantly higher (17.7 cm H2O) than that of controls (10.5 cm H2O). Mucosal blood flow of the stomach in the portal hypertensive rat was increased (+ 46%) compared with that of controls and the peripheral vascular resistance of the stomach was significantly low. Morphological studies revealed that capillaries, collecting, submucosal, serosal and portal veins were significantly dilated; however, there were no apparent alterations in the arterial system of the stomach of the portal hypertensive rats. These results suggest that in the stomach of the portal hypertensive rat there is an increased blood flow and decreased peripheral vascular resistance and that this hyperdynamic circulatory state may derive from the dilatation of microvascular systems. PMID- 7262138 TI - Cathepsin D activity and protein degradation products content in the walls of varicose veins of the lower limbs. AB - Cathepsin D activity and the content of proteins and acid-soluble tyrosine in the walls of varicose veins, thrombophlebitic varicose veins and normal saphenous veins were determined. It was found that the cathepsin D activity in the wall of varicose veins is almost 1.5 times as high as that activity in a thrombophlebitic varicose vein wall and more than 3 times higher than in the wall of a normal vein. The acid-soluble tyrosine content of the varicose vein was slightly higher than that of the normal vein, whereas the content of the thrombophlebitic varicose vein was more than 1.5 times as high as that of the normal vein. Cathepsin D has a destructive effect on the varicose vein wall and accelerates the removal of thrombi in varicophlebitis. PMID- 7262140 TI - Death rates from cancer of the respiratory and oral tracts in different countries, in relation to the types of tobacco smoked. PMID- 7262139 TI - Optical properties of damaged and undamaged muscle tissue studied in high-energy missile wounds. AB - Modern surgical treatment of wounds caused by high-energy traumata includes the excision of all non-viable muscle tissue. To judge the transition zone between viable and non-viable tissue correctly, however, it takes a highly qualified surgeon, experienced in high-energy trauma surgery. Less skilled surgeons are tending to leave some non-viable tissue behind in the wound, which often leads to infection and re-operation and causes, among other things, extended suffering and hospitalization for the patient. Among the visible and palpable properties serving as criteria for the surgeon is that the non-viable tissue is dark purple, whereas the viable tissue is of lighter red colours. The perception of colour is depending on the optical properties of a surface and on the composition of the light illuminating it. A pilot study has shown that the colour contrast between viable and non-viable muscle tissue can be enhanced by using colour filters. In this investigation optical properties for muscle tissue in different degrees of viability have been scrutinized. It seems to be possible to find a clinically applicable method to help the surgeon in his work. PMID- 7262141 TI - A potent antitumour quinazoline inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase: synthesis, biological properties and therapeutic results in mice. PMID- 7262142 TI - Endogenous oestradiol-17beta concentration in breast tumours determined by mass fragmentography and by radioimmunoassay: relationship to receptor content. PMID- 7262143 TI - Binding of [3H] monohydroxytamoxifen in human breast carcinoma cytosols. PMID- 7262144 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobins in advanced malignancy. PMID- 7262145 TI - Effects of misonidazole, irradiation and hyperthermia on lysosomal enzyme activity in mouse tumours. PMID- 7262146 TI - Effect of an aromatic retinoic acid analog (Ro 10-9359) on growth of virus induced papilloma (Shope) and related neoplasia of rabbits. PMID- 7262147 TI - Blood flow to lymphatic metastases in conscious rats. PMID- 7262148 TI - Characterization of tumor lines derived from spontaneous metastases of a transplanted murine sarcoma. PMID- 7262149 TI - Augmentation of in vivo antitumour activity of xenogeneic antiserum by autotransplanted normal spleen cells in mice. PMID- 7262150 TI - The pre-treatment proliferative activity of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. PMID- 7262151 TI - Putrescine diffusion in cat brain and capillary permeability in rat brain: relation to CSF putrescine levels in brain tumor patients. PMID- 7262152 TI - Combined endocrine therapy and chemotherapy of mouse mammary tumors. PMID- 7262153 TI - Changes in SCM-responses of lymphocytes in mice after implantation with Ehrlich ascites cells. PMID- 7262154 TI - An explanation for the S-phase specificity of the cytotoxicity of protein synthesis inhibitors. PMID- 7262155 TI - Effects of several dimethylbenzacridines on secondary hamster embryo cells: neoplastic transformation. PMID- 7262156 TI - Moloney murine leukemia virus variants with distinct p30 peptide maps are associated with different clinical types of leukemia. PMID- 7262157 TI - Structural derivatives of tamoxifen and oestradiol 3-methyl ether as potential alkylating antioestrogens. PMID- 7262158 TI - Is better drug availability in secondary neoplasms responsible for better response to chemotherapy? PMID- 7262159 TI - Vindesine therapy in melphalan-resistant multiple myeloma. PMID- 7262160 TI - Use of serial carcinoembryonic antigen assays in detecting relapses in breast cancer involving high risk of metastasis. PMID- 7262161 TI - A phase II study of oral VP-16-213 in non-seminomatous testicular cancer. PMID- 7262162 TI - Prognostic significance of serum proteins in invasive bladder cancer. A preliminary report of the E.O.R.T.C. Urological Group. PMID- 7262163 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in asymptomatic adolescents. PMID- 7262164 TI - Lactation and breast cancer. Are they unrelated? PMID- 7262166 TI - Treatment of mice with lung metastasis from a dermally implanted fibrosarcoma: comparison of intratumoral trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (cord factor) and surgery. PMID- 7262165 TI - Tritiated thymidine and deoxycytidine suicide of mouse hemopoietic colony forming cells (CFC). PMID- 7262167 TI - Accumulation, metabolism and subcellular localization of daunorubicin, doxorubicin and their DNA-complexes in rat heart ventricles. PMID- 7262168 TI - Time-lapse studies on the effect of vincristine on HeLa cells. PMID- 7262169 TI - Immunological characterization of cell lines establishing from malignant and normal human urothelium. PMID- 7262170 TI - The pharmacokinetics of N-[14C-formyl]-leurosine in humans. PMID- 7262171 TI - Serum and saliva levels of a trimethoprim-sulfamethopyrazine combination in man. AB - A combination of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethopyrazine (SMP) was administered to six healthy volunteers for 8 days, according to the proposed therapeutic repeated dose schedule. The weak base TMP (pKa = 7.3) and the weak acid SMP (pKa = 6.1) were measured simultaneously in serum and saliva, both under normal conditions and after stimulation of saliva flow. The flow of saliva was stimulated by chewing plastic material in order to obtain saliva at a pH close to the normal plasma pH of 7.4. This procedure excluded pH-dependent distribution effects. Under these experimental conditions a highly significant correlation was observed between the serum and saliva concentrations of both drugs, with very small inter- and intraindividual variations. Substantial agreement was found between the saliva:serum concentration ratio and the fractions of both drugs not bound to plasma protein. Some discrepancies were noted, probably due to minor shifts in saliva pH during the collection period. PMID- 7262172 TI - Control of antibiotic therapy in paediatric patients. II. Appropriateness of antibiotic choice in selected diseases. AB - The adequacy of antibiotic choice and the importance of the physician's knowledge of antibiotic use in causing errors in prescribing were investigated. A prospective three-month study was conducted in nine Italian pediatric hospital wards, involving every patient admitted to hospital for otitis, pneumonia or pharyngotonsillitis. The suspected aetiology and the antibiotic prescribed were recorded on a special form by the physician in charge. Each choice of antimicrobial agent was judged as adequate, justifiable or not justified. Out of 314 prescriptions 56.1% were assessed as adequate, 4.1% as justifiable and 39.8% as not justified. Analysis of the suspected bacteria, and of the correlation between the presumed aetiological agent and the prescribed antibiotic, demonstrates that inadequate knowledge of the physician plays a major role in producing a high percentage of unjustified prescriptions. PMID- 7262173 TI - Excretion of paracetamol in human breast milk. AB - Breast milk and plasma levels of paracetamol were monitored in 3 lactating women after ingestion of a single 500 mg dose of paracetamol. The paracetamol concentrations were consistently lower in milk, with a mean milk/plasma AUC ratio of 0.76. This value was in close agreement with the milk/plasma partition ratio of 0.81 found in vitro, and could be related to quantitative binding differences between the two fluids. The half-lives of paracetamol in plasma and breast milk were almost identical, with an overall mean of 2.7 h. As less than 0.1% of the maternal dose would be present in 100 ml milk, breast feeding need not be discontinued due to paracetamol treatment in conventional dosage. PMID- 7262174 TI - Ketoprofen pharmacokinetics and bioavailability based on an improved sensitive and specific assay. AB - A commercial capsule containing 50 mg of ketoprofen (Orudis), a simple capsule containing 50 mg of ketoprofen alone and 50 mg of ketoprofen in an aqueous solution were given as separate doses in a randomized sequence to 12 normal adult males. The areas under the resulting plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) were remarkably consistent for each volunteer. The bioavailability from the commercial capsule relative to that from the solution was 99.7% +/- 10.5% and that from the simple capsule was 102% +/- 10%. After 6 of the volunteers had taken the commercial capsule 6 hourly for thirteen doses, their AUC extrapolated to infinity was significantly higher (by 22%) than that after the single dose indicating, contrary to previous reports, accumulation upon multiple dosing. The interdose AUC after the thirteenth dose was, however, statistically indistinguishable from the AUC-to-infinity after the single dose as might be expected from linear kinetics. The ketoprofen solution generated peak plasma concentrations in only one-third the time (21 +/- 7 min) required for the capsules (commercial, 72 +/- 45; simple, 61 +/- 39 min). Despite plasma concentrations being tracked over a 200-fold range, log linearity was not established within 12 h in any of the 42 profiles obtained. A two-compartment open model was fitted to the solution data giving excellent prediction of the time-to-peak and clearance (Cl/F = 5.2 +/- 1.1l/h) as determined by eye and by log-trapezoidal rule, respectively. PMID- 7262175 TI - Pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in normal and asthmatic subjects in relation to dose. AB - The pharmacokinetics of prednisolone have been studied in asthmatic patients following intravenous injection at three different doses and in normal volunteers at five oral doses. Plasma prednisolone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. With increasing dose there is an increase in the apparent volume of distribution, plasma clearance and half life. The relationship between area under the plasma concentration time curve, maximum concentration and dose is linear but the regression lines do not pass through the origin. These findings following oral and intravenous administration confirm that prednisolone shows non linear kinetics. PMID- 7262176 TI - Disposition of azapropazone in chronic renal and hepatic failure. PMID- 7262177 TI - Chronic treatment with the new potent vasodilator Ro 12-4713 in moderate to severe hypertension: effects on blood pressure, endocrine function, sodium and plasma volume. AB - The antihypertensive efficacy and endocrine profile of the new antihypertensive agent, Ro 12-4713, were evaluated in 23 patients (17 men and 6 women) with moderate to severe arterial hypertension. Following addition of Ro 12-4713 to pre existing therapy with diuretics and beta-blockers or sympatholytics, blood pressure in most of the patients was normalized within one month by a daily dose of 60 to 120 mg. Heart rate was only slightly increased. Orthostatic hypotension was not observed. Weight gain or oedema formation occurred in 14 patients within the first four weeks, but could be controlled satisfactorily by intensified diuretic therapy. Increased hair growth occurred in most of the patients. After a mean duration of treatment of 2.8 months, plasma volume and plasma and urine sodium were unaltered, and plasma potassium was slightly decreased. Plasma renin activity was doubled, whereas plasma aldosterone concentrations were unaltered. Plasma norepinephrine levels were high before and increased only slightly during chronic Ro 12-4713 treatment, whereas urinary norepinephrine excretion was unchanged. Plasma and urinary epinephrine were unaltered by Ro 12-4713. Ro 12 4713 appears to be a potent vasodilator for the combination treatment of hypertension in men. PMID- 7262179 TI - Agents which block membrane lipid peroxidation enhance mouse spleen cell immune activities in vitro: relationship to the enhancing activity of 2-mercaptoethanol. AB - A broad spectrum of agents known to block various steps in the lipid peroxidation process were tested for their ability to protect mouse spleen cells and thereby enhance their activities, in vitro, in either the primary antibody response or the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated proliferation response. Each agent (superoxide dismutase, butylated hydroxyanisole/butylated hydroxytoluene/n-propyl gallate, lucigenin, and alpha-tocopherol) was able to enhance the cellular response in both assay systems. The degree of enhancement of these immune functions was in proportion to the efficacy of each agent in blocking the overall process in lipid peroxidation. Previous work in this laboratory has shown that the enhancement of the primary antibody response by 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) is mediated by the enhanced availability of reduced glutathione in the culture medium. Suboptimal doses of each lipid antioxidant agent were able to enhance the antibody response in the additive manner with a suboptimal dose of 2-ME up to a maximum response equal to that achieved with an optimal dose of 2-ME alone. These data support the hypothesis that the enhancement of cellular responses in the presence of 2-ME is mediated by the lipid antioxidant activity of reduced glutathione. PMID- 7262178 TI - Prolonged Q-T interval and severe tachyarrhythmias, common features of sotalol intoxication. AB - The findings in six patients admitted to hospital 0.5-4.5 h after the ingestion of an overdose of 2.4-8 g sotalol are described. In addition to bradycardia and hypotension, all patients had a considerably prolonged corrected Q-T interval, up to 172 +/- 8% of normal. Severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurred in five of the six patients, the risk was greatest up to 20 h after the ingestion of sotalol. The long Q-T interval returned to normal over 3 to 4 days, which is consistent with the long half-life of sotalol. In addition to its beta-blocking action, sotalol has marked electrophysiological properties of a Class III antiarrhythmic drugs, which are likely to be able to account for its observed effects. Special attention should be paid to the risk of severe ventricular arrhythmias in sotalol intoxications. PMID- 7262180 TI - Liposomes as immunological adjuvants in eliciting antibodies specific to the synthetic polypeptide poly(LTyr, LGlu)-poly(DLAla)--(LLys) with high frequency of site-associated idiotypic determinants. AB - The antibody response to the synthetic polypeptide, poly(LTyr, LGlu)-poly(DLAla)- poly(LLys), [(T,G)-A--L], injected entrapped in liposomes which served as adjuvant has been analyzed. The liposomes used were composed of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, dicetylphosphate and DL alpha-tocopherol (molar ratios as 4:3:0.1:0.5) and therefore, were negatively charged. Since the (T,G)-A- L is also negatively charged, no free complexes were formed. The (T,G)-A--L was found to be entrapped inside the enclosed volume of the liposomes, and no (T,G)-A -L antigenic determinants could be detected on the liposomal membranes. Injection of high-responder C3H.SW (H-2b) mice with (T,G)-A--L-bearing liposomes demonstrated that the i.p. and the i.v. routes of immunization were efficient in eliciting (T, G)-A--L specific antibodies, whereas the i.d. injection led to poor antibody responses. The latter route of immunization is the most effective when (T,G)-A--L is injected in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). When low doses (0.1 and 1 microgram) of (T, G)-A--L were used for immunization, the liposomes were better adjuvants than CFA. The effectiveness of the liposomes as immunological adjuvants was also shown in their ability to induce high-potential, primed memory cells. The pattern of low (H-2k,a) and high (H-2b) responsiveness to (T,G)-A--L was retained following immunization with (T,G)-A--L entrapped in liposomes, as tested in two pairs of congenic strains. (T,G)-A--L-specific antibodies induced by injection with 1 microgram antigen entrapped in liposomes bear the (T,G)-A--L site-related idiotypic markers of C3H.SW (Igh-1a) mice in a significantly higher frequency than the homologous idiotypes, namely the antibodies elicited in this strain against (T,G)-A--L in CFA. Thus, liposomes may serve as adjuvants for the production of relatively restricted (T,G)-A--L-specific antibodies of high quality. PMID- 7262181 TI - Common neuroectodermal antigens on human melanoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, glioblastoma and fetal brain revealed by hybridoma antibodies raised against melanoma cells. AB - The hybridoma system has been utilized to produce antibodies to characterize the cell surface antigens on human melanoma cells. On initial screening, two antibodies derived by the fusion of mouse myeloma cell (SP2/0-Ag14) and splenocytes from a mouse immunized with a melanoma cell line (CaCL 78-1) showed cross-reactivity with 10 melanoma cell lines and did not react with any of 4 epithelial cancer lines, or 4 normal adult fibroblast lines. However, because of reactivity with 2 neuroblastoma cell lines, additional testing with other neuroectodermal derivatives was carried out and revealed a broad cross-reactivity among melanomas, neuroblastomas, retinoblastomas and glioblastomas and against antigens shared by fetal but not adult brain. Thus, these results indicate the existence of common neuroectodermal antigens on melanoma cells. Before melanoma specificity can be claimed for, an antibody reactivity with nonmelanoma cells bearing these neuroectodermal antigen should be excluded. PMID- 7262182 TI - Antigen presentation and regulatory functions of human monocytes in the in vitro response of lymphocytes against purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD). AB - Monocyte functions in the primary and secondary proliferative responses of human lymphocytes against purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) have been studied. By applying the antigens either directly to the responding cells or on antigen-treated autologous monocytes, it was possible to distinguish between two different monocyte functions: antigen presentation and regulation. Their helper function in lymphocyte proliferation was found in cell-free supernatants of autologous and allogeneic monocytes and was expressed better in the secondary rather than in the primary responses. The antigen-presenting function of monocytes, however, was found to be more substantial in the primary response of lymphocytes. These results suggest that macrophage dependency of certain immune functions should be considered in regard to the various functions of macrophages, since at least quantitative differences for each of the macrophage functions were found in the primary and secondary proliferative responses. PMID- 7262183 TI - Regulation of ongoing IgE antibody responses with minute doses antigen. AB - Repeated challenge of egg albumin-immunized Hooded Lister rats with a tiny amount of antigen presents a stimulus not only to effector cells for an IgE response but also to a related class-selective suppressive mechanism which eventually becomes predominant. The results obtained suggest that IgE responsiveness is abrogated by exposure to an antigen dose which is several orders of magnitude lower than required for the regulation of antibody of other classes. PMID- 7262184 TI - Covariance of plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol and diastolic blood pressure. AB - To test the acute effects of clonidine on plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenethyleneglycol (MHPG), the major metabolite of brain norepinephrine (NE), and to examine the relationship between plasma MHPG and concurrently measured blood pressure variables, we performed a series of 31 double blind, placebo controlled, test days in which clonidine (1 and 5 micrograms/kg) or placebo was administered (p.o. at 9:00 a.m.) to six fasting normotensive male subjects. Three h following the 5 micrograms/kg clonidine dose, plasma MHPG reached a nadir significantly below both baseline and placebo levels (P less than 0.05). Mean MHPG concentrations were significantly correlated with diastolic blood pressure (sitting: r = 0.46, df = 88, P less than 0.00001; standing r = 0.49, df = 73, P less than 0.00001). Unexpectedly, this relationship was independent of clonidine dose and sampling time. Under drug-free conditions, the correlation between plasma free MHPG and diastolic blood pressure remained significant (sitting: r = 0.43, df = 40, P = 0.003; standing: r = 0.46, df = 33, P = 0.006). The findings are considered in light of evidence implicating brain NE systems in the regulation of blood pressure. PMID- 7262185 TI - The influence of cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on the gastric effects of reserpine in rats. AB - The effects of graded doses of cimetidine on both resting and reserpine-evoked gastric acid secretion were examined in relation to their influence on reserpine induced ulceration, mast cell degranulation and mucosal microcirculatory changes in rat stomachs. Cimetidine 10 mg/kg or above reduced resting or reserpine provoked gastric acid secretion as well as rumenal and glandular ulceration. However, non-acid-inhibiting doses, 5 mg/kg or below, continued to prevent glandular ulceration. Reserpine-evoked gastric glandular mucosal mast cell degranulation was unaffected by both acid-inhibiting and non-acid-inhibiting doses of cimetidine which dose-dependently blocked the superficial glandular mucosal microcirculatory volume changes. These results suggest that cimetidine prevents reserpine-induced glandular ulceration largely by blocking the ulcerogenic effect of histamine H2-receptor-mediated mucosal microcirculatory congestion, in contrast to antagonising rumenal lesions through acid inhibition; they also support the idea tha reserpine may release histamine mainly from the glandular mucosal mast cells. The possibility of another antiulcer mechanism, due to cytoprotection, is discussed. PMID- 7262186 TI - Relaxant responses of the isolated guinea-pig left pulmonary artery produced by acidic histamine solutions. AB - Contractile responses to histamine were examined on left pulmonary arterial rings isolated from reserpine-pretreated guinea pigs. In the presence of mepyramine, contractile responses to histamine dihydrochloride and histamine diphosphate were preceded by concentration-dependent relaxant responses which were not blocked by metiamide. Hydrochloric acid also produced relaxation of the histamine- and noradrenaline-contracted vessels. Solutions of histamine dihydrochloride and histamine free base adjusted to about pH 7 did not produce the relaxant response. Changes in tissue bath pH were correlated with relaxant responses produced by acidic histamine and hydrochloric acid solutions. Relaxation produced by histamine in this preparation is due to changes in tissue bath pH and not to activation of an atypical type of histamine receptor. PMID- 7262187 TI - Stimulation of retinal adenylate cyclase by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). AB - The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), secretin and glucagon on retinal adenylate cyclase were studied in rabbit, rat and calf retinas. The results demonstrate the presence of a highly active VIP sensitive adenylate cyclase in mammalian retina. The effects are not enhanced by the guanine nucleotide analog 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p). Glucagon and secretin also caused significant increases in retinal adenylate cyclase activity although, in general, the magnitude of these effects was less than that of VIP. PMID- 7262188 TI - The role of zinc ion in the development of gastric ulcers in rats. AB - The properties of the gastric mucosal barrier and acid output were investigated in zinc deficient rats. A decline in total acid output, a significant diminution in hydrogen and sodium ion fluxes and an increase in gastric lesions suggest a marked breakdown of the gastric mucosal barrier in zinc deficient rats. PMID- 7262189 TI - Injection of low doses of apomorphine into the nucleus accumbens of rats reduces locomotor activity. PMID- 7262190 TI - The [3H]5-HT and [3H]spiroperidol binding sites in the rat frontal cortex and thermally inactivated at different rates. PMID- 7262191 TI - REM sleep deprivation induces subsensitivity of dopamine receptors mediating sedation in rats. PMID- 7262192 TI - Absence of high-ffinity [3H]imipramine binding in platelets and cerebral cortex of fawn-hooded rats. PMID- 7262193 TI - Indomethacin, ibuprofen and meclofenamate inhibit adenosine uptake by rat brain synaptosomes. PMID- 7262195 TI - Potentiation by Des-Tyr-gamma-endorphin on apomorphine-induced changes in rat open field behavior. PMID- 7262194 TI - Detailed analysis of the effects of apomorphine and d-amphetamine on spontaneous locomotor behaviour of rats as measured in a TV-based, automated open-field system. AB - Rat open field behaviour was measured in a TV-based, automated system. Habituation was evident in saline-treated rats. Most variables measured declined over a 10 min period. Apomorphine affected rat open-field behaviour bimodally, i.e. low doses of apomorphine (0.02-0.08 mg/kg, s.c.) decreased most aspects of rat open-field behaviour, whereas at higher doses (0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) various aspects of open-field behaviour were stimulated. Rearing and average speed, however, were monotonically depressed. Amphetamine (1 and 2 mg/kg) stimulated most aspects of rats open-field behaviour, including rearing. Speed was not affected by amphetamine. Habituation was more pronounced after low doses of apomorphine than after saline treatment and was absent after high doses of apomorphine and after amphetamine. The results represent a detailed analysis of apomorphine and amphetamine effects on rat open-field behaviour and show that the distinct components of this behaviour are affected differentially. PMID- 7262196 TI - Norepinephrine produces tension through electromechanical coupling in rabbit ear artery. PMID- 7262197 TI - [Studies on the pheromonal pregnancy block in the mouse. II. Discriminatory and/or memorial mechanisms in female mice responding to the stud male]. AB - The present study was carried out to examine whether the stud male strain have a blocking effect on the pregnancy in stud female. Four inbred mouse strains, C3H, C57BL/6, BALB/c and CBA, were used in these experiments. Virgin female mice were caged together with a male of a different strain at 10-20 weeks of age for copulation. The mated females were removed from the male, and housed with a male strange or alien from the stud male. The "Bruce effect" was evident in C3H, BALB/c and CBA strains, but not in C57BL/6. It was shown in the strains having the "Bruce effect" that pregnancy block occurred if the strange male was of a strain different from the stud male. Further experiments were designed to examine whether the "Bruce effect" might depend on imprinting or memory in a stud female by preproximity to a strange or alien male before stud mating. In this experiment, the "Bruce effect" did not occur in BALB/c or CBA strain by "imprinting" from preproximity to the strange or alien male, except for BALB/c males. From these findings, it was suggested that the discrimination or memory must play a leading role in the "Bruce effect" in that the female was able to recognize her own stud male. PMID- 7262198 TI - [Maternal and fetal response to hemorrhagic anemia during organogenesis in rats]. AB - The effects of artificial oligemic anemia on dams and their fetuses were investigated in pregnant rats. Animals divided into ten groups of four to six each were bled from the jugular vein at various stages of gestation. Hematological examination was performed on day 20 of gestation, then dams were sacrificed. Depression of maternal weight gain, decrease of food intake and increase of water intake were recognized in all the bled groups. These changes were more conspicuous in the groups venipunctured at early stages of organogenesis. At autopsy, there was no evidence of anemia in any of the groups bled before day 10 of pregnancy whereas the does bled after day 12 were found anemic. In term fetuses from these anemic mothers, however, no adverse findings suggestive of feto-toxicity and teratogenicity were noted. PMID- 7262199 TI - [Distribution of environmental temperature and relative humidity according to the number of conditioned air changes in laboratory animals rooms]. AB - The relation of the rate of circulating air change to room temperature and relative humidity in animal quarters with a central air-conditioning system during heating and cooling seasons was investigated, with the results as follows: During the period of heating, the ambient temperature generally rose with a fall of relative humidity as the number of conditioned air changes per hour was increased. Vertical differences in temperature and humidity between levels of 0.5 and 1.5 m above the floor also diminished with increasing air change rate. This tendency was more conspicuous in small animals rooms with outer walls facing north and west. With increasing rate of air changes, the room temperature was prone to decline and the relative humidity to rise during the period of cooling. There were less vertical differences in temperature and humidity during this period. The velocity of air circulation within the animal quarters and its variations tended to increase progressively with increasing rate of ventilation, though the changes were modest. PMID- 7262200 TI - [Rearing trial of a feed for Shiba goats]. AB - Shiba goats are among the widely used for research purposes as laboratory animals and there is an increasing need for development of a suitable feed of reasonably constant nutrient composition and quality in pellet form for them. Preliminary studies yielded a pellet feed satisfactorily palatable and adequate as a maintenance ration for this species. The present experiments were conducted to assess the pellet feed for usefulness in rearing Shiba goats, in comparison with a conventional ration which has long been used at the Stock Farm of Tokyo University. No significant intergroup differences were observed as to VFA proportions in the rumen fluid, hematologic parameters or blood chemical constituents between the pellet feed and conventional ration. Animals maintained on the experimental pellets ad libitum displayed a significant decrease in apparent digestibility. PMID- 7262201 TI - Polymorphism of serum protein in guinea pigs of inbred strains. AB - Three fractions of prealbumin tentatively designated as PA I, II and III were separated by starch gel electrophoresis of sera of inbred guinea pig strains 2 and 13. Migration of PA II in strain 13 was faster than that in strain 2. PA II in F1 hybrid between strains 2 and 13 showed a single broad band approximately twice the width of each strain. Migrations of PA II in other 10 inbred strains of JY series were the same as that of strain 2, except for one strain, JY-8, which showed the same pattern as in strain 13. Thus the PA II migration seemed to be of codominant inheritance and a useful biochemical marker for identification of inbred strains of guinea pigs. PMID- 7262202 TI - [Spontaneous thymoma occurring in Buffalo/Mna rats]. PMID- 7262203 TI - Long-term observation of canine brucellosis: excretion of Brucella canis into urine of infected male dogs. AB - Six male dogs orally inoculated with 3.2 X 10(8) Brucella canis and 2 male dogs naturally infected with the organisms were examined weekly for the presence of the organisms in urine and blood as well as for agglutinin titers in serum. Excretion of the organisms into urine started on 1 to 3 weeks after onset of bacteremia, i.e. 4 to 8 weeks after inoculation, and lasted for about 1 to 1.5 years. Non-bacteremic intervals, intermittent or lasting for about 1 to 6 months, followed the initial period of abundant excretion of viable organisms in urine. The highest urinary concentrations of the organisms, 2.5 X 10(4) to 1.5 X 10(6) cells per ml, were obtained in all dogs between the 6th and 14th weeks after the oral inoculation. Serum agglutinin titer rose on the 3rd to 5th weeks after the inoculation and then the titers remained at 1 : 640-1 : 2,560. The titers showed a downward trend over the 40 th to 56th weeks after the inoculation. In one of the spontaneously infected cases, the organisms were demonstrable only from urine for half a year with suspicious serum agglutinin titer of 1 : 160 after the bacteremic phase. PMID- 7262204 TI - Effects of low-dose total-body irradiation on canine bone marrow function and canine lymphoma. AB - Low-dose total-body irradiation, 150 rad given in 10 fractions over 5 weeks, is a useful treatment modality for favorable-prognosis lymphomas. Little is known, however, about the effects of this regimen on normal bone marrow. Six healthy beagle dogs and 5 dogs of various breeds with lymphoma were treated with total body irradiation. Three of the 5 lymphomatous dogs achieved remissions of limited duration. No changes in hemograms or in bone marrow cellularity (as assessed by needle marrow biopsies) could be detected during or after treatment. Bone marrow progenitor cells were studied weekly during treatment and for 4 weeks thereafter using in vitro growth assays for GM-CFC and M-CFC. These studies demonstrated significant reductions (P less than 0.001) of granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cells with subsequent recovery toward normal pre-irradiation and sham irradiation values. Two additional dogs were injected with sublethal doses of Salmonella typhosa endotoxin 2 weeks after completion of the irradiation regimen. Their bone marrow GM-CFC responses were dramatically blunted compared to nonirradiated controls whereas their peripheral leukocyte responses and serum CSF levels were comparable to nonirradiated controls. These studies suggest that total-body irradiation may induce bone marrow injury that may be clinically significant if patients so treated are further stressed by infections or myelosuppressive drugs. PMID- 7262205 TI - Characterization and enrichment of macrophage progenitor cells from normal and 5 fluorouracil treated mouse bone marrow by unit gravity sedimentation. AB - Unit gravity sedimentation has been used to characterize and enrich cells from normal, post-5-fluorouracil (FU) and post 5-fluorouracil plus endotoxin (FUEt) regenerating mouse bone marrow with respect to two classes of macrophage progenitor cells. The two classes of progenitor cells assayed were (1) those responsive to the combined stimulus of pregnant mouse uterus extract (PMUE) plus human spleen conditioned medium (HUSPCM), and (2) those responsive to PMUE alone. In contrast to the bimodal nucleated cell distribution of normal marrow, 7 day post-FU marrow exhibited a unimodal nucleated cell profile. In marrow from 7 day post-FUEt treated mice, in ;which marrow regeneration was accelerated, there was a reemergence of a second nucleated cell peak. In addition, in 7 day post-FU and 7 day post-FUEt marrow there was a shift in the modal sedimentation velocities of both PMUE responsive and PMUE + HUSPCM responsive populations to higher values. The combined effect of these changes resulted in a marked increase in plating efficiencies of the peak enrichment fractions, reaching 12.5% in 7 day post-FUEt marrow. However, the highest yield of progenitor cells responsive to the combined stimulus of PMUE + HUSPCM compared to those responsive to PMUE alone were obtained in 7 day post-FU marrow. PMID- 7262207 TI - Scanning electron microscope observations on surface changes occurring in murine granulocytes and macrophages during maturation in soft agar cultures. AB - The present work has been undertaken to study by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the cell surface changes occurring in granulocytes and macrophages during the process of maturation in soft agar cultures. All stages of maturation of these cells can be seen in a single colony, with immature cells at the center and mature cells toward the periphery. Special emphasis was made, therefore, to maintain the integrity of the colonies during preparation of the specimens for the SEM. Colonies of granulocytes appeared as tight aggregates of cells. The surfaces of cells in such colonies in 3 to 4-day-old cultures contained many microvilli. Cells in colonies of 5 to 7-day-old cultures contained fewer microvilli on their surfaces. Colonies of macrophages appeared as loose aggregates of cells. The surfaces of cells in such colonies in 3 to 4-day-old cultures was slightly ruffled, while the surfaces of cells in 5 to 7-day-old colonies had well developed ruffles. Granulocyte and macrophage colonies showed the same internal organization of the colony: In granulocytes, cells with many microvilli were located in the center of the colony and cells with less microvilli were at the periphery of the colonies. In macrophages, cells slightly ruffled were located in the center of the colony, while cells highly ruffled were at the periphery of the colonies. These observations have been confirmed by transmission electron and light microscopy preparations. PMID- 7262206 TI - Temporal correlation of the marrow's production of granulopoietic stimulatory activity and granulocyte regeneration after vinblastine. PMID- 7262208 TI - Purification of mouse erythroid cells. PMID- 7262209 TI - Myelopoiesis in the presence of stromal cells from mouse bone marrow: II. Mechanism of glucose dependent colony formation. AB - The inhibition of myeloid colony formation exerted by adherent bone marrow cells could be relieved by various non-metabolized methylglycosides and also by the free sugar D-glucose. The formation of colonies in the presence of the latter had, however, a number of distinct features. To test whether the effect of D glucose was due to its metabolism, we tried to mimic the glucose effect by pyruvate and lactate. These could not induce colony formation in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells. Glucose-induced colonies could also form on top of agar overlayering the adherent cells. It therefore appears that stromal cells produce a stimulator of myelopoiesis which is glucose-dependent. This factor is capable of partially overcoming the activity of the inhibitor concomitantly produced by stromal cells. PMID- 7262210 TI - The effect of monocular paralysis on the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. AB - The proportions and some of the properties of X and Y cells in lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of adult cats were measured 14-16 days after monocular paralysis. The paralysis was produced by sectioning cranial nerves III, IV and VI. No difference from normal was observed in the proportions of X and Y cells either in the A layer driven by the paralyzed eye or in the A1 layer driven by the mobile eye. The distribution of latencies to chiasm stimulation and the average visual spatial resolution were within the normal range in both A and A1 layers. These experiments indicate that monocular paralysis in the adult cat does not affect the numbers of X and Y cells in the LGN. However, the averages of cell body size in layers A and A1 contralateral to the immobilized eye were roughly equal, whereas in the normal cat cells in layer A1 are larger than those in layer A. PMID- 7262211 TI - A quantitative analysis of the direction-specific response of Neurons in the cat's nucleus of the optic tract. AB - All cells in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) of the cat, that could be activated antidromically from the inferior olive, were shown to be direction specific, as influenced by horizontal movements of an extensive visual stimulus. Cells in the left NOT were activated by leftward and inhibited by rightward movement, while those in the right NOT were activated by rightward and inhibited by leftward movement. Vertical movements did not modulate the spontaneous activity of the cells. The mean spontaneous discharge rate in 50 NOT cells was 30 spikes/s. This direction-specific response was maintained over a broad velocity range (Less Than 0.1 degrees - Greater Than 100 degrees/s). Velocities over 200 degrees/s could inhibit NOT cells regardless of stimulus direction. All cells in the NOT were driven by the contralateral eye, about half of them by the ipsilateral eye also. In addition, activation through the contralateral eye was stronger in most binocular units. Binocular cells preferred the same direction in the visual space through both eyes. An area approximately corresponding to the visual streak in the cat's retina projected most densely onto NOT cells. This included an extensive ipsilateral projection. No clear retinotopic order was seen. The most sensitive zone in the very large receptive fields (most diameters being Greater Than 20 degrees) was along the horizontal zero meridian of the visual field. The retinal input to NOT cells was mediated by W-fibers. The striking similarities between the input characteristics of NOT-cells and optokinetic nystagmus are discussed. The direction selectivity and ocular dominance of the NOT system as a whole can provide a possible explanation for the directional asymmetry in the cat's optokinetic nystagmus when only one eye is stimulated. PMID- 7262213 TI - Visual response characteristics of neurons in nucleus of basal optic root of pigeons. AB - This study investigated the response characteristics of single cells in the nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) of the accessory optic system of pigeons. One hundred and twenty-one nBOR cells were studied and quantitative data from 87 units indicated that they preferred very large random patterned stimuli, and did not respond to stimuli less than 30 degrees in diameter. In many cases the receptive field encompassed the entire monocular visual field. nBOR cells were directionally sensitive with approximately 70% preferring motion with an upward vector. They responded to very slow velocities in the range of 0.5 degrees to 5.0 degrees s-1, and did not adapt to continuous stimulation. Maximal responses occurred to very large randomly patterned stimuli moving slowly in an upward direction. These response characteristics together with the anatomical connections of the nBOR suggest that this nucleus may be involved in processing self-induced visual motion information required for vertical optokinetic stabilization. PMID- 7262212 TI - Relation of single unit properties to the oculomotor function of the nucleus of the basal optic root (accessory optic system) in chickens. AB - Single unit recordings in the nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) of the accessory optic system in chickens suggest that it has a role in vertical stabilizing eye movements. Cells have unusually large receptive fields and never respond to small stationary stimuli. They respond best to large richly patterned stimuli moving slowly (2-4 degrees/s) in vertical directions. Cells responsive to upward movement tend to be located in the dorsal portion of nBOR, which projects to motor areas producing upward eye movement, whereas cells responsive to downward movement tend to be located in the ventral portion of nBOR, which projects to motor areas producing downward eye movement; this suggests that these synapses onto oculomotor neurons are excitatory. In many nBOR units, the preferred and null directions are not opposite to each other. These directional asymmetries seem to be correlated with other properties of the units in a manner that supports the idea that the accessory optic system is arranged according to a vestibular coordinate system. This finding complements the abundant anatomical and physiological evidence linking the accessory optic system to the vestibular system. PMID- 7262214 TI - Non-stationarity of ocular dominance in cat striate cortex. AB - Interocular relationships, based on monocular directional tuning curves derived simultaneously for bar and for texture motion interleaved, are described for complex cells in the lightly-anaesthetised feline striate cortex. The results confirm earlier reports of stimulus-dependent differences in ocular dominance (Hammond 1979a, b) and demonstrate that "ocular-dominance" may be time-dependent and influenced by secondary stimulus characteristics including velocity of motion. Temporal and apparently spontaneous shifts in ocular dominance may take place other than in parallel for different classes of stimuli and may even occur simultaneously but in opposite directions. Thus absolute shifts in eye preference, as well as relative shifts between differing stimuli, must both occur with time, perhaps as the result of non-visual influences. The results present a challenge to strategies classically employed in defining cortical ocular dominance. PMID- 7262215 TI - Cat retina and the sampling theorem; the relation of transient and sustained brisk-unit cut-off frequency to alpha and beta-mode cell density. PMID- 7262216 TI - Sensory experiences in man evoked by intraneural electrical stimulation of intact cutaneous afferent fibers. AB - The response of slowly conducting myelinated and unmyelinated afferent units to natural types of cutaneous stimuli was recorded extracellularly with tungsten microelectrodes from intact human skin nerves. Seven fibers had characteristics of C-polymodal units (conduction velocity: 0.75-1.2 m/s) and two fit descriptions of myelinated high- threshold mechanoreceptors (conduction velocity of one: 19 m/s). Attempts were made to evoke a sensation in a subject by stimulating the impaled fascicles directly with electrical pulses of controlled amplitude, duration and frequency so as to try to correlate responsive properties of the sensory units and sensory experience. The subjective sensations evoked by natural stimuli to the skin surface were used as criteria for comparison. PMID- 7262217 TI - Spatial control of arm movements. AB - Human subjects were instructed to point one hand to different visual targets which were randomly sequenced, using a paradigm which allowed two degrees of freedom (shoulder, elbow). The time course of the hand trajectory and the joint angular curves were observed. The latter exhibited patterns which change markedly for different movements, whereas the former preserve similar characteristics (in particular, a single peaked tangential velocity curve). The hypothesis is then formulated that the central command for these movements is formulated in terms of trajectories of the hand in space. PMID- 7262218 TI - The effects of muscle vibration on the attainment of intended final position during voluntary human arm movements. AB - Muscle tendon vibration was applied during voluntary step-tracking arm target movements performed by normal human subjects. Vibration (freq. = 120 Hz) was applied over either the biceps or triceps tendons. During non-visually guided (eyes closed) trials, vibration of the muscle antagonistic to the movement being performed resulted in an undershoot of the required target. Thus, biceps vibration produced an undershoot of the extension target and triceps vibration an undershoot of the flexion target. The same effect occurred if the vibration was applied continuously over several movements or only during the course of individual movements. In contrast, vibration of the muscle acting as the prime mover had no effect on the correct attainment of the required target. It is suggested that the central nervous system may monitor muscle afferent activity of the lengthening (antagonist) muscle during simple, step movements. PMID- 7262219 TI - Differential conduction velocities in perforant path fibres in guinea pig. AB - Conduction velocities (c.vs) of different hippocampal fibre groups have been measured in slices in vitro. In the mossy fibres, Schaffer collaterals and Str. oriens fibres the c.v. varied from 0.36-0.38 m/s; in the alveus c.v. was 1.20 m/s. In the perforant path (p.p.) two groups of c.vs were found: in the medial p.p. the mean (+/- s.e) c.v. was 0.32 +/- 0.02 m/s, whereas in the lateral p.p. it was 1.36 +/- 0.14 m/s. PMID- 7262220 TI - Corticospinal tract collaterals to the dorsal column nuclei of cats. An anatomical single and double retrograde tracer study. AB - A double-labelling anatomical strategy employing horseradish peroxidase and tritiated, enzymatically inactive horseradish peroxidase allowed simultaneous visualization of corticospinal neurones and cortical neurones projecting to the dorsal column nuclei in cats. By this approach it is shown that although most cortical fibres to these nuclei are not branches of corticospinal axons, neurones projecting to both targets are present in all areas of the sensorimotor cortex and especially in area 3a. Thus, cortical control upon the dorsal column nuclei is mediated via descending fibres that differ as to their origin and to their branching pattern. PMID- 7262221 TI - Rate of stimulus repetition changes evoked potential amplitude: dental and auditory modalities compared. AB - Vertex evoked potentials (40--500 ms) elicited by painful dental stimulation were compared with those elicited by innocuous auditory stimuli across three rates of stimulus repetition: one second, four seconds, and eight seconds. In both modalities peak amplitude of the major waveform components increased linearly over log rate as stimulus repetition was slowed, and latency of the latest positive component was increased. No changes in subjective stimulus intensity across rate of repetition were reported. These observations demonstrate that the normally close relationship between subjective pain report and EP amplitude is not variant, and they suggest that the development of EP methodology in human pain research should proceed conservatively. PMID- 7262222 TI - Ultrastructural study of vestibular and reticular projections to the abducens nucleus. AB - The origin of the synaptic boutons in the abducens nucleus was studied following lesions of the contralateral medial vestibular nucleus, the ipsilateral paramedian pontine reticular formation and the contralateral dorsomedial part of the reticular formation caudal to the abducens nucleus. Lesions in the rostral part of the contralateral medial vestibular nucleus resulted in degeneration of boutons located mainly on dendritic processes. On the other hand, lesions in both ipsilateral and contralateral reticular formations provoked degenerating terminals on the somata of the abducens neurones and on proximal dendrites in the abducens nucleus beneath of genu of the facial nerve. PMID- 7262223 TI - Compressed retinotectal projection in hamsters: fewer ganglion cells project to tectum after neonatal tectal lesions. AB - After partial ablation of the superior colliculus (tectum) in neonatal hamsters, the whole extent of the visual field comes to be represented in a compressed map on the remaining tectal fragment. However, the total volume of tectal tissue in which retinotectal fibers arborize is less than normal. These observations suggests that the retinal ganglion cells which arborize in this reduced volume might arise throughout the whole extent of the retina but be fewer in number than normal. Alternatively, the ganglion cells which project to the tectum might be normal in number but reduced in terminal arbor size. To distinguish between these possibilities, we have used tectal injections of horseradish peroxidase to label retinal ganglion cells which project to the tectum. The numbers of labelled cells per mm2 of retina were counted in selected regions. In hamsters with small lesions, which left 80--85% of the tectum intact, the density of labelled retinal ganglion cells was normal. However, in hamsters with larger lesions, the density of labelled cells was significantly lower than normal. PMID- 7262225 TI - Dendritic spikes induced in fast pyramidal tract neurons by thalamic stimulation. AB - In deeply anesthetized cats the synaptic events induced in fast pyramidal tract cells (Pt cells) by ventrolateral (VL) stimulation were analyzed with intracellular recordings. In 40% of the fastest conducting Pt neurons it was found that VL stimulation induced fast depolarizing potentials (FPPs) with or without underlying excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). These FPPs were all or non fast rising events lasting about 2 ms. They could be induced by brachium conjunctivum stimulation or they could also occur spontaneously. Those occurring spontaneously had amplitude and time course similar to those evoked by VL stimulation suggesting that they were of thalamic origin. On the basis of their amplitude and lack of collision with antidromic action potentials FPPs were neither axonal nor IS events. Passage of hyperpolarizing currents could block them in an all or none manner. It is concluded that FPPs represent electronically attenuated dendritic spikes generated in small side branches (oblique ascending dendrites) or fast Pt neurons where VL terminals most probably establish their synaptic contacts. PMID- 7262224 TI - Edge sensitive mechanisms in humans with abnormal visual experience. AB - Detection of broadband, aperiodic stimuli (edges) was investigated in normal observers, and in observers with abnormal visual experience which resulted in amblyopia. The spatial properties of the mechanisms used to detect an edge were investigated by a method of subthreshold addition. The method involved the determination of the threshold contrast for detecting an edge in the presence of a subthreshold line at various distances from the edge. In normal eyes, the one dimensional sensitivity profile of the edge detecting mechanism was: (1) approximately antisymmetric, (2) very localized, with sensitivity changes restricted to +/- 6'--8' on either side of the edge, and (3) phase dependent, showing an abrupt change in sign between +/- 1.5'. The sensitivity profiles of the amblyopic eyes were also approximately antisymmetric and showed the same steep rate of change from plus to minus as the fellow (nonamblyopic) eyes. However, in every case, the spatial extent of the profile was much broader than that of the nonamblyopic eyes. In normal eyes, the narrowest edge sensitivity profile was associated with the fovea; however, in two amblyopes with eccentric fixation, the narrowest edge sensitivity profile coincided with the locus of eccentric fixation. Moreover, the grating sensitivity function of the edge detecting mechanism of the amblyopic eye was similar to that of the non-amblyopic eye, but was shifted toward lower spatial frequencies. Control experiments show that these results are not accounted for on the basis of optics, eccentric fixation, or abnormal eye movements. The findings are discussed in terms of current models for the detection of aperiodic stimuli, and in the context of animal models of amblyopia. PMID- 7262226 TI - Effect of body tilt on receptive field orientation of simple visual cortical neurons in unanesthetized cats. AB - The receptive field (RF) orientation of 53 simple visual cortical neurons was determined by recording the activity of single cells during presentation of stationary bars of light. An RF tuning curve was constructed for each cell by averaging the neural discharge resulting from the repeated presentation of a number of slit orientations. RF curves were then determined again, following a 45 degrees roll tilt of the entire head and body, and subsequently after the return of the animal to the original horizontal position. RF tuning curves were typical of what others have found to characterize simple cells, and were highly replicable on the return to the starting position. In 73% of the cells studied, the RF orientation after tilt remained unaltered relative to the head axis (+/- 15 degrees); in the remaining 27% of the cells RF orientations either under- or over-shot the retinal tilt by more than 15 degrees, and in some cases by as much as 45 degrees. These results support the hypothesis that the well documented vestibular inputs to visual cortex play a role in modifying the RF orientation selectively of visual cortical neurons, and suggest that such information may be an important neurophysiological substrate underlying visual spatial constancy mechanisms. PMID- 7262227 TI - Motor cortical modulation of the macaque red nucleus. PMID- 7262228 TI - Laminar organization of efferent cells in the parietal cortex of the Virginia opossum. AB - The size, shape and laminar position of efferent neurons in the parietal cortex of the Virginia opossum were identified using the method of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Injection of HRP into the spinal cord, dorsal column nuclei or pontine nuclei leads to labeling of cells in layer V and occasionally in layer VI, while a large injection of HRP in the dorsal thalamus labels many cells in layer VI, with fewer cells in layer V. HRP injections in the SSM cortex label cells in layers II-VI of ipsilateral and contralateral cortical areas. However, the majority of these cortico-cortical cells are found in the supragranular layers. Examination of the size, shape and laminar position of retrogradely labeled layer V neurons after injections in each of these areas suggests that none of these features can be used to predict accurately the projection target of individual neurons. We conclude that the laminar organization of efferent cells of the opossum parietal cortex is very similar to that seen in the neocortex of other mammals, despite the complete coalescence of somatic sensory (SI) and motor (MI) areas in the opossum. PMID- 7262229 TI - A quantitative assessment of eye alignment in cats after corpus callosum transection. AB - Eye alignment was measured in cats using a technique involving projection of retinal landmarks, determination of receptive field separation in binocular units and measurement of ganglion cell density. This technique has an accuracy of 20' of arc. Using this technique, we determined that alterations in eye alignment occur following surgical transection of the corpus callosum in cats. These changes are first observed two weeks after surgery and are still present ten months later. PMID- 7262230 TI - In situ measurement of the innervation ratio of motor units in human muscles. AB - Volume conduction measurements were carried out the brachial biceps, tibialis anterior and deltoid, in normal human subjects. Attenuation constant K and time constant tau of the muscle tissue transfer function were measured, and the average electrode uptake area calculated for the three muscles. The average number of muscle fibres in the motor unit, i.e., the innervation ratio, was calculated from the electrode uptake area, data on the motor unit territory, and measurements of fibre density. The innervation ratios for the brachial biceps, tibialis anterior and deltoid were 209, 329, and 239 fibres, respectively. It was found that the anatomical scatter of fibers belonging to the same motor unit was smaller in brachial biceps than in tibialis anterior, whereas the electrophysiological "fibre density" was higher in tibialis anterior. The implications of these findings for the interpretation of normal and abnormal electromyographic findings are discussed. PMID- 7262231 TI - Visual influences on vestibulospinal reflexes during vertical linear motion in normal and hemilabyrinthectomized monkeys. AB - In the present investigation, we have analysed the visually induced modulations of muscular responses during falls at different rates of acceleration and performed in five different visual conditions: Normal vision (NV), Darkness (D), Stabilized vision (SV), with visual motion cues being enhanced (EV), or reduced (RV). This study was conducted on normal and hemilabyrinthectomized baboons. EMG activities were recorded in the alert monkey from three pairs of muscles (splenius capitis, soleus and tibialis anterior). For testing, the monkey was seated in a special chair unexpectedly dropped by 0.9 m. Five peaks of maximum acceleration were used (8.8, 6.6, 4.4, 3.3, 2.2 m/s2). Conditions EV, SV and RV were tested by way of projector, the input of which consisted of the integral of vertical acceleration and output, the output of which controlled film motion. In the normal baboon the visually induced modulation of EMG responses in the SV, EV, and RV conditions was larger for slow falls than for fast ones. This modulation was direction-specific, at least for slow falls, and depended on the relative speed of the visual scene. Between certain limits, the energy of the responses was roughly proportional to the relative speed of the visual scene. These modifications were most accentuated in the splenius and soleus muscles. Condition D only produced a slight reduction of the EMG response. All these findings eliminate the possibility that the observed effects represents a startle response. Thus, we can conclude that there is a fact directional role of vision in postural control in the normal falling baboon. In the hemilabyrinthectomized animal, greater modulations were recorded only when the visual manipulations were performed during the first two postoperative weeks. This confirms the above results on the normal baboon and previous data on the role of vision in the recovery process. PMID- 7262233 TI - The influence of efferent, proprioceptive, and timing factors on the accuracy of eye-hand tracking. AB - Oculomotor tracking of one's moving hand is considerably more accurate than tracking of an external target undergoing comparable motion. To identify the factors contributing to this enhancement of tracking accuracy, the influence of visual, proprioceptive, and efferent cues on tracking performance was assessed. Related observations were made on the influence both of linear and topological transformations between target and hand position on tracking accuracy. The experimental findings indicate that if a target light is attached to one's hand, a) the target can be tracked with comparable accuracy for active and passive limb movements, and b) when the entire hand rather than just the target light is visible, pursuit velocity is higher and more closely matches target velocity. If a linear transformation is introduced between hand and target positions, nearly identical tracking accuracy is found with voluntary and involuntary limb movements. By contrast, topological transformations degrade target tracking accuracy for passive but not for voluntary limb movements. The implications of this finding are discussed. PMID- 7262232 TI - Relation of automatic postural responses and reaction-time voluntary movements of human leg muscles. AB - This study contrasts the properties of compensatory postural adjustments in response to movements of the support surface with those of reaction-time voluntary movements in human subjects. Subjects stood upon a six degrees-of freedom movable platform and performed tone and movement-triggered voluntary sways about the ankle joints both under conditions of postural stability and instability. These triggered movements could be executed as rapidly as postural adjustments to support surface perturbations (80-120 ms), but only when the former were well practiced, single-choice (direction) and were performed under conditions of postural stability. Evaluation of the properties of postural adjustments and reaction-time voluntary movements revealed a number of clear organizational differences between the two categories of movement, but most interesting was the finding that, when reaction-time movements were triggered by or at the onset of platform movement, the postural adjustments always occurred first. Only when subjects were given a tone trigger 50 ms in advance of platform movement were they able to execute the reaction-time movement first. We found that the dichotomous voluntary/reflexive classification of movements was not consistent with all of the identified properties of postural adjustments and reaction-time movements. Instead, we find a system which classifies movements by function, as either stabilizating or orientational adjustments, to be more useful. In the context of whole-body movement then, intentional focal components would be closely associated with others directed towards postural stabilization. PMID- 7262235 TI - Neuronal responses in the rat's thalamus to scrotal heating. AB - Twenty-one single neurons from the rat's thalamus were recorded as they responded to scrotal skin thermal stimulation. Eighteen of them were warm and three inverse warm cells. After the injection of Lidocain (Xylocain) into the scrotal skin, the response of each neuron was abolished. Eight neurons could be followed until the drug effect had disappeared; their responsiveness was fully restored. External application of Xylocain had the same effect as intracutaneous injection, apart from longer time intervals before the effect became apparent. From this, conclusions are drawn on the origin of the thalamic responses, and speculations are made on the functional role of warm and inverse-warm cells. PMID- 7262234 TI - The somatotopy of the gracile nucleus in cats with agenesis of a hindfoot. AB - The somatotropic representation of the hindlimb in the gracile nucleus was studied in two cats who had a congenital defect of one hindfoot. The defect comprised all of the foot downward from and including the heel, and the distal third of tibia and fibula. The part of the sciatic nerve normally supplying the lower hindlimb and the hindfoot was reduced in diameter by one third. The motoneurones corresponding to the absent muscles were lacking and replaced by glial elements. The cross-sectional area of the dorsal columns at segment S2 was reduced by more than 20%. The gracile nuclei, in contrast, were not reduced in size. Only the diameter of its neurones was significantly smaller. Electrophysiological single and multi-neurone recordings revealed an altered somatotopic representation in the gracile nucleus on the defective side. The nuclear area normally representing the missing parts of the body surface now received input from the stump. There was no nuclear area devoid of afferent input, and there was no input in the gracile from the forelimb or from the contralateral side. It is concluded that the remaining parts of the leg project onto the gracile nucleus in an ordered fashion, sharing the entire nucleus according to their present afferent fibres. PMID- 7262236 TI - The size and shape of rod and cone centres of cat retinal ganglion cells. AB - Receptive field centres of cat retinal ganglion cells, as mediated by rod and by cone inputs, were mapped as contours of iso-sensitivity at a mid-mesopic adapting luminance using, respectively, 452 nm-blue and 578 nm-yellow narrow-band lights at an intensity 1 log unit above threshold for the most sensitive locus. Based on the sizes and shapes of mapped or rod and cone centres for 74 ganglion cells, four receptive field centre categories were distinguished. Cone and rod centres were usually elliptical, and in almost 60% of cells the major axis through the receptive field centre was oriented within +/- 20 degrees of horizontal. In 69%, rod and cone centres were non-concentric, 66% rod and cone centres were non concentric, 66% had larger rod than cone centres - area ratios ranging from 0.6 : 1 to 2.9 : 1, and in only two cases was the rod centre actually smaller than the cone centre. PMID- 7262238 TI - An experimental electron microscopical study of a direct retino-pulvinar pathway in the tree shrew. AB - After unilateral enucleation in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis), axo-dendritic synapses degenerate within two secondary visual centers (intergeniculate and lateral pulvinar nuclei). Degenerated optic terminals were found in both pulvinar nuclei on the contralateral side much more often than on the ipsilateral one. PMID- 7262237 TI - Commissural and perforant path interactions in the rat hippocampus. Field potentials and unitary activity. AB - The interaction of the commissural and perforant path systems was studied by recording extracellular field potentials and single unit activity in the dentate gyrus in urethane-anesthetized rats. Conditioning commissural volleys suppressed extracellular synaptic potentials, population spikes and single unit discharges evoked by perforant path stimulation. Commissural stimulation (single or repetitive) failed to induce a population spike, however strong the stimulation. About half of the cells fired monosynaptically to perforant path volleys and 20% to commissural volleys. Half of the commissurally driven units fired before or coincided with field potential onset. The antidromic mechanism of these short latency unitary spikes was shown by the collision test. Commissural activation reduced spontaneous cell firing without previous excitation in 25% of the neurons. Less than 6% of the cells responded to stimulation of both inputs, indicating little convergence between the two pathways. We contend that a simple from of recurrent inhibition fails to explain the above findings, and the possibility of feed-forward inhibition by commissural activation has been raised. PMID- 7262239 TI - Effects of early monocular deprivation on development of cortico-geniculate projections in the cat. AB - In 16 cats monocularly deprived from 2 to 3 weeks of age, we studied 53 striate cortical cells which were identified as projecting to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) on the basis of antidromic activation from LGN and of histological localization within cortical layer VI. As in the normal cat, these cortico-geniculate cells could be classified as slow, intermediate or fast, according to their axonal conduction velocities. The sampling ratio of the slow cells (mostly unresponsive to visual stimuli) was much higher than normal. On the other hand, the ratio of the intermediate (one half were simple cells) and fast cells (all except one were complex cells) was significantly lower than the norm. Also, the average axonal conduction velocities of the complex and simple cells were significantly slower than normal. These results suggest that normal maturation of cortico-geniculate cells, particularly fast and intermediate ones, is retarded or arrested by monocular visual deprivation. PMID- 7262240 TI - Intra-cortical inhibition prevents simple cells from responding to textured visual patterns. AB - Evidence is presented that simple cells in the cat striate cortex (area 17) fail to respond to two dimensional random patterns but respond vigorously to one dimensional patterns with identical power at the preferred orientation of the cell. Further observations suggest that complex cells inhibit simple cells so as to permit them to respond selectively to one-dimensional stimuli. Implications for the role of this inhibition in visual analysis are discussed. PMID- 7262241 TI - Interaction between reflexes and voluntary motor activity in man revealed by discharges of separate motor units. PMID- 7262243 TI - Effect of orbitofrontal and temporal neocortical lesions of the affiliative behavior of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). PMID- 7262242 TI - Development of ongoing activity, mechanosensitivity, and adrenaline sensitivity in severed peripheral nerve axons. PMID- 7262244 TI - Denervation accelerates the degradation of junctional acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 7262245 TI - Escape from and avoidance of nociception elicited by intracranial stimulation of the cat subthalamus. PMID- 7262246 TI - Trophic activity of sheep sciatic nerve extracts in skeletal muscle cultures from normal and dystrophic chick embryos: failure of dystrophic muscle to respond. PMID- 7262248 TI - Influence of dorsal rhizotomy on a sustained avoidance response in rats. PMID- 7262247 TI - A new mechanism revealed for the action of antibodies on acetylcholine receptor function. PMID- 7262250 TI - Effect of denervation of neonatal rat sciatic nerve on the differentiation of myosin in a single muscle fiber. PMID- 7262249 TI - Chlorpromazine and skeletal muscle: a study of skinned single fibers of the guinea pig. PMID- 7262251 TI - Extensive loss of subcortical neurons in the aging rat brain. PMID- 7262252 TI - A Golgi study of dendritic morphology in the occipital cortex of socially reared aged rats. PMID- 7262253 TI - Changes in the rate of cortical epileptiform activity by increased intragastric pressure in cats. PMID- 7262254 TI - Partial purification and characterization of a nerve trophic factor regulating muscle acetylcholinesterase activity. PMID- 7262255 TI - Nerve trophic effects: partial purification from chick embryo brains of proteins that stimulate protein synthesis in cultured newt blastemata. PMID- 7262256 TI - Projections from the pontine reticular formation to the lateral geniculate body: autoradiographic demonstration of a pathway that could mediate pontine-geniculate occipital waves. PMID- 7262257 TI - Retina as a model system in paraplegia research: pharmacologic studies. PMID- 7262258 TI - Chronic cholinesterase inhibition does not modify amygdaloid kindling. PMID- 7262259 TI - Cholinergic kindling of the amygdala requires the activation of muscarinic receptors. PMID- 7262260 TI - Effect of lesions on cortical-generalized seizures in the kindled rat: spinal transections. PMID- 7262262 TI - Fiber type susceptibility in the dystrophic mouse. PMID- 7262261 TI - Locus coeruleus modulation of the motor thalamus: inhibition in nuclei ventralis lateralis and ventralis anterior. PMID- 7262263 TI - Slowing of fast-twitch muscle in the dystrophic mouse. PMID- 7262265 TI - Sprouting and reflex recovery after spinal nerve lesions in cats. PMID- 7262264 TI - Serum creatine phosphokinase variations in dystrophic mice. PMID- 7262266 TI - Tactile discrimination and somatosensory evoked responses after midbrain lesions in cats and rats. PMID- 7262267 TI - Dendritic length in aged rats' occipital cortex: an environmentally induced response. PMID- 7262268 TI - Sarcolemmal protein profiles from cultured myotubes and myoblasts. PMID- 7262269 TI - Influence of cyclophosphamide (Endoxan) and azimexone (BM 12.531), 2-[2 Cyanaziridinyl-(1)]-2-[2-carbamoylaziridinyl-(1)]-propane, on the bone marrow cells of mice. PMID- 7262270 TI - Influence of the immunostimulating compound azimexone (2-[2-Cyanaziridinyl-(1)]-2 [2-carbamoylaziridinyl-(1)]-propane) on the number of metastases in the Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. PMID- 7262271 TI - Primary neoplasms of the heart. PMID- 7262272 TI - Immunomodulation by the new synthetic compound BM 12.531, 2-[2-cyanaziridinyl (1)]-[2-carbamoylaziridinyl-(1)]-propane (azimexone). PMID- 7262273 TI - Contribution to the phosphate-induced nephropathy in the dog. Comparative light and electron microscopic investigations on the proximal tubule after oral application of K2HPO4, Na2HPO4, KCl and NaCl. AB - 20 male beagle-dogs divided into 4 groups were given equimolar amounts of K2HPO4, Na2HPO4, KCl and NaCl daily by gavage over a period of 9 or 22 weeks. A further collective of 5 dogs served as the control. After terminating the experiment the animals were killed and the kidneys were investigated by light- and electron microscopy. No renal damage developed in dogs treated with KCl or NaCl. In those treated with K2HPO4 or Na2HPO4 nephrocalcinosis with disseminated atrophy of the proximal tubule occurred. The following processes in the proximal tubulus could be analysed and pathogenetically classified: the dedifferentiated tubulus epithelial cells undergo advancing autodigestion by multiplication, enlargement and fusion of autophagic vacuoles and autophagolysosomes. After extrusion of the lysosomal bodies into the tubular lumen and the degradation of the intratubular detritus, residues consisting of completely empty and collapsed basement membrane tubes remain. The significance of these findings for clinical diagnostics in relation to the urine is discussed. It is emphasized that, in the case of proven tubulopathy with a negative protein finding and an absence of epithelial cells and casts in the urine, it can be assumed that the protein and epithelial cells were digested intratubularly by lysosomal enzymes. PMID- 7262274 TI - Purification of a nuclease from human serum. AB - The purification procedure for a nuclease from human serum is described. It includes ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and on Sephacryl-S 200, and preparative electrophoresis. The enzyme purified about 2000 fold, is homogeneous in a sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoretic system, where it has a mol. wt of 78,000. The pH optimum lies around pH 6.5; it is a sugar nonspecific endonuclease. PMID- 7262275 TI - Glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate utilization by chick telencephalon during postnatal development. PMID- 7262276 TI - Centromere separation: existence of sequences. PMID- 7262277 TI - Soluble hepatic lectin in regenerating liver. PMID- 7262278 TI - Double minutes in fibroblast-like cells isolated from human tumors. PMID- 7262279 TI - Time-course of changes in lipofuscin-like pigments in rat liver homogenate and mitochondria after whole body gamma irradiation. PMID- 7262280 TI - Intramuscular injections of 1,2-propanediol can stimulate rumen papillar development of milk-fed kids. PMID- 7262281 TI - Effect of ambient cold on urine concentration by the intact and denervated dog kidney. AB - In dogs transferred from room temperature to a low temperature of 1 +/- (SD) 3.5 degree C, the plasma norepinephrine (NE) level increased significantly. Urine concentration decreased in the cold, in the intact and similarly in the chronically denervated kidney. After return to a warm environment urine concentration improved in both kidneys while plasma NE remained elevated. The data speak against an essential role of the renal function to ambient cold. PMID- 7262283 TI - Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on iron absorption in the rat. AB - The in vivo administration of 59Fe to the rat accompanied by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) enhanced significantly counts in blood, spleen, liver and femur without affecting those of the intestine. The results suggest that ASA augments iron absorption either via an inhibitory action on the synthesis of prostaglandins or by a purely chemical mechanism. PMID- 7262282 TI - Effect of diet on osmotic water flow across rat colon mucosa. PMID- 7262284 TI - Methyleugenol as a surgical anesthetic in rodents. AB - The in vivo administration of 59Fe to the rat accompanied by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) enhanced significantly counts in blood, spleen, liver and femur without affecting those of the intestine. The results suggest that ASA augments iron absorption either via an inhibitory action on the synthesis of prostaglandins or by a purely chemical mechanism. PMID- 7262285 TI - Comparison of the responsiveness of isolated arteries and veins taken from the same dogs 17 days apart. AB - The present experiments demonstrate that isolated arteries and veins taken from the same dogs before and after an interval of 17 days show comparable responses to adrenergic nerve stimulation, exogenous norepinephrine and depolarizing solution. They provide an acceptable model for the in vitro study of chronic influences on canine vascular responsiveness. PMID- 7262286 TI - Stimulating effect of thromboxane B2 on isolated rat atria. PMID- 7262287 TI - Mechanism of reaction of carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene with DNA. PMID- 7262288 TI - The effect of bile salts on thyroxine 5'-monodeiodination in rat liver homogenate. PMID- 7262289 TI - Effects of duration of gonadectomy, sex and age on adrenal steroid 5alpha reductase activity in the rat. PMID- 7262290 TI - [Effect of vitamin B1 deficiency on xenobiotic hydroxylation and lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes]. PMID- 7262291 TI - [Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the rate of oxidative hydroxylation of ethylmorphine by liver microsomes of intact and vagotomized rats]. PMID- 7262292 TI - [Several indices of the functional state of the adrenals of white rats during a prescribed course of sulfadimezine and sulfamonomethoxine combined with UV irradiation]. AB - Chronic treatment with sulfadimesin or sulfamonomethoxin combined with UV irradiation leads to potentiation of adrenocortical function. As the observation period increases, the weight ratios of the adrenals grow which is accompanied by the decreased content of ascorbic acid in them and by the reduced weight ratios of the goiter and spleen. Combined chronic use of sulfanilamides and UV irradiation results in an increase of the total acetylating capacity of the body, especially in the day time. PMID- 7262293 TI - [Effect of the sympatholytic pirroxan on catecholamine excretion in experimental tetanus]. AB - Excretion of catecholamines and vanilylmandelic acid was studied in rabbits with tetanic intoxication. It was found that catecholamine excretion increases up to 173% in the initial stages of the disease and falls to 51% at the height of the disease whereas excretion of vanilylmandelic acid progressively decreases down to 40% against normal. Pirroxan (10 mg/kg a day) reduces excretion of catecholamines and vanilylmandelic acid by three times, concurrently producing a definite cholinolytic effect. PMID- 7262294 TI - [Comparative evaluation of chronic estrone toxicity when administered by different routes]. AB - The paper concerns the results of studying chronic toxicity of estrone injected subcutaneously in the form of oily solution and vaginal suppositoria prepared on the basis of vitepsol. It has been shown that subcutaneous administration of the drug for 2 months results in dystrophic alterations in the liver, these alterations being more pronounced than those induced by intravaginal administration of estrone in the form of suppositoria. PMID- 7262295 TI - [Comparative mydriatic effect of different groups of antidepressants]. AB - Study of 16 antidepressants, (imipramine, amitryptyline, doxepin, dibenzepin, maprotilin, mianserin, nomifensin, trazodon, caroxazon, adepren, viloxazin, nialamid, asaphen, pyrazidol, inkasan, ftoracizin) in experiments on white mice have shown that the drugs tested may be arranged in the following way as regards the intensity of the mydriatic effect they produce: ftoracizin, amitryptyline, doxepin, imipramine, dibenzepin. Pyrazidol produces a very weak and short-lived mydriatic effect. Adepren, inkasan, caroxazon, adepren produce no mydriatic action. PMID- 7262296 TI - [Effect of the orbitofrontal zone of the cat cerebral cortex on the resistance of the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus to ether]. AB - Acute experiments on cats have shown that with an increase of ether anesthesia, the supravisual nucleus of the hypothalamus deprived of the influence of the orbitofrontal zone of the cerebral cortex gets less resistant to ether than an analogous nucleus that retained the subordination influence of the cortex. The highest resistance is demonstrated by the orbitofrontal zone of the cortex under conditions of ether anesthesia. In the course of the animal's wake up from anesthesia-induced sleep there takes place a recovery of bioelectrical activity primarily of the orbitofrontal zone of the cortex followed by the recovery of the supravisual nucleus which is under the cortex effect and finally of the supravisual nucleus deprived of the subordination effects of the cortex. PMID- 7262298 TI - [Dynamics of phenazepam concentration in the blood of pregnant mini-swine]. PMID- 7262297 TI - [Mechanism of pantogam potentiation of certain effects of hexobarbital and sodium barbital and inhibition of phenamine hyperactivity]. AB - Experiments on albino mice and rats have shown that pantogam, a derivative of pantothenic acid, potentiates the hypnotic effects of hexobarbital and barbital and enhances the effect of subthreshold doses of hexobarbital. The drug inhibits the amphetamine action in the amphetamine hyperaction test without affecting hexobarbital and amphetamine metabolism, or without increasing the blood-brain barrier permeability for these compounds and barbital. Pantogam does not influence the intensity of ethylmorphine N-demethylation in liver homogenates and the content of cytochrome P 450 and b5 in liver microsomes. PMID- 7262299 TI - [Comparative characteristics of several types of premedication]. PMID- 7262300 TI - [Effect of acetylcholine and histamine on electrolyte and catecholamine content of vessel walls exposed to x-rays and cystamine]. AB - Experiments on adult rats have shown that a single rectal x-ray irradiation is accompanied by a decrease in the content of adrenaline, noradrenaline and potassium and by a increase in sodium and calcium concentration in vascular tissue. The degree of these shifts depends on the time elapsed after exposure to x-rays. X-Ray injury produces specific changes in the biochemical response of the vascular wall to different doses of acetylcholine and histamine during varying times of x-ray-induced pathology. Pretreatment (before irradiation) with radioprotectors (cistamine) lowers the damaging effect of radiation and promotes the normalization of the vascular tissue response to the administration of mediator agents. PMID- 7262301 TI - [Protection of myocardial mitochondria from penetration by calcium ions using isoquinoline and phenothiazine derivatives]. AB - It has been established that malonate-like action of isoquinoline derivatives (papaverine and nospan) on respiratory function of myocardial mitochondria leads to inhibition of the accumulation rate of Ca2+ by these organelles on the use of glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate as substrates. A greater inhibition of Ca2+ transport rate in the mitochondria is observed in the presence of glutamate. It has been validated theoretically that the decreased intensity of Ca2+ accumulation is aimed at protecting the mitochondria from irreversible lesions in ischemia. Nitroglycerin and sodium nitrite do not affect Ca2+ exchange in the mitochondria. PMID- 7262302 TI - [Nicotinamide coenzyme concentration in the myocardium of growing rats during alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade]. AB - The total content of oxidized (NAD+ plus NADP+) and reduced (NAD . H/ plus NADP . H2) forms of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotides was detected in the myocardium of 7, 30-day- and 3--5 month-old (adult) noninbred white rats exposed to the alpha adrenoblockers dibenamine and phentolamine (5 mg/kg) and to the beta adrenoblockers anaprilin and alfeprol (1 mg/kg). It was shown that the content of nicotinamide coenzymes in the myocardium of growing rats exposed to different adrenoblockers changes depending on neurohumoral regulation and metabolism of the heart muscle within each age period. PMID- 7262303 TI - [Effect of antihypertensive agents on indices of systemic hemodynamics and baroreceptors reflexes in man]. PMID- 7262304 TI - [Effect of regulating blood clotting with heparin and its antagonists on mast cells]. AB - The paper concerns the effect of heparin and its antagonists, protamine and 2,5 ionen, on mast cell population from the standpoint of its potential action on blood coagulation. It has been established that intravenous administration of heparin is accompanied by its deposition in mast cells, that gives rise to rapid excretion of the anticoagulant from the blood flow. It has been also shown that protamine sulfate and 2,5-ionen produce degranulation of mast cells, but the synthetic polycation is superior over protamine sulfate in binding heparin of extracellular granules. Retaining of the increased saturation of mast cells with heparin on neutralization of the anticoagulant effect with protamine forms a structural basis for the origination of recurrent heparinemia. Study of blood coagulation has shown that 2,5-ionen is a more efficacious heparin antagonist than protamine sulfate. PMID- 7262305 TI - [Effect of cholinergic preparations on leukocyte migration]. AB - Study into migration activity of leukocytes in vitro allowed a conclusion that the inhibitors of cholinesterase, armin, takrin and galanthamine, decrease this function. Low doses of atropine stimulate whereas high ones inhibit the migration of leukocytes. Atropine and armin act like antagonists as regards the action on the biological parameter in question: an adverse action of armin can be prevented by atropine. PMID- 7262306 TI - [Anti-ulcer effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid and its mechanisms of action]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on white rats with chronic gastric ulcer induced according to the method of Takashi and coworkers that intramuscular administration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) exerts a pronounced antiulcerous effect. As compared with ganglerone, GABA reduces the content of free physiologically active histamine in the gastric mucosa to a far greater extent. The relationship has been disclosed between the therapeutic effect of GABA and the decreased content of histamine in the gastric mucosa. PMID- 7262307 TI - [Pharmacologic analysis of the mechanism of development of serotonin diarrhea in the mouse]. AB - Diarrhea that arises in mice given serotonin intravenously is not suppressed by tipindolol, LSD-25, ciproheptadine in doses in which these drugs block the D and T serotonin-reactive structures, or is not reduced by hexonium, thereby providing no evidence in favour of the reflex nature of the effect. Diarrhea is suppressed by morphine and atropine, thus pointing to the responsibility for its origin of M serotoninoreactive structures of intestinal parasympathetic ganglia with subsequent involvement of the postganglionic cholinergic link. PMID- 7262309 TI - Interaction between latent papovavirus genomes and the tumor promoter TPA. PMID- 7262308 TI - [Age and the effects of barbiturates on rat liver microsome oxidative enzymes]. AB - It was shown in experiments on male white rats aged 1, 3, 6 and 25 months that the content of cytochrome P 450 and aminopyrindemethylase activity of liver microsomes decrease in old animals as compared with younger ones. No age associated differences were revealed in old rats as compared with adult ones as regards all the parameters studied. During administration of barbiturates the induction of aminopyrindemethylase, the content of cytochromes P 450 and b5, microsomal protein and liver weight is pronounced to a far greater extent in one month-old animals, it being decreased with age. Changes in the duration of narcotic-induced sleep (administration of barbiturates) set in earlier and are more pronounced in young animals than in adult or old ones. PMID- 7262310 TI - Acetylation of histone H4 in chicken erythrocyte and cuttle-fish testis chromatin. PMID- 7262311 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of the coenzyme A ester of o-succinylbenzoic acid, an intermediate in menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis. PMID- 7262312 TI - Glycolipid formation in Volvox carteri f. nagariensis: effects of tunicamycin and showdomycin. PMID- 7262313 TI - Porcine pancreatic procolipase and its trypsin-activated form: lipid binding and lipase activation on monomolecular films. PMID- 7262314 TI - Comparative patterns of 'in vitro' oxidative hemolysis of normal and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient erythrocytes. PMID- 7262315 TI - Effects of adrenalectomy and cortisol treatment on dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase activity in rat liver. PMID- 7262316 TI - Differential distribution of tropomyosin subunits in fast and slow rat muscles and its change in long-term denervated hemidiaphragm. PMID- 7262317 TI - The photochemical quantum yield of bacteriorhodopsin is pH independent: a photoacoustic study. PMID- 7262318 TI - Effect of Triton X-100 and of deuteration on the amplitude of the O640 intermediate in the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle. PMID- 7262319 TI - Restricted lateral diffusion of surface membrane components in Tetrahymena thermophila. PMID- 7262320 TI - Is the receptor-mediated endocytosis of cholera toxin A pre-requisite for its activation of adenylate cyclase in intact rat hepatocytes? PMID- 7262321 TI - Inactivation of gamma-cystathionase by gamma-fluorinated amino acids. PMID- 7262322 TI - 3'-terminal nucleotide sequence of Crithidia fasciculata small ribosomal subunit RNA. PMID- 7262323 TI - A comparative study of mammalian neurophysin protein sequences. PMID- 7262324 TI - Isoenzymes of rabbit slow myosin. PMID- 7262325 TI - Thiobarbituric acid-reactivity following iron-dependent free-radical damage to amino acids and carbohydrates. PMID- 7262326 TI - The glutamate dehydrogenase system and the redox state of mitochondrial free nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in myocardium. PMID- 7262327 TI - The mechanism of the increase in renal ammoniagenesis in the rat with acute metabolic acidosis. PMID- 7262328 TI - Simple epithelia: fragments, cell vesicles. PMID- 7262329 TI - Equivalent electrical circuit models and the study of Na transport across epithelia: nonsteady-state current-voltage relations. AB - After successfully impaling an absorptive cell of rabbit colonic epithelium with a microelectrode, "instantaneous" transepithelial current-voltage relations were determined under control conditions and in the presence of a maximally effective dose of amiloride. The results are interpreted using a very general equivalent electrical circuit model that admits the presence of an apical membrane conductance(s) to an ion(s) other than Na as well as the possibility of an incomplete action of amiloride on the Na entry step. The derived relation between the instantaneous Na current across that barrier conforms closely to the predictions of a simple, charged carrier model. The "reversal potential" of 64 mV is consistent with an intracellular Na activity of 11 nM. Finally, some of the implications of these findings are discussed with respect to 1) the applicability of linear models of active transepithelial Na transport, and 2) the experimental determinations and meanings of the "overall electromotive force" (ENa) and the "overall resistance" (RNa) of active Na transport. PMID- 7262331 TI - Analysis of Ca2+ fluxes and their relation to enzyme secretion in dispersed pancreatic acinar cells. PMID- 7262330 TI - Kinetic criteria for carrier-mediated transport mechanisms in membrane vesicles. PMID- 7262332 TI - Energy source for secretion in gastric glands. PMID- 7262333 TI - Metabolic modes indicative of carbohydrate status in the dairy cow. AB - Three modes of metabolism, indicative of differing levels of carbohydrate sufficiency, can be identified in nonpregnant dairy cows. The metabolic parameters defining these modes include: the hepatic content of glycogen and glucogenic metabolites; the in vivo net exchange of glucose and propionate across the liver, and of lactate and pyruvate across the liver and gut; and the concentration of insulin in the blood, and the secretion rate of insulin. In descending order of carbohydrate sufficiency, the three modes are; mode I, seen in fed nonlactating cows; mode 2, seen in fed lactating cows; and mode 3, seen in fasted or ketotic cows. The modes are interconvertible, because fasting will transform modes 1 or 2 into mode 3, while administration of either glucose, propionate, or glucocorticoid will, on the basis of at least one index, transform modes 2 or 3 into mode 1. It is concluded that a) carbohydrate sufficiency is jeopardized in lactating cows, and b) one reason for the therapeutic efficacy of antiketogenic agents used in the treatment of bovine ketosis is the ability of these compounds to increase carbohydrate sufficiency. PMID- 7262334 TI - Four years of experience with the TCu 380A intrauterine contraceptive device. AB - A study of the United States acceptors of the Copper T, model TCu 380A, initiated in 1972, was carried to the completion of 4 years of observation. The 1051 receptors, whose median age was 22.3 years, accumulated a total of 1927 years of use. At the end of 4 years, the cumulative net pregnancy rate was 1.9 per 100 women, and the gross rate was 2.8 per 100. The annual continuation rate over the 4-year interval averaged 77 per 100. The TCu 380A intrauterine device (IUD) has provided extremely effective and undiminishing protection against pregnancy through 4 years of use in a group of young women. This degree of protection has not as yet been equaled when randomized comparative trials have been carried out with other copper-bearing IUDs. PMID- 7262335 TI - Endocrine profiles and fertility status of human menstrual cycles of varying follicular phase length. AB - Assessment of the relationship between ovarian endocrine function and follicular phase length was made in 48 patients (51 cycles) with spontaneous ovular cycles of varying length. On the basis of follicular phase length when measured from the first day of menstruation to, and including, the day of the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak, cycles were grouped into short (less than 21 days), medium (12 to 16 days), and long (more than 6 days). Daily serum LH, androstenedione, 17 beta estradiol, progesterone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were determined in the periovular period. The overall pattern of serum steroid concentrations in medium and long cycles was similar to that previously described for normal women. However, cycles with a short follicular phase had lower mean concentrations of androstenedione and estradiol. In order to assess the fertility potential of cycles with follicular phases of varying length, the prior 265 cycles of 92 consecutive patients who conceived with artificial insemination by donor (AID) were studied. In all cases, insemination occurred on day 0 and day + 1 with respect to the LH peak, and all cycles were assumed to have equal fertility potential. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in fertility potential among cycles with follicular phases of differing length. PMID- 7262336 TI - Evaluation of male infertility with an in vitro cervical mucus penetration test. AB - The use of an in vitro bovine cervical mucus penetration test (CMPT) provides unique data for fertility assessment. Flat capillary tubes were filled, kept frozen until use, exposed to a subsample of semen for 90 minutes, and microscopically evaluated. Adequate penetration was based on results of semen specimens from donors used for artificial insemination. of 161 patients being evaluated for infertility, 37% had semen that penetrated the CMPT inadequately. Of the patients with inadequate penetration, 70% had sperm densities of greater than 21 x 10(6)/ml, and 62% had over 50% motility. Thus neither evaluation of count nor motility provided the same information as the CMPT. Human spermatozoa had a similar swimming pattern in human and bovine mucus. Spermatozoa that exhibited poor in vitro penetration of human mucus also failed to penetrate bovine mucus. Comparison of the CMPT with postcoital tests of 42 couples revealed a good correlation. When the incidence of pregnancy for individuals with adequate and inadequate penetration was compared, more individuals with a good CMPT caused a pregnancy. It appears that the CMPT, an easy office test, allows greater discrimination of sperm function than semen analysis alone and is a useful tool for the diagnosis and management of infertility. PMID- 7262337 TI - Improved separation of motile sperm in asthenospermia and its application to artificial insemination homologous (AIH). AB - A method is described for the separation of motile sperm from semen by "migration' into a diluent, providing a large area of interface between the semen and the diluent and resulting in a good yield of motile sperm (58%), with a mean percentage of motility of 95%. The method provides a specimen free of seminal plasma and debris and suitable for intrauterine insemination in less than two hours. The motile fraction was used for AIH treatment of 20 couples with a mean of 4 years' infertility, where the female factor had been excluded and the male was asthenospermic. After a mean of six cycles, three pregnancies were achieved. Improvement of the percentage of motility alone did not, in this study, give a significant improvement in conception rates when compared with accepted cycles with the placebo. PMID- 7262338 TI - Humoral sperm antibodies: a 10-year follow-up of vas-ligated men. AB - Fourteen men were studied over a period of 10 years before and after bilateral was ligation. Seven men (50%) continued to have demonstrable circulating sperm agglutinating antibodies, and one man had persistent sperm-immobilizing antibodies at a low titer of 1:2. None of the 10 ejaculates submitted contained spermatozoa or antibody activity, although two of the seminal plasma specimens immediately immobilized donor spermatozoa upon contact. There were no adverse medical reactions or conditions noted in these men during the course of the study. PMID- 7262339 TI - Noninvasive method of semen collection for successful artificial insemination in a case of retrograde ejaculation. PMID- 7262340 TI - Microsurgical transplantation of nonvascularized segments of the fallopian tube in the rabbit. AB - Microsurgical nonvascularized transplantation of a 1-cm segment of fallopian tube was performed using the rabbit as a model. Autograft experiments showed survival of a 1-cm tubal segment for as long as 10 months postoperatively. Allografts survived equally as well, and one rabbit became pregnant. PMID- 7262342 TI - Microsurgery for treatment of adnexal disease. PMID- 7262341 TI - The effect of temperature on sperm motility and viability. PMID- 7262343 TI - Microsurgery for treatment of adnexal disease. PMID- 7262345 TI - [Blood system as the basis of the body's resistance and adaptation]. PMID- 7262344 TI - [Doctrine of cellular reactivity and modern advances in neurophysiology]. PMID- 7262346 TI - [Switching of hormone metabolic pathways as a factor in regulation]. PMID- 7262347 TI - [Aging and disease]. PMID- 7262348 TI - [Respiratory system, hypoxia, and age]. PMID- 7262349 TI - [Effect of hypertension on the development of atherosclerosis in animals of different ages]. PMID- 7262350 TI - [Human atherosclerosis and hypoxic states]. PMID- 7262351 TI - Partial trisomy (including T-t gene complex) of the chromosome 17 of the mouse. The effect on male fertility and the transmission to progeny. AB - The animals with partial trisomy of chromosome 17, Ts(17A1-17B) 43H, were recovered among progeny of females heterozygous for T(16;17)43H "male-sterile" translocation. The trisomics as well as Rb7Bnr/T43H hybrids of both sexes were fertile, although the male fertility was significantly reduced in comparison with T43H/T43H homozygotes and males without chromosomal rearrangements. Ts43H trisomy acts as a semilethal aneuploidy since a significant deficiency of Ts43H animals was observed in progeny of Ts43H parent, while the expected proportion of trisomic embryos was found up to the 18th day of embryonic development. PMID- 7262352 TI - Comparison of different methods for separation of human, mouse and rat macrophages and lymphocytes. AB - This paper gives a comparison of the following methods used for separating mouse or rat spleen peritoneal cells, and mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood: adherence to glass wool, repeated adherence to polystyrene, adherence to polystyrene with subsequent detachment of adherent cells by scraping, or by lidocaine or dispase treatment, adherence to polystyrene coated with foetal calf serum; and subsequent release of adherent cells by means of EDTA, adherence to Sephadex G-10 columns, phagocytosis of carbonyl nickel and subsequent separation on the Ficoll-Verografin mixture, or phagocytosis of silica particles. The techniques in italics seem most suitable for routine use. PMID- 7262353 TI - Localization of androgen receptors in mouse thymus. AB - Androgen receptors were found both in cytosol prepared from intact thymuses of the adult castrated B10. A male and in cytosol from thymuses of the castrated males that had been previously given whole-body irradiation with 6.0 Gy (60Co). Histologically, these thymuses were represented by the reticuloepithelial component, no lymphocytes were found in the cortex and small numbers of lymphocytes remained in the medulla. The 3H-dihydrotestosterone-receptor complex sedimented in the 4S region, as revealed by the 5-20% sucrose gradient centrifugation in buffer containing 0.4 M KC1. Free androgen and non-specifically bound androgen were removed by specific antibody coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose-4B. PMID- 7262354 TI - The activity of the Nucleus preopticus during limb regeneration in adult newts, Triturus vulgaris. PMID- 7262355 TI - Karyological studies of Bembidiinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae). I. Chromosome number and sex-determining system in six species of the genus Bembidion Latr. PMID- 7262356 TI - Further observations on the induction of antler growth in red deer females. PMID- 7262357 TI - Species of the Paramecium aurelia complex in northern Poland. PMID- 7262358 TI - Sex-dependent differences in rat urinary peptide excretion. Disc-electrophoretic studies. PMID- 7262359 TI - The ultrastructure of spermatogonia in Hanseniella nivea (Symphyla, Myriapoda). PMID- 7262360 TI - Gut-associated lymphoid tissue in several amphibian species. PMID- 7262361 TI - Confidentiality and patients' rights. PMID- 7262362 TI - Appropriate treatment of fibromyositis. PMID- 7262363 TI - Cystic fibrosis: a case report from the Wilmington Medical Center Genetics Clinic. PMID- 7262364 TI - Ovarian cancer at Kent General Hospital during the years 1975-1979. PMID- 7262365 TI - The view box. Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. PMID- 7262366 TI - Melanomas: current concepts and diagnostic criteria. PMID- 7262367 TI - Intention and uncertainty at later stages of childbearing: the United States 1965 and 1970. AB - While births may be dichotomous, fertility intentions are not inherently so. Intentions are predictions about the future and, as such, are couched in considerable uncertainty. Ignoring this uncertainty hides much of what could be learned from data on fertility intentions. This paper presents a model which allows analysis of the full range of intentions. This paper presents a model which allows analysis of the full range of intentions. After selecting a sample of women in the later stage of childbearing (e.g., those who intend fewer than two additional children) from the 1965 and 1970 National Fertility Studies, it is shown that: (1) substantial portions of women at this stage of the reproductive life cycle were indeed uncertain of their parity-specific intention; (2) this certainty, like more firm intentions, varies by age and parity as the model predicts; and (3) there were significant shifts in the level of certainty between 1965 and 1970. Specifically, while intentions for third, fourth, and fifth births declined, more women "didn't know" if they intended to have another child or not. Among those not intending another child, more seemed uncertain of this intention in 1970 than did comparable women in 1965. In contrast, those intending another child seemed more certain. These changes in intention and uncertainty indicate that the observed decline in intended parity was tentative. Post-1970 evidence suggests that this tentative decline has become an equivocal one. PMID- 7262368 TI - The determinants of breast-feeding in Sri Lanka. AB - Breast-feeding is the focus of rapidly growing interest. Research on the determinants of breast-feeding is only beginning. The research in this paper is based on World Fertility Survey data for Sri Lanka. We develop what we believe to be an appropriate probit model and find that there are significant socioeconomic factors that influence breast-feeding, in addition to the demographic factors focused upon in the literature. Moreover, some of them have clear policy implications, which are elaborated herein with respect to labor force, education, family planning and internal migration policies. In the course of the paper we also address a number of generally neglected statistical issues that should be considered in analyzing the determinants of breast-feeding, including problems resulting from digit preference or age heaping, the need to use dichotomous dependent variables, unavoidable truncation biases in the basic data, and structural shifts in the determinants of breast-feeding at different durations. PMID- 7262369 TI - Negativism, equivocation, and wobbly assent: public "support" for the prochoice platform on abortion. AB - Although disapproval of all justifications for abortion is rare in the United States, our analysis of numerous surveys taken in the 1960s and 1970s shows that support for the full prochoice platform is also rare. This means that respondents who endorse some justifications for abortion and reject others typically constitute about 50 percent of these samples. If forced to choose politically between polar positions, would these people be more likely to side with a positive or a negative extreme? Using Multiple Classification Analysis as a form of discriminant analysis, we examine whether people who appear to form a "middle" group actually are closer in their characteristics to those who are positive, or to those who are negative. Finally, we test to see whether those respondents who endorse all four justifications for abortion (health, child defect, financial stress, and elective abortion) also endorse additional prochoice positions, such as government payments for abortion, abortion without the husband's or the parent's consent, and abortion after the first trimester. PMID- 7262370 TI - Postwar trends in family size. AB - Recognizing that postwar trends in family size derive both from changes in the living arrangements of adults and from changes in the presence of children, this paper develops annual estimates of mean family size, mean members less than 18, and mean members 18 and older by race, by family type, and by age of head. Group differences in the course and source of changes in family size are evident as anticipated on the basis of group differences in family structure, economic resources and life cycle stage. PMID- 7262371 TI - Sex differences in remarriage and spouse selection. AB - This paper explores on an international basis the incidence of remarriage among total marriages, the levels and differences in remarriage rates among widowed and divorced males and females, and differences between males and females in spouse selection according to the previous marital statuses of spouse and bride or groom. Remarriage rates by sex and previous marital status are estimated using vital registration data in combination with census information; there are 47 countries that have such data. The results of the analyses indicate that there are a number of general patterns of remarriage and spouse selection that tend to hold across countries. PMID- 7262372 TI - A note on racial differences in the effect of female economic opportunity on marriage rates. AB - The previously observed aggregate relationship between marriage rates and female work opportunities is not found among black Americans. Alternative definitions of family formation which take illegitimacy into consideration are explored and also found to be unrelated to black females' economic opportunities. Although some of the difference may be attributed to measurement error, the significant disparity between the two populations probably reflects substantive differences. PMID- 7262373 TI - A dynamic analysis of migration: an assessment of the effects of age, family and career variables. AB - This paper examines the utility of viewing migration in the context of work careers and family life cycles. We do this by studying migration as a discrete state, continuous time process. We find that the inverse relationship between age and migration is due almost completely to the effects of family life cycle and work career variables. Further, we find that job- or location-specific resources, prestige and wage deter migration. PMID- 7262374 TI - Long-term trends in migratory behavior in a developing country: the case of Mexico. AB - Comparable lifetime migration relationships are estimated for Mexico for 1950, 1960, and 1970. Moreover, migration flows from each state to every other state are separately examined for each year. A number of significant changes over time are evident in the responsiveness of Mexican internal migrants to various socioeconomic stimuli, and appreciable differences are also evident across space. Moreover, a threshold is observed such that up to about 340 miles higher origin earnings deter migration, but beyond this distance higher earnings actually encourage migration. PMID- 7262375 TI - Methods for comparing the mortality experience of heterogeneous populations. AB - Methods are presented which produce Maximum Likelihood Estimates (MLE) of the degree of heterogeneity in individual mortality risks under a variety of assumptions about the age trajectory of those mortality risks. With these estimates of the degree of population heterogeneity it is possible to adjust comparisons of mortality risks across populations for the effects of population heterogeneity, differential mortality selection, and different age trajectories of the force of mortality. These methods are demonstrated by applying a variety of standard assumptions about the age trajectory of the force of mortality to the analysis of a broad range of cohort mortality data for the U.S. and Swedish populations. The estimates of the degree of heterogeneity, produced under all of the selected force of mortality models, consistently indicated a considerable degree of heterogeneity in mortality risks. PMID- 7262376 TI - A note on the changing geography of cancer mortality within metropolitan regions of the United States. AB - An investigation made of the geography of cancer mortality rates within the most populous metropolitan regions of the United States and the New Jersey-New York Philadelphia metropolitan corridor shows that during the early 1950s, as expected, central city counties has substantially higher cancer mortality rates, especially respiratory and digestive, than did suburbs. Two decades later, differences between the central cities and the suburbs had narrowed and sometimes disappeared. PMID- 7262377 TI - [Selected ultraviolet phototherapy (SUP) of psoriasis vulgaris using fluorescent bulbs. I. Results of a therapeutical trial (author's transl)]. PMID- 7262378 TI - [Quantitative investigations of the pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (PAG) in malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7262379 TI - [A contribution to the problems of dermatophytosis provoced by Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (author's transl)]. PMID- 7262380 TI - [Retinoid therapy and phototherapy of psoriasis (author's transl)]. AB - 26 patients with generalized psoriasis were treated with oral Retinoid (Ro 10 9359; 50-150 mg/day) and radiations (2-5 times per week) with two different light sources emitting UVA and UVB. In 22 patients, remission was seen with only few remaining lesions at the predilection sites within 35 days. There was no obvious difference in the effect of the two light sources. 17 patients remained free from lesions for several months under a low-dose treatment with Ro 10-9359 and 2-8 radiations per month. The side effects of this treatment were negligible. This therapy is especially suited for outdoor patients with generalized psoriasis. PMID- 7262381 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda in three brothers and one sister. PMID- 7262382 TI - Focal epithelial hyperplasia. The first reported case from Greece. AB - A typical case of focal epithelial hyperplasia in a 56-year-old white female is reported. It is the first case described among the Greek population. Approximately 60 discrete and clustered papules were seen on the patient's lower lip, commissures and buccal mucosa. No evidence of the disease was found in any member of the patient's family. 4 months after the diagnosis, the lesions showed considerable regression. PMID- 7262383 TI - Dermatophytic flora of Ankara (Turkey). AB - During the period July 1, 1976, to December 31, 1978, 1,227 dermatophytes were isolated from 2,702 specimens taken from suspected cases of dermatophytosis. The dermatophytic flora was found to consist mainly of anthropophilic species. Trichophyton rubrum was by far the most frequently isolated species. Tinea capitis was caused in 36.1% of all cases by Trichophyton verrucosum, in 13.9% by Microsporum canis and Trichophyton violaceum, in 11.1% by Trichophyton schoenleinii and Trichophyton granulosum, in 5.5% by Microsporum audouinii and in 2.8% by Trichophyton sulfureum and Trichophyton tonsurans and Microsporum gypseum. Athlete's foot was caused in the ratio 1:5.3:16.7 by Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton interdigitale and T. rubrum. PMID- 7262384 TI - [Eruptive generalized syringomas, milium and atrophoderma vermiculata. Nicolau and Balus' syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - It appears justified to isolate under the term syndrome of Nicolau and Balus', a group of deformities that include eruptive syringomas of the disseminated micropapular type, milium cysts and atrophoderma vermiculata. We present here a highly typical observation of an 11-year-old child whose mother also presented with eruptive syringomas. This syndrome accentuates the semiological value of disseminated syringomas and atrophoderma vermiculata, which often occur in the context of a complex syndrome. In addition, an associated elastopathy was discovered by light- and electron-microscopic observations. PMID- 7262386 TI - [Microsporous infection of the scalp in an adult (author's transl)]. AB - Infection of the scalp in an elderly woman due to Microsporum canis (zoophilic, long-lived fungus) after repeated direct contact with infected cats. We think that the infection could occur because of an age-induced decrease in some of the organic functions which govern the healing process of microsporous infections during puberty. PMID- 7262385 TI - Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type IIb. Report of a case. AB - Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type IIb, is a rare syndrome characterized by mucosal neuromas, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma and somatic abnormalities. A case of a 10-year-old girl with multiple mucosal neuromas and bilateral MTC is reported. The presumptive diagnosis of MTC was made on the basis of abnormal basal values of calcitonin and increased calcitonin secretion after pentagastrin injection. The manifestations of the syndrome are summarized, and the importance of repeated evaluation of thyroidal C-cell and adrenal medullary function in patients with the characteristic aspect of the syndrome is emphasized. PMID- 7262387 TI - Vitiligo: an early heralding sign of colonic adenocarcinoma in the elderly? PMID- 7262388 TI - Current concepts in diagnosis and treatment of vitreoretinal diseases 12th meeting of the Club Jules Gonin, Crans-Montana, March 17-21, 1980. PMID- 7262389 TI - The vitreous of the baby owl monkey. A model for rapid and complete gel liquefaction. AB - The vitreous body of the baby owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) exists as a highly elastic gel composed of a collagen-like network. The owl monkey vitreous liquefies completely within the first 2 years of the Aotus life, corresponding to a human age of 8-10 years. Thus, Aotus provides the only known primate model for the rapid and complete liquefaction of the vitreous gel at an early age, the understanding of which may be of future relevance for clinical induction of therapeutic vitreous liquefaction. PMID- 7262390 TI - Treatment of bilateral choroidal malignant melanoma. AB - A history is presented of a 40-year-old male patient suffering from bilateral choroidal melanoma. Both eyes were treated with 106Ru/106Rh beta-irradiation. 2 years later one eye was enucleated because of radiogenic central vein thrombosis with secondary glaucoma. Histologically the tumor cells showed radiogenic damages and there were no signs of a new tumor growth. The other eye, however, is still functioning 6 years later with a visual acuity of 1.0. PMID- 7262391 TI - Variations of vitelliform macular degeneration. AB - In this study, 33 patients with proven vitelliform macular degeneration were examined. 3 of the 33 (9%) had multiple extrafoveal lesions rather than the typical macular changes. In addition, hyperopia of more than 3 dptr was present in 44% of patients and the condition was noted to produce vision of less than 20/50 in one eye in 40% of cases, indicating that vitelliform patients often are not legally blind. PMID- 7262392 TI - Psychophysical analysis of visual function in retinitis pigmentosa. A new clinical flicker test. PMID- 7262393 TI - Rhodopsin measurement in human disease: fundus reflectometry using television. PMID- 7262394 TI - Vitrectomy, a critical perspective. PMID- 7262396 TI - Vitreous surgery viewed through an endoscope. PMID- 7262395 TI - Vitreous surgery as a supplement to anterior segment surgery. AB - Selected vitreous surgery techniques can provide effective and safe means of supplementing anterior segment surgery for correction or avoidance of many problems. In my experience, the guillotine or piston action vitrectomy instruments are more effective and safer than those which have a rotating or oscillating action. Pars plana vitreous surgery has added a new dimension to anterior segment surgery. There is reason to hope that the future will bring further refinements of instrumentation and surgical technique and more precise knowledge of the indications and limitations of this type of surgery. PMID- 7262397 TI - Phakectomy with shallow anterior vitrectomy in congenital and juvenile cataracts. AB - Longer follow-up studies available to date on the phakectomy technique combined with a planned shallow anterior vitrectomy for the removal of congenital or juvenile cataract reveal the method to be justified. The morbidity of multiple reoperations for residual after-cataract membrane has been significantly reduced (6 of 163 eyes or 3.6%). Only two retinal detachments (1.2%) have occurred; both were successfully attached. The visual status has been improved both quantitatively (visual acuity) and most importantly qualitatively (brighter images, wider field of view, and enhanced vision under poorly lighted conditions). No eyes have been made worse. PMID- 7262398 TI - Intravitreal behavior of perfluorocarbons. PMID- 7262399 TI - Surgery of epiretinal membranes. AB - Vitreous surgery techniques can be used to remove epiretinal tissue associated with various ocular conditions when this tissue is covering or distorting the macula and causing visual loss. The surgical technique and results of the operation are similar in cases with various basic causes. The postoperative visual acuity usually ranges between 20/30 and 20/100, and therefore cases are selected for surgery in which the preoperative vision is 20/100 or less. Thick membranes are easiest to remove, perhaps because the tissue can be readily engaged by a vitreoretinal pick and the membrane does not tend to shred when traction is applied. Large amounts of epiretinal tissue rarely recur after surgical removal, and this technique permits partial visual improvement in many eyes with macular involvement by epiretinal membranes. PMID- 7262400 TI - Use of liquid silicone in vitrectomised eyes. PMID- 7262402 TI - Retinal surgery under the microscope. AB - In the case of small breaks, the operating microscope and slitlamp are of great help in retina detachment surgery. The use of an adequate peripheral fundus contact lens is necessary. The technique to be followed is described and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed. PMID- 7262401 TI - Newest developments in vitreous surgery. PMID- 7262403 TI - Microsurgery of retinal detachment (vitreous surgery excluded) advantages, disadvantages, limitations, results. PMID- 7262404 TI - Vitreous fluorophotometry studies in diabetes. PMID- 7262405 TI - Value of electroretinography and dark adaptation as prognostic tools in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7262406 TI - Results of silicone oil injection into the vitreous. AB - The long-therm follow-up of eyes after injection of silicone oil into the vitreous is reported.l The clinical findings, the results of the subjective examination of the retinal function as well as the ERG and the histological findings of the meanwhile enucleated eyes are very discouraging. PMID- 7262407 TI - The diabetic maculopathies. PMID- 7262408 TI - Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: relationship of adverse treatment effects to retinopathy severity. Diabetic retinopathy study report no. 5. AB - Xenon are photocoagulation, as carried out in the DRS, is attended by an increased risk of serious macular damage secondary to vitreoretinal traction. This risk is of particular importance in eyes with severe fibrous proliferations and/or localized traction retinal detachment. Little evidence was found of such an effect following argon laser photocoagulation, although some, mostly less serious, visual acuity decreases were attributable to this treatment as well. After 4 years of follow-up, the beneficial effect of xenon photocoagulation in reducing the risk of severe visual loss outweighed its harmful effect, even in eyes with severe fibrous proliferations and/or traction retinal detachment. A beneficial effect of approximately equal magnitude was present in the argon group. PMID- 7262409 TI - Long-term results of proliferative diabetic retinopathy treated with photocoagulation. PMID- 7262410 TI - Effect of trans pars plana surgery on the corneal endothelium. AB - Endothelial cell density and thickness of the cornea do not appear to be affected by long-standing diabetes mellitus. Standard intra- or extracapsular cataract surgery results in a statistically significant reduction of endothelial cell density, but not in a long-term change of corneal thickness. Endothelial cell loss after trans pars plana surgery averages 8.5%. Differences in endothelial cell loss between phakic eyes of diabetics and phakic and aphakic eyes of nondiabetics subjected to lens removal and/or vitrectomy are not statistically significant. Corneal thickness is increased to a statistically significant degree in all eyes after trans pars plana surgery. Although the cornea in diabetics requires more time to recover after trans pars plana surgery, we found no evidence that it suffers significantly more damage than the cornea in nondiabetics. PMID- 7262411 TI - Iris fluorescein angiography. PMID- 7262412 TI - Late results of initially-successfully vitrectomy in diabetes. AB - Long-term follow-up of 135 eyes that had initially-successful vitreous surgery for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy indicates that most of these eyes remain visually and anatomically stable and do not develop new retinal neovascularization. The nature and incidence of important complications during the early and later postoperative periods are discussed. PMID- 7262414 TI - Morphologic features of the possible weakening of the cryosurgical adhesion (a summary). PMID- 7262413 TI - Histopathologic evaluation of adhesive properties of early lesions in diathermy and cryopexy. AB - We examined the histopathologic appearance of both cryopexy and diathermy lesions, 10-60 min after application in the rabbit retina. Both lesions showed immediate subretinal exudation. Thus, we could not substantiate the speculation that a diathermy lesion might have greater immediate adhesive strength than a cryotherapy lesion. This explains the clinical experience that retina tends to slip with either modality when trying to treat giant retinal tears. PMID- 7262415 TI - Comparison between cryoapplication and argon laser coagulation. PMID- 7262416 TI - Interactions between sensory cells, glial cells and the retinal pigment epithelium and their response to photocoagulation. PMID- 7262417 TI - Long-term changes in photocoagulation burns. AB - 101 argon laser and xenon arc photocoagulation burns were studied clinically and histopathologically in 8 diabetics patients treated for PDR. The age of the lesions ranged between 4 and 70 months. Our observations confirmed long-term patterns of retinal pair observed previously only in animals. Moderately severe burns, when placed in the thick paracentral retina, at times resulted in differentiated retinal repair not associated with new retinal adhesions. Severe burns created full thickness retinal defects, but spared the inner limiting membrane and allowed formation of apparently firm new retinal adhesions. These burns are considered as most suitable for the scatter treatment of PDR. Very severe burns exhausted the retinal capacity for glial repair so that the RPE became the only resource of retinal reparative tissue. In such scars the RPE bordered the vitreoretinal juncture yet did not invade the vitreous. However, glial preretinal membranes were frequently seen over very severe burns exerting tangential retinal traction. PMID- 7262418 TI - Mechanisms in traction retinal detachment. AB - We have developed a reproducible model of traction retinal detachment in the rhesus monkey secondary to a penetrating eye injury. The model is characterized histologically by intravitreal fibroblastic proliferation and by epiretinal and by retroretinal membranes. Cells proliferating within the vitreous and in the epiretinal membranes have the ultrastructural characteristics of myofibroblasts. The presence of these contractile cells suggests that vitreous traction and the contraction of epiretinal membranes may be cell mediated. Our findings suggest that the pathophysiology of traction retinal detachment has many features in common with the normal process of wound healing and in particular with the mechanisms responsible for wound contraction and cicatrization. PMID- 7262419 TI - New aspects on collagen. PMID- 7262420 TI - Slit lamp fundus microscopy without contact lens for vitrectomy. PMID- 7262421 TI - Pathology of the basal lamina at the peripheral vitreoretinal junction. PMID- 7262422 TI - Relationship of cystic retinal tufts to retinal detachment. AB - The histologic and gross pathologic features of cystic retinal tufts are reviewed, and the clinical characteristics of this lesion described. A survey of 200 retinal detachments revealed that cystic retinal tuft was the precipitating lesion for the detachment in from 6.5 to 10% of cases. Since the prevalence of cystic retinal tuft is 5%, the risk of such a lesion leading to retinal detachment was computed to be from 0.18 to 0.28%, and for this reason prophylactic treatment of cystic retinal tufts is not advised. PMID- 7262423 TI - Formation of basement membranes and collagenous fibrils in peripheral cystoid degeneration and retinoschisis. PMID- 7262424 TI - Intraretinal collagen formation in lattice degeneration. PMID- 7262425 TI - Collagen formation by periretinal cellular membranes. AB - In eyes with experimental retinal detachment, pigment epithelial cells and glial cells may form membranes on all available surfaces. In the subretinal space -- where normally no vitreous collagen is found -- variable amounts of collagen were detected in the intercellular space of these membranes. It is therefore concluded that retinal pigment epithelial cells and retinal glial cells are both capable of producing collagen. The type of collagen produced is indistinguishable from vitreous collagen. PMID- 7262426 TI - Congenital retinoschisis. PMID- 7262427 TI - Subinternal limiting lamina hemorrhages associated with sudden vascular pressure rise: yellow preretinal hemorrhages. AB - A group of patients with subinternal limiting lamina hemorrhages associated with the Valsalva maneuver have been described. A majority of the patients have shown a striking yellowish coloration to the globular preretinal lesions during their evolution. This unique coloration is probably due to the accumulation of bilirubin during hemoglobin disintegration. Visual prognosis is usually excellent and no retinal or vascular abnormalities have been found after the hemorrhage disappears. The unusual fundus picture presented by this lesion may pose diagnostic problems if the patient is initially seen when this yellow mass is present. PMID- 7262428 TI - Drainage of subretinal fluid. PMID- 7262430 TI - Color vision and other parameters of macular function after retinal reattachment. AB - Patients with a preoperatively detached macula and operated upon between October 1976 and July 1978 were analyzed for three parameters of macular function after surgical repair. Reattachment was achieved by cryopexy, an external sponge plombage and nondrainage. The observation period was a minimum of 1 year. Visual acuity increased in all patients with a maximum improvement in the first 3 months after macular reattachment. Color vision was postoperatively defective in every second patient. In the majority of cases it was a trito disturbance. The disturbance in color vision was most prominent in patients over 60 years old. During the period of 1 year, normalization of color vision occurred for the most part only in patients under 60 years of age. Metamorphopsia proved to be the most sensitive indicator of an episode of previous macular detachment. It occurred in every patient independently of age and was still present at the end of 1 year. It could be considered as a 'scar in the Amsler grid.' The occurrence of metamorphopsia was independent of whether subretinal fluid was drained or allowed to absorb spontaneously. PMID- 7262429 TI - Infection prophylaxis with silastic sponge explants in retinal detachment surgery. AB - In our animal model, silastic scleral sponges retained bactericidal levels of neomycin sulfate for at least 1 week, when thoroughly infiltrated prior to episcleral placement. This would provide an effective protection against acute buckle infections caused by bacteria contaminating the surgical field. Our clinical experience in 1,081 consecutive scleral buckling procedures substantiates the validity of this conclusion. PMID- 7262431 TI - Modulation of lymphocyte stimulation by the vitreous body. A new concept in ocular immunology. AB - The modulating properties of the vitreous body on lymphocyte stimulation has been investigated in vitro. Vitreous hyaluronic acid suppresses lymphocyte stimulation, depending on the physicochemical properties of the biopolymer, by reducing direct and indirect cell-cell interaction. The presence of a lymphocyte stimulation enhancing factor has been demonstrated, and the name ocular lymphocyte modulating factor (OLMF) has been assigned. The potentially basic importance of OLMF for the general immune response of the body has been outlined. PMID- 7262432 TI - Management of acute ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. AB - In summary, there are various factors which play an important prognostic role in the final visual acuity of patients with active histoplasma maculopathy. The factors over which we have no control is the location of the neovascular membrane in this maculopathy. The factors over which we do have control are how and when to treat it. We feel that laser photocoagulation is an effective method of treatment. It has been possible to obliterate the NVM as close as 200 micrometers from the foveola, thus preventing the development of subfoveal NVMs which have such a poor visual prognosis. The most important factor is the early treatment with laser photocoagulation. If we could treat all patients within 4 weeks of initial visual symptoms (group A), we might be able to eliminate a large number of patients (group C) who have a much poorer visual prognosis. Serial postoperative fluorescein studies are necessary to detect recurrent neovascular membranes which require further treatment. PMID- 7262433 TI - Melanosis oculi, small choroidal melanoma, and extraocular extension. AB - In a white patient with melanosis oculi, a small choroidal melanoma in the hyperpigmented eye was observed for 8 years before enucleation. An important factor in the decision to enucleate was echographic evidence of extraocular tumor extension. Histopathologic examination confirmed the presence of a small choroidal melanoma (with an intraocular tumor volume of about 60 mm3), scleral tumor infiltration, and extrascleral tumor extension. Discussion considered the reported association of melanosis oculi with uveal melanoma in white patients, the extremely important role of echography in the management of even small choroidal melanomas, and the significance of extraocular tumor extension. PMID- 7262434 TI - Na+-independent sugar uptake by rat intestinal and renal brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles. PMID- 7262436 TI - The stimulatory effect of alloxan-diabetes on the gluconeogenesis from alanine and glutamine in rabbit hepatocytes. PMID- 7262435 TI - Effect of puromycin, cycloheximide and concanavalin A on in vitro synthesis of human reticulocyte membrane proteins. PMID- 7262437 TI - Kinetic mechanism of guinea-pig skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase (M4) with oxaloacetate-NADH and pyruvate-NADH as substrates. PMID- 7262438 TI - Carbohydrate-mediated catabolism of mammalian haptoglobin and haptoglobin hemoglobin complex in the chicken. PMID- 7262439 TI - In vitro synthesis of sialyl transferase of bovine submaxillary gland. PMID- 7262440 TI - Comparison of the porphyrin patterns in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda in Czechoslovakia and Denmark. PMID- 7262441 TI - Structure and function of bacterial and mammalian dihydrofolate reductases. PMID- 7262442 TI - Some kinetic and physical properties of biliverdin reductase. PMID- 7262443 TI - Structure and function of octopine dehydrogenase of Pecten maximus (great scallop). PMID- 7262444 TI - Biospecific binding to immobilized small ligands in affinity chromatography. PMID- 7262445 TI - Biospecific chromatography with macro-ligands. PMID- 7262446 TI - Biospecific desorption from mixed-function columns. PMID- 7262447 TI - Triazine-dye affinity; chromatography. PMID- 7262448 TI - Regulation of ketogenesis in the liver. PMID- 7262449 TI - Regulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation in the rat during feeding and starvation. PMID- 7262450 TI - Lipid metabolism during starvation: hepatic energy balance and ketogenesis. PMID- 7262451 TI - Ketone-body metabolism during the neonatal period. PMID- 7262452 TI - Utilization of ketone bodies by mammalian tissues. PMID- 7262453 TI - Total body and serum potassium during treatment with atenolol in combination with chlorthalidone. PMID- 7262454 TI - pHresh 3.5: a new low pH liquid skin cleanser. AB - pHresh 3.5, a new low pH liquid skin cleanser, was evaluated for safety and efficacy in four clinical studies. In 5- and 21-day predictive patch tests the cleanser was rated mild compared to four other widely used cleansers. As a degreasing agent it was found effective during a 4-week study period, especially in subjects with severe facial oiliness. Daily use of the product for a month in tretinoin-treated acne patients failed to indicate any lack of compatability of the two agents. Resolution of pre-existing skin irritation was not impaired by pHresh 3.5 usage. PMID- 7262455 TI - Sterility caused by functional absence of ejaculatory ducts. AB - Five patients with functional absence of genital excretory ducts are presented, with emphasis on the scarcity of physical and complementary data obtained. The low impairment of spermatogenesis is pointed out. Seminal characteristics are analysed and the diagnostic importance of spermogram data stressed. The importance of the qualitative determination of fructose for the diagnosis of this syndrome is noted, as well as the incidence of this syndrome as the cause of azoospermia and sterility. The existence of a unilateral congenital absence of ejaculatory ducts is demonstrated. Cases of this sort cannot be detected unless a contralateral acquired lesion occurs. PMID- 7262456 TI - [Abortive activity of mimosine and its prevention (author's transl)]. AB - 18 out of 19 female mice treated orally with different levels of mimosine in the drinking water were fertile. Subcutaneous injection of mimosine (400 mg/kg) to 23 pregnant mice, in a single dose on days 5, 10, 15 or 17, resulted in death and resorption or expulsion of dead embryos, except in one, early inoculated. L Phenylalanine (600 mg/kg) injected subcutaneously on day 17 prevented abortion in 4 out of 5 mice subsequently injected with mimosine. PMID- 7262458 TI - Ultrastructural characterization of surface specializations containing high density acetylcholine receptors on embryonic chick myotubes in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7262457 TI - Heterogeneous results of serum testosterone obtained in multiple blood samples from women with idiopathic hirsutism in both basal and post-dexamethasone conditions. AB - Serum radioimmunoassayable testosterone (T), cortisol and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined before and after dexamethasone (DXM) administration in 35 patients with idiopathic hirsutism (IH). Blood samples were taken at 15-min intervals during 1 hour in both basal and post-DXM conditions. Testosterone values obtained in 5 normal women in the same conditions during the early follicular phase were (mean +/- SD): baseline, 2.26 +/- 0.49 nmol/l; post-DXM, 0.80 +/- 0.35 nmol/l. Serum T levels in the whole group of patients with IH were significantly higher than those in the control group (mean +/- SD): baseline, 3.30 +/- 1.80nmol/l; post-DXM, 1.67 +/- 1.49nmol/l. Patients with IH were divided into 4 groups according to T results in the DXM test (mean +/- SD in both basal and post-DXM conditions, respectively): group 1 (n = 13) 1.67 +/- 0.66 and 0.62 +/- 0.35nmol/l; group 2 (n = 11) 3.89 +/- 1.63 and 3.09 +/- 1.49nmol/l; group 3 (n = 6) 3.96 +/- 1.46 and 0.87 +/- 0.73nmol/l; and group 4 (n = 5) 5.45 +/- 1.25 and 2.05 +/- 0.38nmol/l. In all cases, maximal adrenal inhibition, as judged by serum cortisol, was obtained. No LH modifications after DXM were obtained in any of the cases. Our results demonstrate that there is no common androgenic abnormality in IH. It is possible to obtain normal or high circulating T levels. The findings of this study also suggest that the adrenals, to ovary or both may be the sources of high T levels. PMID- 7262459 TI - Proteins foretelling head or abdomen development in the embryo of Smittia spec. (Chironomidae, Diptera). PMID- 7262460 TI - Differential mitotic rates and patterns of growth in compartments in the Drosophila wing. PMID- 7262461 TI - The influence of the metameric pattern in the mesoderm on migration of cranial neural crest cells in the chick embryo. PMID- 7262462 TI - Chromatin proteins of sea urchin embryos: dual origin from an oogenetic reservoir and new synthesis. PMID- 7262463 TI - An extracellular fibrillar matrix in gastrulating sea urchin embryos. PMID- 7262464 TI - The bounty of behavior. PMID- 7262465 TI - Postparturitional reestablishment of pup cannibalism in female gerbils. AB - Nonbreeding female Mongolian gerbils readily cannibalize all accessible pups. Among breeding females this behavior ceases a few days prior to parturition. If the litter remains with the female, cannibalism of newborn test pups returns between 11 and 20 days postpartum. If the litter is removed a few hours after parturition, however, 40% of the females will cannibalize on Days 1-5 and 72% will cannibalize on Days 6-10 postpartum. Thus, the presence of a litter appears to suppress pup cannibalism. The evidence suggests that the replacement of a litter 6-10 day with newborn test pups can prolong the suppression of pup cannibalism. PMID- 7262466 TI - Brightness effects on color pecking preferences in dark-hatched domestic chicks. AB - Color pecking preferences in day-old, dark-hatched domestic chicks of 2 breeds were studied as a function of (1) target luminance (dim, medium, or bright) when testing was in darkness and in the light (Experiments I and II): (2) method of equilibrating target brightnesses (i.e., objectively or subjectively: Experiments III and IV); and (3) ambient brightness (dim, medium, or bright; Experiment IV). White Leghorns were found to peck sooner and more often than New Hampshires. Under all conditions of target and ambient brightness, results revealed the previously reported bimodal (V-shaped) color preference function with peak preferences in the blue-violet and orange regions of the spectrum and minimal at green. The only brightness factor that affected the V-shaped function was dark adapted vs light-adapted viewing, that is, the chicks showed a slight shift away from red and/or a slightly more negative slope with light adaptation. PMID- 7262467 TI - Development of infant independence in a captive group of lowland gorillas. AB - In March 1976, 3 lowlands gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) were born to primiparous females living with an adult male in a large compound at the field station of the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center of Emory University. Observations of parent and infant behavior began at the birth of the infants, using several methods of data collection. This report focuses on the development of independence in these infants over the 1st 1 1/2 years of life. As expected, measures of mother-infant contact and proximity decreased with age. Several measures suggested that infant independence developed as an interactive process between mothers and infants, with primary responsibility changing over the months of study. Maternal behaviors that served to maintain mother-infant contact were found to decrease with age, with an eventual shift to infant responsibility for contact maintenance. Additionally, the adult male appeared to influence developing independence as reflected in the maternal protectiveness evoked by his behavior. PMID- 7262468 TI - Effect of differential rearing on brain, liver and adrenal tissues. AB - Brain, liver, and adrenal weights were measured in rats differentially reared from 28-60 days of age. Relative to the standard colony rats, enriched rats had heavier brains but lighter livers. Relative to the standard animals, impoverished rats had heavier adrenals. These results confirm differential rearing influences on organs other than the brain. PMID- 7262469 TI - Development of wing-flapping and flight in normal and flap-deprived domestic chicks. AB - Lateral flight evoked by dropping appeared 7-9 days after hatching. Drop-evoked bilaterally symmetrical wing extension and slow, low-amplitude wing-flapping were present by Day 1. Flapping rate measured using strobophotography increased up to approximately 13 days. Normal wing-flapping rates and lateral flight distances were achieved by chicks whose wings were immobilized with elastic bandages from Day 1 until immediately before testing at 13 days, indicating that wing movement is not necessary for the postnatal development of basic wing-flapping and flight. The ratio of wing area to body weight, a morphological index of wing-lift efficiency, rapidly increased up to 13 days and slowly declined through 49 days. The peaking of this ratio at 13 days corresponds to the age at which lateral flight is well established and wing-flapping rate is at its maximum. Thus, the development of wing morphology, wing-flapping rate, and flight are strongly and positively correlated. PMID- 7262470 TI - Speaking of priorities and reliabilities: a reply to Galler. PMID- 7262471 TI - Erratum: the effects of age on the kindling phenomenon. PMID- 7262472 TI - Hepatic extraction of plasma immunoreactive glucagon components. Predilection for 3500-dalton glucagon metabolism by the liver. AB - This study examines quantitatively the extraction of plasma immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) components by the liver. It was shown that the liver has a predilection for removal of the 3500-dalton biologically active IRG component with virtually no extraction of the other IRG fractions. Hepatic extraction of whole plasma IRG was 25.2 +/- 2.5%. Analysis of the hepatic extraction of the four plasma immunoreactive components, separated by gel filtration, revealed variable but quantitatively insignificant extraction of all components other than the 3500-dalton fraction, which was 33.4 +/- 3.2% (P less than 0.001). Hepatic extraction of whole plasma IRG was significantly less than that of the 3500 dalton component during periods of basal glucagon secretion when IRG fractions other than the 3500-dalton fraction contribute substantially to the whole plasma IRG level. However, during periods of stimulation of glucagon secretion by arginine or arginine plus cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, when the 3500-dalton component accounts for virtually all of the whole plasma IRG level, hepatic extraction of whole plasma IRG was similar to that of the 3500-dalton fraction. PMID- 7262473 TI - Increase of plasma acetaldehyde. An objective indicator of the chlorpropamide alcohol flush. AB - Chlorpropamide alcohol flushing (CPAF) in non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDs) has been reported to be associated with a lower tendency to develop late complications. The flush was thought to be mediated by enkephalins and prostaglandins. Early studies could not correlate CPAF to increased levels of acetaldehyde in blood and the flush was not regarded as an antabuse-like reaction. In this study, the increase of plasma acetaldehyde during the flush in 13 CPAF positive diabetics was significantly (P less than 0.005) higher than in the 13 CPAF negative diabetics during a CPAF challenge test. The increase of plasma acetaldehyde was reduced to the level of CPAF negative diabetics in three CPAF positive diabetics when they were exposed to alcohol without premedication with chlorpropamide and they did not flush. The normal breakdown of ethanol to acetic acid via acetaldehyde appears to be inhibited by chlorpropamide in the flushers. Acetaldehyde measurement is an objective method to study the chlorpropamide alcohol flush and it appears superior to the measurement of skin temperature. PMID- 7262474 TI - Prognosis of diabetes mellitus in a geographically defined population. AB - The centralised registration and care of all diabetics in a geographically defined population has provided an epidemiological basis for a longitudinal investigation of the prognosis of this disease. Records of all newly diagnosed diabetics who had been registered in the Erfurt district (population 1.25 million) in 1966 were studied in relation to the time period 1966-1976. Of the known 2,560 diabetics (910 men, 1,650 women; 93.7% greater than 40 years of age), 1,054 had died during the 10-year follow-up period. Cardiovascular causes accounted for the majority of deaths (63%). In almost all age classes proportionally more men than women had died at follow-up; there was a significant difference in the 60-69 year group (men 61.6%, women 46.2%). In comparison with the general population, excess mortality ranged from 2.1 to 1.0, decreasing with age at onset without significant differences between men and women. Excess mortality was present in most age classes and was evident within the first year after diagnosis. Current life-table analysis confirmed the shortened life expectancy of the diabetics. The lower life expectancy of noninsulin-dependent diabetics may not be due to hyperglycaemia alone but probably also involves a variety of atherongenic risk factors. PMID- 7262475 TI - The clinical features of diabetes with coexisting autoimmune thyroid disease. AB - A study was made of the clinical features of diabetics with coexisting Graves' disease (n = 117) or primary hypothyroidism (n = 98). Those with Graves' disease developed thyroid dysfunction and diabetes at an earlier age than patients with primary hypothyroidism. There was, however, no difference between the two groups in respect of sex ratio nor proportion of subjects requiring insulin treatment. In contrast to the general diabetic population, 87% of diabetics with thyroid disease were female, 56% required insulin treatment and of patients requiring insulin from diagnosis, the median age at diagnosis of diabetes was 36 years. A strong correlation was observed between age at diagnosis of diabetes and that of hyperthyroidism (r = 0.71, p less than 0.001) or hypothyroidism (r = 0.65, p less than 0.001). With increasing age at diagnosis of diabetes the interval between diagnosis of diabetes and thyroid disease diminished. The mean +/- SEM interval between diagnosis of diabetes and that of thyroid dysfunction was longer in hypothyroid (6.7 +/- 1.2 years) than in hyperthyroid diabetics (-2.4 +/- 1.2 years). Neither insulin-dependent nor non-insulin dependent diabetics with associated thyroid disease exhibited a significant seasonal variation in diagnosis or symptomatic onset of diabetes. It is conceivable that where diabetes accompanies autoimmune thyroid disease in the same patient, both conditions may share a common and coincident pathogenesis which is unrelated to acute environmental influences. PMID- 7262476 TI - Tissue magnesium status in diabetes mellitus. AB - Leucocyte and erythrocyte magnesium was assayed in 17 healthy subjects and 17 insulin dependent diabetic patients. Plasma magnesium concentration (mean +/- standard error of mean) was significantly lower in the diabetic patients (0.80 +/ 0.02 mmol/l), compared with the healthy subjects (0.90 +/- 0.02 mmol/l, p less than 0.001), but the leucocyte and erythrocyte magnesium content was not significantly different in the diabetic patients (34.5 +/- 0.8 and 6.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg dry solids) compared with the healthy subjects (35.5 +/- 0.8 and 6.5 +/- 0.11 mmol/kg dry solids). In a separate study skeletal muscle obtained by needle biopsy was also assayed. Plasma magnesium in 10 diabetic patients (0.74 +/- 0.01 mmol/l) was significantly lower than in 16 healthy subjects (0.85 +/- 0.02 mmol/l, p less than 0.001), but there was no significant difference in the mean muscle magnesium content (43.0 +/- 0.7 compared with 40.7 +/- 0.9 mmol/kg dry solids in the diabetic patients). PMID- 7262477 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin in renal failure. PMID- 7262479 TI - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in the substitutive treatment of chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7262478 TI - Non-enzymatically glycosylated serum protein in diabetes mellitus: an index of short-term glycaemia. AB - We measured non-enzymatically-glycosylated serum protein by a colorimetric assay in 107 diabetic and 82 control subjects. The mean level in diabetics was more than twice that in controls. Cross sectional and longitudinal studies in diabetic patients showed that glycosylated serum protein levels correlated with both fasting serum glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels. The correlation between glycosylated serum protein and fasting serum glucose was closer in Type 2 than in Type 1 diabetes. Treatment aimed at improving control in eight poorly controlled diabetic patients resulted in a 37% mean fall in glycosylated serum protein within one week, whereas glycosylated haemoglobin decreased only 8%. These studies confirm that non-enzymatic glycosylation of serum proteins is enhanced in diabetes. Measurement of glycosylated serum protein appears to provide an index of glycaemia over the preceding several days. It has the advantage of detecting improvements in glycaemic control much sooner than does glycosylated haemoglobin measurement. PMID- 7262480 TI - [Current status of substitutive therapy with artificial means in chronic renal insufficiency: hemoperfusion and hemofiltration]. PMID- 7262482 TI - [Utilization of the neonatal intensive care services]. PMID- 7262481 TI - [Human rabies in Mexico]. PMID- 7262483 TI - [Tuberculous meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 7262484 TI - [Health technology in developing countries]. PMID- 7262485 TI - [Prognosis in portal hypertension (25 years experience in its management)]. PMID- 7262486 TI - [Health problems of the big cities]. PMID- 7262487 TI - [Electrophoretic changes in fibrinogen in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7262489 TI - [Toxic neuropathies]. PMID- 7262488 TI - [Short-term anti-tuberculosis treatment]. PMID- 7262490 TI - [Plasma concentration of free amino acids in normal children]. PMID- 7262491 TI - [Usefulness of intraventricular therapy in ventricular ependymitis]. PMID- 7262492 TI - [Epidemiological picture and control of tuberculosis in the Mexican Republic]. PMID- 7262493 TI - Reflux esophagitis revisited: prospective analysis of radiologic accuracy. AB - A prospective radiologic-endoscopic study of the esophagogastric region in 266 patients, including 206 normals and 60 with esophagitis, is reported. The endoscopic classification grading severity of esophagitis was grade 1 -- normal; grades 2, 3, and 4 -- mild, moderate, and severe esophagitis, respectively. Radiology detected 22% of patients with mild esophagitis, 83% with moderate esophagitis, and 95% with severe esophagitis. Although hiatal hernia was present in 40% of normals and 89% with esophagitis, absence of radiographic hiatal hernia excluded esophagitis with 95% accuracy. The implications of this study regarding the role of radiology in evaluating patients with suspected reflux esophagitis are discussed. PMID- 7262494 TI - Biopsy of bowel wall pathology under ultrasound control. AB - Primary lesions of bowel wall were biopsied transabdominally in 7 patients. Adequate material for histological diagnosis was obtained in all. In 3 patients previous biopsy performed at endoscopy had failed to establish a diagnosis. In 2 others the area biopsied, i.e., gallbladder, was inaccessible to endoscopy and confirmation would have otherwise required laparotomy. No complications occurred. PMID- 7262495 TI - Radiographic demonstration of small intestinal villi on routine clinical studies. AB - The radiographic demonstration of the small intestinal villi is reported. The villi were demonstrable with both single- and double-contrast methods on routine clinical studies. The primary requirement for their delineation appears to be employment of a high-resolution radiographic system. PMID- 7262496 TI - Carcinoma of the pancreas presenting as acute pancreatitis: CT diagnosis. AB - Three cases are reported in which acute pancreatitis was the presenting manifestation of an underlying carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. The rare association of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma is reviewed and possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. An underlying neoplasm should be suspected in a middle-aged or elderly patient presenting for the first time with acute pancreatitis for which no other cause is found. CT may suggest the correct diagnosis by identifying focal rather than diffuse pancreatic involvement, pancreatic duct dilatation, or lymphadenopathy. PMID- 7262497 TI - Computed tomography and the dilated pancreatic duct: an ominous sign. AB - The main pancreatic duct has been visualized with both ultrasound and computed tomography. A normal pancreatic duct has not been reported using CT, and controversy persists over whether a normal duct can be routinely imaged with ultrasound. The dilated pancreatic duct has always been associated with disease - usually pancreatitis or a proximal obstructing pancreatic carcinoma. In the patient with no clinical history or laboratory data suggesting pancreatitis, a dilated pancreatic duct implies a proximal tumor. PMID- 7262498 TI - The WES triad -- a specific sonographic sign of gallstones in the contracted gallbladder. AB - The "WES" triad -- that is, the demonstration of the gallbladder Wall, the Echo of the stone, and the acoustic Shadow -- permits the specific diagnosis of stones in a contracted gallbladder. This triad positively identifies the gallbladder and helps to differentiate the contracted gallbladder with stones from a loop of bowel containing gas. PMID- 7262499 TI - Scintigraphy with 99mTc-(2,6-diethylacetanilide)-iminodiacetic acid as a diagnostic test in traumatic lesions of the liver and biliary tract. AB - 99mTc-HIDA scintigraphy was used as a diagnostic procedure in three patients with liver and biliary tract injuries following blunt abdominal trauma. The scintigraphic characteristics are illustrated and discussed. The application of this method is recommended in patients who are clinically stable and in whom the physical findings are equivocal. Furthermore, important information can be gained in patients who have an unsatisfactory course after operative treatment of liver and biliary tract injuries. PMID- 7262500 TI - Nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum. AB - The radiographic evidence of free air in the abdomen is usually associated with gastrointestinal perforations which represent a surgical emergency. However, pneumoperitoneum may also develop in a variety of benign conditions and following diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. This article provides a comprehensive list of nonsurgical causes of pneumoperitoneum. PMID- 7262501 TI - Meconium plug syndrome associated with neonatal intussusception. AB - Two neonates with clinical features of meconium plug syndrome (MPS) were found to have ileocolic intussusception associated with meconium plugs inspissated in the distal ileum. Hydrostatic reduction of the intussusception relieved the intestinal obstruction. Cystic fibrosis was excluded by sweat test and follow-up. PMID- 7262502 TI - Computed tomography in carcinoma of the rectum. AB - A total of 11 cases of untreated carcinoma of the rectosigmoid colon and 56 cases of recurrent rectosigmoid carcinoma have been investigated by computed tomography. A tumor size of more than 2 cm in diameter is easily demonstrated within the rectosigmoid wall. Invasion of the pararectal fatty planes and the neighboring structures and organs is conclusively diagnosed when obliteration of the demarcating fat planes is demonstrated. Enlargement of the regional lymph nodes of more than 15 mm diameter indicates malignant metastatic spread. Local malignant recurrence following complete resection of the rectum is recognized when the tumor size has reached 2 cm or more. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy may be necessary to conclusively identify malignant tissue within the postoperative cavity. PMID- 7262503 TI - Benign (solitary) ulcer of the rectum -- another cause for rectal stricture. AB - Benign rectal ulcer syndrome is an uncommon cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients may present with mild, often recurrent, rectal bleeding frequently ascribed to hemorrhoids. Barium enema may be normal during the early, nonulcerative phase of proctitis. Single (or multiple) ulcers with or without rectal stricture are the hallmarks of the radiographic diagnosis. Radiologic demonstration of the ulcer(s) is not required, however, for the diagnosis. Benign rectal ulcer should be included in the differential diagnosis of benign-appearing rectal strictures. PMID- 7262504 TI - Carcinomatous metastases to the colon simulating Crohn's disease. AB - Multifocal lymphatic and hematogeneous metastatic infiltration of the colon by anaplastic carcinoma is described. The radiological and endoscopic examinations gave reason to believe that the patient was suffering from Crohn's disease. Only deep biopsy revealed the correct diagnosis. Clinical and pathological problems arising in the diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 7262506 TI - Histologic and cytologic studies on atypical epithelial growth of the stomach. AB - Thirty three resected gastric lesions were examined histologically to analyze the relationship between histologic and cytologic diagnoses of the so-called atypical epithelial growth based on biopsy specimens. Of the 33 lesions twenty were histologically verified atypical epithelial growth and the remaining thirteen were, in the same manner, diagnosed with some equivocation as papillary adenocarcinoma. The results of both histological and cytological diagnoses of the biopsy materials from the above mentioned 33 lesions were as follows; for the twenty atypical epithelial growths, 18 were diagnosed as benign, one was as suspicious of malignancy and the other one was as cancer by biopsy histology, whereas these lesions were diagnosed as benign in 16, suspicious in two and cancer in two by cytology; for the thirteen papillary adenocarcinoma, 8 were diagnosed as benign, 4 were as suspicious of malignancy and one was as cancer by biopsy histology. On the other hand their diagnoses were malignant in six, suspicious of cancer in four and benign in three by biopsy cytology. The data indicate that biopsy cytology favors malignancy for atypical epithelial growth and papillary adenocarcinoma when compared with biopsy histology. PMID- 7262505 TI - Kupffer cell hyperplasia in liver diseases. Demonstration by scanning electron microscopy of biopsy samples. AB - Kupffer cells were observed in liver biopsy tissues of 9 cases of liver diseases by scanning electron microscopy to prove Kupffer cell proliferation numerically. Kupffer cell count per 0.01 mm2 of cracked surface of liver lobule was 1.2 +/- 0.3 in the convalescent stage of a mild acute hepatitis case and 1.2 +/- 0.1 in a chronic persistent hepatitis case with slight inflammation. Whereas it was increased to 2.4-5.5 (P less than 0.01) in the convalescent stage of moderate to severe acute hepatitis cases, 1.8 +/- 0.1 (p less than 0.05) in a chronic active hepatitis case, 2.5 +/- 0.3 (p less than 0.001) in an alcoholic portal fibrosis case and 2.2 +/- 0.4 (p less than 0.001) in a liver cirrhosis case. Kupffer cell count per mm3 of liver lobule was estimated roughly 3,500 in the convalescent stage of a mild acute hepatitis case and in a mild chronic persistent hepatitis case and 7,000 to 16,000 in the convalescent stage of moderate to severe acute hepatitis cases. PMID- 7262507 TI - A pancreatic oncofetal antigen: its partial purification and clinical application. AB - Studies on the purification, characterization and clinical application of pancreatic oncofetal antigen were reported. This antigen was purified from fetal pancreas, and migrated in the beta-region on electrophoresis. Its molecular weight was about 80 x 10(4) daltons on gel filtration with a Sephacryl S-300. This antigen is clearly different from other oncofetal antigens such as alfafetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen or ferritin. Clinically, this pancreatic oncofetal antigen was positive in sera of 68.4% of the patients with pancreatic cancer. However, elevated level of this antigen was also observed in the sera of some patients with biliary tract cancer, colon cancer or gastric cancer. The antigen was also found in pancreatic juice obtained from patients with pancreatic cancer in almost the same incidence as in their sera. It is suggested that a pancreatic oncofetal antigen assay of sera and pancreatic juice in combination with other oncofetal antigens is valuable for the diagnosis and monitoring the clinical course of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7262509 TI - Whither the American Gastroenterological Association? A personal view. PMID- 7262508 TI - The protection of coenzyme Q10 against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. AB - It has been suggested that lipid peroxidation is an important factor in the pathogenesis of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) hepatotoxicity. In the present study, experimental liver injury induced by CCl4 could be inhibited by Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and in spite of exposure to CCl4 the liver tissue levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reacting substances were not increased in rats pretreated with CoQ10. In the in vitro experiment as well, the apparent liver tissue levels of TBA were decreased after addition of CoQ10. These facts provided evidences that CoQ10 possessed a direct antioxidative effect and protected against CCl4 hepatotoxicity by this antioxidative effect. PMID- 7262510 TI - The nature and prognostic significance of serial amino acid determinations in severe chronic active liver disease. AB - Serum amino acid levels were determined in 29 patients with severe chronic active liver disease before, during, and after administration of prednisone or placebo and in 22 healthy controls. The pretreatment molar ratio of amino acids was less in patients than in controls (p less than 0.001) and was lower in those with cirrhosis (p less than 0.02). Branched-chain amino acid levels were elevated in patients without cirrhosis (p less than 0.02) but not in those with cirrhosis; aromatic amino acid concentrations were increased in all (p less than 0.01). The ratio improved with remission and predicted behavior after discontinuation of treatment. Patients who deteriorated failed to improve the ratio and those whose ratio improved incompletely relapsed. The ratio correlated with histologic severity and serum concentrations of albumin, bilirubin, and gamma-globulin and not with clinical manifestations of encephalopathy. We conclude that amino acid abnormalities reflect liver dysfunction and that normalization of the molar ratio may have therapeutic and prognostic significance. PMID- 7262511 TI - The effect of sphincterotomy on gallstone formation in the prairie dog. PMID- 7262512 TI - Evidence for impairment of transsulfuration pathway in cirrhosis. PMID- 7262514 TI - Prospective study of hepatitis B in thirty-two inadvertently infected people. AB - Red blood cells from a single donor were used for stimulation of red-cell antibodies in 32 volunteers. In mid-April 1978, the RBC donor had sexual contact with a partner who later developed hepatitis. The donor was asymptomatic, HBsAg negative and had normal SGOT at the time of the donations of June 14 and July 19, but became HBsAg positive by August 30, and developed acute hepatitis in October 1978. The donor's blood was infective at least 36 and possibly 76 days before HBsAg became detectable by radioimmunoassay. Washing of RBC had no effect on the incidence of seroconversion. Hepatitis B surface antigen or anti-HBs or both became detectable in 28 (87.5%) of the 32 volunteers. Thirteen (42%) developed a self-limited acute hepatitis with jaundice. None became an HBsAg carrier. There were no secondaries among work, casual, or family contacts, but close family members and sexual partners were given hepatitis-B immune globulin. PMID- 7262513 TI - Abnormalities in the leukocyte sodium pump in advanced cirrhosis. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated abnormalities of intracellular electrolyte content and sodium transport in leukocytes of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. The current study was undertaken to establish whether similar abnormalities were present in patients with encephalopathy from advanced cirrhosis. Results from 19 patients with advanced cirrhosis showed values for the leukocyte total sodium efflux-rate constant were significantly reduced in patients, 3.02 +/- 1 SEM 0.12 h-1, compared to control values, 3.80 +/- 0.06 h-1. This reduction was due primarily to a lowering of the ouabain-sensitive component of sodium efflux, a measure of Na,K-ATPase activity. In comparison, leukocytes from patients with fulminant hepatic failure show a greater inhibition of the ouabain-sensitive component of sodium efflux with a raised ouabain-insensitive efflux. Although cirrhosis has generally been associated with potassium depletion, the intracellular potassium content of the cirrhotic patients' leukocytes was normal. Since the leukocyte is considered to be a good cell model and because abnormalities of sodium transport have been shown in the leukocytes of these patients, it is likely that similar abnormalities of sodium transport are present in other organs, including the brain. PMID- 7262515 TI - The pH gradient across mucus adherent to rat fundic mucosa in vivo and the effect of potential damaging agents. AB - We investigated the possibility that a "mucus-bicarbonate" barrier might exist in the stomach in vivo. Using an antimony microelectrode a pH gradient was demonstrated across the mucus layer on the fundic mucosa of the rat stomach in vivo. When the luminal pH was 2.0 the maximum pH reached on traversing the mucus layer was 6.68 +/- 0.71 (n = 30) and a stable gradient could be maintained across the mucus for over 100 min. Introduction of luminal solutions with a pH of less than 1.5 caused a fall in the pH gradient and its abolition at pH 1.2. N-Acetyl-L cysteine (5%) in pH 2.0 luminal HCl solution caused a fall in pH in 12 of 18 rats within 5 min. After 30 to 60 min exposure the maximum mean pH in 12 rats was reduced to 4.18 +/- 0.92 (p less than 0.001). Ten millimolar aspirin in pH 2.0 HCl also caused a fall in pH in 12 of 24 rats within 10 min and the maximum pH in 12 rats after 30-60 min exposure was 4.13 +/- 0.84 (p less than 0.001). These effects on the mucus pH gradient were local actions because in other, untreated areas of the same stomachs there was a normal maximum pH. Ten millimolar sodium taurocholate in pH 2.0 HCl produced a visible clouding of the mucus layer, but no fall in pH. However, gentle manipulation caused the mucus to "flake" off with a subsequent fall in underlying pH. These observations indicate the presence of a pH gradient in mucus in vivo which can be compromised by agents which interfere with mucus structure and/or bicarbonate secretion and by high intraluminal hydrogen ion concentrations. The results support a role for this barrier in gastric mucosal protection. PMID- 7262516 TI - Indomethacin produces gastric antral ulcers in the refed rat. AB - Indomethacin produces gastric corpus erosions in the fasted rat and small intestinal ulcers in the conventionally fed rat. We found that in rats fed chow pellets for 1 h after a 24-h fast, indomethacin given within 2 h after refeeding produced lesions in the gastric antrum, primarily along the lesser curvature, and also in the small intestine. The antral lesions reached a maximum size in 6-10 h, penetrated the muscularis mucosae within 3 days, and did not diminish for at least 7 days. The formation of the antral ulcer was prevented by prostaglandins or adrenalectomy, but was not affected by cimetidine, atropine, and/or vagotomy. In contrast, the gastric corpus erosions produced by indomethacin in the fasted rat were prevented by antisecretory drugs or vagotomy, and were aggravated by adrenalectomy. It is concluded that: (a) the chronic antral ulcers produced by indomethacin in a refed rat mimic human gastric ulcer with regard to location and histology; and (b) the mechanism of antral ulcer formation is different from corpus erosion formation, in that it was resistant to antisecretory drugs and vagotomy and was prevented by adrenalectomy. This experimental ulcer model could prove useful for studies of the etiology and therapy of gastric ulcer disease. PMID- 7262517 TI - Duodenogastric reflux in humans: its relationship to fasting antroduodenal motility and gastric, pancreatic, and biliary secretion. AB - Duodenogastric reflux may have pathophysiologic importance, but its mechanism is poorly understood. We propose that duodenogastric reflux and periodic changes in motor and secretory activity of the upper gut during fasting may be related. Therefore we determined the relationships between duodenogastric reflux and interdigestive motor-secretory cycles in a group of 6 healthy individuals, on each of whom we performed three 7-h studies in random order on separate days. In all studies gastric intubation and antral pressure recordings were performed. However, in design 1 we used a slow duodenal perfusion rate of [14C]PEG in saline (0.25 ml/min) while in design 3 we used a fast perfusion rate (3.0 ml/min). Duodenal pressures were also recorded during these designs. In design 2 no transpyloric tubes were present. Our study shows that, in humans, fasting duodenogastric reflux of bile and pancreatic juice is cyclic and closely related to the interdigestive migrating motor complex. Reflux is highest during late phase II (when secretory activity is also on the rise) and lowest after phase III. One of the important functions of the migrating motor complex in humans may be to clear the stomach of refluxed duodenal secretions. PMID- 7262518 TI - Patterns of spike burst spread and flow in the canine small intestine. AB - We are describing a new method to illustrate the spread of spike bursts along the small intestine. Spike bursts migrate aborally in the longitudinal axis (from distances up to 30 to 40 cm at the same rate as slow waves). These were detected through the use of multiple closely and evenly spaced serosal electrodes in conscious dogs. Their occurrence is plotted with respect to electrode and time using a computer and printer. Patterns of contractile activity after fasting and feeding are illustrated. Outflow from an intraluminal cannula occurs in pulses preceded by spike burst activity in electrodes proximal to the cannula. This lends support to the concept that intestinal flow is accomplished by migrating ring contractions. PMID- 7262519 TI - Mucin degradation in human colon ecosystems. Degradation of hog gastric mucin by fecal extracts and fecal cultures. AB - The enteric flora of rats plays a major role in the degradation of their gut mucin glycoproteins, but the role of human enteric flora in degrading gut mucin glycoprotein has not been as well defined. We have studied the degradation of hog gastric mucin, which is structurally similar to human gastric mucin, in anaerobic human fecal cultures and by partially purified enzyme fractions from human fecal extracts and anaerobic culture supernates. Extensive degradation of the mucin carbohydrate moieties occurred in all systems, but the degradation of mucin protein was less. During a 48-h incubation, the average percent degradation of mucin carbohydrates and mucin protein were respectively 96% and 57% in eight fecal cultures, 66% and 15% by four fecal culture supernates, and 78% and 43% by three fecal extracts. Degradation of mucin protein was greater during bacterial growth in fecal cultures than during incubation with fecal culture supernates, suggesting that bacterial protease activity was predominantly cell bound. We conclude that, as in the rat, the human enteric microflora degrades mucin carbohydrate moieties extensively and the mucin protein to a lesser extent. PMID- 7262520 TI - Mucin degradation in human colon ecosystems. Fecal population densities of mucin degrading bacteria estimated by a "most probable number" method. PMID- 7262521 TI - Enterohepatic circulation of cobalamin in the nonhuman primate. AB - Biliary excretion of cobalamin was studied in baboons after intravenous injection of 57Co-radiolabeled cyanocobalamin. Radioactivity appeared in bile after 20 min, and up to 4.4% of the dose was recovered in 6 h. It was estimated that 4 microgram cobalamin traverses the baboon biliary tract each day. These studies in the nonhuman primate confirm that there is considerable biliary excretion of cobalamin and that enterohepatic circulation of the vitamin is important for maintenance of normal cobalamin balance. PMID- 7262522 TI - Effect of dietary bulk on small intestinal morphology and cell renewal in the rat. AB - Feeding an elemental diet (Vivonex) to rats over 9 days causes a decrease in the rate of cell renewal and a reduction in villus size in both the jejunum and ileum, as compared with rats fed regular chow. The addition of bulk to elemental diet cannot prevent the reduction in villous size, but it can cause a small increase in the rate of cell renewal, which is still much lower than that in chow fed rats. The serum gastrin level of rats fed the elemental diet is about one third of the level found in chow-fed rats, and it is not changed by the addition of bulk. PMID- 7262523 TI - Vasculitis involving muscle associated with Crohn's colitis. AB - A case of Crohn's colitis is described in a patient who demonstrated multiple extraintestinal complications, including erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum, and aphthous oral ulcerations. Our patient simultaneously developed an unusual vasculitis in muscle. Small vessels were affected by necrosis, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration was appreciated. Leukocytoclastic was suggested by these features and the additional finding of small amounts of nuclear debris. A strong immunofluorescence to antihuman C3 was demonstrated in the affected vessel walls. We did not find circulating IgG immune complexes in serum with the Raji cell assay. The implication of the finding of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in muscle, associated with Crohn's colitis, is discussed. PMID- 7262524 TI - Survival after necrotizing enterocolitis of leukemia treated with oral vancomycin. AB - A 56-yr-old female with chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Prednisone therapy was instituted, but her disease was further complicated by the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. No specific enteropathogens were identified, and the stools were consistently negative for Clostridium difficile toxin. Treatment with vancomycin was instituted and resulted in complete recovery. In view of the high mortality and poor results of treatment in necrotizing enterocolitis, it is postulated that a further trial of this drug is justified. PMID- 7262525 TI - Treatment of human fascioliasis with niclofolan. AB - We report a case of human Fasciola hepatica infection. For the first time evidence is presented of successful treatment of fascioliasis by oral administration of niclofolan, a biphenyl anthelmintic compound that is available for clinical testing in West Germany. Niclofolan therapy achieved elimination of eggs from the feces and normalization of eosinophil counts, liver enzymes and Fasciola titers, suggesting eradication of biliary flukes in our patient. PMID- 7262526 TI - Verdict on vagotomy. PMID- 7262527 TI - Microtubules--biological machines at the molecular level. PMID- 7262528 TI - Candidiasis of the duodenum and jejunum. PMID- 7262529 TI - Candidiasis of the small intestine. PMID- 7262530 TI - Hormonal regulation of nuptial pads and tail fins in the female red-spotted newt. PMID- 7262531 TI - Social interactions and androgen levels in birds. I. Female characteristics associated with increased plasma androgen levels in the male ring dove (Streptopelia risoria). PMID- 7262532 TI - Social interactions and androgen levels in birds. II. Social factors associated with a decline in plasma androgen levels in male ring doves (Streptopelia risoria). PMID- 7262533 TI - A hypocalcemic response to synthetic salmon calcitonin in the green iguana, Iguana iguana. PMID- 7262534 TI - Changes in the concentrations of plasma cortisol and thyroxine during sexual maturation o the hatchery-reared brown trout, Salmo trutta L. PMID- 7262535 TI - Effects of feeding pattern on the pituitary--thyroid axis in the Japanese quail. PMID- 7262536 TI - Pituitary and prolactin influences on calcium regulation in the mud puppy, Necturus maculosus. PMID- 7262537 TI - Effects of daily melatonin injections on female reproduction in the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. PMID- 7262538 TI - Correlation between map position and phenotype of CTI mutants in the c cistron of Rhizobium meliloti phage 16-3. AB - Nine temperature-sensitive clear mutations (Cti) in the C cistron (coding for the repressor protein) of Rhizobium meliloti temperate phage 16-3 were characterized according to the inductive temperature, the immunity of cells lysogenic for these mutant phages to superinfection by homoimmune weak virulent mutants, the phenotype of double-ti mutants and interallelic complementation. The results indicate that mutations of similar phenotypic expression are clustered on the genetic map. Furthermore, it seems probable that the C cistron of the original phage 16-3 is identical to that of the independently isolated phage strain 36. PMID- 7262540 TI - Regulatory genes controlling mitosis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - Fifty-two wee mutants that undergo mitosis and cell division at a reduced size compared with wild type have been genetically analyzed. The mutants define two genes, wee1 and cdc2, which control the timing of mitosis. Fifty-one of the mutants map at the wee1 locus, which is unlinked to any known cdc gene. One of the wee1 alleles has been shown to be nonsense suppressible. The 52nd were mutant maps within cdc2. Previously, only temperature-sensitive mutants that become blocked at mitosis have been found at the cdc2 locus. The simplest interpretation of these observations is that wee1+ codes for a negative element or inhibitor, and cdc2+ codes for a positive element or activator in the mitotic control. The gene dosage of wee1+ plays some role in determining the timing of mitosis, but the gene dosage of cdc2+ has little effect. However, some aspect of the cdc2 gene product activity is important for determining when mitosis takes place. The possible roles of wee1 and cdc2 in the mitotic control are discussed, with particular reference to the part they may play in the monitoring of cell growth rate, both of which influence the timing of mitosis. PMID- 7262539 TI - Isolation and genetic characterization of cell-lineage mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Twenty-four mutants that alter the normally invariant post-embryonic cell lineages of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been isolated and genetically characterized. In some of these mutants, cell divisions fail that occur in wild-type animals; in other mutants, cells divide that do not normally do so. The mutants differ in the specificities of their defects, so that it is possible to identify mutations that affect some cell lineages but not others. These mutants define 14 complementation groups, which have been mapped. The abnormal phenotype of most of the cell-lineage mutants results from a single recessive mutation; however, the excessive cell divisions characteristic of one strain, CB1322, require the presence of two unlinked recessive mutations. All 24 cell-lineage mutants display incomplete penetrance and/or variable expressivity. Three of the mutants are suppressed by pleiotropic suppressors believed to be specific for null alleles, suggesting that their phenotypes result from the complete absence of gene activity. PMID- 7262541 TI - Genetic organization of the region around UNC-15 (I), a gene affecting paramyosin in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans mutants in the gene unc-15 (I) affect the muscle protein paramyosin (Waterston, Fishpool and Brenner 1977). We have characterized 20 ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutations in essential genes closely linked to unc-15. These lethals defined 16 new complementation groups. In the 0.65 map-unit interval around unc-15 defined by dpy-14 and unc-56, seven newly identified genes have been mapped relative to five existing genes. At present, the average distance between genes in this region is approximately 0.05 map units. Two genes, unc-15 and unc-13, are only 0.025 map units apart. Partial fine-structures maps of alleles of these two genes have been constructed. This analysis of unc-15 and genes adjacent to it is the first in a series of genetic and biochemical studies directed towards understanding the control of unc-15 expression. PMID- 7262542 TI - More sex-determination mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Sex determination in Caenorhabditis elegans is controlled by the X chromosome : autosome ratio, i.e. 2A;XX animals are hermaphrodite, and 2A;XO animals are male. A procedure for isolating 2A;XO animals that are transformed in;to hermaphrodites has been developed. Nine mutations causing this transformation have been obtained: eight are recessive, and all of these fall into a new autosomal complementation group, her-1 V. The remaining mutation (her-2) is dominant and has a genetic map location similar to that of tra-1 III. Recessive mutations of tra-1 cause the reverse transformation, transforming 2A;XX animals into males. Therefore, the her-2 mutation may result in constitutive expression of tra-1. Mutations in her-1 are without effect on XX animals, but the her-2 mutation prevents sperm production in both XX and XO animals, in addition to its effect on the sexual phenotype of XO animals. The epistatic relationships between tra and her genes are used to deduce a model for the action of these genes in controlling sex determination. PMID- 7262543 TI - Genetic structure of Pileolaria pseudomilitaris (Polychaeta: Spirorbidae). AB - The genetic structure of Pileolaria pseudomilitaris was studied by means of gene diversity analysis of allozyme frequencies. At an esterase locus, most of the gene diversity was due to subdivision of the population into colonies and subpopulations separated by less than 100 meters. Gene frequencies at a phosphoglucose isomerase locus were similar over many kilometers, but differed between two habitat types. Differences between colonies are attributed to drift and founder effect; similarities over greater distances are attributed to similar selection pressures. A mathematical appendix details the method of gene diversity analysis for a multi-leveled, hierarchically subdivided population. PMID- 7262545 TI - Lack of genic variation in the abundant proteins of human kidney. AB - Abundant proteins of 25 human kidneys were surveyed for genic variation by means of two-dimensional electrophoresis. Eighty-three (83) proteins were scored, and no genic variation was detected. This reduction in genic heterozygosity corroborates results determined with two-dimensional electrophoresis in mice and flies. These results suggest that previous estimates of electrophoretic variation may have been in error because of biased selection of loci. PMID- 7262544 TI - Activity variants of acid phosphatase-3 among chromosome 3 inversions of Drosophila pseudoobscura. AB - Allozymes of the Ap-3 locus in Drosophila pseudoobscura show very strong associations with chromosome 3 inversions. The 0.98 electrophoretic allele is associated with The TL, SC, CH and PP gene arrangements, while the 1.00 electrophoretic allele is characteristic of the AR and ST gene arrangements. Variation in relative 0.98 and 1.00 AP-3 allozyme activities of chromosome 3 isogenic strains was examined on acrylamide gels in F1 heterozygotes obtained by crossing these strains individually to a reference strain with a slower 0.87 mobility allozyme. F2 analyses demonstrated that the activity variants co segregate with the Ap-3 locus. Both 0.98 and 1.00 allelic classes are polymorphic for AP-3 activities. In contrast to the virtual monomorphism for an electrophoretic allele, each inversion is polymorphic for AP-3 activities. These results reveal substantially more genetic differentiation among gene arrangements than is evident from electrophoretic allele comparisons. Strains having the PP arrangement are distinct from TL strains in their AP-3 activity expression, and ST strains have a wider range of variation than AR strains. In contrast, no geographical differentiation is evident for strains from the Bogota population of D. pseudoobscura. PMID- 7262546 TI - A rare-male advantage in the housefly induced by wing clipping and some general considerations for Drosophila. AB - Multiple-choice crosses among five geographic strains of the housefly, Musca domestica L., were carried out in equal (10:10) and low-frequency (4:16) ratios. Initially, a low-frequency-male mating advantage was apparent, but further analyses related this minority advantage to a reduction of male mating success during marking by wing clipping. When there are fluctuating differences in the level of sexual vigor between competing male types over replicate trials of a cross, a mating advantage will accrue to the minority type. Even if males from the two competing strains are equally vigorous, such fluctuating differences will occur during sampling of flies. Harming the flies during marking will serve to enhance this effect and make significant departures toward greater mating success of rare males highly likely. This statistical bias in favor of minority males was substantiated in simulations of the KENCE-BRYANT model of mating success and compared with our results of a minority advantage in the housefly and with published results of a minority advantage in Drosophila. Our evidence, though circumstantial, that an advantage to minority males could have been induced by such an experimental bias suggests that a re-examination of existing data, as well as new experimentation, is necessary to discern whether or not a real rare male advantage exists. PMID- 7262547 TI - Suppressors of mutations in the rII gene of bacteriophage T4 affect promoter utilization. AB - Homyk, Rodriguez and Weil (1976) have described T4 mutants, called sip, that partially suppress the inability of T4rII mutants to grow in lambda lysogens. We have found that mutants sip1 and sip2 are resistant to folate analogs and overproduce FH2 reductase. The results of recombination and complementation studies indicate that sip mutations are in the mot gene. Like other mot mutations (Mattson, Richardson and Goodin 1974; Chace and Hall 1975; Sauerbier, Hercules and Hall 1976), the sip2 mutation affects the expression of many genes and appears to affect promoter utilization. The mot gene function is not required for T4 growth on most hosts, but we have found that it is required for good growth on E. coli CTr5X. Homyk, Rodriguez and Weil (1976) also described L mutations that reverse the effects of sip mutations. L2 decreases the folate analog resistant and the inability of sip2 to grow on CTr5X. L2 itself is partially resistant to a folate analog, and appears to reverse the effects of sip2 on gene expression. These results suggest that L2 affects another regulatory gene related to the mot gene. PMID- 7262548 TI - Doubled haploids for estimating mean and variance of recombination values. AB - In a diallel cross analysis using doubled haploids, both additive and additive x additive genetic variances can be estimated. In addition, mean and variance of recombination values can also be estimated. Linkage affects the covariance between half-sibs the most, the covariance between grandparents and grand offspring to an intermediate degree and the covariance between full sibs the least. The covariance of parent and offspring is not affected by linkage. PMID- 7262550 TI - Genetic variation in small multigene families. PMID- 7262549 TI - A variation in mouse kidney pyruvate kinase activity determined by a mutant gene on chromosome 9. PMID- 7262551 TI - Controlling elements in the mouse. IV. Evidence of non-random X-inactivation. PMID- 7262552 TI - Gonosome-autosome translocations in fowl: the development of chromosomally unbalanced embryos sired by singly and doubly heterozygous cockerels. PMID- 7262553 TI - Relationship between the parental origin of the X chromosomes, embryonic cell lineage and X chromosome expression in mice. PMID- 7262554 TI - A semilethal t-haplotype in the Orkney Islands. PMID- 7262555 TI - GPI expression in female germ cells of the mouse. PMID- 7262556 TI - X chromosome activity in female germ cells of mice heterozygous for Searle's translocation T(X;16)16H. PMID- 7262557 TI - Complex organization of zein genes in maize. AB - We have examined the fragments of maize nuclear DNA that are homologous to three cloned cDNAs prepared from zein mRNA. Southern blots of high molecular weight (greater than 40 kb) maize nuclear DNA cleaved with BamHI, HindIII or EcoRI were hybridized to three zein cDNA plasmid probes. Multiple restriction fragments in a wide range of size classes were observed to hybridize with all three probes. Our results indicate the occurrence of families of genes in the maize genome that are related by their sequences to a given zein mRNA sequence. PMID- 7262558 TI - In vitro construction of a recombinant adenovirus Ad2:Ad5. AB - A hybrid virus containing the left half of the Ad5 genome and the right half of the Ad2 genome has been constructed by ligating together in vitro the BamHI-A fragment of Ad5 (map co-ordinates 0-59.5) to the BamHI-A fragment of Ad2 (map co ordinates 59.5-100), and using this DNA to transfect susceptible cells. Viable progeny virus has been obtained which grows as well as the parental virus without any requirement for helper virus, and probably contains a hybrid hexon polypeptide consisting of the major part of the Ad5 hexon with an Ad2 carboxy terminus. PMID- 7262559 TI - Preferential codon usage in genes. AB - We present a method which permits comparison of the preferential use of degenerate codons within any gene. The method makes use of the triplet frequencies in the noncoding frames to assess whether a preference is specific to the reading frame. Preference is given a statistical meaning by use of the analysis of variance coupled to Duncan's multiple range test. Preferential use of degenerate codons is gene-specific and independent of gene size. The data suggest that any correlation between codon frequency distribution and tRNA levels is unreliable. In those animal genes examined, codons ending in C or G are preferred; in animal viruses tested, codons ending in U or A are preferred. Similarly, the bacterial genes and the genes of single-stranded DNA phages that we analyzed differed from each other as well as from eukaryotic genes in the third base of the codon. PMID- 7262560 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the polypeptide IX gene of human adenovirus type 3. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the DNA segment encompassing the polypeptide IX gene of class B human adenovirus serotype 3 (Ad3) has been determined using cloned restriction fragments. There is only a single, open translational reading frame capable of specifying a protein of 138 amino acids, comparable to the Mr 12 000 13 000 of protein IX detected in virions (Wadell, 1980). The corresponding region of a closely related class B virus, Ad7, is virtually identical (Dijkema et al., 1981), but the comparable segments of class C viruses Ad2 or Ad5 are much less homologous (Alestrom et al., 1980; Maat et al., 1980). There are 150 single bp changes and 19 deletion-insertions, at least one frameshift, together affecting 210 nucleotides within the 455 bp comparison positions of the protein-coding regions of Ad2 (423 bp) and Ad3 (417 bp). Each of the 19 deletion-insertions involves an integral multiple of 3 bp in phase with the open translation frame. There is no "TATA" promoter box in Ad3 DNA at the position comparable to that of Ad2. The deduced protein sequences near the amino-terminus are extensively conserved between the two classes of viruses, but the carboxy-terminal portion and the nucleotide sequences flanking the gene are much more diverged. In both classes, these N- and C-terminal regions of the inferred proteins are linked by an alanine-rich chain, an arrangement suggestive of two functional domains. PMID- 7262561 TI - Changes in the NIH guidelines for recombinant DNA research (appendix 4: May 1980- April 1981). PMID- 7262562 TI - Mechanisms and applications of DNA-mediated gene transfer in mammalian cells - a review. AB - The ability of mammalian cells to take up exogenously added DNA and to express genes included on that DNA has been well documented. DNA-mediated gene transfer (DMGT) potentially is a useful technique for the elucidation of many of the factors that control gene expression, and for the purification and isolation of mammalian genes. Before many of the benefits can be realized, however, a more detailed understanding of the organization, intracellular location, and expression of transferred genes will be needed. Recent studies have begun to characterize the DMGT process. Selected genes become linked to other exogenously added DNA during or subsequent to transfer and persist in the nuclei of recipient cells as part of large molecules called transgenomes. Transgenomes initially are maintained unstably and are lost from the population with first order kinetics. After a variable number of generations in culture, subpopulations arise that maintain the transferred genes stably. In these "stable" cells the transgenome is associated with a recipient cell chromosome, although the particular chromosome differs in independent "stable" lines. Mixture of an excess of specific nonselectable genes with the selected gene prior to transfer results in the inclusion of the nonselected genes in the transgenomes present in most cells that survive selection. This finding demonstrates the feasibility of introducing virtually any purified gene into mammalian cells. Recently microinjection of DNA directly into the nuclei of cells has been demonstrated. This technique greatly increases the frequency of gene transfer and significantly expands the number of cell types that can be genetically transformed. PMID- 7262563 TI - Molecular cloning of the replication terminus of the plasmid R6K. AB - Analyses of the intermediates of DNA replication of the R6K plasmid derivatives, RSF1040, RJHC12 and RJHC26 demonstrate the transient accumulation of open circular DNA molecules with a discontinuity in either the plus or the minus strand of the DNA. The location of this discontinuity is nonrandom and is near the terminus of DNA replication. The discontinuity is not due to the activation of a relaxation complex since neither RJHC12 nor RJHC26 are relaxable. The replication terminus is functional in a clone containing approx. a 2000 bp sub fragment of the HindIII-2 fragment of R6K. The replication terminus temporarily arrests the progression of replication fork of the unidirectionally replicating plasmid pBR313 at a region approx. 800 bp from HindIII site located nearest to the BamHI site of the vector. Subcloning experiments reveal that the upper limit of the replication termination sequence is 216 bp in length. PMID- 7262564 TI - A pilot study of an Alzheimer patients' relatives discussion group. PMID- 7262565 TI - Comparing elderly mentally retarded and non-mentally retarded individuals: who are they? What are their needs? PMID- 7262566 TI - Caveats and cautions: title XX group eligibility for the elderly. PMID- 7262567 TI - Funding agencies and the research community. PMID- 7262568 TI - The role of family members in the helping networks of older people. PMID- 7262569 TI - Older mothers' perceptions of their child's divorce. PMID- 7262570 TI - The expectation gap and the stereotype of the stereotype: images of old people. PMID- 7262571 TI - A communication-cognition program for elderly nursing home residents. PMID- 7262572 TI - In the matter of Earle Spring: some thoughts on one court's approach to senility. PMID- 7262574 TI - Aging and race: a black-white comparative analysis. PMID- 7262573 TI - Teaching nursing home staff about patients' rights. PMID- 7262575 TI - Retirees' perceptions of work and leisure meanings. PMID- 7262576 TI - Job potential in the public, private, and academic sectors. PMID- 7262577 TI - [Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, lecithin phosphorus and phosphatidyl glycerol in amniotic fluid. Correlation with idiopathic respiratory insufficiency syndrome]. PMID- 7262579 TI - [Pyometra. Report of a case]. PMID- 7262578 TI - [Sexual behavior in a student population in Mexico City]. PMID- 7262581 TI - [Etiology and physiopathology ov virilization]. PMID- 7262580 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of fibrocystic disease of the breast. Analysis of 186 cases]. PMID- 7262582 TI - [Classification and nomenclature of vulvar diseases]. PMID- 7262583 TI - [Point and classical evaluation of the colpocytograms in high-risk 3d trimester pregnancy]. PMID- 7262584 TI - [Effect of oxytocin on intraocular pressure]. PMID- 7262585 TI - [Condition of newborn infants from pregnancies threatened by abortion or premature labor treated by intravenous infusions of 10% ethanol]. PMID- 7262586 TI - [Clinical evaluation of newborn infants delivered of elderly primiparae]. PMID- 7262587 TI - [Treatment of uretero-vaginal fistulas]. PMID- 7262588 TI - [Acute pancreatitis in advanced pregnancy, labor and puerperium]. PMID- 7262589 TI - [Multiple aneurysms of the pancreatic arteries in pregnancy]. PMID- 7262590 TI - [7-year clinical experience with a spatial, bioactive copper intrauterine device (Spider Cu)]. PMID- 7262591 TI - [Effect of estrogens on the incidence of thromboembolic complications]. PMID- 7262592 TI - [Sexuality and personality]. PMID- 7262593 TI - [Effect of selected progestational hormones used for the protection of high-risk pregnancy on the clinical course, morphological changes and proliferative activity of the trophoblast]. PMID- 7262594 TI - [Our model of the apparatus for in vitro perfusion of the placenta]. PMID- 7262595 TI - [2 Doppler methods of placenta localization - comparison with the ultrasonic picture]. PMID- 7262596 TI - [Clinical usefulness of the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test in adnexitis]. PMID- 7262597 TI - [Pathological endometrial growths]. PMID- 7262598 TI - [Clinical aspects of granulosa cell tumor]. PMID- 7262599 TI - [Preliminary colposcopic evaluation of the results of treatment of pathological changes in the vaginal portion of the cervix uteri by cryotherapy]. PMID- 7262601 TI - [Unusual case of double uterus]. PMID- 7262600 TI - [Term pregnancy and spontaneous labor in a woman with giant mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary]. PMID- 7262602 TI - [Disorders of thyroid function in pregnant women and newborn infants]. PMID- 7262603 TI - [Assessment of myocardial function and the work capacity of mitral stenosis patients before and after mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 7262604 TI - [State of the regional blood flow before and after the elimination of heart septal defects]. PMID- 7262605 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of pulmonary artery stenosis]. PMID- 7262606 TI - [X-ray changes after aortic valve prosthesis]. PMID- 7262608 TI - [Choice and comparative evaluation of the treatment methods in hepatic-thoracic echinococcosis]. PMID- 7262607 TI - [Surgical treatment of bronchiectasis and chronic pneumonia in adults]. PMID- 7262609 TI - [Restorative operations on the mitral valve]. PMID- 7262610 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical procedure in nonspecific intrathoracic diseases in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7262611 TI - [Treatment of lung abscesses and abscessing pneumonias by the use of interstitial electrophoresis]. PMID- 7262612 TI - [Hyperexudation and disturbed pleural resorption capacity after hemostasis with hot gauze tampons]. PMID- 7262613 TI - [Pathogenesis and prevention of postoperative pneumonia in the remaining lung]. PMID- 7262614 TI - [Serotonin and histamine metabolism in the lungs in various types of surgical pathology and the effect of metabolic changes on the lesser circulation and intrapulmonary shunting during surgery]. PMID- 7262615 TI - [Pneumothorax in the single lung]. PMID- 7262616 TI - [Application of lymphovenous anastomosis in the biological preservation of a heart-lung preparation]. PMID- 7262617 TI - [Case of a penetrating wound of the heart and left lung by a dowel pin]. PMID- 7262618 TI - [Aorto-left ventricular tunnel with an aneurysm]. PMID- 7262619 TI - [Massive mercury aspiration into the bronchial tree in a 4-month-old infant]. PMID- 7262620 TI - [Indications for retrograde cannulation of the inferior vena cava in open-heart operations]. PMID- 7262621 TI - [Treatment of postoperative coagulated hemothorax with streptase]. PMID- 7262622 TI - [Recurrent tumor of the chest wall in a child]. PMID- 7262623 TI - Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir: a pathophysiological assessment. AB - A metabolic and physiological assessment was carried out in 14 patients who had undergone restorative proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir more than six months previously. The haemoglobin was normal in all but one and plasma electrolytes and serum albumin, calcium, phosphorus, and red cell folate estimations were normal in all. Five patients had low serum iron levels of whom one had an iron deficiency anaemia. The 24 hour faecal fat output was normal in all patients and there was no case of vitamin B12 malabsorption as judged by the Schilling test, although four patients had marginally low values. These were not associated with increased bacterial counts in the faeces within the reservoir and there was no evidence to support a diagnosis of stagnant loop syndrome. Inflammation of the reservoir mucosa was, however, associated with higher counts of aerobic bacteria than in cases where inflammation was absent. Subtotal villous atrophy or inflammation was seen in biopsies of the reservoir in six patients. The mean faecal output per 24 hours was 659 +/- 259 g and the mean reservoir volume was 330 +/- 78 ml. Mean resting anal canal pressure was significantly lower in patients with a mucous leakage per anum than in those without, while manometry of the reservoir showed no alteration of pressure over a period of one hour before and after a meal. A positive rectosphincteric reflex was observed in nine patients. PMID- 7262624 TI - Changes in human colonic mucosal-submucosal blood flow after body surface cooling. AB - Mucosal-submucosal blood flow in the human colostomy was measured by a radioisotopic washout technique. Changes in blood flow were recorded in 10 subjects after peripheral vasoconstriction evoked by surface cooling of the body. Accompanying the vasoconstriction was a rise in mucosal-submucosal blood flow of approximately 40%. An interpretation of the blood flow changes and the associated alterations in mean arterial blood pressure provide evidence for vasomotor and local regulatory control in the colostomy microcirculation. We believe, therefore that the colostomy is a suitable preparation for studying the human colonic microcirculation. PMID- 7262625 TI - Corticosteroid treatment increases parasite numbers in murine giardiasis. AB - Corticosteroid therapy is known to be hazardous in patients with occult infection but the mechanism by which the host parasite relationship is altered by steroids is not known. We have used an intestinal protozoal parasite, Giardia muris, to examine the effects of corticosteroids on the number of parasites in the intestine in the course of a primary infection. A single injection of cortisone acetate, subcutaneously, one day before oral inoculation of CBA mice with 1000 cysts of Giardia muris, resulted in significantly higher trophozoite counts in animals studied at one, two, three, four, and eight weeks post-infection, when they were compared with saline injected controls. Recrudescence of occult infection was also achieved by cortisone acetate treatment of mice which had been infected with Giardia muris eight months previously. Clinical studies are required to establish if recrudescence of occult protozoal infection is an important cause of morbidity when immunosuppressive therapy is given to patients in areas where giardiasis is endemic. PMID- 7262626 TI - Fasting motor activity occurs during a day of normal meals in healthy subjects. AB - Using a radiotelemetric technique of pressure recording which did not interfere with normal feeding, jejunal motor activity was recorded in seven healthy human subjects, who were given three hospital meals during the course of a day, and allowed ad libitum supplementary snacks. Fasting motor activity was detected during the day in five subjects, and, although its occurrence was very variable, tended to occur shortly before the next meal. PMID- 7262627 TI - Intestinal alkaline phosphatase in bile: evidence for an enterohepatic circulation. AB - The isoenzyme characteristics of alkaline phosphatase in human bile obtained from patients with gallstones have been determined by means of electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, both before and after preincubation with neuraminidase, and also by means of inhibition tests with heat, urea, and L-phenylalanine. Bile alkaline phosphatase is shown to be partly secreted by the liver cell, but partly derived from the small intestine. The presence of small-intestinal alkaline phosphatase in bile implies an enterohepatic circulation of this high molecular weight glycoprotein. The significance of this finding is discussed in relation to the mechanism whereby large protein molecules may pass across the plasma membrane of the liver cell. PMID- 7262628 TI - Chronic hepatitis type B in childhood: longitudinal study of 35 cases. AB - Clinical, virological, and histological features of hepatitis B virus infection have been examined in 35 children, aged 1 to 11 years, known to be hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers for at least six months when entering the study. Only 10 patients had a history of acute unresolved hepatitis: in the remaining cases the detection of HBsAg had been an occasional finding. Although 77% of the patients were asymptomatic, all had evidence of hepatic involvement and liver history showed the features of chronic persistent hepatitis in 18 cases and of chronic active hepatitis in 16 cases, with associated cirrhosis in two of them. One patient had only minimal histological changes. A high percentage of children with both chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis had evidence of active virus replication throughout the observation period. During the follow-up study of one to eight years (mean 3.1 +/- 1.7 years), transaminase levels became consistently normal in five patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, and inflammatory infiltrates disappeared in three of them. However, only one of these children cleared HBsAg from serum. Eleven of 16 patients with chronic active hepatitis received immunosuppressive treatment but only one of them achieved a complete and protracted remission, although active viral replication persisted. On the other hand, two of five untreated patients reached complete remission after two and three years of follow-up respectively and one of them cleared HBsAg three years later. These results would suggest the possibility of a spontaneous complete remission of HBsAg positive chronic active hepatitis in children but also raise doubts about the usefulness of immunosuppressive therapy in such patients. PMID- 7262629 TI - Ultrastructure of endocrine-like cells in lamina propria of human gastric mucosa. AB - Endocrine cells of gastric and gut mucosa are commonly thought to be present only within mucosal glands. In a previous report, we described argyrophilic cells in the lamina propria in 40% of surgical gastric specimens, using light microscopy. All these patients had chronic gastritis. Argyrophilia, however, is a non specific reaction which could occur in other than endocrine cells. The present study was undertaken to describe the ultrastructure of argyrophil cells in the lamina propria. In five patients with chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsies were taken from the fundic, intermediate, and pyloric areas of the stomach. Single and/or clustered argyophil cells were seen by light microscopy in the lamina propria of the intermediate and pyloric areas. On electron-microscopy, these cells had the following characteristics of endocrine-like cells: they were characterised by numerous electron dense granules in the cytoplasm, 100-300 nm in diameter; the cytoplasm contained poorly-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum with occasional vesicles. Immunostaining gave negative results for various gastrointestinal hormones. These ultrastructural characteristics of lamina propria cells are similar to endocrine cells of the APUD series. We conclude that endocrine-like cells occur in the lamina propria of the human stomach in the presence of chronic gastritis. PMID- 7262630 TI - Prolactin and the small intestine. Effect of hyperprolactinaemia on mucosal structure in the rat. AB - To study the mechanism for the adaptive mucosal hyperplasia which occurs independent of luminal nutrition and pancreatico-biliary secretions in isolated Thiry-Vella segments of intestine from lactating rats, and to examine the effects of prolactin on small bowel mucosal structure in the rat, we used two models of experimental hyperprolactinaemia and compared quantitative histology and several markers of mucosal mass in jejunum and ileum from control rats and from test and lactating animals. Hyperprolactinaemia, induced by perphenazine injections (5 mg/kg/day for two or seven weeks) or transplantation of four pituitary glands from donor animals to beneath the renal capsule in the recipient, was confirmed by radioimmunoassay. Proof of its biological activity was obtained by weighing the mammary pads and by demonstrating true breast hyperplasia on histological section. Median serum prolactin levels increased from 50 ng/ml in the controls to 570 ng/ml in the perphenazine treated animals and to 600 ng/ml in the pituitary transplanted rats-levels comparable with those seen in lactation (870 ng/ml). In the lactating rats, there was striking mucosal hyperplasia of both jejunum and ileum but, despite the hyperprolactinaemia, there were no such changes in villus height, crypt depth, or in mucosal wet weight, protein, or DNA/unit length intestine in the perphenazine-injected or pituitary-transplanted animals. We conclude that prolactin is not atrophic to the intestine in rats and that hyperprolactinaemia cannot explain the intestinal adaptive changes of lactation. PMID- 7262631 TI - In vitro studies on cellular and humoral chemotaxis in Crohn's disease using the under agarose gel technique. AB - The locomotor function of polymorphonuclear cells (cellular chemotaxis) and serum chemotactic activity (humoral chemotaxis) were studied in 51 patients with Crohn's disease using a method of migration under agarose gel. To study cellular chemotaxis patient's polymorphonuclear cells were challenged against normal Zymosan activated serum and humoral chemotaxis was evaluated testing the patient's Zymosan activated serum against normal polymorphonuclear cells. Cellular chemotaxis in the Crohn's disease group was normal (although 30% of the 51 patients had migration values out of the normal range), while humoral chemotaxis was significantly lower in Crohn's disease patients than in the control group. However, the value of humoral chemotaxis in the group of Crohn's disease patients treated with steroids was lower than that of patients not treated, thus accounting for the low mean value observed inthe Crohn's disease group as a whole. The present results suggest that a defective chemotactic response may occur in some Crohn's disease patients, particularly during steroid treatment. These findings might be related either to a defective generation of complement derived chemotactic factors or to the presence of circulating inhibitors. PMID- 7262632 TI - Renal failure in fulminant hepatic failure and terminal cirrhosis: a comparison between incidence, types, and prognosis. AB - Forty patients with terminal cirrhosis and 40 patients with fulminant hepatic failure-all consecutively admitted-were studied with regard to incidence, types, and prognosis of complicating renal insufficiency. Renal failure was considered present when the serum creatinine was greater than 0.20 mmol/l. Of the patients with cirrhosis 26 (65%) developed renal failure. In 15 the type was functional, in three due to acute tubular necrosis, and in eight indeterminable. Of the patients with fulminant hepatic failure 22 (55%) had renal insufficiency; of these 13 had functional renal failure, five acute tubular necrosis, and in four the type was indeterminable. In both categories of patients, renal failure was equally frequent among patients with or without gastrointestinal bleeding and with or without ascites or diuretic therapy. The biochemical tests of liver function were similar in patients with or without renal failure in both categories. The mean renal blood flow in seven unselected patients with fulminant hepatic failure was reduced in the same order as previously observed in patients with cirrhosis. In terminal cirrhosis the mortality rate was 88% in the presence of renal failure, 71% in its absence (p greater than 0.05), while the same figures in fulminant hepatic failure were 100% and 67% (p less than 0.05). The incidence, relative frequency, and prognosis of renal failure were not different in the two conditions, indicating identical pathophysiological circumstances. PMID- 7262633 TI - A newly recognized cause of low urinary estriol in pregnancy: multiple sulfatase deficiency of the fetus. PMID- 7262634 TI - Endometrioid ovarian tumors: morphology and relation to other endometrial conditions. AB - Ovarian adenocarcinomas of endometrioid type were studied by different histological and histochemical technics to determine their morphologic criteria, the development of these tumors as well as their relationship to different conditions of the endometrium. Mucin secretion was evident as was cellular polymorphism on the ultrastructural level. Surface analysis revealed an endometrium-like pattern with cells showing cilia as well as numerous microvilli, different from that of other ovarian epithelial surface tumors. Ovarian endometrial lesions showed pattern as well as occasional derangement of surface structures in histologically regular epithelium. PMID- 7262635 TI - New thermal method for evaluating vaginal blood flow. AB - The goal of this study was the development noninvasive technique for measurement of vaginal blood flow. A vaginal probe (diameter 1.84 cm; length 7.0 cm) was constructed by winding 23 m of 34-gauge enameled copper wire around a hollow cylinder of epoxy-impregnated glass wool. Resistance of the wire was 20 omega at 40 degrees C. Surface area of coil was 40.5 cm2. The temperature of the wire midway along the coil was measured continuously with a thermcouple. Temperature difference (delta T) between coil and vagina was raised by delivery of 300 mA with a resultant production of 1.8 W. In ewes treated with 1 mg estrone im., delta T fell significantly (p less than 0.025) by 90 min and (p less than 0.005) by 120 min after injection. There was a significant correlation between delta T and vaginal blood flow as measured by the radiolabeled microsphere technique. PMID- 7262636 TI - Plasma steroids and human placental lactogen level changes in late pregnancy in association with intravenous ritodrine administration. PMID- 7262637 TI - Ultrastructural studies of the mucosa of the human uterine isthmus. AB - Transmission electron microscopy and ultracytochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase were employed to compare the glands of the isthmic mucosa with those of the fundal endometrium. Examination of 40 biopsies during various phases of the menstrual cycle and in the postmenopause have demonstrated the features of this transitional mucosa. The cyclic morphologic changes in the isthmus are almost identical with those of the glands of the basalis of the corpus. Alkaline phosphatase was demonstrated consistently on the plasma membranes of the isthmic mucosa but not on those of the glands of the basalis; technical considerations may in part explain these differences. Secretory activity was found in every phase of the cycle. The data from postmenopausal patients suggest the concept of migration of the isthmic mucosa toward the corpus uteri above the internal anatomical os. PMID- 7262638 TI - Electrophoretic analysis of human endometrial proteins. AB - An analysis of the protein composition of the human endometrium was undertaken using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The peak area of a protein with a molecular weight of 48,000 was significantly elevated in the secretory compared with the proliferative endometrium, while the peak area of another protein with a molecular weight of 41,000 was significantly reduced in the late proliferative and secretory endometrium compared with the early proliferative endometrium. A third protein with a molecular weight of 26,000 was detected predominantly in the secretory endometrium. The physiological implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7262639 TI - Fear of childbirth in late pregnancy. AB - A consecutive unselected series of 139 pregnant women were personally interviewed during their 31st--33rd week of gestation concerning their feelings at the prospect of the anticipated delivery. A severe fear of childbirth was admitted by 9 women (6%), and another 23 (17%) expressed a more moderate, but still distinct fear of delivery. Fear of physical pain was not found to be a dominant contributing factor, and an augmented service for obstetrical analgesia will, therefore, not suffice to curtail the problem of fear of childbirth. Instead, fear of childbirth, if present, must be promptly identified and correctly evaluated to be adequately treated. PMID- 7262640 TI - Termination of pregnancy in a woman with hereditary antithrombin deficiency under antithrombotic protection with subcutaneous heparin and infusion of plasma. AB - Subcutaneous heparin and plasma infusion were successfully used during an induced abortion in a young woman with familial antithrombin-III deficiency and a history of severe thrombotic episodes. PMID- 7262641 TI - Calcitonin in pregnant women and in cord blood. PMID- 7262642 TI - Storage pool disease of platelets in an infant with thrombocytopenic absent radii (TAR) syndrome simulating Fanconi's anaemia. AB - This study reports the first example of 'storage pool disease' thrombocytopathia B (aspirin-like) in the family of a 4-month-old infant with thrombocytopenic absent radii (TAR) syndrome. In the infant and his father, platelet ADP and 5HT stores were normal, bleeding time was prolonged, released platelet anti-heparin activity, platelet aggregation (PA) to collagen and secondary aggregation to ADP were all significantly decreased and PA to l-epinephrine totally absent. Platelet function studies of the mother, a first cousin to her husband, were normal. This report provides further evidence to the hereditary nature of TAR syndrome. The impaired platelet function is a valuable aid in the diagnosis of TAR syndrome and Fanconi's anaemia. PMID- 7262643 TI - Platelet phospholipids in thrombocytosis due to myeloproliferative disorders. AB - Platelet phospholipids were analyzed in patients with thrombocytosis due to myeloproliferative disorders and secondary thrombocytosis. A significant increase of phosphatidylcholine together with a decrease of sphingomyelin was observed in each of the 8 patients with primary thrombocythaemia and in each of the 5 patients with excessive thrombocytosis due to primary polycythaemia. The phospholipid pattern of the 3 patients with secondary thrombocytosis did not differ from that of the normal controls. This marked difference in the platelet phospholipids may be helpful in distinguishing secondary thrombocytosis persisting for a prolonged period of time after splenectomy from previously unrecognized primary thrombocythaemia unmasked by splenectomy. The decreased sphingomyelin/lecithin ratio of platelets in primary thrombocythaemia may interfere with platelet function by increasing the fluidity of their membrane. PMID- 7262644 TI - The effects of two different dosage regimens of sulphinpyrazone on platelet function ex vivo and blood chemistry in man. AB - When sulphinpyrazone (either 200 mg q.d.s. for 7 days or 400 mg b.d.s. for 5 days) was administered to human volunteers, inhibition of platelet function was observed ex vivo. The inhibitory effect was measured by the increase in the concentration of sodium arachidonate required to cause platelet aggregation and a decrease in the biosynthesis by the platelets of malondialdehyde from added sodium arachidonate. ADP-induced primary platelet aggregation was statistically significantly inhibited only on 1 day of the two studies. The inhibitory effect did not correlate with the plasma concentrations of unchanged sulphinpyrazone nor with its sulphone metabolite but correlated with the plasma concentration of the thioether metabolite (r = 0.577, p less than 0.001). Platelet count, plasma fibrinogen, beta-thromboglobulin, urea and creatinine concentrations were not changed by the drug but there was a clinically insignificant increase in bleeding time in all but one subject. PMID- 7262647 TI - The haemophiliac in the eighties. Workshop I: Comprehensive care programme for haemophiliacs. PMID- 7262646 TI - Haemophilia in the eighties. National Status reports. PMID- 7262645 TI - The effect of sulphinpyrazone and its metabolites on platelet function in vitro and ex vivo. AB - The thioether metabolite of sulphinpyrazone is between 8 and 13 times more potent than the parent compound as a competitive inhibitor of human, guinea pig and rabbit platelet aggregation induced by sodium arachidonate. Of the other known metabolites, the sulphone is approximately equipotent and the p-hydroxy compounds are much less potent that sulphinpyrazone itself. Malondialdehyde biosynthesis from sodium arachidonate by washed human platelets and collagen-induced aggregation of all three species is also inhibited by the thioether. It is 10 times more potent than sulphinpyrazone. ADP-induced aggregation is not affected by sulphinpyrazone, its thioether metabolite, nor the other metabolites. After intravenous administration of the thioether metabolite to groups of guinea pigs the inhibitory effect on sodium arachidonate-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo was long lasting (up to 24 h). In view of the recent information about the metabolism of sulphinpyrazone to its thioether in guinea pigs, we conclude that the thioether metabolite is the substance responsible for the prolonged effect of sulphinpyrazone on platelet fuction in this species and in man. PMID- 7262648 TI - The role of paramedical personnel in the haemophilia center. PMID- 7262649 TI - The haemophiliac in the eighties. Workshop III: National haemophilia societies and WFH. PMID- 7262651 TI - [Accidents of the free time--problems and prospects]. PMID- 7262650 TI - [Infectious arthritis]. PMID- 7262652 TI - [Cryoimmunoglobulinemia]. PMID- 7262653 TI - [Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease by rectal biopsy]. PMID- 7262656 TI - [Delays in diagnosis of space occupying chiasmal lesions]. PMID- 7262655 TI - [Toxic epidermal necrolysis in adults]. PMID- 7262654 TI - [Serological and clinical response to pneumococcal vaccine]. PMID- 7262657 TI - [Fish-mouth meatotomy for meatal stricture]. PMID- 7262658 TI - [A new intestinal tube for small bowel obstruction]. PMID- 7262659 TI - [Pharmacological treatment of unstable neurogenic bladder]. PMID- 7262660 TI - [Hyaline membrane disease and congenital hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7262661 TI - [Maternal phenylketonuria syndrome]. PMID- 7262662 TI - [Myxoma--a clinical diagnostic challenge]. PMID- 7262663 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7262664 TI - [The tourniquet]. PMID- 7262665 TI - [The diagnosis of space occupying chiasmal lesions]. PMID- 7262666 TI - [The policy of immunization against poliomyelitis]. PMID- 7262668 TI - [The molecular pathology of schizophrenia]. PMID- 7262669 TI - [Colonic polyps--precancerous condition]. PMID- 7262667 TI - [The child and adolescent psychiatric clinic as a comprehensive district service]. PMID- 7262670 TI - [Osteonecrosis]. PMID- 7262671 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of lacrimal pathway lesions]. AB - The experience of a clinic dealing exclusively with lacrimal system problems is reported. 2,002 patients (2,497 eyes) were treated over the course of eight years. The great majority of patients were children under the age of 4 years. the etiology of the lacrimal dysfunction varied according to age. In infants and children under four 98% of the cases were of congenital defects. The most frequent causes in adolescents and adults was trauma, and in the elderly, inflammation. Inflammation of the lacrimal sac was more than twice as common in females, and the right side was more often affected that the left (4:3). PMID- 7262672 TI - [Extrophy of the bladder]. AB - Between 1970 and 1980 we operated on 10 patients with congenital extrophy of the bladder and attempted staged anatomical and functional closure in all cases. Currently two patients have a functioning closed bladder, four are in different stages of treatment, and four have undergone urinary diversion. The importance of functional bladder reconstruction is stressed. Though it requires long hospitalization, and complication may result, the procedure can be justified because the anomaly is so grotesque. PMID- 7262673 TI - [Detection of focal hepatic lesions by ultrasound and radionuclear studies]. AB - Sonographic and radionuclear studies of the liver were performed in 68 patients admitted for suspected hepatic lesions. In 58 (85%) both studies gave similar findings. In 29 further investigations were required for accurate diagnosis. The ultrasonographic study was accurate in 97% and the radionuclear study in 72% while the two studies together achieved an accuracy of 89%. Sonographic study of the liver may in some cases indicate the consistency of the lesion (solid or fluid filled), which is of great clinical importance. However, hepatic nuclear scan is simple and available in most medical centers, making it the procedure of choice for evaluating space-occupying lesions of the liver. PMID- 7262674 TI - [Transtracheal aspiration in pulmonary infections]. AB - Transtracheal aspiration (TTA) was performed 35 times in 33 patients with acute pulmonary infections. The indications for the procedure included pulmonary infection in immune-depressed or debilitated patients in whom the pathogenic organism could not be identified, either because of lack of sputum or suspected over-colonization of the oral cavity. The procedure was performed under full sedation with diazepam (Valium), by introducing a catheter (Intracath) through the cricothyroid membrane into the trachea, without local anesthesia. This modification markedly reduces the cough reflex and complications like subcutaneous emphysema and bleeding. Only two of our cases developed subcutaneous emphysema. The procedure enables the physician to make accurate and rapid therapeutic decisions and is recommended as a diagnostic tool. PMID- 7262675 TI - [Combination chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer]. AB - Combination chemotherapy was administered to 62 patients with metastatic breast cancer in the years 1977-9. The combination consisted of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. The average age was 52.5 years, and the range from 27-76. Complete or partial remission for a period of 11.5 months (median) was achieved in 56.5%. Among 23 cases of lung metastases 48% had partial or complete remissions, among 16 cases of lymph node metastases 81%, and among 32 cases of bone metastases, 37.5%. Of six cases of local recurrence, 33.3% had partial remissions. Among four cases of liver metastases, 50% had objective responses. Among five cases of miscellaneous metastases, all had complete or partial responses. The median survival of the complete responders was 17 months, while that of the nonresponders was only 11 months. Side effected were tolerable and no deaths were attributed to the treatment. PMID- 7262676 TI - [Treatment of recurrent ulcer with cimetidine]. AB - The most effective treatment of recurrent ulcer is re-operation, which is associated with high rates of mortality or complications, and of recurrences. Antacid treatment is disappointing. There are conflicting reports of the effect of cimetidine. We present a prospective study of 10 patients with recurrent ulcer treated with cimetidine, 1.0 g/day for six weeks, with endoscopic follow up. The ulcer healed in five after six weeks of treatment and in seven after 12 weeks, but recurred 2-8 months later. We conclude that cimetidine has a shortterm effect in recurrent ulcer and is indicated only in high risk patients. PMID- 7262677 TI - [Two stage Syme amputation]. AB - In 1843 James Syme described the amputation which bears his name. It is done in two stages and can be accomplished in the presence of wounds and infections or gangrene of the feet. The operation is of great value especially in the elderly. Patients with a Syme stump can be fitted with a strong, light, plastic prosthesis, they develop an excellent gait and the entire body weight can be borne without pain. The advantages of the Syme amputation are that the knee joint is retained and the long lever allows an almost normal gait with an energy cost only 10% above normal. The stump has a large interface for proprioceptive feed back and the prosthesis is easy to put on. PMID- 7262678 TI - [Diabetes insipidus induced by post-resuscitation hypoxia]. AB - A 13-year-old girl was admitted with meningeal signs. A lumbar puncture was followed shortly by cardiorespiratory arrest. In spite of intensive resuscitation she remained comatose and severe polyuria diagnosed as diabetes insipidus appeared. The differential diagnosis of dehydration and polyuria in patients after cardiorespiratory arrest and resuscitation should include hypothalamic injury causing diabetes insipidus. PMID- 7262679 TI - [Infantile rumination]. AB - In a 3-month-old baby with recurrent vomiting, infantile rumination syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of the typical behavior, absence of any physical or radiological findings and failure of pharmacological treatment. The therapeutic approach, which consisted of daily visits to the clinic by the mother and effective psychological support by the pediatrician and the nurses, caused prompt improvement and indicated the importance of diagnosis and treatment in the ambulatory clinic. PMID- 7262680 TI - [Eosinophilic granuloma affecting long bones in children]. AB - Destructive bone lesions in long bones associated with onion like periosteal reaction was found in two girls. Diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma was followed by bone biopsy which indicated eosinophilic granuloma. The radiological appearances of osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, congenital syphilis, Caffey's disease and metastases of neuroblastoma are similar. Bone biopsy is mandatory for correct diagnosis. PMID- 7262682 TI - [Humeral fracture caused by arm wrestling]. AB - Humeral shaft fractures may occur as a result of arm wrestling ("Indian wrestling," "iron arm"), a contest in which the antagonists sit face-to-face, grip hands with their elbows on a table, and try to force the opponent's arm back. A case of this type is reported. PMID- 7262681 TI - [Acute recurrent suppurative thyroiditis in childhood]. AB - Acute suppurative thyroiditis in children is very rare and has been reported in only six cases. We describe a 4 1/2 year old girl who presented with acute suppurative thyroiditis of the left lobe. All thyroid function tests were normal but the radioisotope scan showed decreased activity over the upper pole of the left lobe. The child was treated with massive doses of antibiotics and gradually recovered. Three years later she presented with exactly the same findings in the left lobe of the thyroid. Thyroid function tests were again normal but repeated radioisotopic scan showed decreased activity over the left upper pole. Again she recovered gradually under massive antibiotic treatment. A follow up scan showed great improvement with almost complete recovery of activity in the left lobe. PMID- 7262683 TI - [Electroshock as a therapeutic tool]. PMID- 7262684 TI - [The use of transtracheal aspiration in the bacteriological diagnosis of pulmonary infection]. PMID- 7262685 TI - [Conservative surgery in tubal pregnancies]. PMID- 7262686 TI - [Testicular biopsy for early detection of malignant tumor]. PMID- 7262687 TI - [Febrile convulsions in childhood: new horizons]. PMID- 7262688 TI - [Principles of treatment of acute arterial occlusion]. PMID- 7262689 TI - [Pemphigus herpetiformis--a new variant of pemphigus disease]. PMID- 7262690 TI - Assessing social services in nursing homes. PMID- 7262691 TI - Assessing functional abilities of elderly outpatients. AB - There is an important and necessary distinction to be made between the delivery of medical services and the furnishing of comprehensive health care. Both medical service (or that which makes life possible) and comprehensive health care (or that which makes life worthwhile) directly enhance the self-esteem and functional ability of elderly patients. In programs of care for the elderly, practitioners must develop an understanding of the impact that various body systems as well as the social system have on the patient if the programs are to be effective. This study has attempted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the functional capacity of elderly patients seen in the General Medicine Outpatient Clinic at the University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City. Implications drawn from this multidimensional functional assessment have led to recommendations for appropriate service delivery along with a better understanding of how the elderly function and what they need. Assessment techniques such as OARS questionnaire used in this study are invaluable in helping caregivers understand and plan for the comprehensive health care needs of the elderly. As more programs make use of data derived from assessment procedures like the one described here, the overall quality of life for the elderly should improve. PMID- 7262692 TI - Community Care Program for the elderly. PMID- 7262693 TI - Discharge-planning: key to the future of hospital social work. PMID- 7262694 TI - Social work consultation in long-term care facilities. PMID- 7262695 TI - Mastectomy: a review of psychosocial research. PMID- 7262696 TI - Attitudes of social workers toward peer review. PMID- 7262697 TI - Integral glycopeptides isolated from rat liver plasma membrane. PMID- 7262699 TI - Demonstration of glycoproteins in sections of GMA embedded nasal glands of the rat. AB - A method has been developed for the demonstration of neutral and acidic glycoproteins in and for preparing autoradiographs of rat nasal glands embedded in JB-4 embedding kit. PMID- 7262698 TI - Evaluation of germ cells development in gonads of human fetuses and newborns. AB - Germ cells development at particular stages of gonad differentiation during the period of fetal intrauterine life were investigated. The study was performed on 101 ovaries obtained from 76 fetuses and neonates. The earliest ovary obtained was from a 12-week old fetus, the oldest one was from a full-term fetus. The examination of germ cells was based on the analysis of the morphology and enzymatic activity. The morphology of the cells was studied by the use of light and electromicroscopy. In germ cells development three forms were distinguished: gonocytes, oogonia and oocytes. Gonocytes were observed in all the ovaries analyzed. They were found mostly among cells covering the gonad. Basing on the difference in their size, shape of nucleus and cytoplasm gonocytes were divided into older ones and younger ones. In the ovaries of fetuses, as early as the 14th week of the intrauterine life, oogonia were observed. Their fairly regular shape, abundance of cytoplasm and large nucleus, often with nucleolus, made their observation possible even in light microscopy. In the cytoplasm of regularly differentiating oogonia organelles were more numerous than in gonocytes. Oocytes constituted a more differentiated form of germ cells. In comparison to the cells surrounding them, they had a larger size, were rounded in shape and had a centrally located nucleus. In the cytoplasm separated into the surrounding space was observed. In a large number of different germ cells signs of degeneration were found. The study has confirmed that irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, all forms of germ cells are present in the fetal ovaries and that the differentiation continues throughout the whole period of intrauterine life. PMID- 7262700 TI - Surface coat of plasma membrane of L-1210 lymphoid leukemia cells. A cytochemical study. AB - In the plasma membrane surface coat of lymphatic cells L 1210 the negatively charged residues are distributed all over the membrane and are due mainly to neuraminic acid, as revealed by neuraminidase digestion followed by cationized ferretin (CF) binding. They bind eagerly to CF but not all of them bind ruthenium red (RR). In these cells RR seems to reveal rather hyaluronic acid residues, as suggested by hyaluronidase digestion. Basing on the known characteristics of CF one can calculate that neuraminic acid residues are grouped in assemblies including no more than 32 of them and spaced from 20 to 60 nm. The hyaluronic acid residues seem to be dispersed more irregularly. The membrane constituents bearing concanavalin A receptor are distributed in assemblies as well the distances between which may range up to 350 nm. After applying osmium ferrocyanide and tannic acid reactions the surface coat appears as a continuous layer what indicates that the contrasted molecules are distributed at distances below the practically achieved resolving power of the microscope used. PMID- 7262701 TI - Swim-stress induced changes of rat adrenal catecholamine level depending on metabolic state and different ambient temperature. AB - The simultaneous influence of swim and thermal stress on catecholamine (CA) content in rat adrenal medulla was investigated histofluorimetrically in satiated and 24 h fasted rats. It was found that the increase of adrenal CA synthesis rate occurs in both fasted and satiated rats in state of hypothermia after the swimming at 20 degree C and in the hyperthermia caused by swimming at 47 degree. Similar release-induced increase of adrenal CA synthesis rate was observed after the swimming performed at 25 degree C only in fasted, but not in satiated rats. This increase was associated with the better physical condition and the less marked hypothermia in fasted animals compared to the satiated ones. The ambient temperature of 4 degree C causing the extreme hypothermia in both groups of animals failed to cause the CA synthesis acceleration, evoking the evident CA exhaustion in adrenals. The possibility of hypothermia-induced impairment of acetylcholinergic regulation of CA synthesis in adrenals--have been suggested. The different results concerning the body temperature, physical condition and the adrenal CA level obtained in fasted and satiated rats exposed to swim-stress at 25 degree C and 37 degree C have been discussed on the basis of the possible influence of metabolism rate on the adrenergic reaction to stress. PMID- 7262702 TI - The effect of ethylmercury-p-toluenesulphanilide on the neurosecretory hypothalamic-hypophyseal system. AB - The effect of Ethylmercury-p-toluenesulphanilide on the neurosecretory function of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal system has been studied. The p toluenesulphanilide of ethylmercury is a pesticide with fungicidal properties. The poison has been administered intragastrically for 10 days at a daily dose of 4 mg. The results of experiments presented herewith have shown that ingestion of EMTSA lead to an accumulation of neurosecretory material in the nerve cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei as well as in those of the neurohypophysis. In spite of the increased content of neurosecretory substances in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal system, the secretory cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei did not show any features of enhanced secretory activity. Basing on the observations made in this study an assumption was raised that the intragastric poisoning by EMTSA exerted an inhibitory effect on the release of ADH from the neurosecretory system. Intoxication by EMTSA induced only negligible degenerative changes in neurocytes of the hypothalamic nuclei. PMID- 7262703 TI - Endocrine cells in human cardial glands. AB - The presence of argentaffin cells (possibly of endocrine nature) in the human cardiac mucosa has been reported. The nature of these cells has not been characterized further. Biopsies of cardiac mucosa taken immediately distal to esophageal epithelium were studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically in seven healthy volunteers. Of 62 ultrastructurally-examined endocrine cells 21 % were enterochromaffin cells (EC) of the gastric type, 13 % were enterochromaffin (EC2) cells, 56% were enterochromaffin-like (ECl) cells and 10 % were D1 cells. All endocrine cells studied were of the "closed" type, which never reached the lumen of the cardiac glands, being separated from the lumen by the cytoplasm of mucous cells. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed using antibodies to gastrin, glucagon, somatostatin, VIP, secretin, motilin, pancreatic polypeptide, insulin and substance Pl Studies were performed simultaneously on human pancreatic, pyloric and duodenal tissue. Positive reactions were obtained for all antibodies on human tissue. Cardiac glands endocrine cells gave negative reactions for all hormones studied. In conclusion, human cardiac mucosa contains a relatively large number of endocrine cells. The function of these cells remains to be determined. PMID- 7262704 TI - [Application of a shuttle avoidance schedule in rats to evaluate a drug-induced auditory impairment (author's transl)]. AB - In attempts to study drug-induced auditory impairment we measured the auditory threshold in rats, using the shuttle box method. The auditory threshold with physical impairment of ears was also measured. The sensitivity of the rats to the auditory response was decreased to about 15dB in cotton-stuffed ears and to about 20dB in pierced eardrums. In this experiment, we used drugs known to be ototoxic; dihydrostreptomycin sulfate, kanamycin sulfate, neomycin sulfate and ethacrynic acid. With successive administration of each drug, the auditory sensitivity in rats decreased. This shuttle box method is easily facilitated and the auditory threshold of many rats can be measured over a short period. This approach may be a useful method for screening ototoxic drugs. PMID- 7262706 TI - [Effect of 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one (1-phthalazinyl) hydrazone (budralazine) on intra- and extracranial circulation in cats (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of budralazine, a new antihypertensive drug, on regional circulation in various sites of brain and extracranial skeletal muscle and skin in curarized, artificially respirated cats were studied using the thermoelectrical method. Budralazine produced an increase in blood flow in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Effects of the drug on blood flow in the hypothalamus and amygdala were inconsistent. Budralazine produced an apparent increase in muscular blood flow, whereas the drug did not consistently alter dermal blood flow. Budralazine produced a mild and sustained fall in blood pressure, particularly after the repeated administration. Thus, the action of budralazine seems to be mainly one of a smooth muscle relaxant effect. The mode of action of the drug seems to differ from that of papaverine or hydralazine. PMID- 7262705 TI - [Interaction of phenothiazinic anti-inflammatory agent, protizinic acid, with the biopolymers: Inhibitory effects on functions of platelets (author's transl)]. AB - Two types of phenothiazinic anti-inflammatory agents, protizinic acid (PZA) and metiazinic acid (MZA) were examined using 1) heat denaturation test, 2) heat induced erythrocyte lysis, 3) several platelet functions, 4) model membrane systems containing the same phospholipids and cholesterol compositions as in platelets. PZA and MZA were inhibited with heat denaturation in a similar manner seen with BSA and heat-induced erythrocyte lysis, and effects were more potent than indomethacin (IM). PZA showed inhibitory effects similar to MZA on ADP or collagen-induced platelet aggregation. However, in arachidonic acid (AA)-induced rabbit platelet aggregation, PZA had a more potent effect, similar to effects seen with IM and more potent than those of MZA. PZA inhibited the lethal effect of AA in rabbits at concentrations lower then MZA. To determine the sites of action, we examined the effects on uptake and release reactions of 3H-serotonin. PZA and MZA did not affect the uptake reaction but did reduce the release of serotonin to a greater extent than seen with IM. The tested drugs had little effect on the platelet aggregation in vivo. To investigate the interaction of these drugs with lipid bilayers, we used liposomes as a model membrane, of which the lipids compositions were the same as that of platelets. The tested drugs showed inhibitions of the liposome aggregation with addition of 6 mM Ca2+, in a dose dependent manner and similar to findings in the drug-platelet system. In this experiment, PZA had a more potent interaction with lipid bilayers than did MZA. These results suggest that interactions of PZA with the platelet membrane may be the origin of the PZA-induced inhibition of the platelet aggregation, in addition to the effect on the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. PMID- 7262707 TI - [Effects of diltiazem on cardiac function in the dog (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of diltiazem (Dil) on cardiac function were studied in the anesthetized open chest and heart-lung preparation of dogs. In the anesthetized dog, Dil (0.03 0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) increased max dp/dt and raised left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Dil also produced an increase in cardiac output and coronary blood flow, but produced a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate (HR). In the cardiac denervated dog (bilateral stellectomy and vagotomy), the increase in max dp/dt caused by Dil, although not so remarkable was apparent. Therefore, the effects of Dil on cardiac function were examined in the heart-lung preparations of the dog, in which arterial pressure (AP) and venous pressure (VP) were kept constant (spontaneously beating) or AP, VP and HR were kept constant (atrial pacing). In these preparations Dil (about 1 mg/l) decreased max dp/dt and raised LVEDP. The cardiac function curve (relationship between stroke work and LVEDP) was shifted rightward by Dil. On the other hand, max dp/dt was increased when VP was increased under constant AP and HR. This increase in max dp/dt was also found under the influence of Dil. These results suggest that the augmentation of max dp/dt induced by Dil in the open chest dog is due both to a neural reflex in response to the systemic hypotension and to the Starling mechanism produced by increase in venous return, though Dil itself has a negative inotropic property. PMID- 7262708 TI - [Topical anti-inflammatory activity of dexamethasone 17-valerate (author's transl)]. AB - The anti-inflammatory activity of dexamethasone 17-valerate ointment (DV-17, 0.12%) was investigated by topical application in mice and rats, and the effects compared with those of dexamethasone (DX, 0.12%), betamethasone 17-valerate (BV 17, 0.12%), beclomethasone 17,21-dipropionate (BE, 0.025%) and hydrocortisone 17 butyrate (HC, 0.1%) which were prepared with the same ointment base. DV-17 inhibited markedly the superficial inflammation such as increased vascular permeability induced by intradermal injection of histamine or bradykinin in rats and edema induced by a drop of croton oil into the mouse ear. DV-17 also inhibited significantly rat paw edema induced by carrageenin, yeast, nystatin and mustard. The inhibitory activity of DV-17 on those acute inflammatory responses was similar to that of DX and BV-17. In the inhibitory activity on carrageenin induced paw edema, DV-17 was less potent than that of DX when given orally, however was similar to DX in topical application. DV-17 also inhibited granulation tissue proliferation by subcutaneous paper disk implantation and nontreated foot swelling in adjuvant arthritic rats, but the inhibitory activity of DV-17 on the inflammation of these distant areas was lower than that of DX. On the other hand, systemic effects such as decrease in weight of adrenal or thymus and body weight loss were most evident in the case of DX and lower with DV-17. DV 17 prolonged wound healing and inhibited the delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by picryl chloride. The activity was equivalent to that of DX and BV-17. From the above results, it may be considered that DV-17 possesses potent anti inflammatory activity, whereas it has fewer side effects and is a useful glucocorticoid for external application. PMID- 7262709 TI - [Pharmacological studies of antispasmodics. III. Antispasmodic activity of 3-(di 2-thienylmethylene)-5-methyl-trans-quino-lizidinium bromide (HRS-902) on smooth muscle organs and its organ selectivity (author's transl)]. AB - Pharmacological activities of HSR-902, a new antispasmodic agent, in gastrointestinal tract, biliary and urinary systems were compared with those of atropine, butylscopolamine bromide, timepidium bromide, prifinium bromide and diphemanil methylsulfate. In isolated smooth muscle organs (stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon, gall bladder and urinary bladder), anti-acetylcholine activities of HSR-902 were the most potent among these agents but its activity in urinary bladder, similar to findings in the cases of atropine and diphemanil methylsulfate, was relatively less potent than that of prifinium bromide, timepidium bromide and butylscopolamine bromide. Regarding the contractions of stomach, jejunum and ileum, which were induced by vagus nerve stimulation or acetylcholine, and on the ileum spontaneous motility, antispasmodic activities of HSR-902 were almost equal to or somewhat more potent than those of atropine, and its activities were more potent than those of prifinium bromide, timepidium bromide, diphemanil methylsulfate and butylscopolamine bromide. On the gall bladder pressure and the counts of perfusion through Oddi's Sphincter, these agents exhibited a similar inhibition and enhancement, respectively. In the case of urinary bladder contractions induced by pelvic nerve stimulation, these agents exhibited a weak inhibition. The inhibitory effect of HSR-902 was relatively less potent than that of other agents except atropine, which had little effect. HSR 902 was similar to atropine in this so-called "atropine-resistance". PMID- 7262710 TI - Role of organic acid metabolism in the biosynthesis of peptide ergot alkaloids. AB - Regulatory mechanism of primary metabolism responsible for the biosynthesis of peptide ergot alkaloids was proposed on the basis of experimental results from the production phase of Claviceps purpurea (FR.) Tul. in parasitic and saprophytic cultures. The production-phase metabolism is characterized by uncoupling of glycolysis from the citric acid cycle and by a break in this cycle at the level of the 2-exoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. This regulation is due to the inhibition by citrate and malate, i.e. the final products continuously taken up from the external medium. The rate of the intact reaction steps of the citric acid cycle is therefore not limited by the actual acetyl-CoA or oxaloacetate pool. The regulation also leads to an excessive synthesis of acetyl CoA, 2-oxoglutarate and oxaloacetate, which represent the key metabolites of primary metabolism, and to their utilization in the biosynthesis of peptide alkaloids. PMID- 7262711 TI - Surface layers of Xanthomonas malvacearum, the cause of bacterial blight of cotton. AB - Mureins were isolated from two strains of Xanthomonas malvacearum, a phytopathogenic bacterium causing bacterial blight of cotton. The purity of murein was 70-95 % and the amino acid and amino sugar components (glutamic acid, alanina, meso-disminopimelic acid, muramic acid and glucosamine) were present at the molar ratio of 1:1.9:1:l.12.0.85. The bacterium secreted a copious amount of slime which masked itd surface structure. The slime was composed of densley interwoven network of filamentous material originating from the cell surface and extended into the medium without and discernable boundary. The slime was secreted through surface layers pores by force, giving the effect of a spray or jet. Slime also played a role in chain formatin of baterial cells. PMID- 7262712 TI - Effect of cultivation conditions on cellulase activity of higher fungi. AB - Production of cellulases was followed in 4 cultures of higher fungi (Agrocybe cylindracea, Len tinus tigrinus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Ramaria formosa) cultivated on various substrates under different conditions. Stationary cultivation was more suitable than the submerged one. Addition of carboxymethy cellulose (CMC) was more suitable than addition of glucose. The cellulase activity in the presence of CMC was higher after a 12-d cultivation than after a 23-d period. Pine sawdust was most effective of all the substrates tested for the production of cellulases. Beech sawdust and wheat or rye straw were also useful. The addition of yeast autolyzate decreased the production of cellulases. A culture of L. tigrinud was the best producer. PMID- 7262713 TI - The effect of phytohormones produced by Arthrobacter sp. on the phosphatase activity in plant roots. AB - Phytohormonal activity (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins) was tested in the supernatant of a culture of Arthrobacter sp. Crude extract of the phytohormonal fraction was used as substrate for the growth of Lactuca sativa seedlings. Treating with bacterial hormones resulted in an increased plant develop- ment. Furthermore, a sharp increase of the acid phosphatase activity was observed in the roots. PMID- 7262714 TI - Selection of yeast strains for ethanol production from inulin. AB - Of the many yeast species capable of fermenting inulin, some can produce sufficient amounts of ethanol from the substrate, in particular Kluyveromyces fragilis and Torulopsis colliculosa. The results indicate the feasibility of producing ethanol from inulin-rich plants, such as Jerusalem artichoke. PMID- 7262716 TI - Influence of pH on spore aggregation of Streptosporangium brasiliense. AB - Spores of Streptosporangium brasiliense aggregated at acidic pH's and were dissociated into free spores by changing to neutral or alkaline pH's. This finding was utilized in preparing uniform spore suspension, in which simple filtrations gave rise to consistent preparation of free spores at alkaline pH. PMID- 7262715 TI - Effect of industrial emissions with high sulphur dioxide content on thiobacilli and oxidative activity of spruce forest soils towards inorganic sulphur compounds. AB - Effect of industrial emissions with high sulphur dioxide content on the upper horizons of spruce forest soils in NW Bohemia was investigated. The content of sulphates, oxidative activity towards sulphide, elemental sulphur, thiosulphate and sulphite, concentration and species representation of thiobacilli in horizons F, H and A in regions highly affected by emissions (two localities) and in regions relatively less influenced (three localities) were followed. In the affected areas the sulphur content in the soil was higher, the species representation of thiobacilli was similar and their concentration was higher, the ability of the soil to oxidize thiosulphate was inhibited and oxidation of elemental sulphur was stimulated. The oxidation of sulphide and sulphite was not significantly affected by the emissions. Changes caused by emissions could be observed only in horizons F and H and did not involve horizons A. PMID- 7262717 TI - Transport properties of two extremely thermophilic species of Thermus. AB - Thermus flavus and T. ruber grew optimally at 75 and 60 degrees C, respectively, but transport of monosaccharides (D-quinovose) and amino acids (2-aminoisobutyric acid) had optima about 20 degree C lower. Both transports were active, inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol but hardly at all by uranyl(2+) ions. Several transport systems are apparently involved with each class of compounds. Preincubation with glucose curtailed subsequent transport severely. Practical cessation of transport below 35 degrees C may be associated with the rather uniform composition of membrane lipids where iso- and anteiso-C15 and C17 acids are practically the only components. PMID- 7262718 TI - Natural regulation of rhesus monkey populations in Kathmandu, Nepal. Rhesus monkey groups near Kathmandu, Nepal, show demographic patterns of intrinsic population stability. AB - In Kathmandu valley, two populations of rhesus monkeys which are totally protected, have shown relatively stable numbers over a period of several years. Population stability within heterosexual troops appears to have been maintained through lower birth rates and slightly higher infant and adult mortality rates than in comparable rhesus populations in India which have been subject to trapping. Although the behavioral and physiological mechanisms by which these demographic changes occur are not known, behavioral observations on these populations suggest several possibilities. These data represent the first indication of possible mechanisms for population regulation in natural rhesus populations. PMID- 7262719 TI - Diet choice among red colobus (Colobus badius rufomitratus) on the Tana River, Kenya. AB - The feeding behaviour of a group of red colobus was observed in gallery forest beside the Tana River, Kenya, between October 1973 and December 1974. Food availability was quantified from tree enumeration data and a monthly sample of phenology, 22 species contributed to the annual diet but there was great variation in selection among them. Young leaves were not only the most important items in the diet, but also the most consistently selected in relation to their availability. Compared to red colobus studied at rain-forest sites in Uganda and Tanzania, those at the Tana have a much less diverse diet and eat more fruit but less mature leaf. The hypothesis is discussed that more use can be made of mature leaves in rain forest, because there are more species from which to choose. PMID- 7262720 TI - Anatomy and systematic significance of the penis of the pygmy chimpanzee, Pan paniscus. PMID- 7262721 TI - Adult male positioning in baboon progressions: order and chaos revisited. AB - Evidence of nonrandom positioning among adult males is crucial for a protection theory of the spatial organization of baboon progressions. In a recent study it was suggested that systematic positioning of troop members other than mothers and infants is so slight and rare that progressions may be regarded as essentially random. This suggestion depends upon debatable methodological points presumably downgrading previous findings of nonrandom order. Reanalysis of data from this study revealed numerous analytical and statistical problems, as well as serious calculation and other errors, and showed that the findings are consistent with results of the present and previous research. Adult males tended toward the front or back of progressions, a tendency which was intensified in potentially dangerous situations. Dominant males were disproportionately more often frontward and subordinate males rearward. Nonrandom order, which was found for a variety of circumstances at high levels of statistical significance, was unusually general in that it occurred in 6 studies, 7 troops, 2 species, and 5 locations. Such generality is consistent with a protection theory postulating phylogenetic underpinnings of a sociospatial organization which allows an advanced primate to adapt to terrestrial coexistence with predators. PMID- 7262722 TI - The changing style of symptomatology of hysteria. AB - The symptomatology of 412 hysteric women was investigated and analyzed at the Neuropsychiatric Clinic, Tohoku University Hospital, from 1952 till 1973, according to the study stages, 1952-1957 and 1958-1973, and the patients' residence, both rural and urban. Withdrawal with taciturnity was seen in 27% of them and stubbornness with egocentricity in 14% as the frequent personality traits. Physical distress was significantly a frequent problem in the recent rural patients. Among symptoms insomnia and tinnitus have decreased. Mutism and deviated attitude were seen more frequently in the rural patients. Astasia-abasia and syncope have increased. Generally speaking, hysteric symptomatology seemed to have become of tranquil style recently and the rural patients showed more frequently nonverbal expression in terms of mutism and deviated attitude than the urban patients. PMID- 7262723 TI - Hysteria and urbanization. AB - The statistics of neuropsychiatric clinics in two general hospitals in Sendai City were analyzed to investigate the relation between the incidence of hysteria and the urbanization in terms of population density. The proportion of hysteric women to total female patients had decreased in both clinics in recent years. The incidence of hysteric patients seemed to decrease in almost all population sizes of their residential administrative units except for in a couple of population sizes. The incidence of hysteric patients was relatively high in the satellites of the Sendai metropolis. It might be a loss of traditional sociocultural ties in the urbanizing process that increases the risk of hysteria. PMID- 7262724 TI - A contribution to the course and prognosis of the atypical psychosis. AB - The course and the prognosis of atypical psychosis were discussed on 58 cases. In contrast to schizophrenics, the relative length of admission was quite short. It seemed there was a certain difference in the clinical pictures between the late and early onset groups. We recognized two contradictory tendencies to repeat similar pictures to a certain extent on one hand and to indicate age-specific properties on the other in the course of psychosis. In a few patients, a compensatory myth formation was observed. And finally, some patients began to display moderate defect symptoms, but the group with defects could be differentiated from the group without defects from the genetical as well as from the clinical viewpoints. PMID- 7262725 TI - On adolescent manic-depressive psychosis. Long-term observation and follow-up study. AB - Discussions were held on the clinical properties and the prognosis of 13 adolescent manic-depressive cases. The precipitating factors were significantly frequent in the first episodes. In general, the successive episodes seemed to become somewhat longer as far as the mixed or atypical episodes were concerned. In addition, the cycle-duration and the length of intervals seemed also to become longer along with an increase in age. Besides the atypicalness in clinical pictures, we emphasized on the frequent changes in phase-components even within a few months. The course in most cases was bipolar, while there were a few cases that indicated relatively long remissions lasting for several years after frequent episodes. Only one case was diagnosed as atypical psychosis in the later stage. PMID- 7262726 TI - Psychiatric patients at internal medicine clinics. AB - Pure psychiatric patients at an internal medicine clinic were studied to obtain the basic information about this relatively-unexplored "frontier" of psychiatry. Among 527 fresh cases examined in two years, 8.2% were psychiatric ones; neurotic cases comprised 4.0%, depressive cases 2.1% and schizophrenic cases 1.7%. About half of the pure psychiatric patients came with hypochondriacal complaints, psychotic or neurotic. The most typical cases in terms of age and sex were a male neurotic in his 30's and a female schizophrenic in her 40's. More psychiatric patients revisit the clinic than do medical patients. The revisiting rate was highest among the depressives. Some Japanese and overseas data were compared with the author's data. PMID- 7262727 TI - The group mean SEP of normal human subjects. AB - The following conclusions were deduced from the SEPs of 100 normal human subjects, whose mean age was 21.80+/-1.62. It was confirmed that the waveform of a Group Mean SEP and of a Group SD each converges to a waveform different from a flat horizontal line. The waveform of the Group Mean SEP consisted of 12 components, and was roughly tetraphasic within 500 msec in latency. Large discrepancies were found in the later components between the Group Mean SEP and the Group Schematic SEPs reported by others, although some coincidences were shown in the early components within 100 msec in latency. The results derived from the Scaled SEPs, which were converted from the (unscaled) SEPs, indicated the possibility of a reduction of the data by the Amplitude Scaling. PMID- 7262728 TI - The correlation between electroencephalographical and neuropathological findings in acute stage of cerebrovascular disease. AB - A study was conducted on the electroencephalographical and neuropathological correlations on 96 cases of cerebrovascular disease in order to elucidate the reasons why EEGs are often misleading in the diagnosis of location and size cerebrovascular lesions. The study showed that EEG findings are particularly misleading when the lesions were in the locations as follows: 1) subcortical deep infarctions, 2) cortical infarctions occupying a small proportion of cerebral convexity, or involving an entire hemisphere, or affecting the right hemisphere, 3) basilar thrombosis and infratentorial hemorrhage (primary or secondary to supratentorial lesions). The pathophysiological significance of these results has been discussed. PMID- 7262729 TI - An autopsy case of Tay-Sachs disease--with special reference to axonal swellings of the central nervous system and freeze-fracture replication studies of the membranous cytoplasmic bodies. AB - The following is a report of the light and electron microscopic findings of the axonal swellings of the central nervous system and the freeze-fracture replication studies of the membranous cytoplasmic bodies in Tay-Sachs disease. The axonal swellings were observed mainly in the subthalamic nucleus, thalamus, globus pallidus, red nucleus, dentate nucleus, inferior olivary nucleus, nucleus gracilis, spinal anterior nucleus and so on. They contained many electron dense bodies and neurofilaments. Typical membranous cytoplasmic bodies were not seen in these axonal swellings. The freeze-fracture replication studies demonstrated that the membranous cytoplasmic bodies were composed of parallel stacks or concentric whorls of lamellae at an interval of 5 to 6 nm, with membrane-associated particles of 8 to 10 nm diameters on their protoplasmic face. It was postulated that the membranous cytoplasmic bodies constituted various compound lipids including the GM2-ganglioside and some proteins. PMID- 7262730 TI - The metabolic fate of [14C]coumarin in baboons. PMID- 7262732 TI - Three-generation reproduction study of rats ingesting 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the diet. PMID- 7262731 TI - Studies on liver microsomes of female rats fed purified diets varying in fat content and with and without propyl gallate. PMID- 7262733 TI - Rat teratology study of orally administered tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate. PMID- 7262734 TI - Studies on the metabolism of calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate in the rat, mouse, guinea-pig and man. PMID- 7262735 TI - The dose-dependent metabolism of [14C]methylene chloride following oral administration to rats. PMID- 7262736 TI - Size-distribution analysis of respirable particulates in cosmetic aerosols: a methodological comparison. PMID- 7262737 TI - Effect of diet on oestrogen bio-assay in mice. PMID- 7262738 TI - Monographs on fragrance raw materials. PMID- 7262739 TI - Subchronic effects of guar gum in rats. PMID- 7262740 TI - Testicular responses of rats and dogs to cyclohexylamine overdosage. PMID- 7262741 TI - The effect of water-borne nitrate on salivary nitrite. PMID- 7262742 TI - Induction of tumours of the urinary system in F344 rats by dietary administration of sodium o-phenylphenate. PMID- 7262743 TI - Toxicity of Penicillium italicum to laboratory animals. PMID- 7262744 TI - Studies of the arylhydroxylation of monochlorophenylureas in the isolated perfused rat liver. PMID- 7262745 TI - A method for determining the maximum tolerated dose for in vivo cytogenetic analysis. PMID- 7262746 TI - Non-carcinogenic response to coumarin in Syrian golden hamsters. PMID- 7262747 TI - Multi-stage dose-response models in carcinogenesis. PMID- 7262748 TI - 2-acetylaminofluorene and the Weibull model. PMID- 7262749 TI - In utero exposure in chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity studies. PMID- 7262750 TI - Evaluation of the mutagenicity of sorbic acid-sodium nitrite reaction products. PMID- 7262751 TI - Running symposium. AB - The running symposium has been designed to demonstrate to the reader the basic mechanics of the running gait, as compared to normal walking. It is imperative in order to understand the nature of the problems seen in runners to understand the forces and motions which are occurring in the various joints of the lower extremity, so that as much as possible, treatment can be based upon accurate anatomical diagnoses, rather than empiric treatment. The second part of this symposium discusses the nature of the injuries seen in the lower extremity in runners. Suggestions are made as to how to manage the problems as well as their prevention. Finally, a comment is included on the nature of the running shoe and on shoe selection. PMID- 7262752 TI - Metatarsalgia: a clinical review of diagnosis and management. AB - Metatarsalgia is the symptom of pain in the region of the metatarsophalangeal articulations. In a careful analysis of 98 patients who presented with complaints of forefoot pain, 23 distinct diagnoses were made as to the etiology of their pain. These diagnoses were grouped under primary metatarsalgia, secondary metatarsalgia, and pain under the forefoot. Specialized tests, such as stance phase cholesterol-crystal force plate analysis and intraarticular or digital nerve block, are helpful in determining the diagnosis and the likelihood of effective treatment. PMID- 7262753 TI - Giant cell tumor and aneurysmal bone cyst of the talus: clinicopathological review and two case reports. AB - Two cases of giant cell tumor and aneurysmal bone cyst of the talus were analyzed with a review of eight cases from the literature. This anatomic setting represents a distinct clinical and roentgenographic entity with a less aggressive natural history than the more common sites. All lesions presented a characteristic radiographic involvement of the head and neck of the talus. Eight of ten lesions were treated by curettage, with or without bone grafting, and healed. Two underwent partial en bloc resection. None developed late fracture, recurrence, avascular necrosis, or metastases. We concluded that a giant cell tumor or aneurysmal bone cyst when located in the talus may be difficult to differentiate but tends to exhibit a less aggressive biological behavior and a more favorable prognosis than the more classical proximal lesion. Talectomy is not indicated in the primary treatment. Curettage with or without bone graft has a high success rate. Cryosurgery should be reserved for a recurrent lesion. PMID- 7262754 TI - [Unable to work = "sick"?]. PMID- 7262755 TI - [Internist therapy of cholelithiasis]. AB - Medical treatment of gallstones as an alternative to cholecystectomy has been established in recent years. Considering certain conditions--i.e. radiolucent cholesterol gallstones, functioning gallbladder, stone size, patients' cooperation--it is possible in up to 70% to dissolve gallstones completely or partially, using a therapeutic regimen of chenodeoxycholic or ursodeoxycholic acid at a dosage of 10 mg or 15 mg/kg body weight respectively. Side effects as diarrhoea or slight increase of serum transaminase levels are harmless and occur only with chenodeoxycholic acid. Therapeutic success may be controlled either by ultrasound or by cholecystography. Recurrence rate after dissolution is about 20%. Stones of the common bile duct can be treated easily by endoscopic papillotomy (EPT). In many cases the stone has to be removed with a basket; however, it may pass spontaneously. Certain indications for this procedure are obligatory. In the first place there is the patient over 50 years of age with the gallbladder already removed. PMID- 7262756 TI - [A very promising treatment method in psoriasis. Short-term anthralin therapy]. AB - New found knowledge concerning the penetration kinetics of anthralin induced us to modify the treatment of psoriasis. The new method was compared in a right-left test with the classical anthralin therapy in 9 patients. After that the entire body was treated with the short-term therapy on 45 patients with severe psoriasis. METHOD: once a day 1%-anthralin-5%-salicylic acid vaseline was rubbed over all parts of the skin and after 10 minutes washed off thoroughly. Within a few days the dosage was increased up to 3% anthralin and the application time up to 20 minutes if possible. The treatment was continued on the level according to the individual tolerance. With the new method there was an earlier healing process and the time of treatment was therefore shortened. Moreover after a few days of hospitalization it was possible to continue the treatment at home with cooperative patients, able to go on with their work. Short-time anthralin therapy seems to optimate the classical method. PMID- 7262757 TI - [Therapy in neurology. Part 8: Diagnosis and treatment of vertigo]. AB - Acute vertigo episodes in patients suffering from Meniere's disease, vestibular neuropathy or ischaemic attacks in the vertebrobasilar system are reason for hospitalization of these patients, if possible in intensive care units. Improvement of microperfusion, administration of antivertigenous drugs and digitalization are most important. Usual clinical symptoms are spontaneous nystagmus and ataxia, seen only if the patient is able to be out of bed. Cranial computed tomography, x-ray examinations of the skull and an internal check-up are basis for differential diagnosis and treatment is necessary. In order to exclude an extracranial stenosis an ultrasonic examination of the orbital vessels is necessary. In case of psychogenesis therapy must be performed by a psychiatrist. PMID- 7262758 TI - [Initial trials using Hexabrix in excretory urography in childhood]. AB - Three contrast media--Hexabrix Conray EV and Tele-brix 300--used for urography in children were compared in a randomized controlled study; Hexabrix showed a significantly better contrasted collecting system of the kidneys. Therefore feeding of the babies and small children after injection of the contrast medium and conventional tomography were almost superfluous. There was no significant difference in side effects. Hexabrix is expensive, but in general it is possible to reduce the dose of contrast per examination without lack of information. Compared to Amipaque Hexabrix has the great advantage that it is available ready for injection. PMID- 7262759 TI - [Risk analysis in nuclear technics. German risk study of nuclear power plants]. AB - Starting from risk analyses previously performed in nuclear engineering is given. The steps, by which conceivable sequences of damage within the plant and in its environment were simulated in the "German Risk Study" are shown. To record a broad spectrum of possible damage sequences, a total of about 600 000 different simulations were performed. The extent of damage was expressed as the number of deaths from acute radiation syndrome (early damage) and from radiation induced cancer (late damage). The results determined are represented as distribution functions of the damage and as expectation values of damage. They are compared with the nature incidence of cancer and with the extent of damage from other technological fields. PMID- 7262760 TI - [Treatment of urinary tract infections in paralytics with spinal cord lesions. Effect and tolerance of co-soltrim (lidaprim)]. AB - Lidaprim, a bactericidal chemotherapeutical substance (combination of sulfametrol and trimethoprim), was administered to 29 patients with transverse lesions of the cord with paraplegia and urinary tract infections. The substance was tested in view to its antibacterial activity and its tolerance. Concerning therapeutic effects and tolerance the results were noteworthy. PMID- 7262761 TI - [Depression after divorce]. PMID- 7262762 TI - [Focal infections in the head and neck region. An interdisciplinary problem]. AB - The concept of focal infection is still valid. Besides hematogenous spread of bacteriae and their toxins also the proliferation of infection along the mucosal inner surfaces of the upper aero-digestive tract may be the origin of remote secondary manifestations. The diagnostic of chronic tonsillitis or occult sinusitis is sometimes difficult. While the ENT-specialist is responsible for both the detection of a focus in the head and neck region and its safe removal, the interrelationship between a focus and its actual secondary disease must be diagnosed by the inquiring discipline (general practitioner, internist, pediatrician etc.). The indication of surgical interventions, therefore, is an interdisciplinary task. PMID- 7262763 TI - [Hirsutism. Diagnosis and therapy]. AB - Increased hair growth represents a severe problem for many women. In rare cases an adrenal or ovarian cause can be detected which can be treated specifically. Drug-induced hirsutism and other rare syndromes must be excluded. Idiopathic hirsutism is to be assumed if no clear-cut evidence for ovarian or adrenal disease can be found. Idiopathic hirsutism can be treated symptomatically with anti-androgens. However, after anti-androgen withdrawal hirsutism often recurs, necessitating additional cosmetic therapy. PMID- 7262764 TI - [Urologic emergencies in general practice. Part 4: Diagnosis and therapy of urogenital infection bladder, lower urinary tract and male genitalia)]. PMID- 7262765 TI - [Protein glaucoma, a formerly unknown form of glaucoma]. AB - As a possible reason for a secondary glaucoma generally an unphysiological aggregation of proteins or blood in the aqueous humor is discussed. A positive Tyndall-phenomenon shows an increase of proteins in aqueous humor. We were able to demonstrate earlier that a negative Tyndall-phenomenon does not exclude this as well. In this contribution examples are given that disruption of vessel membranes in retina and uvea lead to an increase of low molecular proteins in aqueous humor. Contrary to current knowledge we found that an overtaxing of active flow mechanisms by these additional proteins can cause a so-called protein glucoma. PMID- 7262766 TI - [The effect of muscle relaxants under general anesthesia. A "transient-state concept" of muscle relaxant-receptor interaction]. AB - Different aspects of clinical neuromuscular blockade were studied in 892 patients under general anaesthesia by means of mechanomyograms of the hand muscles after ulnar nerve stimulation. Several phenomena and results could not be explained satisfactorily by the occupation theory of drug-receptor interaction. PMID- 7262767 TI - [Energy requirement and nitrogen balance with a new fully balanced formula diet]. AB - Eight healthy men received a formula diet over a period of 12 days. The acceptance of the diet was good. Gastroenterological side-effects were rarely noticed. Stool frequency was 0.5/day. To keep weight constant a caloric need of 24 +/- 3 cal/kg/BW was necessary. The nitrogen balance was regulated by feeding 59 g protein, 53 g fat and 216 g carbohydrate. The average intake of nitrogen amounted to 8.9 +/- 1.7 g/day. A daily nitrogen loss of 6.96 +/- 1.87 g/day was noticed. PMID- 7262768 TI - [Catastrophe medicine in general practice]. PMID- 7262769 TI - [Rescue and emergency medicine. Legal aspects]. PMID- 7262770 TI - [Depression - somatization - suicide. Part 1: Psychopathological introduction]. PMID- 7262772 TI - [Results of surgery of metastases]. AB - We resected pulmonary metastases in 88 patients. The five-year survival rate was 42%, the ten year rate 26%. Results after resection of hepatic metastases in 52 patients were less favourable. The five year survival rate was 25%, the ten year rate 18%. The indications for surgical treatment are given and prognostic conclusions drawn. PMID- 7262773 TI - [Treatment of vocal cord paralysis]. PMID- 7262771 TI - [Urologic emergencies in general practice. Part 5: Pain in urologic diseases]. PMID- 7262774 TI - [The status of colonoscopy in a surgical practice]. AB - Efficacy of the method is discussed based on 662 colonoscopies. Indications, instruments and technique as well as results are described, complications are analyzed. The value of the so-called primary coloscopy is discussed. PMID- 7262775 TI - [Obstipation caused by calcium containing antacids?]. PMID- 7262776 TI - [Defect coverage in the surgical therapy of advanced skin tumors]. AB - In the operative treatment of skin cancer large excisions are often necessary. The malignant melanoma must be excised primary with the 3--5 cm safety margin depending on the localisation. Therefore a primary wound closure is not possible, and the wound must be closed in a second step with skin grafts or regional flaps. Temporary grafting of the large excision-wound with a synthetic skin substitute (Epigard) is useful to observe recurrences and to bring the wound in a good condition for grafting. In the years 1979/1980 74 malignant melanomas and 157 basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas were treated in this manner. PMID- 7262777 TI - [Heart insufficiency]. PMID- 7262778 TI - [Cytological endometrium diagnosis with Prevical]. PMID- 7262779 TI - [Roentgen contrast media as the cause of spinal arachnoiditis]. PMID- 7262780 TI - [Determination of fetal lung maturity using the Shake Test by Clements and the L/S ratio]. AB - By analysing 214 samples of amniotic fluid from the 9th to 44th week of gestation fetal lung maturity was determined by the shake test (Clements) and by the L/S ratio (Gluck). 20 women had repeated amniocenteses. The results of both tests coincided in 73%. In 90 out of 144 newborns the tests took place within 24 hours before delivery. In these cases lung maturity was predicted exactly in 74% by the L/S ratio and in 46% by the shake test. No child with a test result indicating lung maturity developed a respiratory distress syndrome. On the other hand the lung often was mature with a negative test. These false negative results, the cases with respiratory distress syndrome and the test result in a pregnancy with an anencephalic fetus are discussed. PMID- 7262781 TI - [Drug effects on embryo and fetus. Part 1: Teratogenic and toxic drug effects]. PMID- 7262782 TI - [Autologous replacement of the cervical esophagus. Free jejunal interposition in a microsurgical technic as a replacement of the esophagus with function studies in an experiment]. AB - The replacement of the esophagus using multiple-stage procedures and requiring a double cavitary approach has been burdened with a high post-operative lethality rate. A replacement of the esophagus using a free autogenous jejunal interponate by avoiding a double-cavitary approach has a lower lethality rate. The hitherto grafting procedures using macrosurgical vascular transplantation techniques were burdened with such a high thrombosis rate that no competitive alternative has ensued. Furthermore, different publications did not clarify whether or not the autogenous intestinal graft retained its peristaltic or, as Nakayama et al. (1964) reported, changed into a rigid and inflexible conduit composed of connective tissue. In a collective of 18 Beagles the esophagus was replaced using a autogenous jejunum graft. The vascular anastomoses between the interponate and neck vessels prepared using microsurgical techniques and the esophago-jejunal anastomoses were prepared using a one-row multiple layer suture. No animal died as a result of the operation. Necrosis of the interponate due to microthrombosis in the vascular anastomoses did not occur. The peristalsis began after opening the arterial vessel. Peristalsis remained even after one year. Histological investigations showed that the intestinal villi degenerate but the musculature and ganglion cells from the myenteric plexus remain intact. The interponate does not become fibrous. In approximately 1/3 of the cases, periluminal scar-tissue growth caused a stenosis of the interponate. This complication was resolved by surgical revision. PMID- 7262783 TI - [Therapy of chronic obstructive respiratory syndrome with the new theophylline preparation Afonilum retard]. PMID- 7262784 TI - [Old wine in new skins - on the subject of alcoholism]. PMID- 7262785 TI - [Systematic of gynecologic morphology II]. PMID- 7262786 TI - [Serologic rubella diagnosis. The determination of minimal rubella antibody levels]. AB - 75 serum specimens from different individuals protocolled negative (1 : less than 10) by routine rubella-hemagglutination inhibition test were found to contain rubella specific antibodies by means of a commercial rubella-ELISA-test kit in 38,7%. From the 3 groups assayed: pregnant women, routine medical inspection of applicants and medical inspection of children were positive: 19%, 33%, 47%, respectively. PMID- 7262787 TI - [Adynamic symptoms--paresthesias--, tetraparesis with respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7262788 TI - [Health insurance in work disability. Evaluation of the present and future position in Switzerland]. PMID- 7262789 TI - [Growth and metastasis of malignant tumors]. AB - The high life expectancy of today seems to be an important factor for the increasing frequency of malignant disease, which is observed nowadays: the patient lives long enough to develop cancer. Increased knowledge about growth and spread of malignant tumors allows a better understanding of tumor pathogenesis and is a prerequisite for differentiated and effective therapy. Besides it is necessary to improve the early detection rate of cancer and to select and control high risk groups. PMID- 7262790 TI - [Urologic emergencies in general practice. Part 6: The acute scrotum]. PMID- 7262791 TI - [Infrared coagulation. A simple method for the treatment of benign diseases of the cervix uteri]. AB - Infrared coagulation is a simple new method in gynecology. The application in treatment of benign lesions of the cervix uteri is presented in this paper. The infrared coagulator and its mode of action are demonstrated. Indications, preconditions and results are discussed. PMID- 7262792 TI - [Hemorheologic examinations in pregnancy]. PMID- 7262793 TI - [Pulmonary nitrofurantoin syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7262794 TI - [Fever, anemia, abdominal pains]. PMID- 7262795 TI - [Interval treatment with local corticosteroids and bases]. AB - Three therapy models under the application of fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% (Jellin) were compared with each other. Conventional therapy: application of Jellin ointment or cream alone, n = 24; daily interval therapy: alternating application (morning and evening) of Jellin ointment or cream and their bases, n = 26; weekly interval therapy: application of Jellin ointment or cream for 4 days followed by a 3-day application of the corresponding base, n = 21. 71 patients participated in the investigation. 21 suffered from psoriasis, 26 from chronic eczema and 24 from neurodermatitis. The duration of treatment was 2--3 weeks. The results show that the daily interval therapy is equivalent to the conventional mode of application and that both treatment methods were superior to the weekly interval therapy. Therapy was stopped in 2 patients of the weekly interval therapy-group and in one patient of the daily interval-group because of insufficient effect. Intolerance reactions were noticed in one patient of the conventional therapy group. The interval therapy leads--as expected--to a reduction of side reactions and to lessening of the corticosteroid amount applied. PMID- 7262796 TI - [Treatment of vaginal yeast infections. 2% Clotrimazole vaginal cream in 3-day therapy and 1% econazolenitrate vaginal cream in 7-day therapy; clinical comparison]. PMID- 7262797 TI - [Hodgkin's disease--change of the therapy concept?]. AB - The sometimes too schematically handled therapeutic proceeding in Hodgkin's disease today has been replaced by a more individual strategy. Due to stage oriented therapeutic regimes today 80-90% of all Hodgkin's disease patients may reach survival periods of 5 years. Therefore the possibility of a definite cure has been achieved. Even in the advanced stages III and IV of the disease, half of the patients is supposed to reach a 5-year survival time. However, one has to observe with great attention in the future, how the gained duration of life as a consequence of combined chemo- and radiotherapy may be abolished by side-effects and risks due to the aggressive therapy. PMID- 7262798 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis and the neighboring organs]. AB - The close topographic relationship between pancreas and the functional entity of the upper abdominal organs causes in about 20 percent of the patients with chronic pancreatitis alterations of the surroundings. In 531 patients compression of the common bile duct was found in 18.1%, duodenal stenosis in 17.7%, pleural thickening in 6.6%, splenic vein thrombosis in 5.1%, gastric outlet obstruction in 3.2% and colonic stenosis in 0.4%. In primary asymptomatic chronic pancreatitis these local complications may be the first hint to pancreatic disorders. Occasionally these changes demand operative interventions or alleviate the decision for resectional therapy. PMID- 7262799 TI - [Hypergammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 7262800 TI - [Myocardial rupture--a predictable infarct complication?]. PMID- 7262801 TI - [The ultrastructure of intestinal amyloidosis]. AB - Amyloidosis nearly always goes along with manifestations of the gastrointestinal tract. It can mimic a variety of different clinical syndromes. Pathogenetically amyloidosis leads to an organ insufficiency due to local infiltration of amyloid or to replacement of tissue with amyloid fibrils. Characteristic ultrastructure is composed of an irregular network of fibrils without any periodicity. The topographic position gives an explanation for the intestinal symptoms. Involvement of the intramural nerve system is responsible for motility disorders like diarrhoea or constipation. In case of perivasal infiltration hemorrhage and inflammatory changes can be found, as well as malabsorption syndromes, when subepithelial amyloid layers are present. Electron microscopy therefore may contribute to the pathogenetic understanding of morphological findings in regard to clinical symptoms. PMID- 7262802 TI - [The relation between gout and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7262803 TI - [Diseases of the esophagus, pancreas and large intestine in pregnancy]. PMID- 7262804 TI - What's fair? Financing health services raises ethical questions. PMID- 7262805 TI - How some states weather high cost of hospital care. PMID- 7262806 TI - Setting an example: VA hospitals restrain costs. PMID- 7262807 TI - The challenge of prevention. PMID- 7262808 TI - Redefining the federal/state health partnership. PMID- 7262809 TI - Begin with the spirit. PMID- 7262810 TI - [Role of sodium ion on the cholesterol solubilization in bile in relation to cholesterol gallstone formation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7262811 TI - A family study of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7262813 TI - The effect of surgical therapy on covariate-survival relationships in patients with mitral valve disease. AB - The survival of 72 medically treated and 177 surgically treated mitral valve disease patients is compared for subgroups defined by 15 baseline variables. Overall, surgically treated patients had significantly better survival than medically treated patients, even though surgically treated patients were more symptomatic and had more exercise and hemodynamic impairment. The profile of a patient most likely to experience improved survival with surgical therapy would consist of one or more of the following: functional class III or IV, arterio venous oxygen difference greater than or equal to 5.4 ml/100 ml, mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than or equal to 26 mm Hg, mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure greater than or equal to 19 mm Hg, severity index = 3, left ventricular mass greater than or equal to 125 g/m2, ejection fraction = 31 to 50%, and end diastolic volume greater than or equal to 103 ml/m2. PMID- 7262812 TI - [The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship in the assessment of left ventricular function (author's transl)]. AB - This investigation was undertaken to determine whether the left ventricular (LV) end-systolic pressure and end-systolic volume, as measured under clinical conditions, are linearly correlated and whether the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (P-Ves) is a meaningful parameter in the assessment of left ventricular function. The studies were performed in twelve patients (eleven with coronary artery disease and one with congestive cardiomyopathy) during which autonomic reflex responses were minimized by propranolol (0.15 mg/kg i.v.) and atropine (1 mg i.v.). Three left ventricular angiograms (at rest, after 10 mg isosorbide dinitrate and during an infusion of 2 mg/min methoxamine) were obtained from which the three respective P-Ves data points were calculated and subjected to linear regression analysis (r greater than or equal to 0.96). The slope k of the linear P-Ves relation correlated most closely with the resting ejection fraction (EF) as an exponential function (r = 0.94). The end-systolic pressure could be interchanged with the peak systolic pressure which is more easily obtained. The theoretical end-systolic volume at end-systolic pressure = 0 (V0) was not related to the resting ejection fraction. Post-extrasystolic potentiation, resulting in an acute inotropic incrementation, shifted the P-Ves toward similar volumes and steepened its slope. PMID- 7262814 TI - [Clinical relevance of steady-state conditions and heart rate increase during exercise in the detection of pathologic hemodynamics in patients with prosthetic aortic or mitral valve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7262815 TI - [Studies on catabolism of ether lipids. -Solubilization of alkylglycerol monooxygenase from rat liver microsome (author's transl)]. AB - The author has investigated the condition for solubilization of alkylglycerol monooxygenase from rat liver microsome. The solubilization of this enzyme has been done by using Triton X-100, because this enzyme is considered to be relatively stable in the presence of 0.5% Triton X-100. It is suggested that there are factors leading to decrement of enzyme activity during the procedure of DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Since the enzyme activity is markedly stimulated by phosphatidyl choline or catalase in the enzyme system obtained by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, it is presumed that the enzyme activity is markedly reduced because of removing the H2O2-scavenging system as well as the lipids, which are necessary to activate or stabilize the enzyme, from the microsomal enzyme system. Key words: Alkyglycerol monoxygenase, Solubilization, Microsome. PMID- 7262816 TI - [Juxtaglomerular cells after removal of the submandibular glands in male mice: quantitative electron microscopy (author's transl)]. AB - The juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney were studied qualitatively and quantitatively on the 7th and 49th day after removal of the bilateral submandibular glands at 60 days of age in male mice. In normal mice, the juxtaglomerular cells contained numerous specific granules. The Golgi apparatus was not well developed and the rough endoplasmic reticulum was generally flat and short in profile. At 7 days after extirpation of the submandibular glands, the specific granules were sparsely distributed, the Golgi apparatus was relatively prominent, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum was dilated and increased in amount. At 49 days after operation, the specific granules were increased in number, and the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum were as prominent as at 7 days. The volume ratios of the nucleus, specific granules, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were examined by quantitative electron microscopy. After operation, the volume ratio of specific granules was significantly decreased at 7 days, but was increased at 49 days. The volume ratios of Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum were significantly increased at both 7 and 49 days after operation. The volume ratios of nucleus and mitochondria showed no significant difference from those in normal and sham-operated mice. The volumes of adrenal cortex and medulla at 49 days after operation were also examined by quantitative microscopy. They were not significantly different from those in normal mice. PMID- 7262817 TI - [A study on cancers in the gastric remnant -from standpoint of radiology (author's transl)]. AB - A radiologic study was done retrospectively of 51 cases with carcinoma of the gastric remnant. In each case, the gastric remnant was resected in Cancer Institute Hospital from January 1952 to December 1978, 1) Descriptive breakdown of the cases: a. 8 cases had benign lesions at the initial gastrectomy. b. 13 cases were found to have recurrent of cancer in the stump or metastasis. c. 16 cases had multiple cancerous lesions. d. 2 cases showed cancer in the reconstructed stomach after excision of esophageal carcinomas. 3. 12 cases had uncertain background information. 2) Chief complaints: Four out of the six cases of early cancer were asymptomatic. In the advanced carcinomas, 22 cases (60%) complained of dysphagia. 3) Period of time until re-resection and periodic examination: The period of time from the initial gastric resection until re resection was less than 5 years in 22 cases (45%) and greater than 5 years in 29 cases (57%). Thus, periodic examinations employing both x-ray and endoscopy are very important even after 5 years have elapsed since gastrectomy. 4) Radiologic examination of gastric remnant carcinomas: After gastrectomy, particularly in the early period, careful attention should be paid to hyperplastic or granulomatous changes located at the suture line of the lesser curvature and the anastomosis. The sites of remnant carcinomas were found most frequently along the sutured portion of the lesser curvature or the anterior and posterior parts of the gastric remnant in 11 cases (27.5%). Seven cases (17.5%) were found in the cardia and five cases (12.5%) in the anastomosed portion. Therefore, it is very important to perform double contrast radiographs from the left anterior oblique projection which is close to the right lie projection, and to take pictures of the sites from the lower esophagus to the cardia of the stomach. PMID- 7262818 TI - [Purification and characterization of Linoleoyl-CoA desaturase from rat liver microsomes (author's transl)]. AB - Rat liver microsomes catalyzed the oxidative delta 6-desaturation of linoleoyl CoA (C18: 2, delta 9.12.) to gamma-linolenoyl-CoA (c18: 3, delta 6.9.12.) by using molecular oxygen and NADH or NADPH as the electron donors. The antibodies against cytochrome b5 inhibited markedly the delta 6-desaturation in the intact microsomes of the rat liver, suggesting that cytochrome b5 participated in the delta 6-desaturation. These experimental results led us to the hypothesis that the delta 6-desaturation of linoleoyl-CoA followed the scheme. (See formula in text). Terminal "delta 6-desaturase" was purified from rat liver microsomes for the first time by Triton X-100 solubilization, DEAE-cellulose, CM-Sephadex and cytochrome b5-Sepharose chromatography using its high affinity for cytochrome b5. The final enzyme preparation was homogeneous when applied to sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis. delta 6-desaturase appeared as a single polypeptide of 66,000 daltons containing 49% nonpolar amino acid residues and one atom of non-heme iron. We confirmed that delta 6-desaturase differed from delta 9 desaturase, which converted stearoyl-CoA to oleoyl-CoA. The delta 6-desaturase activity required NADH (or NADPH), linoleoyl-CoA, oxygen, lipid or detergent and three enzymes, such as NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (or NADPH-cytochrome P -450 reductase), cytochrome b5, and delta 6-desaturase. The reconstituted system of these components also confirmed the electron flow represented in Scheme 1. The delta 6-desaturase activity was inhibited by iron chelators, cyanine and p chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate. In the reconstituted system of Km value for linoleoyl-CoA was 47 micro M, the maximal velocity was 83nmol/min/mg protein of delta 6-desaturase and the optimal pH was 7.0. Catalase, superoxide dismutase and t-butanol showed supportive effects on the delta 6-desaturation of the reconstituted system when purified enzymes were employed. PMID- 7262819 TI - [Studies on the activity level of the cerebral cortex by the noise exposure -- with regard to the function of maintaining concentration (TAF) and average auditory evoked response (AER) (author's transl)]. AB - Subjects were exposured to two qualitatively different kind of noise (white noise and variable noise) with the same sound pressure of 90 phon for one hour as the mental stress. Changes of the function of maintaining concentration (TAF), flicker fusion (Ff), EEG and average auditory evoked response (AER) caused by this noise exposure were analyzed. The results obtained are as follows: 1) TAF-L and TAF-D of the white noise group after the exposure significantly lowered in comparison with the values before exposure, whereas in the variable noise group they tended to lower after the exposure. 2) FF of the both noise group significantly lowered after the exposure. 3) The difference in EEG before and after exposure was greater in the white noise group than in the variable noise group. 4) In analysis of variance on each frequency band of EEG during the exposure by group, a significant difference was observed between the two groups and it was noted that the exposure to white noise greatly affected the EEG. 5) The difference in N1 latency of AER before and after the exposure was greater in the white noise group than in the variable noise group. 6) In the white noise group, a significant correlation was observed between the lowering of TAF-L and the delay of N1 latency of AER. The present study on EEG and AER is further evidence of the accuracy of the function of maintaining concentration (TAF) in measuring the mental stress. PMID- 7262820 TI - [Autonomic nervous reflexes elicited by stimulation of muscle nerves in the cat (author's transl)]. AB - The effects on the cardiac and the vesical function of electrical stimulation of muscle hind limb afferent fibers in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle were tested. Repetitive stimulation of the group III and IV muscle afferent had an excitatory effect on the heart rate through efferent sympathetic cardiac nerves and also an inhibitory effect on the micturition contraction of the bladder through efferent pelvic parasympathetic nerves. Stimulation of hindlimb muscle by algesic chemical substances such as KCl and bradykinin had similar effects on the cardiac and vesical function. PMID- 7262821 TI - [Studies of the effects of cis, cis and trans, trans-octadecadienoic acids on lipid metabolism in essential fatty acid deficient rats (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of an essential fatty acid [EFA] deficiency in male Sprague-Dawley rats and its excerbation by inclusion of trans fatty acids in the diet were observed from the level and composition of serum lipoproteins. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed from weaning diet containing all essential nutrients and 10% of a fat supplement as safflower oil (SAFF] or hydrogenated coconut oil [HCO] for 28 weeks. At the end of 28 weeks, the blood was withdrawn from the retro-ocular plexes of 4 animals of each group, and lipoprotein lipid and fatty acids were analyzed. Another 5 animals of each group were switched to a 5% supplement of ethyl linolelaidate [TRANS]. In addition, the remaining 5 animals of HCO group were switched to SAFF diet. Lipoprotein lipid and fatty acid analyses were performed on the pooled serum in each group at 3, 7 and 14 days after switching the diet, and after 21 days serum was analyzed on the individual animal of each group. The results obtained were as follows: [1] With the development of an EFA deficiency in HCO group, there was a decrease in the high density lipoprotein [HDL] and increase in the very low density lipoprotein [VLDL] plus low density lipoprotein [LDL] fraction. [2] In a switching group from the SAFF to the TRANS supplement, the level of arachidonate in the serum lipid was decreased with a corresponding decrease in HDL, whereas linoleate, at least for the initial 3 weeks, decreased only in triglyceride fraction. [3] In a EFA deficient rat [HCO group] after switched to the TRANS supplement, HDL was further decreased and increase o VLDL-LDL was progressed. Consequently, the HDL: VLDL-LDL ratio was lowered strikingly. These changes in the EFA deficiency were accompanied by a large increase in monoenoic acids and a decrease in eicosatrienoic acid converted from oleic acid. [4] The administration of SAFF diet to the EFA deficient group induced a rapid increase in arachidonate in HDL, and decrease in eicosatrienoic acid and oleic acid. These changes were accompanied by a marked decrease in VLDL LDL. It is suggested that the normal HDL might play an important role on catabolism of VLDL-LDL. These results suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acid, especially arachidonic acid rather than linoleic acid is essential to the formation and the function of HDL in the rats. PMID- 7262822 TI - [A case report of a primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach associated with dermatomyositis (author's transl)]. AB - A 54-yr-old man was admitted to Hokkaido University Hospital, complaining of fever, multiple arthralgia, edematous erythema and face and muscular weakness of extremities during the last 2 months. He was diagnosed as dermatomyositis by acceleration of ESR, elevation of GOT, GPT, CPK, aldolase, moderate increases of collagen fibers in biopsy specimen of skin and his clinical signs. Although stools were positive for occult blood, the routine radiographic examination failed to detect the bleeding site in the upper GI. tract. However, in the double contrast picture of the stomach, a very fine abnormal linear shadow was observed at the upper corpus of the lesser curvature. This linear shadow was a margin of the tumor, retrospectively. About 4 months later, abnormal pain occurred and a mass was palpable in the left lumbar region, suggesting a pancreatic tumor. He was operated on excising the tumor, but was performed only exploratory laparotomy because of the presence of intra-abdominal metastases. Death occurred 40 days after the operation and necropsy was done. The gross anatomical findings of the abdomen showed a stomach tumor as large as an infant's head and its metastases to pancreas, lymph nodes, and greater and lesser omentum. Esophageal mucosa including esophagocardiac junction was intact. Histological examination of the intragastric tumor revealed a typical squamous cell carcinoma with keratinization. According to the absence of the components of adenocarcinoma and squamous metaplastic gastric mucosa of non-cancerous areas in the stomach, it seemed likely to be a heterotopic squamous cell carcinoma. It was unknown about the precedence between the stomach cancer and dermatomyositis. There have been 11 cases of primary pure squamous cell carcinoma in the world literature since 1968, but this is the first case report of coexistence of these two diseases. PMID- 7262823 TI - Abnormal glucagon secretion in Zucker fatty rats. AB - Responsiveness of glucagon secretion to various stimuli was examined in Zucker fatty rats. Epinephrine infusion and cold exposure increased the plasma glucagon level to the same extent in fatty and lean rats, although the plasma glucose responses to these stimuli were much higher in fatty rats than in lean rats. Glucagon secretion in response to hypoglycemia due to insulin administration was markedly blunted in fatty rats. When arginine was infused, fatty rats showed enhanced secretion of glucagon and insulin, and elevation of plasma glucose as compared with lean rats. Streptozotocin (STZ)-treatment of fatty rats decreased insulin response to arginine but had no effect on exaggerated glucagon secretion. Arginine-stimulated glucagon secretion of lean rats was exaggerated by STZ treatment. From these results, glucagon secretion of fatty rats seemed unresponsive to inhibitory effects of glucose and insulin. The ventromedial hypothalamus-lesioned obese rats showed enhanced secretion of glucagon and insulin, and elevation of plasma glucose in response to arginine as observed in fatty rats. We conclude that the abnormalities of A cells in fatty rats are presumably secondary to obesity rather than caused by the fa gene. PMID- 7262824 TI - Adenylate deaminase activity in the rat. Effect of 24 hours of fasting. AB - The adenylate deaminase activity of liver, kidneys, brain, striated muscle, stomach, intestine, skin and adipose tissue of fed and 24 hours fasted rats has been studied. The level of activity of the enzyme in muscle is at least an order of magnitude higher than in other organs. Fasting induced a significant increase in the muscle adenylate deaminase activity, while in kidneys, skin, small intestine, liver and adipose tissue, significant decreases were observed and practically no changes were found in brain and stomach. The possible incidence of these changes upon the overall alpha-amino nitrogen economy of the fasted animals is discussed. PMID- 7262825 TI - The effect of acute hypercalcemia on prolactin release in man. AB - The serum prolactin response to acute hypercalcemia during calcium infusion was studied in 7 normal subjects. Prolactin, and calcium levels were determined at 30 minute intervals during the 210 minutes of the infusion. The infusion performed consisted of either normal saline at 3 ml/min for 210 minutes, or 15 mg calcium/kg at 3 ml/min for 180 minutes followed by normal saline infusion for the final 30 minutes. Calcium concentration increased from a base line of 10.0 +/- 0.26 (mean +/- SEM) to a maximal level of 13.6 +/- 0.26 (mean +/- SEM) mg/100 ml, in response to calcium level in response to normal saline infusion. Prolactin level decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) from 9.5 +/- 1.45 (mean +/- SEM) to 3.7 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM) ng/ml at 180 minutes. PMID- 7262826 TI - Secondary hypothyroidism in severe non thyroidal illness? AB - In severely ill patients of an intensive care unit overt peripheral thyroid hormone deficiency was noted in 22 of 33 subjects. The TRH-test was performed in 7 of these 22 patients and was negative in all. Thus, the laboratory data suggest secondary hypothyroidism. The laboratory diagnosis, however, could not be supported by clinical signs probably due to the short period of observation and to the strongly elevated body temperature of the respective patients. The pathogenetic mechanism is not clear. However, all patients developing secondary hypothyroidism were treated with dopamine and/or glucocorticoids, compounds known to inhibit pituitary TSH release and most of the patients had septic fever. A persistently "hypothyroid state" (total T4: 23 +/- 15 nmol/l, free T4: 6.1 +/- 3.2 pmol/l, total T3: 0.28 +/- 0.22 nmol/l, S.D.) is associated with a very poor prognosis. In view of the negative effects of a hypothyroid state, substitution of thyroid hormones must be considered in this situation. PMID- 7262827 TI - Dynamics of inhibition of iodothyronine deiodination during propylthiouracil treatment of thyrotoxicosis. AB - Serum 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and propylthiouracil (PTU) were measured before and at short intervals for 8 hours after oral administration of 200 mg PTU to six patients with untreated thyrotoxicosis. The study was repeated on the 4th day of treatment with 200 mg PTU every 8 hours. Six other patients with untreated thyrotoxicosis were studied after a single administration of 800 mg PTU. The results indicated that PTU inhibition of T4 deiodination to T3, evaluated by the fall in serum T3, was of the same duration as the PTU inhibition of rT3 deiodination, evaluated by the increase in serum rT3. After 200 mg PTU inhibition was maximal for only a few hours, and there was no cumulative effect of PTU during the first four days of treatment, when 200 mg PTU was given every 8 hours. After 800 mg PTU the full effect was maintained for the 9 hour period studied, after which serum T3 had fallen to 65 +/- 2% of the pretreatment level (mean +/- SE). Thus, to obtain a permanent full effect of PTU on iodothyronine deiodination during the treatment of thyrotoxicosis it is necessary to use large doses or frequent administration. PMID- 7262828 TI - Plasma lipoproteins during anti-androgen treatment by estrogens or orchidectomy in men with prostatic carcinoma. AB - The incidence of cardiovascular disease is lower in women than in men, but is raised in men with prostatic cancer treated with estrogens. Changes of the plasma lipoproteins are related to the development of ischaemic cardiovascular disease and can be brought about by hormonal treatment. We have therefore studied plasma lipoproteins during estrogen treatment and after orchidectomy. 16 patients with prostatic carcinoma were treated with ethinyl estradiol daily by mouth and polyestradiol phosphate intramuscularly once a month. 15 other patients were treated by bilateral orchidectomy. Cholesterol (C), triglyceride (TG), and phospholipid (PL) concentrations in plasma and in the very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions were determined before starting treatment and 2 weeks and 8 weeks later. In the estrogen treated group the mean plasma C concentration decreased by 14 and 10%, while the mean HLD C increased by 23 and 53%, and the mean LDL-C decreased by 24 and 25% at 2 and 8 weeks respectively. The mean PL concentration in HDL increased by 36 and 79% while that in LDL decreased by 12 and 18%. The mean plasma TG concentration was increased by 36 and 46%, mainly reflecting a rise of TG in the HDL-LDL fraction. Orchidectomy created only slight changes of plasma lipids. After 8 weeks the mean C concentration in plasma was raised by 10% and the mean PL concentration by 11%, owing to a 13% rise in the mean HDL-PL level. The changes in plasma lipoprotein pattern created by high doses of estrogens are mainly thought to protect against the development of atherosclerosis. The slight changes that take place after orchidectomy can hardly affect the incidence of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7262830 TI - Advantages and drawbacks of AVP radioimmunoassay in plasma and urine of normal subjects. PMID- 7262829 TI - Serum lipoproteins in diabetes secondary to chronic calcific pancreatitis. PMID- 7262831 TI - Bromocriptine reduces diarrhoea in medullary thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7262832 TI - Adenylate cyclase of human aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma. PMID- 7262833 TI - Metabolic effects of short term food deprivation in the rat. AB - The effects of food deprivation for up to 24 hours on plasma metabolic parameters in the rat have been studied. Liver dry weight and glycogen content dropped significantly from 3 hours of food deprivation onwards. Total muscle glycogen supplied about as much glycosyl residues or precursors as did the liver. Plasma glucose, urea, lactate and total and essential amino acids decreased significantly from 3 hours of fasting onwards. Glycerol, free significantly from 3 hours of fasting onwards. Glycerol, free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate showed significant increases with fasting. Alanine, serine, arginine, threonine, aspartate plus asparagine and proline showed significant decreases with fasting. Several other amino acids showed almost no change with fasting. Lysine, leucine plus isoleucine and taurine showed biphasic changes in their concentrations with a minimum at 6 hours and a transient recovery at 12 hours of fasting Essential amino acids decreased more than the non essential ones. With fasting there is a shift in ammonia disposal with lower urea concentrations as nitrogen is better conserved. The results seem to suggest that there is a constant release of substrates, through liver and peripheral tissue proteolysis, that is counteracted by differential utilization of amino acids during fasting. PMID- 7262834 TI - The effect of diabetes on leucine and fucose incorporation into PNS myelin proteins. AB - Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication associated with diabetes mellitus. Segmental demyelination and other pathological changes frequently accompany loss of sensory amd motor nerve function. Morphological changes seen in diabetic nerve myelin may be a result of altered Schwann cell metabolism under hyperglycemic conditions. Using both alloxan and streptozotocin - induced diabetic rats of 2, 4 and 8 months duration of diabetes, metabolic changes in isolated sciatic nerve myelin were assessed using a double-label in vitro incubation system. Incorporation of 3H-fucose and 1-14C-leucine into myelin was determined per microgram protein. Specific activities of incorporated protein precursors were compared as a ratio of fucose to leucine. Using the Newman-Kuels test for multiple comparisons, statistically significant increases were found in the incorporation ratios of diabetic rats at 2 and 4 months of diabetes when tested against age-matched controls. PMID- 7262836 TI - In vivo effect of 13 Leu motilin on the electric activity of the rabbit sphincter of Oddi. AB - Myoelectrical activity of the sphincter of Oddi was studied in 15 anaesthetized and laparotomized male rabbits, before and after injection of various doses of 13 Leucine Motilin (13 L Motilin), a biological and structural analogue of natural motilin. It can be concluded that 13 L Motilin provoked an increase of the sphincter of Oddi spike activity with doses ranging from 0.1 to 1.6 x 10(-6) g/kg. This effect had begun one minute after the injection, reached its maximum at the second minute and lasted for fifteen minutes. The action of 13 L Motilin is dose-related between 0.2 and 0.6 x 10(-6). PMID- 7262835 TI - "In Vitro" utilization of labelled esterified fatty acids and glyceride glycerol from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in rat adipose tissue. AB - Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins) were labelled "in vivo" by injecting (U-14C)-glycerol and (9-10(n)-3H)-palmitate in female rats. After purification, these lipoproteins contained most of the 3H in esterified fatty acids and the 14C in glyceride glycerol of neutral lipids. This preparation was incubated "in vitro" in the presence of either isolated adipocytes or epididymal fat pad pieces from male rats. With the incubation, a certain proportion of both 3H-esterified fatty acids and 14C-glyceride glycerol disappeared from the medium, the effect being greater when the incubations were performed with adipocytes than with fat pad pieces. Much greater radioactivity appeared in the lipids of adipocytes than in those of fat pad pieces at the end of 60 or 120 min incubation, and the incorporation of 3H being relatively greater than that of 14C. With the latter isotope, the label appeared not only in the glyceride glycerol fraction but also in the free and esterified fatty acids. Although it is known that lipoproteins lipase activity is lower in adipocytes than in fat pad pieces, our results indicate that, in the former preparation, the enzyme may be more accessible for the substrate. These data also demonstrate that glycerol released by the hydrolysis of lipoprotein glycerides may be partially incorporated into lipids by adipose tissue. PMID- 7262837 TI - Effects of cytochalasins on several actions of growth hormone on muscle metabolism. AB - The different metabolic processes stimulated by growth hormone (GH) in diaphragm muscle from hypophysectomized rats may all be initiated by a common GH-sensitive event, or may be independent responses of muscle cells to GH. To assess these possibilities, cytochalasins were used to modify early events initiated by GH, and the influence of such modification on several responses to GH was compared. Diaphragm muscle was first exposed to cytochalasins, then to GH, and two responses to GH were measured simultaneously in each tissue. The same incubated without cytochalasins. Cytochalasins B alone (2 microgram/ml) produced its typical suppression of the transport of the nonmetabolizable sugar, 3-0 methylglucose (3-OMG). Although GH (5 microgram/ml) stimulated sugar transport in the presence of cytochalasin B, the response to GH was significantly attenuated. However, in the same tissues, neither basal nor GH-stimulated incorporation of leucine into muscle protein was affected y cytochalasin B. When the stimulation by GH of the transport of the sugar, and of alpha-amino-isobutyric acid (AIB), a non-utilizable amino acid, were compared, only the sugar transport response was altered by cytochalasin B. However, this did not result merely from interference with the cellular capacity for sugar transport, since cytochalasin D also attenuated the stimulation of 3-OMG transport by GH without itself altering basal transport. The stimulation of leucine incorporation by GH was unaffected by cytochalasin D in the same tissues. Similarly, vinblastine (10(-5)M), a disrupter of microtubule structure, attenuated the stimulation of sugar transport by GH without affecting the stimulation of protein synthesis. Since one response to GH was consistently attenuated by agents which modify cell and membranes integrity, but two other responses to GH were unaffected in the same tissues, these findings suggest that the various actions of GH are independent early in the sequence of events by which GH stimulates muscle. PMID- 7262838 TI - Free fatty acid inhibition of exercise-induced growth hormone secretion. AB - In order to investigate the effect of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) elevations on growth hormone (GH) secretion in humans, paired physical exercise (ph.e.) tests were performed in nine untrained healthy volunteers of both sexes. Ph.e. tests were accomplished on a bicycle ergometer under a moderate work load (450 kpm/min x 40 min). On one of two test days, subjects were given 60 gr of a soy bean oil emulsion (Intralipid) 3 hr before, followed by two 50 mg heparin bolus injection, administered 10 min before and 15 min after the start of the exercise. Ph.e. in the control group induced a clear-cut elevation of GH levels which peaks at 40 min. On the other hand Intralipid plus heparin induced FFA elevation, completely block GH secretion elicited by exercise (p less than 0.05 at 20 and 40 min). There also seems to be a threshold level of FFA (3 mEq/l) above which GH suppression was complete. On the contrary, below this level GH blockade was rather inconsistent. FFA elevation has been able to block all the GH stimuli tested so far, and this data support a role of plasma FFA in GH regulation. PMID- 7262839 TI - Analysis of cholecystokinin peptides by HPLC and bioassay. PMID- 7262840 TI - Testicular protein synthesis during the response to subtoxic levels of cadmium. AB - Male rats received one injection of a 'subtoxic' amount of Cd2+ (9.2 mumol/kg body weight) as cadmium chloride and the testes were removed 24 h later. Homogenate fractions of tests that had been freed of ribosomes were tested for their activity in cell-free protein-synthesizing systems using excess exogenous rat liver ribosomes and mRNA. A marked decrease in the incorporation of free [14C]-phenylalanine into peptide was observed with the testes preparations from the cadmium-treated rats. The results indicated that about half of the effect of cadmium was due to decreased aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity and the other half was due to decreased binding of [14C]-phenylalanyl-tRNA to ribosomes. The results are discussed relative to the contrasting results obtained in kidney and liver preparations. PMID- 7262841 TI - DSM-III case studies. PMID- 7262842 TI - The medical model and psychiatry's tasks. AB - Psychiatry's status as a medical discipline stems in large part from its adherence to the medical model. The controversy over whether psychiatry should adhere to the medical model epitomizes the crisis of identity the profession faces. To clarify the medical-model concept and assess its relevance for the field, the author focuses on the clinical medical model, the differences between it an several other models, and its applicability to the four kinds of tasks psychiatrists engage in: medical, rehabilitative, societal-legal, and educative developmental. He finds the clinical medical model appropriate in varying degrees for all four task areas; however, sometimes the tasks require accepting the primacy of other authority, sub as legal authority, or adding other models, as in work with chronic patients. Although some clinical activities may warrant departure from the medical model, in should not be discarded. Instead psychiatry must strengthen and clarify its appropriate use. PMID- 7262843 TI - Securing patients' rights--responsibly. AB - The patients' rights activist has power without clinical responsibility. Major problems can result when power is wielded by people who lack an appreciation of the clinical complexities of work with the severely mentally ill. The patients' rights movement has been an extremely constructive force, but every movement, no matter how well intended, must be monitored so that more good than harm is done. Two advocacy cases in which the struggle itself seemed to be more important to the advocates than the rights or welfare of the patients are described. Mental health professionals should not treat patients' rights as if they were a sacred cow, but should distinguish responsible advocacy from irresponsible advocacy. Long-term, severely ill patients, in particular, need to be protected from irresponsible "benefactors." The author's suggestions include that advocates be required to have experience providing direct service to severely disturbed patients for six months to a year and that advocates be rigorously screened within bureaucracies. PMID- 7262844 TI - Measuring the relationship of public psychiatric admissions to rising unemployment. AB - The results of a correlational analysis of the relationship between monthly state unemployment statistics and admissions to eight Missouri Department of Mental Health facilities are presented. Over a period of 100 months, readmissions, rather than new admissions, showed the strongest positive relationship to unemployment. A second study-a retrospective analysis of admissions before and after a major increase in unemployment-supported the results of the correlational analysis. A third analysis of subset of the original sample, comprised of patients unemployed at the time of admission, suggests that public facilities are more accessible to the unemployed during times of economic adversity. The findings on the relationship of readmission rates to the state of the economy have important implications for policy on deinstitutionalization. The planning, development, and evaluation of community care programs should include consideration of employment data. PMID- 7262845 TI - Factors related to the successful performance of psychiatric aides. AB - Psychiatric aides play a vital role in providing daily care for the mentally ill. Yet despite their importance in the mental health system, little research has been done into the selection, hiring, training, and retention of aides. In the first phase of a two-phase study of aides in psychiatric centers in New York State, the authors used several data instruments on four major populations of aides and supervisors. The authors isolated several characteristics, notably sex of the aide and relationship with the supervisor, that seem to be associated with tenure in the position. The implications of the study for the training of aides and for future research are briefly discussed. PMID- 7262846 TI - The admissions process in two state psychiatric hospitals. AB - In this study, a conceptual model of the factors influencing the admissions process was tested in two state psychiatric hospitals. The factors included in the model fell into four categories: characteristics of patients, characteristics of admitting personnel, system factors, and patient assessment. The attitudes of individuals accompanying an applicant were found to be most important. Patients referred by police, courts, family, friends, or agency personnel were more likely to be admitted than self-referrals. Pathological behaviors that had a significant impact on the admissions process were those that indicated the presence of mental disorder or danger to self or others. The availability of alternatives to hospitalization was not found to be significant, a finding that suggests that admitting personnel, particularly psychiatrists, should be educated about community alternatives if spiraling rates of psychiatric admission are to be reduced. PMID- 7262847 TI - Predicting the community performance of vocational rehabilitation clients. AB - The outcome for 70 chronic psychiatric patients who had completed a clerical training program at a state hospital rehabilitation center was examined after they had spent some time in the community. Successful completion of the program was found to be the strongest predictor of successful vocational functioning in the community. The only demographic variables associated with this posthospital performance were race, marital status, and living arrangements. Patients who were black, who were or had been married, or who did not live with their parents were more likely to perform at a high level in the community. It is suspected, however, that race was predictive of outcome only because it was highly correlated with living arrangements. PMID- 7262849 TI - Enhancing medication compliance in coffee groups. AB - In an adult outpatient department of a hospital serving a severely disadvantaged population, coffee groups have become an effective means of treating chronic, treatment-resistant patients and reinforcing their compliance with medication regimens. In dealing with the patients, many of whom have problems communicating needs and information, the therapists have developed such approaches as using concrete language, recognizing that many patients use medication transactions to reflect dissatisfaction with changes in group routine, anticipating common problems related to medication, and at times accepting patients' idiosyncratic chemotherapeutic preferences. Important elements of the coffee groups are the caring attitude of the co-therapists, a nonpressured atmosphere, and the presence of a familiar peer group. PMID- 7262848 TI - A statewide survey of CMHC programs for mentally retarded individuals. AB - Although community mental health centers appear to have a mandate to serve mentally retarded children, adults, and their families, there is little evidence that adequate treatment actually is being provided. In a survey of the CMHCs in the state of Washington in 1979, the authors found that only about 1,500 of the estimated 22,500 retarded individuals with a potential for emotional disorder were actually being treated in the centers. Moreover, very few of the centers kept records of the intellectual ability of clients, and only about half had a staff specialist in retardation. The barriers to increasing the scope and frequency of services are discussed, as is the potential of continuing education training to improve mental retardation services in the mental health system. PMID- 7262850 TI - Using a schiz-anon group in the treatment of chronic ambulatory schizophrenics. PMID- 7262851 TI - Withholding of information by psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 7262852 TI - Predictions too rosy, solutions too pat. PMID- 7262853 TI - Doctor, the patient will see you now. PMID- 7262854 TI - Is vertical integration the strategy for the future? PMID- 7262855 TI - Short-stay unit serves overnight medical and surgical patients. PMID- 7262856 TI - Hospital develops occupational health service for local industries. PMID- 7262857 TI - Satisfaction with Reform Act may be premature. PMID- 7262858 TI - Hospitals recruit managers by ads, 1981 survey shows. PMID- 7262859 TI - Waterbed's effects on apnea questioned. PMID- 7262861 TI - System ensures readiness of crash cart at small Alaskan hospital. PMID- 7262860 TI - Continuity of care aim of program. PMID- 7262862 TI - Medical liability insurance debate: occurrence versus claims made. PMID- 7262863 TI - Cytogenetic findings in 122 couples with recurrent abortions. AB - R-banded chromosome complements were analysed from 122 couples who had experienced three or more spontaneous abortions. Five women and one man were found to be carriers of translocations t(2;17), t(5;9), t(11;22), t(17;22), and t(13q14q). Two other karyotypes were abnormal: 46,XXq--and 47,XXX. Banded chromosome studies are recommended for couples with repeated abortions. PMID- 7262864 TI - The origin of telocentric chromosomes in man: a girl with tel(Xq). AB - A mentally retarded girl with several Turner symptoms had the chromosome constitution 46,Xtel(Xq). The abnormal X chromosome appeared to be completely telocentric and stable. It was late-replicating and formed a smaller than normal Barr body. The origin of telocentric chromosomes is discussed. PMID- 7262865 TI - Centromeric instability of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 associated with combined immunodeficiency. AB - Instability of the centromeric regions of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 in cultured lymphocytes of an 8-month-old girl with malabsorption and combined immunodeficiency is reported. Together with the two previous reports on this condition, the present report seems to confirm the specific association of combined immunodeficiency and centromeric instability of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 with multibranching. PMID- 7262866 TI - Mitotic and meiotic analysis of a reciprocal translocation t(Y;3) in an azoospermic male. AB - A balanced reciprocal translocation t(Y;3)(q11.2q12) is detected in an azoospermic male, with a normal phenotype. Replication study shows no modification of the replication pattern of the bands of the rearranged chromosomes. Meiotic studies show a chain element at diakinesis. At the pachytene stage, the Y-body is in external contact with the sex vesicle. It is concluded that the integrity of the Y-chromosome is probably necessary for a normal meiotic process, and is more important than dosage effect due to complete or partial disomy of this chromosome. PMID- 7262867 TI - Clinical anophthalmia. AB - An inbred kindred showing four cases of autosomal recessive clinical anophthalmia is reported. No association with other congenital malformations or mental retardation was observed. PMID- 7262868 TI - Partial hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency with full expression of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. PMID- 7262870 TI - Quantitative analysis of C bands in chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 of Brazilian Indians and Caucasoids. AB - Densitometric C-band measurements in chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 of 394 Indians and 40 Caucasoids living in Brazil are reported. No significant intratribal variability in the average length of these regions was observed, and the intertribal variation showed no consistent patterns. But the Caucasoids always presented lower means. The relative C-band sizes of these three chromosomes, however, were very similar in Indians and Caucasoids. The indices of heteromorphism displayed analogous results; only in chromosome 16 are they dissimilar in these two ethnic groups. An unexpected sex difference was observed in the C-band sizes of this chromosome, females uniformly presenting higher averages than males. Centromeric heterochromatin appeared in 6% and 9% respectively of the short arms of chromosomes 1 and 9 among the Caucasoids, while among the Indians its prevalence was 2% in both chromosomes. PMID- 7262869 TI - H-Y antigen expression in different tissues from transsexuals. AB - H-Y-antigen expression was analyzed in patients with transsexuality. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and various tissues were examined using the cytotoxicity assay of Goldberg et al. (1971). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy male and female subjects were used as controls as well as tissues from non-transsexual individuals and from male and female C57B1/6J mice. In three female-to-male transsexuals the peripheral blood lymphocytes were H-Y antigen positive. In these patients also their ovaries, uterus, and mammae were found to be H-Y antigen positive. Three male-to-female transsexuals were examined. The peripheral blood lymphocytes in two of these patients were found to be H-Y antigen negative. Their testes were also H-Y antigen negative, as well as the epididymus, the corpus cavernosum penis, and the cremaster muscle which was analyzed in one of them. One male-to-female transsexual had peripheral blood lymphocytes which were H-Y antigen positive; this patient had testis and corpus cavernosum penis which were also H-Y-antigen positive. PMID- 7262871 TI - Duplication deficiency as the result of meiotic segregation of a maternal InV (10). AB - In a family a large pericentric inversion involving nearly 70% of the chromosome 10 has been segregating during three generations, giving several carriers and an affected male with the karyotype 46,XY,der(10)(10pter Leads to 10q25::10p12 Leads to 10pter)mat. The patient is trisomic for 10p except for a small segment near the centromere, and monosomic for the distal 10q26. A simple diagrammatic representation explains the behavior of the inv(10) in meiosis. The study of meiotic segregation in the present case, and the reviews of previously reported duplication-deficiencies, agree with established postulates and add some principles to the understanding of duplication deficiencies resulting from the meiotic behavior of inverted chromosomes. PMID- 7262872 TI - Trisomy 18q. A case report and review of karyotype-phenotype correlations. AB - A 2-month-old male infant with partial trisomy 18, 46,XY,der(4),t(q35;q21.1)mat, was presented. Except for atypical facies, he had many of the significant signs of full trisomy 18. Phenotype-karyotype correlations based on the data of our case and those from the literature were discussed. Major features of trisomy 18, such as congenital heart disease, early death, and external malformations, appear to be consistently related to the trisomic state of 18q21. Characteristic congenital heart diseases in trisomy 18 were polyvalvular disease in 100%, membranous ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and high take-off of the right coronary ostium. Pathology of the heart did not differ between full and partial 18-trisomy cases. PMID- 7262873 TI - The effect of donor sex and age on the number of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes growing in vitro. AB - After analysing the distribution of the numbers of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in 200 cells from one individual, we found no evidence to reject the hypothesis of a normal distribution (P greater than 0.50). We then compared the mean numbers of SCE per cell in 18 individuals, three males and three females of each of three age groups (0-10, 30-40, and 60-70 years of age) by means of a one way analysis of variance, and found that there was no significant difference among them at the level of 5%. When these data were analysed by means of a two way analysis of variance to test separately the effect of sex and age, we found that the number of SCE per cell does not differ significantly between sexes, but differs with age (P Less Than 0.05). People in the age bracket 30-40 years have a higher number of SCE per cell. Age seems to affect both sexes equally. PMID- 7262874 TI - Oogenesis in antenatal development in man. AB - Ninety-seven female embryos and foetuses aged 6-40 weeks were quantitatively analyzed for germ cell development, mitotic activity in the ovary, and dynamics of chromosome transformations in oocytes at the stages of meiotic prophase I and follicle genesis. For the first time, chronology of oocytes dynamics at the stage of the preleptotene chromosome condensation and decondensation is described. Oocytes at the leptotene stage occur in embryos aged 10-11 weeks. Oocyte transfer at the zygotene and pachytene stages starts by 10.5-11 and 11.5-13 weeks, respectively. Their number is maximum after 26 weeks and by the 40th week decreases to just single oocytes. The first oocytes at the diplotene stage appear in foetuses aged 11.5-12 weeks. Oocyte transition to the dictyotene stage is observed in single oocytes after 16 weeks of development, but active bivalent decondensation begins after 26 weeks. The formation of a follicular layer takes place not earlier than around the oocyte at the diplotene stage. Follicle genesis occurs after 11-12 weeks. Transformation of primordial follicles into primary ones is intensified after 19-20 weeks. By the moment of birth, the majority of oocytes in the human ovary are contained in primary follicles, and only a few are contained in primordial ones. The number of secondary and tertiary antral follicles is extremely small. The dynamics of degeneration of germ cells throughout intra-uterine development is also described. PMID- 7262875 TI - High resolution R- and G-banding on the same preparation. AB - A simple method using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), for both cell synchronization and incorporation into replicating DNA is described. Many prophasic and prometaphasic mitoses were observed, and due to the probable blocking at different times of the cell cycle, very good R-banding and G-banding were obtained on the preparation. PMID- 7262877 TI - Changes in human memory during adaptation to climato-geographic conditions after transmeridional flights. PMID- 7262876 TI - Growth induction in cystic fibrosis fibroblasts with low dexamethasone concentrations. Experience with application to genotyping. AB - Dexamethasone (DM) resistance was evaluated in fibroblasts from a pool of five patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) homozygotes, ten of their parental obligate heterozygotes, and seventeen age-matched controls of both sexes. The CF heterozygotes showed a mean DM resistance greater than homozygotes and both groups exhibited a higher mean DM resistance at every DM concentration than controls. However, substantial interassay variability rendered these differences in the total pooled data to non-significance. One control showed a consistently increased resistance and was possibly a covert heterozygote. It was concluded that the phenomenon of DM resistance was exhibited by CF heterozygotes and homozygotes but was not discrete enough for genotyping in the prenatal diagnosis of CF. PMID- 7262878 TI - Comparative assessment of changes during antiorthostatic hypokinesia and immersion in man. PMID- 7262879 TI - Efficiency of increased energy expenditure during adaptation to heat. PMID- 7262880 TI - Dependence of working hyperemia in the forearm and leg muscles force of contraction. PMID- 7262882 TI - EEG changes in late toxemias of pregnancy. PMID- 7262881 TI - The concept of type in the classification of electroencephalograms. PMID- 7262883 TI - Interhemispheric asymmetry of late components of evoked potentials as an expression of compensatory processes. PMID- 7262884 TI - Accuracy of the motor response as an indicator of the functional state of the CNS. PMID- 7262885 TI - Age differences of temperature regulation in children aged 5-12 years. PMID- 7262886 TI - Electrical activity of the heart in boys aged 10-12 years during running. PMID- 7262887 TI - Genetically controlled enzymatic variation in a southern, biracial, semi-rural community: the Bogalusa heart study. AB - Caucasian and Afro-American schoolchildren participating in a community-based cardiovascular screening program in Bogalusa, Louisiana are characterized with respect to phenotypic and allelic frequencies at 10 enzymatic and 3 nonenzymatic polymorphic loci. Biracial gene frequencies in Bogalusa are compared with those reported for other populations of similar ethnic composition. Intra- and interracial genetic distances within and between the racial subpopulations of Bogalusa and Seattle, Washington are compared. While the comparisons do not support the concept that northern, urban blacks have more Caucasian admixture than blacks residing in the rural South, they do suggest microdifferentiation of the two white populations. PMID- 7262889 TI - Exact significance levels of goodness-of-fit tests for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. AB - The aim of this work is to examine the validity of several chi2 criteria, when used to test the fit of genotypic frequencies to the Hardy-Weinberg law. The exact type I error probabilities were compared to the nominal significance levels for two genetic models. The Pearson's chi2 test usually provided the best approximations. This test was found to be remarkably robust, when in situations involving very small expected frequencies. PMID- 7262888 TI - Transferrin subtypes in six Indian population samples. AB - Transferrin subtypings have been performed on three population samples originating from Himachal Pradesh, North India (Pangwala, Gaddi-Bharmour valley, Gaddi-Kangra district) and on three samples from Andhra Pradesh, South India (Koya, Konda Kammara, Lambadi). Among these six populations, marked differences in the distribution of Tf phenotype and allele frequencies are present. All Indian samples differ clearly from the hitherto reported TfC1 and TfC2 allele frequencies. In one of our Indian samples, the Pangwala, the most likely existence of a new Tf subtype variant (Tf Pangwala) could be demonstrated. PMID- 7262890 TI - A survey of serum protein and enzyme polymorphisms in the district of L'Aquila (Italy). AB - A random sample of more than 500 subjects collected in the district of l'Aquila (Italy) has been studied for the following genetic markers: ADA, EsD, G-6-PD, 6 PGD, SOD-A, Hp, C3. The gene frequencies of all the systems examined were similar to those observed in Rome. Rare variants have been found for 6-PGD, C3 and SOD-A. The last one showed an electrophoretic pattern different from the only other variant so far observed in the Italian population. PMID- 7262891 TI - The relative viabilities of alternative human genotypes. AB - The relative viability of heterozygotes is investigated for two groups of loci. Group A includes serum antigen systems and polymorphisms demonstrated after electrophoresis by general stains or histochemical methods. Group B includes dominantly inherited traits and enzyme deficiencies. The two types of offspring of the mating of a heterozygote and a homozygote are expected to occur in the segregation ratio of 1:1. For loci where there is complete penetrance and complete ascertainment of sibs, significant deviations from this ratio can be ascribed to selection at the locus or at a locus in linkage disequilibrium. The complication of linkage disequilibrium is eliminated by analysis of a large number of traits and the tentative conclusion is reached that there is a prevalence of loci with heterozygote advantage. The estimates of viability differentials would be improved by the analysis of more pedigrees from a disparate sample of traits. PMID- 7262892 TI - C3 polymorphism and the antibody titres in pregnancy: use of a non-barbital buffer for C3 typing. AB - The C3 phenotypes were examined in 391 pregnant women classified according to the level of 'immune', 'natural' and 'irregular' antibody titres. No significant association between the C3 types and antibody levels was found. The sera were also typed for C3 with a non-barbital buffer. PMID- 7262893 TI - A note on quantitation of intermammillary distance. PMID- 7262894 TI - X-linked form of myopia. PMID- 7262895 TI - Indices of cardiac status. PMID- 7262896 TI - Broadening of the RF power-density window for calcium-ion efflux from brain tissue. PMID- 7262897 TI - Measurement of internal carotid artery blood volume pulsations by noncontact ocular photoelectric plethysmography. PMID- 7262898 TI - Proceedings of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference, September 19-21, 1981, Houston, Texas. Abstracts. PMID- 7262899 TI - Cerebral microvessels and derived cells in tissue culture: II. Establishment, identification, and preliminary characterization of an endothelial cell line. AB - An endothelial cell line has been established from a primary culture of cerebral microvessels isolated from Swiss-Webster mice. The microvessels were isolated by a mechanical dispersion and filtration technique. The cells that emerged from these microvessels, maintained in organoid cultures, proliferated and formed plaques of a single or mixed cell type. The endothelial cell line, designated ME 2, was isolated from one such morphologically homogeneous cell plaque, using both cloning ring techniques and C6 glioma-conditioned medium. An endothelial specific antiserum was made in rabbits and was used immunocytochemically to confirm the cell type of origin of the ME-2 cell line. Not only did the cell type specific antiserum react exclusively with endothelial cells in vivo, but in the brain the antiserum localized preferentially to the luminal membrane of the endothelium. The ME-2 endothelial cells have retained several of their unique properties such as cytomorphology, growth characteristics, and cell type specific surface antigens throughout the life of the line (in one case 40 passages before senescence). PMID- 7262900 TI - A human gallbladder adenocarcinoma cell line. AB - A continuous cell line, COLO 346, was established from a liver metastasis in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. COLO 346 grew as an adherent monolayer of pleomorphic epithelioid cells. COLO 346 cells produced esterone, but no estradiol, progesterone, or cortisol. No adrenocorticotropic hormones, beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, carcinoembryonic antigen, or alpha fetoprotein production by the cells was detected. Cell doubling time was 36 h. Seven allelic isozymes were assayed. COLO 346 had a chromosome mode of 74 at 21 months postestablishment with 6 marker chromosomes present in 100% of the cells analyzed. COLO 346 has been in continuous culture for over 2 yr and is available to other investigators for their studies. PMID- 7262902 TI - In vitro bone marrow culture for colony forming units (CFU-C) in leukaemias and lymphomas. PMID- 7262903 TI - General ultrastructure and electron histochemistry of melanocytes in normal and hyperpigmented skin lesions. PMID- 7262904 TI - Paratesticular tumours of vestigial origin. PMID- 7262901 TI - Characterization of a variety of standard collagen substrates: ultrastructure, uniformity, and capacity to bind and promote growth of neurons. AB - Collagen substrates were characterized after preparation by the four methods most commonly used for tissue culture (saline precipitation, exposure to ammonium hydroxide vapor, exposure to ultraviolet light, and air drying). Although roughly equivalent percentages of collagen were precipitated by each technique (87 to 97%), marked differences were found in surface uniformity and ultrastructure. Substrates were quite uniform if precipitated by exposure to ammonium hydroxide or ultraviolet light, of intermediate uniformity if saline precipitated, and not at all uniform if air dried. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that (a) ammonium hydroxide and saline precipitation primarily resulted in formation of collagen fibrils, (b) air drying produced a small number of fibrils plus a large amount of amorphous material, and (c) exposure to ultraviolet light only resulted in the formation of globular, nonfibrillar collagen aggregates. The capacity of collagen substrates to bind and grow neurons differed markedly with the method of preparation and the amount of collagen plated per unit area. Quantifications of binding and growth of both cerebral and sympathetic neurons revealed that these are separate measures of the biocompatibility of a surface and that growth was uniformly inferior on globular collagen that had been precipitated by ultraviolet light. Long-term (greater than or equal to 2 wk) growth of sympathetic neurons was optimal on thick beds of saline-precipitated collagen, whereas short-term growth was best on thin layers of either saline or ammonium hydroxide precipitated collagen. Cerebral neurons bound and grew optimally on thick collagen beds after both short- and long-term culture. In addition, cerebral neurons were found to be more dependent on the method of precipitation of the thin collagen substrates than were sympathetic neurons. PMID- 7262905 TI - Benign glandular inclusions in para-aortic lymphnodes. PMID- 7262906 TI - Primary malignant lymphoma of colon. PMID- 7262907 TI - Biological behaviour of locally advanced breast cancer: review of 230 consecutive cases. PMID- 7262908 TI - Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7262909 TI - Role of hypoxic sensitizers in radiotherapy. PMID- 7262910 TI - Sarcomatoid renal carcinoma--a histopathological study of two cases with a review of the literature. PMID- 7262911 TI - Solid ovarian teratoma with gliomatosis peritonei--a case report. PMID- 7262912 TI - Increased killer cell activity in aged humans. AB - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) against a cell line (K-562) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against the same target and against chicken red blood cells were investigated in two age groups (20--45 and 70--98 years old). Proliferative response to PHA and to allogenic cells as well as some subpopulation determinations were also carried out only lymphocytes of the same subjects. In contrast to the significantly decreased proliferative responses, NCMC showed a moderate, and the two ADCC values a highly significant increase in the group of aged subjects. These increased values showed some similarities with the quantitative changes within the T-lymphocyte subpopulations. The incidence of serum samples of NCMC inhibitory activity was only moderately increased in the group of aged subjects as compared to that of the young individuals. On the basis of these results, we concluded that the immune system of healthy aged subjects seems altered or inbalanced rather than depressed to that of the young individuals. PMID- 7262914 TI - Cell-growth kinetics and karyotype analysis of human memory lymphocytes responding to alloantigen and mitogen. AB - Peripheral-blood lymphocytes were primed in vitro with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or with allogeneic cells and their memory responses studied following sequential restimulation with either mitogen or alloantigen. Chromosome preparations were made every 24 hours following exposure to the stimulating agents. Cultures were labeled with BUdR for sister-chromatid staining of the chromosomes which provided information about the kinetics of cell growth and rates of sister chromatid exchange. Cultures containing n BUdR were used for the investigation of cell karyotypes after chromosome-banding. Following PHA as well as alloantigen restimulation, an earlier reaction of the responding cells was observed. The peak response after the first stimulation was found at 120 h with allogeneic stimulation and at 60 h with mitogen stimulation. In the second round of stimulation, the peak occurred after 48 h (allogeneic) and 36 h (PHA) and following the third stimulation after 36 h (allogeneic) and 24 h (PHA). The speed of cell growth was decreased following restimulation with either alloantigen and mitogen. In contrast to the allogeneic restimulation, the number of cells responding after PHA restimulation was decreased. No systematic numerical or structural aberration of the karyotype was detected following repeated stimulation with either alloantigen or mitogen. In this sense, the lymphocyte subpopulations selected by repeated stimulation did not differ from the starting material. On the other hand, the sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency was increased following allogeneic restimulation, whereas it remained constant with PHA restimulation. PMID- 7262913 TI - Course of serum-Ig concentrations in B12 chickens of the UM line. AB - The University of Munich chicken line ("UM") is isogenic in respect to the MHC and divides into normogammaglobulinemic, permanent and transient dysgammaglobulinemic individuals. Hence the immune defect is independent of the MHC. Continual analysis of the immunoglobulins until the 50th week of life revealed: one group of dysgammaglobulinemic individuals showed an initial IgG peak between the third and sixth week of life. Unusually high IgM and IgA levels occur in permanent and transient dysgammaglobulinemic individuals previous to the appearance of the IgG deficit and previous to a possible initial IgG peak. These high levels remain throughout the life of the chicken, possibly due to a missing negative feedback mechanism. Transient dysgammaglobulinemic chickens also exhibited increased IgM and IgA values after IgG normalization. Based upon our results, we postulate that the dysgammaglobulinemia defect is already preprogrammed during late embryonic development. The prevalence of a B or T-cell defect is still under discussion. PMID- 7262915 TI - A new capillary tube agglutination-inhibition test for the detection of circulating immune complexes containing endogenously bound C1q. AB - The C1q agglutination-inhibition test (C1q-AIT) is a sensitive assay, capable of detecting circulating immune complexes (CIC) containing as little as 40 ng C1q. This non-isotopic test can be easily performed in 4 h from the receipt of the serum sample (including the isolation of CIC by PEG 6000 percipitation). The reagents are stable for at least 6 months under normal refrigeration. Because a carefully standardized C1q- anti-C1q reaction is used, CIC can be semi quantitated by a routine titration procedure. Sera from patients with diseases reported to be associated with CIC gave significantly high test results, while diseases not normally associated with CIC (e.g. OA, gout, allergy) gave low frequencies of positive results. The C1q-AIT for CIC containing endogenously bound C1q was shown to be equivalent to and more sensitive than the [125I]C1q-BA for CIC containing exogenously bound C1q. PMID- 7262916 TI - Detection of platelet antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on artificial monolayers of platelets. AB - For the detection of platelet antibodies we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on artificial monolayers of platelets in wells of micro-titre-U-trays. This simple and reproducible test can not only detect the presence and the specificity of platelet antibodies but also the class and subclass of the antibodies involved. PMID- 7262917 TI - Effect of lymphokine on the activation and Fc receptor expression of rat macrophages. AB - Lymphocyte supernatant (LS) containing lymphokine (LK) activated rat peritoneal macrophages (PM) and at the same time enhanced their Fc receptor (FcR) activity. The signs of the early activation could not be observed on alveolar macrophages (AM) but the augmented FcR expression occurred under the effect of lymphokine. The LK-induced macrophage activation and the enhancement of erythrocyte-antibody (EA) rosette formation were found to be independent of each other. In the presence of soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) the crude lymphokine-induced augmented EA rosette formation was only slightly diminished. However, it did not seem likely that the LK components of molecular weight over 15,000 could enhance the number of rosettes under the effect of protease inhibitor. These data indicate that the macrophage proteases play an important role in the generation of EA rosette formation enhancing breakdown product(s) during the macrophage lymphokine interaction. PMID- 7262918 TI - Characterization of the circulating antigen of Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Circulating antigen of Toxoplasma gondii has been shown to be antigenically distinct from haemagglutinating or peritoneal exudate antigen. It is composed of two components that have molecular weights of approximately 150,000 and 324,000 daltons. Treatment of rats wih cyclophosphamide stopped both the production of circulating antigen and dye test-specific antibody without affecting the parasite yield. Immune lysis appears to be the major pathway for production of circulating antigen, although other possible mechanism of release are discussed. PMID- 7262919 TI - Typhoid fever due to chloramphenicol resistant Salmonella typhi associated with R plasmid. PMID- 7262920 TI - Multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospital practice. PMID- 7262921 TI - Human milk as a source of Q-fever infection in breast-fed babies. PMID- 7262922 TI - Prevalence of dermatomycoses in Madras city. PMID- 7262923 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in normal human pregnancy. PMID- 7262924 TI - Steady state of chloramphenicol in malnourished children. PMID- 7262925 TI - Detection of HBs-Ag by CIEP and RPHA techniques in healthy individuals and cardiac patients. PMID- 7262926 TI - Sickle cell trait, thalassaemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the Bhil tribe of southern Rajasthan. PMID- 7262927 TI - Haemoglobin D disorders in 13 unrelated families. PMID- 7262928 TI - A study of hypoplastic anaemia. PMID- 7262929 TI - Platelet factor 3-A time (PF3-A time) in uraemia. PMID- 7262930 TI - Epidemiological study of periodontal diseases in rural areas. PMID- 7262931 TI - Cleft lip with or without cleft palate and isolated cleft palate, as two aetiological entities- a dermatoglyphic evidence. PMID- 7262932 TI - Qualitative evaluation of maternal care in rural areas of Varanasi. PMID- 7262933 TI - Drug use among physicians and medical students. PMID- 7262934 TI - Naturally occurring athero-arteriosclerosis in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7262936 TI - Effect of verapamil (isoptin) on experimental myocardial infarction in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7262935 TI - Nifedipine--a new calcium antagonist in experimental myocardial necrosis. PMID- 7262937 TI - Role of liver scan in fever of unknown origin. PMID- 7262938 TI - Potentiation of prostaglandin evoked contractions of isolated rat uterus by vasicine hydrochloride. PMID- 7262939 TI - Antiulcer activity of some plant triterpenoids. PMID- 7262940 TI - Neuroembryopathy following experimental ischaemic anoxia in foetal spinal cord. PMID- 7262942 TI - Isolation of Salmonella (3,10: r:-) from animals and its public health importance. PMID- 7262941 TI - Serum immunoglobulins G, M and A in acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 7262943 TI - Bacteriological study of infection in patients with burns. PMID- 7262944 TI - Mycoplasmas in male genital tract infections. PMID- 7262945 TI - Complement fixation tests in systemic candidiasis. PMID- 7262946 TI - Antifilarial action of furazolidone. PMID- 7262947 TI - Cell mediated immunity in cutaneous tuberculosis. PMID- 7262948 TI - Osteomalacia in Hindu population of Haryana. PMID- 7262949 TI - Cytology as a diagnostic aid in arthritis. PMID- 7262950 TI - Lithium excretion and therapeutic response in mania. PMID- 7262951 TI - Eruption of deciduous teeth among the children of Gulbarga, south India. PMID- 7262952 TI - Uterine prostaglandin levels in pregnant ovariectomized rats. PMID- 7262953 TI - Possible interrelationship between the antinociceptive effect of morphine and brain 5-hydroxytryptamine in albino rats. PMID- 7262955 TI - Hypersensitivity to certain drugs in a rural population. PMID- 7262954 TI - Permeability alteration of blood brain barrier by alcohols. PMID- 7262956 TI - Effect of environmental heat shock on developing foetuses of hamsters. PMID- 7262957 TI - An investigation of delay in treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 7262958 TI - Strategy for childhood immunization in India. Prioritization of vaccines. PMID- 7262959 TI - Copper and Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 7262960 TI - Indian childhood cirrhosis: a critique of recent observations. PMID- 7262961 TI - Abnormal lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes in patients of Indian childhood cirrhosis and their siblings. PMID- 7262962 TI - Levamisole therapy in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 7262963 TI - Zinc therapy in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 7262965 TI - Epidemiologic correlates of malnutrition. PMID- 7262964 TI - Acute non-specific regional jejunitis in children. PMID- 7262967 TI - Rupture of membranes, gastric aspirate cytology and neonatal sepsis. PMID- 7262966 TI - Intestinal parasitic infections and malnutrition. PMID- 7262968 TI - Research needs in liver diseases in India. PMID- 7262969 TI - Liver disorders in children--a clinical perspective. PMID- 7262970 TI - Indian childhood cirrhosis: clinical features, prognosis and treatment. PMID- 7262971 TI - Indian childhood cirrhosis--some observations on the pathology and etiology. PMID- 7262972 TI - Bile acid metabolism in infants and children and its implications for hepatobiliary diseases. PMID- 7262973 TI - Renal failure in hepatic failure. PMID- 7262974 TI - Alkyl ether analogs of phosphatidylcholine are orally active in hypertensive rabbits. AB - 1-0-alkyl ethers of phosphatidylcholine having an acetoyl in the second position were derived from fresh renal tissue. The main ether so derived had a 16:0 chain. The C16:0 alkyl ether was synthesized de novo. The renally derived and the synthetic ether exerted a similar and powerful antihypertensive action in hypertensive rabbits when given orally in divided doses. This action was prolonged, requiring more than 60 hours after the last input of the compound for recovery of the arterial pressure. As these ethers exerted their antihypertensive action, there was no evidence of adverse effects. Noteworthy was the failure of these depressor compounds to cause renin release. Diuresis-kaliuresis did not occur. A suggestion of sodium retention was noted. PMID- 7262975 TI - Sympathetic nerves protect against stroke in stroke-prone hypertensive rats. A preliminary report. AB - Studies were performed to determine whether sympathetic nerves protect against stroke in hypertensive rats. The superior cervical ganglion was removed on one side in 28 stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) when the rats were 4 weeks old. The rats were fed Japanese rat chow and 1% saline drinking water. When the rats were 19 weeks old, systolic pressure was 206 +/- 4 mm Hg (mean +/- SE). All rats died between 19 and 23 weeks of age. Microscopic and histological examination demonstrated cerebral hemorrhage in seven rats. All the hemorrhages occurred in the denervated hemispheres. Ischemic cerebral infarctions were found in 13 rats; in 10 rats, the infarcts were only in the denervated hemisphere. Pathological changes of cerebral arteries (hyalinosis, fibrinoid changes, and thrombus formation) were observed primarily in denervated hemispheres. Wall-to-lumen ratio was less in arteries of the denervated hemisphere than in arteries of the innervated hemisphere. These preliminary observations suggest that denervation of cerebral vessels increases susceptibility to stroke and inhibits development of cerebral vascular hypertrophy in SHRSP. PMID- 7262976 TI - Potassium feeding reduces hyperactive central nervous system pressor responses in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. AB - Dahl showed that feeding KCl prevents the rise in blood pressure caused by a high NaCl diet in salt-sensitive Dahl "S" rats. Such S rats when normotensive on a low NaCl diet have a 2 to 3 times greater pressor response than Dahl "R" rats to intracerebroventricular hypertonic saline (600 mOsm/liter) or angiotensin II (AII) (500 ng). Does dietary KCl prevent NaCl hypertension in S rats partly by abolishing these hyperactive central nervous system (CNS) pressor responses? The effect of potassium-loading on CNS pressor responses was studied in S rats on a low (0.3%) NaCl diet. Drinking a 2% KCl solution reduced the CNS pressor responses in S rats to both AII and hypertonic saline by 44% (p less than 0.025) and brought them down almost as low as in R rats. KCl added to the low NaCl dry diet also decreased the CNS pressor responses in S rats to AII and to hypertonic saline by 39% (p less than 0.01) and 59% (p less than 0.02) respectively. K citrate added to the low NaCl diet was generally as effective as KCl in reducing CNS pressor responses. K-citrate reduced the angiotensin pressor response by 44% (p less than 0.001) and the hypertonic saline pressor response by 46% (p less than 0.05). Thus, potassium feeding greatly diminished the hyperactive CNS pressor responses in S rats. This CNS action may well explain a good part of the protective effect of KCl against NaCl hypertension in S rats. PMID- 7262977 TI - Aortic endothelial and subendothelial cells in experimental hypertension and aging. AB - The endothelial and subendothelial cellular changes occurring as a result of hypertension and aging were characterized in deoxycorticosterone/salt-treated (D/S), spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. An increase in the number of subendothelial cells occurred with both hypertension and aging and was most dramatic with D/S hypertension. Many of the cells found in the widened subendothelium showed morphological characteristics of mononuclear cells (both macrophages and lymphocytes), and of smooth muscle cells. Normalization of blood pressure by withdrawal of D/S and maintenance of rats on a low salt diet reversed the number of subendothelial cells to levels of control animals of comparable age. Significant alterations were seen in the aortic endothelial cells of D/S animals. Within 2 to 4 weeks of D/S administration, the endothelial cells doubled in number and often assumed bizarre shapes with nuclear folding and bulging toward the lumen. Some similar abnormalities in endothelial cell shape and appearance occurred with increasing age in the SHR and control WKY, although the number of endothelial cells increased only slightly in these groups. These results suggest that profound cellular changes in the aortic intima occur with an increase in blood pressure. These changes are pronounced in the D/S model of hypertension, while virtually absent in SHR. Comparable alterations also may be seen in aged normotensive animals, but to a lesser extent and with slower progression. PMID- 7262978 TI - The glomerular filtration barrier in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - To determine whether the differences in the physiological characteristics of SHR and WKY kidneys might be related to differences in renal structure, we studied the kidneys of SHR and WKY rats utilizing scanning and transmission electron microscopy and latex perfusion of the glomerular vasculature. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed a smaller diameter in the glomerular endothelial fenestrae of SHR compared to that in WKY rats even prior to the development of differences in blood pressure. With age, the density and diameter of SHR endothelial fenestrae progressively decreased, which was not true in WKY rats. Latex casts of glomerular vasculature showed the frequent presence of afferent arteriolar constriction in 12-week-old SHR. Thus, the filtration barrier of the SHR is abnormal. THe pathogenesis of hypertension in the SHR is complex and probably multifactorial; however, renal structural changes may contribute to the development and maintenance of hypertension. The afferent arteriolar constrictions may be the structural basis for the increased vascular resistance described in the SHR. PMID- 7262979 TI - Disturbances of calcium metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Ionized calcium is critical to the maintenance of normal cardiovascular function. Recently, vasoactive properties have also been attributed to parathyroid hormone (PTH). The present study characterizes the calcium-PTH axis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) in order to determine the effects of chronic alterations in calcium intake on the development and maintenance of hypertension in this species. Thirty-six SHR and 36 Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive control rats were studied. The rats were fed one of three levels (percent of total diet) of calcium (normal 0.5%, low-normal 0.25%, high 4.0%) beginning at 10 weeks of age. Serum total and ionized calcium, serum PTHs, urinary electrolytes, and systolic blood pressures were assessed by repeated measurements between 10 and 48 weeks of age. Irrespective of calcium intake, the SHRs had lower serum ionized calcium concentrations (p less than 0.001) and higher PTH levels (p less than 0.001) than the WKYs. Serum total calcium were similar for the two strains. Urinary calcium excretion was greater in the SHR (p less than 0.001) relative to the WKY. The high (4.0%) calcium diet normalized the serum ionized calcium and attenuated the development of the SHRs' hypertension (p less than 0.001). The present study describes several previously unrecognized abnormalities of calcium metabolism in the SHR. These disturbances may be of pathogenetic importance in the development and maintenance of hypertension in the SHR. PMID- 7262980 TI - Abnormal erythrocyte cation transport in primary hypertension. Clinical and experimental studies. AB - Several abnormalities concerning sodium (Na+) transport in erythrocytes of essential hypertensive patients have been recently observed. An abnormal extrusion of an erythrocyte Na+ load was described in our laboratory. This defect appeared to be specific for essential hypertension since it was absent in the secondary forms of the disease. The present investigation was performed on 194 Caucasian subjects with essential hypertension or born of hypertensive parents, 86 normotensive controls, and 14 families (78 subjects) studied over two to three generations. The distribution pattern of the erythrocyte defect is compatible with the expression of a single gene transmitted according to an autosomic and dominant mode. To confirm the genetic association between the red blood cell abnormality and primary hypertension, genetically hypertensive rats were investigated in parallel to our clinical studies. A reduction in the net Na+ extrusion from red blood cells was found in two varieties of genetic hypertension (SHR and H-prone-Na+-sensitive Sabra rats). The abnormality could be detected before the development of a significant hypertension. When these various rat sub strains were acutely or chronically loaded with Na+ (either intraperitoneally or orally), a significant increase in erythrocyte Na+ content was observed only in those substrains having a genetic propensity to develop hypertension. This finding, which appears to be a consequence of the reduction in net Na+ efflux, is of interest for several reasons. It confirms the existence of a close association between a genetic predisposition to develop high blood pressure and cell Na+ retention in the presence of an excess Na+ intake. It draws attention to the possible role of intracellular Na+ in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension. Of more practical importance, the abnormal Na+ handling in erythrocytes may be a genetic marker of primary hypertension. PMID- 7262981 TI - Bartter's syndrome: a disorder of vascular reactivity. Arthur C. Corcoran Memorial Lecture. PMID- 7262982 TI - Response of aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone to angiotensin II in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension, Conn's syndrome, and nontumorous hyperaldosteronism. AB - Dose-response curves relating plasma angiotensin II (AII) concentration during AII infusion to blood pressure (BP), to plasma aldosterone, and to plasma 18 hydroxycorticosterone were compared in normal subjects and in patients with essential hypertension, Conn's syndrome, and nontumorous hyperaldosteronism. The BP response was steeper than normal in patients with Conn's syndrome and essential hypertension. Before infusion, mean plasma aldosterone concentration was approximately four-fold higher in Conn's syndrome than in the normal group, while that of 18-hydroxycorticosterone was ninefold higher. Neither increased significantly during AII infusion. In essential hypertension, both corticosteroids were within the normal range, but their responses to AII infusion were greater than normal. In the three subjects with non-tumorous hyperaldosteronism, plasma aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone concentrations were raised, and their responses to AII infusion resembled those found in essential hypertension and were different from those found in Conn's syndrome. This suggests that nontumorous hyperaldosteronism is not a variant of Conn's syndrome. In the response to AII and in other ways, it is indistinguishable from essential hypertension. PMID- 7262983 TI - Vasopressin elevation in essential hypertension and increased responsiveness to sodium intake. AB - The relationship of arterial pressure (AP) to plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) and sodium (Na) intake was determined in untreated essential hypertensive (H) and normotensive (N) subjects. The AP of H subjects averaged 147/101 mm Hg and that of N subjects, 124/79 mm Hg. Plasma AVP was elevated significantly in H subjects, averaging 8.5 pg/ml compared to 4.7 pg/ml in N subjects. Multivariant regression analysis yielded a significant correlation (r2 = 0.34) between diastolic pressure, urine Na concentration, and changes in plasma AVP. Plasma Na of H subjects averaged 2.0 mEq/liter less and urine Na concentration 22 mEq/liter less than in N subjects. Sodium intake appeared to have no influence on the plasma AVP of N subjects, but H subjects excreting Na in excess of 250 mEq/day averaged a plasma AVP twice as high as that in H subjects excreting less than 150 mEq/day. In H subjects, the influence of Na intake appeared to be related to age. In subjects less than 50 years of age, Na intake did not appear to influence chronic levels of plasma AVP, while in subjects older than 50 years who were excreting Na in excess of 250 mEq/day, plasma AVP levels were twice (13.5 pg/ml) those observed in hypertensives of the same age excreting less than 150 mEq/ day (6.5 pg/ml). The data indicate that plasma AVP tends to be elevated in moderate essential hypertension. Reduced concentrating ability of the kidneys of these subjects is suggested by decreased urine Na concentrations despite elevated plasma AVP. The observed increases of plasma AVP could be exerting a direct influence on extra- and intravascular volumes by renal and systemic vasoconstriction. PMID- 7262984 TI - Interrelationship of birth weight with certain biological & socio-economic factors. PMID- 7262985 TI - A study of incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis in Bhopal: agglomeration from 1972-78. PMID- 7262986 TI - Congenital and developmental anomalies in school children. PMID- 7262987 TI - A measure of intensity of population. PMID- 7262988 TI - Smoking and drug-abuse among the newly admitted students of medical colleges in West Bengal. PMID- 7262989 TI - Morbidity pattern in urban school children. PMID- 7262990 TI - Water quality and dental fluorosis. PMID- 7262991 TI - Health survey in village: Bokud Jalgaon Block Paithan, Dist: Aurangabad-report II. PMID- 7262992 TI - Legislation for the mentally handicapped. PMID- 7262993 TI - Tracers in neurodiagnosis. PMID- 7262994 TI - Study of cell mediated immunity in malnourished children using DNCB skin sensitization test. PMID- 7262995 TI - Role of arsenic and copper in the pathogenesis of Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 7262996 TI - Feeding practices in Varanasi district. PMID- 7262997 TI - Piperazine toxicity in a new born. PMID- 7262998 TI - Whistling face syndrome (craniocarpotarsal dysplasia). PMID- 7262999 TI - Idiopathic superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis. PMID- 7263000 TI - Infant mortality in Rajasthan villages. PMID- 7263001 TI - Impact of family size on the morbidity pattern in school children. PMID- 7263002 TI - Outcome of measles in Afghanistan. PMID- 7263003 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid and blood glucose levels in febrile convulsions. PMID- 7263004 TI - Serum zinc in pulmonary infections. PMID- 7263005 TI - Cellular immunity in low birth weight infants: a preliminary study. PMID- 7263006 TI - Adrenoleukodystrophy. PMID- 7263007 TI - Tuberculous rheumatism in children. PMID- 7263008 TI - Orchioblastoma--infantile adenocarcinoma of testis. PMID- 7263009 TI - Deceptive foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial tree. PMID- 7263010 TI - An unusual complication following BCG vaccination. PMID- 7263011 TI - Methemoglobinemia following dapsone ingestion. PMID- 7263013 TI - Typhoid fever: serodiagnosis and prevention. PMID- 7263012 TI - Giant nasal gliomas. PMID- 7263014 TI - Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test in early diagnosis of typhoid fever in children. PMID- 7263015 TI - Aminoglycosides and renal function in infants. PMID- 7263016 TI - Accidental poisoning in children. PMID- 7263017 TI - Accidental poisoning in children. PMID- 7263018 TI - Accidental poisoning in children: 10 years experience. PMID- 7263019 TI - Sero anti-tetanus toxin in neonatal tetanus: a preliminary report. PMID- 7263020 TI - A pilot study of growth pattern of children in a peri-urban community of Iraq. PMID- 7263021 TI - Hypoglycemia: a complication of diarrhea in childhood. PMID- 7263022 TI - Snake bite poisoning in children. PMID- 7263023 TI - Acute sulphone poisoning. PMID- 7263024 TI - Phenothiazine induced dyskinesia in children. PMID- 7263025 TI - Juvenile diabetes mellitus with hypothyroidism. PMID- 7263026 TI - [Metabolism of parenterally administered amino acids in the postoperative period. I. Comparative blood kinetic examinations in healthy adults and in the postoperative period]. AB - The postoperative and posttraumatic period is characterized by alterations of amino acid metabolism which sometimes lead to pronounced blood level imbalances. To investigate the cause of these alterations, we performed pharmacokinetic amino acid utilization studies in 20 patients on the second postoperative day and in 19 healthy adult volunteers. The results indicate that, postoperatively, the majority of amino acids exhibit prolonged half-lives and correspondingly reduced clearances. The necessity for special amino acid solutions for postoperative patients is discussed. PMID- 7263027 TI - Motorcycle fatalities: analysis of Birmingham coroner's records. AB - Analysis of the evidence from 55 coroner's inquests concerning 51 separate motorcycle accidents is reported. Fatal injuries were frequently associated with excessive speed and alcohol consumption. High speed was more common with more powerful machines. Negotiating outside bends seemed particularly hazardous. However, the errors of other road users were the most significant individual cause of fatal accidents. All motorcycle drivers were male, with a peak age group of 17, and most accidents occurred in the summer, frequently in the late evening. Some measures to reduce this mortality are discussed. PMID- 7263028 TI - Head injuries at an inner city accident and emergency department. AB - A prospective study was carried out of 784 adults (aged 13 years and over) with recent head injuries who attended the Accident and Emergency Department of the Glasgow Royal Infirmary during an 11-week period (April-June 1978). One-third were caused by assault and only one-tenth by road traffic accidents. Half the patients had recently ingested alcohol, one-quarter of all patients had at least a brief period of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). The overall admission rate was 28 per cent. Radiography of the skull was performed in 65 per cent and a fracture seen in 5 per cent of these. One-quarter of the patients had at least one unsatisfactory radiograph. Two patients whose fractures were initially missed on radiography were not admitted. Seven of the 24 patients with fractures had no clinical evidence of brain damage (no PTA, no impaired conscious level, no focal neurological signs or symptoms), but all had wounds of the scalp. One-third of all patients did not have radiography of the skull performed, nor were they admitted to hospital, yet one-quarter of these had some evidence of brain damage. PMID- 7263029 TI - Horse injuries. AB - A series of 622 patients treated at Newmarket General Hospital for injuries resulting from contact with horses was studied. The types of injury and the manner in which they were sustained were analysed. PMID- 7263030 TI - Isolated fractures of the shaft of the tibia. AB - We have reviewed 106 fractures of the tibia with an intact fibula. Most patients were treated in above-knee plaster casts and allowed to walk. Only 2 fractures failed to unite and there were 4 refractures. In 27 patients (25 per cent) the fracture healed with more than 5 degrees of varus angulation. The cause of this deformity and its prevention are discussed. PMID- 7263031 TI - Which external fixation device? AB - Seven external fixation frames which are used for the treatment of fractures have been evaluated. The features of these devices are presented and some of the advantages and disadvantages of each are described. PMID- 7263032 TI - The comparative stiffness of external fixation frames. AB - The stiffness of 6 external fixation frames was compared by measuring the deflection which occurred at an unstable fracture, created in a tibia in vitro. All tests were repeated with the frames applied to pins brazed into a steel tube, in order to eliminate any errors caused by variation in the quality of the bone under test. The results of these tests are presented and observations are made on some design features of the frames. It was found that the 2 most critical factors which determined the stiffness of a frame were the diameter and the number of pins used to transfix the bone. Other factors, such as the stiffness of the connecting bar, were of secondary importance. PMID- 7263033 TI - Eight lateral compression injuries of the pelvis treated by the hoop apparatus of Lardennois. AB - The pelvic hoop apparatus was used to treat 8 patients with severe lateral compression injuries to the pelvis. Each patient had an initially satisfactory reduction of the fracture or central dislocation. The advantages of this over other conservative methods of treating such injuries are discussed. PMID- 7263034 TI - Fracture of the atlas associated with fracture of the odontoid process. AB - A case of burst fracture of the atlas associated with a type II fracture of the odontoid is presented. In this instance no atlanto-axial instability was detected clinically. Treatment consisted of 1 week of rest in bed followed by 3 months in a collar. Management, though conservative, resulted in full recovery. PMID- 7263035 TI - Intrathoracic displacement of the humeral head with fracture of the surgical neck. AB - Intrathoracic displacement of the humeral head occurred in a man in association with fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus. This report describes the mechanism of the injury and a method of operative exposure. PMID- 7263036 TI - Bilateral pseudarthrosis of the clavicles. AB - A case following a road traffic accident involving fracture of the shafts of both clavicles complicated by non-union is described. PMID- 7263037 TI - The management of dislocations of the carpal lunate. AB - Thirty cases of dislocation of the carpal lunate, without scaphoid fracture, have been reviewed. The angular relationship of the scaphoid and lunate following reduction was measured and also any widening of the scapholunate articulation (scapholunate gap). A close correlation was found between these measurements and the clinical result. If the scapholunate angle falls within a certain range this presages a satisfactory result. If after initial reduction there is radiological evidence of increased scapholunate separation or an unacceptable scapholunate angle, then further reduction must be undertaken to obtain the required bony relationships. If this can be achieved by simple manipulation, the more confident attitude is justified. Although it seems reasonable to suppose that open reduction can improve the position, there is no reported evidence that this is so. PMID- 7263038 TI - Internal fixation of a segmental fracture of the femur with a Kuntscher-Herzog tibial nail. AB - This article presents the technique and the results of internal fixation of a severely unstable and displaced segmental fracture with a Kuntscher-Herzog tibial nail in a young patient with associated multiple fractures. PMID- 7263039 TI - Spontaneous rupture of a superior gluteal artery aneurysm. AB - A case of spontaneous rupture of an aneurysm of the superior gluteal artery is presented. The importance of arteriography in the accurate diagnosis, and a dual surgical approach in the management, is emphasized. PMID- 7263040 TI - Modified spinal retractors. PMID- 7263041 TI - Flap wounds of the shin. AB - This survey is based on 113 patients with flap wounds of the shin treated by cleaning and securing the wound flaps with Steristrips and covering them with dry gauze, compression bandaging and elevating the leg at rest. Eighteen of the 113 patients had sutures inserted, 2 of them in other hospitals. These cases were consecutive and unselected and a further 450 patients have since been treated in the same way. PMID- 7263042 TI - Pretibial flap wounds: early grafting under regional anaesthesia as an outpatient procedure. AB - A method is described of treating thin flap wounds of the leg which involves primary excision followed by delayed primary closure by skin graft carried out under regional nerve block. This method avoids not only admission to hospital but the hazards of general anaesthesia in patients who are often elderly, or taking steroid drugs. In 38 out of 40 patients so treated, the grafted area was sufficiently well healed to require either no dressing or a protective dressing only after 2-3 outpatient visits spread over 15-16 days. PMID- 7263043 TI - The treatment of isolated fractures of the ulnar shaft in adults. AB - This study of 254 cases of isolated fractures of the ulnar shaft in adults is the largest series to date. The methods of treatment employed are analysed. Conservative treatment and the indications for, and technique of operation are discussed. A plan of management is proposed for these fractures. PMID- 7263044 TI - Non-union of the isolated fracture of the ulnar shaft in adults. AB - Twenty-one cases of non-union of the isolated fracture of the shaft of the ulna were reviewed. The factors which have been shown to predispose to non-union include the site of the fracture, its initial displacement, comminution, the presence of multiple injuries and early mobilization. The use of rigid fixation and the delay of one week in operation reduced the incidence of non-union in those internally fixed. No evidence was found that internal fixation reduced the incidence of delay in union, compared with closed treatment. Fourteen of the fractures later united. Plating the fracture of internal fixation with bone grafting secured union in 11 out of 12 cases. These were the only satisfactory methods of treatment. PMID- 7263045 TI - Diagnosis of brachial plexus traction lesions by sensory nerve action potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials. AB - Forty-two patients with unilateral brachial plexus traction lesions were investigated by recording sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) from the lower arm and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) from the clavicle, the cervical spine and the scalp overlying the contralateral somatosensory cortex, in response to electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. The median and radial nerves were assumed to derive principally from the C6 and C7 roots, and the ulnar nerve from the C8 and T1 roots. Combination of SEP and SNAP findings suggested a location for the lesion (preganglionic, postganglionic or combining pre-and postganglionic elements) which was found to be accurate in 10 out of 16 operated cases, and substantially accurate in another 3. There was a poor correlation, however, between the presence of absence of SNAPs in the musculocutaneous nerve and the location of the lesion to the C5 root. PMID- 7263046 TI - Stress radiography in acute ligamentous injuries of the knee. AB - Stress radiography was performed on 60 acute ligamentous injuries of the knee under general anaesthesia using a simple standard technique. Laxity on angular stress in extension was evident when the posterior cruciate ligament was torn in association with a collateral capsular tear. The same test repeated in 20-30 degrees of flexion was abnormal when the collateral capsule alone was abnormal when the collateral capsule alone was torn and laxity always exceeded 5 degrees. Where both cruciate ligaments were torn the laxity exceeded 10 degrees. Lateral stress radiographs in the presence of an isolated capsular tear demonstrated rotatory laxity with a glide rarely exceeding 10 mm. The addition of a torn anterior cruciate ligament resulted in sagittal laxity greater than 7 mm and a tear of the posterior cruciate ligament, irrespective of the associated pathology, resulted in a laxity exceeding 12 mm. PMID- 7263047 TI - Anterior cervical spine fusion for unstable fractures. AB - We present in this report the operative method we have used in 7 cases of fracture-dislocation of the lower cervical spine. The technique includes partial resection of the fractured vertebral body, removal of the adjacent discs, excision of posteriorly displaced bone and disc and anterior interbody fusion between the three vertebrae. The latter is performed using a cortico-cancellous graft taken from the iliac crest and further stability is achieved by a small AO plate. All the cases started motion 48 hours after operation without further external support. Although 6 of the cases showed neurological improvement, this cannot be at this stage attributed to the surgical treatment. Nevertheless, none was made worse by the operation. PMID- 7263048 TI - The triplane fracture of the distal tibial epiphysis in children. AB - Two cases of triplane fracture of the ankle in children are presented. Both patients were treated conservatively with good results. The typical age incidence and difficulties in establishing the diagnosis by X-ray examination are discussed. Closed reduction and plaster immobilization is recommended. Only if joint congruity cannot be restored is operative treatment required. PMID- 7263049 TI - Gunshot fetal injury. AB - A stray bullet hit a pregnant woman. The uterus, being close to the abdominal wall, shielded the other viscera and received the bullet with fetal thoraco abdominal fetal injury. The literature is reviewed. PMID- 7263050 TI - Unusual Monteggia lesions in children. AB - Two cases of fracture of the ulna with fracture-separation of the radial neck in children are presented. In one case there was no displacement of the radial epiphysis and in the other it was subluxated. The mechanism of injury is essentially a valgus strain on the extended elbow caused by a fall onto the out stretched hand. Reduction of this fracture is difficult to attain by closed manipulation and may displace an undisplaced radial head. Open reduction is advisable and as the lesion is unstable, some form of fixation may be required; check radiographs of good quality are essential during the first 3 weeks. If reduction cannot be achieved and mal-union or cross-union is expected, it is preferable to put the hand in a neutral or a pronated position as it will be more useful than a hand fixed in supination. PMID- 7263051 TI - Replacement of the radial head in the treatment of unstable elbow fractures. AB - The use of a radial head prosthesis for the treatment of fractures of the radial head associated with gross instability of the elbow is described. Seventeen fractures occurring in seventeen patients treated at the Toronto East General Hospital from 1966 to 1979 are analysed. Instability of the elbow occurs when fracture of the radial head is combined with dislocation of the elbow, fracture of the proximal ulna, fracture of a major portion of the coronoid process and rupture of the medial ligament. Stability can be restored in these injuries by inserting a radial head prosthesis which acts as a joint spacer. A metallic prosthesis which acts as a joint spacer. A metallic prosthesis was used in 15 patients and a silastic cap in 2. The results of this method of treatment for a difficult problem age good. We are not advocating the routine use of a prosthesis for simple fractures of the radial head. It is indicated for injuries where stability is poor after excision of the radial head. There is little information in the literature regarding the use of a prosthesis for radial head fractures. PMID- 7263052 TI - Adult Monteggia lesion with ipsilateral wrist injuries. PMID- 7263054 TI - An elastic suspension system for Thomas's splint. AB - An elastic suspension system for use with Thomas's splint is described. This avoids difficulties found with the commonly used pulley and weight systems. PMID- 7263053 TI - Time off work after hand injury. PMID- 7263055 TI - The contemporary use of the medicinal leech. AB - Over 100 000 patients with head injuries are admitted to General Hospitals every year in Britain (Jennet, 1978). A fair proportion of these have periorbital haematoma. Evacuation of the haematoma using a leech is a painless procedure which can be carried out by a nurse. It allows the patient to open his eye and see immediately, relieving him of discomfort and disfigurement. It allows the doctor or nurse to open the eye easily and painlessly for observation of pupil size and reaction. Leeches are cheap and very easily kept. PMID- 7263056 TI - Set of small "east/west" soft tissue self-retaining retractors. PMID- 7263057 TI - A different type of rotary lawn mower injury. AB - An unusual rotary lown mower injury is reported in which the patient received a deep wound of his gluteal area. PMID- 7263058 TI - Injury to hip. PMID- 7263059 TI - Fracture of the humerus. PMID- 7263060 TI - Simultaneous dislocations of the shoulder and the elbow. PMID- 7263061 TI - Reduction of circulating granulocytes induced by type 1 pneumococcal cell walls in New Zealand white rabbits. AB - Granulocytopenia seen during human pneumococcal disease is associated with a worsened prognosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 reduces circulating granulocytes and induces pulmonary leukostasis in rabbits. We studied which type 1 pneumococcal fraction(s) might be responsible for the reduction in circulating granulocytes. Rabbits were challenged intravenously with nonpyrogenic sterile saline, sonicated type 1 pneumococci, capsular polysaccharide from type 1 pneumococci, or cell walls from type 1 pneumococci. Nonviable pneumococci caused a mean decrease in blood granulocytes of 64% as compared with a mean increase of 124% in saline-injected controls, a difference significant at P less than 0.001. Pneumococcal cell walls induced significant decreases in circulating granulocytes at all doses tested when compared with saline-injected controls, whereas capsular polysaccharide induced no reduction in granulocytes. On a weight-for-weight basis, cell wall induced significantly more granulocyte reduction than did capsular polysaccharide at doses of either 10 mg (P less than 0.01) or 20 mg (P less than 0.005). A nonencapsulated pneumococcus also induced a profound granulocyte reduction (mean decrease in blood granulocytes, 88%) in the absence of detectable circulating polysaccharide. The cell wall fraction of S. pneumoniae type 1 was a more effective constituent in promoting the reduction in circulating granulocytes in rabbits. PMID- 7263062 TI - Antigenic and immunogenic properties of defined physical forms of tick-borne encephalitis virus structural proteins. AB - Polymeric, delipidated glycoprotein complexes of defined size and composition were prepared from tick-borne encephalitis virus by solubilization with Triton X 100 or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, followed by centrifugation into detergent free sucrose density gradients. The antigenic reactivities and immunogenicities of these complexes were compared with those of complete inactivated virus. These glycoprotein preparations induced hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies which proved to be protective in passive mouse protection tests and monospecifically reacted only with the viral envelope and not with the internal core. In a competitive radioimmunoassay the glycoprotein complexes revealed about 10-fold higher antigenicity than whole virus when tested at equal protein concentrations. The important implications of these results with respect to antigen quantification in vaccines are discussed. As shown in the mouse challenge potency test, glycoprotein complexes prepared after Triton X-100 solubilization actively protected mice almost as well as did complete inactivated virus at the same protein concentration, whereas those prepared after cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solubilization had a somewhat lower protective activity per microgram of protein. PMID- 7263063 TI - Fate of phase I and phase II Coxiella burnetii in several macrophage-like tumor cell lines. AB - Several macrophage-like tumor cell lines of murine origin were exposed to phase I and phase II Coxiella burnetii, and the subsequent fate of the parasites was determined by electron and bright-field microscopy. Phase I C. burnetii proliferated within and established a persistent infection of P388D1, J774, and PU-5-IR cell lines but not of WEHI-3 and WEHI-274 cell lines. Phase II C. burnetii, however, entered into and persistently infected all five cell lines. The parasites proliferated within vacuoles. Macrophage cell lines persistently infected with phase I and phase II C. burnetii were maintained for over 200 and 100 days, respectively. Within P388D1 cells, the phase I C. burnetii converted, in part, to phase II; phase II organisms remained in the phase II state. The differential fate of the two rickettsial phases after exposure to the WEHI-3 and WEHI-274 cells may be attributable to surface differences such as lipopolysaccharide content. PMID- 7263064 TI - Adherence of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1 to human epithelial cells and to hexadecane. AB - The ability of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1 to adhere to human epithelial cells was investigated and compared with its ability to adhere to a test hydrocarbon (hexadecane). RAG-1, a microorganism originally isolated for growth on hydrocarbon, adhered to epithelial cells when grown under conditions which promote its adherence to hexadecane; similarly, RAG-1 cells adhered poorly to epithelial cells when grown under conditions which cause the cells to possess low affinity towards hexadecane. A mutant derived from RAG-1, MR-481, deficient in its ability to adhere to hydrocarbon, was similarly unable to adhere to epithelial cells. RAG-1 adherence to epithelial cells was not blocked by a number of sugars tested. Streptococcus pyogenes, whose adherence to epithelial cells has been previously attributed to hydrophobic interactions, was also able to adhere to hexadecane. Results suggest that hydrophobic interactions mediate adherence of the strains studied to both epithelial cells and hydrocarbon. PMID- 7263065 TI - Pathogenicity of Spiroplasma sp. strain SMCA in rabbits: clinical, microbiological, and histological aspects. AB - Newborn rabbits inoculated intracerebrally with early-passaged broth cultures of Spiroplasma strain SMCA (suckling mouse cataract agent) either died or developed eye disease. Death occurred 4 to 12 days after infection. Rabbits which died showed hemorrhages throughout the brain, especially in areas leading to the optic nerve, and hemorrhages in the liver. SMCA could be reisolated from brain, liver, and eyes. Rabbits with eye disease did not open their eyes during an observation time of 3 to 4 months. Pathological examination revealed marked microophthalmia and severe cataract formation characterized by complete degeneration of lens fibers and liquefaction and mineralization of the lens. Other ocular changes were chronic panophthalmitis with complete destruction of the retina. Neither eye disease nor death could be induced by inoculating SMCA subcutaneously into newborn rabbits. In adult rabbits, no disease occurred after intravenous or subcutaneous injection or after inoculation into the conjunctival sac. PMID- 7263067 TI - Encapsulated, coagulase-negative strain of Staphylococcus simulans. AB - An encapsulated strain of Staphylococcus simulans (strain 76) isolated from a clinical case of bovine mastitis was demonstrated by the India ink technique, using both a light microscope and an electron microscope. The strain failed to kill mice after intraperitoneal inoculation but resisted ingestion by peritoneal phagocytic cells. The behavior of the strain helps to delineate the antiphagocytic role of the capsule. PMID- 7263066 TI - Effect of host age on experimental K virus infection in mice. AB - Mice were inoculated by the oral route with K virus at 4, 8, 12, and 23 days and at 4 months of age. The effect of host age on the pathogenesis of infection was studied by immunofluorescence, virus assay, and histopathology. K virus produced a systemic infection in all animals, although the infection because progressively more limited as animals matured. In mice inoculated at 4 days of age, K virus infection resulted in a fatal interstitial pneumonia identical to that seen in newborn animals and was characterized by the presence of virus and viral antigen in pulmonary and extrapulmonary vascular endothelia, reticuloendothelial organs, and brains. In older animals, K virus infection was clinically inapparent; organ involvement was similar in distribution to that seen in fatally infected suckling ice, but cells exhibiting specific viral fluorescence were fewer in number and viral titers were lower. Although animals surviving K virus infection developed high titers of hemagglutination inhibition antibody to the virus, positive cells and infectious virus could still be detected in intestines 2 months after inoculation. In animals inoculated at 8 and 12 days of age, in which K virus produced an extensive initial infection, virus could also be detected 56 days after inoculation in lungs, livers, spleens, and brains. The present study indicates that murine K virus produces a systemic infection throughout the life of its host and that the maturation of host defenses and the development of specific humoral immunity, although they limit dissemination of virus during acute infection, may not eliminate viral persistence in intestines or other organs once infection has occurred. PMID- 7263068 TI - Effect of cycloheximide on the infective yield of a genital strain of Chlamydia trachomatis in McCoy cells. AB - The yield of infectious progeny of a genital strain of Chlamydia trachomatis in cycloheximide-treated McCoy cell cultures was 11-fold lower than that in untreated monolayers. PMID- 7263069 TI - Persistent enhancement of cell-mediated and antibody immune responses after administration of muramyl dipeptide derivatives with antigen in metabolizable oil. AB - Circulating antibody titers can be increased when the antigen is administered in an aqueous medium with N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide). Results reported here show that cell-mediated immunity can be demonstrated when this synthetic adjuvant or an active analog is injected with an antigen (ovalbumin) in metabolizable squalane emulsion. Under these conditions a lipophilic derivative of muramyl dipeptide was shown to be even more active and to enhance long-lasting immune responses. PMID- 7263070 TI - Comparison of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid contents, culture characteristics, and indices of pathogenicity among selected strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. AB - Thirty-one Kanagawa-positive and -negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from patient stools and seafood were examined for plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid content, culture characteristics, and indices of pathogenicity. No significant correlation was found between plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid contents and indices of pathogenicity for the strains tested. PMID- 7263071 TI - Activation of complement by cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. AB - The ability of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected HE(p)-2 cells in culture to activate complement was investigated. After incubation of cells with various complement sources and buffer, binding of C3b to surfaces of infected cells was demonstrated by immunofluorescence with a double-staining technique. Nonsyncytial and syncytial (i.e., fused, multinucleated) cells were separately enumerated. Also, lysis of RSV-infected cells was assessed by lactic dehydrogenase release. In this system only RSV-infected cells stained for C3b, and they did so only after incubation with functionally active complement. Blocking of classical pathway activation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diminished the number of infected nonsyncytial cells positively stained for C3b, but had no effect on staining of syncytial cells. Blocking of alternative pathway activation with either zymosan incubation or heat treatment decreased the number of both syncytial and nonsyncytial cells stained for C3b. Decreasing immunoglobulin concentration of the serum used as the complement source also decreased numbers of both cell types stained for C3b. Eliminating specific anti RSV antibody diminished numbers of both cell types stained for C3b, but staining was not eliminated. Lastly, incubation with functionally active complement markedly increased lactic dehydrogenase release from infected cells. This study demonstrated that RSV-infected nonsyncytial and syncytial cells are able to activate complement by both classical and alternative pathways. Activation of complement by syncytial cells appears to be less dependent on the classical pathway than is activation by nonsyncytial cells, and activation by syncytial cells may require immunoglobulin but not specific antibody. These experiments suggest the possibility of complement activation during respiratory tract infection by RSV. Implications of this are discussed. PMID- 7263072 TI - Rejection of the intestinal parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis by mast cell deficient W/Wv anemic mice. AB - The ability of W/Wv anemic mice to accumulate mucosal mast cells and to reject the intestinal parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was examined. W/Wv mice did not accumulate mucosal mast cells in response to infections with N. brasiliensis. They eliminated a primary infection more slowly than did their normal littermate controls but were as refractory as controls to second and third infections. W/Wv mice had higher serum titers of worm-specific immunoglobulin E than did controls. These results indicate that mucosal mast cells are not an absolute requirement for N. brasiliensis rejection. PMID- 7263073 TI - Age-related susceptibility of mice to ocular challenge with Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. AB - We studied the responses of mice to ocular challenge with purified exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5-, 10-, 16-, 21-, and 30-day-old animals. In the absence of trauma, injection of 3 to 6 microgram of exotoxin per mouse beneath the fused eyelids of 5-day-old Swiss-Webster mice resulted in death of all animals within 24 h. Administration of 1.5, 0.75, and 0.375 microgram of exotoxin per mouse resulted in 24-h mortality rates of 50, 22, and 20%, respectively. Additional deaths were recorded throughout the next 4 days. Similar lethality results were obtained with 10-day-old animals that received equivalent amounts of exotoxin beneath the fused eyelid and in these experiments, the 72-h 50% lethal dose was 0.49 microgram of exotoxin per mouse. Mice that were 16 and 21 days old, whose eyelids were open, each received from 0.375 to 15 microgram of exotoxin topically applied to the surface of a wounded cornea. Cataracts were observed within 1 week in both groups, and none of the animals that received the higher concentrations of toxin died. Young adult (30-day-old) animals also received from 1.8 to 15 microgram of exotoxin topically on the surfaces of wounded corneas. Corneal swelling and slight opacity were observed at 24 h and within 1 month; 80% of these mice had cataracts of the ocular lens. PMID- 7263074 TI - Lactose-reversible coaggregation between oral actinomycetes and Streptococcus sanguis. AB - Freshly isolated strains of oral actinomycetes were obtained from human dental plaque and were tested for the ability to coaggregate with common laboratory stock strains of Streptococcus sanguis. Strains belonging to the genera Actinomyces, Arachnia, Bifidobacterium, and Bacterionema were isolated. Only members of the genus Actinomyces coaggregated with the streptococci, and only Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii exhibited lactose-reversible interactions. A total of 61 strains, consisting of all of the A. viscosus isolates and 86% of the A. naeslundii isolates, coaggregated; 87% inhibited lactose-reversible coaggregation. On the basis of this property and the altered ability of strains to coaggregate after heat treatment of the cells, we delineated four coaggregation groups. The other 13% of the strains constituted a fifth group, which was characterized by a pattern of closely related interactions that were not reversed by lactose. Compared with previously characterized coaggregation properties determined with stock culture strains of actinomycetes, more than 80% of these fresh isolates exhibited identical coaggregation properties. Thus, most of the coaggregation between freshly isolated oral actinomycetes and streptococci involves lactose-reversible cell-cell interactions, which suggests that such coaggregation is mediated by a network of lectin-carbohydrate interactions between complementary cell surface structures on the two cell types. PMID- 7263075 TI - [Investigations on neurotoxicity of chemical substances at the workplace. I. Determination of the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity in persons occupationally exposed to mercury]. PMID- 7263076 TI - Aircraft noise and birth weight. PMID- 7263077 TI - [Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. IX. A method for the evaluation of limit values for parameters of internal exposure using exposure to toluene (author's transl)]. PMID- 7263078 TI - An improved method for the determination of phenol in the urine of workers exposed to benzene or phenol. PMID- 7263079 TI - Lead concentrations in mediaeval bones. PMID- 7263080 TI - [Intoxication due to dicyclohexyl-methane-4-4' diisocyanate exposure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7263081 TI - Proliferation of lung cells in chronically hypoxic rats. An autoradiographic and radiochemical study. PMID- 7263082 TI - Anaesthetic health hazards among Belgian nurses and physicians. PMID- 7263083 TI - [Investigations on the correlation between vinyl chloride (= VCM)-uptake and excretion of its metabolites by 15 VCM-exposed workers. I. Measurements of the individual VCM-exposure by means of stationary monitoring and personal air sampling (author's transl)]. PMID- 7263084 TI - Allergenic relationships of two different antigens of Kentucky bluegrass pollen. AB - Two purified allergens, allergen C and KBG-1, isolated from Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) pollen, were found to be antigenically distinct with respect to rabbit precipitating antisera produced separately to each allergen. On the other hand, allergen C and KBG-1 appeared to be allergenically identical in terms of the specificities evaluated with murine reaginic antisera produced to each of these allergens; whereas they appeared to be only partially identical when evaluated with respect to the IgE antibodies present in a pool of human sera from individuals allergic to KBG pollen. Therefore, not all of the allergenic determinants recognized by the human IgE antibodies were detected by the murine reaginic antisera. This study serves to emphasize that for a meaningful evaluation of allergenic specificities any antisera prepared in animals and intended for the standardization of allergens must recognize allergenic specificities which are similar or identical to those to which the human IgE antibodies are directed. PMID- 7263085 TI - Pregnancy-associated alpha-2-glycoprotein in recurrent oral ulceration and Behcet's syndrome. AB - Estimation of the serum concentration of pregnancy-associated alpha 2 glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) in male patients with recurrent oral ulcers (ROU) and Behcet's syndrome (BS) revealed significant increases in both groups of patients. The concentrations of alpha 2-PAG in 24 control subjects were less than 10 micrograms/ml, whereas 11/26 (42%; p less than 0.001) of patients with ROU and 20/33 (61%; p less than 0.0005) with BS had concentrations greater than 10 micrograms/ml. Indirect immunofluorescence staining for alpha 2-PAG on the surface membrane of blood mononuclear cells suggests that there is an increase in the number of alpha 2-PAG-positive cells in BS. It is not clear at present whether the increased concentrations of alpha 2-PAG might exert an inhibitory effect on the immune response. No correlation was observed between the levels of alpha 2-PAG in ROU and BS and concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, C9, factor B or lysozyme. It is therefore unlikely that the increase in alpha 2-PAG is a manifestation of an increase in acute phase protein. PMID- 7263087 TI - The binding of oestradiol-17beta to human spermatozoa - an electron microscope autoradiographic study. AB - The location of steroid binding sites with specificity for oestradiol-17beta at an ultrastructural level has been examined on human spermatozoa by electron microscope autoradiography. About 75% of the 438 gains produced by 3H-oestradiol 17beta, and counted on electron microscope autoradiographs, were found over the plasma membrane or within 1000 A of it. This study provides evidence suggesting that the plasma membrane is a site of action of oestradiol-17beta in human spermatozoa. PMID- 7263086 TI - The role of complement and IgG on zymosan opsonization. AB - Zymosan particles require opsonization for optimal interaction with granulocytes and activation of their respiratory burst. In the present study we evaluated the serum factors necessary for zymosan opsonization. First, zymosan was treated with either normal serum or hypogammaglobulinemic serum (HGS), which is deficient in immunoglobulins (Ig) but has a normal concentration of complement components. Using granulocyte chemiluminescence to assay opsonization, the activity of particles treated with HGS was 66 +/- 1.9% (mean +/- SEM) of that with normal serum (p less than 0.001), suggesting a role of Ig. HGS opsonic activity was restored to normal when the particles were also treated with IgG; however, neither heat-inactivated normal serum (56 degrees C, 30 min) nor pure human IgG alone had opsonic activity. The roles of the classical (CCP) and alternative (ACP) pathways of the complement system were also investigated. ACP activity seemed essential, since inactivation of the ACP (50 degrees C, 30 min) eliminated the activity of normal serum. However, when the ACP was intact, CCP action appeared to participate in opsonization, since selective CCP inactivation with EGTA and MgCl2 reduced the opsonic activity of normal serum by 26 +/- 3.3% (p less than 0.005). Thus, it is concluded that the ACP, CCP, and IgG all participate in zymosan opsonization. PMID- 7263088 TI - Changes in surface protein structure of bull spermatozoa during epididymal maturation. AB - The surface proteins of bull spermatozoa from caput and cauda epididymis were labelled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination and solubilized and analyzed by SDS-PAG-electrophoresis. The surface protein patterns of caput and cauda epididymal spermatozoa resembled each other but some distinct differences could be found. Caput epididymal spermatozoa revealed a protein peak with molecular weight of 15 000 - 18 000 daltons but this peak was not found on cauda epididymal spermatozoa. On caput epididymal spermatozoa the most intensely labelled protein peak was located between 90 000 and 100 000 daltons but on cauda epididymal spermatozoa the corresponding peak was only weakly labelled and had a molecular weight of 80 000 - 90 000 daltons. Surface protein with molecular weight of 42 000 - 47 000 daltons was dominating on cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The surface protein structure of cytoplasmic droplets did not drastically differ from that of epididymal spermatozoa. PMID- 7263089 TI - An assessment of the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa in the epididymis of the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). AB - The fertilizing ability of spermatozoa from differ regions of the epididymis of the marmoset monkey, Callithrix jacchus, was assessed by determining their rate of fusion with zonaless hamster ova in vitro. This technique tests for functional competence and was validated using epididymal spermatozoa of the hamster whose fertility have been measured previously by in vivo fertilization experiments. The results suggest that some marmoset spermatozoa first acquire the ability to fertilize in the distal caput and proximal corpus epididymidis although the majority become fertile on reaching the proximal cauda region. Acquisition of fertilizing capacity was associated with a change in the degree and character of sperm motility. However, it is considered that modifications to the sperm plasmalemma which allow capacitation and the acrosome reaction to occur are of primary importance for sperm fertility. The development of sperm fertilizing ability in the marmoset is discussed in relation to that in other primates. PMID- 7263090 TI - Origin of the luminal fluid proteins of the rat epididymis. AB - Using a combined microperfusion and high resolution gel electrophoresis technique, the origin of the epididymal fluid proteins of the rats has been investigated. Some proteins originate from the testis, others are secreted by the epididymis or are released by spermatozoa. Of particular interest is a 32 000 dalton protein found to be actively secreted by the caput epithelium in situ and concentrated in the lumen. The cauda epididymis contained the highest concentration of this protein. Radioactive labelling of the sperm surface proteins revealed that this protein was present on the surface of the mature cauda but not on the immature caput or corpus sperm, suggesting its acquisition by the sperm surface during epididymal transit. Another sperm surface protein of interest (MW 40 000) is present only on the plasma membrane of the cauda but not on that of the caput or corpus sperm. Since this protein was not identified in the epididymal perfusates or luminal fluids, its presence may result from some modification events taking place in the sperm membrane during maturation. PMID- 7263092 TI - The effect of LH and copulation on the number of spermatozoa in the rat testis. AB - In the present work we have re-examined our previous observations concerning the hormonal control of spermiation. We have applied a method which consists in the treatment of testicular homogenates by a detergent and subsequent counting of the resistant sperm heads. The results show that both LH administration and copulation are able to produce a significant diminution of the number of spermatozoa contained in the rat testis. PMID- 7263091 TI - The heterogeneity of Leydig cells from mouse and rat testes--evidence for a Leydig cell cycle? AB - A method for purifying Leydig cells by centrifugation of testes cells on continuous density gradients of Percoll has been investigated. The distribution of Leydig cells in the separated bands of cells obtained and their receptor content and testosterone production after addition of lutropin (LH) has been measured. In agreement with previous work (Schumacher, Schafer, Holstein & Hilz 1978) it was found that highly pure mouse Leydig cells (average density 1.070 g/ml) could be prepared by this method. These cells responded to LH and produced high amounts of testosterone (1 - 4 microgram/10(6) cells/2 h), and bound [125]hCG specifically (25 - 64 fmols hCG bound/10(6)). Similarly from rat testes, Leydig cells (average density 1.072 g/ml) were purified. These cells also responded to LH and produced 5 - 25 ng testosterone/10(6) cells/2 h and bound [125]hCG specifically (3 - 18 fmols hCG bound/10(6)cells). Two other bands of nucleated cells of lower density (approximately 1.045 and 1.052 g/ml) were formed on the gradients from both mouse and rat testes. Both these bands of cells were found to contain Leydig cells which bound [125]hCG specifically but little or not stimulation of testosterone production could be demonstrated. Fractionation of the gradients after separation of the cells into small aliquots demonstrated that fractions containing up to 100% Leydig cells could be isolated which were not stimulated to produce testosterone after addition of LH. It is concluded that in both the adult rat and mouse testes, Leydig cells of different densities and steroidogenic responsiveness to LH exist. The data obtained in this and other studies suggest that Leydig cells in the rat and mouse testes are not a homogeneous population and that they may be undergoing a continuous cycle of activity which involves changes in density and steroidogenic capacity. PMID- 7263093 TI - Radiological anatomy of the internal spermatic vein(s) in 200 retrograde venograms. AB - The radiological anatomy of the internal spermatic vein(s) was studied in 200 retrograde venograms performed as part of presurgical evaluation in patients with variocele. A large range of anatomical variations was found at the left side. Bilateral reflux occurs in one out of four patients with unilateral varicocele at palpation. Bilateral treatment is therefore necessary in as much as one fourth of cases with "unilateral' left side varicocele. In right side varicocele the spermatic vein generally enters the right renal vein. Varicocele ligation should be performed near the internal inguinal ring in order to interrupt reflux most securely. Non-surgical treatment of varicocele by means of sclerosis or embolization of the internal spermatic vein, will remain restricted to those cases in which reflux passes through only one spermatic vein. Insufficient knowledge of the anatomy of the internal spermatic vein(s), and the resulting incomplete interruption of reflux in this (or these) vessel(s) may be the cause of poor treatment results reported by some authors. PMID- 7263094 TI - Free L-carnitine in human seminal plasma. AB - It has often been suggested that determination of free L(-)-carnitine in seminal plasma may provide a good indication of epididymal function. However, there has been disagreement regarding the origin of L(-)-carnitine (epididymis and seminal vesicles) and its concentration in human seminal plasma. In this study, free L(-) carnitine was determined after deproteinization with an enzymatic spectrophotometric method. In 29 semen samples from fathers and with normal spermiograms (semen volume between 2 and 6 ml, sperm count over 20.10(6)/ml, more than 50% motile spermatozoa), the total free L(-)-carnitine in the seminal plasma was 1010 nmoles (SD: +/- 480), in 16 samples from vasectomized men it was 131 nmoles (SD: +/- 77), and in 5 from men with agenesis of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles it was 21 nmoles (SD: +/- 25). These results suggest that free L(-)-carnitine in the seminal fluid is predominantly of epididymal origin. The results of free L(-)-carnitine determinations in split ejaculates and the absence of a correlation between L(-)-carnitine and fructose concentrations in semen from normal subjects indicate that the seminal vesicles make only on minor contribution to L(-)-carnitine in the seminal plasma. PMID- 7263096 TI - Limits for using stable isotopes in studies of cholesterol metabolism in humans. PMID- 7263095 TI - Interaction of stannous ion with pyrrolidino-methyl tetracycline (PMT) in the preparation of PMT-99mTc radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 7263098 TI - A FORTRAN computer program for storage and retrieval of personal journal references. AB - A FORTRAN program is described for interactive maintenance of a personal library of journal references and reprints. The program queries the user for category (author, journal, year, title, and keyword) information during entry of new documents. Retrieval of documents in the set is accomplished by entering as many search words as desired, in any order, and in any category. The program returns documents that match for all entered words. Other functions include terminal display of the information stored for a given document and the ability to generate an alphabetized bibliographic listing from among the document set. A correction routine and a routine for listing the contents of the search word files are also included. PMID- 7263097 TI - Can cosmic rays interfere with computer memories? PMID- 7263100 TI - Exponential model for a two-ligand, regulatory enzyme. Part 2: Performance tests of the 'INDEXP' computer program for the determination of model constants from initial velocity data. I. Artificial data. AB - The exponential model for a regulatory enzyme describes the relationship between the initial velocity of the catalysed reaction and the concentration of two ligands. A program, entitled 'INDEXP' has been designed to analyse rate data in terms of the model (Kinderlerer et at., 1981) and, in this report, its performance is examined when presented with artificial data generated from known constants and random, normally distributed error. It is shown that 'INDEXP' is able to recover good estimates of the constants. PMID- 7263099 TI - Exponential model for a two-ligand, regulatory enzyme. Part 1: computer programs for the determination of the model constants from initial velocity data. AB - The exponential model for a regulatory enzyme with two ligands (either two substrates or one substrate and an effector) provides an expression for the initial velocity of the catalysed reaction in terms of the fractional saturation of the enzyme by each ligand. This paper describes a program which determines the constants of the model from velocity data, measured with respect to the concentrations of the two ligands, when the corresponding fractional saturations are unknown. Listings of the essential routines, written in BASIC, are provided. PMID- 7263101 TI - [Estimation of visco-elastic parameters of the bronchial system based on measurements obtained by dynamic tracheobronchography]. AB - Visco-elastic parameters of the bronchi system are represented by the viscous modulus and the recoil static pressure. In several generations, values of the cross-sectional area of the bronchi are defined at various moments by the results obtained with dynamical tracheo-bronchography. By means of these measures and the use of a model describing the air flow in elastic bronchi, a calculation procedure of the visco-elastic parameters has been established. PMID- 7263102 TI - Clinical pharmacology of antiarrhythmic drugs: a review and overview, part I. PMID- 7263103 TI - The physiologic availability of phenylbutazone tablets marketed in India. AB - The physiologic availability of five phenylbutazone formulations, all sugar coated tablets, marketed in India was measured in a cross-over study with six healthy male volunteers by determining drug concentrations in plasma. Single doses of 100 mg were administered and pure drug powder was used as standard. Significant differences between the bioavailability of various products were determined despite large individual variations. Two formulations were found to give bioavailabilities of about 50% that of powder. Maximum concentrations of phenylbutazone in plasma appeared after 3-10 h depending on the preparation. Therapeutic differences in normal dosing schedule may be anticipated in case on the two poorly bioavailable products. PMID- 7263104 TI - Oxytropium bromide in bronchial asthma: comparison of metered dose inhaler and powder inhalation of the anticholinergic bronchodilator oxytropium bromide in protection against acetylcholine and histamine provocation. AB - A marked protective effect of 0.2 mg oxytropium bromide (Ba 253), administered by inhalation, was observed against experimental provocation with a 3% acetylcholine solution. There is no difference between application by means of a metered dose inhaler or by means of powder inhalation. There is no marked protective effect of 0.2 mg oxytropium bromide administered by inhalation (aerosol or powder) against experimental provocation with a 0.3% histamine solution. PMID- 7263105 TI - Plasma protein binding of etomidate in different age groups and in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. AB - Plasma protein binding of etomidate, an intravenous anesthetic agent of basic nature, has been studied in healthy subjects of different age groups and in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. No differences were detected in the plasma protein binding of etomidate between young children and young adults, but elderly subjects exhibited decreased binding. Low levels of serum albumin may account in part for this decreased binding, but differences in the amount of etomidate bound per mol of albumin and in affinity constants for the binding were also apparent between young adults and elderly individuals. Although plasma protein binding of etomidate may also be decreased in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency, further studies are needed to clarify this point. PMID- 7263106 TI - Lipid-lowering agents and their meaning in the treatment of the fat metabolism atherosclerosis functional circle. AB - The clinical pharmacology of lipid-lowering agents and their meaning in the treatment of the fat metabolism-atherosclerosis functional circle are described. All the aspects associated with these important problems are carefully analyzed and the possible consequences for their rational use are interpreted. The current view of the actual situation in this field is presented and the trends in the development of prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with lipid-lowering agents in the fat metabolism-atherosclerosis functional circle are shown. Epidemiologic considerations complement these reflections. PMID- 7263107 TI - Effect of (dl) 3,7-dihydro-1,8-dimethyl-3-(2-methylbutyl)-1H-purine-2,6-dione on exercise-induced bronchospasm. AB - The authors studied the clinical activity of a synthetic theophylline derivative, (dl)-dihydro-1,8-dimethyl-1-3-(-2-methyl-butyl)-1 H-purine-2,6 dione, both after short-term treatment and in prevention of Exercise-Induced Asthma (EIA). The action of the new compound at two dosages was compared with that of anhydrous theophylline at a standard dose of 600 mg/day. The trial included 15 asthmatics, 11 males and 4 females, who showed EIA with reversible bronchospasm (improvement of at least 15% of FEV1 after administration of salbutamol at a dose of 200 mcg by means of a predosed aerosol). Asthma had been provoked by free running on a flat surface. The test was considered positive if the FEV1 was reduced at least by 20% compared with baseline level. Only 11 patients completed the protocol. In four cases the treatment had to be withdrawn due to the onset of adverse side effects. After 3 days of treatment, the drug caused a statistically significant improvement of FEV1 in comparison with baseline, but no difference from that caused by theophylline. Likewise no significant difference was noted between low and high doses of the tested drug. As regards the behavior of EIA under treatment, in 8 of 14 patients theophylline and the investigational drug proved equally effective. Two patients were protected only by theophylline, one only by the investigational drug, and three failed to be protected by either agent. The higher dose of the investigational drug protected against EIA in all the subjects protected by theophylline with one exception. Of the two doses tested, the lower one should be preferred since it has the same therapeutic effect without the most important side effects. PMID- 7263108 TI - Pharmacokinetics of etofylline after intravenous and oral administration to humans. AB - Etofylline is used in many countries as a bronchodilator. In a cross-over study in healthy volunteers serum concentrations and urinary excretion were studied after administration of etofylline (= beta-hydroxyethyltheophylline), intravenously and orally at a dose of 200 mg. Etofylline is a N-7 substituted theophylline derivative which dose not release theophylline in vitro or in vivo. It therefore has its own pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Its plasma decay after intravenous administration shows two-compartment kinetics with a rapid distribution. The alpha-phase lasted on the average 20 min and beta was 0.175 h(-1), corresponding with a beta-phase half-life of 4.1 h. The mean volume of distribution was 0.60 liter/kg, total body clearance 0.106 l.kg(-1).h(-1), and the renal clearance about 0.017 l.kg(-1).h(-1). About 20% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine. The curve determined after oral administration can be described by one-compartment kinetics. A comparison of the areas under the curve suggests that the drug was rapidly but incompletely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Its bioavailability was about 80%. Mean peak levels of etofylline were about 3.9 mg/liter after oral administration. The normal dose advocated is 50-100 mg three times a day. With the Wagner-Nelson equation a mean steady state level for this dose can be calculated at about 0.7-1.4 g/ml. Since no information is available on the pharmacodynamic properties, no conclusion can be drawn about the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug. PMID- 7263109 TI - Contrasting effect on cardiac output of digoxin and gitoxin in humans during congestive heart failure. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that the biovailability of gitoxin could be increased to 100%. Favorable pharmacokinetic parameters for this glycoside have also been found in humans. The present paper deals with the comparative hemodynamic effect of digoxin and gitoxin on nine patients suffering from heart failure. The study was conducted in a coronary care unit with continuous hemodynamic monitoring. After intravenous administration of 1 mg digoxin or gitoxin, only gitoxin was observed to have an inotropic effect leading to significant improvement of the low cardiac output in these patients. PMID- 7263110 TI - Pharmacokinetics of naproxen in patients with hypoproteinemia. AB - The pharmacokinetics of naproxen were studied in nine patients with hypoproteinemia with total protein counts between 4.5 and 5.5 g/100 ml. All patients received an oral dose of 250 mg naproxen. Plasma concentrations of the drug were determined spectrofluorometrically. In this kind of patient the drug follows a single-compartment kinetic model. The average value of Cmax is 18.55 +/ 7.05 micrograms/ml, far lower than that obtained in healthy volunteers. A linear relationship is established between the values of Cmax and the total protein concentration. The plasma protein binding is not modified in this kind of patient. The bioavailability compared with healthy volunteers receiving the same dose was 45.55%. PMID- 7263111 TI - Chlorpropamide bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. AB - The pharmacokinetics of chlorproamide was studied in eight healthy volunteers after intravenous and oral dosage. A long elimination half-life with considerable variations between subjects was recorded. The normalized areas under the curve were in close agreement between the subjects, suggesting that they had all absorbed the same magnitude of chlorpropamide. The AUCs after i.v. and p.o. administration did not differ significantly from each other. Thus, the differences in the bioavailability do not seem to be a critical factor in the previously reported large interindividual variations in chlorpropamide steady state concentrations. PMID- 7263112 TI - The frame of reference of group psychotherapy. PMID- 7263113 TI - Measurement of group climate. PMID- 7263114 TI - Boundary maintenance in inpatient therapy groups. PMID- 7263115 TI - Inpatient group psychotherapy from a systems perspective: reflections through a glass darkly. PMID- 7263116 TI - Technical advances in leading a cancer patient group. PMID- 7263117 TI - A study of curative factors in group psychotherapy with adolescents. PMID- 7263119 TI - Combined individual and group therapy for Vietnam veterans. PMID- 7263118 TI - Treatment of disturbed children in verbal and experimental group psychotherapy. PMID- 7263120 TI - Group therapy in the treatment of Vietnam combat veterans. PMID- 7263121 TI - Organ distributions and clearance studies of 99mtechnetium-labeled Corynebacterium parvum in patients with leukemia. AB - The clearance, metabolism and localization of Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) labeled with 99mtechnetium (99mTc) given intravenously was studied in various leukemia patients to develop the method and to evaluate reticuloendothelial systems (RES) function. A computer program was utilized to characterize the clearance. C. parvum 0.05 mg was labeled aseptically with 10 mCi of 99mTc with a reducing agent. It was injected intravenously over 5 s and clearance was characterized over the next 60 min. The low dose of C. parvum did not cause any symptoms. The blood or plasma clearance time (t 1/2) was in the range of 0.65 to 1.96 min, in eight patients. By whole body imaging, the distribution of C. parvum was found mainly in the liver, and to a much lesser extent in the spleen, lungs, and bone marrow. Nonparticulate 99mTc (which was not sedimented by centrifugation of blood samples at 3000 rpm for 30 min) appeared rapidly in the blood after i.v. injection accounting for more than half of the radioactivity in a few minutes. In vitro incubation of 99mTc labeled C. parvum with saline, whole blood, serum or leukocytes revealed that the release of free 99mTc resulted from the combined action of serum and leukocytes. The rapid clearance will limit the utility of this preparation in characterizing RES function in man and its modification by disease or therapy. PMID- 7263123 TI - The touching question. PMID- 7263122 TI - Use of mini-microaggregated albumin to study reticuloendothelial system (RES) function in C. parvum-treated animals. AB - Mini-microaggregated albumin colloid (particle size less than 80 A) and microaggregated albumin colloid (particle size 500-1000 A) made from human serum albumin were conjugated with 99mtechnetium and used to study reticuloendothelial system (RES) function in animals treated intravenously with C. parvum. The uptake in blood, liver and spleen were studied in untreated mice and in mice at various times after treatment with 150 or 300 micrograms of C. parvum. The blood clearance of these materials was studied in rabbits before and at various times after treatment with 0.5 mg/kg of C. parvum. In mice, 80 A-microaggregated albumin was cleared significantly faster from the blood and localized to a greater extent in the liver and spleen after C. parvum treatment. There was a positive correlation between the increased organ weight induced by C. parvum and the accelerated clearance of 80 A-microaggregated albumin. The 80 A microaggregated albumin was also cleared more rapidly from the blood of rabbits after C. parvum treatment. These studies suggest that 80 A-microaggregated albumin labeled with 99mTc is a useful tool for study of RES function in animals and because of its relatively long t 1/2 may also be useful for studies of human RES function. PMID- 7263124 TI - What is dermatitis artefacta? PMID- 7263125 TI - The frequency of causative dermatophytes in Egypt. PMID- 7263126 TI - Surgical removal of epiretinal membranes. PMID- 7263129 TI - A flexible fiberscope as secondary demonstration teaching eyepiece in ophthalmology. PMID- 7263127 TI - Aspirin effect on cataract formation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis alone or combined with diabetes. AB - The prevalence of cataracts is significantly lower in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving aspirin (mean of 2,700 mgs daily for an average of 10.4 years) as compared to the matched population not receiving aspirin. Similarly, fewer cataracts were found among a population with diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis receiving aspirin (mean of 2,340 mgs daily for an average of 8.8 years) as compared to the matched population on no aspirin. The effects of aspirin on cataract formation may result from 1) lowering of plasma tryptophan levels and increased excretion of tryptophan metabolites, 2) inhibition of aldose reductase and sorbitol formation in the diabetic lens, 3) inhibition of tryptophan or kynurenine binding to lens protein. PMID- 7263128 TI - A clinical procedure for the simultaneous recording of fast and slow EOG oscillations. PMID- 7263130 TI - Psychosocial predictors of accident/error rates in nursing studies: a prospective study. AB - A prospective study of accident/error rates was carried out on thirty-one nursing students. Recent life changes and stresses, social support available to cope with this stress, depression, illness rate, and coping skills were measured at baseline. Five weeks later students recorded accidents suffered and errors made over a week long period. The number of life changes in the previous two years made over a week long period. The number of life changes in the previous two years and the amount of adjustment required to cope with these changes, together with the social support available to help cope with these events were the most powerful predictors of accident/error rate. Together they accounted for 70 per cent of the variance. Multiple regression equations for the outcome variables were calculated to study the best linear predictor combination. Depression and coping skills had poor predictor power. The implications of the findings for health care personnel are discussed. Steps to lower the accident/error rate in those at risk are outlined. PMID- 7263131 TI - Measurement and prediction of recovery after myocardial infarction. AB - Psychological tests were completed by myocardial infarct (MI) patients during their initial hospitalization, and further tests and a structured home interview occurred seven months later (N = 28). Self-reported health, symptoms, sexual activity, and psychosocial changes were found to form an inter-related cluster of outcome measures. Poor recovery was predicted by self-reports of high trait anxiety while in hospital, and by manual occupation. Poor recovery was also associated with in-hospital reports of dissatisfaction with work and few confiding relationships. The development of a brief pencil and paper screening instrument for MI patients in need of special rehabilitation support is discussed. PMID- 7263132 TI - Peaked "T" waves with tranylcypromine (parnate) overdose. AB - A case of tranylcypromine (Parnate) overdose is presented in which the main toxic effects were headache, obtundation, hypertension, and diffusely peaked T-waves on ECG. The latter effect, which occurred in the absence of hyperkalemia, has not been previously associated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). Recent case reports of tranylcypromine toxicity are briefly reviewed, confirming the potential for hypertension, hypotension, shock, hyperpyrexia, intracranial hemorrhage, agitation, hyperkinesis, coma and death in association with overdosage, or concomitant ingestion of sympathomimetic substances or other drugs. These ECG changes add to the worrisome list of potential toxicities in an era in which MAOI are finding increased clinical use. PMID- 7263133 TI - Validation of a scale for measuring attitudes toward psychiatry in medicine. AB - An 80-item scale for measuring attitudes toward psychiatry in medicine was developed and tested. Item selection from the initial 160 items was based on factor analysis and internal consistency of the eight resulting subscales, six subscales exhibiting Cronbach Alpha coefficients ranging from .79 to .95, with two showing coefficients of .57 and .59. The subscales were sensitive to differences in medical specialty, with consultation-liaison psychiatrists exhibiting the most favorable attitudes and highly specialized physicians showing the least. The subscales correlated significantly with subscales of the Zimny Medical Specialties Preference Inventory related to preference for psychosocial and non-specialized medical activities. PMID- 7263134 TI - The poorly coping COPD patient: a psychotherapeutic perspective. AB - An etiology of maladaptive coping in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is proposed and a model for psychotherapeutic intervention with poorly coping COPD patients is presented. Failure in mourning, manifested by a lack of shift in patient's expectations and goals leads to: 1) difficulty in accepting illness related feelings of loss; 2) chronic anxiety; 3) attribution of responsibility for feelings and behavior to external factors; and 4) poor compliance with medical regime. Recommendations for establishing a therapeutic alliance with the poorly coping patient are discussed. Psychotherapeutic intervention aims at: 1) facilitating acceptance of losses and restructuring of life goals; 2) interrupting the cycle of alienation and social withdrawal; and 3) increasing patient's control over affective arousal and respiratory functioning. Utilization of supportive individual psychotherapy, family or marital therapy, and specific behavioral techniques is discussed. Family or marital therapy is seen as the treatment of choice. The psychotherapeutic model proposed is useful in promoting more adaptive coping in the COPD patient. PMID- 7263136 TI - Abstracts of the 1980 (Jan. 29-Feb. 2) Meeting of the international Neuropsychological Society at San Francisco. PMID- 7263135 TI - A selected review of the literature of adjustment to hemodialysis. AB - The manner in which dialysis patients respond to the stress of chronic renal failure has been focused on in an active body of research. The general approach to the concept of adjustment is critically reviewed and its implications for research considered. A number of important selected factors are reviewed and conclusions in each of the areas are presented. Specific problems are defined and alternative approaches proposed. PMID- 7263137 TI - A new pattern discriminant method for evoked potentials. AB - A statistical approach to evaluate evoked potentials (EPs), consisting of three stages in procedure, was proposed with an application to study on postictal changes of visually evoked potentials (VEPs). At the first step, time series data of EPs were reduced by the means of using an autoregressive (AR) model. In this way, EPs were described in terms of AR coefficient vectors. Then statistical distances which are well known as the Mahalanobis' distances were determined as a scale for dissimilarity between patterns of EPs. At the third stage, a retrospective classification through a numerical taxonomy based on similarity of patterns was demonstrated. This procedure will tell us some standards for future experiments as well as an integrative insight of results from present experiment. By the above method, it was suggested that there may be two different processes in postictal recovery of kindled cats. PMID- 7263138 TI - The influence of low-level transcortical DC-currents on response speed in humans. AB - Low-level direct currents (DC) are thought to polarize brain tissue and to affect brain processes. The present experiments investigated the effects of low-level transcortical DC-currents on response speed and physiological variables in humans. The DC-currents were applied during the warning interval within a constant foreperiod reaction time paradigm. Currents of less than 0.3 mA were applied between a vertex electrode and a noncephalic reference. The polarity of the electrical source varied randomly across trials within subjects. The first two studies showed that subjects respond fastest when the positive pole is applied to the vertex. Under the same conditions higher skin conductance responses were observed as compared to vertex negative conditions. The dynamics of the observed responses suggest that the brain "learns" to respond differentially to the different current polarities. This was confirmed by the third study, which documented different conditioned electroencephalic responses subsequent to current application. PMID- 7263139 TI - Rapid saccades code a fast allocator of the generator photic stimulus. AB - Severe interference with generation of rapid saccades seems to result in delay of recognition of lack of novelty value of a recent stimulus. This delay was experimentally detected by the nature of bioelectric processes recorded from CA3, CA1(1) and CA1(2) hippocampal pyramidal neurons during the early phases of conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane reflex to an unusual visual stimulus. The results suggest that the rapid saccades contain and transmit a fast partial code of the visual stimulus that generated them. This partial code functions as a fast allocator of memory traces (of the generator photic stimulus) that are deposited in the diffuse memory system. PMID- 7263140 TI - Serial ordering in spike trains: what's it "trying to tell us"? AB - Summarized herein is the evidence that supports the hypothesis that neuronal action potentials (spike trains) are coded not only in terms of simple discharge rate but also can be serially coded by certain patterns of spike intervals. Based on the relative interval description method of Sherry and Marczynski (1972), our analyses of single-unit activity from cerebellar cortex neurons of rats seem to support three principal categories of conclusions; (1) Serial dependence of intervals does exist. This has been demonstrated with a variety of conventional statistical tests. These serial dependencies have also been shown to be independent of the (nonsequential) interval distribution variability. (2) Information theory is appropriate for evaluating spike trains. We have developed and tested methods for computing a fractional entropy for a given number of adjacent intervals, for assessing the relative fractional entropy of any one interval in a set of intervals, for computing for a group of neurons the mean and standard deviation of fractional entropy for specified clusters or intervals, and for transforming these values so that interval clusters of differing number can all be compared on the same numerical entropy scale (percentage maximum fractional entropy). In addition to the descriptive and quantitative value of such measures, we have also demonstrated their utility in testing hypotheses and in making empirical correlations. (3) The nervous system seems to process spike train intervals in "bytes", not "hits", of adjacent, serially ordered intervals. Among the several lines of evidence for this conclusion is the demonstration that drug-induced (ethanol) changes in fractional entropy of specific interval clusters seem to involve a "linked" combination of certain interval clusters, some which increase and others which decrease in incidence. Also, by using n dimensional Chi-Square methodology, we have demonstrated that the relationships of adjacent intervals represent a Markovian process in which the duration of a given interval is partially determined by the duration of as many as four immediately preceding intervals. Finally, we showed that the relative fractional entropy (% maximum) of interval clusters of different numbers does not have a Gaussian distribution but rather is distributed in surprising ways by the specific number and relative durations of adjacent intervals. So just what is the serial ordering and information content of spike train intervals trying to tell us?. Perhaps it is trying to say that the nervous system processes information on a moment-by-moment basis in terms of "bytes" of short sequences of spikes with specific patterns of relative interspike durations. If so, we should be able to identify and characterize those "bytes". Much further testing must be done before we can claim that "neural codes" operate on the principles described herein. Nonetheless, we have made the issues explicit, and in our opinion have provided enough evidence to warrant further investigation. PMID- 7263142 TI - The influence of stroke on visual gestalt operations. AB - The hypothesis that the right hemisphere is specialized for "gestalt" perception was examined by testing stroke and control subjects in a "retrieval cuing" task which is an especially promising method for assessing integrative, brain activities. The results of the study indicate that the gestalt operations are modified by damage to either the right or left hemisphere. Stroke patients seemed to have difficulty inhibiting simple, organizing cue properties, and were especially sensitive to the influence of symmetry. The deficit might best be described as a "Gestaltbindung"--loss of ability to inhibit irrelevant or conflicting gestalts so that the form properties could be thoroughly examined and compared to material being held in memory. PMID- 7263141 TI - Imbalance on the Weights Test and violence among delinquents. AB - This study forms part of a continuing series investigating the correlates of violent crime. The Weight Test, a measure of proprioceptive cognition, was administered to 41 community-retained Caucasian juvenile and adult male legal offenders whose offenses were rated for violence by the Violence Scale. As hypothesized, the Weight Test results were related to Violence Scale scores. Within four age ranges, offenders whose Weights Test scores suggested mild impairment, also had committed more violent offenses, in comparison with a combined group of those whose Weights scores suggested either: (a) no impairment or (b) moderate impairment. Reasons for the greater violence of the mildly impaired were sought within other studies of proprioceptive function as it relates to psychological disorder. PMID- 7263144 TI - A hippocampal mechanism for novelty testing and decision about execution of a response. PMID- 7263143 TI - Decreased verbal memory associated with anticholinergic treatment in Parkinson's disease patients. AB - The effects of chronic administration of the anticholinergic agent, benztropine mesylate (CogentinTM), on specific verbal memory were investigated as part of a placebo-controlled randomized double-blind crossover study to determine the clinical efficiency of CogentinTM as an adjuvant therapy with SinemetTM in Parkinson's disease. Twenty-nine males with clinically definite idiopathic Parkinson's disease participated in the trial. They were tested for acquisition of new word lists, and on four other cognitive tests before, during, between, and after two 10-week trial periods when they received either increasing doses of CogentinTM (maximum 2 mg) or placebo while on a maintenance dose of SinemetTM. Patients showed a statistically significant decrease (5--10%) in word list acquisition while on CogentinTM. The anticholinergic memory effect was unrelated to the degree of improved clinical efficacy of CogentinTM for the Parkinsonism, and to initial word list acquisition ability. Verbal memory findings indicate that chronic administration of an anticholinergic in even low therapeutic dosage may play an important role in memory function. PMID- 7263145 TI - The interaction of handedness, familial sinistrality and sex on the performance of a dichotic listening task. AB - The contributions of handedness, familial sinistrality and sex to laterality effects on a dichotic listening task were examined. Left-handers exhibited left ear advantages, and right-handers showed right ear advantages in auditory asymmetry. These results varied with the sex and familial sinistrality of the subjects. Contradictions in the literature are discussed and are shown to occur most often when the subjects are left-handed or have a family history of left handedness. PMID- 7263146 TI - Latent components of potentials evoked by visual stimuli in different retinal locations. AB - Visually evoked potentials to small patterned stimuli were recorded in an occipital row of five electrodes. The location of the flashed checkerboard stimuli of three different spatial frequencies varied in five steps from 5 degrees on the left to 5 degrees on the right hemiretina. Repeated recordings were obtained from seven healthy subjects and one Multiple Sclerosis patient. Stimulus location, electrode position and their interaction had stronger effects on the components derived from a principal components analysis than the spatial frequency. Components most significantly related to these spatial frequency or to an interaction between spatial frequency and other experimental conditions showed later peak latencies than those related to electrode position or stimulus location. This finding suggests a later or more sustained processing of pattern information. Discriminant analyses using the patient's component scores, separate principal components analysis, and the analysis of the patient's residual components all suggested major differences between the patient and the normals. PMID- 7263147 TI - Assessment of neuropsychological functions in chronic alcoholics using a standardized version of Luria's Neuropsychological Technique. AB - The Standardized Version of Luria's Neuropsychological Technique was administered to separate groups of alcoholics 3 and 11 weeks abstinent from alcohol and to an equated control group. The alcoholics were impaired compared to controls on most of the battery scales; 3-week abstinent alcoholics performed poorer than 11-week abstinent alcoholics on most scales, however, only on the Rhythm scale was the difference significant. These results and other analyses suggest that chronic alcoholics suffer from a mild diffuse-generalized brain dysfunction which persists for up to at least 11 weeks of abstinence. PMID- 7263150 TI - Generalized osteoporosis with multiple fractures in an adolescent. PMID- 7263148 TI - Protein binding of chlorpromazine in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. AB - The binding of chlorpromazine (CPZ) to proteins in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured by equilibrium dialysis. In CSF from schizophrenic patients binding of CPZ was found to vary by between 19 and 72%. There was no correlation between the degree of binding and the total amount of protein in the CSF. When CPZ was equilibrated between CSF and serum in vitro almost the same distribution was found as obtained in vivo in drug-treated patients. PMID- 7263149 TI - Selective inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine and imipramine on platelet aggregation. AB - The effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and imipramine (IMP) on platelet aggregation in vitro were investigated. Both CPZ and IMP inhibited epinephrine-induced secondary aggregation in a dose-dependent fashion and changed adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced irreversible aggregation into a reversible response in human platelets. With rabbit platelets, CPZ (0.6-20 microM) and IMP (6-60 microM) showed a selective inhibitory effect on the aggregation by collagen, whereas, even at 200 microM, this effect was found neither in arachidonic acid (AA) induced aggregation nor in ADP-induced one. CPZ and IMP also inhibited human platelet aggregations induced by collagen, but not by AA. The antiaggregating action of CPZ and IMP was thought to be due to their inhibitory effects on AA liberation from platelet membranes, suggesting that they might inhibit participating enzymes (phospholipase A2, C or lipase) or the process of the activation of the enzymes. PMID- 7263152 TI - Diagnosis of joint effusion on lateral and axial projections of the knee. AB - Lateral and axial scout radiographs of 100 patients undergoing knee arthrography were evaluated for the presence of joint effusion by multiple observers. Specific observations were characterized. Knee joint effusions were diagnosed with comparable overall accuracy on lateral and axial projections. The combination of both projections increased sensitivity from 75% to 91% and decreased specificity from 87% to 27%. PMID- 7263151 TI - Intracranial complications of pediatric hematologic disorders: computed tomographic assessment. AB - Computed tomography (CT) findings in the intracranial complications of leukemia, hemophilia, and sickle cell anemia were reviewed in 19 children with these hematologic disorders. CT demonstrated intracranial hemorrhage, infarction, intracerebral mass, and post-therapeutic atrophy and leukoencephalopathy in leukemic children. Intracerebral, subarachnoid, subdural, and epidural hemorrhage was documented in patients with hemophilia. Bland and hemorrhagic infarctions were identified in children with sickle cell anemia. CT proved valuable in documenting the presence and extent of these abnormalities, titrating factor replacement in hemophiliac patients, and monitoring therapeutic toxicity in leukemic patients. PMID- 7263153 TI - Densitometric measurements of lung nodules on chest radiographs. AB - A technique is described whereby embedded nodular densities appearing on chest radiographs can be densitometrically measured without the obscurring effects of anatomic structures. The technique consists of rear-projecting a light beam into a chest radiograph and an observe adjusting this beam until the lucency matches that of the nodule's appearance. The radiography is then removed, and the lucency is scanned and analyzed with a microcomputer. Calibration data using simulated nodules show a good accuracy in measuring size, contrast, and edge gradient. PMID- 7263154 TI - Pyelorenal backflow in normal and ischemic rabbit kidneys. AB - Pyelorenal backflow during retrograde pyelography was studied in 68 kidneys of anesthetized rabbits. Thirty-three of the experiments were performed during or shortly after temporary renal arterial clamping. Pyelosinous backflow was observed in 67 and pyelovenous backflow in 65 of the 68 kidneys, occurring at an average intrapelvic pressure of 70 mmHg. This was true in intact kidneys and during arterial occlusion. Intrarenal backflow--intrusion of contrast material into the renal parenchyma--could be produced in only one of 35 experiments on intact kidneys, and occurred at an intrapelvic pressure of 119 mmHg. During arterial clamping, intrarenal backflow was observed in eight of nine experiments, occurring at intrapelvic pressures of about 70 mmHg. After removal of the clamp, intrarenal backflow was less frequent with shorter periods of arterial clamping and longer time between restoration of arterial flow before pyelography. Subcapsular extravasation of the medium with total blurring of the kidneys shadow and a prompt fall in intrapelvic pressure was the ultimate result of prolonged and extreme overdistension of the renal pelvis. It occurred at an average intrapelvic pressure of 80 mmHg. Histologic examination revealed tears in the fornix of the pelvic cavity in cases with pyelosinous backflow. If intrarenal backflow was present, there were tears leading from the pelvic cavity into the renal parenchyma. Supplementary experiments using a contrast material that could be demonstrated histologically (barium sulfate with gelatin) showed that the contrast filled the intertubular capillaries and venules. There was no evidence of backflow through the canalicular route. PMID- 7263155 TI - Noninvasive estimation of kidney function by x-ray fluorescence analysis: biological half-time and clearance of contrast material in rabbits. AB - A noninvasive method for glomerular filtration rate-determination, in which the use of radioactive tracers and sampling of plasma and urine can be omitted, is described. After injection of iodinated contrast material in rabbits, the iodine content of tissue, serum, and urine is measured by means of x-ray fluorescence analysis. The disappearance rates of iodine in tissue and serum are found to be the same, and a strong correlation is found between clearance values calculated from serum and tissue measurements. This indicates the possibility of evaluating kidney function by x-ray fluorescence analysis of contrast material in tissue only. PMID- 7263156 TI - The application of photographic reducers to autoradiographically intensified radiographs. AB - In autoradiographic intensification of underexposed images by the method of Askins, the lower densities are intensified by a much larger factor than the higher densities, thus decreasing the contrast of the intensified image. However, when the underexposed, developed, and processed image radiograph) is treated in a subtractive photographic reducer (potassium ferricyanide-sodium thiosulfate mixture) prior to activation with 35S thiourea, the fog is decreased greatly, thereby increasing the contrast of the intensified image. Of the six underexposed radiographys, involving both bone phantoms and various body regions studied after autoradiographic intensification, five were consistently rated adequate for their diagnostic certainty in comparison to the corresponding optimally exposed radiographs. PMID- 7263157 TI - Improved image quality and examination procedures in xeroradiographic peripheral angiography: an experimental study. AB - Ten dogs were used to compare conventional peripheral angiography and xeroradiographic angiography using three different concentrations of contrast material. Serial angiograms were produced in order to determine maximum arterial filling time, and a xeroradiograph was made at the predetermined maximal arterial phase. Xeroradiographic angiography consistently provided better imaging of the peripheral vessels and soft tissue. Reduction of the concentration of contrast material resulted in the loss of an image of diagnostic quality using conventional angiography, but vascular definition was maintained using xeroradiography. These studies indicate that xeroradiographic angiography not only improved peripheral vascular imaging, but is also successful at a lower concentration of contrast material, thus reducing toxic systemic effects and pain associated with the procedure. PMID- 7263158 TI - The effect of certain variables on the tumor and tissue distribution of tracers. IV. False carriers: ferric citrate. AB - The intravenous administration of Fe+3 -citrate (1.6 mg/kg body weight) was demonstrated to alter the concentration of carrier-free 67Ga and 54Mn in malignant and healthy tissues of the rat, Morris 7777 hepatoma model. When the Fe+3 was injected 2 hours before, simultaneously with, or 2 hours after 67Ga (and the rats sacrificed 4 hours after injection), the 67Ga in most normal tissues decreased, and the viable tumor concentrations increased by 135, 24, and 47%, respectively. Twenty-four hours after a simultaneous administration of Fe+3 and 67Ga, egress of 67Ga from the tumor was much less than from the healthy tissues. These changes resulted in significant improvements in viable tumor to background ratios, especially at 4 hours. These changes induced in the distribution of the two tracers by Fe+3 indicate that some kinetic characteristics are shared. This is discussed in the light of their response to carrier Ga and Mn. The use of Fe+3 shows promise as a means of improving tumor/background ratios for 68Ga and 52mMn, two short-lived positron emitters that can be used with positron scanners. Gallium-67 imaging may also be improved by these techniques. The Fe+3 increases excretion of 67Ga from the animal, and this could result in a lower radiation dose to a patient. PMID- 7263159 TI - Effects of radiographic contrast agents on spinal cord physiology. AB - Segmental reflexes in the spinal cords of cats anesthetized with chloralose were used to evaluate the neurophysiologic effects of radiographic contrast agents. The exposed lumbar spinal cord was bathed with concentrations of ionic and nonionic agents including saline, sodium meglumine diatrizoate, meglumine iothalamate, meglumine iocarmate, and metrizamide. The following responses were evaluated: flexor and extensor monosynaptic reflex; polysynaptic flexion reflexes; spontaneous ventral root activity. Hypertonic solutions generally produced a transient decrease in all reflex activity for up to 1 hour. Isotonic solutions produced no significant changes in the monosynaptic responses, but an increase in amplitude of polysynaptic responses, and increased spontaneous activity. The usual facilitory effects of flexion reflex on the flexor monosynaptic reflex were unchanged, but the expected inhibitory effect of flexion reflex on the extensor monosynaptic reflex was changed to excitatory. The relative ability to produced these effects was sodium meglumine diatrizoate greater than meglumine iothalamate greater than meglumine iocarmate greater than metrizamide. PMID- 7263160 TI - The potential of iosulamide meglumine as a contrast material for intravenous cholangiography: an experimental study in dogs. AB - Because of relatively low acute toxicity, iosulamide meglumine has been recommended as an improved contrast material for intravenous cholangiography. It has been postulated that high doses of the compound could be given safely with the expectation of achieving greater biliary excretion and improved opacification of the biliary tree. Experiments performed in dogs show that higher rates of infusion of iosulamide result in greater urinary elimination without additional biliary excretion. Consequently, iosulamide is unlikely to have any special advantage as a contrast agent. PMID- 7263162 TI - The effect of direct current countershock on the myocardium. PMID- 7263163 TI - Pneumothorax in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PMID- 7263161 TI - A re-examination of circulating gastrin and secretin levels in the human newborn. PMID- 7263164 TI - Adverse effects of caffeine. PMID- 7263165 TI - The effects of drug abuse on the natural history and progression of chronic active and chronic persistent hepatitis. PMID- 7263166 TI - HLA status in IgA nephropathy. PMID- 7263167 TI - Non-invasive localisation of tumours of the adrenal gland. PMID- 7263168 TI - Identifying and sampling minimal amounts of liquid in the peritoneal cavity. Peritoneal paracentesis and the paracolico-iliac recess: a simple bedside method. PMID- 7263169 TI - Severe thrombocytopenia secondary to acute folate deficiency. PMID- 7263170 TI - Posture and anthropometric variables in Irish males: variations with social group and rural-urban environment. PMID- 7263172 TI - Cerebral intravascular coagulation complicating diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 7263171 TI - Electrocardiographic changes produced by septal rupture after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7263174 TI - The role of urodynamic investigations. PMID- 7263173 TI - Congenital jejunal mucosal diaphragm and phytobezoar: a cause of intermittent small bowel obstruction in an adult. PMID- 7263175 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis: a two-year experience. PMID- 7263176 TI - Carcinoma of the prostate - a clinical review of 100 patients. PMID- 7263177 TI - Long-term results following surgical treatment of hallux valgus and hallux rigidus. PMID- 7263178 TI - A place for presacral neurectomy. PMID- 7263179 TI - Minimal change nephritis - a treatable cause of nephrotic syndrome in the elderly. PMID- 7263180 TI - The CEA test in breast cancer. PMID- 7263181 TI - Treatment of urinary tract infection with cefuroxime in patients with renal failure. PMID- 7263182 TI - The psychological consequences of punitive institutions. PMID- 7263183 TI - The second generation of war victims: psychopathological problems. PMID- 7263184 TI - Stereotypes and self-image: learning to be old. PMID- 7263185 TI - Orientation towards freedom in normals, psychotics and psychosomatic patients. PMID- 7263186 TI - A simplified procedure for purification of bovine growth hormone on Sephacryl S 200 superfine. AB - The isolation and purification of bovine growth hormone from pituitary glands by a shorter and efficient sequence of stages which utilizes the Reichert approach (Reichert, 1975) is described. The major innovations are: 1) precipitation in 2 M ammonium sulfate at pH 7.9 instead of pH 7.0 to obtain the extract designated as C-2 by Reichert and 2) early gel-chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 of the C-2 extract. The bGH obtained has higher specific activity than the standard reference hormone NIH-GH-B16. Electrophoretic and size homogeneity is investigated by isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. PMID- 7263187 TI - Risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Effects of age, sex and ethnicity. AB - The characteristics of 200 patients with acute myocardial infarction were determined and analyzed according to age, sex and country of origin. Older patients (greater than 65 yr) were characterized by an overall low-risk profile. Women with myocardial infarction (especially less than 65 yr) were characterized by a high-risk profile, although fewer smoked cigarettes and their high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher than in men. In patients of Asian African origin, hyperlipoproteinemia of the type IIb variety was more prevalent and the plasma triglyceride levels were higher than in the other patients. The analysis has thus indicated several distinct risk patterns among the study population; in particular, plasma and lipoprotein lipid levels were found to be an important predisposing factor for coronary artery disease in young patients, in women, and in immigrants from Asian and African countries. PMID- 7263188 TI - High density lipoprotein and arteriosclerosis. Different patterns in primary hypothyroidism and type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - Concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subfractions were contrasted in two groups of patients with hypercholesterolemia and a control group of normocholesterolemic subjects. HDL-cholesterol and HDL-protein were low in patients with Type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia, but elevated in patients with primary hypothyroidism. HDL-3 levels were low whereas those of HDL-2 remained unchanged in patients with Type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. In contrast, in the hypothyroid patients, HDL-3 remained unchanged, while HDL-2 levels were high. The role of HDL in the development of arteriosclerosis in patients with primary hypothyroidism is therefore questioned. Our findings also suggest that measurement of HDL-cholesterol alone cannot be regarded as an accurate indicator of changes in total HDL concentration in different clinical situations. PMID- 7263189 TI - Six-year experience with bovine arterial graft for hemodialysis. AB - During the last six years 29 bovine arterial grafts were implanted in 21 patients. A total of 186 angioaccesses had been performed on these patients prior to the insertion of bovine graft. Nineteen grafts (65.5%) are still patent with a mean patency time of 43 months. Ten grafts (34.5%) failed, the main cause of failure being infection. The cumulative patency of failed grafts was 46 months. PMID- 7263190 TI - Veno-occlusive disease and primary hepatic vein thrombosis in Israeli Arabs. AB - In a survey of nine major Israeli hospitals, 29 patients diagnosed between 1955 and 1975 as suffering from hepatic vein thrombosis were identified. Fifteen of the patients were Jews and 14 were Arabs. In contrast to the Jewish patients, all of whom were adults, the majority of the Arab patients were children below 10 years of age. Primary hepatic vein occlusion was 2.4 times more common among Arab than among Jewish patients. Of the 11 Arab patients with primary hepatic vein occlusion, three had histological changes typical of veno-occlusive disease; whereas in five others, thrombotic occlusion of large hepatic veins or of the vena cava was documented. Although no plant alkaloids could be directly implicated in any of the Arab patients, circumstantial evidence strongly supports such an etiology. All of our Arab patients originated from small agricultural communities where ancient methods of winnowing, which expose the home-ground wheat to a high risk of contamination by grains containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids, are still in use. This report confirms the world-wide distribution of veno-occlusive disease, and under-lines the need for a systematic search for possible sources of poisoning by pyrrolizidine alkaloids. PMID- 7263191 TI - Continuous high-dose intravenous desferrioxamine treatment for iron overload. AB - We describe a patient with heavy posttransfusion iron overload, to whom continuous high-dose i.v. desferrioxamine was administered shortly before his death. The administration of nearly 500 g of this agent was followed by urinary excretion of 5.4 g of iron. The chelator therapy lost its efficiency in the last of five courses and the patient eventually died as a result of cardiac and hepatic damage related to iron overload. The theoretical and practical implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 7263192 TI - Establishment of a fetoscopy and fetal blood sampling program in Israel. AB - The development of fetoscopy and the ability to obtain fetal blood samples have made possible the prenatal diagnosis of diseases not diagnosable by amniocentesis. Foremost among these disorders are the hemoglobinopathies. We report our experience in establishing the first program for fetoscopy and fetal blood sampling in the Middle East. The results demonstrate that the experience and training required for a fetoscopy and fetal blood sampling program can be obtained in about one year. During that year, 23 couples who fetuses were at risk for a hemoglobinopathy learned the genetic status of their fetuses. PMID- 7263193 TI - Medical, social and psychological aspects of quintuplet pregnancy and delivery. PMID- 7263194 TI - Hypophyseal gonadotropin insufficiency in a young woman with idiopathic hemochromatosis. AB - A 24-year-old women suffering from primary sterility was diagnosed in 1971 as having idiopathic hemochromatosis (IH). The diagnosis was made on the basis of high serum iron and high transferrin saturation, ferrokinetic studies, including iron absorption, liver biopsy showing heavy deposits of iron in the parenchymatous cells, and a family history. Except for slight elevations in the serum transaminases, there were no clinical or laboratory findings of liver pancreatic, myocardial, or dermal involvement by hemochromatosis. Endocrine evaluation revealed gonadotropin insufficiency as the cause of sterility. The patient was treated with periodic phlebotomies for seven years, and the mount of iron withdrawn during that time was calculated to be approximately 27 g. A repeat liver biopsy showed complete disappearance of the iron excess of the fibrotic changes that had been present in 1971. Repeated relevant clinical and laboratory studies did not reveal any pathological findings consistent with hemochromatosis. A complete endocrine evaluation, including stimulatory tests (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, insulin, and metyrapone), disclosed only findings consistent with hypophyseal gonadotropin insufficiency, and these were attributed to iron deposition. It can be assumed that the prolonged treatment with phlebotomies prevented the development of liver, pancreatic, myocardial, or other clinical endocrine disease, but had no effect on the already damaged pituitary. The patient's clinical course followed the pattern recently described in other young patients with IH. PMID- 7263195 TI - Antibiotic-responsive malabsorption: a tropical sprue-like syndrome in countries with temperate climates. AB - Antibiotic-responsive malabsorption is prevalent in the tropics, but has been seen only sporadically in countries with temperate climates. We describe a 19 year-old Israeli patient who has never left the country and was hospitalized with shigellosis and malabsorption of fat and D-xylose. A short course of ampicillin reversed the malabsorption. The syndrome of antibiotic-responsive malabsorption in countries with temperate climates may well be underdiagnosed and should be looked for more actively. PMID- 7263196 TI - Fatal neonatal central nervous system infection caused by Citrobacter diversus. AB - Citrobacter diversus is a serious, albeit rare, offender of the central nervous system (CNS) in the neonatal period and in early infancy. We report here a case of neonatal CNS infection caused by C. diversus. The course of the illness was one of rapid deterioration, leading to recurrent seizures, coma and death. Since neonatal C. diversus CNS infection carries a grave prognosis, intraventricular administration of gentamicin should be considered. PMID- 7263197 TI - Coexistence of pheochromocytoma and renal artery occlusion in a patient with malignant hypertension. AB - A patient with malignant hypertension due to the simultaneous occurrence of pheochromocytoma and renal artery occlusion is described. The pheochromocytoma was resected, but hypertension persisted postoperatively and significant renovascular disease was observed. The blood pressure returned to normal after nephrectomy. The possible pathogenetic link between the two conditions is discussed, and a therapeutic approach is suggested. PMID- 7263198 TI - Relation between maternal and fetal blood glucose levels in experimentally intrauterine growth retardation. PMID- 7263199 TI - Osteoid osteoma presenting as an osteocartilaginous exostosis. PMID- 7263200 TI - Study of 90 hepatitis B surface antigen carriers in Israel. AB - A study of 90 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers in Jerusalem showed a predominance of males over females (4:1) and of North African Jews over Jews of European or American Origin. The predominance of males remained apparent, but was not significant, when origin was controlled. Possible sources of infection were contact with jaundiced patients (29%), dental treatment (58%) and drug addiction (8%). Fifty-one percent had hepatitis B core antibody (anti HBc) of the IgM class, 2% had hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg), 94% hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe) and 93% had hepatitis A antibody (anti-HAV). Fourty-two percent had donated blood at least once prior to the detection of the carrier state. Fifty-five percent of 128 asymptomatic family contacts had evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. Minor abnormalities in liver function tests were found in 22% of the carriers and splenomegaly in 11%. Of ten liver biopsies performed in these cases, one had chronic active hepatitis, five had minimal histological changes, and four were normal. PMID- 7263201 TI - Definition of the population at risk of bleeding due to factor XI deficiency in Ashkenazic Jews and the value of activated partial thromboplastin time in its detection. AB - The previously found high gene frequency of hereditary Factor XI deficiency among Ashkenazic Jews, and the risk of bleeding following trauma in this disorder, prompted us to define the population at risk of bleeding and to evaluate the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) as a screening test for its detection. The APTT values of 30 patients with severe Factor XI deficiency (0 to 0.14 unit/ml) overlapped only minimally with the APTT of 56 healthy subjects with Factor XI levels greater than 0.5 unit/ml. In contrast, APTT values of partially deficient patients (Factor XI: 0.15 to 0.49 unit/ml) overlapped substantially with the APTT values of the healthy subjects. However, when only subjects at risk of bleeding were considered (Factor XI less than 0.3 unit/ml), the overlap of APTT values was much smaller. The apparent frequency of this population at risk in the general Ashkenazic population was found to be 3.05%. If a cutoff point of an APTT value at the 80th percentile of the normal range is taken for detection of subjects belonging to this group, one will miss only 4.4% of these cases, with confidence limits of 0.1 to 21%. PMID- 7263202 TI - Spontaneous rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava. AB - A 70-yr-old man developed acute localized and generalized symptoms and signs associated with a large aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. During an emergency operation, it was found that the aneurysm had ruptured into the inferior vena cava (IVC). The fistula was closed and the aneurysm replaced by a bifurcated synthetic graft. Important factors in the operative management were: clamping of the aorta above and the common iliac arteries below the aneurysm; opening of the aneurysm through a vertical incision; control of back bleeding through the fistula by external pressure on the IVC; closure of the fistula by a continuous braided dacron suture incorporating the walls of the aneurysm and the IVC; and replacement of the aneurysm by a bifurcated synthetic graft without excision of the aneurysm. PMID- 7263203 TI - Human fascioliasis in Israel. An imported case. PMID- 7263204 TI - Fatal aplastic anemia due to indomethacin--lymphocyte transformation tests in vitro. AB - Although indomethacin has been implicated as a possible cause of aplastic anemia on the basis of a few clinical observations, its role has not been definitely established. A case of fatal aplastic anemia is described in which no drugs other than allopurinol and indomethacin were given. Indomethacin was first given four weeks prior to the onset of symptoms. A positive lymphocyte transformation test with indomethacin in vitro further substantiates the potential role of this drug in causing aplastic anemia in a susceptible patient. Fortunately, this seems to be a very rare complication. PMID- 7263205 TI - Sacral agenesis. AB - Five cases of partial or complete agenesis of the sacrum (also called the caudal regression syndrome) diagnosed at the Chaim Sheba Medical :Center are reported. Neurological dysfunction of the bladder was present in all. Two patients were diagnosed at the ages of four months and three years, and had dilated collecting systems and neurological deficits of the upper motor neuron type. In three of the patients, the malformation was recognized later, at the ages of 7 1/2, 11 and 22 years. All three had a normal urinary tract, on examination by intravenous urography, and neurological deficits of the lower motor neuron type. Although no overt reduction of renal function was noted in those of our patients in whom diagnosis was delayed, it appears that early diagnosis and treatment of the neurogenic bladder associated with the caudal regression syndrome may reduce both morbidity and discomfort. PMID- 7263206 TI - Hypovolemic shock at birth due to extensive fetomaternal hemorrhage. AB - Three cases are described in which fetomaternal hemorrhage caused hypovolemic shock at birth. The etiology was confirmed by a postpartum maternal smear which showed approximately 15% of fetal red cells in the maternal circulation. All infants had severe anemia with hematocrit values of from 11 to 15%. Initial resuscitative measures included cardiac massage and artificial ventilation. Plasma expanders were given in order to restore the effective circulatory volume. Repeated blood transfusions resulted in an increase of blood pressure to normal range in all patients. One infant survived without neurological sequelae. The other two infants died following irreversible hypoxic injuries to vital organs. Early recognition of perinatal posthemorrhagic shock is crucial for recovery, and whole blood and plasma expander transfusions should be used immediately. Early assisted ventilation, administration of type O- whole blood and the autotransfusion of fetal blood are suggested for restoring the effective circulatory volume. PMID- 7263207 TI - Early diagnosis of infective spondylitis with Gallium-67. PMID- 7263208 TI - An improved technique for arteriovenous fistula construction for hemodialysis. PMID- 7263209 TI - Torsion of an accessory spleen simulating acute appendicitis. PMID- 7263210 TI - Evoked potentials in the operating room: three examples using three sensory modalities. PMID- 7263211 TI - Fireworks trauma. PMID- 7263212 TI - Fatal pulmonary tumor microembolism complicating peritoneovenous shunt. PMID- 7263213 TI - Methacholine response in asthmatics in Hawaii. PMID- 7263214 TI - A comparison of inborn versus transferred neonates admitted to a special care unit. PMID- 7263215 TI - Football injuries in Hawaii 1979. PMID- 7263217 TI - Barometric pressure and other factors in migraine. PMID- 7263216 TI - Use of vinblastine-treated platelets in drug-immune thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7263218 TI - Emotional vulnerability of the antinociceptive system: relevance in psychosomatic headache. PMID- 7263219 TI - Hyperresponsiveness of migraine patients to bromocriptine. PMID- 7263220 TI - Cognitive behavioral treatment of chronic headache. PMID- 7263221 TI - A bedside test for determining the sub-types of vascular headache. PMID- 7263222 TI - Mechanism of the biofeedback therapy of migraine: volitional manipulation of the psychophysiological background. PMID- 7263223 TI - A comparison of two psychophysiological approaches to the treatment of migraine. PMID- 7263224 TI - Exacerbation of migraine by treatment with lithium. PMID- 7263225 TI - Pupillary dysautonomia and migraine: is Adie's pupil caused by migraine? PMID- 7263226 TI - The temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome: a frequent cause of headache. PMID- 7263227 TI - The differential contribution of muscle contraction and migraine symptoms to problem headache in the general population. PMID- 7263228 TI - MMPI profiles of headache patients using self-regulation to control headache activity. PMID- 7263229 TI - Behavioral assessment considerations in the management of headache. PMID- 7263230 TI - An inquiry into the genesis of migraine headache. PMID- 7263231 TI - Lipoma-induced headache. PMID- 7263232 TI - [New aspects and developments in antipsoriasis retinoid therapy]. AB - Oral retinoids have been largely introduced in the management of psoriasis. The beneficial effect, however, differs according to the clinical type and requires an appropriate dosimetry: Pustular types respond rapidly and sufficiently to high initial doses (75 mg/d). In psoriatic erythroderma low initial doses (35 mg/d) seem indicated increasing the dose to 50 mg/d after 2-4 weeks. In chronic stationary psoriasis medium doses (50 mg/d) should be given as adjuvant treatment, combined with anthralin or UVB (SUP). In severe cases oral retinoids can be administered with systemic PUVA (RePUVA). Cheilitis, mucosal dryness and hair loss may appear temporarily as dose dependent side-effects. No hepatotoxicity was found. Interactions with serum triglycerides were seen, particularly in patients with diabetes, obesity, alcoholism and elevated triglyceride levels before treatment. Beside the compound Ro 10-9359 new synthetic derivatives are under investigation, either for topical therapy (Ro 11 1430), or for systemic therapy in lower doses (Ro 12-7554). Their mechanisms of action are still unknown. New findings suggest that retinoids may exert an immunomodulatory effect on dermal cells, in addition to their influence on keratinocytes. PMID- 7263233 TI - [The multiple hamartoma syndrome (Cowden syndrome)]. AB - The multiple hamartoma syndrome is a genetic disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by an impressive diversity and multitude of both mesodermal and epithelial hamartomas and tumors of all organ systems. The dermatological hallmarks of this probably not too rare syndrome are lichenoid centrofacial and akral papular lesions and a marked papillomatosis of the entire oral mucosa of a highly characteristic morphology which usually extends throughout the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract. The importance of this syndrome is its frequent association with malignant tumors, predominantly carcinomas of the mammary and thyroid glands. In this paper, we describe the first three cases of the German literature. No malignancies were detected; in one case, a meningeoma causing severe increase of intracranial pressure was discovered. PMID- 7263234 TI - [Neurotrophic plantar ulcers in myelodysplasia]. AB - In a female patient which had been operated shortly after birth because of lumbal myelomeningocele, suddenly trophic ulcera of the toes of her right foot occurred. Rapid healing was achieved after laminectomy and successfull exstirpation of an epidural lipoma and a fibrous band which compressed the cauda equina at the level L4. PMID- 7263235 TI - [Pigment spot polyposis (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome)]. AB - Clinical findings in Peutz-Jeghers-Syndrome in a 14-year-old female patient are presented. In addition differential diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities are discussed. Furthermore, the authors assume that ultrastructural characteristics of this pigment disorder are described for the first time. PMID- 7263236 TI - [Amiodarone pigmentation. A rare, but typical drug side-effect]. AB - Amiodarone is one of the most effective antiarrhythmic and anti-anginose drugs. A rare but typical side-effect with an incidence of 1:100 is sunburn, and of 1:1,000 a black-violet to slaty pigmentation of the sun-exposed skin areas. According to histochemical and ultrastructural findings the skin pigment deposits are considered to be lipofuscin. PMID- 7263237 TI - [Experiences with the antiestrogen tamoxifen in the therapy of oligozoospermia]. AB - Thirty-three subfertile men with idiopathic normogonadotropic oligozoospermia were treated with daily 2 x 10 mg tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, for a period of five months. The statistical evaluation of the semen parameters yielded a significant increase of the sperm count and the total sperm output after three months of treatment with a further increase after five months. The percentage of motile spermatozoa increased already after one month and remained significantly increased during the whole treatment period. Progressive motility, sperm morphology, ejaculate volume and seminal plasma fructose were not affected. Side effects were not observed. The conception rate was 38 per cent within a period of one year. PMID- 7263238 TI - [The blue spots syndrome]. AB - Chronic relapsing painful ecchymoses occurring in female patients are described as the painful bruising syndrome. Several authors postulate, that the cause of this disease may be due to sensitization to autologous erythrocytes, whereas others suggest an artificial origin. A 24 year-old woman with this disease was tested intracutaneously with autologous and homologous erythrocytes, erythrocyte stroma and phosphatidyl-L-serine. Her reactions were inconsistent. Control persons could produce similar painful ecchymotic reactions to autologous erythrocytes by manipulation of the tested areas. These results provide evidence that the painful bruising syndrome is not due to autosensitization, but is an artificial phenomenon. PMID- 7263239 TI - [Post-thrombotic axillary vein syndrome (Paget-von Schroetter syndrome)]. AB - In acute thrombosis of the subclavian and axillar vein--known in the literature as Paget-von-Schroetter syndrome--skin can also be involved if no treatment is provided. The skin lesions resemble stasis dermatitis seen in chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremity. The specific role of intima lesions of the subclavian vein caused by microtraumas is discussed because the Paget-von Schroetter-syndrome is mainly seen in physically hard working men. PMID- 7263240 TI - [Sporotrichosis]. AB - Sporotrichosis is the most common deep mycosis in many tropical regions. The etiologic agent, Sporotrichum schenckii, is easily cultivated but rarely seen in histologic sections. PMID- 7263241 TI - [Tumor-like lupus vulgaris]. AB - A 74 year old woman developed nodular infiltrations and confluating tumors within one and a half year which appeared as an unusual, tumor like variety of a lupus vulgaris. PMID- 7263242 TI - [Sulfonamide in gonorrhea]. PMID- 7263243 TI - [Hydroa vacciniforme - action spectrum. UV - tolerance following photochemotherapy]. AB - In a 14-year-old boy with hydroa vacciniforme by UV-testing was found to be the provoking wave band region. Tolerance to artificial UV-and sunlight was achieved by inducing pigmentation with oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy (PUVA). PMID- 7263244 TI - [Diagnostic accuracy in epithelial skin tumors]. AB - Between 1967 and 1977 histological diagnosis of 5,238 epithelial skin tumors has been established. 38.6 percent of the material came from dermatologists in practice. The macroscopical diagnosis could be verified in 72.9 percent of the tumors. Highest rates resulted in basalioma, seborrheic keratosis, benign adnexa tumors and precancerous lesions. Clinicians yielded better diagnostic correlation than practitioners. The same was true when the histological diagnosis of epithelial skin tumors was compared with the clinical diagnosis, at a total of 64.5 percent diagnostic correlation. PMID- 7263245 TI - [Cytophagic panniculitis]. AB - A case of cytophagic panniculitis is presented. The criteria that let this form of panniculitis differentiate from the Pfeiffer-Weber-Christian disease are discussed. PMID- 7263246 TI - [Tungiasis - "Vacation dermatitis"]. AB - The symptoms of infestation by Tunga penetrans (chigoe flea or jigger) are demonstrated on a patient recently returned from Tanzania. The epidemiology and a description of the flea's development cycle are given. PMID- 7263247 TI - [Granuloma venereum. A rare, imported venereal disease]. PMID- 7263248 TI - [Neurotrophic ulcers following surgery of the trigeminal nerve I/II]. AB - We present a patient with neuro-trophic ulceration of the forehead and right nostril following the section of the trigeminal nerve because of tic douloureux. The condition is differentiated from basal cell carcinoma. The literature is briefly reviewed. PMID- 7263249 TI - Technical accuracy in historical writing. PMID- 7263250 TI - Reference Japanese man--II. Distribution of strontium in the skeleton and in the mass of mineralized bone. PMID- 7263251 TI - 60Co and 137Cs long-term biological removal rate constants for the Marshallese population. PMID- 7263252 TI - Low level ionizing radiation and human mortality: multi-regional epidemiological studies. A preliminary report. PMID- 7263254 TI - Variability of human thyroid characteristics and estimates of dose from ingested 131I. PMID- 7263255 TI - Response of the corneal epithelium to KrF excimer laser pulses. PMID- 7263253 TI - 238Pu concentrations in the marine environment at San Clemente island. PMID- 7263256 TI - Passive integrating radon monitor for environmental monitoring. PMID- 7263258 TI - The determination of exposure rate at the surface of a radioactive source. PMID- 7263257 TI - Perspective on occupational mortality risks. PMID- 7263260 TI - Criticality safety training at a fuel examination facility. PMID- 7263259 TI - The role of nuclear pharmacy in reducing radiation exposure. PMID- 7263261 TI - Radioactivity content of books. PMID- 7263262 TI - Effect of rototilling on the distribution of cesium-137 in Trinity Site soil. PMID- 7263263 TI - Projected dose commitment from fallout contamination in milk resulting from the 1976 Chinese atmospheric nuclear weapons test. PMID- 7263264 TI - Bladder wall dosimetry after the administration of 99mTc-diphosphonate. PMID- 7263265 TI - Report of a minor 125I exposure in a research laboratory. PMID- 7263266 TI - Consistent x-ray counting efficiencies for plutonium in lungs, derived by independent methods. PMID- 7263267 TI - Efficiency of Puchel, a lipophilic derivative of DTPA in removing thorium from the rat. PMID- 7263268 TI - Incorporation and turnover of tritium in neonatal mice and their mothers after feeding tritiated thymidine during pregnancy. PMID- 7263269 TI - Parameter uncertainty and estimated radiological dose to man from atmospheric 131I releases: a Monte Carlo approach. PMID- 7263270 TI - Stochastic calculations for radiation risk assessment: a Monte-Carlo approach to the simulation of radiocesium transport in the posture--cow--milk food chain. PMID- 7263271 TI - Measuring community hospital service in Michigan. AB - Using discharge abstracts from Michigan hospitals, we divided the state into hospital use communities with measured populations. We constructed population based rates measuring use, cost, and some aspects of quality. The results cover 54 communities comprising 90 percent of the Michigan population and ranging in size from Detroit (population 600,000) to very small (population less than 25,000) communities. Age-adjusted patient days per 1,000 population, length of stay, cost per person per year, hospitalization rates for surgery, trauma and vascular disease, and childbirth problems show large variations, generally ranging from 2 to 1. High values usually are positively associated with each other and with population size. Patient days per 1,000 (mean 1,114, range 600 1,700) and cost per person(mean +223, range +110-+290) are distributed such that almost 75 percent of communities are below the mean. We believe this information will be useful to community hospital trustees, physicians, and administrators. PMID- 7263272 TI - Commentaries on Measuring Community Hospital Services in Michigan. PMID- 7263273 TI - Blue Cross market share, economies of scale, and cost containment effort. AB - This paper examines two components of the hospital insurance market structure market share and the absolute number of enrollees in Blue Cross plans-to ascertain whether market structure affects the willingness of Blue Cross plans to use cost control measure. Empirical estimates show that larger plans are more likely to use prospective reimbursement, pre-admission testing, and concurrent review. Market share, however, has a positive effect only on concurrent review. We suggest that there are economies of scale to cost control efforts, but that high market share generally does not lead to increased cost-consciousness. PMID- 7263274 TI - The determination of alternative hospital classifications. AB - The problem of determining alternative hospital classifications when explicit constraints are recognized in the classification process is discussed. It is argued that such constraints are an integral part of most hospital classification processes and should be handled directly. A methodology based on cluster analysis, which can directly accommodate any number of specific constraints that might be imposed on the classification process, is described. A number of these possible constraints are presented. To illustrate the process, the methodology is applied to a data set of 200 short-term general hospitals; empirical results are presented that demonstrate the potential effects of various constraints on the hospital classification process. PMID- 7263275 TI - The effect of social selection on population dynamics of rare deleterious genes. AB - Genetically abnormal or phenotypically affected individuals may influence the reproductive behaviour of other members in the family, regardless of their phenotype. This social selection is modelled by considering that whenever the normal individual has at least one affected member in the nuclear family the person has a reduced chance in mating success or in fertility compared to those from the normal nuclear family. The usual individual selection has also been incorporated using a single locus with two alleles. The gene frequency change is divided into two parts: the change due to individual selection and that due to social selection. It has been shown that a low mutation rate, a small population size and strong selection at both stages lower the equilibrium frequency of deleterious genes. The possibility of extending the single locus model for common diseases is also discussed. PMID- 7263276 TI - Enzyme variability in natural populations of Daphnia carinata king. AB - Fifteen populations of the cladoceran crustacean, Daphnia carinata, were examined for allozyme variation at sixteen gene loci. Individuals of this cyclic parthenogen were heterozygous at only 2.1 per cent of their loci. Large differences in gene frequencies existed among the populations. Within populations genotypic frequencies were in good agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations, and remained stable during annual cycles of population growth. Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between the allelic variants at two leucine aminopeptidase loci in certain populations, suggesting that the loci are tightly linked and that populations of D. carinata are founded from few individuals. PMID- 7263277 TI - Genetic etiology and clusters in a pedigree. AB - As a preliminary tool in the investigation of a rare medical trait in a single extended pedigree or small community, some tests of non-random distribution of cases are constructed. The metrics quantifying this distribution are functions of relationship or descent. Rejection of the null hypothesis of random distribution is thus an indication of possible genetic effects, although this is not the only viable explanation. The methods are applied to a study of lymphoreticular malignancies in a Newfoundland community. This community has attracted interest by the preponderance of cases, and offers a unique opportunity for a study of the etiology of the conditions. On such a large extended pedigree it may eventually be possible to assess the relative importance of environment, infection and genetics. PMID- 7263278 TI - Complex Y-linked translocations in Delia antiqua produced by irradiation of a fertile Y-linked translocation. AB - In the onion fly, Delia antiqua, a fertile, Y-linked translocation involving chromosomes Y and 2 was irradiated with fast neutrons to induce new complexes involving the Y-chromosome. This chromosome is male determining in the onion fly. Such complexes can be used for the development of genetic sexing systems and also for the introduction of sterility into field populations following release. Irradiation reduced egg fertility by 54 per cent and significantly reduced larval survival but it had no effect on the F1 sex ratio. By measuring the fertility of 807 F1 males following outcrossing, 112 semi-sterile progenies were isolated of which 11 were lost, 29 showed no inheritance of the semi-sterility, 59 were new autosomal translocations and 13 were new complex Y-linked translocations. This classification was accomplished by checking the fertilities of outcrossed F2 males and females. Following cytological observation it was revealed that one of these new complexes involved four chromosome pairs, the remainder involved three. There appeared to be no correlation between the fertility of the translocation and the complexity of the rearrangement. The utilization of these rearrangements in the development of the genetic sexing technique for the onion fly is discussed, together with an assessment of their use for fertility reduction in natural populations. PMID- 7263279 TI - Phleborheography: a correlative study with venography. PMID- 7263280 TI - Glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency. Unusual acute hemolytic crisis in a middle-aged woman. PMID- 7263282 TI - Active tuberculosis first diagnosed at autopsy. PMID- 7263281 TI - Henry ford hospital clinicopathological conference. Hypercoagulable state in cancer of the pancreas in a 57-year-old man. PMID- 7263283 TI - Henry Ford Hospital: options and opportunities in the 1980s. PMID- 7263284 TI - Second-year follow-up study on systematic treatment of chronic pain with antidepressants. PMID- 7263285 TI - Surgical management of multicentricity, nipple-areola involvement, and bilaterality in breast carcinoma. PMID- 7263286 TI - Preliminary experience with endoscopic papillotomy. PMID- 7263287 TI - Combining provocative agents of calcitonin to detect medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. PMID- 7263288 TI - Acute and massive intraparenchymal hemorrhages of the posterior fossa. PMID- 7263289 TI - The epidural defect on myelography: some unusual causes. PMID- 7263290 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of fetal cystic hygromas associated with generalized lymphangiectasis. PMID- 7263291 TI - Dysfunction of mitral ball valve prosthesis. PMID- 7263292 TI - Kinetic and morphometric measurements of enzyme reactions in tissue sections with a new instrumental setup. AB - An instrumental setup is described for the measurement of enzyme kinetics and morphometry in tissue sections. It consists of a Vickers M85 microdensitometer and computer-assisted Kontron Videoplan system. The Videoplan system consists of a minicomputer with two mini-floppy disks, a keyboard, a graphic tablet, a TV monitor and a printer/plotter. The measuring component of the M85 is linked to the minicomputer via a BCD interface, and the optical system of the M85 is coupled to a TV camera for display on the monitor screen. The enzyme-kinetic data obtained with the M85 in a specified area of the tissue section (density values as a function of reaction time) are stored in the minicomputer. The measurement process is controlled by a corresponding measuring program. Through correlation analysis (a component of the commercial software) between density values and reaction time, the initial and thus maximum enzyme activity is determined. Upon completion of the kinetic measurements, the measured area of tissue is transferred by the TV camera to the monitor, and the reaction area is described and measured with the graphic tablet in video dialogue and related to the initial enzyme activity. With the setup described, it is possible to make microdensitometric measurements of enzyme activities in a specified tissue area while morphometrically analyzing the associated reaction area. To illustrate the use of the system, enzyme-kinetic (succinate dehydrogenase) and morphometric measurements are performed in tissue sections from the proximal tubule of the rat nephron. Additional applications of the system are discussed. PMID- 7263293 TI - A new histochemical method to assess and evaluate potential bone marrow damage from therapeutic substances. AB - A new model is presented for assessing and evaluating the influence of bone marrow-damaging substances in mice. Qualitative and quantitative results of histological, histochemical and enzyme histochemical studies facilitate the assessment of bone marrow damage in terms of extent and intensity. Bone marrow taken from the right femur of treated animals was embedded in renal tissue of controls for subsequent work-up in different techniques. From each of the experimental groups specimens from 10 animals were frozen in liquid nitrogen, specimens from another 10 animals were fixed in buffered formalin. Assessment and evaluation of changes was performed after the required histologic and histochemical staining (nucleic acid). Results were correlated with the cytology of bone marrow smears sampled from the left femur of each respective animal. Damage was visualized, in smear cytology or in histologic and histochemical preparations, and quantified by microphotometry and special staining for cytochrome oxidase activity. PMID- 7263294 TI - The histochemistry of estrogen receptors. AB - Estrogen receptors in frozen section of the rat uterus were demonstrated by a radiolabeled ligand binding technique. The bound hormone was extracted with ethanol and measured by liquid scintillation. The binding of 3H-estradiol-17 beta at various molar concentrations was inhibited by a 100-fold excess of DES, and the bound 3H-estradiol resisted exhaustive washings at 4 degrees C for 16 h. These binding sites were not present in the sections of the spleen, and perhaps at a very low concentration in the myocardium. Thus their binding behavior and distribution pattern are consistent with those of specific estrogen receptors. The hydrophilic fluorescent estradiol conjugate, 17 beta-estradiol-6-CMO-BSA-FITC was found to be a highly effective competitor against binding of 3H-estradiol to its receptors in tissue sections, and is considered a useful histochemical reagent for localizing target cells with high concentrations of estrogen receptors. Estrogen receptor sites in frozen sections of human breast cancer were also measured by this radiolabeled ligand binding technique, and expressed in femtomoles of hormone bound per 1,000 cancer cells. The values were parallel to the histochemical findings in terms of percentage of the estrogen receptor positive in the cancer cell population. PMID- 7263295 TI - Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity in the small intestinal absorptive cells of postnatal rats. AB - The ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity was investigated in ultrathin (0.05 micrometer) and semithin (0.5 micrometer) sections of the small intestinal epithelial cells of postnatal rats. Until around the 15th day of neonatal life acid phosphatase activity in the duodenal and jejunal epithelial cells was observed on the microvillous membrane, the membrane of the tubulo vacuolar system, the lateral cell membrane, the lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus and the GERL of Novikoff (1963). After about the 15th neonatal day, the tubulo vacuolar system enzyme disappeared form both cells. Acid phosphatase activity then became localized on the microvillous membrane, the lateral cell membrane, the lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, and the GERL, as in adult rats. During the suckling period, acid phosphatase in the ileal cells could be seen on the microvillous membrane, the lateral cell membrane, the Golgi apparatus, the GERL, the membrane of tubulo-vacuolar system and the supranuclear vacuole. At weaning, however, the tubulo-vacuolar system and the supranuclear vacuole enzyme disappeared, and only the lysosomes and the GERL of these cells showed acid phosphatase activity, as in the adult rat. It was concluded that the acid phosphatase-containing tubulo-vacuolar system and the supranuclear vacuole in the epithelial cells of the distal intestine of suckling rats may possess a strong phagolysosomal function as well as having an absorptive capacity. PMID- 7263297 TI - Quantitative histochemical investigations of semipermeable membrane techniques for the assay of acid phosphatase in skeletal muscle. II. Non-specific reactions in control sections. AB - The absorbances of skeletal muscle fibres at 530 nm in control sections of either fresh or boiled tissue, incubated according to Meijer's semipermeable membrane technique for acid phosphatase, increase linearly with incubation time. Moreover, the absorbances continue to increase even after the incubation has been terminated by immersion of the sections in formalin. The comparatively weakly absorbing yellow reaction product originally formed is transformed with 24 h of mounting the sections into a strongly absorbing purple material with an absorption maximum at 570 nm. The original yellow product seems to be hexazotised Pararosanaline adsorbed onto tissue proteins. The formation of the purple product can be prevented by treating control sections immediately after incubation with 70% ethanol for 30 min at room temperature in place of formalin. Ethanol stabilises the yellow non-specific reaction product but does not extract it from tissue sections. The ethanol treatment thus seems useful for improving the validity of Meijer's technique. PMID- 7263296 TI - The increase in activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in skeletal muscles of rats after subcutaneous administration of N,N'-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine. AB - After subcutaneous administration of N,N'-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine (DPPD) in rats, a myogenic myopathy was produced in the skeletal muscles. In this communication, the results of the application of various histochemical techniques for the localization of oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases and isomerases and biochemical techniques for the estimation of activities of oxidoreductases in the experimental skeletal muscles are presented. The most striking results was the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase which increased dramatically during the early phase of the muscle disease. The increase in activity of the pentose phosphate shunt enzymes was the first pathological alteration and was present as early as 8 h after a single injection of DPPD. Histochemical techniques for demonstration of activity of both enzymes are therefore highly suited for the detection of minor diseases and the early onset of major diseases of the neuromuscular system. Some glycolytic enzymes as well as some enzymes of the aerobic part of the metabolism showed an early decrease or increase in activity indicating a metabolic imbalance in the muscle fibres. There were more fibres with an intermediate pattern of the energy yielding enzymes in the experimental muscle specimens then in specimens from the control groups. The activity of the catabolic hydrolytic enzymes was strongly increased in pathological muscles. The aerobic muscles were more vulnerable to DPPD than the anaerobic muscles. PMID- 7263298 TI - Quantitative histochemical investigations of semipermeable membrane techniques for the assay of acid phosphatase in skeletal muscle. III. A modified simultaneous coupling technique. AB - Meijer's semipermeable membrane technique for acid phosphatase was modified by treating sections immediately after incubation with 70% ethanol for 30 min at room temperature instead of with formalin. The modification improved the validity of the technique considerably, by stabilising the specific final reaction product formed in presumed enzyme-containing sites. The modified technique thus seems promising for assaying the activity of acid phosphatase in sections of skeletal muscle. PMID- 7263300 TI - Determination of triethyllead, diethyllead and inorganic lead ions in urine by hydride generation flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. PMID- 7263299 TI - Morphology of nuclear ribonucleoproteins in the early period of liver regeneration after irradiation. AB - Cytochemical study of hepatocytes nuclei of the liver irradiated with a dose of 650 rad and irradiated after partial hepatectomy was performed. Morphological exponents of the intensive synthesis of preribosomal RNA in the nucleolus, as well as the transcription of heterogeneous RNA contained in perichromatin fibrils were revealed under the ionizing radiation effect. The behavior of perichromatin granules in the course of the experiment suggests delay in the transport of messenger RNA to cytoplasm, influenced by gamma radiation. Nuclear bodies were observed very often in nuclei of hepatocytes of irradiated animals. PMID- 7263301 TI - Urinary excretion pattern of triethyllead, diethyllead and inorganic lead in the tetraethyllead poisoning. PMID- 7263302 TI - The effect of light exercise on the plasma superoxide dismutase activity and on the plasma noradrenaline concentration. PMID- 7263303 TI - Influence of zinc, vitamin B12 and glutathione on the liver of rats exposed to carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 7263304 TI - Effects of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the rat with reference to the effects of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 7263305 TI - Cross reactions between some pesticides and the fungicide benomyl in contact allergy. PMID- 7263306 TI - Vibration isolators for portable vibrating tools. Part 6. Problems concerning vibration force measurement. PMID- 7263307 TI - [Diagnostic value of the stapedial reflex examination by facial palsy (author's transl)]. AB - By help of the modern impedance measurement the facilities of neurootological diagnostics are expanded. Examining the acousticofacial reflex way we get valuable data on the localization of the facial nerve's lesion, respectively for differentiation between cochlear and retrocochlear damages. PMID- 7263308 TI - [Can the differential diagnosis cochlear-retrocochlear disorder be improved using the brain stem potentials with changing stimulus repetition rates? (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of click stimuli delivered at different repetition rates upon the brainstem potentials was studied by various investigators some years ago. Until now only few reports are available using this technique in recognizing retrocochlear disorders. Moreover these studies yield contradictory results. Therefore the effect of changing stimulus repetition rates in patients with cochlear lesions as well as retrocochlear disorders was studied, when registering the brainstem potentials. Results show that regarding the three parameters amplitude of potential V, latency of potential V and latency difference of potential I-V, a similar influence of a changing stimulus repetition rate could be observed in normal hearing persons and patients with cochlear lesions. However, in some cases with retrocochlear disorders (acoustic neuroma) the technique demonstrated significantly different changes, regarding the above mentioned parameters. The technique thus proved to be sometimes a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of cochlear and retrocochlear lesions. PMID- 7263309 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the nose and sinuses in relation to woodworkers. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - A case of adenocarcinoma in the maxilloethmoidal angle is reported. Progressive loss of differentiation following radiation and surgery was observed during the course of the disease. Professional etiology is discussed, the patient being woodworker for 18 years. PMID- 7263310 TI - Different HLA antigen associations for the functionally active and inactive products of the complement C4F1 allele. AB - The genetic polymorphism of the fourth component of human complement, C4, was studied in 945 unrelated Caucasian individuals. A third allele of the C4F (Rodgers) locus, termed C4F1 was demonstrated. This allele is characterized using immunofixation electrophoresis, by the presence of an additional fast-moving anodal band of C4 which distinguishes it clearly from the common C4F variant. The allelic frequencies fit the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assuming three alleles at the C4F locus: C4F, C4Fo, and C4F1. The functional activity of the C4F variants was investigated using a specific hemolytic overlay technique for C4. It was found that in almost all individuals (75 out of 78), the C4F1 allele codes for a functionally inactive C4 product only when it occurs on an HLA-B17 positive haplotype but that the same allele codes for a functionally active fast variant of C4 when it occurs on an HLS-B37 positive haplotype (18 out of 18). Very strong genetic linkage disequilibrium was observed for the C4F1 allele with HLA-B17 and B37. The active and inactive C4F1 variant also has marked nonrandom gametic association to different alleles of the Bf locus and to HLA-C locus determinants. No further variants of the C4S (Chido) locus have been identified so far. Rodgers (Rg) typing by the plasma inhibition test of anti-Rg antiserum has shown that plasma from individuals homozygous for the C4F1 allele is only able to partially inhibit anti-Rg whereas all C4F positive individuals totally inhibited the reaction. PMID- 7263311 TI - HLA-A2 as a target for cell-mediated lympholysis: evidence from immunoselected HLA-A2 negative mutant cell lines. AB - Cloned mutants of the human B lymphoblastoid cell line SB have been isolated using mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate followed by negative selection with an anti-HLA-A2 serum and complement. Absorption analysis with 125I Staphylococcus aureus protein A binding to antibody sensitized cells. HLA typing, and immune precipitation analysis showed the mutants to be serologically identical to the SB parent except for the loss of HLA-A2. When tested as target cells for cell mediated lympholysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated in the mixed lymphocyte response, the SB and mutant cell lines demonstrated comparable susceptibility when the putative targets were HLA antigens other than HLA-A2. However, when compared for susceptibility to lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes considered to be HLA-A2 specific, the SB parent was effectively killed whereas little or no killing of the HLA-A2 mutants was observed. The results provide a new line of evidence that HLA antigens recognized by antibody can also be the true molecular targets for cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 7263313 TI - Sixth Annual Meeting of the American Association for Clinical Histocompatibility testing. Abstracts. PMID- 7263312 TI - Study of the HLA system in Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - Seventy-eight patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and seventy controls from Ghana were typed for HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens, to determine whether there is an association between the HLA system and Burkitt's lymphoma. Increased relative risk was observed in Burkitt's lymphoma patients with DR7, HLA-A1 and B12(BW44). PMID- 7263314 TI - The HLA-A,B gene frequencies in the world: migration or selection? AB - Multivariate methods make it possible to condense much of the information available for a large number of alleles into one or a few synthetic variables. The geographic distribution of synthetic variables can be analyzed and plotted by the same technique used in analyzing and mapping the gene frequency of a single allele. The information contained in 21 HLA-A and HLA-B alleles from 116 world populations is condensed in principal components and discriminant functions which describe the global variation of gene frequencies along longitudes and along latitudes. Most genetic variation is associated with longitude and shows a center of symmetry in Asia. Thus Asia, or some part of it, may have been the center, both geographically and historically, of late Pleistocene migrations. However, latitude also plays a significant role (perhaps 10% of the genetic variation). A remarkable symmetry of the latitude variation in opposite (north and south) hemispheres suggest that climatic factors exercise selective pressure for certain HLA alleles. More specifically A1, A3, B7, B8, and B27 show about equally high correlation coefficients (between 0.45 and 0.55) with distance from equator. This result supports the idea that the well-known linkage disequilibria between A1 and B8, A3 and B7 are probably kept by selective pressure. PMID- 7263316 TI - Idiopathic haemochromatosis in the Australian population: HLA linkage and recessivity. AB - Studies of 78 unrelated patients and 19 families with idiopathic haemochromatosis are reported. The unrelated patients showed a highly significant association between the disease and HLA-A3. There was a less strong association with HLA-B7 and HLA-DRw2 attributed to the linkage disequilibrium between HLA-A3, B7, and DRw2. Lod scores and haplotype analysis of the families indicated a recessive mode of inheritance for an idiopathic haemochromatosis susceptibility factor in close linkage with the HLA region. These results, for Australian caucasoid patients, are not in total agreement with those reported in studies of other populations. PMID- 7263317 TI - Strong linkage disequilibria among HLA-Bw50, BfS1, and HLA-DR3/DR7, and mapping of the Bf locus. AB - Based on genotypic and phenotypic studies we have found strong linkage disequilibria in Caucasians among the genes HLA-Bw50, BfS1, and HLA-DR3 and/or DR7. The relative disequilibria, which are among the highest described in man, are delta r (BfS1, DR7) = 0.51, delta r (Bw50, BfS1, DR7) = 0.36, delta r (Bw50, DR3 or 7) = 0.72, delta r (BfS1, DR3 or 7) = 0.91, delta r (Bw50, BfS1, DR3 or 7) = 0.73. The previously described high delta r (Bw50, BfS1) and delta r (Bw50, DR7) have also been confirmed. A B parallel DR crossover family is also presented that, together with previously reported recombinant families, confirms that the Bf locus resides between HLA-B and HLA-DR. These data suggest the existence of a supergene complex of Bw50, BfS1, DR3/7 (or MB2), and hypotheses to account for the observed disequilibria are discussed. PMID- 7263315 TI - HLA antigens and immunoglobulin allotypes in patients with malignant melanoma. AB - HLA antigens and Gm, A2m, and Km allotypes were examined in Caucasian patients with malignant melanoma. No significant associations were found for any of the HLA antigens tested. Significant association was found with Gm(2), and the relative risk for individuals with this marker was calculated at 1.9. The data indicate that Caucasians positive for Gm(2) are almost twice as likely to develop malignant melanoma as those without this marker. PMID- 7263318 TI - Regression equations for systolic time intervals by echocardiography. PMID- 7263319 TI - Forced end-expiratory flow (FEF75-85) measurement: use in diagnosis of small airways dysfunction from routine spirometric tracings. PMID- 7263320 TI - Ultrasonic characteristics of intrahepatic acoustic shadowing. PMID- 7263321 TI - Correlation of serum ferritin concentration with bone marrow iron stores. PMID- 7263322 TI - Tennis elbow and radial tunnel syndrome: differential diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7263323 TI - Reactive hypoglycemia: current diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7263324 TI - Gastric rupture as a complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: report of case and review of literature. PMID- 7263325 TI - Comments on management of gallbladder disease. PMID- 7263326 TI - Surgical treatment for morbid obesity: a new technique. PMID- 7263327 TI - Aspiration versus needle biopsy in diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma in the small hospital. PMID- 7263328 TI - Recovery following prolonged postoperative renal failure. PMID- 7263329 TI - Congenital absence of the pericardium: report of a case. PMID- 7263330 TI - Abdominal ultrasound in the evaluation of the gallbladder and biliary tract: review of literature and a report of ninety-seven cases in a community hospital. PMID- 7263331 TI - Hyperviscosity secondary to polycythemia in the appropriate for gestational age neonate. PMID- 7263332 TI - The treatment of intractable rheumatoid arthritis with lymphoid irradiation. PMID- 7263333 TI - Mid-sagittal plane dosimetry in patients with extensive head and neck malignancy. PMID- 7263334 TI - Clinical radiation research in rheumatoid arthritis: caution, progress and hope. PMID- 7263335 TI - Irradiation of malignant melanoma: experience in the past and present. PMID- 7263336 TI - The radiosensitivity of malignant melanomas part II: clinical studies. PMID- 7263337 TI - Ewing's sarcoma of the vertebral column. PMID- 7263338 TI - Local control and reduced complications in split course irradiation of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7263339 TI - Radiation therapy in the management of primary malignant lymphoma of the brain. PMID- 7263340 TI - A computer-controlled radiation therapy machine for pelvic and para-aortic nodal areas. PMID- 7263341 TI - Misonidazole and radiotherapy to treat malignant glioma: a phase II trial of the radiation therapy oncology group. PMID- 7263342 TI - The use of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) as immunosuppressive therapy for organ allotransplantation and autoimmune diseases. PMID- 7263343 TI - The radiosensitivity of malignant melanomas part I: experimental studies. PMID- 7263344 TI - Radiotherapy with thrice-a-day fractionation in a short overall time: clinical experiences. PMID- 7263345 TI - The use of the countertransference in psychotherapy supervision. AB - The countertransference, the therapist's emotional reaction to the patient at each point in time, should naturally and routinely be part of the data under discussion in the supervisory session. The countertransference is so important a part of the psychotherapeutic process that to ignore it is to risk missing an important part, perhaps even the core, of what is happening in the treatment. The countertransference can be utilized in supervision without risk of intruding into the student-therapist's private life, or of turning supervision into psychotherapy, if the supervisor maintains a mental set of readiness to seek the origins of the countertransference emotions in the therapist's interaction with the patient. That these countertransference emotions also have their connections with the therapist's own neurotic conflicts is acknowledged and in no way minimized, but this is left to one side as not germane to the goals of supervision. The supervisor should always hold in mind the question, "How can these emotional reactions of the therapist lead us to a deeper understanding of the patient, of the patient's current emotional situation, and of the therapeutic process?" PMID- 7263347 TI - Sorrows and joys of the psychotherapist. PMID- 7263346 TI - The masochist is the leader. PMID- 7263348 TI - Theoretical and clinical considerations of affects in psychoanalysis. Part I. Classical theories of affect. PMID- 7263349 TI - Core processes in the organization of emotions. PMID- 7263350 TI - Core affective disturbance in abused children. PMID- 7263351 TI - Affect among Asians and Asian Americans. PMID- 7263352 TI - Homosexuals who give no history of effeminacy. PMID- 7263353 TI - Development of patterns of respiratory activity in unanesthetized fetal sheep in utero. AB - Respiratory activity (diaphragmatic electromyogram) was recorded in six unanesthetized in utero fetal lambs, between 0.7 of gestation and term. Respiratory patterns generated by the fetus showed developmental changes that included 1) an emergence of a periodic modulation of respiratory rate producing alternating active and quite phases (mean cycle length of 37 min between 130 and 140 days' gestation; 2) an increase in percentage apnea (expiratory time greater than 10 s) from 20% at 110 days to 60% at 140 days; and 3) a linear decrease in the 2-h average respiratory rate, while mean rate during active phases showed no consistent gestational decline. Electrocortical and electroocular activity was monitored in three of six fetuses; however, discrete sleep state patterns could not be consistently identified. The results demonstrate a gestational change in the respiratory patterns of the developing fetus and suggest an orderly maturation of the mechanisms controlling respiratory neuronal output. PMID- 7263354 TI - Renal function, aldosterone, and vasopressin excretion following repeated long distance running. AB - Renal and endocrine responses were studied in 10 male runners during a 20-day 500 km race. Overnight urine and prerun blood samples were taken prior to running on days 1, 2, 5, 8, 14, 17, and 20. Day 13 followed 70 h of rest. Urine flow rate, osmotic clearance, tubular free water reabsorption, urinary vasopressin excretion rate, and body weight were not significantly changed. Creatinine clearance was constant except for an elevation on day 5. Plasma osmolality was elevated on days 2, 14, and 17. Plasma sodium was increased (P less than 0.05) on days 2 and 13 but reduced on day 20. The percentage of filtered sodium excreted was significantly reduced on all nights following running and elevated on recovery day 13. Urinary aldosterone excretion rate was significantly elevated 162, 117, and 97% on days 5, 8, and 20 and returned to control levels on day 13 after 70 h of rest. These data suggest that in response to repeated long-distance running normal fluid balance is regained within 12 h. However, it is necessary to conserve sodium for at least 24 h after exercise as evidenced by the decrease in the percent filtered sodium excreted and continued elevation of aldosterone excretion. PMID- 7263355 TI - Effect of acclimatization to heat on the regulation of sweating during moderate and severe exercise. AB - Sweat regulation in two male subjects, one an athlete in training, was examined over a range of exercise intensities and environmental temperatures. The results after artificial heat acclimatization in the nonathlete showed that sweating rate over 1 h of maximal exercise increased to the same level as the athlete, but his evaporative sweat loss remained significantly (15%) lower. Rectal temperature (Tre) was reduced for a given oxygen intake (VO2) and relative work load (%VO2 max), but the difference in Tre/%VO2 max between the subjects was not significant. At different mean skin temperatures (Tsk), relative sweat rate (%msw, max), for a given Tre was unaffected and the relationship of %mSW, max with Tre was the same in both subjects. Lowering the relative work load (and thus Tre) displaced the Tre/%msw, max relationship to the right, and regression lines for different %VO2 max were parallel. The multiple regression equation %msw, max = -1,531 +/- 36.67 Tre (degrees C) + 6.08 Tsk (degrees C) (r = +0.92), related the parameters and was independent of the subject's fitness and state of acclimatization providing %msw, max was expressed in terms of the appropriate msw, max at the time of measurement. PMID- 7263356 TI - Pulmonary mechanisms and work of breathing at maximal ventilation and raised air pressure. AB - Pulmonary ventilation (V) and the interrelationships of airflow, transpulmonary pressure, and lung volume during inspiration and expiration were studied in eight healthy subjects who performed maximal exercise (MEx; 140% VO2 max), 15-s maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), and forced inspiratory and expiratory vital capacity (FVC) maneuvers at 1, 3, and 6 ATA. Maximal exercise ventilation and MVV amounted to 149 +/- 7 (mean +/- SE) and 193 +/- 9 l . min-1, respectively, at 1 ATA and were both reduced by approximately 37% at 3 ATA and by 50% at 6 ATA. Expiratory peak flows during MEx and MVV were equal to the maximal flows obtained during FVC at comparable lung volumes, whereas inspiratory peak flows during MEx were 20% less than the FVC flows. Despite a sixfold increase in gas density, the rate of mechanical work of breathing decreased when the pressure was raised to 6 ATA, during MEx from 8 +/- 1 to 6 +/- 1 W, and during MVV from 28 +/- 5 to 18 +/- 3 W. With increasing gas density there was a shift of lung volumes in the inspiratory direction with consequent reductions of inspiratory-to-expiratory flow ratios. We conclude that depletion of energy stores in the inspiratory muscles contributed to limiting V during MEx at raised air pressure. PMID- 7263357 TI - Bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine in cigarette-smoking baboons. AB - We expected that cigarette smoking would increase airway reactivity to inhaled methacholine. To remove the self-selection bias inherent among humans, we randomly assigned young male baboons (Papio cynocephalus) to cigarette-smoking or sham-smoking groups. The animals were taught to puff on lit cigarettes (smokers) or on a similar resistance (shams). After 6 pack-yr of smoking (40 cigarettes/day for 3 yr), we studied airway reactivity. The animals were anesthetized and intubated for measurement of lung volumes, compliance, and expiratory flow with air and with 80% helium-20% oxygen using both partial expiratory flow-volume and maximal expiratory flow-volume maneuvers. Baseline lung function was similar in smokers and shams. Following methacholine, residual volume increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in shams but not in smokers. Smokers showed significantly (P less than 0.04) greater postchallenge flow rates than did shams, and the dose of methacholine required to produce a 20% decrement in flow was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in smokers. Chronic cigarette smoking in a nonhuman primate model decreases airway reactivity to inhaled methacholine even when base-line lung function is normal. PMID- 7263359 TI - Effect of a precooling maneuver on body temperature and exercise performance. AB - Twelve subjects exercised to exhaustion at an ambient temperature of 18 degrees C on a bicycle ergometer with the load being stepwise increased. On one day, exercise was preceded by a precooling maneuver. In the precooling tests, deep body temperature attained values of about 1 degree C lower than in the control tests. There was no indication of metabolic cold defense reactions being evoked throughout the exercise period. In the precooling tests, heart rate was significantly lower than in the controls, but the mean maximum work rate, peak oxygen uptake (VO2), time to exhaustion, and total work were not reduced, i.e., work rate and VO2 were increased for a given heart rate. In the three subjects with the lowest maximum work rates, total work and exhaustion time and, in two cases, maximum work rate were increased after precooling. The onset of sweating occurred at higher work rates but at lower core, mean skin, and mean body temperature after precooling. However, the accumulated sweat secretion was considerably smaller after precooling, indicating less thermoregulatory effort. PMID- 7263358 TI - Basenji-Greyhound dog model of asthma: influence of atropine on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction. AB - To test the relative importance of cholinergic effects on the Basenji-Greyhound (BG) model of asthma, we administered Ascaris antigen to Ascaris-sensitive BG dogs without other treatment, and following intravenous atropine. Pulmonary resistance (RL) increased from 1.4 +/- 0.43 cmH2O . l-1 . s (mean + SE) to 26.0 +/- 5.21 after Ascaris antigen exposure in seven untreated dogs. In the same dogs pretreated with 0.2 mg/kg atropine, RL increased from 1.5 +/- 0.31 to 18 +/- 5.00. Atropine 0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg did not result in increased protection. Although 0.2 mg/kg atropine markedly inhibited the airway responses to both inhaled citric acid and methacholine, it only slightly prevented antigen-induced airway constriction. We conclude that in BG dogs, cholinergic pathways elicit bronchomotor responses to irritants but that the major component of antigen induced bronchoconstriction is not cholinergically mediated. PMID- 7263360 TI - Acid-base regulation during heating and cooling in the lizard, Varanus exanthematicus. AB - Current concepts of acid-base balance in ectothermic animals require that arterial pH vary inversely with body temperature in order to maintain a constant OH-/H+ and constant net charge on proteins. The present study evaluates acid-base regulation in Varanus exanthematicus under various regimes of heating and cooling between 15 and 38 degrees C. Arterial blood was sampled during heating and cooling at various rates, using restrained and unrestrained animals with and without face masks. Arterial pH was found to have a small temperature dependence, i.e., pH = 7.66--0.005 (T). The slope (dpH/dT = -0.005), while significantly greater than zero (P less than 0.05), is much less than that required for a constant OH-/H+ or a constant imidazole alphastat (dpH/dT congruent to 0.018). The physiological mechanism that distinguishes this species from most other ectotherms is the presence of a ventilatory response to temperature-induced changes in CO2 production and O2 uptake, i.e., VE/VO2 is constant. This results in a constant O2 extraction and arterial saturation (approx. 90%), which is adaptive to the high aerobic requirements of this species. PMID- 7263361 TI - Cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes from muscles during dynamic and static exercise. AB - In anesthetized and deafferented rabbits, rhythmic and static contractions of the hindlimb muscles were elicited by stimulating the femoral nerve at 3 and 100 Hz with the intensity of 2.0-2.5 times threshold for the motor fibers. Rhythmic contractions caused a decrease in systemic blood pressure, heart rate, and vascular resistance of the resting hindlimb with hyperpnea. Tetanic contractions caused a rise in arterial pressure, in vascular resistance of the nonexercising hindlimb, and in pulmonary ventilation with small increases in heart rate. These responses were not obtained after sectioning the somatic nerves of the exercised limb or when the cut central end of the femoral nerve or the intact nerve in curarized animals was stimulated with the same intensity of 2.0-2.5 times the motor threshold. Both depressor and pressor responses were, therefore, reflexes initiated in the contracting limbs. Removal of the skin from the exercising limb did not change the typical patterns of response. The most likely source of the observed reflexes is that from receptors activated by metabolites released in the exercising muscles. PMID- 7263362 TI - Physiological and hematologic responses to summer and winter dry-heat acclimation. AB - Differences between acclimation to heat at the end of winter (W) and at the end of summer (S) were studied on the same eight male volunteers. Subjects were exposed to 40 degrees C, 30% rh for 10 consecutive days on two separate occasions approximately 5 mo apart (S and W). Daily exposures lasted 120 min: 10 min rest, 50 min walking 1.34 m . s-1 on the level, 10 min rest, 50 min walking. During W acclimation, rectal temperature (Tre) and heart rate (HR) decreased, sweat rate (msw) remained unchanged, and plasma and red cell volume of the blood expanded. During S acclimation, HR decreased while Tre and msw remained unchanged, and plasma volume increased. The Tre of the acclimated subjects remained higher in W, and the msw lower, than in S. It was concluded that acclimation does not totally eliminate the seasonal differences in thermoregulatory set point and sweating sensitivity. Further, acclimation to a more severe heat did not lower the thermoregulatory set point that was achieved by natural acclimatization to a milder heat but affected the cardiovascular adjustment and caused greater plasma volume expansion. W acclimation caused both plasma and blood cell volume expansion, whereas S acclimation affected only plasma volume. PMID- 7263363 TI - Pulmonary mechanisms of the normal ferret. AB - Pulmonary mechanics were measured in normal anesthetized male Fitch ferrets (200 360 g). In eight transorally intubated ferrets, pressure-volume (PV) curves for the lung and chest wall were obtained with an esophageal balloon and body plethysmograph. The lung volumes and capacities expressed as a percentage of the total lung capacity (mean, 49.8 ml) were: vital capacity, 84.7%; inspiratory capacity, 63.7%; inspiratory reserve volume, 58.2%; functional residual capacity, 33.8%; expiratory reserve volume, 16.8%; residual volume, 15.3%; and tidal volume, 8.0%. The compliance of the lung (2.93 ml . cmH2O-1), chest wall (22.42 ml . cmH2O-1) and respiratory system (2.55 ml . cmH2O-1) were determined from the PV curves. The dynamic compliance (1.6 ml . cmH2O-1), pulmonary resistance (0.024 cmH2O . ml-1 . s), frequency of breathing (43.5 breaths . min-1), and minute ventilation (195 ml . min-1) were measured during spontaneous breathing. In a second group of 10 ferrets the total airway resistance (0.116 cmH2O . ml-1 . s) and specific conductance (0.915 ml . s-1 . cmH2O . ml-1) were measured during spontaneous nasal breathing. In general the pulmonary mechanics of the ferret were similar to those of the rabbit and dog, when the data were normalized for lung volume. PMID- 7263364 TI - Analysis of pulsatile pulmonary artery blood flow in the unanesthetized dog. PMID- 7263365 TI - Effect of upright exercise on threshold for cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. AB - To find whether exercise or upright posture affected the internal temperature threshold for cutaneous vasodilation or the relationship between skin blood flow (SkBF) and sweat rate (SR), the relationship of esophageal temperature (Tes) to forearm SkBF and SR was measured in four settings: supine rest, upright rest, supine exercise, and upright exercise. All studies were performed at an elevated skin temperature (38-38.5 degrees C). Compared with values from supine rest, upright exercise was associated with an increase in the internal temperature threshold for vasodilation of 0.39 +/- 0.07 degrees C (P less than 0.01), whereas there was no significant alteration in the threshold for the onset of sweating. Neither the ultimate slope of the SkBF-Tes relationship nor that of the SR-Tes relationship was altered by upright exercise. The upright posture and exercise each contributed to the elevation in the threshold for cutaneous vasodilation, with the average shifts being 0.11 +/- 0.05 degrees C (P less than 0.05) and 0.28 +/- 0.08 degrees C (P less than 0.01), respectively. The net effect of this shift in threshold was to reduce the level of SkBF at any level of Tes during exercise and to increase the difference in threshold between vasomotor and sudomotor responses. PMID- 7263366 TI - Metabolic response to respiratory heat loss-induced core cooling. AB - To study the phenomenon of isolated core cooling, four resting men breathed cooled helium-oxygen (T in = 14 +/- 2 degrees C, 40-60% relative humidity) in a warm hyperbaric chamber at pressures equivalent to 640, 1,000, and 1,400, and 1,800 ft seawater (fsw). Rectal temperature (T re) fell by 0.43 +/- 0.13 degrees C at 640 fsw to 0.98 +/- 0.15 degrees C at 1,800 fsw after 60 min. The rate at which T re fell was linearly related to the product of inspired gas density times specific heat. The metabolic response (VO2) to this isolated core cooling was more closely related to the rate of fall in T re than to the magnitude of this fall. A distinct threshold temperature, below which a rise in VO2 would occur, was not demonstrable. However, when the rate of fall of T re exceeded 0.70 degrees C . h-1, VO2 increased above base line, in spite of high skin temperatures that may have blunted the VO2 response. When VO2 did increase, its net benefit on thermal homeostasis was negated by the associated rise in pulmonary ventilation and its attendant increase in respiratory heat loss. Breathing cool helium-oxygen under hyperbaric conditions can rapidly lower deep body temperature, even in the presence of a warm body surface. PMID- 7263367 TI - Effect of aging on respiratory sensations produced by elastic loads. AB - We compared the effects of graded elastic loads on respiratory sensations in 19 healthy subjects greater than 60 yr of age to 21 healthy subjects less than 30 yr old. The magnitude of the respiratory sensation was quantitated by two well established psychophysical techniques. In the magnitude-estimation method, subjects indicated the intensity of the sensation experienced with numbers; in the cross-modality method, the level of sensation was signaled with a dynamometer activated by thumb pressure. In addition, the effects of nonrespiratory stimuli were compared in the two groups. With both methods, the logarithm of the response to elastic loads was linearly related to the logarithms of the stimulus. The slope of the line relating the log of the response to the log of the stimulus (beta) was significantly greater in the younger group than in the older group using the magnitude-estimation method but not with the cross-modality matching test. There were no differences in the ability of the two groups to assign numbers to line length. However, the older group had a lower beta for magnitude estimation of thumb force than the younger group. The results suggest 1) that respiratory sensation follows Steven's law and grows exponentially with the stimulus; 2) that the growth of sensations produced by elastic loading is less in older than in younger individuals; and 3) differences in the perception of the mode used for matching in the cross-modality test may obscure significant differences in the sensations elicited by respiratory stimuli. PMID- 7263368 TI - Coordination of breathing and swallowing in human infants. AB - Spontaneous nonfeeding swallows taken during wakefulness and sleep were identified in nine preterm infants by characteristic patterns in pharyngeal pressure, submental electromyogram, and respiratory airflow. Two hundred and seventeen swallows during ongoing respiration interrupted either inspiratory or expiratory airflow with airway closure for approximately 1 s. The duration of airway closure was independent of respiratory rate. A brief "swallow-breath" was associated with swallow onset in most instances. The respiratory nature of this movement was confirmed by simultaneous recording of a fall in pharyngeal or esophageal pressure and outward movement of the abdomen. Prolongation of the respiratory cycle was generally observed when a swallow interrupted ventilation at higher lung volumes, i.e., in late inspiration or early expiration. When the swallow interrupted ventilation at lower lung volume, i.e, in late expiration or early inspiration, the subsequent inspiratory effort was usually obstructed as it preceded airway opening at the end of the swallow synergism. PMID- 7263369 TI - Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to treadmill exercise in the horse. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic responses to graded treadmill exercise in the horse. A five-stage treadmill test up to 90% of predicted maximal heart rate was administered to five sedentary horses. The highest measured level of exercise produced a sixfold increase in cardiac output and a 41% elevation of stroke volume over standing values. Left ventricular, arterial, and right atrial pressures as well as the maximal time derivative of left ventricular pressure were all elevated during exercise. Under the same two conditions hematocrit (Hct) increased from 33 +/- 2 to 47 +/- 1%, oxygen uptake (VO2) from 1.1 +/- 0.1 to 32.7 +/0 2.1 1.min-1, and respiratory exchange ratio (RQ) increased from 0.83 +/- 0.02 to 0.96 +/- 0.01. In addition, three of the horses were willing to trot at a sixth stage (14 km.h-1, 11.5% grade), which elicited a VO2 of 39.8 +/- 0.31.min-1 and an RQ of 0.98 +/- 0.01. In response to the sympathetic stimulation of exercise, the horse is able to elevate Hct, hemoglobin, and oxygen-carrying capacity by emptying the spleen, thus increasing total circulating red blood cells by as much as 50%. This enabled three of the five horses used in the present study to increase aerobic metabolism almost 40-fold above resting or twice that seen in humans. Therefore, in the horse "blood-boosting" is an efficient mechanism for increasing aerobic metabolism. This finding lends further support to the view that the oxygen transport system limits maximal aerobic capacity in humans. PMID- 7263370 TI - Direct and reflex bronchoconstriction induced by histamine aerosol inhalation in dogs. AB - Histamine aerosols were administered to nine anesthetized, paralyzed, mechanically ventilated mongrel dogs with the cervical vagi first intact, then sectioned, and then peripherally stimulated at two intensities. Pulmonary resistance (RL) was measured, and dose-response curves were constructed in the four conditions. All dogs had dose-related increases in RL with increasing histamine aerosol concentrations. After the vagi were cut, the degree to which constant levels of vagal stimulation altered the dose-response relationships was assessed by examining the slopes and positions of the RL vs. histamine curves. Four of the nine animals studied showed evidence of increasing vagal efferent activity as the concentration of histamine in the aerosol increased, but three did not. Two of the dogs had equivocal responses in that increasing activity was suggested but not clearly demonstrated. These results indicate that, in addition to direct effects of histamine, the extent of and basis for vagal interaction with this stimulus varies among dogs. The results suggest that the basis of vagal interaction is related to either constant efferent activity (tone) or increasing efferent activity (reflexes). PMID- 7263371 TI - Prolonged central respiratory inhibition following reflex-induced apnea. AB - In newborn animals, apnea induced by superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) electrical stimulation is a potentially lethal respiratory reflex. To study the recovery respiratory patterns following cessation of an apnea-producing stimulus, without confounding blood gas changes, 12 anesthetized gallamine-paralyzed piglets (less than 8 days age) were ventilated, and end-tidal CO2 was kept constant (mean PETCO2 32.9 +/- 1.3 Torr). In addition, the vagus nerve of each piglet was sectioned bilaterally. Respiratory output was quantified by moving average of the rectified phrenic neurogram. Phrenic apnea was induced by stimulation of the central end of a SLN or cut vagus nerve for 2.5-4.5 s. SLN stimulation caused apnea that persisted for 1-48 s after stimulus cessation. The duration of poststimulus apnea was directly related to duration of SLN stimulation. Following a 10-s stimulus, respiratory output of the first recovery breath was reduced and required greater than 90 s to recover to control levels. Vagal stimulation also caused apnea but was not associated with either post stimulus apnea or prolonged respiratory inhibition. I conclude that SLN stimulation activates a central neural mechanism that inhibits respiratory output for a prolonged period after stimulus offset. PMID- 7263372 TI - Ventriculocisternal cerebrospinal perfusion in unanesthetized fetal lambs. AB - Methods have been developed for the placement of cannulas in the lateral cerebral ventricle and cisternum magnum of the fetal lamb. Three to seven days after surgery, perfusion of the cerebral ventricular system was carried out in unanesthetized lambs in utero. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was perfused at 123 microliter/min for 4-5 h with no change in fetal arterial O2 pressure, CO2 pressure, pH, mean arterial blood pressure, or heart rate. The preparation is suitable for measurements of net formation of fetal central CSF and also for producing changes in the ionic composition of the fetal CSF. PMID- 7263373 TI - Interactions between permeability and hydrostatic pressure in perfused dogs' lungs. AB - To evaluate interactions between increased permeability of the pulmonary vasculature and increased hydrostatic pressure on lung fluid flux, we measured water and blood contents of five equally thick slices of in situ perfused dogs' lungs that had been vertically suspended and, after experimental manipulations, rapidly frozen. Measurements were made under four sets of conditions (4 dogs each): 1) control; 2) increased left atrial pressure (Pla), 25 cmH2O relative to the bottom of the lung; 3) oleic acid; and 4) oleic acid and increased Pla. Significant interactions on lung water content were found between 1) oleic acid and increased Pla (P less than 0.005) and 2) oleic acid and height of the slice of lung (P less than 0.003). Blood content was significantly affected by interactions between 1) oleic acid and height of the lung slice (P less than 0.001) and 2) increased Pla and height of the lung slice (P less than 0.001). We conclude that there are significant interactions between increased permeability and hydrostatic pressure that affect regional lung water content and intrapulmonary distribution of blood. PMID- 7263374 TI - Static lung function in puppies after pneumonectomy. AB - We performed left pneumonectomy on eight puppies at 9 wk of age; seven littermates underwent a sham operation and functioned as controls. All were studied at 20 wk of age, at which time the remaining lung in the animals with pneumonectomy had the same volume, weight, and surface areas as both lungs of the controls. Total lung capacity (TLC) was the same in controls and postpneumonectomy dogs, but in the latter, the ratio of functional residual capacity to TLC (FRC/TLC) and that of residual volume to TLC (RV/TLC) were larger. Lung pressure-volume curves also differed, postpneumonectomy dogs demonstrating slightly greater recoil at lung volumes below TLC. Therefore, the increased FRC and RV of postpneumonectomy animals could not be ascribed to changes in lung recoil and must have been caused by increased chest wall recoil perhaps related to differences in shape between lung and chest wall. Studies of regional lung function revealed reduced aerated lung in the left hemithorax of the postpneumonectomy dogs and increased FRC/TLC and RV/TLC at the left base. The abnormal distribution of regional volumes did not account entirely for the increase in overall FRC and RV. Comparison of excised lung pressure-volume curves in those measured in intact animals revealed better agreement in postpneumonectomy dogs than in controls. PMID- 7263375 TI - Increases in lung lymph and albumin clearance with ethchlorvynol. AB - We studied anesthetized dogs with right lymph duct (RLD) preparations and measured lymph flow, albumin concentrations in lymph (L) and plasma (P), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). Intravenous (iv) injection of ethchlorvynol (15-25 mg/kg) was followed by significant (p less than 0.02) increases in right lymph duct flow from 0.9 +/- 0.3 to 5.4 +/- 1.6 ml/h with stable PAP, PCWP, and L/P albumin (0.8 +/- 0.05 and 0.9 +/- 0.1). Similar results in RLD flow were obtained in dogs given 1) diphenhydramine, 3 mg/kg iv loading dose and 1.5 mg.kg-1 .h -1 infusion; 2) indomethacin, 4 gm/kg iv loading dose and 4 mg.kg-1h-1 infusion; 3) methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg iv; 4) cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg iv) to induce leukopenia (900 WBC/mm3) prior to ethchlorvynol injection. Cardiac lymph flow increased also and cardiac L/P albumin remained stable. Total hemolytic complement remained normal. We conclude that lung vascular permeability is increased following ethchlorvynol injection. Ethchlorvynol may have a direct effect on lung vascular permeability since, unlike other experimental models, complement activation, leukocytes, prostaglandins, and histamine play insignificant roles. A "final common pathway" may not exist for all forms of increased permeability pulmonary edema. PMID- 7263376 TI - Influence of the lung on arterial levels of endogenous prostaglandins E and F. AB - Arterial and mixed venous levels of immunoreactive prostaglandins E (IRPGE) and F (IRPGF) were measured before, during, and after total cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or left-heart bypass (LHBP) in 22 anesthetized dogs. Mean arterial levels of IRPGE and IRPGF increased with time on bypass from prebypass levels of less than 0.01 ng/ml to 6.12 +/- 1.71 and 4.85 +/- 1.31 ng/ml, respectively, after 3-4 h of CPB. There was no significant difference between right atrial and femoral arterial prostaglandin levels during CPB. Upon restoration of normal pulmonary blood flow, arterial levels decreased toward control, and significant pulmonary artery-left ventricular gradients were observed. During LHBP, with similar extracorporeal pathophysiological conditions as CPB, but with the lungs normally perfused, arterial levels of IRPGE and IRPGF were not significantly different from prebypass levels. These data suggest that elevations in endogenous arterial IRPGE and IRPGF are due to the absence of the prostaglandin clearance function of the lung when blood is temporarily diverted from the pulmonary circulation during CPB. Therefore, the prostaglandin clearance function of the lung appears to be important in regulating arterial levels of endogenous prostaglandins E and F. PMID- 7263378 TI - Beat-by-beat stroke volume assessment by pulsed Doppler in upright and supine exercise. AB - A 3.0 MHz pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to estimate instantaneous stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (Q) in eight men during steady-state supine (S) and upright (U) exercise at 300 kpm/min. The mean transients in heart rate (HR), SV, and Q for the first 20 s of exercise in each posture were then determined. Center-line blood velocities were obtained in the ascending aorta with the transducer positioned manually in the suprasternal notch. Mean supine values for SV and Q at rest and exercise were 111 ml and 6.4 1/min and 112 ml and 9.71/min, respectively. The corresponding results for U were 76 ml and 5.61/min and 92 ml and 8.41/min, respectively. These values compare favorably with previous studies utilizing invasive procedures. The transient response of Q following the onset of exercise in U was about twice as fast as in S because of the rapid and almost immediate upsurge in SV. In S, only HR served to augment Q, as SV initially fell. The faster rise in aortic flow in U with exercise represented an additional volume (184 ml) of blood passing through the aorta compared with S in the first 20s. This must be related to the rapid mobilization of pooled venous blood from the leg veins during U. PMID- 7263377 TI - Effect of length changes on bronchial diameters. AB - The effect of physiological changes in length on the pressure-diameter (PD) behavior of large, excised, intrapulmonary pig, dog, and human bronchi was studied. Length changes did not alter PD behavior of pig bronchi. Lengthening reduced the diameter of dog bronchi but did not alter the shape of the PD curve. In humans, lengthening reduced the diameter at high transmural pressures but not at zero transmural pressure. The wave-speed theory of flow limitation was used as a first approximation to estimate the effect of the length-induced changes on maximal expiratory flow (Vmax). Use of the usual in situ (parenchyma intact) PD curve would lead to a 16% overestimation of Vmax at 45% total lung capacity (TLC) in dog and to a 17% underestimation at 64% TLC in humans. The effect in humans was age dependent and was most pronounced in subjects more than 40 yr of age. PMID- 7263379 TI - Partial flow-volume curves to measure bronchodilator dos-response curves in normal humans. AB - We examined the use of partial expiratory flow-volume (PEFV) curves to obtain dose-response curves to an inhaled beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist (salbutamol) in eight normal subjects. Maximum expiratory flow at low lung volumes increased on both PEFV and full expiratory flow-volume curves, but the increase was always considerably greater on PEFV (28.4%) than on full (14.5%) curves. The percent increase in flow on the PEFV curve was not significantly influenced by the preceding volume history being 90-120 s of tidal breathing, forced expiration to residual volume, or breath holding after a full inflation. These results suggest that normal tone during tidal breathing is temporarily reduced but not abolished by a full inflation, and once basal tone has been restored it is not enhanced by a full expiration. In seven of the eight subjects a satisfactory cumulative dose response curve to inhaled salbutamol was obtained with a plateau value of maximum flow at a dose of 110 microgram. The relatively good reproducibility of PEFV curves and the considerable bronchodilator signal obtained (29-70% increase in flow above base line in different individuals) suggest that such dose-response curves may be useful in studying normal bronchial pharmacology in vivo. PMID- 7263380 TI - Cardiovascular response to treadmill exercise in untrained rats. AB - Oxygen consumption (Vo2), cardiac output (Q), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and oxygen extraction from blood (Cao2-Cvo2) were measured in untrained rats, both at rest and during treadmill running at various speeds (10-41 m/min). Vo2 increased linearly as a function of running speed, and maximal values (83 ml O2.kg-1 min-1) represented a five-fold increase over resting values. Q, HR, SV, and Cao2-Cvo2 increased linearly as functions of Vo2. Mixed venous oxygen content (Cao2) decreased with increasing Vo2; whereas arterial oxygen content (Cao2) remained independent of Vo2; whereas arterial oxygen content (Cao2) remained independent of Vo2, averaging 19 vol%. Maximal values of these variables and their relationship to Vo2 were as follows: Q = 4.3 Vo2 + 184; Qmax = 543 ml.kg 1.min-1, HR = 3.02 Vo2 + 340; HRmax 595 beats.min-1; SV = 0.004 Vo2 + 0.603; SVmax = 0.92 ml.kg-1.beat-1; Cao2-Cvo2 = 0.13 Vo2 + 5.62; Cao2-Cvo2max = 15.5 vol%.; Cvo2 = -0.12 Vo2 + 12.94; Cvo2min - 3.4 vol%. These data suggest that HR, SV, and Cao2-Cvo2 make significant contributions to the augmentation of Vo2 in the exercising rat. PMID- 7263381 TI - Depression of serotonin uptake by cultured endothelial cells exposed to high O2 tension. AB - Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), a vasoactive amine, is removed from the pulmonary circulation by active transcellular transport into endothelial cells, followed by intracellular metabolism. Pulmonary uptake of 5-HT is depressed by high partial pressures of O2 (Po2). To characterized the cellular basis and mechanism for hyperoxic depression of lung 5-HT uptake, we evaluated the effect of high Po2 on 5-HT uptake by calf aortic endothelial cells in primary confluent monolayer. Cells were exposed to either 95% O2, or 14% O2 (controls) in 5% Co2 at 1 ATA for 20 or 42 h. Following exposure 5-[14C]HT (1 X 10-7 M) was added to the culture medium, and 5-HT uptake in pmol/10(6) cells was measured. Exposure to 95% O2 for 20 h or 42 H resulted in significant depression of 5-HT uptake by cultured endothelial cells, and uptakes remained significantly depressed 48 h after exposure to 95% O2 had ended. Inhibition of intracellular metabolism of 5-HT by iproniazid did not affect 5-HT uptake by control or O2-exposed endothelial cells. These results indicate that 1) high Po2 levels depress 5-HT uptake in endothelial cells by direct inhibition of the transcellular transport of 5-HT and 2) hyperoxic depression of 5-HT uptake in cultured endothelial cells is not readily reversible. PMID- 7263382 TI - pH of mucus in rat trachea. AB - The pH of the mucous coat of the trachea was measured in vivo through a tracheal window in anesthetized rats. Readings ranged from 7.42 to 7.57 and averaged 7.52 +/- 0.05 (SD) pH units. Injections of pilocarpine (cholinomimetic) were followed by a statistically significant decrease in pH to 7.46 +/- 0.05 (SD) and a subsequent return to initial values. These readings are in the region of what is accepted as the gel point of mucus. This closeness to the inflection point between sol and gel was not reported before and may explain some of the in situ flow properties of mucus. PMID- 7263383 TI - Physiology and morphology of pulmonary microvascular injury with shock and reinfusion. AB - The effect of hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion of the shed blood on lung microvasculature was studied in 10 anesthetized dogs during a control, a shock (40-50 mmHg aortic pressure), and a reinfusion period. Pulmonary capillary hydrostatic and oncotic pressures decreased, whereas lung lymph flow and lymph-to plasma albumin and globulin ratios increased with shock and with reinfusion, indicating an increased microvascular permeability. Calculated pore radius increased with reinfusion (p less than 0.05), whereas pore number increased both with shock and with reinfusion in eight dogs. Comparison of the autopsy results of these experiments with those of previous control and shock animals showed that with reinfusion there was a rise in lung wet-to-dry weight ratios and increased granulocytes by light microscopy. By electron microscopy, the granulocytes were intravascular, and there was alveolar wall edema without endothelial or epithelial damage. We conclude that the morphological changes in the lung with reinfusion are minimal and that our data are consistent with the hypothesis that granulocytes may cause the observed microvascular injury and interstitial edema. PMID- 7263384 TI - Mechanical properties of contracted canine bronchial segments in vitro. AB - Airways of 2-5 mm in diameter were dissected from fresh dog lungs and mounted in a tissue bath so that they could be inflated and deflated with air. Length was held constant, and pressure and volume were monitored on an X-Y recorder. Pressure-volume curves were obtained for each airway at several difference degrees of constriction, by varying the concentration of acetylcholine (ACh) in the bath. Properties of the tissue were analyzed cy cycling airways at different speeds and by inflating them to various pressures. Circumferential length-tension curves were calculated from the inflation limbs of pressure-volume curves obtained by slow cycling (90 s for a complete cycle between -10 and 40 cmH2O). Administration of a series of increasing concentrations of ACh resulted in length tension curves that were displaced to shorter lengths but not greatly altered in slope. These results suggest that slow inflation of the bronchus stretched only passive elements in series with a contractile element which shortened to the length determined by the concentration of ACh present. PMID- 7263385 TI - Prostaglandins and temperature regulation in the rhesus monkey. AB - The role of prostaglandins in nonfebrile temperature regulation in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was investigated, Indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, produced only a slight (less than 0.8 degrees C) fall in core temperature when administered intravenously (2-4 mg/kg) to warm-, cold-, and nonacclimated afebrile rhesus monkeys at ambient temperatures of 18, 27, and 33 degrees C. The fall in the core temperature was independent of the state of temperature acclimation and was brought about by nonregulated means. In addition, cold acclimation in the rhesus monkey was not associated with any change in hypothalamic sensitivity to the hyperthermic effects of exogenous prostaglandin E1. The results indicate that hypothalamic prostaglandins are not involved in normal temperature regulation of the monkey or in the process of temperature acclimation. PMID- 7263386 TI - Erythrocyte volume, plasma volume, and acid-base changes in exercise and heat dehydration. AB - Variations in erythrocyte volume [mean corpuscular volume (MCV)] were evaluated during exercise and heat stress to determine the influence on calculated plasma volume and content changes. The results of this study on 17 men indicate that the human red blood cell can increase, decrease, or remain constant in volume during physical stress depending on the combined interactions of plasma osmolality and blood pH. Shrinking of MCV can occur when the increase in plasma osmolality is larger than 5 mosmol/kg H2O and the blood pH remains within 0.1 pH units of its resting value. Erythrocyte swelling is usually noticed with maximal exercise when the blood pH is less than 7.10, in spite of 20 mosmol/kg H20 increments in plasma osmolality. The regression equations indicate that during 30 min of exercise in a cool environment the plasma shifts calculated by either the hematocrit or the hematocrit + hemoglobin method fall within 1% of each other, but during resting heat exposure the hematocrit technique under-estimates the fluid shift by 2.5 3.0%. Application of these considerations to the calculation of plasma content changes during stress made it clear that the pattern of plasma potassium content is quite different with maximal as compared with submaximal exercise. PMID- 7263387 TI - Effect of functional overload on substrate oxidation capacity of skeletal muscle. AB - We determined the effects of surgically induced functional overload (O) on rodent fast-twitch plantaris (P) and slow-twitch soleus (S) skeletal muscle substrate oxidative capacity. Compared with normal control muscles of weight-matched rats, bilateral overload produced 68 and 23% increases in the wet weight of OP and OS muscles, respectively (p less than 0.05). Total protein concentrations of the O muscles remained unchanged relative to controls. The enzymatic capacity to oxidize pyruvate, palmitate, and alpha-glycerophosphate was unchanged in OP muscles relative to controls. Certain ketone oxidative enzyme markers were increased in the whole as well as in the inner "red" and outer "white" regions of OP muscle. Citrate synthase activity (a marker for tricarboxylic acid cycle oxidative capacity) was decreased in the whole and in the red region but unchanged in the white region of OP muscles. In contrast, the above measurements were significantly decreased in the OS muscles compared with controls (p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that there is both an expansion and a change in composition of the mitochondrial pool of enlarged P muscle. The effects on OS muscle, however, suggest the possibility that the oxidative capacity is not altered parallel with the enlargement, although fibre-typing (fast-twitch to slow twitch) changes and altered mitochondrial composition could also contribute in part to the change. PMID- 7263388 TI - Brain temperatures in running quail. AB - Hypothalamic (Tb) and colonic (Tc) temperatures of adult bobwhite (colinus virginianus) were measured simultaneously while the birds were resting and running on a motor-driven treadmill at fixed belt speeds ranging from 0.42 to 0.75 m.s-1 at two air temperatures, room and 30 degrees C. For comparison, Tb and Tc were also recorded simultaneously in resting bobwhite exposed to air temperatures of 30 to 45 degrees C. Hypothalamic temperatures of both environmentally heat-stressed and running bobwhite were consistently below colonic temperatures. The mean magnitude of this body-to-brain temperature difference in birds running at the highest speeds (i.e., with the greatest exercise heat loads) and at a high air temperature (30 degrees C) was similar to that of extremely heat-stressed resting birds [ambient temperature (Ta) = 45 degrees C]. Furthermore, the body-to-brain temperature difference in quail running at 30 degrees C increases with running speed. That these birds running at maximum speeds can maintain their Tb nearly constant while Tc increases suggests enhanced heat transfer in the rete mirabile ophthalmicum, an extracranial site of arteriovenous heat exchange. PMID- 7263389 TI - Maturational changes of reflexes influencing inspiratory timing in newborns. AB - Premature infants have frequent apneic spells, which in some cases are triggered by airway obstruction or increase in respiratory load. The response of the preterm infant to increased respiratory loads has not been adequately studied. Utilizing the airway occlusion technique, we determined the percent prolongation of the occluded, compared with the preceding unoccluded breath, in 58 newborns (gestational age 28-41 wk) during the first days of life. A significant correlation was found between gestational age and percent prolongation of inspirations (r = 0.76). At 29 wk gestation, prolongation was zero and increased up to 55% at term. The low mean prolongation obtained in the very premature infants can be explained by the large number of these infants who responded with shortening of their inspiratory time during airway occlusion. The response may be secondary to the intercostal phrenic inhibitory reflex, which inhibits inspiration when distortions of the chest wall occur. The shortening of inspiration during airway occlusion in many premature newborns reflects their inability to tolerate respiratory loads and may contribute to the high incidence of apnea in these infants. The progressive increase in prolongation with gestational age reflects the maturation of the respiratory system toward the more stable respiratory function of the full-term neonate. PMID- 7263391 TI - Oscillatory flow and quasi-steady behavior in a model of human central airways. AB - We studied biased oscillatory flow in a model of human central airways to examine under what conditions oscillatory flow deviated from steady flow. Although the steady flow resistance of the model was 25% less than the oscillatory flow resistance of the model at 15Hz, the overall inertance of the model did not change over the range of frequencies from 5 to 15 Hz, suggesting that frequency dependent inertial distortion of velocity profiles did not alter central airway pressure-flow relationships over this frequency range. In a given terminal branch of the model, instantaneous oscillatory flow at 2 and 5 Hz could be predicted well from the steady flow distribution, but with increasing frequency the oscillatory flow from the branch deviated more from the steady flow predictions. A significant component of this deviation was due to a phase shift between predicted and measured oscillatory flow. We conclude that the major frequency dependent behavior flow in the human central airways is a phasic redistribution of flow above 7 Hz, resulting from the asymmetric distribution of inertances in this structure. PMID- 7263390 TI - Serial distribution of bronchoconstriction induced by vagal stimulation or histamine. AB - We compared the relative site of airway responses with histamine aerosol and electrical stimulation of the vagi in dogs that were anesthetized, vagotomized, mechanically ventilated, and treated with propranolol. We made measurements of pulmonary resistance by forced oscillations and of dead-space volume as indirect indicators of airway size. Direct measures of airway size were obtained from radiographic bronchograms and from acoustically equivalent airway areas as a function of distance, computed from pulse response data. During vagal stimulation there were marked increases in pulmonary resistance, decreases in dead space, and reduction in acoustic cross-sectional area at all distances. In contrast, after inhalation of enough aerosol histamine to increase pulmonary resistance approximately as much as it did during vagal stimulation, we observed little ro no reduction in dead space and reductions in acoustic cross-sectional area that were most marked in distal airways. The findings were confirmed by the radiographic bronchograms and are consistent with observations reported by others. These observations confirm previous data and demonstrate the utility of this technique for in vivo measurements. PMID- 7263392 TI - Respiratory drives and exercise in menstrual cycles of athletic and nonathletic women. AB - To investigate the influence of the midluteal and midfollicular phases of the menstrual cycle on exercise performance and ventilatory drives, we studied six outstanding female athletes, six controls with normal menstrual cycles, and six outstanding athletes who were amenorrheic. In all menstruating subjects resting minute ventilation (Ve) and mouth occlusion pressures (P0.1) were higher in the luteal phase (p less than k0.0001 and p less than 0.02, respectively),. Hypoxic (expressed as the hyperbolic shape parameter A) and hypercapnic (expressed as S, deltaVE/delta PAco2) ventilatory responses were increase in the luteal phase (p less than 0.01). The athletes had lower A values during the luteal phase than the nonathletes (p less than 0.001). Maximal exercise response, expressed either as total exercise time or maximum O2 consumption or CO2 production (VO2 max or Vco2 max) was decreased during the luteal phase but was significantly different at a p less than 0.05 level only among the nonathletes. Ventilatory equivalent (VE/VO2) during progressive exercise on a bicycle ergometer was significantly increased during the luteal phase. The amenorrheic athletes showed no changes between the two test periods. The luteal phase of the menstrual cycle induced increases in ventilatory drives and exercise ventilation in both athletes and controls, but the athletes, in contrast to controls, demonstrated no significant decrease in exercise performance in the luteal phase. PMID- 7263393 TI - Platelet sequestration in lung with hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion in dogs. AB - We compared red blood cell (RBC) and platelet transit through the pulmonary vascular bed under control conditions (n = 8) and during hemorrhagic shock (n = 8) in anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs, using a modification of the indicator-dilutor technique. Platelets and RBCs from each animal were labeled with 51Cr and 99mTc, respectively, and were rapidly injected into the right atrium while blood was sampled from the ascending aorta. The mean transit time (MTT), volume of distribution, and percent recovery for RBCs and platelets were calculated, as was the percent extraction of platelets. We found 1) the the difference between RBC and platelet MTT increased (p less than 0.01), 2) that the percent extraction of platelets increased (p less than 0.001), and 3) that the percent recovery of platelets fell (p less than 0.01) during the shock period. These values all returned to control levels after reinfusion of the shed blood. The relationship between a transient reduction in blood flow and platelet extraction was then studied in a third group of dogs (n = 5) where inflation of a balloon in the inferior vena cava was used to reduce cardiac output (CO). These studies showed that platelet extraction was inversely related to CO. We conclude that the increased platelet sequestration seen in the lung during hemorrhagic shock is primarily related to decreased blood flow. PMID- 7263394 TI - Diminished hypoxic ventilatory responses in near-miss sudden infant death syndrome. AB - The ventilatory response to hypoxia and to hypercarbia was assessed in 36 near miss sudden infant death syndrome (N.M SIDS) and 23 control infants. Base-line measurements during non-REM sleep documented no significant difference in respiratory frequency, alveolar CO2 and O2 partial pressure (PAco2 and PAo2) or tidal volume between the N-M SIDS and control infants. In the N.M SIDS group, mean inspiratory flow and minute ventilation (VI) were significantly lower than in the control group (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01, respectively), and the slope of the ventilatory response to hypercarbia ((delta VI/Torr Paco2) was only 21 +/- 1.9 (SE) ml.kg-1 min-1 Torr PAco2 compared with 62 +/- 3.5 in controls (p less than 0.001). For both groups, the increase in ventilation with hypoxia appeared linear within the PAo2 range assessed (65-115 Torr) and was therefore expressed as the slope of the delta VI/PAo2 plot (ml.kg-1 min-1 per Torr PAo2). The slope of the hypoxic ventilatory response was significantly less in the N-M SIDS than in the control group, -8.3 +/- 1.0 VS. -19.9 +/- 1.5, respectively (p less than 0.001). In summary, in comparison to control infants, N M SIDS infants as a group have a significantly smaller increase in VI in response to hypoxia as well as to hypercarbia. PMID- 7263395 TI - Lung compliance and its transient elevations measured with pulse-flow method. AB - We describe a pulse-flow method of measuring static lung compliance (CL) that is sensitive to rapid transients in CL. CL is measured by blowing air at a constant flow into the mouth and lungs for 2 s and calculated by dividing airflow in 1/s by the change in transpulmonary pressure in CMH2O/s. Pulse and static inspiratory CL was measured in five normals, four obstructives, five obese, and two patients with pulmonary fibrosis, Pulse CL after tidal breathing was correlated with static CL measured after deep breaths (r = 0.96). Pulse CL after deep breaths was higher than pulse CL after tidal breathing (p less than 0.01) and then static CL after deep breaths (p less than 0.05). In all subjects the lower the forced expiratory volume in 1 s, expressed as a percentage of vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), the greater the increase in pulse CL after a deep breath will be (r = 0.93). After deep breaths pulse CL fell from maximum CL to base-line CL at a rate related to 1/t2 where t equals the time in seconds from the last deep breath. We conclude that the increase in CL after a deep breath is related to the degree of airway obstruction and that the subsequent fall in CL is related to 1/t2. PMID- 7263396 TI - Distribution of xenon gas exchange rates in dogs. AB - The kinetics of xenon gas uptake and elimination in seven anesthetized dogs were studied by simultaneous external recording of gas concentrations in several thousand anatomic sites during 7-h experiments. The data were analyzed by a previously described method of extracting moments of the distribution of gas residence times. Mean residence times (first moment) varied by more than a factor of 50 within a single animal: the fastest exchange was in the lungs (under 2 min), and progressively slower exchange occurred in the brain, spinal cord, ears, peripheral joints, and shoulder (over 2 h). Variance of the residence time (second moment) was found to approximate four times the mean residence time squared. This ratio was nearly the same throughout the body. Indications of unexpectedly high xenon solubility in the ear and joint regions were also found. PMID- 7263397 TI - Regular fetal breathing induced by pilocarpine infusion in the near-term fetal lamb. AB - We report that pilocarpine, a cholinergic drug, stimulated regular sustained breathing movements in 10 near-term fetal lambs with chronically implanted catheters in the carotid artery, jugular vein, and trachea. With increasing doses of pilocarpine (0.1-5.9 mg), there was an enhanced respiratory response as measured by the duration of continuous breathing movements (14 +/- 12 min, increasing to 82 +/- 50 min; mean +/- SD), and the mean tracheal pressure per breath at end inspiration during the first 2 min after drug infusion (18 +/- 5, increasing to 38 +/- 12 mmHg). The mean pressure per breath during the control periods was 8 +/- 3 mmHg. There was no significant change in the breath frequency with increasing drug dose. A similar breathing response was not seen with epinephrine, suggesting that pilocarpine does not act by stimulating release of endogenous catecholamines. There was no fetal breathing response to pilocarpine infusion in atropine-pretreated fetal lambs, suggesting tha pilocarpine acts through a muscarinic mechanism. In eight acute experiments on exteriorized fetal lambs, we measured responses to pilocarpine before and after carotid sinus nerve ligation. The response to pilocarpine was abolished by sinus nerve section, suggesting possible mechanisms whereby pilocarpine may stimulate fetal breathing: the drug may increase peripheral chemoreceptor output, may sensitized the central respiratory centers to peripheral chemoreceptor input, of both. PMID- 7263398 TI - Effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine infusion on lung fluid balance in sheep. AB - The effect of an intravenous infusion of epinephrine or norepinephrine (45 microgram.kg-1.min-1) on the transcapillary exchange of fluid and protein were studied in anesthetized sheep prepared with lung lymph fistulas. After infusion of epinephrine, pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) and the ratio of lymph to plasma protein concentration (L/P) did not change significantly from base line despite an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) from 17.3 +/- 0.8 to 22.6 +/- 0.09 Torr, In contrast, Qlym increased (p less than 0.05) from 9.24 +/- 1.53 to 11.46 +/- 1.97 ml/h and L/P decreased (p less than 0.05) from 0.78 +/- 0.03 to 0.74 +/- 0.04 after infusion of norepinephrine; these changes were associated with an increase in Ppa from 16.5 +/- 1.5 to 21.6 +/- 1.8 Torr. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increased from 5.90 +/- 0.83 to 12.12 +/- 1.23 Torr. 1 1 min (p less than 0-.01) after epinephrine and from 6.52 +/- 0.82 to 9.26 +/- 1.74 Torr.1-1 min (p less than 0.05) after norepinephrine. Left atrial hypertension, induced in four sheep infused with norepinephrine and in five sheep infused with epinephrine by inflating a left atrial balloon, increased Qlym and decreased L/P in all animals. Thus the infusions of epinephrine or norepinephrine did not increase lung vascular permeability to proteins. Epinephrine infusion also did not increase fluid filtration despite increases in Ppa and PVR, suggesting that pulmonary microvascular pressure did not increase significantly due to greater constriction of precapillary than postcapillary vessels. However, norepinephrine infusion increased filtration, suggesting that microvascular pressure was increased due to a greater constriction of postcapillary than precapillary vessels. PMID- 7263399 TI - Lung fluid and protein exchange in the acute sheep preparation. AB - We examined the effect of left atrial hypertension on lung fluid and protein exchange in acutely prepared anesthetized sheep. The results were compared with those reported by Erdmann jet al. (Circ. Res. 37:271-284, 1975) in chronically instrumented conscious sheep. Animals were anesthetized with halothane and efferent duct of the caudal mediastinal node was cannulated. Pulmonary microvascular pressure (Pmv) was elevated by raising left atrial pressure with a left atrial balloon. For every elevation in Pmv of 1 cmH2O pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) increased by 0.5 ml/h. Increasing the Pmv resulted in a linear decrease (p less than 0.05) in the ratio of lymph to plasma protein concentration as a result of a significant reduction in lymph protein concentration. Transvascular clearance of lymph proteins increased by 39% with a doubling of Qlym. The steady state changes in pulmonary fluid and protein exchange induced by an increase in Pmv in acutely prepared anesthetized sheep were the same as those observed by Erdmann et al. in chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep, indicating that the acute preparation is equally reactive to increase in Pmv and that the lung endothelial permeability is not increased. PMID- 7263400 TI - Simultaneous detection of deuterium oxide and indocyanine green in flowing blood. AB - A spectrophotometer designed to measure simultaneously traces of deuterium oxide (12 mg.1-) and indocyanine green (0.12 mg.1-1) in flowing blood is described. Its symmetrical four-beam design enabled direct readings in optical density units to be obtained in the infrared region without interference due to atmospheric CO2 and water. This system was validated by the measures of pulmonary extravascular water in the rat in heart-lung preparations and in whole animals. An example of its application showed that, with this system, it was possible to evaluate correctly an alloxan edema in the rat a short time (105 min) after its induction. In these experiments lung water calculated by indicator curves represented 80% of the lung water content (r = 085, n = 10). PMID- 7263401 TI - Anatomic variations of efferent duct from caudal mediastinal lymph node in sheep. AB - Collection of lymph from the efferent duct of the caudal mediastinal node in sheep is accepted as a reliable method for following lung microvascular fluid and protein filtration. There are significant variations in the efferent duct anatomy, which can complicate the cannulation procedure and, therefore, the success of the preparations. We analyzed the major variations in the efferent duct in 75 consecutive sheep. The majority (59%) had a single efferent duct varying in length, course, and origin fom the caudal mediastinal node; 41% had multiple ducts, often with confluences or bifurcations, making successful cannulation more difficult. It is important to recognize the potential variations in the efferent duct to facilitate useful cannulation. PMID- 7263402 TI - Muscular endurance and surface electromyogram in isometric and dynamic exercise. AB - In nine male volunteers, the endurance time for sustained isometric exercise (right-angle elbow flexion) and dynamic exercise (continuous concentric and eccentric elbow flexions) was measured at different contraction levels. Intermittent isometric exercises were also performed by four of the subjects in whom surface electromyographic elbow flexor recordings were obtained during the three types of exercise. A rapid decrease of the endurance time was seen at contraction levels above 15-20% of the maximum voluntary contraction for both the sustained isometric and dynamic exercise. There were no significant difference between the regression of the endurance time vs. the contraction level for the sustained isometric exercise and that of the dynamic exercise. However, the endurance time was enhanced in the intermittent isometric exercise compared with the sustained isometric exercise. The development of muscle fatigue was well correlated to change of the myoelectric rootmean-square amplitude and the mean power frequency. Differences in exercise did not significantly affect the relation between the time constant of the mean power frequency decrease and the endurance time. PMID- 7263403 TI - Phrenic activity, respiratory pressures, and volume changes in cats. AB - In eight anesthetized cats we measured the integrated ("moving time average") phrenic activity [using phrenic electroneurogram (EPHR)] and the active transdiaphragmatic pressure [Pdi(mus)] during room air breathing, hypoxia, and hypercapnia. The relationship between Pdi(mus) and EPHR was unaffected by either hypoxic or hypercapnic stimulation of breathing, suggesting that in spontaneously breathing cats the pressure losses are negligible. In all cats, however, there was a substantial volume-related decrease in Pdi(mus), indicating that with increasing lung volume the effectiveness of the diaphragm as a pressure generator decreases. In addition, we have developed a model that allows prediction of the time course changes in lung volume for different morphology of inspiratory driving pressure. This model explains many of the features of control of breathing found experimentally in our cats. PMID- 7263404 TI - Respiratory control during hypoxia in newborn rabbits: implied action of endorphins. AB - The mechanism of ventilatory depression during hypoxia in the neonate is unknown. Since endorphins depress ventilation and their actions are antagonized by naloxone, we tested the effect of naloxone on respiration during acute hypoxia in newborn rabbits. In 27 tracheotomized unanesthetized pups, ranging in age from 1 to 15 days, ventilation (VE) was measured in a body plethysmograph. At all ages, inhalation of 5% O2 initially increased VE; thereafter VE became depressed in association with a decrease in CO2 elimination (VCO2). The time constant of VE depression increased with age. During ventilatory and VCO2 depression, saline infusion had no effect. Infusion of naloxone (4 micrograms/g body wt), however, abruptly stimulated both VE and VCO2. Since naloxone acts by competitive blockade of opiate (endorphin) receptors, these data provide evidence that 1) depression in respiration and metabolism during hypoxia is related to the action of endorphins, 2) the degree of endorphin influence decreases with age, and 3) naloxone is effective in reversing hypoxic respiratory depression provided apnea is not established. PMID- 7263405 TI - Erythrocyte alterations endurance exercise in horses. AB - The erythrocytes of 14 conditioned horses participating in a 157-km endurance ride (requiring 14-21 h) were examined before the ride, immediately upon entering the 44-91-, and 130-km rest stops, and at the finish. At the first rest stop (44 km), the mean erythrocyte count increased 41% (P less than 0.001), the mean hematocrit (Hct) increased 30% (P less than 0.001) and the mean hemoglobin (Hb) increased 33% ( P less than 0.001). Although subsequent mean erythrocyte counts, Hct, and Hb values remained significantly elevated above controls, the values decreased 9-9% from the 4-km values later in the ride. These changes suggest a lost of red cells mass during the prolonged exercise. Spiculated red blood cells that increased markedly in number during exercise were also observed in these conditioned horses. The appearance of an increased number of spiculated red cells with exercise was associated with corresponding changes in red cell indices. PMID- 7263406 TI - Hyperthermia in running sled dogs. AB - Hyperthermia, as measured by increase in rectal temperature, was studied in a group of 22 adult mongrel sled dogs that had been selectively bred for high-speed (up to 33 km/h) races 16-50 km in distance. Under normal working conditions, rectal temperature in the sled dogs increased significantly during initial 15-20 min of run (gathered gallop) after which temperature usually stabilized or decreased slightly. Amount of increase in rectal temperature was correlated directly with ambient temperature but not with speed or distance. Significant differences in degree of hyperthermia were found among dogs but these differences were not correlated with such factors as sex, size, coat color, weight, or genetic history. Training was found to significantly diminish amount of increase in rectal temperature during work. Data from the present study were compared to those of other laboratory investigations and relationships of heat storage and radiative surface area to body weight are discussed. PMID- 7263407 TI - Energy expenditure during load carriage at high altitude. AB - To determine the applicability of a prediction equation for energy expenditure during load carriage at high altitude that was previously validated at sea level, oxygen uptake (Vo2) was determined in five young men at 4,300 m while they walked with backpack loads of 0, 15, and 30 kg at treadmill grades of 0,8, and 16% at 1.12 m.s-1 for 10 min. Mean +/- SE maximal Vo2, determined on the cycle ergometer, was 42.2 +/- 2.3 at sea level and 35.6 +/- 1.7 ml.kg-1 .min-1 at altitude. There were no significant differences in daily Vo2 at any specific exercise intensity on days 1, 5, and 9 of exposure, nor were there any differences in endurance times at the two most difficult exercise intensities. Endurance times for 15- and 30-kg loads at 16% grade were 7.3 and 4.2 min, respectively. Measured energy expenditure was compared with that predicted by the formula of Pandolf et al. (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 43: 577-581, 1977) and found to be significantly different. The differences could be attributed to measurements at metabolic rates exceeding 730 W or 2.1 1.min-1 Vo2. These data indicate that the prediction equation can be used at altitude for exercise intensities not exceeding this upper limit. The observed deviations from predicted values at the high exercise intensities could possibly be attributed to the occurrence of appreciable oxygen deficits and the inability to achieve steady-state conditions. PMID- 7263408 TI - Effects of airway occlusion at functional residual capacity in pentobarbital anesthetized kittens. AB - The effects or airway occlusion at the end of inspiration on timing parameters and the "integrated" phrenic activity were studied in 1- to 21-day-old kittens at two levels of pentobarbital anesthesia before and after bilateral vagotomy. In intact kittens during the first 2 wk of life, instead of the classical effects of airway occlusion at functional residual capacity (FRC), shortening of both inspiration and expiration, a decrease in amplitude and rate of rise of the integrated phrenic activity, or augmented breaths were recorded. These effects were not altered by an additional dose of pentobarbital sodium. In kittens of all ages, airway occlusion performed after bilateral vagotomy had no significant effects on either timing and phrenic activity. Therefore, vagally mediated reflexes are probably responsible for the paradoxical effects of airway occlusion at FRC. However, a possible contribution of the chest wall receptors cannot be excluded. PMID- 7263409 TI - Hypoxia effects on plasma volume shifts at rest, work, and recovery in supine posture. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects acute exposure to hypoxia (less than 1.5 h; gas mixture 12.6% O2-87.4% N2) has on plasma volume (PV) shifts during rest and exercise. Nine unacclimatized males performed identical protocols in the supine posture in both normoxic (N) and hypoxic (H) conditions. The protocol was rest 60 min, submaximal exercise (PWC 140, work rate eliciting a heart rate of 140 beats/min) for 30 min, immediately followed by maximal exercise, and 10 min of passive recovery. There were slight but significant losses of 2.7 and 1.4% PV at rest in H and N conditions, respectively. At the same relative intensity of submaximal exercise (work loads reduced by 22% in H conditions), PV losses were nearly identical (N = 11.2%, H = 11.8%). There was a further PV efflux subsequent to maximal exercise (N = 7.9%, H = 5.2%). The maximum PV efflux, from the beginning of rest to the end of maximal exercise, was 20% for both conditions. Total plasma protein (PP) content was unchanged during rest or exercise for either N or H conditions. After 10 min of recovery, restitution of PV was 10% below preexercise values for both N and H conditions. We conclude that acute hypoxic exposure does not influence the loss of VP or PP during submaximal or maximal exercise. PMID- 7263410 TI - Measurement of dead space ventilation using a pHa servo-controlled ventilator. AB - A control system for the systemic arterial pH (pHa) servo control of mechanical ventilation has recently been developed. If pHa is maintained constant by the change, separation of minute volume into alveolar ventilation and physiological dead space ventilation (VE = fVA VDp) can be manipulated to show that VDp = (VE1 VE 2)/(f1 - fe) where f1 and f2 are different ventilator frequencies and VE1 and VE2 are expired minute volumes at these frequencies. Also, added dead space can be measured. VDadded = (VE2 - VE1)/f where VE1 and VE2 are the minute volumes before and after the dead space was added. The validity of these equations was tested in the anesthetized dog. The measured added dead space was in close agreement with the volume of dead space which was added and with that measured by another independent method. The measurement of VDp, probably as a result of tidal volume-related changes in VDp, did not agree as well with VDp measured by an independent method. PMID- 7263411 TI - Influence of joint position on ankle dorsiflexion in humans. AB - A method is described for investigating the contractile properties of the dorsiflexor muscles of the ankle. With the joint in the midposition the tibialis anterior was found to contribute less than half of the maximum voluntary torque, the remainder presumably being provided by the long extensors of the toes. The mean contraction and half-relaxation times of tibialis anterior muscles in healthy young men were 81.2 +/- 7.4 (SD) ms and 83.6 +/- 17.2 ms, respectively. When the tibialis anterior was stretched, the twitch became slower and more complete fusion of the contractions occurred during tetanic stimulation at low frequencies. Stimulation of tibialis anterior at 30 and 40 Hz disclosed that the optimum length of the muscle corresponded to about 10 degrees of plantarflexion. Maximum voluntary torque was also developed at 10 degrees of plantarflexion and decreased sharply as the ankle was dorsiflex beyond 5 degrees. The position assumed by the ankle joint at rest depended on whether the subject was sitting, standing, or lying, but was always greater, in the plantarflexed direction, than the "optimum" position for torque development. At low rates of stimulation the torque continued to increase throughout the full range of plantarflexion, probably because of the elasticity of the tendon. During maximum effort motoneuronal excitability did not appear to be influenced significantly by changes in joint angle. PMID- 7263412 TI - Volume of trapped gas in lungs of healthy humans. AB - The volume of trapped gas (Vtg) that could be mobilized by maximal breaths at the end of a nitrogen washout to 2% N2 was measured in 70 healthy women and 62 healthy men while seated. The average Vtg was found to be 102 +/- 21 (SD) ml in men and 73 +/- 18 ml in women. The Vtg was positively related to total lung capacity (TLC) (r = 0.67; P less than 0.001). An average percent Vtg/TLC of 1.4 +/- 0.31 (DS) % was applicable to both sexes. Vtg/TLC (%) was positively related to age (4 = 0.45; P less than 0.001). The error of a single determination was 8 ml, i.e., the reproducibility was very high. The existence of lung compartments that are unventilated or extremely underventilated may explain part of the physiological alveolararterial O2 difference. An increase in Vt has been found to be a very sensitive sign of subclinical bronchospasm. PMID- 7263413 TI - Reduced norepinephrine response to dynamic exercise in human subjects during O2 breathing. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to study the influence of hyperoxia on catecholamine response to dynamic exercise. While breathing either 21 or 100% O2 seven subjects performed submaximal bicycle exercise. Arterial blood pressure was similar in both exercise experiments. The CO2 output was not influenced by 100% O2 breathing, but increments in plasma lactate concentration were reduced. The increases in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations and heart rate were significantly lower during 100% O2 than during 21% O2 breathing. The results suggest that O2 plays an important role in the regulation of sympathetic nervous activity during dynamic exercise in humans. PMID- 7263414 TI - Respiratory timing and depth of breathing in dogs anesthetized with halothane or enflurane. AB - Tidal volume (VT) and inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) times were measured during enflurane and halothane anesthesia in 12 prone dogs before and after bilateral vagotomy. "Elastic" loading or airway occlusion was used to obtain a VT to-TI relationship in each state and to examine the rate of change in airway pressure. VT, TI, and TE were significantly (P less than 0.05) larger during enflurane than during halothane anesthesia, both before and after bilateral vagotomy. Before vagotomy, the rate of change in airway pressure during airway occlusion was similar for the two agents, as was an index of impedance of the respiratory system (Z'rs). Thus the difference in maximal pressure generated and in VT was most likely due to the difference in TI. Before vagotomy, TI increased as VT decreased with loading during enflurane but not halothane anesthesia, demonstrating a different effect of the two agents on the phasic vagal inspiratory inhibitory mechanism. After bilateral vagotomy, TI was unaltered during elastic loading with both agents but was still significantly longer during enflurane than halothane anesthesia. Thus it was concluded that TI was longer in the enfluraneanesthetized dogs than in the halothane-anesthetized dogs because of a different effect of these two agents on the bulbopontine "pacemaker" mechanism and not because of different effects on the phasic vagal inspiratory inhibitory mechanism. PMID- 7263415 TI - Dynamics of ventilatory response to exercise in humans. AB - The dynamics of the ventilatory response to moderate exercise on a bicycle ergometer have been studied in humans. The work load was varied between 25 and 100 W as a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) that enabled the impulse responses to be calculated by cross-correlation techniques. The response of all five subjects exhibited a bimodal response, i.e., a fast component that was followed after a delay by a slow component. The fast component accounted for a relatively small proportion of the total response. Also, it was demonstrated that to identify the rapid component it was necessary to excite the respiratory system with an input containing highfrequency components; this result was used to reconcile the findings from this study with those of previous investigation. PMID- 7263416 TI - Brain stem genesis of automatic ventilatory patterns independent of spinal mechanisms. AB - Efferent activities on the phrenic and recurrent laryngeal (RLN) nerves were monitored during eupnea, apneusis, and gasping in decerebrate, paralyzed, and ventilated cats before and after spinal cord transection at the first cervical level. The vagi were sectioned caudal to the RLN being studied and at the midcervical level contralaterally. Before spinal transection, the onset of RLN inspiratory activity preceded that of the phrenic nerve during eupnea and apneusis; in gasping, phrenic activity began before the RLN. These results were the same in normocapnia, hypercapnia, and hypoxia. After spinal transection, no phasic phrenic activity was observed at normoxia or hyperoxia, whereas the RLN exhibited discharge patterns similar to those before transection. Upon end-tidal O2 partial pressure diminutions below 50 Torr, one or more "burst" of phrenic activity were recorded. These bursts were not synchronized with the phasic RLN discharge. It is concluded that automatic ventilatory activity may be generated by inherent brain stem mechanisms. These results further imply the processes underlying gasping neurogenesis may differ fundamentally from those of eupnea or apneusis. PMID- 7263417 TI - Redistribution of pulmonary blood flow during experimental air embolism. AB - The effect of experimental pulmonary air embolism on pulmonary perfusion was studied in 14 closed-chest, anesthetized, paralyzed dogs. During constant-rate air infusion through a femoral vein, regional distribution of lung perfusion was measured with radioactive xenon boluses injected via a catheter positioned distally to the pulmonary valve. The results obtained from nine prone dogs indicate a large shift of blood perfusion toward the dependent areas of the lung during air embolism; the results obtained in five supine dogs were similar but statistically less significant. Concomitant with the perfusion shift, pulmonary arterial pressure increased, more acutely during the first 30 min. Switching from air to N2O-O2 ventilation accentuated the perfusion shift, which may be reverted towards control values by intravenous administration of 0.4 mg of isoproterenol. Other alterations observed included moderate increase of pulmonary resistance and decrease of cardiac output. It is concluded, based on these results and an adjunct model study, that the observed changes were predominantly due to aggregation of air bubbles in the upper part of the pulmonary vasculature. PMID- 7263418 TI - Fluid dynamic factors in tracheal pressure measurement. AB - Because tracheal pressure measurement generally involves the use of a cannula or an endotracheal tube, fluid dynamic factors may cause a considerable artifact. We present a theoretical explanation of the observed apparent paradox in which the resistance of a tracheal cannula or an endotracheal tube is isolation was found to exceed the resistance of the airways plus the cannula or the tube in situ. By estimating the viscous dissipation and the kinetic energy change in a conduit with sudden variation of cross-sectional area, a predictive model is derived. The predictions are verified by a series of in vitro experiments with both steady and oscillatory flows. The experiments showed that the pressure recorded from the sidearm of a tracheal cannula or endotracheal tube contains an error which, in general, increased with the mean Reynolds' number of the through flow and also depends on the diameter ratio between the trachea and the tube or cannula, the position of the pressure tap, and the frequency of ventilation. When feasible, direct measurement with a needle in the trachea is suggested as a way to avoid the possible artifacts arising from the use fo a side tap of the cannula. Theoretical considerations, as well as in vitro and animal experiments, indicate that adding a properly chosen expansion to the tracheal cannula makes it possible to alter inspiratory and expiratory pressures selectively. This device may prove useful in control of breathing studies. PMID- 7263419 TI - Modified chronic lung lymph fistula in goats via thoracic duct. AB - Pure lung lymph has previously been obtained in awake sheep and goats via a cannula placed in an efferent duct of the caudal mediastinal lymph node (CMN). We describe a modification in goats wherein a segment of the thoracic duct collecting pulmonary efferents is isolated and cannulated. Lymph purity and responses to elevation of pulmonary microvascular pressure are illustrated and are found to be comparable to data obtained from a series of animals prepared by standard CMN cannulation. We have adopted the alternative procedure whenever, at cannulation may be complicated. When used in combination with the CMN approach, the overall rate of successful cannulation has increased from 50% to about 80%. PMID- 7263420 TI - Boundary-layer oxygen depletion in blood gas analysis. AB - When O2 is withdrawn from blood by diffusion through a membrane and an O2 depleted boundary layer is formed, it is suggested that the depletion can cause significant dissociation of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) in this layer. The resulting nonlinear relation between net diffusive flux of O2 through the membrane and the blood PO2 should be observable with membrane systems having a sufficiently high permeability to O2. Evidence for this suggestion is presented from in vitro experiments using a mass spectrometer to analyze the O2 flux through membrane systems. A theoretical model of HbO2 dissociation in the depleted boundary layer of blood that explains these results qualitatively is developed to yield quantitative predictions found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental observations. The effect was seen to be of significance for membrane systems with O2-sampling rates of about 2 X 10(-9) ml. s-1. Torr-1 and over; so if such systems are to be used for the analysis of blood PO2, the phenomenon must be taken into account. PMID- 7263421 TI - Pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange in seated normal men with chest restriction. AB - Lung volumes, static pressure-volume curves, maximal expiratory flow-volume curves, right-to-left intrapulmonary shunts (Qs/Qt), and distributions of ventilation and perfusion relative to the alveolar ventilation and perfusion ration (VA/Q) were determined in seated normal men before chest strapping while breathing air (Cair) and during chest strapping while breathing air (Sair) or 100% oxygen (So2). With Sair and So2, mean vital capacity was reduced by 44% from control. Elastic recoil pressure [Pst(L)] of the lung at 50% control total lung capacity (TLC) increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from 4.64 +/- 0.39 cmH2O (mean +/- SE) to 7.00 +/- 0.47 cmH2O with Sair and to 7.24 +/- 0.70 cmH2O with So2. Maximal expiratory flow at 50% of control TLC increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from 3.22 to 0.25 l/s (mean +/- SE) to 5.84 +/- 0.69 l/s with Sair and to 5.50 +/- 0.68 l/s with So2. With Sair, no significant increase in Qs/Qt from control was observed. With So2, mean Qs/Qt increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from 0 to 2.2 +/- 0.9% of the cardiac output. It is therefore unlikely that the development of atelectasis, as indicated by an increase in Qs/Qt, accounts for the increase in Pst (L) with Sair and So2. Current evidence suggests that either change in alveolar surface compliance or distortion of the lung or both are responsible for the increased recoil pressure but that neither mechanism alone appears to explain it totally. PMID- 7263422 TI - Effect of carotid body denervation on arousal response to hypoxia in sleeping dogs. AB - We studied the arousal and ventilatory responses to hypoxia during sleep in three trained dogs, before and 1-4 wk after carotid body denervation (CBD). During the studies the dogs breathed through a cuffed endotracheal tube inserted via a chronic tracheostomy. Eucapnic progressive hypoxia was induced by a rebreathing technique, and arterial O2 saturation (Sao2) was measured with an ear oximeter. Sleep stage was determined by electroencephalographic and behavioral criteria. Following CBD, all dogs exhibited hypoventilation under resting conditions; hypoxic ventilatory responses during wakefulness, slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep were less than 10% of control. Prior to CBD, hypoxic arousal occurred at Sao2 of 83.2 +/- 4.6% (mean +/- Se) during SWS and 70.6 +/-2.2% in REM sleep. Following CBD, arousal failed to occur during progressive desaturation to 60% in SWS and 50% in REM sleep, at which levels hypoxia was arbitrarily terminated. In a few studies following CBD where rebreathing was allowed to continue, the dogs occasionally failed to arouse at all and require active resuscitation. The results indicate a critical role for the carotid chemoreceptors in mediating the arousal response to hypoxia. PMID- 7263423 TI - Effects of dehydration on thermoregulation in cats exposed to high ambient temperatures. AB - Measurements of evaporative water loss (EWL), metabolic rate (MR), body core temperature (Tc), and respiratory rate (RR) were made in nine hydrated cats exposed to several high ambient temperatures. Measurements were made in animals hydrated ad libitum and during progressive dehydration. At 43 and 40 degrees C, no significant change in EWL occurred during dehydration. At 38 and 35 degrees C, EWL in animals dehydrated for 4 days was reduced to about 50% of hydrated levels. Reductions in RR correlated highly with reduced EWL, suggesting that control of evaporation in dehydrated cats is dependent largely on control of RR. Significant elevations in Tc occurred in dehydrated animals at 43, 40, and 38 degrees C, and an insignificant upward trend was observed at 35 degrees C. Multiple linear regression analysis of data for EWL, Tc, and level of dehydration indicates that dehydration reduces the evaporative response to elevations in Tc and suggests that a change in the sensitivity of the thermoregulatory system is occurring. A similar analysis for MR, Tc, and level of dehydration shows that dehydration results in a lower MR at a given Tc. Changes in MR, corrected for body temperature, during dehydration are principally related at altered ventilatory energy expenditure. A model has been formed for estimating the metabolic cost of ventilation in the cat. PMID- 7263424 TI - Comparison of aortic and carotid chemoreceptor responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia. AB - A quantitative comparison of the responses between aortic and carotid chemoreceptors to steady-state levels of arterial CO2 and O2 partial pressure was made in 35 cats anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. The measurements on the two receptors were made simultaneously in 6 cats and separately in 29 cats. The response of aortic chemoreceptors to a CO2 stimulus was a fraction of that of carotid chemoreceptors, and the response to hypoxia was relatively blunted. The differences between the two chemoreceptors are quantitative rather than qualitative. Since a low arterial CO2 partial pressure stimulus is known to attenuate the hypoxic response of carotid chemoreceptors, it is suggested that the low CO2 response of aortic body chemoreceptors is responsible for their blunted hypoxic response. PMID- 7263425 TI - Prostaglandin E1 hyperthermia: effects on ability to work in the heat. AB - To assess the effects of preinduced hyperthermia on the ability to exercise in the heat, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was administered intracerebroventricularly to male rats weighing 275-350 g. Following injection of PGE1, a fever of 2 degrees developed within 20-30 min, at which time a 1-ml blood sample was taken. When these animals exercised in the heat (37 degrees C) to hyperthermic exhaustion (42.5-43 degrees C), their endurance capacity was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) when compared with controls. Exercise to hyperthermic exhaustion resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05, minimal) increased plasma levels of lactate, potassium, and urea nitrogen in both control animals and those receiving PGE1. However, PGE1 pretreatment did not exacerbate these increments. Plasma glucose and sodium levels were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in PGE1 treated animals, whereas glucose levels were reduced significantly (P less than 0.05) in both groups postrun. We concluded that preinduced hyperthermia severely reduces the ability to work in the heat. Although the clinical chemical indices of heat injury are unaffected by PGE1 pretreatment, the effects of PGE1 administration on circulating levels of glucose and sodium require further study. PMID- 7263426 TI - Adrenoceptor control of lung fluid and protein exchange. AB - We studied the effects of alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists on lung fluid and protein exchange in anesthetized sheep. alpha-Adrenergic blockade with 2 mg/kg phentolamine caused a transient and small decrease in lung lymph flow (Qlym), which was associated with a decrease in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa); but the steady-state Qlym and mean left atrial pressure were not different from base-line values. In contrast, beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol (2 mg/kg) caused an increase in Qlym from a base-line value of 7.7 +/- 2.2 ml/h to a steady-state value of 10.6 +/-2.3 ml/h within 2 h (P less than 0.05), which was not associated with a change in Ppa. The increase in Qlym persisted for the 4-h duration of the study. The 39% increase in Qlym after propranolol was associated with a 50% increase in transvascular protein clearance (CL), whereas in control animals the 100% increase in Qlym after left atrial hypertension was associated with only a 36% increase in CL, indicating increased transvascular transport of proteins after propranolol. The transient decrease in Qlym after phentolamine may be due to the short-lasting decreased in pulmonary microvascular pressure and vascular surface area. However, the long-lasting increases in Qlym and CL after propranolol may be due to an increase in vascular surface area and to an increase in endothelial permeability of proteins. The results suggests that beta adrenergic receptors regulate the transendothelial transport of fluid and proteins. PMID- 7263427 TI - Protein synthesis rates in atrophied gastrocnemius muscles after limb immobilization. AB - Fractional rates of protein synthesis in rats were determined by the constant infusion technique. Rates of protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius muscle were significantly reduced from control values throughout a 7-day period of hindlimb immobilization and 1) significantly increased to control values during the first 6 h following the 7-day period of hindlimb immobilization; 2) remained at control values for the next 2 days; and 3) then significantly increased to about twice control values on the 4th day following immobilization. Exercise of sufficient duration and/or intensity affected a further increase in the protein synthesis rate during recovery from atrophy. For example, running on a motor-driven treadmill 1 h daily for 3 days after ending limb immobilization resulted in a significant increase in the fractional rate of protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius muscle on the 2nd day following immobilization. Also, weight lifting for 200 s on the 2nd day of protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius muscle. Thus increased usage of atrophied muscle was followed by an increased rate of protein synthesis. PMID- 7263429 TI - Computer-derived image compositing. AB - A computer-derived composite image is obtained of the details contained in successive photomicrographs taken by optical sectioning of the collagen networks in the pulmonary interalveolar wall. Three-dimensional information is therefore contained in a two-dimensional portrayal, providing a basis for computer digital analysis otherwise not readily available. PMID- 7263428 TI - Effect of low-potassium diet on rat exercise hyperthermia and heatstroke mortality. AB - A total of 182 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were fed either a control (n = 122) diet for 32 days. The diets contained either 125 or 8 meq potassium/kg, respectively. Rats fed the low-K diet gained weight at only one third the rate of controls (1.7 vs. 5.2 g/day), and their skeletal muscle and plasma potassium levels were reduced by 28 and 47%, respectively. When run to exhaustion at either 15 or 20 degrees C, low K+-fed rats accomplished less than one-half of the work done by the controls (26 vs. 53 kg. m) but exhibited a markedly greater rate of heat gain per kilogram-meter of work than controls (0.12 vs. 0.05 degrees C)ambient temperature of 20 degrees C, the rats of the low K+ group despite large differences in body weight (-25%), run time temperature and twice (33 vs 17%) the mortality rate of the controls. Postexercise increases in circulating potassium (less than 90%) of heat-injured rats raised the plasma levels of low K+-fed rats to normal (5.9 +/- 2.2 meq/l). These results appear to characterize the existence of an insidious and, therefore, undocumented form of fatal exertion-induced heat illness. PMID- 7263430 TI - Time course of phrenic activity and respiratory pressures during airway occlusion in cats. AB - The morphology of integrated ("moving time average") phrenic electroneurograms (EPHR) and of tracheal (Ptr) and transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) pressure waves during occluded inspirations was studied in eight anesthetized cats breathing air and various hypercapnic and hypoxic mixtures. The shape of the rising part of EPR-, Ptr-, and Pdi-time profiles varied between animals (from convex to concave), but in each animal it remained virtually unchanged by hypoxia and hypercapnia. The shape of the Ptr and Pdi occlusion waves reflected the shape of EPHR. The relationship of EPHR to Pdi and Ptr did not change with chemical drive. It is concluded that central inspiratory activity (CIA) (as reflected by EPHR and its mechanical transforms Pdi and Ptr) increases in amplitude with stimulation of breathing but that the profile of CIA remains essentially unchanged. However, substantial differences in the time course development of phrenic activity, Pdi, and Ptr exist between cats. The fixed interrelationships among EPHR, Pdi, and Ptr indicate a proportional increase in activity among all inspiratory muscles with increased chemical drive. PMID- 7263431 TI - Hindrance to diffusive gas mixing in the lung in hyperbaric environments. AB - Diffusivity of a gas is inversely proportional to atmospheric pressure. We studied pulmonary gas mixing in hyperbaric environments (5.5 and 9.5 ATA) as a means of understanding the role played by diffusion in normal situations and also as a means of determining whether persons in hyperbaric environments will be handicapped by poor diffusive mixing. Our subjects took single breaths of a mixture of indicator gases (5% each of SF6, Ar, Ne, and He; 20% O2, balance N2). Recordings of expired volumes and concentrations showed that heavier indicators were less well mixed than lighter ones, as evidenced by a slower fall during the transition between dead space and "alveolar" gas and a steeper slope of the alveolar plateau. Differences between light and heavy gases increased as pressure increased. Amounts of the indicators retained in the functional residual capacity (FRC) or residual volume after a single breath had a weak positive relation to diffusivity; the amounts (A) in the FRC (as fraction of inspired amounts) were well fitted by a simple equation. ARFC/AI = 0.55 - (0.0010/D), where D is molecular diffusivity. We conclude that the changes of distribution of inspired gas that occur with large changes of diffusivity have only a minor effect on the amount of gas exchanged between the inspirate and residual gas in the FRC. PMID- 7263432 TI - Model of elasticity of the human lung. AB - A model of the elasticity of the human lung has been developed to evaluate the relative importance of the characteristics of the lung parenchyma, of thorax configuration, and of gravity on the vertical gradients of pleural pressure and regional volumes, and on the linear displacements of lung tissue, of various lung volumes. The predictions of the model are compared with available experimental data. It is suggested that the bulk elasticity modulus of the human lung is high with respect to that of canine lungs, that the shearing forces are low ("effective" Poison's ratio of about 0.4-0.45), and that the variations of regional pleural pressures and volumes during deflation are determined primarily by the interaction between lung weight and changes in thorax configuration. PMID- 7263433 TI - Absolute intraesophageal pressure at functional residual capacity in frequency. AB - Absolute intraesophageal pressure at functional residual capacity (FRC) has been estimated in 15 infants (age 1-30 wk) by the extrapolation of the esophageal pressure-volume relationships to zero balloon volume by use of air-filled balloons in their ranges of infinite compliance. The pressure-volume relationships of the esophageal balloons (length 3.5-5.0 cm, perimeter 1.7-2.5 cm, wall thickness 0.045-0.075 mm) were determined in air and in erect and horizontal positions under water, the behavior of the balloons placed horizontally under water closely approximated that of the balloons in vivo. The mean absolute intraesophageal pressure at FRC was -1.44 cmH2O in eight normal infants and -1.56 cmH2O in seven convalescent infants with a variety of cardiorespiratory disorders. The less negative absolute end-expiratory esophageal pressure in infants when compared with that in adults can be explained by changes in lung elastic recoil, chest wall recoil, or a combination of these factors during the development and growth of the respiratory system from birth to adulthood. PMID- 7263434 TI - Changes in brain surface pH during acute isocapnic metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. AB - It has been thought that the blood-brain barrier is relatively impermeable to changes in arterial blood H+ and OH- concentrations. We have measured the brain surface pH during 30 min of isocapnic metabolic acidosis or alkalosis induced by intravenous infusion of 0.2 N HCl or NaOH in anesthetized dogs. The mean brain surface pH fell significantly by 0.06 and rose by 0.04 pH units during HCl or NaOH infusion, respectively. Respective changes were also observed in the calculated cerebral interstitial fluid [HCO-3]. There were no significant changes in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid acid-base variables. It is concluded that changes in arterial blood H+ and OH- concentrations are reflected in brain surface pH relatively quickly. Such changes may contribute to acute respiratory adaptations in metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. PMID- 7263435 TI - Decreased vascular sensitivity to norepinephrine following exercise training. AB - Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats (230 +/- 9 g; mean +/- SE) were exercised daily for 6 wk by swimming 1 h/day with weights (5% of body wt) attached to their tails. Nineteen additional rats (237 +/- 8 g) remained sedentary in their cages. All animals were anesthetized with urethan (800 mg/kg) and alpha-chloralose (60 mg/kg). In the first series of experiments, increasing doses of norepinephrine were injected into the jugular vein and the responses in mean arterial blood pressure was recorded from a cannulated femoral artery. Exercise training had no effect on the maximal increase in blood pressure, but significantly decreased blood pressure sensitivity to norepinephrine, expressed as a pD2 value (=-log ED 50), from 5.64 +/- 0.07 to 5.20 +/- 0.06. In the second series, the cremaster muscle with intact circulation and innervation was suspended in a tissue bath and norepinephrine in increasing concentrations was added to the cremaster bath. The responses of the main arteriole (approximately 110 micron) and venule (approximately 170 micron) were recorded by television microscopy. Exercise training had no effect on vessel diameters of resting muscle or on the maximal vessel constrictions obtained in response to high concentrations of norepinephrine. Arteriole sensitivity to norepinephrine was significantly decreased (pD2 of 6.69 +/- 0.24 vs. 5.96 +/- 0.18) and there was some tendency for reduced venule sensitivity. These data suggest that exercise training in rats produces a decrease in alpha- or an increase in beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity. PMID- 7263436 TI - Effect of sodium nitroprusside on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the dog. AB - The objective of the study was to determine the direct actions of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the pulmonary vasculature actively constricted by hypoxic ventilation in the closed-chest dog. In 21 supine anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium, 25 mg/kg) dogs the left lower lobe was catheterized with a 20 F wedged flow catheter. With constant flow to this lung lobe, lobar pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and lobar pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were studied during room air and 10% O2 mechanical ventilation. With lobar flow and LVEDP constant, observed changes of lobar PAP and PVR represent direct effects on vascular tone unaffected by passive factors. Ventilation with 10% O2 resulted in a significant increase in lobar PAP [12.2 +/- 1.6 to 17.2 +/- 1.2 (SE) Torr] and PVR [42.2 +/- 13.3 to 61.2 +/- 15.0 (SE) Torr X 1(-1) X min]. Then during continued hypoxia in 12 animals, femoral vein infusion of SNP at doses of 1, 2, and 5 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 resulted in significant decreases in lobar PAP to 14.8 +/- 1.5, 14.8 +/- 1.5, and 13.4 +/- 1.6 Torr, respectively, and in PVR to 56.7 +/- 14.1, 54.0 +/- 13.9, and 47.8 %/- 13.2 Torr X 1(-1) X min, respectively. In six animals the sequence of drug infusion was then reversed with similar results. It is concluded that the actively constricted pulmonary vascular bed is directly dilated by SNP infusion. PMID- 7263437 TI - Previous volume history of the lung and regional distribution of residual volume. AB - By use of 133Xe, the regional distribution of residual volume (RV) was measured in six seated healthy men, following a fast vital capacity (VC) expiration a) without and b) with a breath hold at residual volume of approximately 30 s and c) following a slow (greater than 30 s) VC expiration from total lung capacity (TLC) without a breath hold at RV. After the breath hold at RV, regional RV/TLC in the lower lung zones decreased significantly compared wih results obtained with fast expiratory VC and no breath hold at RV. At lung top the opposite was true. The distribution of regional RV/TLC was the same following the slow VC expiration with no breath hold at RV as with the fast expiration with the breath hold at RV. The different regional distribution of RV in b and c relative to a was probably due mainly to collateral ventilation, i.e., during the breath hold at RV and the slow expiration some of the gas that was trapped in the dependent lung zones behind closed airways escaped into the upper regions of the lung where the small airways had remained patent, leading to increased expansion of upper alveoli. PMID- 7263439 TI - Correlation between lung structure and function in a canine model of emphysema. AB - To correlate lung structure and function in an animal model of emphysema, 17 dog lungs were treated with intrabronchial instillation of papain (range of concentration 0.5-5%); the contralateral lungs served as controls. The lungs were inflated to the volume at a transpulmonary pressure (PL) of 25 cmH2O (V25), and static pressure-volume and maximal expiratory flow-volume curves were obtained. Eight pairs of lungs were processed for histology at a PL of 5 cmH2O, and eight pairs of lungs were processed at a PL of 25 cmH2O. Significant loss of elastic recoil was found in the papain-treated lungs, between 30 and 90% predicted V25 (P less than 0.02). However, there was no correlation between the mean linear intercept corrected to predicted lung volume (indicative of alveolar destruction) and loss of elastic recoil. There was a significant reduction of maximal flow (Vmax) between 20 and 90% predicted V25. However, the reduction in Vmax was commensurate with the reduction of elastic recoil, since there was no significant change in resistance of the upstream segment between 30 and 70% predicted V25. Airway morphometry demonstrated no significant differences in small airway dimensions between control and emphysema-treated lungs. In both control and papain-treated lungs, small airway dimensions changed relatively more than lung volume a PL of 25 and 5 cmH2O. PMID- 7263438 TI - Role of fascia in maintenance of muscle tension and pressure. AB - The effect of fasciotomy on muscle tension (measured by a force transducer attached to the tendon) and interstitial fluid pressure (measured by Wick catheters in the muscle belly) was studied in the anterolateral compartments of 13 dog hindlimbs. Muscle tension and pressure were monitored in the tibialis cranialis muscle after low- and high-frequency stimulation of the peroneal nerve to produce twitch- and tetanic-type contractions. Fasciotomy decreased muscle force during the low-frequency stimulation by 16% (35.3 +/- 4.9 to 28.4 +/- 3.9 N) and during the high-frequency stimulation by 10% (60.8 %/- 4.9 to 54.8 +/- 3.9 N). Muscle pressure decreased 50% after fasciotomy under both conditions, 15 +/- 2 to 6 +/- 1 mmHg and 84 +/- 17 to 41 +/- 8 mmHg), respectively. Repeated functional evaluations during the testing procedure indicated that muscle fatigue was not a major factor in these results. It was concluded that fascia is important in the development of muscle tension and changes in interstitial pressure. Furthermore, the results raised questions concerning the merits of performing a fasciotomy for athletes with a compartment syndrome. PMID- 7263440 TI - Cold-specific feeding response of rats to cold exposure and energy density of body weight change. AB - The increased food intake of rats exposed to cold is the result of increased intake due to cold (cold-specific compartment; A) and decreased intake due to simultaneously decreased body weight (weight-specific compartment; B). The two compartments are evaluated at 5, 13, and 17 degrees C. B is evaluated as the food intake of theoretical, isogravimetric control (identical to cold-exposed rats with respect to body weight and rate of change of body weight and identical to nonexposed rats in all other respects) that takes into account both the change in energy expenditure due to decreased body weight and the energy yield from tissue catabolism represented by change of body weight. A is the observed food intake minus B. A theoretical heat-flow model, in which expected changes in heat flow during cold exposure drive food intake to maintain or restore preexposure body weight status, corroborated the partition derived from experimental data. However, both the experimental results and the heat-flow model imply that the energy density of body weight change is negatively correlated with rate of body weight change. The energy density of weight change is high with high rates of weight loss and low with high rats of weight gain. PMID- 7263441 TI - Increased pulmonary vascular permeability following acid aspiration. AB - The effect of hydrochloric acid aspiration on transvascular fluid and protein flux and lung water content was studied in 21 anesthetized dogs. We measured steady-state lung lymph flow, pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures, and the concentration of total protein and albumin in both lymph and plasma after intratracheal instillation of 2 ml/kg 0.1 N HCl. Acid injury produced a twofold increase in lung lymph flow and lymph protein clearance when compared with control. This indicated an increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability. In dogs given 25 g concentrated human albumin and 1 mg/kg furosemide 10 min after the acid injury, the acid-induced increase in fluid filtration was prevented. However, the decrease in fluid filtration was not attributed to an increase in the transvascular protein osmotic pressure gradient but to a more direct effect of furosemide. Treatment with furosemide alone prevented the increase in lung lymph flow induced by acid injury, whereas albumin alone did not. In all acid injured animals there was an increase in lung water when compared wtih control. Therefore acid aspiration produced localized areas of damage to filtration vessels that lead to increased leakage of protein and water. Furosemide treatment prevented much of this increased fluid and protein flux by an undefined mechanism. PMID- 7263442 TI - Human lung pressure-volume relationships: alveolar collapse and airway closure. AB - We investigated the effect of airway closure and alveolar collapse on the large volume deflation and inflation transpulmonary pressure-volume (Ptp-V) curves of five postmortem excised human lungs. For stepwise static cycles, no inflection occurred on the deflation curve, while either one or two inflections occurred on the inflation curve. These relations were stimulated by a multicompartment model, which assumed a bimodal distribution of compartmental collapse-pressure differences. The simulations indicate that alveolar collapse can occur without causing an inflection on the deflation curve and that hysteresis in reopening of collapsed alveoli on inflation can account for a major portion of Ptp-V hysteresis. In contrast, for slow dynamic cycles, an inflection occurred on the experimental deflation Ptp-V curve, and when inflations were begun at sufficiently low volumes, volume did not change until a threshold pressure difference was reached about which PtP began to oscillate as lung volume increased. These differences in the stepwise static and dynamic Ptp-V curves can result from sustained airway closure on deflation and popping-opening on inflation. PMID- 7263443 TI - Evidence of active regulation of cerebrospinal fluid acid-base balance. AB - To test the passive transport hypothesis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [H+] regulation, we altered the relationship between plasma [H+] and the electrical potential difference between CSF and blood (PD) by elevating plasma [K+] during 6 h systemic acid-base disturbances. In five groups of pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, we increased plasma [K+] from 3.5 to an average of 7.8 meq/l. Hyperkalemia produced an increase in the PD of 6.3 mV by 6 h with normal plasma acid-base status (pHa 7.4), of 8.3 mV with isocapnic metabolic acidosis (pHa 7.2), of 5.3 mV with isocapnic metabolic alkalosis (pHa 7.6), of 9.2 mV with isobicarbonate respiratory acidosis (PaCO2 61 Torr) and of 5.7 mV with isobicarbonate respiratory alkalosis (PaCO2 25 Torr). The change in CSF [H+] at 6 h in each group was the same as that observed in normokalemic animals (Am. J. Physiol. 228: 1134-1154, 1975). This result is not consistent with the passive transport hypothesis. The CSF-blood PD is therefore not an important determinant of CSF [H+] CSF [H+] homeostasis must result from some form of active transport control. PMID- 7263445 TI - Mechanical properties of mouse lungs: effects of degassing on normal, hyperoxic, and irradiated lungs. AB - We critically examined conventional techniques for studying static mechanical properties of the lungs using normal mice, mice exposed to high O2 concentrations, and mice with radiation pneumonitis and radiation fibrosis. Successive pressure-volume (PV) curves were performed in situ both before and after degassing the lungs in vacuo. In both hyperoxia and radiation pneumonitis the deflation limbs of the curves were shifted to the right compared with their corresponding controls. However, the curves were further shifted rightward and downward after degassing the lung, as compared with the curve obtained before degassing. This effect of degassing was most marked in abnormal lungs and was not corrected by repeating inflation-deflation cycles nor by inflating to higher pressures and allowing time for units to open. Histology showed that abnormal lungs fixed in inflation after degassing were unevenly reinflated. It is speculated that, in conditions such as hyperoxia and radiation pneumonitis, altered surface tension properties may result in uneven reinflation of the lungs after degassing and that nonuniform reinflation may produce spurious shifts in the shape as well as the amplitude of PV curves. Thus PV curves performed with air after degassing the lung may not correctly represent the mechanical properties of abnormal lungs. PMID- 7263444 TI - Adrenergic neurotransmission in airways: inhibition by acetylcholine. AB - Superfusion techniques were used to examine the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on the release of norepinephrine (NE) from isolated canine airways. Trachealis strips and helical strips of intrapulmonary airways were incubated with 3H labeled NE, rinsed, and mounted in superfusion chambers. The superfusate was collected at timed intervals for estimation of total radioactivity and for column chromatographic separation of NE and its metabolites. Field electrical stimulation (2 Hz) and tyramine perfusion (3 X 10(-5) M) increased the total radioactivity of the perfusate by increasing the amount of intact 3H-labeled NE as well as the amounts of all metabolic fractions. Both extraneuronal and neuronal uptake mechanisms were important in inactivating the NE released by either stimulus. Exogenously administered ACh (10(-6)-10(-5) M) inhibited the release of NE that was caused by nerve stimulation but not that caused by tyramine perfusion. The inhibitory effect of ACh was antagonized by atropine (10( 6) M) but not by hexamethonium (5 X 10(-6) M). We conclude that ACh inhibits the exocytotic nerve-stimulated NE release by activating muscarinic receptors on adrenergic nerve varicosities. PMID- 7263446 TI - Interactions between fatiguing and nonfatiguing isometric contractions. AB - Isometric contractions of the handgrip muscles were exerted by eight male subjects (age range 19-24 yr) to determine the relationship between fatiguing and nonfatiguing isometric contractions. In a first series of experiments, subjects exerted fatiguing isometric contractions at tensions of 25, 40, or 70% of the maximum strength of the subjects (MVC) following a contraction at a nonfatiguing tension of 5 or 10% MVC for 3, 7, or 20 min. In a second series of experiments, subjects exerted pairs of fatiguing isometric contractions at the same tensions; however, during the 3-, 7-, or 20-min interval between the contractions the subjects either rested or exerted a contraction at 5 or 10% MVC. Nonfatiguing isometric contractions exerted prior to fatiguing contractions had little influence on the endurance for the fatiguing static effort. In contrast, when contractions at nonfatiguing tensions were exerted in the recovery interval following an isometric contraction at a fatiguing tension, the recovery of endurance was dramatically reduced. PMID- 7263447 TI - Kinetics of serotonin uptake in the dog lung. AB - A bolous containing [3H]serotonin and indocyanine green dye was rapidly introduced into the pulmonary artery on an isolated blood-perfused left lower dog lung lobe. Sequential samples of the venous effluent were collected for approximately 25 s following the injections. The lung intake of the injected [3H]serotonin was inversely proportional to the injected dose, ranging from about 70% for a 10-nmol injection to about 38% for a 100-nmol injection. Less than 2% of the injected 3H, which appeared in the venous effluent over the sampling interval, was in the form of [3H]5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; and during the bolous transit through the lung lobe, uptake of serotonin by platelets was negligible. The serotonin extraction ratio curves exhibited dose-dependent characteristic shapes that we have interpreted using a model in which it is assumed that serotonin uptake follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics and flow through the capillary bed is heterogeneous. Using this model and a multiple regression analysis, the outflow dye and 3H concentration vs. time curves were used to estimate Km and Vmax for serotonin uptake by the lungs. PMID- 7263449 TI - Effect of hypercapnia on net filtration of fluid in the lungs of awake newborn lambs. AB - To study the effect of hypercapnia on net transvascular filtration of fluid in newborn lungs, we measured pulmonary arterial and left pressures and collected lung lymph from 11 awake 2-wk-old lambs as they spontaneously breathed a gas mixture rich in carbon dioxide. After a 2-h control period in air, the lambs breathed 8-11% carbon dioxide mixed with air and nitrogen for 2-6 h. Average pulmonary arterial pressure and blood flow to the lungs increased during hypercapnia, but pulmonary vascular resistance did not change. In all cases, hypercapnia led to an acute transient increase in lymph flow. During sustained hypercapnia, however, flow of lymph was not significantly different from flow measured during the control period. The concentration of protein in lymph decreased at the onset of hypercapnia and remained low during sustained hypercapnia. These results suggest that acute hypercapnia increases net filtration by increasing the transvascular gradient of hydraulic pressure, whereas, in a "steady-state," neither hypercapnia nor the tachypnea that accompanies it alters net transvascular filtration of fluid in the lungs of unanesthetized newborn animals. PMID- 7263448 TI - Detection of ozone toxicity during continuous exercise via the effective dose concept. AB - In evaluating O3 toxicity in humans, the effective dose, expressed as the simple product of concentration, exposure duration and ventilation volume (VE), has been applied only to resting or intermittent exercise (IE) exposures. In the present study, we examined the validity of effective dose in predicting pulmonary function impairment when effective dose was determined both as a simple product and as a weighted function via multiple regression. Eight trained male subjects (ages 22-46) completed 18 protocols, including exposures (via mouthpiece) to filtered air and three levels of O3 concentration (0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 ppm), while exercising continuously for durations ranging from 30 to 80 min. The O3 effective dose was significantly related to pulmonary function impairment and exercise ventilatory pattern alteration. Multiple regression analysis, however, substantiated the predominant importance of O3 concentration, with the threshold for O3 toxicity during exercise at a moderately heavy work load [approximately 65% maximum O2 uptake (VO2 max)] shown to be between 0.20 and 0.30 ppm. Although considerable individual variability in O3 toxicity response was noted, group mean responses in our continuous exercise mouthpiece exposures were similar to those previously observed with IE chamber exposures. Thus while the effective dose concept has notable deficiencies in predicting the individual degree of O3 toxicity, it remains a useful approach and warrants further investigation. PMID- 7263451 TI - Effect of pedaling rate on submaximal exercise responses of competitive cyclists. AB - This investigation was undertaken to determine the effect of pedal frequency on submaximal exercise responses. Seven well-trained competitive cyclists were studied riding their road-racing bicycles on a motor-driven treadmill at 80% of maximum O2 consumption (VO2 max) using different gear ratios. Cyclists were also studied during a series of unloaded trials to assess the effects of varying rates of limb movements independent of external work load. Heart rate (HR) increased, whereas net HR (after subtracting the HR during unloaded cycling) decreased with increasing pedal frequency during loaded cycling. Expiratory flow (VE), O2 consumption (VO2), blood lactate, net VO2 (after subtracting the VO2 of unloaded cycling), and net VE (after subtracting the VE during unloaded cycling) were quadratically related to pedal frequency. The quadratic relationships evident after corrections were made for the additional work needed to move the legs more frequently may be explained at the lower pedaling rates by a less uniform pattern of blood flow caused by increasing the force requirement per pedal stroke and, at the higher pedal frequencies, by the recruitment of additional musculature to stabilize the trunk. The average of preferred frequency for the group, which was also the most economical pedaling rate judged by most of the variables was 91 rpm, although the preferred pedaling rate for each subject ranged from 72 to 102 rpm. PMID- 7263450 TI - Carotid body O2 chemoreception and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. AB - The effect on carotid chemoreceptor afferents of oligomycin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation that does not affect energy conservation, was studied in 20 cats that were anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. Responses of single or a few chemoreceptor afferents to changes in arterial O2 tension (PaO2) at constant arterial CO2 tension were recorded. In addition, responses to nicotine, cyanide, and antimycin A or carbonyl cyanide p tri-fluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) were tested in normoxia. Oligomycin (50 500 microgram) was administered by close intra-arterial injection, and the same tests were repeated at timed intervals. Initially, oligomycin caused vigorous stimulation of carotid chemoreceptor activity. Subsequently, although the afferent fibers were still active and could be vigorously stimulated by nicotine, they no longer responded to changes in PaO2 or to doses of cyanide, antimycin A, or FCCP. These results separate stimulation of chemoreceptor afferents by hypoxia and metabolic inhibitors and uncouplers from that by nicotine and suggest that intact oxidative phosphorylation, required for maintenance of the intracellular high-energy phosphate levels, forms the basis of O2 chemoreception in the carotid body. PMID- 7263452 TI - Effects of different-size microemboli on lung fluid and protein exchange. AB - We examined the effects of embolization with different-size glass-bead microemboli on pulmonary transvascular fluid and protein exchange in the sheep lung lymph fistula preparation. Embolization with either 200- or 500-micron diameter glass beads caused comparable increases in pulmonary vascular resistance, which were sustained for the duration of the study. The 200-micron beads increased pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) and did not affect the lymph-to plasma protein concentration ratio (L/P), whereas injection with 500-micron beads increased Qlym and decreased L/P. The latter changes were comparable to those observed after an increase in pulmonary microvascular pressure induced by left atrial hypertension, suggesting that the 500-micron beads increase the Qlym by raising the microvascular hydrostatic pressure. In contrast, the 200-micron beads increased the transvascular clearance of proteins to a greater extent, since L/P did not decrease as Qlym increased. These findings suggest that lung vascular permeability increases after embolization with smaller (200-micron) but not with larger (500-micron) emboli. The increased permeability after embolization with small beads may be due to transmission of the permeability-increasing substances to the downstream capillaries via the collateral pulmonary arteries. This would not occur after embolization with larger emboli if these obstructed the pulmonary arteries upstream from branching points of the collateral arteries. The ultrafiltration of protein-poor plasma after embolization with the 500-micron beads may reflect increased fluid filtration in unobstructed microvessels due to increase in the microvascular hydrostatic pressure. PMID- 7263453 TI - Use of aerosols to estimate pulmonary air-space dimensions. AB - Single-breath inhalations of monodisperse aerosols were performed with a group of normal subjects to determine aerosol recovery from the human lung after periods of breath holding. Aerosols of monodisperse nonhygroscopic droplets of bis(2 ethylhexyl) sebacate of between 0.5 and about 2.5 micron diam were used for the inhalation. The inhalation apparatus allows continuous monitoring of particle number concentration and flow rate close to the mouth. Experiments were designed to find the optimum experimental conditions for the principal concept of Palmes et al (In: Inhaled Particles and Vapours. London: Pergamon, 1976, vol. II. p. 339 347) to evaluate pulmonary air-space dimensions by means of aerosols. The experimental results obtained for various respiratory flow rates (125, 250, and 500 cm3 X s-1), settling velocities of the particles (10(-3) to 1.5 X 10(-2) cm X s-1) and volumes of inspired aerosols (500, 1,000, and 2,000 cm3) are compared with the results derived from a mathematical model for the particle deposition during respiratory pauses. Monodisperse aerosols with particles between 1 and about 1.5 micron diam. inspired for breath holding into the lung region of interest, may provide optimum conditions for the sizing of air spaces by means of aerosols. PMID- 7263454 TI - Vagal stimulation and aerosol histamine increase hysteresis of lung recoil. AB - Bronchoconstriction changes pulmonary resistance and dynamic compliance by altering both airway properties and dynamic lung tissue recoil. To assess the contribution of recoil, we measured transpulmonary pressure in anesthetized open chest dogs during sinusoidal ventilation with gas flow and during sinusoidal compression of intrapulmonary gas without flow. Measurements with gas flow characterized total pulmonary behavior, including the contribution of gas flow in airways, whereas measurements during gas compression characterized lung tissue recoil alone. Histamine aerosol produced a 54% decrease in dynamic compliance, a 465% increase in total pulmonary resistance, and a 153% increase in pressure volume hysteresis of dynamic recoil. Vagal stimulation produced a 31% decrease in dynamic compliance, a 135% increase in total pulmonary resistance, an 82% increase in the hysteresis of recoil, and a 15% increase in mean recoil pressure. At slow oscillation frequencies (0.2 Hz) and high transpulmonary pressures (10 cmH2O), hysteresis of lung recoil contributes substantially to total pulmonary resistance, and changes in dynamic lung recoil can account for much (35%) of the increase in pulmonary resistance seen with bronchoconstriction. PMID- 7263456 TI - Cough dynamics during progressive expiratory muscle weakness in healthy curarized subjects. AB - The dynamics of voluntary cough were studied in healthy supine subjects during four successive infusions of d-tubocurarine (dTc) (0.05 mg/kg) to assess the effects of progressive expiratory muscle weakness on cough performance. Curarization produced a progressive decline in maximal static expiratory muscle strength (PEmax) measured at the mouth and in pleural pressures (Ppl) generated during coughing. Expiratory flow rates during coughing did not decrease except during the initial cough from total lung capacity with the last dTc dose (18% below control). This was associated with a decrease in end-inspiratory volume prior to coughing and with a marked decrease in Ppl to 30% of control. Although the decrease in flow rates was minimal compared with Ppl, flow patterns suggest that dynamic airway compression was reduced during these coughs. We conclude that the principal effect of the expiratory muscle weakness in curarized subjects is to reduce the cough-induced dynamic compression and linear velocity of airflow though the major intrathoracic airways. PMID- 7263455 TI - Reflex tracheal contraction induced by stimulation of bronchial C-fibers in dogs. AB - Bradykinin stimulates the afferent vagal endings of bronchial C-fibers but has little effect on other pulmonary vagal afferents. In anesthetized dogs with open chest, we recorded transverse tension in the posterior wall (trachealis muscle) of an upper cervical tracheal segment and stimulated bronchial C-fibers selectively by injecting bradykinin (19 ng-3 microgram) into a bronchial artery. The recurrent and pararecurrent laryngeal nerves were cut so that the superior laryngeal nerves provided the motor supply to the segment. Bradykinin caused a dose-dependent increase in tracheal muscle tension and often a conspicuous decrease in heart rate, which were abolished by vagotomy or administration of atropine. Injection of bradykinin still evoked tracheal contraction when myelinated lung afferents were blocked by cooling the midcervical vagi to 7 degrees C, but contraction was abolished when unmyelinated lung afferents were blocked by cooling to 0-1 degrees C, the effects of cooling being reversible. Our results indicate that stimulation of bronchial C-fibers, like that of pulmonary C fibers, evokes reflux contraction of airway smooth muscle and reflex cardiac slowing. PMID- 7263457 TI - Comparison of heart rate measurement protocols used during autonomic function tests. AB - The five most used cold pressor test heart rate protocols were compared to the true R-R interval responses recorded during a cold hand test. Forty-one nonsmoking male volunteers between 18 and 55 yr were given a cold hand pressor test. Heart rate was evaluated by averaging the R-R interval within 2-, 5-, 6-, 10-, and 30-s time intervals and by the true R-R interval measurement. No significant physiological differences existed at rest; however, during stress the maximum values obtained were successively diminished the greater the time utilized to average the heart rate pressure (P less than 0.05). During recovery an underestimation of the true response was observed that increased as the averaging time increased (P less than 0.05). Comparison between the R-R interval measure and the 6-s average data indicated a 18% decrease in the time of peak response. Therefore, the responses recorded with the 6-s averaged data were less sensitive and obscured the rapidity of autonomic changes. Hence, when sensitivity and absolute response are a primary concern in determining autonomic function, measurements should include R-R interval measures of heart rate or the average of the number of R-R intervals in 2-s time blocks. PMID- 7263458 TI - Breath-to-breath monitoring of inspiratory occlusion pressures in humans. AB - A pneumatically drive occlusion device has been designed to implement brief (ca. 130 ms) inspiratory airway occlusion and to monitor the associated inspiratory occlusion pressure (P100) on a breath-to-breath basis in humans. The device, which has a low resistance when patent, provides no discernible modulation of ventilation during steady and nonsteady states of moderate intensity cycle ergometer exercise. With this technique, it is possible to undertake investigations of dynamic as well as steady-state P100 responses to stimuli such as extensive, inhaled CO2, and hypoxia. PMID- 7263460 TI - Mechanics and energetics of stilt walking. AB - Three subjects were studied walking on a sports track with and without 1-m-long stilts. They were asked to walk in different ways. Pace length, step rate, heart rate, and oxygen consumption were measured under both conditions at different speeds. The results show that walking speed is generally faster for stilt walking than for normal walking. The higher speed is achieved due to increased pace length in spite of a decrease in step rate. The relationship between energy expenditure and walking speed is approximately the same in both cases. This result may be explained by two opposing factors: increase of pace length and decrease of step rate decrease the energy requirements of stilt walking, but the foot loading presented by the stilt walking exaggerates these conditions and increases energy expenditure. PMID- 7263459 TI - A method of producing calibrated microtubules for air embolism studies. AB - Utilizing the differential absorption techniques in conjunction with gas injection methods has enabled the production of calibrated microtubules with diameters ranging from 14 to 300 micron. Nitrogen was blended with CO2, the "diluent" gas, to produce the initial bubbles, while tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride (THAM) was used as an absorbent to remove the diluent gas from the bubbles. Hence, the diameters of the initial bubbles were significantly reduced with only the inert gas remaining. The Coulter counter was used for immediate size monitoring of the microtubules. To verify the inertness of the absorbent medium, nine anesthetized dogs were infused with increasing amounts of the solution. In five of the animals plasma surface tension and pH (arterial) were measured, while in the remaining four arterial blood pressure, heart rate, breathing frequency, and pulmonary artery pressure was measured before, during, and after the injections. Changes in plasma surface tension and pH were minimal while acceptable physiological values were recorded, all of which were in agreement with previous investigations. Differential absorption techniques provided a reliable means for producing calibrated micro-bubbles for air embolism studies. PMID- 7263461 TI - Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension in the dog. AB - The clinical, physiologic, and pathologic manifestations of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with pulmonary hypertension (right to left type PDA) were studied in 5 dogs. Cyanosis, hindlimb collapse, low-intensity heart murmurs, and splitting of the 2nd heart sound were prominent clinical findings. Secondary polycythemia was a feature in 3 dogs. Electrocardiography revealed marked frontal plane right axis deviation in all dogs. Radiographic findings in all dogs consisted of an enlarged right ventricle and main pulmonary artery segment, with a hypovascular pulmonary pattern. A wide descending aorta was evident in 4 dogs. Pulmonary arteriography revealed blunt, tortuous secondary and tertiary vessels. Blood flow through the PDA was from right to left in 4 dogs and bidirectional in 1. Necropsy of 1 dog revealed extensive pulmonary arterial disease characterized by fibromuscular intimal proliferation. Surgical correction was contraindicated, and medical therapy was not required in the 4 dogs retained by the owners as pets. Due to the persisting congenital heart defect and the real and potential sequelae, the prognosis is guarded. PMID- 7263462 TI - Effect of aspirin on aqueous protein values in the dog. AB - Aqueous protein concentration, degree of miosis, and intraocular pressure were evaluated in dogs given aspirin, then subjected to aqueous paracentesis and reverse cyclodialysis. Compared with control dogs, the dogs given aspirin had less aqueous protein, but there was no difference in miosis or in intraocular pressure. The practical application of this finding is that aspirin given prior to intraocular surgery may be of value in minimizing the postoperative increase in aqueous protein content. PMID- 7263463 TI - Electrical alternans associated with pericardial effusion in the dog. PMID- 7263464 TI - Prognostic criteria for dogs with oral melanoma. PMID- 7263465 TI - Relationship of size of veterinary service areas to practice type and community size. PMID- 7263466 TI - Acute hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia, and heinz body formation associated with ingestion of red maple leaves by horses. AB - From June 1975 through June 1979, acute hemolytic anemia developed in 11 horses from 7 New York farms. Of the 7 horses that died, 6 had methemoglobinemia. In the 4 horses that recovered, methemoglobinemia was not observed. but Heinz body formation was seen in 3 of the 4. On 2 of the premises involved, frank methemoglobinemia was observed concurrently with Heinz body formation, suggesting a relationship between the pathogenesis of methemoglobinemia and Heinz body formation in the hemolytic process. In addition to the 11 cases described, 22 clinically similar cases were reported to us during the period of this investigation by practicing veterinarians from New York, Pennsylvania, and the New England states. All 33 cases of hemolytic anemia occurred between June and October of each year, and affected horses had access to outside paddocks or fields containing a variety of native grasses, weeds, and trees. On 2 farms, hemolytic anemia developed after the horses were observed browsing fallen branches of red maple trees (Acer rubrum). Red maple leaves and bark were obtained from 1 of these farms, and approximately 1 kg of a leaf and bark mixture was fed to each of 2 ponies. Within 48 hours, both ponies became ill. The syndrome was indistinguishable from that observed in clinical patients and was characterized by methemoglobinemia and intravascular hemolysis. The ponies died 5 and 6 days after which time the packed cell volumes were 6% and 7% respectively. It was concluded that many cases of hemolytic anemia in horses in northeastern states may be related to ingestion of leaves or bark from red maple trees. The studies did not, however, define the factors that predispose to poisoning and did not exclude the possibility that other environmental toxins may have been involved. PMID- 7263467 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation: antithrombin, plasminogen, and coagulation abnormalities in 41 dogs. AB - An analysis was made of 41 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs, with the objective of evaluating routine and nonroutine laboratory tests used in making the diagnosis. The dogs were grouped on the basis of underlying disease, which included neoplasia (39%), pancreatitis (30%), chronic active hepatitis (15%), heat stroke (12%), and sepsis (4%). Of the diagnostic tests evaluated, those for determination of activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin III activity, prothrombin time, and the platelet count were the most valuable. Of the clotting factors, factor V activity was decreased more frequently than the activity of factor VIII:C (factor VIII: procoagulant). The factor VIII:C activity was in conflict with prevailing dogma that reflects depression of this factor in disseminated intravascular coagulation. Factor VIII:C activity was decreased in only 29% of dogs studied. Activation of the fibrinolytic system was manifested by decreased plasminogen activity in 49% of the dogs studied. Sixty-one percent of the dogs had increased amounts of fibrin (ogen) degradation products. PMID- 7263468 TI - Orthovoltage radiotherapy of oral fibrosarcomas in dogs. AB - Seventeen dogs with oral fibrosarcomas were referred for radiotherapy. All dogs were treated with orthovoltage x-rays at doses that approached the tolerance level of normal tissue. Acceptable normal tissue complications (epilation, mucositis, and moist desquamation) developed in all dogs surviving radiotherapy. Osteonecrosis, an unacceptable complication of radiotherapy, developed in 2 dogs. Of the 17 treated dogs, 2 died before radiotherapy was completed and 2 lived less than 1 month after treatment. One of the 17 was alive, with osteonecrosis, 27 months after radiotherapy and was free of tumor. The mean time to tumor regrowth and mean survival time in the other 12 dogs were 3.9 and 6.8 months, respectively. The results indicated a poor response of oral fibrosarcomas to treatment with orthovoltage x-rays. It was concluded that treatment of oral fibrosarcomas with other modalities, eg, 60Co gamma rays, may lead to improved results. PMID- 7263469 TI - Gentamicin aerosol therapy in 18 dogs: failure to induce detectable serum concentrations of the drug. AB - Gentamicin was administered as an aerosol to 18 dogs, using a pneumatic nebulizer attached to a face mask. Serum samples were assayed for gentamicin by radioimmunoassay. The antibiotic was not detected in the serum of any dog. It was concluded that the aerosol administration of gentamicin could be considered as topical therapy of the upper respiratory tract and would not induce therapeutic or toxic systemic drug concentrations. PMID- 7263470 TI - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in the semen and genital organs of a semen-donor bull. AB - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the cause of Johne's disease, was isolated from the feces of a donor bull in an artificial insemination stud. During isolation and observation for 21 months, the organism was recovered from all of 26 fecal samples and from 8 of 31 semen samples. At necropsy, it was isolated from the intestine and adjacent lymph nodes, lung, spleen, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland but not from the testicles. We concluded that routine fecal cultures at bull studs will reveal infected bulls before they become genitally infected and shed M paratuberculosis in semen. PMID- 7263471 TI - 1980 average incomes of US veterinarians. PMID- 7263472 TI - ECG of the month. PMID- 7263473 TI - Epidemic of psittacosis in College of Veterinary Medicine. PMID- 7263474 TI - Intestinal parasitism in budgerigars. PMID- 7263475 TI - Surgical extirpation and related anatomy of anal sacs of the ferret. PMID- 7263476 TI - Tetracycline for oral treatment of canine urinary tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Oral treatment with tetracycline resulted in bacteriologic cure in 23 of 25 (92%) dogs with urinary tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All 25 of the isolates of Pseudomonas spp were susceptible to in vitro concentrations of tetracycline (less than or equal to 64 microgram/ml), well below the mean urine concentrations attained in the urine of clinically normal dogs given standard oral doses of tetracycline. PMID- 7263478 TI - Average incomes of solo and group practitioners: owners versus employees, 1980. PMID- 7263477 TI - Echocardiographic abnormalities of the mitral valve associated with left sided heart diseases in the dog. PMID- 7263480 TI - What is your diagnosis? Trichobezoar. PMID- 7263479 TI - What is your diagnosis? Congenital mitral insufficiency. PMID- 7263481 TI - Gamma-ray sterilization and its effect on intraocular lenses. PMID- 7263482 TI - Cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation after fistulizing glaucoma surgery. AB - Cataract extraction with implantation of an intraocular lens was performed in 33 patients who had previously undergone fistulizing glaucoma surgery. A functioning filtering bleb and normal intraocular pressure were important preoperative criteria, however success depended largely upon enhanced postoperative aqueous outflow. Bleb failure following cataract surgery may be caused by prolonged intraoperative hypotony, vitreous or intraocular lens occlusion of the filtering site, or the presence of postoperative inflammatory components in the aqueous. Extracapsular cataract extraction was the most satisfactory technique. Most cases received prepupillary iridocapsular lenses. PMID- 7263483 TI - Healon in anterior chamber lens implantation. PMID- 7263484 TI - Different parameters of the corneal endothelium of the human eye. PMID- 7263485 TI - Millipore filters in ophthalmic surgery: a caution concerning their use. PMID- 7263487 TI - Simcoe posterior chamber lens: theory, techniques and results. PMID- 7263486 TI - 1004 cases of traumatic cataract surgery with implantation of an intraocular lens. AB - Traumatic cataracts occurring after ocular trauma were removed by phacoemulsification, cryoextraction or extracapsular cataract extraction, depending on the degree of lens absorption. All eyes received sputnik-style iridocapsular lenses. Most cases were complicated by the presence of synechiae and/or the need for iridoplasty. The surgical technique varied with the specific nature of the ocular pathology. Eyes with penetrating injuries has a higher complication rate. Anterior chamber shallowing or collapse was the most frequent intraoperative complication, and was directly related to the incidence of postoperative complications. Most postoperative complications were typical of those associated with cataract surgery in complicated situations. PMID- 7263488 TI - Late CME in the pseudophakic eye. PMID- 7263489 TI - Hyaluronic acid. PMID- 7263490 TI - The effects of a penetrating metallic foreign body on a pseudophakic eye. AB - The penetration of a pseudophakic eye by a high-speed metallic foreign body is reported. The path of the steel missile was interrupted by the intraocular lens, which was fixed within the capsular remnant, preventing missile penetration into the posterior segment. Although the foreign body was removed from the anterior chamber without immediate sequelae, several months later a peripheral retinal detachment occurred. Prompt recognition and treatment resulted in the retention of excellent pseudophakic vision. The importance of postoperative protective eyewear is emphasized. PMID- 7263492 TI - A method for anterior chamber lens size determination. PMID- 7263491 TI - Adhesions to manufacturer's trademark on the surface of a posterior chamber lens. AB - A case is reported in which posterior synechiae to the manufacturer's trademark on the surface of a Shearing intraocular lens were noted ten days after the implantation of the lens. After a short course of low-concentration miotic therapy, the adhesions were broken. We concluded that irregularities on the surface of the lens, such as a manufacturer's trademark, provide a focus for synechiae. We suggest that intraocular lens manufacturers refrain from providing such identification on their products. PMID- 7263493 TI - Irrigating spatula for nucleus separation. PMID- 7263494 TI - Maintaining pupillary dilatation during lens implant surgery. PMID- 7263495 TI - Consultation section. Postoperative hyphema. PMID- 7263496 TI - Consultation section. Cataract extraction. PMID- 7263497 TI - Affecting health personnel distribution through AHECs. AB - The United States Government has had a long and enduring interest in the health of its citizens and in the training of health care providers. It was not, however, until 1963 that federal funds were specifically appropriated for health professions education. Almost ten years after the first legislation which authorized funding of health personnel training, the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education assessed the health care of the nation and concluded that in spite of sizeable appropriations to educational programs, health care providers were still in short supply in the inner city and in rural areas of the country. The Carnegie Commission's report triggered congressional interest in the maldistribution problem and led to funding of the Area Health Education Center (AHEC) program in 1972. Since the funding of the initial 11 AHECs in 1972, the Bureau of Health Manpower (renamed the Bureau of Health Professions) has funded more than 20 AHECs. In reviewing the annals of health personnel and projecting the future needs of this nation, it is encouraging to note that many of the Carnegie Commission's goals for better health care are being met through AHECs. PMID- 7263498 TI - Student reactions to a community-based experience for health professions education. AB - Student responses to a community health program in a rural Mexican-American town are presented. Off-campus training was provided for 104 health professions students, during which health evaluations were made of 741 elementary school children. The students reported that the program allowed them to apply clinical skills, that they were more interested in rural practice, and that their reaction to working in teams was overwhelmingly positive. The students reported that teaming offered as advantages greater knowledge and appreciation of other disciplines, more comprehensive patient care, increased knowledge of communication processes, and exposure to relevant clinical skills from other disciplines. Their perceptions of the advantages of teaming varied among the disciplines. The program provided a learning experience for the students and resulted in improved health care for the town. PMID- 7263499 TI - Inter-institutional cooperation in allied health educational planning: a case for statewide studies. AB - During the fall of 1977, a committee of educators and health planners conducted a study to compile data concerning numerous features of allied health education programs in Wisconsin. Such information was seen as vital in enhancing articulation of educational efforts and in implementing policy decisions in the 1980s. The authors of this paper served as project associate and chairman, respectively, for the committee. This paper reviews aspects of the Wisconsin study and the factors which the authors believe necessitate the undertaking of similar studies at this time in other states. Some of the problems in data collection, retrieval, and reporting are summarized. The paper makes suggestions for gaining support and increasing participation in such endeavors among different groups. Important outcomes of the present study are highlighted, and the utility of basic research of this kind is explored briefly. PMID- 7263500 TI - Motivational factors in the careers of health care educators. AB - Little formal research attempts to relate personnel and job-role characteristics with motivations and satisfactions in the health care education field. This paper reports findings, based on a national multidisciplinary sample of health care educators (N = 229), that argue against cynical appraisals of motivations, job satisfactions, and job-role compatibility. A number of empirical hypotheses are derived that may serve as starting points for further inquiry. Instruments and methods useful for future research are described. PMID- 7263501 TI - The role of psychoeducation in allied health practice and education. PMID- 7263502 TI - Half-past tomorrow. PMID- 7263503 TI - Mary E. Switzer Memorial Lecture: allied health education: challenges for a new decade. PMID- 7263504 TI - The role of schools of allied health in the academic health center: report of a study. AB - This paper highlights selected data from a recently completed study of the organization and governance of academic health centers. The study was conducted under the auspices of the Association of Academic Health Centers and was funded by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. It is hoped that the limited information presented here will stimulate interest in the larger study. Data derived from three different questionnaires used in the study are presented and discussed. Top administrators in academic health centers were surveyed to produce information on the structural components and hierarchical relationships in contemporary academic health centers, the processes by which decisions are made and conflicts are resolved, and the conditions that administrators envision for their institutions in the future. Deans of schools of allied health were part of the survey group, and their responses are examined along with those of deans of other health professional schools. PMID- 7263505 TI - Collective bargaining: bargaining unit placement of the allied health department chair. AB - Since the presence of collective bargaining is assured, more specific focus on the impact and implications of this presence for allied health education is increasingly meaningful. The departmental chair stands to be influenced more than other administrative positions by the appearance of collective bargaining. Indeed, resolution of the question of whether the allied health chair is appropriately included in or excluded from bargaining units predominantly made up of faculty members may have profound implications for faculty and central administration. The allied health chair itself may undergo substantive shaping prior or subsequent to the advent of collective bargaining at the university. This article selectively explores not only the impact of collective bargaining and unit determination in higher education but also bargaining unit placement criteria operative in private and public academic sectors. State and federal legislative and judicial action relative to the bargaining unit placement of department chairs is also addressed. The gravity of the issue of bargaining unit placement of allied health department chairs means that all concerned should broaden their awareness of the relevant factors in this process. PMID- 7263506 TI - Skill domains for allied health professions. AB - Seven highly generalizable cognitive affective skill domains have been postulated as broad goals worthy of being incorporated into educational programs in the helping professions. Previous research found that, allowing for marked differences between disciplines, helping professionals perceived all the skill domains to be required areas of competence for effective professional practice and to be relatively teachable. However, with the exception of basic professional/technical skills, the professionals were less sure such competencies should be used as criteria for student selection and evaluation and were certain these skill areas are not being used in this manner. This study replicates and extends previous research by focusing exclusively on education in the allied health professions. New findings are virtually identical to those found in other disciplines. The contrast between what is needed and can be done and what is felt should be and is being done bodes ill for efforts to establish explicit affective curricular goals and instructional procedures in allied health professional education. PMID- 7263508 TI - Emerging consciousness. PMID- 7263507 TI - The perceptual domain: a taxonomy for allied health educators. AB - A taxonomy of the perceptual domain was proposed over a decade ago. It is hierarchical, as are the taxonomies in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Perception involves extraction of information from presenting stimuli, and there is progression of information extraction as the hierarchy is ascended. Perceptual performance at the higher levels of the taxonomy assumes perceptual abilities at the lower levels. A modified version of the perceptual taxonomy applicable to allied health education is presented. Methods concerning application of the taxonomy are suggested. Use of the taxonomy of the perceptual domain would help allied health educators plan instruction and evaluate teaching. PMID- 7263509 TI - An inner view of illness: the dreams of two cancer patients. PMID- 7263510 TI - Jungian personality correlates of cerebral hemispheric preference. PMID- 7263511 TI - Tonotopic organization of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat. AB - A quantitatively accurate map of the tonotopic organization of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) was derived from single unit recordings. Histologically localized single unit recordings from many animals were mapped onto a computerized atlas of the cochlear nucleus, and surfaces of constant characteristic frequency (CF) estimated with the aid of computer graphics. In anterior AVCN the surfaces of constant CF were found to be parallel planes, whereas in posterior AVCN they progressively deviated from this simple description. A further complication was noted in the most posterior portion of the AVCN where units with very different CF was found in close proximity. Comparison of the tonotopic map with descriptions of cellular organization shows conclusively that different CF ranges are dominant in the various cytoarchitectonic regions of the AVCN. PMID- 7263512 TI - Proportionality of intracellular resistance changes and receptor potentials in hair-cell models. AB - Russell and Sellick (Russell, I.J. and Sellick, P.M. (1978): J. Physiol. (London) 284, 261-290) reported measurements in guinea pig inner hair cells of d.c. resistance and d.c. potential changes in response to tones delivered to the tympanic membrane. They reported that d.c. potential changes were proportional to d.c. resistance changes for a broad range of tone levels and frequencies, and concluded that this result is inconsistent with the variable-resistance model proposed by Davis (Davis, H. (1958): Ann. Otol, Rhinol, Laryngol. 67, 789-801). We show that this proportionality is consistent with the model. Furthermore, we show that such proportionality is a special case of a general property of a model that is a generalization of the Davis model. Namely, we show that the time varying receptor potential is proportional to the time-varying resistance change. PMID- 7263513 TI - Short-term auditory deprivation: effect on brainstem electrical response. AB - Recent research has associated long-standing conductive hearing losses and changes in brainstem neural responses. Investigations on human subjects to date have used behavioral modes in evaluating response changes for both short-term (induced) and long-term conductive losses. The present study measured brainstem electrical responses (BSERs) from 30 normally hearing adults divided into unilateral-induced conductive-loss groups of 10, 20 and 30 h. This auditory deprivation produced a significant decrease in the wave-I latency (auditory nerve response) across all groups. It is concluded that short-term auditory deprivation can result in VIII nerve fiber hyper-excitability when initially stimulated after the deprivation period. The occurrence of temporary changes under very short-term deprivation raises the possibility that alterations to brainstem neural responses may also be measurable electrophysiologically in individuals with long-term conductive losses, such as children with otitis media. PMID- 7263514 TI - Effects of hypothermia on ionic movement in the guinea pig cochlea. AB - Anesthetized and immobilized guinea pigs were subjected to hypothermia. During cooling, the cochlear microphonics and endocochlear potential decreased and K+ concentrations in both endolymph and perilymph were not significantly affected. The rate constant for K+ turnover to endolymph was determined by uptake of 43K into the endolymph when the perilymphatic space was perfused with artificial perilymph containing 43K. The rate constant for K+ decreased significantly in hypothermic guinea pigs when compared with that in normal guinea pigs. The K+ conductance of the endolymph-perilymph barrier, estimated from the rate constant, showed a marked decrease in hypothermic guinea pigs and was comparable with the K+ conductance, calculated from the rate of change of the endolymph K+ concentrations relative to the K+ electrochemical potential difference, recorded during permanent anoxia. These results suggest that hypothermia not only suppresses the active K+ transport system but also decreases the K+ permeability of the endolymph-perilymph barrier. PMID- 7263515 TI - Tone-on-tone masking in the chinchilla. AB - Detailed measurements of tone-on-tone masking in the chinchilla with the signal (f2) higher in frequency than the masker (f1) were obtained with 50-dB SPL maskers of 1000 and 1500 Hz. Two regions of lower thresholds (notches) were found for each masker. The masker-notch interval was independent of masker frequency for one of these notches, but dependent on frequency for the other. The latter notch was though to be due to the detection of 2f1-f2 combination tones and to provide additional evidence for relatively poor frequency resolution in the chinchilla. PMID- 7263516 TI - Longitudinal distribution of cochlear potentials and the K+ concentration in the endolymph after acoustic trauma. AB - Guinea pigs were exposed to 142 dB third-octave band of noise control at 1 kHz for 1 h. At different times after exposure the endocochlear potential (EP), the anoxic negative endocochlear potential (-EP), the concentration of K+ (K+e) and microphonic potentials were recorded in scala media in four cochlear turns. The remaining hair cells were counted in each animal. Immediately after the exposure, the EP and K+e decreased evenly in all four cochlear turns and gradually returned to normal physiological values in 5-20 days. When measured 20 days after the exposure, essentially normal EP and K+e values were observed, with an apicalwards decline, which was similar to that found along the cochlea in nonexposed animals. Abnormal increased EP was observed in some animals 20 days after the exposure in the first and second turns. In contrast to positive EP and K+e values, the anoxic negative EP attained less negative values in the second turn of exposed animals, i.e., in the turn where the narrow band noise exerted the major destructive effect. An almost normal distribution of hair cells and most negative EP values were found in the fourth turn. The distribution of persistent hair cells correlated positively with the values of the anoxic negative EP and amplitudes of the microphonic potentials. It is assumed that, in addition to the difference in K+ concentration between endolymph and perilymph, the anoxic negative EP is dependent upon the functional state of the organ of Corti. PMID- 7263517 TI - Responses of single neurons in physiologically defined area AI of cat cerebral cortex: sensitivity to interaural intensity differences. AB - In 15 cats, cortical area AI was defined by its frequency organization, and cells within that field were tested for sensitivity to interaural intensity differences (IIDs) using sealed stimulus delivery systems. Of 39 cells tested quantitatively, 26 were sensitive to IIDs. In 70% of cases, sensitivity to IIDs reflected suppressive binaural interactions, and was manifested as a sigmoidal relation of spike count to IID. For 8 other cells, facilitative binaural interactions generated unit sensitivity to IIDS; three of these neurons demonstrated nonmonotonic dependency of spike count on IID, with peak firing rates at or near 0 dB IID. Analysis of spike count versus IID functions in terms of the auditory azimuths known to generate the IIDs used revealed that the majority of cells were most sensitive to IIDs associated with azimuths in the contralateral sound field. These data are compatible with other evidence on the sensitivity of cortical and brainstem cells to binaural sound localization cues, and suggest that each side of the auditory brain is independently capable of localizing sound sources in the contralateral field. PMID- 7263518 TI - Responses of auditory-nerve fibers to characteristic-frequency tones and low frequency suppressors. AB - Responses of single auditory-nerve fibers to combinations of low-frequency (suppressor) and characteristic frequency (CF) tones were recorded. The shapes of period histograms were observed as the level of the suppressor was raised. For fibers with CFs above 5.0 kHz, at the lowest suppressor levels used, the phase of the suppressor tone which caused instantaneous rate to increase when presented alone caused a rate decrease when added to a CF tone. For suppressor frequencies of 500 and 100 Hz, as suppressor level is increased, two peaks appear in the period histograms. Further increase in level causes first one, then the other of these peaks to disappear and the histogram takes on the shape of the histogram to the suppressor alone. A similar progression of histogram shape follows a decrease in CF tone level for fixed suppressor level. PMID- 7263519 TI - Neural phase-locking properties in the absence of cochlear outer hair cells. AB - A combined regimen of kanamycin sulfate treatment (175 mg/kg/day) and behavioral evaluation of resulting audiometric threshold shifts was used to produce selective outer hair cells (OHC) loss in chinchillas. This protocol resulted in a 3-7 mm region in the cochlear base in which OHCs were completely absent and inner hair cells (IHCs) were largely resent and normal at both light and electron microscopic levels. Partial OHC loss was associated with audiometric threshold shifts in excess of 15 dB, while complete OHC loss was associated with audiometric threshold shifts in excess of 40 dB. After recovery periods of at least three weeks, phase-locking was examined across frequency for auditory nerve (VIIIth nerve) and ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) neurons. The frequency range for neural phase-locking in normal subjects extended up to approximately 4 kHz for VIIIth nerve fibers and 3 kHz for VCN neurons. Following kanamycin intoxication, however, the frequency range for neural phase-locking in both of these auditory regions varied with characteristic frequency (CF): neurons whose CF corresponded to normal cochlear regions exhibited phase-locking throughout the normal frequency range; neurons whole CF corresponded to cochlear regions with selective OHC loss exhibited a marked reduction in the frequency range over which they could phase-lock. PMID- 7263520 TI - Origin of the guinea pig cochlear action potential produced by a click. AB - 1. The sound pressure level required to produce a detectable gross action potential (N1) in the guinea pig was measured for a range of frequencies. The resulting electrocochleogram was compared with the click level require to produce a detectable N1. 2. Over most of the auditory range (1-30 kHz) the required click level was 5 dB higher than the level of the most sensitive part of the electrocochleogram. 3. The click evoked N1 therefore reflects the condition of neither the whole cochlea nor any fixed part of it, instead it is a measure of the most sensitive region of any particular cochlea. 4. A click which produces a threshold N1 fails to produce a single-unit change which is detectable by the usual criteria. At threshold, the click-evoked N1 is a result of partial synchrony of single units. PMID- 7263521 TI - Effect of monensin or ruminal fermentation, forage intake and weight gains of wheat pasture stocker cattle. AB - The effects of monensin or ruminal fermentation, forage intake and weight gains of stocker cattle grazed on wheat pasture were studied. In the first of two ruminal fermentation studies, ruminal fluid pH was increased and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations at 4 (p less than .01) and 24 hr postfeeding were decreased in steers fed 200 mg monensin/day. However, no such changes in ruminal fluid pH and total VFA concentrations in monensin-fed steers were observed in trial 2. The ruminal fluid acetic to propionic acid ratio of steers that received monensin was decreased (P less than 0.5) by about 40 and 20% of trials 1 and 2, respectively. Results of two forage intake trials, in which steers received 0 or 200 mg monensin daily, were not consistent, precluding conclusions about the effect of monensin, per se, on stocking rate adjustments when the additive is used in wheat pasture stocker programs. In each of two growth trials, conducted over 2 years, about 125 heifers per year were divided into three groups: one group grazed wheat pasture and received no supplement, and the other two grazed wheat pasture and were fed a pelleted supplement that contained 0 or 100 mg monesin. Daily gains of heifers fed monensin were .08 kg greater (p less than .01) than those fed supplement without monensin. The data indicate that monesin does have potential for use in wheat pasture stocker programs. PMID- 7263522 TI - detection of pregnancy in ewes with the ultrasonic scanopreg. AB - The accuracy of the ultrasonic Scanopreg was evaluated in tests with 24 commercials, West Virginia ewe flocks. Two Scanopreg units were used to check for pregnancy in 1,644 ewes that had been exposed to rams during the fall breeding season. Predictions were compared against lambing records. Possible accuracy errors were: type 1 (ewes diagnosed pregnant but failed to lamb) and type 2 (ewes diagnosed open but subsequently lambed). Type 1 error rate for 1,270 ewes was 1.2%. Type 2 error rates were 55.2, 15.5, 6.2, 1.1 and 4.0% for ewes pregnant less than 60, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, 80 to 120 and greater than 120 days at diagnosis, respectively. Accuracy of diagnoses during late pregnancy (greater than 120 days) was increased if obviously pregnant ewes were sorted out before testing. The combined error rate (all type 1 errors + type 2 errors for ewes 80 to 120 days pregnant) for 1,018 ewes was 2.5%. Ewe age had no apparent effect on type 2 error rates for ewes 80 to 120 days pregnant. Among flocks, type 1 and type 2 error rates varied from 0 to 11.8% and 0 to 7.1%, respectively. Variations in accuracy among flocks were associated primarily with undetected abortions (type 1 errors) and operator inexperience (type 2 errors). Scanopreg accuracy was not affected by individual units or inclement weather. We concluded that the Scanopreg is accurate and can be a reliable management tool if used to test ewes 80 to 120 days after they have been exposed to rams. PMID- 7263523 TI - The relationship of thyroxine secretion rate to growth of swine. AB - The thyroxine secretion rate of five barrows and five gilts (Yorkshire x Landrace) was monitored at 4-week intervals from 10 to 26 weeks of age. Thyroxine secretion rate was determined by injecting 131I-thyroxine (20 MUCi) and monitoring both thyroxine concentration in plasma and the decline of labeled thyroxine in plasma over the next 48 to 60 hours. The thyroxine secretion rate increased from 10 to 14 and 14 to 18 weeks of age but remained unchanged thereafter. The metabolic clearance rate of thyroxine increased significantly through 22 weeks of age 11.83, 2.98, 4.65, 6.32 and 6.90 leter/hr), as did the thyroxine distribution space (2.32, 4.32, 7.10, 90.72 and 10.36 liters. Body size (/.75) was correlated with thyroxine distribution space (r = .49) and thyroxine secretion rate (r = .44). PMID- 7263524 TI - Effects of age on lipogenesis and lipolysis in lean and obese swine. AB - The effects of age on lipogenic and lipolytic activities in several breeds of swine were investigated. Females from a contemporary line and genetically selected populations of lean and obese pigs were utilized. Subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were taken from the shoulder area of nonfasted animals at 28-day intervals from 3 to 6 months of age for determination of in vitro lipogenic, lipolytic and acetyl CoA carboxylase activities. There were no significant differences between the breeds in the in vitro lipogenic rates measured in tissue slices with 14 C-glucose as substrate, except at 6 months of age, when the rate was higher in the obese than in the lean animal. However, the trend each months was obese greater than contemporary greater than lean. Lipogenic activity was greatest in all breeds at 4 months of age. Acetyl CoA carboxylase activity closely paralleled the lipogenic activity. The in vitro unstimulated lipolytic rate measured in tissue slices by the release of fatty acids to the incubation medium was similar for all breeds and decreases with age. Lipogenesis appears to be more important than unstimulated lipolysis in regulating backfat thickness in the breeds of swine examined. PMID- 7263525 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation on thermal shrinkage temperature of bovine muscle collagen. AB - The effect of beef carcass electrical stimulation on the thermal stability of intramuscular collagen was determined. Differential scanning calorimetric determinations of thermal shrinkage temperature revealed that electrical stimulation lowered the shrinkage temperature of collagen by an average of .6 C in the population of cattle studied. No difference between Hereford x Angus crossbreds and Charolais crossbreds were found, but the extent of the reduction of collagen shrinkage temperature caused by electrical stimulation was greater in animals that did not receive high grain diets or received grain for only a short period than in those fed grain for up to 210 days. Furthermore, panel tenderness and Warner-Bratzler shear tests showed that stimulation-induced tenderization was also greater in animals fed no grain or fed grain for a short time. No evidence of stimulation effects on myofibrillar proteins was observed from data on sarcomere length or myofibrillar fragmentation index. The reduction of thermal stability of bovine intramuscular collagen by electrical stimulation may result from a decrease in the number or strength of the collagen cross-links. PMID- 7263526 TI - Effect of doubling daily energy intake during the last two weeks of pregnancy on pig birth weight, survival and weaning weight. AB - Eighty-eight multiparous sows of four breeds -British Landrace (BL), Chester White (CW), Large White (LW) and Yorkshire(Y)-were mated to boars of their own breed or another breed-BL, Hampshire (H) or Y-to form eight breed groups. All sows were fed daily 1,8 kg of a standard 14% protein gestation diet based on corn soybean meal through day 100 of pregnancy (6,000 kcal digestible energy/day). From day 100 of gestation to parturition, each sow received either the basal diet (6,000 kcal digestible energy/day) or the basal diet plus 1.82 kg corn starch (12,000 kcal digestible energy/day). All sows were fed a 16% protein corn-soybean meal-based diet ad libitum from day 1 to day 28 of lactation. Energy intake during gestation had no effect on individual pig birth weight, percentage survival or 28-day body weight. There were differences among breeds in pig birth weight (P less than .01) and 28-day weight (P less than .01), and a breed X gestation energy level interaction (P less than .05) was found, but the biological significance is questionable because of the small sample size. Pigs that nursed before blood samples were taken had lower (P less than .01) hematocrit than pigs not allowed to nurse before blood sampling. Energy intake of the dam had no effect on the magnitude of the difference between nursed and nonnursed pigs. We conclude than the normal pregnant dam maintains blood glucose homeostasis during hyperalimentation, thereby rendering ineffective this approach to increasing neonatal growth and survival. PMID- 7263527 TI - The influence of sow dietary lipids and choline on piglet survival, milk and carcass composition. AB - Twenty-one crossbred gilts and 75 crossbred sows were randomly assigned to six treatments for examination of the effect of lipid feeding and choline level on baby pig survival. Dietary variables were supplemental fat and choline in a 3 X 2 factorial arrangement. Fat treatments were no supplemental fat, 10% corn oil and 10% animal fat; choline treatments were 0 and 500 ppm supplemental choline from choline chloride. Baby pig survival and litter weight at 21 days were improved (P less than .05) by supplemental fat. Lipid treatments also improved (P less than .05) percentage survival among piglets in the weight ranges of 909 g or less, 1,136 to 1,362 g and 1,363 to 1,589 grams. Lipid feeding increased survival by 18.5% among the piglets weighing less than 909 grams. Piglets fasted for 60 hr had 47.7% less (P less than .05) total lipids and 90.5% less (P less than .05) glycogen than 12-hr-old, nonfasted piglets. The feeding of corn oil significantly affected percentages of carcass fatty acids. Percentages of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acids decreased during fasting, indicating good utilization, while percentages of stearic and arachidonic acids increased, indicating poorer utilization during fasting. Milk from control sows, which had received a gestation diet containing 4% added poultry fat prior to treatment, was only slightly lower in energy and lipid content (nonsignificant) than milk from sows on the lipid treatment. Corn oil affected (P less than .05) the percentage of fatty acids in milk. Additional choline appeared to have no beneficial effect in any phase of the experiment. Choline did not increase lipid mobilization or piglet survival. PMID- 7263528 TI - Wheat shorts in diets of gestating swine. AB - Sixty-four gilts were assigned to be bred at first or third observed estrus and fed gestation diets of pelleted wheat shorts with a free choice mineral-vitamin supplement or fortified corn-soybean meal. Only the dietary effects are included in this report. The gilts were fed their respective diets starting at 25 days after insemination. The experiment continued through three gestation-lactation cycles. Females fed the wheat shorts received less digestible energy during gestation and weighed less at day 109 of gestation and days 1, 7 and 21 of lactation in each of the three gestation-lactation periods. Females fed wheat shorts had lighter pigs at birth, weaned more pigs per litter in each parity and returned to estrus more slowly after weaning than females fed a corn-soybean meal diet. Results of a metabolism trial conducted with 12 barrows revealed that wheat shorts contained approximately 2.93 kcal digestible energy/kg dry matter and had an apparent protein digestibility of 72%, compared with values of 4.0 kcal and 86%, respectively, for the corn-soybean meal diets. PMID- 7263529 TI - Effect of sorghum particle size on digestibility of nutrients at the terminal ileum and over the total digestive tract of growing-finishing pigs. AB - The effect of sorghum particle size on nutrient digestibilities at the terminal ileum and over the total digestive tract of growing-finishing pigs were investigated in a replicated 3 X 3 Latin square trial. Sorghum-casein diets were used. Sorghum was dry rolled (C) or ground in a hammer mill through 6.4 mm (M) or 3.2 mm (F) screens, producing particles with a modulus of fineness of 3.57, 2.85 or 2.36, respectively. Each successive reduction in particle size improved (P less than .05) the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, starch, gross energy and N. Measured over the total digestive tract, digestibilities of these components were highest (P less than .05) for the F diet but they did not differ (P greater than .10) between diets M and C because of increased (P less than .05) disappearance in the large intestine of dry matter, starch and gross energy from the C diet. N loss in the large intestine was also higher for pigs fed diet C than for those fed diet M, but the difference was not significant. The digestibilities of most amino acids at the terminal ileum were improved (P less than .05) as particle size decreased. Lysine digestibilities were not affected (P greater tha .10). Amino acid digestibilities measured over the total digestive tract were consistently higher (P less than .05) for diet F than diets M and C, which did not differ (P greater than .10) from one another. A comparison of ileal and total tract digestibilities indicated a net disappearance of all measured amino acids except lysine during large intestine transit. These data indicate that increasing fineness of grind will improve digestibility of nutrients in sorghum by growing-finishing pigs. PMID- 7263530 TI - Luteotropic effects of bovine blastocysts. AB - A series of experiments was conducted to determine whether 18-day bovine blastocysts could stimulate synthesis of progesterone by dispersed bovine luteal cells in vitro. Both blastocyst homogenates and extracts of blastocyst homogenates were luteotropic. The luteotropic activity of the blastocysts appeared to be due to one or more heat-labile substances with a molecular weight of less than 12,000 daltons. PMID- 7263531 TI - Concentrations of sperm, protein and a sperm membrane glycoprotein within boar epididymal luminal fluids. AB - Boar rete testis fluid and luminal contents from nine epididymal segments were collected for analysis. From proximal to distal, segments were designated A, B, C (caput), Da, Db, Ea (corpus) and Eb, Fa, Fb (cauda). Concentrations of sperm, protein and soluble sperm membrane glycoprotein S2P3 were lowest in the caput epididymidis (region A) and highest in the proximal corpus epididymidis (region Da). At region Da, approximately 94% of the fluid that had entered the epididymis had been reabsorbed. More total protein was found in the luminal fluid of region Da than could be accounted for on the basis of concentration via fluid removal. The proximal cauda epididymidis was the major luminal protein-removing region. However, large amounts of glycoprotein S2P3 were removed from the luminal fluids during passage through the caput epididymidis, and smaller amounts were removed during passage through the cauda epididymidis. PMID- 7263532 TI - Prevention of induced lactic acidosis in cattle by thiopeptin. PMID- 7263533 TI - Effect of gonadotropin dose and postpartum status on induced ovulation and pregnancy in lactating sows. PMID- 7263534 TI - Interaction of environmental temperature and anti-quality factors on the severity of summer fescue toxicosis. AB - Two experimental strains of tall fescue grass (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) that had previously been shown to produce differences in animal performance during the summer period were fed to Holstein calves in temperature controlled rooms. In the first year, GI-306 (less toxic) and GI-307 (more toxic) tall fescues were fed during July in rooms maintained at 10 to 13, 21 to 23 and 34 to 35 C. In the second year, the same tall fescues and orchardgrass were fed at a high temperature during May (32 to 33 C), July (34 to 35 C) and October (31 to 32 C). A comparison at a lower temperature (16 to 18 C) was also included in the July and October trials, On both years, calves consuming GI-307 tall fescue consistently had lower dry matter intakes, higher rectal temperatures, higher respiration rates and lower weight gains than those fed GI-306 tall fescue or orchardgrass at temperatures above 31 C. At lower ambient temperatures, differences in dry matter intake, rectal temperature and respiration rates between animals on the two strains of forage were not statistically different. The results demonstrate the poor performance of cattle grazing fescue is related to environmental temperature and that the toxic substance(s) is present throughout the growing season. PMID- 7263535 TI - Long-term selection for rapid gain in mice. I. Genetic analysis at the limit of response. PMID- 7263536 TI - Bioavailability of iron from ferric choline citrate and a ferric copper cobalt choline citrate complex for young pigs. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine the bioavailability for young pigs of Fe from ferric choline citrate or from a commercial mixture of Fe, Cu and Co choline citrate salts. Relative biological value of Fe from either source with a standard of 100 for FeSO4 x 7H20 was about 140 by both hemoglobin regeneration and Fe retention methods. PMID- 7263537 TI - Effect of indomethacin dexamethasone-induced parturition in swine. AB - The hypothesis that corticosteroids induce parturition in swine by stimulating the synthesis of prostaglandins was tested. Twenty Yorkshire sows were treated with indomethacin and(or) dexamethasone or the respective vehicles of the drugs. Only sows treated with dexamethasone alone showed a premature increase in the concentration of prostaglandin F2 alpha-metabolite (PGF2 alpha-M), a decrease in the concentration of progesterone in the peripheral plasma and induction of parturition. Treatment with indomethacin alone or indomethacin plus dexamethasone prolonged gestation and prevented an increase in PGF2 alpha-M and a decrease in progesterone. These results show that the effect of dexamethasone on prepartum luteolysis and induction of parturition is mediated through stimulation of the synthesis or the release of PGF2 alpha. PMID- 7263538 TI - Effect of removal of follicles, corpora lutea or ovaries on maintenance of pregnancy in swine. AB - The effects of the removal of follicles, corpora lutea (CL) or ovaries at day 108 of gestation on maintenance of pregnancy and on concentrations of progesterone, prostaglandin 2 alpha-metabolite (PGF2 alpha-M) and relaxin in maternal plasma were studied in 20 gilts. Controls were subjected to sham surgical procedures. Removal of CL or ovaries decreased progesterone and relaxin and increased PGF2 alpha-M in the maternal circulation and prematurely terminated pregnancy without causing onset of lactation. Progesterone and relaxin decreased to a lower concentration after ovariectomy than after removal of CL, probably because of incomplete extirpation of luteal tissue. Ovariectomy increased the frequency of stillbirths. These results show that the CL are the main source of progesterone and relaxin in pregnant swine and that relaxin may play a role in parturition and the onset of lactation. PMID- 7263539 TI - Reentrant cannulation of the small intestine in sheep: cannula and surgical method. AB - The function, design and production of a reentrant cannula for the small intestine of sheep and the corresponding surgical procedure are described. The cannula is molded in one piece from polyvinylchloride plastisol. It consists of a curved intestinal tube joined to a stem with an external elliptical ring on the distal end and a perforated flange that encircles the stem above the intestinal tube. A circular perspex valve with two curved channels was made to fit into the interior of the cannula, making it capable of either a "maintenance" or a "collection" function. The cannula was inserted into the proximal duodenum and(or) terminal ileum of sheep via a 5-cm incision on the antimesenteric side of the intestine. The intestine was attached to the cannula by a Dacron straight arterial graft. This reentrant cannulation method does not require an intestinal transection and a mesenteric incision under the transection. Therefore, little damage was done to the blood and nervous system. PMID- 7263540 TI - Degradation of supplemental proteins in the rumen. PMID- 7263541 TI - Renal clearance of magnesium in sheep given citric acid and(or) potassium chloride. PMID- 7263542 TI - [1978 survey on causes of death and autopsy reports on leprosy at leprosarium in Japan]. PMID- 7263543 TI - [Lucio phenomenon in leprosy reactions]. PMID- 7263544 TI - [Immunotherapy of leprosy (1st report). Study on the therapy by means of the transfusion of leucocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7263545 TI - [Leprosy in northern India. I. An epidemiological study in five villages of Ghatampur (author transl)]. PMID- 7263546 TI - [Leprosy in northern India. II. An epidemiological study in Ghatampur block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7263547 TI - [Changes in the trend of age groups and causes of death observed on the leprosy patients died during the period from 1971 to 1977 in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7263548 TI - [Leprosy in northern India. III. An epidemiological study in Patara block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7263549 TI - [Revision of leprosy prevention legislation and leprosaria in Japan--abolition of legal discrimination of patients and their complete medical care]. PMID- 7263550 TI - Rosaramicin: in-vitro activity against common bacterial isolates. PMID- 7263552 TI - Interstitial fluid concentrations of aminoglycosides. PMID- 7263551 TI - Changes in the renal function of rats treated with cefoxitin and a comparison with other cephalosporins and gentamicin. PMID- 7263553 TI - Ornidazole as a single drug in the treatment of mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections. PMID- 7263554 TI - Penetration into the pleural fluid after bacampicillin and amoxycillin. PMID- 7263555 TI - Influence of age and renal disease on aminoglycoside dosage. PMID- 7263556 TI - The use of aminoglycosides in a regional burn unit. PMID- 7263557 TI - Prospective comparative study of the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides in human (abstract). PMID- 7263558 TI - Prophylaxis of pyelonephritis by aminoglycosides accumulated in the kidney. PMID- 7263560 TI - Antibiotics of choice in suspected serious sepsis. PMID- 7263559 TI - Aminoglycosides in the treatment of bacteraemic infections in the immuno comprised host. PMID- 7263561 TI - Clinical efficacy of aminoglycosides: an example of balance between microbiology and pharmacology. PMID- 7263562 TI - Peripheral inactivation of gentamicin. PMID- 7263563 TI - Inactivation of aminoglycosides by penicillins. PMID- 7263564 TI - Plasma concentration monitoring of aminoglycosides. PMID- 7263565 TI - A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of amikacin and gentamicin. PMID- 7263566 TI - Resistance towards aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol antibiotics in bacteria. PMID- 7263567 TI - Epidemiological aspects of aminoglycoside resistance in France. PMID- 7263568 TI - Survey of frequency of sensitivity and resistance to aminoglycosides in Switzerland. PMID- 7263569 TI - Epidemiological studies of aminoglycoside resistance in the U.S.A. PMID- 7263570 TI - Wide-range, digital intervalometers for camera control. PMID- 7263571 TI - Polaroid type 611 video image recording land film for copying radiographs. PMID- 7263572 TI - Microcomputer application for camera, lighting, and device control. PMID- 7263573 TI - Fiber optics at the copystand--another application. PMID- 7263574 TI - Synchronized motion picture recording of CRT display. PMID- 7263575 TI - When is a placebo not a placebo in research on the effectiveness of treatment with pollen extracts? PMID- 7263576 TI - The psychodynamics of transitory postpartum depressive reactions. PMID- 7263577 TI - Pulmonary function tests and bronchodilator responsiveness. PMID- 7263578 TI - The physician and the hospitalized patient. PMID- 7263579 TI - Mortality in status asthmaticus: a nine-year experience in a Respiratory Intensive Care Unit. AB - Failure to recognize the severity of an asthmatic attack and its consequent lack of aggressive management have been incriminated as contributing factors in mortality from asthma. We reviewed our experience with patients in status asthmaticus admitted to the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) over a nine year period to determine the course and mortality of patients managed in the RICU. Between May, 1968, and April, 1977, 86 patients in status asthmaticus were admitted, 11 with multiple admissions, for a total of 111 admissions. There were two fatalities recorded. Psychological dependence on therapeutic modalities probably contributed to these two deaths, and both may have been preventable. The low mortality rate probably reflects the more intensive management and monitoring that these severe asthmatics receive in an RICU setting. PMID- 7263581 TI - Psychosomatic group therapy with parents of children with intractable asthma. XII. The Goldey family. Part II. PMID- 7263582 TI - A new method of administering aqueous epinephrine: the EpiPen, an automatic syringe. PMID- 7263583 TI - Effect of Triiodothyronine on Bronchial Asthma. III. AB - In two previous communications we demonstrated that triiodothyronine (T3) improved cases of chronic bronchial asthma (CBA). In this communication we administered T3 in a dose of 40 microgram/day for a period of sixty days to twelve cases of CBA aged less than 38 years who had had the condition for more than 5 years and were not on steroids or chromoglycate. All were outpatients. Respiratory functions including vital capacity and timed expiratory volume were tested before and after the period of drug administration. Patients were also advised to record the number of attacks and amount of bronchodilators used. All patients had their % T3 uptake and thyroxine (T4) serum level examined before the experiment. Ten normal persons of matching ages and sexes had their blood examined for % T3 uptake and levels as control. The results have shown that the patients had normal % T3 uptake and T4 levels in blood. Their vital capacity increased by an average of 4.27%, their first-second expiratory volume by 17.58% (P less than 0.0025), their second-second expiratory volume by 13.74% (P less than 0.0025%), and their maximal ventilatory volume by 12.95% (P less than 0.0025). Five cases had an increase of over 20% and 5 cases had practically no increase or a mild reduction. Subjective improvement and reduction in amount of bronchodilators used correlated well with the improvement in ventilation. It is argued that T3 acts through having the capacity to increase cAMP, a main messenger in bronchodilation that is known to be deficient in asthmatics. PMID- 7263584 TI - The intracranial injection of drugs in goldfish. II. Preliminary report of behavior of serotonin as a potential hallucinogen when injected intracranially and intraabdominally. AB - Serotonin, when injected intracranially and intraabdominally into goldfish produces the surfacing reaction typical of hallucinogenic compounds active in man. It is suggested that serotonin disorders in the brain in man might be connected with the schizophrenias. PMID- 7263585 TI - Effects of Commiphora Mukul (Guggul) in experimentally induced hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis. PMID- 7263586 TI - Significance of serological and intradermal tests in amoebiasis. PMID- 7263587 TI - Aldomet and positive Coomb's test. PMID- 7263588 TI - Diagnosis and management of coronary vasospasm. PMID- 7263589 TI - Acute aortic regurgitation (report of four cases). PMID- 7263590 TI - A case of acute congestive glaucoma probably induced by imipramine. PMID- 7263592 TI - Sideroblastic anemia (a case report). PMID- 7263591 TI - Rabies presenting as ascending myelitis. PMID- 7263593 TI - Salmonella liver abscess (a case report). PMID- 7263594 TI - Unusual sequelae of electric shock (a case report). PMID- 7263595 TI - The importance of CSF electrophoresis in SSPE. PMID- 7263596 TI - Posterior aortic wall motion index and left atrial dynamic index for mitral and aortic valve disease. PMID- 7263597 TI - Systolic time intervals in chronic anaemia before and after 4-isothiocyanato-4' nitrodiphenylamine (C 9333-Go/CGP 4540). A new anthelmintic. PMID- 7263598 TI - A combination of propranolol and hydralizine for the treatment of severe hypertension. PMID- 7263599 TI - Appraisal of rheumatic tricuspid stenosis. PMID- 7263600 TI - Effect of diabetes mellitus on male fertility. PMID- 7263602 TI - Relapsing and recurrent idiopathic polyneuropathy. PMID- 7263601 TI - Hepato-pulmonary amoebiasis: a study of clinical features and therapeutic response. PMID- 7263603 TI - Bronze diabetes. PMID- 7263604 TI - Immunological studies in kala-azar (case report). PMID- 7263606 TI - Integrated electric activity of the diaphragm in health and cardiopulmonary diseases. PMID- 7263605 TI - Clinical pattern of inferior vena cava obstruction. PMID- 7263607 TI - The potential toxicity of excessive polyunsaturated fats (an experimental study). PMID- 7263608 TI - Reduced cadmium transport determined by a resistance plasmid in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The presence of a plasmid harboring a gene for Cd2+ resistance led to markedly reduced Cd2+ uptake via the energy-dependent Mn2+ transport system in Staphylococcus aureus strain 17810R. Cd2+ uptake by the resistant strain via this high-affinity system was seen only at very low Cd2+ concentrations. At high concentrations, Cd2+ was taken up by the resistant strain via a different low affinity uptake system. Cd2+ uptake via this system was energy dependent but was not blocked by Mn2+. Loss of the plasmid from the resistant strain resulted in Cd2+ sensitivity and unblocking of Cd2+ transport via the Mn2+ carrier in the plasmidless derivative strain 17810S. The energy-dependent Cd2+ uptake by the sensitive strain was inhibited by Mn2+ with kinetics indicating competitive inhibition. It is suggested that the second, low-affinity uptake system for Cd2+ in the resistant strain is the energy-dependent cadmium/proton antiporter, which at low Cd2+ concentrations functions in net Cd2+ efflux. PMID- 7263609 TI - Energy-dependent efflux of cadmium coded by a plasmid resistance determinant in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strain 17810R to Cd2+ appears to be due to a plasmid-coded Cd2+ efflux system. Complete efflux of Cd2+ after transfer of preloaded cells into Cd2+-free medium occurred in the resistant strain 17810R, but not in the plasmidless derivative strain 17810S. Net efflux was blocked by 2,4-dinitrophenol, N,N,-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), and incubation at 4 degrees C. The inhibition of Cd2+ efflux by DCCD paralleled a stimulation of net uptake in the resistant cells by this agent. Cd2+ efflux by the resistant strain was accompanied by a reversal of inhibition of respiration, whereas in the sensitive strain, inhibition of respiration was not reversed after transfer to Cd2+-free medium. Net Cd2+ uptake by strain 17810R was inhibited by p chloromercuribenzoate. In Cd2+ contrast, Cd2+ uptake by the plasmidless strain 17810S was affected neither by p-chloromercuribenzoate nor by DCCD when added alone, but was blocked by a combination of these two agents. Valinomycin had no effect on the reduced Cd2+ uptake by the resistant strain, whereas nigericin stimulated uptake to values comparable to those of the untreated sensitive cells. With sensitive cells, valinomycin reduced Cd2+ uptake by about 50%, whereas nigericin was without effect. A possible mechanism of Cd2+ movements in both strains is discussed. PMID- 7263611 TI - Assimilatory sulfur metabolism in marine microorganisms: a novel sulfate transport system in Alteromonas luteo-violaceus. AB - The sulfate transport mechanism of a marine bacterium, Alteromonas luteo violaceus, was unique among microorganisms in its extremely low affinity for the sulfate analog thiosulfate. Distinguishing characteristics included weak inhibition of sulfate transport by thiosulfate, inability to transport thiosulfate effectively, poor growth using thiosulfate as the sole source of sulfur, and a mild effect of the sulfhydryl reagent para-hydroxymercuribenzoate. In contrast, sulfate transport by a marine pseudomonad, Pseudomonas halodurans, was strongly inhibited by thiosulfate, and para-hydroxymercuribenzoate reversibly but completely blocked sulfate transport. PMID- 7263610 TI - Assimilatory sulfur metabolism in marine microorganisms: characteristics and regulation of sulfate transport in Pseudomonas halodurans and Alteromonas luteo violaceus. AB - Sulfate transport capacity was not regulated by cysteine, methionine, or glutathione in Pseudomonas halodurans, but growth on sulfate or thiosulfate suppressed transport. Subsequent sulfur starvation of cultures grown on all sulfur sources except glutathione stimulated uptake. Only methionine failed to regulate sulfate transport in Alteromonas luteo-violaceus, and sulfur starvation of all cultures enhanced transport capacity. During sulfur starvation of sulfate grown cultures of both bacteria, the increase in transport capacity was mirrored by a decrease in the low-molecular-weight organic sulfur pool. Little metabolism of endogenous inorganic sulfate occurred. Cysteine was probably the major regulatory compound in A. luteo-violaceus, but an intermediate in sulfate reduction, between sulfate and cysteine, controlled sulfate transport in P. halodurans. Kinetic characteristics of sulfate transport in the marine bacteria were similar to those of previously reported nonmarine systems in spite of significant regulatory differences. Sulfate and thiosulfate uptake in P. halodurans responded identically to inhibitors, were coordinately regulated by growth on various sulfur compounds and sulfur starvation, and were mutually competitive inhibitors of transport, suggesting that they were transported by the same mechanism. The affinity of P. halodurans for thiosulfate was much greater than for sulfate. PMID- 7263612 TI - Bacterial degradation of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid with production of methanol. AB - When grown on 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid, a strain of Pseudomonas putida oxidized this compound and also 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic, 3,5-dimethoxy-4 hydroxybenzoic (syringic), and 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic (3-O-methylgallic) acids, but 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic and other acids bearing structural resemblances to the growth substrate were oxidized only slowly. These results indicate that two carbon atoms of the side chain of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate were released before oxidative demethylation occurred to give the ring-fission substrate, 3-O-methylgallate. Oxidation of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate by intact cells gave equimolar amounts of methanol, which was derived from the methoxyl group of 3-O-methylgallate. The tricarboxylic acids, 4-carboxy-2-keto-3 hexenedioic and 4-carboxy-4-hydroxy-2-ketoadipic acids, were shown to be formed by the action of a cell extract upon 3-O-methylgallate; therefore, methanol was released either during or immediately after fission of the benzene nucleus. Cell extracts, prepared from several independent soil isolates after growth on 3,4,5 trimethoxy derivatives of benzoic, cinnamic, and beta-phenylpropionic acids, rapidly oxidized 3-O-methylgallate without added cofactors. It is concluded that the reactions investigated serve generally as a source of methanol in nature. PMID- 7263613 TI - Bacterial degradation of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic and 3-ketoglutaric acids. AB - When grown at the expense of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid, a species of Arthrobacter readily oxidized 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenylacetic acid, but other structurally related aromatic acids were oxidized only slowly. Cell extracts contained a dioxygenase for 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenylacetate, and the corresponding trihydroxy acid, which was not attacked by the enzyme, inhibited oxidation of this ring-fission substrate. Cell suspensions did not release carbon dioxide from 3,4-[methoxyl-14C]dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenylacetate but accumulated 1 mol of methanol per mol of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetate oxidized. A cell extract converted the ring-fission substrate into stoichiometric amounts of pyruvate and acetoacetate, formed from 3-ketoglutarate by the action of an induced decarboxylase. 3-Ketoglutaric acid served as sole source of carbon for many soil isolates. PMID- 7263614 TI - Diverse enzymological patterns of phenylalanine biosynthesis in pseudomonads are conserved in parallel with deoxyribonucleic acid homology groupings. AB - l-Tyrosine biosynthesis in nature has proven to be an exceedingly diverse gestalt of variable biochemical routing, cofactor specificity of pathway dehydrogenases, and regulation. A detailed analysis of this enzymological patterning of l tyrosine biosynthesis formed a basis for the clean separation of five taxa among species currently named Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, or Alcaligenes (Byng et al., J. Bacteriol. 144:247-257, 1980). These groupings paralleled taxa established independently by ribosomal ribonucleic acid/deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) homology relationships. It was later found that the distinctive allosteric control of 3 deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase in group V, a group dominated by most named species of Xanthomonas (Whitaker et al., J. Bacteriol. 145:752-759, 1981), was the most striking and convenient criterion of group V identity. Diversity in the biochemical routing of l-phenylalanine biosynthesis and regulation was also found, and phenylalanine patterning is in fact the best single enzymatic indicator of group IV (Pseudomonas diminuta and Pseudomonas vesicularis) identity. Enzymological patterning of l-phenylalanine biosynthesis allowed discrimination of still finer groupings consistently paralleling that achieved by the criterion of DNA/DNA hybridization. Accordingly, the five ribosomal ribonucleic acid/DNA homology groups further separate into eight DNA homology subgroups and into nine subgroups based upon phenylalanine pathway enzyme profiling. (Although both fluorescent and nonfluorescent species of group I pseudomonads fall into a common DNA homology group, fluorescent species were distinct from nonfluorescent species in our analysis.) Hence, phenylalanine patterning data provide a relatively fine-tuned probe of hierarchical level. The combined application of these various enzymological characterizations, feasibly carried out in crude extracts, offers a comprehensive and reliable definition of 11 pseudomonad subgroups, 2 of them being represented by species of Alcaligenes. PMID- 7263615 TI - Growth and division of spiroplasmas: morphology of Spiroplasma citri during growth in liquid medium. AB - The helical mycoplasma Spiroplasma citri was examined by electron microscopy with a newly developed transfer technique which preserves the helical morphology of the organism. The smallest viable cell was found to be a two-turn (elementary) helix. During the logarithmic phase of growth, organisms increased in length and divided by constriction, liberating two-turn elementary helices. The most frequently dividing parental helix was one with approximately four turns, yielding two elementary helices. Influence of pH and temperature on the morphology of the organism was also investigated. In unbuffered medium, growth of the organism produced a significant decrease in pH and a consequent formation of abnormal morphological forms and cell lysis. At 37 degrees C, cell division was inhibited, leading to a progressive disappearance of two-turn helices and an increase in the average length of other helices. Finally, helices were never seen to arise from round bodies at any stage of the growth cycle. PMID- 7263616 TI - Cytoplasmic helical structure associated with Acholeplasma laidlawii. AB - A distinct spiral protein structure was found in three species of Acholeplasma, but was not found in the Mycoplasma species studied. The spirals, which are 14 nm in width and of variable length from 50 to 300 nm, are formed by a helical arrangement of 7-nm subunits. A rosette-like structure 45 nm in diameter also composed of 7-nm subunits was found in close association with the spirals and may be a taut in vivo form of the spiral. The electrophoretic profile in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels indicated that the spirals are composed of a predominant polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 100,000. No evidence can be found for inferring actin-like properties for this structure. PMID- 7263617 TI - Scanning electron probe x-ray microanalysis of elemental distributions in freeze dried cryosections of Bacillus coagulans spores. AB - High-resolution scanning electron probe X-ray microanalysis had been employed to examine elemental distributions in freeze-dried cryosections of Bacillus coagulans spores. Calcium, manganese, and phosphorus were concentrated in the protoplast and the coat. Iron was found in the coat but not in the protoplast, whereas the silicon seen on the coat of other spore species was absent. Sulfur was present in the coat, but was distributed over a broader area than the other elements, which suggested that phosphorus and the metal ions were located in the outer coat layer. PMID- 7263618 TI - Effect of oxygen radicals and peroxide on survival after ultraviolet irradiation and liquid holding recovery of Bacteroides fragilis. AB - The survival of Bacteroides fragilis cells after far-ultraviolet irradiation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions and the liquid holding recovery under aerobic conditions were not affected by peroxide or quenchers of toxic oxygen derivatives. PMID- 7263619 TI - The effect of membrane potential on the redox state of cytochrome b561 in antimycin-inhibited submitochondrial particles. AB - The oxidation of cytochrome b561 by ATP was measured in submitochondrial particles inhibited by antimycin. The redox potential of the bulk (M phase) was controlled by the ratio of fumarate:succinate, and the oxidation of cytochrome b was calculated and expressed as a change in redox potential (Eh) measured in millivolts. The oxidation of cytochrome b561 is an energy-driven reaction affected only by the delta psi component of the proton motive force. The oxidation (measured in millivolts) is a function of the phosphate potential, reaching a maximal value of 40 mV at delta G'ATP less than - 12 kcal/mole. The maximal measured value of ATP-dependent delta psi was 100 mV. Thus only a fraction of the membrane potential effects the redox state of cytochrome b561. In contrast to the ATP-induced oxidation of cytochrome b561, cytochrome b566 is in redox equilibrium with fumarate succinate either in the presence or in the absence of ATP. The selective oxidation of b561 is explained within the term of the Q cycle as a reflection of delta psi on the electron electrochemical potential. The positive electric potential of the C phase causes cytochrome b566 to act as oxidant with respect to cytochrome b561. In the presence of antimycin cytochrome b561 cannot equilibrate with the quinone and undergoes oxidation, while cytochrome b566 reequilibrates with the quinone and thus regains redox equilibrium with the fumarate succinate redox buffer. PMID- 7263620 TI - Ion transport in liver mitochondria from normal and thyroxine-treated rats. AB - Liver mitochondria isolated from rats 24 h after a single subcutaneous injection of 8 mg thyroxine per kilogram body weight were compared with those isolated from control rats that received injections of isotonic saline at the same time. The mitochondria isolated from the thyroxine-treated rats show higher rates of energy dependent K+ and phosphate accumulation than those from control animals. It was also found that mitochondria from the hormone-treated animals required a larger addition of Ca2+/mg mitochondrial protein in order to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, and showed smaller tendency to swell in vitro under energizing conditions. The data obtained on ion movements support previous observations that the stimulation of the basal rate of mitochondrial respiration by thyroxine is associated with an increase in the transmembrane protonic electrochemical potential difference, and indicate the in vivo the hormone raises the intramitochondrial concentration of K+ and phosphate. PMID- 7263621 TI - Changes in the type II and type I collagen messenger RNA population during growth of chondrocytes in 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine. AB - The collagen mRNA population of cultured chick chondrocytes was examined during a 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-induced shift in the type of collagen synthesized. When a cell-free protein-synthesizing system was used, it was found that an increase in the translatable mRNA for type I collagen [alpha 1 (I)]2 alpha 2 was correlated with the onset of the synthesis of this collagen type by intact cells. It was also found, both in vivo and in vitro, that a normal 2:1 ratio of type I subunits is not synthesized at early times in the type II to type I shift but that the alpha 1 (I) subunit is found in excess. It would appear, therefore, that the expression of these complementary subunits is not tightly coordinated. PMID- 7263622 TI - Primary structure of the carbohydrate chain of soybean agglutinin. A reinvestigation by high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy. AB - In an earlier report (Lis, H., and Sharon, N. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 3468 3476) it was concluded that the plant glycoprotein soybean agglutinin contains two types of N-glycosidically linked carbohydrate units, both consisting of mannose and N-acetylgucosamine, in a molar ratio of 9:2. Both were described to have the same core structure, Man alpha (1 leads to 6)[Man alpha (1 leads to 3)]Man beta (1 leads to 4)GlcNAc beta (1 leads to 4)GlcNAc, but different patterns of branching. Here we present data showing that the asparagine-linked carbohydrate moiety of soybean agglutinin is homogeneous and possesses the following structure: (formula, see text) This conclusion is based on high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz of the isolated glycopeptide, and at 360 MHz of the oligosaccharide Man9GlcNAc obtained after digestion of the crude soybean agglutinin glycopeptide by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. The revised structure is identical in all respects with that of the high mannose N glycosidic units of porcine thyroglobulin, of bovine lactotransferrin, and of the glycoprotein from Chinese hamster ovary cell membranes. PMID- 7263623 TI - Identification of a 2-aminotetrose in a lipid-soluble fraction of rat liver. AB - Chromatography on DEAE-cellulose of chloroform:methanol:water (10:10:3) extracts obtained from the livers of rats pulsed 50 min with [32P]Pi and D-[1-3H]-mannose yielded two radioactive components which eluted at salt concentrations greater than 0.1 M. One of the components yielded, upon mild acid treatment (20 mM HCl, 100 degrees C, 20 min), a low molecular weight water-soluble component (PO), which contained most of the 32P label associated with the parental lipid oligosaccharide. PO was periodate-negative, ninhydrin-negative, and permanganate positive. The phosphate group was stable to strong acid, which converted PO to a single, 32P-labeled product, but the phosphate was readily released by incubation under mild alkaline conditions. Strong alkali produced a product reactive with periodate, ninhydrin, and fluorescamine. When dephosphorylated PO was hydrolyzed with acid and the products were converted to the alditol acetate derivatives, gas chromatography revealed a single major component. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy of this compound showed it to be the derivative of a 2-acetamido-2 deoxytetrose. That 2-acetamido-2-deoxytetrose is glycosidically bound in PO is indicated by the fact that PO must be hydrolyzed by strong acid before reduction with NaBD4 is able to incorporate deuterium into the tetrose. PMID- 7263624 TI - Subunit function in cardiac myosin. Effects of binding phosphorylated and unphosphorylated myosin light chain 2 to light chain 2-deficient myosin. AB - The 20,000-dalton light chain of cardiac muscle myosin can be specifically digested and thereby removed from the rest of the myosin molecule by incubation with a myofibrillar protease (Malhotra, A., Huang, S., and Bhan, A. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 461-467). In order to study the effects of phosphorylation of the 20,000-dalton myosin light chain, experiments were carried out with cardiac muscle myosin that was made deficient in this light chain following proteolysis. Both the phosphorylated and unphosphorylated isolated 20,000-dalton myosin light chain of cardiac muscle myosin were found to bind to light chain-deficient myosin. Prior to readdition of the isolated light chains, this light chain deficient myosin was found to have a higher MgATPase activity in the presence and absence of actin, than native myosin. Binding of the unphosphorylated myosin light chain restored the MgATPase activity of light chain-deficient myosin to that of native cardiac myosin. In contrast, the binding of 2 mol of the previously phosphorylated myosin light chain did not lower the actin-activated MgATPase activity. The results suggest that while phosphorylation of the 20,000 dalton light chain of cardiac muscle myosin is not essential for the actin activated MgATPase activity, it may have a modulatory role. PMID- 7263625 TI - Glycophosphoceramides from plants. Purification and characterization of a novel tetrasaccharide derived from tobacco leaf glycolipids. AB - A glycophosphoceramide concentrate prepared from tobacco leaves was shown to contain a mixture of related lipids (Kaul, K., and Lester, R. L. (1975) Plant Physiol. 55, 120-129; Kaul, K., and Lester, R. L. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 3569 3575) with the simplest and most abundant components having the structure GlcN(+/ Ac)(alpha 1 leads to 4)GlcUA(alpha 1 leads to 2)myoinositol-1-O phosphorylceramide (Hsieh, T. C.-Y., Kaul, K., Laine, R. A., and Lester, R. L. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 3575-3579). To determine the structure of the more complex members of this series, a mixture of oligosaccharides was prepared from a carboxyl-reduced glycophosphoceramide concentrate by alkali-catalyzed hydrolysis and alkaline phosphatase treatment. A combination of reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (Wells, G. B., and Lester, R. L. (1979) Anal. Biochem. 97, 184-190), normal-phase high pressure liquid chromatography, and thin layer chromatography were used to resolve several oligosaccharides as acetylated derivatives. Products of methylation analysis, CrO3 oxidation, and deacetylation deamination were identified using chemical ionization mass spectrometry to give the following novel structures. A major tetrasaccharide was completely characterized as Gal(alpha 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(alpha 1 leads to 4)GlcUA(alpha 1 leads to 2)myoinositol. An additional structure of a minor tetrasaccharide was partially characterized as GlcNAc(alpha 1 leads to 4)GlcUA(alpha 1 leads to ?)myoinositol(O leads from 1 alpha)Man. These are representatives of a class of acidic glycolipids from plants, possibly analogous to the acidic gangliosides found in animal cell membranes. PMID- 7263626 TI - The relation of pH and oxidation-reduction potential to the association state of the ferredoxin . ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase complex. AB - The interaction between spinach ferredoxin and ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase was studied by varying pH and oxidation-reduction state. The Kd of the oxidized ferredoxin . ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase complex increases with increasing pH in the range from pH 6 to pH 8; the Kd is pH-independent above pH 9. These data are interpreted as showing 1 proton binding/complex at neutral pH. The extent of association of the complex was also varied by manipulation of salt concentration, was also varied by manipulation of salt concentration, and of concentration of the individual proteins. Increased association accompanied a negative shift in potential of ferredoxin relative to that of ferredoxin: NADP+ reductase. Oxidation-reduction titrations showed that the oxidation-reduction potential of ferredoxin is reduced to above -510 mV when in complex with ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase, a change of about -90 mV; the potential of ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase is changed little (no more than +20 mV). Conversely, these data also showed that the oxidation-reduction state of ferredoxin strongly affected its association with the flavoprotein, increasing the Kd at least 30-fold on reduction of ferredoxin. PMID- 7263627 TI - Cationic and uncharged substrates and reversible inhibitors in hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). The trimethyl subsite. AB - Structurally related cationic and uncharged compounds have been studied as inhibitors of hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase of acetylcholine and its uncharged carbon analog, 3,3-dimethylbutyl acetate. Similar effects of the inhibitors on hydrolysis of the two substrates indicate that the quaternary ammonium group of acetylcholine and the neopentyl group of 3,3-dimethylbutyl acetate bind at the same subsite. Comparison of (CH3)3+NCH2CH2CH2COCH3 (Compound I), Ki = 0.02 mM, and its tertiary homologue, (CH3)2-+NHCH2CH2CH2COCH3 (Compound V), Ki = 0.75 mM, with a secondary isomer of Compound I, 3-oxo-(N-tert-butyl) butanaminium, (CH3)3C+NH2CH2CH2COCH3 (Compound II), Ki = 0.15 mM, and its lower homologue, (CH3)2CH+NH2CH2CH2COCH3 (Compound IX), Ki = 2 mM, attests to the importance of the branched trimethyl structure and the smaller effect of hydrophobicity of the quaternary ammonium structure. This is supported by competitive inhibition by tert-butyl ammonium, (CH3)3C+NH3 (Compound IV), Ki = 0.45 mM, compared with mixed inhibition by its quarternary isomer, (CH3)4+N (Compound VII), Ki = 1.5 mM, and choline (Compound VI), Ki = 1.0 mM. Uncharged analogues of Compound II, 4-tert-butylthio-2-butanone, (CH3)3CSCH2CH2COCH3 (Compound III), Ki = 0.4 mM, and 4-tert-butoxy-2-butanone, (CH3)3COCH2CH2COCH3 (Compound VIII), Ki = 1.6 mM, and of Compound VI, 3,3-dimethylbutanol (Compound XI), Ki = 7.5 mM, indicate that positive charge contributes factors of 3 to 10 to binding. This may be attributed to peripheral negative charges, present at pH 7-8 in the enzyme of isoelectric point approximately 5, indicating that the binding subsite may be explored more specifically by tert-butyl than by charged reagents. PMID- 7263628 TI - Enzymatic modification of tryptophan residues by tryptophan side chain oxidase I and II from Pseudomonas. AB - The enzymatic modification of tryptophan residues in Trp-Leu, Leu-Trp, Leu-Trp Leu, and yeast mating hormone (alpha-factor), a tridecapeptide containing Trp-1 and Trp-3, has been investigated with tryptophan side chain oxidase I crystallized previously from Pseudomonas and tryptophan side chain oxidase II recently isolated from the same organism. With Trp-Leu as substrate, threo- and erythro-beta-hydroxytryptophan residues were identified as primary products and the former perferentially underwent second step dehydrogenation to give beta ketotryptophan. Free threo- and erythro-beta-hydroxytryptophan, hitherto undescribed tryptophan derivatives, were isolated after enzymatic hydrolysis, identified, and characterized. Leu-alpha, beta-dehydrotryptamine, a new biochemical entity, was a sole main product of Leu-Trp. With Leu-Trp-Leu, diastereoisomeric Leu-beta-hydroxyl-Trp-Leu and Leu-alpha, beta-dehydro-Trp-Leu were formed simultaneously, the pH and ionic strength being determinants of the ratio of these products. Leu-threo-beta-hydroxy-Trp-Leu was also converted to Leu beta-keto-Trp-Leu, but, distinct from NH2-terminal beta-hydroxytryptophan, both diastereoisomers underwent acid-catalyzed dehydration to give Leu-alpha, beta dehydro-Trp-Leu. Thus, the mode of modification was shown to be prescribed by the site of tryptophan in peptides and the results were the same with either tryptophan side chain oxidase I or II, except that the latter was almost inactive on Trp-Leu. With any substrate, 3-indolecarboxaldehyde was a sole detectable by product. PMID- 7263629 TI - Rabbit red blood cell hexokinase. Evidence for two distinct forms, and their purification and characterization from reticulocytes. AB - Rabbit hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) has been shown to exist in the soluble fraction of reticulocytes as two distinct molecular forms, designated hexokinase Ia and hexokinase Ib, which are separable by ion exchange chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Hexokinase Ia was found to be similar to the brain enzyme, while hexokinase Ib differs from every other previously reported hexokinase isozyme. Reticulocyte hexokinase Ia and Ib have been purified 55,000 and 50,000-fold, respectively, by a combination of ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as proteins homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. The native proteins have the same molecular weight of 105,000 by gel filtration and sedimentation velocity on sucrose density gradients. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels have a molecular weight of 104,000, indicating that the two forms are monomers. Hexokinase Ia had a pI of 6.2 to 6.3 pH units while hexokinase Ib had a pI of 5.7 to 5.8 pH units by isoelectric focusing. The two enzymes were specific for Mg.ATP and Mg.ITP as the nucleotide substrates. Several hexoses could be phosphorylated by hexokinase Ia and Ib with different affinities. PMID- 7263630 TI - Identification of core protein, an intermediate in proteoglycan biosynthesis in cultured chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. AB - After incubating cultured chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma for 30 min with [3H]serine, a labeled macromolecule was found predominantly as Mr = approximately 370,000 species which was subsequently identified as a core protein precursor to cartilage proteoglycan from the following properties: (a) it was immunoprecipitated along with completed proteoglycan from cell extracts by an antiserum to the complex of hyaluronic acid-binding region, link protein, and hyaluronic acid. Its immunoprecipitation could be inhibited completely by the addition of purified hyaluronic acid-binding region to the extracts, indicating the presence of common antigenic determinants with this region of the proteoglycan core protein. (b) the core protein precursor was able to interact with the hyaluronic acid and link protein in proteoglycan aggregates added as carrier to extracts to form mixed aggregates of high buoyant density in associative CsCl density gradients. Labeled core protein precursor and link protein were subsequently isolated from the mixed aggregates from the top of dissociative CsCl density gradients. (c) radioactivity in core protein precursor after a 30-min pulse of [3H]serine disappeared after inhibiting further protein synthesis with cycloheximide concurrent with the appearance of label in completed proteoglycan molecules. PMID- 7263631 TI - Effect of energy inhibitors on cell surface diphtheria toxin receptor numbers. AB - The effects of various metabolic inhibitors on cell-surface receptors for diphtheria toxin were studied. Incubation of Vero cells at 37 degrees C with fluoride, azide, salicylate, and, to a lesser degree, with deoxyglucose resulted in an apparent loss of receptors for the toxin. With some drugs the loss was rapid (half-time approximately 8-9 min) while with others considerably longer time periods were required (half-time greater than or equal to 40 min). The loss of toxin receptors could also be induced by the drugs at 4 degrees C. Washing out the drugs and incubating the cells at 37 degrees C led to a complete restoration of receptors to control numbers. Restoration did not occur if cells were incubated at 4 degrees C. The regain of binding capacity was not dependent on RNA or protein synthesis. It is suggested that metabolic inhibitors may block a continuous process required to maintain toxin receptors in a functional state at the cell surface. PMID- 7263632 TI - Steroid hormone regulation of ovalbumin and conalbumin gene transcription. A model based upon multiple regulatory sites and intermediary proteins. AB - Changes in rates of ovalbumin and conalbumin gene transcription and mRNA levels were monitored during an entire cycle of estrogen withdrawal and restimulation. Correlations of transcription rates with nuclear estrogen receptor levels in this experiment and in dose-response experiments reveal that conalbumin gene transcription is directly proportional to nuclear receptor levels, whereas ovalbumin gene transcription is related to receptor levels in a way that suggests cooperative interactions among receptors. Conalbumin mRNA accumulation and transcription are transiently inhibited by administration of progesterone to estrogen-stimulated chicks, whereas ovalbumin gene transcription is stimulated by this regimen. This puzzling observation can be rationalized if a single receptor binding site is involved in conalbumin gene regulation and multiple sites are involved in ovalbumin gene regulation. These ideas are combined with our recent observations that protein synthesis inhibitors and butyrate selectively, but reversibly, inhibit ovalbumin and conalbumin gene transcription. We describe a new hypothesis of how steroid hormones regulate egg white gene transcription in the chick oviduct. PMID- 7263633 TI - Association-dependent absorption spectra of oxyhemoglobin A and its subunits. AB - A number of factors which lower the oxygen affinity of hemoglobins are also known to produce shifts of the absorption band maxima of the oxyheme. We have studied the variation of the absorption spectra of oxygenated alpha SH and beta SH subunits of human Hb A as a function of their state of association (i.e. alpha, alpha 2, beta, beta 4, alpha beta, or alpha 2 beta 2), and have attempted to correlate the spectral changes with changes to O2 affinity. These studies were carried out under solution conditions (0.1 M Tris, 0.1 M NaCl, 1 mM Na2EDTA, pH 7.4, 10 degrees C) where detailed thermodynamic data for subunit association and oxygen binding are available (Ackers, G. K. (1980) Biophys. J. 32, 331-346). Concentration-difference spectra reveal that the visible and Soret absorption band maxima of beta O2 are slightly red shifted relative to beta 4O8. A unique feature of this spectral change is that the red shift is accompanied by an increase in the ratio of the peak absorbances of the visible alpha and beta spectral bands. By measuring the spectral change as a function of concentration, an association constant of 6.4 +/- 1.9 X 10(15) M-3 was determined for the 4(beta O2) in equilibrium beta 4O8 equilibrium. In contrast, no spectral differences were found between alpha O2 and alpha 2O4 or between oxy alpha beta dimers and oxyHb. Mixing experiments show that the spectrum of oxyHb differs from the average of either alpha O2 + beta O2 or alpha O2 + beta 4O8, but is closer to the former. A comparison between these spectral data and the reported O2 affinities of these species shows that affinity and oxyheme spectra are not correlated. PMID- 7263634 TI - Characterization of novel amino acid fucosides. AB - The structures of FL4b and of two other related amino acid fucosides have been determined by a combination of methylation analysis and enzymatic digestion. Additionally, the anomeric configurations of the carbohydrate moieties of FL4a, previously shown to be glucosyl(1 leads to 3)fucosyl 1 leads to threonine (Steiner, S., Via, D. P., Klinger, M., Larriba, G., Sramek, S., and Laine, R. (1978) in Glycoproteins and Glycolipids in Disease Processes (Walborg, E. F., Jr., ed) pp. 378-403, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.) have been determined by enzymatic digestion. The results indicate that the structures are: FL3a, fucosyl alpha 1 leads to threonine; FL3b, fucosyl alpha 1 leads to serine; FL4a, glucosyl beta 1 leads to 3 fucosyl alpha 1 leads to threonine; and FL4b, glucosyl beta 1 leads to 3 fucosyl alpha 1 leads to serine. FL4a, which appears to have the same structure as a component from human urine (Hallgren, P., Lundblad, A., and Svensson, S. (1975) J. Bil. Chem. 250, 5312-5314), and FL4b are highly unusual in that they contain fucose in a nonterminal position. The fucosyl serine linkage found in compounds FL3b and FL4b is a novel structure. PMID- 7263635 TI - In vivo regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor number and function in embryonic chick heart. AB - We have used the chick embryonic heart to study the regulation of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in vivo. Sustained activation of the muscarinic receptor in vivo with the cholinergic agonist carbachol decreases muscarinic receptor number as much as 87% as measured by the specific binding of the potent muscarinic receptor in antagonist [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. The decrease in receptor number is both dose and time dependent. After carbachol-induced down regulation, the receptor number recovers to control levels when further receptor activation is blocked by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine. When receptor number is decreased 50% in vivo, isolated atria require a 12-fold greater concentration of carbachol than controls to arrest spontaneous beating in an organ bath. Analysis of the binding of carbachol to the muscarinic receptor indicates that this shift in the dose response of atria is accompanied by a change in the relative fraction of the high and low affinity forms of the muscarinic receptor with no change in their respective affinities for carbachol. In addition, this analysis suggests that the low agonist affinity form of the cardiac muscarinic receptor is the physiologically active form. PMID- 7263637 TI - Inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase, receptor binding, and nuclear uptake of androgens in the prostate by a 4-methyl-4-aza-steroid. AB - 17 beta-N,N-Diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (DMAA) is a potent reversible inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase. The inhibition by DMAA of the conversion of testosterone to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone by rat prostate 5 alpha reductase is competitive with testosterone, the apparent Ki being 5 nM, and uncompetitive with NADPH, DMAA inhibited both membrane-bound and solubilized 5 alpha-reductase. DMAA has moderate affinity for the prostate cytosol androgen receptor: 3 X 10(-6) M gives 50% inhibition of the binding of 10(-9) M 5 alpha [3H]dihydrotestosterone to this receptor. This affinity to the androgen receptor is 1,000-, 500-, 120-, and 40-fold lower than that of 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, spironolactone, and cyproterone acetate, respectively, and 7-fold higher than that of cimetidine. After incubation of [3H]testosterone with minced prostate, more than 90% of the radioactivity extracted from the nuclei co-chromatographed with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and the rest with testosterone. DMAA at low concentrations decreased the ratio of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone to testosterone in the nuclei without significantly reducing the total uptake. DMAA at high concentrations also reduced the total radioactivity in the nuclei. This differential effect may reflect a higher affinity of DMAA for 5 alpha-reductase than for the androgen receptor. When 5 alpha-[3H]dihydrotestosterone was used in the tissue incubations, all radioactivity extracted from nuclei co-chromatographed with 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone, regardless of whether or not DMAA was present. This nuclear uptake of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone is inhibited only by high concentrations of DMAA. In a cell-free system, the nuclear uptake of 5 alpha [3H]dihydrotestosterone prebound to the cytosol receptor was not inhibited by DMAA. These results suggest that DMAA may inhibit nuclear uptake of 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone by inhibiting the receptor binding. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of the radioactive KCl nuclear extracts prepared from the tissue incubations showed that the nuclear [3H]testosterone-receptor complex has a greater rate of dissociation than does the nuclear 5 alpha [3H]dihydrotestosterone-receptor complex. [3H]Testosterone prebound to the prostate cytosol receptor also dissociates faster than 5 alpha [3H]dihydrotestosterone prebound to the cytosol receptor. PMID- 7263636 TI - A gas-liquid solid phase peptide and protein sequenator. AB - A new miniaturized protein and peptide sequenator has been constructed which uses gas phase reagents at the coupling and cleavage steps of the Edman degradation. The sample is embedded in a matrix of Polybrene dried onto a porous glass fiber disc located in a small cartridge-style reaction cell. The protein or peptide, though not covalently attached to the support, is essentially immobile throughout the degradative cycle, since only relatively apolar, liquid phase solvents pass through the cell. This instrument can give useful sequence data on as little as 5 pmol or protein, can perform extended sequence runs (greater than 30 residues) on subnanomole quantities of proteins purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and can sequence hydrophobic peptides to completion. The sequenator is characterized by a high repetitive yield during the degradation, low reagent consumption, low maintenance requirements, and a degradative cycle time of only 50 min using a complete double cleavage program. PMID- 7263638 TI - Biosynthesis and turnover of trimethylamine oxide in the teleost cod, Gadus morhua. AB - Liver and kidney of the teleost cod, Gadus morhua, contained oxygen- and NADPH dependent monooxygenase which mediated the oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA) to trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). The microsomal monooxygenase of liver was partially characterized. The rate of enzymic TMA oxidation had its maximum at pH 8.2 and at 24 degrees C. The enzyme displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics; the apparent Km value for TMA being 11 microM. All N,N-dimethyl-n-alkylamines with up to 8 carbons in the side chain were oxidized at almost the same rate. The oxidation of TMA was stimulated by octylamine and tyramine, and its ws inhibited by the --SH reagents N-ethylmaleimide and p-chloromercurybenzoate. Lack of inhibition by carbon monoxide and stimulation by FAD indicated that the enzyme was a cytochrome P-450-independent flavoprotein. [14C]TMA injected intraperitoneally into cod was oxidized to [14C]TMAO. After its compartmentation the [14C]TMAO produced was excreted at a rate of approximately 0.5%/day in cod fed a TMAO-rich diet. It was inferred that high stability of body TMAO and a surplus amount of TMAO in their natural diet can explain the lack of endogenous TMAO synthesis encountered in many TMAO-containing marine fish. PMID- 7263639 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of proteoglycans dissociatively extracted from human aorta. AB - Aortic proteoglycans (PG) were isolated from human aorta intima-media preparations with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride in the presence of protease inhibitors. The extracted PG mixture comprised 67% of the total aortic PG and was composed of 65% chondroitin sulfate, 22% dermatan sulfate, 8% heparan sulfate, and 4% hyaluronate. Attempts at isolation and purification of PG monomers using isopycnic CsCl gradient centrifugation under associative and dissociative conditions resulted in appreciable loss of PG through associations with co extracted aortic proteins. The addition of a gel chromatographic step on Sepharose CL-4B under dissociative conditions resulted in separation of PG from the majority of co-extracted proteins. In addition, the procedure resulted in a separation of the PG into a population (PG-I) eluting near the column V0 and one (PG-II) included with a Kav of 0.38. Hyaluronic acid co-eluted with PG-I. The major glycosaminoglycan in PG-I was chondroitin sulfate, (85 to 95%). No dermatan sulfate was detected in PG-I, but this glycosaminoglycan was the predominant glycosaminoglycan in PG-II (50 to 70%). Heparan sulfate was present in small amounts in both PG-I and PG-II. Data presented support the proposal of at least three species of PG monomers in the aortic wall. Chromatographic studies under dissociative and associative conditions indicated that PG comprising PG-I but not PG-II were capable of associations with hyaluronic acid. PMID- 7263640 TI - Oligosaccharide specific endocytosis by isolated rat hepatic reticuloendothelial cells. AB - We have examined the specificity and kinetics of endocytosis of iodinated glycopeptides and glycoproteins by isolated rat reticuloendothelial cell preparations. All of the probes which were recognized by this system contain within their oligosaccharide moiety the following common structural unit which we hypothesize to be the minimum required structure for binding and endocytosis: GlcNAc beta 1,6 or Man alpha 1,6 Man alpha 1,6[Man alpha 1,3]Man beta 1,4GlcNAc beta 1,4GlcNAc beta Asn. Desialyzed tetra-antennary complex oligosaccharides contain this minimum structure but are not endocytosed until after removal of the beta 1,4-linked terminal Gal residues by Diplococcal beta-galactosidase. Further degradation by Diplococcal beta-hexosaminidase removes only the beta 1,2-linked GlcNAc residues resulting in a product which still contains the minimum structure and can be taken up by this system. Desialyzed triantenary and biantenary complex oligosaccharides are not endocytosed following treatment with Diplococcal beta galactosidase and beta-hexosaminidase. High mannose type oligosaccharides which contain the minimum structure are endocytosed, whereas hybrid structures are not, indicating that the presence of a beta 1,4-linked GlcNAc on the beta-linked core mannose inhibits endocytosis. The Michaelis-Menten kinetic constants are similar for glycopeptides and glycoproteins, ranging from 1.1-6.4 X 10(-7) M for all ligands recognized by this system. In the range of 50-150 X 10(3) ligand binding sites per cell are estimated to be on the cell surface with a capacity to internalize from 13-80 X 10(3) molecules per min per cell at 37 degrees C. All of the structural information required for binding and internalization resides in the oligosaccharide moiety itself. PMID- 7263641 TI - Sodium gradient-dependent phosphate transport in renal brush border membrane vesicles. Effect of an intravesicular greater than extravesicular proton gradient. AB - A H+ gradient (intravesicular greater than extravesicular), in the absence of a Na+ gradient (extravesicular greater than intravesicular) stimulated phosphate uptake by renal brush border membrane vesicles and provided the driving force to effect the transient accumulation of phosphate against its concentration gradient. The H+ gradient-dependent uptake of phosphate had an absolute requirement for Na+. The rates of uptake and peak accumulation were functions of the delta pH and the concentration of H+ in the intravesicular medium. The H+ gradient-energized Na+-phosphate cotransport system was not affected by valinomycin- or carbonyl cyanide p-fluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone-induced ion diffusion potentials. Therefore, it was independent of the membrane potential, i.e. an electroneutral process. Amiloride, which inhibited the H+-Na+ exchange reaction and prevented the efflux of H+ from the intravesicular medium, enhanced the uptake of phosphate. A model is proposed by which the H+ gradient mediates the uphill transport of phosphate. It is suggested that a similar process may operate in more physiologically intact preparations and may provide one mechanism by which acid-base balance regulates renal phosphate transport. PMID- 7263642 TI - Inhibitors of sterol synthesis. Differential effects of 14 alpha-hydroxymethyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-ene-3 beta, 15 alpha-diol and 14 alpha-hydroxymethyl-5 alpha cholest-6-ene-3 beta, 15 alpha-diol on sterol synthesis in cell-free homogenates of rat liver. AB - 14 alpha-Hydroxymethyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-ene-3 beta, 15 alpha-diol and 14 alpha hydroxymethyl-5 alpha-cholest-6-ene-3 beta, 15 alpha-diol have been shown to be potent inhibitors of the synthesis of digitonin-precipitable sterols in mouse L cells and in primary cultures of fetal mouse liver cells and to cause a reduction in the levels of activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in the same cells (Schroepfer, G. J., Jr., Parish, E. J., Pascal, R. A., Jr., and Kandutsch, A. A. (1980) J. Lipid Res. 21, 571-584). In the present study, we have found that both sterols have a second, but distinct, site of action, distal to the formation of mevalonic acid. 14 alpha-Hydroxymethyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-ene-3 beta, 15 alpha diol has been found to be a potent inhibitor of the synthesis of digitonin precipitable sterols from labeled mevalonate in cell-free preparations of rat liver. This inhibition was accompanied by a striking accumulation of labeled lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol. The latter sterols were fully characterized by the results of chromatographic and co-crystallization experiments. In contrast, 14 alpha-hydroxymethyl-5 alpha-cholest-6-ene-3 beta, 15 alpha-diol had only a slight effect on the synthesis of digitonin-precipitable sterols from labeled mevalonate in cell-free rat liver preparations. The delta 6 3 beta, 15 alpha, 32-triol had no apparent effect on the metabolism of lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol but caused a substantial accumulation of labeled 5 alpha-cholest-8-en-3 beta-ol which was fully characterized by the results of chromatographic and co-crystallization experiments. These findings are compatible with a specific inhibition of the metabolism of lanosterol and 24,25 dihydrolanosterol by the delta 7-3 beta, 15 alpha, 32-triol and a specific inhibition of the delta 8 leads to delta 7 isomerase by the delta 6-3 beta, 15 alpha, 32-triol. [2,4]3H]14 alpha-Hydroxymethyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-ene-3 beta, 15 alpha-diol, prepared by chemical synthesis, was not convertible to cholesterol upon incubation, under aerobic conditions, with a cell-free homogenate preparation of rat liver. The labeled delta 7-3 beta, 15 alpha, 32-triol was, however, metabolized to several polar compounds. PMID- 7263643 TI - Tissue specificity and cellular distribution of Novikoff hepatoma antigenic proteins p39, p49, and p56. AB - Three Novikoff hepatoma protein antigens (approximately Mr = 39,000, 49,000, and 56,000) were partially purified from Novikoff hepatoma chromatin. Rabbit antiserum to these three proteins was used to examine various rat tissues for the presence of these antigens. Immunological specificity of the antiserum was assessed using quantitative microcomplement fixation assay or by visualization of the immunoreactive complexes with peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedure after transferring the electrophoretically separated proteins to nitrocellulose sheets. The immunoreactivity was localized with the three proteins p39, p49, and p56 in Novikoff hepatoma. The p56 protein was found to be present in normal rat liver, 24-h regenerating rat liver, fetal rat liver, or kidney, albeit in much smaller amounts as found in Novikoff hepatoma. the p49 and p39 antigens were specific for Novikoff hepatoma. Immunoabsorption experiments confirmed the specificity of this antiserum. Assessment of various subcellular fractions of Novikoff hepatoma revealed that the p39, p49, and p56 protein antigens are present in the cytoplasmic fractions as well as in isolated chromatin. PMID- 7263645 TI - The role of surface in the biological activities of trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate. Surface properties and development of a model system. PMID- 7263646 TI - Inhibition of the mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and diethylpyrocarbonate. AB - The mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase enzyme (EC 1.6.1.1) is inhibited by treatment with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or diethylpyrocarbonate. Both inhibitions are pseudo first order with respect to incubation time, and both reaction orders with respect to inhibitor concentration are close to unit, indicating that in each case inhibition results from the binding of one inhibitor molecule per active unit of the transhydrogenase enzyme. In the presence of either inhibitor, both the energy-linked and the nonenergy-linked transhydrogenation reactions are inhibited at about the same rate. The water soluble carbodiimide, N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, showed no inhibition, however, NAD(H) and reduced or oxidized 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide protected the enzyme against inhibition by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, while NADP (but not NADPH) appeared to increase the rate of inhibition. Substrates did not protect the enzyme against inhibition by diethylpyrocarbonate. [14C]dicyclohexylcarbodiimide labeled the transhydrogenase enzyme in submitochondrial particles. Treatment of labeled particles with trypsin resulted in fragmentation of the transhydrogenase enzyme and loss of a labeled polypeptide of Mr = approximately 100,000 as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7263644 TI - Identification and immunoprecipitation of cytoskeletal proteins from murine extra embryonic endodermal cells. AB - Murine extra-embryonic endodermal cells derived from either teratocarcinomas or cultured mouse blastocysts contain two protein species of Mr = 55,000 and Mr = 50,000 endodermal cytoskeletal proteins A and B, respectively) that are insoluble in nonionic detergent and 1 M NaCl and are not found in abundance in embryonal carcinoma cells, the stem cells of teratocarcinomas. Antiserum raised against the electrophoretically purified endo B protein immunoprecipitated endo B from [35S]methionine-labeled cell lysates of three parietal endodermal cell lines, a presumptive visceral endodermal cell line, and a mouse hepatoma line. Immunoprecipitable endo B was not found in murine embryonal carcinoma cells, fibroblasts, myoblasts, keratinocytes, erythroleukemic or neuroblastoma cells. These results are consistent with the view that endo B is not tubulin, vimentin, desmin, or keratin. Amino acid composition data, partial peptide analysis of immunoprecipitated endo B, and immunoprecipitation analysis with antikeratin serum support the suggestion that endo B is not a keratin. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of parietal endodermal cells with the endo B antiserum resulted in the fluorescence of a fibrillar cytoskeletal network. The synthesis of endo B was increased dramatically when embryonal carcinoma cells were induced to differentiate by treatment with retinoic acid. Endo B appears to be a cytoskeletal protein that is synthesized when malignant embryonal carcinoma cells differentiate to benign extra-embryonic endoderm. PMID- 7263647 TI - Interaction of serum lipoproteins and a proteoglycan from bovine aorta. AB - The interactions of a chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate proteoglycan with serum very low (VLDL), low (LDL), and high density (HDL3) lipoproteins were studied with special reference to the nature of the interaction of LDL and the proteoglycan. The proteoglycan formed insoluble complexes with VLDL and LDL, but no complex was formed with HDL3. The proteoglycan (40 micrograms/ml) converted 98% of added LDL (150 micrograms of cholesterol/ml) into insoluble complex at a Ca2+ concentration of 30 mM. Physiologic concentrations of albumin inhibited insoluble complex formation with VLDL and LDL by 61.5 and 40.7%, respectively. The proteoglycan formed soluble complexes with LDL even in the absence of Ca2+. Optimum soluble complex formation occurred when the medium contained 66.6 micrograms of proteoglycan and 166.6 micrograms of LDL cholesterol/ml. Specific modifications of the lysine and/or arginine residues of LDL prevented complex formation with the proteoglycan, thus indicating the requirement of the positive charges of the protein moiety of LDL in the interaction. Removal of the protein core or the glycosaminoglycan chains of the proteoglycan prevented interaction with LDL. Desulfation of the proteoglycan molecule also inhibited complex formation with LDL. Thus, the native state of the arterial proteoglycan molecule confers optimum charge density for specific interaction with serum apoprotein B containing lipoproteins. PMID- 7263648 TI - The reassociation with chromatin of H1 fragments bisected with thrombin. AB - When fragments of H1 histone formed by bisection of H1 histone with thrombin were allowed to reassociate with H1 histone-depleted chromatin, the carboxyl-terminal segment reassociated in such a manner as to protect the micrococcal nuclease sensitive site(s) of the nucleosome core. On the other hand, the NH2-terminal segment of H1 histone protected 20 base pairs of linker DNA adjacent to the nucleosome core particle. These data provide strong evidence that the NH2 terminal portion and the carboxyl-terminal portion of H1 histone interact with 20 base pairs of linker DNA and the core DNA of the nucleosome, respectively. PMID- 7263649 TI - Light-stimulated increase of translatable mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in leaves of maize. AB - Polyadenylated RNA has been isolated from maize leaves at various times during greening of etiolated seedlings and used to prime the wheat germ cell-free translation system. Levels of translatable messenger RNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase increase with the length of the illumination period. The pattern of the increase in translatable mRNA for the enzyme is similar to that of the increase in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase protein previously observed in intact tissues. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase synthesized in vivo migrates as a doublet band on gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. A similar doublet has been seen occasionally with the products of cell-free translation. PMID- 7263650 TI - Degradation of unsaturated fatty acids in peroxisomes. Existence of a 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase pathway. AB - 1. There are two 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductases (EC 1.3.1.-) (formerly called 4-enoyl CoA reductase, Eur. J. Biochem. (1978) 91, 533-544) in rat liver, one in mitochondria and another one in peroxisomes. 2. Treatment of rats with clofibrate increases the activities of the 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductases in both cell organelles. 3. Isolated peroxisomes metabolize 4-cis-decenoyl-CoA, a metabolite of linoleic acid, via the 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase pathway. 4. From these results it is concluded that peroxisomes have the enzymatic apparatus necessary for the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 7263651 TI - Uptake and processing of the precursor for rat liver ornithine transcarbamylase by isolated mitochondria. Inhibition by uncouplers. AB - The precursor for rat liver ornithine transcarbamylase (EC 2.1.3.3) synthesized in vitro was converted to an apparently mature form of the enzyme by isolated rat liver mitochondria. The processed product was recovered in the sedimented mitochondria and was not extracted from the mitochondria with 1 M KCl. The processed product could be extracted with digitonin. The concentration of digitonin required was higher than that for the intermembrane space enzyme, adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3), but lower than that for endogenous ornithine transcarbamylase, which is localized in the matrix space. The processed product sedimented on a sucrose gradient with an S20, omega value of 6.7 S, which is close to that of the mature enzyme (6.0 S), and assembly to the active trimer appeared to occur. The processing of the precursor by the isolated mitochondria was strongly inhibited by both 0.1 mM dinitrophenol and 1 microM carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. However, neither KCN nor NaN3 markedly inhibited the processing. Rat kidney mitochondria, which lack ornithine transcarbamylase, could also import and process the precursor to the mature form of the enzyme. The results indicate that the precursor for ornithine transcarbamylase is transported deeply into the isolated mitochondria, although not completely to the matrix space, in association with the proteolytic processing to the mature enzyme. The transport-processing system was found to be sensitive to uncouplers and to be common to several mitochondrial matrix proteins. PMID- 7263652 TI - A polyamine-dependent protein kinase from bovine epididymal spermatozoa. AB - This study provides evidence for the occurrence of a biochemical function for the polyamines, spermidine and spermine, in bovine epididymal spermatozoa. Methods are described for the detection and isolation of a protein kinase from spermatozoa which catalyzed transfer of phosphate from [gamma-32P]ATP to a unique endogenous protein of Mr = 70,000 in a reaction that was polyamine-dependent. Enzymatic phosphorylation of the 70,000-dalton protein by the purified protein kinase was sharply activated, at times more than 80-fold, by the polyamines, spermidine and spermine. Spermidine and spermine, together in equimolar combination, synergistically activated the protein kinase when compared with all other possible combinations of putrescine, spermidine, or spermine. The polyamine dependent protein kinase was resolved by phosphocellulose chromatography into a catalytic component of Mr = 19,000 and a complex comprised of the catalytic component associated with the natural phosphate-acceptor protein of Mr = 70,000. This protein kinase was not activated by cyclic nucleotides or calcium ion. PMID- 7263653 TI - Restoration of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding activity to the alpha subunit of Torpedo acetylcholine receptor isolated by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. AB - The four subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica have been isolated by preparative gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. After removal of the sodium dodecyl sulfate by dialysis of the polypeptides against a cholate-containing buffer, the alpha subunit, but not the other chains, binds 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin in a saturable manner. The binding affinity, 0.1-0.2 microM, is approximately 10(4)-fold lower than that observed for native acetylcholine receptor. For three preparations of alpha subunit, 1 mol of subunit bound 0.87, 0.38, and 0.33 mol of 125I-alpha bungarotoxin at saturation. The binding was inhibited by cholinergic ligands, although the apparent affinities of these ligands for alpha were 50-100-fold lower than that found for the native receptor. These results indicate that at least part of the alpha-bungarotoxin binding site resides on the alpha subunit. PMID- 7263654 TI - Reconstitution of delipidated bacteriorhodopsin with endogenous polar lipids. AB - Delipidated bacteriorhodopsin has been reconstituted with endogenous polar lipids from Halobacterium halobium. The vesicle (diameter, 250-500 A) formed are very stable, relatively homogeneous in bacteriorhodopsin and lipid content, and almost optically clear; a minor turbid fraction can be separated by gel filtration. Bacteriorhodopsin in the reconstituted vesicles has an inside out orientation and, on illumination, translocates protons efficiently from the medium to the interior of the vesicles in the presence of the ionophore valinomycin. In the absence of the latter, both the rate and the extent of light-dependent proton uptake by the vesicles are decreased 3-6- and 5-15-fold, respectively, depending on the salt in the assay medium. Both the stimulation by valinomycin and the proton-translocating activity are higher in NaCl than in KCl. Bacteriorhodopsin in these vesicles as in purple membrane, undergoes light adaptation as indicated by a red shift (7-8 nm) of the absorption maximum. At low pH, the absorption maximum of reconstituted protein shows a 50-nm red shift, possibly due to protonation of an ionizable group which interacts with the chromophore. The latter group appears to be accessible only from the external medium. PMID- 7263655 TI - Studies on the interaction of arylazido-beta-alanyl NAD+ with the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase. AB - Arylazido-beta-alanyl NAD+ (A3'-O-(3-[N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]propionyl) NAD+) is a potent competitive inhibitor with respect to NADH (apparent Ki, 1.7 2.7 microM) for the purified mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3). Upon photoirradiation of the dehydrogenase in the presence of arylazido-beta-[3-3H] alanyl NAD+, radioactivity was found to be associated with the Mr = 57,000 subunit without significant labeling of what are considered to be the enzyme's two smaller subunits. This labeling could be prevented by the presence of NADH during photoirradiation. In contrast to arylazido-beta-alanyl NAD+, arylazido beta-alanyl NADP+ (N3'-O-(3-[N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]-propionyl) NADP+) did not inhibit dehydrogenase activity nor did photoirradiation of the enzyme in the presence of the radiolabeled analogue (arylazido-beta-[3-3H]alanyl NADP+) result in radioactivity being incorporated into the enzyme. It is concluded that the Mr -- 57,000 subunit contains the pyridine nucleotide-binding site of the mitochondrial NADH electron transport system. PMID- 7263656 TI - The carbamate kinetics of alpha- and epsilon-amino groups of myoglobin. PMID- 7263657 TI - In vivo synthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides in the livers of normal and vitamin A-deficient rats. PMID- 7263658 TI - The effects of energetic steady state, pyruvate concentration, and octanoyl-(--) carnitine on the relative rates of carboxylation and decarboxylation of pyruvate by rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7263659 TI - Role of the enoyl reductase domain in the regulation of fatty acid synthase activity by interdomain interaction. PMID- 7263660 TI - Metabolism of thromboxane B2 in man. Identification of twenty urinary metabolites. PMID- 7263661 TI - Analysis of bicarbonate binding to crocodilian hemoglobin. AB - Crocodilian hemoglobin has a high intrinsic oxygen affinity but does not react with those organic phosphate esters that normally control the oxygen affinity of blood in higher vertebrates. Instead, its oxygen affinity is greatly lowered by CO2. The present study was undertaken to determine the nature of the CO2 binding to the hemoglobin of a crocodilian species, the Caiman, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The following parameters were measured: (a) carbamino compounds of deoxy- and oxyhemoglobin, (b) the effect of CO2 (at constant pH) on the oxygen affinity of Caiman hemoglobin, (c) total CO2 concentration of hemoglobin solutions at different pH and pCO2 values, and (d) the effect of CO2 on CD spectra of Caiman aquomethemoglobin. An analysis of the results of these measurements revealed that CO2 binding in the form of carbamate was not oxygen linked and cannot, therefore, mediate the CO2 effect on the oxygen affinity. It was found, however, that 2 mol of bicarbonate can be bound/hemoglobin tetramer and that the association constant of the bicarbonate anion greatly depends upon the state of ligation. At pH 7.02 and 25 degrees C, a numerical value of 2.0 X 10(3) M-1 was obtained for deoxyhemoglobin, while for oxyhemoglobin no significant bicarbonate binding could be observed. At more alkaline pH (pH greater than or equal to 7.5), the association constant for deoxyhemoglobin decreases. Circular dichroism of Caiman aquomethemoglobin decreased considerably in the 287-nm region upon addition of CO2 at constant pH, an effect very similar to the one caused by inositol hexaphosphate in human aquomethemoglobin. PMID- 7263662 TI - Properties of abnormal proteins degraded rapidly in reticulocytes. Intracellular aggregation of the globin molecules prior to hydrolysis. PMID- 7263664 TI - Comparative study of the carbohydrate moieties of rat and human plasma alpha 1 acid glycoproteins. AB - Rat and human alpha 1-acid glycoproteins contain 5 and 6 acidic asparagine-linked sugar chains in 1 molecule, respectively. The structures of these sugar chains were studied by sequential exoglycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis after being released from the polypeptide back bone by hydrazinolysis. All oligosaccharides obtained from both glycoproteins contain N acetylneuraminic acid. Sialidase digestion of the acidic oligosaccharides from rat sample released three biantennary complex type sugar chains and three triantennary complex type sugar chains, the outer chains of which are composed of Gal beta 1 leads to 3GlcNAc and/or Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc. In the original acidic oligosaccharides, sialic acids occur as three type linkages: NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal, NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6Gal, and Gal beta 1 leads to 3(NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6)GlcNAc. In addition to the five sugar chains reported by Fournet, B., Montreuil, J., Strecker, G., Dorland, L., Haverkamp, J., Vilegenthart, J. F. G., Binette, J. P., and Schmid, K. ((1978) Biochemistry 17, 5206-5214), the structures of three new sugar chains of human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were elucidated. PMID- 7263663 TI - Dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Comparative specificities and mechanisms of the oxygenation reactions. PMID- 7263666 TI - myo-Inositol oxygenase from hog kidney. I. Purification and characterization of the oxygenase and of an enzyme complex containing the oxygenase and D-glucuronate reductase. PMID- 7263665 TI - Demonstration of the occurrence of inactive fatty acid synthetase in rat liver by immunotitration and its in vitro partial activation. AB - Direct immunotitrations of rat liver fatty acid synthetase in crude tissue homogenates with monospecific rabbit anti-rat liver fatty acid synthetase antibody enabled us to make a comparison of fatty acid synthetase protein and activity (percentage of maximal activity) as a function of the nutritional state in normal, diabetic, and insulin- and glucagon-insulin treated animals. Previous results, in which large changes in fatty acid synthetase activity were related to protein synthesis and degradation rather than to enzyme activation, were confirmed. It was also shown that fatty acid synthetase activation does not occur immediately on synthesis but follows the synthesis of fatty acid synthetase protein. In order to characterize the enzymatically inactive protein found on immunotitration and to develop an in vitro system for fatty acid synthetase activation, conditions were sought to obtain large amounts of fatty acid synthetase protein free from, or low in, activity. It was found that treatment of hypophysectomized rats with triiodothyronine meets these requirements, yielding milligram quantities of inactive fatty acid synthetase protein with less than 2% of maximal activity. A part of the inactive fatty acid synthetase was found to be the apoenzyme as indicated by beta-ketoreductase and thioesterase activities, by its ability to incorporate label from [G3H]CoA, and by its partial in vitro activation, which led to an increase in overall synthetase activity in crude and partially purified cell-free systems. The components required for activation include magnesium ion and a transferase fraction prepared from livers of 48-h fasted, 12-h refed rats. PMID- 7263667 TI - myo-Inositol oxygenase from hog kidney. II. Catalytic properties of the homogeneous enzyme. PMID- 7263668 TI - Cathepsin B-like enzymes. Subcellular distribution and properties in neoplastic and control cells from human ectocervix. PMID- 7263672 TI - Characteristics of the binding of Ca2+ and other divalent metal ions to bovine alpha-lactalbumin. AB - Removal of the tightly bound Ca2+ ion from bovine alpha-lactalbumin (Hiraoka et al. (1980) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 95, 1098-1104) produces a pronounced conformational change, as indicated by fluorescence and absorbance changes. These changes closely resemble the changes that occur on acid denaturation of the native protein. The binding of ions to apo-alpha-lactalbumin at pH 7.4 has been examined by monitoring fluorescence changes and by direct binding measurements with 45CaCl2. The results indicate the presence of two Ca2+ binding sites on apo bovine alpha-lactalbumin, a stronger binding site (Ka of 2.7 X 10(6) M-1) and a weaker site (Ka of 3.1 X 10(4) M-1); the fluorescence changes on Ca2+ rebinding correlate with saturation of the stronger site. Mn2+ can also bind to restore a "native" structure but with a lower affinity(Ka of 3.5 X 10(5) M-1). Zn2+ and Co2+ do not produce this change, but Zn2+ (1 mM) greatly inhibits the binding of 45Ca2+ in the direct binding assay and produces a time-dependent displacement of Ca2+ from the native protein to an apo-protein-like conformation. Co2+ does not produce these effects. Studies with metal-depleted galactosyltransferase activated with Zn2+ or Co2+ and apo-alpha-lactalbumin or Ca2+-saturated alpha lactalbumin show that the Ca2+, Zn2+, and apo-alpha-lactalbumin are all able to bind with galactosyltransferase to produce an active lactose synthase complex. PMID- 7263669 TI - Studies on intercellular adhesion. Induction of adhesion by multivalent ligands. PMID- 7263671 TI - Proton transfer in histidine hydrochloride induced by a dipolar aprotic solvent. AB - A 1H NMR study of histidine hydrochloride dissolved in water/dimethyl sulfoxide mixtures gives evidence that dimethyl sulfoxide is able to induce a proton transfer from the imidazolinium nitrogens (mainly N3) to the carboxylate group when its mole fraction becomes greater than 42%. The new tautomeric equilibrium AH2++- in equilibrium AH2+ is quantitatively studied as a function of the solvent composition. In pure dimethyl sulfoxide, this equilibrium is strongly biased toward the monocation AH2+, which represents 91% of the total histidine hydrochloride. PMID- 7263673 TI - The 2.5 A crystal structure of a dimeric phospholipase A2 from the venom of Crotalus atrox. AB - The crystal structure of the dimeric (alpha 2) phospholipase A2 from Crotalus atrox has been determined by multiple isomorphous replacement to 2.5 A resolution. A skeletal model was fit to the electron density, and the stereochemistry of the backbone was idealized. The dimeric molecule is a well defined oblate ellipsoid composed of two covalently identical subunits related by a local dyad axis which is essentially "exact" except for deviations at the periphery induced by ionic lattice contacts with neighboring dimers. As expected, the basic architecture of the individual protomers is similar to the structure of the homologous monomeric bovine enzyme (Dijkstra, B. W., Drenth, J., Kalk, K., and Vandermaalen, P. J. (1978) J. Mol. Biol. 124, 53-60). The intramolecular contact surface between the protomers is extensive and involves the catalytic and calcium-binding sites. Access to an internal cavity formed by the enclosed and abutting active center regions is quite restricted. The putative interfacial recognition surfaces of each protomer are exposed to the solvent but are on opposing surfaces of the ellipsoid, suggesting that both of these regions cannot interact with the same membrane surface simultaneously unless the membrane is distorted from planarity and/or the dimer is significantly modified. PMID- 7263670 TI - Stimulation of cholesterol binding to steroid-free cytochrome P-450scc by poly(L lysine). The implication in functions of labile protein factor for adrenocortical steroidogenesis. AB - At the low concentration of 2 nM, poly(L-lysine) stimulated the binding of dioleoylglycerophosphocholine liposomal cholesterol to steroid-free cytochrome P 450scc, which was purified from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria. Ca2+ and K+ ions displayed similar effects at much higher concentrations. These stimulatory effects were more significant at lower temperatures. Regardless of the presence of these activators, the maximal binding of cholesterol was observed between 20 and 30 mol % in dioleoylglycerophosphocholine liposomes. The examination of phospholipid fatty acyl groups on the cholesterol binding revealed that the initial binding rates decreased in the following order: (18c:2) greater than (18c:1) greater than (18c:3) greater than 18t:1) greater than (18c:1, 18:0) in the presence and absence of the lysine polypeptide. When 7 alpha-, 7 beta-, and 25-hydroxycholesterol were used as ligands, the stimulatory effect of the lysine polypeptide was not seen, indicating the specificity for cholesterol. When the cholesterol side chain cleavage activity was determined by the reconstituted system consisting of adrenodoxin reductase, adrenodoxin, and P-450scc, the stimulatory effects by poly(L-lysine) were observed. Polyglycine, poly(L-glutamic acid), putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and L-lysine had no effect, while poly(D lysine) and poly(L-arginine) had activities much less than the lysine polypeptide. PMID- 7263675 TI - Mitochondrial turnover in animal cells. Half-lives of mitochondria and mitochondrial subfractions of rat liver based on [14C]bicarbonate incorporation. PMID- 7263674 TI - The structure of vitellogenin. Multiple vitellogenins in Xenopus laevis give rise to multiple forms of the yolk proteins. PMID- 7263676 TI - Purification and characterization of taurodeoxycholate 7 alpha-monooxygenase in rat liver. AB - Taurodeoxycholate 7 alpha-monooxygenase was purified from rat liver microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rats. The purification was carried out by solubilization of microsomes by cholate, fractionation with polyethylene glycol, affinity chromatography, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The purified preparation gave a single major band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and contained 13.5 nmol of cytochrome P-450/mg of protein, which corresponded to 6.8-fold purification from microsomes on the basis of specific heme content. The specific activity of the enzyme expressed by the enzyme activity per mg of enzyme protein was increased 72-fold from microsomes. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 54,000 from calibrated polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme activity-pH curve gave a broad peak between pH 7.0 and 7.5. The Michaelis constant for taurodeoxycholate of the enzyme was 33 microM. Absorption spectra of the oxidized form of the enzyme showed a Soret band at 518 nm, typical of the low spin state of cytochrome P-450 and alpha and beta band at 571 and 534 nm, respectively. The CO-difference spectrum of the reduced enzyme showed a band at 450 nm characteristic of cytochrome P-450. Taurodeoxycholate 7 alpha monooxygenase was reconstituted from the purified enzyme, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, dilauroylglyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine, and NADPH. The purified enzyme was free from steroid 12 alpha-hydroxylase, 25-hydroxylase, and 26-hydroxylase activities. The enzyme activity was seriously inhibited by nonionic detergents, but ot by aminoglutethimide or by metapyrone. PMID- 7263677 TI - Studies on lactate oxidase substituted with synthetic flavins. Iso-FMN lactate oxidase. PMID- 7263678 TI - Energy metabolism of tumor cells. Requirement for a form of hexokinase with a propensity for mitochondrial binding. AB - Rat liver cytoplasm (postnuclear supernatant) has a low aerobic glycolytic rate in the presence of added glucose, ATP, ADP, Pi, and NAD+, whereas cytoplasm from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells exhibit a high aerobic glycolytic rate which is typical of rapidly proliferating tumor cells. Tumor mitochondria, unlike liver mitochondria, contain bound hexokinase which constitutes about 70% of the total cellular hexokinase activity. The high aerobic glycolytic rate of Ehrlich tumor cytoplasm is reduced markedly if the mitochondria are removed and can be restored almost completely upon addition of the hexokinase-containing tumor mitochondria to tumor cytosol (postmitochondrial supernatant). Addition of tumor mitochondria to liver cytosol can enhance its glycolytic rate to levels approaching those of tumor cytoplasm, whereas added liver mitochondria are without effect on the already low glycolytic rate of liver cytosol. Addition of tumor mitochondria to tumor cytosol increases its glycolytic rate to the level of tumor cytoplasm, as mentioned above, but liver mitochondria added to tumor cytosol actually depress its glycolytic rate to the level of liver cytosol. The stimulatory effect of tumor mitochondria on liver cytosol can be ascribed to its associated hexokinase activity since hexokinase specifically removed from mitochondria of tumor cells can also enhance the glycolytic rate of liver cytosol. The depressing effect of added liver mitochondria on tumor cytosol glycolysis suggests that liver mitochondria can compete more effectively than tumor mitochondria for a common intermediate and/or cofactor. Examination of 12 different tumor cell lines revealed that only those which reached maximum size in 1 month or less, and which have elevated glycolytic activities, had detectable mitochondrially associated hexokinase activity. The studies reported here describe resolution and reconstitution of tumor cytoplasm, supplementation of cytosol with intact mitochondria or mitochondrial hexokinase, and a survey of mitochondrial hexokinase content in various tumors, and provide strong evidence for the view (Bustamante, E., and Pedersen, P. L. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 74, 3735-3739) that a form of hexokinase with a propensity for mitochondrial binding plays a key role in the high aerobic glycolysis of cancer cells. PMID- 7263679 TI - Determination of partition ratios for allylisopropylacetamide during suicidal processing by a phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450 isozyme from rat liver. AB - Allylisopropylacetamide is shown to be a suicide substrate for the phenobarbital inducible cytochromes P-450. In phenobarbital-induced rat liver microsomes about 70% of the cytochrome P-450-mediated N,N-dimethylaniline N-demethylase activity is sensitive to allylisopropylacetamide inactivation; the residual 30% of the N demethylase activity is incapable of allylisopropylacetamide turnover and insensitive to allylisopropylacetamide inactivation. The partition number for inactivation of the susceptible population of cytochrome P-450 indicates turnover of 201 molecules of allylisopropylacetamide per molecule of P-450 inactivated. A purified phenobarbital-induced isozyme of cytochrome P-450, when reconstituted with purified rat liver cytochrome P-450 reductase, is also inactivated by allylisopropylacetamide in a suicide fashion with a corrected partition ratio of 184 turnovers of allylisopropylacetamide per inactivation event. This partition number is corrected for the competing O2-dependent autoinactivation of cytochrome P-450 which we have previously shown to occur with the purified isozyme (Loosemore, M., Light, D. R., and W#alsh, C. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 9017 9020). The 201 product molecules of cytochrome P-450-mediated turnover of allylisopropylacetamide in either the microsomal or purified enzyme system are probably the epoxide, are reactive toward alkylation of cellular nucleophiles, and covalently modify protein and exogenous calf thymus DNA molecules. PMID- 7263680 TI - Guanine nucleotide depletion and toxicity in mouse T lymphoma (S-49) cells. AB - Incubation of mouse T lymphoma (S-49) cells with the inosinate dehydrogenase inhibitor mycophenolic acid produced a depletion of both GTP and dGTP, and resulted in growth inhibition, partial reduction in RNA synthesis, and drastic inhibition of DNA synthesis. Similar results suggested to others that the depletion of dGTP is primarily responsible for toxicity. However, guanosine was as effective as deoxyguanosine at preventing mycophenolic acid toxicity although deoxyguanosine was more effective at elevating dGTP levels. Moreover, in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient mutants of S-49 (6MPR-3 3) deoxyguanosine was unable to prevent mycophenolic acid toxicity or to re establish normal DNA synthesis, although it returned cellular dGTP but not GTP levels to normal. No other nucleotide levels changed in a way which could account for the toxicity. Incubation of cells with a combination of deoxyadenosine, deoxycytidine, and erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine produced a selective depletion of dGTP to levels similar to that produced by mycophenolic acid, but did not affect cell growth. Studies with cells synchronized by centrifugal elutriation show that the toxicity of mycophenolic acid is specific to the S phase of the cell cycle. Addition of actinomycin D at a concentration that inhibited RNA synthesis increased the availability of GTP and re-established normal DNA synthesis in mycophenolic acid-treated S-49 cells. These results suggest that the depletion of GTP rather than that of dGTP produces toxic effects in S-49 cells and that GTP is required for DNA synthesis. PMID- 7263681 TI - Interaction of cholera toxin with rat intestinal brush border membranes. Relative roles of gangliosides and galactoproteins as toxin receptors. PMID- 7263682 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase of 60,000 daltons from mouse, rat, and calf thymus. Purification by immunoadsorbent chromatography and comparison of peptide structures. AB - For rapid simple purification of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase from limited amounts of tissues, we have developed an immunoadsorbent column chromatographic method using antiterminal transferase antibody-conjugated Sepharose 4B. The column specifically adsorbed all mammalian terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (terminal transferases) tested and, in all cases, nearly homogeneous enzymes were recovered at extremely high yields of activity and protein. By this method, we first succeeded in purifying rodent enzymes from rat or mouse thymus, which enzymes were comprised of a single polypeptide chain (Mr = 60,000). The enzyme purified from calf thymus by the same procedure showed the two well known subunits (alpha: Mr = 10,000 and beta: Mr = 32,000). However, the calf preparation purified in the presence of protease inhibitors exhibited several polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from Mr = 42,000 to Mr = 60,000, but did not contain the two-subunit form. From peptide mapping analyses, it was evident that each of the high molecular weight polypeptides contained sequences of both of the two low molecular weight subunits. These results indicate that the two subunits (alpha and beta) of the calf thymus enzyme reported earlier may be proteolytic products derived from a single polypeptide of Mr = 60,000, which may be the native form. It was noted that an extensive homology existed in primary structure of the enzymes from three species of mammals. PMID- 7263683 TI - Identification of the acidic and basic subunit complexes of glycinin. AB - Five complexes consisting of one acidic and one basic subunit that were linked via disulfide bonds were purified from unreduced S-alkylated glycinin. The acidic and basic subunits were identified unambiguously using NH2-terminal sequence analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-electrophoresis, and analytical isoelectric focusing. The subunit pairings are A1aB2, A1bB1b, A2B1a, A3B4, and F2(2)B3. Polypeptide A4 was not linked to a corresponding basic subunit via a disulfide bond. The study shows that pairing between subunits is nonrandom, which is consistent with evidence that glycinin is synthesized as a Mr = 60,000 precursor that undergoes post-translational modification to form the individual linked subunits. PMID- 7263684 TI - Biogenesis of a 35-kilodalton protein associated with outer mitochondrial membrane in rat liver. AB - Biochemical analyses following subcellular fractionation of rat liver indicated that the outer mitochondrial membrane contains a number of membrane-specific proteins of which a 35-kilodalton species (OMM-35) is a prominent component. These results were confirmed and extended by electron microscope immunocytochemical tests based on the protein A-gold technique. OMM-35 is tightly bound to the outer mitochondrial membrane, e.g. it was not released by sonication in the presence of 1.5 M KCl and 0.1% sodium deoxycholate. However, it did not react with the photoaffinity probe azidopyrene, which indicates that OM-35 is located peripherally on the membrane rather than buried deep in the lipid bilayer as an intrinsic protein. Since low levels of detergent were required for OMM-35 in intact mitochondria to react with exogenous antibodies, OMM-35 is probably located on the side of the outer membrane which faces the interior of the organelle. When rat liver mRNA was translated in a messenger-dependent cell-free system derived from rabbit reticulocytes, antiserum against OMM-35 precipitated a single polypeptide product which migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels with molecular weight characteristics of a protein slightly larger (by Mr = 500) than OMM-35 obtained from isolated outer mitochondrial membrane. The mRNA coding for OMM-35 was recovered exclusively from membrane-free polysomes. Thus, the route followed for synthesis and subsequent insertion of OMM 35 into the outer membrane of mitochondria is the post-translational pathway which has been previously described for proteins destined for the interior compartments of this organelle. PMID- 7263685 TI - Immunological detection of a conserved structure for terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. AB - The polypeptide structure of terminal transferase in crude extracts of thymus or cultured cells was examined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, electrophoretic transfer of separated peptides to nitrocellulose, specific labeling with rabbit anti-calf thymus terminal transferase, and visualization with an immunoperoxidase reaction. The major form of terminal transferase detected in crude extracts or enzyme fractions after phosphocellulose chromatography is a single 58,000- to 60,000-dalton peptide for calf thymus, rat thymus, mouse thymus, chicken thymus, cat thymus, human lymphoblastoid cells, and mouse lymphoblastoid cells. Since the anti-calf thymus terminal transferase antibody was prepared against a homogeneous calf thymus enzyme consisting of two polypeptide chains in a hydrodynamic structure of Mr = 32,000, these results suggest that the homogeneous calf thymus enzyme preparation is a proteolytically degraded form of the 58,000-dalton peptide. Terminal transferase peptides from human, bovine, rat, chicken, cat, and mouse are immunologically related and have similar conserved polypeptide structure. PMID- 7263686 TI - Haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. Subunit interaction probed by cross-linking. AB - Haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex has been cross-linked using the bifunctional reagent 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that specific cross-linking was obtained between haptoglobin H chain and a hemoglobin chain. The cross-linked complex was reduced and denatured, and the cross-linked subunits were separated from the unreacted haptoglobin and hemoglobin chains by molecular sieve chromatography. Peptide analysis on the purified cross-linked subunits showed that haptoglobin H chain was cross-linked to hemoglobin beta chain only. This result indicates that the H and beta chains are in close proximity in the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. PMID- 7263687 TI - A comparative study of the in vitro polymerization of tubulin in the presence of the microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and tau. AB - At concentrations of microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and tau inducing maximal microtubule formation, MAP2 promotes higher rates and higher levels of microtubule nucleation that tau. Microtubules polymerized to steady state by tau show a 2-fold higher rate of tubulin loss compared to microtubules polymerized by MAP2. Microtubules polymerized in the presence of both MAP2 and tau contain lower levels of MAP2 (0.06 mol/mol of tubulin) and tau (0.07 mol/mol of tubulin) than microtubules polymerized in the exclusive presence of MAP2 (0.2 mol/mol of tubulin) or tau (0.25 mol/mol of tubulin). Addition of tau to microtubules polymerized by MAP2 results in incorporation of tau into microtubules (0.047 mol/mol of tubulin) and loss of MAP2 (0.1 mol/mol of tubulin). Similarly, incubation of microtubules polymerized by tau in the presence of MAP2 results in microtubule incorporation of MAP2 (0.1 mol/mol of tubulin) and loss of tau (0.08 mol/mol of tubulin). Microtubules and their ribbon precursor contain comparable levels of MAP2. Cross-sectional views of microtubules show no difference in the number of protofilaments (13 to 15) forming the MAP2 and tau microtubules. Fingerprints of cysteine-labeled tryptic peptides of two tau polypeptides (tau 4 and tau 6) are very similar and differ totally from similar fingerprints of MAP2. PMID- 7263688 TI - Electroimmunochemical quantitation of cytochrome P-450, cytochrome P-448, and epoxide hydrolase in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7263689 TI - Accumulation of (n-9)-eicosatrienoic acid in confluent 3T3-L1 and 3T3 cells. AB - The 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cultured cell line accumulates the n-9 class of eicosatrienoic acid (20:3 n-9) after becoming confluent when the medium contains 10% fetal bovine serum. Accumulation of 20:3 n-9 also occurred in confluent, nondifferentiating 3T3 cells but not in eight other cultured cell lines that were tested. Radioisotope experiments indicate that confluent 3T3-L1 cells synthesized 20:3 n-9 from [1-14C]oleic acid. 20:3 n-9 comprised 9.8% of the cell phospholipid fatty acids, and its accumulation was associated with a 40% reduction in the phospholipid arachidonic acid content. The highest percentage of 20:3 n-9 was present in the ethanolamine and inositol glycerophospholipid fractions. Eicosatrienoic acid also accumulated in 3T3-L1 cells that were treated with dexamethasone, methylisobutylxanthine, and insulin to achieve adipocyte morphology. Supplementation of the culture medium with 0.03 mumol/ml of either linoleic or arachidonic acid prevented 20:3 n-9 accumulation. Partial reversal of the 20:3 n-9 accumulation occurred when confluent cells were either replated at a low density to initiate logarithmic growth or supplemented with 0.03 mumol/ml of arachidonic acid. The accumulation of 20:3 n-9, a polyunsaturate that ordinarily is found only in essential fatty acid deficiency, may be an important variable in studies involving 3T3-L1 and 3T3 cells. PMID- 7263690 TI - Location of age-related modifications in rat muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The interactions of rat muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase purified from young and old animals with NADH and with the fluorescent analogue nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide were investigated. While the spectra of the circular polarization of fluorescence emitted by the ethenoadenine derivative when bound to the two enzyme preparations were identical large differences were revealed between the corresponding spectra in the case of NADH. From these results it was concluded that age-related modifications occur in the nicotinamide binding sites, but not in the adenine binding sites of this enzyme. The circular polarization of fluorescence of the ethenoadenine derivative was found to depend on the stoichiometry of its complexes with the enzyme while the spectra obtained for NADH were independent of the degree of saturation of the coenzyme binding sites. These observations demonstrate that progressive structural changes occur at the adenine site as a function of coenzyme saturation. These changes may be responsible for the strong negative cooperative in coenzyme binding. The finding that only the nicotinamide binding sites are affected by age explains our previous observation that while the affinity toward coenzyme binding which depends on both adenine and nicotinamide moieties is reduced upon aging the negative cooperativity of binding is not significantly changed, since this latter property depends on the state of the adenine site only. PMID- 7263691 TI - Human platelet-derived growth factor. Purification and resolution into two active protein fractions. AB - Human platelets secrete a factor that stimulates cultured human cells to initiate DNA synthesis and to divide. This human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been purified congruent to 100,000-fold into two equally active homogeneous fractions, PDGF I (Mr congruent to 31,000) and PDGF II (Mr congruent to 28,000). The amino acid compositions of each are similar, highly basic, and show 18 half cystine residues. Both PDGF I and II are glycoproteins, but differ in their carbohydrate compositions. The data suggest that PDGF II may be a proteolytic cleavage product of PDGF I but do not rule out that the proteins may be separate but very similar gene products. Purified PDGF is active in stimulating DNA synthesis at 0.2 ng/ml. PMID- 7263692 TI - Effects of solvent composition and viscosity on the rates of CO binding to heme proteins. AB - The rate of CO binding to myoglobin increases 4-fold, from 5 X 10(5) M-1 s-1 to 2 X 10(6) M-1 s-1, in going from 0 to 80% glycerol in phosphate buffer at pH 7, 20 degrees C. Under the same conditions, the rate of CO binding to protoheme decreases monotonically from about 1 X 10(8) M-1 s-1 to 2 X 10(7) M-1 s-1. The kinetic behavior of protoheme at neutral pH is that expected for a diffusion controlled reaction. Increasing solvent viscosity causes a decrease in the observed second order rate constant. In contrast, the behavior of the myoglobin indicates quite clearly that internal, nondiffusive processes are limiting the speed of the reaction. The rate enhancement is due to an increase in the standard chemical potential of the ligand molecule as the polyalcohol concentration is increased. Both types of behavior are observed for ligand binding to protoheme in 0.1 N NaOH; first an increase and then a decrease in rate is observed as the concentration of glycerol is increased. At low glycerol concentrations, the reaction rate is limited by a first order process. At high concentrations, the rate becomes diffusion-controlled and exhibits a dependence on the reciprocal of the solvent viscosity. The data for all these conditions have been analyzed empirically in terms of a single free energy barrier and more specifically in terms of a consecutive reaction scheme. PMID- 7263694 TI - Hydrodynamic properties of phospholipid vesicles and of sucrase isomaltase phospholipid vesicles. PMID- 7263693 TI - Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide modification of bovine heart mitochondrial transhydrogenase. AB - Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inhibits the reduction of oxidized 3 acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (AcPyAD+) by NADPH catalyzed by purified and bovine heart submitochondrial particle transhydrogenase. Kinetic studies demonstrate that the modification of 1 residue results in complete inactivation. Both transhydrogenase preparations were labeled with [14C]DCCD. Labeling of the purified enzyme was time-dependent and paralleled the extent of inhibition. The incorporation of approximately 1 mol of [14C]DCCD/monomer resulted in complete inactivation of the enzyme. At longer preincubation times or at higher DCCD concentrations, more than 1 mol of DCCD reacted and cross-linked dimers of transhydrogenase were formed. The effect of substrates on DCCD inactivation was investigated. AcPyAD+ provided no protection, and NADH gave partial protection in submitochondrial particles, but not of the purified enzyme. NADPH and NADP+ stimulated inhibition. These results indicate that DCCD modification occurs outside the active site. In experiments with transhydrogenase reconstituted into K+-loaded phosphatidylcholine liposomes, DCCD inhibited the rate of H+ uptake into the vesicles to a significantly greater extent than transhydrogenation. The incorporation of approximately 1 mol of DCCD/mol of transhydrogenase monomer completely inhibited H+ translocation, whereas complete inactivation of hydride ion transfer accompanied the incorporation of approximately 2 mol of DCCD. These results indicate that DCCD modified transhydrogenase outside the active site, possibly in a putative H+-binding domain that functions to translocate protons across the membrane by a pump rather than by a loop mechanism. PMID- 7263695 TI - Cryoinsolubility of peanut agglutinin. Effect of saccharides and neutral salts. AB - Peanut agglutinin (PNA) has been shown to be insoluble at low temperatures. This cryoinsolubility has been studied by means of absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and analytical ultracentrifugation. It was found to be dependent on pH, temperature, and protein concentration. No effects on dimer-tetramer equilibrium could be determined nor any conformational changes provoked by exposure of the PNA preparation to low temperatures. The dimer half molecule apparently does not precipitate. The cryoinsolubility was partially reversible and totally inhibited in the presence of galactosides, the specific ligands of PNA. Their efficacy as inhibitors of cryoinsolubility was related to their affinity for the lectin. The effects of neutral salts and particularly inhibition of the insolubility by strongly chaotropic salts indicate that charge charge interactions are of little importance and that hydrogen bonds and/or van der Waals interactions are most probably responsible for the formation of the cryoprecipitate. PMID- 7263696 TI - Studies on the regulation of the branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase in the perfused rat liver. AB - The regulation of the branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complex was investigated in the isolated, perfused rat liver. The metabolic flux through the branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase was monitored by measuring the production of 14CO2 from infused 1-14C-labeled branched chain alpha keto acid substrates. The rate of decarboxylation of alpha-keto[1-14C]isocaproate exceeded that of alpha-keto[1-14C]isovalerate at all concentrations of the substrates infused. Coinfusion of either alpha-ketoisovalerate or alpha-keto-beta methylvalerate inhibited the rate of alpha-keto[1-14C]isocaproate decarboxylation. The rate of alpha-keto[1-14C]isovalerate decarboxylation ws enhanced during coinfusion of L(--)carnitine, while alpha-keto[1-14C]isocaproate decarboxylation was unaffected. The presence of pyruvate in the perfusion medium resulted in an inhibition of the flux through the branched chain complex with either alpha-ketoisocaproate or alpha-ketoisovalerate as the substrate. DL-beta hydroxybutyrate infusion inhibited alpha-keto[1-14C]isocaproate decarboxylation by 18% but resulted in nearly a 100% stimulation of alpha-keto[1-14C]isovalerate decarboxylation. The evidence presented indicates that (alpha) the metabolic flux through the branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex can be monitored effectively in a continuous fashion in the perfused liver by following the release of 14CO2 from infused 1-14C-labeled substrates and (b) the changes observed in the metabolic flux through the branched chain complex during coinfusion of alternative substrates and other compounds may be entirely different depending upon which branched chain alpha-keto acid substrate is utilized to monitor this reaction. PMID- 7263697 TI - Dynamics of amino acid side chains in membrane proteins by high field solid state deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. AB - We have obtained the first deuterium NMR spectra of individual types of aromatic amino acids in a defined membrane protein, bacteriorhodopsin, in the photosynthetic purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium R1. Isotopic labeling and high field (8.5 Tesla) operation permitted relatively rapid data acquisition at a variety of temperatures. At the temperature of growth (37 degrees C), we find that all 7 tryptophan residues are rigid on the time scale of the NMR experiment (approximately 10(-5) s), except for likely librational motions of approximately 10 degrees amplitude. By contrast, nearly all (9 +/- 2) of the 11 tyrosines and (13 +/- 2) 13 phenylalanines undergo rapid (greater than 10(5) s-1) 2-fold rotational flips about C gamma-C zeta, causing formation of line shapes dominated by effectively axially asymmetric (asymmetry parameter eta = 0.66) deuteron electric field gradient tensors. On cooling the phenylalanine- and tyrosine-labeled samples to approximately -30 degrees C, all such motions are frozen out, i.e. occur at rates less than 10(4) s-1, and axially symmetric (eta approximately 0.05) line shapes are observed. At T greater than 91 degrees C, phenylalanine-, tyrosine-, and tryptophan-labeled membrane spectra undergo dramatic narrowing to an isotropic line of approximately 4-9 kHz width. This transition is a reflection of the loss of tertiary structure in the membrane protein with resultant fast unrestricted motion of these aromatic side chains, and is only partly reversible. These results, in conjunction with those obtained using [gamma-2H6]valine-labeled bacteriorhodopsin (Kinsey, R. A., Kintanar, A., Tsai, M-D., Smith, R. L., Janes, N., and Oldfield, E. (1981) J. Biol. Chem., 256, 4146-4149) indicate the rather rigid nature of amino acid side chains in the H. halobium purple membrane, the principal fast lage amplitude motions being methyl group rotation and discontinuous benzene ring "flipping." PMID- 7263698 TI - Structure and action of heteronemertine polypeptide toxins. Amino acid sequence of Cerebratulus lacteus toxin B-II and revised structure of toxin B-IV. AB - The primary structure of Cerebratulus lacteus toxin B-II has been investigated by automated Edman degradation of the reduced, carboxymethylated protein and of tryptic peptides derived from the maleylated protein. As a result of these studies, the identity of all 55 amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain has been unambiguously determined. Hydroxyproline, an amino acid not normally found in nonfibrous proteins, occupies position 10 of toxin B-II. The sequence analysis of B-II led us to re-examine the sequence of Cerebratulus toxin B-IV. The revised structure of toxin B-IV is presented herein. Like B-II, toxin B-IV contains hydroxyproline at position 10 of its sequence. Comparison of the sequences of toxins B-II and B-IV reveals a high degree of homology between these two polypeptides, particularly within the NH2-terminal two-thirds of each chain. PMID- 7263699 TI - Rapid entry of nicked diphtheria toxin into cells at low pH. Characterization of the entry process and effects of low pH on the toxin molecule. PMID- 7263700 TI - Human E apoprotein heterogeneity. Cysteine-arginine interchanges in the amino acid sequence of the apo-E isoforms. PMID- 7263701 TI - The size and shape of heart and muscle ferritins analyzed by sedimentation, gel filtration, and electrophoresis. AB - We have compared the size and shape of ferritins from human heart, rat heart, and skeletal muscle with those of rat liver and horse spleen ferritins, using sedimentation and gel filtration techniques. The electrophoretically "fast" form of heart ferritin was partially separated from both the "slow" heart form and from rat liver ferritin by gel filtration (Stokes radii 72 A versus 69 and 68.5 A). Sedimentation velocity after iron removal showed an 18.5 S boundary even for mixtures of the two heart species, versus 17.3 S for rat liver and horse spleen apoferritins. Holoferritins gave a broad boundary, with coefficients from 66-80 S depending on iron content. Variable amounts of disaggregated ferritin (2.6 S) were also present in the heart ferritin preparations. Removal of iron significantly increased the electrophoretic migration of the fast but not the slow heart ferritin species. By sedimentation equilibrium, the molecular weights of all apoferritins save the fast heart form were about 490,000; that for the latter was near 750,000. Since electrophoresis revealed no major differences in subunit size, it is concluded that the larger, more asymmetric form of muscle ferritin contains 34 to 38 rather than 24 subunits. PMID- 7263702 TI - Stereochemistry of the mammalian adenylate cyclase reaction. AB - Adenosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate), Sp-diastereomer, is cyclized by adenylate cyclase from bovine brain to adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate, Rp diastereomer, establishing inversion of configuration for this reaction. This result can most easily be explained by a direct nucleophilic attack of the 3'-OH group on alpha-phosphorus without involving a covalent enzyme intermediate. PMID- 7263703 TI - Affinity partitioning of membranes. Evidence for discrete membrane domains containing cholinergic receptor. AB - Subsynaptic membrane domains from Torpedo californica electroplax contain nicotinic cholinergic receptor molecules at densities as high as 20,000 micrometers-2. Intense homogenization of the electroplax releases membrane fragments enriched in nicotinic receptor from basal lamina and other synaptic cleft and presynaptic elements. Ideally, preparations of membrane fragments, highly enriched in nicotinic receptor, should approach 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin specific binding activities near the levels observed after receptor dispersal in detergents and subsequent affinity chromatography. We report the application of affinity partitioning, combined with multiple extraction techniques, to yield preparations of virtually homogeneous membranes enriched in nicotinic receptor alpha, beta, gamma, and delta subunits as well as the 43,000-dalton peripheral protein subunit. The countercurrent distribution technique serves to resolve three populations of receptor-containing membranes. One fraction is refractory to affinity partitioning and may represent aggregates of receptor-rich membranes with fragments derived from nonsynaptic membranes. The second and third fractions contain membrane fragments derived from the subsynaptic membrane and are highly enriched in nicotinic receptor (5.1 to 7.8 nmol of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites/mg of protein). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of all three fractions indicates that alpha, beta, and gamma subunits are present in stable stoichiometric ratios, while the 43,000-dalton peripheral protein content varies by 33% between the fractions. However, removal of 90% of the 43,000-dalton component by mild alkali treatment does not result in conversion of one fraction into the other. The combination of affinity partitioning and counter current distribution techniques utilized in this study should prove useful in the resolution of a variety of subcellular particles that contain specific binding sites. PMID- 7263704 TI - On the stereospecificity of cholestanetriol 26-monooxygenase. AB - Both diastereoisomers, 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 26-tetrol (25S isomer) and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 27-tetrol (25R isomer), were chemically synthesized, and the method to separate these epimers by thin layer chromatography was established. Applying this method, the stereospecificity of cholestanetriol 26-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.15) was studied as follows. 5 beta-[3H]Cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol was incubated with the reconstituted system of rat liver mitochondria, which consisted of the partially purified cytochrome P-450, bovine NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase, bovine adrenodoxin, and NADPH. The product was identified as 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 27-tetrol (25R isomer). This clearly demonstrates that the partially purified cytochrome P-450 of rat liver mitochondria catalyzes hydroxylation of the 27-methyl group (25-pro-(S) methyl group) of 5 beta cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol. PMID- 7263705 TI - Electrophoretic heterogeneity and polypeptide chain structure of the gamma subunit of mouse submaxillary 7 S nerve growth factor. AB - The gamma-subunit of the high molecular weight form of mouse submaxillary gland nerve growth factor is known to be electrophoretically heterogeneous. The protein is a mixture of molecules containing either two or three chains, attached covalently by disulfide bonds, that arise from one or two endoproteolytic cleavages. Analysis of the amino acid composition and partial sequence of the resultant fragments has defined the location of the two cleavage sites. Further heterogeneity is generated by partial removal of the carboxyl-terminal basic residues located at the internal cleavage sites, presumably by an endogenous exopeptidase(s) with carboxypeptidase B specificity. Permutations of these endo- and exoproteolytic cleavages generate six possible microheterogeneous forms, which can account for the five major bands observed on electrophoresis at pH 7.05 and the three principal forms seen on isoelectric focusing. PMID- 7263706 TI - The amino acid sequence of the gamma-subunit of mouse submaxillary gland 7 S nerve growth factor. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the gamma-subunit of mouse submaxillary gland 7 S nerve growth factor has been determined from analyses of the peptides generated by cyanogen bromide, trypsin, and chymotrypsin from the naturally occurring fragments. All peptides were sequenced automatically in a spinning-cup sequenator using Polybrene to minimize extractive losses by the solvents employed thoughout the degradation cycles. The gamma-subunit, a serine protease with arginine specificity, contains 233 amino acid residues and shares sequence homology with other proteases of this family. The five disulfide bonds of the gamma-subunit are a subset of the six disulfides present in bovine trypsin, as judged by the location of the half-cystine residues in the primary structure. An N-linked carbohydrate side chain is attached to Asn-78 in at least a majority of tee gamma-molecules. PMID- 7263707 TI - Mechanism of long chain fatty acid permeation in the isolated adipocyte. PMID- 7263708 TI - Human liver arginiosuccinase purification and partial characterization. AB - Argininosuccinase from normal human liver was purified and characterized. The properties of this enzyme were compared to those of argininosuccinase from bovine liver. The molecular weight of the native human liver enzyme is 200,000 as determined by gel filtration. Polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis of the enzyme, dissociated by sodium dodecyl sulfate, indicated that it exists as a tetramer of identical or similar subunits of 50,000 daltons. No evidence of multiple species was found during the purification or subsequent characterization. The enzyme was inactivated in cold and reactivated by thermal incubation. These properties were similar to those observed for bovine liver enzyme. However, unlike bovine liver argininosuccinase, human liver enzyme exhibited normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics both in phosphate and Tris buffers, and the apparent Michaelis constant for L-argininosuccinate ws 0.1 mM. It failed to show any negative homotropic interactions with substrate, and nucleotide GTP had no effect on Km or Vmax. PMID- 7263709 TI - Reduction of methemoglobin by ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADP reductase system. AB - The changes in absorption spectra between 450 and 650 nm during the reduction of methemoglobin A, (alpha 2+ beta 3+)2, and (alpha 3+ beta 2+)2 valency hybrids by the system including ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADP reductase were studied under anaerobic conditions. During the reduction of methemoglobin A, the isosbestic points gradually shifted to different positions. These shifts were clearly observed in the presence of inositol hexaphosphate, i.e. the isosbestic points were initially observed at 525 and 603 nm, and these shifted to 529 and 599 nm, respectively, suggesting that the intermediate hemoglobins are produced during the process of the reaction. This was confirmed by the isoelectric focusing electrophoresis of the partially reduced methemoglobin solutions with ferredoxin NADP reductase system on Ampholine-polyacrylamide gel plate. On the other hand, the absorption spectra of alpha 2+ beta 3+)2 and (alpha 3+ beta 2+)2 changed with excellent isosbestic points during th reductive reaction by ferredoxin-NADP reductase system, i.e. (alpha 2+ beta 3+)2 at 526 and 601 nm and (alpha 3+ beta 2+)2 at 529 and 599 nm. From these results, the mechanism of methemoglobin reduction by ferredoxin-NADP reductase system was suggested. 1) There are two pathways for the reduction of methemoglobin including (formula, see text). 2) The beta chains of methemoglobin may be more susceptible to the reduction than the alpha chains in tetrameric methemoglobin, and thereby the (alpha 3+ beta 2+)2 valency hybrid accumulated at the halfway point of the reaction. 3) The shift in isosbestic points of methemoglobin reduction (525 nm leads to 529 nm, 603 nm leads to 599 nm) is due to the accumulation of (alpha 3+ beta 2+)2, whose isosbestic points during the reduction by the ferredoxin-NADP reductase systems were 529 and 599 nm. PMID- 7263710 TI - The role of phospholipid in the multiple functional forms of brain monoamine oxidase. AB - The nature of phospholipid requirement and lipid-protein interactions for the multiple functional forms of monoamine oxidase was investigated by rebinding the purified phospholipid to a lipid-depleted brain mitochondrial preparation. It was found that phosphatidylinositol uniquely stimulated the monoamine oxidase A activity to 80% over that in the original intact mitochondria. Other negatively charged phospholipids, although not as potent, could fully or partially reactivate the A or the B activity. Phosphatidylserine was relatively more effective in restoring the B activity. Phosphatidylcholine, a zwitterionic phospholipid, reconstituted 70% of the A activity but did not influence the B. More importantly, efficiency-gradient analyses indicated a distinct nature in the mechanism of lipid-protein interactions for the negatively charged and the zwitterionic phospholipids. The potency of the negatively charged phospholipid decreased sharply with increasing lipid molecules. No further stimulation could be detected when the lipid to protein ratio reached about 30 molecules of the negatively charged phospholipid for 100,000 daltons of membrane protein. The negatively charged phospholipid appeared to bind directly to the monoamine oxidase protein boundary with a high affinity. Phosphatidylcholine might reassociate as the membrane fluid bilayer, which in turn modulated the monoamine oxidase A activity. PMID- 7263711 TI - Affinity electrophoresis in gels containing hydrophobic substituents. AB - The electrophoresis of a number of proteins was studied in poly(N,N dimethylacrylamide) gels containing entrapped linear copolymers of N,N dimethylacrylamide with N-alkyl-substituted acrylamides. The mobility of soybean trypsin inhibitor, carbonic anhydrase, ovalbumin, and myoglobin were unaffected by the hydrophobic residues in the gel. The mobilities of bovine serum albumin and beta-lactoglobulin A were sharply reduced, with the effect increasing as the alkyl side chain on the acrylamide residue was extended from dodecyl to octadecyl. The effect of the octadecyl ligand could be further increased by interposing a spacer between it and the polymer chain backbone. The retardation of the mobilities was used to obtain protein association constants with the alkyl residues. Interaction with the hydrophobic ligand produced a separation of beta lactoglobin A into two fractions. PMID- 7263712 TI - Structure of N-acetyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine hydrate. An analogue of the COOH terminal segment of peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. AB - The solid state conformational analysis of Ac-D-Ala-D-Ala-OH.H2O, carried out by infrared absorption and X-ray diffraction, has indicated that the molecules are not extended in a regular beta conformation, but rather that they are partially folded, the phi, psi torsional angles of the COOH-terminal residue in particular being in the region of the left-handed alpha helix of the Ramachandran map. The acetylamino and peptide groups ar found in the usual trans conformation, the latter, however, exhibiting a deviation from rigid planarity. Only intermolecular hydrogen bonds occur in the crystal state. The solution conformational analysis, performed by infrared absorption and CD, has revealed that the amount of intramolecular N--H ... O==C hydrogen-bonded folded forms, if any, should be extremely small, even in deuteriochloroform at high dilution. In water, solvated, unordered species largely predominate. PMID- 7263713 TI - Phosphorylation of a group of high molecular weight basic nuclear proteins during spermatogenesis in the winter flounder. AB - A set of high molecular weight basic nuclear proteins makes up 25% by weight of the acid-soluble chromatin proteins in the mature sperm of the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). When these proteins first appear in testis cell nuclei in late October they are extensively phosphorylated, with an average phosphate content of 0.15 mg/mg of protein. As a result of this modification the proteins precipitate at pH 7.0. Their serine residues show enhanced susceptibility to beta-elimination, and partial acid hydrolysis of the proteins releases O-phosphoserine. The high serine content of these proteins (22 mol %) is sufficient to accommodate all of the bound phosphate as O-phosphoserine. At this point in spermatogenesis almost half of the histones H2A and H4 are also phosphorylated. As spermatogenesis proceeds there is a wave of dephosphorylation in which phospo-H2A and phospho-H4 disappear and the bulk of the phosphate is removed from the high molecular weight proteins T and H6 are lost. By January the high molecular weight basic nuclear proteins are completely dephosphorylated and differential salt extraction of the sperm chromatin shows that these proteins are more tightly bound than H1 and are eluted with the nucleosomal core histones at a salt concentration of greater 1 M. PMID- 7263714 TI - Localization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in intact human erythrocytes. Evaluation of membrane adherence is autoradiographs at low grain density. AB - Human erythrocytes were treated with highly tritiated [3H]iodoacetate under conditions when half of the label became attached to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. After fixation, the cells were subjected to electron microscopic autoradiography. For the evaluation of distribution of grains, which were relatively few, a computerized method was developed. Statistical analysis of data showed the significant adherence of grains to the cell membrane. The results support the view that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is localized near the membrane in the intact erythrocyte. PMID- 7263715 TI - Crystallographic studies of snake venom proteins from Taiwan cobra (Naja nana atra). Cardiotoxin-analogue III and phospholipase A2. AB - Orthorhombic crystals of cardiotoxin-analogue III from Taiwan cobra have been grown from 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol solution. The space group is P222 with 2 molecules/asymmetric unit. Several different crystal forms of phospholipase A2 from Taiwan cobra have been produced with or without Ca2+ ion. One of them, grown from 30 mM sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 6 to 7) and 30% 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol with 20 mg/ml of protein, diffracts well to 2 A resolution. It crystallizes in space group P3112 or P3212 with 2 molecules/asymmetric unit, but it can be related to a quasi-cubic space group P213. PMID- 7263716 TI - Characterization of the 80,000 molecular weight form of neurophysin isolated from bovine neurohypophysis. AB - Partially purified immunoreactive species extracted from bovine posterior pituitary have been labeled with 125I and analyzed by immunoprecipitation with antineurophysin antibodies followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Under denaturing, but nonreducing conditions, a band of Mr = 80,000 was observed. This band corresponded to immunoreactive species detected by radioimmunoassay after chromatography of unlabeled material on a Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration column run in the presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Under nondenaturing conditions, this species behaved like molecules with an apparent Mr of 140,000 to 160,000. Electrophoretic analysis of the immunoprecipitated material showed that it contained an immunoreactive, single polypeptide chain of Mr = 80,000. Another immunoreactive species of similar molecular weight was also detected, apparently derived from the first one by peptide bond cleavage yielding two fragments of Mr = 68,000 and 10,000, respectively, held together by disulfide bridges. The Mr = 68,000 fragment had lost immunoprecipitability, although its peptide map was largely homologous to that or Mr = 80,000 polypeptide. The 10,000 piece was shown by radioimmunoassay and peptide analysis to be homologous to neurophysin. PMID- 7263717 TI - Detergent-prepared glomerular basement membrane is composed of a heterogeneous group of polypeptides. AB - Glomerular basement membrane was prepared from rat, bovine, and human kidneys using a detergent solubilization procedure, and the polypeptide composition of the membranes was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Reduced rat glomerular basement membrane resolves into 15 polypeptide components ranging in molecular weight from 25,000 to greater than 300,000. Rat, bovine, and human membrane preparations all yield a similar heterogeneous distribution of polypeptides. The same group of polypeptides was observed for membrane prepared with or without the use of proteolytic inhibitors during the isolation procedure. The detergent solubilization method was compared with the more commonly used sonication method on preparations of rat, humans, and bovine glomeruli. Some differences in the number and relative concentrations of polypeptide components was observed. However, a heterogeneous group of polypeptides was present in both types of preparations. These results contradict the recent claim of Cohen and Surma ((1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 1767-1770) that glomerular basement membrane prepared by the detergent method using protease inhibitors does not exhibit polypeptide heterogeneity. Therefore, it is concluded that polypeptide heterogeneity is a characteristic feature of glomerular basement membrane irrespective of the method of isolation, detergent or sonication, with or without the use of proteolytic inhibitors. PMID- 7263718 TI - Biogenesis of mitochondrial proteins. Identification of the mature and precursor forms of the subunit of delta-aminolevulinate synthase from embryonic chick liver. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular weights of the mature subunit of embryonic chick liver delta-aminolevulinate synthase and of its putative precursor fom. Although an active enzyme with a subunit molecular weight of 51,000 could be purified from the livers of porphyric embryos, it was determined by immunoreplicate electrophoresis analyses of sodium dodecyl sulfate solubilized liver homogenates and mitochondria from porphyric embryos that the actual molecular weight of the enzyme's subunit was 65,000 +/- 2,000. These results suggested that the usual procedure for purifying delta-aminolevulinate synthase from chick embryo yielded a partially degraded enzyme. When the products of cell-free translations of mRNA extracted from livers of porphyric embryos were analyzed, they contained a polypeptide of 75,000 +/- 400 daltons which specifically cross-reacted with anti-delta-aminolevulinate synthase. It is concluded that subunit of embryonic chick liver delta-aminolevulinate synthase present in mitochondria has a molecular weight of 65,000 and appears to be synthesized as a precursor of 75,000 daltons. PMID- 7263719 TI - Properties of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase from isolated normal and I-cell lysosomes. AB - Using a combination of differential centrifugation and free flow electrophoresis (Harms, E., Kern, H., and Schneider, J. A. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77, 6139-6143) a single population of highly purified lysosomes was obtained from normal, I-cell disease type 1, and I-cell disease type 2 cultured fibroblasts. Our findings indicate that most of the residual acid hydrolase activities remaining within the I-cell fibroblasts are localized in the lysosomes, analogous to normal cells. Characterization of the carbohydrate-dependent properties of the lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase revealed that the I-cell and normal enzymes do not contain a significant proportion of neuraminidase-susceptible sialic acid residues, interact poorly with the beta-galactose-specific lectin Ricinus communis and are highly sensitive to endohexosaminidase H treatment, indicating that the oligosaccharide units of both the I-cell and normal lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase are predominantly of the high mannose type. The I cell and normal lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase, however, differed in their endocytotic properties. In contrast to the high rate of endocytosis of the normal lysosomal enzyme (7.8%/mg/h), the I-cell type 1 lysosomal enzyme failed to be endocytosed into Sandhoff cells indicating an absent or altered phosphohexyl recognition marker on the I-cell enzyme. Examination of the normal extracellular N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase revealed the presence of predominantly high mannose-type oligosaccharide units, similar to the corresponding lysosomal enzyme, although properties typical of complex-type oligosaccharide chains were also evident. In contrast, the secreted I-cell enzyme revealed the presence of oligosaccharide units predominantly of the complex type indicating that the I cell N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase has had high mannose-type oligosaccharide chains modified to complex-type probably in the Golgi or GERL region prior to secretion from the cell. PMID- 7263721 TI - The influence of temperature initial length and electrical activity on the force velocity relationship of the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the cat. PMID- 7263720 TI - Characterization and evolution poststenotic flow disturbances. PMID- 7263722 TI - Effects of normal stress on aorta surface stretching and permeability. PMID- 7263723 TI - Improved techniques for measuring in vitro the geometry and pressure distribution in the human acetabulum. II Instrumented endoprosthesis measurement of articular surface pressure distribution. PMID- 7263725 TI - Indirect evaluation of system parameters for pulsatile flow in flexible tubes. PMID- 7263724 TI - Three-dimensional simulation of steady flow past a partial stenosis. PMID- 7263726 TI - A contribution on the effects of inlet conditions when modelling stenoses using sudden expansions. PMID- 7263727 TI - Stress-strain relation of cardiac muscle determined from ventricular pressure time relationships during isovolumic contractions. PMID- 7263728 TI - Fluid mechanics of the natural mitral valve. PMID- 7263729 TI - A note on mitral valve mechanics: a pre-stressed leaflet concept. PMID- 7263730 TI - Development of new methods for phalangeal fracture fixation. PMID- 7263731 TI - Elastic properties of arteries: a nonlinear two-layer cylindrical model. PMID- 7263732 TI - The passive elastic force-velocity relationship of cat skeletal muscle: influence upon the maximal contractile element velocity. PMID- 7263733 TI - Permanent deformation of compact bone monitored by acoustic emission. PMID- 7263734 TI - Analysis of the linear displacement of the head and trunk during walking at different speeds. PMID- 7263735 TI - Sex differences in the skeletal geometry of the human pelvis and hip joint. PMID- 7263736 TI - On the processing of electromyograms for computer analysis. PMID- 7263737 TI - An EMG preamplifier system for biomechanical studies. PMID- 7263738 TI - Stress relaxation in tendons of chickens with scoliosis. PMID- 7263739 TI - Effect of inertia and viscoelasticity in late rapid filling of the left ventricle. PMID- 7263740 TI - Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis. AB - A series of 123 patients suffering traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis is reported. This lesion is associated with extension and axial loading injury, and there is a high incidence of injuries of the face or scalp and of associated fractures of the upper cervical spine. There is a low incidence of neurological injury, which seems paradoxical in the presence of what appears to be gross instability, but protection from extremes of flexion and extension may be adequate treatment. Union is usual regardless of displacement. Traction is a safe means of treatment, but early waking in a halo support reduces time in hospital without jeopardizing the result. Operation is needed only for chronic instability with or without pain, and anterior interbody fusion of C2--3 is than preferred in order to preserve rotation at the atlanto-axial joints. PMID- 7263741 TI - Fractures of the ring of the axis. A classification based on the analysis of 131 cases. AB - The retrospective analysis of 131 patients suffering from a fracture of the ring of the axis is reported. The injury was classified into three types according to radiological displacement and stability. Associated injuries and neurological deficit are discussed and a theory of pathogenesis presented. Guidelines for the management of each type of fracture are proposed. PMID- 7263742 TI - Gibbal achondroplasia. AB - A thoracolumbar gibbus is an uncommon but potentially dangerous feature of achondroplasia. In a series of unselected South African Negro achondroplasts, nine out of 17 had an abnormality of this type. In contrast, only one girl out of 20 affected individuals of European or mixed ancestry had a gibbus. It is likely that the high frequency of this deformity in South African Negro achondroplasts is the result of the traditional practice by which an infant is carried on the mother's back, with the legs straddling her waist and the spine in flexion. Wedging on the vulnerable vertebral bodies in the Negro achondroplastic infant can probably be prevented by avoiding this custom. PMID- 7263743 TI - Partial undercutting facetectomy for bony entrapment of the lumbar nerve root. AB - Seventy-eight patients who had been operated on for bony entrapment of lumbar nerve roots were studied in an attempt to define the clinical syndrome, and to assess the results of a new technique of decompression which preserves spinal stability. The mean age of the patients was 45 years and 28 of them had previously undergone spinal operations. Pain in the leg was the predominant symptom, with evidence of motor involvement in half of the patients. Signs of nerve root tension were found in only one-third of the patients. The principal factor in the aetiology was degenerative change in the posterior facet joints. Decompression was achieved by a partial undercutting facetectomy. Fifty-nine per cent of the patients obtained a "good" result and 85 per cent were satisfied with the result of their operation. Successful partial facetectomy for bony entrapment of lumbar nerve roots produced rapid and lasting relief of pain. PMID- 7263744 TI - The use of computerised tomographs in the diagnosis of thoracolumbar injury. AB - This paper presents four patients with injuries to the thoracolumbar spine assessed by computerised tomography. This technique enabled an easy, quick and accurate diagnosis to be made, avoiding dangerous manipulation of the patient. The scans were analysed using the anatomical classification of Louis to evaluate the instability of the lesions. Control CT scans were used to monitor progress and to provide an accurate prognosis within acceptable limits of irradiation. PMID- 7263745 TI - Bilateral Charnley arthroplasty as a single procedure. A report on 400 patients. AB - A series of 400 patients (average age 57.7 years) with bilateral low-friction arthroplasties of the hip has been reviewed. Comparison was made with similar unilateral operations. The results showed that the bilateral arthroplasties can be carried out as a single operation without higher risk of local or general complications. However, this excludes the incidence of pulmonary embolism which is higher for the bilateral replacements. PMID- 7263746 TI - Internal fixation versus hemiarthroplasty for the displaced subcapital fracture of the femur. A prospective randomised study. AB - A prospective randomised trial of surgical treatment for the displaced subcapital femoral fracture in patients of 70 years or more is presented. Two hundred and eighteen patients were randomly allocated into one of three treatment groups: manipulative reduction and internal fixation using Garden screws; Thompson hemiarthroplasty through a posterior (Moore) approach; and Thompson hemiarthroplasty through an anterolateral (McKee) approach. There is no significant difference in the mortality of the internal fixation and posterior arthroplasty groups. Both groups showed a significantly higher mortality than patients operated on through the anterior approach. The technical results of operation were worse in the internally fixed group, with only 40 per cent being satisfactory. Mobilisation was best achieved after the posterior approach. It is concluded that Thompson hemiarthroplasty, using an anterolateral approach, is the safest operation in this group of patients. PMID- 7263747 TI - The use of Perkins' traction in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures. AB - The treatment of fractures of the femoral shaft by traction may delay union and produce stiffness of the knee. The technique of Perkins' method is described and the results reported in 50 cases. All patients had at least 120 degrees of flexion of the knee when traction was discontinued, and 47 patients were considered to have clinical and radiological union of the fracture by 12 weeks. The main complications of the method was loosening of the Denham pin or infection of the pin-track in the proximal tibia. It is suggested that Perkins' traction is an excellent form of treatment for fractures of the femoral shaft, and has several advantages over other forms of traction. PMID- 7263748 TI - "Cold" bone scans in acute osteomyelitis. AB - The diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis is often very difficult during the first 24 to 48 hours. Bone scanning has been a useful adjunct in this diagnosis by demonstrating increased uptake in the area or areas of involvement. Occasionally the pathological area is "cold" on scanning, which may lead to a misdiagnosis. This paper presents three cases demonstrating this unusual finding. PMID- 7263749 TI - Radionuclide scanning in the early diagnosis of Perthes' disease. AB - A prospective survey was carried out on all cases of irritable hip presenting at the Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital over a period of one year. All children had a radioisotope scan of the hips and were then followed for one year by serial radiography. Five of the 50 children seen during the one year had areas of ischaemia in the capital femoral epiphysis demonstrated on the scan. all five developed radiological signs of Perthes' disease within sic months. The remaining 45 had radiographically normal hips at one year. PMID- 7263750 TI - The gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap used as a over for the exposed knee prosthesis. AB - Exposure of the prosthesis is one of the problems encountered after arthroplasty of the knee. Eight patients with nine exposed prostheses have been treated by using a gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap to provide cover. This preserved the prosthesis and closed the joint in six of the eight patients.l The factors leading to breakdown of the wound are discussed and the anatomy of the gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap and the operative procedure are described. PMID- 7263751 TI - Regeneration of menisci after total knee replacement. A report of five cases. PMID- 7263752 TI - Partial resection of the discoid meniscus in the child's knee. AB - Seven children underwent partial meniscectomy for symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus. This procedure, modifying the discoid meniscus to the normal semilunar shape, was indicated only when degeneration or tear was minimal, when the meniscus was not abnormally thickened nor of Wrisberg type, when it was not hypermobile, when the capsular attachment was intact, and when the residual meniscus was free from abnormality. The results were excellent clinically, radiologically and arthroscopically, rehabilitation was shortened to half that required for total meniscectomy and the residual meniscus functioned entirely normally. PMID- 7263753 TI - The effect of tibial torsion of the pathology of the knee. AB - Measurements of tibial torsion using a tropometer were made in more than 1200 consecutive patients attending an adult knee clinic. In total 1672 readings from 836 patients in 11 diagnostic categories were analysed. Patients with either patellofemoral instability or Osgood-Schlatter disease had a significant increase in lateral tibial torsion. The most important finding was a significant reduction in this torsion in patients with panarticular disease. PMID- 7263754 TI - Restoration of dynamic stability of the patella by pes anserinus transposition. A new approach. AB - Lateral instability of the patella was found after recurrent, habitual and permanent dislocations. Contracture of soft tissues lateral to the patella only occurred with habitual and permanent dislocations, but medial laxity was present in all cases. After adequate release of the lateral contracture, the medial stability was improved by transposition of the lower three-quarters of the pes anserinus to the medial border of the patella, and the patellar ligament. This created a relatively unstretchable physiological sling which ensured dynamic stability of the patella. Six recurrent, 21 habitual and nine permanent dislocations of the patella were treated by this method. Results were excellent in 21 patients, good in 13 and fair in two. The follow-up period varied from 21 to 84 months. There have been no recurrences to date. PMID- 7263755 TI - Factors affecting the prognosis of brachial plexus injuries. AB - The clinical results in a series of 131 patients with 134 brachial plexus injuries were analysed to determine the factors affecting prognosis. Isolated injuries to the upper trunk had the best prognosis, but the prognoses of isolated injuries to the cords, upper roots and lower trunk were not as good. Complete injuries of the plexus had the worst prognosis. Pain which persisted for more than six months was a bad prognostic sign for neurological recovery regardless of the location of the lesion. Horner's syndrome was not always accompanied by a bad prognosis. Operation did not affect the prognosis except in open lacerations. A pseudomeningocele detected by myelography usually precluded recovery in the root at the level of the pseudomeningocele. PMID- 7263756 TI - Entrapment of the median nerve after dislocation of the elbow. A case report. PMID- 7263757 TI - The importance of cephradine in hip surgery. AB - Effective concentrations of antibiotic in the fluid bathing implanted hip prostheses are essential to prevent infection by micro-organisms. Twenty patients undergoing total hip replacement were given one gram of Cephradine intramuscularly one hour before operation and one other received a single bolus of Cephradine intravenously before operation and one other received a single bolus of Cephradine intravenously before operation. The concentrations of antibiotic were greater and persisted longer in the tissue fluid than in the blood. The antibiotic was sufficient to inhibit most micro-organisms causing contamination. We recommend that Cephradine is given intramuscularly one hour before operation and at six-hourly intervals after operation until the drainage tubes and intravenous lines have been removed. PMID- 7263758 TI - A histochemical study of muscle in club foot. AB - A histochemical analysis was made of 103 muscle biopsies taken from 62 patients with idiopathic club feet. Any reduction in the diameter of the muscle fibres associated with wasting of the calf muscle was recorded. Histochemical abnormalities existing in these biopsies were revealed by comparison with normal biopsies obtained from the normal legs of 13 children with unilateral deformities. No significant difference was found between the diameter of the muscle fibres taken from normal and affected legs aged under six months. This indicates that wasting of the calf muscle is due to a reduction in the number of fibres rather than their size. The muscle structure was normal excluding denervation and reinnervation. The soleus muscle in patients aged under six months contained 61 per cent Type 1 fibres in the affected legs, compared to 44.3 per cent in normal legs. Similar values were found in the normal and abnormal tibialis posterior muscles, long flexors of the toe and peroneal muscles. The change in composition of the soleus muscle and the reduction in the number of fibres may be caused by a defective neural influence on the development of the limb in club foot. PMID- 7263759 TI - The advantages of titanium alloy over stainless steel plates for the internal fixation of fractures. An experimental study in dogs. AB - An experimental study is reported of fracture healing in the femora of 36 Beagle dogs, comparing the results of using stainless steel plates with those of using less rigid titanium alloy plates. The alloy plates led to the appearance of a small amount of periosteal callus without any histological evidence of fracture instability, thus allowing the radiological assessment of fracture union. This also produced less bone loss during the remodelling phase. Radiological measurements 24 weeks after osteotomy showed cortical thickness to be reduced by six per cent under titanium alloy and by 19 per cent under stainless steel, while histological measurements showed a total bone loss of 3.7 per cent under titanium alloy and of 11 per cent under stainless steel plates. Removal of the titanium alloy plates after eight weeks followed by a recovery period of 16 weeks produced an increase of cortical thickness of 69 per cent and a gain in total bone mass of 30 per cent. Titanium alloy plates also produced less soft-tissue reaction than stainless steel plates. It is concluded that this alloy is a promising material for internal fixation devices. PMID- 7263760 TI - The toxicity of metals used in orthopaedic prostheses. An experimental study using cultured human synovial fibroblasts. AB - Some of the component metals of the alloys used for total joint prostheses are toxic and dissolve in the body fluids. It is important to establish how toxic these metals are and to assess the risk of localised tissue necrosis around the prostheses. This has been investigated by incubating primary monolayer cultures of human synovial fibroblasts with various preparations of metals for periods up to 18 days. Morphological changes were evident after exposure to cobalt chloride at a concentration of 50 nanomoles per millilitre and to nickel chloride at 200 nanomoles per millilitre. Chromic chloride, ammonium molybdate and ferric chloride produced no changes up to 500 nanomoles per millilitre. Cultures exposed to particulate pure metals were poisoned by cobalt and vanadium but were not affected under the same conditions by nickel, chromium, molybdenum, titanium or aluminium. Particulate cobalt and vanadium were probably toxic due to their relatively high solubility (four and one micromoles per millilitre respectively after seven days incubation). Particulate nickel also dissolved (three nanomoles per millilitre after seven days) but not in sufficient quantities to be toxic. It appears, therefore, that potentially the most harmful components are cobalt from cobalt-chromium alloy, nickel from stainless steel, and vanadium from titanium alloy. As far as can be estimated, the only combination of materials which is likely to give rise to toxic levels of metal under clinical conditions, is cobalt chromium alloy articulating against itself to produce relatively high levels of cobalt. PMID- 7263761 TI - Plasma membrane-integrated estrogen receptors in breast tissue: possible modulator molecular for intracellular hormone level. AB - Plasma membrane fractions from tumor specimens of 14 peri- and postmenopausal primary breast cancer patients and from non-neoplastic tissue were prepared by sucrose density sedimentation. The membranes were disintegrated by Triton X-100 and the 3H-estrogen binding capacity of membrane-derived proteins was determined. The receptor system found in the plasma membranes was mainly of low affinity and high capacity, working apparently in tandem with the high affinity and low capacity system described for the cytosol. Receptor concentrations in plasma membranes of non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissue were distributed over a wide range of values, but a significantly lowered receptor capacity was found on neoplastic tissue. An association constant, Ka = 6.35 . 10(10) M-1 was determined for neoplasma-derived membrane receptor proteins, whereas non-neoplastic tissue membrane proteins were not saturable, when incubated with up to 150 pmol 3H estradiol. From a Scatchard plot analysis of some experiments a molar concentration of binding sites for membrane proteins, derived from breast cancer tissue, n(M) = 1.7 . 10(-12)/mg protein was extrapolated. Furthermore, ample evidence was provided by an estrogen fluorescence probe that an estrogen binding system is located within the plasma membrane. It is suggested that the estrogen binding capacity of the epithelium cell membrane, due to the phospholipid moiety, can modulate the estrogen uptake and, thus, preventing hazardous high levels of estrogens within the cytoplasm. The presented experimental data throw a new light on the use of antiestrogens in the treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 7263762 TI - Investigation results of a comparison made between the Kiel and Rappaport classifications of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, together with clinical data. PMID- 7263763 TI - Studies in an animal model on the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy with 5 FU and BCNU in cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma. AB - The effect of combined chemotherapy with 5-FU and BCNU on ten well differentiated human adenocarcinomas of different stages following xenotransplantation and growth in syngeneic balb/c nude mice collectives was investigated. With a tumor take of approximately 90%, it was found that marked remissions up to 43% of the original volume were only obtained with those transplant tumors initially classified as Dukes A and B; carcinomas graded Dukes C/D underwent no significant remission. Pathohistological findings during tumor remission revealed large amounts of fibrotic tissue together with surviving nests of tumor cells. PMID- 7263764 TI - [Possibilities and limits of the quantitative demonstration of protein thiols with the DDD-reagent in cells of cervical epithelium (author's transl)]. AB - From six patients, all with invasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri, two groups fo smear preparations, each consisting of eight samples, were taken: The first, group A, before and the second, group B, after mechanical removal of the discharge which was present in abundant quantities. All samples were treated for 24 h with DDD to reach the fast-reaching SH-groups, coupled with Fast Blue B and measured cytophotometrically at 560 nm. Without any exception, the neoplastic cells of group A showed significantly lower extinction values both of the nucleus and of the total cell, if compared to group B. The mean extinction difference amounts to 55% and is highly significant and some evidence is given that the viability of the cells plays an important role. For this reason, the quantitative evaluation of the DDD Fast Blue B does not seem to be useful for cytologic routine investigations. PMID- 7263765 TI - Neurotensin and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. PMID- 7263766 TI - Growth inhibitory protein(s) in the 3T3 cell plasma membrane. Partial purification and dissociation of growth inhibitory events from inhibition of amino acid transport. AB - It has been reported previously that a plasma membrane-enriched fraction from 3T3 cells arrests the growth of sparse 3T3 cells early in the G1 phase of growth (Whittenberger et al., '78, '79). Addition of membranes to sparse 3T3 cells also results in a decrease of the rate of transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Lieberman et al., '79). We have partially purified the growth-inhibitory proteins from plasma membrane of 3T3 cells. These growth-inhibitory proteins behave as intrinsic membrane proteins and do not require membrane lipids for activity. The partially purified proteins arrest cell growth without affecting the rate of alpha-aminoisobutyric transport; thus, inhibition of both transport and cell growth are not obligatorily coupled events. PMID- 7263767 TI - Cation fluxes and volume regulation by human lymphocytes. AB - The ionic basis of volume regulation by human peripheral blood lymphocytes in hypotonic Tyrode's medium has been studied. The intracellular water space of lymphocytes increased to a maximum after 1 min in 0.68 X isotonic Tyrode's but returned to the isotonic value by 20 min at 37 degrees C. During this phase of volume regulation (1-20 min) both 42K+ efflux and 42K+ influx were stimulated severalfold, but the increase in 42K+ efflux exceeded the influx, resulting in a net loss of 20% of the lymphocyte K+. The increase in 42K+ efflux during the phase of cell shrinkage was unaffected by ouabain or by quinidine. Hypotonicity increased both the ouabain-sensitive (active) and ouabain-insensitive components of 42K+ influx by 76% and 123% respectively. Hypotonic shock stimulated 22Na+ influx by only 25%, but cell Na+ content was unchanged at 1 min and even decreased after 20 min. Thus active K+ influx and Na+ extrusion is increased by hypotonicity, but greater pumping cannot explain the net decrease in cell cations that leads to volume regulation. The 45Ca2+ uptake was not significantly changed by hypotonicity. Although volume regulation was abolished in a hypotonic high K medium, 42K+ efflux was still stimulated 2-fold by the reduction in tonicity. These findings support the hypothesis that volume regulation in hypotonic media occurs largely by a passive loss of cell K+, which results from a selective increase in membrane permeability to this ion. The increase in K+ permeability in hypotonic media is observed even in the absence of volume regulation by the cell. PMID- 7263768 TI - Hexose sugar transport activity in a mouse fibroblast cell line temperature sensitive for expression of the transformed phenotype. AB - A temperature-sensitive mouse fibroblast cell line was used to examine the relationship between hexose sugar uptake rates and the control of cell growth. The cell line (ts-H6-15) is a derivative of SV-3T3 cells, exhibiting a transformed phenotype at 32 degrees C and a normal phenotype at 39 degrees C. For cells actively growing at either temperature, a marked decrease in the rate of 3 O-methyl-D-glucose (3-O-MeG) transport is observed as cell population density increases. At cell population densities tested, 3-O-MeG transport rates (at a common assay temperature) were greater in H6-15 cells grown at 32 degrees C than at 39 degrees C, with the enhancement being maximal at the lowest cell densities. The effect of low serum-arrest on H6-15 cells revealed that cells growing at 39 degrees C arrest in G1, while cells at 32 degrees C stop more randomly throughout their cycle. Under conditions of low serum-arrest the rate of 3-O-MeG transport remained as high as in actively growing cells at both 32 degrees C and 39 degrees C. However, 2-deoxyglucose uptake rates were growth state-dependent at 39 degrees C, indicating perhaps metabolic as well as membrane-level control of sugar accumulation. These results further demonstrate that rates of hexose sugar transport by themselves are not always absolutely correlated with rates of cell proliferation and, thus, may be reliable predictors of cell growth potential. PMID- 7263769 TI - Fibroblast colonies in monolayer cultures of human bone marrow. AB - In a liquid culture of human bone marrow, the development of fibroblast colonies takes place on days 6 to 9. Twenty percent fetal calf serum is used as the stimulus fibroblast colony growth. Human bone marrow cells are plated as 2 x 10(5) cells in the culture. Normal human bone marrow yields 47 +/- 4 fibroblasts colonies per 2 x 10(5) cells plated. Bone marrow fibroblast cultures using agar or methylcellulose restrict colony formation. Marked colony suppression was observed in acute leukemia, and a discrete colony number was observed in hypoplastic anemia. This fibroblast culture method should be applied to a larger number of patients to determine whether it has a pathognomonic value and clinical significance. PMID- 7263770 TI - Sensitivity of excision repair in normal human, xeroderma pigmentosum variant and Cockayne's syndrome fibroblasts to inhibition by cytosine arabinoside. AB - Inhibition of the gap-filling, polymerizing step of excision repair by 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) after irradiation with ultraviolet light in human diploid fibroblasts resulted in the formation of persistent DNA strand breaks in G1, G2, and plateau phase cells, but not in S phase cells. Addition of hydroxyurea to ara-C resulted in partial inhibition of repair in S phase cells. These observations can be explained either in terms of changing roles in repair for different DNA polymerases throughout the cell cycle or by the presence of a pool of deoxycytidine nucleotides during S phase equivalent to be an external source of deoxycytidine at 50 microM concentration. A similar concentration dependence on ara-C was observed for inhibition of repair in normal human, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) variant, and Cockayne's syndrome cells but slightly more in XP variant cells. Exonuclease III and S1 nuclease independently both degraded about 50% of the 3H-thymidine incorporated into repaired regions in the presence of ara-C. Sequential digestion with both enzymes degraded nearly 90% of the repaired regions. These observations can be explained if excision repair proceeds by displacing the damaged strand so that both the 3H-labeled patch and the damaged region are still ligated to high molecular weight DNA and compete for the same complementary strand during in vitro incubation with the nucleases. The amount of 3H-thymidine incorporated in DNA by repair decreased with increasing concentrations of ara-C and hydroxyurea, suggesting that the incomplete patches became shorter under these conditions. Extrapolation of the digestion kinetics with exonuclease III permits an estimate of the normal patch size of about 100 nucleotides, consistent with previous estimates. PMID- 7263771 TI - Effects of cytoskeletal disrupting agents on replication of bovine endothelium. AB - Colchicine and vinblastine inhibited endothelial cell migration but had no effect on the stimulation of replication seen at wound edges in cultures of endothelium at stationary density. This is in contrast to the effects of cytochalasins which inhibit both migration and replication at wound edges. Moreover, colchicine and vinblastine stimulated cell replication in the unwounded, confluent monolayer. This effect has kinetics similar to the stimulation of replication at a wound edge and is associated with an initial retraction of cell borders, leaving gaps between cells. Cytochalasin D inhibited the growth response to microtubule disrupting agents but did not prevent cell retraction. Stimulation of replication by microtubule disrupting agents was not dependent on serum but was synergistic with serum in cultures rinsed repeatedly with serum-free medium. The replication occurred prior to any cell loss. When, however, cells were allowed to complete mitosis, about one-half of the daughter cells detached from the monolayer so that there was no increase in cell density. We conclude that microtubule disrupting agents are the first agents found to be effective in stimulating growth of vascular endothelium at saturation density. These data further suggest that colchicine and vinblastine stimulate cell growth in a manner similar to wounding, where cell movement is a prerequisite to cell replication. PMID- 7263772 TI - Cellular responses to stress: comparison of a family of 71--73-kilodalton proteins rapidly synthesized in rat tissue slices and canavanine-treated cells in culture. AB - Cultured rat embryo cells exposed to the L-arginine analogue L-canavanine rapidly accumulated a major 71 kilodalton polypeptide and several minor ones (110, 95, 88, and 78 kilodaltons). Canavanine-treated cultures contained elevated levels of translatable mRNA encoding P71, and the stimulated synthesis of this protein was blocked by actinomycin D, suggesting that P71 is inducible. Rat embryo cells maintained under routine culture conditions synthesized only trace amounts of P71; however, they accumulated an abundant 73 kilodalton protein that was closely related to P71. No kinetic evidence of a precursor-product relationship between P73 and P71 was found. The peptide map of P71 from cultured cells was identical to the map of proteins with the same electrophoretic mobility isolated from incubated slices of rat telencephalon. Previous studies (White, '80a, b, c) have shown that the latter proteins are rapidly synthesized by cells associated with cerebral microvessels in incubated brain slices, but are not detectable in vivo. Herein we present evidence that the synthesis of P71 is not unique to brain slices. Incubated slices of heart, lung, thymus, kidney, spleen, and liver all accumulated an abundant 71 kilodalton size class. The peptide maps of P71 obtained from brain, heart, lung and thymus tissue were similar. The stimulated synthesis of P71 in brain, heart, and lung slices was inhibited strongly by the addition of actinomycin D at the start of incubation. The 71-73 kilodalton proteins of canavanine-treated rat embryo cells and incubated slices from seven different organs were compared in detail on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. Eight charge variants were detected in extracts of lung, spleen, and thymus tissue, four in liver and heart, three in kidney, and two different pairs of variants in extracts of brain tissue and cultured cells. The possible significance of the rapid synthesis of a similar small set of proteins in tissue slices and cultured cells in response to a variety of physical, chemical, and biological stimuli is discussed in terms of cellular responses to traumatic injury and metabolic stress. PMID- 7263773 TI - The intranuclear relationship between centromere volume and chromosome size in Festuca scariosa X drymeja. AB - In the hybrid Festuca scarisoa X drymeja where pairing is incomplete at pachytene, there is preferential pairing between the longer chromosomes of the complement. EM serial-section reconstruction of nuclei at zygotene and pachytene reveals that there is equally pronounced preferential pairing between larger centromeres. This evidence suggests that the longer chromosomes have large centromeres and that centromere volume is correlated with chromosome length. Confirmation of this comes from the comparison of the frequency distributions of observed centromere volumes and those predicted on the basis of chromosome length. Although there is a positive correlation between centromere volume and chromosome length, it is not possible to identify the centromeres of each individual chromosome within the complement because (a) the differences between the lengths of each chromosome are small and (b) the estimates of relative centromere volumes vary significantly between cells. PMID- 7263774 TI - Generation of osteoclasts in vitro. PMID- 7263775 TI - Isolation of the cytoskeleton from Giardia. Tubulin and a low-molecular-weight protein associated with microribbon structures. AB - The sucking disk of Giardia is supported by a large, plate-like organelle: the ventral disk cytoskeleton. Extraction by Triton-X 100 of Giardia trophozoites from the mouse gut, or of G. duodenalis or G. lamblia grown from cultures, yields cell-free disk cytoskeletons. Up to 8 flagellar axonemes may be attached to an isolated disk. Disks are seen in the electron microscope to be composed of concentrically coiled microtubules bonded to microribbons. Microribbons are large, laminated structures, linked by dense networks of crossbridges. They are made up of regularly arranged subunits. Microtubules and microribbons are preserved in Triton for long periods, but crossbridges are slowly dissolved. Whereas the addition of ATP causes axonemes to resume bending, active movements were not detected in disks. It seems more likely that a disk is a passive effector, which may be acted upon by other contractile structures of the cytoplasm. It is highly specialized and quintessential cytoskeleton. Disks and axonemes will dissolve in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and after SDS-gel electrophoresis 2 prominent bands are apparent. One, corresponding to tubulin, migrates in low ionic strength, high pH buffers as 2 closely spaced bands of equal staining density. The other, a smaller protein, is a complex polypeptide band of molecular weight 30 000 Daltons. Allowing for staining differences, the 2 proteins are probably present in cytoskeletons in roughly equal amounts. Because of their size microribbons account for at least 75% of the structured material stained by electron stains in pellets of cytoskeletons. Disk and axoneme microtubules comprise the minority fraction. This result suggests that, like microtubules, microribbons are a source of structural tubulin and probably also contain the 30 000 mol. wt protein. PMID- 7263776 TI - Arrangement of subunits in microribbons from Giardia. AB - Ultrasound has been used to disperse the cytoplasm of Giardia muris and Giardia duodenalis trophozoites, releasing disk cytoskeletons for negative staining and study by electron microscopy. Sonication also breaks down the corss-bridges uniting microribbons in disks. Individual ribbons and small bundles of these structures, are found in these preparations and have been imaged both from their edges and in flat face view. The outer layers of ribbons are 2 sheets of regularly arranged globular subunits, held apart by a fibrous inner core. The axial repeat of the microribbon is 15 nm, which is also the distance separating cross-bridge sites along ribbons. Pronounced striping at this interval is a feature of ribbon faces where they are joined in bundles. Subunits in the outer layer are arranged in vertical protofilaments that are set orthogonally to the long axis of the ribbon. Protofilaments bind tannic acid and are seen clearly in sectioned ribbons. Three protofilaments fit into the 15-nm longitudinal spacing. Optical diffraction patterns from ribbon images are dominated by orders of the 15 nm periodicity, including the third-order reflexions expected from protofilaments spacings. Fourth-order reflexions indicate that the ribbon core may also be structured. Ribbon face images give rise to a strong 4-nm layer line, corresponding to the vertical spacing of subunits in protofilaments. Neighbouring protofilaments are staggered by about 0.67 nm. The lattices found in ribbons are consistent with studies of cytoskeleton composition. PMID- 7263777 TI - Correlation between Barr body and overall chromatin decondensation in vitro. AB - Geometric and densitometric properties of the Barr body of early and late phase II confluent human fibroblasts are analysed by the automated image analyser Quantimet 720 D. In cells with the same 2C DNA content, the state of condensation of the Barr body varies proportionally wih the state of condensation of the entire nucleus yielding a correlation between nuclear and Barr body area. In light of these results, indicating the participation of the Barr body in the overall process of chromatin condensation and decondensation, a definitive "'static" separation between dense ("heterochromatic") and dispersed ("euchromatic") regions of chromatin seems to be arbitrary. The implications of these results in terms of a possible attachment of interphase chromatin to the nuclear envelope are briefly discussed. PMID- 7263778 TI - Control of cell division of the intracellular Chlorella symbionts in green Hydra. PMID- 7263779 TI - Persistence, suppression and re-expression of pigment formation in somatic cell hybrids between mouse melanoma cells and non-melanoma cells. AB - Pigmented subtetraploid subhexaploid mouse melanoma cells were fused with a range of different cell types. Expression of pigment formation appeared to be dependent on the phenotype of the non-melanoma parent cell, so that hybrids with lymphoid cells or chick embryo erythrocytes produced pigment, but hybrids between fibroblasts or epithelial rat hepatoma cells did not. The results were independent of gene dosage of either parent cell. gamma-irradiation of suppressing partner cells prior to fusion caused progressive increase in pigmentation with increasing dose of radiation. Cybrids between cytoplasts of suppressing fibroblasts and melanoma cells were pigmented. PMID- 7263780 TI - The formation and orientation of brush border vesicles from rat duodenal mucosa. AB - An electron-microscopic study of various fractions taken during a newly developed method for preparation of brush border vesicles from rat duodenum, has shown that vesiculation of microvilli can occur in situ on the brush border membrane. This mode of formation ensures that the vesicle membranes are oriented as in vivo and that they are "right-side-out". The disruption of core protein-fibres appears to be a prerequisite for vesicle formation. PMID- 7263781 TI - Spirals and paracrystals induced by Vinca alkaloids: evidence that microtubule associated proteins act as polycations. AB - Formation of the vinca-induced spirals from tubulin and microtubules is dependent upon the presence of microtubule-associated proteins. Formation of paracrystals visualized in thin-sectioned material is also shown to require the presence of microtubule-associated proteins. The polycationic behaviour of the latter in stabilizing microtubules and spirals is demonstrated in experiments where assembly of tubulin in their absence was stimulated by polylysine or high Mg2+ and addition of vincristine caused spirals to form. Spirals were stable to cold, Ca2+, and colchicine, but polyadenylic acid caused their depolymerization. PMID- 7263782 TI - A comparison of results obtained between two methods of detecting the existence of circadian rhythmicity in cell division: an autoradiographical and a biochemical approach. AB - In the course of a study of circadian rhythmicity in the number of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle in mouse kidney, a comparison was made between 2 methods of estimation of DNA synthetic activity. One of the methods used was an autoradiographical analysis of the tritiated thymidine labelling index; the other was a biochemical assay of the DNA content of the tissues coupled with liquid scintillation counting, to obtain an estimate of the incorporation of tritiated thymidine, expressed as dpm per microgram of DNA. The correlation between individual estimates of DNA-synthetic activity, using the 2 methods was highly significant, as was the correlation between the 2 data sets with respect to time of zeniths. There was a suggestion that the biochemical assay procedure may be the more sensitive indicator of circadian rhythmicity in relatively homogeneous tissues with low proliferative rates. Estimated over a 3-da period, the time of maximal DNA synthetic activity lay between the hours of 22.00 and 02.00. The nadir of the curve was less well defined and occurred between 02.00 and 14.00 hours. The autoradiographical study took 5 weeks to complete exclusive of histological and autoradiographic preparation. The biochemical assay was completed in 4 days. PMID- 7263783 TI - Chromosomal basis of dosage compensation in Drosophila. X. Assessment of hyperactivity of the male X in situ. AB - The results of examination of the template activity of the fixed polytene chromosomes of Drosophila hydei, monitored by 3H-UTP, under in situ assay conditions, upon the use of endogenous Drosophila polymerase, exogenous Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (holoenzyme) and exogenous Drosophila RNA polymerase II (or B) have been presented. Analysis of the data reveals that the transcription patterns with the 3 enzymes are not strictly comparable with the pattern obtained under in vivo conditions. Yet, with each of the 3 conditions of assay, there is a reasonable concordance between the template activity on the single X chromosome of the male and the paired Xs of the female, as observed under in vivo. There is also, in every case, a high positive correlation between the 3H-UMP incorporation into the X chromosome and that into a specific autosome. A site-wise analysis of 3H-UMP labelling under the 3 assay conditions also reveals that for most of the regions, the sites which are highly active in vivo also show high labelling in situ, and the proportionally is maintained in both sexes. These result have been interpreted to have suggested that the hyperactivity of the male X vis-a-vis dosage compensation in Drosophila is primarily a property of the inherent organization of the X chromosome itself and is achieved through modulation in the organization, rather than exclusively through autosomal factor(s), although a secondary level of autosomal regulation has not yet been ruled out. PMID- 7263784 TI - Ciliary activity of cultured rabbit tracheal epithelium: beat pattern and metachrony. AB - The beat pattern of rabbit tracheal cilia has been investigated using high-speed cine photography and scanning electron microscopy, on cultured epithelia of known orientation. The cilia normally rest in the position reached at the end of the effective stroke, the ciliary tips pointing towards the oropharynx. Each beat begins with a recovery (or preparative) stroke in which a bend is propagated up the cilium causing the cilium to rotate backwards in a clockwise sweep, as viewed from above. At the end of its recovery stroke the cilium progresses immediately into the effective (or power) stroke, which is almost planar and in a cephalad direction. The active cilium describes an arc of almost 110 degrees before reaching the rest stage. This beat pattern is not significantly altered over an increase in frequency from 13-29 Hz; the relative duration of the 2 active phases of the beat remain similar over this range. Metachronal waves exist in the form of short erratic areas of coordinated beating which travel only short distances. Within each area, the non-planar recovery strokes initiate an antilaeoplectic wave of activity which recruits inactive cilia to extent the wave. As cilia perform their effective strokes, adjacent cilia in the plane of beating move in an antiplectic sequence. This pattern of coordination is related to the pattern of beat of the cilia and their distribution on the epithelium. PMID- 7263785 TI - Pollen tube development in Petunia hybrida following compatible and incompatible intraspecific matings. AB - Pollen tubes formed following compatible and incompatible intraspecific matings in Petunia have been examined with light and electron microscopes. Compatible and incompatible tubes develop in an identical fashion on the stigma but, on entry into the top 1 mm of the stylar transmitting tissue changes occur both to the cytology of the tubes and their rates of growth. The early cytological changes are common to tubes of both compatibilities but, although both types of tube accelerate on entry into the style, incompatible tubes grow more slowly than compatible. Cytological differences became apparent between compatible and incompatible tubes following a short period of growth in the style, the latter possessing thicker cell walls and a cytoplasm packed with both organelles and reserves. Incompatible tubes subsequently burst or simply cease growth and die. The characteristic image afforded by this cytoplasm resembles that or burst or dead compatible tubes, except in that proportions of the cell components may differ. These data are discussed in terms of current models proposed to explain pollen tube growth and the operation of the self-incompatibility response in Petunia. PMID- 7263786 TI - The appearance of carbohydrate-rich material in the developing Golgi apparatus of amoebae. AB - The silver proteinate reaction was used to stain carbohydrate-rich substances in normal Amoeba proteus and in the developing Golgi apparatus of renucleated amoebae. Normal cells contained stained material, which probably is glycoprotein, in the cell surface, cisternae at the concave pole of the Golgi apparatus, and cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles. Previous radioautographic studies had shown tht glycosylation occurs in the Golgi apparatus, and that material in the Golgi apparatus is precursor to the cell surface. Amoebae were enucleated for 5 d, which results in a decline of the Golgi apparatus, the disappearance of the glycoprotein-containing cisternae preceding that of the rest of the organelle. A new nucleus was then transplanted into the enucleate amoebae, bringing about the regeneration of the Golgi apparatus. small curved cisternae that appeared 30 min after renucleation lacked staining with silver proteinate. By 1 h after renucleation, however, the content of cisternae toward the concave poles of Golgi bodies stained with silver proteinate. The Golgi apparatus in cells fixed 6 h and 1 d after operation resembled that of normal amoebae in both morphology and staining pattern. The results suggest that the developing Golgi apparatus acquired the capacity to participate in assembly of cell-surface material within 1 h after renucleation. This occurred before development of the normal enzymic activity of the Golgi apparatus was completed. PMID- 7263787 TI - The relationship between nuclear DNA content and centromere volume in higher plants. AB - The total volume of centromeres per nucleus varies widely within Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (7-fold) and between 11 higher plant species (24 fold). Such variation is closely correlated with nuclear DNA content, nuclear volume and, to a lesser extent, the total volume of nucleoli per nucleus. Centromere volume reflects minor intraspecific developmental fluctuations in nuclear size independent of variation in nuclear DNA content, but variation in nuclear DNA plays the major role in determining centromere volume. Thus, in general a given total volume of centromeric material is apparently characteristic of an approximately constant nuclear volume and mass of nuclear DNA, but largely independent of chromosome number. The range of volume of single centromeres in 4 taxa corresponds with the ranges of their single chromosome lengths or chromosome DNA contents. The centromere is, therefore, not a unit structure of constant size and mass but a chromosome segment whose highly variable volume closely reflects the volume and mass of the chromosome to which it belongs. The correlation between centromere size and chromosome size and DNA content is potentially useful for identifying single centromeres in unsquashed interphase and dividing nuclei; thereby facilitating studies of the intranuclear disposition of chromosomes. The present results for centromeres provide probably the first example to indicate that variation in the total DNA content of small segments present on each chromosome sometimes varies directly in proportion to large interspecific variation in nuclear DNA C-value. The close correlation between centromere volume, and nuclear DNA content is probably nucleotypic in origin. The functional significance of the variation in centromere volume is unknown, as is the nature of the mechanism which determines that centromere volume closely reflects nuclear and chromosome size and mass. PMID- 7263789 TI - Children's knowledge of emotion. PMID- 7263788 TI - A two-year follow-up of infants in community-based day care. PMID- 7263790 TI - Emotion recognition in disturbed and normal children: a research note. PMID- 7263791 TI - The referential communication skills of deaf children from different educational environments. PMID- 7263792 TI - Determination of plasma and brain concentrations of trazodone and its metabolite, 1-m-chlorophenylpiperazine, by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive and specific gas chromatographic procedure is described for the quantitation of trazodone and its active metabolite, 1-m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), in plasma and brain. After addition of internal standards, the samples were extracted with benzene and the extracts divided into two portions. One portion was evaporated to dryness, and residue dissolved in methanol and the solution injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen-selective detector, for trazodone quantitation. To the remaining half of the extracts, 100 microliter of heptafluorobutyric anhydride solution were added and the metabolite was measured as the heptafluorobutyryl derivative by electron-capture detection. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to confirm the specificity of the analyses. The kinetic profile of trazodone and its metabolite was investigated after oral administration of trazodone (25 mg/kg). The parent drug and its metabolite both accumulated in brain, reaching concentrations several times those in plasma. More mCPP than the parent compound entered the brain; the ratio of the area under the curve for trazodone to mCPP in plasma was about 4, whereas in brain it was only about 0.8. PMID- 7263793 TI - Measurement of exposure to xylenes by separate determination of m- and p methylhippuric acids in urine. PMID- 7263794 TI - Identification of two in vitro metabolic products after liver microsomal incubation of antazoline. PMID- 7263795 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of cyclohexanone oxime in urine and plasma. PMID- 7263796 TI - Determination of the carcinogen methylazoxymethyl-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid in rat bile and urine. PMID- 7263797 TI - Use of F(ab')2 antibody fragments in the synthesis of immunoadsorbents for preparing monospecific antigen. AB - Class specific F(ab')2 antibody fragments were prepared by pepsin digestion of the labile Fc immunoglobulin fragments in antigen--antibody precipitates. The F(ab')2 fragments were covalently coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B and the resultant immunoadsorbent used to isolate IgG from human serum with a single chromatographic step, in high yield and purity and negligible non-specific interaction. This technique affords a simple method for preparing an enriched source of class specific affinity-purified immunoglobulin antibodies suitable for many immunochemical applications. PMID- 7263798 TI - Liquid chromatography with UV absorbance and polarographic detection of ethylenethiourea and related sulfur compounds: application to rat urine analysis. PMID- 7263799 TI - Microextraction and gas chromatographic analysis of selected petroleum hydrocarbons in water and fish tissue. AB - The most effective water to solvent ratio is determined for the analyses of aromatic hydrocarbons in water using hexane. The recoveries of these hydrocarbons formed in the water soluble fraction of crude oils and petroleum products are measured using a microextraction procedure. Recoveries were in the 30-40% range but are consistent for each compound. Fish muscle samples are fortified with the standards and the recoveries measured with a modified extraction procedure using dichloromethane as the primary extracting solvent. This is dispersed in water using acetone and finally extracted with hexane. Recoveries range from 90-113% with a mean value of 98%. PMID- 7263800 TI - New chromatographic system for the rapid analysis and preparation of colostrum sialyloligosaccharides. AB - A new thin-layer chromatographic system on silica gel for the separation of sialyloligosaccharides is described. Calibration of the system with standard milk and colostrum sialyloligosaccharides is presented. The use of the system in monitoring different oligosaccharides is demonstrated for the purification of bovine colostrum sialyllactose isomers and a commercial sialyllactose product, and is discussed with respect to other biological fluids. The large-scale preparation of pure sialyllactose isomers from bovine colostrum is achieved using an improved ion-exchange separation on Dowex 1-X2 (less than 400 mesh) employing isomolar elution at 20 mM for monosialyloligosaccharides and 200 mM for disialyllactose. The purification of four major monosialyltrisaccharides, the 2-3 and 2-6 isomers of N-acetylneuraminyllactose, N-glycolylneuraminyl2-3lactose and N-acetylneuraminyl2-6-N-acetyllactosamine, and the disialyltetrasaccharide di-N acetylneuraminyllactose is reported. The detection and partial purification of three new minor monosialyloligosaccharides is described. PMID- 7263802 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of pilocarpine hydrochloride, isopilocarpine, pilocarpic acid and isopilocarpic acid in eye-drop preparations. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described which allows the simultaneous estimation of pilocarpine, isopilocarpine, pilocarpic acid and isopilocarpic acid. The method offers advantages over existing chromatographic procedures in that pilocarpine and the degradation products are eluted within 15 min making the procedure suitable for routine quality control. Pilocarpine eye drop preparations available on the Australian market were determined to contain between 0.4 and 1.9% isopilocarpine and between 2.2 and 6.3% total pilocarpic acids. These findings are comparable to those reported by Weber in a survey of pilocarpine containing products available in the U.S.A. PMID- 7263801 TI - Determination of adriamycin (doxorubicin) and related fluorescent compounds in rat lymph and gall by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The concentrations of adriamycin (ADM) and related fluorescent compounds in lymph and gall were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after a single intravenous injection into AH 109A tumour-bearing rats. HPLC was carried out by using Zorbax Sil as the stationary phase and chloroform--isopropanol- acetic acid--water--sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) (100:100:14:14:1) as the mobile phase, with a fluorescence spectrophotometric detector at an excitation wavelength of 470 nm and an emission wavelength of 585 nm. The detection limit for ADM was down to 1.0 ng/ml. In the thoracic duct lymph, the concentration of total ADM equivalent values (total ADM values) was maximal 30 min after injection and, after a subsequent decrease, increased gradually from 60 to 180 min. The ratio of total ADM in lymph to that in plasma at 180 min was 1.5 times that at 30 min. In gall, the total ADM showed a maximal level of 20.0 microgram/ml at 30 min. PMID- 7263803 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of sodium nitroprusside. AB - A rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of nitroprusside in commercial lyophilized products or in intravenous admixture solutions is described. The method is stability-indicating. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography was performed using a microparticulate (10 micrometer) phenyl column with a mobile phase acetonitrile--phosphate/tetrabutylammonium hydroxide buffer (pH 7.1) (30:70) and detection at 210 nm. A coefficient of variation of less than 3.1% was achieved over the concentration range studied (10--50 microgram/ml). Total analysis time was 9 min. This method was used to show that there is a small loss of nitroprusside due to photodegradation during intravenous infusion, even when the admixture container is wrapped in foil as recommended and used expeditiously. PMID- 7263804 TI - Analysis of the anti-coccidial drug, halofuginone, in chicken tissue and chicken feed using high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Methods are described for the analysis of the anti-coccidial drug, halofuginone, in chicken tissue at concentrations as low as 1 ppb (0.001 ppm) and in chicken feed at a concentration of 3 ppm, using high-performance liquid chromatography. The tissue analysis involves: enzymatic release of the halofuginone followed by ethyl acetate extraction under basic conditions, partition into ammonium acetate buffer, concentration using Sep-pakTM C18 cartridge. The feed analysis involves: ethyl acetate extraction under basic conditions, partition into hydrochloric acid, concentration using XAD-2 column chromatography. Both methods use high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for the final analysis. Precision and accuracy data for both methods are given. PMID- 7263805 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of trichothecenes. I. Detection of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin. PMID- 7263806 TI - Lipid class and molecular species interrelationships among plasma lipoproteins of normolipemic subjects. AB - As evidence of lipoprotein interconversion and/or equilibration, a gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) examination was made of the lipid class and molecular species interrelationships among the major fasting plasma lipoprotein fractions within each of seven male and four female normolipemic subjects subsisting on free choice diets. The lipoprotein fractions were prepared by conventional ultracentrifugation and the lipid class and molecular species composition of the corresponding lipoprotein fractions were determined by GLC of the intact cholesterol and glycerol esters and of ceramides. In general, each lipoprotein fraction possessed a well defined lipid class composition, which was characterized by a dramatically decreasing triacylglycerol and an increasing phospholipid and cholesteryl ester content when progressing from the very low (VLDL), to the low (LDL2) and high (HDL) density lipoproteins, as already established by conventional analyses. However, the LDL2 contained about a two times higher proportion of total phospholipids as sphingomyelin than VLDL and HDL. Furthermore, the sphingomyelins of the HDL fraction contained about 30% more of the higher molecular weight species than the sphingomyelins of either VLDL or LDL. Smaller differences were seen in the molecular species composition of the phosphatidylcholines, cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols among the corresponding fractions of lipoproteins. In general, the lipid class and molecular species distribution is incompatible with the hypothesis which postulates VLDL conversion into LDL and HDL under the influence of lipoprotein lipase and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. The significant differences noted in the lipid class and molecular species distribution suggest that the true transformations of the lipoproteins are much more complex and may also involve cholesteryl ester-triacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine exchanges via appropriate carrier plasma proteins, as well as possible phase separation of lipids during the removal of the excess surface material from the VLDL remnants, as already demonstrated in in vitro experiments. It is concluded that a direct GLC analysis of the neutral and polar lipid components of plasma lipoprotein classes provides important evidence of lipoprotein interrelationships which may be utilized to test existing and new hypotheses of lipoprotein interconversion. PMID- 7263807 TI - Simultaneous determination of histamine and N tau-methylhistamine in human urine and rat brain by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 7263808 TI - Analysis of trimethobenzamide in human saliva by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. PMID- 7263809 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic procedure with alkali flame ionization detection for the determination of maprotiline in plasma. PMID- 7263810 TI - Quantitative analysis of the cholinesterase inhibitor paraoxon in brain tissue using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7263811 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of iothalamate and o-iodohippurate. PMID- 7263812 TI - Determination of guaiphenesin and its metabolite, beta-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-lactic acid, in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7263813 TI - Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of antispasmodic trimebutine in human plasma: pharmacokinetic studies after intravenous administration in humans. PMID- 7263814 TI - Convenient and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography assay for cimetidine in plasma or urine. PMID- 7263815 TI - Trace determination of trimetazidine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection. PMID- 7263816 TI - Analysis of the anticancer drugs etoposide (VP 16-213) and teniposide (VM 26) by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 7263817 TI - Determination of levamisole in plasma and animal tissues by gas chromatography with thermionic specific detection. AB - A rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of the anthelmintic levamisole in plasma and tissues from man and animals. The procedure involves the extraction of the drug and its internal standard from the biological material at alkaline pH, back-extraction into sulphuric acid and re-extraction into the organic phase (heptane-isoamyl alcohol). Several extraction steps can be omitted, however, whenever the gas chromatographic background permits and some operations can be simplified using Clin ElutTM extraction tubes. The analyses were carried out by gas chromatography using a nitrogen-selective thermionic specific detector. The detection limit was 5 ng, contained in 1 ml of plasma or in 1 g of the various tissues, and recoveries were sufficiently high (79-86%). The method was applied to human plasma samples in a comprehensive bioavailability study of levamisole in healthy volunteers, and to plasma and tissues in a residue trial in cattle. The effect of the blood collection technique on the plasma levels was also studied and pointed to decreased plasma concentrations when Vacutainer tubes were used. PMID- 7263818 TI - Determination of polythiazide and prazosin in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of polythiazide in human plasma down to concentrations of 0.5 ng/ml. Polythiazide and an internal standard (epithiazide) are simultaneously extracted from the sample, the extract is purified on a silica micro-column and analyzed on a muBondapak CN column. Chloroform-methanol (97:3) is the eluent, with spectrophotometric detection at 264 nm. The extraction methodology developed for the analysis of polythiazide in blood plasma allows the simultaneous quantitative determination of prazosin, which is frequently administered together with thiazide diuretics. The precision and accuracy of both the polythiazide and the prazosin assays are excellent and are not seriously affected by the simultaneous presence of both drugs in the plasma. Therefore, determination of polythiazide and prazosin is possible using a single plasma sample. PMID- 7263819 TI - Quantitative determination of naproxen in plasma by a simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of naproxen in plasma is described. The technique is based on the single extraction of the drug from acidified plasma with chloroform using 2-naphthalene acetic acid as internal standard. The chromatographic system consisted of a column packed with Spherisorb ODS (5 micrometer); the mobile phase was acetonitrile--phosphoric acid (pH 3) (45:55, v/v). The method can accurately measure plasma naproxen concentrations down to 1 microgram/ml using 100 microliter of sample, with no interference from endogenous compounds. The coefficients of variation of the method at 120 microgram/ml and 1 microgram/ml are 2.8 and 21.6%, respectively, and the calibration curve is linear. The method described is very suitable for routine clinical and pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 7263820 TI - Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of 9-(2 hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (acyclovir) in human plasma and urine. AB - Acyclovir, a new antiviral drug for human use, could not be solvent extracted and was retained poorly by reversed-phase (RP) columns. Drug in urine and plasma (deproteinised) could be chromatographed successfully as an ion-pair (with heptanesulphonic acid) on RP-18 columns. The validated method had the required sensitivity for a wide variety of clinical situations including metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 7263821 TI - Assay of trimethoprim, sulfadiazine and its N4-acetyl metabolite in biological fluids by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine the concentration of timethoprim, sulfadiazine and its N4-acetyl derivative in human serum and urine. The unchanged compounds and the metabolite are extracted in organic solvent by a single extraction. The method is accurate and sensitive and suited for pharmacokinetic studies in man. PMID- 7263822 TI - Specific assay for radiolabelled digoxin and its known apolar metabolites in biological fluids. I. AB - A specific assay method for radiolabelled digoxin and its known apolar metabolites in plasma, urine and saliva was developed. The assay permits the delineation of the pharmacokinetics of digoxin and its metabolites after single dose administration of the drug to humans. Column chromatographic and solvent extraction procedures were used for the separation of apolar and polar compounds. Thin-layer chromatography was applied for the individual and specific assessment of digoxin and its apolar metabolites. Apolar and polar standards were used for quantitative assessments of all the procedures used. Accuracy and precision of the assay developed were evaluated in plasma, urine and saliva using biological samples spiked with known amounts of standards and by measuring replicates of biological samples obtained from pharmacokinetic studies wit digoxin administration to humans. PMID- 7263823 TI - Glass capillary quantitative determination of N pi-methylhistidine in urine and muscles. PMID- 7263824 TI - Liquid chromatographic assay of urinary estriol and electrochemical detection with a battery powered detector. PMID- 7263825 TI - Rapid detection of rubella-specific IgM antibodies by the use of microimmunobeads (MIB-IgM). AB - A simple haemagglutination (HA) titre reduction assay for the detection of rubella-specific IgM antibodies has been developed. Serum IgM is rapidly isolated by immune adsorption to heavy chain-specific anti-human IgM antibodies covalently coupled to polyacrylamide microimmunobeads. The immobilized immunocomplexes are incubated with rubella virus HA antigen. Subsequently, the particles are centrifuged from the solution, and the reduction of the HA titre is determined. This procedure has proven to be as reliable as haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) tests carried out with IgM fractions separated on a sucrose density gradient. PMID- 7263826 TI - Formaldehyde treatment of hepatitis B micelle vaccine. PMID- 7263827 TI - Abuse of diuretic therapy in nursing homes. PMID- 7263828 TI - Primitive reflexes and perceptual sensory tests in the elderly- their usefulness in dementia. PMID- 7263829 TI - An algebraic analysis of biases due to exclusion, susceptibility, and protopathic prescription in case-control research. PMID- 7263830 TI - Hypertension incidence in an inner-city black population. PMID- 7263831 TI - Covariance adjustment of rates based on the multiple logistic regression model. PMID- 7263832 TI - Blindness increases life span of male rats: pineal effect on longevity. PMID- 7263833 TI - Physicochemical and kinetic properties of the Mn2+-dependent adenylyl cyclase of the human testis. PMID- 7263834 TI - Atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis: relationship between the clinical state and intrathyroidal iodine as measured in vivo in man. AB - The intrathyroidal iodine (ITI) was measured by means of the x-ray fluorescence method in 58 patients suffering from atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis (AAT). They were divided into 4 groups according to their basal T4, basal TSH, and the peak TSH response after TRH administration. Forty-eight normal subjects served as controls. A progressive fall of ITI was found, with less ITI in the first grade AAT patients as compared to the controls. A negative correlation between basal TSH and ITI could be shown. These data support the concept of a graded evolution of AAT, linking the clinical state to the ITI. The results also suggest that, with the hemagglutination techniques used for the determination of antithyroglobulin antibodies and antithyroid microsomal antibodies, positively at a dilution of 1:25 and 1:100, respectively, should be regraded as significant. PMID- 7263835 TI - Rapid changes of prolactinoma volume after withdrawal and reinstitution of bromocriptine. PMID- 7263836 TI - Human placenta is an active site of thyroxine and 3,3'5-triiodothyronine tyrosyl ring deiodination. AB - Human placental homogenate deiodinates the tyrosyl ring of T4 and T3, converting these active thyroid hormones to the inactive iodothyronines, rT3 from T4, and 3,3'-diiodothyronine and 3'-monoiodothyronine from T3. The conversion of T4 or rT3 is time, temperature, pH, and protein content dependent and does not occur in the absence of the thiol-regenerating agent dithiothreitol. Phenolic ring deiodination of T4, T3, and rT3 was not detected. Failure of the transplacental passage of T4 and T3 from mother to fetus may be secondary to the placental tyrosyl ring deiodination of these iodothyronines. PMID- 7263837 TI - Dual effects of antidiuretic hormone on urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion in man. AB - To evaluate the relationship of renal prostaglandin synthesis to urine concentrating mechanisms, 14 healthy subjects received antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the nonpressor ADH analog desamino-d-arginine vasopressin (dD'AVP). Endogenous ADH was increased by water deprivation. Urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured by RIA and by bioassay. ADH, dD'AVP, and dehydration each reduced urinary volume by a similar amount (from 582 +/- 66 to an average of 141 +/- 13 ml/4 h) and similarly increased osmolality (from 231 +/- 13 to 721 +/- 31 mosmol/kg). Dehydration and dD'AVP reduced PGE2 from 44 +/- 4 to 25 +/- 5 and 30 +/- 5 ng/4 h, respectively (P less than 0.01), suggesting an inverse correlation of PGE2 with urine osmolality (r = -0.48; P less than 0.005). In contrast, ADH increased urinary PGE2 to 102 +/- 23 ng/4 h (P less than 0.02). Infusions of another vasoconstrictor peptide, angiotensin II, to six of the subjects doubled urine osmolality and also increased urinary PGE2 excretion. These data do not support the theory that the antidiuretic effect of ADH enhances PG synthesis; instead, the data indicate that ADH has two effects on PGE2 excretion: 1) stimulation, presumably by pharmacological pressor activity, and 2) inhibition by antidiuresis. PMID- 7263838 TI - Thyroid hormone levels after acute L-thyroxine loading in hypothyroidism. AB - While extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 sustains circulating T3 blood levels in patients receiving maintenance doses of L-T4, the serum T3 rise after the acute administration of large doses of L-T4 may involve an additional mechanism, T3 contamination in L-T4 preparations. L-T4 (1000 micrograms; Synthroid) was given orally to four noncompliant hypothyroid individuals (mean T4, 1.0 micrograms/dl; mean T3, 28 ng/dl). Continuously withdrawn blood sampling revealed a mean rise in serum T4 to 7.7 micrograms/dl at 4 h and a parallel rapid mean rise in serum T3 to 66 ng/dl (136% over baseline) at 4 h. RIA analysis of the experimental batches of Synthroid revealed 0.7-0.9% T3 contamination. Oral administration of 5 or 10 micrograms Cytomel (T3; corresponding to 0.5% and 1% T3 contamination in 1000 micrograms Synthroid) to two of the hypothyroid subjects at a later date resulted in T3 serum elevations 12% and 68% as great as post 1000 micrograms L-T4. To eliminate basal hormone changes between these experiments, a third subject received 7.5 micrograms Cytomel on day 1 (corresponding to the measured T3 contamination in 1000 micrograms Synthroid), followed by 1000 micrograms Synthroid on day 2. Resulting peak T3 levels were identical. In summary, hypothyroid individuals rapidly absorb acute L-T4 loads, with parallel increases in T4 and T3 blood levels. The major source of this T3 elevation is the contaminant in L-T4 preparations. This degree of T3 contamination becomes clinically significant in acute large dose T4 regimens and results in euthyroid levels of T3. PMID- 7263839 TI - A lack of unique pathophysiologic background for nephrolithiasis of primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - The metabolic picture of 32 patients with surgically proven primary hyperparathyroidism presenting with renal stones was compared with that of 37 patients without stones. Between stone-forming and nonstone-forming groups, there was no significant difference in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [6.82 +/- 2.62 vs. 6.22 +/- 2.33 ng/dl (mean +/- SD); P greater than 0.05], fractional (intestinal) calcium absorption (0.726 +/- 0.141 vs. 0.690 +/- 0.120), urinary calcium (299 +/ 139 vs. 284 +/- 144 mg/day), serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone, or bone density. Similarly, no differences were found between 29 patients presenting with stones alone and 9 presenting with bone disease alone with respect to the above measures. Moreover, urinary environment was typically supersaturated with respect to stone-forming salts regardless of the presence of stones. The results indicate that there is no unique pathophysiological background for the nephrolithiasis of primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7263840 TI - Effects of estrogen treatment on human testicular unconjugated steroid and steroid sulfate production in vivo. PMID- 7263841 TI - Urinary excretion of free and conjugated 3',5'-diiodothyronine and 3,3' diiodothyronine. AB - RIAs for the estimation of 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'-T2) and 3,3' diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) in human urine have been established. The urinary excretion of both glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of T2 and of T4, T3, and rT3 were estimated by means of enzymatic deconjugation. In healthy controls, the mean excretion (picomoles per 24 h) of free T4 was 1820, that of free T3 was 813, that of free rT3 was 77, that of free 3',5'-T2 was 13, and that of free 3,3'-T2 was 674. The total excretion of free and conjugated T4 was 2941, that of T3 was 1283, that of rT3 was 791, that of 3',5'-T2 was 709, and that of 3,3'-T2 was 2688. Significant amounts of sulfated T4 and T3 could not be demonstrated, amounts of sulfated T4 and T3 could not be demonstrated, whereas the excretion of sulfated rT3 was higher than that of glucuronidated rT3 (P less than 0.001). In contrast, glucuronidated and sulfated 3',5'-T2 as well as glucuronidated and sulfated 3,3' T2 were found in the urine in equal amounts. In hyperthyroidism, the excretions of free and glucuronidated iodothyronines were increased, whereas the increase of the excretions of sulfated iodothyronines were less pronounced, only reaching statistical significance for 3,3'-T2 (P less than 0.02). In hypothyroidism, the excretions of both free, glucuronidated and sulfated iodothyronines were reduced. Significant amounts of sulfated T4 and T3 could not be demonstrated in urine from hyperthyroid or hypothyroid patients. Our data demonstrate that the amounts of free iodothyronines excreted in the urine vary considerably, suggesting active renal handling. The amounts of urinary glucuronidated and sulfated conjugates of the different iodothyronines studied vary considerably and are affected by thyroid function. PMID- 7263842 TI - Parathyroid hormone secretion: effect of beta-adrenergic blockade before and after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) response to beta-adrenergic blockade by propranolol infusion was determined in 11 normal subjects and 6 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) before and again after the surgical removal of abnormal parathyroid tissue. Propranolol infusion in PHPT patients before surgery resulted in no significant decrease in serum iPTH except at 2 h, when the mean value was 83 +/- 4.4% of baseline. After surgery and achieving a euparathyroid state, the same patients showed a significant propranolol-induced decrease in serum iPTH from baseline at all time periods tested, reaching the nadir value of 57 +/- 7.5% of baseline at 2 h after the start of the propranolol infusion. This response in PHPT patients after surgery was very similar to the response seen in normal subjects. Therefore, this impaired suppressibility of serum iPTH in PHPT is corrected after removal of the abnormal parathyroid tissue. The studies indicate that abnormal parathyroid tissue (either per se or via a metabolic state induced by it) is responsible for the impaired response to beta-adrenergic blockade. It therefore appears unlikely that the impaired beta-adrenergic responsiveness is involved in the pathogenesis of PHPT. PMID- 7263844 TI - A human parathyroid carcinoma that produces parathyroid hormone: long term maintenance in tissue culture. AB - Parathyroid carcinoma cells from a pulmonary metastasis of a patient with a serum Ca of 17 mg/dl and an immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) of 6.4 ng eq bovine (b) PTH/ml (normal 40--400 pg/ml) have been maintained in tissue culture for more than 2 1/2 years. The cells secrete PTH into the culture media that 1) during immunoassay dilutes in parallel to human hyperparathyroid serum, 2) has a molecular weight similar to intact highly purified bPTH, and 3) stimulates bone resorption in a manner that is equivalent and additive to synthetic bPTH-(1--34). PMID- 7263843 TI - Urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin excretion in patients with orthostatic hypotension. AB - The rates of melatonin formation and its diurnal fluctuations have been examined in patients with three types of orthostatic hypotension by measuring the urinary excretion rates of 6-hydroxymelatonin, the major metabolite of the pineal gland hormone. Deficiencies in the peripheral autonomic nervous system resulted in markedly diminished daily excretion (2.5 +/- 1.3 micrograms) relative to control (12.2 +/- 1.2). Patients with impaired central nervous system function exhibited low and/or abnormal excretion patterns. Two patients with sympathotonic orthostatic hypotension excreted greater amounts of 6-hydroxymelatonin than any of the control subjects. Melatonin secretion by the pineal gland can be used as an index of sympathetic nerve function. The study of patients with altered function may reveal the role of the pineal gland in human physiology. PMID- 7263845 TI - Radioimmunological determination of urinary melatonin in humans: correlation with plasma levels and typical 24-hour rhythmicity. AB - To study melatonin secretion by a gentle noninvasive method, a simple and quick RIA procedure to analyze melatonin in small urine volumes has been developed. Urinary extracts were prepurified by alkaline washes, and melatonin content was determined by RIA. The specificity of urinary melatonin determinations was confirmed by both thin layer chromatography and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the present study, we compared the amount of melatonin excreted in urine with plasma levels in 140 specimens from 13 adult volunteers. Comparisons showed a very good correlation between plasma levels at midnight and nocturnal excretion of urine, indicating the biological relevance of melatonin determination in urine. Our studies show further that urinary melatonin excretion displays the characteristic circadian rhythm usually observed in plasma. On the average, melatonin excretion is greatest between 2300--0300 h. The total 24-h excretion of melatonin varies considerably among different individuals. PMID- 7263846 TI - Human chorionic gonadotropin-secreting pineal tumor: relation to pathogenesis and sex limitation of sexual precocity. PMID- 7263847 TI - Prolactin and calcitonin responses to parathyroid hormone infusion in hypoparathyroid, pseudohypoparathyroid, and normal subjects. AB - Since parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been reported to release PRL in normal humans, we studied the effects of exogenous PTH infusion (150 U) on the secretion of PRL, TSH, and calcitonin in 10 normal subjects, 5 with hypoparathyroidism, and 10 with pseudohypoparathyroidism, type I (PHP). PTH produced a rise in serum PRL in the normal subjects from 5.1 +/- 0.8 ng/ml (SE) to 14.9 +/- 3.0 ng/ml (P less than 0.01), while levels similarly rose from 4.0 +/- 0.2 to 8.5 +/- 0.8 ng/ml (P less than 0.01) in the patients with hypoparathyroidism. In 6 PHP patients with deficient PRL responses to TRH, the PRL response to PTH was also blunted (basal, 3.2 +/- 0.81 ng/ml; peak, 4.1 +/- 1.3 ng/ml; P greater than 0.1). Three of 4 PHP patients with normal PRL responses to TRH demonstrated a normal PRL increment in response to PTH infusion. Serum TSH and calcitonin were not changed by PTH infusion in any of the groups. These findings demonstrate that the resistance to PTH seen in PHP does not extend to the pituitary gland. PMID- 7263848 TI - Prolactin and relaxin: antagonism on the spontaneous motility of the uterus. AB - Prolactin (PRL) and Relaxin (RXL) are present in human decidua at term. In previous experiments we observed that the inhibition of spontaneous uterine contractions produced by decidual RLX was masked or absent if the samples were contaminated with PRL. The present study reports the effect of purified human PRL and of sera from hyperprolactinemic patients on the motility of the uterus in vitro. Also, we studied the effect of RLX on the uterus after exposure to PRL. High-PRL sera and purified human PRL produced prompt increases in the frequency and the amplitude of the spontaneous contractions of the rat uterus. PRL antagonized RLX both when the uterus was exposed first to RLX and then to PRL and when it was exposed first to PRL and then to RLX. PMID- 7263849 TI - Diarrhea due to Cryptosporidium infection in artificially reared lambs. AB - Severe diarrhea which lasted 7 to 12 days occurred in 40 of 48 artificially reared lambs within 5 to 12 days of birth, and 16 of them died. Of 16 diarrheic fecal samples examined, 10 contained Cryptosporidium oocysts and 1 contained rotavirus, but no other known enteropathogen was detected. Upon histological examination, cryptosporidia were found in the ilea of three affected lambs, and in one of them, villous atrophy and fusion, with epithelial cross-bridging between villi, were present in distal small intestine. Diarrhea was induced in two specific pathogen-free lambs by oral inoculation with fecal homogenate containing Cryptosporidium oocysts. Both the small and large intestines became infected with the organism, and associated lesions included stunting, fusion, and deformities of villi in the distal small intestine, with replacement of columnar enterocytes by immature cuboidal cells. Subclinical infections were induced in newborn specific pathogen-free mice and rats. Judged by these data, the lamb derived Cryptosporidium sp. is similar to those recovered from calves, deer, and humans. PMID- 7263850 TI - Cellular fatty acids of Brucella canis and Brucella suis. AB - The cellular fatty acid composition of Brucella canis and Brucella suis was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The presence of relatively large amounts of a 19-carbon cyclopropane fatty acid in B. suis was a major distinguishing feature between these organisms. The gas-liquid chromatography test for cellular fatty acids provides an additional criterion for the distinction of antigenically rough strains of B. suis which cannot be differentiated from B. canis by conventional procedures. PMID- 7263851 TI - Determination of brucella immunoglobulin G agglutinating antibody titer with dithiothreitol. AB - The routine brucella agglutination test measures both immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG brucella antibody titers; however, only an elevated IgG titer is significant for differentiating active from inactive disease in patients with symptoms lasting 3 or more weeks. The IgG antibody titer can be determined by treating the serum wih 2-mercaptoethanol to inactivate the IgM brucella antibodies while leaving the IgG brucella antibodies intact. Dithiothreitol, which also inactivates IgM, was compared with 2-mercaptoethanol for the determination of IgG brucella agglutination titers. The dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol test results agreed within +/- 1 dilution step in 103 of 105 serum specimens tested, for a 98.1% rate of agreement. The results indicate that dithiothreitol can be used in place of 2-mercaptoethanol for determining IgG brucella agglutination titers. Dithiothreitol does not have the offensive odor or the irritant properties of 2-mercaptoethanol. PMID- 7263852 TI - Relative frequency of Clostridium difficile in patients with diarrheal disease. AB - We have studied 161 patients with diarrheal disease to determine the frequency with which Clostridium difficile occurs in such patients. C. difficile or its toxin or both were detected in stools from 19 patients (11.9%), 17 of whom had previously received antimicrobial agents. Enteric pathogens other than C. difficile were recovered less frequently, with Salmonella sp., Giardia lamblia, and Campylobacter fetus being recovered from 4.1, 2.5, and 1.3%, respectively, of the patients studied. These data suggest that C. difficile may be frequently encountered in specimens obtained from patients with diarrhea who receive antibiotics and may play a role in diarrheal disease in such patients. PMID- 7263853 TI - Relationship of phospholipid chemistry to serological reactivity in the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory slide test antigen. AB - A total of 13 egg lecithins, 12 beef heart lecithins, and 15 beef heart cardiolipins were assayed for the ability to function in the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory microflocculation test, as well as for purity, fatty acid composition, free amines, metals, and products of oxidation. We found that the presence of peroxides and oxidation-related ultraviolet-absorbing chromophores showed a close inverse relationship to acceptable serological activity. The degree of purity of the lipids had only a slight influence on serological activity, whereas fatty acid composition, saturation, and configuration had none at all. We did not detect contaminating iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, or free amines in these lipids. We discuss the implications of our findings for improving the chemical standards for these lipids. PMID- 7263854 TI - Tatumella ptyseos gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae found in clinical specimens. AB - The name Tatumella ptyseos gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed for a group of organisms (previously called group EF-9) isolated from clinical sources in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. A total of 68% of these isolates were from sputum specimens. T. ptyseos strains are gram-negative, oxidase-negative, fermentative rods that grow on MacConkey agar. The distinctive biochemical characteristics of 44 T. ptyseos isolates were as follows: acid but no gas from D glucose, sucrose, and, usually (71%), D-xylose (62% delayed); no acid from lactose, maltose, or D-mannitol; negative tests for indole, urea, methyl red, gelatin, L-lysine decarboxylase, and L-ornithine decarboxylase; L-arginine dihydrolase variable; phenylalanine deaminase positive; Voges-Proskauer positive by the Coblentz method but negative by the O'Meara method; nonmotile at 36 degrees C but 66% weakly motile (30% delayed) at 25 degrees C; Simmons citrate positive at 25 degrees C (89%) but Simmons citrate negative at 36 degrees C. Deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness studies on 26 T. ptyseos strains showed that they were 80 to 100% related at 60 degrees C, which indicated that they comprise a single species. The deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness to other species within the Enterobacteriaceae was 7 to 38%. This is evidence that this species belongs in this family, is distinct from all described species and is best placed in a new genus. The T. ptyseos isolates studied were susceptible to all of the antimicrobial agents tested by broth dilution; these antimicrobial agents were amikacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and tobramycin. Three striking differences between T. ptyseos and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae were its large zone of inhibition around penicillin (mean diameter 24 mm), its tendency to die on some laboratory media (such as blood agar) within 7 days, and its small number (usually one) of flagella. Strain H36 (=ATCC 33301, =CDC D6168, =CDC 9591-78) is the type strain of this new species. T. ptyseos is the type species for the genus Tatumella. PMID- 7263856 TI - Light diffraction studies of active muscles fibres as a function of sarcomere length. AB - This investigation has established the following points. (1) Activation of single intact frog muscle fibres or mechanically skinned fibres results in a decrease in the intensity of the first-order line at all sarcomere lengths at which filament overlap is present. (2) At long sarcomere lengths (greater than 3.6 micrometers) the intensity decrease upon stimulation of intact fibres diminishes until above 3.9 micrometers no decrease is seen. In the skinned preparation, no intensity change is seen at sacromere lengths above 3.6 micrometers. (3) The intensity decrease seen in the intact fibres in the 3.6-3.9 micrometers sarcomere length region may be due to contraction of sarcomeres near the tendons, which have a shorter sarcomere length than those illuminated by the laser beam, and thus may not be stretched beyond filament overlap. (4) No intensity decrease is observed upon activation at very long (greater than 4.5 micrometers) sarcomere lengths. (5) Mechanically skinned fibres show a graded intensity response to free calcium. (6) Scans of first-order line width show no broadening upon activation, indicating that sarcomere length dispersion in the illuminated region of the fibre does not increase. PMID- 7263855 TI - Effect of temperature on the mechanical behaviour of single skinned cardiac cells. AB - The effect of changes in temperature (16-35 degrees C) on the contractile behaviour of single, skinned cardiac cells was analysed. Lowering the temperature decreased force development, extent of shortening and velocity of shortening. The effects of altering temperature on the calcium sensitivity of velocity of shortening were more pronounced than the temperature effect upon the calcium dependence of force and extent of shortening. At maximal activation force velocity curves showed a marked shift in peak velocity, with hardly any effect on peak isometric force. PMID- 7263857 TI - The soluble calcium-binding protein from muscle of the sandworm, Nereis virens. AB - Fast-acting muscle of the sandworm, Nereis virens, contains one soluble calcium binding protein having a molecular weight close to 17 000 and occurring in the muscle at a concentration of approximately 0.1 mM. The protein binds two Ca2+ at equivalent sites with dissociation constant Kd = 6.4 X 10(-7) M. Its N-terminal amino acid is blocked by an N-acetyl group whereas glycine is the C-terminal residue. The comparison of the tryptic peptide map of this protein with those of the soluble calcium-binding protein from crayfish muscle, bovine brain calmodulin and rabbit skeletal muscle troponin C suggests that all of these proteins are homologous. Sandworm calcium-binding protein therefore belongs to the so-called cytosolic calcium EF-hand family. This protein is presumably the functional counterpart of vertebrate parvalbumin acting as soluble relaxing factor. PMID- 7263859 TI - Comparison of carbohydrate-containing and carbohydrate-restricted hypocaloric diets in the treatment of obesity. Endurance and metabolic fuel homeostasis during strenuous exercise. AB - Eight untrained, obese females (greater than 30% body fat), ages 25-33 yr, were studied before, at 1 wk, and after 6 wk while taking either of two 830-kcal/d diets: carbohydrate-containing (CC) group (n = 4): 35% protein, 29% fat, 36% carbohydrate-restricted (CR) group (n = 4): 35% protein, 64% fat, 1% carbohydrate. Endurance, at approximately 75% of VO2max (maximum oxygen uptake) on a cycle decreased from base line by 50% at 1 and 6 wk in the CR group, but there was no change in the CC group. Preexercise muscle glycogen (vastus lateralis) did not change significantly in the CC group, but was decreased by 49% in the CR group after 1 wk, and by 51% after 6 wk. There was a close correlation between percent decrease in resting muscle glycogen and percent decrease in endurance (r = 0.79, P less than 0.01). The mean fasting and exercise plasma glucose concentration was lower in the CR group than in the CC group after 6 wk, but no subject became hypoglycemic during exercise. Serum FFA, lactate, pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, insulin, and glucagon changed similarly in the two groups during exercise at base line, 1 and 6 wk. Glycerol concentration was higher in the CR group during exercise only after 6 wk. Increases in serum lactate concentrations, and a mean exercise respiratory quotient of 0.93 suggested that cycle exercise at approximately 75% VO2max used predominantly glucose as a fuel. CONCLUSIONS: Resting muscle glycogen and endurance, during cycle exercise at approximately 75% VO2max, were maintained during a 36% carbohydrate, 830-kcal/d diet. In contrast, significant decreases, occurred in resting muscle glycogen and endurance, during similar exercise, after 6 wk of a 1% carbohydrate, 830-kcal/d diet. PMID- 7263858 TI - Osmoregulation during pregnancy in the rat. Evidence for resetting of the threshold for vasopressin secretion during gestation. AB - Osmoregulation was studied in near term and age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats. Basal plasma osmolality (P(osm)) and plasma sodium (P(Na)) were 281+/-3 mosmol/kg and 134+/-3 meq/liter, respectively, on the 20th gestational day compared with 292+/-3 mosmol/kg and 140+/-1 meq/liter in virgin animals (P < 0.001), whereas P(urea) and plasma water content were similar in pregnant and control rats. These differences could not be reproduced in animals receiving progesterone, estrone, or a combination of progesterone and estradiol for 2 wk. Pregnant and control rats were deprived of water for periods ranging from 0 to 48 h. P(osm), always lower in gravidity, was 290+/-3 mosmol/kg after 2 d of water deprivation in pregnant animals compared with 300+/-2 mosmol/kg in controls (P < 0.001). Thus 48 h of dehydration were required before P(osm) in gravid rats was similar to basal values in the age-matched virgins. Despite strikingly lower P(osm), plasma arginine vasopressin (P(AVP)) and urinary osmolality (U(osm)) were similar in the basal state averaging 2.16+/-0.78 pg/ml and 1,652+/-406 mosmol/kg, respectively, during pregnancy compared with 2.08+/-2.17 pg/ml and 1,483+/-203 mosmol/kg in controls (NS). Water deprivation increased P(AVP) and U(osm) similarly in pregnant and virgin rats: these values reached 22.7+/-3.3 pg/ml and 3,300+/-123 mosmol/kg at 48 h in gravid compared with 26.0+/-6.4 pg/ml and 3,342+/-141 mosmol/kg in the controls (NS). Regression equations for P(AVP)vs. P(osm) which were highly significant (P < 0.001) in both groups demonstrated an apparent threshold for AVP secretion approximately 11 mosmol lower in gravid animals. Intravascular volume decreased, and plasma aldosterone increased during water deprivation, and both changes (Delta%) were significantly greater in the gravid animals (P <0.01). Therefore, P(osm) was increased without concomitant volume depletion by intraperitoneal hypertonic saline. Again P(AVP)vs. P(osm) correlated significantly (r > 0.9; P < 0.001) in each group, and the apparent threshold was 14 mosmol lower in pregnant animals. Diluting ability, tested by oral water loading, was not impaired in the pregnant animals which excreted a 30 ml/kg load as well as controls. Also, chronically hydrated virgin animals whose fluid intake was more than twice that of pregnant rats (for 19 d) did not lower their P(osm). In separate studies homozygous Brattleboro rats, which produce no endogenous vasopressin, were also shown to have a decreased P(osm) (pregnant 292+/-4 mosmol/kg; virgin 310+/-6 mosmol/kg P < 0.001), but unchanged U(osm) during pregnancy. Data demonstrate a resetting of the osmostat in gravid Sprague-Dawley rats as P(osm) and the threshold for AVP secretion both decrease significantly during gestation in this species. Studies in homozygous Brattleboro animals with hereditary diabetes insipidus suggest that the osmotic threshold for thirst is reset as well. PMID- 7263860 TI - Relationship between platelet secretion and prothrombin cleavage in native whole blood. AB - To determine the relationship between platelet secretion and prothrombin conversion in whole blood, the release of platelet factor 4 and the generation of a X(a)-specific cleavage product of prothrombin, fragment 1 + 2, were measured during the coagulation of whole blood. There was a parallel increase in the concentration of the two proteins. Over the first 5 min of incubation, platelet factor 4 concentration increased 6 ng/ml per min, and after 6-7 min, the rate of release increased to 750 ng/ml per min. Over the initial 5-7 min of incubation, fragment 1 + 2 concentration increased 1.5 pmol/ml per min with a subsequent increase of 45 pmol/ml per min. Incubation with 10 muM prostaglandin E(1) or 15 muM prostaglandin I(2) inhibited secretion of platelet factor 4 and delayed the onset of the rapid phase of fragment 1 + 2 generation by 8 min, while stimulation of platelet secretion with 1 mug/ml collagen suspension enhanced production of fragment 1 + 2. The addition of either 10 muM epinephrine or 100 ng/ml collagen suspension to whole blood did not affect either platelet factor 4 release or fragment 1 + 2 generation, although the combination of 3 muM epinephrine and 100 ng/ml collagen suspension enhanced platelet release and prothrombin cleavage. The relationship between platelet factor 4 release and prothrombin cleavage was also studied in Factor VIII-deficient blood. When 0.001 U/ml factor VIII activity was present, <80 ng/ml platelet factor 4 were released, and no fragment 1 + 2 was generated after 30 min of incubation. The addition of 0.008-0.08 U/ml Factor VIII activity progressively increased platelet factor 4 release and prothrombin cleavage. Platelet factor 4 release was normal at 0.08 U/ml Factor VIII activity, whereas prothrombin cleavage was still delayed. Very little thrombin, the amount generated by the cleavage of 3-5 nM fragment 1 + 2, was needed to induce release of platelet factor 4. PMID- 7263861 TI - Biochemical and functional abnormalities in lymphocytes from an adenosine deaminase-deficient patient during enzyme replacement therapy. AB - Biochemical and immunological properties of lymphocytes were measured repetitively over a period of 40 mo during enzyme replacement by transfusion in a child with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Catalytically defective ADA protein is present in the child's cells. ADA activity in his lymphocytes is 7 nmol/min per 10(8) cells with 51 ng of ADA protein/10(8) cells by radioimmunoassay. ADA activities in normal cord and adult lymphocytes average 193 and 92 nmol/min per 10(8) cells, respectively, with 429 and 223 ng of ADA protein/10(8) cells. Deoxy(d)ATP accumulates in the patient's erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Transfusion of irradiated packed erythrocytes partially corrects the metabolic defects. Frank metabolic relapse occurs if transfusions are discontinued for several months. The amounts of dATP in erythrocytes and lymphocytes averaged 13 and 2 times normal, respectively, during periods when transfusions were administered every 2-4 wk. Deoxyguanosine triphosphate and deoxycytidine triphosphate in lymphocytes were normal on 11 occasions, but deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate was ninefold increased. On 11 occasions dATP was measured in lymphocytes and erythrocytes isolated simultaneously. There was a positive, but statistically insignificant, correlation between amounts of dATP in the two types of cells (r = 0.25,P > 0.1). The absolute peripheral lymphocyte count was correlated with the activity of ADA in circulating erythrocytes and with the response of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (r = 0.64, P < 0.01; r = 0.49, P < 0.05). Response of lymphocytes to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin in vitro and absolute peripheral lymphocyte counts were not significantly correlated with levels of dATP in the erythrocyte or lymphocyte during periods of intensive therapy. Although there was objective improvement during enzyme replacement, the child remained immunodeficient and biochemically abnormal. PMID- 7263862 TI - Effect of angiotensin II on uterine and systemic vasculature in pregnant sheep. AB - The response of uteroplacental blood flow (UBF) to angiotensin II is controversial. Moreover, the relationship of the uterine and systemic responses to infused angiotensin II is not well understood. Thus, in eight chronically instrumented, near-term pregnant sheep, we have determined the relationships between the dose and duration of constant systemic infusions of angiotensin II ([Val5] ANG II) and changes in UBF, uterine vascular resistance (UVR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). [Val5] ANG II caused dose-dependent increases in UVR and MAP at all doses studied (P less than 0.05). The response in UBF was bidirectional, with increases at doses less than or equal to 1.15 microgram/min and decreases at greater than or equal to 2.29 micrograms/min (P less than 0.05). Increases in UBP occurred when the relative rise (delta) in MAP greater than delta UVR, whereas UBF was unchanged when delta MAP = delta UVR and decreased when delta MAP less than delta UVR. SVR also rose in a dose-dependent fashion (P less than 0.05); delta SVR was greater than delta UVR at doses less than or equal to 2.29 micrograms [Val5] ANG II/min (P less than 0.01). In studies of the effect of duration of [Val5] ANG II infusions, UBF increased at all doses during the 1st min, followed by stabilization at 4--5 min, with eventual decreases at doses greater than or equal to 2.29 micrograms/min and increases at doses less than 2.29 micrograms/min. The relationship between the changes in MAP and UVR to the response of UBF was as noted above. It is evident that (a) [Val5] NAG II is uterine vasoconstrictor, (b) changes in UBF are dependent upon relative changes in perfusion pressure and UVR, which in turn are dependent upon both the dose and duration of a [Val5] ANG II infusion, and (c) the uteroplacental vasculature is relatively refractory to the vasoconstricting effects of low doses of [Val5] ANG II. PMID- 7263864 TI - Localization of the site of recombination in formation of the Lepore Boston globin gene. AB - The site of crossover between the delta- and beta-globin gene sequences resulting in Lepore Boston globin gene formation has been localized at the DNA Level. Probes specific for detecting the intervening sequences (IVS) of the delta- and beta-globin genes were used to map the origin of cellular DNA fragments of a patient homozygous for hemoglobin Lepore Boston. Restriction endonuclease analysis and hybridization of this DNA to IVS specific probes show that most, if not all, of the large intervening sequences (IVS 2) in Lepore DNA are derived from the beta-globin gene IVS 2. In addition, the crossover occurs in a region of DNA in which the delta- and beta-genes have almost complete nucleotide homology, and might be expected to pair most tightly during meiosis. PMID- 7263863 TI - Dietary enrichment with the polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid prevents proteinuria and prolongs survival in NZB x NZW F1 mice. AB - Prostaglandins and related compounds are active mediators of inflammation, but data concerning their role in the pathogenesis of the glomerulonephritis of New Zealand Black x New Zealand White (NZB x NZW) F1 mice are conflicting. Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5), a fatty acid analogue of arachidonic acid (C20:4), has been shown to impair platelet aggregation in humans, apparently through inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. We report here the effects of a diet high in EPA on the development of renal disease and survival in female NZB x NZW F1 mice. Animals from 4--5 wk of age were fed diets containing 25% lipid, supplied either as beef tallow or menhaden oil, with fatty acid analysis of less than 0.05 and 14.4% EPA, respectively. In the first experiment, by 13.5 mo of age, mice on the beef tallow diet had all (9/9) developed proteinuria and the majority (6/9) had died, with renal histologic examination revealing severe glomerulonephritis. In contrast, none of 10 menhaden oil-fed animals had developed proteinuria, and all were alive at this time (P less than 0.005 for both proteinuria and survival). In a second experiment using 50 mice in each dietary group, 56% of the beef tallow group vs. none of the menhaden oil group had developed proteinuria at 9 mo of age (P less than 0.005). Native DNA binding at 6 mo of age was 23.9 +/- 14.7 vs. 10.1 +/- 9.7% in the beef and menhaden oil groups, respectively (P less than 0.01). Weights were similar in all groups, and there was no evidence of essential fatty acid deficiency in any group. These results demonstrate that a diet high in EPA protects NZB x NZW F1 mice from the development of glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7263865 TI - What constitutes a pediatric illness? PMID- 7263866 TI - Methylphenidate-induced hallucinosis: case histories and possible mechanisms of action. AB - Published reports of toxic hallucinosis during treatment with methylphenidate are rare. Two cases are described and it is suggested that methylphenidate-induced hallucinosis is more common than has been appreciated. Symptoms may be understood in terms of dose-related effects at pre- and postsynaptic receptors. Two other hypotheses that may clarify underlying mechanisms of action that produce toxic effects relate to (1) noradrenergic facilitation transmission of information in the visual pathway, and (2) interactions among brain monoamine systems. PMID- 7263867 TI - Intellectually limited parents. AB - Studies of the child-rearing competency of mentally retarded parents are few and based primarily on deinstitutionalized populations; results have been equivocal. A checklist devised to assess intellectual limitation in parents led to the identification of 45 families with an intellectually limited parent in the course of evaluations of 370 children in a pediatric development clinic. It became evident that the presence of a benefactor was crucial in enabling limited parents to meet community expectations. Identification of parental limitations is seen as a prerequisite to essential modifications in service delivery to both parents and children. PMID- 7263868 TI - Postpartum education: a pilot study of pediatric and maternal perceptions. AB - The postpartum period represents a time when families need and are most receptive to both support and factual information concerning the care and well-being of their infant. This pilot study explored and compared informational issues that mothers and health care providers considered essential to pediatricians' postpartum discussions with parents. Mothers (N = 25), pediatricians (N = 15), pediatric residents (N = 12), and nurses (N = 20) assigned rankings to informational issues generated by their respective peers. Although there were some congruencies, consumer and provider expectations and priorities did not always coincide. In addition, observations of 14 postpartum counseling sessions revealed discrepancies between pediatricians' stated priorities and actual interview content. It is suggested that the priorities found in this study can be used in developing a curriculum for residents and students in the area of postpartum education and counseling. PMID- 7263869 TI - The physician's approach to bowel training. PMID- 7263870 TI - Differentiation of schizophrenics with and without brain damage using the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking. AB - Assessed the efficacy of the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking, Form A, in differentiating schizophrenics with and without brain damage. Two groups of 26 state hospital residents each were selected on the basis of evidence of schizophrenia and (or lack of evidence) of brain damage. Results indicated that at least one subtest, total time, and Index significantly discriminated between groups. Additionally, a cut-off index reliably discriminated schizophrenics with brain damage. Discussed were implications for diagnosis and treatment of the populations examined as well as the relationship between brain dysfunction and cognitive processes of schizophrenia. PMID- 7263871 TI - Logical reasoning deficits in schizophrenia and brain damage. AB - Von Domarus and Arieti have theorized that failure to reason by conventional logical rules is at the root of schizophrenic thought disorder, but the available research on this view is inconclusive. We compared the performance of schizophrenics (N = 100), brain-damaged patients (N = 50) and psychiatric controls (N = 50) on closely matched measures of Overexpansive and "Von Domarus" (similarity implies identity) syllogistic reasoning errors. Before the samples were matched for education and intelligence, the brain-damaged and schizophrenic patients made more Overexpansive errors than the controls, but the Von Domarus error difference was not significant. After matching, both differences were nonsignificant. The results indicate that inability to use syllogistic reasoning properly is probably not the root cause of schizophrenic thought disorder. PMID- 7263872 TI - Long-term neuropsychological deficits after traumatic head injury with comatosis. AB - Studied neuropsychological deficits in a population who had sustained traumatic head injuries of the concussive type. Experimental Ss were 48 adults who had been comatose and hospitalized during the 3-year period that preceded the study. Control Ss (N = 16) had been hospitalized due to other types of injuries and had not been comatose. Ss were recalled and administered the Halstead-Reitan Battery, Trail Making Test, WAIS, and various questionnaires. Significant differences between experimental and control Ss were found that indicated persistence of neuropsychological dysfunctions. Groups of Ss who had sustained long comas performed more poorly than those who had short comas, which indicated that duration of coma was an important factor. PMID- 7263873 TI - Attitudes and perceptions of perinatal concepts during pregnancy in women from three cultures. AB - Interviewed Black-American, White-Anglo, and Cuban-Hispanic women (N = 126) during pregnancy and the puerperium in a longitudinal study of perinatal attitudes. Cultural differences emerged for the attitude toward Pregnancy, and differences across time emerged for the perception of activity of Unborn (Newborn) Baby. Such cultural and psychological factors need to be considered in the development of comprehensive prenatal care programs. PMID- 7263874 TI - Mental illness in minority women. AB - Explored whether psychiatric diagnostic differences exist between male and female, black, white and Hispanic-American patients seen in the Department of Psychiatry/Community Mental Health Center of a major hospital in the South Bronx, New York. Admission data on almost 2,000 patients furnished demographic and diagnostic characteristics of the patients. Sex and ethnic differences were found. Suggestions are offered as to why various subpopulations are perceived differently. PMID- 7263875 TI - Behavioral assessment of peer interaction and social functioning in institutional and structured settings. AB - Observed 18 children in a short-term psychiatric facility over a 5-month period using a peer interaction coding system. The direct behavioral observation method was adapted and revised from existing scales to increase reliability and efficiency for use by institutional staff. Response codes included Adaptive Peer Interaction, Maladaptive Peer Interaction, Solitary Independent Play, and Response to Staff. Reliability was assessed on 35% of the total coded intervals, which yielded an overall reliability coefficient of 94.3%. In addition, reliability coefficients were calculated for each individual component behavior, an extremely important but often ignored statistic, and all yielded reliabilities greater than 90%. Normative rates for children on the psychiatric unit also are presented, and discussion is provided concerning the application of this coding system in clinics, schools, and institutional settings. PMID- 7263876 TI - Rogers, Lazarus, and Shostrom in content analysis. AB - Subjected Shostrom's films of Rogers, Lazarus, and Shostrom working with the patient, Cathy to a content analysis using the system developed by Zimmer and Cowles. Differences in verbal activity on the part of both the therapist and patient were noted, which seem consistent with the principles of the various therapies. PMID- 7263878 TI - Alleviation of performance deficits of depression through thermal biofeedback training. AB - Explored thermal biofeedback as a method of reducing performance deficits associated with depression. A depressed and nondepressed control group and a depressed group given pretreatment with biofeedback were (N = 30) compared on their performance on an escape/avoidance task. As predicted by the learned helplessness model of depression, depressed controls showed significantly poorer performance than both other groups. The depressed biofeedback and nondepressed control groups did not differ from one another. Implications for alleviation of depression are discussed. PMID- 7263877 TI - Effects of rational-emotive therapy on psychophysiological and reported measures of test anxiety arousal. AB - Developed audio taped lectures, taped therapy session models, and homework assignments designed to reduce irrational beliefs associated with test anxiety within Ellis' rational-emotive therapy (RET) approach. The initial sample consisted of 148 university students. Comparisons with an attention placebo counseling program, which was established to be equally credible by a post experiment inquiry and a no-treatment group found the RET Ss to show significantly lower skin conductance responses to a test anxiety visualization and lower reported anxiety on a questionnaire. However, skin conductance responses to an alternative test anxiety visualization did not show treatment effects. PMID- 7263879 TI - Imagery as an aid in reducing depression. AB - Hypothesized that encouraging depressed Ss to attend to nondepressive daydreams could reduce their level of depression. Ss were selected on the basis of their scores on the Beck Depression Inventory from a pool of 350 Ss administered the Inventory. Ss were assigned to one of four groups: A no treatment control group, neutral daydreams, positive daydreams, and daydreams developed by the individual and the E. Each S in the treatment groups met with the E once a week for 3 weeks. Ss were instructed to practice each daydream at least twice daily. All measures were readministered the week following the last session. The change toward decreased depression was significant (p less than .01) for the three treatment groups, and the control group was not significant (p greater than .01). Level of depression can be decreased by diverting depressed Ss' attention from depressed themes to alternative daydreams. PMID- 7263880 TI - Ethnicity and psychiatric diagnosis. AB - Examined diagnostic differences between black, white, and Hispanic-American patients (N = 1968) seen in psychiatric outpatient clinics of a large hospital in the South Bronx. Distribution of diagnoses also was compared statistically in relation to the diagnostician's ethnicity. Results indicated statistical differences between the patient's ethnicity and psychiatric diagnosis, as well as interactions between the therapists' ethnicity and these variables. Implications of the findings were discussed, and suggestions were offered for future research. PMID- 7263881 TI - How valid are the subscales of the Multiscore Depression Inventory? AB - Investigated subscales of the Multiscore Depression Inventory for construct and concurrent validity. A hierarchical cluster analysis based on the responses of 263 students provided support for the construct validity of Irritability, Energy Level, Guilt, Instrumental Helplessness, Social Introversion, and Cognitive Difficulty. The separation of Low Self-Esteem and Pessimism was supported only partially, while Learned Helplessness and Sad Mood combined in a single cluster. The graph-theoretic advantages of the cluster analysis permitted speculation about the relationship among the subscales. Factor-analytic examination of the same data demonstrated comparable evidence of construct validity for most scales. Concurrent validity was demonstrated on a sample of 89 students, with significant relationships obtained for all subscales with respective criterion measures, with the exception of Learned Helplessness, which had a low, but significant, correlation with its criterion. Discriminant validity was demonstrated by low correlations between the subscales and socially desirable responses. PMID- 7263882 TI - Sex-ratio and gender differences in depression in an unselected adult population. AB - Self-administered the Beck Depression Inventory and a demographic questionnaire anonymously to 275 adults, 105 males and 170 females, in an extension of the self report technique previously used with university students. Neither sex-ratio nor gender differences in depression were found, similar to the pattern found among university students. No demographic variable was correlated significantly with depression. The present findings are considered in terms of methodological differences between studies. It is concluded that the lack of sex-ratio and gender differences is explained best by the fact that the present methodology eliminated face-to-face interviews, which may expose males to greater negative repercussions for exhibiting depressed behavior. PMID- 7263883 TI - Three measures of death anxiety: birth order effects and concurrent validity. AB - Investigated the concurrent validity of three measures of death anxiety and the effect of birth order on death anxiety as measured by each of the scales. Ss were 100 undergraduate students at a large, private, midwestern university. Results showed significant intercorrelations (p less than .001) among the three scales; only one scale (Templer) differentiated first-born and only children from later born children. The former had higher death anxiety scores (p less than .05). PMID- 7263884 TI - Computer and manual administration of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. AB - Administered mental health patients (10 outpatients and 8 inpatients) the Eysenck Personality Inventory using computerized and manual format. In a cross-over, counterbalanced design scores for the three EPI scales did not differ between administrations. Test-retest reliability between forms was high and comparable to previous reliability reported for the manual form. It was suggested that automation of routine testing procedures may be a viable and economical alternative to traditional methods. PMID- 7263885 TI - Split-half and test-retest Hand Test reliabilities for pathological samples. AB - Computed split-half and test-retest reliabilities for some major Hand Test scoring categories for a group of 100 Ss of mixed psychopathology. All correlations were significant; the rs ranged from "modest" to "high.' Withdrawal, the most serious of all indices of psychopathology, showed the most consistency across both split-half and test-retest formats. Results were interpreted as lending credence to Hand Test rationale. Reliabilities appear high enough to justify the clinical use of the technique. PMID- 7263886 TI - Empirical descriptors of unelevated MMPI profiles among chronic pain patients: a typological approach. AB - The task of the clinician in evaluating the possible role of psychological factors in patients' pain disability is a most difficult one. This task becomes even more arduous when confronted with unelevated MMPI profiles from patients in whom physical findings are minimal or absent. The current study employs a multivariate, quantitative taxonomic procedure to delineate homogeneous subgroupings of chronic pain patients who meet this criterion. Subsequent analysis of base rate data for subgroups across a broad range of pain-related variables provide an actuarial basis of assessment of psychological factors within this population. Results indicate that of five subtypes identified, only one group of patients, who comprise 9% of the total sample, are likely to be free of significant psychological components in their pain behavior. Implications for clinical interpretation and future research are discussed. PMID- 7263887 TI - Actuarial detection and description of brain impairment with the W-B form I. AB - In conjunction with other psychological tests, actuarial prediction studies have used the adult Wechsler scales to detect and describe the nature of brain impairment. However, the classification base rates from the independent use of the adult Wechsler scales have not been determined empirically. This investigation addressed this problem by assessing the ability of these scales to identify the presence, chronicity, extent, and lateralization of brain impairment through four cross-validated discriminant functions (N = 150). Hit rates from the function that differentiated nonpsychotic nonimpaired from brain-impaired Ss equalled 79%, while hit rates that equalled 75% were obtained from a function that compared right- from left-hemisphere lesioned Ss. Hit rates equalled 50% for the two functions that made acute vs. chronic and lateralized vs. diffusely impaired comparisons, respectively. In addition to cross-validating them on larger samples, it was recommended that the clinical utility of the functions be determined though a clinical-actuarial prediction paradigm. PMID- 7263888 TI - Clinical-actuarial detection and description of brain impairment with the W-B form I. AB - Assessed the clinical utility of four cross-validated discriminant functions derived on Wechsler-Bellevue (W-B) variables (Leli & Filskov, 1981) through a clinical-actuarial prediction paradigm. These functions were constructed to be actuarial indices of the presence, chronicity, extent, and lateralization of brain impairment. From W-B and demographic data gathered on brain-impaired and nonimpaired individuals, 6 students and 6 clinicians were asked to identify the presence and describe the nature of brain impairment with (Clinical-Actuarial condition) and without (Clinical Judgment condition) the four functions. Relative to the Clinical Judgment condition, Clinical-actuarial prediction was significantly better in identifying and determining the extent of brain impairment. Actuarial classification was significantly more superior in lateralizing deficits than were the other conditions. In both judgment conditions, students and clinicians did not differ significantly in classification accuracy. These results indicate that with actuarial indices, the adult Wechsler scales can be used accurately to identify and lateralize brain impairment. PMID- 7263890 TI - WAIS prediction for an older clinical population using the Quick Test. AB - Data were analyzed to estimate WAIS Full Scale IQs from Quick Test scores. Ss were 26 mental health center patients ranging in age from 46 to 78 years (X = 58.46, SD = 8.78). In predicting WAIS Full Scale IQs, Quick Test Form 3 age corrected and uncorrected scores accounted for 66 and 70% of the variance respectively (p less than .001). Two- and three-variable regression models did not yield meaningful increases in variance. Quick Test Form 3 is recommended when a brief measure of intellectual functioning for an aged clinical population is needed. PMID- 7263889 TI - Effects of non-focal brain dysfunction on visual memory. AB - Investigated the effects of non-focal brain damage on visual memory abilities with a sample of 114 Ss with confirmed brain-dysfunction and 71 controls who completed the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test. In contrast, to the findings of earlier studies of patients with focal brain-damage, right-hemisphere lesioned Ss could not be discriminated from left-hemisphere lesioned Ss on the basis of impaired visual recall. All three brain-damaged groups, however, performed more poorly than the control group in both the copy and recall phases of the task. Age and intelligence also were found to be related inversely to task performance. Implications of these data for clinical neuropsychological assessment are discussed. PMID- 7263892 TI - The test-retest reliability of the McCarthy Screening Test. AB - Examined the test-retest reliability of the MST. Ss were 971 5- and 6-year-olds, who were tested early in the school year. Those "at risk" on the first test were retested 4 to 10 weeks later (N = 276). Obtained reliability coefficients for the six subtests ranged from .30 to .83. A comparison of the results with the statistics reported in the test manual was made, and it was concluded that the MST is not stable enough to be used alone to identify children with potential learning problems. PMID- 7263893 TI - A content analysis of the data presented at special education placement team meetings. AB - Conducted two studies to ascertain the kinds of information presented and discussed at special education placement team meetings. Both studies used naturalistic observation methodologies. In study 1 it was demonstrated that teams spend twice as much time discussing academic information as time spent discussing behavioral information. Almost no time was spent discussing physical or medical data. In study 2 we looked at the specific kinds of assessment data presented and discussed. Nearly all of the meetings were devoted primarily to presentation and discussion of classroom data, scores on achievement tests, and scores on intelligence tests. PMID- 7263891 TI - Predicting WAIS scores from Quick Test scores for mentally retarded psychiatric patients. AB - Investigated Quick Test prediction of WAIS Full Scale IQs for a psychiatric population (N = 19) who were also mentally retarded. One- and two-variable regression equations produced nonsignificant results and accounted for only 11% and 15% of the variance. Caution is advised when the Quick Test is used as an estimate of IQ for mentally retarded psychiatric individuals. PMID- 7263894 TI - Verbosity and projective test performance in the aged. AB - Using normative data collected by Hayslip (1980) where form A of the Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT) was administered to 102 elderly adults, aged 59-94, correlational and factor analyses were carried out in order to investigate the extent to which response length (RL), as previously identified in HIT research with younger age samples, influences HIT scores. RL correlated significantly with HIT scores for 14 of 22 variables and loaded on two factors: A bodily integrity/vulnerability factor, and a cognitive problem-solving factor. While no differences in RL across sex and level of education were obtained, within-sample age effects (in favor of the younger) for RL were found. Implications of these data for the projective assessment of older persons were discussed. PMID- 7263895 TI - The use of objectively scorable House-Tree-Person indicators to establish child abuse. AB - Conducted a study to determine whether the House-Tree-Person Test might be used as a means to identify physically abused children. Protocols of 32 abused children, 32 nonabused but disturbed children, and 45 apparently very well adjusted children were examined for the presence of 15 objectively scorable items that emerged as good potential discriminators from a pilot study of 60 children. Results of several statistical analyses indicated (a) that items taken individually discriminate strongly between abused and well-adjusted children, but not between abused and nonabused but disturbed children; and (b) that items used collectively, specifically a 6-item test that comprised the 6 most discriminating individual items, discriminate reasonably well between abused children and both of the other two groups. Based on these results, this 6-item test is proposed for use by child care professionals in attempting to identify abused children. PMID- 7263896 TI - Differentiating violent and nonviolent prison inmates by use of selected MMPI scales. AB - Used multivariate procedures to determine whether prisoners who committed violent acts while in prison could be differentiated from those who did not. Ss were 141 adult male inmates in maximum security prisons. Multiple variable profile analysis that employed 22 MMPI scales and four demographic items significantly differentiated between violet and nonviolent inmates. Discriminant analysis that used all 26 variables yielded a significant root that accounted for 34.9% of the variance between violent and nonviolent inmates. The MMPI scales that contributed most to prediction of group membership were F, PA, PT, and SC, all of which had discriminant load values above .40. Finally, a discriminant function prediction equation was derived to predict the criterion variable (violent or nonviolent behavior). Applying this equation without knowledge of the S's actual group membership correctly classified 72.9% of the violent and 80.6% of the nonviolent inmates. PMID- 7263897 TI - A factor analytic study of the demographic characteristics of incarcerated females. AB - Produced 10 identifiable factors in a factor analytic study of demographic and behavioral variables on female (N = 100) inmates of an adult correctional facility in the South. While the items were those frequently cited as contributory--abuse, neglect, etc.--they did not cluster as expected, but took on a more unitary structure, except for behavioral data from the interviews that were highly interrelated either positively or negatively. PMID- 7263898 TI - Survey of professional education in ethics in clinical psychology internship programs. AB - Attempted to assess the extent to which clinical psychology internship programs offer professional education in ethical standards. While almost 80% of the programs offer such training, less than half of these provide a formal, systematic, and comprehensive learning experience. Many of the programs only provide a limited exposure to ethical standards that occurs on an informal basis as issues emerge in supervision. All but two of the programs that do not offer training in ethical standards reported that this was the primary responsibility of the clinical psychology graduate school program. The immediate implementation of formal training in ethical standards is needed urgently. PMID- 7263899 TI - An empirical approach to insanity evaluations. AB - Described the development of the Rogers Criminal Responsibility Assessment Scales (RCRAS) as an empirically based testing procedure specifically designed for use in insanity evaluations. A pretest of the RCRAS that employed 10 case vignettes and a preliminary study of 25 patients are reported. Initial results indicated that the RCRAS has satisfactory interrater reliability and successfully discriminated between those patients evaluated as sane and insane. Results of the discriminant analysis, MANOVA, and factor analysis are discussed with reference to the RCRAS' construct validity and the need for further extensive studies. PMID- 7263901 TI - Progressive renal failure in surgically treated hyperparathyroidism. AB - Of 570 patients operated on for hyperparathyroidism, 18 subsequently died (between one day and 12 yr after operation). Pathological findings at necropsy in these patients have been reviewed. Four necropsies on patients with untreated hyperparathyroidism have also been reviewed for comparison. Of these 22 cases, 14 had renal failure at the time of death. This was attributed to the following: nephrocalcinosis 6; chronic glomerulonephritis 4; analgesic nephropathy 1; cystinuria 1; sarcoidosis 1; and polycystic disease 1. Of those with renal failure due to nephrocalcinosis, three had persistent hypercalcaemia after operation; the other three survived only for a short time. There was no evidence of residual nephrocalcinosis producing progressive renal failure if the plasma calcium concentration was corrected. In those with chronic glomerulonephritis, cystinuria, and polycystic disease, the hyperparathyroidism was considered to be tertiary to the renal disease but renal failure was not always present at the time of diagnosis. PMID- 7263900 TI - Evaluation of a new sensitive nitrite test as a reliable screening tool for bacteriuria. AB - A new sensitive nitrite test, the SRN test, was evaluated for its suitability as a reliable screening technique for the detection of bacteriuria. The SRN test was compared to a currently available nitrite test, the Microstix nitrite test, and the results obtained with both nitrite tests were assessed in comparison with the results of the quantitative culture method. Of 158 cases of significant bacteriuria found among 1060 randomly collected specimens, the SRN test detected 90% and the Microstix nitrite test, 30%. The higher reliability of the SRN test reflects its high capability of nitrite detection (greater than or equal to 0.1 ppm), and its ability to overcome interference by various factors, such as dark colour of the urine, presence of phenazopyridine, urobilinogen, blood, high concentration of ascorbate, and high urinary pH, all of which do interfere with the Microstix nitrite test. The high sensitivity of the SRN test allows detection of bacteriuria in urine specimens collected at random throughout the day; the test is therefore not restricted to the use of first-morning samples as are other nitrite tests. Since the SRN test was found to give a quantitative indication of the size of the bacterial population, the possibility of its use as an exact quantitative test under controlled conditions its discussed. PMID- 7263902 TI - Prognostic value of measurement of elastosis in breast carcinoma. AB - The extent of elastosis in the stroma within the anatomical "tumour" in 80 patients with breast carcinoma was assessed by observational microscopy using a 4 point grading system, and measured by semiautomated histometry as an area percentage with a Quantimet 720 image-analysing computer. In this retrospective study, measurement of elastosis in tissue removed at time of initial diagnosis was shown to have little value for prediction of duration of survival. PMID- 7263903 TI - Gastritis and cirrhosis--no association. AB - Endoscopically sited gastric mucosal biopsies were taken from 98 patients with hepatic cirrhosis, and from 48 control patients. Nineteen patients with cirrhosis were found to have gastric ulcers, including eight with multiple erosions. In four of these eight, erosions were shown to arise in histologically normal mucosa. Among the remaining 79 patients with cirrhosis, the prevalence of chronic gastritis was not increased compared with controls of the same age-group. There was no increase in chronic gastritis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared with either controls or patients with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis. The increased proneness of patients with cirrhosis to acute and chronic gastric mucosal lesions cannot be explained on the basis of an underlying chronic gastritis. PMID- 7263904 TI - Hepatic artery involvement in polymyalgia arteritica. AB - Disturbances of liver function tests are common in polymyalgia arteritica, but the underlying liver lesion has not been defined. We report a patient who was demonstrated to have a giant cell arteritis involving both the hepatic and temporal arteries, and we discuss the possibility that such an arteritis involving the hepatic arteries is responsible for the abnormalities of liver function seen in this condition. PMID- 7263906 TI - Zinc acetate as a precipitant of unstable haemoglobins. AB - Whereas the addition of four moles of zinc acetate to one of normal human haemoglobin at pH 7.4 results in a clear solution, addition to unstable haemoglobin results in precipitate formation. Within certain limits no false positive results are obtained with methaemoglobin, and with fetal haemoglobin. With excess zinc, normal haemoglobin also precipitates, but this process is reversible and can be used for a rapid concentration of dilute solutions of normal haemoglobin. PMID- 7263905 TI - Placental involvement in congenital neuroblastoma. AB - We describe two cases of congenital neuroblastoma involving the placenta and review previously reported cases. The placentae in congenital neuroblastoma have a bulky, hydropic appearance, and contain tumour cells which are confined to the fetal circulation. The tumour emboli are not macroscopically identifiable. Pathophysiological mechanisms of placental involvement by fetal and maternal malignancies are considered. The rarity of this lesion may be artefactual, and may result from failure to examine grossly enlarged placentae in cases of stillbirth and hydrops fetalis. Congenital malignancy must be considered in the differential diagnosis of an abnormally large placenta. PMID- 7263908 TI - Computerised graphic representation of clinical chemistry results. PMID- 7263907 TI - Malonaldehyde formation is not a suitable screening test to detect oxidation in human neutrophils. AB - The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay for measuring malonaldehyde (MDA) has been applied to many tissues as a simple means of detecting oxidative damage and prostaglandin synthesis. Human neutrophils, cells known to produce prostaglandins and toxic metabolites of oxygen, were studied to determine if this assay could provide a suitable, rapid, screening test to recognise states of metabolic activation, to monitor prostaglandin synthesis, or to identify the presence of oxidative damage. Malonaldehyde could not be detected after a variety of manipulations. Thus, it seems unlikely that the thiobarbituric acid assay, as performed here, will be useful for evaluating oxidative damage in human neutrophils. PMID- 7263909 TI - Hepatitis B virus markers on dried blood spots. A new tool for epidemiological research. PMID- 7263910 TI - Plasma electrolytes in dangerous infectious diseases. PMID- 7263912 TI - Clinical significance of an ultrafast alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. PMID- 7263911 TI - Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and rheumatoid arthritis--coincidental? PMID- 7263913 TI - Hydrochlorothiazide-induced 131I excretion facilitated by salt and water. AB - Salt intake is restricted under clinical conditions for which thiazide diuretics are customarily used. Dietary iodide intake offsets any effect of thiazide on iodide loss. However, our correlation coefficients relating Na+ to Cl- to I- excretion indicate that as thiazide administration or sodium chloride intake increases renal Na+ and Cl- excretion, I- reabsorption by the nephron coordinately decreases. Increased sodium chloride and water intake by the dog doubled I-excretion rates. Hydrochlorothiazide increased the sodium chloride and water enhanced I-excretion rate as much as eight-fold. Without added NaCl, hydrochlorothiazide increased the excretion rate of 131I by three- to eightfold, acutely. Within five to seven days after 131I oral administration, hydrochlorothiazide (1 or 2 mg/kg twice daily) doubled the rate of 131I disappearance from plasma, reduced the fecal output of 131I, and increased its rate of renal excretion. When hydrochlorothiazide was administered, as much 131I was excreted in the first 24 hours as occurred in 48 hours when sodium chloride and water were given without hydrochlorothiazide. Thiazide administration in customary clinical dosage twice a day with substantial sodium chloride and water for the first two days after exposure to 131I, should therefore facilitate the safe excretion of 131I. This accelerated removal of 131I might be enhanced even more if thyroid uptake of 131I is blocked by administration of potassium iodide, as judged by the greater 131I recovery from thyroidectomized dogs. PMID- 7263915 TI - An overview of clinical pharmacy and clinical pharmacology. AB - The relationship between clinical pharmacy and clinical pharmacology can best be assessed by looking at the three major responsibilities of these related professional disciplines--research, education, and patient care. Clinical pharmacologists will continue to dominate clinical research, but clinical pharmacists will continue to expand their contributions in all types of research. Clinical pharmacists are beginning to assume responsibility for providing training in rational therapeutics to medical students and house staff and, because of their greater numbers, probably will ultimately have a greater influence than clinical pharmacologists in this area. Similarly, clinical pharmacists appear to have greater influence on day-to-day patient care than clinical pharmacologists. Successful pursuit of all of these activities by clinical pharmacists assumes a continuing supply of well-trained practitioners. However, many pharmacy schools do not provide adequate classroom and bedside training. This is an unfortunate trend that seems to be accelerating as many schools convert from baccalaureate to doctoral entry degree programs without adequate clinical faculty and teaching hospital facilities. PMID- 7263914 TI - Comparison of the inotropic and chronotropic effects of metoprolol and propranolol. AB - The cardiovascular responses to intravenous doses of isoproterenol were measured in eight male volunteers before and during administration of 50 mg metoprolol, orally every 6 hours and 40 mg propranolol, orally every 6 hours for a total of five doses. The dose of isoproterenol required to produce an increase in heart rate of 25 beats/min (the ID25) was 2.0 +/- 1.4 microgram before beta blockade, 6.2 +/- 4.4 microgram during metoprolol, and 44.4 +/- 12.0 microgram during propranolol administration. Similar changes in diastolic blood pressure, QS2I, preejection period, and preejection period/left ventricular ejection time ratio occurred at the ID25 during treatment with both metoprolol and propranolol. In volunteers, propranolol produces a much more intense blockade of the inotropic and chronotropic effects of isoproterenol than does metoprolol. PMID- 7263916 TI - The clinical pharmacist and research. AB - The question of whether or not clinical pharmacists are capable of performing meaningful research is addressed by reviewing the qualifications necessary for anyone to pursue an independent research career and by examining the current education and training of most clinical pharmacists. The types of research which appear to be best suited for clinical pharmacists include preclinical or clinical evaluations of basic science principles potentially affecting the therapeutic use of drugs in man, or the evaluation of clinical characteristics which alter the response to drugs in routine clinical use. It is concluded that clinical pharmacists with the appropriate postgraduate training and/or experience are capable of conducting meaningful research, and this is documented by current literature citations. PMID- 7263918 TI - Symposium: Rational drug therapy for the practicing family physician--a challenge to meet. PMID- 7263917 TI - The role of the clinical pharmacist in the institutional setting. AB - The role of the clinical pharmacist in the institutional setting has been expanding at an ever increasing rate. His role as a clinical consultant with the rounding team has become firmly established. This is supplemented with rational product selection utilizing a hospital formulary. Both clinical pharmacokinetics and nutrition are services that benefit the patient directly in his inpatient environment. Toxicology and drug information provided directly to the consumer has also become accepted. Services provided to institution-wide committees allow a comprehensive understanding of the selection, delivery, and follow-up of medication administration to the patient. Many of these services described have become reimbursable by third-party carriers and other appropriate agencies. As other services are reimbursed, the role of the clinical pharmacist will expand beyond the limited scopes discussed in this paper. PMID- 7263919 TI - Role of the clinical pharmacologist in meeting the educational needs of the primary care physician. AB - Delivery of education in better therapeutics to physicians is more difficult because many physicians develop a false sense of confidence in their prescribing expertise. It is difficult for physicians to realize that remedies relied on for years may be inferior to the best that can now be offered. Epidemiological studies of drug usage provide information that the medical profession follows an irrational path in certain therapies. Correction of faulty prescribing habits can best be achieved by laws mandating specific corrective courses with proper evaluation of effectiveness. PMID- 7263921 TI - Drug information needs and solutions for general family practitioners. PMID- 7263920 TI - The need for a longitudinal plan in teaching clinical pharmacology. PMID- 7263922 TI - Practical aspects of presenting information to practicing physicians. PMID- 7263923 TI - What the practicing family physician needs. PMID- 7263924 TI - The case control or retrospective study in retrospect. AB - The epidemiologic case control design is described background information on its resurgence in popularity despite historical criticisms by its detractors. Weaknesses charged to the design by Feinstein and others such as its potential for recall bias in the use of retrospective data. Neyman's case selection bias, and the diagnostic suspicion bias are analyzed and shown to affect both the cohort incidence design and the clinical trial design as well as the case control. PMID- 7263925 TI - Hepatic microsomal induction in rat liver: heterogeneity of response. AB - The concept that urinary 6-hydroxycortisol excretion patterns reflect all microsomal enzyme activities remains a subject of controversy. Three different microsomal hydroxylase activities were therefore studied in rat liver after the animals were intoxicated with alcohol, phenobarbital, or a combination thereof. The activities of pentobarbital hydroxylase, aniline hydroxylase, and cortisol 6 hydroxylase (the enzyme metabolizing cortisol to 6-hydroxycortisol) were assayed simultaneously after each treatment. A heterogeneity of enzyme activities was noted. Cortisol 6-hydroxylase activity did not parallel the activity patterns of the two other hydroxylases. The data suggest that before urinary 6 hydroxycortisol excretion patterns can be utilized as an index of microsomal enzyme induction, the effect of the specific drug on individual cytochrome P-450 hydroxylases is required. PMID- 7263926 TI - The effect of obesity on acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in man. AB - This study examined the absorption and disposition of orally administered acetaminophen in morbidly obese patients as compared to subjects of normal weight, and possible changes in disposition as the patients underwent weight reduction through dietary modification. The overall disposition of acetaminophen was not affected by a weight loss of 8 to 30 kg; elimination half-life, time to reach the peak, and peak plasma concentration varied within each subject but not in a systematic way. The half-life was the same in the obese patients (2.6 +/- 0.85 hours) and normal subjects (2.6 +/- 0.12 hours). However, maximum plasma concentrations were reached at a significantly later time and were significantly lower in the obese patients as compared to the normals, implying an apparently lower absorption rate. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve for the obese patients when normalized to ideal body weight was more consistent with that in the normal subjects than when normalized to total body weight. Administration of a normal dose of acetaminophen to an obese patient should yield plasma levels in the same range as persons of normal weight. As total weight may exceed 200 per cent of the ideal weight in this patient group, dosing according to total rather than ideal weight could lead to toxic or lethal effects when using the 10 mg/kg dosing recommendation. PMID- 7263927 TI - Effect of obesity on gentamicin pharmacokinetics. AB - The effect of obesity on gentamicin disposition was studied in 60 obstetric and gynecologic patients receiving treatment for Gram-negative infections. Thirty patients whose body weights were within 20 per cent of their ideal body weight were the control group. Thirty additional patients had body weights at least 30 per cent greater than ideal body weight and were the obese group. The two groups had similar ages, heights, ideal body weights (IBW), lean body weights (LBW), and elimination rates of gentamicin. The distribution volumes, expressed as liters or standardized to ideal body weight, lean body weight, or total body weight, were significantly different in the controls from those in obese patients. The distribution volume averaged (+/- S.D.) 0.19 +/- 0.06 1./kg in controls. The contribution of excess weight to additional drug volume averaged (+/- S.D.) 0.05 +/- 0.161./kg. Excess weight thus contributes less volume per kilogram than ideal body weight or lean body weight. A substantial interpatient variability existed in the measured distribution volume for all groups. Measuring serum concentrations and adjusting a patient's dosage regimen are imperative to ensure therapeutic serum concentrations. PMID- 7263928 TI - Pilot study on bioavailability of coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin upon peroral administration of coumarin in a sustained-release dosage form. AB - Prolonged-release tablets containing coumarin were compared to intravenous and peroral administration of coumarin solution in man. Unchanged coumarin, the Phase 1 metabolite 7-hydroxycoumarin, and the Phase II metabolite 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide were determined in whole blood. Upon peroral administration, only approximately 1 per cent coumarin was found unchanged in the systemic circulation. However, the amount of the glucuronide found indicates complete absorption with extensive first-pass effect. When the prolonged-release dosage form was compared to the peroral solution, the extent of bioavailability of coumarin was 35 per cent, whereas the 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide was totally available. This supports the hypothesis that coumarin might be a prodrug and 7 hydroxycoumarin the active moiety. The drug liberation of coumarin from the sustained-release tablets follows first-order kinetics. A linear correlation was found between per-cent of drug released in vitro and the area under the concentration-time curve, AUC (O-t), of total 7-hydroxycoumarin (7HC + 7HCG). PMID- 7263929 TI - The assessment of the intrasubject variability in digoxin absorption in man from two oral dosage forms. AB - The reproducibility of drug absorption within a given subject as well as the evaluation of bioavailability of two digoxin dosage forms were studied. The data showed (a) a higher initial plasma digoxin concentration after the soft elastic gelatin (SEG) capsule; (b) a more irregular absorption after the tablet; (c) on the average, the coefficients of variation of individual plasma concentrations were lower after the capsule; and (d) for the capsule, the intrasubject variations of the peak plasma concentrations, time of peak, area under plasma concentrations-versus-time curve (AUC), and amount digoxin excreted in urine (Ae) were on the average 60 per cent of the variations in the tablet parameters. The ratios of AUC and Ae for capsule/tablet were essentially unity, indicating that the amount digoxin absorbed from the 0.4-mg digoxin SEG capsule is identical to that from a 0.5-mg standard reference tablet. PMID- 7263931 TI - Multidose/observational, comparative clinical analgetic evaluation of buprenorphine. AB - Ninety-eight patients completed a double-blind, multidose, randomized parallel study in which buprenorphine (Temgesic) was compared to morphine. Drugs were administered at approximately equipotent intramuscular doses for a maximum of three days for the relief of moderate to severe postoperative pain. The two drugs exhibited similar profiles with pain relief evident at 1/2 hour, peaking at 1 hour, and decreasing to slight relief at 4-5 hours, with no significant differences for time to remedication. The most frequent side effect was somnolence. One patient suffered sudden chest pain shortly after an injection of morphine, and one patient had moderate hypoventilation after buprenorphine; both patients recovered uneventfully. Overall, both drugs provided good or excellent analgesia in 80 per cent of the patients in this unique multidose/observational study. Thus, these data and the reported lack of withdrawal symptoms and the absence of physical dependence liability suggest that buprenorphine may have a role in the management of chronic pain. PMID- 7263930 TI - Effect of probenecid on response to bumetanide in man. AB - We administered 0.5-and 1.0-mg doses of bumetanide intravenously to eight normal subjects with and without pretreatment with probenecid. Probenecid did not effect either the cumulative response or the time course of response of bumetanide. These results are in contrast to results reported in dogs but consistent with similar studies in cats. The data imply that probenecid and potentially other exogenous or endogenous organic acids do not affect the renal handling of bumetanide in normal man. PMID- 7263932 TI - Strategies for improving productive thinking in the language impaired adult. AB - The purpose of this article is to discuss a cognitive approach to therapy with a language impaired adult. Two types of productive thinking are explored in this research: concept awareness and problem solving. These are dynamic and creative processes underlying the development and use of cognition and language. This single subject study follows an ABAB design and describes techniques used in therapy and methods for measuring productive thinking in a 66-yr-old moderately language impaired adult. Results indicate a sharp increase in the subject's thought productivity in a variety of contexts. A critical appraisal of reasons for therapy effectiveness are given. PMID- 7263933 TI - The relative efficiency of two orders for training autistic children in the expressive and receptive use of manual signs. AB - Using simultaneous communication (speech plus gesture), each of four nonverbal autistic children were taught the receptive and expressive use of eight signed words. In a within-subject comparison, each child was taught four words expressively (signing) first and then receptively, and four other words receptively first and then expressively (signing). The results indicated (1) that it took fewer trials to teach expressive and receptive use when teaching was done in the order expressive then receptive; (2) the teaching of expressive use facilitated the learning of receptive use; (3) the teaching of receptive use interfered with the learning of expressive use; and (4) by the end of training, good receptive control by the spoken word alone, had developed. PMID- 7263934 TI - The efficacy of gestural cueing in dysphasic word-retrieval responses. AB - The effectiveness of visual--gestural cueing as compared with traditional auditory--verbal cueing was investigated using a time-series design. Eight dysphasic adults equally divided into a control and an experimental group were the subjects for this study. Results indicated no significant improvement in response times after an intensive 2-wk treatment period. Similarly, no single cue was observed to be more effective than others in eliciting dysphasic word retrieval responses. In contrast, there was a significant difference in the order in which different cues were presented. Findings indicated that regardless of cue type, the cue presented first was the most effective. The present discussion relates current findings to previous observations and reviews implications of the data for language rehabilitation in dysphasia. PMID- 7263935 TI - Speech-rhythm characteristics of client-centered, Gestalt, and rational-emotive therapy interviews. AB - The aim of this study was to discover whether client-centered, Gestalt, and rational-emotive psychotherapy interviews could be described and differentiated on the basis of quantitative measurement of their speech rhythms. These measures were taken from the sound portion of a film showing interviews by Carl Rogers, Frederick Perls, and Albert Ellis. The variables used were total session and percentage of speaking times, speaking turns, vocalizations, interruptions, inside and switching pauses, and speaking rates. The three types of interview had very distinctive patterns of speech-rhythm variables. These patterns suggested that Rogers's Client-centered therapy interview was patient dominated, that Ellis's rational-emotive therapy interview was therapist dominated, and that Perls's Gestalt therapy interview was neither therapist nor patient dominated. PMID- 7263936 TI - Developmental apraxia of speech and manual dexterity. AB - A quantitative test of fine motor function was used to compare the dexterity of the right and left hands of normal children and children with developmental apraxia of speech (DAS). The results suggest that the left cerebral hemisphere of children with DAS is not predominantly impaired in regard to motor control of the upper extremities. In neither female nor male children with DAS was the manual dexterity of the right hand less than that of the left. In female but not male children with DAS, manual dexterity of both hands was impaired when compared to the normal control groups. Therefore, DAS is probably not due to a congenital or an acquired defect in Broca's motor speech area or adjacent brain area of the left hemisphere. The basis of this conclusion is discussed. PMID- 7263937 TI - Correlation between visual--spatial ability and speechreading. AB - Evidence seems to exist that the ability to speechread correlates with visual spatial perceptual processing abilities. Using the Utley Speech Reading Test and the Revised Minnesota Paper Form Board Test results showed a significant correlation between the RMPFB Test and the ability to speechread words. Since the use of a static visual image correlated with the ability to speechread words, the ability to read connected speech may correlate to a kinetic visual-perceptual stimulus. Individual differences in visual-perceptual processing abilities may be a significant factor in explaining the ease or difficulty experienced by the hearing impaired to learn speechreading. PMID- 7263938 TI - Effects of phonetic distance on recognition of synthetic sentences. AB - Phonetic replacements for the syllable initial consonants and clusters of words in sentences were made according to the scale of phonetic distance devised by Black (Perceptual Differences Between Consonants. Columbus: The Ohio State University, 1974). The impact of such replacements upon the intelligibility of synthetically produced sentences was shown to be substantial. The regression of intelligibility over distance was strong, providing support for the construct validity of Black's scaling. PMID- 7263939 TI - Problems in retrospectively evaluating a large-scale health intervention program. AB - Some of the major problems encountered in retrospectively evaluating the effectiveness of ongoing community intervention programs, and some approaches to their solution, are illustrated through a detailed description of the methods employed to assess the performance of the Newark Childhood Lead Screening and Control Program between 1970 and 1976. A process analysis, along with a limited product analysis, provided some basis for judging the effectiveness of the intervention program, despite the absence of an a priori research design, the changing characteristics of the population screened, and the limitations to the measurements used to assess the impact of the program. Even through rigorous scientific control is often unattainable when evaluating community programs, some level of critical assessment of programs is needed to determine whether or not they merit continuing public support. PMID- 7263940 TI - Consumer participation and influence in a Health Systems Agency. AB - Consumer participation and influence were studied in one Health Systems Agency in the southeastern United States over a 20-month period (July 1976--February 1978). Consumer board members were found to be significantly less influential in agency decision making than were provider board members. This difference in influence existed even though virtually no difference existed between consumers' and providers' levels of participation. Consumer board members, while representing minority and nonminority, and both rural and nonrural groups, tended nevertheless also to be middle-class, middle-income individuals. Low-income and working-class groups were underrepresented on the board of the Health Systems Agency. Furthermore, consumer representatives tended to be satisfied with and have access to health care. PMID- 7263941 TI - The telephone in primary care. AB - This paper presents a review of the use of the telephone in primary care medicine. The telephone is available to a large majority of United States citizens, a situation that is unusual in other countries. Between 15 and 20% of all primary medical contacts in the United States occur on the telephone. Approximately 40% of routine office telephone contacts are administrative in nature, the remainder involving direct requests for advice or treatment. After office hours, requests for immediate medical advice constitute almost all of the calls (for both daytime and after hours calls). Close to 70% of the medical calls are managed solely by use of telephone. Although the telephone is effectively used for medical consultation, teaching and survey purposes, it has been shown that health professionals are protocols or specific training tends to improve performance, but such programs are not a regular part of medical education. PMID- 7263942 TI - Application of marketing principles to improve participation in public health program. AB - The application of marketing principles to develop a program aimed at increasing participation in a cervical screening program appears to be more effective than the use of sales techniques. Standard methods of promotion such as posters, direct mail, and flyers were generally ineffective. Direct personal contact produced the majority of program participants, and mass media approaches also resulted in significant participant response. A consumer orientation led to development of effective program features designed to satisfy specific consumer needs. Use of female health practitioners, for example, reduced cultural barriers to participation and insured adequate screening in Mexican-American populations. PMID- 7263943 TI - Identification and distribution of retinocollicular terminals in the cat: an electron microscopic autoradiographic analysis. AB - The electron microscopic (EM) autoradiographic method has been used to determine the size, distribution, and ultrastructure of retinocollicular axon terminals following intraocular injection of either (3H)-leucine or (3H)-proline. In the contralateral colliculus, retinal terminals are most numerous in the uppermost sublamina of the superficial grey, SGS1. The mean diameter of terminals in the contralateral SGS1 and SGS2 is 1.3 micron +/- 0.33, and 1.45 micron +/- 0.37, respectively. The mean diameter of terminals in the deepest contralateral sublamina, SGS3 (1.85 micron +/- 0.62), is significantly larger than the mean diameter of those in the contralateral SGS1 or SGS2. By contrast, the mean diameter of terminals in different sublayers of the ipsilateral superficial grey is relatively constant, ranging from 1.56 micron +/- 0.45 to 1.63 micron +/- 0.60. Most ipsilateral retinal terminals are located in the uppermost part of SGS2. It is postulated that there are two populations of retinal terminals in the superficial grey: a population of smaller terminals present in the contralateral SGS1 and SGS2, and a population of larger terminals present in the contralateral SGS3. Both populations appear to be present in the ipsilateral sublaminae. While all labeled retinocollicular terminals contain round vesicles and asymmetric membrane thickenings, two morphological features appear to be correlated with retinal terminal size: (1) the population of smaller retinal terminals more frequently contacts postsynaptic profiles containing scattered round vesicles; and (2) large, dense-core vesicles are more commonly associated with the presynaptic profiles of the population of larger terminals. A comparison of these morphological findings with available physiological data (Hoffman, '73; Fukuda and Stone, '74; McIlwain and Lufkin, '76 McIlwain, '78) suggests that the smaller terminals may be those of W-retinal ganglion cells, and the larger terminals those of Y-retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 7263944 TI - Time of cell origin and cell death in the avian dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. AB - Cessation of cell proliferation and cell death were studied in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus of the chick embryo, hatching, and adult. Most of the cells comprising the nucleus (94%) complete their final DNA synthesis on days 2 and 3 of incubation. There is a caudo-rostral gradient in the cessation of proliferation, with the caudalmost cells withdrawing from the cell cycle slightly in advance of the middle and rostral cells. Cell death in the dorsal motor nucleus results in a 21% loss of cells between days 8 and 12, and 37% loss by hatching. A caudo-rostral gradient was also present with respect to cell death, with more delayed and gradual cell loss occurring in the rostral region. The timing and spatial pattern of cell death may be related to the asynchronous innervation of the several targets of the nucleus. PMID- 7263945 TI - Postnatal histogenetic death of rat forelimb motoneurons. AB - Previous workers have reported a five fold decrease in motoneuron numbers occurring from birth to adulthood in the rat. It has also been reported that forelimb muscles receive connections from motoneurons in both ventral horns prior to day 14 of life in the rat and that the contralateral cells subsequently degenerate completely by day 21. In the present study, postnatal changes in motoneuron number and distribution within the ventral horn were studied in the rat using the technique of retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transport following intramuscular infusion of HRP into biceps brachii (BB). Peripheral nerves other than those to BB were sectioned and ligated to control for HRP diffusion. The spatial organization of BB motoneurons was compared in animals 9 14 days old and adult animals using computer 3-D reconstruction. This allowed observations of the BB motoneurons from a variety of perspectives in relationship to a number of spinal cord landmarks and avoided the necessity for transverse and horizontal sectioning of the cords in alternate animals. A decrease of 50-75% in the number of HRP filled motoneurons number was found from birth to adulthood (adults 98-150, neonates 172-243). The spatial arrangement of the BB motoneurons with regard to the root entry zones and other landmarks such as the dorsolateral convexity of the ventral horn, remains constant from birth to adulthood. No evidence was found to support the existence of inappropriate connections from motoneurons in either the ipsi or contralateral ventral horns of neonate rats. It is suggested that the comparatively small decreases in motoneurons postnatally could be a continuation of the histogenetic processes of cell death begun in utero and is related to the postnatal development of the central and peripheral connections of motoneurons. PMID- 7263946 TI - Connections of the ventroposterior nucleus of the thalamus with the body surface representations in cortical areas 3b and 1 of the cynomolgus macaque, (Macaca fascicularis). AB - The somatotopic pattern of the connections of the ventroposterior nucleus of the thalamus with the representations of the body surface in somatic cortical Areas 3b and 1 were investigated in macaque monkeys using the anatomical tracers horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and 3H-proline. These tracers, in combination or separately, were injected into one or more cortical sites, after the skin surface capable of activating neurons at each site had been defined with microelectrode mapping methods. These injection sites were later related to the overall organizations of the two cutaneous representations as determined in more extensive mapping experiments (Nelson et al, '80). Finally, zones of anterograde and retrograde label in the thalamus were located with reference to architectonically defined subnuclei in the ventroposterior nucleus (VP). The results led to the following conclusions. (1) Zones of cells in VP projecting to a given location in either Area 3b or 1 also receive reciprocal projections from the cortical target. (2) A given cortical location typically relates to a disc shaped or lamellar region in VP with the disc extending rostrocaudally and dorsoventrally, being most narrow in the mediolateral dimension. (3) The representations of the same body surface in Area 1 and Area 3b relate to the same region of VP. However, since fewer cells were generally labeled after Area 1 injections, less dense terminations are suggested from VP to Area 1 than to Area 3b. (4) VP is the major or exclusive relay of somatosensory information to the two cutaneous representations from the thalamus. Labeled neurons or zones of terminations were found outside VP in other parts of the somatosensory thalamus only when injection sites extended into cortex outside Areas 3b and 1. (5) The face, hand, limbs, and foot are represented in a mediolateral sequence of subnuclei within VP. A dorsal capping subnucleus is apparently largely devoted to the axial trunk and perhaps other hairy skin surfaces such as some parts of the proximal surfaces of the limbs. (6) While anterior and posterior surfaces of the hind limb are widely separated by the glabrous foot in the cortical representations, they appear to be represented in adjacent zones in the thalamus. PMID- 7263947 TI - Olivocerebellar projections to the pyramis and copula pyramidis in the rat: differential projections to parasagittal zones. AB - The organization of the olivocerebellar projection to the pyramis and copula pyramidis in the rat has been studied with the use of microinjections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). These injections were made in different mediolateral positions along the width of this lobule. The objective was to determine the subnuclear origin of parasagittal zones of olivary innervation. The results indicate that six zones of varying width can be distinguished, each of which receives a different olivary projection. Injections in the pyramis in succeedingly more lateral positions resulted in retrograde labeling of the lateral part of the caudal medial accessory olive (MAO), nucleus beta of the MAO, and a slightly more rostral part of the lateral MAO. Injections in the copula pyramidis result in retrograde labeling of the lateral part of the dorsal accessory olive (DAO), the intermediate part of the MAO, and the caudal tip of the principal olive. In very few of the experiments was there labeling of more than one subnuclear locus within the inferior olivary complex. These results suggest that parasagittal zones within the pyramis and copula pyramidis of the rat cerebellum receive highly ordered and differential projections from the inferior olivary complex. PMID- 7263948 TI - Pontocerebellar projections to the pyramis and copula pyramidis in the rat: evidence for a mediolateral topography. AB - In this study, using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing technique, the pontocerebellar projection to the pyramis and copula pyramidis in the rat has been analyzed in a series of experiments which had been performed to study the olivocerebellar projection (Eisenman, '81). Microinjections of HRP were made in different mediolateral positions along the width of the pyramis and copula pyramidis. Injections situated within the pyramis but in different loci resulted in the retrograde labeling of primarily two bilateral (much heavier contralaterally) groups of pontine cells: a medial and a ventrolateral group, both situated in the caudal pontine nuclei. With injections in the intermediate region, i.e., the border between the pyramis and copula pyramidis, a different pattern of labeled cells is seen. In these cases the intermediate part of the caudal pontine nuclei contains labeled cells. Injections placed in the lateral parts of the copula pyramidis resulted in still another pattern of retrograde labeling. Injections in this region resulted in the presence of labeled cells in four pontine areas, three caudal groups, and one group in the rostral pontine nuclei. Two of the caudal groups overlap with, but extend more rostrally than, the regions containing labeled cells after pyramis injections. These data suggest the presence in the pyramis and copula pyramidis of three parasagittal zones of differing widths, each of which receives a mainly differential projection from the pontine nuclei. PMID- 7263949 TI - Normal and abnormal retinal projections following the crush of one optic nerve in goldfish (Carassius auratus). AB - Optic nerve regeneration was examined with [3H]proline radioautography in fish that had one nerve crushed. Fibers had not yet grown beyond the crush site at 2 days post-crush (PC) and were at the optic chiasm by 4-5 days PC. By 6 days PC the fibers had reinnervated the rostral pole of the contralateral tectum, the lateral geniculate nucleus and area pretectalis dorsalis and ventralis. Area preopticus, nucleus opticus dorsolateralis and nucleus opticus commissurae posterior were partially reinnervated by 8 days PC. At this time numerous abnormal targets were labeled, including nucleus rotundus, nucleus isthmi, cerebellum, pituitary gland and ipsilateral optic tectum. Optic fibers also entered the posterior, intertectal and horizontal commissures, as well as tractus rotundus, the tectocerebellar, tectobulbar and mesencephalocerebellar tracts. In addition, fibers with the contralateral optic tectum were not restricted to their usual laminae. They were distributed from the superficial edge of the tectum to the ventricle. At 32 days PC only the normal retinal projections were evident, and all of the anomalous projections had disappeared. The anomalous projections may have either retracted or degenerated or become undetectable with radioautography. PMID- 7263950 TI - Retinal recipient nuclei in the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta: an autoradiographic and HRP study. AB - Retinofugal pathways in the painted turtle were examined with autoradiographic and HRP methods. The majority of the retinal fibers decussate at the optic chiasm and course caudally to terminate in 12 regions of the diencephalon and mesencephalon. The pars dorsalis of the lateral geniculate nucleus is the densest target in the thalamus. Two nuclei dorsal to pars dorsalis--the dorsal optic and dorsal central nuclei--receive optic input. Three nuclei ventral to pars dorsalis and retinal targets--the ventral geniculate nucleus, nucleus ventrolateralis pars dorsalis, and nucleus ventrolateralis pars ventralis. Contralateral fibers course through the pretectum where they terminate in nucleus geniculatis pretectalis, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, nucleus posterodorsalis, and the external pretectal nucleus. Retinal fibers also terminate within the superficial zone of the optic tectum. HRP material demonstrates three optic fiber layers--laminae 9, 12, and 14. Optic fibers leave the main optic tract as a distinct accessory tegmental optic pathway and terminate in the basal optic nucleus. Ipsilateral retinal terminals occur in a pars dorsalis and a pars ventralis of the lateral geniculate nucleus, the dorsal optic nucleus, nucleus posterodorsalis, the basal optic nucleus, and in laminae 9 and 12 of the optic tectum. Rostrally, the ipsilateral tectal fibers occupy two zones along the medial and lateral tectal roof; these zones converge caudally and are continuous along the caudal wall of the tectum. PMID- 7263951 TI - The middle temporal visual area in the macaque: myeloarchitecture, connections, functional properties and topographic organization. AB - The location, topographic organization, and function of the middle temporal visual area (MT) in the macaque monkey was studied using anatomical and physiological techniques. MT is a small, elliptically shaped area on the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus which can be identified by its direct inputs from striate cortex and by its distinctive pattern of heavy myelination. Its average surface area is 33 mm2, which is less than 3% of the size of striate cortex. It contains a complete, topographically organized representation of the contralateral visual hemifield. There are substantial irregularities in the detailed pattern of topographic organization, however, and the representation is significantly more complex than that found for MT in other primates. Much of MT is devoted to the representation of central visual fields, with the emphasis on central vision being similar to that found in striate cortex. Electrophysiological recordings have confirmed previous reports of a high incidence of direction selective cells in MT. The transition in functional properties, from cells lacking direction selectivity outside MT to direction selective cells within, occurs over a distance of 0.1-0.2 mm or less along the lateral border of MT. Such a transition does not occur along the medial border, however, as the cortex medial to MT contains many cells with strong direction selectivity. Nevertheless, this region differs from MT in its myeloarchitecture, its lack of inputs from striate cortex, and the large size of its receptive fields. These results demonstrate the existence of three distinct visual areas on the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus which can be distinguished on the basis of both physiological and anatomical criteria. PMID- 7263952 TI - Corneal and periocular representation within the trigeminal sensory complex in the cat studied with transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The central projections of afferent fibers from the cornea, and the infraorbital, infratrochlear, frontal, lacrimal and auriculotemporal nerves were investigated by means of the transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase. Afferent projections to the dorsal horn of the medulla are organized along both the rostrocaudal axis and the ventrolateral to dorsomedial margin of the medullary dorsal horn. An inverted but discontinuous facial representation exists through the restrocaudal axis of the dorsal horn of the medulla with perioral and nasal receptive fields innervated by the infratrochlear nerves represented rostral to the progressively more posterior receptive fields innervated by the frontal, lacrimal and auriculotemporal nerves, respectively. The organization of the primary afferents is not uniform over the laminae of the dorsal horn of the medulla; the projections from the different nerves show the least overlap in lamina II, while overlap is most extensive in laminae I and V. The sensory projection from the cornea to the medullary dorsal horn is most dense in laminae I and II. All nerves, including those innervating the cornea, project to the interpolar, oral and principal trigeminal nuclei and are somatotopically organized. Projections to the reticular formation and the contralateral trigeminal sensory complex were not found in this study. These results support the organization of the dorsal horn of the medulla proposed by Dejerine ('14) and show that this organization is most evident for the primary afferent projections to lamina II. PMID- 7263953 TI - Intracortical arborizations and receptive fields of identified ventrobasal thalamocortical afferents to the primary somatic sensory cortex in the cat. AB - The intracortical arborizations of neurons from the ventroposterolateral thalamic nucleus (VPL) in the cat were studied by intraaxonal injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following identification of their receptive fields. In the primary somatic sensory cortex (SI) VPL cells terminated in different cytoarchitectonic areas according to their receptive field modality. Fibers excited by deep tissue or joint rotation arborized preferentially in area 3a. Those responding tonically to cutaneous stimuli were located in the anterior part of area 3b; hairdriven cells terminated in area 3b and in the rostral pole of area 1. All fibers had a similar laminar distribution within SI. Axons terminated mostly in layers VI, iV, and the lower part of layer III. None terminated in layers I and II. Most terminal arbors were oriented along the mediolateral axis of the brain. The main arborization of a single VPL cell formed a bush of about 500 micrometers in diameter. some fibers generated two such bushes with an uninvaded region of about 300 micrometer between them. It is proposed that this patchy organization underlies in part the columnar organization of areas SI. Many VPL cells had secondary projection sites in SI. These were issued from smaller sized collaterals and were located in a different cytoarchitectonic area than that of the main terminal plexuses. A significant number of these collaterals projected to area 4, Insufficient filling of the collaterals by HRP prevented a more complete characterization of the secondary arbors. PMID- 7263954 TI - Fine structure of the superficial layers of the viper optic tectum. A Golgi and electron-microscopic study. AB - The superficial layers of the viper optic tectum, which receive fibers from he retina, were studied using both light and electron microscopes. The optic fibers layer, or stratum opticum, is composed of 200 to 250 tight fascicles containing thin fibers, nearly all of which are myelinated. The main optic terminal layers, the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale, the greatest part of the cellular population is composed of small vertically oriented neurons and horizontal nerve cells, many of which are probably local circuit neurons. The neuropil of the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale is made up of small nerve elements, including three types of profiles containing synaptic vesicles; 1) boutons with pleiomorphic synaptic vesicles (P), representing over 47% of the total population of profiles containing synaptic vesicles and comprising three subgroups (P1, P2, and P3); 2) boutons with spheroidal synaptic vesicles (S), forming more than 29% of the total populations of profiles containing synaptic vesicles and comprising two categories, S1 and S2 (S2, the more numerous, represents the optic boutons, which make up 22% of the total populations of profiles containing synaptic vesicles); and 3) dendrites with pleiomorphic vesicles, accounting for approximately 23% of the total populations of profiles containing synaptic vesicles. A study of synaptic patterns revealed a large number of serial synapses and a lesser number of triplets or triadic synapses. The presynaptic components are boutons containing spheroidal (S1, S2) or pleiomorphic (P1, P2, P3) synaptic vesicles. The intermediate profile was always a dendrite with synaptic vesicles which frequently belonged to the small neurons of the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale. Comparison of the present results with other recent data shows that the synaptic circuitry in the optic tectum of Vipera aspis closely resembles the pattern observed in the optic tectum of other vertebrates, ranging form fish to mammals. However, quantitative differences exist, especially with regard to the proportion of dendrites containing synaptic vesicles. Their number seems to be higher in sauropsidians than in mammals, particularly in primates. PMID- 7263955 TI - The distribution of neurons projecting from the retina and visual cortex to the thalamus and tectum opticum of the barn owl, Tyto alba, and the burrowing owl, Speotyto cunicularia. AB - Using the HRP retrograde transport technique in two different genera of owls (Speotyto and Tyto), we have studied the distribution of neurons projecting to the optic tectum and the visual thalamus. Small injections of HRP were made into these structures from the pial surface after they had been visualized directly by dissection of the overlying bone. In contrast to the findings in mammals, retinal ganglion cells were labeled only in the eye contralateral to the injection site, whether this was in the thalamus or tectum, and the labeled ganglion cells were found on both nasal and temporal sides of the vertical retinal meridian through the fovea. After thalamic injections, labeling was prominent in temporal retina representing the binocular field, temporal to the optic nerve head. Retinothalamic ganglion cells formed roughly concentric lines of isodensity centered on the fovea (Speotyto) or area centralis (Tyto); labeling from thalamic injections involved both large and medium-sized neurons, but did not involve the smallest nor a conspicuous class of very large neurons. Tectal injections led to prominent labeling along the horizontal streak region, with horizontally elongated isodensity contours in both Tyto and Speotyto; retinotectal ganglion cells were heterogeneous and included a group of very large neurons and anther group of small neurons, neither of which was labeled from the thalamus. In the visual Wulst, labeled neurons were confined to the supragranular layers after both tectal and thalamic injections. Corticotectal neurons were found in both ipsilateral and contralateral visual Wulst. They were characterized by large cell bodies and prominent dendrites. Corticotectal neurons were distributed throughout the mediolateral extent of the ipsilateral Wulst and therefore involved both the monocular and binocular representations of the visual field. Corticothalamic neurons, found only in the ipsilateral Wulst, were characterized by smaller cell bodies and fine dendrites. They were confined to the monocular crescent on the extreme medial edge of the World. PMID- 7263956 TI - The effects of refeeding after varying periods of neonatal undernutrition on the morphology of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the rat. AB - Undernutrition of the rat for the first 30 days of postnatal life is known to permanently alter Purkinje cell (PC) dendritic morphology. The effects of earlier nutritional rehabilitation have not previously been determined. Neonatal rat pups were undernourished by limiting their access to the lactating dam. After 10, 15, or 20 days of food restriction, animals were either killed for histological comparison with normally fed controls, or provided with ad libitum food until 80 dpp, and then killed. Network analysis of Golgi Cox impregnated PCs from the undernourished animals revealed alterations in dendritic length, segment frequency, and branching pattern, which first became apparent at 15 dpp, accompanied by a reduction in the number of granule cells (GCs) per PC. If undernourished animals were refed from 10 or 15 days, however, the total lengths and segment frequencies of their PC trees were indistinguishable from those of controls at 80 dpp, although the 15-day group showed persistent topological alterations. The GC:PC ratios of these refed groups were also found to be similar to those of the controls. In animals refed after 20 days of undernutrition, network size remained reduced, as did the GC:PC ratio. The different degrees of recovery of PC dendritic field parameters recorded in the refed animals could be related either to enhanced GC replication afforded by refeeding, or to the existence of intrinsic mechanisms which limit the growth capacity of the PC dendrites. PMID- 7263957 TI - Physiological demonstration of multiple representation in the forelimb region of the cat motor cortex. AB - Earlier studies in primates have demonstrated a double representation of the distal forelimb in area 4. In this study intracortical stimulation was used to map the representation of the forelimb in area 4 of the cat. Maps of individual animals revealed two spatially separate representations for the distal forelimb in area 4. Two "digit zones," regions in which threshold stimulation evoked contractions limited to digit musculature, were seen in all animals. Although the absolute location of the two digit zones varied among animals, the zones were always separated by a field in which more proximal musculature was represented. In some experiments EMG activity was monitored from selected forelimb muscles in order to determine the muscles represented in the two zones. Activity of the same digit muscle could be evoked by stimulation in each digit zone. The analysis demonstrated that some digit muscles were represented in both the digit zones. Thus, this study demonstrates that multiple representation of the distal forelimb in area 4 is not an isolated, species-specific phenomenon, but is likely to be a generalized pattern of motor cortex organization. PMID- 7263958 TI - Anatomical demonstration of multiple representation in the forelimb region of the cat motor cortex. AB - Retrograde transport of HRP was employed to examine the pattern of callosal connections in the forelimb region of area 4 gamma in the cat. According to the conventional view, areas of the motor cortex which contain the representation of distal body parts neither send nor receive callosal fibers. If this is true, then an absence of callosal connections would define the sites of distal forelimb representation. Following multiple injections of HRP into the contralateral motor cortex, many labeled neurons were found in the forelimb region of area 4 gamma. However, within this region, two spatially separate areas were found where labeled neurons were either absent or present in very low density ("callosal holes"). The anatomically defined callosal holes corresponded in size, shape, and location to the physiologically defined digit zones. To provide direct evidence for this correspondence, retrograde HRP transport was combined with intracortical stimulation in the same animal. Small lesions placed in physiologically identified digit zones were located within the anatomically defined callosal holes. Thus, a double representation of the distal forelimb can be defined in area 4 gamma of the cat motor cortex using both anatomical and physiological methods. PMID- 7263959 TI - Ascending projections of the brain stem reticular formation in a nonmammalian vertebrate (the lizard Varanus exanthematicus), with notes on the afferent connections of the forebrain. AB - In the present study an attempt has been made to analyze the ascending reticular projections in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. Reticular projections ascending to the telencephalon were found to arise in the mesencephalon, but not caudal to the mesorhombencephalic border. HRP injections into the dorsal thalamus have demonstrated retrogradely labeled cells in the mesencephalic reticular formation, particularly at the level of the oculomotor nerve and in the medial magnocellular zone of the rhombencephalic reticular formation, predominantly rostrally. HRP infiltrations at the mesodiencephalic border damaged most of the fibers passing beyond this junction, resulting in the uptake of HRP by the damaged axons and subsequent labeling of the cell bodies or origin of ascending reticular projections to the diencephalon and telencephalon. From a comparison of cell labeling patterns in cases of HRP injections of, respectively, the dorsal thalamus and the mesodiencephalic border, it seems likely that the nucleus reticularis medius and more sparsely the nucleus reticularis inferior project to ventral diencephalic structures (ventral thalamus and hypothalamus), whereas the midbrain reticular formation and the rostral parts of the rhombencephalic reticular formation (nuclei reticulares isthmi and superior) project to both the dorsal thalamus and more ventral diencephalic structures. Projections arising throughout the rhombencephalic reticular formation, but predominantly in the nucleus reticularis inferior, were found to ascend to the midbrain reticular formation. The present experimental data in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus are comparable to the findings in mammals, with the exception of the reticulo oculomotor pathways which have not been analyzed so far in reptiles. In addition to the aforementioned ascending reticular projections, the present study has demonstrated projections ascending from monoamine cell groups, various diencephalic structures, as well as from neuronal groups involved in somatosensory, auditory, and gustatory systems. Projections were found from the locus coeruleus and the nucleus raphes superior to the telencephalon, as well as from the substantia nigra and the presumable reptilian homologue of the mammalian ventral tegmental area to the basal forebrain and the dorsal thalamus. Bilateral projections were demonstrated from the principal trigeminal nucleus to the telencephalon, reminiscent of the quintofrontal tract of birds. Ascending projections to the diencephalon were found to originate bilaterally in the descending trigeminal nucleus and the dorsal funicular nucleus. Auditory projections to the midbrain arise bilaterally in the superior olivary complex and in the cochlear nuclear complex. Finally, the ascending gustatory pathway arising in the nucleus of the solitary tract was found to project to the "parabrachial region," which in its turn has extensive projections to the forebrain. PMID- 7263960 TI - A study of Golgi preparations from the human lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - The Golgi method was used to study nerve cells and their processes in the human lateral geniculate nucleus. Only a few axons were successfully impregnated. These enter the nucleus from the optic radiations and were tentatively identified as corticogeniculate axons. In one brain from a 2-week-old infant these axons showed unusually dense terminal arbors, suggesting that significant developmental changes occur in this fiber system postnatally. Neurons in the magnocellular layers show a great variety of dendritic patterns, and are not readily grouped into well-defined morphological classes. At one extreme are cells with a restricted dendritic arbor, having dendrites that run a sinuous course close to the perikaryon. At the other extreme, cells have a more extended dendritic arbor; their dendrites are long, relatively straight in some cells, markedly tortuous in others. There is a continuous range of intermediate cell types between the "restricted" and the "extended" cells. Many magnocellular dendrites cross freely into adjacent layers; whereas the short dendrites of restricted cells rarely cross from one layer to another, the dendrites of extended cells may either be confined to a single layer (intralaminar) or may have a translaminar distribution across two or even three layers. Small cells, with dendrites entirely confined to an interlaminar region, have been seen in the magnocellular division of the nucleus on either side of layers 2. Parvocellular elements also show a wide range of dendritic patterns, but the extreme forms of restricted and extended cells are not seen. Parvocellular dendrites commonly are oriented perpendicular to the layers and generally show an intralaminar distribution; translaminar dendrites are extremely rare. A minority of parvocellular neurons have most of their dendrites confined to an interlaminar zone. These "interlaminar" cells have large perikarya close to or in the interlaminar zones, and show a predominant dendritic orientation parallel to the layers. A few parvocellular elements with complex axoniform dendrites were seen, and these dendrites, too, tend to run parallel rather than perpendicular to the layers. PMID- 7263961 TI - Differences in binocular interactions between cortical areas 17 and 18 and superior colliculus of Siamese cats. AB - In Siamese cats most retinal projections are crossed and almost all neurons in cortical areas 17 and 18 respond exclusively to the contralateral eye. However, neurons in visual areas in the suprasylvian sulci (LSA) can be activated from both eyes, since the input from the ipsilateral eye is relayed to them by the corpus callosum (Marzi et al., '80). This study shows that the superior colliculus (SC) is also the site of binocular interactions in Siamese cats with a predominantly monocular organization of areas 17 and 18. In 8 unanesthetized, brainstem-sectioned Siamese cats, identified as "Boston" on the basis of the pattern of visual field representation in areas 17 and 18 (Hubel and Wiesel, '71; Shatz, '77a), only 25 out of 140 neurons in these areas could be driven from both eyes, whereas as many as 124 out of 143 SC neurons showed a clear binocular input. The input from each eye to the ipsilateral SC and the resulting binocular interactions in our Siamese cats might have depended on corticotectal projections from LSA. If so, since a posterior callosal section abolishes the input from each eye to ipsilateral LSA, the SC should similarly be affected by callosotomy. The posterior half of the corpus callosum was sectioned acutely in three Siamese cats after recording from SC; the input from the ipsilateral eye to SC was suppressed by this operation in one cat (which, however, also had an unintended interruption of the posterior, habenular, and anterior intertectal commissures), and drastically reduced in the other two. In a fourth cat, in which callosotomy was performed three weeks before recording from SC, the number of SC neurons responsive to the ipsilateral eye was significantly inferior to that of Siamese cats with an intact corpus callosum. These findings indicate the importance of the corpus callosum for ipsilateral eye-SC relations, as well as for SC binocularity, in Siamese cats. At the same time they imply that noncallosal routes can also transmit information from each eye to the ipsilateral SC in callosotomized Siamese cats. PMID- 7263962 TI - Chloroquine-induced remission of nodular panniculitis present for 15 years. AB - A 62-year-old woman experienced a continuous series of subcutaneous masses of the arms, buttocks, and legs which had resisted treatment for over 15 years. On the arms and buttocks the lesions were nonerythematous and asymptomatic, but those on the lower leg were at times tender and erythematous. The nodules, which proved on biopsy to be nodular, nonsuppurative panniculitis, slowly receded without residual skin changes as new ones appeared. Bacterial hypersensitivity may have played a role in their pathogenesis since fibrin microclot induction tests showed a marked sensitivity to gram-negative bacteria. Although there was never any clinical, serologic or histologic evidence of lupus, the lesions completely disappeared as a result of long-term low-dose chloroquine treatment. PMID- 7263963 TI - Actinic prurigo. AB - Actinic prurigo is a chronic photodermatitis found predominantly in North American Indians. Other terms have been used to describe similar cases in Central and South America and in Europe. Relatively little has been written about this condition in the English literature, and confusion exists over whether this is a form of polymorphic light eruption. Actinic prurigo can be considered a unique variant of polymorphic light eruption; however, we believe that certain differences help to distinguish actinic prurigo as a separate disease entity. Herein we report three cases of this disease and review the related literature. Characteristic clinical features include prurigolike papules and cheilitis. Pruritus is the predominant symptom, and a familial tendency and an early age at onset are usually noted. Results of karyotyping and analysis of sister chromatid exchanges were normal in two of our patients so tested. Skin testing for photosensitivity has yielded inconsistent results, and use of light testing for diagnosing actinic prurigo does not seem to be a predictable procedure. Actinic prurigo is a chronic disease that often is refractory to therapy. PMID- 7263965 TI - Cutaneous signs of child abuse. AB - Child abuse is a well-established clinical entity affecting over one million children each year in this country. All physicians are responsible for the recognition of this syndrome and for the initiation of prompt treatment. Presented are some of the classical cutaneous signs of child abuse, including physical abuse, neglect, and sexual assault. The abusive pattern is described and the need for physician awareness noted. PMID- 7263964 TI - Dilantin digital defects. AB - Diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) is a widely used drug with multiple adverse effects, several of them cutaneous. Prenatal exposure to hydantoins may result in a spectrum of structural, developmental, and behavioral changes known as the fetal hydantoin syndrome (FHS). A patient with the dysmorphic characteristics of FHS had unusual hyperpigmentation of several fingernails, a finding which has not been described in other patients with FHS. We propose a mechanism for the dysmorphic action of phenytoin on the developing fetus, consonant with the known effects of hydantoins on collagen metabolism. PMID- 7263966 TI - Intralesional corticosteroids. PMID- 7263967 TI - A contraindication for the use of charcoal in uremic patients. PMID- 7263968 TI - Retinoic acid in the treatment of eruptive vellus hair cysts. PMID- 7263969 TI - Tetracycline and oral contraceptives. PMID- 7263970 TI - Topical minoxidil in alopecia areata. PMID- 7263971 TI - Butorphanol-induced pruritus antagonized by naloxone. PMID- 7263972 TI - Genital herpes simplex--concepts and treatment. AB - Genital herpes simplex is an increasingly common venereal disease caused by either herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2. The disease can be manifested in a primary and/or recurrent form, the clinical features and complications of which are reviewed. Potential problems include psychosocial difficulties, neonatal herpes simplex infections, and the possibility of an oncogenic role in cervical cancer. Diagnostic modalities, prophylactic measures, and management technics are discussed. PMID- 7263973 TI - Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and porphyria cutanea tarda. Report of a case. AB - Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) and various types of lupus erythematosus (LE) have been reported in the same patient on several occasions. In a large group of patients with PCT reported by Grossman et al, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was found in two. Possibly LE is more common in patients with PCT; however, the mechanisms behind this coexistence are still unknown. The concurrent of PCT and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), as described by Sontheimer et al, has not been reported in previous patients. We are reporting a case of SCLE and PCT which has multiple complications in the course and therapy of these disorders. PMID- 7263974 TI - Normolipemic tendon and tuberous xanthomas. AB - Tendon and skin xanthomas have been found in association with familial hypercholesterolemia, broad beta disease, beta sitosterolemia, and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. We are reporting a patient with tendon and tuberous xanthomas accompanied by normal plasma lipids. In addition, the plasma and xanthoma concentration of cholestanol was normal, while beta sitosterol was absent. These data rule out the disorders listed and suggest that this patient's disorder may represent a new normolipemic xanthomatosis. PMID- 7263975 TI - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIII. AB - The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of inherited disorders of connective tissue characterized by joint hypermobility, cutaneous hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility. At least nine subgroups of the disease have been described, each with a characteristic clinical pattern or unique biochemical defect. We describe three members of a family with the constellation of findings diagnostic of EDS type VIII. The trait first manifests in childhood, when minor trauma produces ecchymoses, which resolve normally except on th shins. The pretibial skin heals with distinct hyperpigmented atrophic scars. There is no hyperextensibility of the skin, nor evidence of visceral involvement. Minimal joint hypermobility was noted in one patient. Early onset of periodontal disease, with loss of the permanent teeth, is characteristic. EDS type VIII is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. PMID- 7263976 TI - Diffuse melanosis secondary to metastatic malignant melanoma. Light and electron microscopic findings. AB - Tumor-free hyperpigmented skin from a patient with diffuse melanosis secondary to metastatic melanoma was examined by light and electron microscopy. Our findings indicate that the pathogenesis of this diffuse slate blue color is primarily to pigment deposition within perivascular dermal macrophages. We did not find intact melanosomes or individual tumor cell metastases in clinically normal skin, as has been previously reported. PMID- 7263977 TI - Advances in the use of anthralin. AB - Advances in the treatment of psoriasis with anthralin are presented, including the suitability and acceptability of the base, the use of varying strengths of anthralin to suit the prevailing circumstances, and the need for showers or baths to control the treatment response. A detailed pro forma treatment is given. PMID- 7263978 TI - What's new: a review of advances in therapy. PMID- 7263980 TI - Clofazimine treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum. PMID- 7263981 TI - Acrokeratoelastoidosis and keratoelastoidosis marginalis-any relation? PMID- 7263979 TI - Acral acanthotic anomaly (AAA) PMID- 7263982 TI - Pityriasis rubra pilaris controlled by synergism of vitamins A and E. PMID- 7263983 TI - The DESI hit list: the story and reflections. PMID- 7263984 TI - Computed tomography of the pulmonary hila: 1. normal anatomy. AB - This report presents a detailed analysis of normal cross-sectional hilar anatomy. Specially prepared cadavers injected with red and blue latex were utilized for correlation with 100 normal computed tomographic examinations. Thorough knowledge of the normal appearance of cross-sectional hilar anatomy is a prerequisite for recognizing abnormalities that affect the pulmonary hila. PMID- 7263985 TI - Computed tomography of the normal pulmonary hilum. AB - The detection of pulmonary hilar abnormalities using computed tomography (CT) requires a detailed understanding of cross-sectional hilar anatomy. Many lobar and segmental bronchi are identifiable on CT scans and form the basis for interpreting hilar CT. Large pulmonary artery and venous branches within the hilum produce relatively constant hilar contours and were identified using dynamic CT scans following the bolus injection of contrast medium. At several levels on the right and at one level on the left, the posterior hilum is devoid of vessels. PMID- 7263986 TI - Computed tomography of the abnormal pulmonary hilum. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) findings in 25 patients with an abnormal hilum were reviewed. Fourteen had bronchogenic carcinoma, four had lymphoma, four had metastatic carcinoma, one had severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, and two had a hilar mass of unknown cause. The CT findings were (a) a local alteration in normal hilar contour; (b) generalized hilar enlargement; (c) distortion or obstruction of bronchi; (d) irregular or poorly defined hilar contours; (e) obscured vascular branches; and (f) obscuration or thickening of the posterior right upper lobe bronchus, bronchus intermedius, or left main bronchus. A localized alteration in hilar contour and bronchial abnormalities were most frequently seen. PMID- 7263987 TI - Compromised CT detection of extracranial malignant neoplasms by steroid treatment. AB - Computed tomographic attenuation coefficients in six rabbit thigh V2 carcinomas were studied before and after steroid treatment. In four V2 tumors with effective steroid treatment, the density difference between V2 carcinoma and normal muscles decreased on both pre- and postcontrast scans (17.9 and 21.8 Hounsfield units, respectively--HU: 1,000 scale) attributable mainly to altered tumor X-ray absorption; 3 weeks after steroid withdrawal, normal and malignant tissue density differences increased and returned toward base line. Two V2 tumors failed to respond to steroids; the precontrast density difference between V2 carcinoma and normal muscle was nearly constant, and the postcontrast density difference increased by 6.8 HU. In patients taking steroids, malignant tumors may become isodense with the surrounding normal tissue and be difficult or impossible to detect. Changes in tumor density may also prove to be a useful marker off therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 7263988 TI - Reformatted coronal display of upper abdominal computed tomography: comparison with ultrasonography. AB - The coronal plane is the most common format used for descriptions of the radiographic and surgical anatomy of the upper abdomen. Coronal reformatted computed tomographic (CT) studies of the upper abdomen were compared to coronal ultrasonic images of equivalent cephalocaudad dimension obtained with a water path echoscope. In most cases, the reformatted CT images were equivalent or superior in the display of selected mass lesions and their anatomic relationships. Direct coronal CT studies should be useful in the evaluation of upper abdominal pathology. PMID- 7263989 TI - CT cholangiography: multiplanar reconstruction in obstructive jaundice. AB - The value of multiplanar reconstruction (MR) in coronal and sagittal planes from axial transverse computed tomography (CT) slices was investigated in cases of obstructive jaundice. The clinical application for this technique lies in its potential to depict the dilated bile duct to the point of obstruction providing a "map" of the biliary tree. We call the technique "CT cholangiography." The images obtained were of good quality in 77.5% of the cases. Coronal planes proved better than sagittal in demonstrating the bile duct. Furthermore, MR added information concerning the cause of obstruction in 27% of the cases. Improvements in technique will refine the method and likely eliminate the need for invasive cholangiography in many cases of obstructive jaundice. PMID- 7263990 TI - Improved visualization of the pancreatic tail after maximum distension of the stomach. AB - Fifty-two computed tomography examinations through the region of the pancreas were retrospectively analyzed to determine if marked stomach distension influenced the visualization of the pancreatic tail. Of the 29 patients who had marked stomach distension, 25 (86%) had displacement of small bowel loops away from the ventral surface of the pancreatic tail. With moderate or minimal stomach distension, there was bowel loop displacement in 37% and 0% of cases, respectively. Marked stomach distension appears to be an effective means of improving visualization of the pancreatic tail. PMID- 7263991 TI - Hypothalamic hamartoma. AB - Hypothalamic hamartoma is a rare tumor with onset of symptoms in infancy or early childhood. Clinical presentation includes precocious puberty, laughing spells, and seizures. Computed tomography of two cases of hypothalamic hamartomas revealed a mass lesion in the suprasellar--interpeduncular cisterns (with the density of) the surrounding normal brain. The mass was not enhanced by injection of contrast material. PMID- 7263992 TI - Gas collections in the spinal cord on computed tomography. AB - Two examples of gas collections within the spinal canal, noted on computed tomography, are presented. A probable etiology is suggested and possible misinterpretations of such a finding are discussed. PMID- 7263993 TI - Computed tomography of the carpal tunnel: a radioanatomical study. AB - Cross-sectional anatomy of the carpal tunnel was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) on eight cadavers. Prior to CT, the wrists were marked and, subsequently, anatomical cross sections of the specimens were carefully made along the markers. The anatomical section planes closely correlated with the levels of the CT images. Photographs of one of the specimens were taken for comparative studies. PMID- 7263994 TI - CT atlas of the dog brain. PMID- 7263995 TI - Cancer imaging by scanned projection radiography. AB - We have evaluated scanned projection radiography (SPR) for the diagnosis of cancer. Four rabbits with V2 thigh carcinomas and nine patients with a variety of malignant neoplasms were studied with a GE CT/T 8800 scanner modified for SPR. Images were made before injection of intravenous contrast medium, and additional scans were taken after injection. Temporal subtraction was then performed on the digitized data. Rabbit thigh V2 carcinomas and human lung, liver, and extremity neoplasms were visualized. Contrast enhancement was phasic with early vessel demonstration and subsequent visualization of low density central areas of tumoral necrosis. Liver metastases appeared as poorly defined areas of low density. Because of the combination of high contrast sensitivity plus capability of imaging large tissue volumes on one scan, SPR may be valuable in cancer screening. PMID- 7263996 TI - High CT attenuation values of a benign pulmonary nodule. AB - Computed tomography (CT) is thought to be a reliable predictor of the benignancy of pulmonary nodules when high attenuation values can be demonstrated. However, the cause of increased attenuation has not been proven. A pulmonary nodule evaluated initially by CT and subsequently followed for 4 years has developed central calcification by conventional tomography. This observation supports the contention that elevated CT attenuation values are the result of microscopic calcification. PMID- 7263997 TI - Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. AB - A case of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis is reported and the computed tomographic findings are described. The disease is characterized by chylous pleural effusions, a reticulonodular pattern, and the development of air trapping with bullous formation. Computed tomography is useful in demonstrating the early presence of these bullae and in excluding a malignant etiology in a patient with spontaneous chylothorax. PMID- 7263998 TI - Computed tomography of radiation-induced lung injuries. PMID- 7263999 TI - Pseudocoarctation of the aorta. AB - A case of pseudocoarctation of the thoracic aorta manifested by a mediastinal mass on a roentgenogram of the chest and subsequently evaluated with computed tomography (CT) is presented. The following combination of CT findings is thought to be diagnostic of this rare congenital anomaly: (a) demonstration that the mass is part of the aorta, (b) the depiction of the unusual aortic arch high in the mediastinum, (c) visualization of the isthmus portion of the descending aorta not adjacent to the spine but rather located ventral to it and surrounding by aerated lung, and (d) more caudal origin of the subclavian artery resulting in a vascular shadow posterior to the kinked aortic arch. PMID- 7264000 TI - CT for assessing feasibility of separation of thoracopagus twins. AB - The value of the angio-computed tomography technique for evaluating communication between cardiac cavities of the two hearts in conjoined twins is reported. After injecting contrast medium into the peripheral vein of one of the twins, the increase in density values of the heart in the other twin suggested shunting between the two hearts. PMID- 7264001 TI - Fat--fluid level in in a cystic ovarian teratoma. AB - A malignant cystic ovarian teratoma demonstrated a fluid level on erect abdominal films that was mistaken for a gas--fluid level. Computed tomography demonstrated a hairball floating in a fat--fluid level, findings pathognomonic of a cystic teratoma. PMID- 7264002 TI - Lipomembranous polycystic osteodysplasia with progressive dementia. AB - A rare hereditary syndrome is presented with pathognomonic talar cysts shown on plain radiography and diffuse presenile brain atrophy demonstrated on computed tomography (CT). The main value of CT is related to prognosis and follow-up, as well as to possible genetic counseling. PMID- 7264003 TI - Cerebellar metastasis from ovarian carcinoma. AB - The most common sources of metastatic disease of the brain are lung and breast carcinoma. Considerably less common are metastases from malignant melanoma, hypernephroma, and carcinomas of the alimentary tract. All other sources are rare. This report presents a unusual case of a single cerebellar metastatic lesion from ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 7264004 TI - Arteriovenous malformation of the spinal cord: computed tomography with intraarterial enhancement. PMID- 7264005 TI - Gas-contrasted computed tomography of the mediastinum. PMID- 7264008 TI - Effect of teat skin disinfection on the rate of infection and interval to infection in cows exposed to high levels of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - All teats of a herd of lactating cows were contaminated after each milking with Staphylococcus aureus. Two teats of each cow were subsequently dipped in an iodine solution, while the remaining 2 teats were not dipped. For cows with a single infection the interval to infection in dipped and undipped quarters was 64 and 60 d respectively, while for the first infected quarter of cows with multiple infections the interval to infection in dipped and undipped quarters was 50 and 39 d respectively. For the second quarter infected in cows with multiple infections, the period between the first and second infection was 21 and 12 d for dipped and undipped quarters respectively. It is suggested that while teat skin disinfection was effective in reducing the rate of new infection, it had little effect on the process of infection in those quarters becoming infected. The occurrence of an infection in one quarter doubled the rate of infection in the other quarters. PMID- 7264007 TI - Using a radiation therapy simulator to localize the anatomical level of computed tomography slices. PMID- 7264009 TI - Heat stability of milk: interrelationship between assay temperature, pH and agitation. AB - As determined by the standard subjective assay procedure, the minimum in the heat stability--pH curve of milk persisted down to at least 116 degrees C. However when samples were not agitated during heating the minimum became progressively less pronounced as the assay temperature was lowered and it disappeared at approximately 116 degrees C. Activation energies (Ea) for unagitated samples were approximately 30 Kcal/mole at pH 6.87 (maximum) and at pH 7.28, throughout the temperature range 116--145 degrees C and for the pH 6.95 (minimum) sample at 116- 125 degrees C; however Ea for the pH 6.95 sample increased to approximately 100 Kcal/mole in the range 127--135 degrees C suggesting that some highly temperature dependent reaction had occurred and caused premature coagulation at certain pH values, i.e. to a heat stability minimum. The stability of concentrated milk (20% total solids) was very low at pH values above 6.9, regardless of whether the samples were agitated or not during heating and the maximum/minimum in the heat stability--pH curve persisted down to at least 90 degrees C in both agitated and quiescent samples. PMID- 7264006 TI - Side effects of xenon inhalation. AB - Short- and long-term side effects during and after inhalation of premixed xenon oxygen (28-47%) from 12 studies are reported. While all but one subject tolerated xenon inhalation without ill effects, that individual did experience unpleasantly severe dysesthesias and a brief period of unresponsiveness. We believe that further human studies with xenon inhalation should be conducted to explore possible early indicators for reduced tolerance of xenon by certain individuals. PMID- 7264011 TI - Binding of calcium ions to bovine beta-casein. AB - The isotherms for Ca++ binding to bovine alpha-casein have been measured at 5 temperatures in the range 4-40 degrees C and at 4 different ionic strengths. The results are interpreted by an interactive-site binding model, and are compared with results previously obtained on alpha s1-casein. The affinity of beta-casein for the first Va2+ to bind is similar to the affinity of alpha s1-casein for the same binding event: however, binding of subsequent Ca2+ to beta-casein is weaker than the binding to alpha s1-casein. The results are discussed in terms of precipitability of the 2 caseins caused by the binding of Ca2+. PMID- 7264010 TI - Metabolic significance of milk glucose. AB - The free glucose concentration in the aqueous phase of samples of goat, sheep, cow, rat and rabbit milk was about 0.1-0.3 mM, while that in human milk was about 2mM. During starvation the glucose concentration of goat milk fell considerably (by about 80% in 2 d) in parallel with the decreased rate of lactose production. With rats fed ad lib., glucose concentration in the milk was greater at 12.00 h than at 18.00 h, when lactose synthesis has been shown to decrease. 3-O-Methyl-D glucose injected into the goat mammary gland via the teat canal specifically entered the blood. These findings support the idea that glucose equilibrates across the apical membrane of mammary secretory cells, so that milk concentrations reflect intracellular glucose concentratioins. PMID- 7264012 TI - Effects of adding potassium iodate to milk before UHT treatment. I. Reduction in the amount of deposit on the heated surfaces. AB - Additions of potassium iodate to milk at 0.05 and 0.1 mM (10 and 20 ppm) before UHT treatment markedly reduced the rate at which pressure built up during processing. This permitted the use of longer processing times before unacceptable pressures were reached in the heat exchangers. Iodate reduced the amount of protein deposited, particularly in the higher temperature sections of the plant, but had no effect on the deposition of minerals. The more compact nature of the highly mineral deposits offered less resistance to the flow path. Reduction in the amount of protein deposited is likely to be caused by increased denaturation of beta-lactoglobulin and oxidation of heat activated sulphydryl groups by the iodate, thus reducing the formation of high molecular weight polymers of sulphur containing proteins at the heated surfaces. Increasing the level of sulphydryl groups in the milk through the addition of L-cysteine-HCl caused an increase in the amount of deposit formed during UHT treatment. Whilst little detrimental effect on the quality of milk resulted from additions of iodate at 0.05 mM, milks with 0.1 mM-iodate became bitter during subsequent aseptic storage. Bitterness was a result of iodate-induced proteolysis of casein. PMID- 7264013 TI - Variation in Wisconsin Mastitis Test Scores of bucket milk samples and relationship to bacterial infections. AB - Sources of variation in the Wisconsin Mastitis Test were studied in 4739 bucket milk samples from 111 cows in one herd during 103 days. Quarters of cows were classified infected or uninfected through bacteriologic assays of quarter milk samples. Quarters were uninfected in 70.4% of the cow-quarter-days and infected with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in 1.4 and .9% of the quarter samples. Scores of all cow-days averaged 8.5. Wisconsin Mastitis Test scores of cow-days having no pathogens averaged 5.8. Correlation of duplicate samples was .97. Repeatability of monthly tests was .67. Days within month of lactation, month within age group, cow within age, and age differed. Older cows averaged higher Wisconsin Mastitis Test scores. Scores for uninfected cow-days did not differ with age. Scores were higher by 5.5 units in cows with infected quarters than in those with no infected quarters. The increase was greater with S. aureus or S. agalactiae present than with less virulent pathogens. In a cost utility analysis, Wisconsin Mastitis Test was inefficient in detecting infected cows with a single test. PMID- 7264014 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of copper in milk. PMID- 7264015 TI - Palmitate and octanoate metabolism in bovine mammary tissue. AB - Effect of glucose on palmitate and octanoate metabolism was studied in bovine mammary tissue slices. Glucose stimulated palmitate esterification principally to form partial glycerides while decreasing palmitate oxidation. Glucose stimulated octanoate but not palmitate incorporation into triacylglycerols, suggesting that availability of intracellular medium-chain fatty acids may limit the final acylation reaction in triacylglycerol synthesis. PMID- 7264016 TI - Novel determination of protein, fat, and lactose of milk by liquid scintillation counter. AB - A method for routine determination of protein, fat, and lactose contents of milk is based on the ability of a scintillation counter to measure coloration or opalescence through attenuation of photons emitted from sealed miniature carbon 14 and hydrogen-3 radioactive standards. A series of simplified and accurate analytical procedures enable full advantage to be taken of the automatic facilities on the modern liquid scintillation counter. The methods provide several advantages over existing procedures. Accuracy of quantification was high as assessed by comparing the results with those derived by recommended Kjeldahl, Gerber, and colorimetric procedures for protein, fat, and lactose determinations, respectively. PMID- 7264017 TI - Symposium: heat resistant microorganisms in dairy food system: heat resistant mesophilic microorganisms. PMID- 7264018 TI - Anaerobic sporeforming microorganisms in dairy products. PMID- 7264019 TI - Distribution of milk fat globules in cow's milk high in linoleic acid. AB - The influence of feeding cows formaldehyde-treated polyunsaturated oilseed supplement on fatty acid composition and distribution of particle size of milk fat globules has been studied. Supplement increased linoleic acid in milk fat from 1.7 to 27.4%. Distributions of particle size measured by a Coulter counter showed that milk fat from cows receiving supplement had large milk fat globules than those in milk fat of the same cows when supplementation was discontinued. However. this difference in size could not be attributed to percent linoleic acid in the milk fat since correction of the data of supplemented cows for percent milk fat and size of milk fat globules resulted in particle distributions strikingly similar in shape. PMID- 7264020 TI - Energy and phosphorus status as factors affecting postpartum performance and health of dairy cows. AB - To determine if energy and phosphorus status would affect postpartum health and lactational performance, first-calf heifers were assigned at parturition, 12 per group, to either high (135% of requirement) or low (85% of requirement) energy, high (138% of requirement) or adequate (98% of requirement) phosphorus in a 2 X 2 factorial design. Treatments extended 84 days postpartum after which standard rations were fed. Milk yields were similar until wk 5 of lactation. From wk 5 to 12, cows fed adequate phosphorus (98% of requirement) yielded 1.8 kg/day more milk than high phosphorus groups. Energy did not affect milk yield until wk 9 when persistency of low energy groups declined. High energy groups had almost twice as much disease and higher rectal temperatures than low energy groups in the first 3 mo of lactation. All heifers had temperatures above expected during the 1st mo of lactation. Excess energy should be avoided for the 1st mo of lactation and then gradually increased. Phosphorus should be fed as recommended and no more. PMID- 7264021 TI - Effects of age, temperature-season, and breed on blood characteristics of dairy cattle. AB - Two hundred twenty four dairy cattle (6 mo to second calving) representing four breeds (169 Holstein, 24 Guernsey, 19 Jersey, 12 Brown Swiss) were used to determine effects of age, temperature-season, and breed on blood characteristics. A total of 1183 blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture in the middle of each temperature-season. Covariate age affected blood profile except for hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and albumin. Temperature-season increased or decreased all measures except enzyme creatine phosphokinase, total creatine phosphokinase, calcium and phosphorus. Years differed for all measures except hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin. Except for enzyme creatine phosphokinase, total creatine phosphokinase, and phosphorus, breeds differed in other measures. There were interactions between temperature-season and year, temperature-season and breed, and year and breed. Differences among temperature-seasons were not consistent from year to year. Breed differences were not consistent from temperature-season to temperature-season for calcium or protein-bound iodine. Breed differences were not consistent from year to year for glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, total protein, albumin, or calcium. PMID- 7264022 TI - Linkage relationships among loci of polymorphisms in blood and milk of cattle. AB - Sequential probability tests were employed to examine genetic linkage among, cattle A, B, C, F, J, L, M, S, Z, and R' blood group loci, the hemoglobin locus, the serum transferrin, amylase, and alkaline phosphatase loci, and the milk protein loci beta-lactoglobulin, alpha S1-casein, beta-casein, and kappa-casein. Linkage was evident between the A and hemoglobin loci, the J and beta lactoglobulin loci, the alpha S1-casein and beta-casein loci, the alpha S1-casein and kappa-casein loci, and the beta-casein and kappa-casein loci. Recombination fractions for these respective combinations were 0, .18, .03, .04, and .06. There was a suggestion of possible loose linkage (recombination fraction = .4) between the beta-lactoglobulin locus and the casein complex. Linkage could be excluded for most other combinations at .25 recombination. PMID- 7264023 TI - Colostral immunoglobulin concentration in two fractions of first milking postpartum and five additional milkings. AB - Colostrum removed from mammary glands of parturient cows before letdown contained no greater concentration of immunoglobulins than colostrum collected after letdown and complete milking. Greater absorption of colostral immunoglobulins in calves suckling their dams initially postpartum over those hand fed by buckets or bottles is not from higher concentration of immunoglobulins in the gland and teat cistern. Colostral concentrations of three immunoglobulin classes (G, M, and A) obtained from one partial and six consecutive complete milkings at 12-h intervals postpartum decreased at different rates over time or number of milkings. Potential prophylactic value is discussed of continued lacteal secretion of immunoglobulins A and M available to the calf after intestinal closure to systemic absorption of colostral immunoglobulins. PMID- 7264024 TI - Effect of acetohydroxamic acid on rumen urease activity in vitro. AB - Acetohydroxamic acid at a concentration of 1 X 10(-6) M, 6 X 10(-5) M, and 1 X 10(-3) M inhibited urease of intact rumen microbes in vitro by 11%, 50%, and 74%. Inhibition of rumen urease by the acid reached equilibrium state, unlike jack bean urease. Inhibition was maximum over a broad range of pH (8 to 10) and it did not resemble the pH activity profile of rumen urease. Sulfhydryl compounds did not reverse the inhibition; however, addition of these compounds prior to acetohydroxamic acid addition prevented inhibition. The nature of inhibition was noncompetitive with inhibitor constant 4.8 X 10(-5) M. Acetohydroxamic acid at a concentration that produced 50% urease inhibition did not affect rumen cellulase and proteolytic enzymes in vitro. The complex of acetohydroxamic acid-rumen urease is dissociable on dialysis. PMID- 7264025 TI - Postpartum ovarian function of dairy cows in a tropical environment. AB - Intervals from parturition to first estrus and to the first three ovulations were studied in 25 Holstein and 31 Jamaica Hope cows in Jamaica. Casual observations for signs of estrus were supplemented by twice nightly observation periods. Samples of blood plasma were obtained twice weekly from all cows and assayed for progesterone. The progesterone profile for each cow was used to determine when ovulations occurred. Intervals and standard deviations from parturition to first, second, and third ovulations were 19.8 +/- 8.8, 39.4 +/- 9.0, and 58.6 +/- 9.2 days for Holsteins, which were shorter than the same intervals for Jamaica Hope cows (28.7 +/- 15.6, 46.9 +/- 13.6, and 66.3 +/- 12.6 days). Intervals from parturition to first detected estrus were 46.0 +/- 21.4 days for Holsteins and 45.5 +/- 18.7 days for Jamaica Hopes. There were no significant differences between seasons of calving in intervals to ovulations or in intervals to first detected estrus. Percentages of cows detected in estrus at the first, second, and third ovulations were 19, 61.9, and 57.8% for Holsteins and 43.3, 55.2, and 73.1% for Jamaica Hopes. Holstein cows kept in a tropical environment are capable of returning to a cycling, rebreedable state and of showing detectable signs of estrus as soon after calving as can be expected reasonably. PMID- 7264026 TI - Effect of length of milking interval and fat content on milk conductivity and its use for detecting mastitis. AB - Foremilk and strippings were obtained from 20 cows at the morning and evening milkings where the milking intervals were 14 h and 10 h. Infection status was determined by bacteriological analysis. Conductivity of foremilk and strippings was determined. Cows then were switched to 12 h milking interval, and conductance of foremilk and strippings from both milkings was determined. Conductance of foremilk samples increased after longer milking interval. Accuracy in detecting infections by primary pathogens via conductivity of foremilk was also greater following the long interval. Conductivity of foremilk from morning and evening milkings were, however, similar when the milking interval was even. Conductivity of strippings was affected less by milking interval. Conductance determination on quarter samples from 28 cows on both a whole and fat-free basis indicated an inhibitory effect of milk fat on conductivity. Conductivity of skimmed strippings samples was greater than that of skimmed foremilk samples, indicating higher electrolyte in strippings, and may explain why conductivity of strippings is not significantly lower than of foremilk in spite of the higher fat content in the former PMID- 7264027 TI - Feeding mastitic milk to calves: review. AB - Milk from cows treated with antibiotics for mastitis and other disorders has been fed to young calves in fresh or fermented form. Growth of calves so fed has been similar to that of control animals offered fermented colostrum or other liquid feeds. Incidence of health disorders in mastitis milk-fed calves has been no greater than in those fed control milks. Mastitic milk preserved by addition of propionic acid or formaldehyde was relatively unpalatable to the calves. Limited data indicate that first-lactation cows fed mastitic milk as calves suffered no more udder trouble than did their mates formerly given other liquid feeds. PMID- 7264028 TI - Progressing alteration of parathyroid function in cattle from experimental high and low calcium feeding. AB - Changes in function of the parathyroid gland was studied periodically for 36 days in two groups of calves fed high and low calcium diets. After changes to the experimental diets, parathyroid function was altered in some calves at 9 days of high or low calcium feeding. Parathyroid function was reduced in high calcium feeding and increased in low calcium feeding. These changes increased progressively in intensity with the lapse of time during experimental feeding periods. PMID- 7264029 TI - Transfer of selenium from blood to milk in goats and noninterference of copper with selenium metabolism. AB - The mechanism of selenium secretion by the mammary gland and effects of dietary copper and selenium metabolism on selenium in milk were investigated. Radioactive sodium selective selenite was injected into the jugular vein of lactating goats fed concentrates containing 15 or 115 ppm copper. Blood and milk samples were collected hourly for 8 h and daily for 1 wk. Whole blood, plasma, whole milk, and casein, whey, and cream fractions of milk were counted for selenium-75. No significant differences due to dietary copper were seen. The selenium-75 was primarily associated with the casein in milk. The association of selenium with the whey fraction was greater for early periods than later and varied between animals. The specific activity based on protein content was greater in casein than in whey. Peak selenium-75 in whole milk occurred 2 h after the peak in plasma. On day 7 following selenium-75 dosing, kidney had the highest specific activity, and liver was slightly higher than mammary tissue. All subcellular organelle fractions of liver, kidney, and mammary tissue by homogenization and differential centrifugation contained significant selenium-75. Selenium normally is secreted from the mammary secretory cell in combination with protein through the secretory vesicles, metabolism of selenite prior to milk secretion is important, and copper does not interfere with normal metabolism of selenium. PMID- 7264030 TI - Repeatabilities of serum constituents in Holstein-Friesians affected by feeding, age, lactation, and pregnancy. AB - Effects of feeding regimen (pasture and drylot), physiological stage (lactating pregnant, lactating nonpregnant, and dry), and age on metabolites in blood serum were measured in 100 Holstein Friesian cows over 18 mo. Calcium, cholesterol, uric acid, total protein, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase were affected by physiological stage, whereas feeding regimen affected creatinine. Inorganic phosphate, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, lactic dehydrogenase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were affected by the interaction of stage and regimen. Age of animal affected cholesterol, glucose, and lactic dehydrogenase. Variances among and within cows were not consistent across physiological stages providing different repeatabilities for each stage. For example, total protein was highly repeatable in the two lactating stages but only moderately repeatable in dry animals (.61, .73, .26). Alkaline phosphatase and creatinine had consistently high repeatabilities. PMID- 7264031 TI - Selenium in bovine spermatozoa. AB - This study investigated the association of selenium with ejaculated bovine spermatozoa. Over 75% of the radioactive spermatozoa. Over 75% of the radioactive selenium-75 was released after 30 min of incubation in 2 X 10(-3) dithiothreitol. Of the selenium-75 released by dithiothreitol, 85% was associated with spermatozoal protein. Protein containing selenium-75 was found predominantly in a single band after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular weight was approximately 21,500 daltons. PMID- 7264032 TI - Cross-validation of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery for the presence, lateralization, and localization of brain damage. PMID- 7264033 TI - The social cognitive development of abused children. PMID- 7264034 TI - Effects of knowledge of social learning principles on enhancing treatment outcome and generalization in a parent training program. PMID- 7264035 TI - Assessment of hyperactivity: isolating measures of high discriminant ability. PMID- 7264036 TI - Psychotherapy with depressed elderly patients: research considerations. PMID- 7264037 TI - Sequential analysis of conflict and accord in distressed and nondistressed marital partners. PMID- 7264038 TI - Correlations of male college students' verbal response mode use in psychotherapy with measures of psychological disturbance and psychotherapy outcome. PMID- 7264039 TI - Clinicians' evaluations of psychodynamic psychotherapy: experimental data on psychological peer review. PMID- 7264040 TI - Biofeedback as a placebo: anxiety reduction facilitated by training in either suppression or enhancement of alpha brainwaves. PMID- 7264041 TI - On controlling for patient psychopathology in naturalistic studies of sex bias: a methodological demonstration. PMID- 7264042 TI - Cross-validation of an abbreviated form of the Halstead Category Test. PMID- 7264043 TI - A comparison of solicited and nonsolicited female unipolar depressives for treatment outcome research. PMID- 7264044 TI - Objective clinical rules for interpreting the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: derivation, effectiveness, and validation. PMID- 7264045 TI - Control of the southern cattle tick with insecticide-impregnated ear tags. PMID- 7264046 TI - Testing immature laboratory-reared stable flies and horn flies for susceptibility to insecticides. PMID- 7264047 TI - Mixed venous oxygen content and its meaning. PMID- 7264048 TI - Continuous monitoring of right atrial oxygen tension in patients with myocardial infarction. AB - Right atrial oxygen tension (RAPvO2) was measured continuously in 26 patients admitted to a coronary care unit with acute myocardial infarction. A catheter incorporating a Clark type oxygen sensor at its tip was inserted percutaneously into the right atrium. Insertion was simple, safe and comparable to the introduction of a standard central venous pressure line. RAPvO2 correlated well with the patients' clinical condition and reflected both cardiac and pulmonary function. When breathing air 11 of the patients had sustained RAPvO2 levels of less than 34 mmHg (4.53 kPa). In this group there were eight deaths. Fifteen patients had an RAPvO2 greater than 34 mmHg (4.53 kPa) except for transient falls related to movement and in this group there were no deaths (p less than 0.002). The correction of arterial hypoxaemia by oxygen therapy raised RAPvO2 and lowered the heart rate. In some patients Dopamine and transvenous pacing raised RAPvO2 and could be adjusted with reference to the continuous recording. Movement often caused marked falls in RAPvO2 especially in the seriously ill. Evidence relating RAPvO2 to mixed venous oxygen and tissue oxygen is reviewed. PMID- 7264051 TI - Cognitive correlates of life stress and depression in college students. PMID- 7264050 TI - The causality of causal attributions in depression: a cross-lagged panel correlational analysis. PMID- 7264049 TI - The pathology and biology of uremic pneumonitis. AB - Uremic pneumonitis is included in the "adult respiratory distress syndrome". Diffuse alveolo-capillary damage, interstitial and intraalveolar edema, widespread atelectases, alveolar haemorrhages and pulmonary hyaline membranes are characteristic but not pathognomonic findings in uremic pneumonitits. Investigations showed that uremic pneumonitis results from diffuse permeability disorders of the alveolo-capillary permeability combined with an intrarenal or generalized consumption of coagulation factors, and a subsequent state of hypercoagulability. A comparative morphological and clinical analysis of 66 autopsy cases with severe uremia showed that neither the intensity of the urea retention nor the intensity of the creatinine retention correlate with the morphologic symptoms of uremic pneumonitis. Uremia may induce the basic alveolocapillary damage and the subsequent plasmatic leakage into the alveoli and alveolar ducts but uremia has obviously no influence on the simultaneous formation of pulmonary hyaline membranes and intraalveolar bleedings. Hyaline membranes and intraalveolar bleedings are the entire equivalents of the immediate procoagulative activity of the underlying diseases. PMID- 7264053 TI - Alcohol, expectations, and sexual arousal in males: an information processing analysis. PMID- 7264052 TI - Analgesia for experimentally induced pain: multiple sessions of acupuncture compared to hypnosis in high- and low-susceptible subjects. PMID- 7264054 TI - The impact of videotape playback of hypnotic events on posthypnotic amnesia. PMID- 7264055 TI - Hypnotic dissociation, dichotic listening, and active versus passive modes of attention. PMID- 7264056 TI - Toward the integration of classification theory and methods. PMID- 7264057 TI - The contribution of environmental events and social support to serious suicide attempts in primary depressive disorder. PMID- 7264058 TI - Schematic processing and self-reference in clinical depression. PMID- 7264060 TI - Backward masking as a measure of slow processing in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. PMID- 7264059 TI - Distractibility in children vulnerable to psychopathology. PMID- 7264061 TI - Environmental factors related to schizophrenia in psychophysiologically labile high-risk males. PMID- 7264062 TI - Deficient motor synchrony in schizophrenia. PMID- 7264063 TI - Hypnotically induced limb anesthesia and adaptation to displacing prisms: a failure to confirm. PMID- 7264064 TI - The "hidden observer" phenomenon in hypnosis: some additional findings. PMID- 7264065 TI - Restricted use of success cues in retrieval during posthypnotic amnesia. PMID- 7264068 TI - Effects of the "mentally retarded" label on adult judgments about child failure. PMID- 7264067 TI - Social support and psychological distress: a longitudinal analysis. PMID- 7264069 TI - Biased decision-making processes in aggressive boys. PMID- 7264070 TI - The role of onsets in perception of stop place of articulation: effects of spectral and temporal discontinuity. AB - This study explored the role of onsets on the perception of place of articulation by investigating the effects of later-occurring transitions on the perceptual information residing in the onsets. In particular, the perceptual effects of spectral discontinuities introduced after the burst and early transition of stimulus onset were explored. Identification responses for place of articulation as well as judgment responses for quality and number of syllables were obtained for synthetic CV syllables in which two types of discontinuity were introduced by (1) inserting a silent interval between the stimulus onset (burst and following 3 glottal pulses) and remaining transition and steady-state information, and (2) replacing portions of the transitions and steady-state following the onset with a silent interval. Silent intervals ranged between 8.1 an 56.7 ms. All the stimuli were consistently identified, regardless of the duration of the silent interval or the type of discontinuity introduced. Subjects perceived a discontinuity when the silent interval was greater than 16 ms. These results support the view that the perceptual analysis of stop consonants may be defined in terms of temporally defined window encompassing the burst and early transition information and further confirms the importance of such onsets as determinants of perception of place of articulation. PMID- 7264066 TI - Rearing social class, education, and criminality: a multiple indicator model. PMID- 7264071 TI - Effects of frequency-shifted feedback on the pitch of vocal productions. AB - Previous investigations into the effects of distorted auditory feedback on vocalizations have been limited to manipulations of intensity, background noise, temporal delay, or to selective filtering of frequency. The current study reports the results of real-time shifts of the frequency components of auditory feedback. Subjectively, such shifts are perceived primarily as an alteration in the fundamental frequency (F0) of the speech. Subjects performed a variety of tasks under conditions where they received either normal auditory feedback or frequency shifted feedback. Under normal feedback conditions, subjects maintained approximately constant F0 as instructed. With frequency-shifted feedback, subjects attempted to compensate for the shift by adjusting their F0 up or down such that the resulting feedback appeared to be "normal." PMID- 7264072 TI - Binaural edge pitch. AB - The Huggins pitch effect is created by dichotic broadband noise with interaural phase varying from 0 to 2 pi over a narrow frequency region. The sensation of pitch, corresponding to the frequency of the phase shift region, is usually understood as the result of a binaural differencing operation. We report here a pitch effect created by dichotic broadband noise with interaural phase varying from 0 to pi over a narrow boundary region, creating an edge in a difference channel. We call this effect Binaural Edge Pitch. For experienced listeners the effect is similar in nature and strength to the Huggins pitch. It is strongest for boundary frequencies in the 350--800 Hz range. Pitch matching experiments in this range find that the spread of matches in 1%--2% of the boundary frequency and that the pitch is 4% higher or lower than the boundary frequency. This shift is identical to the shifts which we find for the pitch of high-pass and low-pass noise bands. The correspondence argues strongly for an explanation of the Binaural Edge Pitch in terms of the Equalization--Cancellation Model of binaural processing, and pitch derived from central spectrum. PMID- 7264073 TI - Interactions of masker bandwidth with signal duration and delay in forward masking. AB - Forward-masked thresholds for 1-kHz sinusoidal signals were measured as a function of the bandwidth of a noise masker centered at 1 kHz, using a two interval forced-choice technique. The noise spectrum level was 40 dB SPL/Hz, and noise bandwidth was varied from 50 to 1600 Hz. In experiment I signal duration was varied, with a fixed offset-onset time of 5 ms between masker and signal. For the shortest signal (5 ms) threshold at first increased with increasing bandwidth and then decreased. As signal duration increased, the bandwidth at which maximum masking occurred (the rollover bandwidth) decreased, and for the longest signal (45 ms) maximum masking occurred for the narrowest bandwith tested. In experiment II the silent interval between masker and signal was varied, for a signal of 5-ms duration. Again threshold at first increased with noise bandwidth, and then decreased. However, the rollover bandwidth decreased with increasing silent interval, and threshold varied less with bandwidth. In experiment III signal duration was varied for a fixed offset-offset time of 50 ms between masker and signal. Changes in threshold with noise bandwidth were small, except for the longest signal (45 ms) for which threshold increased markedly at the narrowest bandwidth used. For the wider nose bandwidths, threshold decreased gradually with increasing signal duration, whereas for the narrowest noise bandwidth, threshold increased with increasing duration. It is argued that interactions of excitation and suppression within the internal representation of the masker influence the results, but at least two other factors, detection of energy splatter in the spectrum of the signal and the presence or absence of quality differences between masker and signal, have a powerful influence. PMID- 7264074 TI - Two procedures for estimating internal noise. AB - Internal noise was measured in two paradigms simultaneously. In one method the listener's agreement in choosing the same masker as the one in a pair that sounds most signal-like is used to estimate internal noise [D. M. Green, Psych. Rev. 71, 392--407 (1964)]. In the other the increment in detection performance on those trials having identical as opposed to different maskers is used t estimate internal noise [R. A. Siegel, unpublished Master's thesis, M.I.T. (1979)]. Most results place the estimate of additive internal nose as nearly equal to external noise variability. The estimates from the agreement method can be adversely affected by uncertainty regarding the observation interval and interval biases, whereas the estimates obtained with the detection method are highly sensitive to measurement errors. PMID- 7264075 TI - Auditing nonphysician providers' visits through a computer-assisted system. PMID- 7264076 TI - Bite mark evidence in crimes against persons. PMID- 7264077 TI - Model for an employee wellness project. PMID- 7264078 TI - Health risk appraisal at the college level. PMID- 7264079 TI - Diagnosis of pregnancy. PMID- 7264080 TI - Factors in and methods for maintaining fiscal solvency in the health service of a small research university. PMID- 7264081 TI - The infirmary as a short-term psychiatric facility. PMID- 7264082 TI - Application of a computerized preparticipation medical history for athletes. PMID- 7264083 TI - A description of an outreach program organized by the student health clinic on the campus of University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon. PMID- 7264084 TI - Patients' evaluations of the mental health service at a health sciences campus. PMID- 7264085 TI - Psychotherapy and psychophysiologic disorders: an integrative approach. PMID- 7264086 TI - The nurse practitioner: competitive or collaborative? PMID- 7264087 TI - New issues in an old dilemma: the confidentiality of mental health records. PMID- 7264089 TI - Alcohol education project: preliminary answers. PMID- 7264088 TI - Evaluating a health risk reduction program. PMID- 7264090 TI - Administrative theory: a student health application. PMID- 7264091 TI - Positive pregnancy tests at Stanford: a follow up study, 1978-1980. PMID- 7264093 TI - The role of the pharmacist in the delivery of family planning services to college students. PMID- 7264092 TI - Gender preferences for providers of health and counseling services. PMID- 7264094 TI - Results of a recent survey of funding patterns of student health services. PMID- 7264095 TI - Great expectations: preventive health concepts in childbearing and parenting for college students. PMID- 7264096 TI - The student health newsletter: an evaluation. PMID- 7264097 TI - Campus health education: the plan, the program and the paradigm. PMID- 7264098 TI - The college health advisor and the college age adoptee. PMID- 7264099 TI - Natural family planning: women deserve the truth. PMID- 7264101 TI - An immunochemical method to measure atmospheric allergens. AB - Because particulate aeroallergens may exist in amorphous form as well as in pollen grains and fungal spores and because symptoms of allergic diseases presumably correlate with the total amount of allergen exposure, an immunochemical method of assay of aeroallergens would be useful. We report such a method based on (1) capture of airborne pollen, fungal spores, and amorphous particles 0.3 micrometer in diameter on fiberglass sheets with a high-volume air sampler; (2) elution of the sheets with buffered saline; and (3) analysis of eluate allergen content by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition assays. In preliminary indoor experiments we applied various quantities of short ragweed (SRW) pollen or dry Alternaria powder to the sheets while airflow was maintained at 1.19 m3/min. We compared techniques for extraction of allergen from the sheets, including homogenization, cutting and soaking, and descending elution of sheets. Although all three methods successfully extracted allergen from the sheets, an 8-hr descending elution procedure was optimal from the standpoint of yield and convenience. Eluates from filters exposed to as little as 4 mg of SRW pollen or Alternaria powder produced satisfactory RAST inhibition curves. When the sampler was operated outdoors continuously we could measure the atmospheric allergenic activity for both Alternaria and SRW from July to September. This allergenic activity was highly correlated with the traditional morphologic counts of airborne ragweed pollen and Alternaria spores. PMID- 7264100 TI - Clinical and immunologic correlations in trimellitic anhydride airway syndromes. AB - Twenty workers exposed to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) powder were evaluated to correlate respiratory symptoms with total antibody activity against trimellityl human serum albumin (TM-HSA). Further, specific IgG, IgA, and IgE against TM-HSA were compared to total specific antibody levels against that antigen. The workers were categorized clinically as having either the late respiratory systemic syndrome (LRSS), immediate rhinitis and asthma, or an irritant reaction. There were no histories compatible with the pulmonary disease--anemia syndrome. Total antibody and IgG antibody activity to TM-HSA correlated well (R8 = 0.75, p less than 0.05). Total antibody activity was found in almost all TMA-exposed workers, it did not discriminate the symptomatic workers from asymptomatic workers as well as did the IgG or total antibody determinations. IgE antibody activity against TM HSA was elevated in one worker with immediate-type asthma. Previous studies correlated symptoms caused by TMA inhalation with antibody activity. This study indicates that clinical assessment plus total antibody determination or IgG antibody and IgE antibody determination should establish a means of diagnosis of the presence or absence of immunologic respiratory disease caused by TMA powder. PMID- 7264105 TI - Recent advances in infant psychiatry. PMID- 7264104 TI - Hypersensitivity reaction to kiwi fruit (Chinese gooseberry, Actinidia chinensis). AB - This report describes a hypersensitivity reaction to kiwi fruit in a patient who developed moderately severe generalized symptoms after handling the fruit. A search of the literature did not reveal any previous reference to kiwi-fruit sensitivity. It is suggested that IgE antibody is an important factor in the reaction. PMID- 7264103 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors in normal human eosinophils: comparison with neutrophils. AB - Saturation analysis with [3H]-dexamethasone was employed to measure glucocorticoid binding in purified preparations of human eosinophils and neutrophils. Eosinophils contained 10.8 +/- 1.3 x 10(3) high-affinity receptor sites per cell, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 15.3 +/- 0.6 nM dexamethasone. Cortisol was capable of competing with [3H]-dexamethasone in the binding reaction, whereas progesterone, estradiol, estriol, and testosterone were less effective. Saturable glucocorticoid binding in neutrophils had a Kd of 17.7 +/- 0.8 nM dexamethasone with 11.1 +/- 0.8 x 10(3) sites per cell and displayed similar steroid specificity. These data indicate that normal human eosinophils have glucocorticoid receptors with characteristics similar to those in neutrophils and that in these cells ligand-receptor interaction can occur at physiologic glucocorticoid concentrations. Furthermore, these results suggest that certain glucocorticoid effects on eosinophils and neutrophils may be mediated through specific receptors. PMID- 7264102 TI - Bronchospasm caused by intravenous hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Solu-Cortef) in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. AB - Eleven patients with intrinsic asthma and aspirin sensitivity were challenged with intravenous hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Solu-Cortef; the Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.). Three patients showed definite evidence of bronchospasm, which was easily reversed by subcutaneous administration of epinephrine. Evidence is presented which suggests that this reaction was not caused by other constituents of the preparation but rather was caused by Solu-Cortef alone. No atopy was demonstrated in the group as a whole, and the reaction observed was probably nonallergic in nature. We suggest the replacement of intravenous hydrocortisone sodium succinate with dexamethasone in the treatment of such a population. PMID- 7264106 TI - Clinical assessment in infancy utilizing structured playroom situations. PMID- 7264107 TI - A community survey of characteristics of one- to two- year-olds with sleep disruptions. PMID- 7264109 TI - The diagnosis of attention deficit disorder (hyperkinesis) in children. PMID- 7264108 TI - Infant response to rejection of physical contact by the mother: aggression, avoidance, and conflict. PMID- 7264110 TI - The relationship between learning disabilities, hyperactivity, distractibility, and behavioral problems: a clinical analysis. PMID- 7264111 TI - Indications for family therapy: question or non-question? PMID- 7264112 TI - Marketing strategy: a key leverage point for dietitians. AB - The time is right for planned change in the profession of dietetics. The concept of the nutrition support team offers the clinical dietitian a means of increasing the visibility and effectiveness of dietetic services. Dietitians must take advantage of the renewed interest in nutrition and intervene assertively to improve nutritional care through role expansion. By focusing on a systematic marketing strategy to expand their current role, dietitians can become proactive participants in role change, rather than reactive victims to changes dictated by others. When goals, objectives, and plans are made explicit, definite progress toward desired role changes can be recognized. This case study demonstrates that this change in role is possible within the present state of health case systems and that physicians are willing and even eager to allow dietitians to assume a high degree of responsibility for nutritional care. PMID- 7264115 TI - Measuring individual plate waste in school lunches. Visual estimation and children's ratings vs. actual weighing of plate waste. AB - Weighing individual plate waste is time consuming and often impractical. As alternatives, two indirect measures were evaluated-visual estimation and children's ratings of plate waste. Visual estimations were highly correlated with percent waste (r = 0.93) and were quite accurate. Ratings by children were less accurate but were still considered a useful indirect measure that should be further developed. PMID- 7264113 TI - Selenium in self-selected diets of Maryland residents. AB - The mean selenium level in six self-selected, daily diets chosen by each of 22 free-living Maryland residents was 81 +/- 41 microgram. per day. Diets that were higher in selenium also were significantly higher in copper, iron, magnesium, and manganese and slightly higher in zinc. However, in general, the levels of these minerals were low, probably because of low consumption of grains, legumes, and nuts. Diets higher in selenium contained more fish and less processed meat than other diets. PMID- 7264116 TI - Effect of microwave heating in cook/chill food service system. Energy balance for heating beef loaf. AB - In the microwave-heating subsystem of the simulated cook/chill food service, 100 gm. portions of precooked beef loaf were heated 80 sec. (2,450 mHz; 237 V.; 3,003 W. input power; 1,407 W. output power) to a mean internal end temperature of 82 +/- 9 degrees C. Mean input power to the microwave oven during heating, controlled by a transformer, was 240 kJ. per 80 sec. Fifty-three percent of the input power to the microwave oven was used to operate the oven. Of the 47 percent output power available to heat the beef loaf, 12 percent of the total input power was estimated to heat beef loaf, 17 percent was estimated to evaporate water from beef loaf, and 18 percent was attributed to miscellaneous energy losses. PMID- 7264114 TI - Taste thresholds of individuals with diabetes mellitus and of control subjects. AB - This study was designed to determine whether any difference in taste acuity exists between individuals with a diagnosis of Type I diabetes mellitus and control subjects. Detection and recognition thresholds were evaluated for sodium chloride, sucrose, citric acid, and quinine sulfate. The results indicate that diabetes or age can decrease an individual's ability to detect and recognize sweet, salty, and bitter solutions. Decreased taste acuity in individuals with diabetes may be an important factor in the perception of food. PMID- 7264117 TI - The dietitian: a key member of the diabetes team. AB - For diabetes management and education to be effective goals should be set by a team of health professionals with the input and cooperation of the individual with diabetes. The dietitian needs to be an active member of the team. To participate effectively, the dietitian must be knowledgeable not only about nutrition and food but also about the total diabetes management program. The systems approach of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation can then be used for effective nutritional counseling. This approach will provide the dietitian with the means to apply her special skills and knowledge. PMID- 7264118 TI - A model preschool for patients with phenylketonuria. PMID- 7264119 TI - Patient nutrition education follow-up in the hospital setting. AB - Ideally, hospital patients should have the opportunity as outpatients for continued nutritional counseling by a dietitian or nutritionist. However, when this is not feasible, alternate methods can be developed to provide some follow up and improve nutritional care. The outpatient nutrition education questionnaire is one such tool that can be implemented and utilized to give the patient an opportunity to ask for further help, while alerting the dietitian to patients needing further assistance. PMID- 7264120 TI - The dietitian volunteers for community service. PMID- 7264121 TI - The dietitian makes home visits. PMID- 7264122 TI - "Skinny bunch" club. PMID- 7264123 TI - Analysis of the 1980 heat wave in Memphis. AB - During the heat wave of 1980, average daily temperatures in Memphis first rose above the mean on June 25 and remained elevated for 26 consecutive days. In July, 1980, 83 heat-related deaths were recorded as compared to non in July 1979. Most of these deaths occurred in elderly, poor, black, inner-city residents. There was a statistically significant increase in total mortality rates, death from natural causes, cardiovascular mortality rates, and the rate for persons dead on arrival. Virtually all the excess mortality was in persons over the age of 60. The rise in heat-related emergency room visits occurred three days prior to the rise in heat related deaths. Local planning for future heat waves should focus on the inner city black elderly. Heat-related deaths and emergency room visits should be reported to public health officials. PMID- 7264124 TI - Hyperparathyroidism in the elderly. AB - A survey was made on the records of 40 patients aged 60 or older who were operated on at Boston University Medical Center over a 10-year period for suspected primary hyperparathyroidism. Mild or "asymptomatic" presentation was virtually the rule, with many patients having become accustomed to some degree of decreased well-being. The findings were compared with those in other reviews of the clinical manifestations of hyperparathyroidism, in both general and elderly populations of patients. Issues of screening for mild or asymptomatic disease, especially among the elderly, are discussed. PMID- 7264126 TI - Urinary-tract infections: etiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. AB - The increased incidence of urinary-tract infections (UTI) may be due to prolonged human longevity, increased drug resistance of pathogens, poor resistance of the urothelium and the existence of bacterial L forms. About 95 percent of recurrent infections are re-infections. The most common uropathogen is Escherichia coli, and the most virulent is Pseudomonas. UTI may be manifested as: a) asymptomatic bacteriuria, b) acute uncomplicated infection, c) acute complicated infection, or d) recurrent infection. Recurrent infections usually are refractory to treatment, and are caused by a pathogen different from the original one. Upper-tract (kidney) infections are difficult to cure, whereas bladder infections respond favorably. Prostatitis also responds poorly because effective drug levels are difficult to attain in prostatic tissue. Results of the antibody-coated bacteria test (ACB) and the bladder-washout test are helpful in locating the site of infection. Detailed outlines concerning diagnosis, management, chemotherapy and prophylaxis provide data on various types of infection and the effects of specific antimicrobial agents and other drugs at different sites in the urinary tract. A current plan for short-course prophylaxis does not fulfill expectations. PMID- 7264127 TI - Laryngeal carcinoma with synchronous or metachronous bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Primary carcinoma of the lung may accompany or follow primary carcinoma of the larynx. This relationship was noted in 2 patients in whom the tumors occurred synchronously, and in 3 in whom they occurred metachronously. The lung cancer with bronchopulmonary symptoms in the synchronous group, and with an abnormal radiographic shadow (1 to 5 years after treatment for laryngeal carcinoma) in the metachronous group. The lung growth (squamous-cell carcinoma) was confined to the upper lobes. The patients were all heavy cigarette smokers. The epithelium of the entire respiratory tract seems susceptible to malignant change. Patients who have undergone treatment for laryngeal carcinoma should be followed by periodic radiologic examination, as they are at greater risk for the development of a new malignant lesion in the lung. Moreover, patients with bronchogenic carcinoma require routine laryngoscopic examination to discover or rule out any coexistent primary growth in the larynx. PMID- 7264125 TI - Young-old versus old-old and the use of health services. Does the difference make a difference? AB - The literature indicates the necessity for different levels of health service for various age cohorts among the elderly. The present study concerns the relationship between age cohorts and the use of community-based ancillary health services in comparison with other enabling, predisposing, and health status factors. In a probability sample of Western Canadian older persons, three enabling variables were found to be most closely associated with the use of such health service, i.e., knowledge of health services, education, and monthly family income. Age difference among the elderly, a predisposing variable, were unrelated. Implications for the delivery of health services are discussed. PMID- 7264128 TI - A brief life-graft technique for work with geriatric patients. AB - Patients aged over 60 or older from the practice of a private physician (n = 32) and from a geriatric outpatient clinic (n = 132) responded to a questionnaire designed to assess perceived present and future health, treatment expectations, and general future projection. Of interest was the extent to which present health, as measured by a brief life-graft technique, might be predictive of perceptions in these other areas. Results from two samples were consistent in suggesting that present health ratings were related to anticipated future health, general future projection, and certain treatment expectations. However, expectations of when benefits from treatment would begin, and of the probable duration of treatment, were not predicted in either sample. The life-graft technique seems useful for practitioners' interactions with older patients and for understanding these patients' extended view of their health. PMID- 7264129 TI - Sex and the aging process. AB - The elderly tend to be victims of "age-ism," a false concept that discourages consideration of sexual activity in old age. Geriatric sexual activity is a vital issue, however, and proper management of attendant problems has great bearing upon mental and physical health. The inevitable processes of aging necessitate adjustments, but these can be accomplished satisfactorily by enlightened understanding between sexual partners. PMID- 7264130 TI - Polymorphonuclear functions and aging in humans. AB - To determine whether normal aging interferes with the functional capability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), 6 tests of PMN function were performed in 285 healthy subjects whose ages ranged from 20 to 97 years. A second selection based upon blood measurement and a review of medical histories 6 months later, eliminated 68 subjects. The 217 remaining persons were sub-classed by age into 7 groups including equal numbers of males and females. The functional properties of PMNs in the aged, when compared to those of younger adults, were characterized by: (a) a decrease in the chemotactic response in the 80+ age group: (b) increased adherence, with onset after age 70, maximal after age 80; (c) a progressive decrease of NBT dye reduction capability, up to age 70-79, followed by an unexplained increase of the mean value after age 80; (d) diminished Candida killing activity, appearing in the 60+ group and becoming lowest in the oldest group; and (e) lack of changes in spontaneous migration and endocytosis. The mechanisms by which this impairment occurs are hypothetical. It is proposed that normal PMNs, after leaving the bone marrow, are influenced by various humoral components such as metabolic byproducts or immune processes altered by aging. Thus the defective PMN may represent only another victim of the aging process. PMID- 7264131 TI - Assessment of elderly patients at home: a report of fifty cases. AB - Fifty elderly patients were assessed at home by physicians trained in geriatric medicine. The patients had been referred by physicians, relatives, or community services. Reasons for referral usually were nonspecific and involved either a request for overall assessment or recommendations about placement. Assessment included medical, psychiatric, social and functional components. Mental impairment and impairment in the activities of daily living were common. New medical or psychiatric diagnoses were contributed in 36 instances. The most frequent previously unnoticed pathologic disorders were mental impairment and depression. Assessment resulted in specialists' advice concerning such matters as the medication program, placement, increased support, further diagnostic work and, in two instances, prompt admission to a hospital. PMID- 7264132 TI - Hemodynamics of the carotid-artery circulation in the elderly "dizzy" patient. AB - One hundred and one consecutive patients complaining of dizziness were assessed by noninvasive carotid-artery testing, including oculoplethysmography, supraorbital directional Doppler and direct carotid flow Doppler. Hemodynamically significant carotid disease was found in 8 of 34 patients with the nonspecific complaint of "lightheadedness," in 4 of 21 patients with syncope, in 3 of 12 patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency, and in 7 of 27 patients with associated focal cerebral signs or symptoms. None of 7 patients with vertigo alone were affected. In summary, 21 of the 101 patients with dizziness had hemodynamically significant obstruction to flow in the carotid-artery circulation. These findings suggest that in a fairly large proportion of patients complaining of dizziness, the symptoms may be the result of decreased cerebral perfusion due to carotid-artery occlusive disease. In these patients, noninvasive carotid-artery testing appears to be useful in identifying those with significant obstruction to blood flow in the carotid-artery circulation. PMID- 7264133 TI - Overdiagnosis of dementia. AB - Accurate diagnosis of the dementias is difficult. Of 100 patients referred to a specialized outpatient dementia clinic, at least 26 were not demented. Fifteen had depression, 7 had miscellaneous other neuropsychiatric disorders, and 4 were normal. Specialized dementia clinics help to improve diagnostic accuracy. Three diagnostic errors appeared particularly important: failure to recognize depression, especially in the presence of mild organic brain disease; equating brain atrophy on the computerized tomogram with clinical dementia; and failure to distinguish focal from global intellectual impairment. For confirmation, the diagnosis of dementia requires follow-up evaluation, brain biopsy, or autopsy. PMID- 7264134 TI - Effectiveness of a Service Workers' Action Team (SWAT) for the elderly. AB - The Service Workers Action Team (SWAT) is a three-year, community-based demonstration project for the elderly, with the primary goal of improving or maintaining psychosocial and physical functioning. With baseline scores and selected demography data os covariates, 243 experimental SWAT recipients were compared (MANOVA) with 158 controls after six months, with respect to: 1) Hopkin's Symptom Checklist, 2) Social Participation Scale, 3) Life Satisfaction Scale, 4) Self-Esteem Scale, 5) Activities of Daily Living, and 6) four selected health-related questions. The frequency of responses for the experimental elderly were computed for program satisfaction at the time of follow-up. In terms of psychosocial functioning, the experimental group fared significantly better at six months than did the control group. In terms of health, both groups declined in functional status, as evidenced by their scores on Activities of Daily Living, though the experimental subjects still were significantly better than the controls. The majority of the experimental group found the program to be helpful, with suggestions made for program expansion. PMID- 7264135 TI - Importance of resident placement within a skilled nursing facility. AB - Specific attention to the placement of nursing-home residents within a skilled nursing facility is often neglected. a study was made of the effects on mental and emotional status, sensory perception, and capability for the needs of daily living when a mentally incompetent resident was placed as a room-mate with a competent resident. By means of a rating scale designed for this study, the mentally competent subjects were assessed before and after this type of placement. A significant change occurred in mental and emotional status (p less than 0.001) but there was no change in either sensory perception or the ability to perform the tasks of daily living. The data suggest that the placement of a mentally incompetent resident with one who is mentally competent may result in an alteration of mental and emotional status for the latter. It is important that placement conditions be considered in the initial processing of all nursing-home residents. PMID- 7264136 TI - Fatal digoxin-quinidine interaction in an elderly woman. AB - The medical records of an elderly woman revealed strong evidence of a lethal digoxin-quinidine interaction. This case and several problems contributing to digitalis toxicity are presented. Physicians should be more aware of the potential toxicities involved in cardioactive drug therapy in the elderly. Current concepts of the quinidine-digoxin interaction are discussed. PMID- 7264137 TI - The role of vaginal hysterectomy in the aged woman. AB - The results of vaginal hysterectomy in 85 women over the age of 65 were reviewed. All the patients' complaints were attributable to uterine prolapse but the frequency of occurrence was not proportional to the given patients' degree of disability. Spinal anesthesia was used the most frequently, as it is usually not contraindicated in the elderly. Certain postoperative complications were encountered, but these did not cause prolongation of the hospital stay. No postoperative deaths occurred. Most of the patients showed complete improvement in terms of personal activity. It is concluded that vaginal hysterectomy for uterine prolapse is a safe and beneficial operation in the elderly and is preferable to the more limited procedures employed years earlier. PMID- 7264138 TI - Competency and humanism. PMID- 7264139 TI - Optometry and the drug enforcement administration. AB - Since the passage in 1971 of the first statutory law specifically authorizing optometrist to utilize pharmaceutical agents in the practice of their profession, optometry's responsibility and relationship to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has been poorly defined. This paper describes the function of the Drug Enforcement Administration and proposes a strengthened optometric relationship with this important federal agency. Optometry's further development as a provider of primary eye and vision are services depends, in part, on this unique relationship. PMID- 7264140 TI - Posterior vitreous detachment. AB - Symptoms of floaters and light flashes are a common reason patients seek eye care. Posterior vitreous detachment is a frequent cause of these symptoms and is usually benign. However, a posterior vitreous detachment in combination with other retinal anomalies can indicate potentially damaging visual changes. The following discussion and case report presents the incidence, dynamics, management, and possible consequences of a posterior vitreous detachment. PMID- 7264141 TI - Geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium: diagnosis and vision rehabilitation. AB - Senile macular disease has been found to be a common cause of legal blindness and visual impairment. The spectrum of clinical manifestations can present many variations of exudative and non-exudative disease. Three cases of one manifestation, geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, are described with emphasis on differential diagnosis from a clinically similar disease, central areolar choroidal dystrophy. It has been reported that patients with central areolar choroidal dystrophy do not respond well to magnification. We found that patients with geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment respond well to magnification and vision rehabilitation. PMID- 7264142 TI - Vision care in health system plans. AB - The establishment of Health System Agencies, with the responsibility of developing a Health Systems Plan and Annual Implementation Plan, enables community vision care needs to be addressed in a logical and rational manner. Vision care program and activities that could be incorporated into these plans are discussed as they relate to HSP development and to a suggested HSP classification system. PMID- 7264143 TI - Part I. Seg insect for the "executive" multifocal. (Or it really can be done the way you want it). AB - Design principles of the one-piece Franklin type bifocal are described and illustrated. Correct (and incorrect) methods for verifying decentration are explained. Examples of typical decentration problems are given as well as explicit instructions for telling the lab how to lay out the blank for surfacing. A formula for determining the maximum frame/lens size that will cut out of a given blank is provided. PMID- 7264144 TI - Choroidal pigmentation - a differential diagnosis. AB - Using only a few tests, it was possible to differentially diagnose a benign choroidal nevus with overlying medullation. Having revealed a flat retina with no apparent mass in the area, the ultrasound B-scan initially ruled out a choroidal malignant melanoma, choroidal hemangioma, metastatic tumor and a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and application of the Goldmann 3-mirror gonioscopy lens revealed that the lesion was not a retinal detachment. Due to the location of the lesion, disciform macular degeneration was also ruled out. Fluorescein angiography was the final test which aided in the definitive differential diagnosis, since it was characteristic of a choroidal nevus. Even though not all possible choroidal nevi need such an extensive work up, occasionally specialized test can aid in the differential diagnosis of benign from potentially malignant lesions. PMID- 7264145 TI - Office design. PMID- 7264146 TI - The McBride bunionectomy with closing abductory wedge osteotomy: a postoperative review. PMID- 7264147 TI - Diabetic peripheral neuropathies affecting the lower extremity. PMID- 7264148 TI - Hypertensive ischemic ulcers of the leg. PMID- 7264149 TI - Overview and results of a foot health screening project. PMID- 7264150 TI - Postaxial polydactyly with polymetatarsia. a case report. PMID- 7264151 TI - Diabetes and syphilis in a patient with ingrown toenails: a case report. PMID- 7264152 TI - Hyperbaric oxygenation and ulcer treatment: a case report. PMID- 7264153 TI - Pedal spider bite (arachnidism): report of two similar cases. PMID- 7264154 TI - The chemical matricectomy: a commentary. PMID- 7264155 TI - ASIF Akin osteotomy: a new method of fixation. PMID- 7264156 TI - Podiatric sports medicine: runner's knee examination form. PMID- 7264157 TI - Reiter's syndrome: a review and case report. PMID- 7264158 TI - Accessory navicular: appearance of a synovial joint. PMID- 7264159 TI - An anomalous tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle. PMID- 7264160 TI - Bone regeneration in digital surgery. PMID- 7264161 TI - An analysis of future demand for podiatric services. PMID- 7264162 TI - The sudden onset of digital ischemia in a diabetic: a case report. PMID- 7264163 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst on the foot: report of a case and review. PMID- 7264164 TI - Correction of severe adult congenital talipes equinovarus: a case report. PMID- 7264165 TI - Foot wear and the podiatrist: the wondrous world of leather. PMID- 7264166 TI - The unified forefoot: a mathematical model in the transverse plane. PMID- 7264167 TI - Talipes equinovarus: current concepts. PMID- 7264168 TI - Ainhum (dactylosis spontanea): a literature review and case report. PMID- 7264169 TI - Aggressive infiltrating plantar fibromatosis. PMID- 7264170 TI - Sinography in the diagnosis of foot infections. PMID- 7264171 TI - Subungual keratoacanthoma: a case report. PMID- 7264172 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma: a review of the literature and case report. PMID- 7264173 TI - Perfusion cast dressing: a conservative means for treating cutaneous ulcerations. PMID- 7264174 TI - Unilateral Chopart's joint subluxation. PMID- 7264175 TI - Health care in the 1980s: a view from Capitol Hill. PMID- 7264176 TI - President's message: inaugural address. PMID- 7264177 TI - Empathy: its nature and limitations. AB - Empathy is usually regarded as an irreducible inborn capacity, operative from birth, for knowing the inner experience of another person without necessarily perceiving cues from that person about his thoughts or feelings. Merging of the type characteristic of early infant-mother symbiosis has often been considered the origin and basic component of empathy. However, merging is an illusory experience which cannot function as an active mechanism in the perceptual process, and the psychological structures needed for certain kinds of empathy do not commence development until eighteen months of age. The mechanism of empathy has also been ascribed to vaguely defined variants of identification. This is not a settled issue, but the idea is not compatible with a recent rigorous effort to define identification. The author offers a different theory of empathy, according to which empathy is a capacity that evolves with neuropsychological maturation and interpersonal interactions in the course of individual development. Empathy depends on sensory perception of behavioral cues from the object about his inner state. The empathizer compares these behavioral cues with one or more kinds of referent in this own mind which could be expressed by similar behavior. He then infers that the inner experience of the object qualitatively matches that associated with his referent. Limitations in the accuracy and scope of empathy are threefold: patients may limit or distort the expression of behavioral cues about their state of mind; referents available in the mind of the empathizer may be inadequate; and the inferential process is inherently uncertain. As a result, knowledge of another person's thoughts and feelings which can be acquired through empathy is limited. The theoretical understanding of empathy offered in this paper implies ways for improving empathic accuracy, especially by means of applying two or more kinds of referents to the same set of perceived cues. PMID- 7264178 TI - The perspective of the self-representation: some clinical implications. AB - The concept of the self-representation is offered as a framework for viewing clinical phenomena. As a final common pathway evolving from ego, superego, and id, the self-representation provides the "set" that organizes and gives a special quality to ego functions and object relations under pressure of unconscious wishes. Attention to the shifts of cathexes within the self-representation, to the forces that produce stability or instability within it, and to the defensive measures employed to correct instability is proposed as an approach which expands the analyst's--and ultimately the patient's--insights. Therapeutic change involves the progressive integration of new units of the self-representation. Older functional aspects of the self-representation and the object relations connected with them must be relinquished. Such renunciations frequently evoke reactions in response to loss both of the "parts" of the self and of the object. Such reactions merit careful therapeutic scrutiny. PMID- 7264179 TI - The bipolar self in the psychoanalytic treatment process: clinical-theoretical considerations. AB - This study of "The Two analyses of Mr. Z." compared and contrasted the different clinical and theoretical approaches to the understanding and explanation of the patient's psychopathology and the significantly different outcome of each analytic experience. The conclusion was reached that viewing Mr. Z.'s emerging psychopathology in the transference as defensive against a central, oedipal transference neurosis, precluded the full mobilization and working through of Mr. Z.'s self-pathology in the first analysis. This approach has thus led to limited therapeutic results, mainly through the patient's compliance with the analyst's expectations. The recognition of essentially the same clinical data, as expressions of a mirror transference first and of an idealizing transference later on--the core elements of the new theory--expanded the depth and breadth of the second analytic process. This approach has led to: (1) more accurate genetic reconstructions, (2) a better grasp of the nature of Mr. Z.'s psychopathology, and (3) more profound therapeutic results via transmuting internalizations in the working-through process of the selfobject transferences. PMID- 7264181 TI - Notes on the concepts of selfobject and preoedipal object. AB - Kohut's (1979) paper, "The two analyses of Mr. Z.," is used to highlight difficulties in the maintenance of an analytic attitude toward certain preoedipal conflicts. It is suggested that two separate and distinct issues are confused in the concept of selfobject: the subject's needs for the object and the status of the object as not separate and distinct from the subject. This obfuscates the subject's relation to the object, neglecting attitudes, representations, feelings, and valuations of the object. Distinctions between "need-satisfying object" and "specific object" are used to clarify the status and multiple functions required of the selfobject. The author disagrees that it is useful to differentiate selfobjects from a more general class of preoedipal objects. The motivational forces presumed for selfobject relationships are criticized as experience-distant, nonaffective, metapsychological constructs. The position is taken that etiology in selfobject pathology is more complex than deficits in parental empathy. Interrelations between developmental deficits and psychic conflict are examined; they indicate that insufficient attention has been paid to the role of defense in the concept of selfobject relationship. PMID- 7264180 TI - The bipolar self: discussion of alternative perspectives. PMID- 7264182 TI - The survivor syndrome: further observations and dimensions. AB - Clinical experience over three and a half decades in the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of close to 2000 concentration camp survivors indicates that we are dealing with a type of massive traumatization of such magnitude and severity as to cause a recognizable clinical entity I have named "the survivor syndrome," which develops irrespective of age, sex, and individual or sociocultural background. The clinical symptoms and characteristic features of this syndrome are described in some detail. The condition is chronic, in many cases severe, and presents unique difficulties to both patient and therapist. The influence of the psychic disturbances on the offspring is frequent and notable. Further research on the syndrome and comparative studies on its occurrence in survivors of natural disasters is suggested. But one fact can be stated with certainty: The effects of the holocaust on the survivors linger on. PMID- 7264183 TI - A clinical report of penis envy: its multiple meanings and defensive function. PMID- 7264184 TI - The nature of literary psychology. PMID- 7264185 TI - Autoradiographic study of the right stellate ganglionic fibers to the cat heart. AB - Autoradiographic techniques have been employed to demonstrate the distribution of the postganglionic sympathetic cardiac fibers originating from the right stellate ganglion in 3 cats. After exposing the ganglion through a right thoracotomy, a total of 500 muCi of tritiated leucine was injected into the right stellate ganglion of each cat. After 3 days the animals were sacrificed by vascular perfusion. The injected ganglia, the heart and great vessels were processed for autoradiography. The majority of the right stellate ganglionic fibers travelled between the trachea and aortic arch, and entered the cardiac fibers travelled between the trachea and aortic arch, and entered the cardiac plexus. Continuing through the plexus, these fibers coursed between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary arterial trunk to form a periarterial plexus around the left coronary artery and its branches. Most of the fibers followed the distribution of the ventral descending branch of the left coronary artery; a few followed the circumflex artery. A conspicuous subepicardial plexus was derived from the periarterial plexus and was most prominent in the cranial half of the left ventricle. Other fibers arising from the right stellate ganglion descended between the cranial vena cava and the right branch of the pulmonary artery. These ramified on the dorsolateral surface of the right atrium, and also formed a large bundle which passed caudally through the interatrial septum. PMID- 7264186 TI - Autonomic innervation of the tongue: a horseradish peroxidase study in the dog. AB - Autonomic ganglia have been found along the lingual nerve in the rostral two thirds of the canine tongue and along the glossopharyngeal nerve in the caudal glandular third of the tongue [4,17,18]. A 30% horseradish peroxidase (HRP) solution was injected throughout these ganglionated areas in order to identify the origin of the preganglionic fibers to the lingual ganglia. These injections resulted in ipsilateral retrograde labeling of small multipolar neurons in the lateral reticular formation of the medulla oblongata. The same injections labeled neurons in the ipsilateral cranial cervical ganglion, but preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the thoracic spinal cord were not labeled. These findings indicated that the lingual ganglia consist of parasympathetic neurons which receive preganglionic projections from the medulla. The lingual preganglionic neurons were located within the nucleus reticularis parvicellularis and, in this location, were co-extensive with salivatory neurons that labeled after HRP injections in the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands. A degree of somatotopic organization within the lingual preganglionic group was indicated by the results of regional injections of enzyme and was confirmed by performing unilateral chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal neurectomies prior to extensive bilateral injections of HRP. PMID- 7264187 TI - Classical conditioning of heart rate and blood pressure in Macaca mulatta. AB - Classical delay conditioning of heart rate, and of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, was carried out in 16 rhesus monkeys. Blood pressure and inter systolic interval were measured from an in-dwelling arterial catheter; recordings were taken prior to conditioned stimulus (CS) on each trial, during a 20 sec visual stimulus that filled the conditioned-unconditioned stimulus (CS-UCS) interval, and following UCS (a brief electric tail-shock). The heart rate response both to CS and to UCS was biphasic (acceleration followed by deceleration); the blood pressure response functions were more complex, and were different for the CS and post-UCS periods. Comparison of the patterns of cardiac and blood pressure responses on any trial indicates a possible sequence of baroreceptor reflex activity. PMID- 7264188 TI - Tonic descending inhibition of the spinal somato-sympathetic reflex from the lower brain stem. AB - In chloralose-anaesthetized cats the spinal and supraspinal components of the somato-sympathetic reflex were evoked in the white ramus at T3 and/or L2 by stimulation of intercostal and spinal nerves. A reversible blockade of all ascending and descending spinal pathways was performed by cooling the spinal cord between the second and third cervical segment. Total blockade of conduction was produced at temperatures below 8.5 degrees C (281.5 K). The spinal blockade produced the following reversible effects. (1) Mean arterial pressure fell to 30 50 mm Hg (4.0-6.7 kpa) and the tonic background activity in the white ramus was reduced to 0-24% of control (mean 12.1 +/- 10.0%). (2) The amplitude of the early spinal reflex was increased from 100% to 111-316% (mean 200.9 +/- 49.5%, n = 49) at the thoracic level and to 125-342% (mean 181.4 +/- 74.4%, n = 7) at the lumbar level. The onset latency of the spinal reflex at T3 (range 8-21 msec) was shortened by 0.5-3.0 msec (mean 1.7 +/- 0.9 msec). (3) Supraspinal components were completely abolished. (4) Neither baroreceptor denervation nor midcollicular decerebration altered these effects. (5) The cold block induced increase of the amplitude of the spinal reflex was reduced by the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine; this effect was reversed by the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine. Selective cooling of the dorsolateral funiculus caused the same effects on the spinal and supraspinal reflexes as cold block of the whole spinal cord. From these findings it is concluded that in the anaesthetized cat the spinal component of the somato-sympathetic reflex is modulated by a descending tonic inhibition. This inhibition acts at both the thoracic and the lumbar level and its origin is in the medulla oblongata. This inhibition is, however, independent of baroreceptor inputs. The pathways descends in the dorsolateral funiculus. It is suggested that noradrenaline or adrenaline might be involved in the transmission of this inhibitory influence. PMID- 7264189 TI - Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension: circulating noradrenaline and ultrastructure of saphenous vein. AB - The present study indicates that patients who can be clinically classified as idiopathic orthostatic hypotensives of the peripheral type are heterogeneous. There is the typical hypoadrenergic type characterized by low levels of circulating noradrenaline, much reduced or absent noradrenaline stores, and correspondingly little or no adrenergic innervation in the saphenous vein, a major capacitance vessel, as confirmed by ultrastructural examination. In one patient of this type, an abnormally high occurrence of mast cells in the blood vessel wall was noted. There also exists a category of individuals of the hyperadrenergic type, analogous to certain diabetics with noradrenergic abnormalities. These patients also are characterized by low levels of circulating noradrenaline, but noradrenaline stores are high; an exaggerated release of neurotransmitter occurs in response to stimuli; the saphenous vein with noradrenergic innervation remains ultrastructurally normal; however, the effector cell response are greatly blunted. In one patient of this type, the smooth muscle cells of the saphenous vein contained excessively high glycogen deposits. Further, it should be anticipated that a variety of intermediate types can be found as exemplified by one patient with variable, low to normal levels of circulating noradrenaline, a sluggish response to release neurotransmitter upon postural challenge, and considerable innervation of saphenous vein but with the majority of axons and terminals undergoing active degeneration. PMID- 7264191 TI - The intermediolateral gray columns in the spinal cord of Macaca mulatta. AB - The mean length of spinal segments in Macaca mulatta varied from 0.55 to 1.4 cm. Upper thoracic and lumbar segments were shorter; middle and distal thoracic segments are longer. The intermediolateral gray column extended from the middle of the eighth cervical to the fourth lumbar spinal segments. This column as observed in the serially cut cross-sections varied in shape and in position in different regions of the spinal cord. The mean counts of intermediolateral neurons in the males were significantly higher than females (P less than 0.001) and varied from segment to segment. Their number was slightly higher on the right side and funicular cells were more numerous in male spinal cords than in females. The neurons were of varied shapes from fusiform to multipolar and measured from 7.5 to 25 micrometers in size. PMID- 7264190 TI - The invagination complex in nerve endings on adrenomedullary adrenaline cells: quantitative ultrastructural description, and analysis of changes with time-of day and their modification by sham-surgery and pinealectomy. AB - This work describes a special ultrastructural feature, the invagination complex (IC), involving the plasma membrane of nerve endings on adrenomedullary adrenaline cells. Quantitative characteristics of the IC and their changes were studied in 122 male albino (Holtzman strain) rats in 3 surgical groups: normal (non-operated, NO) sham-operated (SO) and pinealectomized (PX), all maintained in a standardized daily photoperiod (light : dark 12 : 12 h). Animals were decapitated 14 days postsurgery and at 8 specific times during the light : dark cycle. Left adrenal glands were removed, dn strain) rats in 3 surgical groups: normal (non-operated, NO) sham-operated (SO) and pinealectomized (PX), all maintained in a standardized daily photoperiod (light : dark 12 : 12 h). Animals were decapitated 14 days postsurgery and at 8 specific times during the light : dark cycle. Left adrenal glands were removed, dn strain) rats in 3 surgical groups: normal (non-operated, NO) sham-operated (SO) and pinealectomized (PX), all maintained in a standardized daily photoperiod (light : dark 12 : 12 h). Animals were decapitated 14 days postsurgery and at 8 specific times during the light : dark cycle. Left adrenal glands were removed, dissected and prepared for electron microscopy. In section profiles the diameter of each IC was usually 0.12 0.40 micrometers, and the depth 0.2-1.0 micrometers. They were frequently seen to be located near the synaptic complex (or the active zone). Coated pits, about 50 nm wide and 60 nm deep, often opened near the bottom of the invaginations of the IC. In NO animals, relative number and depth of the ICs showed daily rhythmic changes with minimal values about 1 h after onset and maximal (acrophase) values 3--5 h later (P less than 0.02 to less than 0.005, depending on index or measure). These changes occurred 3--5 h earlier, but less apparently, in SO animals, and appeared to be more greatly modified and dampened in PX animals. Two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests applied to 11 kinds of indices derived from counts and measurements of the ICs, support the differences between surgical groups, at least in many instances (P less than 0.05 to less than 0.001). It is concluded that the IC is a characteristic and dynamic feature of the nerve terminals and that it may possibly have a role in such phenomena as recycling of synaptic vesicles or related membrane constituents. It is also concluded that significant time-of-day and neuroendocrine effects are demonstrable in these structures, and that the time-of-day effects shown in these chronic studies have importance in the design of acute experiments designed to further test the functional relations and importance of ICs. PMID- 7264193 TI - Noradrenergic innervation of the villi of rat jejunum. AB - Using fluorescent histochemical methods it has been shown that the villi of the jejunum are innervated by noradrenergic fibres. Varicose fibres originating in the plexus associated with the arterioles of the submucosa run close to the central lacteal and extend to the villus tip. It is suggested that the nerves may be involved in the control of absorption although exactly which structure in the villi are innervated remains unclear. PMID- 7264194 TI - Innervation of intrapulmonary airway smooth muscle of the dog, monkey and baboon. AB - Intrapulmonary airways of the dog, monkey and baboon were examined with the electron microscope. Differentiation of adrenergic and nonadrenergic nerves was facilitated by the use of 5-hydroxydopamine which was infused into the pulmonary arteries (500 microgram/min for 30-45 min). In all species, nerves composed mainly of unmyelinated axons lay external to the muscularis and in the muscularis between bundles of smooth muscle cells. Nerves composed of varicose unmyelinated axons that ran parallel with the smooth muscle bundles contributed fibers that surrounded and entered these bundles. Most of the varicosities associated with airway smooth muscle were cholinergic, and longitudinal sections of the muscle bundles revealed elongate profiles of these varicosities. Most cholinergic varicosities in dog, monkey and baboon airway smooth muscle had no special morphologic relationships to the surrounding smooth muscle cells. Other cholinergic varicosities in the primates lay in depressions of the sarcolemmae. Some of these varicosities were apposed to the sarcolemmae and formed neuromuscular clefts devoid of electron-dense material. There were some adrenergic varicosities near bronchial smooth muscle cells of all species studied. Another type of nerve varicosity, which was present in all species contained many large dense-core vesicles 90-120 nm in diameter and some small, agranular vesicles 40-60 nm in diameter. PMID- 7264192 TI - Interaction of fastigial pressure response and depressor response to nasal perfusion. AB - The fastigial nucleus pressor response (FPR) and the nasal-perfusion diving response were elicited alone and simultaneously to observe the net effect on cardiovascular variables. The fastigial nucleus was electrically stimulated in 14 chloralose-urethane anesthetized dogs and the FPR was characterized by a transient tachycardia with sustained elevations in arterial pressure, left ventricular pressure and maximal dP/dt. The tachycardia was buffered by baroreceptor reflexes during the elevated arterial pressure of the FPR. All variable of the FPR, however, were reduced by superimposition of the diving response upon the FPR. Heart rate was most sensitive to depression by the nasal perfusion which elicited a bradycardia as much as 70 beats/min below the control rate. The nasal-evoked diving response was discussed with respect to the trigeminal depressor response which results from direct stimulation of the spinal trigeminal complex. Algebraic cancellation of the FPR and dive responses is considered along with anatomical and electrophysiological evidence which suggests that these two responses, as well as the baroreceptor reflex, could be integrated at a common site. This site may be the medullary nucleus of the solitary tract which receives projections from trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves and from the fastigial nucleus. PMID- 7264195 TI - Role of baroreceptor reflexes in the hemodynamic and heart rate responses to althesin, ketamine and thiopentone anesthesia. AB - The effects of i.v. infusions of althesin, ketamine and thiopentone were studied in instrumental rabbits, in doses that produced similar levels of light anesthesia. The main hemodynamic differences were in the rises in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and in total peripheral resistance (TPR) which were in the order of ketamine greater than thiopentone greater than althesin. These rises in MAP and TPR did not occur in sino-aortic denervated rabbits suggesting that in normal rabbits these depended on the integrity of the arterial baroreceptors and /or chemoreceptors. The heart rate increased with all anesthetics mainly owing to reduction in vagal efferent activity, except with althesin where cardiac sympathetic activity increased also. Baroreceptor--heart rate reflex properties were studied by deriving sigmoid curves relating MAP to heart period (HP, i.e. pulse interval). All drugs depressed the following curve parameters: (i) HP range, i.e. the difference in HP plateaux from maximal tachycardia to maximal bradycardia; and (ii) the reflex gain (sensitivity). The order of depression was ketamine greater than thiopentone greater than althesin, i.e. the same as the order in which they evoked pressor effects. The results suggest that the 3 anesthetics produce differing depression of afferent mechanisms related to baroreceptor reflexes and that this accounts for both the differences in pressor effects (through disinhibition of constrictor tone) and in depression of the vagal and sympathetic components of the baroreceptor--heart rate reflex. PMID- 7264196 TI - Functional and structural studies concerning the control of activity in zygomatic glands of cats. AB - The zygomatic gland of the cat consists of at least two parts, separated by a septum, and each drains by a separate duct opening on a mucosal ridge postero medial to the parotid orifice. It is composed on thin-walled ducts and tubulo acini, containing mainly mucous cells, but scattered cap cells are also present. In cats under chloralose anaesthesia there is a spontaneous flow of extremely viscous saliva and often, in addition, there is a reflexly elicited component to the secretion. In fact, in contrast to the other major salivary glands, the zygomatic gland is easily made to secrete reflexly even in deep] anaesthesia, e.g. by pinching ipsilateral parts of the tongue, by stimulation of the oesophagus mimicking swallowing, or by afferent excitation of ipsilateral lingual, glossopharyngeal or vagal nerves. The efferent link of the reflex arc is contained in the buccal branch of the mandibular nerve. Section of this nerve abolishes these reflexes, and two weeks later a great loss of acetylcholinesterase positive nerves can be demonstrated in the gland. Efferent stimulation of the buccal nerve evokes a lively secretion that is not affected by hexamethonium but is abolished by atropine. Histochemically, adrenergic nerves are also found surrounding the acini and these nerves disappear after excision of the superior cervical ganglion. Electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk causes some secretion, mainly by way of beta 1-adrenoreceptors. Myoepithelial cells are present around the tubulo-acini, and indications of the effect caused by their contraction on the flow from the glands have been observed. Such activity can be induced reflexly and it is then abolished by cutting the buccal nerve or by injecting atropine. PMID- 7264197 TI - Neural, hormonal and intrinsic mechanisms of cardiac control during acute coronary occlusion in the intact dog. AB - Three basic mechanisms may be involved in the control of cardiac function during acute coronary occlusion: (1) neural; (2) hormonal (circulating catecholamine); and (3) intrinsic (e.g. Frank--Starling law). The response of intact, sedated (Innovar-Vet, 0.08 cc/kg), chronically instrumented dogs to a 5 min left circumflex coronary occlusion was tested to delineate the relative roles of each of the above mechanisms. First, 6 innervated and 6 cardiac denervated dogs were examined. The major difference between groups was that the occlusion-induced tachycardia was significantly smaller in the denervated dogs than in the normally innervated animals (+10 +/- 7 vs +27 +/- 4/min, respectively, (mean +/- S.D.)). Changes in the first time derivative of left ventricular pressure (d(LVP)/dt) were similar (--898 +/- 556 vs --796 +/- 274 mm Hg/sec, denervated vs innervated). Decreases in stroke volume and mean arterial pressure were also similar in the two groups. The occlusion-induced tachycardia was compared in a second group of denervated dogs (n = 5) before and after administration of propranolol to examine the role of circulating catecholamines, and, by exclusion, to observe the response of the heart per se, independently of extrinsic control factors. The heart rate response was similar in both cases (+8 +/- 4 vs +6 +/- 4/min, unblocked vs blocked). Finally, blood pressure was prevented from falling during coronary occlusion in 3 normally innervated dogs by coupling the femoral artery to a reservoir of saline suspended above the animals. Blunting the input to the baroreceptors in this manner did not significantly change the size of the occlusion-induced tachycardia. We conclude that during acute coronary occlusion in dog: (1) the major role of the cardiac nerves involves modulating changes in the chronotropic state of the heart; (2) changes in d(LVP)/dt result principally from intrinsic phenomena linked to ischemia-induced alterations in myocardial performance; (3) changes in circulating catecholamines play only a minor role in controlling the heart during acute coronary occlusion in denervated dog; and (4) receptors located within the heart figure significantly in the etiology of the occlusion-induced tachycardia. PMID- 7264198 TI - Identification of the primary afferent fiber group and adequate stimulus initiating the trigeminal depressor response. AB - In anesthetized and immobilized rabbits we sought to identify the adequate stimulus and the primary afferent fiber group initiating hypotension and inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor discharges in the trigeminal depressor response (TDR). In the first series of experiments we investigated the effects of electrical stimulation of different fiber groups of the infraorbital nerve on arterial pressure (AP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RNA). Stimulation of A-beta-fibers at frequencies between 1 and 200 Hz caused little or no reduction in AP or RNA. Recruitment of A-delta-fibers at stimulus frequencies between 1 and 30 Hz always resulted in falls in AP and RNA (by up to 30 mm Hg, and 75% of control, respectively). Decreases in AP and RNA were augmented to some extent by additional excitation of C-fibers over the same frequency range. In the second series of experiments we applied noxious or innocuous mechanical or thermal stimuli to the hairy skin of the upper lip. Hypotension and inhibition of RNA were elicited by any of the following noxious stimuli of the facial skin: (a) pricking by pins; (b) pinching by serrated forceps, (c) heating above 43% C by a contact thermoprobe; and (d) actual burning of the skin. In contrast, innocuous mechanical or thermal (below 40 degrees C) stimuli failed to diminish AP and RNA. These results indicate that noxious stimuli to the face initiate hypotension and inhibition of the sympathetic nerve activity in the TDR through activation of the A-delta primary afferent fiber group, alone or in combination with the C-fiber group. PMID- 7264199 TI - Cholinergic through-fibers in the rat superior cervical ganglion. PMID- 7264200 TI - Cardiac rhythmicity of skin sympathetic activity recorded from peripheral nerves in man. AB - In previous microelectrode recordings of sympathetic impulse activity in human peripheral nerves a marked cardiac rhythmicity has been found in the spontaneous firing of vasoconstrictor neurones supplying the vascular bed of skeletal muscles. Evidence has been presented that this rhythmicity depends on a potent baroreflex control of these neurones which are significantly involved in blood pressure regulation. In contrast, no cardiac rhythmicity has previously been seen in the spontaneous firing of sympathetic fibres supplying vessels and sweat glands in the human skin. The present study shows that when strong sudomotor activity is induced in skin nerves by a rise in ambient temperature, the sudomotor impulses tend to occur in volleys time-locked to the cardiac cycle. A similar cardiac rhythmicity is not exhibited by the skin vasoconstrictor fibres which can be activated by lowering of the ambient temperature. Induced falls in blood pressure do not produce any baroreflex modulations of the sudomotor outflow, suggesting that the cardiac rhythmicity of the sudomotor impulses is mot dependent on the action of this reflex. PMID- 7264201 TI - Paravertebral origin of postganglionic sympathetic fibers in the major splanchnic and distal coeliac nerves as demonstrated by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde transport method. AB - A significant number of sympathetic neurons in the lower thoracic paravertebral ganglia (lateral chain ganglia) were retrogradely labeled when the central cut end of the ipsilateral major splanchnic nerve was exposed to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the cat. HRP-labeled perikarya were found in all ganglia of that region of the chain from which the splanchnic nerve has its origin but they are most numerous in the last thoracic paravertebral ganglion, that adjacent to the T13 segment of the cord. The number of HRP-positive cell diminished rapidly in more rostral ganglia. Labeled cell bodies of postganglionic splanchnic neurons in the paravertebral ganglia were fusiform to oval in shape with cell diameters averaging between 25 to 45 micrometer. These results demonstrate that the splanchnic nerve contains, in addition to visceral afferents and preganglionic sympathetic constituents, many postganglionic fibers with cell bodies in the paravertebral ganglia. These splanchnic postganglionic axons pass through the coeliac ganglion and continue into distal coeliac nerves. PMID- 7264202 TI - Neuronal activity of submucosal plexus of pyloric and ileocecal sphincteric regions of the cat gastrointestinal tract. AB - Extracellular recording of neuronal activity of the submucosal plexus of isolated pyloric and ileocecal sphincteric regions of cat intestine revealed both spontaneously active and silent neurons. The spontaneously active neurons consisted of fast- and slow-burst-type units and single-spike units. The silent neurons generated trains of spikes in response to deformation of the ganglion by the recording electrode or in response to local application of acetylcholine (Ach, 6 X 10(-5) -6 X 10(-2) microM/l) on the ganglion surface. Interactions of the excitatory type were made manifest by the synchronous activity of cells in the forms of a "driver-follower" interaction. Even more complex interactions of an excitatory and inhibitory character were observed when the beginning of discharge of one neuron caused activation of another which was followed by a pause as in the first neuron discharge. Analysis of the obtained data indicated a qualitative similarity of the neuronal organization of the submucosal plexus along the entire length of the alimentary canal. It is concluded that neurons of the plexus in sphincteric regions are interconnected in a single functional ensemble. However, the results of the study show that silent cells and single spike neurons predominate and are located mainly at the mesenteric border and in the central band of the segment. This is evidently a reflection of the functional significance of the sphincters which prevent reflux within the alimentary canal. PMID- 7264203 TI - Horseradish peroxidase study of brain stem projections of carotid sinus and aortic depressor nerves in the cat. PMID- 7264204 TI - Glossopharyngeal and vagal afferent projections to the brain stem of the cat: a horseradish peroxidase study. AB - Brain stem projections of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves in the cat were studied using the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Crystalline HRP was applied to the proximal cut ends of the nerves for a period of 4-10.5 h, and after a survival time of 24-120 h, transverse and horizontal sections of the brain stem were processed according to the tetramethylbenzidine method. Labeled fibers from both nerves were found to project bilaterally to the solitary complex, and ipsilaterally to the ventral region of the external cuneate nucleus and to the medial region of the nucleus praepositus hypoglossi, just dorsolateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Within the solitary complex terminal labeling was found in the parvocellular, ventrolateral, lateral, medial and commissural solitary nuclei. Exclusive glossopharyngeal nerve projections were found ipsilaterally in the rostral dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, the ventrolateral portion of the medial cuneate nucleus, the dorsal part of the nuclei caudalis and interpolaris of the trigeminal complex, the nuclei insulae cuneati lateralis, and the dorsolateral aspect of the nucleus medullae oblongata centralis. Finally, in the area postrema a bilateral projection of vagal and an ipsilateral projection of glossopharyngeal fibers were found. These findings demonstrate that the glossopharyngeal nerve has more widely distributed brain stem projections that the vagus nerve and provide essential information on projection sites of visceral and taste inputs to the central nervous system. PMID- 7264205 TI - Modification of carotid baroreceptor function by electrical stimulation of the ganglioglomerular nerve. AB - The effect of ganglioglomerular nerve (GN) stimulation on canine carotid baroreceptors has been investigated. In the first group of experiments, a reflex response of the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was observed, MAP decreased during GN stimulation. The time-course and magnitude of the pressure decrease were dependent upon the stimulus frequency. In a second experimental group, isolated carotid bifurcations were continuously perfused with arterial blood (at constant flow rate) and changes in the perfusion pressure were used as an indicator of vessel wall reaction to GN stimulation. The vessel wall response began 15-20 sec after onset of the stimulation and a steady-state level was reached again after about 100 sec of stimulation. In a third group of experiments, the carotid baroreflex was investigated during periods with and without stimulation of the GN. During GN stimulation the magnitude of reflex responses was reduced, the working range of the baroreceptors displaced and the input-output relationship shifted towards lower intrasinus pressure values. From these findings it is concluded that efferent sympathetic activity (ESA) in the GN supplying the carotid bifurcation, affects the baroreceptor reaction in two ways: (i) by a short-lasting increase in baroreceptor sensitivity due to their direct influence; and (ii) by a more sustained and much slower-acting mechanism mediated by vessel wall stiffness (compliance) change (indirect influence). PMID- 7264207 TI - [Stereophotography and photogrammetry of the physiological cup of the disc (author's transl)]. AB - Researches related in this study were done on normal optic papillae. Their aim is to measure: a) the surface of the optic disc, the surface of the cup and the surface of the rim surrounding the cup; b) the depth of the cup; c) the diameters of the disc, the diameters of the cup and the width of the rim. Photographs were taken with a stereoscopic fundus camera and analysed by photogrammetry. There is a positive correlation between: a) the surface of the disc and the surface of the cup; b) the surface of the disc and the surface of the rim; c) the surface of the disc and the depth of the cup; d) the diameters of the disc and the diameters of the cup. There is no correlation between the diameter of the disc and the width of the rim. The ratio C/D is high when the disc is large. PMID- 7264208 TI - [Ultrastructural and experimental study of the ocular toxicity of antibiotics and antifungals on the corneal endothelium (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report an experimental study on the ocular toxicity of some antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin, cephalotin sodic, tobramycin) and some antifungals (amphotericin B, flucytosin). For this study they used both the transmission electron microscope and the scanning microscope. The most important modifications of the corneal endothelium were observed with amphotericin b, flucytosin. cephalotin sodic. The toxicity seems to be lower with gentamicin and with tobramycin. Ampicillin produced few visible changes. This study was realized with the aim to determine the quantities of antimicrobials that could be injected in the human eye without corneal lesions in the treatment of endophthalmitis (bacterial or fungal). PMID- 7264209 TI - [Autoimmunity against the retina in idiopathic retinal detachment. Study of 50 cases]. AB - Auto-immunity against the retina was studied on fifty patients suffering from retinal detachment. The results of the present study confirm the development of auto-immunity against the retina in long standing retinal detachments, which has already been demonstrated by other authors. In addition, the present study shows a significant correlation between the development of auto-immunity against the retina and the surgical treatment on one hand, and evidence of epiretinal proliferation and retraction on the other hand. It is suggested that auto immunity against the retina may be the result of endocular inflammation which may be one of the causes of epiretinal proliferation and retraction. PMID- 7264206 TI - Reciprocal effects of the steroid anesthetic (Althesin) on autonomic nerves innervating the heart. PMID- 7264210 TI - [Evaluation of the rapidity of progression of keratoconus by a study of the relationship between age when first detected and age at operation (author's transl)]. AB - The rapidity of progression of keratoconus was evaluated by studying the relationship between the age when the condition was first detected and that when transfixing keratoplasty became necessary. Apparently, the younger the patient the more rapid is the progression of the keratoconus to stage III and IV, when surgical intervention is required. To test this hypothesis, 187 case reports were analyzed by computer. The same criteria had been applied when making the decision to operate, as the same surgeon was involved in all cases. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that the course of keratoconus is quite independent of the age when it is detected clinically, the average period before operation being constant at approximately 10 years. PMID- 7264212 TI - [Pigmentary para-venous chorio-retinal atrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264211 TI - [Acute choriocapillaris occlusion and Elschnig's spots during a toxemia of pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The evolution of a case of acute occlusion of the choriocapillaris, with retinal detachment, during a toxemia of pregnancy is reported. The evolution of the angiographic findings are studied. At the acute stage, some spots of leakage appeared in the area of choroidal filling defect. The healing results in Elschnig's spots, which take up an area much smaller than the initial non perfusion. The various stages of ischaemic involvement of retinal pigmentary epithelium and their angiographic aspects are discussed. PMID- 7264213 TI - [New stereoprojector with polarized tests, for exploration of aniseikonia and the perception of relief]. AB - We describe a stereoprojector in polarized light built at the Laboratory of Physics, Museum (Paris) with a battery of stereograms specially designed for the two following aspects of binocular vision examination. a) Determination of Aniseikonia from 0 to 15% with both the direct comparison target and the spatial cikonic target. b) Studies on stereopsis in focal and peripheral vision, using tests for local stereopsis with disparities going from 0 to 350" by steps of 15", or some kinds of Random Dot stereograms of Julesz. PMID- 7264214 TI - [Semeiology and physiopathology of papillary edema]. PMID- 7264216 TI - Ewing's sarcoma of the calcaneus. PMID- 7264215 TI - An approach for hallux valgus surgery--fifteen-year review: part I. PMID- 7264217 TI - Foot surgery in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. AB - The preliminary study dealing with surgical treatment of foot deformity associated with CMT shows that the peroneal muscle may be functional in CMT but not measurable because of the deformity that it may have helped to create. The transfer of peroneus longus is designed to decrease deforming forces in conjunction with the Jones suspension that elevates the first ray. It assists the weak anterior muscle group. This, in addition to other surgical procedures as referenced, may be of help in correcting the foot deformity of CMT. Prognosis can be affected by the progression of the disease. PMID- 7264218 TI - The treatment of acquired hallux varus after the McBride procedure. PMID- 7264220 TI - Hallux pinch calluses: some etiologic considerations. PMID- 7264219 TI - An evaluation for compensated anterior cavus. AB - Anterior cavus is a multiplane structural deformity that can originate from different areas within the foot. Differentiation of these areas is a necessary examination in order to determine the effect of proper treatment. A depressed fourth and fifth ray or lateral column is a major deformity in anterior cavus. The lateral column deformity is a pronatory force that causes a premature medial shift of weight. The premature shift can cause a breakdown of the medial column of the foot. We have developed an examination of the compensated anterior cavus deformity that enables the practitioner to isolate better the pronatory forces within the foot. PMID- 7264221 TI - The great saphenous vein cutdown technique. PMID- 7264222 TI - Use of compression bone plate after metatarsal nonunion. AB - In summary, slow union can be caused from impaired blood supply, delayed union by inadequate immobilization, whether external or internal, and infection. Nonunion as well as delayed union may be caused by prolonged movement and interposition of soft tissue. Slow union and delayed union with too early cessation of immobilization cause nonunion. It may be said that if a fracture has not united within 4 months, delayed union is occurring. After 8 months, nonunion or pseudoarthrosis occurs (4). PMID- 7264223 TI - Radiological review: Complication of inadequate fracture reduction. PMID- 7264224 TI - An approach for hallux valgus surgery--fifteen-year review: part II. PMID- 7264225 TI - Idiopathic aneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery. AB - Aneurysms of pedal arteries occur very rarely, but they can be identified and localized by arteriogram. The author describes a case in which the aneurysm was excised after proximal and distal ligation of the artery. Although the patient was diabetic, the postoperative course was uneventful and the results of the surgery were satisfactory. PMID- 7264226 TI - Evaluation of the V-osteotomy as a procedure to alleviate the intractable plantar keratoma. AB - This paper will discuss the distal V-osteotomy procedure of the lesser metatarsals as performed at the Hugar Surgery Center. Sixty-six patients in this study had V-osteotomies performed upon one or more of the middle metatarsals within a 2-year period. Evaluation was based upon patient satisfaction and clinical improvement as measured by the alleviation of the original lesion and the presence of any transfer lesions under the adjacent metatarsal heads. Perioperative steroid injection, early ambulation, and postoperative orthoses contributed to the excellent surgical results. PMID- 7264228 TI - The surgery of tendon. PMID- 7264227 TI - Calcinosis circumscripta: case report and review. AB - Calcinosis circumscripta, usually associated with scleroderma, Raynaud's phenomenon, and telangiectasia, usually affects middle aged persons and is more common in females than males in a ratio of 6 to 1. The etiology is unknown, and onset of the lesion is slow and insidious. It occurs in the periarticular area as a painful mass with surrounding erythema and edema. It is visible in x-rays as localized, scattered calcification. PMID- 7264230 TI - Gas gangrene: a postoperative complication. AB - Gas gangrene, also known as clostridial myonecrosis, is a severe and acute infection usually caused by Clostridium septicum, which may contaminate a wound. On rare occasions it is a complication of elective bone surgery, although it is usually found in elderly persons after hip surgery. The onset is usually sudden and it may occur from 6 hr. to 3 days after tissue injury. Diagnosis may be difficult because of the similarity of symptoms to those of anaerobic cellulitis. Treatment consists of surgical debridement, antibiotic therapy, hyperbaric oxygen, and supportive measures. The authors review the literature, discuss the clinical aspects, and present a case history. PMID- 7264231 TI - Hallux adductus as a surgical complication. AB - The authors correlate pertinent literature with their experience in discussing hallux adductus as a postoperative complication. Presented is the accurate terminology of hallux adductus to describe the transverse plane abnormality. Hallux adductovarus is utilized if there is an additional frontal plane rotation. In presenting 10 cases of hallux adductus, the authors found that 9 were sequelae of a McBride modification. Their incidence of slightly over 1% agrees with past reports. Detailed measurements of cases taken from pre- and postoperative radiographs are presented to attempt to gain better understanding of the factors involved with the deformity. Also introduced is the hallux adductus angle. A review of the treatments is discussed. PMID- 7264229 TI - The tear-drop capsulectomy and capsulorrhaphy: a new approach in aiding the soft tissue repair of hallux abducto valgus. AB - Capsular correction is an important part of the repair of hallux abducto valgus. In this paper, the authors discuss the tear-drop method of capsular repair--a method that can be used in all hallux valgus corrections, either alone or in conjunction with the dorsolinear capsulotomy and repair. They believe the tear drop method has many advantages, among which is the fact that severe splinting and/or casting is not needed and the patient can walk in a surgical shoe almost immediately after surgery. Excellent results were obtained in a high percentage of their 288 cases. PMID- 7264232 TI - Current review and comparison of the new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. AB - New pharmacodynamic chemical agents have been released for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides. These agents, the aryl-alkanoic acid derivatives, which are classified as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, exert an anti-inflammatory effect on locally affected tissues. A suggested mechanism of action may be to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are involved in the basic inflammatory tissue response. These agents have been found to be not significantly more effective than aspirin, but they may be useful in patients who cannot tolerate aspirin. PMID- 7264233 TI - Histopathologic changes in aging male vs female spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were autopsied at timed intervals from weaning to 28 months. Blood pressure reached 180 to 240 mm Hg after 4 months and was maintained. After 20 months, male SHR began to die of myocardial infarction. A survey was made of the histopathologic changes associated with increasing blood pressure and age. Histopathologic changes appeared in males when they became 8 months old; degenerative changes did not appear in female SHR until 12 to 15 months. Degenerative changes consisted of pituitary basophilia, fatty liver, islet hyperplasia and beta cell degranulation which preceded and became exacerbated with worsening hypertension. Intimal fibrino hyalin lesions of the gonads, polyarteritis nodosa, myocardial infarction, and cerebral edema were more severe in males vs females. Female SHR live significantly longer than males (e.g., 28 to 34 months). Hypertension and longevity may be under separate genetic control in SHR. PMID- 7264234 TI - Age-related changes in rat atrial sensitivity to lidocaine. AB - The effects of increasing age were studied on rat atrial sensitivity to lidocaine by means of intracellular microelectrode recording of transmembrane electrical activity. Under control conditions, atrial resting potential and the maximum rate of rise of phase 0 (Vmax) were not influenced by increasing age (1 month to 24 months). However, the amplitude of the action potential and of the overshoot, and the duration of the action potential and the plateau phase decreased as a function of age. Lidocaine hydrochloride, 5 mg/L, did not alter resting potential, but decreased the amplitude of the action potential and of the overshoot, decreased the frequency of occurrence of an overshoot, decreased Vmax, and increased action potential duration and plateau duration. The effects of lidocaine to abolish the overshoot and prolong the duration of the action potential and the plateau phase increased with increasing age. Thus, it has been demonstrated that electrophysiological properties of rat atrial muscle undergo alterations in relation to increasing age. These alterations may be responsible for the observed age-related changes in atrial sensitivity to lidocaine. PMID- 7264235 TI - Tissue vitamin E levels and lipofuscin accumulation with age in the mouse. AB - To study the deposition of lipofuscin (age pigment) in relation to tissue Vitamin E content a small colony of C3H and LAF mice was set up, one-half being fed a supplement of 0.25% w/w Vitamin E. At intervals between 2.5 and 28 months of age samples of the stock were culled to allow the fluorimetric determination of lipofuscin in heart muscle and an assay of Vitamin E levels in liver tissue. Vitamin E levels in the supplemented stock were found to be 4 X those of the controls although dietary intake was 250 X control. Lipofuscin levels of supplemented stock were lower than controls throughout the lifespan culminating at 28 months when the levels were consistent with the 23 month levels of the controls. Lack of any concomitant effects on longevity, however, raises doubts concerning the relevence of lipid peroxidation to the aging process in the organism as a whole. PMID- 7264236 TI - Morphologic classification and correlation of incidence of hyperplastic and neoplastic hematopoietic lesions in mice with age. AB - Information from the NCTR control pathology data base was examined to morphologically classify and correlate the incidence off hyperplastic and neoplastic hematopoietic lesions with age in over 15,000 male and female mice of a variety of strains. Hyperplasia affected lymphoid and reticular cells, erythropoietic and granulopoietic cells, mast cells, plasma cells and megakaryocytes. Neoplastic lesions included lymphocytic lymphoma, mixed cell lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, granulocytic leukemia, plasma cell neoplasms and mast cell neoplasms. Most hyperplastic and neoplastic hematopoietic lesions increased wtih age and most were slightly more common in the female than in the male mice. PMID- 7264237 TI - Longevity in lines of Tribolium castaneum selected for high and for low dispersal. AB - A comparison between Tribolium castaneum lines selected for high and low dispersal revealed that longevity is higher for the low dispersal line. The high dispersal line is superior to the low dispersal line when early adult fitness is considered. Previous experiments reported a shorter development time for the higher dispersal time. The present study shows for this line higher survival until 60 days from enclosure. PMID- 7264238 TI - Copper and zinc utilization in elderly adults. AB - Elderly adults were provided with 2.33 mg of copper and either 7.80 or 23.26 mg of zinc daily during a 30-day metabolic study. Excretions of both minerals were measured throughout the study. The subjects were able to maintain apparent positive balance for copper, but were in negative balance for zinc on both levels off intake. Copper retention was significantly reduced by intake of the higher amount of zinc. These results support other reports indicating antagonism between the two nutrients. The hair content of zinc and copper was higher in females than in males and was in the ranges indicative of long-term adequate intakes. Recumbent length was significantly greater than standing height and should be investigated further as a more accurate measure of body height in the elderly. PMID- 7264239 TI - Age-related changes of cardiac control function in man. With special reference to heart rate control at rest and during exercise. AB - Heart rate control function at rest and during exercise in regard to age were studied in 39 healthy male volunteers (age 15 to 75). The heart rate control function during exercise was evaluated by using system analysis of heart rate response to two-step exercises (66 and 84 steps/min). No age-related changes were found in the resting heart rate at supine position or in oxygen consumption at upright rest and during the exercises. However, the mean value and the magnitude of variation of the heart rate at upright rest and the difference of heart rate at upright and supine rest showed significant negative correlations with age. As age advanced, the transfer function of the system during exercise exhibited characteristic changes depending on the frequency ranges. These findings suggest that activity of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems were depressed at rest, and that contributions of sympathetic and vagal nervous systems during exercise are more enhanced and more depressed, respectively, in older subjects than in younger subjects. PMID- 7264240 TI - Parathyroid surgery in the aged. AB - The results of parathyroid exploration in a group of elderly patients with the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism were compared with those in a younger group and were found to be similar with 92% cure rate and 3% permanent complication rate. The criteria for deciding to subject an elderly patient to parathyroid surgery should therefore the same in the elderly as in the younger patients and age per se should play no role in the decision. Life expectancy, on the other hand should be taken into account. PMID- 7264241 TI - Competence in independently living older adults: assessment and correlates. AB - Twenty-seven independently living older adults (18 women and 9 men) ranging in age from 65 to 87 years were interviewed in order to assess their competence. "Competence" was defined as effectiveness in dealing with the problems and opportunities characteristic of one's environment. Each participant completed the Block Design and Similarities subtests of the WAIS and the Associate Learning subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale. Each participant was required to produce three samples of procedural discourse and one of narrative discourse. Participants were rated for competence on the basis off the interview and for quality of interview, procedural, and narrative discourse. The reliability of the competence rating was estimated as .70 for a single rater and as .90 for the average of four raters. Competence correlated significantly with most of the cognitive measures and with each of the three quality of discourse ratings. PMID- 7264242 TI - Utilizing rating instruments for evaluating behavioral characteristics differentiating elderly patients selected for skilled nursing, intermediate, and psychiatric care. AB - This study examined behavioral characteristics distinguishing psychiatric geriatric patients requiring alternative levels of care. Multiple behavior rating scales were administered to 389 elderly patients, concurrent with, but independent from, placement decisions of a clinical team. A discriminant function analysis revealed loadings on care needed, activities of daily living, and disorientation as factors discriminating skilled nursing from intermediate care patients. Orthogonal function loadings characterized psychiatric patients as having poorer communication skills, being less cooperative, manifesting greater psychopathology, and showing more seclusiveness. Further analysis provided by a cross-validation study support the utility of behavior rating scales for simulating outcome actions of decision makers. PMID- 7264243 TI - The impact of memory on age differences in digit symbol performance. AB - The roles of memory and unnecessary reliance on the coding key were examined in relation to age differences in performance on the WAIS Digit Symbol test. Old and young adults were trained to a stringent criterion of learning the digit-symbol pairings before carrying out the task. Their performances on the Digit Symbol test were then compared to performances of control subjects who had not learned the digit-symbol pairs. Memory training had no effect on the performances of older adults; it did benefit slightly the performances of younger persons. Unnecessary reliance on the coding key was examined by allowing the use of the Digit Symbol key, even when it was not needed. There were no significant differences between the performances of either old or young adults who had the key as compared to those who did not. It was concluded that neither memory nor unnecessary reliance on the coding key explain the difficulties older adults experience in performing digit-symbol substitutions. PMID- 7264244 TI - Improved digit symbol substitution by older women as a result of extended practice. AB - Older women (mean = 69 yr) and younger women (mean = 23 yr) received 100 administrations of the Digit Symbol Substitution subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, modified so that the digit-symbol keys differed on each of the five training days. The older women improved substantially both within and between training sessions, but equally large gains wee made by the younger women so that age differences were not reduced by training. As a consequence of practice, scores of the older women on the standard WAIS subtest increased from the 25th to the 90th percentile relative to norms for young adults, and these scores maintained during a follow-up test 10 days later. Although practice effects transferred to digit-symbol keys different from the training keys, improvements did not generalize to WAIS Digit Span performance or to a matching task containing some of the elements of the training task. PMID- 7264246 TI - Aging, divided attention, and processing capacity. AB - The performance of young and old adults was compared in two different situations to investigate the reasons why the latter are especially poor at divided attention tasks. Although the two experimental tasks were quite different, one a single task and the other time-sharing, task difficulty was manipulated in a similar fashion in both situations. Specifically, in both tasks difficulty was varied by manipulation of number of items to be rehearsed and number of mental operations necessary for successful performance. The most salient difference in task demands, that is, divided versus nondivided attention, had little effect on results. Performance of both age groups declined as task difficulty increased, with the decline being greater and more rapid for the older subjects. Results are discussed in terms of competition for limited processing capacity in working memory. PMID- 7264245 TI - Adult age differences in visual search as a function of stimulus mapping and processing load. AB - Previous research has indicated age-related declines in visual search and memory search performance. Recent nondevelopmental evidence suggests that after extensive practice with a consistent stimulus set, performance in search tasks becomes independent of information load. Eight volume (mean age 23.55 years) and eight elderly (mean age 74.92 years) females searched for either two or four target letters which appeared individually in displays of one, four, or nine letters using either an unchanging memory set (consistent mapping) or changing memory sets (varied mapping); subjects performed over six sessions. Under the varied mapping condition the traditional pattern of age-associated decrement in search was obtained, while in the consistent mapping condition adult age differences were attenuated. These findings supported the hypothesis that age related decrements in visual search can be eliminated, or at least minimized, when various control processes such as selective attention are short-circulated by automatic information processing. PMID- 7264247 TI - Visual short-term memory and aging in chess players. AB - Young (M = 20 years) and older (M = 54 years) equally skilled chessplayers reconstructed slides of chess diagrams shown for 1, 2, and 4 sec either immediately or following 15 sec of interpolated processing. Recall was more accurate for younger players, with the gap widening as viewing time increased. Interpolated processing decreased accuracy and increased retrieval time equally in the two groups. Measures of chunking indicated no age-related differences. These results imply that there is an age-related deficit in encoding but not retrieval for visual short-term memory. Since young and old were affected equivalently by interpolated processing, it appears likely that they have similar memory consolidation functions. Since the players were equally skilled, the results contradict the view that skill in chess derives primarily from encoding ability. PMID- 7264248 TI - Mental rotation and age reconsidered. AB - Research has established that subjects required to identify tilted patterns do so by first rotating them mentally into an upright position. Gaylord and Marsh (1975) found that the rate of mental rotation of elderly subjects was 84% slower than young subjects. Using simpler patterns and college-enrolled "elderly," Jacewicz and Hartley (1979) found no age difference in rotation rates. Using Jacewicz and Hartley's patterns, and a subject sample more similar to Gaylord and Marsh's, the present study found that although absolute rates were increased, an age-decline of 96% was still in evidence. PMID- 7264249 TI - Absolute estimation of line length in three age groups. AB - The effect of age upon the subjective magnitude of line length was assessed by the method of absolute magnitude estimation in three groups of subjects with mean ages of 25, 50, and 68 years. The results showed no significant differences between the groups. When compared to data from an earlier study in which 5- to 6 year-old children were tested by the same method, the results were essentially the same, but with a slightly steeper slope for the 5- to 6-year-olds. The subjective length of lines appears to remain stable over an extended age range. PMID- 7264250 TI - Modifiability of fluid intelligence in aging. PMID- 7264252 TI - [Transitory hydronephroses after the Marshall-Marchetti operation. A case history (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report an unusual complication following the correction of a case of stress incontinence by vesico-urethral suspension using the Marshall-Marchetti procedure. They observe the rapid onset of an unilateral uretero-hydronephrosis which was due to oedema of the right vesico-ureteral junction and which was cured by a short treatment, with corticoids. PMID- 7264251 TI - [Prostaglandins and benign mastopathies (author's transl)]. AB - During both phases of their menstrual cycle, women who suffer from benign mastopathies evidence hormonal deficiency, which is total although of variable magnitude, as shown by oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (p) plasma levels. by contrast, these women show a concomitant and large rise of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plasma level. An oestrogen directed PGE2 synthesis by the mammary epithelium is likely to occur. The patients whose mammary thermography displays PG synthesis can be cooled by the administration of PG synthesis inhibitors. They show a steroid deficiency which is more or less pronounced without having any marked imbalance of the E2-P ratio. By contrast, patients who exhibit no thermographic response show a marked relative rise in oestrogen during both phases of the menstrual cycle. The significance of PG synthesis and relatively raised oestrogen levels will be discussed in relationship to the risk of breast cancer. PMID- 7264254 TI - [Simultaneous intra- and extra- uterine pregnancies (author's transl)]. AB - Six further cases of simultaneous intra- and extra-uterine pregnancies are reported. The findings confirm those reported in the published literature. The frequency of such cases in one in 30 000 pregnancies. It is evident, however, that some cases, in which spontaneous abortion occurs, remain unrecognized, the haemorrhage being attributed to the extra-uterine gestation. In 90 p. cent of cases they are detected because of the extra-uterine pregnancy, and their clinical course is very variable. The association of pregnancies is almost as frequent as triplets but is very rarely mentioned. Valid clinical and pathogenic data could be obtained from their more systematic study. PMID- 7264253 TI - [The place of oral contraceptives and pregnancy in the aetiology of amenorrhoea, a study of 188 cases of secondary amenorrhoea lasting more than one year (author's transl)]. AB - 188 patients who had secondary amenorrhoea lasting more than a year were investigated in the same way, in a continuous series, and were classified: - under 6 diagnostic headings: 22 cases of hyperprolactinaemia, 40 cases of primary amenorrhoea, 51 cases of anorexia nervosa, 52 cases of psychogenic amenorrhoea, 9 cases of premature menopause and 5 pregnancies. - and in 3 groups: Group I : 28 cases of amenorrhoea which have been diagnosed as due to the stopping of oral contraception. Group II : 25 cases of amenorrhoea which were found immediately post-partum. Group III : 135 cases of amenorrhoea which did not come into these categories. The authors noted that hyperprolactinaemia was more common and anorexia nervosa was less common in Group I and II as compared with Group III. The results have been interpreted against the age of the patient at the time of diagnosis, at the time of their last period and the relationship to the interval between the amenorrhoea starting and the consultation. A review of the literature demonstrates the methodological problems that are shown up in interpreting these results. PMID- 7264255 TI - [A case of uterine rupture due to interstitial pregnancy of 22 weeks duration (author's transl)]. AB - This paper describes a very rare case of uterine rupture on an interstitial pregnancy of 22 weeks. The etiopathological hypothesis, the diagnostic difficulties, the evolution as well as the conservative surgical treatment are discussed with a review of the literature. PMID- 7264256 TI - [Prolapse after hysterectomy. A study of 45 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 45 cases of prolapse occurring after hysterectomy (26 after subtotal hysterectomy, 9 after total abdominal hysterectomy and 10 after total vaginal hysterectomy). These prolapses are rare and their incidence does not seem to vary with the type of hysterectomy that preceded them. although in some cases hysterectomy could be incriminated as the cause of the prolapse, in the majority of cases the reason was a prolapse that had been neglected when the hysterectomy had been carried out, or a prolapse that appeared a long time after hysterectomy because of the inevitable ageing of the supporting tissues of the pelvis. From the anatomical point of view it is important to distinguish those prolapses where the vaginal vault does not descend and those where there is total descent including the vault of the vagina. The prolapses give rise to difficult problems of therapy. The choice of operation has to take into account anatomical components of the prolapse, the functional repercussions, the urinary symptoms and whether the patient wishes to does not wish to continue sexual activity. If it is not necessary to keep the vagina open an operation that involves colpectomy or colpocervicectomy can give rise to very good anatomical and urinary results. When it is necessary to keep the vagina functioning as a vagina in the case of prolapse after subtotal hysterectomy, it is important to treat the case as though on was dealing with an ordinary prolapse. All the same, when dealing with procidentia it may be wiser to add a colpopexy procedure by the abdominal route. When dealing with a prolapse after total hysterectomy when the vaginal vault is in place, it is sufficient to carry out the usual form of perineal plastic operation general;y to obtain a good result, but when the vaginal vault has come down it is as well to carry out a colpopexy procedure by the abdominal route. PMID- 7264257 TI - [Prevention of rupture of the uterus before or during birth in women with previous caesarian sections: report on 14 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Based on 14 cases observed during 230 deliveries of women with previous caesarian sections, the authors attempt in define those factors that may weaken hysterotomy scars and provoke uterine rupture. Factors at risk are defined, and can be assessed from the medical history (parity, number of previous caesarians, period since last section, postoperative fever, placenta praevia as the indication for a caesarian, curettage after the operation), and the clinical findings during the present pregnancy (height of the uterus, placenta praevia). Hysterography is an excellent means of evaluating the state of cicatrisation, but this investigational method is rarely available. These elements are employed the define the attitude of the authors towards the end of a previous caesarian. They emphasize the need for early diagnosis of a rupture, and the validity of early emergency caesarian section. Any delay can considerably after fetal and maternal prognosis, which remains goods in the authors' experience. PMID- 7264258 TI - [The different elements constituting the Bishop score in the induction of labour with epidural analgesia (author's transl)]. AB - We have collected together the Bishop scoring factors in 100 inductions of labour at term. The length of labour does not seem to be related to the height of the presenting part at induction. On the other hand, the consistence and degree of dilatation of the cervix do have each a prognostic value which is comparable to that of the total Bishop score. Furthermore, the score, while it is didactically useful, does seem to have some theoretical drawbacks. PMID- 7264260 TI - Hypoxanthine metabolism and transfer in the pregnant rhesus monkey. AB - Fetal metabolic conversion and clearance of hypoxanthine was investigated in five pregnant rhesus monkeys. [14C]hypoxanthine injected into the fetal circulation disappeared rapidly and its metabolic break-down products uric acid and allantoin appeared in fetal plasma and erythrocytes. In amniotic fluid only hypoxanthine could be demonstrated. When [14C] hypoxanthine was infused into the fetal circulation at a constant rate and metabolic conversion to uric acid and allantoin was inhibited with allopurinol, a constant level of hypoxanthine was obtained within 30 min. No uric acid or allantoin was demonstrated, but inosine monophosphate and adenine nucleotides appeared in the fetal erythrocytes. The concentration of adenine nucleotides in the fetal red cells showed a steady increase during the experiments. Total fetal hypoxanthine clearance, calculated in the steady-state from the maternal and fetal arterial concentrations and the amount infused per unit of time varied between 4.2 and 8.4 ml min-1. In two separate experiments maternal blood was incubated with [14C] hypoxanthine and [14C]adenosine. The erythrocytes appeared to be unable to convert hypoxanthine into adenine nucleotides, but adenosine was readily converted into ADP and ATP. There appears to be no preferential uptake of hypoxanthine by the fetal erythrocytes which makes it unlikely that they could serve as carriers in the transport of hypoxanthine. PMID- 7264259 TI - The disposition of [3H]cortisol after intra-amniotic administration to sheep late in pregnancy. AB - The disposition of [3H]cortisol was determined after an intraamniotic injection into chronically catheterized sheep between days 120 and 146 of pregnancy. [3H]Cortisol disappeared from amniotic fluid with a half-life of 55.6 +/- 10.8 (SEM) min. Radioactivity, identified as [3H] cortisol appeared in allantoic fluid, fetal blood and tracheal fluid. The concentration of [3H]cortisol in allantoic fluid rose such that it approached that found in amniotic fluid at 60 min after injection. The highest concentration of [3H]cortisol in fetal blood was found 15 min after injection. The time-course for appearance of [3H]cortisol into tracheal fluid was variable, but in individual experiments peak values were found 45-150 min after injection. We conclude that during late gestation, cortisol in amniotic fluid is readily accessible to the allantoic fluid and to the fetus. PMID- 7264261 TI - Glucose turnover and glucose-lactate inter-relations in the newborn rat. AB - A technique of continuous infusion of labelled glucose and lactate was developed in the 1-day-old suckling rat, allowing the calculation of true and apparent glucose turnover and glucose-lactate inter-relations under steady-state conditions. True glucose turnover rate in suckling newborns (16.9 +/- 0.4 mg min 1 per kg body weight) was 50% higher than in fasted adult rats. A 20 +/- 3% glucose recycling was found which corresponded approximately to the Cori cycle activity. Although lactate was contributing for 25% of glucose turnover rate, this did not represent a net glucose synthesis, since more lactate was formed from glucose than glucose from lactate. However, recycling from lactate may be physiologically important as it could be the expression of a glucose sparing effect of the elevated circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies found in the 1-day-old suckling rat. PMID- 7264263 TI - Conversion in vitro of prostaglandin endoperoxide into prostaglandins by arteries from pregnant and non-pregnant human uteri. AB - The enzymatic and non-enzymatic conversion in vitro of the prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH2) into prostaglandins and thromboxane by human uterine arterial tissue was investigated. Segments of uterine arteries were obtained from six pregnant and six non-pregnant women. Slices of tissue were incubated with isotopically-labelled PGH2 and the products formed were determined by means of thin-layer chromatography. Only PGF2 alpha and PGI2 were formed by enzymatic conversion. Uterine arterial tissue from pregnant women produced significantly more PGF2 alpha than tissue from non-pregnant women, whereas no significant difference in formation of PGI2 could be demonstrated. PMID- 7264262 TI - Transplacental diffusion of ethanol under steady state conditions. AB - The placental clearances of ethanol and antipyrine, uterine and umbilical blood flows (ml/min) were measured in six chronic sheep preparations. The two substances were infused simultaneously at constant rate into the fetal inferior vena cava. In the steady state, blood samples were obtained from the fetal abdominal aorta, common umbilical vein, maternal uterine vein and maternal femoral artery and analysed for the blood concentrations of ethanol and antipyrine. The clearance of ethanol (CE) was related to uterine (F) and umbilical (f) blood flows according to the regression equation: CE = -26 + 0.88 (F x f)/(F + f), (r = 0.987). The ethanol/antipyrine clearance ratio ranged between 1.21 and 0.97 (mean 1.07, 95% confidence limits 1.01-1.14) These data support the hypothesis that the placental clearance of ethanol is primarily flow limited. PMID- 7264264 TI - Development of the adrenal cortex in the fetal foal: an ultrastructural study. AB - The adrenal cortex from twelve fetal foals (gestational ages from 61 to 300 days) was examined by light and electron microscopy. Adrenal glands from three newborn foals were also examined by light microscopy. Between 61 and 100 days of gestation the adrenal cortex became organised into two distinct regions, the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata, which grew steadily in thickness until the 300th day. Between 300 days and birth there was a dramatic increase in the width of the zona fasciculata. From 200 days a narrow band of compact cells marked the cortico-medullary border. Though these cells were ultrastructurally indistinguishable from those of the overlying zona fasciculata it seems possible that they may later give rise to the zona reticularis of the adult gland. The cells of the zona glomerulosa were columnar in shape and were tightly packed together into cell clusters. They contained smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with lamellar cristae. The ultrastructural characteristics of the cells of the zona glomerulosa changed little throughout the course of gestation. In the zona fasciculata the predominant cell type was angular in profile, and its cytoplasm contained smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with lamellar cristae. The second and larger cell type was situated nearer the cortico-medullary border. It contained an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria with lamellar and/or vesicular cristae, and large perinuclear Golgi complexes. These cells, which appeared to be derived from the smaller more angular cells of the zona fasciculata, showed signs of a high level of metabolic and synthetic activity. As gestation progressed the number of functionally differentiated cells increased slowly in a radial direction towards the zona glomerulosa. Indirect evidence from two newborn foals suggests a rapid increase in the functional differentiation of zona fasciculata cells between 300 days and birth. PMID- 7264265 TI - Health manpower programs to affect physicians' location: a regional analysis. PMID- 7264266 TI - Health planning in the United States: the 1980s--a protagonist's view. AB - The health planning program developed under P.L. 93--641 is attempting to establish "community trusteeships" for health care in communities across the nation. It is based on a series of assumptions concerning public participation and involvement that are likely to remain viable for some time. Because of great local and state variations, it is difficult to measure performance on a nationwide basis; on balance, the record is positive. The program needs to be treated with patience, a very scarce American characteristic. The lack of a better, realistic alternative is the strongest argument for its continuation. PMID- 7264267 TI - The new role of the federal government. PMID- 7264268 TI - The rights of nursing home patients: possibilities and limitations of federal regulation. AB - Using as their point of departure the proposed nursing home standards recently published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the authors discuss the dilemma of regulating for human rights. Provisions considered for inclusion in the regulations are discussed in light of positions taken by regulators, providers and consumers. By highlighting the trade-offs involved, the authors point out the limitations of regulation in this emotion-laden area. Former Secretary Patricia Roberts Harris approved a final version of human rights provisions on her last day in office. However, in his first official act, her successor withdrew that approval. PMID- 7264269 TI - Caring for the elderly: who dislikes it least? AB - "Reluctant" best describes health professionals' attitudes toward caring for the elderly. This article examines work plans of student nurses and work practices of registered nurses to ascertain who actually cares for the aged. Investigation of geriatric nurses reveals that few plan to or do work with the elderly. Salaries are low, and opportunities for career advancement are limited, especially for those working in nursing homes. Older and minority nurses are most likely to provide geriatric care. Based on these findings, manpower and educational policy changes are recommended. PMID- 7264270 TI - Values and policy conceptions of health policy elites in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Federal Republic of Germany. AB - This essay presents data on the thinking of health policy elites in the United States, the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany. These three national groups are compared in terms of the values they perceive health policy should serve and their conceptions of appropriate policies for realizing these values. The different values and policy conceptions are then related to various propositions as to why social policies differ across nations, particularly to the hypothesis that social policies differ as a consequence of elite values and attitudes. PMID- 7264271 TI - The relationship between pasture herbage and the development and survival of the free-living stages of Oesophagostomum dentatum. PMID- 7264272 TI - The effect of five fasciolicides on malate dehydrogenase activity and mortality of Fasciola gigantica, Fasciolopsis buski and Paramphistomum explanatum. AB - The effect of oxyclozanide, hexachlorophene, nitroxynil, rafoxanide and diamphenethide on malate dehydrogenase activity of homogenates of Fasciola gigantica, Fasciolopsis buski and Paramphistomum explanatum was investigated. The ratio of oxaloacetate reduction to malate oxidation in homogenates of Fasciola gigantica, Fasciolopsis buski and P. explanatum was 4.5:1, 3.6:1 and 5.2:1 respectively. Oxyclozanide and rafoxanide at 10(-3) M inhibited enzyme activity by 100% in homogenates from all three species while hexachlorophene at 10(-3) M also caused 100% inhibition in homogenates from Fasciola gagantica and P. explanatum but only 65% of malate oxidation in Fasciolopsis buski homogenates. Nitroxynil at 10(-3) M produced 60% inhibition in F. buski homogenates yet had little effect at this concentration on preparations from the other species. Little inhibition was seen with diamphenethide, even at high concentrations. Rapid death of Fasicola gigantica and P. explanatum resulted in vitro when 10(-3) M oxyclozanide, hexachlorophene, nitroxynil or rafoxanide, were added to the incubation medium. Fasciolopsis buski was killed by 10(-3) M oxyclozanide but at this concentration the remaining compounds only caused reduced activity. Assay of malate dehydrogenase following drug treatment in vitro failed to show any appreciable reduction in enzyme activity in Fasciola gigantica and P. explanatum but oxyclozanide and hexachlorophene produced inhibition in Fasciolopsis buski. The mode of action of these compounds is discussed. PMID- 7264273 TI - Pathological changes in kidneys, livers and spleens of Brugia pahangi-infected jirds (Meriones unguiculatus). AB - The major organs, other than lymphatics, of jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) with prepatent and chronic patent infections of Brugia pahangi were studied by standard histological, electron microscopical and fluorescent antibody techniques. Changes observed and not previously described in detail or in large numbers of animals are reported. Multifocal non-suppurative interstitial nephritis was observed in 4% on animals with patent infections of 163 days duration and in 69% of animals with patent infections of 274 days duration. Glomerular changes were not observed in kidneys of any animals infected with B. pahangi. The occurrence of large granulomata composed of lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and giant cells in the liver and smaller granulomata in the spleen correlated with patency of infections but microfilariae or worm antigens were not observed in these areas. Amyloid deposits were demonstrated in the spleen of 4% of animals with patent infections of 163 days duration and in 38% of animals with patent infections of 274 days duration but were not seen in uninfected animals of the same age or animals receiving only challenge inoculations of 28 days duration. PMID- 7264274 TI - The effect of drug treatment on the pattern of emergence of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae from skin snips. AB - A controlled study was carried out to determine the effect of some known anti filarial drugs on the pattern of emergence of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae from skin snips into saline. The results show that before treatment, 81.7 to 92.1% of microfilariae emerge in all the groups within 24 hours. The differences between the groups were not significant. After treatment with oral diethylcarbamazine, metrifonate and topical diethylcarbamazine (DEC) the percentage of microfilariae emerging from the snips dropped significantly to 48.4, 56.0 and 60.1 respectively, whereas no significant change occurred following treatment with levamisole (88.1%) and yeast tablets (89.1%). A pair wise comparison of the post-treatment microfilarial emergence in all the groups showed statistically significant differences when (i) oral DEC is compared to levamisole, topical DEC and yeast, (ii) metrifonate is compared to levamisole and yeast and (iii) topical DEC is compared to yeast. It is suggested that microfilariae which fail to emerge from snips after treatment are those that have been killed or paralysed by the action of the drugs. The study has thus established that drug action in vivo is one of the factors which affects the proportion of microfilariae which emerge from skin snips and provides an additional parameter for measuring the antimicrofilarial potential of drugs in clinical chemotherapeutic trials. PMID- 7264275 TI - Has the republic no need of learning? PMID- 7264276 TI - Fluorescence demonstration of cathepsin B activity in skeletal, cardiac, and vascular smooth muscle. AB - Histochemical demonstration of cathepsin B activity was performed for the soleus, extensor digitorum longus, cardiac and vascular smooth muscle tissues of the rat using CBZ-Arg-Arg-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide or CBZ-Ala-Arg-Arg-4-methoxy-beta naphthylamide as the substrate. The enzyme varied in its apparent activity but was localized in discrete granules in all muscle types. Cathepsin B was most active in cardiac muscle and least active in extensor digitorum longus muscles in between these extremes similar to another lysosomal protease, dipeptidyl peptidase II. However, in both types of skeletal muscle, the granules were observed more frequently at the periphery of the muscle cell just beneath the sarcolemma. Since cathepsin B is found only in lysosomes, this subsarcolemmal predominence may indicate that only one population of lysosomes in muscle contains active cathepsin B. All cathepsin B activity was abolished in the presence of the protease inhibitor, leupeptin. PMID- 7264277 TI - Bearing of the diencephalon on the taxonomic status of the Tupaioidea. AB - As the taxonomic status of the Tupaioidea within the Order Primates is still unsettled, an attempt is being made to throw some light on this problem through investigations on the nuclear configuration and fibre connections of the diencephalon of the tree-shrew. Several tree-shrew species, particularly Tupaia glis and Urogale everetti have been involved in this qualitative study, and comparisons of diencephalic structures among the tree-shrews species, and with the Insectivores and Prosimii have been made. Thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei which show more advanced development than others, are nuclei anteroventralis, mediodorsalis, centrum medianum, lateralis posterior, pulvinaris, geniculati lateralis and medialis, subthalamicus and mamillaris medialis. The nucleus mediodorsalis becomes much enlarged and more clearly differentiated into two or three regions. The ventrolateral thalamic nuclear group, though comparably small, is clearly definable into anterior, lateral and posterior parts. The pulvinar makes its first definitive appearance as a separate entity. The nuclei pretectalis and thalamicus posterior are larger and more prominent than those in the Prosimii. The dorsal part of the lateral geniculate body, termed nucleus geniculatus lateralis, show a clear stratification of its cells into six layers that correspond well to the primate pattern. The nucleus geniculatus medialis is well developed and differentiated into magnocellular and parvocellular parts. The epithalamus, subthalamus and hypothalamus are not much different from those of other mammalian species. This study has shown that the thalamus and metathalamus show more advanced than primitive phylogenetic features than are found in the Insectivora. These may compare favorably with most of the homologues in the diencephalon of the Lemuroidea. PMID- 7264278 TI - [The dendritic structure of the habenula in the albino mouse]. AB - The habenular complex of adult albino mice is studied with the Golgi method. In the medial habenular nucleus 2 neuronal types were distinguished; one of them is restricted to a small near to the commissura habenularis. The principal neuronal type is characterized by complicated dendritic ramifications and the presence of dendritic glomeruli encapsulated by protoplasmic astroglial membranes. In the lateral habenular nucleus three neuronal types were found, all of them with long, poorly ramified dendrites, but differing with respect to the size of their somata and their dendritic profiles. Thus, concerning their dendritic structure, the two regions of the habenula do not show any similarity. PMID- 7264280 TI - Several cell masses around the commissura anterior in the chicken. AB - In the course of cytoarchitectonic studies on the hypothalamus of the fowl, 6 cell masses which may be respectively considered as one nucleus, were newly found around the commissura anterior (CA). They were provisionally designated nuclei A F in this study. In the frontal sections, nucleus A was a grape-like cell mass composed of the smallest round cells in the lateral preoptic area. Nuclei B and D were the most deeply stained cell masses showing round shapes. The former was located immediately rostral to the CA and consisted of cells oriented dorsoventralward, while the latter, situated dorsal to the CA, were composed of cells oriented rostrocaudalward. In contrast to the other 5 deeply stained and compact cell masses, nucleus C was the most poorly stained cell group. It was composed of two types of cells which were located around the margin of the CA. Under the CA, nucleus E was found to be the broadest cell mass composed of densely located cells. Further caudally, nucleus F was also found as a compact cell mass consisting of the poorly stained and densely located cells. PMID- 7264279 TI - Histological and histochemical study of the caudal neurosecretory system of the freshwater teleost Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch) with a note on its response to hypophysectomy and osmotic stress. AB - The caudal neurosecretory system in well developed in Ompok bimaculatus. It extends from 8th to the last caudal vertebra. In the last vertebra the spinal cord forms a distinct, lobate and highly vascular ventral urophysis where the neurosecretory fibers have perivascular endings forming a neurohaemal organ. In the anterior segment near the 8th preterminal vertebra the Dahlgren cells are large and sparsely distributed. In the posterior segment close to the urophysis they are small and densely arranged. The neurosecretory material (NSM) has affinity for acid stains but reacts negatively to Gomori's stain or to a reagent demonstrating SS/SH group. The Dahlgren cells have high RNA content in the cytoplasm indicating active protein synthesis. Histological evidence suggests that the caudal neurosecretory system of this species did not respond to hypertonic osmotic stress. However, immersion in deionized water is accompanied by hypertrophy of Dahlgren cells and depletion of NSM from the caudal neurosecretory system. Hypophysectomy results in initial hypertrophy of the Dahlgren cells followed by atrophic changes and depletion of NSM. Ninety days after hypophysectomy this system gradually reverts to normal. PMID- 7264281 TI - Monoamine oxidase in brain maturation: a histochemical study during posthatching development in altricial birds. AB - Monoamine oxidase was studied histochemically in the brain of three altricial birds, domestic pigeon house swift and house sparrow, during posthatching development. It was found that there was a steady increase in the activity of the enzyme in all areas of the brain of the three birds. The medulla and thalamus showed adult pattern of maturation by 15-20 days in sparrow while the optic lobes and cerebellum did so by 25 days in the former and 11 days in the latter. The cerebral hemispheres showed this by 25-30 days in pigeon and swift and 14 days in sparrow. The hind brain regions showed maximum activity followed by optic lobes, cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum. The development of the enzyme activity coincided with myelination, in the different areas, as well as with the development of other mitochondrial enzymes. The study indicates that the maturation of the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems occurs by 30 days in pigeon and swift, while it takes only about half that time i.e., 14 days, in sparrow. PMID- 7264282 TI - Neuroglia in central Wallerian Degeneration (ultrastructural and histoenzymatic studies). AB - In adult rabbits, unilateral enucleation was performed and morphological changes resulting from disconnection of the axons from their perikaryons of the optic nerve evaluated by means of light and electron microscopy. The morphological changes were compared with histochemically determined activities of several hydrolytic and oxidoreductive enzymes. The results obtained lead to the following conclusions: 1. Astroglial cells displaying increased enzymic activity of many hydrolases and oxidoreductases constitute the main cellular component of the mature optic nerve undergoing Wallerian degeneration. 2. Oligodendroglial cells of the degenerating optic nerve were found as well inside as in their usual position i.e. outside the axons. These cells displayed only slightly expressed morphological or histochemical signs of an increased biological activity. 3. In the mature optic nerve undergoing Wallerian degeneration some signs of remyelination i.e. formation of an aberrant myelin without proper connection to axons, were observed. 4. An intact functional connection between the perikaryons, the axons and myelin sheaths is in the mature optic nerve not indispensable for initiation of myelinogenesis during Wallerian degeneration. PMID- 7264283 TI - Thalamic afferents to the prefrontal cortex in the cat traced with horseradish peroxidase. AB - Thalamic afferents to the prefrontal cortex in the cat were traced with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Following injections of HPR into the medial prefrontal cortex and the ventral portion of the lateral prefrontal cortex, a large number of labeled cells were found in the dorsomedial nucleus of the ipsilateral thalamus, particularly its medial and dorsal parts. Labeled cells were also detected in the submedial and ventral medial nuclei, more in the former. Very few cells were labeled in the medial part of the medial pulvinar nucleus and in the paratenial and medial central nuclei. Occasional labeled cells were seen in the paracentral, rhomboid and reuniens nuclei. Injections of HRP into the dorsal part of the lateral prefrontal cortex, including the medial bank of the presylvian sulcus, resulted in heavy labeling of cells particularly in the lateral and ventral parts of the ipsilateral dorsomedial nucleus. Some labeled cells were found in the ventral medial nucleus, and a lesser number in the submedial nucleus. Very few cells were labeled in the paratenial nucleus and in the medial part of the medial pulvinar nucleus. Occasional labeled cells were detected in the paracentral, lateral central and reuniens nuclei. The above results reveal that with regard to the thalamic afferents, appreciable differences between the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortices were noted. PMID- 7264284 TI - Life events stress, subjective appraisal and somatization in hypertension: a pilot study. AB - The present pilot study was designed as a multivariate test of stress as a factor in hypertension. A model is proposed that includes family history of hypertension, high life stress exposure, the subjective appraisal of being under considerable stress, and the tendency to somatize stress cardiovascularly. Health risk behaviors frequently implicated in hypertensive disease were also measured. A sample of 76 low income black adults were interviewed privately and classified into two groups on the basis of "no elevated blood pressure readings" or "1 + elevated readings." Univariate comparisons generally supported the hypotheses. Multivariate stepwise discriminant analyses also were conducted as a stricter test of the model. Six factors were identified as the major discriminators between the groups: cardiovascular and renal symptoms, family history of high blood pressure, proportion of negative to total life change events, and electrodermal and gastrointestinal somatic reactions. Age and positive life stress experiences were also important discriminators. PMID- 7264285 TI - Stressful life events and the return to heroin use. AB - Patients on methadone maintenance were studied to determine which factors influence the continuation of heroin-free treatment, as opposed to the return to drug abuse. Psychosocial data, a Zung Depression Scale, and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) were collected on those patients who returned to heroin use while on a methadone maintenance program during the one year of study (n = 48); they were compared to a control group as well as to themselves during a heroin-free maintenance period. The group of patients returning to heroin use showed the existence of such events as recent loss, depression, and exacerbation of intense affect coinciding with the occurrence of heroin use. Furthermore, their SRRS scores and number of SRRS items were significantly higher than those of the control group and than their own steady-state scores. The number and magnitude of stressful life events seem significantly related to patients' not adhering to methadone maintenance and returning to heroin use. The understanding of the importance and adaptive function of drugs to the addict in regulating and ameliorating otherwise overwhelming and catastrophic affective states is underscored otherwise overwhelming and catastrophic affective states is underscored by this study. The total number of life stress events as well as the specificity of meaning to the patient are both emotionally important in understanding, intervening, and treating these patients. PMID- 7264286 TI - Life events, perceived control and illness: the role of uncertainty. AB - The health implications of recognizing the difference between situations that are controllable and those that are not has been noted by a variety of sources. With this notion in mind, the present study examined the relationship between perceptions of control and desirability of life events and subsequent health in a college student sample. Subjects indicated which of a list of life events had occurred to them over a three-month span and also specified how desirable each was and to what extent they were in control of its occurrence. Illness was reported for the following month. The results indicated that both undesirable uncontrollable events and undesirable events of uncertain controllability were significantly related to the occurrence of illness. Of greatest interest was the finding that the occurrence of events of uncertain controllability was more strongly related to illness than events perceived as totally uncontrollable. The results are discussed in terms of research and theory stressing the adaptative significance of the ability to discriminate controllable situations from uncontrollable ones. PMID- 7264287 TI - Stress: a psychophysiological conception. AB - Physiological and psychological conceptions of stress have evolved independently within their respective fields. An attempt has been made to integrate the salient theoretical features of stress in a definition which accommodates them. The merits of this integration have been outlined. It is believed that the integrated approach will led to interdisciplinary understanding among theoreticians, writers, and researchers and will allow a unified theoretical structure to grow. PMID- 7264288 TI - Students' perceptions of favourite and disliked foods. AB - Secondary students and tertiary dietetics and health education students rated their Favourite and Most Disliked foods on 35 seven-point rating scales. The resulting data were subjected to a series of factor analyses which indicated little difference between the students' conceptions of their Favourite and Most Disliked foods. The main factors were named: "Fattening-poor aspects', "Healthy aspects', "Appeal', "Simplicity-convenience', "Hardness-crunchiness'. Discriminant analyses of the factor scores indicated significant differences in the ways students of different ages, and from different ethnic and educational backgrounds, construed the foods. The results are discussed in relation to adolescent development, and a social motivation model of food choice is proposed. PMID- 7264289 TI - A comparison of protein concentrations and energy in breast milk from preterm and term mothers. AB - The concentrations of milk specific and plasma proteins were compared in milk from mothers of preterm and term infants. Energy content was also determined. Immunoglobulin A was significantly increased in preterm milk, but there was no difference in the concentration of any other proteins or in the energy content. Both protein and energy varied to a greater extent in samples of preterm milk. We propose a hypothesis to explain the higher concentration of total nitrogen reported in preterm milk. PMID- 7264290 TI - A correspondence course for the further education of French dietitians -- a pilot experiment run by Nancy University. AB - A further education scheme French dietitians began in 1975 at the request of the Association of French Dietitians. Because the dietitians were widely scattered, a correspondence course was chosen. The three-year course comprises 18 booklets including pathology, physiology, organisation and administration, community law and hygiene, and pedagogy. At the end of each booklet the candidates write a paper, on a given aspect of the subject concerned, which is returned to the training centre for correction by the writer of the booklet. Each year the dietitians and teaching staff assemble for a five-day seminar at which the subjects are further elaborated. Candidates completing 12 written papers and attending all three seminars are eligible to sit the examination. Over the past five years, 679 dietitians have taken part in this course and 126 candidates have passed Nancy University's advanced dietetics examination. The original feature of this scheme is that dietitians are able to study for higher qualifications whilst continuing their regular professional duties. PMID- 7264291 TI - Objectives and methods in nutrition education--let's start again. PMID- 7264292 TI - The appearance and the nutritional value of food products. AB - Examples are given of how appearance of foods and their packaging influence nutrient intakes. It is shown that individuals are capable of making both nutritionally "right' and "wrong' choices on the basis of appearance and that, consequently, the consumer may be misled. PMID- 7264293 TI - Carotenaemia in infancy. AB - The condition of carotenaemia is harmless but can lead to the mistaken diagnosis of jaundice; it may also be a feature in hypothyroidism. A case of carotenaemia in a baby is reported, caused by an excess of carrots in his mixed feeds, and the diagnostic features are emphasised. PMID- 7264294 TI - Identification of supplier induced demand in the health care sector. AB - This paper explores the issues and pitfalls encountered when attempting to test empirically the hypothesis that physician, hospital, or any other input supply level induces increasing demand for health services in the strict sense of demand shift and, through that, increased demand for the input in question. Evidence is presented which suggests that an empirical test of the supplier induced demand (SID) hypothesis of the type traditionally performed may not in fact be feasible with cross-sectional aggregate data such as is usually used. PMID- 7264296 TI - Student discount rates, consumption loans, and subsidies to professional training. PMID- 7264295 TI - The medical school admission process: an empirical investigation. PMID- 7264297 TI - Amyloidosis in (CBA/J X A/J)F2 mice: correlation of amyloid resistance and low mitogenic response to concanavalin A. AB - A/J mice are highly resistant to induction of amyloidosis with serial injections of azocasein, compared to the CBA/J strain. (CBA X A) F2 hybrid mice were treated with azocasein, after spleen biopsy for assay of 3 immunologic functions differing in the parent strains. The proportions of amyloid susceptibility and resistance in the hybrid population conformed to the expectations for a single gene. Low responses to the T cell mitogen concanavalin A correlated with resistance to amyloid induction, whereas the response to lipopolysaccharide and the level of natural killer activity were independent of susceptibility to amyloidosis. PMID- 7264298 TI - The attack phase of human complement: differentiation between membrane binding and complex formation by the detection of neoantigen expression in situ. A morphometric immunoferritin study. AB - C5-9 neoantigen was found by morphometric immunoferritin staining on the membrane of guinea pig erythrocytes lyzed by reactive lysis C5b6 or acid-activated C5 + C6 and C7, C8, and C9. Neoantigen first appeared at the C7 step, increasing with C8, and decreasing after the addition of C9. The incubation of E with C5-C8 or C5-C9 at 0 degrees C resulted in EC5-8 without neoantigen. Reincubation of these cells after washing at 37 degrees C for 5 min led to neoantigen expression. An energy requiring step is postulated after binding of C5-C8 and needed for C9 binding and lysis. PMID- 7264299 TI - The effects of ultraviolet irradiation on the generation of anti-tumor cytotoxic effector cell responses in vitro. AB - The effects of irradiation of lymphoid cells in vitro with ultraviolet (UV) light were studied using radiation sources that are widely used both in the study of photocarcinogeneic mechanisms and by commercial tanning parlors (FS40 sunlamps). Low doses of direct exposure of cells was found to abrogate the differentiation events that lead to the generation of functional cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). UV irradiation of cells in vitro induces alterations that, although not immediately obvious, lead to cell death during the next several days in tissue culture. Energy titration experiments demonstrated that both primed T cells and accessory cells were sensitive to the effects of direct UV-exposure; T cells were found to be much more sensitive than accessory cells. A 90% decrease in CTL generation could be affected with as little as 10 sec of UV exposure. These effects appear to be caused by wavelengths in the UVB range (280 to 320 nm), since exposure of cells to much higher doses of energy in the UVA range (320 to 400 nm) were not inhibitory. The spectrum of wavelengths in the UV region is large (200 to 400 nm). The data presented here demonstrate that it is overly simplistic to assume that all wavelengths in the UV spectrum mediate their effects via identical mechanisms. Furthermore, the wavelengths at which a given amount of energy is emitted appears to be much more important than the absolute amount of energy (in joules) which biologic systems are subjected. PMID- 7264300 TI - Human IgE antibody synthesis in vitro: stimulation of IgE responses by pokeweed mitogen and selective inhibition of such responses by human suppressive factor of allergy (SFA). AB - The studies presented herein provide details of an in vitro system in which IgE biosynthesis by human peripheral mononuclear cells can be stimulated by exposure to pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Mononuclear cells of normal donors or patients with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E were cultured in 2 stages, the first stage consisting of exposure of cells to stimulating mitogen; after this first stage incubation, cells were washed and replated in cultures devoid of any additional mitogen for a further 6 days. Under such conditions, human mononuclear cells were shown to synthesize significant quantities of IgE. Both T cells and surface IgE-bearing cells were shown to be necessary in order to obtain an IgE response in this system. Supernatants from 2-way human mixed lymphocyte cultures were shown to contain an IgE class-specific suppressive factor capable of selectively inhibiting in vitro IgE (and not IgG) biosynthesis. This model can be used to compare the regulation of IgE synthesis in normal and atopic donors, and further experiments examining the production and action of this class-specific suppressive factor may have prognostic and therapeutic implications. PMID- 7264302 TI - Nomenclature of the alternative activating pathway of complement. PMID- 7264301 TI - The adjuvant activity of nonionic block polymer surfactants. I. The role of hydrophile-lipophile balance. AB - We developed an experimental model for studying the physicochemical basis of the adjuvant activity of surface-active agents. Pluronic polyols are chemically similar but physicochemically diverse surface-active agents composed of polymers of hydrophilic polyoxyethylene and lipophilic polyoxypropylene. One of them, L121, was found to be a powerful adjuvant for increasing antibody formation to BSA in mice when injected in an oil-in-water emulsion. Another, L101, was less effective in increasing antibody formation, but was more effective in inducing granulomatous inflammation. Three others had little effect on either response. The ability of these and other surface active agents to serve as adjuvants correlated with a physicochemical parameter, the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB). All of the surfactants with strong adjuvant activity have HLB values of less than 2. They are strongly lipophilic and promote the retention of macromolecules by oil drops in oil-in-water emulsions. We propose that the adjuvant activity of these compounds is dependent on their ability to concentrate the adjuvant, immunogen, and host proteins on hydrophobic surfaces, where they are more effectively presented to cells of the immune system. PMID- 7264303 TI - Serologic and biochemical identification of minor histocompatibility (H-4) antigens. AB - Mouse alloantiserum capable of detecting minor histocompatibility antigens has been produced. Cytotoxic antibody to products of the H-4 locus was produced by reciprocal immunization of minor H loci congenic strains B10 (H-4a) and B10.129(21M) (H-4b), with mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes and epidermal cells. Absorption studies suggested antibodies to more than 1 specificity. The antibodies cross-react with products of other minor H loci. Alloantiserum to the H-4 gene product precipitates a glycoprotein with a m.w. of approximately 45,000 from radiolabeled Con A-stimulated lymph node cells. PMID- 7264304 TI - Human IgE synthesis in vitro: a reassessment. PMID- 7264305 TI - Genetic control of antisperm autoantibody response in vasectomized guinea pigs. AB - About 50% of vasectomized and none of sham-operated outbred Hartley GP develop autoantibodies to TSDA, surface antigens on sperm, spermatids, and residual bodies detectable by a sensitive quantitative cellular radioimmunobinding assay. A similar study of anti-TSDA antibody responses on different strains of GP demonstrates that Strain 13 GP are high responders and PLLhr guinea pigs are nonresponders, whereas the responses of Strain 2 and PLLlr GP are intermediate. Furthermore, 100% of vasectomized F1 GP between Strain 13 females and PLLhr males produce anti-TSDA antibody. Of the vasectomized back-cross GP between the F1 and PLLhr, 46% produce anti-TSDA antibody, 54% do not. These data provide strong evidence that autoimmune antibody response to sperm surface antigens in vasectomized GP is controlled by a single dominant autosomal or X-linked gene. Antisera from vasectomized Strain 13, F1, and back-cross GP are found to react with 3 major polypeptides (MW 63, 37, and 22 kd) on sperm surface that can be radioiodinated and extracted by NP-40. PMID- 7264306 TI - Effect of pH on the binding between guinea pig IgG isotypes and protein A: evidence for intra-isotypic binding heterogeneity. PMID- 7264307 TI - Allergenically active components of cat allergen extracts. AB - The allergens involved in cat allergy have been studied in pelt extracts, saliva, serum, and urine. Using crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) to examine the antigenic content, and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) and RAST to examine the allergenic content, it was found that allergen 1 of Dr. Ohman is the most important allergenic component, whereas albumin and several unidentified proteins play a minor role. Allergen 1 was not detectable in serum and urine. The allergenic and nonallergenic proteins of pelt extract and saliva were identical by CIE, suggesting that pelt extract proteins are mainly of salivary origin. PMID- 7264309 TI - Separation of guinea pig peripheral blood lymphocytes by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll-metrizoate. AB - We present a simple method for the recovery of lymphocytes from guinea pig peripheral blood by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll metrizoate solutions. This technique is formulated specifically for the routine preparation of guinea pig lymphocytes for in vitro cultivation and is capable of recovering 40-60% of available lymphocytes. Whole, heparinized (10-100 U/ml) blood was drawn from strain 2 guinea pigs by cardiac puncture, diluted 1 : 4 with Ca2,Mga free Hanks' balanced salt solution (CMF-HBSS) containing EDTA (5 mM) and gentamicin (50 microgram/ml), and incubated at room temperature for 30-60 min to promote leukocyte disaggregation. Five volumes of diluted blood were layered onto 2 vol of Ficoll-metrizoate adjusted to a density of 1.107 g/ml with sodium metrizoate solution. A band of mononuclear cells (80-90% lymphocytes, 10-20% monocytes, and less than 2% granulocytes) formed at the interface after centrifugation (400 X g, 20-40 min, room temperature). More than 95% of the cells were viable by trypan blue exclusion. Lymphocytes recovered from as little as 3-5 ml whole blood were more sensitive to antigen- or mitogen-activated transformation than leukocyte suspensions obtained by dextran-citrate sedimentation with or without nylon column filtration. PMID- 7264308 TI - Recovery of eosinophils from the peritoneal cavity of the guinea pig. AB - We studied the effects of various conditions on the recovery of eosinophils from the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs repeatedly lavaged with saline. We compared the effects of ether and halothane on eosinophil production in guinea pigs either lavaged with saline alone or receiving an injection of polymyxin B before saline lavage. With both anesthetics polymyxin B caused a rapid and consistent increase in eosinophil production, although neutrophils were present. With halothane anesthesia, saline lavage alone yielded mean eosinophil values near those found in the polymyxin group. In contrast, saline lavage alone with ether anesthesia yielded a significantly lower mean eosinophil value than in the polymyxin groups with either anesthetic and the saline lavage alone with halothane anesthesia (P less than 0.05). Additional studies showed that females guinea pigs produced greater numbers of peritoneal eosinophils than male guinea pigs and that peritoneal eosinophilia was maintained for up to 20 weeks by weekly peritoneal lavage with saline alone. Castration of male guinea pigs did not result in eosinophil production comparable to female guinea pigs. Infection with Trichinella spiralis did not enhance peritoneal eosinophilia commensurate with that seen in the peripheral blood. These results indicate that saline lavage alone is a sufficient stimulus for eosinophil production in guinea pigs anesthetized with halothane, that greater numbers of eosinophils are produced in females than males and, finally, that eosinophil production continues at high levels for more than 20 weeks. PMID- 7264310 TI - Intrinsically stable IgG aggregates. AB - Measurement of the absorbance due to light scattering at 40 nm proved to be a simple and reliable way of assessing the extent of aggregation in heat-treated IgG solutions. Using this technique the rate of aggregation was demonstrated to be markedly temperature dependent with a sharp inflexion in the curve close to 63 degrees C. During heating at 63 degrees C the concentration of unaggregated IgG fell in a manner consistent with a first-order process and the mean size of the IgG aggregates increased with time. IgG aggregates could be selectively removed from heat-treated IgG solutions and concentrated by precipitation with 3.5% polyethylene glycol without altering their size distribution. Furthermore, and in contrast with a previous report, the IgG aggregates examined in this study were remarkably stable in the absence of any other protein such as serum albumin. In consequence, several important practical recommendations concerning the production of heat-aggregated IgG for use in immune complex assays are made. PMID- 7264311 TI - A simple procedure for assessing the stability of heat-aggregated IgG preparations. PMID- 7264312 TI - A method for the production and quantitative assay of human lymphokine preparations. AB - A procedure for the preparation and assay of a human lymphokine supernatant is described. Tonsillar lymphocytes at a concentration of 2 X 10(7)/ml in a serum free medium are incubated for 2 h with PHA-P, washed free of unbound mitogen and incubated for a further 17 h. The supernatant is harvested and concentrated, and the active protein fraction is absorbed to and eluted from a column of hydroxylapatite. The eluate is desalted and sterile filtered. The preparations contain active material released from 10(8) cells in 1 ml and do not contain residual PHA-P. The most active preparations are obtained using PHA-P as the mitogen and at concentrations of 25-50 microgram/ml during the 2 h pulsing period. Activity is assessed by a quantitative assay based on the maintenance of mitogen activated blast cells in culture for 2 days. PMID- 7264313 TI - Radioiodination of surface proteins and glycoproteins of lymphocytes by immobilized lactoperoxidase. AB - Radioiodination of lymphocyte surface proteins employing soluble lactoperoxidase was found to be unsatisfactory for the quantitative isolation and characterization of cell surface glycoproteins: either the glycoproteins were contaminated by self-iodinated lactoperoxidase or were in part removed by the washing step following the radioiodination procedure. Therefore, optimal conditions for cell surface radioiodination by lactoperoxidase covalently linked to Sepharose 4B (lacto-beads) were worked out. By the employment of immobilized lactoperoxidase, the enzyme could easily be removed following solubilization of the radiolabelled cells by a simple washing step. Radioiodinated cell surface proteins and glycoproteins were obtained without any loss as shown by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7264314 TI - Cell membrane receptor classes delimited through cap formation either with diamide or with membrane mobility agent, A2C. AB - Receptors on normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes can be divided into two classes by means of the capping response exhibited in the presence of the reagents, diamide or colchicine (microtubule-related) and A2C (microtubule independent). Diamide and colchicine promote capping of concanavalin A (Con A) receptors. Diamide capping is reversible, while colchicine capping is not reversible under the conditions used. A2C does not promote the capping of Con A receptors. In contrast, diamide and colchicine do not affect the rate at which either anti-immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) receptors cap, but A2C effectively enhances cap formation for both anti-Ig and WGA receptors. The simplicity of the classification method promises to be of use in the investigation of membrane receptors. PMID- 7264315 TI - Radio-ligand immunoassay for human hemoglobin variants. AB - A quantitative method is described for the individual assay of human hemoglobin variants occurring singly or in mixture. The hemoglobin to be assayed is bound to specific antibody; the immune complex is attached to protein A-containing S. aureus and removed from the mixture. The hemoglobin thus isolated is quantified by its ability to bind radiolabeled haptoglobin. The technique is accurate and distinguishes among the 4 hemoglobins tested, namely Hb A, S, C and F. It has the advantage over conventional radioimmunoassay that a single probe, radiolabeled haptoglobin, is needed for the specific assay of any hemoglobin. PMID- 7264316 TI - Immunoelectrophoresis employing avian antisera for the detection and quantitation of Pasteurella multocida antigens. AB - Immunoelectrophoresis with various buffer systems at high and low pH was examined for suitability to detect and quantitate Pasteurella multocida antigens with turkey or chicken anti-P. multocida sera. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis was used to develop a buffer system for one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The effects of pH, buffer, and molarity on resolution of immunoprecipitates were determined; 0.05 M sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer at pH 5.6 was the most suitable buffer. This buffer could be used in counterimmunoelectrophoresis with turkey or chicken sera to detect minute amounts of P. multocida protein antigens (4.3 ng/test) or lipopolysaccharide (3.12 micrograms/test). One-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis with the acetate buffer system required treatment of the gels with a 17% NaCl solution to induce immunoprecipitation of P. multocida lipopolysaccharide. Other techniques using the acetate buffer system did not require the high salt treatment. In two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, antisera migrated in the second dimension at pH 8.6, but did not migrate at pH 5.6. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis with the acetate buffer system was effective for quantitating P. multocida antigens. PMID- 7264318 TI - The preparation of plasma fibronectin antigen and antiserum. AB - Affinity chromatography of human plasma, using either gelatin or fibrinogen coupled to Sepharose 4B, depletes the plasma of fibronectin. Other 'contaminant' proteins are also bound by this procedure on the column and elute with the fibronectin, as shown by using the bound and eluted fraction to immunise rabbits. Such antisera can be rendered specific for fibronectin by absorption with fibronectin depleted plasma. Alternatively, purified fibronectin can be obtained by a two-stage chromatographic procedure using a second separation on Sephacryl S300, and immunization with this as antigen produces monospecific antiserum. This reacts both with plasma and tissue fibronectin. PMID- 7264317 TI - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of mouse serum. AB - Because crossed immunoelectrophoresis (X-IEP) is quantitative and offers more information than immunoelectrophoresis (IEP), we selected X-IEP to study various physiologic and pathologic effects on the antigen composition of mouse serum. We therefore needed and X-IEP map of normal mouse serum. This paper presents one that we have developed, along with brief descriptions of how the mouse serum antigens were identified. Cross-reactivity between several mouse and human serum antigens was especially helpful. Some data from using ratios of the areas of precipitation of detected antigens to that of an internal standard antigen, alpha macroglobulin, are presented. They show that X-IEP readily detects quantitative abnormalities among any of the several serum antigens detected by this technique, and that 'normal' values for these antigens in one population of mice can be established in the same way of using ratios with just a few analyses. PMID- 7264319 TI - A technique for the identification of glycoprotein antigens in immune complexes and its application to the detection of a common glycoprotein in sera of patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AB - A new technique for the detection of glycoprotein antigens in immune complexes (IC) isolated from serum is described. The technique was developed with a model IC system consisting of ovalbumin (OVA)-rabbit anti-ovalbumin antibodies (aOVA), at 3 times antigen excess. OVA-aOVA IC added to normal human serum (NHS) were purified by absorption onto and elution from tubes coated with rheumatoid factor (RF) and were subjected to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Concanavalin A (Con A)-binding proteins were detected by treating the gels with radioiodinated Con A (125Con A), followed by autoradiography. IC isolated from sera of patients with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) were analyzed before and after reduction with dithiothreitol. Two closely spaced proteins of about 40 kdalton were identified in the reduced samples in 26 of 30 BL sera (86%) and in 24 of 30 NPC sera (80%) but were not seen in 30 sera of African patients with a variety of unrelated tumors nor in 12 sera of European blood bank donors. PMID- 7264320 TI - Criteria of cell killing in vitro. AB - The attachment of cells to plastic tissue culture plates is a widely used criterion of cell viability in microcytotoxicity assays. When cell suspensions of primary human colon carcinoma and melanoma cells which were of low initial viability (assessed by trypan blue exclusion) were allowed to adhere to tissue culture plates, many of the adhering cells did not satisfy other criteria of cell viability. They did not stain with fluorescein diacetate but did stain with propidium iodide and fluorescein-labelled antinuclear antibodies. Using complement-mediated cytotoxicity, relatively weak activity was inconsistently demonstrated against these cells. On the other hand, strong activity was always demonstrated against highly viable cells from one colon carcinoma and two melanoma cell lines. Immunologically mediated damage to these cells was demonstrated readily by loss of the ability to stain with fluorescein diacetate, but not by cell detachment. PMID- 7264321 TI - Evidence of transient effect by lignocaine on alveolar macrophage morphology. AB - Alveolar macrophages were extracted from rat lung by pulmonary lavage. The lavage fluid consisted of Joklik's minimum essential medium alone, containing lignocaine, or lignocaine with the addition of 10% foetal calf serum. Although the presence of lignocaine increased the macrophage yield 3-fold, in the absence of foetal calf serum the resulting macrophage population exhibited gross cytoplasmic vacuolation. The presence of foetal calf serum prevented this vacuolar formation. There was no difference in either the osmolarity or pH of the media and although the vacuolation failed to produce changes in a cell viability assay, the presence of the morphological change is obviously undesirable when functional studies are to be carried out. PMID- 7264322 TI - Improved method for the isolation of purified mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured for 45 min in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) is petri dishes coated overnight with heat-inactivated FCS. After removal of non-adherent cells by washing, adherent cells were detached by a brief incubation in the presence of sub-toxic levels of ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA). Overall peritoneal macrophage recoveries of 90% can be routinely achieved with this method, and full cell viability is maintained. PMID- 7264323 TI - Serological identification of viral antigens after electrophoretic transfer. AB - The method described permits detection of specific antibodies to antigenic material, the protein components of which can first be separated by electrophoresis and then transferred to a supporting medium where their reactivity with antibody may be demonstrated using peroxidase-labelled anti-Ig. Results are described for measles virus and measles-like virus isolated from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) brain. Dilutions, incubation time and conditions, detection with peroxidase-labelled immunoglobulins and selection of substrate are described and discussed. PMID- 7264324 TI - Sensitive measurement of endotoxin by radio-rocket immunoelectrophoresis using [125I] Staphylococcus aureus protein A. AB - Antibody directed against the core glycolipid antigen (CGL) of the mutant Salmonella minnesota Re 595 has been shown to cross-react with endotoxin from bacteria within the group Enterobacteriaceae. Using this cross-reactive CGL antibody we have developed a sensitive (250 pg) radio-rocket immunoelectrophoretic technique to measure endotoxin. We used the principles of rocket immunoelectrophoresis and increased the sensitivity by using 125 I labelled staphylococcal protein A which serves as a sensitive probe to bind to the Fc portion of the IgG complexed with antigen. The rocket-shaped [125I] protein A labelled immune complexes were detected by radioautography. The sensitivity is 100-fold greater than conventional Coomassie brilliant blue staining. Measurement of CGL was inhibited by normal human serum. However, the assay had the capacity to quantitate endotoxin in buffer extracts of clinically isolated Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Analysis of various preparations of CGL obtained from different investigators demonstrated wide variation in their immunoreactivity. Because of the significant cross-reaction to detect various endotoxins this method has the potential to measure endotoxemia and assess the immunochemical quality of various endotoxin preparations. Additionally, the technique of using [125I] protein A has wide applicability for the sensitive measurement of other antigens. PMID- 7264325 TI - Large-scale purification and cryopreservation of human monocytes. AB - Human blood monocytes were purified by a new method capable of handling 3 X 10(9) mononuclear leukocytes, which does not involve adherence of the cells and takes about 3 h to perform. The yield of monocytes is 70%, the purity about 90% and the viability 99%. Monocytes purified by this method were cryopreserved at -196 degrees C. The function of the cells was tested before freezing and after thawing. We found that the capacity of cryo-preserved monocytes to move to the source of a chemotactic gradient, to ingest particles, to mount a respiratory burst during phagocytosis, to kill intracellular bacteria, to lyse anti-D sensitized erythrocytes and to help autologous lymphocytes in a proliferative response to mitogens or antigens, was preserved by 70% or more as compared with non-frozen cells. Thus, cryopreservation of human blood monocytes is possible with maintenance of functional capacities. PMID- 7264326 TI - Effect of lactose on serum lipids in cases of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7264328 TI - Intestinal helminthic infestation. PMID- 7264327 TI - Intestinal parasites in slum dwellers. PMID- 7264329 TI - Morbid adhesion of placenta. PMID- 7264330 TI - Strangulated inguinal hernia--an unusual fate. PMID- 7264331 TI - Giant hydronephrosis in a solitary kidney. PMID- 7264332 TI - Anal malignant melanoma. PMID- 7264333 TI - Post-transfusion hepatitis in India. PMID- 7264334 TI - Adenomyosis uteri. PMID- 7264335 TI - Pattern of excretion of 17-ketosteroids in psychiatric disorders. PMID- 7264336 TI - Hepatic failure and its management. PMID- 7264337 TI - Retroperitoneal malignant mesenchymoma. PMID- 7264338 TI - An unusual case of ascites. PMID- 7264339 TI - Surgical services in rural India. PMID- 7264340 TI - Clinical medicine and clinical research: an appraisal. PMID- 7264341 TI - Calculation of recombination frequency from F2 hybrids. PMID- 7264343 TI - Contemporary indications for the use of hyperbaric oxygen. PMID- 7264342 TI - Linkage of neuraminidase and alpha-mannosidase to the major histocompatibility complex in the rat. PMID- 7264344 TI - Physician at the scene (an intervener). Emergency medicine. PMID- 7264345 TI - Stroke as a complication of migraine disease. PMID- 7264346 TI - Thoracic outlet syndrome. PMID- 7264347 TI - Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH): nemesis for the unwary. PMID- 7264348 TI - Adlerian psychology and cognitive-behavior therapy: convergences. PMID- 7264349 TI - [Bladder reconstruction for exstrophia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264350 TI - [Extrasinusal ureterocaliceal anastomoses. Review of 27 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Extrasinusal ureterocaliceal anastomoses have been conducted in 27 patients, 21 adults and 6 children, in the Urological Clinic of the Hopital Necker over the last 10 years. Principal indications, of much greater importance than tuberculosis, are pyelocaliceal lithiasis and certain anomalies of the pyeloureteral junction. In 15 cases, the operation was first choice therapy, while in the other 12 patients it was employed to treat a postoperative cicatriceal stenosis of the subpyelic portion of the ureter. "Peripheral" ureterocaliceal anastomosis (the ureter is sutured to a section of a calyx opened by partial nephrectomy) was carried out in 21 cases, and a "central" anastomosis, suturing the ureter to the base of a calyx after partial nephrectomy, in the 6 others. The most effective drainage method, employed in 14 patients without secretion leak, was nephrostomy at the side of a ureteral sound intubating the anastomosis. The two main postoperative complications were early anastomosis stenosis (6 cases), requiring a repeat operation, and fistulae necessitating prolonged ureteral drainage. Results have remained constant, and of the 25 cases followed up for an average of 2 years, 19 are still perfectly satisfactory (3 of these patients had had repeated ureterocaliceal anastomoses). Results were better after first than second choice ureterocaliceal anastomoses. It should logically be performed as the initial operation, therefore, when required because of the existing pathological condition: destroyed or inaccessible renal pelvis, inability to use the subpyelic portion of the ureter, or very marked pyelocaliceal distension requiring dependent drainage. PMID- 7264351 TI - [Intravenous urography- v.s.- ultrasonography or intravenous urography +/- ultrasonography (author's transl)]. AB - The author warns against the abusive use of renal ultrasonography in urological disorders without previous intravenous urography investigations. It is also of fundamental importance to obtain perfect tomography images of the kidneys before requesting ultrasonography examinations, in patients with renal insufficiency. In urological practice, ultrasonography can only be correctly interpreted by the aid of anatomical data from radiological investigations, of which intravenous urography is by far the most important. PMID- 7264352 TI - [Regression and disappearance of bone metastasis in a case of prostatic carcinoma after bilateral orchidectomy and oestrogen therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports an exceptional case of 12 years survival in a case of prostatic carcinoma with bone metastases. He notes the high degree of hormone dependence of this tumour which was seen particularly clearly following bilateral orchidectomy. Certain bone metastases disappeared completely whilst others regressed. A precise immunological study demonstrated the preservation of immune potential despite the presence of metastases. PMID- 7264353 TI - [Personal experience of urate lithiasis (author's transl)]. AB - In Alsace, urate lithiasis accounts for 32.7% of cases of lithiasis requiring hospitalisation. Fifty nine per cent of patients are hyperuricaemic, and only 10% have typical gout. 14.6% are hyperuricosuric but all have isoaciduria. A male disorder in 3/4 cases, it occurs above all after the age of 50. The relatively late onset, combined with marked obesity (mean weight 81.5 kg) is considered by the authors to be an argument proving the role of dietary excesses in the aetiology of this lithiasis. Excessive protein would seem to be the essential feature. PMID- 7264354 TI - [Retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis of an infraclinical testicular seminoma (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of retroperitoneal lymphatic dissemination of a seminoma without any demonstrable primary testicular tumour. Irradiation of the patient led to complete cure, apparently stable with two years' follow up. The authors explored both sides of the scrotum clinically and surgically without finding any testicular tumour. A brief review of the literature reveals three possibilities: --lymphatic metastasis of an infraclinical testicular seminoma, - extra-nodal retroperitoneal metastasis of a testicular tumour, --retroperitoneal seminomatous tumour developing in embryonic rests of germinal tissue which might possibly be complicated by a retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis. The case of the authors falls within the precise context of lymph node metastases of an undemonstrated testicular tumour. PMID- 7264355 TI - [Munchausen syndrome and recurrent haematuria (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report an exceptional case of a patient drawing blood from the veins and introducing it into the bladder via a straw. This psychiatric syndrome was discovered only after several hospitalisations, being considered as a conversion hysteria and favourably influenced by psychotherapy. PMID- 7264356 TI - [Echographic diagnosis of a case of prostatic abcess (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a rare case of prostatic abscess presenting with perineal pain then a purulent urethral discharge without fever no dysuria and proven beyond doubt by prostatic echography via a sub-public approach. Endoscopic resection of the cover of this abscess ensured cure. PMID- 7264358 TI - Ultrastructural and x-ray microanalytical observations of minocycline-related hyperpigmentation of the skin. AB - In order to elucidate the nature and distribution of the pigment responsible for the circumscribed blue-black cutaneous hyperpigmentation occurring after administration of minocycline hydrochloride, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive electron x-ray microanalysis were performed on lesional skin. Ultrastructural observations demonstrated electron-dense iron-containing particles either incorporated into a variety of siderosomes, within dermal histiocytes, free within the cytoplasm, or, rarely, scattered among dermal collagen fibers. Electron x-ray microanalysis confirmed iron content present within these particles. Although siderosomal inclusions contained occasional melanosome complexes, the degree of deposition of electron-dense iron-containing particles in dermal histiocytes seemed to be primarily responsible for the blue black discoloration of the skin. The present study is an investigation of the structure and composition of the pigment responsible for minocycline-related cutaneous hyperpigmentation. PMID- 7264357 TI - A new human photosensitive subject with a defect in the recovery of DNA synthesis after ultraviolet-light irradiation. AB - A non-sensitive, 8-yr-old male patient (termed UV81KO) with only acute recurrent sunburns and without any other physical or neuromental retardations was studied. The patient's skin exhibited lowered minimal erythema doses between 280 and 300 nm monochromatic wavelengths without delayed peaking of erythema. UV81KO skin fibroblasts in culture was 5-fold more sensitive to 254 nm UV killing than normal cells, though the response of obligatory heterozygotes was normal. UV81KO cells were also more sensitive to killings by fluorescent sunlamp (295-300 nm UV-B) radiation, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, and N-hydroxy-acetyl aminofluorene, but not by monofunctional decarbamoyl mitomycin C, bifunctional mitomycin C, and alkylating agents (methyl methanesulfonate, ethyl methanesulfonate, N-methyl-N nitrosourea). Assays for unscheduled DNA synthesis, T4 endonuclease V-susceptible sites (pyrimidine dimers), endogenous excision-break accumulation by arabinofuranosyl cytosine-plus-hydroxyurea, single-strand-break rejoining, and molecular-weight increase of pulse-chased DNA in irradiated cells indicated no apparently detectable defects in nucleotide-excision repair processes and in replicative bypass in UV81KO cells. Despite the repair proficiency as such, UV81KO cells showed the defective recovery of DNA synthesis after 254 nm UV irradiation with 1 and 5 J/m2, at which dose the recovery occurred in normal cells. The base line level of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was higher in UV81KO cells (10-12 SCEs/cell) than in normal cells (5 SCEs/cell), although the induction rate of SCEs by 254 nm UV in UV81KO cells was the same as in normal cells. Such clinical, cellular and molecular characteristics and comparison to those in the other photodermatoses (xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne's syndrome, the 11961 disorder, Bloom's syndrome) can make a clear distinction of UV81KO from the others. Thus, the UV81KO disorder is put forward as a new photodermatosis with a defect in the recovery of post-UV DNA synthesis. PMID- 7264359 TI - Langerhans cell function dictates induction of contact hypersensitivity or unresponsiveness to DNFB in Syrian hamsters. AB - The relationship between distribution and function of Langerhans cells within the epidermis and the capacity of cutaneous surfaces to promote the induction of contact hypersensitivity to DNFB have been examined in inbred Syrian hamsters. In a manner very similar to previous findings in mice, the results indicate that hamster cutaneous surfaces deficient in normally functioning Langerhans cells, naturally (cheek pouch epithelium) or artificially (after perturbation with ultraviolet light), are inefficient at promoting DNFB sensitization. Instead, DNFB applied to these regions of skin results in the induction of a state of specific unresponsiveness. Viable lymphoid cells from unresponsive hamsters can transfer the unresponsiveness to naive hamsters suggesting that active suppression is at least partly responsible, probably mediated by T lymphocytes. PMID- 7264360 TI - The development of ordered structure in neonate rat epidermis. AB - The establishment of a columnar pattern of organization in rat backskin and earskin was examined by using frozen sections expanded in alkaline buffer and by labeling with 3H-TdR and autoradiography. An adult columnar pattern of organization was established earlier in backskin than earskin. In both tissues the appearance of cell columns was related to a decreasing rate of cell proliferation and, for ear, to a decreasing rate of lateral growth of the epidermis. PMID- 7264361 TI - Response of epidermal cell proliferation to orally administered aromatic retinoid. AB - Hairless albino mice were fed aromatic retinoid in daily doses ranging from 1 to 50 mg/kg body weight. In animals receiving 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, the thickness of the epidermis (vertical epidermal cross sectional areas) and the 3H-thymidine labeling indices were determined throughout a 3-week observation period. The following additional parameters were determined for animals fed 5 mg/kg; individual and cumulative cross sectional areas of epidermal cell nuclei and cytoplasms, nuclear-cytoplasm ratios, mean epidermal cell volume and mean number of epidermal cells. In animals fed 5 mg/kg for 7 days, an analysis of the cell kinetic parameters was performed including determination of duration of S and G2 phases, mean generation time and the proportion of noncycling (Go) cells. The changes induced by the aromatic retinoid were found to be dose dependent and consisted of a transitory cellular hypertrophy and a persistent numerical hyperplasia linked to increased labeling indices. The mean basal cell generation time was found to be greatly accelerated owing to a shortening of all cell cycle phases investigated. PMID- 7264362 TI - Ultrastructural observations on the effect of 4-hydroxyanisole on normal human melanocytes in tissue culture. AB - Riley's classic 1970 experiment showing a specific cytotoxic effect of 4 hydroxyanisole (4-OHA) on tissue-cultured melanocytes of black guinea pig ear skin was repeated on normal human melanocytes, and the results were examined by electron microscopy. In dispersed tissue culture, no specific toxic effect on human melanocytes was observed following equally timed exposures to similar (10( 3) M) or even higher (10(-2) M) concentrations of the drug; plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasmic organelles, including melanosomes were unaffected. The same applied to melanocytes of whole epidermis exposed for 5 hr to the same concentrations of 4-OHA in culture medium. Melanocytes of PUVA treated skin similarly exposed for up to 24 hr to 10(-2) and 10(-3) M 4-OHA, likewise exhibited no evident morphological damage at the ultrastructural level. The discrepancy of results between guinea pig and man could have a variety of explanations, one of which could be due to a possible relatively low level of active tyrosinase in the human melanocytes (Riley believes the cytotoxic effect of 4-OHA to be due to the fact that it acts as a substrate for tyrosinase, toxic intermediates being liberated as a result). However, the lack of effect on the PUVA-activated melanocytes indicates that this cannot be the entire explanation. PMID- 7264363 TI - Ultrastructure of the human dermal microcirculation. III. The vessels in the mid- and lower dermis and subcutaneous fat. AB - This paper describes the ultrastructure of the microcirculatory vessels in the mid- and lower dermis and subcutaneous fat. Reconstruction of vessel walls, tracing out the courses of individual vessels, and survey examination of vessels were carried out by various combinations of routine and serial, ultrathin, and 1 micron sections. Intracellular myofilamentous bundles associated with extracellular filaments were a characteristic feature of the endothelial cells in arterioles possessing an internal elastic lamina, but were only rarely seen in endothelial cells of venules. The ultrastructural features of these bundles and filaments suggested both contractile and anchoring functions. The elastic lamina of the arterioles was shown to be composed of individual elastic fibers oriented in the long axis of the blood vessel under the endothelium, rather than being a continuous sheet as in larger arteries and arterioles. The capillaries in the fat had walls of normal thickness (0.1-0.3 micron) similar to capillaries in other organs, in contrast to the dermal capillaries whose walls are 2-3 micron thick. The arterioles, capillaries, and venules in the fat were frequently devoid of veil cells in contrast to those in the dermis. Venous capillaries with bridged fenestrations were found in close proximity to eccrine sweat glands and hair bulbs in the forearm, trunk, and buttock skin. PMID- 7264364 TI - Comparative histological studies of the tunable dye (at 577 nm) laser and argon laser: the specific vascular effects of the dye laser. AB - This study compares the histological changes occurring after argon laser and dye laser (operating at 577 nm) treatment of normal human skin. The initial effect of the argon laser is a diffuse nonspecific epidermal and upper dermal necrosis with subsequent cell death and a neutrophilic response at 48 hr. These changes occur at 15 joules/cm2 and their extent closely correlates with the energy applied. In sharp contrast, the immediate effect of the dye laser is erythrocyte aggregation, vessel rupture, and hemorrhage. At 48 hr, there is a pattern of acute vasculitis in the upper dermis and a prominent perivascular neutrophilic response in the mid dermis. Focal epidermal necrosis does occur but is relatively minimal, while skin appendages and collagen are preserved. The energy to produce these alterations is relatively small, approximately 3 J/cm2. Thus, the dye laser at 577 nm can selectively damage the cutaneous vascular plexus and may provide a basis for treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions. PMID- 7264365 TI - Experimental infections in rabbits and humans with Pityrosporum orbiculare and P. ovale. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to produce experimental tinea versicolor in rabbits and humans with Pityrosporum orbiculare and P. ovale. P. orbiculare and P. ovale were inoculated, with and without occlusion, on the inside of the ear in 10 male rabbits and on the upper arm in 10 patients with a history of tinea versicolor, and in 3 healthy volunteers. After 1 week tinea versicolor-like lesions were produced with both P. orbiculare and P. ovale in 8 of 10 rabbits. Likewise experimental infections, similar to those found clinically in tinea versicolor, were seen, after 1 week, in 5 patients with a history of tinea versicolor and in the 3 healthy volunteers. Two of 5 patients inoculated for only 4 days showed identical but less pronounced lesions. Experimental infections could only be produced with occlusion. Microscopically short hyphae and transformation between round and oval forms were seen in both P. orbiculare and P. ovale. This investigation adds to the identity of P. orbiculare and P. ovale and also to the identity of these 2 fungi and the fungus seen in tinea versicolor. Spontaneous healing and the fact that experimental infections were produced only under occlusion illustrates the importance of predisposing factors in tinea versicolor. PMID- 7264366 TI - In vitro sorption of aluminum complex to guinea pig stratum corneum. AB - The sorption of aluminum complexes to guinea pig stratum corneum has been studied using our previously described fluorometric and atomic absorption spectrophotometric procedures. The sorption, desorption, and binding properties of the two aluminum systems most often used in topically applied antiperspirants, aluminum chloride and aluminum chlorohydrate, Al2(OH)5Cl . 2H2O were examined as a function of aluminum concentration, sorption time, state of hydration, and for various delipidized tissue specimens. The results indicate rapid uptake of aluminum species in both systems from aqueous solutions for partially hydrated tissue, reaching 50% saturation levels in about 30 min. Pseudo-equilibrium sorption isotherms follow a Langmuir-type sorption behavior over the 10(-4) M to 5 x 10(-3) M aluminum concentration range for both systems reaching plateau sorption capacities. At higher aluminum concentrations, however, the aluminum chlorohydrate isotherm exhibits a long linear increase in sorption following this initial plateau. Sorption of the various aluminum species depends on the hydration state of the tissue with increases in sorption of 2- to 3-fold over tissue prehydration time periods of 0-96 hr. Desorption studies indicate significant reversibility of aluminum chloride sorption from partially hydrated tissue but little desorption from fully hydrated tissue. In contrast, little desorption is observed with aluminum chlorohydrate regardless of tissue hydration levels. These differences are interpreted in terms of the inherent physical chemical properties of the species contained in these two aqueous aluminum (III) ion systems. PMID- 7264367 TI - Neonatal lupus erythematosus: new serologic findings. AB - A child with neonatal lupus was evaluated and found to possess serum anti Ro(SSA) antibodies. The cutaneous lesions and anti Ro(SSA) antibodies disappeared during the next 5 mo. The infant's mother was asymptomatic but possessed anti Ro(SSA) and anti La(SSB) antibodies. PMID- 7264368 TI - Antibodies to cell wall peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with serious staphylococcal infections. AB - An enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to detect antibodies to the cell wall peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus in human sera. All 170 sera from donors and patients with staphylococcal and nonstaphylococcal infections contained IgG antibodies to peptidoglycan; antibody levels varied with age, and transplacental transfer occurred. IgM antibodies to peptidoglycan were not found in donors and were present in only one patient with serious staphylococcal infection. Significantly elevated levels of IgG antibodies to peptidoglycan were observed in 20 (80%) of 25 patients with deep tissue infection with S. aureus but in only two (9%) of 22 patients with superficial staphylococcal infection. An increase in levels of antibodies to peptidoglycan generally coincided with an increase in level of IgG antibodies to teichoic acid. No cross-reactivity between peptidoglycan and teichoic acid was observed. Thus, staphylococcal peptidoglycan is immunogenic in humans, and testing for IgG antibodies to peptidoglycan may be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of serious staphylococcal infections. PMID- 7264369 TI - Pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus during mechanical ventilation. AB - The incidence of pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus in patients treated with mechanical ventilation in an intensive-therapy unit was investigated in a prospective study. Of 295 ventilated patients treated during one year, 17 developed S. aureus pneumonia and 26 developed colonization of lower airways by S. aureus. Neurosurgical patients treated with hyperventilation, sedation, cooling, and steroids had a significantly higher frequency of both S. aureus pneumonia (25.9%) and S. aureus colonization (27.8%) compared with other ventilated patients (1.2% and 4.6%, respectively). The epidemiologic and clinical findings indicate that neurosurgical patients have an increased susceptibility to infections of airways with S. aureus. PMID- 7264370 TI - The significance of serologic, histologic, and immunohistologic findings in the prognosis of 88 asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - Eighty-eight asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were followed with biochemical, serologic, histologic, and immunohistologic studies over a period of four years. None of the 78 HBsAg carriers with normal or minimally changed liver tissue, antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in serum, and no intranuclear hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) developed a chronic inflammatory liver disease. Four individuals lost circulatory HBsAg, and at least two individuals terminated their HBsAg carrier state. Seven asymptomatic HBsAg carriers with chronic hepatitis were characterized by HBeAg in serum and intranuclear HBcAg. However, three HBsAg carriers with chronic hepatitis and an absence of intrahepatocellular HBcAg were positive for antibody to HBeAg over the observation period. The mechanism that leads to chronic hepatitis in these patients remains to be determined. PMID- 7264371 TI - Phagocytosis and algicidal activity of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils against Prototheca wickerhamii. AB - Protothecosis is an uncommon infection due to Prototheca wickerhamii. Recently, a patient with progressive cutaneous protothecosis and an apparent defect in the ability of her polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) to kill P. wickerhamii was successfully treated. Therefore, the role of PMNs and serum opsonins in host defense against tissue invasion by this organism was evaluated. The results show that human PMNs ingested and kill P. wickerhamii. Ultrastructural studies revealed digestion of the organism by PMNs 60 min after ingestion. Optimal phagocytosis and killing of P. wickerhamii by PMNs required the presence of both specific IgG antibody and heat-labile opsonins. PMID- 7264372 TI - Toxicity of amantadine and rimantadine for the ciliated epithelium of ferret tracheal rings. PMID- 7264373 TI - Bone marrow cultures: their value in diagnosing fungal and mycobacterial infection in patients with cancer. PMID- 7264374 TI - Susceptibility of members of the Mastomys natalensis species complex to experimental infection with Yersinia pestis. PMID- 7264375 TI - A proposed change in bacterial nomenclature: "a rose by any other name is not a rose". PMID- 7264376 TI - Serologic differentiation of Legionnaires' disease and psittacosis. PMID- 7264377 TI - [Echocardiographic study of left ventricular motion in cases with acute left ventricular diastolic volume overload(author's transl)]. AB - M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography were performed to investigate the motion of the interventricular septum (IVS) and posterior wall (PW) in cases with pure mitral (MI) or aortic (AI) insufficiency. Subjects were classified into four groups; 15 cases with chorda rupture or floppy mitral valve (acute MI), four with AI of acute onset (acute AI), 17 with chronic MI including rheumatic MI, mitral valve prolapse syndrome, and 11 with chronic AI. There wee no differences of left ventricular dimension (LVDI), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac output (CI) between acute and chronic MI, and between acute and chronic AI, although LVDI and CI were increased in all groups. The ratio of the amplitude of IVS to PW excursion was significantly increased in cases with LV dilation due to acute MI or AI, compared with that in chronic MI or AI. This ratio had a linear relationship with LVDI in acute volume overload, but in chronic volume overload, it was constantly 1.0 or less. The mechanism of the increased septal motion in acute MI or AI is still unknown, but it appears to reflect the intact and contractile septum which adapts to volume overload more readily than the posterior wall. It is probably because the posterior wall is prevented from distension by the pericardium. On the other hand, in chronic MI or AI, vigorous septal motion would not be observed because of the occasional presence of relative tricuspid insufficiency, the effects of the long standing burden on the septal myocardium, and compensatory distension of the posterior wall and pericardium. PMID- 7264379 TI - [Electrocardiographic voltage change in pericardial effusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264378 TI - [Myocardial imaging with thallium -201 in the patients with coronary involvement after Kawasaki disease (author's transl)]. AB - Coronary cine-angiography (CAG) was performed in 290 cases with the history of Kawasaki disease, in whom 57 cases (19.6%) were found to have coronary involvements. In 42 out of these 57 cases, myocardial imaging with thallium-201 (201Tl) was performed, and abnormal findings were seen in 6 cases. Five of these 6 cases showed not only coronary aneurysms, but also coronary obstructive lesions on CAG, while the remaining case showed only coronary aneurysms. The decrease of the uptake of 201Tl by the myocardium appeared to be mainly due to the decrease of regional myocardial blood flow, especially in those cases with obstructive lesions. Myocardial imaging with 201Tl seems to be more sensitive than stress electrocardiography by treadmill to detect myocardial ischemia in the patients with coronary obstructive lesions, although it seems less sensitive than stress electrocardiography to detect coronary arterial stenosis. PMID- 7264381 TI - [Echocardiographic findings of pulsus paradoxus: cardiovascular changes due to respiration (author's transl)]. AB - Echocardiographic studies were performed in two cases with pulsus paradoxus (Case 1: a 13-year-old boy, acute viral pericarditis with massive pericardial effusion; Case 2: a 25-year-old woman, status asthmaticus) and in a normal subject when his intra-airway pressure rapidly fell on a deep negative level, e.g., during Mueller maneuver. During inspiration in both clinical cases, the anterior mitral leaflet showed a diminished diastolic excursion, and the right ventricular dimension increased accompanied by a reciprocal decrease in the left ventricular dimension. In Case 2, in addition, an abrupt downward motion of the ventricular septum was present in early diastole during inspiration. In experimental study of a normal subject, similar respiratory changes in mitral ans septal motions and the similar respiratory interaction between the right and left ventricles were also observed during Mueller maneuver. Our observations suggest left ventricular filling and left ventricular end-diastolic volume decrease during inspiration in the presence of pulsus paradoxus. These are compatible with the pulmonary pooling hypothesis, and also support the hypothesis that pulsus paradoxus may be caused by competition of the ventricles for filling within a relatively fixed pericardial space. The mechanism of the abrupt downward septal motion in early diastole was also discussed. PMID- 7264380 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic observation of ruptured chordae tendineae of the mitral valve: Its localization and uneven development of papillary muscles (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-three cases with ruptured chordae tendineae (RCT) of the mitral valve and 9 normal control cases were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography. Mitral valve replacement (MVR) was performed in 13 of the 23 cases. The preoperative diagnosis of RCT was proven accurately at operation in all except 2 cases with bacterial endocarditis. Whether RCT occurred in the antero-lateral or in the postero-medial commissural side could be determined perfectly. RCT was observed in the postero-medial side more often than in the anterolateral side, i.e., postero-medial side in 16 (9 operated) and antero-lateral side in 5 (2 operated). This tendency has also been noted in other Japanese reports regardless of the cause of RCT. In the short axis view at the level of the papillary muscles, the area of the posterior papillary muscles was smaller than the area of the anterior papillary muscles in the RCT cases. It is speculated that the smaller size of the posterior papillary muscles has a certain relation with the more frequent RCT in the postero-medial commissural side. PMID- 7264382 TI - [Phono-, mechano- and echocardiographic studies of patients with funnel chest, especially on the changes of the jugular phlebogram and interventricular septal motion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264384 TI - [Right ventricular volume estimation by two dimensional echocardiogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264383 TI - [Analysis of left to right ventricular stroke count ratio by gated radionuclide angiocardiography: detection and quantitation of valvular regurgitation and shunts (author's transl)]. AB - The stroke count ratio (SC ratio: SCL/SCR) for left to right ventricular enddiastolic-endsystolic count differences was obtained from LAO multi-gated cardiac blood pool scintigrams for quantitative assessment of valvular regurgitation and shunts. SC ratio, 1.48 +/- 0.24 (mean +/- S.D.) in 21 normal subjects, was decreased in 7 patients with atrial septal defects (ASD) and in one with isolated tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and increased in 15 patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) and in 6 with mitral regurgitation (MR). In post surgical reassessment of 3 patients, the ratio was restored in normal range. Comparison between SC ratio and angiographic estimates of regurgitation revealed good agreement. Regurgitant fraction (RF) in AR or MR and shunt ratio (SR) in ASD were calculated by the formula: RF = 1-1.48/SC ratio, and SR = 1-SC ratio/1.48, respectively. These were derived by assuming that an excess of stroke counts was due to regurgitant or shunt flow and that the coefficient in counting ventricular radioactivity was 1.48. Agreement was found between RF or SR measured by this formula and by the invasive method. This method permits noninvasive quantitation in patients with valvular regurgitation and shunts without complicated computer procedures. PMID- 7264385 TI - [The computerized display of epicardial mapping (author's transl)]. AB - The epicardial mapping is necessary for the surgical treatment of drug-resistant cardiac arrhythmia. The procedure for the epicardial mapping consists of three stages: 1) recording of heart potentials, 2) extraction of excitation transmission time, and 3) display of epicardial mapping. In this paper, our new microcomputer-based system was discussed. It was achieved by this system to simplify the method for the extraction and to make the colorgraphic display of epicardial mapping. Two methods for extraction were used in this study to compare with manual operation: 1) D method; extracting the time, when the differentiated wave takes maximal potential, and 2) Wi method; extracting the time of (Formula: see text). RESULTS: 1) similar epicardial excitation maps were obtained by these computerized methods, and 2) the most approximate values of the transmission time was obtained by Wi (i=2) method. PMID- 7264386 TI - [Tricuspid valve motion and tricuspid valve ring size in normals and patients with atrial septal defect (author's transl)]. AB - To investigate the normal configuration of the tricuspid valve and the normal size of the tricuspid valve ring, 17 normals, 20 patients with atrial septal defect, 4 patients with tricuspid valve prolapse, and 41 patients with various diseased conditions were studied by cross-sectional echocardiography. The tricuspid valve ring diameter in atrial septal defect was judged to be increased in comparison with that of normals. All the patients with tricuspid valve prolapse exhibited an excessive systolic ballooning of the leaflets toward the right atrium. However, a systolic ballooning of the leaflets alone was frequently observed in normals and many other conditions. Therefore, we conclude that cross sectional echocardiography has some clinical limitations in the differential diagnosis between tricuspid valve prolapse and normals. PMID- 7264388 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of aortic arch by suprasternal approach (author's transl)]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiographic studies of the aortic arch and proximal descending aorta were performed in 6 cases with coarctation of the aorta, 40 normal subjects and 9 cases of coarctectomy approached by the suprasternal notch. In cases with the normal aortic arch and proximal descending aorta, the ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta and right pulmonary artery were visualized clearly. The diameter of the aortic lumen is consistent throughout the plane of the scan. The origins of the left carotid artery and the left subclavian artery were seen clearly. In 3 of 7 normal newborns a localized area of a slightly aortic narrowing (diameter of aortic narrowing area / diameter of proximal descending aorta greater than 0.75) was visualized. In 5 of 6 cases with coarctation of the aorta a localized area of an aortic narrowing distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery is visualized which corresponded to the angiographic appearance of the coarctation. In 1 of 6 cases with coarctation of the aorta a more diffuse area of aortic obstruction beginning from distal portion of the left carotid artery to distal portion of the left subclavian artery was visualized. In this case, aortic valve stenosis, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall were associated. In 9 coarctectomy cases a localized area of an aortic narrowing distal to the origin of the subclavian artery was enlarged after operation. Two-dimensional echocardiogram approached by the suprasternal notch may offer a useful noninvasive method for direct visualization of the aortic arch and proximal descending aorta. PMID- 7264389 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic and RI angiographic features of aneurysm of the ascending aorta in patients with annuloaortic ectasia (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of two-dimensional echocardiography with that of other methods in the detection and localization of aneurysm involving the ascending aorta in patients with annuloaortic ectasia. Two dimensional echocardiography, RI angiography, CT scan and aortography were performed in 19 patients (12 patients with Marfan's syndrome, 4 with aortitis syndrome and 3 with postoperative perivalvular aneurysm). Eight of 12 patients with Marfan's syndrome had dissection in the ascending aorta which was confirmed at surgery or autopsy. The following observations were obtained. 1) Dissection of the ascending aorta was clearly demonstrated on the two-dimensional echocardiogram in 7 patients by recording the intimal tear and flap, and in these cases the short axis two-dimensional echocardiogram of the ascending aorta was more useful in identifying the site and extent of dissection. 2) In patients with postoperative perivalvular aneurysms, RI angiography proved to be a more useful and sensitive technique in differentiating a leakage into the aneurysm from clots in the aneurysm. 3) CT scanning proved to be an insensitive technique to detect dissection of the ascending aneurysm and to differentiate a leakage from clots in the perivalvular aneurysm. From these observations, we concluded that two dimensional echocardiography and RI angiography proved to be sensitive techniques in detecting dissection of the ascending aneurysm and evaluating a postoperative aneurysm in patients with annuloaortic ectasia. PMID- 7264387 TI - [Application of two dimensional echocardiography for the intracardiac manipulation: the evaluation of atrial septal movement before and after balloon atrial septostomy (author's transl)]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography was applied to intracardiac catheter manipulation (especially balloon atrial septostomy: BAS) in 6 babies with complete transposition of the great arteries and 2 with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Under the usual roentgenoscopic investigation, intracardiac catheter manipulation was observed by two-dimensional echocardiography directly representing the right atrium, left atrium, atrial septum, right ventricle, left ventricle and interventricular septum by the subcostal approach. Also, formation and movement of the atrial septum and intra-atrial shunt before and after BAS was evaluated by contrast echocardiography. 1. It was confirmed that the catheter tip was inserted into the left atrium from the right atrium. 2. It was clearly demonstrated that the balloon was expanding in the left atrium. 3. When the balloon was pulled out to the right atrium from the left atrium, the movement of the atrial septum and the balloon was observed. 4. The formation and movement of atrial septal defect by BAS was demonstrated and the shunt of this site was estimated by using contrast echocardiography. The relation between the catheter tip and the intracardiac structures can be judged more correctly by two dimensional echocardiography than roentgenoscopic investigation. Also the structural and hemodynamic changes by BAS can be clearly estimated by the observation of the atrial septum by two-dimensional echography. PMID- 7264390 TI - [Echocardiographic features of the eustachian valve and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. AB - The detailed informations and clinical significance of the Eustachian valve have not yet been elucidated. Real-time two-dimensional echocardiography has enabled one to investigate the Eustachian valve non-invasively. The valve was usually very small. The larger valve was a few cm in length and moved with heart beat. Its motion was analyzed with M-mode echocardiography. In the cases with sinus rhythm, the valve opened gradually in systole, and opened further in rapid filling phase,. followed by the rapid closing at the time of atrial contraction. In the cases of atrial fibrillation with severe tricuspid regurgitation, the valve remained at the semi-closed position throughout systole and opened in rapid filling phase. In one case of tricuspid regurgitation the valve was observed to flutter in systole. After the surgical repair of the tricuspid valve, systolic opening of the valve was noted, though atrial fibrillation persisted. PMID- 7264391 TI - [M-mode and real-time two-dimensional echocardiographic findings of the persistent sinus venous valve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264392 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings of a right ventricular diverticulum: a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A 11-month-old boy with a right ventricular diverticulum was reported. To our knowledge, this is the 18th case in the literature and the first case observed by two-dimensional echocardiography. Using our systematic two-dimensional echocardiographic approach, the three dimensional structure of this anomaly was reconstructed correctly. On the short-axis view of the ventricle, an abnormal septal echo was revealed in the right anterior region of the interventricular septum, forming an another cavity from the right ventricle, and was observed to have proper own motion by real-time two-dimensional echocardiography. From apical four chamber view, the abnormal cavity was detected on the right side of the small right ventricle. By contrast echocardiography, a contrast echo appears in the right ventricle and then in the abnormal cavity. The diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization, angiography and operation. PMID- 7264394 TI - [Evaluation of left atrial thrombi with computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - Left atrial thrombi were evaluated by computed tomography in 42 patients with valvular diseases. In eight of them, left atrial thrombi were delineated by computed tomography. Five of these eight had history of systemic thrombosis, and in four left atrial thrombi were confirmed by cardiac surgery or autopsy and the location and size of thrombi were well compatible with those detected by computed tomography. Thrombi were not detected angiographically in two and echocardiographically in three. The minimum size of thrombus detected by computed tomography was 3.5 g and the largest was 40 g in weight. Computed tomography is essentially non-invasive and appears to be one of the best methods to detect left atrial thrombi. PMID- 7264393 TI - [Studies of interventricular septal motion after heart valve replacement by two dimensional echocardiography and thallium 201 scintigraphy (author's transl)]. AB - Etiology of abnormal interventricular septal motion detected by M-mode echocardiography after heart valve replacement was studied by two-dimensional echocardiography and thallium 201 scintigraphy in three patients with valvular heart disease (two with mitral regurgitation, and one with aortic regurgitation). M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms were recorded before and after heart valve replacement, using Aloka SSD-800. After intravenous injection of 2.0 mCi of ionic thallium 201, myocardial images were recorded with a scintillation camera (Searle PHO Gamma V) with converging collimator. Abnormal interventricular septal motion (systolic anterior motion) was observed echocardiographically in all of three patients after mitral or aortic valve replacement. Two-dimensional echocardiogram showed systolic anterior motion of the whole heart towards the anterior chest wall, though the left ventricle itself contracted normally. Thallium 201 scintigram showed no significant perfusion defects of the left ventricular wall including ventricular septum. No findings showing conduction disturbance, right ventricular volume overload or pericardial effusion were observed after heart valve replacement. PMID- 7264395 TI - [The diagnosis of left atrial thrombi by selective coronary arteriogram and two dimensional echocardiogram (author's transl)]. AB - In 14 patients with left atrial thrombi, coronary arteriography and real time, two-dimensional echocardiography were performed and compared with the surgical findings. Age of the patients with left atrial thrombi was relatively high, and their hemodynamic findings were severe. By the combined use of coronary arteriography and real time two-dimensional echocardiography, the prediction of left atrial thrombi was possible in 93%. Coronary arteriography provided a useful information as to the location of thrombi, especially in the left atrial appendage, while the size and shape of thrombi were not predictable by this method. On the contrary, two-dimensional echocardiography was useful to determine the size and shape of the thrombi. PMID- 7264396 TI - [Cross-sectional and M-mode echocardiographic diagnosis of vegetative endocarditis in the right-sided heart (author's transl)]. AB - M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiograms of 3 cases with vegetative endocarditis in the right-sided heart were reported. The location of vegetative lesions was the tricuspid valve in one, the parietal band of the right ventricle and chordae tendinae in one, and the pulmonary artery wall in the remaining patient. Ruptured chordae tendinae were observed in the patient with tricuspid valve vegetation. M-mode echocardiography detected vegetative lesions in all patients. However, the precise size and location of these lesions, and a complication of the destructive process were not evaluated by M-mode echocardiography. On the other hand, cross-sectional echocardiography not only documented the presence but also assessed the morphologic characteristics of the lesions, since this technique provides spatial orientation concerning moving structures. Furthermore, ruptured chordae tendineae in the patient with tricuspid valve vegetation was correctly estimated. However, the lesions should be differentiated from other conditions including a localized calcified lesion, abscess and thrombus. In conclusion, cross-sectional echocardiography in combination with M-mode echocardiography is recommended in diagnosing vegetative lesions in the right-sided heart. PMID- 7264397 TI - [Exercise echocardiography: interventricular septal thickness and motion in patients with effort angina during ergometer exercise (author's transl)]. AB - To detect abnormal interventricular septal (IVS) motion during exercise-induced ischemia, ergometer exercise echocardiography was performed using a specially devised transducer in 12 patients (pts) with effort angina (left anterior descending artery disease) and 10 normal subjects (N) at rest, and during exercise and recovery. During exercise, percent systolic IVS thickening (% delta T) and IVS excursion (Ex) increased from 52 +/- 13% at rest to 73 +/- 19% and from 7.0 /- 1.3 mm at rest to 10.6 +/- 1.9 mm, respectively, in N, and also from 52 +/- 23% to 67 +/- 36% and from 7.3 +/- 1.9 mm to 9.7 +/- 2.1 mm in all of 3 pts with distal left anterior descending artery disease. On the other hand, in 9 pts with proximal left anterior descending artery disease, % delta T and Ex during exercise decreased from 41 +/- 17+ at rest to 26 +/- 25% and from 7.7 +/- 1.2 mm to 5.1 +/- 4.6 mm. The late systolic wall thickening of IVS was observed during peak exercise in 2 of the 9 pts, one of whom exhibited systolic IVS thinning and a decrease in diastolic thickness (from 6 mm to 4.5 mm). In 5 pts with IVS asynergy during exercise diastolic IVS thickness increased maximally from 10.2 +/- 3.3 mm at rest to 11.4 +/- 3.5 mm during recovery (reactive hyperemia). Exercise echocardiography is useful to predict the location of left anterior descending artery disease and to evaluate IVS performance during exercise-induced ischemia. PMID- 7264398 TI - [Exercise echocardiography: II. Interventricular septal wall dynamics in patients with left anterior descending coronary disease during recovery (author's transl)]. AB - Supine ergometer exercise test was performed in 10 healthy subjects and 9 patients who had severe stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery [5 patients with stenosis proximal to the septal perforator (proximal LAD disease) and 4 patients with stenosis distal to the septal perforator (distal LAD disease)]. In healthy subjects and patients with distal LAD disease, the increment of septal excursion (IVS Ex) and percent systolic thickening of the septum (% delta Th) during exercise returned to the pre-exercise level with a few minutes after exercise. In patients with proximal LAD disease, IVS Ex decreased to 1.4 +/- 1.2 mm during exercise form the pre-exercise level (7.4 +/- 0.7 mm) and % delta Th decreased to 6.4 +/- 5.1% during exercise from the pre-exercise level (37.2 +/- 8.4%). After exercise, IVS Ex and % delta Th increased to 8.6 +/- 0.9 mm at 2 min and 38.0 +/- 9.8% at 3 min respectively and then returned to the pre-exercise level. End-diastolic wall thickness (WTh) did not change during and after exercise in healthy subjects and patients with distal LAD disease, while in patients with proximal LAD disease, WTh increased for a few minutes after exercise and returned to the pre-exercise level. The change of electrocardiogram and symptom of angina pectoris lasted longer than the abnormal wall motion. PMID- 7264400 TI - Continue unmatched record. PMID- 7264399 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiography of coronary artery in Kawasaki disease (MCLS): detection, changes in acute phase, and follow-up observation of the aneurysm (author's transl)]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) was performed before coronary angiography in 213 patients (pts), 4 months to 12 years old, with a history of Kawasaki disease (MCLS). In 10 pts, 2-D echo was performed almost everyday during acute phase. In 23 pts, coronary artery aneurysms were followed up for more than 6 months by 2-D echo. In 32 of 213 pts, the presence of coronary artery aneurysms (9 pts with left, 4 pts with right and 19 pts with both coronary arteries) were proved by coronary angiography. The correct diagnosis was achieved prospectively by 2-D echo in 26 of 32 pts with coronary artery aneurysm (in 24 of 28 pts with left and 15 of 23 pts with right coronary artery aneurysm). In all 10 pts with acute phase of MCLS, an increased echocardiographic density around the coronary artery and of the coronary artery itself continued from the 4th or 6th day to the 10th day or near the second month of the illness. The findings were considered due to acute perivasculitis and vasculitis in the coronary artery. In 5 of 10 pts, the dilatation of coronary artery was demonstrated on about 6th day of the illness and in 3 pts was transient, but in other 2 pts the dilated coronary arteries grew up aneurysms on the 9th and 13th day of the illness. In 23 pts with coronary artery aneurysm followed up by 2-D echo for more than 6 months, 18 pts were started to observe within 6 months and 5 pts beyond 1 year after the onset of illness. In the former, the size of aneurysm was markedly reduced in 7, slightly reduced in 6, and did not change in 5 pts. On the other hand, it did not change in all the 5 pts of the latter. This study suggests that 2-D echo is very useful to diagnose noninvasively coronary artery aneurysm in pts with the history of MCLS and to detect and follow-up it in acute phase. PMID- 7264401 TI - Pulmonary paragonimiasis: a case report. PMID- 7264402 TI - Lyme arthritis in the Midwest: a diagnostic challenge. PMID- 7264403 TI - Arthroscopic meniscectomy. PMID- 7264405 TI - Recognizing and managing the psychosomatic patient. PMID- 7264404 TI - Treatment of atypical pneumonia. PMID- 7264406 TI - Legionnaires' disease among pneumonias in Iowa (FY 1972-1978). PMID- 7264407 TI - Adverse reactions to cardiovascular drugs (Part II--Antiarrhythmic agents). PMID- 7264408 TI - [Fatty acid beta-oxidation by peroxisomes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264409 TI - [The electrophoretic separation of very high molecular proteins by agarose acrylamide gel (author's transl) ]. PMID- 7264410 TI - [Herpes zoster infection and radiation therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264411 TI - [Combined therapy for advanced carcinoma of the upper and lower gum--with particular reference to radical local cleaning operation--(author's transl)]. PMID- 7264412 TI - [Studies of cellular proliferation in infantile leukemia by impulse cytophotometer (I.C.P.) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264413 TI - [Ten years experience with mass screening for breast cancer in Tokushima prefecture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264414 TI - [Pulmonary circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264415 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of left ventricular end-systolic pressure dimension relations under pressure interventions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264416 TI - [Changing pattern of clinical features and prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264417 TI - [A fundamental study for the clinical application of expiratory hydrogen test (EHT) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264419 TI - [A case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum associated with familial hypercholesterolemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264418 TI - [A case of epipharyngeal sarcoma associated with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264420 TI - [A case of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264421 TI - [A case of acute renal failure due to 10 km marathon running in a young man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264422 TI - [Lung cancer associated with IgA deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264424 TI - Functional assessment of the cardiac patient. PMID- 7264423 TI - Introduction to the symposium: rehabilitation of the coronary patient. PMID- 7264425 TI - Exercise as therapy in cardiac rehabilitation. PMID- 7264426 TI - Education and cardiac rehabilitation. PMID- 7264427 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month: bulging at the seams. PMID- 7264428 TI - The Charity Hospital System of Louisiana. PMID- 7264429 TI - Foreign body aspiration in children. PMID- 7264430 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy as an aid in the management of obstructing calculi in the severely ill patient. PMID- 7264431 TI - Upper extremity vascular reconstruction: alternative in management. PMID- 7264432 TI - The emerging role of the microcirculation in clinical medicine. AB - Although research on microcirculation has expanded rapidly in the last 20 years, clinical evaluation of microcirculation, as an entity, has not achieved any status in the United States. Three aspects of microcirculation are presented, wherein clinical applications exist or on the verge of existing. Biomicroscopy is the direct observation of, and measurements within, the microcirculation is superficial areas of the body. Not only can the pattern of the microcirculation be examined and related to microcirculatory function but also the intravascular relationships among red cells, leukocytes, and platelets can be studied. Rheology includes measurement of the interactions among plasma and cellular elements during flow within the microcirculation. Unfortunately, rheologic factors are generally ignored in thinking about hemodynamics. The concept of the optimal hematocrit has great clinical relevance in both acute and chronic disease. Transvascular fluid and solute exchange can be evaluated in the body as a whole and in individual organs by relatively noninvasive techniques. Such evaluations provide useful information about the natural progress and the effect of treatment of a variety of serious diseases. Microcirculation, as an entity, is a quantitative science in its own right and ought to be actively applied in clinical medicine. PMID- 7264433 TI - Primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever: Quo vadis? PMID- 7264434 TI - Effect of blood transfusion on in vivo levels of plasma fibronectin. AB - Fibronectin, an opsonic glycoprotein, is known to bind fibrinogen and fibrin. Microaggregate debris contained in stored bank blood is composed of degenerating platelets, leukocytes, and fibrin strands. The debris ranges in size from 10 to 160 micrometers. This study examined the effect of transfusion of 2 units of stored red blood cells, containing varying amounts of macroaggregate debris, on in vivo levels of fibronectin. Anemic outpatients were selected at random to receive blood transfusion through either a 170 micrometer standard blood filter or one of four microaggregate filters. A sixth group received saline-washed red blood cells. Results showed that the greatest drop in posttransfusion levels of fibronectin (39 microgram/ml) were found in the group that received blood through a 170 micrometer standard filter and thus received the greatest amount of microaggregate debris (p less than 0.05; N = 50). The patients who received the least microaggregate debris, those receiving washed red cells, showed the smallest decrease in posttransfusion levels of fibronectin (9 microgram/ml); this decrease was not significant (p greater than 0.05; N = 50). Patients receiving blood through 20 to 25 micrometer microaggregate blood filters showed a fall in posttransfusion levels of fibronectin (10 to 15 microgram/ml) intermediate between that found for the two groups described above; this decrease was not significant (p greater than 0.05; N = 35). The decrease in posttransfusion levels of fibronectin found after administration of blood through a 40 micrometer microaggregate screen filter (31 microgram/ml) was significantly different from pretransfusion levels (p less than 0.05; N = 20). Data obtained from this study suggest that transfusion of the microaggregate debris contained in 2 units of stored bank blood can lower in vivo levels of fibronectin. We conclude that if maintaining high levels of fibronectin is shown to be of value in the treatment of critically ill patients, removal of microaggregate debris from any blood transfusions required by these patients would be warranted. PMID- 7264435 TI - Buoyant density of platelets stored at room temperature as platelet concentrates. AB - Separation of platelets by buoyant density centrifugation was periodically performed on platelet concentrates stored up to 96 hr at room temperature. By 72 hr, platelets were much lighter, depending on pH, platelet concentration, and volume of the bag. The mean proportion of platelets in the light fraction (fraction 1) shifted from 4.3% when the concentrate was fresh to 52.2% at 72 hr and 53.6% at 96 hr. The majority of platelets had densities that ranged from 1.034 to 1.088 gm/ml after storage, whereas densities ranged from 1.054 to 1.088 gm/ml in fresh cells. With storage, the light cells became larger than when they were fresh and were mostly balloon-shaped; the heavy cells became smaller but retained their normal shape. Regression analysis showed that density distribution was highly correlated to pH. Most of the changes occurred after 12 hr; those changes that occurred during the initial 12 hr were not related to pH of the platelet concentrate. The changes were related to storage conditions and may reflect injury to the cells. The use of buoyant density separation may be a useful tool to study storage mechanisms and provide a means of separating cells modified by storage stress. PMID- 7264436 TI - The cellular uptake and covalent binding of nitroso-chloramphenicol. AB - A comparative study of the cellular transport of CAP and its nitroso derivative (NO-CAP) was carried out in Raji cells, a transformed human lymphoblastoid cell line. Both agents were concentrated by the cells by a factor of 3 (cellular/extracellular concentration ratio). The cellular uptake of NO-CAP, like that of CAP, was found to be rapid and temperature-independent. Thus the greater cytotoxicity of NO-CAP is apparently not due to an enhanced uptake of the nitroso derivative relative to CAP. In contrast to the similarity of uptake, NO-CAP becomes covalently bound to both Raji cells and freshly isolated human bone marrow cells to a much higher extent (15-fold). Also, cells previously loaded with CAP or NO-CAP retain three times as much of the nitroso compound during a 24 hr dialysis against a drug-free isotonic solution. The increased binding of NO CAP to human hematopoietic cells attests to the greater reactivity of the p substituted aromatic nitroso group and is consistent with the postulate that reduction products of the nitro group of CAP may be responsible for CAP-induced aplastic anemia. PMID- 7264437 TI - Ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation: potentiation by long-term alcohol feeding and attenuation by methionine. AB - Lipid peroxidation has been incriminated in some types of drug-induced liver injury, but it is unclear whether it contributes to or is present in alcoholic liver injury. In order to study this question, hepatic lipid peroxidation (measured as formation of diene conjugates) and hepatic GSH were assessed in baboons and rats after short- and long-term ethanol administration. Compared to controls, baboons fed alcohol for 1 to 4 years (chronic administration) had increased hepatic diene conjugates (16.9 +/- 4.8 OD/gm of liver) and depressed GSH (3.8 +/- 0.6 VS. 6.3 +/- 0.8 mumol/gm of liver; p less than 0.01) after an overnight withdrawal from ethanol. Administration of 1.6 gm/kg ethanol over 6 hr (acute administration) increased diene conjugates (17.6 +/- 4.3) and decreased GSH (3.2 +/- 0.5; p less than 0.01) in control animals and had an even greater effect in animals chronically fed alcohol (diene conjugates 48.5 +/- 9.2; GSH 1.8 +/- 0.3; p less than 0.001). In six rats fed alcohol for 5 to 6 weeks (chronic administration), an increase in diene conjugates was detected in microsomes (0.343 +/- 0.210 OD/mg of lipid) and mitochondria (0.143 +/- 0.061), accompanied by decrease in arachidonic acid and C22 polyenes, after acute ethanol administration (3 gm/kg p.o.) but no significant change in GSH. Simultaneous administration of methionine attenuated diene conjugate formation (0.107 +/- 0.058 and 0.035 +/- 0.020 OD/mg of lipid, respectively) and fatty acid changes. Thus chronic alcohol feeding potentiates lipid peroxidation produced by an acute dose of ethanol; these changes are not dependent on GSH depression but may be potentiated by it. PMID- 7264439 TI - Effect of gentamicin on glomerular ultrastructure. AB - Previous micropuncture experiments have shown that gentamicin reduces the glomerular Kf even at low doses. Light and transmission electron microscopy have failed to provide evidence of structural alterations to explain the observed decreases in Kf. To elucidate and effects of gentamicin on glomerular ultrastructure, we used both scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the glomeruli of rats given gentamicin at 4 and 40 mg/kg/day for 10 days, as well as 20 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Observations were also made during recovery from gentamicin-induced renal injury. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that gentamicin induced striking reductions in endothelial fenestral diameter, density, and area. These changes were not appreciated by light microscopy. By quantitative measurements, the reductions in endothelial fenestral area were found to be parallel to the previously observed reduction in Kf. During recovery, the morphological alterations improved pari passu with functional recovery. Contrary to observations in other models of acute renal failure, gentamicin-induced glomerular injury was unique in that the visceral epithelial surface was not affected. The mechanisms by which gentamicin induces alterations in glomerular ultrastructure remain to be defined. PMID- 7264438 TI - A quantitative radioimmunoassay for DNA-binding antibodies. AB - An RIA is described for the measurement of serum immunoglobulins capable of binding to double-stranded or single-stranded DNA. DNA attached to Sephadex G-50 by UV irradiation was used as a solid-phase immunoabsorbent for DNA-binding proteins from serum. GAH IgG (125l-labeled) and GAH IgM (131l-labeled) were used to detect the human immunoglobulins bound onto the washed DNA-Sephadex. The quantities of immunoglobulins bound were determined by comparison with a standard curve constructed by dilution of a plasma from a SLE patient containing known amount of bound, DNA-specific IgM and IgG. Another RIA was employed for measuring levels of IgG and IgM. In combination with measurements of the total serum IgM and IgG, the RIA allowed for the determination of the fraction of the total serum IgM or IgG that was specific for double- or single-stranded DNA. For pool of normal human sera the quantities were as follows: 0.04% of the total IgM and 0.001% of the total IgG bound double-stranded DNA; 0.22% of the total IgM and 0.05% of the total IgG bound single-stranded DNA. This capability is important because information regarding the quantitative measurement of antibodies to DNA and their class determination may be of significance in monitoring the status of subjects with SLE. PMID- 7264440 TI - The condition of "nerves". PMID- 7264442 TI - Clinical theophylline pharmacokinetic assessment: a valuable tool. PMID- 7264441 TI - Open heart surgery in patients over 70 years of age: mortality and morbidity. PMID- 7264443 TI - Pharmacologic and surgical therapy for spasticity. PMID- 7264444 TI - Basic principles of geriatric psychopharmacology. PMID- 7264445 TI - Giant bullous emphysema: a surgical disease. PMID- 7264446 TI - Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: a case without tissue confirmation. PMID- 7264448 TI - Constrictive pericarditis following heart surgery. PMID- 7264449 TI - Medical school selection: A new process for an old problem. PMID- 7264447 TI - Idiopathic hemochromatosis. PMID- 7264450 TI - Tracheoesophageal fistula and atresia: an index case for newborn surgical care. PMID- 7264452 TI - The English Rule: a new solution to the malpractice crisis. PMID- 7264451 TI - Current diagnosis and management of blunt thoracic aortic trauma. PMID- 7264453 TI - The evolution of policies in the surgical treatment of acquired cholesteatoma of the tubotympanic cleft. PMID- 7264454 TI - Computerized tomography of the Caldwell-Luc cavity. PMID- 7264455 TI - The diagnosis and surgical management of olfactory neuroblastoma: the role of craniofacial resection. AB - The diagnosis and clinical management of olfactory neuroblastoma are discussed. Computerized tomography is a valuable means of assessing the pre-operative extent of disease and the efficacy of subsequent major surgery. The tissue diagnosis is facilitated by electron microscopy, demonstrating the presence of dense core vesicles and cytoplasmic filaments. Radiotherapy followed by craniofacial resection is the treatment of choice for olfactory neuroblastomas that are locally extensive at presentation. PMID- 7264456 TI - The use of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for one-stage reconstruction of the base of the tongue. PMID- 7264457 TI - A ten year survey of laryngeal cancer in a regional hospital. PMID- 7264459 TI - Solitary trichoepithelioma and epithelioma adenoides cysticum of Brooke involving the external auditory meatus. PMID- 7264458 TI - Surgical management of cicatricial post-scleromatous sub-glottic stenosis. AB - In Egypt, sub-glottic stenosis is commonly caused by scleromatous affection. The countries in which scleroma is endemic have been reviewed. The incidence of scleroma, laryngeal scleroma, and sub-glottic affection, and their sex ratios have been discussed. Radiological study of the sub-glottic extension has been done. The operative procedures are detailed and the results are presented. The use of the Montgomery T-tube is an essential part of all these operations. The excision of scar tissue from the sub-glottic region was done in children, and this accords with recent trends. Twenty cases have been operated upon, with airway improvement in all of them. PMID- 7264460 TI - Primary intra-tympanic meningioma. PMID- 7264461 TI - True giant-cell tumour of the mastoid. A case report. AB - The authors describe a case of a very extensive giant-cell tumour of the mastoid in a 5 1/2-year-old girl. This is very rare, and it is only the fourth one documented in the English literature. The age of the patient is of great importance, as well as the fact that the middle and the inner ear were not involved, although the tumour was very extensive. Radical surgical removal of the tumour was performed, as the treatment of choice, without any signs of recurrence one year post-operatively. The diagnostic problems of giant-cell lesions of bones are briefly discussed. PMID- 7264462 TI - Gustatory otorrhoea due to misdirection of regenerated nerve fibres. PMID- 7264463 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the maxillary antrum in an adult. A case report with ultrastructural observations. PMID- 7264464 TI - The epidemiology of hypertension in Georgia. PMID- 7264466 TI - Current perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of mild hypertension. PMID- 7264465 TI - Risk factors and hypertension. PMID- 7264467 TI - Chemotherapy for hypertension. PMID- 7264468 TI - Blood pressure in school-aged children in Georgia. PMID- 7264469 TI - Practical steps towards improving patient compliance with anti-hypertensive therapy. PMID- 7264470 TI - Regional and local high blood pressure control programs. PMID- 7264471 TI - Statewide community high blood pressure control programs. PMID- 7264472 TI - The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. PMID- 7264473 TI - Reduction and genetics. AB - Examples of reduction outside of physics typically concern in principle possibilities; e.g., if we had a decent psychological theory of human behavior, we could reduce it to neurophysiology once we know more. However, in one instance, a reduction is actually well underway - the reduction of Mendelian genetics to molecular biology. Empirical and conceptual difficulties in setting out this reduction have led certain philosophers to modify the traditional logical empiricist analysis of theory reduction, first, to allow for necessary corrections and, second, to introduce a temporal dimension [reduction, genetics, theory, logical empiricism]. PMID- 7264474 TI - Holism and reductionism: a view from genetics. AB - The terms "holism" and "reductionism" are often used loosely - especially in medical contexts. In an attempt to remedy this, these terms are explored from the standpoints of: philosophy of science, medicine, genetics, history of genetics and clinical genetics. A sense for "reductionism" is developed in part by focusing on the related histories of classical genetics and clinical genetics. This done, the dichotomy between holism and reductionism, whether in basic genetics or the genetic counseling situation, loses much of its force. PMID- 7264475 TI - The practical science of medicine. AB - Contemporary medicine, it is argued here, employs reductive explanations, but at the same time resists wholesale reduction to "deeper" biochemical and physical fields or theories. In its own reductive explanations, to be sure, medicine borrows causal concepts from other fields and so necessarily shares certain explanatory goals with those deeper fields. However, because medicine has additional, distinctive goals as well as a special subject matter and problems (it is a practical science), the field of medicine is ultimately irreducible. PMID- 7264476 TI - Why medicine cannot be a science. AB - My thesis is that, although medicine is scientific, it is not and can not become a science. After rejecting as flawed an argument attempting to show that medicine is already is science. I argue that a comparison of such basic, defining features as internal aims, criteria of success, and principles regulating the enterprises demonstrate that medicine and science are inherently different. I then argue that while it may be possible to reduce the cognitive content of medicine to biology, medicine itself cannot be reduced, for as an enterprise it possesses features that make it an inappropriate subject of reduction. I conclude by indicating four results that emerge from recognizing that medicine and science are basically distinct. PMID- 7264477 TI - The holistic health movement: a survey and critique. AB - This article discusses the nature and significance of the holistic health movement in four ways. First, a general characterization of the movement is proposed, based on shared commitment to five assumptions: (1) a positive view of health as well-being, (2) individual responsibility for health, (3) the importance of health education, (4) control of social and environmental determinants of health, and (5) low technology of "natural" therapeutic techniques. Second, a basic difference among advocates of holistic health/medicine is proposed in terms of the presence or absence of commitment to scientific method. Third, holistic health/medicine is briefly compared with concepts of holism in biology and in the social sciences. Finally, criticisms of each of the basic tenets of the holistic health movement are offered. PMID- 7264478 TI - Reductionism and holism in medicine. Introduction. PMID- 7264479 TI - Reductionism and holism in medicine. PMID- 7264480 TI - Planning and decision making for ambulatory surgery. AB - There has been rapid growth in the number of ambulatory surgical centers in the United States over the past few years. Yet little research has been done to assist community health planners and surgeons in decision making and planning for ambulatory surgery. In this paper, an analytical framework is developed to assist surgeons in deciding whether to perform a procedure on a ambulatory or an inpatient basis. The Hospital Discharge Survey data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics are also analyzed to investigate their applicability in this analytical framework as well as to aid planners in developing community wide ambulatory surgery projections. In spite of the limitations on the available data, the models developed here suggest possible future avenues for planning ambulatory surgeries. PMID- 7264481 TI - The POSCH Information Management System: experience with alternative approaches. AB - An unconventional approach to the information management system for a clinical trial is presented in this paper: employment of a large shared computer utility, use of existing packaged software, and use of a generalized data base management system. An easily maintained system was developed at a very economical cost. The paper is designed to present our experiences and include descriptions of a series of problems that were faced and solved: design problems, problems with error corrections, and problems unique to our operational procedures. The good results are due as much to careful management as to the initial decision to use the unconventional approach. Special attention has been paid to cost controls, patient safety, and data security. The approach has been successful, and others are encouraged to consider a similar approach. PMID- 7264482 TI - Computer-generated management tools for the clinical pathology laboratory: I. Throughput Report. AB - The Throughput Report is a computer program used to objectively measure and monitor the turnaround time of stat laboratory tests. It allows the clinical pathologist to recognize laboratory turnaround time problems prospectively. The main features are (1) a summary of the number of specimens received, accessioned, and performed per hour; (2) a histogram of the mean turnaround time per hour; (3) an overdue list of all tests taking longer than expected. Utilization of this report has decreased the percent of stat biochemical analyses taking 60 minutes or more by nearly one-half. The usefulness of the many graphic displays of work flow through the laboratory for monitoring turnaround time is discussed in detail. PMID- 7264483 TI - Economic incentives and control: some issues for research in the VA hospital system. AB - Within the field of economic research on hospital performance there are four major areas of need. These include the estimation of hospital cost functions, the development of new models of the nonprofit hospital, the development of better measures of hospital output, and an analysis of the determinants of hospital use. Within the Veterans Administration there exist a limited number of policy options to study or aim for in further research, but comparison between the system and other systems is possible and the prospective budgeting process in the VA should also be examined. Specific research can be directed at the case mix and the case specific patterns of use in the VA system. The effects of the teaching requirements of the Va hospitals also can be more closely studied and the effects of physician and hospital characteristics on the length of stay of inpatients is an important question and may have implications for research outside the system. The potential data wealth of the VA Patient Treatment File and its centralized budgeting system can produce much useful research. PMID- 7264484 TI - Administrative behavior of medical doctors in the rural areas toward health administrators. PMID- 7264485 TI - Causative factors of administrative behavior of medical doctors in the Bangkok Metropolis. PMID- 7264486 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism in the Thai neonates. PMID- 7264487 TI - Serial bilirubin concentration in Thai low birth weight infants. PMID- 7264488 TI - Iron status of Thai population in Bangkok and of villagers in northeastern Thailand. PMID- 7264489 TI - How to select appropriate corticosteroids. PMID- 7264490 TI - Hypocalcemia. PMID- 7264491 TI - Bilateral multiple luteinized follicular cysts associated with normal pregnancy : a case report. PMID- 7264492 TI - Cholinesterase activity in human blood. PMID- 7264493 TI - Cytologic diagnosis of imprinted smear from mass of the breast. PMID- 7264494 TI - Skin sensitivity to mosquito antigen. PMID- 7264495 TI - Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections-the first demonstration of an outbreak at a Kampuchean Holding Center in Thailand. PMID- 7264497 TI - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. PMID- 7264496 TI - Oral electrolyte therapy for acute diarrhea in infants. PMID- 7264498 TI - Change of red cell B antigen in a leukemic patient. PMID- 7264499 TI - The influence of ectopic beats and tachyarrhythmias on stroke volume and cardiac output. AB - The potentially adverse influence of premature ectopic beats or tachyarrhythmias on cardiac performance was studied by assessing the echocardiographic left ventricular stroke volume in 21 patients with cardiac rhythm disturbances. The beat to beat stroke volume correlated closely with end-diastolic volume in each patient (average R = .9). Premature ventricular contractions decreased stroke volume by an average of 48 +/- 8 ml (-71%) compared with sinus beats; whereas the postextrasystolic beats, although preceded by a pause and higher end-diastolic volume, increased stroke volume by only 16 +/- 7 ml (18%) over the sinus beats. Those postextrasystolic beats with equivalent timing and end-diastolic volume to the sinus beats had a mean stroke volume only 8 ml higher, suggesting that postextrasystolic potentiation plays only a minor role in augmenting stroke volume. Transient aberrant ventricular conduction of intermittent left bundle branch block, ectopic beats or atrial fibrillation failed to alter stroke volume. Ventricular bigeminy, trigeminy and quadrigeminy lowered cardiac output by 1.3, .9 and .7 l/min. The onset of tachyarrhythmias was oftentimes associated with a continuously changing end-diastolic volume and stroke volume, with either alternation or progressive increment of these variables. It is apparent that premature contractions decrease stroke volume by virtue of their infringement on diastolic filing, the principle beat to be determinant of stroke volume in arrhythmias being left ventricular end-diastolic volume. Since premature beats decrease stroke volume to an extent greater than postextrasystolic beats increase it, they may reduce cardiac output by a substantial degree, depending on their frequency of occurrence and degree of prematurity. PMID- 7264501 TI - Selection of optimal features for classification of electrocardiograms. AB - The forward sequential selection and backward sequential rejection algorithms and the optimal branch and bound algorithm were evaluated in selection of features for classification of electrocardiograms of 237 patients with old myocardial infarction and 299 subjects without infarction. The branch and bound algorithm proved suitable for small sets of ECG features. However, the computational effort required was orders of magnitude greater than that for the other two methods and became prohibitive with large features sets. A satisfactory and consistent overall classification accuracy was achieved by using the sequential selection algorithms for selecting continuous features by maximizing the Mahalanobis distance at each step of the feature selection process. Maximization of the association index can produce better results but requires more computing effort. Feature selection based on maximizing sensitivity at each step for a fixed level of specificity is less satisfactory when a high level of specificity is required. PMID- 7264500 TI - Extra AV nodal Wenckebach periodicity. AB - Extra AV nodal Wenckebach periodicity was diagnosed in seven patients. The most frequent form of this conduction abnormality was an exit block. The underlying block was localized in the sinoatrial junction and in the atria in two patients; the AV junction and the ventricle were the site of the Wenckebach periodicity in one case each. In extra AV nodal exit block, the actual conduction delay is not seen on the ECG and the diagnosis is based on the progressive shortening of the P P or R-R intervals followed by a pause which is less than twice the shortest P-P (R-R) interval depending on the level of the block. A Wenckebach periodicity in the bundle branches or within the reentry pathway each occurred in one patient. In these forms of Wenckebach periodicity, the diagnosis is established more readily because the conduction delay can be demonstrated on the surface ECG. The clinical significance of extra AV nodal Wenckebach periodicity is discussed. PMID- 7264502 TI - Electrocardiographic body surface potential maps of the QRS of normal children. AB - Electrocardiographic body surface potential maps (BSPM), utilizing 180 active dry electrodes imbedded in an inflatable vest, were obtained in 40 normal children, ages 8 to 18. The potential levels of the maps are displayed as different colors. A qualitative analysis indicated that the onset of right ventricular breakthrough could always be recognized in the upstroke of the QRS by a pseudopod from a right shoulder minimum extending into an anterior maximum, at an average of 24.4 +/- 4.2 msec., for an average QRS duration of 75.0 +/- 7.1 msec. However there was considerable normal variation, particularly in the mid and late QRS. At the time of depolarization of the free walls of the ventricles, the maximum often remained anterior, with an extension posterior, even through the Frank system vectorcardiogram invariably was posterior. Most remarkable was the terminal QRS of the BSPM, where the terminal maximum may be right superior anterior, anterior superior, or right posterior, presumably reflecting the right ventricular outflow tract, the superior septum, or the posterior basal left ventricle. PMID- 7264503 TI - Myocardial conduction time and antiarrhythmic drugs. AB - Complete a-v block was induced in anesthetized mongrel dogs by direct electrocoagulation of the a-v node. The ventricles were paced by steady stimulation (S1) at a rate of 100/min. and by test stimuli (S2) with varying post S1 delay. Right ventricular myocardial tension was measured from the S2 stimulation site of a specially designed miniature strain gage and from a different site by a Walton-Brodie strain gage. A reproducible time lag between the two sites could be measured by comparing the differences in mechanical response to S2 stimuli. This time difference was called delta IT. delta IT varied markedly (from 10-60 msec) when measured at different sites but no linear relationship between delta IT and the inter-gage distance could be observed. Increasing the S2 current intensity induced shortening of delta IT from 37 +/- 13 msec (mean +/- S.D.) at the threshold current to 16 +/- 10 msec (mean +/- S.D.) with 10 mA. A strength-delta IT curve could be constructed and was found to be remarkably reproducible during the experiment. Quinidine and disopyramide induced upward displacement of the curve, lidocaine did not change it while verapamil lowered the delta IT values. We suggest that delta IT can be used as a reliable indicator of myocardial conduction rate. The possible reasoning for this suggestion has been discussed. PMID- 7264504 TI - Evolution of the electrocardiogram in young dogs during the first 12 weeks of life. AB - In 36 normal pups the evolution of the ECG during the first 12 weeks was studied. Sixteen pups were randomly selected, healthy pups; 20 were normal littermates from dog families with congenital heart disease. The direction of P, QRS, and T vectors was determined, and the modal QRS axis (vector) was constructed from lead I and AVF in the frontal, from lead I and V10 in the transverse, and from lead AVF and V10 in the sagittal plane. Except for the T wave directly after birth, no marked difference in the ECG evolution between the two groups was found. After birth the modal QRS vector was almost exclusively directed to the right. The modal QRS vectors in the first, second, and third weeks were significantly different from each other. By the twelfth week all vectors were directed to the left and the majority was oriented leftward and caudally. In the serial ECG tracings the change from right ventricular to left ventricular dominance was seen to be progressive. The R/S ratio in the left chest leads increased from less than 1.0 at week 1 to a multiple of 1.0 after the sixth week. The changes occurring in scaler ECG's were mirrored in VCG's recorded in selected pups. PMID- 7264505 TI - Effect of pacing rate and intensity on mechanical alternans amplitude. AB - The aim of this paper is to report the effect of variations in stimulus frequency (SF) and intensity (SI) of right ventricular pacing on the left ventricular mechanical alternans (MA) amplitude, (MAA) which is defined as 100 (S-W)/S, where S is the ventricular pressure of the strong beat and W that of the weak beat. In 30 dogs the right ventricle was paced at SF ranging from the sinus frequency up to 400/min and at SI ranging from threshold up to 270 mA, while the left ventricular pressure was recorded. Increasing SF at near threshold values of SI resulted in an increase of MAA up to a maximal value. Further increase in SF might cause a diminution of MAA. A slight raise in SI than could increase abruptly MAA. Further increase in SI while keeping a constant SF caused a reduction in MAA which was an approximate logarithmic function of SI. Digoxin, adrenaline or calcium reduced or abolished MA, even in experiments which left atrial and mean aortic pressure were kept constant by suitably placed open-air reservoirs. Pindolol increased MAA. Raising the height of the atrial constant pressure reservoir induced the MAA, while lowering its height increased the MAA. Changing the height of the aortic constant pressure reservoir did not produce consistent changes in MAA. The effects of SF and SI on the MAA could possibly be explained on the basis of the hypothesis that the MA is a complex oscillatory phenomenon. A different number of myocardial fibers contracting at each systole depending on SF and SI may play a role in the genesis of MA and may explain the present findings. It is concluded that, in addition to hemodynamic and inotropic factors, stimulating the ventricles at a high SI may ameliorate the MA at a given heart rate. PMID- 7264506 TI - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: T wave abnormalities during normal pathway conduction. AB - Forty-five patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) were reviewed. The preexcitation using Boineau's classification was: right anterior (six patients), left lateral (nine patients), right posterior (15 patients) and left posterior (15 patients). Normal pathway conduction was observed to occur either spontaneously or after administration of ajmaline, procainamide, or by eye-ball pressure. Disappearance of preexcitation was associated with T wave abnormalities in 39 patients (86.6%). The orientation of the T spatial vector (SAT), after suppression of the WPW aspect, varied according to the site of ventricular preexcitation. In eight patients with left lateral ventricular preexcitation (LLVP), the frontal T wave axis was between +70 degrees and +120 degrees (mean +92 degrees) and the horizontal T wave axis was located in the left anterior quadrant. In the five patients with right anterior ventricular preexcitation (RAVP), the frontal axis was between + 40 degrees and - 10 degrees (mean + 26 degrees) and the horizontal axis was in the left posterior quadrant. The 26 cases with right posterior ventricular preexcitation (RPVP) and left posterior ventricular preexcitation (LPVP) had a frontal axis between - 10 degrees and - 70 degrees (mean -39 degrees) and the horizontal T wave axis in the left anterior quadrant. This study suggests that the T wave anomalies observed after suppression of the WPW aspect are in direct relation to the localization of the preexcitation according to Boineau's classification. The analogy between the abnormalities of the T wave and those which are observed after right ventricular pacing (VP) or after disappearance of left bundle branch block (LBBB) is discussed. PMID- 7264507 TI - Torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia. A complication of disopyramide shared with quinidine. AB - Two cases of documented torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia in association with the use of disopyramide are described. One patient had previously experienced an episode suggestive of quinidine induced ventricular tachycardia while the other developed ventricular tachycardia during quinidine treatment which was later exacerbated and sustained by the administration of disopyramide. Both patients exhibited a prolonged QTc or QUc interval at the time of the arrhythmia. These cases suggest that a propensity of ventricular arrhythmias induced by quinidine may identify individuals who are likely to develop similar arrhythmias disopyramide treatment as well. PMID- 7264508 TI - Rapid ventricular parasystole with possible multilevel exit block. AB - A case of ventricular parasystole firing at the extremely rapid rate of 214 beats per minute in a 73 year old woman is described. Manifest cycle lengths of parasystolic complexes varied widely due to variable degrees of exit block, which could be best interpreted by the concept of multilevel block or alternating Wenckebach periodicity in the ventriculo-ectopic junction. Discontinuation of digoxin reduced the degree of exit block and unmasked parasystolic tachycardia. PMID- 7264509 TI - The effect of ventricular interpolation on subsequent atrioventricular conduction. PMID- 7264511 TI - Cartilage response to plasma and plasma somatomedin activity in rats related to growth before and after birth. AB - Cartilage response to plasma, plasma somatomedin activity, body weight and length were measured in rats from 15 days of fetal age to 37 days postnatally. The metabolic activity of costal cartilage was assessed by the incorporation of [35S]sulphate in basal medium and after stimulation by plasma. It was found that (a) A significant stimulation of isotope uptake above basal levels occurred in the presence of 15% standard adult rat plasma at every age studied. (b) The degree of stimulation, a measure of cartilage sensitivity to plasma growth factors, increased through the latter part of fetal life but fell after birth. A high degree of cartilage stimulation was seen on day 6 of postnatal life. (c) The changes in cartilage sensitivity and in the stimulated isotope uptake, resembled the changes observed in growth rate for body weight, nose-rump length and tail length. (d) Plasma somatomedin activity measured by the pig costal cartilage assay was low in the fetus and neonate but rose to adult values 9 days after birth. However, plasma from fetal or neonatal rats tested on cartilage from rats of the same age was equipotent to adult rat plasma. (e) Plasma from hypophysectomized adult rats had a low potency in stimulating isotope uptake by neonatal rat cartilage but was equipotent to normal adult rat plasma in its action on fetal cartilage. (f) The action of plasma from hypophysectomized rats on fetal cartilage was unaffected by dialysis but was destroyed by incubation with trypsin. PMID- 7264510 TI - Early inhibition by progesterone of oestrogen-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in the chick oviduct and rat uterus. AB - The oestradiol-induced increase of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in the 'withdrawn' chick oviduct was found to be inhibited by progesterone. In vitro (2 h at 37 degrees C), progesterone (1 mumol/l) abolished the effect of oestradiol (20 nmol/l), progesterone alone having no effect. In vivo, progesterone (3 mg/kg) inhibited approximately 70% of the augmentation of ODC activity induced in the oviduct within 2 to 6 h of treatment with oestradiol benzoate (1.5 mg/kg). Administration of progesterone alone in vivo caused an increase in the ODC activity, the maximum level measured after 6 h being similar to that obtained when the chicks were given both oestrogen and progesterone. In the rat uterus in vivo progesterone also inhibited the rise of ODC activity caused by oestradiol, approximately % inhibition being observed between 2 and 6 h after treatment. Progesterone alone had no effect on uterine ODC activity during this period. PMID- 7264512 TI - Acute effects of an antiserum to luteinizing hormone on ovarian steroidogenesis in the pregnant rat. AB - Pregnant rats were injected s.c. at 09.00 h on day 8 of pregnancy (day 1 = sperm positive vaginal smear) with either 0.2 or 0.5 ml equine antiserum to bovine LH (anti-LH) while control rats were injected with 0.5 ml normal horse serum (NHS). Rats were decapitated 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 h later and serum was saved for radioimmunoassay of progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, oestrone and oestradiol. One ovary was kept for histology, and from the other, corpora lutea (three/animal) and the non-luteal ovary (ovarian remnant from which all corpora lutea were removed) were saved for steroid determinations. The production rate of steroids by the luteal and non-luteal ovarian compartment was assessed by incubation in Krebs--Ringer bicarbonate buffer for 2 h. A significant decrease in the serum concentrations of all steroid hormones was induced by 6 h after treatment with anti-LH; progesterone being the first hormone to be consistently reduced (by 3 h). The steroid concentrations remained lower than those in control rats on days 9 and 10. A single injection of anti-LH reduced the number of health antral follicles by 3 h but there were always two to four normal antral follicles per ovary on days 8-10. The initial hormonal changes in the non-luteal ovary after LH deprivation were decreases in the concentration and production rates of the androgens and oestrogens. The initial concentration of non-luteal progesterone was lower 3 and 6 h after anti-LH than in control rats. Although anti-LH induced a decrease in the serum concentration of progesterone 24 and 48 h later, the corpora lutea contained more progesterone on day 8 and produced in vitro more progesterone than controls on day 8 after 0.2 and 0.5 ml anti-LH and on day 9 when only 0.5 ml was give. The increase in the initial concentration of progesterone on day 8 probably represents accumulation resulting from inhibition of luteal progesterone release. It appears, therefore, that the initial alteration after LH deprivation is inhibition of the release of luteal progesterone and this alone is sufficient to account for the interruption of pregnancy. The in-vivo increase in luteal steroidogenesis following LH deprivation was observed to some extent with androstenedione bu testosterone was unaffected. Luteal aromatizing enzymes appeared to be very sensitive to LH deprivation on day 8 since the concentration and production of oestrogen decreased without concomitant decreases in androgen. Progesterone (4 mg) administered along with 0.2 ml anti-LH on day 8 prevented luteal regression and the corpora lutea synthesized progesterone and androgens similarly to NHS-treated controls; however, the corpora lutea of the progesterone-treated group contained and produced less oestrogen than controls. PMID- 7264513 TI - Steroidal interactions in the regulation of maternal behaviour in virgin female rats: effects of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, oestradiol, progesterone and the aromatase inhibitor, 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione. AB - The effects of exposure to concentrations of androgens, oestradiol (OE2) and progesterone similar to those found during pregnancy on the induction of maternal behaviour were investigated in female rats. In the first experiment the effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) administered in combination with progesterone (using silicone elastomer capsules) on the induction of behavioural responsiveness towards young (crouching, retrieval and grouping of pups) were measured in ovariectomized virgin rats. Hormonally treated animals were exposed to testosterone or DHT from day 1 of treatment to the end of behavioural testing, while progesterone was administered for 10 days (days 3-13). Testing for maternal responsiveness began on day 14 and lasted until day 23. Significant reductions in latencies to show individual aspects of and complete maternal behaviour were found only in animals treated with a combination of testosterone and progesterone (range of mean latencies for showing one aspect of, to complete, maternal behaviour = 1.0-1.4 days). The mean latencies of the other hormonally treated animals ranged from 5 to 6 days and were similar to those of non-hormonally treated control rats. The second experiment examined the possibility that stimulation of maternal behaviour in animals given testosterone and progesterone resulted from the aromatization of testosterone to OE2. Ovariectomized virgin rats were implanted with capsules containing testosterone and other with the aromatase inhibitor, 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) on day 1, and with progesterone capsules on day 3. Progesterone capsules were removed on day 13 and behavioural testing commenced on day 14. Treatment with testosterone and progesterone failed to stimulate maternal behaviour in rats treated with ATD. In a third study ovariectomized virgin rats were implanted with OE2 on day 1 and progesterone on day 3. The progesterone implants were removed on day 13 and testing began on day 14. Significant reductions in latencies to show all aspects of maternal behaviour were found in these rats. In a final study progesterone capsules remained in OE2- and progesterone-treated rats from day 3 until the completion of behavioural testing. The presence of progesterone implants throughout the test period (days 14-23) blocked the rapid onset of maternal responsiveness induced by removal of progesterone on day 13 shown in rats treated with OE2 plus progesterone in experiment 3. These data suggest that during gestation testosterone, through its conversion to OE2, synergizes with progesterone to help stimulate the development of the capacity of the female animal to respond maternally to young, a capacity unmasked by withdrawal of progesterone before parturition. PMID- 7264514 TI - Effects of an antiserum to luteinizing hormone and steroid replacement therapy on maintenance of pregnancy in the rat: serum and luteal levels of progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol. AB - Pregnant rats were injected s.c. with antiserum to LH (anti-LH) on days 8 or 10 of pregnancy (day 1 = day of sperm-positive vaginal smear) and subsequently given various steroids s.c. to prevent luteolysis and/or abortion. A single injection of 4 mg progesterone on day 8 prevented abortion and luteolysis as shown on day 12 by the presence of fetal swellings and levels of progesterone in serum (88 +/- 6 (S.E.M.) ng/ml) and corpora lutea (26 +/- 3 ng/mg) comparable to control values. After 0.5 ml anti-LH on day 10, a daily dose of 4 mg progesterone prevented abortion in five out of eight animals but by day 13 luteal progesterone was 3.0 +/- 0.7 compared with 24 +/- 3 ng/mg in controls. After anti-LH on day 8 or 10, daily injections of 1 or 4 mg testosterone propionate or 10 micrograms, 100 micrograms or 1 mg oestradiol failed to prevent abortion or to raise luteal concentrations of progesterone to normal values. However, 4 mg testosterone propionate on day 8 or 100 or 500 micrograms oestradiol on day 10 maintained serum progesterone levels at approximately half those of control values. Treatment with 4 mg testosterone propionate on days 8-11 led to significant increases in serum and luteal levels of testosterone and oestradiol on day 12; on day 10 exogenous oestradiol by day 13. These results, especially treatments begun on day 8, are difficult to reconcile with the current concept that the luteotrophic action of LH in the pregnant rat is exerted by increasing luteal androgens that are aromatized to oestrogens which then act as the direct luteotrophic stimulus. PMID- 7264516 TI - Placental production of 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol in goats. AB - A major product of progesterone metabolism by the goat placenta in vitro was found to be 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol. The concentration of this steroid has been measured by radio-immunoassay in the peripheral circulation during pregnancy. Peripheral plasma concentrations of 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol were low (less than 6 nmol/l) in anoestrous and nonpregnant ovariectomized goats, and during the first month of pregnancy but increased progressively after day 45 of pregnancy, reaching 78-94 nmol/1 between days 112 and 142. Thereafter levels declined before term. Changes in the plasma concentration of 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol during pregnancy in the goat therefore resembled those of progesterone in the sheep. Plasma concentrations of 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol between day 70 and term were not influenced by repeated administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate from days 51 to 82 or by lutectomy in goats treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Secretion of 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol by the uterus and its contents was indicated by a positive venous-arterial difference across the uterus between days 128 and 141 in three ovariectomized pregnant goats receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate. Comparison of the rates of metabolism of progesterone by homogenates of placenta in vitro showed that the placental tissue from goats was three time more active in this respect than was tissue from sheep. The ratio of the plasma concentrations of 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol and progesterone in late pregnancy in ovariectomized or lutectomized goats exceeded by a factor of 10 that in sheep at a comparable stage of gestation. It is suggested that reductive metabolism of progesterone before it is secreted may account for the inability of the placenta to maintain pregnancy after ovariectomy in goats. PMID- 7264515 TI - Effects of testosterone, pregnenolone, progesterone and cortisol on pituitary and testicular function in male golden hamsters with gonadal atrophy induced by short photoperiods. AB - Testicular regression was induced in adult golden hamsters by exposure to a short photoperiod (5 h light:19 h darkness). The response of these animals to exogenous steroids (ten injections each of 5 mg testosterone, testosterone propionate, pregnenolone, progesterone or cortisol administered s.c. three times/week) was evaluated from weight changes in testes and seminal vesicles, from plasma levels of LH, FSH and testosterone, and from testicular human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) binding and testosterone levels. Administration of testosterone or testosterone propionate produced a decrease in plasma gonadotrophins and a three- to fourfold increase in weights of testes and seminal vesicles, thus indicating that the seminiferous tubules, similarly to accessory reproductive glands, retained the ability to respond to androgenic stimulation. Binding of HCG by testicular tissue was dramatically reduced by treatment with testosterone, probably reflecting atrophy of the Leydig cells. Treatment with pregnenolone or progesterone failed to increase testicular weight, seminal vesicle weight or concentrations of in the testes. This suggests that the atrophic testes of these animals may have a limited capacity to produce biologically significant amounts of androgens from C21 steroids. Administration of cortisol did not alter any of the parameters of reproductive function that were examined. PMID- 7264517 TI - Plasma concentrations of oxytocin and intramammary pressure in goats during manual stimulation of the udder and hand-milking. AB - The concentration of oxytocin in the jugular venous plasma of goats was studied by radioimmunoassay and the intramammary pressure measured upon manual stimulation of the udder and hand-milking. Before stimulation the concentrations of oxytocin were close to the limit of detection, about 3 pg/ml. Manual stimulation of the udder resulted in a short-lasting increase in plasma oxytocin in 11 out of 18 experiments carried out on nine goats. There were large variations between and within individuals in the magnitude of the oxytocin increase. Hand-milking was in general as efficient stimulus for oxytocin release. In experiments in which manual stimulation had led to a large increase in plasma oxytocin, the ensuing hand-milking did not lead to a further increase. In three experiments neither manual stimulation of the udder not hand-milking resulted in any significant increase in plasma oxytocin. The intramammary pressure increased upon manual stimulation of the udder and/or hand-milking in four out of six experiments. There was, in general, a close time-relationship between changes in intramammary pressure and plasma oxytocin. PMID- 7264518 TI - Behavioural action of androgen in the dove: effects of long-term castration on response specificity and brain aromatization. AB - Differences in the effectiveness of oestradiol-17 beta and testosterone on male courtship and vocal behaviour were examined in long-term castrated doves. Nest orientated behaviour was restored by intramuscular injection of oestradiol-17 beta. Testosterone was effective in restoring aggressive courtship and vocal behaviour, but not for the nest-orientated behaviour. The effects of these hormones were separable, therefore, under conditions of prolonged androgen deficit, suggesting differences in their specificity of action. In-vitro assay of brain enzyme activity indicated that aromatization of testosterone to oestradiol 17 beta occurred in the preoptic area of long-term castrated doves. Preoptic aromatase activity of long- and short-term castrated doves did not differ. The ineffectiveness of testosterone in restoring nest-orientated behaviour in long term castrated doves did not appear, therefore, to be due to a difference between the groups in the basal rate of testosterone aromatization in the preoptic area. PMID- 7264519 TI - Plasma prolactin and progesterone responses to mating are altered in ages rats. AB - The effects of varying amounts of copulatory stimulation on patterns of plasma concentrations of prolactin and progesterone were evaluated in 3- and 12-month old female rats. The 12-month-old group included rats which still exhibited oestrous cycles and rats in persistent vaginal oestrus (PVO). The extent of copulatory stimulation was defined by the number of intromissions received during mating: less than or equal to 5, 15 or greater than 50. Blood samples were drawn over the 8 days after mating through a cannula inserted into the right external jugular vein. Plasma from the samples was assayed for prolactin and progesterone. In aged but still cyclic rats, pregnancy rates were positively correlated with the number of intromissions received during mating. Only one rat in PVO became pregnant. All animals which became pregnant and rats in PVO which, after mating, exhibited a disruption of the pattern of PVO, showed the nocturnal surge of plasma prolactin characteristic of pregnant and pseudopregnant rats. While these surges persisted until day 8 after mating in pregnant animals, they were absent by this time in the rats in PVO. Prolactin surges were present in some but not all of the aged rats which did not become pregnant. Progesterone concentrations were raised in all pregnant animals except the one pregnant rat in PVO and, while not related to the number of intromissions, concentrations were higher 8 days after mating in young compared with those in aged pregnant rats. Plasma progesterone was low in rats in PVO regardless of disruption of the pattern of PVO. We have concluded that the failure of limited copulatory stimulation to induce pregnancy in older rats results, at least in part, from its failure to initiate nocturnal prolactin surges. Nevertheless, our data suggest that matings which are not experimentally limited should provide ample stimulation to establish such surges. Although reduced plasma concentrations of prolactin and progesterone at pro-oestrus and reduced plasma progesterone through part of gestation may contribute to decreasing fertility in aged rats, other unidentified factors appear to be involved in mediating the capacity of extensive copulatory stimulation to induce pregnancy in these animals. PMID- 7264520 TI - Effects of neural stalk stimulation on phasic discharge of supraoptic neurones in Brattleboro rats devoid of vasopressin. AB - Brattleboro rats, homozygous for diabetes insipidus, and Long-Evans rats were anaesthetized with urethane, and antidromically identified neurons were recorded from the supraoptic nucleus. Phasically firing neurones were studied during repeated electrical stimulation of the neural stalk, whereby most supraoptic neurones, but not the recorded neurone, were activated antidromically. Such stimulation consistently modified the discharge pattern of phasic neurones in Long-Evans rats, but was relatively ineffective in Brattleboro rats. These results suggest that the effects of neural stalk stimulation on discharge patterns in Long-Evans rats may be substantially mediated by the evoked release of vasopressin or neurophysin. PMID- 7264521 TI - Suckling in the guinea-pig: the simultaneous release of oxytocin and neurophysin. AB - The release of oxytocin and neurophysin during suckling has been studied in conscious unrestrained guinea-pigs. After prior separation, mothers and litters were allowed to suckle for a period of 10 min, and the weight gain of the litter recorded as an index of milk transfer. Maternal blood samples were obtained without disturbance through previously implanted intravenous cannulae and neurophysin and oxytocin determined on unextracted plasma by specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays. In 82 out of 118 experiments the young gained weight during suckling (1.6 +/- 0.1 (S.E.M.) g/pup) and this was associated with large rises in both oxytocin and neurophysin concentrations in plasma (mean concentrations: oxytocin 65.4 fmol/ml, neurophysin 360 fmol/ml). Where serial samples were taken, oxytocin and neurophysin showed a rapid rise and fall in concentration closely associated with the occurrence of milk ejection as judged by the behaviour of the litter. The present results provide the first direct evidence of a spurt release of both oxytocin and neurophysin measured simultaneously during milk ejection. The conscious lactating guinea-pig thus provides a useful laboratory model in which to study hormone release during milk ejection. PMID- 7264522 TI - Suckling in the guinea-pig: the effects of passive immunization with an antiserum to oxytocin. AB - Lactating guinea-pigs were passively immunized with an antiserum to oxytocin of high titre, specificity and avidity. Single i.v. injections of 0.1-0.4 ml antiserum produced high titres which decayed slowly (half-life congruent to 7 days). Passively administered antiserum was effective in vivo; the clearance of exogenous oxytocin from plasma was greatly slowed in immunized animals. Passive immunization with 0.4 ml antiserum reduced milk transfer to the litter during suckling episodes of 10 min, and overall litter growth rates were significantly decreased. Non-immune serum was without effect. Plasma neurophysin levels showed the same large rises during suckling in immunized animals, indicating that neurohypophysial activation was unimpaired. Despite the presence of high titres of antiserum, some milk transfer still occurred at milk ejection. In-vitro experiments showed that more than 25% of oxytocin remained free 20s after mixing with plasma taken from passively immunized animals. It is probable that the antiserum in the circulation was unable to bind all the oxytocin released from the posterior pituitary gland before it reached the mammary gland. PMID- 7264523 TI - Effects of mating on levels of oxytocin and prolactin in the plasma of male and female rabbits. AB - The effects of mating on plasma levels of oxytocin and prolactin in male and females rabbits have been investigated. Blood was collected through indwelling cardiac catheters at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 60 min after mating. In female rabbits additional samples were taken 5h after mating, as well as daily during the ensuing pregnancy or pseudopregnancy. They were also fitted with intrauterine balloons for recording uterine activity. Copulation induced a rapid, transient rise in plasma oxytocin in female rabbits at the same time as a fall in plasma prolactin. Mating or sexual excitement had no significant effect on plasma concentrations of oxytocin or prolactin in bucks. Relatively large fluctuations of plasma oxytocin were seen in male rabbits under normal conditions and after mating, suggesting episodic release of oxytocin in a random fashion. The uterine recordings indicated that, in spite of the modest release of oxytocin, a strong sympathetic adrenal activation occurred in response to mating and this provided the overriding influence on uterine activity. During pregnancy plasma levels of prolactin rose significantly on day 4, and remained raised throughout most of gestation. Plasma prolactin fluctuated widely during the first half of pregnancy but the mean levels were higher than those found during the second half of gestation. When pseudopregnancy was induced with injection of an ovulating dose of LH, plasma prolactin rose in a similar manner as during early gestation or mating-induced pseudopregnancy. Thus, in contrast to rats, stimuli associated with mating have no direct influence on the subsequent release of prolactin in rabbits. The secretion of prolactin during gestation seems to be controlled entirely by ovarian steroids, probably progesterone. PMID- 7264524 TI - Electrophysiological recordings from oxytocinergic neurones during suckling in the unanaesthetized lactating rat. AB - A method is described for making extracellular recordings of the spontaneous activity of single hypothalamic neurones in unanaesthetized, freely moving, lactating rats using chronically implanted micro-wire electrodes. Extracellular recordings taken from individual neurones were maintained for periods of between 1 and 12 days. These records were not affected by any normal movement of the animal. As several micro-wires were implanted into each animal it was possible to make simultaneous recordings from several different hypothalamic sites in the same animal. Some recordings were identified as those from magnocellular neurones in the paraventricular nucleus on the basis of antidromic invasion after electrical stimulation of the neurohypophysis. Milk ejection in response to the prolonged sucking of ten or more pups was intermittent, and individual milk ejections recurred at intervals of 2-10 min throughout each period of nursing. The rise in intramammary pressure at milk ejection was associated with a vigorous extensor response from the pups. This was monitored by radar to provide an index of milk ejection in the unanaesthetized rat. Eleven antidromically identified neurones were recorded through 321 milk ejections. Eight of these neurones displayed a transient (2-6s) and very substantial acceleration in discharge at the time predicted for oxytocin release, i.e. 10-12s before milk ejection. The background discharge of these cells was 0.1-2.6 action potentials/s; this increased to 16-50 action potentials/s during the brief period of accelerated activity. Twenty-five neurones were studied during 365 milk ejections in rats which did not have a stimulating electrode implanted in the neurohypophysis. Thirteen of these neurones displayed a burst of high frequency discharge before each milk ejection, similar to that described for the antidromically identified neurones. Two of the non-responsive cells displayed a phasic pattern of discharge, characteristic of vasopressinergic neurone discharge recorded in anaesthetized rats. These observations of putative oxytocinergic neurones in unanaesthetized, freely moving rats are identical with those previously made on anaesthetized rats, and establish that the high frequency burst of electrical activity displayed by magnocellular neurones some 10-12s before milk ejection is responsible for oxytocin release under normal physiological circumstances. PMID- 7264525 TI - A permanent preparation allowing measurements of secretion of parathyroid hormone in conscious goats. AB - A preparation for estimations of rates of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in conscious goats is described. The procedure involved surgical isolation of a thyroid with its indwelling parathyroid gland, leaving the blood supply intact. Permanent access to the arterial and venous supplies of the preparation was secured by exteriorization of the jugular vein and carotid artery in skin-covered loops. The remaining parathyroids were removed leaving the isolated parathyroid gland as the only source of the hormone. For the seven goats operated on, the preparation has worked satisfactorily from the start in five and also in the remaining two after a reoperation to cut an accessory venous drainage. The loops have been catheterized repeatedly for extended periods of time and the preparation has proved useful for periods of up to 3 years. Secretion of PTH was measured in one goat at two consecutive parturitions. In late pregnancy, secretion rates of 0.7-0.9 ng/kg per min were observed when the dietary calcium intake was adequate. In the first weeks of lactation, secretion increased to 1.2 1.5 ng/kg per min when the intake of calcium was adequate and to 2.0-2.2 ng/kg per min when calcium intake was inadequate. Reductions in calcium intake led to increased rates of secretion of PTH both during pregnancy and during lactation. The results indicate that the preparation may be useful in the study of changes in PTH secretion both acutely and in connection with long-term studies of dietary adaptations of the calcium metabolism. PMID- 7264526 TI - Mulberry tussock moth dermatitis. A study of an epidemic of unknown origin. PMID- 7264527 TI - Childhood cancer and parental occupation in Finland. AB - A case-control study was conducted of the occupations of parents of children under 15 with diagnosed malignancies. The total series contained all childhood cancers cases reported to the Finnish Cancer Registry during the period 1959-75. The parental occupations, recorded at the time of pregnancy, were collected from maternity welfare centres. The cases were analysed as a singly group or as subgroups according to the diagnoses-brain tumours, leukaemia, and all other malignancies. The maternal occupations found more frequently among cases than controls included farmers' wives (1959-68 only), pharmacists, saleswomen, bakers, and factory work of an vehicle driving, machine repair, painting, and the work of men who gave an academic degree as their occupation. Some of these occupations involve possible exposure to harmful chemicals, although chance correlations cannot be excluded. PMID- 7264528 TI - Mortality and type of cigarette smoked. AB - Twenty-five years ago, cigarette smokers in the United Kingdom smoked plain cigarettes with an average tar yield of probably about 35 mg. Now smokers predominantly smoke filter cigarettes and average tar yields have been reduced by half. Epidemiological evidence comparing mortality in smokers of differing types of cigarettes is reviewed. Compared with smokers of higher tar plain cigarettes, smokers of lower tar filters cigarettes have a reduced mortality for lung cancer, for cancer of the buccal cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, and bladder, for chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and for cirrhosis of the liver. They also have a slightly significant. Problems of interpretation and limitations of the available evidence are discussed. No worthwhile evidence is yet available on smokers of "low tar' (0-10 mg) cigarettes and data are sparse on lifetime smokers of filter cigarettes. Continuing research is important to understand the situation fully, but the trends of lower mortality to be associated with lower tar and nicotine levels are promising. PMID- 7264529 TI - The importance of tar and nicotine in determining cigarette smoking habits. AB - Cigarette consumption and inhaling, assessed using carboxyhaemoglobin levels, were studied in 1786 men to investigate the importance of tar and nicotine as determinants of smoking habits. No prior warning was given that smoking habits would be studied. Neither nicotine nor tar yields materially influenced the number of cigarettes smoked a day. Both nicotine and tar yields were negatively associated with inhaling (p less than 0.001) but after allowing for either of the two yields the effect of the other on inhaling was no longer statistically significant. There was, therefore, no indication as to whether nicotine or tar was the more important determinant of smoking habit. PMID- 7264530 TI - Record linkage for drug monitoring. AB - A study was carried out to assess the feasibility of using record linkage for drug monitoring. For two years, three types of records were collected for a total of 43 117 people: (1) details of basic attributes, such as sex and age; (2) details of prescriptions dispensed; and (3) records of hospital admissions, obstetric deliveries, and deaths. The records about each person were linked together, and analyses were performed to reveal associations between drugs and diagnoses. The study suggested that record linkage would be useful both for generating and for testing hypotheses about the adverse effects of drugs. The method would be especially valuable for detection of delayed effects (such as the induction of cancer), sudden deaths outside hospital, and effects of the fetus all of which are difficult to study by other means. A full-scale project would need to cover a large population, and some of the practical issues that would arise are discussed. PMID- 7264531 TI - The influence of malignant cell cytology screening on the survival of industrial bladder cancer cases. AB - The influence of urinary malignant cell cytology screening has been explored in an industrial population. Survival was prolonged in the screened group partly because a greater proportion of early stages disease was being diagnosed, and partly because of other differences in the screened group which have yet to be defined. PMID- 7264532 TI - Sex differences in the incidence of cerebrovascular disease. AB - Incidence rates for cerebrovascular disease reported by community-based and hospital-based studies during the past 15 years are analysed. The range of variation between area is wide, with Japan and Finland experiencing the highest age-adjusted rates. Of 16 studies reporting incidence rates by sex, 15 showed a male excess, and nine of these were significant when the incidence rate was age adjusted. Overall, the excess is about 30% for both community-bases and hospital based studies. For cerebral infarction the excess is about 45%. Intracerebral haemorrhage shows little difference between the two sexes and subarachnoid haemorrhage shows a male deficit of about 50%. These findings are self consistent. PMID- 7264533 TI - Congenital malformations and maternal occupation in Finland: multivariate analysis. AB - The Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations was used in a multivariate analysis to explore the associations between maternal occupation in industry and children born with central nervous system (CNS) or musculoskeletal or oral cleft malformations. Possible confounding factors were selected in preliminary screening of risk indicators for malformations. These factors included characteristics of the mother, the child, and the family; maternal illnesses; an maternal medication at the time of pregnancy. Tobacco smoking was a confounding factor for all type of malformations; number of children born to the mother, maternal age, malformations in the family, number of rooms occupied by the family, sex of the child, threatened abortion, and continuous medication of the mother during the first trimester confounded the association for certain type of malformations. After adjusting for confounding factors, maternal occupation in industrial trades significantly correlated with CNS, oral cleft, and musculoskeletal malformation in the offspring. Maternal occupation in industry and construction only was significantly associated with CNS malformations in the offspring but the associations with oral cleft and musculoskeletal malformations were not significant. PMID- 7264534 TI - Comparison of cause of death coding on death certificates with coding in the Royal College of General Practitioners Oral Contraception Study. AB - A comparison has been made between the coding of the cause of death by (a) the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) during the Oral Contraception Study and (b) the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) or the General Register Office for Scotland (GRO) on death certificates for the same subjects. Broad grouping of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) showed close agreement between RCGP and OPCS or GRO coding for all deaths which occurred from the start of the Oral Contraception Study in 1968 up to December 1978. Moreover, where discrepancies occurred there were no systematic differences between ever users of oral contraceptive and non-users. Detailed examinations of discrepancies in the coding of the causes of those deaths included in the RCGP publication of October 1977 shows that our previous estimate of mortality risk associated with oral contraceptives would not be materially altered by the use of death certificate information. PMID- 7264535 TI - Young mentally handicapped adults in three London boroughs: prevalence and degree of disability. AB - A survey of 282 young adults, mentally handicapped on an administrative definition, was undertaken in th London Boroughs of Hounslow, Hammersmith, and Ealing between October 1978 and April 1980. The prevalence of mental handicap in the age group born between 1958 and 1963 was calculated, and variations were shown between the three boroughs and within the borough of Ealing. The findings suggested that the prevalence of severe mental handicap in this area is not markedly different from rates found in other British studies, but the administrative prevalence is inflated because numbers of mildly handicapped school leavers subsequently use the services for the mentally handicapped. Subjects were classified according to behavioural disabilities: young people in residential care were more likely to be severely incontinent, not literate, and without speech, but overall there was no relationship between degree of disability and placement in residential care. PMID- 7264536 TI - The prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence in women. AB - One thousand and sixty women aged 18 or over, randomly selected from a defined geographical area in South Wales, were interviewed at home about their urinary symptoms. Ninety-five per cent co-operated, of whom 45% admitted to some degree of incontinence. "Stress' incontinence was reported by 22% of women, "urge' incontinence by 10%, and both types combined--"complex'--by 14%. In most women urinary loss was both small and infrequent but 5% of all women experienced a loss sufficient to necessitate a change of clothes; in 2.6% such loss occurred daily. Over 3% of all women reported that incontinence interfered with their social or domestic life but only half of these had sought medical advice. PMID- 7264537 TI - Selection in cohorts and pattern of causes of death. PMID- 7264538 TI - Interaction of epiblast and hypoblast in the formation of the primitive streak and the embryonic axis in chick, as revealed by hypoblast-rotation experiments. AB - Three types of experiments were performed to determine the interaction between the epiblast and hypoblast for primitive streak formation: (1) Hypoblasts of blastoderms from stages XIII E.G & K to 3 H & H were separated from the epiblasts and rotated by 90 degrees counterclockwise; (2) hypoblasts from stages XIII E.G & K to 3 H & H blastoderms were rotated by 180 degrees; (3) hypoblasts were exchanged between blastoderms of different developmental stages and placed at 90 degrees counterclockwise to the axis of the recipient epiblast. In all blastoderms studied only a single PS developed. After rotation of the hypoblast by 90 degrees, the direction of the PS was according to the orientation of the hypoblast at stage XIII, whereas at older stages it gradually shifted towards the axis of the epiblast. At stage 3- H & H the PS is already imprinted in the epiblast and cannot be shifted. After rotation of the hypoblast by 180 degrees the PS originated at the point near the marginal zone at which the inductive part of the hypoblast interacted with a component epiblast. Conclusions are drawn about the dynamics of the inductiveness of the hypoblast and the competence of the epiblast for the PS formation and orientation. PMID- 7264539 TI - Role of the kidney in foetal erythropoiesis: erythropoiesis and erythropoietin levels in newborn mice with renal agenesis. PMID- 7264540 TI - Effects of L-phenylalanine on somite formation in the early chick embryo. AB - Chick embryos were treated in ovo and in vitro with L-phenylalanine from the intermediate streak stage (Hamburger & Hamilton stage 3, 12-13 h of incubation) to the 7-somite stage (H & H stage 9, 29-33 h of incubation). Treatment in ovo resulted in a large number of embryos developing somite blocks, i.e. imperfectly segmented somites. In embryos treated at an early developmental stage (12-21 h of incubation), the blocks of unsegmented somite mesoderm occurred mostly in the somite pairs 1-5, whereas treatment that began at a later stage (24-30 h of incubation) caused blocks in the somite pairs 5-10, i.e. the appearance of blocks of unsegmented somite mesoderm is correlated in time with the onset of the treatment. No difference regarding mitotic indices could be distinguished between normally segmented somites and blocks of unsegmented somite mesoderm. Autoradiography based on tritiated L-phenylalanine showed no regional differences in labelling of the chick embryo body. Electronmicroscopical observations indicate a slightly suppressed formation of microvilli in the cells of the unsegmented mesoderm blocks compared with cells in normally segmented somites. The observed disturbances are probably caused by a suppressed yolk granule decomposition in the developing somite cells. The experiments in vitro support the findings in the in ovo material; at the same time, they reveal an unexpectedly slow diffusion of L-phenylalanine through the vitelline membrane. PMID- 7264541 TI - Evidence for a metameric pattern in the development of the chick humerus. AB - It has been proposed that the wing bud is induced by some axial influence at a specific confined location and that the ZPA is the residual influence of such induction. The purpose of the present investigation was to test this hypothesis. Tantalum foil barriers were placed lateral to the mesonephric duct and parallel to the long axis of the embryo in the wing field of stage-12 to -15 chick embryos. These barriers blocked the somatopleure's communication with more medial tissues at specific somitic levels. The results of these experiments demonstrate that (1) the limb is not induced at one specific point, (2) portions of the humerus appear to be induced segmentally along the entire limb field and (3) the ZPA is not induced by axial structures. We propose a model of wing development suggesting that the humerus is induced as several separate components which then fuse to form the definitive bone. PMID- 7264542 TI - Expression of serologically detectable H-2 antigens on mid-gestation mouse embryonic tissues. AB - Mixed haemadsorption assays using antibody-coated indicator sheep erythrocytes and mouse alloantisera revealed that major histocompatibility complex (H-2) antigens were expressed on cells of 24-72 h cultures of mid-gestation mouse embryonic skin, gut, lung, limb-bud and heart but not of embryonic gonad or kidney. The precise time of detection of H-2 antigen expression and the proportions of cells expressing these determinants depended on inbred strain, specific haplotype, tissue of origin and antiserum batch employed. In all tissues the proportion of cells expressing H-2 increased progressively from day 11-12 post-coitum onwards. The findings are discussed with respect to hypotheses concerning the possible role of major histocompatibility antigens in cellular recognition and interactions during embryogenesis. PMID- 7264543 TI - Abnormal overgrowth of chick embryos treated with p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside at early stages of development. AB - The effect of p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside, an inhibitor of proteoglycan biosynthesis, on the growth of chick embryos was studied by injection of the single dose of 1.0 mg/egg into fertile eggs on day 3. Embryos examined on day 10 had systemic edema, and were increased not only in wet weight (142% of the non treated embryos) but also in dry weight (125%). No skeletal malformations were observed in the treated embryos. The glycosaminoglycan content in the treated embryos began to increase 6 h after treatment and reached the maximum level (174% of the non-treated) after 3 days, while the DNA and protein content began to increase 12 h after treatment and reached the maximum level (about 140%) within 3 days, p-Nitrophenyl alpha-D-xyloside, p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside, and a mixture of p-nitrophenol and D-xylose produced neither the abnormal overgrowth nor the edematous change of chick embryos. When fertile eggs were treated with 1.0 mg/egg of p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside on day 6, the increase in wet and dry weights was also observed in all surviving embryos. On the contrary, treatment on day 9 resulted in the slight reduction of embryonic growth in addition to the systemic edema. Both embryos treated on day 3 and on day 6 contained glycosaminoglycans rich in chondroitin 6-sulfate, whereas the embryos treated on day 9 contained glycosaminoglycans rich in undersulfated chondroitin sulfates. These findings seem to support the view that glycosaminoglycans play an important role in the regulation of embryonic growth. PMID- 7264544 TI - The innervation of dorsoventrally reversed chick wings: evidence that motor axons do not actively seek out their appropriate targets. AB - In normal chick embryos the extensor (dorsal) muscles are innervated by motoneurones lying laterally in the motor horn, while flexor muscles are supplied by more medially placed motoneurones. After reversal of the dorsoventral axis of the forelimb prior to innervation in most cases the opposite pattern is found, the extensors innervated by medial and flexors by lateral motor neurones. In a minority of cases the normal innervation pattern is obtained. Three hypotheses are discussed, two involving specific target affinity between motor axon and target and one involving passive deployment of axons to targets. We conclude that our results favour the latter hypothesis but that we cannot exclude a short-range specific signal. PMID- 7264545 TI - Spreading of hemiretinal projections in the ipsilateral tectum following unilateral enucleation: a study of optic nerve regeneration in Xenopus with one compound eye. AB - Right compound eyes were formed in Xenopus embryos at stages 32-33 by the fusion of two nasal (NN), two ventral (VV) or two temporal (TT) halves. Shortly after metamorphosis the optic nerve from the compound eye was sectioned and the left intact eye removed. The retinotectal projections from the compound eye to the contralateral and ipsilateral tecta were studied by [3H]proline autoradiography and electrophysiological mapping between 6 weeks and 5 months after the postmetamorphic surgery. The results showed that NN and VV eyes projected to the entire extent of both tecta. In contrast, optic fibre projection from TT eyes, although more extensive than the normal temporal hemiretinal projection, failed to cover the caudomedial portion of the tecta. The visuotectal projections in all three combinations corresponded to typical reduplicated maps to be expected from such compound eyes, where each of the hemiretinae projected across the contralateral and ipsilateral tecta in an overlapping fashion. The rapid expansion of the hemiretinal projections of the compound eyes in the ipsilateral tectum following the removal of the resident optic fibre projection suggests that tectal markers may be carried and deployed by the incoming optic fibres themselves. PMID- 7264546 TI - The mechanism of mouse egg-cylinder morphogenesis in vitro. AB - The number of trophoblast giant cells in outgrowths of mouse blastocysts was determined before, during and after egg-cylinder formation in vitro. Giant-cell numbers rose initially but reached a plateau 12 h before the egg cylinder appeared. A secondary increase began 24 h after egg-cylinder formation. Blastocysts whose mural trophectoderm cells were removed before or shortly after attachment in vitro formed egg cylinders at the same time as intact blastocysts but their trophoblast outgrowths contained fewer giant cells at this time. The results support the idea that egg-cylinder formation in vitro is accompanied by a redirection of the polar to mural trophectoderm cell movement which characterizes blastocysts before implantation. The resumption of giant-cell number increase in trophoblast outgrowths after egg-cylinder formation may correspond to secondary giant-cell formation in vivo. It is suggested that a time dependent change in the strength of trophoblast cell adhesion to the substratum occurs after blastocyst attachment in vitro which restricts the further entry of polar cells into the outgrowth and therefore results in egg-cylinder formation. PMID- 7264547 TI - The distribution of regenerative potential in the wing disc of Drosophila. AB - The distribution of regulative potential was investigated in the wing disc of Drosophila. Ten complementary pairs of fragments were tested for their capacity to regenerate or duplicate. The distribution of positional values resulting from this data was found to be very unequal; six of the twelve clockface values were tightly clustered round the anterior--posterior compartment boundary. Despite this, complementarity between regeneration and duplication was generally maintained. PMID- 7264548 TI - Embryogenesis of an insect nervous system II: a second class of neuron precursor cells and the origin of the intersegmental connectives. AB - The intersegmental connectives in the locust central nervous system are initiated by the axons of early differentiating neuron trios. Using a combination of electron microscopy and fluorescent dye injection we have shown that the axons of these cells grow out anteriorly and posteriorly in each segment along a basement membrane, and link together at the segment borders to form continuous longitudinal pathways on each side of the developing nervous system. These early neurons are the progeny of a second class of precursor cell, the midline precursors, which are distinct from the segmental neuroblasts. Like the neuroblasts, the midline precursors are arranged in a standard segmentally repeated pattern. This and the standard pattern of axon outgrowth in different segments suggest that the nervous system develops to a common, segmentally repeated programme. PMID- 7264549 TI - Morphogenetic analysis of changing cell associations following release of 2-cell and 4-cell mouse embryos from cleavage arrest. AB - Two-cell and four-cell mouse embryos were cultured in Cytochalasin D (CD) for 40 48 h. They were fixed for light and electron microscopy at various times after washing off the CD. Cleavage-arrested embryos in CD had well separated blastomeres but by 1 h from washing the embryos had compacted, in most cases without undergoing cell division. By 2 h after release from arrest one blastomere of the 2-cell arrested embryos had become crescent shaped and at 4-5 h the crescent-shaped blastomere had started to spread over the surface of the other rounded blastomere. This process continued until by 16-24 h from explantation to fresh medium one blastomere had almost completely engulfed the other. A similar process occurred in 4-cell arrested and released embryos. At this stage the embryos had accumulated fluid and become blastocyst-like vesicles. In 20% of 2 cell and 4-cell embryos one or two blastomeres underwent one cell division after release from arrest. Serial sections of these embryos lead to the conclusion that one or both progeny of the first cell to divide tended to be engulfed by the later dividing or non-dividing cell(s). These results are discussed in relation to the differentiation of ICM and trophectoderm in blastocysts. PMID- 7264550 TI - Blastokinesis in embryos of the bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus. A light and electron microscopic study 1. Normal blastokinesis. AB - In the bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus, blastokinesis (a reversal of the position of the embryo within the egg) is seen to involve contraction of the serosa that is attached to the embryo's head. As the serosal cells change from squamous to columnar in the course of blastokinesis, a dense zone of microfilaments appears just under the apical surface. Many apical protrusions develop above this zone. After the embryo is in its final position the zone disappears and later the cells degenerate. Laterally, the serosal cells are connected by belt desmosomes, septate junctions and gap junctions. As blastokinesis progresses, more lateral surface is recruited below them from the original basal surface. Microtubules running parallel to the plasma membrane are seen near the apical microfilaments and along other surfaces of the cell. Secretory granules are evident both within serosal cells and along the apical surface, probably providing a lubricant for movement against the chorion. Yolk cells are common basal to the serosa, possibly mobilizing nutrients for it. This study of blastokinesis in Pyrrhocoris provides a dramatic example of cell shape change that is correlated with the appearance of microfilaments. In its details blastokinesis is comparable to morphogenetic events such as amphibian neural tube formation and ascidian metamorphosis. PMID- 7264551 TI - Presence of multipotential hemopoietic cells in teratocarcinoma cultures. AB - Previous investigations have shown that the teratocarcinoma line PCC3/A/1 is able to differentiate in vitro to produce red blood cells of the primitive hemopoietic cell population of the mouse embryo. The present paper demonstrates the presence in the same cultures of multipotential cells capable of giving rise to colonies containing erythrocytes, macrophages, and megakaryocytes when stimulated by pokeweed-mitogen spleen-cell conditioned medium. PMID- 7264552 TI - The age-dependent loss of cells from the rear of Dictyostelium discoideum slug is not tip controlled. AB - Young slugs of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum drop small numbers of individual amoebae (approximately 10/mm) in the slime trail. With increased time of migration, slugs develop trailing tails and leave clumps of cells in their slime trails. Using reciprocal transplants between tips of young and old slugs and between a wild-type strain and an 'aged" mutant it was shown that this age-dependent cell loss is due to changes in the bulk of cells comprising the slug, rather than to changes in the effectiveness of the tip (organizer region). Another property of the slug, the decision to continue migrating or form a fruiting body which is controlled by the tip, was less affected by age. This raises the possibility that cell autonomous properties of the slug are more subject to ageing than is the tip. PMID- 7264553 TI - Pattern re-establishment--transplantation and regeneration of the leg in the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (Walker). AB - Regeneration and grafting experiments were carried out on the prothoracic leg of the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (Walker) to examine the precision with which surface cuticular structures and internal epidermal derivatives are reformed. By comparing regenerated and grafted limbs with normal limbs it was found that the three-dimensional structure of epidermal derivatives is not restored. This is despite the fact that regenerated and grafted limbs appear similar in their external morphology to normal limbs. The implication of these results are discussed in the context of theories of pattern formation. PMID- 7264554 TI - Ferromagnetic crystals (magnetite?) in human tissue. PMID- 7264555 TI - Reading skills of hearing and congenitally deaf children. PMID- 7264556 TI - Skin temperature biofeedback in children and adults. PMID- 7264557 TI - Learning disability and hyperactivity: deficits in selective attention. PMID- 7264558 TI - Origin and kinetics of pulmonary macrophages during an inflammatory reaction induced by intravenous administration of heat-killed bacillus Calmette-Guerin. AB - This report gives a quantitative description of the kinetics of the pulmonary macrophages and their direct precursors during the acute inflammatory reaction in the lungs induced by intravenous injection of heat-killed bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) into specific-pathogen-free mice. After BCG injection, the total number of pulmonary macrophages isolated by lavage and subsequent enzyme digestion of lung tissue increased to 225% of normal within 12 h and, after a minor decrease, rose to a maximum of 250% of normal at 96 h, followed by a decrease to 150% at 144 h, the end of the observation period. The number of circulating monocytes doubled in the first 48 h and stayed close to that level. In vivo and in vitro labeling with [3H]-thymidine showed that an influx of monocytes transforming into pulmonary macrophages was mainly responsible for the population increase. A temporary increase in the number of locally dividing pulmonary macrophages--manifested by an increased in vitro labeling index, reaching a maximum of 9.6% 72 h after BCG injection--made a minor contribution to the population increase. All pulmonary macrophages were classified according to morphological criteria as alveolar-macrophage-like (AML) or non-alveolar macrophage-like (NAML), and their respective characteristics were established. The in vivo labeling data showed NAML to represent exudate macrophages derived from circulating monocytes entering the interstitial tissue, and these cells changed morphologically into AML upon entering the alveolar hypophase. This mechanism was confirmed by the finding that the interstitially deposited BCG were found first inside NAML and later in AML. The in vivo labeling data showed that local production was mainly a result of division of macrophages that were morphologically identical with normal alveolar macrophages. The former cells, however, derived most probably recently from the circulation, because the turnover of the total population was very high before local macrophage production became maximal. In mice treated with HC before the injection of BCG, this population increase was absent, because of virtual abolition of the initial monocyte influx and absence of the increased local production of macrophages. Calculations showed that the monocyte influx in the first 48 h amounted to approximately 4 x 10(6) cells, i.e., eight times that found in the normal steady state, and that the efflux of pulmonary macrophages in that period amounted to approximately 3.5 x 10(6) cells, i.e., seven times the normal efflux. The local production over the total period of 144 h was only three times that found normally. The results of these quantitative studies show that the increase of the pulmonary macrophage population during an acute inflammation is brought about mainly by monocyte influx and to a minor extent by a temporary increased local production of macrophages. Disposal of interstitially deposited BCG occurred by phagocytosis by local macrophages and the subsequent efflux of the latter. PMID- 7264559 TI - Treatment by limited surgery and specific immunization of guinea pigs with stage II experimental cancer. AB - The malignant disease produced in guinea pigs by intradermal inoculation of line 10 was allowed to progress to stage II, at which time the dermal tumor and the first draining lymph node were grossly evident. At that stage, the external appearance of the next draining lymph node was normal, but it contained tumor cells. Limited surgery consisting of excision of the dermal tumor and first draining lymph node was not curative; palpable metastases developed in the second and other draining lymph nodes, and at autopsy, some animals were found to have gross, visible lung metastases. Immunization of guinea pigs with a mixture of irradiated syngeneic tumor cells plus mycobacterial cell walls in an oil-in-water emulsion eradicated tumor cells remaining in lymph nodes after limited surgery for stage II experimental cancer and prevented progression of the disease to stage III. Tumor intravenously implanted in the lungs of animals after limited surgery for stage II disease was also eliminated by immunization. PMID- 7264560 TI - Augmentation of macrophage complement receptor function in vitro. III. C3b receptors that promote phagocytosis migrate within the plane of the macrophage plasma membrane. AB - We have previously reported that treatment with a unique lymphokine enables resident mouse peritoneal macrophages to phagocytize via their complement receptors and we have presented evidence that the lymphokine act by enabling complement receptor engagement by C3b ligands to generate a phagocytic signal, thereby linking the cell surface binding event with the intracellular phagocytic machinery. In the present experiments, we used immobilized immune complexes to study the topography of C3b receptors of resident mouse peritoneal macrophages treated with the lymphokine. Our results indicate that lymphokine treatment enables the macrophages' C3b receptors to migrate within the plane of the cells' plasma membrane and that manipulations of macrophages that abrogate one response to the lymphokine, complement receptor mobility, also abrogate the other response, complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis. These findings strongly suggest that lateral mobility of a ligand-bound receptor within the macrophage plasma membrane is an essential component of the phagocytic signal. Moreover, our results indicate that the difference in complement receptor function among various populations of macrophages is not due to the expression of different types of complement receptors by the different macrophage populations but rather to a difference in the relationship of the C3b receptor with other plasma membrane or intracellular components. PMID- 7264561 TI - Heterogeneity of natural killer cells in the mouse. AB - Mice were treated with the bone-seeking isotope, 89Sr, cyclophosphamide, and short-term lethal irradiation in vivo, and murine spleen cells are treated with anti-Nk-1.2 plus complement (C) in vitro. Fresh spleen cell suspensions from the above groups and from beige and neonatal mice were subsequently tested for natural killer (NK) cell activity against a panel of lymphoid and nonlymphoid tumor cell target. NK cell reactivities against YAC-1, MPC-11, and Cl.18 tumors were markedly and consistently reduced in (a) mice treated with 89Sr, (b) spleen cells treated with anti-Nk-1.2 plus C, and (c) C57BL/6 bg/bg mice. In contrast, NK activities against FLD-3 and WEHI-164.1 tumors were usually normal in mice treated with 89Sr, in beige mutant mice, and in spleen cells after treatment with anti-Nk-1.2 antibody and C. It appears, therefore, that two major groups of NK cells exist in fresh mouse spleen cells suspensions. NK-A cells are marrow dependent, Nk antigen positive, and deficient in beige mice; these lyse YAC-1, MPC-11, and Cl.18 tumors. NK-B cells, which are responsible for the lysis of WEHI 164.1 and FLD-3, are Nk antigen negative, marrow independent, and unaffected by the bg/bg mutation. Other features of NK-B cells, suggest that these NK cells, although they share the characteristics mentioned above, differ among themselves especially with respect to age of maturation and susceptibility to cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation. The NK-B group may therefore induce subsets that remain to be defined. PMID- 7264563 TI - Genetic study of lymphoma induction by AKR mink cell focus-inducing virus in AKR x NFS crosses. AB - The mink cell focus-inducing (MCF)-247 virus, originally isolated from an AKR thymoma, is lymphomagenic in AKR mice but not in the ecotropic virus-negative NFS mouse strain. Analysis of sensitivity to lymphoma-induction by AKR-247 MCF virus in genetic hybrids between these two strains showed that F1 mice inoculated as sucklings were uniformly sensitive, whereas those inoculated as weanlings were generally resistant. In NFS backcross mice inoculated as sucklings, inheritance and expression of endogenous ecotropic virus from AKR was an essential correlate of replication of MCF virus and subsequent development of lymphoma. However, one third of the mice expressing ecotropic virus and replicating the inoculated MCF virus did not develop lymphoma. The results suggested that an additional gene that influenced development of lymphoma may be involved, and that mice inheriting both virus-inducing loci from AKR were more susceptible than those inheriting only one. These findings indicate that the causal role of ecotropic virus infection in spontaneous thymomagenesis in AKR mice involves not only the generation of leukemogenic MCF viruses but also the establishment of permissiveness for their growth. PMID- 7264562 TI - Immunochemical studies of conjugates of isomaltosyl oligosaccharides to lipid. I. Antigenicity of the glycolipids and the production of specific antibodies in rabbits. AB - Isomaltose oligosaccharides varying in size from two sugars, isomaltose (IM2), to seven sugars, isomaltohepatose (IM7), were coupled to stearylamine by reductive amination with sodium cyanoborohydride. Each compound was purified by column chromatography to yield a series of glycolipids containing oligosaccharides differing in length. Stearyl-isomaltotriose to stearyl-IM7 could be incorporated into liposomes and could render them agglutinable by specific antibodies to alpha 1 leads to 6 dextran and could be lysed if complement was also added, whereas those containing stearyl-IM2 were not agglutinated or lysed, indicating that stearyl-IM2 may not be protruding from the liposome surface sufficiently to react with the antibody. Stearyl-isomaltosyl oligosaccharides by themselves or incorporated into liposomes were equally antigenic when emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. They elicited pauciclonal responses, and the antibodies were alpha 1 leads to 6 specific, cross-reacted with dextran, and gave semirestricted isoelectric focusing patterns. PMID- 7264564 TI - Retroviral gp70 immune complexes in NZB x NZW F2 mice with murine lupus nephritis. AB - NZB x NZW (NZB x W) F1 hybrid mice spontaneously develop a disease most prominently characterized by immune complex glomerulonephritis (GN), which seems to be associated with both antibodies to DNA and to the serum retroviral envelope glycoprotein, gp70. To evaluate the contribution of each of these autoimmune responses to the pathogenesis of the GN, we studied NZB x W F2 mice in which the two responses appeared to segregate relatively independently. Use of this model permitted analysis of possible correlations between each response and the G.N. The presence of circulating anti-gp 70-complexed gp70 correlated significantly with the development of fatal GN and one could predict the course of renal disease by computing the rising serum levels of gp70 complexed with antibodies. In contrast, the presence of free antibodies to either double-stranded or single stranded DNA was not significantly associated with the development of fatal GN. This association of anti-gp70 antibody production with these animals' early death from GN strongly suggests that the gene(s) governing production of antibodies to serum retroviral gp70 may be one of the major genes responsible for spontaneous renal disease segregated in NZB x W F2 generations. PMID- 7264565 TI - Lymphokine-mediated bone resorption requires endogenous prostaglandin synthesis. AB - Enhanced synthesis of prostaglandin (PG) E by explanted fetal rat bones was initiated by lymphocyte-conditioned media but not by physiological levels of parathyroid hormone. Rapid release of PGE from bone occurred only when the lymphokine was present. Synthesis of PGE preceded and was necessary for the bone resorption caused by the lymphokine preparation. Local production of prostaglandins in response to inflammatory cell or tumor-derived factors may in part be responsible for the localized bone loss that occurs in certain pathological states. PMID- 7264566 TI - Xanthurenic acid excretion in urine after oral intake of 5 grams L-tryptophan by healthy volunteers: standardisation of the reference values. AB - The excretion of xanthurenic acid in urine after oral intake of 5 grams of L tryptophan was studied and correlated with test and test-person parameters. The xanthurenic acid was determined by a colorimetric method, which gives reliable and reproducible results. Two groups, of 11 healthy volunteers each, participated. The first group started the test at 08.00 hours and the second group at 22.00 hours. Both groups repeated the same test, within one weed of the first test, at 22.00 hours. The xanthurenic acid excretion in the 24-hour urine correlated significantly (p = 0.04) with urine volume, but did not correlated with age, sex, height, body-weight, urine pH and urinary output of creatinine or 17-hydroxysteroids. The intraindividual variability of the test is not significant. The test should be started in the evening and the urine should be collected over 24 hours. The new reference values for the xar thurenic acid excretion under these conditions are 68.8 +/- 19.0 mumols/24 h. PMID- 7264567 TI - Elimination of low molecular weight polyethylene glycol 400 in the urine following an oral load, as a measure of intestinal permeability. AB - After an oral load of 10 g polyethylene glycol, its concentration in the urine was measured by gas chromatography. The coefficient of variation of the imprecision between run was about 11%. The urinary excretion was 25% of the administered dose with a coefficient of variation of the interindividual variation 26% and the intraindividual variation between 13% and 29%. PMID- 7264568 TI - Interfacial tension of some biological fluids: a comparative study. AB - In describing physiochemical properties of interfacial interactions, the interfacial tension is a major parameter. In the case of biological or body fluids, the presence of surface active substances influence the value of the surface tension. Thus, several proposals have been made for methods to investigate the changes in surface tension. Alterations of surface tension (compared to those of the normal values, e.g. of amniotic fluid) may indicate a pathophysiological status. This report presents data of systematically measured surface tensions of a few physiological fluids. Problems of methodology and data interpretation are discussed together with suggestions for new approaches, and comparisons are made with previously reported measurements. PMID- 7264570 TI - Unconjugated 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol in human plasma as measured by radioimmunoassay without chromatography. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) without chromatography for the determination of 5 alpha androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol in human plasma by using highly specific antisera against the 15 beta carboxyethylmercapto-bovine serum albumin conjugates is described. It could be shown that the 13% cross reaction of the 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol antiserum with pure androst-5-ene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol was negligibly low in plasma extracts. Sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and linearity revealed results which comply with the requisites of a reliable RIA. The plasma levels obtained were as follows (mean +/- SD): 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol: Normal males (N = 27) 0.86 +/- 0.22 nmol/l; normal females (N = 10) 0.31 +/- 0.07 nmol/l; hirsute females (N = 25) 0.60 +/- 0.24 nmol/l; 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol: Normal males 1.47 +/- 0.43 nmol/l; normal females 0.49 +/- 0.10 nmol/l; hirsute females 0.91 +/- 0.32 nmol/l. PMID- 7264569 TI - Hepatotoxic effects of sera from patients with fulminant hepatitis B on isolated rat hepatocytes in culture. AB - The hepatotoxicity of sera from patients with terminal fulminant hepatic failure has been investigated by cell culture techniques. It could be shown that both untreated and heat-treated sera are cytotoxic in nature. Compared with the action of sera from healthy individuals on liver cells in primary monolayer culture, the pathological sera exhibited significantly different behaviour with respect to morphological and biochemical parameters such as cell adhesion, growth and proliferation, and enzyme release. PMID- 7264571 TI - [Growth of calcium oxalate crystals in vitro: a simple method for measurement of the inhibitory action of human urine (author's transl)]. AB - A technically simple and reproducible method is described for the determination of the growth of crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate in vitro. In a system made metastable with respect to calcium and oxalate ion concentrations, the time course of crystal growth was measured by the decrease of free calcium ions, following the addition of a fixed quantity of calcium oxalate seed crystals. Inhibition of crystal growth caused by the addition of various inhibitors or urine was determined, and the possibility of supersaturation of crystal-forming ions was excluded by using low concentrations. The known inhibitors, ethane 1 hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonate, heparin and chondroitin sulphate C were tested, and ethane 1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonate showed the strongest inhibition of crystal growth. The inhibitory action of human urine was treated by addition of urine (30 ml/l) from resting and strongly hydrated probands. PMID- 7264572 TI - Criticism of the use of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 for the quantitative determination of proteins. AB - The quantitative determination of proteins in biological fluids, using Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250, was evaluated. Compared with the biuret method, the Coomassie Blue G-250 method needs a much shorter time for analysis and has a greater sensitivity. The sensitivity of the dye for albumin is significantly greater than for globulins. The standard curves for the biuret method are more linear than those for the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 method. The Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 method produces a precipitate, which sticks to the walls of the cuvet and results in an intolerable carry-over. Therefore, the use of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 method for the quantitative determination of proteins in urine and serum is not recommended. PMID- 7264573 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone: flash-methylation after direct addition of trimethyl-phenyl-ammonium hydroxide to the ethyl acetate extract (author's transl)]. AB - 25 microliters plasma, 25 microliters internal standard and 5 microliters sodium dihydrogenphosphate solution are extracted with 100 microliters ethyl acetate. 40 microliters of the extract are mixed with 10 microliters trimethyl-phenyl ammoniumhydroxide (0.1 mol/l methanol). 3 microliters of this solution are injected for gas chromatography using a nitrogen-specific detector. Trimethyl phenyl-ammoniumacetate appears to be a satisfactory methylating agent for these drugs in the injection port of the gas chromatograph. PMID- 7264574 TI - Automated determination of cholesterol by use of immobilized aldehyde dehydrogenase. AB - A method for the fully enzymic determination of cholesterol by use of aldehyde dehydrogenase, immobilized onto nylon-tubing, is described. The method gives good results, correlates well with enzymic cholesterol determination to solution, and is high in precision. More than 4000 tests can be carried out with one reactor, reducing the cost for aldehyde dehydrogenase to a negligible amount. PMID- 7264575 TI - Effect of purified zona antibody on fertilization in the mouse. AB - Bivalent (IgG) rabbit anti-mouse zona pellucida antibody completely inhibited fertilization in the mouse. Univalent (Fab) zona antibody did not inhibit the fertilizability of eggs. However, the treatment or injection with anti-rabbit IgG serum inhibited the fertilization of eggs pretreated with antiserum Fab or eggs from females injected with antiserum Fab. It is concluded that the inhibition of fertilization by bivalent louse zona antibody depends on the possibility that the antisera are directed against the zona as a whole and not specifically against the receptors for the sperm. PMID- 7264576 TI - Epidermal cell migration during attempted closure of skin wounds in the adult newt: observations based on cytochalasin treatment and scanning electron microscopy. AB - Epidermal closure of skin wounds on newt limb explants was inhibited to equal degrees by cytochalasins B,D and dihydrocytochalasin B (H2CB). The cytochalasin solvent, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), had no effect on migration at the low concentration present in the cytochalasin and control solutions. However, a 5% DMSO solution completely blocked mobility. Wounds on limb explants and limbs in situ responded similarly to cytochalasin treatment. Inhibition of migration by H2CB was reversible even when protein synthesis was reduced by 73%. Scanning electron microscopy of wound epithelium migrating on nucleopore filters revealed extensive lamellipodia on marginal cells and the first row of submarginal cells. Cytochalasin treatment produced plications in the upper surface and free edge of the normally smooth lamellipodia. This disturbance of the free edge revealed focal adhesions with the substratum. The fact that migration was inhibition by CD and H2CB (two cytochalasins with an affinity for contractile proteins but without some of the side effects of CB) leads us to conclude that epidermal cells utilize actin or actin-like proteins during wound closure. These results increase the likelihood that tissue cells of all types, whether in vitro or in vivo, share a common biochemical basis for cell movement. PMID- 7264577 TI - Substitution of a synthetic polymer for protein in a mammalian gamete culture system. AB - Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) was tested as a replacement for protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) in supporting motility, acrosome reactions, and fertilizing ability of hamster spermatozoa in vitro. Bovine serum albumin is normally required for all of these processes. After incubation for 5--6 hours in a simple culture medium containing BSA and PVA (0.1 mg/ml) and essential low molecular weight factors from blood serum, 85% of motile spermatozoa had undergone acrosome reactions. Sperm motility was equally well maintained by PVA in the absence of BSA but virtually no spermatozoa showed acrosome reactions even after prolonged incubation. Serum factors were later replaced by hypotaurine (10 microM), isoproterenol (1 microM), and penicillamine (20 microM). Spermatozoa incubated in this defined medium with BSA alone or with BSA and PVA fertilized more than 90% of oocytes. No oocytes were penetrated when BSA was replaced by PVA although vigorous sperm motility was maintained. Polyvinylalcohol may help elucidate the mechanism of the acrosome reaction by permitting effects of protein and other substances to be studied without loss of sperm motility (viability). Polyvinylalcohol could also replace BSA in solutions used for manipulation of zona pellucida-free oocytes. It is suggested that PVA may find general application in cell culture media. PMID- 7264578 TI - Developmental expression of glucose and triose phosphate isomerase genes in teleost fishes (brachydanio). AB - The ontogeny of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI; E.C. 5.3.1.9) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI; E.C. 5.3.1.1) isozymes in Brachydanio rerio, (zebra danio), B. albolineatus (pearl danio) and hybrids formed by their reciprocal crosses were examined by electrophoretic and spectrophotometric methods. The two species showed virtually identical adult, tissue-specific distributions and developmental progressions for both GPI and TPI isozymes. The Gpi-A and Tpi-B loci were expressed in all tissues studied. The Gpi-B locus was predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and the Tpi-A locus in eye, brain and ovary. The GPI-A2, TPI-A2, TPI-AB and TPI-B2 isozymes were continuously expressed from fertilization through 5 days postfertilization. The GPI-B2 isozyme initially appeared at 35 hours postfertilization, temporally correlating with the early differentiation of trunk somite myoblasts. Spectrophotometric analysis of total GPI showed fluctuations in activity through 48 hours, followed by a steady increase through 4 days postfertilization. Total TPI showed increased activity by the end of gastrulation and a sharp rise in activity beginning at 25 hours postfertilization. Embryos of reciprocal hybrids between B. rerio and B. albolineatus showed that isozymes derived from the activation of the paternal Tpi B, Gpi-A and Tpi-A alleles were initially detected at 20, 25, and 48 hours following fertilization, respectively. The maternal and paternal isozymes of the Gpi-B locus were synchronously expressed at 35 hours postfertilization. The pattern of GPI-B2 expression in hybrids followed a pattern similar to that in intraspecific crosses. Exposure of B. rerio embryos to pulses of actinomycin D at various stages prior to 35 hours postfertilization showed that messenger RNA encoding the GPI-B2 isozyme was first transcribed over a 14-hour interval initiated during mid-gastrulation. Translation of the GPI-B2 message occurred during a 13-hour period immediately preceding the embryonic expression of the GPI B2 isozyme. Our studies with Brachydanio indicate that several gene loci are activated at gastrulation and transcribe messenger RNA molecules coding for histospecific isozymes associated with later stages of organogenesis. PMID- 7264579 TI - Possible involvement of macrophages in embryo--maternal relationships during ovum implantation in the rat. AB - Distribution of phagocytic cells in the rat endometrium during the estrous cycle and early gestation was examined by histological, electron microscopic, and histochemical techniques. The results show that numerous macrophages emerge around the nidus shortly after the onset of ovum implantation. Such macrophages, however, were not present within the decidua, suggesting that this tissue may be a protective barrier against the migration of phagocytic cells towards the implants. Approximately 48 hours after the onset of implantation, the number of endometrial macrophages decreased dramatically. PMID- 7264580 TI - Isolation of epithelial cells from the corpus epididymidis and analysis for glycerylphosphorylcholine, sialic acid, and protein. AB - Enzymatically dispersed cells from the rat corpus epididymidis were separated by unit gravity sedimentation and centrifugal elutriation. Based on differential cell counts, principal cells isolated by centrifugal elutriation were 55% pure, while basal cells and fibroblasts were 88% and 61% pure, respectively. Compared to unit gravity separation, purity was an average of 7% higher in principal and basal cell fractions obtained by elutriation. Viability was greater than 87% by either method, but yields following elutriation averaged 23% higher for basal cells, 78% higher for principal cells, and 290% for fibroblasts than corresponding yields following unit gravity separation. Analyses for epididymal secretory products indicated that cellular content (mumoles/10(9) cells) of glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), sialic acid, and protein was greater in principal cells than other cell types (p less than .05). When expressed on the basis of cellular volume, concentrations of GPC and protein also were significantly greater in basal and principal cells than fibroblasts (p less than .05). Caput sperm contained significantly more GPC than either corpus or cauda sperm (p less than .005). Protein concentrations in caput and corpus sperm were similar, but concentrations were lower in cauda sperm (p less than .005). Levels of sialic acid did not vary among sperm from different epididymal regions. It was concluded that principal cells from the corpus epididymidis contain major quantities of three epididymal secretory products and that regional differences in the function of the epithelium are present. PMID- 7264581 TI - Characteristics of silenced firearms and their wounding effects. AB - The rate of seizure of illegally held silenced handguns has risen dramatically in recent years. Despite this, there are apparently no reports of wounds caused by these weapons. The efficiency, in terms of noise reduction, of silenced handguns is largely determined by construction, and homemade weapons are frequently more efficient than their commercially manufactured counterparts. Wounds are likely to be inflicted at either contact or close range. Muzzle imprints are erythematous rather than abraded and disproportionately large for the size of the wound. Close range wounds frequently exhibit atypical entrances. Examination of wound edges by energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays may demonstrate the presence of unusual elements, sometimes associated with components of the silencer. Also, inspection of recovered bullets with the naked eye may reveal damage indicative of modifications to the barrel or misalignment of the device. With these criteria it should be possible in many cases to support or refute the suggestion that a silenced weapon had been used to inflict a given wound. PMID- 7264582 TI - Use of photoluminescence to investigate apparent suicides by firearms. AB - A photoluminescence technique, which detects lead and antimony in gunshot residue, was evaluated for use in investigations of apparent gunshot suicides. The study was conducted in conjunction with forensic science laboratories in five U.S. cities. Samples were collected by the adhesive lift method from the backs of the hands of 67 gunshot suicide victims, 41 subjects who died of other causes, and 31 live subjects with high occupational exposure to lead and antimony. Tentative simultaneous threshold levels of 0.85 microgram for lead and 0.01 microgram for antimony were selected as criteria for presuming the presence of gunshot residue on samples from the hands of these suicide victims. Although blood decreases the detectability of lead and antimony in the samples, 48% of the suicide cases involving handguns other than .22 revolvers exceeded the threshold levels for both lead and antimony. Methods are suggested for eliminating the effects of blood, which should significantly increase the success rate for cases involving these guns. A much lower success rate was obtained for cases involving .22 revolvers and long guns, as expected from the sparse amounts of residue found in previous test firings of these guns. PMID- 7264583 TI - Characteristics and wounding effects of a black powder handgun. AB - Commercial exploitation of the recent increase in interest in American history has led to an increased availability of weapons designed to use black powder (gunpowder). In some states, controls on these weapons are poor or nonexistent. In this study a .44-caliber black powder revolver is described and compared with a .45 ACP modern revolver. The kinetic energies of their missiles were very similar. In addition to the usual wound appearances determined by range and direction of fire, it was noted that the soot associated with wounds from the black powder handgun was much greater than from the control and had a characteristic sulfurous smell. Much more true tattooing was present around the black powder wounds. The spherical shape of the missile and the presence of black powder in crypts in the missile base were both characteristic of a black powder revolver. Striations were well represented on the ball but were easily destroyed during recovery because the lead was so soft. Swabs from around the wounds and from the shooter's hand revealed a large deposit of barium but little antimony. Wounds inflicted by black powder handguns may be detected more or less reliably. PMID- 7264584 TI - Application of the microcomputer to analytical toxicology. PMID- 7264585 TI - Sudden unexpected death from primary pulmonary hypertension. AB - Five cases of sudden unexpected death from primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) are reviewed. Right ventricular myocardial hypertrophy and a dilated pulmonary conus may be the only findings at the initial gross examination. Characteristic microscopic changes in the lungs are primarily those of plexiform vascular lesions. The pathophysiology and morphologic alterations of PPH are discussed, and the association of this entity with collagen vascular diseases and mixed connective tissue disease is emphasized. It is concluded that PPH is an unusual cause of sudden unexpected death and its diagnosis may be difficult because prior signs or symptoms may be absent. The increased familial incidence of PPH underscores the necessity of considering this entity in cases of sudden unexpected death of obscure cause. PMID- 7264586 TI - A study of criminal defendants referred for multiple psychiatric examinations regarding their competency to stand trial. AB - One of the mainstays of forensic psychiatry has been the determination of a defendant's competency to stand trial. Competency to stand trial is based on the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that a defendant must have sufficient ability to understand court proceedings. Regardless of whether or not the defendant was mentally ill at the time a crime was committed or when the charged, the court can try someone only if that person has the capacity to understand proceedings in order to defend himself. When there is any question as to the competency of the defendant, he is referred for psychiatric evaluation of competency. Very little research has been undertaken in the past to examine this clinically interesting group of subjects. A study was conducted to explore the characteristics of 137 defendants who had been charged and referred for evaluation at least twice to the Court Clinic of the Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center Department of Psychiatry. It was expected that these would reflect the consequence of deinstitutionalization in New York State. Data were collected for each evaluation with regard to demographic characteristics, criminal history, and psychiatric history. Results are presented and discussed in light of the issue of deinstitutionalization. Note is made of the fact that only very small percentage of these patients have received outpatient psychiatric care. Suggestions for future research are offered. PMID- 7264587 TI - Secondary intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage due to spinal missile injury. AB - Fresh intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage may occur secondary to blast-type injury of the spinal cord. This phenomenon is demonstrated in four cases of gunshot and shotgun wounds involving the spinal column. The significance of such a finding is that the subarachnoid hemorrhage should not be construed to represent an independent injury. Such an erroneous conclusion could jeopardize a theory of self-defense in a homicidal shooting. PMID- 7264588 TI - The "routine" autopsy -- community hospital pathologist's view. PMID- 7264589 TI - "Human Experimentation Committee vs. Edward Jenner". PMID- 7264591 TI - Florida statewide cancer data system. PMID- 7264590 TI - Experience with Tc 99m HIDA in the diagnosis of acute gallbladder disease in Columbia county, Florida. PMID- 7264592 TI - Disseminated coccidioidomycosis with respiratory failure presenting in Florida. PMID- 7264593 TI - Excellence in medicine: a rewarding pursuit. PMID- 7264594 TI - Bad hospital PR--the patient pays. PMID- 7264595 TI - Hospital privileges: who should have them? PMID- 7264596 TI - Properties of the pH-sensitive site that controls the lambda max of Limulus metarhodopsin. AB - A pH-sensitive site controls the lambda max of Limulus metarhodopsin. The properties of this site were examined using intracellular recordings of the early receptor potential (ERP) as a pigment assay. ERPs recorded over a range of extracellular pHs indicate that the apparent pK of the site is in the range of 8.3-8.6. Several lines of evidence indicate that the site responds directly to changes in extracellular pH (pHo) rather than to changes in intracellular pH(pHi) that follow as a secondary result of changing pHo : (a) the effect of changing pHo was rapid (less than 60 s); (b) when pHo was raised, the simultaneous rise in pHi, as measured with phenol red, was relatively small; (c) raising pHi by intracellular injection of pH 10 glycine buffer did not affect the site; and (d) the effect of changing pH0 could not be blocked by increasing the intracellular pH buffering capacity. It is concluded that the pH-sensitive site on metarhodopsin is on the extracellular surface of the plasma membrane. PMID- 7264597 TI - Equilibrium state of ATP-driven ion pumps in relation to physiological ion concentration gradients. PMID- 7264599 TI - Temperature characteristics and Arrhenius plots for nominal psychrophiles, mesophiles and thermophiles. AB - The specific growth rates at various temperatures of 12 bacterial species were measured and plotted as Arrhenius profiles. Temperature characteristics and optimum temperatures for maximum specific growth rates were estimated from these curves. The data reveal that one of two forms of the Arrhenius profile is characteristic of each bacterium: one curve is a simple smooth curve with a single predominant slope at sub-optimum temperatures; the other is a more complex curve with two distinct slopes at sub-optimum temperatures. The simple curves describes bacteria across the entire biokinetic range whereas the more complex curve occurs only with organisms which have optimum temperatures for replication above 37 degrees C. Describing bacteria in terms of these forms of the Arrhenius profile is less arbitrary than is categorization based on optimum temperatures. PMID- 7264598 TI - Diffusion and consumption of oxygen in the superfused retina of the drone (Apis mellifera) in darkness. AB - Double-barreled O2 microelectrodes were used to study O2 diffusion and consumption in the superfused drone (Apis mellifera) retina in darkness at 22 degrees C. Po2 was measured at different sites in the bath and retinas. It was found that diffusion was essentially in one dimension and that the rate of O2 consumption (Q) was practically constant (on the macroscale) down to Po2 s less than 20 mm Hg, a situation that greatly simplified the analysis. The value obtained for Q was 18 +/- 0.7 (SEM) microliter O2/cm3 tissue . min (n = 10), and Krogh's permeation coefficient (alpha D) was 3.24 +/- 0.18 (SEM) X 10(-5) ml O1/min . atm . cm (n = 10). Calculations indicate that only a small fraction of this Q in darkness is necessary for the energy requirements of the sodium pump. the diffusion coefficient (D) in the retina was measured by abruptly cutting off diffusion from the bath and analyzing the time-course of the fall in Po2 at the surface of the tissue. The mean value of D was 1.03 +/- 0.08 (SEM) X 10(-5) cm2/s (n = 10). From alpha D and D, the solubility coefficient alpha was calculated to be 54 +/- 4.0 (SEM) microliter O2 STP/cm3 . atm (n = 10), approximately 1.8 times that for water. PMID- 7264600 TI - Novel morphogenesis in Ax-3, a mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum constructs a succession of characteristic structures (grexes) in the multicellular phase of its life cycle. Compared with the wild-type strain, NC-4, grexes of a mutant strain, Ax-3, exhibited a profound prolongation of the early mound stage of development and a premature and exaggerated tendency to construct short, broad and bulbous forms. The aberrant Ax-3 phenotype was partially corrected by increasing the temperature of development, decreasing the plating density, perfusing with fresh air, or by introducing 0.1 nm-formycin B or 3-deazaadenosine into the agar. Mixtures of NC-4 and Ax-3 formed hybrid grexes which often became transformed into toruses by spiral centrifugal movement of the cells. Under other conditions, hybrid mounds developed into binary grex structures, cylindrical columns on top of hemispherical mounds, each component of which completed the morphogenetic sequence independently. The narrow upper structure appeared to be composed primarily of NC-4 cells. These novel patterns of morphogenesis support our hypothesis that the shape of the organism is controlled by the specification of the circumference of loops of cells within the grex. PMID- 7264601 TI - Partial nucleotide sequence similarity within species of Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma. AB - The nucleotide sequence relationships between 18 species of Mycoplasma and 3 species of Acholeplasma were examined by solution DNA hybridization. Radiolabeled DNAs from strains representing 13 Mycoplasma and 2 Acholeplasma species were used as hybridization probes. The mycoplasmas were heterogeneous but displayed a low degree of conserved information of the order of 3 to 5% of the genome. However, several species within each genus showed 13 to 15% homology. There was no detectable homology between species from the two genera, and M. pneumoniae and M. neurolyticum appeared to be unrelated to any of the other Mycoplasma species or to each other. These results suggest that it may be possible to isolate genes common to most, if not all, Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species. PMID- 7264602 TI - Naturally occurring plasmids in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: pAV2, a plasmid which influences the fertility of the sex factor pAV1. AB - Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain EBF65/65 harbours a cryptic plasmid, pAV2, which has been shown by electrophoretic separation on agarose gels to have a molecular mass of approximately 13.5 megadaltons (Md). Transfer of the previously described sex factor pAV1 (Hinchliffe & Vivian, 1980 a,b) from the hospital strainJC17 into strains possessing pAV2 occurs only at a low frequency, whereas transfer to similar strains lacking pAV2 occurs at a much higher frequency. In EBF65/65, pAV1 may be present in strains possessing or lacking pAV2; pAV1 strains lacking pAV2 correspond to strains previously described as pAV1a (Hinchliffe & Vivian, 1980b) whereas pAV1 strains which also possess pAV2 correspond to pAB1b strains. The genetic evidence presented here is consistent with the hypothesis that pAV2 specifies a host restriction and modification system that is active against pAV1. Physical evidence from agarose gel electrophoresis indicates that pAV1 corresponds to a band of approximately 85 Md in strain JC17. The corresponding band in strains of EBF65/65 is difficult to distinguish because of the presence of a further cryptic plasmid band of approximately 88 Md, designated pAV3. A small cryptic plasmid of approximately 6 Md, designated pAV4, is reported for EBF65/65. PMID- 7264604 TI - Susceptibility of protein synthesis to neomycin in neomycin-producing Streptomyces fradiae. AB - A cell-free protein-synthesizing system from Streptomyces fradiae was developed by preparing ribosomes and an S-150 fraction with precautions to prevent protease action. Using this system, the ribosomes of this organism were shown to be susceptible to its own product, neomycin. PMID- 7264603 TI - Metabolism of tryptophan by Pseudomonas aureofaciens and its relationship to pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis. AB - Studies on the metabolism of tryptophan in Pseudomonas aureofaciens ATCC 15926 revealed different metabolic routes for the L- and D-isomer besides the biosynthetic pathway for pyrrolnitrin synthesis. L-Tryptophan catabolism follows the aromatic route via anthranilic acid. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase were induced by L-tryptophan. Kynureninase and anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase were induced by L tryptophan, L-kynurenine and anthranilic acid. Anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase was absent from a mutant strain of P. aureofaciens ATCC 19526 which produced about 30 fold increased amounts of pyrrolnitrin. The Km values of tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase and kynureninase did not differ substantially between the two strains. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase, 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase, tryptophanase and indolyl-3-alkane alpha-hydroxylase activities were not detected. D- and L-tryptophan were converted to indole-3-acetic acid. This additional catabolic pathway was well as tryptophan racemase activity was constitutive and present in both strains. PMID- 7264605 TI - Constitutive erythromycin resistance plasmid in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A plasmid with a molecular mass of 1.4 x 10(6) daltons has been identified in Staphylococcus aureus. This plasmid determines constitutive resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin and is the smallest naturally occurring element coding for antibiotic resistance in this species. PMID- 7264606 TI - DNA replication of bacteriophage T5. 3. Studies on the structure of concatemeric T5 DNA. AB - The replication of bacteriophage T5 DNA has been shown to proceed via branched concatemeric intermediates. The structures of this concatemeric DNA was studied with respect to single-stranded regions and single-strand interruptions by digestion with S1 nuclease and agarose gel electrophoresis after alkali denaturation. The results were compared with the pattern of 'nicks' in the mature virion DNA, and the possible origins of these nicks are discussed. The structure of T5 concatemeric DNA was also studied by electron microscopy. Replication forks, loops and rare circular structures were observed, all of which were similar to those seen in replicating DNA of other large phages. Phage capsid structures were detected in association with both concatemeric and mature phage length DNA. These observations are discussed in relation to the replication, maturation and packaging of T5 DNA. PMID- 7264607 TI - Process of cap formation of messenger RNA by vaccinia virus particles carrying an organized enzymes system. AB - Vaccinia virus mRNAs carry the cap structure m7G5'pppAm- or m7G5'pppGm- at the 5' terminus, which is synthesized by a series of RNA polymerase and capping enzymes contained in the virus particle. The process of the cap formation at the 5' terminus of mRNA was studied using an in vitro system under similar conditions to those of vaccinia virus multiplication in its host cell. After adding a methyl group donor, methyl-3H-S-adenosylmethionine, the oligonucleotides, which were the de novo synthesized 5'-terminal part of mRNA, were isolated from the RNA synthesizing virion at appropriate time intervals, and were analysed. The 5'-5' confronting nucleotides with 2'-O-methylation, G5'pppAm and G5'pppGm, were found with the completed cap structure, m7G5'pppAm and m7G5'pppGm. The confronting nucleotides with only 7-methyl guanine as a methylated component, m7G5'pppA and m7G5'pppG, were not detected at any incubation time, and it was concluded that methylation at the 2'-position of the 5'-terminal purine nucleoside of mRNA precedes methylation of the 7-position of the blocking guanosine. This result is different from that obtained using the enzymes isolated from vaccinia virus (Moss et al., 1976) and also from the results obtained using other kinds of virus particles, which carry RNA polymerase and capping enzymes. These differences may be due to the specific organization of a series of capping enzymes and RNA polymerase in each virus particle. PMID- 7264608 TI - Inoculation of dengue virus into nude mice. AB - When athymic nude (nu/nu) and heterozygous littermate (nu/+) mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a mouse-adapted strain of dengue virus (DV), the following differences were noted in the course of infection. (i) The average survival time of nu/nu mice was longer than that of nu/+ mice, although the mortality ratios were not significantly different. (ii) DV persisted in some of the nu/nu mice for long periods of time without exhibiting any symptoms but they died after prolonged incubation periods. These aspects were not observed in the nu/+ mice. (iii) Infected nu/nu mice produced IgM antibody only transiently in the early stage of infection but they did not subsequently show regular IgG antibody production which normally occurred in nu/+ mice. (iv) Piamatral and perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration in the infected brain was more intense in nu/+ than in nu/nu mice. It is suggested from these data that the course of DV infection in mice is affected by the availability of thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells). Infectious virus was detected in various organs and tissues of infected mice. The hearts of nu/nu mice tended to show higher virus titres than those of nu/+ mice, whereas the virus concentrations in the brain, skeletal muscle and lymph node were the same in both groups of mice. Specific DV antigen was revealed by the fluorescent antibody (FA) technique in cells located in the infected tissues. PMID- 7264609 TI - Analysis of genome composition and reactogenicity of recombinants of cold-adapted and virulent virus strains. AB - Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations occurring in three genes, 1, 2, and 7, and 1, 5 and 7 were found in two cold-adapted (ts) attenuated influenza virus strains A/Leningrad/9/37/46 (H0N1) and A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) respectively. The recombinants, obtained by crossing these cold-adapted strains with virulent influenza virus strains, had different genome structures and inherited from one to six genes from the cold-adapted parents. Tests of reactogenicity of recombinants in volunteers showed all the recombinants to be non-reactogenic irrespective of the number of genes inherited from the cold-adapted parent. PMID- 7264610 TI - The distribution of human coronavirus strain 229E on the surface of human diploid cells. AB - The distribution of human coronavirus strain 229E (HCV 229E) particles on the surface of human diploid (MRCc) cells was examined. Virus particles showed a totally random distribution on fixed cells and on cells to which virus had been adsorbed in the cold. A marked redistribution of virus particles was observed on warming virus-cell preparations to 33 degrees C for 20 min, the peripheral areas of the cell becoming relatively devoid of virus particles while the majority of particles were now located some distance from the edge of the cell. Redistribution did not occur in the presence of metabolic inhibitors. PMID- 7264611 TI - Adenovirus 37: identification and characterization of a medically important new adenovirus type of subgroup D. AB - A new human adenovirus has been isolated from 62 eyes with (kerato)conjunctivitis and from nine genitourinary sites. The virus is closely related in haemagglutination inhibition tests to adenovirus type 19 (Ad 19) and Ad 10. Antiserum adsorption experiments demonstrated the presence of three haemagglutinin antigens in the virus: One unique, another common to Ad 19, and a third common to Ad 10 and 19. In neutralization tests, the virus is distantly related to Ad 13, 30, 19, and 10. Despite this relationship, it is proposed to call the virus adenovirus 37, in agreement with current species definitions. It belongs to subgroup D of human adenoviruses. Antisera to the new virus show virtually no neutralization of other human adenovirus types. Only bay use of this antiserum it is in practice possible to avoid wrong or indefinite typing, which has often occurred in the past. PMID- 7264612 TI - Immunogenicity of influenza A/USSR (H1N1) subunit vaccine in unprimed young adults. AB - Purified subunit vaccines (HANAflu) containing 20 microgram hemagglutinin of influenza A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) alone or with 1-5% whole virus were compared to commercially available vaccines for reactogenicity and immunogenicity in unprimed young adults. Reactions to all vaccines were minimal. Sera from volunteers who received two intramuscular doses of vaccine or placebo were tested by hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralization tests. HANAflu with 1 microgram (5%) whole virus added was not different in immunogenicity from commercial vaccine. Both commercial vaccine and HANAflu with 1 microgram whole virus added gave higher seroconversion rates and more neutralization titers greater than or equal to 4 log2 than HANAflu alone and HANAflu + 0.2 microgram (1%) whole virus. Thus, the HANAflu subunit vaccine alone was less immunogenic than commercial vaccine in unprimed persons. However, addition of 1 microgram (5%) whole virus, but not 0.2 microgram (1%), eliminated this difference, There may be a role for addition of small amounts of whole virus to subunit influenza vaccines to overcome lower immunogenicity in unprimed populations. PMID- 7264613 TI - Purification of HBsAg from human placental blood by density-gradient zonal centrifugation. PMID- 7264614 TI - Self-concept, locus of control, goal blockage, and coronary-prone behavior pattern in children and adolescents: Bogalusa heart study. AB - Four measures that are hypothesized to be correlates of cardiovascular risk factor variables were tested in children and adolescents. A psychosocial questionnaire, including Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern and three additional measures (self-concept, locus of control, and goal blockage), was administered to 384 ten- to 17-year-old students in a biracial public school. White scored higher than did blacks on Type A behavior, and Type A behavior increased with age. Contrary to other reports, a negative relationship was found (excluding white boys and black girls) between self concept and Type A behavior. Blacks had a higher level of self-concept than did whites. Boys were found to have a more external locus of control than did girls, and blacks were more externally oriented and experienced greater goal blockage than did whites. Sufficient test-retest reliability was found to justify use of the four measures in future research. PMID- 7264616 TI - Sensory images among deaf adolescents. PMID- 7264615 TI - Externality, environment, and obesity in children. AB - On the assumption that external responsiveness and environmental characteristics jointly determine whether a child will achieve an excessive weight gain, perpetuating and maintaining obesity, probability hierarchy was hypothesized and tested. Ss of the study were 24 obese and 24 average-weight, white boys, mean age 9 years, 5 months. An auditory distraction task and Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test were used to measure auditory and visual responsivity to external cues, respectively. Socioeconomic status was used as an indicator of the childhood environment. As predicted, the greatest percentages of obese children were observed in the lower-socioeconomic, external group, followed by the lower socioeconomic, internal group and middle-socioeconomic, external group. The smallest percentage of obese children was observed in the middle-socioeconomic, internal group. PMID- 7264617 TI - How to break the logjam in schizophrenia. A look beyond genetics. AB - Despite recent advances in methodology, research in schizophrenia has reached an impasse. A new thrust for research in the field is proposed, and ways for testing its validity are indicated. The status of schizophrenia research is evaluated from the vantage point of six current scientific models for its etiology: genetic, ecological, developmental, learning theory, internal environmental, and neurophysiological (including neuroanatomical), Integration of these models is proposed based on the assumption that schizophrenic episodes occur in vulnerable individuals who under sufficient stress develop a time-limited episode from which all but a small proportion recover. However, even the recovered remain vulnerable to future episodes. Potential markers for vulnerability and for the beginning and end of episodes are classified according to the six etiological models from which they emanate. Recent research in vulnerability is summarized, and directions for future research are recommended. PMID- 7264618 TI - Comment on "how to break the logjam in schizophrenia". PMID- 7264619 TI - Commentary on "how to break the logjam in schizophrenia: a look beyond genetics" by Joseph Zubin and Stuart Steinhauer. PMID- 7264620 TI - Premorbid adjustment and affective symptomatology in schizophrenia. AB - Because affective symptomatology and premorbid adjustment are both strongly associated with outcome in schizophrenia, recent investigators have suggested that these two variables may be related to one another. In order to test this hypothesis, 45 schizophrenics were interviewed and rated on standardized and reliable measures of affective symptomatology and premorbid adjustment. The results indicated that schizophrenics with concurrent affective syndromes did not differ from nonaffective schizophrenics on several indices of premorbid adjustment. In addition, only one of 22 affective signs and symptoms, depression, was significantly related to premorbid adjustment. These findings suggest that the good-poor premorbid dimension and the schizoaffective-schizophrenic distinction are largely independent, and that future prognostic studies should include measures of both variables in order to determine their relative and pooled predictive power. PMID- 7264621 TI - Bilateral skin conductance, finger pulse volume, and EEG orienting response to tones of differing intensities in chronic schizophrenics and controls. AB - Skin conductance (SCOR), finger pulse volume (FPV-OR), and EEG orienting responses were examined to repeated tones of either 60- or 90-dB intensity in chronic schizophrenics, nonschizophrenic psychiatric patients, and normals. SCOR reaffirmed previous findings with schizophrenics displaying significantly more frequent nonresponsiveness to 60-dB tones, and faster habituation among patients who did respond. Increased stimulus intensity decreased the incidence of nonresponsiveness to the level of controls, but did not alter the rapid habituation of schizophrenics. These results generalized fully to the FPV-OR, despite the independence demonstrated between SCOR and FPV-OR, but did not generalize to EEG response. There were no significant differences between schizophrenics and controls in EEG reactivity-only in background activity, particularly in a slowing of dominant alpha frequency in schizophrenics. Schizophrenics displayed the same degree of bilateral asymmetry as controls in both SCOR and EEG; there was no evidence of a specifically schizophrenic asymmetry. Schizophrenics nonresponsive in either SCOR or FPV-OR showed significantly greater Conceptual Disorganization and Emotional Withdrawal, and significantly less Excitement than responders in blind clinical ratings on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. None of the findings could be attributed to the effect of neuroleptics. Comparisons between medicated and nonmedicated patients showed no drug-associated effect on any OR variable under study. Drug effects were apparent only in skin conductance level (SCL). Neuroleptics were associated with a significant reduction in SCL in both schizophrenics and nonschizophrenics, together with a flattening of an otherwise incrementing SCL among schizophrenics. PMID- 7264622 TI - Staff performance: do attitudinal "effectiveness profiles" really assess it? AB - Performance differences were examined for mental hospital staff with divergent profiles on the Opinions About Mental Illness (OMI) that have been purported to reflect differential staff effectiveness. Two staff groups (N = 40 each) were selected, in pairs, from 19 treatment programs serving adult mental patients to provide extremes of "OMI-effective" vs. "OMI-ineffective" profiles while equating groups on demographic, experiential, and program characteristics that had previously been found to influence OMI scores or staff performance. Actual on-the floor performance was assessed by direct hourly observations obtained on the Staff-Resident Interaction Chronograph over a full week in each program. The OMI effective group was found to perform greater amounts of overall activity and greater amounts of interaction with institutionalized residents than did the OMI ineffective group. These differences in public job-relevant activity, likely, provide the basis for earlier reports of positive evaluations for staff who score in the OMI-effective direction. However, the groups did not differ in the specified nature and pattern of their staff-resident interactions when the overall rate of interactions was controlled. Such differences would be required for the OMI to be a measure of staff effectiveness in improving resident functioning. These results, in combination with previous studies, provide little support for the OMI as a measure of effectiveness or as an indirect measure of the goodness of staff performance. The OMI effective group did produce a higher frequency of interactions, and, thus, the OMI appears to serve as a useful descriptor of staff characteristics that might interact with other variables influencing effectiveness; but the absence of discrimination regarding the more crucial specific nature of interactions indicates that the OMI cannot substitute for direct assessment of actual staff performance. PMID- 7264623 TI - The effects of lisuride and some other dopaminergic agonists on receptor binding in human brain. AB - The effect of lisuride, bromocriptine, CQ 32-084 and CU 32-085 on the specific binding of radiolabelled spiperone to homogenates of human putamen taken post mortem has been investigated. In addition, the binding of 3H-lisuride to such preparations has been studied. Lisuride is found to inhibit spiperone binding to the dopamine receptor at very low concentrations and to bind to the beta adrenergic receptor at somewhat higher levels. Lisuride binding to the dopamine receptor was found to be antagonist-like. A measure of the in vivo effect of lisuride was obtained from investigations of brain tissue taken from a patient treated with the drug before death. PMID- 7264624 TI - Transitional states of central serotonin receptors in Parkinson's disease. AB - Crude membrane preparations from the frontal cortex of controls and parkinsonian patients were used to demonstrate affinity changes of the specific 3H-5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) binding sites. Two such sites were notable in controls, a finding consistent with earlier observations. In Parkinson's disease, both high and low-affinity sites are significantly decreased. Additional experiments either with prolonged incubation times or pre-incubation with N-ethylmaleimide change the two affinities to a single high-affinity or low-affinity constant. The concept of transitional states of 5-HT receptors is discussed and seems to have important implications in the treatment of parkinsonism. PMID- 7264625 TI - Prolactin response as an index of dopaminergic receptor function in Parkinson's disease. Correlation with clinical findings and therapeutic response. AB - Circadian rhythms of prolactin have been evaluated in thirteen untreated parkinsonian patients before and after 15 days of treatment with L-Dopa + carbidopa. The 24th secretory pattern was not significatively different from that observed in controls. The L-Dopa + carbidopa therapy does not change the basal circadian prolactin (PRL) rhythm. These results suggest that the tubero infundibular dopaminergic system (TIDA) and the PRL secretion are conserved in untreated parkinsonian patients (PP). During chronic L-Dopa + carbidopa therapy, the basal PRL levels, evaluated in 21 PP, showed a correlation with the severity of clinical features. The effects of single doses of apomorphine, bromocriptine, lisuride and haloperidol, were studied on serum levels of PRL in 21 PP divided in two groups of "responders" and "non-responders". Haloperidol induced an enhancement of serum PRL; the dopaminergic drugs, apomorphine, bromocriptine and lisuride inhibited basal PRL secretion. It seems that the TIDA system, in Parkinson disease is not significatively altered, even though presenting a remarkable slower response in "non-responders" to L-Dopa therapy. We also evaluated the effect of L-Dopa, L-Dopa + carbidopa, bromocriptine, lisuride, nomifensine and deprenyl on growth hormone secretion in six PP. The endocrine effects of dopaminergic drugs show a mild rise in comparison with controls suggesting an important alteration in the dopamine (DA) control of growth hormone (GH). PMID- 7264626 TI - Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease--an overview. AB - Among the white races, the prevalence rates of Parkinson's disease range from 66 to 187 per 100,000 population, through without any obvious geographical pattern. A similar variation is found in the annual incidence rates with estimates from 5 to 24 per 100,000 population. The black races may be partially protected against the disease. Both sexes are probably equally affected by the disease. Parkinson's disease usually begins after the age of 50 years, and the risk of the disease steeply rises with advancing age. Parkinson's disease is often omitted in death certificates; mortality rates with Parkinson's disease as an underlying cause of death vary from 0.5 to 3.8 per 100,000. Levodopa treatment, by reducing the excess mortality accompanying the natural course of Parkinson's disease, may increase the number of patients living with this disease in the near future. Postencephalitic Parkinson's disease, developing as a sequel to lethargic encephalitis and accounting for some two thirds of parkinsonian cases shortly after the epidemic, has probably been a transient phase in the epidemiology of Parkinson's disease and is now disappearing. Data from epidemiological investigations have advanced our understanding of the cause of Parkinson's disease only to a small extent. No other characteristic than race has been found to influence the susceptibility to the disease. The environmental risks for Parkinson's disease have not been unequivocally demonstrated. Highly conflicting information is available as to the contribution of hereditary to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Seroepidemiological investigations have shown an increased antibody response against herpes simplex virus in parkinsonian patients, but attempts to detect herpes virus specific products or DNA sequences in the brain material have been unsuccessful. PMID- 7264628 TI - Characterization of normal and supersensitive dopamine receptors: effects of ergot drugs and neuropeptides. AB - Dopamine receptors have been characterized by the use of radiolabelled dopamine agonists and antagonists. Using ibotenic acid induced lesions of the striatum, evidence was obtained that 3H-N-propylnorapomorphine (3H-NPA) binding sites and 3H-bromocriptine binding sites are located both on intrastriatal nerve cells and on extrinsic nerve terminals probably mainly originating in the cerebral cortex. Development of dopamine receptor supersensitivity as evaluated in 6 hydroxydopamine lesioned rats was associated with an 50% increase in the number of 3H-NPA binding sites in the striatum. Furthermore, one year following the 6 hydroxydopamine induced lesion of the dopamine pathways two binding sites for 3H NPA could be demonstrated in the striatum. However, at this time interval the total number of 3H-NPA binding sites was not increased. The functional significance of these two binding sites for 3H-NPA in the striatum is unknown, but they are probably coupled to the biological effector in view of the marked behavioural supersensitivity demonstrated in these old animals. The dopamine receptor agonists and especially the dopaminergic ergot derivatives have been characterized by studying their affinities for 3H-bromocriptine, 3H-spiperone, 3H ADTN and 3H-NPA binding sites in vitro. It is suggested that the Ki ratios for agonist and antagonist radioligands may be one useful way to characterize the agonist-antagonist character of the drug. Another important method is to study the effects of dopamine receptor agonists on the specific in vivo binding of 3H spiperone and 3H-NPA. The correlation analysis of DA agonist affinities for the four radioligands of DA receptors used in the present study give evidence for the existence of at least 3 types of DA receptors. Actions of dopaminergic ergot drugs have been evaluated at supersensitive dopamine receptors. The findings suggest that the shift to the left of the threshold dose to activate supersensitive dopamine receptors could be due to a lowering of the stereoselectivity of agonist interaction at the dopamine agonist sites of supersensitive dopamine receptors. Such a change may explain the highly preferential action of CF 25-397 at supersensitive dopamine receptors, since its affinity for 3H-NPA binding sites was not increased in the present experiments. In agreement with previous work, evidence have also been presented that prolonged treatment with a potent dopaminergic drug, pergolide, can produce a down regulation of normal dopamine receptors by reducing the density of such receptors. Evidence has also been presented that CCK-8 and the desulphated CCK-8 (10(-6) M) can in vitro reduce the number of 3H-NPA binding sites in the striatum. These results indicate that cholecystokinin peptides via activation of cholecystokinin receptors can regulate the movements of the 3H-NPA binding sites across the plane of the membrane in such a way as to make them less available to the external surface of the membrane... PMID- 7264627 TI - Treatment of Parkinson's disease: problems with a progressing disease. AB - Long-term follow-up of parkinsonian patients has shown that although levodopa treatment significantly improves the parkinsonian symptoms and the quality of life of parkinsonian patients for several years, various distressing difficulties arise during chronic levodopa treatment, such as the loss of benefit, dyskinesias, on-off phenomena, postural instability and dementia. Clinical, neuropsychological, mortality and post-mortem brain studies indicate that levodopa as a replacement therapy does not modify the progression of the underlying pathology and the natural course of the disease. It seems that levodopa has only a limited period of optimal usefulness in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, at present there is no better or more potent therapeutic agent available than levodopa and it is still the primary treatment of Parkinson's disease. It would be reasonable not to begin levodopa treatment in patients with mild symptoms but to withhold levodopa until the severity of symptoms really makes its use necessary. Thus it is possible to get the maximal long functional benefit. Post-mortem brain studies have shown that in Parkinson's disease there is not only a progressive loss of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons but there are also significant changes in the striatal dopamine receptors. In some patients a denervation supersensitivity seems to develop and in some others a loss of dopamine receptors in the striatum. However, in advanced parkinsonian patients with a deteriorating response to levodopa, there seem to be still enough dopamine receptors in the striatum for drugs stimulating the dopamine receptors directly to improve the parkinsonian disability. Indeed, recent evidence indicates that dopaminergic agonists, such as bromocriptine, seem to be a significant and valuable adjuvant therapy to levodopa in parkinsonian patients with a deteriorating response and/or the on-off phenomena. Although bromocriptine is not completely satisfactory, it is a significant opening to a new mode of treatment. In the future it will be very important to develop more potent and selective dopaminergic agonists affecting only those striatal receptors which are mainly responsible for the parkinsonian symptoms. Then a better therapeutic response is likely to occur and many central side effects can be avoided. Current difficulties in the management of Parkinson's disease greatly depend on the fact that we are dealing with a symptomatic therapy. It is hoped that future research will soon lead to a discovery of the primary cause and consequently to a causal therapy of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7264630 TI - Development of synaptic glycoproteins: effect of postnatal age on the synthesis and concentration of synaptic membrane and synaptic junctional fucosyl and sialyl glycoproteins. AB - Synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) and synaptic junctions (SJ) were isolated from the cortices of rats varying in age between 5 and 28 days. Gel electrophoresis of SPM and SJ indicated a marked increase in the concentration of the "PSD protein" (M. W. 52,000) with development. The biosynthesis of glycoproteins was measured following the intracranial injection of [3H]fucose or [3H]N'-acetylmannosamine. The incorporation of [3H]fucose into synaptic fractions decreased two- to threefold between 10 and 28 days whereas little change in the incorporation of [3H]N'-acetylmannosamine occurred over the same period. Gel electrophoretic analyses of labeled synaptic membranes indicated major increases in the relative incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 74,000, 65,000, 50,000, and 40,000 with increasing age. Identification of fucosyl and sialyl glycoproteins following reaction with 125I fucose-binding protein or labeling of sialic acid with NaIO4/NaB[3H4] demonstrated similar increases in the concentrations of these glycoproteins. Synaptic junctions contained three major glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 180,000, 130,000 and 110,000. The reaction of these glycoproteins with 125I-fucose-binding protein increased one- to twofold between 10 and 28 days but little variation in their relative distribution or synthesis occurred over this period. The reaction of synaptic junctional glycoproteins GP 180 and GP 110 with 125I-wheat germ agglutinin increased between 10 and 28 days. The results indicate that the molecular composition of the synapse continues to evolve after the initial synaptic contact has been formed. PMID- 7264629 TI - Effects of molybdate, sulfide, and tetrathiomolybdate on copper metabolism in rats. AB - Species differences in the response to dietary MoO4(2)- as a metabolic antagonist of Cu are considered briefly. Suggestions that (i) the potency of MoO4(2)- as a Cu antagonist is enhanced by normally innocuous dietary concentrations of S20 and (ii) that MoS4(2)- may be a more effective antagonist than either MoO4(2)- or S2- were investigated in a series of studies with rats. Diets including MoS4(2)- but not of MoO4(2)- or S2- alone promoted a decline in hepatic Cu and ceruloplasmin activity and induced clinical signs of Cu deficiency. Evidence of concurrent anomalies in the partition of Cu between tissues and in the distribution of Cu between proteins of plasma and kidney cytosol suggested that such effects were partly attributable to the development of systemic defects in Cu metabolism. The relationship of such findings to the suggested involvement of MoS4(2)- or its derivatives in the etiology of Mo-induced Cu deficiency in ruminant animals is considered. PMID- 7264632 TI - A rapid and simple method for the determination of picogram levels of 3 methoxytyramine in brain tissue using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A rapid and simple technique using solvent extraction, ion-pairing extraction, and high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection has been developed for the determination of 3-methoxytyramine in striata of rats killed by microwave irradiation. The method is specific and reproducible (coefficient of variation among replications, +/- 4%); recovery of authentic 3-methoxytyramine added to the samples is 45-50%. 3-Methoxytyramine levels found with this technique in rat striata were 15 +/- 1.7 ng/g. The method has a sensitivity of about 0.2 pmol per brain sample. Monoamine oxidase inhibition with pargyline increased 3-methoxytyramine levels in rat striata, while catechol-O methyltransferase inhibition with 3',4'-dihydroxy-2 methylpropiophenone completely depleted 3-methoxytyramine. The effects of nomifensine, quipazine, caroxazone, piribedil, and D-amphetamine were also examined. The 3 methoxytyramine concentrations in the brains of animals killed by decapitation or by microwave irradiation were compared. PMID- 7264631 TI - Cholesterol-esterifying enzymes in developing rat brain. PMID- 7264633 TI - A radioimmunoassay for ependymins beta and gamma: two goldfish brain proteins involved in behavioral plasticity. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) using 125I-labeled antigen was developed for the quantitative determination of two goldfish brain proteins (ependymins beta and gamma). The proteins were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cells of the ependymal zone surrounding goldfish brain ventricles. The turnover rates of beta and gamma were previously shown to be specifically enhanced after the animals successfully acquired a new pattern of swimming behavior. Femtomole quantities of ependymin beta were measurable by the RIA. In applications of the assay, beta and gamma ependymins were found to have common immunological properties, since 125I-beta-antigen bound to antibody could be displaced by unlabeled ependymin gamma as well as ependymin beta but not by a variety of other proteins including several purified glycoproteins isolated from goldfish brain. The ependymins were shown to constitute 14% of the total protein content of the brain extracellular fluid and also to be present as a minor component of the serum proteins (0.3%). Ependymins beta and gamma have an immunological reactivity in these fractions that can be increased by a factor of 30 on heating. The data suggest that the antigenicity of the molecules is highly masked, and that it may require some unraveling of the quaternary structure of the proteins before maximal interaction with the antisera becomes possible. PMID- 7264634 TI - Free sterols of the rabbit optic nerve and cerebral white matter during ontogenic development. AB - Free sterol composition of the developing rabbit optic nerve was compared with that of the homologous cerebral white matter at corresponding stages of ontogeny. The sterols were detected and identified by means of combined gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry. The following free sterols were found in both the optic nerve and cerebral white matter: cholesterol, desmosterol, lanosterol, two dimethylsterols, which are probably 4,4-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholest-8,24-diene-3 beta-ol, with a molecular weight of 412, and 4 alpha, 14 alpha-dimethyl-5 alpha cholest-7-ene-3 beta-ol, with a molecular weight of 414 and probably cholestene, with a molecular weight of 368. The sterol spectrum of the developing optic nerve differed not only from that of the mature nerve but also from that of age-matched white matter of the rabbit brain. The tri- and dimethyl-sterols, detected for the first time in the rabbit optic nerve and cerebral white matter, are natural components of the developing nervous tissue but they were not found in the mature nerve nor in cerebral white matter. PMID- 7264635 TI - Biochemical and immunological properties of the mouse brain enolases purified by a simple method. PMID- 7264636 TI - gamma-Aminobutyric acid concentration in cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenia. AB - gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration was determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of acute and chronic schizophrenic patients, in persons with psycho organic or personality disorders, and in nonpsychiatric controls. The mean CSF GABA level in the chronic schizophrenic patients was found to be significantly higher than in any of the other groups. No other statistically significant differences were found. Statistical analysis revealed that the elevated CSF GABA concentration in the chronic schizophrenic patients was unlikely to be caused by medication. These results are interpreted as evidence for possible primary or secondary GABAergic overactivity in the brain in chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 7264637 TI - Tissue choline studied using a simple chemical assay. AB - An enzymatic-radioisotopic assay was used to measure free choline in unextracted tissue. The lowest concentration of free choline in any tissue studied was present in human cerebrospinal fluid (mean, 5.7 microM; range, 1.8 + 31.2 microM). A postmortem increase in concentration of free choline occurred in blood (0.2 nmol/min.ml), kidney (13 nmol/min.g) and liver (22 nmol/min.g) of mice. The concentration of free choline in these tissues was estimated by extrapolation to be 5, 77, and 29 nmol/g (or ml), respectively. Several treatments were found to increase the concentration of free choline. For example, intraperitoneal administration of choline or 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol (a choline oxidase inhibitor) induced an increase in the level of choline i blood, kidneys, liver, and brain of mice, and administration of 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) caused an increase in kidney and liver choline. The level of choline in blood was increased when rats were treated orally with either antibiotics or esters of choline such as phosphorylcholine, glycerylphosphorylcholine, laroylcholine, or propionylcholine. The results show that the concentration of free choline may be regulated by intestinal metabolism, availability of esterified precursors, and activity of enzymes that metabolize choline. PMID- 7264638 TI - Turnover of myelin proteins of rat brain, determined in fractions separated by sedimentation in a continuous sucrose gradient. AB - Rats that received intracranial injections of [3H]leucine at 14 days of age were killed on days 17, 24, 38, 55, and 89 post-injection. Brains were homogenized and the myelin membranes separated in a sucrose density gradient. At day 17 sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gels of water-shocked, delipidated membrane fractions showed a difference in the specific activity of myelin proteins across the gradient. A decrease in specific activity was found in all of the proteins in the denser fractions, compared with the lighter fractions. As time after injection progressed, the difference became more pronounced; a two- to threefold decrease in specific activity was seen across the gradient in the various myelin proteins. The proteins of the lightest membrane fractions retained their high specific activity throughout the experiment in spite of extensive new myelin synthesis. Taking this new myelin into account, the decrease in specific activity in the denser myelin fractions could be explained by isotope dilution. Therefore, proteins present in at least some of the myelin are essentially stable. PMID- 7264639 TI - Regional and subcellular localization in rat brain of the enzymes that can synthesize gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. AB - Rat brain contains two major NADPH-linked aldehyde reductases that can reduce succinate semialdehyde to 4-hydroxybutyrate. One of these enzymes appears to be fairly specific for succinate semialdehyde and is not significantly inhibited by classic aldehyde reductase inhibitors such as barbiturates. The other enzyme can reduce several aromatic aldehydes and is strongly inhibited by barbiturates and branched-chain fatty acids. Using one such inhibitor, it was possible to distinguish between and measure the two enzyme activities separately in various rat brain regions and in subcellular fractions. Both enzymes are mainly cytoplasmic but there is some activity in the synaptosomal fraction. The activity of the specific succinic semialdehyde reductase is highest in the cerebellum, where it represents 21% of the total activity, and lowest in the cortex, where it represents about 11% of the total activity. PMID- 7264640 TI - Glutathione-S-transferase activity in the brain: species, sex, regional, and age differences. AB - Glutathione-S-transferase activity in the brain of male mammals (rat and mouse) was found to be relatively lower than in that of females. In contrast, the male aves (pigeon, kite, vulture, and crow) exhibited comparatively higher activity in brain glutathione-S-transferase than the corresponding females. Postnatal development of cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase activity in the rat brain was also investigated. The day-7 rats showed a low activity of 48 nmol/min/mg protein that gradually increased 3.2-fold over the age of 28 days. No striking differences in brain enzyme activities were observed between the 35- and 90-day old rats. Discrete brain regions of immature rats were found to possess considerable but lower quantities of glutathione-S-transferase activity than those of the adults. The activity increased with the onset of development and attained a steady state after 21 days of age. PMID- 7264642 TI - High- and low-affinity transport of D-glucose from blood to brain. AB - Measurements of the unidirectional blood-brain glucose flux in rat were incompatible with a single set of kinetic constants for transendothelial transport. At least two transfer mechanisms were present: a high-affinity, low capacity system, and a low-affinity, high-capacity system. The low-affinity system did not represent passive diffusion because it distinguished between D- and L-glucose. The Tmax and Km for the high-affinity system were 0.16 mmol 100 g 1 min-1 and 1 mM; for the low-affinity system, approximately 5 mmol 100 g-1 min-1 and approximately 1 M. With these values, physiological glucose concentrations were not sufficient to saturate the low-affinity system. In normoglycemia, therefore, three independent pathways of glucose transport from blood to brain appear to exist: a high-affinity facilitated diffusion pathway of apparent permeability 235 X 10(-7) cm s-1, a specific but nonsaturable diffusion pathway of permeability 85 x 10(-7) cm s-1, and a nonspecific passive diffusion pathway of permeability 2 x 10(-7) cm s-1. PMID- 7264641 TI - Brain regional distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase, choline acetyltransferase, and acetylcholinesterase in the rat: effects of chronic manganese chloride administration after two years. AB - Rats were treated chronically with manganese chloride from conception onward for a period of over 2 years in order to study the effects of manganese and aging on the activities of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in hypothalamus, cerebellum, pons and medulla, striatum, midbrain, and cerebral cortex (which included the hippocampus). Manganese-treated 2-month-old and 24- to 28-month-old rats and age matched controls were studied. In control rats during aging the activities of GAD decreased in hypothalamus (19%), pons and medulla (28%), and midbrain (22%) whereas the activities of AChE decreased in all regions (20-48%), particularly in the striatum (44-48%). Changes in ChAT activities in aging were observed only in one region-a decrease (23%) in the striatum. Life-long treatment with manganese appeared to abolish partially the decreases in aging in AChE activities in hypothalamus, cerebellum and striatum, and striatal ChAT activity. Manganese treatment also seemed to abolish the age-related decreases GAD activities, since GAD activities in various brain regions of manganese-treated senescent rats were not significantly different from those of control young rats. These results are discussed in relation to other metabolic changes associated with aging and manganese toxicity. PMID- 7264643 TI - A comparison of the polypeptide pattern between a brain primary culture and fractions of bulk-isolated glial cells. AB - This paper reports on the electrophoretic protein/polypeptide pattern of a rat brain primary culture. For comparison, the polypeptide pattern of neuronal and glial enriched fractions from adult rat brain and cerebral hemispheres from newborn and adult rat have been analysed. Water-soluble and SDS-extractable polypeptide fractions appeared and/or increased in amount in the cultures until confluency. The polypeptide pattern of the cultures most resembled that of the glial cell fractions, showing some of this fraction's specificity. Removal of fetal calf serum and addition of 0.1 mM-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dB-cAMP) produced few changes in the electrophoretic pattern. The study thus provides evidence in favour of the astroglial nature of the brain primary culture. It also shows that the cells undergo some maturation in the culture. PMID- 7264644 TI - Effect of alpha-methylphenylalanine and phenylalanine on brain polyribosomes and protein synthesis. AB - A chronic hyperphenylalanemia was effectively produced in developing mice by daily administrations of phenylalanine (2 mg/g body wt) and a phenylalanine hydroxylase inhibitor alpha-methyl-D,L-phenylalanine (0.43 mg/g body wt). The presence of alpha-methylphenylalanine in newborn mice inhibited 65-70% of hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase activity within 12 h. Since this maximum inhibition persisted for 24 h or longer, decreased enzyme activity was maintained by daily administrations. Whereas concentrations of phenylalanine increased approximately 40-fold in both plasma and brain following injection of alpha-methylphenylalanine and phenylalanine, plasma levels of tyrosine were not altered significantly. Concomitant with changes in phenylalanine concentrations we observed the brain polyribosomes' disaggregation, which reached a maximum 3 h after injection and persisted as long as 18 h. Polyribosomes did not become refractory to as many as 10 daily injections of alpha-methylphenylalanine and phenylalanine. In addition to polyribosome disaggregation, chronic hyperphenylalanemia reduced the rates of polypeptide chain elongation on polyribosomes isolated from brain homogenates. PMID- 7264646 TI - Turnover of free sialic acid, CMP-sialic acid, and bound sialic acid in rat brain. AB - Adult male rats were injected intraventricularly with N-[3H]acetylmannosamine. After different time intervals the rats were killed and free sialic acid, CMP sialic acid, lipid- and protein-bound sialic acid were isolated from brain and the specific radioactivities determined. Maximal specific radioactivity was reached after approximately 4 h for CMP-sialic acid, after 10-12 h for free sialic acid and after approximately 42 h for lipid- and protein-bound sialic acid. After some days the specific radioactivities of all four pools were the same and decreased equally, with a calculated turnover rate of approximately 3.5 weeks. The conclusion was that this phenomenon was the result of reutilisation of sialic acid and/or precursors. Therefore, the calculated turnover is not the turnover of bound sialic acid, but merely the rate of leakage of sialic acid and/or precursors out of the brain, so that no real turnover can be measured by this method. The first few hours after injection the specific radioactivity of CMP-sialic acid rose above that of free sialic acid. It is supposed that a compartmentalization exists of free sialic acid. The newly synthesised sialic acid molecules are not secreted into the cytoplasmic pool but are preferentially used for the synthesis of CMP-sialic acid. The results and conclusions are discussed in view of the general problems concerning turnover measurements of glycoconjugates. PMID- 7264645 TI - Myo-inositol turnover in the intact rat brain: increased production after d amphetamine. AB - Apparent turnover of myo-inositol in the brain of urethane-anesthetized rats was estimated in vivo from the rate of appearance of endogenous myo-inositol in the cerebroventricular compartment. Ventricular-cisternal perfusion technique combined with isotope dilution of [14C]myo-inositol was used to determine the rate of appearance of brain-produced myo-inositol and its modification by d amphetamine. A mean value of 0.75 nmol/min was obtained for the rate of appearance in the cerebroventricular system. A dose-dependent increase in this rate was seen after the administration of d-amphetamine. The endogenous removal of myo-inositol from the perfusate was also studied and found to be mediated in part by a saturable transport system that was not influenced by d-amphetamine. The rate of entry of myo-inositol from blood to the cerebroventricular system was very low and accounted for only 2% of the total rate of appearance, indicating that the majority of myo-inositol in the rat cerebroventricular fluid originates in the brain. PMID- 7264647 TI - Free fatty acids in the rat brain in moderate and severe hypoxia. AB - The effects of mild, moderate, and severe hypoxia on cerebral cortical concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) were investigated in artificially ventilated rats under nitrous oxide anaesthesia. No change occurred during either mild (arterial PO2 35-40 mm Hg) or moderate (PO2 25-30 mm Hg) hypoxia. The effects of severe hypoxia (PO2 about 20 mm Hg) combined with hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure 80-85 mm Hg) varied with the EEG pattern and the tissue energy state. Thus, a major increase in total as well as in individual FFAs occurred first when EEG was severely depressed (almost isoelectric) and energy homeostasis disrupted. On a relative basis the greatest change occurred in free arachidonic acid. It is concluded tha hypoxia is associated with an increase in the concentrations of FFAs in brain tissue, provided that tissue oxygen deficiency is severe enough to cause tissue energy failure. However, an increase in FFAs does not invariably accompany minor reductions in the adenylate energy charge (EC) of the tissue. PMID- 7264648 TI - Characterisation of inhibitory 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors that modulate dopamine release in the striatum. AB - The effect of a series of indoleamines on the potassium-evoked tritium release of previously accumulated [3H]dopamine from rat striatal slices has been investigated. The indoleamines 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-methoxytryptamine, 5 methoxy-N,N'-dimethyltryptamine and tryptamine (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) all reduced potassium-evoked release of tritium, to a maximum of 50%. The uptake of [3H]dopamine was unaffected by these compounds. A series of 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists were examined for their ability to reduce the inhibition of potassium evoked tritium release induced by 5-methoxytryptamine. The relative order of antagonist potency obtained was methysergide greater than metergoline greater than methiothepin greater than cinanserin greater than cyproheptadine greater than mianserin, and was consistent with an action on 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. It is concluded that there are inhibitory 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors located on the terminals of dopaminergic neurones in the striatum. PMID- 7264649 TI - Effect of inhibitors of GABA aminotransferase on the metabolism of GABA in brain tissue and synaptosomal fractions. AB - Five inhibitors of the GABA degrading enzyme GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T), viz., gabaculine, gamma-acetylenic GABA, gamma-vinyl GABA, ethanolamine O sulphate, and aminooxyacetic acid, as well as GABA itself and the antiepileptic sodium valproate were administered to mice in doses equieffective to raise the electroconvulsive threshold by 30 V. The animals were killed at the time of maximal anticonvulsant effect of the respective drugs and GABA, GABA-T and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) were determined in whole brain and synaptosomes, respectively. The synaptosomal fraction was prepared from brain by conventional ultracentrifugation procedures. All drugs studied brought about significant increases in both whole brain and synaptosomal GABA concentrations, and, except GABA itself, inhibited the activity of GABA-T. Furthermore, all drugs, except GABA and gamma-acetylenic GABA, activated GAD in the synaptosomal fraction. This was most pronounced with ethanolamine O-sulphate, which induced a twofold activation of this enzyme but exerted only a weak inhibitory effect on GABA-T. The results suggest that activation of GAD is an important factor in the mechanism by which several inhibitors of GABA-T and also valproate increase GABA concentrations in nerve terminals, at least in the relatively non-toxic doses as used in this study. PMID- 7264650 TI - The Na+ and K+ content of isolated Torpedo synaptosomes and its effect on choline uptake. AB - The Na+ and K+ concentrations in isolated Torpedo marmorata synaptosomes were determined. Synaptosomes made according to the method of Israel et al. have high internal Na+ (290 mM) and low internal K+ (30 mM) concentrations. Modification of the homogenisation media permitted the isolation of synaptosomes which could maintain transmembrane ion gradients (internal Na+, 96 mM; K+, 81 mM); 0.1 mM ouabain abolished these gradients. The trans-membrane Na+ gradient started to dissipate after 15 min at 20 degrees C. Inclusion of ATP in the homogenisation medium enabled the synaptosomes to maintain the Na+ gradient for about 90 min. The presence of these transmembrane ion gradients stimulated choline uptake sevenfold. It is concluded that (a) by selecting the isolation media, Torpedo synaptosomes can be prepared with transmembrane ion gradients; (b) these gradients are ouabain-sensitive and stimulate choline uptake; (c) the synaptosomes require additional ATP to maintain the ion gradients. PMID- 7264651 TI - Characteristics of the inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase in vitro by MD780515. AB - The inhibiton of type A and B MAO in rat forebrain crude membrane preparation by MD780515, (3-(4-[(3-cyanophenyl)methoxy]phenyl)-5-(methoxymethyl)-2-oxazolidinone Centre de Recherche Delalande, France) has been investigated in vitro with 5 hydroxytryptamine and beta-phenylethylamine as substrates. The inhibition of the high-affinity binding of [3H]harmaline, a specific marker of type A MAO, was also studied. In the experimental conditions used, MD780515 appeared to be a pure mixed MAO inhibitor (MAOI) of 5-HT deamination, both Km and Vmax being altered [Ki (Dixon) = Ki, (slope) = 2 nM; Ki (intercept) = 12 nM]. Phenylethylamine oxidation could be considered to be noncompetitively inhibited by MD780515 (Ki (slope) = 78 nM; Ki (intercept) = 103 nM). Dixon and intercept replots were hyperbolic, suggesting that, at high concentrations, PEA could be deaminated by both forms of MAO. This hypothesis was confirmed by biphasic inhibition curves of 80 microM-PEA obtained when MD780515, clorgyline, harmaline and deprenyl were used at MAOIs. MD780515 was a potent inhibitor (IC50 = 1-2 nM) of [3H]harmaline binding. Comparatively, clorgyline, 'cold' harmaline and Lilly 51641 inhibited 3H ligand binding, with IC50 of 5, 7 and 40 nM respectively. In conclusion, MD780515 is a reversible, specific and potent type A MAOI. PMID- 7264652 TI - Solubilization of the picrotoxinin binding receptor from mammalian brain. AB - The binding sites for alpha-dihydropicrotoxinin (DHP), which is a ligand for the picrotoxin-sensitive component at the benzodiazepine-gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-ionophore complex, has been solubilized from rat brain, using 1% Lubrol. A new assay, which involves precipitation of the [3H]DHP-soluble protein complex by gamma-globulin and polyethylene glycol (PEG), followed by centrifugation, is described. The solubilized material bound DHP to two sites with apparent affinities of 0.038 and 1.85 microM. The binding of DHP to the solubilized receptors was inhibited by convulsant and depressant drugs with potencies similar to those required for membrane receptors. The ability of barbiturates to inhibit DHP binding to both solubilized and membrane receptors strongly suggests that barbiturates may interact with the picrotoxin binding component. These data suggest that ligand recognition properties of the picrotoxinin binding are not altered by solubilization. The binding was abolished by urea and partially destroyed by heating the soluble extract at 65 degrees C for 30 min. This new method of measuring the binding of ligands to the solubilized receptors by PEG centrifugation might be used successfully in other solubilization studies. PMID- 7264653 TI - Light-stimulated release of taurine from retinas of kainic acid-treated chicks. AB - The light-stimulated release of [3H]taurine from chick retina was studied in chicks intraocularly injected with kainic acid (60 nmol). This treatment produced a loss of more than 80% of the inner nuclear and the inner synaptic layers, sparing the outer retinal layers. Concomitantly, the treatment produced a marked decrease of endogenous GABA and glycine but not of taurine. The activity of glutamate decarboxylase was also markedly decreased in the kainic acid-treated retinas. The release of [3H]taurine, either spontaneous or stimulated by light, was unaffected by the treatment. These results suggest that the light-stimulated efflux of taurine occurs from the retinal layers which are not affected by the kainic acid treatment. PMID- 7264654 TI - Presence of radiolabelled metabolites in release studies using [3H]gamma aminobutyric acid. AB - Most studies on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from nervous tissue have been conducted using radiolabelled GABA in the presence of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) to inhibit GABA: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GABA-T) to prevent conversion of labelled GABA to labelled catabolites. Here we present data showing that even in the presence of 10 microM-AOAA the spontaneous release of tritium from rat cortical synaptosomes prelabelled with 2,3-[3H]GABA is mainly in the form of tritiated water but that the increase in tritium release in the presence of unlabelled GABA or high potassium-ion concentrations is in the form of authentic [3H]GABA. Interpretation of results should take these facts into account. PMID- 7264655 TI - Inhibition of aminopeptidase and acetylcholinesterase by puromycin and puromycin analogs. AB - Puromycin analogs in which the o-methyl-L-tyrosine moiety was substituted by a number of amino acids were examined as inhibitors of the puromycin-sensitive rat brain aminopeptidase and bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. In the case of the aminopeptidase, the structure and stereochemistry of the amino acid substituent were important factors in determining inhibitor effectiveness. In the case of the acetylcholinesterase reaction, the aminonucleoside of puromycin was nearly as effective an inhibitor as puromycin itself, with little effect dependent of the nature or stereochemistry of the amino acid. PMID- 7264656 TI - Identification of strychnine binding sites in the rat retina. AB - [3H]Strychnine specifically binds to membrane fractions isolated from rat retinae. The binding is saturable, with an apparent dissociation constant, KD, of 14.3 x 10(-9) M and 205 fmol bound/mg protein. Specific binding is time-dependent and proportional to protein concentration. Glycine and taurine are equally potent inhibitors of [3H]strychnine binding (Ki = 4 x 10(-5) M); no other amino acids endogenously present in the retina inhibited [3H]strychnine binding. PMID- 7264657 TI - The interaction of transport and metabolism on brain glucose utilization: a reevaluation of the lumped constant. AB - The relative cerebral cortical metabolism of glucose (GLU) and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DG) was measured in vivo in control and insulin-treated hypoglycemic rats. The ratio of the utilization rate constants for the two hexoses, i.e., KDG/KGLU is defined as the Hexose Utilization Index (HUI). The HUI was found to be invariant in rats whose cerebral glucose content exceeded 1 mumol . g-1 wet weight (HUI = 0.48 +/- 0.07). Severe hypoglycemia (plasma glucose less than 2 mM) effected a shift in the HUI to 1.04 +/- 0.21. The results are consistent with a model in which the interpretation of the HUI is determined by the rate of transport into brain, or subsequent phosphorylation, as the rate-limiting step for hexose utilization. PMID- 7264658 TI - Distribution of specific high-affinity binding sites for [3H]imipramine in human brain. AB - [3H]Imipramine binds with high affinity to membranes from different regions of the human brain. The highest density of binding sites was observed in the hypothalamus and substantia nigra and the lowest density in the white matter and cerebellum. As found in rat brain, tricyclic antidepressant drugs are potent inhibitors of [3H]imipramine binding. Atypical antidepressants are, however, much weaker at inhibiting the specific binding. The [3H]imipramine binding site in human cortex is apparently identical to the site already described in the rat brain and in human platelets. PMID- 7264659 TI - Lipid metabolism in peripheral nerve cell culture (rich in Schwann cells) from normal and trembler mice. AB - A culture of peripheral nerve cells, very rich in Schwann cells, was developed from sciatic nerve. In both normal and Trembler, typical spindle-shaped cells were seen; most of the cells were surrounded by basement membrane-like material (predominantly in-between adjacent cells). In Trembler cells, cultivated in the presence of labelled acetate, the fatty acids were slightly altered; phosphatidylcholine was slightly reduced and phosphatidylethanolamine increased. Sulfatides were increased four times. PMID- 7264661 TI - Cation dependence of hypotaurine uptake in mouse brain slices. AB - Mouse brain slices take up hypotaurine (2-aminoethanesulphinic acid) from medium by means of two concentrative low- and high-affinity transport systems. [35S]Hypotaurine uptake by the slices was significantly reduced in the absence of external potassium, calcium, or magnesium ions. An excess of potassium ions also inhibited hypotaurine uptake by one-half. Uptake was almost completely abolished on removal of sodium ions. The Km constants for both low- and high-affinity transport components increased in a low-sodium medium, suggesting that sodium ions are required when hypotaurine is attached to its possible carrier sites in plasma membranes. Sodium ions also mimicked allosteric effectors of hypotaurine transport, showing positive cooperativity. More than two sodium ions may be involved in the transport of one hypotaurine molecule across the cell membrane. The calculated activation energies of transport were fairly similar in normal and sodium-deficient media and thus sodium ions may not participate in the activation mechanisms of the transport. With respect to cation dependence, hypotaurine transport in brain slices exhibits features characteristic of neurotransmitter amino acids. PMID- 7264660 TI - Highly sensitive assay for dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in human cerebrospinal fluid by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection: properties of the enzyme. AB - This paper describes a new, sensitive assay for dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum and brain tissues by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ED). Dopamine (DA) was used as a substrate and was incubated under optimal conditions. Norepinephrine (NE) formed enzymatically from DA was isolated by a double-column procedure, the first column of Dowex-50-H+ and the second column of aluminum oxide. NE was adsorbed on the second aluminum oxide column and then eluted with 0.5 M-hydrochloric acid and assayed by HPLC-ED. Epinephrine (EN) was added to each incubation mixture as an internal standard, and this assay was therefore highly reproducible. The peak height in HPLC was linear from 500 fmol to 100 pmol of NE and EN. The lower limit of detection for NE formed enzymatically was about 30 pmol, which indicated that the sensitivity of this procedure was comparable to that of radioassay procedures. We applied the method to measurement of the activity of and examination of some of the characteristics of DBH in human CSF. DBH activity in CSF of Parkinsonian patients was lower than that of control patients. The properties of DBH in human CSF were similar to those in serum and adrenal medulla. PMID- 7264662 TI - Oxygen dependence of glucose and acetylcholine metabolism in slices and synaptosomes from rat brain. AB - Previous studies have shown that a reduction in the O2 tension of the blood from 120 torr to 57 torr (hypoxic hypoxia) decreases brain acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis. To determine if this decrease is due to a direct impairment of ACh metabolism or to an indirect effect mediated by other neurotransmitter systems, we studied ACh formation in rat brain slices and synaptosomes. At O2 tensions ranging from 760 to less than 1 torr, 14CO2 production and [14C]ACh synthesis from [U-14C]glucose, the levels of lactate and ATP, and the ATP/ADP ratio were determined. In slices, the first decreases were observed in the rate of 14CO2 production and [14C]ACh synthesis at an O2 tension of 152 torr. The ATP level started to decline at 53-38 torr, and a reduction in the ATP/ADP ratio was first found at and below 19 torr. Lactate formation was maximally stimulated at 38-19 torr. Synaptosomes responded differently than brain slices to reduced O2 tensions. In synaptosomes, 14CO2 production and [14C]ACh synthesis from [U 14C]glucose, the levels of lactate and ATP, and the ATP/ADP ratio were unaltered if a minimum O2 tension of 19 torr was maintained. Despite the difference in sensitivities to decreases in O2 levels, there is a curvilinear relationship between [U-14C]glucose decarboxylation and [14C]ACh synthesis at various O2 tensions for both tissue preparations with a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.970). The difference in the metabolic sensitivity of slices and synaptosomes to a reduced O2 level may be explained by the greater distance O2 must diffuse in slices. The results are discussed in comparison with hypoxia in vivo. PMID- 7264664 TI - Differences in the structure of A and B forms of human monoamine oxidase. AB - [3H]Pargyline-labeled polypeptides associated with the A and B types of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in human tissues were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). [3H]Pargyline was bound to MAO A in a crude mitochondrial fraction from the placental trophoblast of a male newborn and to MAO B in blood platelets from the umbilical vein of the same newborn. [3H]Pargyline was also bound to MAO A and B in a crude mitochondrial fraction from cultured skin fibroblasts of a male adult and to MAO B in blood platelets from the same individual. Specific labeling of proteins associated with type A or type B activity in fibroblast cells was achieved by preincubation with selective B or A inhibitors, respectively. For all tissues, SDS-PAGE of [3H]pargyline-bound samples revealed a labeled protein band of apparent molecular weight 63,000 for MAO A and 60,000 for MAO B. When SDS-solubilized, [3H]pargyline labeled MAO A and B proteins from the same male newborn were subjected to limited proteolysis and one-dimensional peptide mapping in SDS gels, different patterns of [3H]pargyline-labeled peptides were obtained. These findings indicate that distinct enzyme molecules are associated with the A and B types of human MAO activity. PMID- 7264663 TI - Homologous mammalian brain cell lysate system for the initiation and translation of exogenous mRNAs. PMID- 7264665 TI - alpha-Hydroxylation of fatty acids in brain: characterization of heat-labile factor. AB - The particulate fraction, heat-labile factor, heat-stable factor, and NADPH are essential for the conversion of lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid) to cerebronic acid (alpha-hydroxylignoceric acid). The heat-labile factor was extracted from calf cerebellum and partially purified in four steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydroxylapatite chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and NAD-Agarose affinity chromatography. The specific activity of the heat-labile factor was increased 105-fold during the last three steps, with a yield of 37% of the activity. One major and several minor bands were visible when the preparation was examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Coomassie blue staining. The major band corresponded to a protein of molecular weight 32,700, and the minor bands corresponded to proteins of molecular weights 62,000 and 67,000. The activity was lost when the heat-labile factor was incubated with 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide. This inhibition was prevented by preincubating the heat-labile factor with 1 mM-NADH. These observations indicate that the heat-labile factor contains a sulfhydryl group which is essential for activity, and that it is located at or near the binding site for the pyridine nucleotide. PMID- 7264666 TI - On the specificity of 125-I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding to axonal membranes. AB - 125I-alpha-Bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT) was used to characterize the binding sites for cholinergic ligands in lobster walking leg nerve membranes. The toxin binding component has been visualized histochemically on the external surfaces of intact axons and isolated axonal membrane fragments. Binding of alpha-BGT to nerve membrane preparations was demonstrated to be saturable and highly reversible (KappD congruent to 1.7 +/- 0.32 X 10(-7) M; Bmax congruent to 249 +/- 46 pmol/mg protein) at pH 7.8, 10 mM-Tris buffer. Binding showed a marked sensitivity to ionic strength that was attributable to the competitive effects of inorganic cations (particularly Ca2+ and Mg2+) in the medium. 125I-alpha-BGT binding could be inhibited by cholinergic drugs (atropine congruent to d-tubocurarine greater than nicotine greater than carbamylcholine congruent to choline) and local anesthetics (procaine greater that tetracaine congruent to lidocaine), but was unaffected by other neuroactive compounds tested (e.g., tetrodotoxin, 4 aminopyridine, quinuclidinyl benzilate, octopamine, bicuculline, haloperidol, ouabain). The pharmacological sensitivity of toxin binding resembles that of nicotine binding to axonal membranes, but differs significantly from nicotinic cholinergic receptors described in neuromuscular junctions, fish electric organs, sympathetic ganglia, and the CNS. The possible physiological relevance of the axonal cholinergic binding component and its relationship to alpha-BGT binding sites in other tissues are discussed. PMID- 7264667 TI - Changes in particulate neuraminidase activity during normal and staggerer mutant mouse development. AB - The activity of particulate neuraminidase (sialidase, EC 3.2.1.18) in wild-type mice and the neurological mutant Staggerer was studied during development. Peak activity of this enzyme was observed at postnatal day 3 (P3) in three tissues of normal mice: cerebellum, cerebrum, and liver. In Staggerer, however, neuraminidase peak activity was observed at P27 in the cerebellum, whereas the activity was close to normal in Staggerer cerebrum and liver. Activities of the other glycosidases in Staggerer (alpha-glucosidase (pH 3.7), alpha-glucosidase (pH 6.0), N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase, beta-glucosidase, and beta-galactosidase) did not show significant variation compared with wild-type at P27 in any of the three tissues. This indicates that the late activity peak of particulate neuraminidase activity in the Staggerer cerebellum is neuraminidase-specific and not due to a general increase of lysosomal enzymes. PMID- 7264668 TI - Interaction between the oxygen and tryptophan dependence of synaptosomal tryptophan hydroxylase. AB - The substrate dependence of tryptophan hydroxylase activity in rat striatal synaptosomes was examined. The Km for tryptophan in air to 8--13 microM, comparable to the concentration present in cerebrospinal fluid. The reaction is inhibited by amino acids with large nonpolar side chains. For leucine the inhibition appears competitive; it results from a decrease in the steady state levels of intrasynaptosomal tryptophan. The oxygen Km at 10 microM-tryptophan is 3--4 mm Hg, which is increased when the reaction is assayed with low levels of tryptophan in the medium, and in the presence of amino acids such as leucine. Similarly, the tryptophan Km is increased at low oxygen tensions; at 9 mm Hg of oxygen it is 23 microM. These interactions between tryptophan and oxygen dependence of the reaction are discussed in terms of likely physiological significance and implications for the pharmacological use of tryptophan. PMID- 7264669 TI - Identification and determination of tele-methylhistamine in cerebrospinal fluid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - The presence of tele-methylhistamine in human cerebrospinal fluid has been established. The concentration was determined with the use of deuterated tele methylhistamine. The preparation of the deuterated standard is described. The concentration range in samples from neuropsychiatric patients was 0.1--2.5 ng/ml. The structure of the pentafluoropropionyl derivative used for gas chromatography was studied with the aid of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 7264670 TI - Acetylcholine incorporation by cholinergic synaptic vesicles from Torpedo marmorata. AB - The ability of cholinergic vesicles to incorporate acetylcholine (ACh) was studied using highly purified synaptic vesicles from Torpedo electric organ. Depleted vesicles were capable of rapidly taking up exogenous ACh. Evidence that this represented true incorporation was that labelled ACh comigrated with vesicular ATP on gel filtration and that vesicle-associated ACh was protected against enzymatic hydrolysis and was releasable under hypoosmotic conditions. The total amount of ACh incorporated depended on the ACh concentration up to 100 mM. A sudden fall in the external ACh concentration did not cause leakage of the ACh incorporated in vitro. Preliminary results indicated that retention of ACh inside the vesicle was pH-dependent. Choline was also taken up by vesicles, but the time pattern strongly suggested that it was not being retained. The magnitude of ach incorporation was estimated with respect to the intravesicular space. PMID- 7264671 TI - Deanol affects choline metabolism in peripheral tissues of mice. AB - Administration of 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) to mice induced an increase in both the concentration and the rate of turnover of free choline in blood. Treatment with deanol also caused an increase in the concentration of choline in kidneys, and markedly inhibited the rates of oxidation and phosphorylation of intravenously administered [3H-methyl]choline. In the liver, deanol inhibited the rate of phosphorylation of [3H-methyl]choline, but did not inhibit its rate of oxidation or cause an increase in the level of free choline. These findings suggest that deanol increases the choline concentration in blood by inhibition of its metabolism in tissues. Deanol may ultimately produce its central cholinergic effects by inhibition of choline metabolism in peripheral tissues, causing free choline choline to accumulate in blood, enter the brain, and stimulate cholinergic receptors. PMID- 7264672 TI - Muscarinic receptors in chromaffin cell cultures mediate enhanced phospholipid labeling but not catecholamine secretion. AB - The addition of either carbachol or muscarinic agonists to cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells results in a selective stimulation of phosphatidate (PhA) and phosphatidylinositol (PhI) labeling from 32Pi and [3H]glycerol that can be inhibited by the inclusion of atropine, but not d-tubocurarine. In contrast, increased catecholamine secretion is observed on the addition of carbachol or nicotinic agonists and is inhibited by d-tubocurarine but not by atropine. Added calcium is essential for catecholamine secretion but not for stimulated phospholipid labeling. Chelation of endogenous Ca2+ with EGTA does, however, inhibit the stimulated phospholipid labeling. These results suggest that stimulated phospholipid labeling in the bovine chromaffin cell and catecholamine secretion are separate and distinct processes. PMID- 7264673 TI - Glycolytic, pentose-phosphate shunt and transaminase enzymes in gastrocnemius muscle, liver, heart, and brain of two mouse mutants, 129 J-dy and A2g-adr, with abnormal muscle function. AB - Aldolase and phosphoglycerate kinase activity were markedly reduced in muscle from two mouse mutants, 129 J-dy and A2G-adr, with abnormal muscle development. The pentose-phosphate shunt enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, were both greatly increased in the gastrocnemius of 129 J-dy mice, but only the former was slightly increased in A2G-adr muscle. Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities were normal or low in 129 J-dy muscle but increased to approximately 200% in A2G-adr muscle. Liver from 129 J-dy mice showed increased activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. These findings are compatible with the well-recognised lipid involvement in the 129 J dy mutant but indicate that an abnormality of amino acid metabolism in relation to energy supply is probably more important in the A2G-adr mutant. PMID- 7264674 TI - Brain tubulin microheterogeneity in the mouse during development and aging. AB - Mouse brain tubulin was analyzed on isoelectric focusing gels. High-resolution gels utilizing Bio-Rad ampholytes (pH 4--6) revealed 5--6 bands in the region corresponding to the alpha-subunit of tubulin and 10 or more for the beta subunit. The same general banding pattern was observed regardless of the method of preparation of the tubulin. Two species prominent in the brains of immature mice, alpha 6 and beta 2, virtually disappeared during maturation, while species beta 6 to beta 10 appeared. No significant changes from the mature pattern were seen during aging (examined at 12, 23, and 30 months of age). PMID- 7264675 TI - Elevated amounts of protein in C6 glial cells during the growth-inhibitory response elicited by dexamethasone. AB - Dexamethasone suppresses C6 glial cell proliferation in vitro. This growth inhibitory response is accompanied by elevated amounts of acid-insoluble protein in the steroid-treated cells relative to controls. These results provide additional evidence that the glucocorticoid acts to arrest C6 cell proliferation in G2. PMID- 7264676 TI - The amino acid sequence of the tryptophan-containing subunit (alpha-subunit) of bovine brain S-100 protein. AB - The tryptophan-containing subunit (alpha-subunit) of bovine brain S-100 protein was purified from a S-aminoethyl derivative of S-100a protein, and its amino acid sequence was determined. The alpha-subunit contained 93 residues, including one tryptophan, and had a molecular weight of 10,400. The sequence shows an extensive homology (58% identity) to the sequence of another "tryptophan-free" subunit (beta-subunit) found in both S-100a and S-100b protein, and has a calcium binding site characteristic of the "E-F hand" proteins, such as calmodulin or troponin C. The tryptophan residue is located at position 90 which is presumably adjacent to the C-terminal end of the alpha-helix following the calcium binding loop, and thus appears likely to serve as a specific probe in structure-function studies of S-100 protein. PMID- 7264677 TI - Evidence for neuronal localization of histamine-N-methyltransferase in rat brain. AB - There is evidence that histamine may be a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. Histamine in neurons of the central nervous system is easily released and rapidly turned over. The cellular localization of histamine-N-methyltransferase, the proposed histamine-inactivating enzyme, was investigated by measuring its activity in rat striatum after applying neurochemical or electrolytic lesions. The results indicate a major neuronal localization of the enzyme in this area. PMID- 7264678 TI - Soularubinone, a new antileukemic quassionoid from Soulamea tomentosa. AB - The structure of soularubinone 3, a new antileukemic quassinoid isolated from the leaves of Soulamea tomentosa (Brongn, and Gris), has been established by spectral and chemical methods. It has been shown to be the C-15 beta-hydroxy-isovaleric ester of glaucarubolone. Soularubinone shows significant antineoplastic activity against mouse leukemia P-388 and inhibits cell transformation induced by Rous sarcoma virus. The known quassinoid chaparrinone I has also been isolated. PMID- 7264679 TI - Catharanthus alkaloids. XXXIV. Catharanthamine, a new antitumor bisindole alkaloid from Catharanthus roseus. PMID- 7264680 TI - 19-Hydroxybaccatin III, 10-deacetylcephalomannine, and 10-deacetyltaxol: new antitumor taxanes from Taxus wallichiana. AB - Activity-guided, chromatographic fractionation for a polar extract of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. (originally identified as Cephalotaxus mannii Hook.) resulted in the isolation of three new KB cytotoxic taxane derivatives. Nmr and ms spectral analyses permitted their characterization as 19-hydroxybaccatin III (3), 10-deacetylcephalomannine (4), and 10-deacetyltaxol (5). The latter two compounds, which are also active against PS leukemia in vivo, were observed to be especially labile, each forming equilibrium mixtures with their cytotoxic C-7 epimers (9, 10). PMID- 7264681 TI - The isolation and identification of several trichothecene mycotoxins from Fusarium heterosporum. AB - An isolate of Fusarium heterosporum Nees ex Fr. that parasitizes the honeydew and immature sclerotia of Claviceps paspali was shown to be highly toxigenic to day old chickens. The major toxicity of culture extracts of the fungus was due to the presence of several trichothecene mycotoxins. Six trichothecenes were isolated and chemically identified by spectroscopic methods as T-2 toxin (1), HT-2 toxin (2), T-2 tetraol (6), 3alpha,4beta,dihydroxy-15-acetoxy-8alpha-(3-hydroxy-3 methylbutyryloxy)-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (3), 3alpha,4beta,15-trihydroxy 8alpha-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyryloxy)-12,13-epoxytri chothec-9-ene (5), and 3alpha,4beta,8alpha-trihydroxy-15-acetoxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (4). The acute toxicities of the trichothecenes were compared to the effects of T-2 toxin in day-old chickens and on the back skins of rabbits. The comparative inhibitory effects of the trichothecene mycotoxins in the Triticum coleoptile bioassays were also determined. PMID- 7264682 TI - Catharanthus alkaloids. XXXVI. Isolation of vincaleukoblastine (VLB) and periformyline from Catharanthus trichophyllus and pericyclivine from Catharanthus roseus. PMID- 7264683 TI - Age and type of aphasia in patients with stroke. AB - The age and gender of a series of patients with different types of aphasia were analysed. Regardless of gender, patients with Broca and conduction aphasias were significantly younger than those with Wernicke and global aphasias. Considering the established cerebral localisation of each of those aphasia types, it appears that, with age, stroke in the territory of the middle cerebral artery will tend to either shift posteriorly (producing Wernicke aphasia) or occupy most of the middle cerebral artery territory (producing global aphasia). But in the absence of concurrent verification of the locus of lesion in each of the cases in our sample, a possible alternative hypothesis must be entertained: that there might be age-related changes in the neurophysiological mechanism subserving language, such that some types of aphasia would tend to be more prevalent with age, regardless of lesion location. PMID- 7264685 TI - Space "phobia": a pseudo-agoraphobic syndrome. AB - Space phobia in 13 patients is described with features distinct from agoraphobia. Its hallmark is fear of absent visuospatial support (open spaces) and of falling, unlike the fear of public places found in agoraphobia. Other distinctions are the much later mean age of onset (55 years compared with 24 years), rarity of depression or free floating anxiety, limited response to treatment by exposure in vivo, and the frequent presence of diverse neurological and cardiovascular disorders which can progress until the patient is confined to a wheelchair. Space phobia may indicate disturbed integration of vestibulo-ocular reflexes due to diverse lesions in the neck or more centrally. Better understanding of the pathogenesis may illuminate how anxiety produces some physical symptoms. PMID- 7264684 TI - Environmental reduplication associated with right frontal and parietal lobe injury. AB - Four patients with environmental reduplication, a specific form of spatial disorientation and confabulation are described. The patients maintained that their hospital rooms were located in their homes. Each patients had evidence of right frontal or right parietal injury based upon computed tomography, neurosurgery, and neuropsychological testing. The factors associated with environmental reduplication were: impaired spatial perception and visual memory, inability of the patients to recognise the inconsistency between their believed location and their actual location, confusion soon after admission to hospital, and a strong desire to be at home. PMID- 7264686 TI - Hypertension and brain oedema: an experimental study on acute and chronic hypertension in the rat. AB - To determine under what circumstances hypertension is associated with brain oedema, the specific gravity of the brain was measured in acutely hypertensive, renal hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Maximum mean arterial pressure (MAP) in acute hypertension induced by intravenous amphetamine or bicuculline was 171 +/- 5 and 181 +/- 5 mmHg respectively. In spite of pronounced extravasation of Evans blue-albumin, there was no decrease in specific gravity except in the diencephalon in rats given bicuculline (p less than 0.05). Cortical and cerebellar samples from renal hypertensive rats (MAP 174 +/- 14 mmHg) were lighter than corresponding regions in normotensive rats (p less than 0.001) although the brains showed little or no macroscopic extravasation of Evans blue albumin. Neither macroscopic protein leakage nor increase in water content was observed in brains from spontaneously hypertensive rats (MAP 210 +/- 5 mmHg). It is concluded that renal hypertension is more likely to lead to brain oedema than spontaneous genetic hypertension or acute hypertension. PMID- 7264687 TI - The effects of temperature on human compound action potentials. AB - The upper limbs of 10 healthy subjects were cooled and then warmed over physiological temperature ranges. The compound action potentials of median digital nerves, median sensory nerve at the wrist, radial sensory nerve at the wrist, and median thenar muscle, all showed progressive reduction in latency, amplitude, duration and area during rising temperature. Our studies suggest that the sensory compound action potential changes occur predominantly because of the summated effects of reduction in the duration of the action potentials of single myelinated fibres, although disproportionate increase in the conduction velocity of larger myelinated fibres also plays a role. PMID- 7264688 TI - Chronic focal polymyositis in the adult. AB - Four patients with chronic focal polymyositis are described. Treatment with steroids appeared to halt clinical progression. The clinical features in all four cases were so strikingly similar as to constitute a syndrome which can be mistaken for muscular dystrophy or spinal muscular atrophy unless investigated fully. PMID- 7264689 TI - Bromocriptine in Parkinson's disease: a study of cardiovascular effects. AB - Blood pressure and pulse rate were studied in 20 Parkinsonian patients on no treatment, and during treatment with bromocriptine (mean dosage 148 mg/day) as the sole anti-Parkinsonian therapy. The drug was shown to reduce erect systolic and diastolic and supine systolic blood pressure and to increase erect pulse rate, in a predictable dose-dependent manner. The occurrence of episodes of significant postural hypotension was less predictable and was a transitory phenomenon in all patients. Peripheral dopamine receptor blockade with domperidone did not alter the findings, suggesting that the principal mechanism for these cardiovascular effects is a central dopaminergic one. PMID- 7264690 TI - Pure agraphia and unilateral optic ataxia associated with a left superior parietal lobule lesion. AB - Impairment in visually guided reaching and pure agraphia are described in a patient with a left superior parietal embolic infarction. Identification of these disorders required specific but simple test procedures. Both disorders may reflect disruption of specific integrative functions of the superior parietal lobule. PMID- 7264692 TI - Brueghel's syndrome, report of a case with postmortem studies. AB - A patient with Brueghel's syndrome is described, who died following a seven year history of oromandibular dystonia with blepharospasm. Postmortem examination of the central nervous system revealed no abnormalities. PMID- 7264691 TI - Cortical deafness in multiple sclerosis. AB - Cortical deafness in a patient with multiple sclerosis is reported. Complete recovery from total deafness was seen following stages of auditory agnosia and pure word deafness. The otological and neurophysiological studies suggested lesions in subcortical white matter. This report stresses the rarity of the condition, its subcortical origin and good prognosis. PMID- 7264693 TI - Ocular bobbing in encephalitis. AB - Abnormal eye movements described as ocular bobbing are most often encountered in the setting of pontine vascular disease. This report deals wih the onset and course of ocular bobbing in a young woman who had encephalitis confirmed by biopsy. Unusual eye movements developed during progressive deterioration of brain and brain stem function which led to coma. The eye movements occurred spontaneously and could also be triggered by cutaneous stimulation of the face, head, extremities, and auditory canals. The patient recovered fully over a period of several months. PMID- 7264696 TI - Haemorrhage associated with meningioma. PMID- 7264697 TI - Nerve sliding and conduction velocity. PMID- 7264694 TI - Electroencephalographic changes as prognostic indicators after psychosurgery. AB - Thirty-five patients were studied by EEG with recordings taken the day before, two weeks after, and six months after psychosurgery. Most showed a characteristic frontal slow activity of varying degrees after operation with varying enhancement of background activity. The amount and spread of the frontal slow waves two weeks after operation showed a significant positive correlation with the clinical outcome one year later, which suggests a relatively objective and very early indication of the subsequent clinical response to psychosurgery. PMID- 7264695 TI - Acute myelopathy in association with heroin addiction. AB - The occurrence of spinal cord lesions in association with self-administration of heroin is a recognised entity in the United States of America which has not up to now been reported in British literature. Three cases are described, the literature reviewed and possible aetiological factors discussed. PMID- 7264699 TI - Downbeat nystagmus--a false localising sign due to communicating hydrocephalus. PMID- 7264700 TI - Progressive hemi-dystonia due to focal basal ganglia lesion after mild head trauma. PMID- 7264698 TI - Ocular skew deviation in hepatic coma. PMID- 7264701 TI - Familial association of Von Hippel-Lindau complex and delta-beta thalassaemia. PMID- 7264702 TI - [Peroneal atrophy in Tunisia. Study of 70 cases, pure or associated with other heredodegenerative diseases]. AB - Seventy cases of hereditary peripheral neuropathy of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type have been studied. One group of 40 cases from 30 families had a pure peripheral neuropathy, the other 30 from 20 families having other associated inherited nervous defects. The classification of Dyck and Lambert (1968) modified by Dyck (1975) was used, but it proved difficult to distinguish pure types and transitional forms were common. Histological criteria appeared more reliable than clinical features and were the most constant finding within a given family. In forms associated with other abnormalities a hypertrophic and a neuronal form could be distinguished but similar difficulties in classification were encountered as the mode of genetic transmission, age of onset, clinical features and nerve conduction velocity were comparable in the two groups. Discrepancies between electrophysiological and histological findings may result from examining motor nerves with the former technique and sensory with the latter. Despite subdivision there is still a sharp distinction between the various forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and the hypertrophic neuropathy of Dejerine-Sottas. The genetic pattern is complicated by the frequent association with other inherited abnormalities. PMID- 7264703 TI - An electron-microscopical study of the developing transitional region in feline S1 dorsal rootlets. AB - The organization of the PNS-CNS transitional region in S1 dorsal roots was studied electron-microscopically in cat foetuses and in kittens. The adult organization pattern was recognized first during the 5th-6th postnatal week. Before this date the transitional region underwent a period of conspicuous remodelling. In 25- to 47-days-old foetuses the transitional region was characterized by large clusters of Schwann cells clinging to bundles of unmyelinated axons. This part of the root then remained unmyelinated after the more distal PNS part and the more proximal CNS part had acquired myelin. Axons of the transitional region started to myelinate first around the 60th day after conception. At this stage the transitional region was characterized by its cellularity: Schwann cells, glioblasts and fibroblasts were abundant. The CNS compartment started to grow out into the root during the 1st postnatal week. Concomitant with the distal expansion of the CNS compartment - calculated to be about 5 micrometer/day during the 1st month - there appeared in the adjacent PNS compartment numerous extraordinarily short internodes carrying myelin sheaths. A glial fringe began to develop and encapsulate PNS-borderline paranodes. The observations are discussed with respect to the adult ultrastructure. It is suggested that there is a conspicuous reorganization of the proximal part of the root. The need for supplementary quantitative data is emphasized. PMID- 7264704 TI - Analysis of non-histone chromatin proteins in porcine malignant hyperthermia. AB - Non-histone chromatin proteins (NHCP) were isolated from skeletal muscle, left ventricle and liver of swine susceptible to malignant hyperthermia and from controls. These proteins were extracted with phenol buffers and fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isoelectrofocusing gel electrophoresis revealed quantitative differences in NHCP from skeletal muscle between disease and control groups. The high resolution of proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a relative similarity between skeletal muscle, heart and liver although some differences could be discerned. Non-histone chromatin proteins of molecular weight 35,000-45,000, focusing between pH7 and 9, were increased in skeletal muscle nuclei derived from malignant hyperthermia susceptible swine. These proteins appear to be important in the maturation of messenger RNA. No alterations were seen in either heart or liver. We conclude that an increase in NHCP which is associated with the processing of messenger RNA, may be important in the phenotypic expression in skeletal muscle of malignant hyperthermia in swine. PMID- 7264705 TI - Pathology of myelinated fibers in cervical and lumbar ventral spinal roots in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Pathological alterations were evaluated by morphometry and by a teased-fiber study on the 6th cervical (C6) and the 4th lumbar (L4) ventral spinal roots of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The large-diameter fibers were severely affected in both spinal segments. However, small-diameter myelinated fibers were numerically well preserved. The number of large fibers in C6 and L4 ventral roots was strongly correlated to the strength of muscles innervated by C6 or L4 segments. There was no correlation of the number of small fibers with muscle strength. Teased fiber studies revealed a marked increase in the incidence of fibers showing axonal degeneration. Fibers considered to be regenerative were rarely observed. These observations suggest that large myelinated fibers, which correspond to alpha-motoneuron fibers, are selectively affected, and that small myelinated fibers, which are considered to correspond to gamma-motoneuron fibers, are preserved to some extent in the C6 and L4 ventral spinal roots in ALS. PMID- 7264706 TI - Quantitative and cytometric analysis of the ventral cochlear nucleus in man. AB - A systematic quantitative and cytometric study of the ventral cochlear nucleus has been performed on 3 groups of histologically normal brains, ranging in age from 20 weeks of gestation to adult life. Serial sections, 20 micrometer in thickness, through the length of the nucleus were obtained from paraffin-embedded blocks of the ponto-medullary junction. Every 10th section was analyzed with a Cambridge Imanco Quantimet 720 Image Analyzing system. The surface area of the nucleus was determined on each slide. Cells showing neuronal characteristics were individually counted and classified into 18 pre-determined cell size classes. The raw total number of cells was then corrected for periodicity and split cell error. The total volume of the nucleus and cell packing density were estimated. The mean total number of neurons was 26,098 in premature, 31,802 in full term and 30,440 in adult cases. There was no significant difference among these values. The mean volume of the nucleus was 1.32 mm3 in premature, 3.84 in full term and 5.43 in adult cases. Positive correlation coefficients were found comparing volume versus age. A negative correlation coefficient was detected comparing cell packing density versus age from the full term period to adult life. A significant increase in the number of cells in the largest cell classes was also found with increasing age. The mean neuronal diameter did not change significantly between premature and full term cases but was significantly different between full term and adult cases. These findings are discussed and compared to already reported quantitative studies of the ventral cochlear nucleus in man, which involved manual counting techniques. PMID- 7264707 TI - Vestibular reflexes in neck and forelimb muscles evoked by roll tilt. PMID- 7264708 TI - Input-output organization of midbrain reticular core. PMID- 7264709 TI - Response to sudden torques about ankle in man. IV. A functional role of alpha gamma linkage. PMID- 7264710 TI - Morphology of functionally identified neurons in lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. PMID- 7264711 TI - Visual experience and development of interocular orientation disparity in visual cortex. PMID- 7264712 TI - Relationship between eye acceleration and retinal image velocity during foveal smooth pursuit in man and monkey. PMID- 7264713 TI - Comparison of stiffness of soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles in cats. PMID- 7264714 TI - Posture and history of movement determine membrane potential and synaptic events in nonspiking interneurons and motor neurons of the locust. PMID- 7264715 TI - Glycinergic pathways in the goldfish retina. AB - Autoradiographic localization of high affinity [3H]glycine uptake in the retina of the goldfish has been used to study some anatomical and physiological properties of potentially glycinergic neurons. There are two classes of retinal cells exhibiting high affinity glycine uptake: Aa amacrine cells and I2 interplexiform cells. Aa amacrine cells constitute about 20% of the somas in the amacrine cell layer and send their dendrites to the middle of the inner plexiform layer. There they are both pre- and postsynaptic primarily to other amacrine cells. Photic modulation of glycine uptake indicates that they are probably red hyperpolarizing/green-depolarizing neurons. I2 interplexiform cells are a newly discovered type of interplexiform cell; in the outer plexiform layer, they receive direct synaptic input from the somas of red-dominated GABAergic H1 horizontal cells and are apparently presynaptic to dendrites of unidentified types of horizontal cells. The connections of I2 interplexiform cells have not been successfully characterized in the inner plexiform layer. These findings extend our knowledge of neurochemically specific pathways in the cyprinid retina and indicate that glycine, like GABA, is a neurotransmitter primarily involved with circuits coding "red" information. PMID- 7264717 TI - Separation of cell types from embryonic chicken and rat spinal cord: characterization of motoneuron-enriched fractions. AB - Single cell suspensions prepared from embryonic chick or rat spinal cords were separated into morphologically and functionally distinct subpopulation based on their buoyant densities The lightest fraction (F-1) was highly enriched for cells containing the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (CAT), a marker for developing motoneurons. The morphology biochemistry, and in vitro development of this and other spinal cord cell fractions isolated by the outlined procedure were investigated. Spinal cords, dissected from 6-day chick or 12-day rat embryos, were dissociated with trypsin and applied to iso-osmotic metrizamide density gradients. After brief centrifugation, biochemical analysis revealed that cholinergic cells migrated to lower densities than other spinal cord cells. The use of discontinuous density gradients allowed rapid and simple isolation of three fractions of viable cells (designated F-1 to F-3, lowest to highest density). Characterization of chicken and rat embryo cell fractions gave similar results. The cells in Fraction 1 were large with prominent nuclei and nucleoli, while those in F-2 and F-3 were distinctly smaller. Fraction 1 was highly enriched for cholinergic cells. The CAT specific activity (CAT/cell) was increased 400% in Fraction 1 compared to unfractionated cells, while CAT specific activity in F-2 and F-3 was reduced to 25% and less than 4% that of unfractionated cells, respectively. The recovery of cholinergic cells using this procedure was much better than with other published procedures; greater than half the spinal cord CAT activity was routinely recovered in the enriched fraction. The cholinergic-enriched cells (F-1) were unique in their in vitro growth characteristics. All fractions had neuronal cells, while non-neuronal cells were distributed primarily in F-3, fewer in F-2, and were essentially absent from F-1. Neurons in F-2 and F-3 remained viable under a variety of conditions, most of which were not supportive of F-1 cell survival. The cholinergic-enriched F-1 cells survived and developed only in the presence of muscle cells or in muscle conditioned medium on highly adhesive substrata. Large, multipolar neurons predominated under these conditions. The method described provides a means of characterizing the factors involved in the development of distinct populations of cells from the embryonic spinal cord. PMID- 7264716 TI - Autoradiographic localization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat brainstem. AB - We have localized muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the rat brainstem by a light microscopic autoradiographic method. Initially, we examined the kinetics and specificity of the binding of radiolabeled quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) in slide-mounted, frozen tissue sections to determine that we were labeling the muscarinic cholinergic receptors as they had been described previously in biochemical pharmacological studies. Subsequently, using optimal binding parameters to obtain high specific to nonspecific ratios, we labeled tissue sections and generated autoradiograms by the apposition of emulsion-coated coverslips. We found high concentrations of autoradiographic grains associated with many nuclei in the brainstem including the superior colliculus, nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, pontine nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, trigeminal nerve nucleus (V), the tegmental nuclei, nucleus of the facial nerve (VII), the locus coeruleus, the medial vestibular nucleus, cochlear nucleus, of the tractus solitarius, and nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve (XII). We conclude that muscarinic cholinergic effects of acetylcholine and important in the normal function of both the sensory and motor systems. We speculate on the possible mechanisms of action of certain cholinergic agents, such as the mechanism of anticholinergic compounds when used to treat motion sickness or anticholinesterase poisoning. PMID- 7264718 TI - Concurrent discrimination learning of monkeys after hippocampal, entorhinal, or fornix lesions. AB - Ablations of anterior inferotemporal cortex in monkeys are known to impair learning when discriminations between members of several pairs of objects are taught concurrently. This deficit has been attributed to a loss of visual mnemonic functions. But ablations of hippocampus have also been shown to impair retention, and this impairment transcends the visual modality. Therefore, in the first of two experiments, we compared the behavioral effects of inferotemporal cortical lesions with those of either hippocampus, entorhinal area, or fornix, using a visual concurrent discrimination task. Monkeys with either hippocampal or entorhinal ablations were impaired, while those with fornix sections were not. However, ablations of hippocampus included inadvertent damage of the inferotemporal cortex. Therefore, in the second experiment, behavioral effects of inferotemporal lesions were compared with those of hippocampus (without additional inferotemporal damage) on the concurrent task in both visual and tactual modalities. In the visual mode, monkeys with hippocampal removals were as impaired as those with inferotemporal ablations. In the tactual mode, however, hippocampal, but no inferotemporal, ablations were followed by a deficit. Our results, taken together with other existing evidence, emphasize the role of the hippocampus in mediating associative learning in more than one modality. These results, obtained with non-human primates, are in line with clinical findings. PMID- 7264719 TI - Cercal sensory development following laser microlesions of embryonic apical cells in Acheta domesticus. AB - The hypothesis that pioneer fibers, which develop relatively early in the differentiation of insect appendages, serve to organize the peripheral sensory nerves was tested by ablating apical regions of the cercal rudiments in embryos of Acheta domesticus. Multiple nerve bundles rather than the normal middorsal and midventral pair of nerves were formed within the cercus following ablation of the cercal tip before pioneer fiber differentiation, but the cercal nerve was normal when lesions were made after formation of the pioneer fiber tracts and associated glia. These results indicate a necessary morphogenetic role for the pioneer fibers. PMID- 7264720 TI - Metabolic effects of unilateral lesion of the substantia nigra. AB - Regional brain glucose utilization following unilateral lesion of the substantia nigra in rat was studied by [14C]-2-deoxyglucose autoradiography. Substantia nigra lesions were performed by perinigral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA) . HBr, 6 microgram, in rats pretreated 30 min earlier with desmethylimipramine (DMI), 25 mg/kg, subcutaneously. The lesion produced extensive destruction of the ipsilateral substantia nigra pars compacta and a greater than 99% reduction in dopamine concentration in the ipsilateral striatum. Pretreatment with DMI prevented any reduction in the concentration of norepinephrine in ipsilateral forebrain structures. Glucose utilization was increased in the ipsilateral globus pallidus at 11, 21, 53, and 104 days after substantia nigra lesion with the largest increase (about 140% of control) occurring at 21 days post-lesion. In addition, glucose utilization in ipsilateral lateral habenular nucleus was increased at each of the above time points. No changes in glucose utilization were noted in frontal cortex, striatum, subthalamic nucleus, entopeduncularis, or ventral tier nuclei of the thalamus. These results suggest that lesion of the substantia nigra with depletion of striatal dopamine content results in disinhibition of some striatal, and perhaps olfactory cortical, efferents producing increased metabolism and glucose utilization in terminal fields within the globus pallidus and lateral habenular nucleus. PMID- 7264721 TI - Local circuit synaptic interactions in hippocampal brain slices. AB - The hypothesis that recurrent inhibition in the hippocampus is mediated by interneurons was tested with simultaneous intracellular recordings from the CA1 region of guinea pig hippocampal slices in vitro. In recordings from 101 pairs of pyramidal cells, no interactions were detected in 87% of the pairs. In 13% of the pyramidal cell pairs, spike trains induced in one cell caused inhibitor postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in the second cell. No excitatory interactions were detected. In recordings from 43 pairs of cells, where one cell was a pyramidal cell and the other cell was an interneuron, no interactions were detected in 53% of the pairs. In 30% of the interneuron-pyramidal cell pairs, spike trains elicited from the interneuron caused IPSPs in the pyramidal cell. In 28% of the pairs, spike trains elicited from the pyramidal cell caused excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the interneurons. In 4% of these pairs, reciprocal interactions were seen, with the pyramidal cell exciting the interneuron and the interneuron inhibiting the pyramidal cell. These results support the hypothesis that inhibitory mediate recurrent inhibition in the hippocampus. However, the data also suggest that the interneurons from which these results were recorded were a subset of inhibitory interneurons distinct from the classical basket cell. These interneurons may mediate both feed-forward and recurrent inhibition in the hippocampus. PMID- 7264722 TI - Variability in right hemisphere language function after callosal section: evidence for a continuum of generative capacity. AB - Two recent patients in our behavioral series investigating the psychological effects of callosal section exhibit right hemisphere language. Using lateralized visual and auditory stimulation, semantic, phonetic, and expressive linguistic functions were examined. While the right hemisphere language systems in both patients were shown to be capable of semantic information processing, they differed in their abilities to process phonetic information, follow verbal commands, and produce linguistic responses. It is argued that the differences between left and right hemisphere language systems are quantitative and are best characterized along a continuum of generative capacity. It is the variability in such capacity that appears to be responsible for the variability in right hemisphere language function within the split-brain population. PMID- 7264723 TI - The effect of habituating vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus on each other. AB - Currently, the vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes are both thought to require a velocity storage mechanism within their neural pathways. To test whether these storage mechanisms are shared by both reflexes, animals were given programs of stimulation known to change the status of the storage mechanism of one of the type of nystagmus. The other type of nystagmus was examined then to ascertain whether the characteristic of its velocity storage system had remained invariant. Horizontal eye movements of three macaque monkeys were recorded during post-rotatory nystagmus and optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN) before and after 20 habituating exposures to either vestibular or optokinetic stimulation. Repetitive exposures to vestibular stimulation alone markedly reduced the time constant of post-rotatory nystagmus and this effect was accompanied only occasionally by a reduction in the time constant of OKAN. Repetitive exposure to optokinetic stimulation alone reliably reduced the time constant of OKAN but produced no reliable change in the time constant of post-rotatory nystagmus. These results suggest that the vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes do not share a single common velocity storage mechanism. PMID- 7264724 TI - Opioid and non-opioid stress analgesia: assessment of tolerance and cross tolerance with morphine. AB - Opioid and non-opioid mechanisms of analgesia elicited by two kinds of footshock stress that differ only in temporal characteristics previously have been inferred on the basis of susceptibility to naloxone blockade. The present study sought further evidence on this point by comparing these two kinds of footshock analgesia for possible tolerance development and cross-tolerance with morphine. It was found that, with repeated exposure to stress, tolerance developed to naloxone-sensitive, but not naloxone-insensitive, stress analgesia. Furthermore, morphine-tolerant rats displayed cross-tolerance to only the naloxone-sensitive form of footshock analgesia. Although prior exposure to both footshock paradigms potentiated morphine analgesia, less potentiation occurred in rats tolerant to the naloxone-sensitive footshock stress. Thus, cross-tolerance between morphine and this type of stress analgesia appears to occur in both directions. These findings are consistent with those using naloxone antagonism as a criterion for opioid mediation and support the conclusion that separate opioid and non-opioid mechanisms of stress analgesia exist. PMID- 7264725 TI - Nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of PC12 cells: evaluation of changes in RNA and DNA metabolism. AB - The relationship between both DNA and RNA metabolism and the nerve growth factor (betaNGF)-induced differentiation of PC12 cells was investigated. Cells remained in log phase growth for 4 days after exposure to betaNGF. DNA synthesis was similarly unaffected by betaNGF during this time. Thereafter, a gradual decrease in DNA synthesis was observed. In contrast, as many as 40% of the cells display neurites after 4 days exposure to betaNGF. The implication, that cells which have begun to differentiate morphologically may still synthesize DNA, was confirmed using autoradiography. The cellular RNA concentration was elevated significantly within 1 day of exposure to betaNGF and continued to increase for up to 6 days. Dose-response analysis revealed that this increase in cellular RNA, both rRNA and tRNA, closely correlates with the size and number of neurites per cell rather than with the cell's capacity to grow a neurite per se. A parallel rise in the cellular protein concentration was observed also. It was concluded, therefore, that (1) cessation of cell division is not a prerequisite for the initiation of the morphological differentiation of these cells and (2) the elevation of the cellular RNA content influences some quantitative aspects of neurite outgrowth. PMID- 7264727 TI - Traditions, transition, and the torch. The 1981 AANS presidential address. AB - The President of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) emphasizes the need to participate actively in the burgeoning field of neuroscience, and the unique opportunity of neurological surgeons to apply the new knowledge to the treatment of their patients. Clinician-investigators need to be trained in their formative years in the methodology and techniques of modern neurobiology. Diminishing governmental support for training poses a grave threat to carrying on the tradition of research in neurological surgery. To meet a critical need, the formation of a Research Foundation is announced as a function of the AANS. As Science is expanded and applied, the Art of neurosurgery will continue to be refined, along with the high tradition of Ethics which has been handed down over the years as part of the heritage of neurological surgeons. PMID- 7264726 TI - Sizes and distributions of intrinsic neurons incorporating tritiated GABA in monkey sensory-motor cortex. AB - Neurons accumulating [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were identified autoradiographically in frozen and plastic sections after injection of the material in the monkey somatic sensory (areas 3, 1, and 2), motor (area 4), and parietal (area 5) cortex following intravenous administration of a GABA transaminase inhibitor, amino-oxyacetic acid. Two general forms of labeled cells are recognized: those with large diameter (15- to 20-micrometer) somata, probably corresponding to the basket cells of Golgi studies, and those with small diameter (6- to 12-micrometer) somata, probably corresponding to several other types. The sizes and laminar distributions of labeled cells in the cytoarchitectonic fields of the first somatic sensory are (SI) are similar. In these areas, the greatest concentrations of labeled cells are in layer II, in layer IV, and in the superficial stratum of layer IV. In area 5, there are many fewer labeled cells in layer IV. In area 4, the labeled cells are larger and distributed more homogeneously, though there are fewer in layer VI. The large labeled cell type is concentrated in layers III and V of all areas. The smaller labeled types are found in all other layers, including layer I. In layer IV, they form approximately 40% of the total small-celled neuronal population. PMID- 7264728 TI - Craniopharyngiomas: a critical approach to treatment. AB - The authors have conducted a retrospective statistical study in a series of 45 patients with craniopharyngiomas in order to assess the value of different therapeutic approaches. All the patients included in the study were placed in three groups according to their method of treatment: 1) total excision; 2) subtotal excision; and 3) surgery followed by a course of radiotherapy (RT). Symptomatic recurrence was used to define failure of treatment. Of the patients subjected to total excision, 30% experienced recurrence after a mean time of 2 years. Tumors recurred in 71% of those treated by subtotal excision, with a mean time of 2.6 years. Of patients receiving RT in addition to surgery, only 6% had recurrence, after a mean time of 1 year. The authors conclude that the elective treatment for craniopharyngiomas is controlled subtotal surgery plus RT. Total excision should be attempted only if there is a negligible danger of mortality. PMID- 7264729 TI - Neurosurgical considerations of cysticercosis of the central nervous system. AB - Infestation of the central system (CNS) by the larval form of Taenia solium can be etiological for one or more of several clinicopathological manifestations. Experience gained from treating 18 patients forms the basis for a classification of this disease and for observations upon therapy. Twenty-three surgical procedures in 15 of the 18 patients provide the foundation for comment on operative treatment in management. Whereas most procedures are palliative, eradication of the CNS disease may be achieved in cases of solitary intraventricular cysts. There has been no operative mortality. PMID- 7264730 TI - The course of chronic subdural hematomas after burr-hole craniostomy and closed system drainage. AB - A consecutive series of 32 adult patients with chronic subdural hematoma was studied in respect to postoperative cerebral reexpansion (reduction in diameter of the subdural space) after burr-hole craniostomy and closed-system drainage. Patients with high subdural pressure showed the most rapid brain expansion and clinical improvement during the first 2 days. Nevertheless, a computerized tomography (CT) scan performed on the 10th day after surgery demonstrated persisting subdural fluid in 78% of cases. After 40 days, the CT scan was normal in 27 of the 32 patients. There was no mortality and no significant morbidity. Our study suggests that well developed subdural neomembranes are the crucial factors for cerebral reexpansion, a phenomenon that takes at least 10 to 20 days. However, blood vessel dysfunction and impairment of cerebral blood flow may participate in delay of brain reexpansion. It may be argued that additional surgical procedures, such as repeated tapping of the subdural fluid, craniotomy, and membranectomy or even craniectomy, should not be evaluated earlier than 20 days after the initial surgical procedure unless the patient has deteriorated markedly. PMID- 7264731 TI - Barbiturate effects on acute experimental intracranial hypertension. AB - Acute intracranial hypertension was induced in cats by progressive inflation of an epidural balloon. Changes in intracranial pressure (ICP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), heart rate (HR), electroencephalogram (EEG), and pupil size were studied in untreated animals and in animals that had received barbiturates at different stages during the experiment. In animals pretreated with barbiturates, the increase in ICP during balloon expansion was significantly less than in untreated animals (p less than 0.001). The CPP, initially higher in untreated animals, was not significantly different (P less than 0.05) as the mass lesion pressure-volume curve exceeded the inflection point. In the postdeflation period, the untreated animals developed a significant increase in ICP, whereas, in the barbiturate-pretreated group, the ICP returned to preinflation values, suggesting a protective effect of barbiturates against postcompression brain swelling. Barbiturates affected ICP and CPP differently in animals with intracranial hypertension due to the presence of an epidural balloon that was maintained inflated compared to those with postdeflation brain swelling. In the latter group, pentobarbital reduced ICP (p less than 0.05) without significantly decreasing the CPP, whereas, in the mass lesion group, barbiturates failed to reduce the ICP and caused a deterioration in CPP (p less than 0.025). Brain gross pathological changes were significantly less in the pretreated animals as compared with all other groups. The results suggest that if barbiturate treatment is to have therapeutic value, the timing of the therapy and the criteria for its initiation should be determined. PMID- 7264732 TI - Acute changes in regional brain water content following experimental closed head injury. AB - A Remington humane stunner was used to deliver blows to the skulls of anesthetized cats. The animals were sacrificed at 30 minutes or 1, 2, or 6 hours after trauma and selected for data collection on the basis of the following two categories of gross intracranial pathology: 1) unilateral contusion, with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH); or 2) SAH only. For selected cats, specific gravity was measured in 5- to 10-mg samples of uncontused tissue taken from coronal slices at the level of the frontoparietal suture. The regions tested included dorsal cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter, deep white matter, and caudate nucleus. Specific gravity data from injured animals were compared with those from similar areas in uninjured anesthetized cats to test for cerebral edema. At 30 minutes after head injury, contused hemispheres had significant edema of all tested except the caudate nucleus. Edema of the subcortical and deep white matter increased with time after the injury. Increase in water content of the cerebral cortex was transient and appeared unrelated to contusion. The caudate nucleus was edematous only at 6 hours, suggesting movement of fluid from the deep white matter compartment into the nucleus. The hemispheres opposite the contusion and those related to SAH had, with one exception, an absence of edema in the white matter and caudate nucleus, but a transient increase in water content of the cerebral cortex. These findings suggest that, in the presence of contusion, cerebral edema can contribute to brain swelling as early as 30 minutes after closed head trauma. In addition, a transient and minimal cortical edema, perhaps related to ischemia, occurred in all groups of hemispheres examined. PMID- 7264734 TI - Individual variations in response of human cerebral arterioles to vasoactive substances, human plasma, and CSF from patients with aneurysmal SAH. PMID- 7264735 TI - Balloon catheter occlusion for cavernous carotid artery injury during transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. Case report. AB - During transsphenoidal hypophysectomy for pituitary ablation in a patient with disseminated breast cancer, brisk arterial hemorrhage occurred during separation of adhesions between the pituitary gland and the wall of the cavernous sinus. Hemorrhage was controlled by placement of a Prolo balloon catheter into the internal carotid artery (ICA) that occluded the site of hemorrhage. The patient experienced no neurological sequelae. The cervical ICA was easily exposed for insertion of this double-lumen catheter. With the image intensifier already in position, injection of contrast material through the arteriography lumen allowed precise localization of the site of injury and directed positioning of the balloon for control of the hemorrhage. PMID- 7264733 TI - Effect of trigeminal tractotomy on behavioral response to dental pulp stimulation in the monkey. AB - Trigeminal tractotomy near the level of the obex was carried out in 10 macaque monkeys. Behavioral responses were evaluated by a quantitative paradigm measuring lever-press responses to electrical stimulation of the dental pulp or facial skin, and by assessing facial response to cutaneous pin-scratch before and after the tractotomy. Two pharmacological agents, strychnine and L-dopa, were administered and their effect on behavioral responses to these stimuli was studied. Tractotomy did not produce dental analgesia. Thresholds for escape from cutaneous electrical stimulation of facial skin, however, were elevated, consistent with marked hypalgesia to pin-scratch. The adversive responses to pin scratch were absent in peripheral portions of the face, but near the midline and inside the oral cavity they were usually decreased or normal. Pharmacological agents caused a reduction in escape thresholds to cutaneous electrical stimulation and a shrinkage or abolition of the zone of analgesia to pin-scratch. The results imply that trigeminal nucleus caudalis, which undergoes deafferentation by tractotomy, may not be essential for processing of nociceptive information from the teeth, oral cavity, and midline facial zones. This findings is contrary to long-held hypotheses concerning facial pain mechanisms. The ability of strychnine and L-dopa to alter nociceptive escape thresholds is consistent with the idea, suggested by Denny-Brown, that facial nociception depends on central summation in the entire spinal trigeminal nucleus from overlapping afferent inputs contained in the trigeminal nerve, other cranial nerves, and the upper cervical nerve roots. PMID- 7264736 TI - Intracranial pressure following optic nerve decompression for benign intracranial hypertension. Case report. PMID- 7264737 TI - Management of vein of Galen aneurysms. Report of two cases. AB - Aneurysms of the great vein of Galen are rare and potentially lethal lesions, especially in early infancy. Sectioning of the feeding arteries and excision of the lesions have been proposed for the best long-term results. An alternative approach was utilized in the two children discussed here. The computerized tomography (CT) scan established the precise diagnosis and demonstrated hydrocephalus and cortical atrophy preoperatively. Parieto-occipital craniotomy with an interhemispheric approach was performed to clip the numerous feeders. The procedure was terminated when the sac collapsed and blood aspirated from the lesion was venous in oxygen saturation. A Doppler probe over the aneurysm then revealed a venous flow. Serial postoperative CT scans demonstrated that the mass had shrunk in size. Follow-up angiography was not thought necessary. PMID- 7264738 TI - Bilateral cavernous sinus metastasis and ophthalmoplegia. Case report. PMID- 7264739 TI - Transient abducens paresis after shunting for hydrocephalus. Report of two cases. PMID- 7264740 TI - Growing fracture of the skull and the role of computerized tomography. Case report. PMID- 7264741 TI - Meningiomas associated with large cysts with neoplastic cells in the cysts walls. Report of two cases. AB - Two adults presented with frontal lobe masses. As visualized by computerized tomography, both lesions were large cysts with contrast-enhancing mural nodules and enhancing circumferential rims. En bloc resections of the mural nodules and cyst walls were performed. Pathological evaluation of each nodule disclosed a meningioma, and neoplastic cells were found in the distant cyst walls. Although the walls of large cysts associated with some meningiomas have been composed of reactive glia or collagen, the neoplastic character of the cysts in the present cases underscores the need for resection and careful pathological evaluation of the large cysts associated with meningiomas. PMID- 7264742 TI - Maffucci's syndrome complicated by an intracranial chondrosarcoma and a carotid body tumor. Case report. PMID- 7264743 TI - Percutaneous technique for insertion of an atrial catheter for CSF shunting. Technical note. PMID- 7264744 TI - A successful approach to vertebrobasilar aneurysms. Technical note. PMID- 7264745 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the skull. PMID- 7264746 TI - Extracranial PICA aneurysms. PMID- 7264747 TI - Variations of pial arteriolar diameter, arterial blood pressure and arterial blood density in the cat. AB - Feline pial arteriolar diameters (CVD, cerebral vessel diameter), mean arterial blood pressure and blood density were recorded continuously in order to examine the relation between rhythmic diameter variations and oscillations of blood pressure and density. Under constant arterial pressure, blood density and CVD oscillations of 2-6/min were recorded using a photometric technique. Furthermore, pressure and density variations were induced by bleeding and reinfusion of blood, to observe their influence on CVD. The latter over a period of time become synchronized to parallel variations of pressure and density during hemorrhagic hypotension. This observance was noted after an initial lag phase. PMID- 7264748 TI - Metastatic spinal cord compression. Follow-up study. PMID- 7264749 TI - Controlled spinal drainage in the treatment of CSF fistulae. PMID- 7264750 TI - Hyperostosing meningiomas of the cranial vault. Observations on 10 cases. PMID- 7264751 TI - Terminal ventriculostomy for syringomyelia. AB - The pathogenesis of syringomylia is not yet well known and its surgical management still poses problems. Terminal ventriculostomy, as proposed by Gardner et al. (1977), in treating the communicating syringomyelia could be an alternative approach as opposed to the cranio-vertebral decompression or subarachnoid shunt of the syrinx. This operation was performed by the authors in 3 cases. In all of them there was postoperative improvement of the neurological symptoms. In the authors' opinion the main problem is the difficulty in preoperative diagnosis of communicating syringomyelia. This technique is simple and could present an efficient means of diagnosing the communicating syringomyelia, particularly when there are no associated malformations. PMID- 7264752 TI - Spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy. PMID- 7264753 TI - Tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by ganglion compression. PMID- 7264754 TI - Malfunctioning ventriculoperitoneal shunt due to extrusion of the abdominal catheter into the scrotum. PMID- 7264756 TI - Scintigraphy of hepatic hemangiomas: the value of Tc-99m-labeled red blood cells: concise communication. AB - Fourteen patients with hepatic hemangiomas were evaluated by Tc-99m colloid scintigraphy and Tc-99m RBC angiography, including flow studies and early and delayed static studies. On colloid scintigraphy, the liver appeared enlarged, with single or multiple focal defects. During the flow and early static Tc-99m RBC studies, the lesions showed poor perfusion and were filled only partially or not at all. Delayed Tc-99m RBC studies demonstrated the whole extent of the lesion and all the lesions when multiple hemangiomas were present. A flow study showing decreased perfusion and a late blood-pool study showing increased local blood volume appear characteristic of hemangiomas. Liver biopsy should not be attempted in such cases. PMID- 7264755 TI - Simultaneous display of gated technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate and gated blood-pool scintigrams. AB - We have developed a method by which any two sets of R-wave-synchronized radionuclide images may be registered, color-coded, and displayed in cinematic fashion so that the image sets are superimposed and shown simultaneously in contrasting colors. The technique has been applied to technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (Tc-99m PPi) and equilibrium blood-pool images. Gated Tc-99m PPi and gated blood-pool image sets (16 frames per cardiac cycle) were acquired in identical projections. Image sets were then registered, if necessary, and color coded by a computer algorithm. Our initial experience suggests that this overlay technique may be of value to: (a) detect right ventricular infarction with greater precision; (b) provide a better estimate of anatomic location and circumferential extent of Tc-99m PPi myocardial uptake relative to the ventricular blood pool; and (c) distinguish between segmental contraction abnormalities caused by recent infarction (identified by abnormal Tc-99m PPi uptake) and segmental contraction abnormalities caused by ischemia or previous myocardial infarction. PMID- 7264758 TI - Cholescintigraphy: gallbladder nonvisualization secondary to neoplasm. AB - Whereas the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis is characterized by nonvisualization of the gallbladder with Tc-99m iminodiacetic acid derivatives, nonvisualization is not specific for acute cholecystitis. The first reported case of nonvisualization of the gallbladder due to neoplasm is added to an expanding list of causes of nonvisualization other than the more frequent causes: acute and chronic cholecystitis. PMID- 7264759 TI - Clinical imaging with indium-111 leukocytes: uptake in bowel infarction. AB - Leukocytes labeled with indium-111 accumulated in are area of small-bowel infarction, mimicking a paracolic abscess. Evidence of subacute bowel obstruction should alert the nuclear medicine physician to the former possibility. PMID- 7264757 TI - Bone healing in rabbits after compression osteosynthesis, studied by Tc 99m(Sn)polyphosphate scintimetry and autoradiography. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine the scintimetric time course (STC) for Tc-99m(Sn) polyphosphate in rabbit tibias after various osteosynthetic procedures, and to correlate the findings with those from serial radiographs and with autoradiographic and histologic evaluation of the bone. The STC was similar for all treatment groups, with a peak value within the second week after surgery. Significantly different levels of the STC were found after subperiosteal exploration, plate insertion, osteotomy and compression plating, or osteotomy and medullary nailing. The radiological, autoradiographic, and histological findings revealed that Tc-99m scintimetry monitors callus formation. The STC thus appears to be a valuable tool for the quantitative study of bone healing. PMID- 7264760 TI - Technetium radiopharmaceuticals: chemical characterization and tissue distribution of Tc-glucoheptonate using Tc-99m and carrier Tc-99. AB - The chemical structure of the kidney- and brain-imaging agent Tc-99m glucoheptonate has been established using the Tc-99 isotope. In a comparative study between Tc-99 and Tc-99m glucoheptonates, chromatographic, electrophoretic, and tissue distribution studies showed identical compounds in 0.9% NaCl. Optimal conditions for the formation of the Tc-99 glucoheptonate complex were investigated by uv and visible spectroscopy. The oxidation state of Tc-99 in the compound is V, measured by Sn2+ titration. The complex contains a Tc = O core and two glucoheptonate ligands (oxobis(glucoheptonato)technetate(V) anion (net charge: -1) in aqueous solution). NMR studies demonstrated two five-membered glucoheptonate rings, bidentate bound to Tc by the oxygens of the end carboxyl group and the adjacent hydroxyl group. The compound is stabilized by interaction between Tc-99 and one of the hydroxyloxygens of glucoheptonate at the vacant coordination site trans to the Tc = O core. Experiments with the reducing agent NaBH4 demonstrated the absence of Sn (II or IV) in the complex and a biological behavior independent of the reducing agent used. PMID- 7264762 TI - Re: evaluation and comparison of two fully automated radioassay systems with distinctly different modes of analysis. PMID- 7264763 TI - On the improvement of analyses of Xenon-133 lung washin and washout curves. PMID- 7264761 TI - Se-75-labeled bile acid analogs, new radiopharmaceuticals for investigating the enterohepatic circulation. AB - Four selenium-labeled free bile acids and four selenium-labeled conjugated bile acids, labeled with Se-75 at the C-19, C-22, C-23, or C-24 position, have been synthesized and their absorption and excretion compared with that of [24 14C]cholic acid, following both oral and intravenous administration. All but one of the compounds is absorbed and excreted in bile to a significant extent. One compound, SeHCAT, has been selected for particular study. It is quantitatively absorbed from the gut at the same rate as cholic acid, and both are excreted into the bile at the same rate. It remains almost entirely confined to the enterohepatic circulation (the gut, liver, and biliary tree) and excretion is exclusively fecal. Whole-body retention, measured for 41 days, and tissue distributions suggest that the absorbed radiation dose would be small compared with that in many established tests. Such a compound offers the possibility of a simple, novel, and aesthetically acceptable method of investigating small-bowel disease. It therefore merits further investigation. PMID- 7264764 TI - Nicotinic acid--a cause of failed HIDA scanning. PMID- 7264765 TI - Transient functional hyposplenia and fever. PMID- 7264766 TI - Abnormal false-positive response of exercise ejection fraction due to the ROI: fixed compared with variable. PMID- 7264767 TI - Demonstration of a left-atrial myxoma on the paradox image. PMID- 7264768 TI - Maternal behavior following rehabilitation of rats with intergenerational malnutrition. 1. Persistent changes in lactation-related behaviors. AB - Female rats rehabilitated for one or two generations on an adequate level of dietary protein following a history of intergenerational malnutrition were studied during the postnatal suckling period. No recovery occurred after two generations of dietary rehabilitation for most measures of maternal behavior including active nursing, passive nursing, pup-oriented behavior, time spent in the nest or time spent in contact with the young. In contrast, nest quality improved to normal levels after rehabilitation. In addition, growth of pups born to females rehabilitated for one generation was similar to growth of control pups, and in the case of mothers rehabilitated for two generations, growth of offspring exceeded that of the control pups. These results demonstrate variable sensitivity of different maternal behaviors to rehabilitation following a history of intergenerational malnutrition, with lack of normalization of a considerable number of maternal behaviors. Consequently, some of these abnormalities in maternal behavior may result in persistent abnormalities in the behavior of offspring over several generations. PMID- 7264769 TI - Maternal behavior following rehabilitation of rats with intergenerational malnutrition. 2. Contribution of mothers and pups to deficits in lactation related behaviors. AB - In a companion paper, we reported the persistence of an increase in active nursing and nursing-related behaviors in rats that were rehabilitated following prolonged intergenerational malnutrition. The rehabilitated litters contained females and pups fed an adequate diet for up to three generations after a history of malnutrition. In the current study, a 2 X 2 cross-over design was used during the lactation period in which rehabilitated mothers suckled rehabilitated pups or well-nourished control pups, and control mothers similarly suckled rehabilitated or control pups. We found that maternal factors were dominant in determining the amount of active nursing, and that pup factors modified the maternal influence on other lactation-related behaviors. PMID- 7264770 TI - Effects of ad libitum, maintenance and sub-maintenance feeding and of compensatory growth on some biochemical properties of muscle from weanling rabbits. AB - Weanling male rabbits were fed either: 1) a complete diet ad libitum (control); 2) a maintenance diet; or 3) a sub-maintenance diet. After 20 days, half of each group was slaughtered and the remainder was placed on treatment 1 until they achieved the same body weights as the controls (about 30 more days), when they were also killed. Body organs, including livers, hearts, lungs and kidneys, were significantly reduced in weight by nutritional stress. Maintenance and sub maintenance feeding resulted in creases in ultimate muscle pH, water content and alkali-soluble and -insoluble stromal proteins. The intracellular proteins, especially the myofibrillar fraction, decreased markedly, depending on the degree of nutritional stress. Swelling of the stromal proteins was less for the underfed rabbits, indicating that nutritional stress increased the number of acid-stable corss-linkages. Calcium-induced contraction was not effected by any of the nutritional treatments. Blood enzymes were not affected by nutritional stress from the standpoint of their multiple molecular forms, mobility or band profiles. All differences in muscle characteristics disappeared during compensatory growth except for the increased amount of alkali-insoluble stroma protein. The concepts of labile, mobilizable and fixed body proteins are discussed. PMID- 7264772 TI - Brain monoamine oxidase and replacement of its coenzyme flavin in rats. AB - The influence of 7-ethyl-8-methylflavin and 7-methyl-8-ethylflavin, vitamin-like homologues of riboflavin, on rat brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) was studied using tyramine as substrate. While riboflavin deficiency caused the enzyme activity to fall to 80% of norma, when 7-ethyl-8-methylflavin replaced riboflavin as the precursor of its coenzyme, it caused essentially complete loss of the enzyme activity. We showed that while 7-ethyl-8-methylflavin can serve as a coenzyme for MAO, 7-methyl-8-ethylflavin cannot serve as coenzyme for this enzyme. PMID- 7264771 TI - Effect of casein and starch infusion in the large intestine on nitrogen metabolism of growing swine. AB - Eight crossbred female pigs (40 kg) with cannulae placed in the terminal ileum were used to evaluate the effect of infusions of casein starch and casein plus starch on organic matter fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in the large intestine, and their effect on urinary urea and orotic acid excretion, and on nitrogen (N) retention. Infused casein and starch were both totally digested. Nitrogen retention was increased (P greater than 0.05) when casein was infused. Starch infusion resulted in an increase (P greater than 0.05) in fecal N in the form of total protein (amino acids). The high correlation (P greater than 0.01) between fecal total protein and RNA indicates that the increase in fecal N resulted from an increase in microbial protein synthesis. About 5.2 g of bacterial protein was synthesized per 100 g of cornstarch fermented in the large intestine. Casein infusion increase (P greater than 0.05) total urinary N. Differences between treatments for urinary N were entirely because of changes in urinary urea. Urinary ammonia and unaccounted N were not affected by treatments. Urinary orotic acid was a good indicator of the urea cycle activity because of its hig correlation (P greater than 0.0) with urinary urea. Plasma urea N concentration was increased (P greater than 0.05) only when casein plus starch was infused. PMID- 7264773 TI - Prolonged consumption of potato-based diets by infants and small children. AB - A previous short-term study demonstrated that infants and children could consume diets in which 75% of energy and all protein was provided by the white potato. Nitrogen balance was inferior to casein control at this level or protein intake. Potato intake was limited by the bulk of the diets and the poor digestibility of carbohydrates. In the present study 10 children were offered diets containing 50%, 75% and 84.2% of total energy as potato (Solanum Tuberosum ssp. andigena) during a period of 3 months. Casein was added to the 50 and 75% diets to complete 8% of energy as protein (N X 6.25). Acceptability, tolerance, digestibility and growth of the children were analyzed. The 84.2% potato studies were aborted shortly after the beginning because of the excessively large volume. Acceptability and tolerance to the 50% potato diets were excellent but with the 75% potato diets were noted to decrease during the last days of the studies. Six of the eight children who completed the studies showed satisfactory weight gain and catch-up growth while maintaining normal serum albumin concentrations. In one other, weight gain was adequate but did not achieve catch-up growth, and in the youngest child weight gain and linear growth were inadequate. Metabolic balances did not show improvement or deterioration of digestibility throughout the study. Infants can consume up to 50-75% of energy and as much as 80% of their nitrogen requirements as potato if the remaining energy and nitrogen is provided by a non bulky, easily digestible food. PMID- 7264774 TI - Fatty acid synthesis from lactate in growing cattle. AB - Rates of fatty acid synthesis from lactate and acetate and activities of selected lipogenic and NADPH-generating enzymes were determined in subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissues of cattle that were 11-19 months of age. Fatty acid synthesis from lactate and acetate increased from 11 to 13 months of age in subcutaneous and intermuscular adipose tissues; synthesis from lactate increased until 17 months of age. In intramuscular adipose tissue, synthesis from lactate also increased until 17 months of age while that from acetate continually increased. Activities of NADPH-generating enzymes increased in all three fat depots from 11 to 13 months of age, and little change occurred thereafter. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity was constant over entire growth period in all depots. Activity of ATP-citrate lyase increased from 11 to 13 months of age in subcutaneous and intermuscular adipose tissues, but did not increase until 19 months of age in intramuscular adipose tissue. In all cases, activities of ATP-citrate lyase were sufficient to support synthesis from lactate; therefore, lactate conversion to fatty acids in bovine adipose tissues seems to use the citrate cleavage pathway for generation of cytosolic acetyl-CoA. PMID- 7264775 TI - Effect of age and diet on the fatty acid composition of triglycerides and phospholipids from liver, adipose tissue and crop of the pigeon. AB - The fatty acid pattern of the triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PHL) from liver, adipose tissue and crop of the pigeon was studied at various stages of posthatching development to determine the influence of the changing diet. In each tissue and at all ages PHL contained more steric and polyenoic but less monoenoic acids than the corresponding TG. Especially in the young squabs the acid composition of the liver (TG as well as PHL) was different from that of the adipose tissue and the crop. In these last tissues, only small variations were noticed during growth, whereas in the liver the acid pattern changed drastically and specifically for each lipid fraction, mainly in the 1st week after hatching. During the period of only cropmilk feeding (0-4 days) the TG from adipose tissue and crop resembled more the acid pattern of the diet than that of the liver TG, suggesting that in this period these tissues derive their acids for TG synthesis mostly from exogenous sources rather than from the liver. The subsequent change from cropmilk to grain diet was not clearly reflected in the acid content of the examined tissues probably as a result of an enhanced de novo synthesis. The acid distribution in the PHL of the various tissues was at all ages very different from that of the corresponding diets and their alterations, characteristic for each tissue, may therefore be correlated more with age than with dietary conditions. PMID- 7264777 TI - Achieving and maintaining moderate iron deficiency in rats. AB - A method for achieving and maintaining moderate levels of nutritional iron deficiency in the male albino rat is described. Hemoglobin concentrations and protoporphyrin/heme ratios were the parameters used to assess iron status. The method was based upon the age of the animals when iron-deficient conditions were introduced. PMID- 7264778 TI - Exterospecific component of the motion parallax field. AB - For the egocentric orientation of observers moving with respect to a plane (e.g., pilots and automobile drivers), the movement parallax field provides the main cue. The parallax field is split into a lamellar and a solenoidal part, and it is shown that the solenoidal part is purely propriospecific. For instance, it can be shown that this component can be completely canceled by an appropriate eye movement. Thus all exterospecific information is contained in the lamellar part, and this part is completely determined by the divergence of the parallax field. Thus the measure of expansion of the visual field as a function of direction of gaze is sufficient to provide all information available for egocentric orientation. It is further shown that the widely used focus of expansion, as introduced by Gibson, is not invariant against eye movements and does not (in general) correspond to extrema of the divergence. PMID- 7264776 TI - Arginine requirement of mature protein-malnourished rats for maximal rate of repletion. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats (initial weight 400 g) were fed a 0.5% lactalbumin diet containing required amounts of all other known essential nutrients for 14 weeks. The body weights averaged 250 g after depletion when the animals were randomly assigned to four groups of four or five. Rats of one group were killed for baseline analyses on day 0 of repletion. The remaining three groups were repleted for 14 days with a complete L-amino acid diet containing 20% protein equivalent and 0, 0.75 or 1.5% Arg . HCl. Daily feed intakes averaged 11, 15 and 17 g and daily weight gains were 3.3, 7.4 and 8.3 g, respectively. Average values for corresponding groups were: nitrogen balance--116, 187 and 190 mg/day; urinary orotate--4.6, 0.8 and 0.15 mg/day; carcass lipid--27, 37 and 40 g/100 g dry matter. Liver weights per 100 g body weight for 0 arginine exceeded other groups by 40%. There were no differences in creatinine index, nor in plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon and albumin. The maximal rate of recovery from protein-calorie malnutrition of mature rats required an exogenous source of arginine. Urinary orotic acid excretion provided a reliable measure for determining when arginine needs for maximal rate of repletion were not met. PMID- 7264779 TI - Motion sensitivity measured by a psychophysical linearizing technique. PMID- 7264780 TI - Nonadditivity in color matches with four instrumental stimuli. AB - Nonadditivities in 10 degrees color matches have been studied with regard to a hypothesis about the effect of the Maxwell spot. Rod intrusion was eliminated by adding a fourth instrumental stimulus to the usual three stimuli of colorimetry and then determining the matches that were unaffected by attenuation with a rotating-sector disk. To avoid other instabilities from adaptation, the shortest wavelength used was 470 nm. The matches were made in a visual colorimeter, with interference filters as monochromators. The stimuli were measured directly with a calibrated photomultiplier, and further matches were predicted by assuming linearity. These matches were set up, and significant departures from Grassmann's laws were observed, which could be explained if the eye generally makes a compromise match over the whole field, regardless of any instructions to ignore the Maxwell spot. Matches made in a 2 degree field were more additive than those made in a larger field. PMID- 7264781 TI - Estimates for the temporal response characteristics of chromatic pathways. AB - When equiluminous red and green fields are temporally alternated, it is generally accepted that the hue of the field fuses to yellow at a slower flicker rate than the critical flicker frequency (cff). However, when sufficient precautions are taken to avoid optically created achromatic artifacts and the illumination of the test field is kept fairly low (70 trolands), the modulation threshold for color fusion and that for flicker fusion are equivalent. The purely chromatic, artifact free stimulus shows a much lower cff than has been reported in the literature under comparable conditions. It seems likely that many studies of the chromatic pathways have overestimated the ability of these pathways to follow rapid temporal alternation, presumably because the more sensitive achromatic pathways were detecting achromatic artifacts. A simple means for detecting achromatic artifacts in a temporal alternation will be demonstrated by the finding that an equiluminous surrounding field enhances modulation sensitivity only for achromatic flicker and not for chromatic flicker. PMID- 7264783 TI - Munchausen's syndrome--an interesting example. PMID- 7264782 TI - Toxic shock syndrome in Oklahoma. PMID- 7264784 TI - Autopsy sampling and elemental analysis: errors arising from post-mortem changes. AB - The implication of post-mortem changes such as cell swelling, imbibition and autolysis on the elemental composition of body organs has been studied in rats. Liver has been chosen as an example. Retaining the liver inside the intact dead body for different periods of time at ambient temperature induced significant changes in its weight due to post-mortem tissue degeneration. Livers from animals that were frozen at -15 degrees C also showed significant decreases in weight when they were thawed on the third day. The effect of these changes on the concentrations of various elements depended on the association of the elements with extracellular fluid and intracellular components. For example, concentration of K+ was affected more by the lysis of the cell and sustained losses up to 30 per cent. in relation to the control values, while the total content was reduced by more than 40 per cent. as a result of both lysis and tissue liquefaction. For Na+, differences ranging from +10 to -20 per cent. in concentrations and +20 to 40 per cent. in total content were observed which could be explained by the movement of fluid in and out of the organ. Among trace elements, variation observed for iron ranged from -20 to +40 per cent., while both copper and zinc were found to fluctuate between -20 and +20 per cent. The loss observed in the total content in the liver for the five trace elements studied (Cu, Fe, Mn, Rb and Zn) was found to be about 20 to 40 per cent. PMID- 7264785 TI - The ultrastructural morphology of the mesangial cell in IgA nephropathy. AB - By means of electron microscopy, three types of mesangial cell change were identified in IgA nephropathy. They represented proliferative, phagocytic and resting mesangial cells. The proliferative mesangial cells were characterised by the presence of centrioles, numerous free ribosomes, well developed Golgi apparatus and SER. They were found in the proliferative forms of IgA nephropathy. Phagocytic mesangial cells had numerous spinous cytoplasmic processes, better differentiated RER and numerous dense bodies and lipid inclusions. They were found in all histological forms of IgA nephropathy. The resting mesangial cells were unusual and were occasionally present in cases with normal numbers of mesangial cells. PMID- 7264786 TI - Vasculotoxic effects of dietary testosterone, estradiol, and cholesterol on chick artery. AB - Five-day-old female chicks were fed diets containing testosterone, estradiol, and cholesterol for 2 months. Cholesterol supplementation of 1 per cent. resulted in production of lipid vacuoles in the interlamellar connective tissue cells and to a lesser extent in the smooth muscle cells in the aorta; cholesterol had no effect on the coronary artery. The vasculo-toxic nature of estrogen was indicated when 0.05 per cent. dietary estradiol produced more accumulations of lipid vacuoles in smooth muscle cells, more extracellular lipid, and more smooth muscle cell death than cholesterol feeding. A dietary combination of cholesterol plus estradiol produced severe lipid deposition throughout the entire thickness of ascending aorta, and degenerative atherosclerotic changes in the coronary artery. Combined testosterone and estradiol supplementation resulted in peculiar dwarf chickens which exhibited increased vascular smooth muscle cell mitosis and degeneration. PMID- 7264787 TI - Thyroid autoimmunity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the case for routine screening. AB - Of 771 young diabetic patients, thyroid microsomal autoantibodies occurred in 136 (17.6%) at a female/male ratio of nearly 2:1 and with a predominance of white patients (20.1%) over black patients (5.5%) (P less than 0.001). Thus, one in every four white female patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had TMA. Thyroglobulin autoantibodies were no more common in patients with IDDM than among controls. Of the 117 patients (out of the 136) with serologic evidence of chronic thyroiditis who could be studied, eight (7%) had hyperthyroidism and 45 (38%) were hypothyroid. Hyperthyroidism usually preceded or coincided with the appearance of IDDM, whereas hypothyroidism occurred with or following the onset of IDDM. Hypothyroidism appeared irreversible in most patients, but in three, periods of hypothyroidism were followed by euthyroidism, presumably explained by a compensatory hyperplasia of the thyroid gland. In the 136 patients with TMA, gastric and adrenocortical autoantibodies also occurred at relatively high frequencies (16.8% and 5.1%, respectively). On the basis of these studies, we urge that all patients with IDDM be screened for TMA and that those with positive results undergo annual thyroid function tests as well as determinations of gastric parietal and adrenocortical autoantibodies. PMID- 7264788 TI - C-reactive protein in spinal fluid of children with meningitis. AB - We have evaluated a commercially available latex agglutination system for the detection of C-reactive protein in CSF by a prospective study of 56 patients with CSF pleocytosis. On initial lumbar puncture, C-RP was detected in 100% (24/24) of patients with culture-proven bacterial meningitis, compared to 6% (2/32) of patients in the nonbacterial group (chi 2 c = 44.8, P less than 0.0001). C-RP in CSF had a sensitivity of 1.0 and a specificity of 0.94 for detecting culture positive, bacterial meningitis. It was a more sensitive test for differentiating bacterial from nonbacterial meningitis on initial CSF examination than was the number of CSF leukocytes, the absolute number of CSF polymorphonuclear leukocytes, CSF glucose concentration, CSF protein concentration, or Gram staining of CSF. Detection of C-RP by latex agglutination may prove to be a practical and reliable method for differentiating bacterial from nonbacterial meningitis. PMID- 7264789 TI - Congenital hepatic fibrosis in children. AB - Twenty-seven children with congenital hepatic fibrosis were followed for three months to 12 years. Hepatosplenomegaly, normal liver function tests, and kidney abnormalities were present in most patients, indicating that a correct diagnosis of congenital hepatic fibrosis could be made using simple clinical, biologic, and radiologic criteria. Esophageal endoscopy showed varices in 21 patients. Sixteen children underwent portal-systemic shunt surgery. Follow-up examinations did not show any impairment of liver function or any sign of hepatic encephalopathy. Cholangitis was present in only three children. PMID- 7264790 TI - Diagnosis of iron deficiency: the limitations of laboratory tests in predicting response to iron treatment in 1-year-old infants. AB - This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of laboratory tests for iron deficiency (mean corpuscular volume, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin) in predicting hemoglobin response to iron therapy in infants found to have low Hgb concentrations. Screening for anemia was performed on capillary blood of 1,128 healthy 1-year-old infants of United States Air Force personnel. The 25% who had Hgb values less than 11.5 gm/dl were asked to return for tests on venous blood before therapy and again after three months of therapy. Of the 188 infants completing therapy, 66 (35%) had a rise in Hgb concentration greater than or equal to 1.0 gm/dl and were designated responders. None of the confirmatory tests on venous blood reliably distinguished responders from those who subsequently showed no response. By using any one of the tests in combination with a capillary Hgb value less than 11.5 gm/dl, more than half of the infants with an abnormal value responded. But well over half of the responders would have been missed if treatment had been restricted to infants with abnormal values. Neither changes in the criteria for normality nor combinations of tests substantially improved our ability to distinguish the two groups. Because of the difficulty in distinguishing responders from nonresponders with additional laboratory tests and because of the simplicity, low cost, and relative safety of iron therapy in infants, we favor an initial therapeutic trial of iron first for determining the cause of low Hgb values in similar high-risk populations. Further costly workup can then be reserved for the small number of infants who still have unexplained Hgb concentrations less than 11.0 gm/dl after a therapeutic trial. PMID- 7264791 TI - Angiomatous lymphoid hamartoma: inhibitory effects on erythropoiesis, growth, and primary hemostasis. AB - An 11-year-old boy was noted to have microcytic anemia, growth retardation, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and abnormal platelet function. An angiomatous lymphoid hamartoma was removed from the retroperitoneal space. Postoperatively the child exhibited a dramatic growth spurt and complete resolution of the abnormal laboratory measurements. Studies were performed before and after tumor removal to investigate the nature of the associated anemia, growth retardation, and altered hemostasis. There was no evidence of iron deficiency, thalassemia, or an antierythropoietin factor. Prolonged bleeding time and impaired ristocetin induced platelet aggregation normalized following tumor resection. Serum obtained before surgery inhibited lymphocyte proliferation in mixed lymphocyte culture as well as fibroblast growth in vitro. Detailed study of growth regulatory hormones failed to reveal significant alterations except for significantly reduced somatomedin which normalized after surgery. The factor(s) which inhibit in vitro cellular growth and lower in vivo plasma somatomedin concentration remain unknown. PMID- 7264794 TI - The positive function of denial. PMID- 7264792 TI - Elevated IgA concentration in milk produced by mothers delivered of preterm infants. AB - Concentrations of immunoglobulins G, M, and A were measured by double-antibody radioimmunoassay in morning milk samples collected during the first month postpartum from 35 mothers delivered of preterm infants and 14 mothers delivered of term infants. Mean concentrations of IgG (1.8, to 2.8 mg/gm protein) and IgM (2.8 to 11.7 mg/gm protein) were similar in milk from both groups of mothers. In contrast, IgA was present in significantly higher concentrations throughout the first month postpartum in milk from mothers delivered of preterm infants than in milk from those giving birth at term (P less than 0.01). To determine the effect of milk flow on IgA concentration, IgA was also measured in complete 24-hour milk collections; milk from mothers with preterm deliveries again contained significantly higher concentrations of IgA than milk from mothers with term deliveries (P less than 0.01). This higher IgA concentration was not secondary to method of milk expression. The concentration of IgA was found, however, to vary inversely with milk volume (P less than 0.01). Although mean values of milk volumes for the groups were not statistically different, the overall lower volumes of milk produced by mothers giving birth preterm resulted in comparable total IgA production per 24 hours. There were no differences in serum IgA concentrations of preterm infants fed their own mother's milk and comparable infants fed a cow milk formula, suggesting that IgA in milk is not absorbed from the intestine in significant amounts. PMID- 7264793 TI - The Wagner-Stickler syndrome: a study of 22 families. AB - The Wagner-Stickler syndrome is a hereditary progressive arthro-ophthalmopathy with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Affected persons may have a wide variety of ocular, orofacial, and skeletal problems. We examined 22 index patients and 68 of their relatives. Of these 90 persons (41 in the pediatric age group), 70 were found to have the syndrome. We determined the frequency of the various problems and identified several progressive features. We established an approximate age of onset in the group with known retinal disease and in the asymptomatic group identified by family screening. Although the latter group was initially more mildly affected, they were at risk to develop serious ocular problems. Screening all relatives of affected persons for nonocular features of the syndrome should permit early diagnosis in the asymptomatic group and improve the long-term prognosis. PMID- 7264796 TI - Etiology of osteomyelitis in patients with major sickle hemoglobinopathies. PMID- 7264797 TI - Fatal recurrent Curvularia brain abscess. PMID- 7264795 TI - Community asbestos exposure in Globe, Arizona. PMID- 7264799 TI - Biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency of infantile onset. PMID- 7264798 TI - The neonatal form of biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. PMID- 7264800 TI - Malignancy associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 7264801 TI - The occurrence of leukemia in patients with the Shwachman syndrome. PMID- 7264803 TI - White forelock, pigmentary disorder of irides, and long segment Hirschsprung disease: possible variant of Waardenburg syndrome. PMID- 7264802 TI - Plasma carnitine concentrations and dyslipidemia in children on maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 7264804 TI - Familial occurrence of congenital colonic atresia. PMID- 7264805 TI - Congenital heart disease, butterfly vertebrae, and extrahepatic biliary atresia: a variant of arteriohepatic dysplasia? PMID- 7264806 TI - Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome with autosomal dominant inheritance. PMID- 7264807 TI - Non-group D alpha-hemolytic streptococci: new neonatal pathogens. AB - Review of the bacteriologic records of a large city-county hospital from 1970 through 1980 has indicated a substantial increase in the frequency of isolation of non-group D alpha-hemolytic streptococci from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of neonates since 1978. These organisms accounted for 23% of all cases of neonatal septicemia and meningitis in 1980, and as a group were exceeded only by group B streptococci (28%) in prevalence. Most neonates (91.2%) had early-onset infection (mean age = 1.4 days); approximately one-third were premature (less than 36 weeks' gestation). Maternal obstetrical complications were common. Nearly 80% of the infants had signs or symptoms suggesting bacterial sepsis. Findings such as concomitant meningitis, shock, chest roentgenogram abnormalities, leukopenia, abnormal numbers of immature neutrophils, and death were infrequent when compared to those accompanying other invasive neonatal bacterial infections, suggesting that non-group D alpha-hemolytic streptococci may be less virulent for the neonate or that neonatal host defense mechanisms are more effective in containing the infection. Careful surveillance for these potential neonatal pathogens seems warranted. PMID- 7264808 TI - A scoring system to predict outcome following neonatal seizures. AB - Ninety-six newborn infants with seizures were scored during the initial hospitalization on abnormality of EEG, neurologic examination, etiology of seizures, length of seizure, type of seizure, and birth weight under or over 1,500 gm. At 3 months, corrected for gestational age, the 80 surviving infants were scored on abnormality of current EEG, neurologic examination, etiology of seizure, presence or absence of seizure since hospital discharge, and birth weight under or over 1,500 gm. At age 10 months, 76 of 77 surviving infants were evaluated with the Gesell Developmental Inventory, physical examination, and neurologic examination. Chi square analysis documented that the scoring system was an accurate predictor of those infants with seizure disorders, mental retardation, and motor dysfunction. The score may assist the clinician in making decisions in regard to anticonvulsant therapy during initial hospitalization or at age 3 months. PMID- 7264809 TI - Neonatal germinal matrix hemorrhage: evidence of a progressive lesion. PMID- 7264810 TI - Effect of intravenous flow rate and injection site on in vitro delivery of chloramphenicol succinate and in vivo kinetics. AB - The delivery rates of chloramphenicol succinate from a standard pediatric intravenous infusion set were studied in vitro at varying flow rates and injection sites of the infusion set. The pharmacokinetic properties of CAPS and chloramphenicol were then studied in 15 children given intravenous injections of CAPS via the infusion set at the flashball and Buretrol sites in a crossover fashion on successive days. In vitro, the actual times required for 95% delivery of CAPS from the infusion set were two- to fourfold longer than the predicted infusion times at flow rates of 5, 15, and 29 ml/min and at all three available injection sites. In vivo, flashball injections vs Buretrol injections resulted in significantly higher mean peak serum concentrations of CAPS and CAP, with peaks occurring significantly sooner after the beginning of the intravenous infusion. These results suggest a need for considering characteristics of CAPS infusion when monitoring and interpreting serum concentration values. PMID- 7264811 TI - The use of betaine for the treatment of homocystinuria. PMID- 7264812 TI - Management of neonatal gentamicin overdosage. PMID- 7264813 TI - Sustained-release theophylline for childhood asthma: evidence for circadian variation of theophylline pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7264814 TI - Patterns of communication among pediatric patients with leukemia, parents, and physicians: prognostic disagreements and misunderstandings. PMID- 7264815 TI - Brief clinical and laboratory observations. PMID- 7264816 TI - Sleep duration and television viewing. PMID- 7264818 TI - Childhood coronary risk. PMID- 7264817 TI - Standards of intrauterine growth for an African population at sea level. PMID- 7264819 TI - Linguistic development in PKU. PMID- 7264820 TI - Infections caused by Salmonella cholera-suis. PMID- 7264821 TI - Verapamil for PSVT in patients with WPW. PMID- 7264822 TI - Analysis of neonatal mortality. PMID- 7264823 TI - Delayed gastric emptying and gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 7264824 TI - Influence of race on neonatal mortality. PMID- 7264825 TI - Radioactive bromide partition test in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 7264826 TI - Location of carbohydrate in the tegument of the procercoid of Spirometra mansonoides. AB - Carbohydrate distribution within vesicles of the tegumental cytoplasm of the procercoid of Spirometra mansonoides indicated that there are at least three morphologically and histochemically different vesicular types, but only one vesicular type was present in the subtegumental perikarya. This distribution of vesicles and the presence of morphologically intermediate forms could represent either the discontinuous, sequential synthesis of the various vesicular types or continued differentiation of vesicles observed in the synthetic regions of the perikarya once they move to the tegumental cytoplasm. PMID- 7264827 TI - Localization of 3H-thymidine in oocyte Mitochondria from Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Cytoplasmic 3H-thymidine incorporated in oocytes of Schistosoma mansoni as seen on light microscope autoradiograms was removed by DNAase but not RNAase. On electron microscope autoradiograms, silver grains produced by 3H-thymidine were closely associated with mitochondria of oocytes. High resolution autoradiograms of 3H-actinomycin D, a compound which binds to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, showed a majority of extranuclear silver grains was associated with mitochondria of oocytes. Exposure of worm sections to 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), a compound that forms a fluorescent complex with DNA, produced a brilliant fluorescence in nuclei and cytoplasm of oocytes which was removed by DNAase but not RNAase. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine into nuclei and cytoplasmic components of oocytes was inhibited by two DNA-binding compounds, DAPI and acriflavin. This evidence indicted that the thymidine label emanated from mitochondrial DNA within the closely packed mitochondria of mature oocytes of S. mansoni. PMID- 7264828 TI - Photoreactivating enzyme activity in the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta. AB - There has been considerable speculation about the occurrence of photoreactivating enzyme in different organisms and about its biological purpose. We have developed a simple, sensitive assay for estimating pyrimidine dimers in DNA which is useful in making a rapid survey for the presence of the enzyme. Using this method, we have found photoreactivating enzyme activity in the tissues of the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. This parasite spends the majority of its life span in the bodies of its definitive or intermediate hosts, but a period is spent externally. We suggest that photoreactivating enzyme may be important in preserving the integrity of embryonic DNA during this free-living stage. PMID- 7264829 TI - Effect of electrical vagal stimulation on migration of hymenolepis diminuta. AB - Stimulation of the left efferent vagal nerve (2 msec, 5 V, 10 Hz), for up to 60 min in rats infected with 11-day-old Hymenolepis diminuta induced anteriad migration of worm scolex and biomass in the small intestine. Ligation at the pyloric sphincter prior to vagal stimulation shortened the length of time before significant relocation occurred and increased the migrational response. The results support the hypothesis that work migration is mediated via vagal stimulation of gastrointestinal function, and is unrelated to actual feeding. PMID- 7264830 TI - Migratory kinetics of Cuterebra fontinella (Diptera: cuterebridae) in the white footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. AB - Larvae of the rodent botfly, Cuterebra fontinella, follow a consistent migration route thorough their natural host, the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. Larvae that enter the eye or nares spend about 48 hr in the nasal cavity and then follow a caudally oriented path that leads through the nasal passage, trachea, thoracic and abdominal cavities, and ends in the subcutaneous tissues of the posteroventral abdominal region. Larvae that enter mice through the anus or by injection into the subcutaneous tissues of the back begin their migration from the trachea and from that point follow the usual path to the terminus. PMID- 7264831 TI - Histopathology in the rainbow darter, Etheostoma caeruleum, resulting from infections with the Acanthocephalans, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli and Acanthocephalus dirus. AB - The histopathology present in Etheostoma caeruleum naturally infected with the acanthocephalans, Acanthocephalus dirus and Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, was studied and described. The major difference in parasite-induced histopathology was related to the shallow penetration of A. dirus proboscides in the intestinal wall as compared to the penetration of P. bulbocolli. The host responded to the presence of the parasites with connective tissue hyperplasia and with an infiltration of leukocytes, predominantly lymphocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes. The response was greater to P. bulbocolli than to A. dirus. The complete penetration of the intestinal wall by the proboscis, bulb, and neck of P. bulbocolli elicited an intense host response. This resulted in the formation of a tunnel around the neck and capsule around the bulb and proboscis of the parasite. Damage to the epithelial lining of the intestine occurred in areas of contact with the trunk of the parasites. Concurrent infections were common, but there did not appear to be a synergistic effect as a result of the presence of both parasites. PMID- 7264832 TI - Antitrypanosomal action enhanced by photoaffinity labeling with ethidium analogs. AB - The trypanocidal activity of photoreactive azido analogs of ethidium was tested to determine the suitability of using such compounds as in vivo probes to study the mechanism of the antitrypanosomal activity of ethidium. Eight ethidium analogs, including three nonphotoreactive compounds, were tested for their ability to kill T. brucei both with and without photolytic activation. Two analogs tested, the monoamino-monoazido isomers, showed greater that 100-fold enhancement of trypanocidal activity following photolytic activation in situ. Without photolytic activation, only the nonphotoreactive monoamino precursor analogs showed activity greater than the parent ethidium compound. The availability of suitable ethidium analogs which can be covalently attached by in situ photoactivation provides a new approach for studying the mechanism by which ethidium exerts its trypanocidal activity. PMID- 7264833 TI - Electrophoretic demonstration of polymorphism of glucosephosphate isomerase in natural populations of paragonimus miyazakii. PMID- 7264834 TI - Inhibition of in vitro macrophage digestion capacity by infection with Leishmania donovani (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida). AB - Promastigotes of Leishmania donovani transformed into amastigotes and survived in cultured macrophages. Promastigotes of Leptomonas costoris, a kinetoplastid parasite of water striders, transformed into amastigotes but did not survive in cultured macrophages. A significant difference in size between the two species of parasitic protozoa allowed development of a bioassay in which the in vitro digestion rate of L. costoris was taken as a measure of macrophage digestive capacity following preinfection with L. donovani. In a 12- to 24-hr period, macrophage cultures infected with the 2S strain of L. donovani retained 50% more L. costoris than did control macrophages infected with L. costoris alone. The 2S strain has been in culture since 1967 and has retained its infectivity for hamsters, although its virulence is attenuated. In similar experiments with promastigotes of the Khartoum strain of L. donovani, a strain but evidently has lots its infectivity for hamsters, no such suppression of macrophage ability to digest L. costoris was observed. The results suggests that infective strains of Leishmania donovani suppress macrophage function beyond the time at which initial lysosomal fusion with the parasitophorous vacoule occurs. PMID- 7264836 TI - Ultrastructure of developing gamonts of Eimeria contorta Haberkorn, 1971 (Protozoa, Sporozoa) with emphasis on the host-parasite interface. AB - Gamonts of Eimeria contorta were observed in intestinal epithelial cells of rats on days 6 and 7 postinfection. Early gamonts of both sexes were bound by a single limiting membrane, underlain locally by additional membranes. Mature microgamonts were limited by a single membrane as well, whereas macrogametes had a three membrane pellicle. Amylopectin was found in gamonts of both sexes. Microgametes developed while connected to the microgamont's surface by a reinforced stalk. Flagellar basal bodies contained microtubules arranged in triplets. Macrogamonts contained labyrinthine wall-forming bodies (type 2) within cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum before homogeneous wall-forming bodies (type 1) were found in the cytoplasm. In both sexes, the host cell membrane of the parasitophorous vacuole showed numerous blebs and intravacuolar folds; the latter appeared to branch occasionally. Intravacuolar tubules (IT) were connected to the surface of macrogametes and also interconnected with each other. The IT may have functions other than nutrient uptake. A third type of intravacuolar structure found within macrogametes resembled coils of longitudinally striated tubules. In cross section, these coils consisted of a series of microtubules interconnected by membranous bridges. In advanced stages, the coils were arranged parallel to the macrogamete's surface, thus forming an "exterior layer." They may have a role in oocyst wall formation. PMID- 7264837 TI - Effect of ionophores on survival, penetration, and development of Eimeria tenella sporozoites in vitro. AB - Free Eimeria tenella sporozoites were exposed to the anticoccidial ionophores monensin, lasalocid, narasin, or salinomycin for 4 hr at 40 C, whereupon the drugs were removed by dilution centrifugation and the parasites inoculated into cultures of chick kidney cells. Cultures were fixed and stained at 4 and 96 hr postinoculation to determine the effect of ionophore uptake by the extracellular sporozoites on invasion and development. Pretreatment with each of these antibiotics significantly reduced the number of intracellular sporozoites and dramatically inhibited asexual development. These effects were dose-dependent. Exposure of free (extracellular) sporozoites to monensin at 40 C caused a significant decline in the number of surviving organisms over time as compared to nontreated sporozoites. This response also appeared to be dose-dependent. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the surface of the treated sporozoites was very irregular and the organisms often exhibited a gross swelling. These results indicated that free Eimeria tenella sporozoites may incorporate a potentially lethal concentration of the polyether ionophorous antibiotics and that a coccidiocidal activity may be expressed whether or not penetration of host's cells occurs. PMID- 7264835 TI - Immunoconglutinin and antibody against fibrinogen products in hemolytic anemia and nephritis resulting from infection with a Haemobartonella-like agent. AB - An agent morphologically similar to Haemobartonella muris was isolated from the blood of rats infected with a strain of Trypanosoma lewisi kept at this Department. It caused acute hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly, glomerulonephritis, and death within 5 to 8 days in mature Sprague-Dawley rats. The disease was less severe in weanling rats which usually recovered within 3 to 4 wk. The anemia was accompanied by phagocytosis of erythrocytes by monocytes of the spleen and bone marrow, by high titers of cold-active hemagglutinin, high titers of antibody to the third component of fixed complement (immunoconglutinin), and antibody to fibrinogen/fibrin related products. Filtrates of blood from anemic rats passing a 0.20-micron filter did not produce disease or signs of infections, but filtrate from a 0.45-micron filter was infective. Attempts to grow the agent on rat embryo fibroblast cultures and in embryonated chicken eggs were successful. Tests for bacteria, mycoplasma, and spirochetes gave negative results. Blood of infected rats did not produce signs of infections when inoculated into laboratory mice, and normal rats housed in cages with acutely infected rats did not develop signs of infection or disease. Morphological similarity did not allow differentiation of the agent from H. muris. However, its virulence for mature rats differs markedly from that usually seen in H. muris infection. PMID- 7264838 TI - Philophthalmus gralli: chemosensitivity of miracidia. AB - The responses of Philophthalmus gralli miracidia to various chemicals stimulative to other miracidial species were tested by contact and return (CR) to agar blocks containing chemicals and aggregation near a point inoculum in phi-chambers. Of a series of amino acids, glutamic and aspartic acid elicited the greatest responses in both tests, which were similar to that observed with snail-conditioned water. Sialic, acetic, hydrochloric, and sulfuric acids gave high percent CR at all concentrations tested but required higher levels to stimulate a significant miracidial response in phi-chambers. Miracidia were slightly responsive to Mg++ and ammonia in CR tests but only showed a significant reaction to 1.0 mM ammonia in phi-chambers. Attachment responses to the agar blocks by miracidia were noted at the higher concentrations of all chemicals tested except MgSO4 and NH4Cl. At 25 and 50 mM H2SO4 and HCl, contact with the agar block proved lethal to the miracidia. Miracidial behavior was klinokinetic rather than chemotactic in both test systems. PMID- 7264839 TI - Morphology and reproductive organs and oogenesis in bisexual and unisexual transplants of mature Schistosoma mansoni females. AB - Mature, egg-producing female worms from bisexual cercarial infections in mice were transplanted surgically either without male worms, to produce unisexual infections in recipient hamsters, or with male partners to produce bisexual infections. The morphology of the female reproductive organs and oogenesis in the unisexually and bisexually transplanted females were compared over a 9-day period. Females which paired with male worms in hamsters continued to produce eggs throughout the experiment. In contrast, unisexually transplanted females exhibited degeneration of the vitellaria at 3 days and the ovary at 6 days posttransplantation, although these worms produced fertilized oocytes as late as 9 days following transfer. Female worms which had degenerated upon separation from male worms for 3 mo regenerated and produced viable eggs when reunited with mature males. Thus, separation of females from their male partners leads to a reversible degeneration of the female reproductive tract. PMID- 7264840 TI - The effects of host sex and hormones on Trichinella spiralis in the mouse. AB - The effects of host's sex and hormones on the number of adult Trichinella spiralis in the small intestine, the number of migratory larvae produced in vitro by adult female worms, and the number of muscle larvae per gram of body weight were examined in CD-1 Swiss white mice. Nongonadectomized (intact) male mice housed greater numbers of adult worms and a greater number of muscle larvae per gram of body weight than did intact female mice. Adult female worms isolated from intact male mice deposited greater numbers of migratory larvae in vitro than did those obtained from intact female mice. These differences between intact male and intact female mice were eliminated by gonadectomy of male and female mice. Injection of increasing amounts of heterologous sex hormone into intact male and female mice was accompanied by decreasing rates of in vitro larvaposition by adult worms from male mice; but adult worms isolated from female mice showed increasing rates of in vitro larvaposition. Injection of heterologous sex hormone into gonadectomized male and female mice caused a reversal of the findings for intact, uninjected male and female mice stated above. This study has demonstrated that host sex and host sex hormones affect the biology of T. spiralis in the CD-1 Swiss white mouse. PMID- 7264841 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: conditions contributing to maximal cercarial harvests. PMID- 7264842 TI - A simple device to immobilize mice for infection with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. PMID- 7264843 TI - Antibody response to Leishmania mexicana in African white-tailed rats (Mystromys albicaudatus). PMID- 7264844 TI - Antigens in the serum of Macaca fascicularis infected with tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti. PMID- 7264845 TI - Virulent Naegleria sp. isolated from a river in Cadiz (Spain). PMID- 7264846 TI - Congenital cataracts--management and visual results (Cape Town 1956-1976). AB - A survey of 123 patients with congenital cataracts treated at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital in Cape Town between 1956 and 1976. The various factors influencing the functional prognosis were examined and correlated with the final visual outcome. Practicalities, both pre- and postoperative, involved in the management of these cases are discussed. Parental motivation and cooperation throughout the period of treatment is emphasized. PMID- 7264847 TI - Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. AB - There is growing evidence that a variety of corneal disorders may be expressions of altered immune mechanisms. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is probably such a condition. Typically described as arising from hypersensitivity to tuberculin protein, other antigens clearly may participate, particularly staphylococcus products. When corneal involvement occurs, it need not be confined to the peripheral cornea. The symptoms of the process may be disproportionate to obvious findings and so exaggerated as to suggest a psychiatric disorder. Resultant visual deficits, if the disease is corneal, progressive, unrecognized, and untreated may be profound. Representative examples of this disease are cited. Immune mechanisms are reviewed. The importance of recognizing the characteristic sign and symptom complex is stressed. Appropriate diagnostic studies and treatment regimens are presented. PMID- 7264848 TI - Benign recurrent VI nerve palsy in childhood. AB - The case of a child with six documented episodes of benign recurrent unilateral VI nerve palsy between the ages of 2 1/2 months and 3 years is presented. Despite the recognized self-limiting course of this disorder, its possible evolution into a comitant esotropia makes close follow-up mandatory. The practical aspects of management including maintenance occlusion therapy are stressed as well as the need for prompt surgical intervention once the acquired stabismus has become stabilized. The etiology of benign VI nerve palsy of childhood may have the same immunological basis as other cases of para-infectious neuropathy. This isolated postinfective cranial mononeuropathy easily blends into the continuum of neurological involvement seen with the Landry-Guillian-Barre syndrome. With recovery from the initial episode, the abducens nerve may have become predisposed to recurrent inflammatory episodes and recurrent loss of function. Most often these recurrences are triggered by febrile illnesses of childhood. PMID- 7264849 TI - Anterior transposition of the inferior oblique. AB - An analysis of the technique and the results of anterior transposition compared to standard recession surgery on the inferior oblique muscle has been presented. Several potential advantages of anterior transposition have been suggested. Certainly, more data are required to corroborate the conclusion of this study and to more clearly delineate the appropriate place for anterior transposition of the inferior oblique in the armamentarium of the strabismus surgeon. PMID- 7264850 TI - Idiopathic optic neuritis of childhood. AB - I saw two children who had painless unilateral visual loss due to papillitis of unknown cause. Loss of visual acuity was moderate to severe and was accompanied by a central scotoma and color vision impairment. In each case the optic disks were pale and swollen, and retinal exudates formed a partial star figure in the macula. Previous diagnostic considerations in one patient had led to an unnecessary neuroradiologic search for an intracranial lesion. Unilateral neuroretinitis is less common than the bilateral papillitis that usually occurs in children, but should not be mistaken for unilateral papilledema. The visual prognosis for unilateral optic neuritis is excellent; both patients improved to normal or nearly normal visual acuity without treatment, although subtle signs of previous optic neuritis persisted. PMID- 7264851 TI - Safety evaluation of BSS plus in pediatric intraocular surgery. AB - An open-label study was conducted to determine the safety of a new intraocular irrigating solution, BSS Plus, when used during pediatric ophthalmic surgery. BBS Plus is a modified glutathione-bicarbonate-Ringer's solution which contains the necessary ions, buffers, and substrates for maintenance of normal cellular metabolism, function, and structural integrity when used as a perfusate during ophthalmic surgical procedures. At three centers, 30 patients undergoing lens aspiration or anterior segment reconstruction using vitrectomy instrumentation were enrolled in this study. Transient postoperative increases in intracellular pressure and internal or external ocular inflammatory signs were seen which were consistent with the trauma produced by the surgical procedure. The solution was judged to be safe when used in these surgical indications. PMID- 7264852 TI - Orbital aspergillosis: report of a case in a child. AB - A child developed eyelid swelling that was diagnosed in succession as an abscess, eosinophilic granuloma, malignancy, and inflammatory pseudotumor. Treatment modalities included antibiotics, radiation and corticosteroids. Repeated histologic examination finally provided the diagnosis of orbital mycosis, most consistent with aspergillosis. Despite six weeks of therapy with Amphotericin B, an exenteration was required. Amphotericin B was continued for another six weeks, and there has been no evidence of recurrent disease after two years of follow-up. The problems encountered in the diagnosis and management of this unusual infectious disease of the orbit in children are discussed in detail. PMID- 7264853 TI - Ophthalmoplegia and ptosis in congenital fiber type disproportion. AB - Bilateral ophthalmoplegia and ptosis is reported for the first time in a patient with a rare neuromuscular disorder, congenital fiber type disproportion (CFTD). The importance of limb muscle biopsy in the diagnostic evaluation is emphasized. A summary is presented of other congenital neuromuscular diseases which may have associated ophthalmoplegia. PMID- 7264854 TI - Congenital cataracts associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum and cerebral dygenesis: a case report. PMID- 7264855 TI - Pathological features of the eye in the oculocerebrorenal (Lowe) syndrome. AB - We studied the eyes of a 13-year-old boy with Lowe syndrome and updated the microscopic ocular findings. These are interpreted as a mesoectodermal dysgenesis involving the anterior and posterior segment. The eye exhibits a greater variety of morphologic change than any other organ in Lowe syndrome. The microscopic findings, particularly in the lens, are highly suggestive of this disorder. The pathogenesis of the ocular and extraocular lesions in Lowe syndrome in unknown. Most of the ocular abnormalities are probably determined in the first two months of gestation and there is no apparent embryologic relation to extraocular abnormalities. Some manifestations of Lowe syndrome may be secondary to accumulation of polyamines, a class of compounds that includes cytotoxic byproducts of faulty dibasic amino acid metabolism. PMID- 7264856 TI - The diagnosis and management of the superior rectus suspension syndrome. AB - The diagnosis and management of patients having had superior rectus suspension procedures for the correction of blepharoptosis can be quite difficult. Patients who have had these procedures frequently present with a syndrome which included 1) history of an unknown type of ptosis surgery performed at least ten years ago, 2) good eyelid excursion, 3) minimal lid lag associated with marked lagophthalmos, 4) hypotropia, and 5) corneal scarring. One must evert the upper eyelid to demonstrate the pathognomonic adhesion between tarsus and the superior rectus muscle. The correct management of this condition is virtually impossible until the diagnosis is made. To correct the corneal and motility problems that result from superior rectus suspension procedures, the adhesion between the superior rectus muscle and the upper eyelid must be released. It is very easy to overlook this syndrome if one is unaware of its presentation. We present five patients who illustrate the superior rectus suspension syndrome. PMID- 7264857 TI - Development of the eyeball during fetal life. AB - Two hundred fifty-two undamaged human fetuses without external malformations were supplied by the human embryo and fetus collection of the Department of Anatomy, Kyoto University. The sagittal, vertical and horizontal diameters of the eyeball were measured by micrometer, and the transverse, vertical and horizontal circumferences of the eyeball were measured by mapmeter from photographs of the side views of the eye. All the diameters of the eyeball showed a parallel linear increase from the 12th to the 40th week of menstrual age. The increase of circumferences of the eyeball paralleled each other throughout the 12th to the 40th week. It is significant that the sagittal diameter of the eyeball is shorter than the vertical and transverse diameters during fetal life. The vertical meridian circumference of the eyeball is also shorter than the transverse and horizontal meridian circumferences during fetal life. These findings suggest that many infants are apt to have hyperopia at birth. PMID- 7264858 TI - Absent Meibomian glands and reduced corneal sensation in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. PMID- 7264859 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome. AB - Significant alcohol ingestion during pregnancy can cause a spectrum of malformation of various degrees of severity in offspring. The full expression of "fetal alcohol syndrome" includes reduced growth, facial anomalies, and mental retardation. Affected infants are usually of near-term gestation, but small in weight and length. They continue to exhibit decreased growth postnatally. Mental retardation appears to be related to the degree of dysmorphic severity of appearance. It is primarily caused by central nervous system pathology rather than social environment. The most prevalent ophthalmologic finding in our series of a short horizontal palpebral fissure appears to be due primarily to a marked increased in intercanthal distances between the medial canthi (primary telecanthus) and to less extent mild displacement of the lateral canthi. Ptosis, often asymmetric, was noted in a number of patients. Comitant convergent strabismus was present in about 50% of our cases; a few had amblyopia. An important observation was the frequent and often high degree of myopia in these children. Low-incidence anomalies include corneal opacities (Peters anomaly in one), cataract, tortuosity of retinal vessels, and long eyelashes. Our findings plus many observations in the literature establish that children with fetal alcohol syndrome are at considerable risk for a variety of eye problems. PMID- 7264861 TI - A Hebrew version of the Depression Adjective Check Lists. AB - In order to develop a Hebrew version of the Depression Adjective Check Lists (DACL) for use in research, the lists were translated by linguists and the adequacy of the translations determined. Reliability (split-half, alternate form, internal consistency, and test-retest) of translated lists E, F, and G were sufficiently high in the case of the first three and sufficiently low in the case of test-retest reliability of the state DACL. Concurrent validity was determined in three separate samples: correlations with (a)a 7-point self-rating scale of depression, (b)the MMPI-D Scale, (c)the Bradburn Scale of Psychological Well being, the Cantril Self-anchoring Striving Scale, and the Katz Social Adjustment Symptom Subscale, and demographic variables. Magnitude of correlations were sufficiently high and in the expected direction. Also, correlations with part scores of the Bradburn Scale of Well-being demonstrated the discriminant validity of the Hebrew version of the DACL. PMID- 7264860 TI - Validation of a projective measure of aggression-anxiety for five-year-old boys. AB - The validation of a projective measure of aggression-anxiety for five-year-old boys was carried out in three stages. The initial application of scaling technique to the cards from the CAT established an objective scale of the hostile content of the projective stimuli for a population of five-year-olds. Cards of low, medium, and high hostility were then selected for the validation of a scale of aggression-anxiety, using criterion groups based on teacher ratings. The scale was revised on the basis of an item analysis and successfully cross-validated on a new set of criterion groups. The hostile content of the cards did not prove to be a significant variable in projective expressions of aggression-anxiety although a subsidiary investigation of a scale of fantasy aggression did reveal the cards to be a significant variable. PMID- 7264862 TI - Incremental validity of the MMPI in neurological decision-making. AB - In a study employing actual clinical neurological cases, neurology residents and faculty demonstrated the "incremental validity" of the MMPI in neurological decision-making. The usefulness of this approach to the evaluation of psychological tests in practical clinical situations is confirmed. PMID- 7264863 TI - [Introduction to plasmidology. Signification in therapeutic and pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264864 TI - [Relative bioavailability study of sulfinpyrazine after oral administration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264865 TI - [Application of a micromethod for sampling and for the specific quantitative evaluation of quinidine. I. Pharmacokinetic study after intravenous administration in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264866 TI - [Absolute bioavailability of an aqueous solution of quinidine administered orally to the rat and evaluation of the enterohepatic cycle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7264867 TI - Drug polymer combinations. V. High performance liquid chromatographic determination and pharmacokinetic behaviour of the methacrylamide of procainamide. PMID- 7264868 TI - Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Microbial Sciences, Hiroshima. Abstracts. PMID- 7264869 TI - Purification and properties of two superoxide dismutases from human placenta. AB - Copper and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), and manganese containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) were purified from human placenta by heat treatment at 70 degrees for 5 min, following precipitation with ammonium sulfate and column chromatographies. The molecular weights of Cu,Zn-SOD and Mn SOD estimated by gel filtration were 32000 and 81000, respectively. From the result of SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Cu,Zn-SOD consisted of two subunits with an equal molecular weight of 16000 and Mn-SOD consisted of four subunits with an equal molecular weight of 21000. One g-atom each of copper and zinc was contained in the subunit of Cu,Zn-SOD, and one g-atom of manganese was contained in the subunit of Mn-SOD. Immunological properties of superoxide dismutases showed that no organ specificity existed but that a species specificity obviously existed. The method of Laurell's rocket immunoelectrophoresis which can determine Cu,Zn-SOD or Mn-SOD on the basis of the immunological difference has been established. The contents of Cu,Zn-SOD and Mn SOD in various human tissues were measured by this method. PMID- 7264870 TI - Experimental pharmacological study on partial sympathicotonia in restraint and water immersion stressed animals. AB - In order to obtain evidences supporting the previous suggestion that restraint and water immersion stressed (RWIS) animals are possibly in the state of partial sympathicotonia, further investigations have been carried out. 1) In the experiment on the influence from the adrenal, the preadministration of dexamethasone, spironolactone or metopirone did not affect the enhancement of response to acetylcholine (ACh) of the duodenum isolated from RWIS mice, while adrenalectomy inhibited both the enhancement of response to ACh and the reduction of response to noradrenaline (NA) of isolated duodenum and vas deferens of RWIS mice. The potentiation of the response to ACh of the duodenum isolated from the adrenalectomized RWIS mouse, on the other hand, was little affected by the pretreatment of dexamethasone. These results suggest that in the RWIS animal the influence from the adrenal medulla is greater than that from the adrenal cortex. 2) In the experiment on the influence from the autonomic nervous system, the treatment of RWIS mice with an adrenergic neuron degenerating agent to cause chemical denervation was found to suppress the potentiation of the response to ACh of isolated duodenum and vas deferens, suggesting the participation of the adrenergic neuron. A vagotomy showed little effect on responses either to ACh or NA of isolated duodenum and vas deferens from RWIS mice. A sympathectomy, however, suppressed these changes in responses, particularly reduction of response to NA was markedly inhibited to the normal level. These findings indicate that the excessive sympathicotonic state in the RWIS animal was remitted by sympathectomy. It may be concluded that the results of present investigations utilizing adrenalectomy, vagotomy and sympathectomy may present evidences for the previous suggestion that the RWIS animal might be in the state of partial sympathicotonia. PMID- 7264871 TI - Distribution of cephalothin to the exudate in comparison with the plasma or lymph concentrations in croton oil-induced inflammatory rats. AB - The transport of cephalothin (CET) to the exudate was investigated in croton oil induced inflammatory rats following the intramuscular administration of CET aqueous solution, CEt-O/W emulsion, or CET-W/O emulsion. The lymphatic transport of CET was the highest following the administration of W/O emulsion. The exudate level of CET was in a decreasing order of W/O emulsion, O/W emulsion, and aqueous solution. In the rat whose blood vessels at femoral rectus, the site of administration, were ligated, the plasma level was decreased by the administration of aqueous solution, but not by W/O emulsion. The exudate level of CET was significantly higher in case of W/O emulsion. Possible mechanisms involved are discussed. PMID- 7264872 TI - Determination of methylergometrine and dihydroergotoxine in biological fluids. AB - New hapten-carrier conjugates were prepared from 9,10-dihydro-N-[1 (hydroxymethyl)propyl]-6-methylergoline-8-carboxamide 1-hemisuccinate (dihydromethylergometrine hemisuccinate) by coupling with bovine serum albumin employing the mixed anhydride technique. The specificity of anti dihydromethylergometrine antiserum elicited in the rabbits by immunization with this antigen was tested by cross-reaction studies with methylergometrine, dihydroergotoxine, dihydroergocristine and dihydroergotamine employing [9,10-3H] dihydromethylergometrine and [9,10-3H]-dihydroergocryptine in the radioimmunoassay procedure. These cross reactivities were observed 100% for methylergometrine, 48.3% for dihydroergotamine, 16.6% for dihydroergotoxine and 6.6% for dihydroergocristine using labeled dihydromethylergometrine. When labeled dihydroergocriptine was the results were 18.3%, 112.1%, 100% and 63.8%, respectively. Methylergometrine concentrations in the postpartal plasma and milk at 2 hr after oral administration of methylergometrine maleate (0.75 mg) to woman were 5.1 ng/ml and 1.3 ng/ml, respectively. Dihydroergotoxine concentrations in the rabbit sera after oral administration of dihydroergotoxine methanesulfonate (4 mg) were studied. The assay was satisfactory to permit the measurement of ergot alkaloid levels in the biological fluids. PMID- 7264873 TI - Saframycin S, a new saframycin group antibiotic. AB - Saframycin S, structurally the decyano-saframycin A and biosynthetically the precursor of saframycin A, is a new antibiotic and is assumed to be the active principle for the formation of the antibiotic-DNA complex to manifest its activity. In the present study on the biological activity of saframycin S, the antibiotic showed a marked activity against Ehrlich ascites tumor with the doses of 0.5 to 0.75 mg/kg/day for 10 days, and the rate of 40-day survivors was 80 to 90%. However, this antibiotic was less effective against P388 leukemia than saframycin A at the doses tested. Saframycin S also showed the highest antimicrobial activity, in particular against gram-positive bacteria, among the saframycin group antibiotics identified to date. the LD50 of saframycin S was 3.2 mg/kg (i.p.) for ddY mice. The biological activity and toxicity of saframycin S in relation to its structure were described. PMID- 7264874 TI - Comparative hepatic transport of sulfobromophthalein and its glutathione conjugate in rats. AB - The hepatic transport of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and its glutathione conjugate (BSP-GSH) were compared in rats by pharmacokinetic analysis in an attempt to determine the effect of conjugation on the over-all transfer of BSP from blood into bile. In the control rats, the plasma disappearance of BSP was faster than that of BSP-GSH, while the biliary excretion rate of BSP-GSH was significantly higher than that of BSP for the first 10 min. No significant difference in the total amount excreted in the bile for 4 hr was observed between two dyes. In the rats chronically intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride, typical delays were shown in both the plasma disappearance and the biliary excretion of BSP-GSH. In the control rats, the pharmacokinetic parameters, k12 and k23 of BSP-GSH were significantly smaller than those of BSP, while k34 was significantly greater than those of BSP. In the intoxicated rats, significant decreases were observed in k12, k23 and k34. The binding of BSP and BSP-GSH to the Y-fraction prepared from the control and intoxicated rats were studied by equilibrium dialysis. In the control rats, the number of high affinity bindings sites (n1) of BSP-GSH was significantly smaller than that of BSP, while no significant difference was revealed in the binding constant of the high affinity binding site (K1). In the intoxicated rats, both n1 and K1 of BSP-GSH were significantly smaller than those of the control rats. It was suggested that the glutathione conjugation might not play as the rate-determining step in the over-all hepatic transport of BSP. PMID- 7264875 TI - Antihypertensive effects of nifedipine on conscious normotensive and hypertensive rats. AB - Hypotensive actions of single and repeated administrations of nifedipine were evaluated in comparison with hydralazine in normotensive, spontaneously hypertensive and renal hypertensive rats. Substantial and prolonged falls in blood pressure were observed following oral dosing with 3 mg/kg of nifedipine in renal hypertensive rats, with 10 mg/kg of nifedipine in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats and with 10 mg/dg of hydralazine in all three groups of animals. The hypotensive effect of nifedipine was greater in both forms of hypertensive rats than the normotensive rats, while there was no difference in the hypotensive effect of hydralazine in normotensive and hypertensive animals. In spontaneously hypertensive rats tolerance to nifedipine and hydralazine was not observed with oral administrations for 4 weeks at a daily dose of 10 mg/kg. An increase in heart rate always accompanied the hypotension induced by both drugs, but this tachycardia was seen to a lesser extent with nifedipine than with hydralazine. The mechanism of the selective action of nifedipine in hypertensive rats in contrast to normotensive rats is discussed. PMID- 7264877 TI - Empirical assessment of visceral self-perception: individual and sex differences in the acquisition of heartbeat discrimination. AB - This study had two aims: (a) to test precisely the degree to which subjects can learn to discriminate their own heartbeats and (b) to pursue preliminary data suggesting that males and females differ in their ability to learn such discriminations. A new methodology, based on the theory of signal detection, was employed to evaluate objectively and quantitatively the performance of nine male and nine female subjects. The results confirmed the validity of the new methodology for assessing heartbeat detection and also confirmed earlier observations that males are able to learn to detect their own heartbeats but females are not. The results are discussed with particular reference to implications for viscerally based theories of emotion. PMID- 7264876 TI - Life stress, life-styles, depression, and illness in adult women. AB - The relationships between life stress and depression and physical illness were investigated in a sample of 122 normal adult women. Results indicated that life stress was associated with both illness and depression in this sample but that both type of stress and life-style were important moderators of these relationships. Thus, work stresses were associated with illness (not depression), and the relationship between life stress and illness was strongest among work centered women. Family stresses were associated with depression (not illness), and the relationship between life stress and depression was strongest among housewives. Implications for sex role definitions are discussed. PMID- 7264878 TI - How affiliation affects stress in fear and anxiety situations. AB - In this study I have attempted to determine why the presence of calm others reduces one's arousal in a fear situation but intensifies one's arousal in an anxiety situation. In the fear situation, the person anticipated receiving a physically painful stimulus, whereas in the anxiety condition, the person anticipated receiving an innocuous but embarrassing stimulus. The results of three experiments indicated that (a) a person stressed by fear context only undergoes stress reduction with a calm other present if he can look at the calm other; (b) the mere presence of a co-participant is stress inducing for a person stressed by an anxiety context; (c) the stressed fear person directs attention outward toward impinging environmental stimuli, whereas the highly aroused anxiety person does not or cannot do so. It was argued that stressed fear persons are able to model a calm co-participant because their attention is directed outward, whereas stressed anxiety persons cannot model a calm co-participant because their attention is turned inward. Some ideas are offered as to how a calm model may be able to serve as a stress preventer for a person in an anxiety situation. PMID- 7264880 TI - Person perception and the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern. AB - The present study investigated the influence of the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern on attribution processes. Given the exaggerated achievement striving and competitiveness of Type A's, it was predicted that these individuals would be more motivated to succeed in a prisoner's dilemma game than would Type B's. Increased motivation to succeed was predicted to lead Type A's to exaggerate the amount of dispositional information they would believe they had inferred from observing the behavior of a future opponent, since such a belief would lead to increased confidence about predicting the target's behavior and thus increase subjects' perceived control over the outcome. Results supported the predictions when the hard-driving competitiveness dimension of the Type A pattern was used as the individual difference variable. Moreover, evaluations of future opponents in the prisoner's dilemma game also differed as a function of the hard-driving competitive dimension. Results are discussed in terms of a person by situation interactive model of motivational influences on attribution processes, and in terms of potential interpersonal effects of the cognitive behavior of Type A individuals. PMID- 7264879 TI - Cross-modal physiological effects of electrodermal lability in the detection of deception. AB - This study examined the effects of individual differences in electrodermal lability on cardiovascular, respiratory, and electrodermal responses (EDRs) in the detection of deception. One Day 1 each of 74 subjects rested quietly for 3 min. while skin conductance was recorded. Electrodermal lability was scored for each subject, those giving frequent nonspecific EDRs being labiles and those giving few being stabiles. On Day 2, usually 1 week later, 40 of the subjects attempted to deceive a professional polygraph examiner in a field-type test. The 34 remaining subjects attempted to convince the examiner, who was blind as to each subject's condition, that they were indeed being truthful. Deception by stabile subjects was detected less frequently than was deception by labile subjects. Among truthful subjects, the more labile were falsely detected as deceptive on more questions than were their stabile counterparts. Although accuracy of detection was greatest with the EDR, the effects of lability on detection were similar for electrodermal, cardiovascular, and respiratory measures. Labiles also had a higher heart rate during the polygraph test than did stabiles. PMID- 7264881 TI - A physiological investigation of volitional and nonvolitional experience during posthypnotic amnesia. AB - Highly responsive hypnotic subjects, who were classified as having control over remembering (voluntaries) or not having control over remembering (involuntaries) during posthypnotic amnesia, were compared with each other on four physiological measures (heart rate, electrodermal response, respiration rate, muscle tension) during posthypnotic recall. Two contextual conditions were employed: One was meant to create pressure to breach posthypnotic amnesia (lie detector instructions); the other, a relax condition, served as a control. The recall data confirmed earlier findings of Howard and Coe and showed that voluntary subjects under the lie detector condition recalled more than the other three samples that did not differ from each other. However, using another measure of voluntariness showed that both voluntary and involuntary subjects breached under lie detector conditions. Electrodermal response supported the subjects' reports of control in this case. Physiological measures were otherwise insignificant. The results are discussed as they relate to (a) studies attempting to breach posthypnotic amnesia, (b) the voluntary/involuntary classification of subjects, and (c) theories of hypnosis. PMID- 7264882 TI - Kinetics of trans-cinnamic anhydride reactions catalyzed by pyridine, 4 dimethylaminopyridine, and N-methylimidazole. AB - The kinetics of hydrolysis of trans-cinnamic anhydride and of its reactions with hydroxy compounds were studied in the presence of pyridine, 4 dimethylaminopyridine, and N-methylimidazole as catalysts. The absolute rates of the catalyzed hydrolysis decreased with increasing acetonitrile content (decreasing solvent polarity), but the catalytic efficiency of N-methylimidazole and 4-dimethylaminopyridine relative to pyridine increased as the solvent polarity decreased. The relative catalytic rates for the cinnamoylation of n propanol in acetonitrile were 1:259:16,000 for pyridine, N-methylimidazole, and 4 dimethylaminopyridine, respectively. PMID- 7264883 TI - Optimal perfusion rate determined for in situ intestinal absorption studies in rats. AB - Iopanoic acid was used as a model compound to study the effect of the intestinal perfusion rate on the mean absorption clearance. Absorption of iopanoic acid followed first-order kinetics, with a first-order absorption rate constant (ka) linearly dependent on the dry intestinal weight. An absorption clearance--time plot revealed three phases. Phase I represented an equilibration phase, Phase II was a uniform phase, and Phase III was a physiological deterioration of the animal under prolonged anesthesia. The variability in the observations during Phase II of the absorptive clearance--time profiles was assessed statistically, and the minimum occurred at 9.9 microliters/sec (0.594 ml/min). The relation between the coefficient of variance (CV) and the perfusion rate is given by CV = (-5.52 X 10(-5)Q3 + (2.78 X 10(-3)Q2 - (3.87 X 10(-2)Q + 0.243, where Q is the perfusion rate through the intestinal lumen. These studies demonstrate that an optimal flow rate exists for minimizing the variability in in situ absorption studies. The dependency of the absorption clearance on the intestinal perfusion rate appears to conform to the convective diffusion model. PMID- 7264884 TI - Mixing of pharmaceutical solids. II: Evaluation of multicomponent mixing of cohesive powders in cylindrical shear mixer. AB - The mixing of three organic carboxylic acids with micronized lactose, all cohesive in nature, was studied using a cylindrical shear mixer. Three mixing indexes (s/sigma A, s/sigma R, and the Ashton-Valentin mixing index) were used to evaluate mixing of the three drugs with lactose. The results suggested that maximum homogeneity was reached after 45 min of mixing. However, different mixing indexes showed different sensitivity to homogeneity of the individual components. The mixing index s/sigma A, which is based on setting standard specifications, appears to provide a better evaluation of homogeneity of individual components compared to the mixing indexes based on complete random mixing theory. The latter did not approach unity for any drug component used in this study. These results suggested that mixing of cohesive powders is a complex process and cannot be explained fully by simple theory based on complete random mixing. PMID- 7264885 TI - Mixing of pharmaceutical solids. III: Multivariate statistical analysis of multicomponent mixing. AB - The multicomponent mixing for cohesive powders was evaluated by multivariate statistical methods. Tests were carried out for the sampling technique, completely random state and completely segregated state. Hotelling's statistics were not helpful in testing the practical sampling technique. Comparisons of the mixing indexes based on univariate and multivariate statistics indicated excellent consistency in optimizing mixing time. Neither mixing index approached unity because cohesive powders do not reach a completely random state. The multivariate mixing index was smaller than the univariate indexes largely due to interparticular forces among small cohesive particles. PMID- 7264886 TI - Protein binding and erythrocyte partitioning of the antirheumatic proquazone. AB - The kinetics of proquazone, a new nonacidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, were investigated by equilibrium dialysis and red blood cell partitioning methods on human blood and its subcompartments: erythrocytes, plasma, and plasma water. The binding of this lipophilic compound to plasma proteins and albumin was high (98%) and was not concentration dependent or altered in the presence of large concentrations of metabolites. The plasma protein binding of proquazone increased with increasing pH. The apparent solubility of the hydrophobic drug was largely increased in buffers in which albumin was admixed in high concentrations. Albumin as a biological solubilizer permits intravenous administration of significantly larger amounts of the drug. The erythrocyte--buffer partition coefficient averaged 5.5 and was pH dependent. Equilibrium between red blood cells and the buffer was obtained quickly after drug addition (less than 2 min). The erythrocyte--plasma partition coefficient value of 0.09 indicated that only unbound drug partitions into red cells. PMID- 7264887 TI - Simultaneous determination of imipramine, desipramine, and their 2-hydroxy metabolites in plasma by ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. AB - An ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, using an electrochemical detector, is presented for the simultaneous and rapid quantitation of imipramine desipramine, and their 2-hydroxylated metabolites in plasma. The drugs are extracted from 1 ml of plasma at pH 9.7 with ether, back extracted into 0. M HCl, and reextracted into ether following alkalinization. An efficient electrochemical oxidation reaction at the detector electrode affords a low detection level of approximately 5 ng/ml in a mobile phase of acetonitrile- acetate buffer (40:60) containing 0.005 M heptanesulfonate. Patient data are presented as correlations between the plasma level of each hydroxy metabolite and its respective parent compound. The method is applicable to the laboratory experienced in HPLC. PMID- 7264888 TI - Kinetics of aspirin, salicylic acid, and salicyluric acid following oral administration of aspirin as a tablet and two buffered solutions. AB - Twelve fasting normal volunteers received three aspirin dosage forms in a single dose, complete crossover study; the plasma and urine levels of aspirin, salicylic acid, and salicyluric acid were measured for 10 hr. The three dosage forms were an unbuffered tablet, an effervescent solution with 16 mEq of buffer, and an effervescent solution with 34 mEq of buffer. Significant differences in the absorption rate were observed, with the solution having 16 mEQ of buffer being fastest, the solution having 34 mEq of buffer being intermediate, and the tablet being slowest. These differences are attributed to gastric emptying rates and tablet dissolution. Urine pH and renal clearance for all three acid compounds are influenced by the buffer during the first 2 hr following dosing but not later. Area under the curve comparisons suggest that approximately 20% more aspirin reaches the general circulation intact following the tablet but that the total amount of salicylate absorbed is not different. Further studies are required to select the optimal buffer content to provide rapid absorption with minimal sodium dose and urine alkalinization. PMID- 7264889 TI - Effect of surfactant on tetracycline absorption across everted rat intestine. AB - Absorption of tetracycline hydrochloride (500 micrograms/ml) from oxygenated modified Krebs buffer in randomized everted rat jejunal segments was determined alone and in the presence of calcium, polysorbate 80, and calcium plus polysorbate 80. Surfactant increased absorption of tetracycline in the presence and absence of calcium, with 0.01% (w/v) polysorbate 80 increasing transfer to the greatest extent of the concentrations examined(0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 1%); tetracycline hydrochloride + 12.5 mM CaCl2, 143 +/- 45 micrograms/ml; tetracycline hydrochloride + polysorbate 80, 389 +/- 18 micrograms/ml; tetracycline hydrochloride + 12.5 mM CaCl2 + polysorbate 80, 255 +/- 31 micrograms/ml. On the premise that the effective surfactant concentration is similar to the critical micelle concentration, an absorption mechanism based on micellar solubilization is postulated. PMID- 7264890 TI - Structural functions of the sweet pharmacophore. AB - The relative sweetness, onset times, and durations of response of D-glucose, D xylose, D-quinovose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, and D-fucose were determined at four temperatures. The results can be interpreted by simple concepts of intramolecular hydrogen bonding which indicate that the so-called gamma-function of the tripartite AH,B, gamma sweet pharmacophore plays little or no part in sugar sweetness. Probably the Lemieux effect (intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxymethyl substituent and the 4-hydroxy group) is of overriding importance in determining sugar sweetness, and the separate features of intensity and time of response indicate distinct functions of chemoreception. The absence of a gamma-function in simple hydrophilic molecules such as glucose has already been emphasized. This function distinguishes them from the artificial sweetners such as saccharin, which may be 500 times or more sweeter than sucrose, depending on their stereostructure and lipophilicity. PMID- 7264891 TI - Crystal structure and solid-state behavior of aspirin anhydride crystals. AB - The crystal structure and solid-state behavior of aspirin anhydride were determined using single-crystal X-ray techniques and microscopic examination of the reacting crystals. The crystal structure and solid-state conformation of aspirin anhydride were similar to those of related compounds. The crystal packing of aspirin anhydride allows the initial product of the solid-state reaction to be predicted; however, this prediction could not be tested because the thermal degradation products reported in the literature appear to be those obtained from reaction in a liquid state. PMID- 7264892 TI - Comparisons of rotamer populations of nialamide, azaperone, and chloroquine in solid state and in solution. AB - IR and NMR spectroscopy were combined with previously published X-ray crystallographic data to determine the solution conformations of the -(CH2)n- fragments of nialamide, azaperone, and chloroquine. The solution conformation of these compounds then was compared to the solid-state conformation. In addition, the limits of the IR-X-ray method are discussed. This paper shows that a combination of IR, NMR, and X-ray crystallographic data can lead to a complete picture of the conformations available to drugs. In addition, the danger of using solid-state conformational data alone to make pharmacological suggestions is illustrated. PMID- 7264893 TI - Densification of powders by concavo-convex roller compactor. AB - By means of a concavo-convex roller compactor, several pharmaceutical powders were compressed into sheets or flakes, which then were reduced in size by an oscillating granulator to form compacted granules. Several properties (bulk density, drop density, repose angle, and flow rate) of the powders and compacted granules were determined and compared. The primary effect of the roller compactor was to increase the bulk density without a significant change in flowability. Two materials compacted at five pressures demonstrated that the bulk and drop density are linearly related to the logarithm of compaction pressure. PMID- 7264895 TI - Pharmacokinetic evidence for possible renal accumulation of model organic anions in rats. AB - The urinary excretion and blood level kinetics of p-methylbenzoylformic acid (I) after intravenous infusion for 1 hr were studied in rats. The determined first order half-lives were compared with those determined in studies in which a single intravenous dose of I was administered rapidly to rts that previously were infused with normal saline for 1 hr. While the blood t 1/2 or body clearance of I determined in the 1-hr infusion studies was similar to that determined in the single intravenous dose studies, the urinary of t 1/2 of I determined in the 1-hr infusion studies was significantly greater than that determined in the single intravenous dose studies. In infusion studies where the half-lives of I were determined in the presence of renal tubular secretion inhibitor, DL-tropic acid (II), the ratio of (urinary t 1/2)II present/(urinary t 1/2)II absent was almost twice the ratio of (blood t 1/2)II present/(blood t 1/2)II absent. The urinary t 1/2 value of I determined after infusion for only 10 min was intermediate between values obtained in the single intravenous dose studies and the 1-hr infusion studies. These data provide pharmacokinetic evidence to support the hypothesis that I and other organic anions temporarily accumulate in the surface-lying renal tubular cells after a single intravenous dose, but they tend to penetrate into the deeper renal tubular cells upon intravenous infusion, with depth of penetration increasing with increasing infusion time. PMID- 7264894 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide in plasma and urine: preliminary results of clinical studies. AB - High-pressure liquid chromatographic procedures were developed for the determination of chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide in plasma and urine. The plasma assay incorporates a preextraction procedure that eliminates interference by endogenous substances. Chromatography is carried out on an octadecyl reversed phase column. Mobile phases are 15% methanol in 0.01 M acetic acid for plasma and 4% acetonitrile in 0.01 M sodium perchlorate, adjusted to pH 4.6, for urine. At a flow rate of 2.5 ml/min, the retention times for chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide are 3.5 and 4.6 min for plasma and 10.5 and 13.5 min for urine, respectively. Preliminary results of a clinical study in fasting male volunteers showed that the plasma levels and urinary excretion rate of chlorothiazide peaked at 1-2 hr following a 500-mg oral dose and subsequently declined irregularly. On the other hand, the plasma levels and urinary excretion rate of hydrochlorothiazide peaked at 2-3 hr following a 50-mg oral dose and subsequently declined in biphasic fashion. Urinary excretion rates of both chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide closely resemble their concentration profiles in plasma. PMID- 7264896 TI - Electrophoretic properties of sulfamethoxazole microcapsules and gelatin-acacia coacervates. AB - The electrophoretic properties of sulfamethoxazole microcapsules and the coacervates prepared by gelatin-acacia coacervation were investigated. The effects of the parameters in the microcapsule preparation, such as the coacervation pH, amount of formaldehyde used for hardening, and drying method of the coacervates, on the zeta-potential of the resultant microcapsules were clarified. The Buchner effect was observed in coacervates in an electric field, which indicated that the coacervate wall was flexible. The zeta-potential versus pH curves of the coacervates appeared on the upper side of the plain sulfamethoxazole, while those of the microcapsules dried conventionally shifted to the lower side due to the denaturation of the gelatin in the microcapsule wall, which occurred during drying. Spray drying increased the denaturation of gelatin, which imparted a negative charge to the spray-dried microcapsules. Formalization of the coacervates refined the electrophoretic behavior of the microcapsules, depending on the amount of formaldehyde used. The zeta-potential of the plain sulfamethoxazole also was measured in the simulated coacervation solution to analyze the mechanism of coacervation electrophoretically. PMID- 7264897 TI - Semiautomated assay for indapamide in biological fluids. AB - A sensitive fluorescence procedure for the determination of indapamide in plasma and whole blood was developed. The procedure requires preextraction of the biological sample followed by continuous-flow analysis. The assay is sensitive to indapamide levels of 25 ng/ml in plasma and blood. A linear response from 25 to 200 ng/ml is observed. The procedure also can be used to measure urinary levels of indapamide. The assay has been used to obtain whole blood and plasma level curves from subjects receiving 2.5 mg of indapamide. PMID- 7264898 TI - Sulfoconjugation and glucuronidation of salicylamide in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Sulfoconjugation and glucuronidation of salicylamide by isolated hepatocytes were examined with various concentrations of salicylamide and sodium sulfate. The ratio of sulfate to glucuronide formed changed markedly, depending on the concentrations of salicylamide and inorganic sulfate in the medium. The apparent Km value of sulfoconjugation for salicylamide was 0.006 mM, while its Vmax value varied depending on the concentration of inorganic sulfate (e.g., 2.1 and 0.5 nmoles/min/10(6) cells at 1.2 and 0.5 mM inorganic sulfate, respectively). The Km and Vmax values of glucuronidation for salicylamide were 0.19 mM and 1.28 nmoles/min/10(6) cells, respectively, in the absence of sodium sulfate. Glucuronidation was suppressed in the presence of inorganic sulfate. The suppression could be attributable to the competitive consumption of salicylamide by sulfotransferase. Additional in vivo experiments revealed that an extra amount of salicylamide markedly lowered the blood inorganic sulfate levels of rats. The significance of the finding is discussed in conjunction with the variation of the Vmax value of sulfoconjugation with the inorganic sulfate concentration. PMID- 7264899 TI - Kit preparation of radioiodinated o-iodohippuran. AB - The purpose of this study ws to evaluate a kit preparation for radioiodinated o iodohippuran (I). All ingredients, excluding the radionuclide, were packaged in a ready-to-use kit for easy, quick formulation. Electrophoresis was utilized to evaluate the radiochemical purity of the labeled product and indicated that the radiolabeling technique provided a product with greater than 95% radiochemical purity. Biodistribution studies in rats and rabbits provided an indication of the tissue distribution and localization of the radiopharmaceutical. Computer generated renogram curves plotted from gamma-camera images of rabbits showed the equivalency of the 131I-labeled I and 123I-labeled I to the commercially available radiopharmaceutical. PMID- 7264900 TI - Semiaqueous potentiometric determinations of apparent pKa1 values for benzothiadiazines and detection of decomposition during solubility variation with pH studies. AB - Apparent acidity constants obtained for various benzothiadiazine diuretics by semiaqueous potentiometric titrations gave satisfactory agreement with many values obtained by aqueous potentiometry. One suitable method for determining the acidity constants of sparingly soluble drugs, the solubility variation with pH technique, does not take into account instability problems. The preparation of decomposition products and the TLC analysis of sample solutions at various time intervals during solubility studies of methyclothiazide and bendroflumethiazide indicated that decomposition takes place during agitation and equilibration. This decomposition in buffers of pH 8 and higher was confirmed with the acidified p dimethylaminobenzaldehyde test for primary aromatic amines. PMID- 7264901 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of perhexiline maleate in plasma. AB - A sensitive assay is described for the calcium antagonist perhexiline maleate. Alkalinized plasma was extracted with nb-hexane, the organic phase was evaporated, and the residue was dansylated prior to analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using a fluorescence detector. Perhexiline was resolved from its mono- and dihydroxylated metabolites, and the limit of sensitivity was 5 ng of perhexiline/ml. This limit represents approximately 100 times the sensitivity of the previously described GLC assay. Single-dose pharmacokinetic studies were performed with 150- and 300-mg oral doses of perhexiline maleate in five patients with severe angina pectoris and impaired left ventricular function. Peak plasma perhexiline levels occurred 3-6 hr after drug ingestion in four patients and after 12-18 hr in the fifth patient. The mean elimination half-life, measured 24 hr after drug ingestion, varied with plasma perhexiline concentration. It was 11.2 +/- 2.1 hr after the 150-mg dose and 19.1 +/- 2.8 hr after the 300-mg dose. The mean ratio of areas under the concentration time curve for the 300-versus 150-mg doses ws 5.3:1, suggesting that hepatic metabolism of perhexiline may be saturable and that the bioavailability of perhexiline is dose dependent. PMID- 7264902 TI - Effect of sulfadimethoxine on thiopental distribution and elimination in rats. AB - The effect of sulfadimethoxine on the distribution and elimination of thiopental was examined by comparing the change in the steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) determined from both in vivo plasma elimination and in vitro serum and tissue binding studies in rats. The plasma disappearance of thiopental after a 12 mg/kg iv dose followed a biexponential decline in both the control and sulfadimethoxine-treated rats. The plasma thiopental concentrations under the steady-state plasma sulfadimethoxine concentration (500 micrograms/ml) were significantly lower than those of the control rats. In the sulfadimethoxine treated rats, the pharmacokinetic parameter beta significantly decreased while Vss significantly increased to 3.6-fold that of the control rats. With sulfadimethoxine, a significant increase was observed in the apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of thiopental to serum protein by equilibrium dialysis, but the total number of binding sites was not altered. The in vitro serum free fraction of thiopental was increased to about 2.6-fold in the presence of sulfadimethoxine. The free fraction of thiopental in the main distribution tissues (liver, muscle, and adipose) was determined by equilibrium dialysis with and without sulfadimethoxine. No significant changes were observed in the presence of sulfadimethoxine. The calculated Vss, determined by the free fractions from in vitro binding experiments, also showed a significant increase. The ratio of Vss with sulfadimethoxine to that of the control rats was 2.8. The total clearance did not change, but the intrinsic clearance decreased to one-half of that of the control rats due to the increase of the serum free fraction by sulfadimethoxine. It was concluded that sulfadimethoxine caused a displacement of thiopental in plasma protein binding, which significantly increased the free fraction of thiopental, and this result may explain the significant increase of Vss and the decrease of both beta and intrinsic clearance. Tissue binding of thiopental, however, was unaffected by sulfadimethoxine. PMID- 7264904 TI - Dry column chromatographic procedure for rapid concentration of biological activity in natural products fractionation. AB - A dry column chromatographic procedure is described. It allows for the rapid concentration of biologically active materials in natural products fractionation. The potential value of the technique is described, utilizing as an example the separation of an anticancer active fraction obtained from Euphorbia cyparissias. PMID- 7264903 TI - Thermal hardness coefficient of tablets. AB - The hardness of 10 commercial compressed tablets was measured at -25, 0, 24, and 50 degrees. The hardness is relatively insensitive to temperature change within normal storage and handling temperatures. Consequently, no temperature control is needed in measuring tablet hardness. Nonconventional (sustained-release) tablets behave differently. PMID- 7264906 TI - Degradation of propildazine in water. AB - Propildazine degradation in water at pH 7.4 was studied under aerobic conditions. Three main products were isolated by column chromatography and identified on the basis of IR, UV, and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and by comparison with synthetic samples. Drug disappearance in water was monitored by UV spectroscopy and was concentration, pH, temperature, and oxygen dependent. Propildazine degradation also was followed in methanol at various pH values. PMID- 7264905 TI - Absorption of orally administered sodium sulfate in humans. AB - Sodium sulfate can be used to enhance the conjugation of phenolic drugs with sulfate and to treat hypercalcemia. It is thought that sulfate in is absorbed slowly and incompletely from the digestive tract. The purposes of this investigation were to determine the absorption of large amount of sodium sulfate (18.1 g as the decahydrate, equivalent to 8.0 g of the anhydrous salt) and to compare the bioavailability when this amount is administered orally to normal subjects as a single dose and as four equally divided hourly doses. The 72-hr urinary recovery of free sulfate following single and divided doses was 53.4 +/- 15.8 and 61.8 +/- 7.8%, respectively (mean +/- SD, n=5, p greater than 0.2). The single dose produced severe diarrhea while the divided doses caused only mild or no diarrhea. Thus, a large amount of sodium sulfate, when administered orally in divided doses over 3 hr, is well tolerated and is absorbed to a significant extent. Orally administered sodium sulfate may be useful for the early treatment of acetaminophen overdose. PMID- 7264907 TI - Inhibition of histidine decarboxylase by imidazole derivatives. AB - A series of 4-imidazolylmethyl arylsulfides, sulfoxides, and sulfones and two carbon isosteres of 4-imidazolylmethylphenyl sulfide (I) were synthesized and tested for inhibition of histidine decarboxylase from rat stomach. None of these analogs of I met the criterion of a potent and specific inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase. PMID- 7264908 TI - Effects of chronic emetine treatment on mitochondrial function. AB - Emetine has long been recognized as a cardiotoxic drug, but its mechanism remains unknown. Since many studies reported an effect of emetine on cardiac metabolism, permanent damage to the heart could result from such treatment. To investigate this action of emetine in relation to the cardiotoxicity seen after a therapeutic regimen, New Zealand albino rabbits were given 2 mg/kg/day ip of emetine for 9 days. Heart and liver mitochondrial metabolism was assessed polarographically using pyruvate, pyruvate plus malate, or succinate as the substrate. Heart mitochondrial metabolism was reduced in emetine-treated rabbits in comparison to the normal controls. However, the metabolic activity of the pair-fed control group was equally reduced. Only the liver mitochondrial metabolism of the pair fed control group was reduced in relation to the normal controls, while the liver mitochondrial metabolism of emetine-treated rabbits remained unchanged. These data indicated that the reduction in heart mitochondrial metabolism resulted from the inanition induced by the chronic emetine treatment and not from a primary effect of the drug. PMID- 7264909 TI - General equation for assessing drug removal by extracorporeal devices. PMID- 7264910 TI - Novel source of ubiquitous phthalates as analytical contaminant. PMID- 7264911 TI - Effects of spermine and spermidine on gastric emptying in rats. PMID- 7264912 TI - Dissolution rate behavior of solid cholesterol preparations in bile acid solutions. AB - Recent work in these laboratories showed that different preparations of cholesterol monohydrate and anhydrous cholesterol had different dissolution rates under the same conditions. A method was developed by which both the thermodynamic contribution (Cs) and the interfacial kinetic contribution (P) to dissolution could be determined from experimental data. The rotating-disk dissolution method was used with the Levich theory to assess the data. Dissolution rates were determined in solutions partially saturated with cholesterol. Dynamic solubilities were determined by plotting dissolution rates (J/A) versus bulk concentration (Cb) and extrapolating to zero J/A. By using a best-fit analysis, it was possible to determine solubility as well as the interfacial transport constant independently. When this method was used to study differences in dissolution behavior of different solid preparations of cholesterol the differences could be accounted for primarily by variations in the interfacial transport constant rather than by solubility variations. PMID- 7264913 TI - Variability in dissolution rates of cholesterol pellets in bile acid solutions. AB - Large variations in dissolution rate behavior of cholesterol monohydrate pellets may result from small changes in experimental procedures. For example, when cholesterol monohydrate pellets were stored overnight prior to a dissolution run, the initial dissolution rates varied by more than a factor of 2. It is well known that cholesterol monohydrate is converted to anhydrous cholesterol; cholesterol may be unstable toward light. heat, and other radiation in the presence of air, leading to its decomposition. To determine the cause of the variable dissolution rates, experiments were conducted with pellets "aged" under various conditions. The data shown that the probable cause of the variations is the pellet surface conversion of the monohydrate to anhydrous cholesterol, which may take place during pellet storage. The combined effects of temperature and humidity seem to be important. A uniform experimental procedure is needed if investigators hope to reproduce results within their own laboratories as well as reproduce the findings of others. PMID- 7264914 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of sennosides A and B purgative drugs. AB - Procedures are described for the analysis of the main anthraquinone glycosides of senna powder, senna fruit tablets, and sennoside tablets by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). In one HPLC analysis, TLC was used to separate the glycosides prior to elution on a strong anion-exchange column with 0.1 M ammonium nitrate solution (pH 9.0) as the mobile phase. In another HPLC analysis, separation was effected using a weak anion-exchange column with 0.1 M ammonium nitrate solution (pH 5.7A) as the mobile phase. PMID- 7264916 TI - Computational problems of compartment models with Michaelis-Menten-type elimination. AB - The Michaelis-Menten equation has been applied successfully in the study of enzyme kinetics. It usually is used to estimate vmax and km from observations of the initial rate of reaction, v, at various substrate concentrations, Cs. A variation of this expression recently was used in pharmacokinetics, where it was assumed that the elimination rate of drug from some compartment is VC(t)/[K + C(t)], where C(t) is the drug concentration. The meaning of V and K in this context is not clear. Attempts were made to estimate V, K, and other model parameters by fitting the model to observed drug concentrations at sampling times after dosing. This paper discusses the ill-conditioning of the estimation of parameters of a differential equation that includes the so-called Michaelis Menten output. The solution of the equation is bound by the solutions to two first-order differential equations. Parameter values in an infinite region of the parameter space are shown to have solutions also lying within these two bounds. Simulations show that a minor change in the data (observations) or in the initial estimate of the parameters may cause a large change in the final estimates. In many cases, estimation and comparison of parameter values are meaningless. PMID- 7264915 TI - Dosage form design for improvement of bioavailability of levodopa IV: Possible causes of low bioavailability of oral levodopa in dogs. AB - Several potential mechanisms for reduced levodopa bioavailability following oral administration to dogs and humans were investigated by studying the influence of the administration route on plasma levodopa levels after intravenous, hepatoportal, and duodenal administrations to dogs. The observed average areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) of levodopa following hepatoportal injection and intravenous injection were virtually identical; but following duodenal administration a decrease in the AUC of levodopa was observed with a concomitant increase in the AUC of total dopamine. The possible involvement of intestinal microorganisms in levodopa metabolism was explored in dogs that had been administered a combination of paromomycin and kanamycin to reduce intestinal microflora. Similar patterns of plasma level profiles and urinary excretion were observed between control and treated dogs. As measured by the release of [14C]carbon dioxide from [14C]levodopa, the distribution of levodopa decarboxylase enzyme activity in various parts of the intestine was studied in homogenates prepared from isolated intestinal segments of the duodenum and upper, middle, and lower parts of the jejunum and ileum. The jejunum showed the highest decarboxylase activity followed by the ileum and duodenum. These data indicate that the reduced bioavailability of orally administered levodopa occurs as a result of metabolism by levodopa decarboxylase enzyme in the gut wall. PMID- 7264917 TI - Sorption properties of cross-linked insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone. AB - The interaction of 32 drugs of diverse chemical structure with cross-linked insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (crospovidone) was studied. By using a polymer to drug ratio of 10:1, the sorbed amount for 20 compounds was found to be less than 5%. After a 10-fold decrease of the polymer concentration, the sorbed amount of eight other compounds fell to or below the 5% level. Only tannic acid and hexylresorcinol exhibited a significantly stronger sorption tendency. The interaction appeared to be controlled by phenolic groups in the active ingredient. The binding can be quantified by an interaction constant Ks, whose definition is based on a bulk phase model of interaction via independent binding sites. The exceptionally strong binding of hexylresorcinol, however, apparently was caused by cooperative interacting of the hexyl groups in the bound state. Desorption studies revealed that the binding was fully reversible in all cases. Therefore, the presence of cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone as a disintegrant in pharmaceutical preparations is not expected to interfere with GI drug absorption. PMID- 7264918 TI - Improved delivery through biological membranes VIII: Design, synthesis, and in vivo testing of true prodrugs of aspirin. AB - Novel activated ester-type prodrugs of aspirin were designed and synthesized. The methylthiomethyl, methylsulfinymethyl, and methylsulfonylmethyl esters of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) were cleaved in vitro in plasma to form aspirin rather than the corresponding salicylates. In vitro studies using dogs indicated that at least one aspirin derivative, methylsulfinylmethyl-2-acetoxybenzoate, is a true aspirin prodrug since aspirin was detected in the blood after prodrug administration. PMID- 7264919 TI - Improved delivery through biological membranes IX: Kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of methylsulfinymethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate and related aspirin prodrugs. AB - The complex kinetics and mechanism of the hydrolysis of the methylthiomethyl, methylsulfinylmethyl, and methylsulfonylmethyl 2-acetoxybenzoates, novel aspirin prodrugs, were studied. The pH profiles for the related salicylates and benzoates also were determined. Based on the activation parameters, isotope effects, and other data, it was established that the methylthiomethyl esters hydrolyze via a unimolecular alkyl-oxygen cleavage. The methylsulfinylmethyl and methylsulfonylmethyl 2-acetoxybenzoates undergo neutral hydrolysis of esters at pH greater than 4 to form aspirin, while water acts as a general base; but at lower pH, a different mechanism takes place and the o-acetyl group cleaves first, releasing the corresponding salicylates. PMID- 7264920 TI - Improved delivery through biological membranes XD: Percutaneous absorption and metabolism of methylsulfinylmethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate and related aspirin prodrugs. AB - Oxidative-reductive interconversion of the methylthiomethyl ester of aspirin and the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives can be detected in rat liver homogenate, in addition to the extremely facile hydrolysis of these esters. The methylthiomethyl and methylsulfinylmethyl 2-acetoxybenzoates penetrate freshly excised hairless mice skin rather easily with the simultaneous hydrolysis of the two ester functions. Contrary to in vivo observations in dogs, where significant amounts of aspirin formed, the prodrugs cleave to salicylic acid and/or salicylate esters rather than aspirin. PMID- 7264921 TI - Aluminum chlorohydrate I: Structure studies. AB - X-ray diffraction and IR and 27AI-NMR spectroscopy indicate that aluminum chlorohydrate is composed of a central aluminum in a tetrahedral configuration surrounded by 12 aluminum atoms in octahedral configuration. The complex, AI13O4(OH)24(H2O)7+12, is essentially spherical, with the +7 charge equally distributed on the surface. Seven chloride ions are associated with the complex as counterions. This structure is consistent with both the method of synthesis and the proposed mechanism of antiperspirant activity. PMID- 7264922 TI - Aluminum chlorohydrate II: Physicochemical properties. AB - Determination of the chloride content of aluminum chlorohydrate by a chloride selective indicated that gamma Cl leads to 1. IR analysis demonstrated that chloride was exchanged readily by nitrate and that the IR bands of the anion were not perturbed significantly. Thus, chloride is believed to act as a counterion. A high positive charge is predicted based o the critical coagulation concentration of aluminum chlorohydrate and the stability of aluminum chlorohydrate to attack by protons, as demonstrated by pH-stat titration Potentiometric titration with sodium hydroxide showed adsorption of hydroxyl anions initially, but a higher pH than expected was observed at the end-point. This behavior is consistent with the Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)7+12 complex, which would adsorb hydroxyl anions initially and in which the central tetrahedral aluminum is shielded from the added hydroxyl anions. The reaction rate with ferron (8-hydroxy-7-iodo-5-quinolinesulfonic acid) suggests that the major species in aluminum chlorohydrate is a large aluminum poly-cation. A platey morphology for lyophilized, air-dried, and spray-dried aluminum chlorohydrate was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The platey appearance is consistent with the structure of Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)7+12 since the spherical nature and high uneven charge of the complex make stacking difficult. PMID- 7264923 TI - Automated dissolution testing of combination drug product using high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - An automated high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system compatible with any standard tablet dissolution apparatus was developed. This system allowed the individual drug concentrations within a product to be determined simultaneously, even when the drugs had similar structures and UV spectra. This automated system permitted unattended sampling and concentration determination at predetermined time intervals. The dissolution medium was pumped continuously through a fixed volume, microprocessor-controlled injector and returned to the USP rotating basket dissolution apparatus. No corrections for the changing dissolution medium volume were necessary since each injection onto a reversed-phase HPLC column consumed just 10 microliter of medium. Dissolution tests were performed on three brands of trisulfapyrimidines tablets. Sample injections were made automatically at 5.1-min intervals for approximately 2 hr. Dissolution profiles were determined for each drug in each product. Statistically significant differences were found in the mean concentration-time values between drugs within a drug product and between the drug products. PMID- 7264924 TI - Intestinal absorption mechanism of amphoteric beta-lactam antibiotics I: Comparative absorption and evidence for saturable transport of amino-beta-lactam antibiotics by in situ rat small intestine. AB - The disappearance of various beta-lactam antibiotics from in situ rat small intestinal loops was studied at pH 7.4. For monobasic penicillins, despite the wide variety of apparent partition coefficients in isobutyl alcohol-water, the disappearance from the jejunal loops was almost 30% (+/- 5% SD). On the other hand, the disappearance of amphoteric derivatives of penicillins and cephalosporins having very low lipid solubility varied widely between 12 and 80%. The peak blood levels after intraduodenal administration to the rats correlated well with the extent of disappearance of amphoteric penicillins from the intestinal loops. Absorption studies utilizing in situ intestinal loops were performed at variable dose ranges to yield a clear dose-dependent disappearance. It is suggested that certain carrier-mediated transport systems underlie the absorption mechanism of amphoteric beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 7264925 TI - Intestinal absorption mechanism of amphoteric beta-lactam antibiotics II: Michaelis-Menten kinetics of cyclacillin absorption and its pharmacokinetic analysis in rats. AB - The absorption of cyclacillin at pH 7.0 by the rat small intestine was investigated using in situ perfusion. At the lowest dose of 95 microgram/ml, the antibiotic disappearance was rapid and followed first-order kinetics, with the disappearance being 85% at 100 min. At the intermediate concentrations of 770 and 1200 microgram/ml, the disappearance after 100 min was 69 and 54%, respectively, and semilogarithmic plots clearly showed convex curvatures. At the highest concentration of 30 mg/ml, cyclacillin disappeared slowly from the perfusate, in an apparent first-order fashion. The disappearance was 26% after 100 min of perfusion and was similar in extent at 5.2 mg/ml. This concentration-time profile was satisfactorily fitted to the simultaneous Michaelis-Menten and first-order kinetic equations. The area under the blood concentration versus time curve (AUC) after a single intraduodenal dose of cyclacillin was almost consistent with the AUC after the equivalent intravenous dose (10 mg/kg). Additional evidence from a pharmacokinetic analysis of steady-state blood concentrations after constant infusion of cyclacillin through the portal vein and the small intestinal lumen indicated that cyclacillin absorption by the rat intestinal tissue at relatively low concentrations (less than 1 mg/ml) followed solely Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Cyclacillin may be transported by certain types of carrier-mediated mechanisms. PMID- 7264926 TI - Xilobam: analysis, determination of decomposition products, and assessment of stability. AB - A stability-indicating UV assay was developed for xilobam, a member of a new class of CNS agents. The method was specific, precise, and accurate. TLC and high pressure liquid chromatography were used to support method specificity. Xilobam is sensitive to heat, moisture, and basic conditions. The degradation products were identified as N-methylpyrrolidone, 2,6-dimethylaniline, and N,N'-bis(2,6 dimethyl-phenyl)urea. At high temperatures, the incorporation of molecular sieves into glass bottles of xilobam tablets was effective in preventing decomposition caused by moisture or volatile decomposition products. PMID- 7264927 TI - Studies on drug metabolism by use of isotopes XXVI: Determination of urinary metabolites of rutin in humans. AB - Determination of urinary metabolites of orally administered rutin and rutin 2',5',6'-d3 in humans was carried out by TLC and GLC-mass spectrometry. In human urine, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxytoluene, and beta-m hydroxyphenylhydracrylic acid were identified as rutin metabolites. Unchanged rutin and quercetin were not present in urine. PMID- 7264928 TI - Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of theophylline, ephedrine hydrochloride, and phenobarbital in tablets. AB - A rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous assay of theophylline, ephedrine hydrochloride, and phenobarbital in a tablet matrix. A methanolic extract of the powdered sample containing salicylamide as the internal standard was injected into the chromatograph. The HPLC system used methanol-0.007 M monobasic potassium phosphate (37:63, pH 2.3) as the mobile phase. Detection was at 254 nm, and quantitation was based on the drug-internal standard peak area ratio. This ratio was linear over a concentration range of 20.9-83.5 microgram of theophylline, 4 15.9 microgram of ephedrine hydrochloride, and 1.3-5.1 microgram of phenobarbital. Overall recoveries (+/- SD) from three synthetic tablets were: theophylline, 99.8 +/- 1.3%; ephedrine hydrochloride, 100.2 +/- 0.6%; and phenobarbital, 99.4 +/- 0.7%. The method was compared to the compendial method and also was applied to the assay of commercial tablets containing these three active ingredients. The proposed method is applicable to the assay of individual tablets. PMID- 7264929 TI - Laser Raman investigation of pharmaceutical solids: griseofulvin and its solvates. AB - Laser Raman spectroscopy is convenient for characterizing griseofulvin solvates and investigating solute-solvent interactions and desolvation. The spectra of both lattice and intramolecular vibrations were monitored. A new solvate of griseofulvin wih bromoform was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. A temperature dependence study of the solvates of griseofulvin with chloroform, and benzene revealed no phase transformation or chemical change. In the benzene solvate, only weak Van der Waals interactions existed between the solute and solvent. However, in solvates with chloroform and bromoform, a weak hydrogen binding existed between the proton of the solvent and the C = O group of the benzofuran ring in griseofulvin. Examination of desolvation in these solvates revealed that the crystal did not go through any intermediate structure during desolvation. As the solvent molecule escaped, the lattice reverted to the structure of unsolvated griseofulvin. PMID- 7264930 TI - Dissolution profiles and specifications for dihydroergotoxine sublingual tablets using a new in vitro method. AB - A dissolution method (paddle method) for determining the dissolution rate profile for 0.5- and 1.0-mg dihydroergotoxine methanesulfonate sublingual tablets was developed. A fluorometric method was used for measuring drug concentration in the dissolution medium, distilled water. It was essential to filter the dissolution sample to avoid interference from undissolved excipients. When different kinds of filters were used with the dissolution samples and standards, different degrees of apparent drug binding to the filter occurred. The dissolution rate profiles for several different products were compared to the innovator's product. The in vitro method and data obtained were used to propose dissolution specifications for these sublingual products. PMID- 7264931 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of verapamil in plasma by fluorescence detection. AB - A rapid and highly sensitive method is reported for the quantitative determination of verapamil in plasma. Verapamil and its internal standard are extracted from alkalinized plasma with heptane and then back-extracted into dilute sulfuric acid. An aliquot is injected directly into a high-performance liquid chromatograph, separated by reversed-phase chromatography, and quantified by a fluorescence detector. The procedure is suitable for the routine determination of verapamil in plasma in concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml. PMID- 7264932 TI - Parabolic equation relating free and total drug concentrations in cases of nonlinear plasma protein binding. AB - In many cases of nonlinear drug-protein binding, investigators have fitted data to the classical Langmuir model with two classes of binding sites involving four parameters. For human serum albumin binding of tolmetin and salicylate, a simple two-parameter parabolic equation relating free to total concentrations fitted the binding data better. Thus, the free fraction corresponding to the serum or plasma drug concentration in the blood sample taken from a subject can be estimated directly from the parabolic model. This is not the case when the Langmuir model is used to describe nonlinear binding data since the positive root of a cubic equation must be obtained to estimate the free from the total concentration. The direct relationship between free and total drug concentrations would be useful in many clinical situations. PMID- 7264933 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic assay of theophylline, ephedrine hydrochloride, and phenobarbital tablets. AB - An innovation high-pressure liquid chromatographic method is described in which theophylline, ephedrine hydrochloride (measured as benzaldehyde), and phenobarbital are determined simultaneously with butabarbital as the internal standard. Chromatographic conditions were selected to afford a pH sufficient for rapid oxidation of ephedrine and relatively high UV absorbance for the barbiturates and a detection wavelength near the maximum for benzaldehyde and the barbiturates and the minimum for theophylline. Chromatograms show peaks from iodate, theophylline, phenobarbital, butabarbital, and benzaldehyde, in order of increasing retention time, all within the dynamic range of a conventional recorder. Procedures are provided for the assay of conventional and sustained action tablet formulations. PMID- 7264934 TI - Catecholamine analogs as potential antitumor agents II. PMID- 7264936 TI - Modified colorimetric method of plasma prednisolone. AB - A simple, precise, rapid, and sensitive colorimetric method was adapted for the quantitative analysis of prednisolone in dog plasma. A paper chromatographic procedure was modified by the use of thin-layer plates coated with microcrystalline cellulose. Heparinized blood samples were separated from the cellular elements and extracted with methylene chloride. After washing with acid and alkali, the extract was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in methanol and streaked on the TLC plate. After development, the band that was detected by UV light was scraped off and extracted with methanol. The methanol extract was treated with the Porter-Silber reagent (phenylhydrazine). Absorbance was measured at 410 nm. Replicate assays indicated a mean recovery of 97.5% and a coefficient of variation of 5.13%. PMID- 7264935 TI - Aluminum chlorohydrate III: Conversion to aluminum hydroxide. AB - Bayerite, an aluminum hydroxide polymorph, readily forms when the hydroxyl to aluminum ratio of aluminum chlorohydrate is raised to 3 by titration with sodium hydroxide. Dilution of aluminum chlorhydrate solutions with water leads to the formation of gibbsite, another aluminum hydroxide polymorph. The mechanism of conversion in each instance is related to the structure of the Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)7+(12) complex. PMID- 7264937 TI - Identification of 2-chlorothioxanthen-9-one in gastric aspirate in a case of chlorprothixene poisoning. AB - In gastric aspirate from a case of severe chlorprothixene poisoning, large amounts (approximately 30% of the chlorprothixene) of a previously unrecognized compound were found and identified tentatively as 2-chlorothioxanthen-9-one by combined GLC-low-resolution mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The identity of the unknown compound was verified after synthesis of 2-chlorothioxan-then-9-one by two procedures. Only negligible amounts of 2 chlorothioxanthen-9-one were formed when chlorprothixene, dissolved in acids, bases, chloroform-isopropanol, methanol, or gastric fluid, was stored in the dark. However, large amounts of the drug were converted to 2-chlorothioxanthen-9 one upon exposure to UV light. Moreover, considerable quantities of unidentified degradation products were formed when chlorprothixene was exposed to lamp light as well as to UV light. Therefore, samples from cases of acute drug poisoning should be protected from light until analysis. PMID- 7264938 TI - GLC analysis of phenylalkyl amines using nitrogen detector. PMID- 7264939 TI - Behavioral and neurochemical interactions of dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate in rats. AB - The effects of dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate on locomotor activity and brain levels of norepinephrine and dopamine were compared in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Both drugs produced a dose-related increase in locomotor activity during the hour immediately following intraperitoneal administration. However, combined administration of drugs elicited only the effect of dextroamphetamine. Brain levels of norepinephrine and dopamine also increased 1 hr after dextroamphetamine dosing. Methylphenidate did not exhibit these effects and antagonized the neurochemical changes produced by dextroamphetamine. Although both drugs are considered to exert their effects by indirect activation of brain catecholamine systems, differences in their mechanism of action appear to result in a lack of additive or antagonistic effects when dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate are coadministered. These findings may have clinical significance with respect to the use of such agents in minimal brain dysfunction. PMID- 7264941 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of methscopolamine nitrate, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, pyrilamine maleate, and pheniramine maleate in tablets. PMID- 7264942 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of carbenicillin and its degradation products. PMID- 7264940 TI - Plasma protein binding of zomepirac sodium. AB - The plasma protein binding of zomepirac, a new nonnarcotic analgesic, was studied using equilibrium dialysis. Experiments were performed using human plasma and plasma from mice, rats, and rhesus monkeys, all species of pharmacological or toxicological interest. At concentrations approximating those achieved in vivo, the binding was fairly constant at 98-99% in all species except the rhesus monkey, where binding was decreased from 98 to approximately 96% at higher concentrations (greater then 50 microgram/ml). Zomepirac (10 microgram/ml) did not appear to displace or to be displaced by warfarin (10 microgram/ml) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in zomepirac (10 microgram/ml) binding. Zomepirac did not affect salicylate binding. PMID- 7264943 TI - Immunological studies of poisonous anacardiaceae: effect of vehicle on absorption of 3-n-pentadecylcatechol and its diacetate ester derivative after oral feeding in rats. AB - Tritium-labeled 3-n-pentadecylcatechol and its diacetate ester were fed to Sprague-Dawley rats. Both compounds were dissolved in ethanol and in corn oil vehicles and administered by gavage. The rats were placed in metabolic cages, and the urine and feces was determined by liquid scintillation counting, and the percentage of the administered dose was utilized as a measure of absorption. While there was no difference between the absorption of either compound, absorption was affected by the vehicle. Approximately 30% of the administered radioactivity appeared in the urine when ethanol was the vehicle, but about half that amount (14%) was excreted in the urine when the compounds were dissolved in corn oil. A subsequent bile cannulation study showed that the balance of the radioactivity found in the feces was not a result of biliary excretion. The majority of the activity recovered from urine and feces was eliminated within 48 hr after dosing. These data indicate that oil is a poor vehicle for GI absorption of urushiol components. PMID- 7264945 TI - Comparison of plasma and urine analyses for thiazides in bioavailability/bioequivalence study. PMID- 7264944 TI - Approximation in point-area deconvolution algorithm as mathematical basis of empirical instantaneous midpoint-input deconvolution method. PMID- 7264946 TI - Technique for preparing appendage-free skin (scar) on hairless mouse. PMID- 7264947 TI - Alteration of aminophylline-induced respiratory stimulation by perturbation of biogenic amine systems. AB - Aminophylline-induced stimulation of respiration in halothane-anesthetized rats was abolished in rats given 6-hydroxydopamine and desmethylimipramine neonatally to selectively destroy central nervous system dopamine nerve terminals. The respiratory stimulation was also prevented by prior administration of dopamine receptor antagonists haloperidol and cisflupenthixol. The combination of apomorphine and aminophylline produced an additive stimulatory effect on respiration to values greater than those observed with either drug alone. Animals which received pargyline and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine neonatally to selectively destroy central nervous system serotonin nerve terminals appeared to be more sensitive to the stimulatory effects of aminophylline on respiration when tested as adults. The depressant effect of 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyl-tryptamine on respiration was slightly enhanced in the presence of aminophylline. These data suggest that the respiratory response to aminophylline is the summation of the effects of this drug on central nervous system dopamine on serotonin neuronal systems. PMID- 7264948 TI - Dextran-bound inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase. AB - High molecular weight inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase were synthesized and tested in isolated perfused rat kidneys. One such inhibitor, dextran-bound inhibitor (DBI), had a mean molecular mass of 6700 daltons. Its renal clearance was equal to the clearance of inulin and its intrarenal volume of distribution was close to that of inulin. The maximal effect of DBI on bicarbonate excretion was the same as that of acetazolamide. This action could not be attributed to breakdown products of DBI. DBI does not enter erythrocytes. Another inhibitor, extra-large inhibitor, had a mean molecular mass of 99,000 daltons. It was scarcely filterable. It did not increase bicarbonate excretion when added to perfusates in concentrations greater than effective concentrations of DBI. It is concluded that activity of carbonic anhydrase bound to luminal membranes of renal cells is critical for normal reabsorption of bicarbonate. PMID- 7264949 TI - Protective effects of diltiazem during myocardial ischemia in isolated cat hearts. AB - The protective effects of diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, were studied in isolated, blood-perfused cat hearts subjected to 60 or 90 min of global ischemia, followed by reperfusion of 60 or 120 min, respectively. Ischemia-induced alterations of left ventricular (LV) developed pressure (DP) and compliance, measured with an intraventricular fluid-filled latex balloon, were correlated with respiratory activity in vitro of mitochondria isolated from ischemic reperfused LV myocardium. Nontreated isolated hearts sustained severe declines of LVDP as a result of 60 (-50 +/- 8%) and 90 min (-83 +/- 7%) of ischemia, whereas diltiazem-treated hearts demonstrated only minor losses of LVDP (-17 +/- 8 and 26 +/- 2%). Diltiazem prevented losses of compliance caused by 60 or 90 min of ischemia, which were severe in nontreated hearts after the latter period of ischemia. The progressive deterioration of mechanical function observed in nontreated hearts was paralleled by depressed mitochondrial oxygen consumption and respiratory control. The respiratory activity of mitochondria isolated from cat heart mitochondria. Diltiazem also prevented significant elevations of tissue and mitochondria Ca++ content, reflecting inhibition of Ca++ influx during ischemia and reperfusion. Also, recovery of ATP levels was greater after 60 min each of ischemia and reperfusion in diltiazem-treated hearts. Thus, diltiazem exerts direct, cardioprotective effects during myocardial ischemia, presumably by inhibiting transmembrane Ca++ fluxes. PMID- 7264950 TI - A relationship between alcohol intoxication and the disordering of brain membranes by a series of short-chain alcohols. AB - This study has established a correlation between the hypnotic potencies of aliphatic alcohols and their abilities to disrupt the structure of neuronal membranes in vitro. The hypnotic potency was determined in mice from the ED50 for loss of righting reflex. The alcohol-induced perturbation of mouse brain synaptosomal plasma membranes was measured by a sensitive electron paramagnetic resonance technique. The membrane disordering potency was determined from the slope of the concentration-dependent decrease in order parameter observed for each alcohol. Significant reductions in the order parameter were observed at nerve blocking concentrations. The following alcohols were investigated: ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-2 propanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-hexanol and 1-octanol. The disordering potency of each alcohol was closely related to its membrane solubility, based on published oil/water partition coefficients. Structural disorganization resulting from the incorporation of alcohols into neuronal membranes may be an integral step in the mechanism of alcohol intoxication. For a given degree of membrane disorder, intramembrane alcohol concentrations and intramembrane alcohol volumes were estimated from published partitioning and molecular volume data and compared for constancy. The data did not favor either the intramembrane drug concentration or the intramembrane drug volume as a more effectual determinant of disordering potency. PMID- 7264951 TI - Additive nephrotoxicity of cephalosporins and aminoglycosides in the rabbit. PMID- 7264952 TI - Renal tubular transport of a polar cardiac glycoside, ASI-222, in rats; clearance and micropuncture studies. PMID- 7264953 TI - Effects of d-amphetamine on responding of squirrel monkeys maintained under second-order schedules of food presentation, electric shock presentation or stimulus-shock termination. AB - The effects of d-amphetamine (0.01-5.6 mg/kg i.m.) were studied on lever pressing of squirrel monkeys maintained under various second-order schedules by a visual stimulus (S) that, with separate monkeys, was occasionally paired with the presentation of either food, electric shock or with the termination of a stimulus in the presence of which shocks occurred. Under one condition, the first response after 5 min produced a 3-sec stimulus change and the fourth stimulus change was followed immediately by food delivery, electric shock presentation or by the termination of a stimulus in the presence of which shocks occurred [fixed-ratio (FR); fixed-interval (FI) [FR 4 (FI 5-min:S)]. The effects of d-amphetamine were also studied under the food- and shock-presentation schedules when food or shock occurred only once, at the end of each session, after completion of 53n 3-min fixed-intervals all of which ended with a brief stimulus change [FR 10 (FI 3-min : S)]. Under a third condition, each thirtieth response produced the 3-sec brief stimulus (FR 30 : S) and the first FR 30 completed after 5 min elapsed produced the stimulus followed by food or, with separate monkeys, electric shock [FI 5-min (FR 30:S)]. Low to intermediate doses of d-amphetamine (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) generally increased and higher doses (0.56-5.6 mg/kg) decreased responding under all conditions. The effects of d-amphetamine on responding maintained by brief stimuli under different types of second-order schedules are generally similar, regardless of the type of reinforcing event or particular second-order schedule. PMID- 7264954 TI - Effects of haloperidol and pimozide on classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response. AB - Classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response of the rabbit was accomplished by presenting tone and light conditioned stimuli for 800 msec before delivery of the unconditioned stimulus, consisting of a 100-msec electric shock to the skin over the paraorbital region of the head. Both haloperidol (250 microgram/kg i.v.) and an equimolar dose of pimozide (308 microgram/kg i.v.) significantly retarded the rate of acquisition of conditioned responses (CRs). Control experiments conducted with separate groups of rabbits indicated that the retardant effect of haloperidol on CR acquisition was not due to an effect on sensitization, pseudoconditioning, base-line responding or the unconditioned nictitating membrane reflex. In previously trained animals, haloperidol produced a significant (12.0 ob) elevation in the intensity threshold of a tone conditioned stimulus for elicitation of CRs. In a separate group of animals, and before any conditioning, haloperidol significantly blocked the amplitude and duration of a tone-induced facilitation of the nictitating membrane reflex. It was concluded that haloperidol blocks both the conditioned and unconditioned excitatory properties of a tone and this accounts for its ability to retard the rate of CR acquisition. PMID- 7264955 TI - Maintenance of behavior by ketamine and related compounds in rhesus monkeys with different self-administration histories. AB - Rhesus monkeys lever-pressed under a fixed-ratio 30 time-out 600 sec schedule of i.v. injection of codeine (0.32 mg/kg/injection) or, in a second group of monkeys, ketamine (1.0 mg/kg/injection). During single session substitutions, the maintenance drug was replaced with saline or doses of various other drugs. At appropriate doses, ketamine maintained responding when substituted for ketamine. Phencyclidine, dexoxadrol and dextrorphan maintained responding when substituted for ketamine but did not maintain responding when substituted for codeine. Cyclazocine and SKF-10,047 (N-allyl-normetazocine) did not maintain responding when substituted for either ketamine or codeine; ethylketazocine did not maintain responding when substituted for ketamine. For those drugs maintained under behavior, fixed-ratio response rate and the number of injection dose and then decreased at higher injection doses. Substituted drugs maintained maximum response rates at the following injection doses: codeine, 0.32 mg/kg; ketamine, 1.0 mg/kg; phencyclidine, 0.03 mg/kg, dexoxadrol, 0.32 mg/kg; and dextrorphan, 1.0 mg/kg. Under only the ketamine maintenance schedule, the rate of responding during the timeout component varied as a function of the substitution dose of ketamine, codeine, phencyclidine and dexoxadrol, with the dose that maintained maximal fixed-ratio rates also engendering the highest rates of timeout responding. PMID- 7264956 TI - Drug effects on multiple and alternating mixed-schedule performance. AB - The effects of d-amphetamine, pentobarbital, morphine, chlorpromazine and triflupromazine were determined on key pecking by pigeons maintained under multiple and alternating-mixed fixed-ratio 30, fixed-interval 5-min schedules of grain presentation. Similar schedule performances were maintained under both the multiple and alternating mixed schedules. The effects of d-amphetamine and pentobarbital were similar under the multiple and alternating mixed schedules. Low doses of d-amphetamine and pentobarbital increased relatively low rates of responding in the fixed-interval component and higher doses decreased rates of responding in both the fixed-interval and fixed-ratio components. The effects of morphine, chlorpromazine and triflupromazine on fixed-interval rates of responding did not differ between the multiple and alternating mixed schedules. However, morphine, chlorpromazine and triflupromazine decreased responding under the alternating mixed fixed-ratio without affecting responding under the multiple fixed-ratio component. This selective decrease in fixed-ratio responding under the alternating mixed schedule by morphine, chlorpromazine and triflupromazine appears to be functionally similar to the effects of these drugs to decrease avoidance responding without affecting escape responding. PMID- 7264957 TI - Rat thiopurine methyltransferase: regulation by testosterone. PMID- 7264958 TI - Studies on the effect of antidepressants on kinetics and metabolism of tyramine. PMID- 7264959 TI - The relation between the functions of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine as inactivator and substrate of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. AB - 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) was converted to adenine in the presence of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1.) and to adenine and S-[5'-(9 arabinofuranosyladenyl)]-L-homocysteine (ara-AHcy) when the incubation mixture contained L-homocysteine. The formation of adenine proceeded until 3.3 mol of adenine was formed per mol of enzyme, and at this point the enzyme was totally inactivated. In the presence of homocysteine, the rate of ara-AHcy formation was about half the rate of adenine formation. The association of the conversion of ara-A to adenine with the inactivation process was further demonstrated by the kinetics of these processes and by the observation that in the presence of homocysteine both inactivation of the enzyme and formation of adenine were reduced by 30%, i.e. by a factor corresponding to the synthesis of ara-AHcy. Inactivation of the enzyme was associated with reduction of enzyme bound NAD+. Adenine or the substance liberating adenine was tightly bound to the enzyme, whereas ara-AHcy was dissociable. These data suggest that inactivation, adenine formation and reduction of NAD+ result from an abortive catalytic cycle, whereas enzyme entering a complete catalytic cycle leading to formation of ara-AHcy is not inactivated. The fact that the inactivation and the enzyme catalysis occur simultaneously at about equal rates offers an opportunity to demonstrate the competing relationship between these two processes. PMID- 7264960 TI - Peripheral vascular effects of atropine and methylatropine in the rat autoperfused hindlimbs preparation. PMID- 7264961 TI - Effect of chronic administration of clonidine, propranolol and alpha-methyldopa on extensibility and biochemical properties of the veins in renal and spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 7264962 TI - Prevention of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by acute ethanol administration in the rat: comparison with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatoxicity. AB - Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the presence of ethanol has not been studied. To evaluate the effect of acute ethanol administration on the hepatoxicity of acetaminophen, young male Sprague-Dawley rats (b. wt. 90--130 g) were fasted for 18 hr and were given ethanol (6 g/kg p.o.) or saline. Six hours after this treatment, the rats were injected with acetaminophen (0.5--1.0 g/kg i.p.). In another group, rats were given ethanol (3 g/kg p.o.) or saline and acetaminophen (1 g/kg i.p.) concomitantly. In both groups, acetaminophen produced hepatic damage in saline controls, whereas ethanol treatment prevented the hepatoxicity as judged by serum enzyme activities, hepatic cytochrome P-450 content and liver histology. In 3-methylcholanthrene-treated animals, acetaminophen (0.25 g/kg)-induced hepatic damage was exacerbated, whereas again ethanol treatment (6 g/kg p.o.) apparently prevented the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen. In contrast, carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity (0.1--0.5 ml/kg i.p.) was markedly increased by acute ethanol administration 6 hr before the drug injection, suggesting that the interaction of ethanol- and drug-induced hepatotoxicity is complex. Because acetaminophen has been shown to produce hepatic injury after its biotransformation to reactive metabolite(s) by mixed function oxidation, and because ethanol inhibits drug oxidation, it can be postulated that ethanol inhibits the biotransformation of acetaminophen to reactive metabolite(s) resulting in the prevention of hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7264963 TI - Mechanism of the preventive effect of ethanol on acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity. AB - Acute ethanol administration (6 g/kg p.o.) 6 hr before the injection of acetaminophen (0.5 g/kg i.p.) has been shown to prevent acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in fasted young male Sprague-Dawley rats (b.wt. 90--130 g). By using this experimental model, the mechanism of this effect was studied. Covalent binding of reactive metabolite(s) of acetaminophen to hepatic proteins in vivo was less pronounced in ethanol-treated rats than in saline controls 2 and 6 hr after [3H]acetaminophen injection. Although hepatic reduced glutathione content was not affected by ethanol treatment, acetaminophen-induced depletion of reduced glutathione was partially prevented by ethanol. Urinary excretion of mercapturic acid was also decreased in ethanol-treated rats compared with saline controls. In isolated hepatocytes, ethanol partially prevented acetaminophen-induced depletion of reduced glutathione. These data suggested that ethanol decreases the production of reactive metabolite(s) from acetaminophen. Ethanol treatment did not decrease hepatic content of unmetabolized acetaminophen, the substrate of mixed-function oxidation, nor did it affect microsomal enzymes responsible for acetaminophen biotransformation to reactive metabolite(s). However, ethanol inhibited NADPH-dependent covalent binding of reactive metabolite(s) to microsomal protein as well as acetaminophen-induced spectral change. Thus, prevention of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by acute ethanol administration may be due to decreased production of reactive metabolite(s), most likely because of direct inhibition by ethanol of the biotransformation of acetaminophen to reactive metabolite(s). PMID- 7264964 TI - Role of calcium and albumin in the autoregulation of renal perfusate flow. AB - 1. We investigated the role of calcium and albumin on the perfusate flow in isolated perfused rat kidneys. The initial perfusion medium was Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate solution with 1.82 mm-calcium without albumin. Perfusate flow autoregulation occurred above 100 mmHg.2. Raising albumin concentration to 20 and 60 g/l. abolished autoregulation and increased perfusate flow.3. Keeping ionized calcium at 1.82 mm restored autoregulation in medium containing 20 and 60 g albumin/l. However, in 60 g albumin/l. autoregulation occurred at a significantly higher flow.4. 1.82 mm-ionized calcium appears to be a critical level for autoregulation of flow in these experiments, for autoregulation was not obtained in 60 g albumin/l. medium containing 1.80 mm-ionized calcium. On the other hand, autoregulation occurred in medium containing 1.83 mm-ionized calcium, but at a lower perfusate flow.5. Raising albumin concentration to 120 g/l. increased perfusate flow from 14.6+/-0.8 to 20.8+/-0.7 ml./min.g (n = 5, P < 0.01) in the presence of 1.82 mm-total calcium, and from 11.6+/-1.0 to 15.8+/-0.7 ml./min.g (n = 5, P < 0.01) in 1.82 mm-ionized calcium. The effect of raising albumin concentration was reversible.6. Removing the capsule from the kidneys abolished the increased flow in response to raising albumin concentration.7. We conclude that (a) the mechanism for the autoregulation of renal perfusate flow in isolated perfused kidneys is critically dependent on an extremely narrow range of ionized calcium concentration in the perfusion medium, below this range, autoregulation is not achieved; above it, however, autoregulation is achieved, but during intense vasoconstriction; (b) raising albumin concentration in the perfusion medium increases perfusate flow and abolishes autoregulation by lowering extracellular ionized calcium and by raising intrarenal tissue pressure. PMID- 7264965 TI - Independent clamps of peripheral and central temperatures and their effects on heat production in the goat. AB - 1. Experiments were performed to study the interaction of skin and core temperatures in the control of heat production. Shorn goats with intravascular heat exchangers to control core temperature were immersed to the neck in a circulating water bath to clamp skin temperature. With bath temperature kept constant at levels between 32 and 42 degrees C, core temperature was varied between 40 and 36 degrees C, and the changes in heat production were measured. 2. With falling core temperature shivering occurred at all bath temperatures, and heat production rose. The threshold of core temperature below which heat production increased varied inversely to the level of skin temperature. Even at a bath temperature of 42 degrees C the slope at which heat production rose exceeded -5 W. kg-1 . C-1. The results show that in the goat even very high skin temperatures do not abolish the central impulse to shiver which is caused by low core temperature. 3. It is concluded that in the control of heat production, skin temperature and core temperature provide linear and independent inputs which do not replicate any known relationship between temperature and discharge frequency of thermoreceptors. PMID- 7264966 TI - Interaction between pre-activity and stretch reflex in human triceps brachii during landing from forward falls. AB - 1. Electromyographic (e.m.g.) profiles of proximal arm muscles were studied in human subjects falling forward onto a platform. 2. The stretching of the triceps lasted 200-300 msec for deep falls, and immediately after impact angular velocities of the elbow joint up to 1000 degrees sec-1 were reached. 3. For angles of fall between 50 and 90 degrees, more than half of the subjects exhibited marked short-latency e.m.g. responses of the triceps brachii. Such responses began 20-30 msec after touchdown, arising from a more or less plateau like activity which started about 130 msec before impact. In some cases distinct later responses were found, the second peak having a latency of 60-80 msec after touchdown. 4. The early e.m.g. response even appeared when the subject was blindfolded and when the depth of the fall was randomly varied. 5. It is concluded that both the pre-existing activity and the spinal stretch reflex contribute significantly to the over-all activity of the triceps during stretch after impact. PMID- 7264967 TI - Optical recording of development of electrical activity in embryonic chick heart during early phases of cardiogenesis. AB - 1. Developmental changes in the spontaneous action potential were measured using optical signals from early embryonic chick heart stained with a potential sensitive merocyanine-rhodanine dye. 2. The wave-length dependence of the dye signal is triphasic in early embryonic chick heart with a decrease in absorption from 525 to 600 nm, an increase from 625 to 720 nm, and a decrease at 750 nm. The signal was largest at 700 nm. 3. The magnitude of the spontaneous absorption signal increased as the development of the embryonic heart proceeded. In addition, the magnitude of the absorption signal differed among the various regions of an early embryonic chick heart and the number of electrically active cells increased dramatically throughout the 7-9 somite developmental stages. 4. The number of the electrically active cells was largest in the right portion of the ventricle at the 7-9 somite developmental stages. 5. The shape of spontaneous absorption signals could be classified into four types in the developmental stages between 7 and 9 somites: Signals resembling the cardiac action potential and the pace-maker potential were not recorded until the 8-9 somite developmental stage. PMID- 7264968 TI - A study of pace-maker potential in rabbit sino-atrial node: measurement of potassium activity under voltage-clamp conditions. AB - 1. A single sucrose-gap voltage-clamp technique was used to control the membrane potential and to measure current in rabbit sino-atrial (SA) strips. K+ activity in the extracellular space was simultaneously measured using K+-selective micro electrodes. 2. Using double-barrelled K+ selective micro-electrodes it was possible to measure the time course of accumulation or depletion of K+ accompanying a single action potential without complications arising from mechanical or electrical artifacts. 3. K+ activity in the extracellular space increased during the action potential and then decreased to base-line levels during the diastolic depolarization phase. Single beat accumulations of 0.1-0.4 M could be measured. 4. The magnitude of accumulation or depletion of K+ depended upon the membrane potential such that K+ accumulated at potentials positive to 50 mV (K+ efflux greater than K+ uptake) and was depleted from the extracellular space at potentials negative to -50 mV (K+ efflux less than K+ uptake). 5. The rate of K+ depletion was fairly constant during the time course of a clamp step within the range of diastolic depolarization (-55 to -75 mV) even though the accompanying membrane current showed marked time-dependent kinetics. 6. The total membrane conductance measured during the time course of the diastolic depolarization or during the time course of activation of time-dependent 'pace maker' current remained fairly constant or increased. 7. No reversal potential for the time-dependent 'pace-maker' current could be measured at EK in solutions containing 2.7, 5.4 and 8.1 mM-K+. 8. These results do not support the turn-off a K+ conductance as the primary mechanisms for the generation of the pace-maker potential in SA nodal tissue; rather the results are more consistent with the idea that activation of an inward current, with large positive equilibrium potential, is responsible for pace-making activity. PMID- 7264970 TI - The action of high hydrostatic pressure on the membrane currents of Helix neurones. AB - 1. The actions of high hydrostatic pressure (10.4, 20.8 MPa) on the membrane currents of Helix neurones were examined under voltage clamp. 2. High hydrostatic pressure (20.8 MPa) reduced the maximum inward current to 0.78 and the delayed outward current, measured at the inward current reversal potential, to 0.75 of their value at atmospheric pressure. 3. High hydrostatic pressure shifted the curve relating the inward current conductance to membrane potential to more positive values but the maximum conductance was altered. 4. The rates of activation of the inward and delayed outward currents were slowed by pressure. 5. The steady-state level and time course of inactivation of the inward current was unaffected by high pressure over the investigated range. 6. The effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the fast outward current identified in gastropod neurones by Connor & Stevens (1971) were also examined. 20.8 MPa reduced the current measured at -30 mV to 0.71 of its control value. 7. The rate of activation of the fast outward current was slowed by high pressure but the time constant of inactivation was unchanged. 8. The majority of the effects of high hydrostatic pressure were completely reversible upon decompression. 9. These results are discussed with reference to the known effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the action potential and discharge frequency of gastropod neurones. Possible sites and mechanisms of pressure action on the excitable cell are briefly discussed. PMID- 7264969 TI - Mechanical properties and myosin light chain composition of skinned muscle fibres from adult and new-born rabbits. AB - 1. The maximum velocity of shortening, Vmax, and stiffness were measured in skinned single fibre segments from psoas and soleus muscles of adult rabbits and psoas muscles of new-born rabbits, and the myosin light chain composition was also determined in the same segments used in the mechanical studies. 2. Vmax was obtained at 15 degrees C during maximal activation at pCa 5.49 using a method involving measurement of the time required to take up various amounts of slack imposed on the segments. Stiffness was measured during activation at 10 degrees C by application of length steps complete in 0.6 msec. The myosin light chain composition of the segments was then determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 3. Only fast type light chains were found to be present in the psoas fibre segments, though the relative amounts of myosin LC1f, LC2f and LC3f in these segments was somewhat variable. In most instances, the sum of the amounts of LC1f and LC3f present was equivalent to the amount of LC2f. Only slow type light chains were found in the soleus segments and the sum of the amounts of LC1as and LC1bs was about equal to the amount of LC2s. 4. The results indicate that there are no consistent relationships between Vmax, tension development or stiffness and LC1f/LC2f in the segments from adult and new-born psoas muscles, or between these mechanical parameters and LC1as/LC2s or LC1bs/LC2s in the adult soleus segments. However, the psoas segments, which had light chains of the fast type, had Vmax values that were consistently higher than those of the soleus segments, which had light chains of the slow type. 5. The stiffness values obtained in each of the three kinds of muscle were similar, suggesting that cross bridge stiffness is similar in rabbit skeletal muscles of different type and age. Moreover, the results indicate that the amount of end compliance introduced by the connections to the fibre segments has a marked influence on the stiffness that is measured. PMID- 7264972 TI - Enhancement and diminution of mechanical tension evoked by staircase and by tetanus in rat muscle. AB - 1. Potentiation of the isometric twitch tension was compared during and after the staircase and after tetanic stimuli in the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle of adult Lewis rats at 37-38 degrees C.2. With up to 250 stimuli the potentiation rose with an increase in both the frequency and number of stimuli in the staircase (2-5/sec) and the tetanus (100-167/sec). After a tetanus of 375 stimuli (125/sec) the potentiation was smaller. The potentiation 2 sec after a tetanus of 250 stimuli (167/sec) was + 132 +/- 5% (n = 21, s.e. of mean) which was greater (P < 0.001) than at the 250th stimulus at 5/sec, +92+/-3% (n = 21, s.e. of mean).3. After the staircase the decay of potentiation was initially slow and later more rapid. This was taken to indicate both the recovery of a process that diminished twitch tension and the decay of a process causing potentiation. After 250 stimuli (5/sec) the rate of decay of the processes causing diminution and potentiation had time constants of 34.5 +/- 3.8 sec (n = 18, s.e. of mean) and 102.2 +/- 6.6 sec (n = 20, s.e. of mean) respectively. Compared with the potentiation, the process causing diminution became relatively more pronounced the greater the frequency of stimuli.4. The decay of post-tetanic potentiation showed an initial rapid and a later slower phase of decay. After a tetanus of 250 stimuli (167/sec) the rates of decay had time constants of 5.7 +/- 0.8 sec (n = 16, s.e. of mean) and 113.5 +/- 8.7 sec (n = 19, s.e. of mean) respectively.5. Compared with the unpotentiated response the time course of the twitch was shortened initially in the staircase and when the post-tetanic potentiation was low. The contraction time was then increasingly prolonged the greater the potentiation and the greater the number of stimuli in the staircase and in the tetanus. The half-relaxation time was the more prolonged the greater the number of stimuli.6. Potentiation can be described in terms of a two-compartment model of processes which show saturation. Both compartments were activated in a tetanus whereas only the compartment with a slow rate of decay was activated in the staircase. It is speculated that the two compartments are related to the excitation-contraction coupling. The process that caused diminution of twitch tension during the staircase may be due to fatigue. It is suggested that the energy consumption in 250 twitches is about 10 times greater than in a tetanus of 250 stimuli which may explain the presence of fatigue after the staircase whereas it was absent after the tetanus. PMID- 7264971 TI - The influence of hyaluronidase on urinary and renal medullary composition following antidiuretic stimulus in the rat. AB - 1. The influence of urinary hyaluronidase (believed to be predominantly of renal origin) on the urinary concentrating process has been studied in rats subjected to antidiuretic stimulus. 2. Antiserum against a partially purified preparation of this enzyme has been raised in rabbits. Urinary volume, solute excretion and medullary composition have been investigated in rats treated with this antiserum (0.2 ml./100 g body weight, i.v.) before water deprivation for 48 hr or infusion for up to 4 hr with arginine-vasopressin. Control rats were pre-treated with normal rabbit serum. 3. Pre-treatment with antiserum against rat urinary hyaluronidase (AUase) caused water-deprived rats to excrete urine at a rate significantly greater, and of osmolality significantly lower, than that recorded in control rats. 4. The increase in medullary solute gradient which typically accompanies antidiuresis was significantly reduced in water-deprived rats pre treated with AUase. 5. In rats treated with AUase and infused for 4 hr with arginine-vasopressin, there was no significant increase in the medullary solute gradient, whereas this increased markedly in control rats. 6. During the first 24 hr of water deprivation there weas an increase in the rate of Ca excretion by control rats which was abolished by pre-treatment with AUase. 7. The effects of antiserum against a partially purified preparation of rat testicular hyaluronidase (ATase) were studied in water-deprived rats. No evidence was obtained that this enzyme has any influence on renal function. 8. It is concluded that urinary hyaluronidase, but not testicular hyaluronidase, plays an important role in facilitating the urinary concentrating process following antidiuretic stimulus. PMID- 7264973 TI - Temperature dependence of enhancement and diminution of tension evoked by staircase and by tetanus in rat muscle. AB - 1. The effect of temperature (20-37.5 degrees C) on the potentiation of twitch tension was examined during and after the staircase (250 stimuli, 5/sec) and after the tetanus (188 stimuli, 125/sec) in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of adult Lewis rats.2. During the staircase at 20 degrees C the twitch tension decreased (negative staircase) by 10-20%. At 25-30 degrees C the staircase was initially negative and later positive. At 37.5 degrees C the staircase was positive throughout the train. Both at the end of the staircase and 2 sec after the tetanus the potentiation increased linearly with increasing temperature.3. After the staircase and the tetanus at 20-30 degrees C the twitch tension increased initially rapidly and later after the staircase at a slower rate. Maximal potentiation at 20 degrees C was attained 3 min after the staircase (+ 30 +/- 3%, n = 10, s.e. of mean) and 1 min after the tetanus (+ 16 +/- 1%, n = 10, s.e. of mean). At 37.5 degrees C the potentiation decayed rapidly after the staircase and the tetanus.4. During the staircase the time course of the twitch was shortened twice as much at 20 as at 37.5 degrees C. At the end of the staircase and 2 sec after the tetanus the contraction time was the more prolonged the greater the potentiation. At maximal potentiation the contraction time was prolonged three times as much at 20 degrees C (+ 19 +/- 3%, n = 10, s.e. of mean) as at 37.5 degrees C (P < 0.005). The half-relaxation time at the end of the staircase was prolonged 10 times more at 20 than at 37.5 degrees C (P < 0.02).5. When extrapolated to time zero after the staircase and the tetanus the potentiation at 20 degrees C was still marked (20-50%). The rate of decay of potentiation (time constant, 20 degrees C, 561.2 +/- 37.4 sec, n = 20, s.e. of mean) increased with increasing temperature (Q(10) = 2.6). The event of potentiation with a fast rate of decay, present after the tetanus but not after the staircase at 37.5 degrees C, was abolished below 30 degrees C.6. The increase in twitch tension after the staircase and the tetanus at 20-30 degrees C was taken to indicate the recovery of events that diminished the twitch, occurring simultaneously with potentiation.7. (i) One process of diminution, present after the staircase but not after the tetanus, increased on cooling and was assumed to be due to fatigue. The rate of recovery of the process (time constant, 20 degrees C, 79.6 +/- 7.4 sec, n = 10, s.e. of mean) increased with increasing temperature (Q(10) = 1.9). The half-relaxation time of the last twitch in the staircase was the more prolonged the greater the process. (ii) Another process causing diminution was present after the staircase and the tetanus at 20-30 degrees C. It recovered at 20 degrees C with a time constant of 14.9 +/- 2.2 sec (n = 10, s.e. of mean). This process, possibly responsible for the initially negative staircase, was not thought to be due to fatigue. It may reflect a diminished depolarization of the transverse tubules by repetitive stimuli. PMID- 7264974 TI - The effect of dantrolene on the enhancement and diminution of tension evoked by staircase and by tetanus in rat muscle. AB - 1. The effect of Dantrolene on the potentiation of isometric twitch tension was examined during and after the staircase (5/sec, 250 stimuli) and after the tetanus (167/sec, 250 stimuli) in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of adult Lewis rats at 37-38 degrees C.2. The study confirmed that Dantrolene decreased the twitch tension much more than the tetanic tension. The drug shortened the contraction time of the twitch. The rate of force development of the twitch was diminished by only half that of the twitch tension. The findings may suggest that the drug both shortened and diminished the activation of the muscle during the twitch.3. Dantrolene decreased the potentiation produced by a given number of stimuli early in the staircase. At the 250th stimulus the staircase was about 25% larger after than before application of the drug. Dantrolene increased the potentiation 2 sec after the tetanus by about 60%.4. After application of Dantrolene, the decay of potentiation after the staircase indicated that the process that diminished the twitch during the staircase, present before application of the drug, was absent. The size of the process causing potentiation was the same with and without the drug. Both events of potentiation after the tetanus were increased by Dantrolene. Both after the staircase and after the tetanus, Dantrolene increased the slow phase of decay by 60-70%. The fast rate of decay after the tetanus was unchanged by the drug.5. The contraction time was prolonged less in the potentiated twitch after than before application of Dantrolene. This was presumably due to a greater relative increase in activation rather than to a prolongation of the time during which the muscle was activated.6. A model is proposed where the delay in potentiation during the staircase and the increase in potentiation after the tetanus are due to the proportion of sites in the excitation-contraction coupling occupied by Dantrolene being reduced by repetitive depolarizations of the transverse tubules during trains of repetitive stimuli. PMID- 7264975 TI - The effect of intracerebroventricular injections of morphine on vasopressin release in the rat. AB - 1. An investigation was carried out to determine the effect of intracerebroventricular (I.C.V.) micro-injections of morphine on vasopressin (AVP) release in the urethane-anaesthetized rat. 2. Plasma AVP levels at different time intervals, following I.C.V. injection of 10-150 microgram morphine, were measured by radioimmunoassay. The effect of I.C.V. micro injections of morphine on urine outflow was also studied in a group of water loaded rats. 3. The vasopressin response to I.C.V. micro-injections of morphine was both dose- and time-dependent. High dose of 50 and 150 microgram morphine produced short latency stimulation of AVP release, followed by a fall. The low dose of 10 microgram morphine produced only a long latency inhibition. The most consistent response of I.C.V. injection of morphine was an inhibition of release. 4. Both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of morphine on vasopressin release were naloxone reversible and stereospecific. 5. I.C.V. micro-injections of morphine produced a dose-dependent rise in mean arterial blood pressure of short latency. Naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) completely abolished the rise seen with 10 microgram morphine and diminished the rise with 50 microgram. 6. Doses of 10 and 50 microgram morphine injected I.C.V. produced an immediate antidiuresis in water loaded rats under urethane anaesthesia. 7. The vasopressin response to I.C.V. micro-injections of morphine is independent of the effects on the cardiovascular system and may involve different opiate receptor populations. The results also suggest the possibility that opiate receptors with different affinities for morphine may be responsible for the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of morphine on vasopressin release. PMID- 7264976 TI - The uptake and transmission of protein by neonatal rat enterocytes. AB - 1. Proximal enterocytes transmitted intact immunoglobulin G (IgG) preferentially in the order rat, human, sheep and bovine; the removal from the vascular compartment of these transmitted molecules occurred at about the same rate. 2. Heterologous IgGs are processed similarly to rat IgG: they are either transmitted intact or broken down to less than 1000 mol. wt. fragments. 3. All of the human transferrin removed from the intestine was broken down to less than 1000 mol. wt. fragments, but a small amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was transmitted intact. 4. The IgGs and BSA are relatively indigestible molecules whereas human transferrin is relatively digestible. 5. These observations are discussed in the context of receptor-mediated transmission. PMID- 7264978 TI - Regeneration of barosensitivity in the aortic nerve of cats when severed and transposed on various vessels in the neck. AB - 1. In cats, regeneration of baroreceptors was studied in the aortic nerve after its peripheral end had been severed and sutured into an adventitial pouch of the common carotid artery (ten cats) on the wall of the external jugular vein (two cats) and into a cervical muscle (one cat). 2. Three weeks to four months after the initial operation, typical pulse synchronous baroreceptor activity was found in the whole desheathed nerve remnant in three of thirteen animals. This activity could be abolished by section of the vago-sympathetic bundle distal to the implantation site. 3. In every cat, including the one with the nerve in cervical muscle, bursts of spikes could be repeatedly evoked in the whole nerve upon stroking or distortion of the neuroma formed at the site of implantation. 4. Additionally, single barosensitive fibres could be teased from the aortic nerves in seven of the ten cats whose nerves has been sutured into the arterial wall. 5. Finally, distension sensitive single afferents with predominantly phasic response characteristics were found in the nerves on jugular veins. 6. Transposed aortic nerves therefore, are apparently capable of reinnervating the originally severed endings in some cases while forming a mechanosensitive neuroma in every case. When in contact with a vessel wall some truly barosensitive endings can also develop which in most instances have a more phasic than tonic response to pressure changes. PMID- 7264977 TI - Responses of supraoptic neurones in the intact and deafferented rat hypothalamus to injections of hypertonic sodium chloride. AB - 1. Recordings were made from a total of fifty-three neurones in the supraoptic nuclei of four groups of rats: intact rats, animals in which the hypothalamus had been partly denervated by anteriorly or posteriorly placed semicircular cuts, and rats with a totally deafferented hypothalamus. 2. When first encountered, cells from intact animals fired at a mean rate of 5.08 +/- 0.78 spikes/sec, those from posteriorly isolated hypothalami at 3.93 +/- 0.63 spikes/sec, those from the anteriorly isolated hypothalami at 2.05 +/- 0.83 spikes/sec, and those from totally isolated hypothalami at 0.99 +/- 0.46 spikes/sec. 3. When stimulated osmotically by an intraperitoneal injection of ml. 1.5 M-NaCl, eight out of eight cells in intact rats showed a significant increase in firing rate between 20 and 30 min after the injection. Six out of nine cells in posteriorly isolated hypothalami showed significant but smaller responses. No increase in firing rate could be detected in seven cells from totally isolated hypothalami or from eight cells in hypothalami partly isolated by anterior cuts. 4. The results imply that under the conditions of these experiments by the spontaneous activity of the supraoptic nucleus in intact animals was maintained by an extrahypothalamic excitatory input, that partial hypothalamic isolation reduced its intensity, possibly by unmasking an inhibitory input, and that total isolation reduced it to an even greater extent. Osmotic activation of supraoptic cells was only possible when the anterior connexions of the hypothalamus were intact. Thus the cerebral osmo-receptors for vasopressin release may be situated outside the supraoptic nuclei. PMID- 7264979 TI - Changes in the recruitment threshold of motor units produced by cutaneous stimulation in man. AB - 1. The effect of cutaneous stimulation on the recruitment of motor units has been studied during slowly increasing voluntary contractions of human first dorsal interosseous muscle. 2. Continuous electrical stimulation of the index finger at 4 x threshold for perception caused an increase in the recruitment threshold of units normally recruited at contraction strengths less than 1.5 N and a decrease in the recruitment threshold of units normally recruited at contraction strengths greater than 1.5 N. 3. It is concluded that the recruitment order of motor units during gradually increasing voluntary muscle contraction is not fixed but depends in part on cutaneous input. PMID- 7264980 TI - The electrical basis for contraction and relaxation in canine fundal smooth muscle. AB - 1. Mechanical and intracellular electrical activities were recorded simultaneously from canine fundal and antral smooth muscle preparations.2. Most fundal preparations displayed no spontaneous electrical or mechanical activity. The tissue had a space constant of 1.5 mm and a time constant of 189 msec and showed outward rectification in response to depolarizing current.3. Transmural nerve stimulation of fundal preparations demonstrated the presence of cholinergic excitatory and non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic inhibitory neural inputs to the tissue. The cholinergic nerve response consisted of a small, graded depolarization accompanied by a slow graded contraction; the inhibitory nerve response consisted of a graded hyperpolarization accompanied by a slow relaxation.4. The excitatory fundal nerve response was abolished or greatly diminished by D(600) and Mn(2+). D(600) and Mn(2+) also decreased basal tone. The inhibitory nerve response was unaffected by either agent.5. The excitatory nerve response in the fundus was contrasted with the excitatory nerve response in the antrum. In the fundus, stimulation of cholinergic motor nerves produced a depolarization which always produced a contraction. In the antrum, stimulation of cholinergic motor nerves between action potentials produced graded depolarizations of antral cells; however, there were no associated contractions. Stimulation of cholinergic motor nerves during spontaneous action potentials increased the amplitude and duration of the plateau phase of the action potential; this was associated with an augmentation of the spontaneous contractions.6. Voltage-tension curves were determined for antral and fundal preparations using K(+) depolarization as a means of controlling membrane potential. Antral preparations displayed a voltage threshold for contraction at a membrane potential approximately 30 m V positive to the resting potential. In cntrast, fundal resting potentials were at or more positive than their voltage thresholds.7. These differences in electromechanical coupling provide an explanation for the marked differences in the responses of fundal and antral smooth muscles to nerve stimulation and account for their physiologic function in vivo. PMID- 7264981 TI - Functional properties of monkey motor cortex neurones receiving afferent input from the hand and fingers. AB - 1. Records have been made from area 4 of the cerebral cortex in five conscious monkeys. The properties of 216 neurones responsive to natural stimulation of the hand and fingers have been investigated.2. 46% of these neurones responded only to cutaneous stimulation (especially light brushing across the glabrous skin) and a further 38% responded only to movement of the digits. 4% responded to brief prods of the hand. 12% of the sample responded to more than one stimulus modality.3. Many hand-input neurones, including pyramidal tract neurones, responded at short-latency (8-15 msec) to light mechanical stimulation of the hand and to weak electrical stimulation of the median nerve.4. Responsive neurones were found at all depths of the cortical grey matter. Responses of shortest latency were encountered in neurones probably located in layers IV and V.5. The behaviour of eighty hand-input neurones was analysed during a simple, stereotyped task which involved pulling a lever and collecting a food reward from a small well. For comparison, the activity of 117 neurones with inputs from the wrist, elbow or shoulder was also analysed.6. Nearly all hand-input neurones modulated their activity either before (48/80) or during (29/80) the retrieval of the reward which required precision grip between index finger and thumb. Many were silent during proximal arm movements and some displayed activity patterns independent of these movements.7. By contrast, the activity of many neurones with proximal arm (elbow, shoulder) inputs was unrelated to food retrieval and manipulation, but well related to arm movements.8. Forty-three of the eighty neurones had cutaneous input from the hand. Twenty-seven were active before hand contact. Thirty-five modulated their discharge when contact was made (twenty-one excitation, fourteen inhibition).9. Most hand-input neurones were more active during fractionated movements of the hand or fingers than during power or ball grips requiring simultaneous flexion of all digits. Neurones with glabrous inputs often showed intense activity during small, precise finger movements and during active tactile exploration without the aid of vision.10. Analysis of the discharge frequency of twenty-five hand-input neurones revealed that some (mainly non-pyramidal tract neurones) had a similar mean frequency and range of modulation during both active movement and passive stimulation. Others (mainly pyramidal tract neurones) had a greater frequency range and higher mean frequency during active than during passive movements. PMID- 7264982 TI - Variety of functional organization within the monkey motor cortex. AB - 1. Single-unit recordings have been made from 606 neurones in the arm region of area 4 in five conscious monkeys. Their activity during a stereotyped motor task and their responses to passive natural stimulation of the limb have been investigated.2. 88% of area 4 neurones responsive to natural stimulation received their afferent input from a restricted region of the contralateral arm.3. The activity and afferent input to cell groups have been determined by comparing the properties of neurones located within 500 mum of each other and recorded in one and the same micro-electrode penetration. 115 such cell groups containing 344 neurones were investigated.4. 75/115 cell groups (65%) contained neurones with input from the same arm zone (shoulder, elbow, wrist or hand) and with a similar pattern of task-related activity. Cell groups containing neurones with identical afferent inputs never showed contrasting behaviour during movement.5. 40/115 cell groups (35%) contained neurones receiving inputs from more than one arm zone. Twenty-five cell groups (22%) had two contiguous zones (e.g. wrist and hand) represented and ten groups had input from two discontinuous zones (e.g. elbow and hand). These differences in input within a cell group were usually reflected in contrasting behaviour of its constituent neurones during movement.6. Pyramidal tract neurones (PTNs) lying immediately adjacent to one another usually received similar inputs and exhibited matching behaviour. PTNs lying further apart in the same penetration often showed different activity and responded to different stimuli.7. The topographic distribution of afferent input to area 4 revealed multiple representation of input from a single zone combined with considerable intermingling of input from all four zones. Neurones with shoulder and elbow inputs surrounded those with wrist inputs which in turn lay scattered around a central zone. This central zone only contained neurones with hand inputs, although neurones with hand inputs were found outside this central zone.8. The significance of this complex organization is discussed in terms of motor cortex input and output. PMID- 7264983 TI - Effects of dynamic and static neck suction on muscle nerve sympathetic activity, heart rate and blood pressure in man. AB - 1. Recordings of vasoconstrictor sympathetic activity in peroneal muscle fascicles, blood pressure, and heart rate were made in twelve subjects while stimulating carotid sinus receptors by continuous or sinusoidal (cycle durations 7.5, 15 and 30 sec) neck suction. Neural activity, quantified by counting the number of pulse synchronous sympathetic bursts (burst incidence), was correlated to the pressure sensed by carotid sinus receptors (= calculated diastolic transmural carotid pressure) and to pressure sensed by arterial baroreceptors not located in the neck (= diastolic blood pressure). 2. Sinusoidal neck suction induced rhythmical modulation of sympathetic activity which became less noticeable with increasing modulation of sympathetic activity which became less noticeable with increasing cycle duration. Static suction led to a non significant reduction of sympathetic burst incidence. 3. With sinusoidal stimuli the amplitude of the transmural carotid pressure variations were maximal at a cycle duration of 7.5 sec and decreased successively at cycles of 15 and 30 sec. Amplitudes of induces variations in R-R intervals in the e.c.g. changed in a similar way but in contrast induced variations in diastolic blood pressure were minimal at a cycle duration of 7.5 sec and maximal at 15 sec. It is suggested that the main rate limiting factors for the blood pressure responses is the sluggishness of the peripheral vascular beds. 4. Sinusoidal neck suction always prolonged mean R-R interval. This stimulus increased mean burst incidence in subjects with few bursts at rest and decreased burst incidence in subjects with many bursts at rest. These changes of burst incidence were linearly related to the increases of R-R intervals. The findings demonstrate interindividual differences in balance between cardiac and peripheral vasoconstrictor responses to changes of baroreceptor activity. 5. It is concluded that fast changes in carotid sinus pressure effectively modulate sympathetic outflow to the muscles and thereby contribute to transient compensatory blood pressure responses. Static blood pressure control, on the other hand, probably depends more on baroreceptor control over the effector organs. PMID- 7264984 TI - Potential and tension changes induced by sodium removal in dog Purkinje fibres: role of an electrogenic sodium-calcium exchange. AB - 1. Isolated dog Purkinje fibres were bathed in K-free media or in the presence of ouabain 10(-4) M in order to depress the electrogenic sodium pump activity. Membrane potential and mechanical tension were recorded in the presence of normal external sodium concentration and during lowering or removal of external Na. 2. Lowering or removal of external Na (Na being replaced by choline, Tris, sucrose or Li) induced a hyperpolarization and a contracture which reached a maximum after 1 or 2 min and then decreased progressively. Using Tris, Em increased from 40 +/- 3 to -72 +/- 10 mV (n = 39). The Na-free contracture and hyperpolarization did not occur in the absence of Na pump depression. 3. Tetrodotoxin (1.2 x 10( 5)M), Mn (4 mM), verapamil (1-4 x 10(-5) M) tetraethylammonium (5 mM), 4 aminopyridine (5 mM) and Cs (20 mM, in the presence of ouabain) did not alter the Na-free contracture and hyperpolarization. On the other hand Mn (20 mM), acid media (external pH less than 6.0) and low temperatures depressed or suppressed both the hyperpolarization and contracture. Lanthanum (0.4 mM) did not suppress the hyperpolarization and the contracture. On the contrary the Na-free contracture was generally increased in the presence of La. 4. Caffeine (10 mM) induced strong contractures with no changes in Em, thus demonstrating the possibility for the Purkinje fibers of developing contractures without concomitant hyperpolarizations. 5. It can be concluded that the Na-free contracture and hyperpolarization are not due to changes in passive conductances but are related to the functioning of an electrogenic Na-Ca exchange mechanism which carries inwardly 1 Ca and outwardly 3 or more Na. PMID- 7264987 TI - Response of soleus Ia afferents to vibration in the presence of the tonic vibration reflex in the decerebrate cat. AB - 1. Micro-electrode recordings were made from single Ia afferents in the intact nerve to the soleus muscle in the decerebrate cat while the muscle was developing a tonic vibration reflex. This was done in order to test how effectively the afferents were excited by the vibration, and to see if any insecurity in driving might be related to tremor.2. When the amplitude of vibration was 50 mum, and the tonic vibration reflex was reasonably well developed (> 1 N of active tension) all but one of forty-four Ia afferents were driven 1:1 by the vibration. Most were still driven by 30 mum vibration. The vibration, consisting of a train of discrete pulses at 150 Hz, was applied longitudinally in combination with a stretch of 1 mm to make the muscle taut.3. If the reflex was poorly developed (active tension < 1 N) the driving was on average less secure. However, fourteen of eighteen afferents then studied were still driven 1:1 by 50 mum vibration. The lower level of excitation by vibration was thought to be due to a deficiency of spontaneous fusimotor activity, because stroking the cat's tail or other similar gentle manipulation led each of the three misbehaving afferents so tested to be driven securely by 50 mum vibration; at the same time the reflex tension increased.4. Additional, indirect evidence favouring widespread security of Ia driving by 50 mum vibration in the presence of the reflex was obtained by modulating the amplitude of the 150 Hz vibration with a 7-10 Hz square wave and detecting any tension fluctuations at that frequency by spectral analysis. Small degrees of modulation (e.g. < 10%) produced little if any effect, although larger depths of modulation had a powerful action.5. When the amplitude of vibration was reduced to permit insecure driving but still to elicit a reflex response, the fluctuations in Ia firing pattern were unlike those previously seen in the de efferented muscle. Spectral analysis showed that these firing fluctuations bore a general similarity to the tremor in the same preparation, but measurement of coherence demonstrated that the tremor and Ia firing were not well related. This was probably because individual Ia afferents were primarily influenced by local factors, and provides further evidence against the tremor of this preparation being attributable to the action of the stretch reflex. PMID- 7264986 TI - Spinal inhibition of phrenic motoneurones by stimulation of afferents from peripheral muscles. AB - 1. Phrenic nerve responses to stimulation of calf muscle receptors or their afferents were studied in two groups of cats. One consisted of paralysed, vagotomized and functionally glomectomized animals with intact central nervous systems. The other included paralysed high (C1) spinal animals whose phrenic nerve activity was either spontaneously tonic or phasic, or evoked by activation of the intercostal-to-phrenic reflex. In both groups, end-tidal PCO2 was maintained at a constant level by means of a servo-controller. 2. Physical stimulation of calf muscles in animals with intact central respiratory controller and a generally facilitatory effect on frequency, with appropriate changes of both inspiratory and expiratory durations, and on peak magnitude of phrenic (neural tidal) activity. However, for the first few sec after onset of the stimulus, neural tidal activity was inhibited. 3. Physical stimulation of calf muscles or electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve in high spinal animals uniformly caused inhibition of spontaneous phrenic activity and that evoked by facilitatory conditioning stimuli. The degree of inhibition gradually decreased as muscle stimulation continued. Following offset of muscle stimulation, post stimulus augmentation of phrenic activity occurred, with subsequent gradual return to control level over a period of 20-25 sec. 4. We conclude that stimulation of muscle afferents in the leg has a predominantly facilitatory respiratory effect when acting through brain stem controller mechanisms, but also has a purely inhibitory effect on phrenic motoneurones when acting via spinal mechanisms. 5. In addition, the findings are consistent with (1) progressive accommodation of phrenic motoneurones during continued inhibitory input, and (2) with a large and prolonged post-inhibitory rebound of excitability. PMID- 7264985 TI - A comparison of binocular depth mechanisms in areas 17 and 18 of the cat visual cortex. AB - 1. The retinal disparity sensitivity of neurones in areas 17 and 18 of the cat visual cortex was examined. The response of each cell to an optimally oriented slit was measured as disparity was varied orthogonally to the receptive field orientation. Eye movements were monitored with a binocular reference cell simultaneously recorded in area 17 (Hubel & Wiesel, 1970).2. Two types of disparity-sensitive cells were found, similar to those observed in the monkey by Poggio & Fischer (1977). The first type, tuned excitatory cells, were usually binocular and had a sharp peak in their disparity-response curve. They responded maximally at the disparity that brought their receptive fields into superposition on the tangent screen. This disparity closely coincided with the disparity at which the reference cell's receptive fields were also superimposed. By analogy with the monkey this point was taken to be the fixation point, or 0 degrees . The second type, near and far cells, were most often monocular. They gave their weakest response (which was usually no response at all) at 0 degrees . On one side of 0 degrees the response grew linearly for up to 4 degrees and then remained at the maximum. On the other side of zero, it remained at the minimum for up to several degrees before rising towards the maximum.3. The receptive field organization of several disparity-sensitive cells was examined using the activity profile method of Henry, Bishop & Coombs (1969). The size and strength of the discrete excitatory and inhibitory regions of the receptive fields of a cell could quantitatively account for the shape of its disparity-response curve.4. The laminar distribution of disparity sensitivity as well as of several other receptive field properties in areas 17 and 18 was studied. The organization of the two areas was remarkably similar in many respects. There was a difference, however, in the proportions of the two types of disparity-sensitive cells in the two areas. Area 17 contained many more tuned excitatory cells than near and far cells, while area 18 had the reverse distribution. In addition, the cells in area 18 were sensitive to a much broader range of disparities. While both areas contain disparity-sensitive neurones, these differences suggest that they play different roles in depth vision.5. Recent psychophysical and neurophysiological evidence has led to a new model of stereopsis in which depth is signalled by the pooled activity of large groups of cells (Richards, 1971). The current results are consistent with this model. PMID- 7264988 TI - The effect of cerebellectomy on the tonic labyrinth and neck reflexes in the decerebrate cat. AB - 1. Tonic labyrinth and neck reflexes were studied separately and in combination in the decerebrate cat before and after acute cerebellectomy. Reflex effects were observed as changes in the length of the medial head of triceps in both forelimbs. 2. In the decerebrate cat with an intact cerebellum the tonic labyrinth reflexes, elicited by side-up and side-down head rotations, produced asymmetric length changes in the medial head of triceps in both forelimbs, as described by Lindsay, Roberts & Rosenberg (1976). After cerebellectomy, head movements in either direction produced reflex shortenings in the medial triceps in both forelimbs, in contrast to the normal reciprocal reflex length changes. The presence of the cerebellum is thus required for the occurrence of the normal asymmetric labyrinth reflexes. 3. The direction of the neck reflexes remained unchanged by cerebellectomy. 4. It is suggested that the postural disturbances following cerebellar damage may partly result from the change in the form of the tonic labyrinth reflexes, which in combination with the tonic neck reflexes would no longer act in a stabilizing manner on the trunk. PMID- 7264989 TI - The effect of local anaesthetics on strophanthidin toxicity in canine cardiac Purkinje fibres. AB - 1. Canine Purkinje fibres were superfused in vitro and the electrical and mechanical effects of the local anaesthetics benzocaine and procaine were studied in the absence and in the presence of other agents.2. Both benzocaine (1 x 10(-4) 5 x 10(-4)m) and procaine (6 x 10(-5)-2.5 x 10(-4)m) decreased slightly the amplitude of the upstroke and markedly the duration of the action potential. The plateau was shifted to more negative values and the force of contraction was decreased. These effects were dose-dependent.3. The local anaesthetics abolished the spontaneous activity induced by strophanthidin (5 x 10(-7)m) by flattening the oscillatory potential in diastole and increased the force of contraction under these circumstances.4. The local anaesthetics significantly delayed the time of the onset of the spontaneous activity induced by strophanthidin (10( 6)m). Also, the intensity of the stimuli had to be increased and the rate of discharge of intoxicated fibres was slower in the presence of local anaesthetics. In contrast, the positive inotropic effect was little affected.5. The local anaesthetics reduced but did not block the inotropic action of norepinephrine and high Ca; and did not abolish (while Mn did) small action potential in 27 mm-K depolarized fibres.6. In fibres treated with local anaesthetics, lowering [Ca](o) did not result in a force rebound and administration of caffeine or exposure to low Na resulted in a larger increase in force.7. In fibres loaded with Ca, local anaesthetics caused an increase in force.8. Local anaesthetics decreased the force more when the external Na concentration was lower.9. This work shows that the local anaesthetics alter the mechanical performance of Purkinje fibres and lead to a depression of the strophanthidin induced oscillatory potential. As for the mechanism for these changes, the present experiments support the hypothesis that local anaesthetic agents have an antiarrhythmic action by decreasing intracellular Na and therefore intracellular Ca as suggested by Perry, McKinney & DeWeer (1978) on the basis of experiments on nerve. PMID- 7264991 TI - Two kinds of recurrent inhibition of cat spinal alpha-motoneurones as differentiated pharmacologically. AB - 1. The effects of i.v. administration of the glycine-antagonist strychnine nitrate and the GABA-antagonists bicuculline hydrochloride and picrotoxin on the recurrent inhibition of lumbosacral alpha-motoneurones were studied in cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium. 2. As revealed from both monosynaptic reflex experiments and intracellular recordings, each of the drugs generally reduced, but rarely abolished, the recurrent inhibition. The amount of reduction was more or less identical for bicuculline and picrotoxin. 3. By applying de- and hyperpolarizing currents intracellularly it could be shown that both the strychnine-resistant and bicuculline/picrotoxin-resistant recurrent inhibitory potentials were genuinely post-synaptic in nature. 4. The strychnine-resistant part of the recurrent inhibition had a later maximum and a longer duration than the part which was resistant to bicuculline/picrotoxin. 5. The time course of the strychnine-resistant recurrent inhibition was more or less identical to that of the bicuculline/picrotoxin-sensitive recurrent inhibition. 6. The bicuculline/picrotoxin-resistant recurrent inhibition was blocked by strychnine and, vice versa, the strychnine-resistant recurrent inhibition was blocked by bicuculline/picrotoxin. The combined administration of strychnine and bicuculline/picrotoxin always resulted in a virtual abolition of the recurrent inhibitory effects. 7. The values for central delay suggested that both the strychnine-resistant and bicuculline/picrotoxin-resistant inhibitions were mediated via disynaptic pathways. 8. The results suggest that both glycine and GABA act as transmitter substances of Renshaw cells in mediating recurrent inhibition to alpha-motoneurones. 9. No organizational pattern of the two types of recurrent inhibition based on motor pool category or motor unit type could be detected. PMID- 7264990 TI - Appearance of adenosine triphosphate in the coronary sinus effluent from isolated working rat heart in response to hypoxia. AB - 1. A working rat heart preparation was used to study the release of adenosine-5' triphosphate (ATP) into the coronary sinus effluent in response to hypoxia. 2. The left ventricle was set to pump against an hydrostatic pressure of 65 cm water; the left atrial filling pressure was kept constant at 10 cm water. The power output of the heart at these pressures was estimated to be approximately one half of the maximum power development. 3. Samples for ATP assay were collected (a) 30 sec before onset of hypoxia, (b) 60-90 sec after onset of hypoxia, (c) 5 min after restoration of oxygenated buffer solution. Respective concentrations of ATP were (nM +/- S.E.) 0.63 (+/- 0.18), 4.70 (+/- 0.39) and 0.63 (+/- 0.06). The total amounts of ATP detected were (p-mole/min) 5.9 (+/- 0.9), 46.1 (+/- 6.0) and 5.5 (+/- 1.2) respectively. 4. Viability of the hearts was judged to be satisfactory on the following grounds. Alterations in left atrial filling pressure produced typical Frank-Starling responses of the left ventricle. Oxygen extraction from the perfusate increased in response to increased workload. Coronary blood flow increased immediately upon introduction of hypoxic conditions and mechanical recovery from hypoxia was always complete within 5 min of restoring oxygen. 5. In view of the marked extracellular ATPase activity it is concluded that significant vasodilatory concentrations of ATP are released into the myocardial extracellular space in response to hypoxia. A scheme is proposed describing the possible role of adenine nucleotides in the local control of myocardial blood flow. PMID- 7264992 TI - Release of glutamate from the crayfish neuromuscular junction. AB - 1. The superficial abdominal flow flexor muscle was isolated from the crayfish (Cambarus clarkii) and placed in a bath solution of 100 microliters. The concentration of glutamate in this solution was measured by mass fragmentography using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. 2. The excitatory post-synaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) of the slow flexor muscle and its sensitivity to L-glutamate were similar to those observed in the opener muscle of the dactyl in the walking leg or claw of the crayfish. 3. The background efflux of glutamate during control rest periods was about 20 p-mole/10 min. Nerve stimulation caused a significant increase in the efflux of glutamate. The net release of glutamate above the background was 11.9 p-mole/100 microliters. at 10 Hz stimulation and 21.1 p mole/100 microliters. at 20 Hz stimulation. 4. When the amplitude of e.p.s.p. was decreased by streptomycin, thereby reducing the muscle contraction, the net release of glutamate by nerve stimulation was not changed. Streptomycin depressed the e.p.s.p. by its action on the post-synaptic membrane. 5. When the external concentration of Ca was lowered, the amplitude of e.p.s.p. and the net release of glutamate were decreased. 6. It is concluded that L-glutamate is released from the nerve terminals of the crayfish neuromuscular junction. PMID- 7264993 TI - Optical indications of pace-maker potential and rhythm generation in early embryonic chick heart. AB - 1. Pace-maker type action potentials and rhythm generation in very early embryonic chick hearts have been monitored using a voltage-sensitive merocyanine rhodanine dye. 2. Rhythmicity in recurrence of the spontaneous action potentials was evident at the 7 somite developmental stage, and the rhythm was completely organized by the early period of the 9 somite stage; just before the first contraction. The rhythmic recurrence of action potentials was increased in frequency as development proceeded from the 7 to the 9 somite stage, and presumably gives rise to the rhythm of the initial contractions. 3. Optical signals resembling the pace-maker type action potential with a diastolic depolarization phase were first detected in embryonic hearts at the 8 somite stage. At this stage, pace-maker type action potentials were detected from various regions, such as the ventricle and the unfused primordia at the atrium level. 4. Regionalization of pace-maker type action signals was exhibited at the early period of the 9 somite stage. At this stage, the pace-maker type signals were often evident at the atrium level, while the cardiac type signals were detected in the ventricular region. 5. Hence it is concluded (i) that the rhythmicity has already been generated at the 7 somite developmental stage, (ii) that the pace-making cells are widely distributed in the embryonic hearts at the 7-8 somite stages and (iii) that the appearance of the pace-maker potential is initially localized to the atrium level at about the 9-10 somite stages. PMID- 7264994 TI - Effect of a 'sickling pulse' on calcium and potassium transport in sickle cell trait red cells. AB - 1. To trace the early development of the extensive functional membrane abnormalities found in sickle cell anaemia red cells which result from polymerization of haemoglobin S, we followed the effects on Ca and K transport of an in vitro sickling pulse in sickle cell trait (SA) red cells, whose membranes are initially normal.2. Sickling induced a progressively larger uptake of Ca in fed, starved and ATP-depleted SA cells, always substantially higher than that in normal (AA) red cells under comparable conditions. The fraction of ionized Ca within the SA cells, estimated from the equilibrium distribution of (45)Ca induced by the ionophore A23187 was about 0.4 of the total Ca content and similar in SA and AA cells.3. With ATP-depleted SA cells, Ca uptake (representing Ca permeability) was maximal during sickling and was only partially reduced towards normal after desickling. Net Ca uptake during sickling of fed or starved SA cells reverted to net Ca loss upon reoxygenation, irrespective of the Ca gradient, indicating full restoration of the low Ca permeability of the control conditions.4. Following desickling of both fed and starved SA cells, the rates of uphill extrusion of Ca gained during sickling were much smaller than those expected with normal Ca pumps operating at similar internal Ca concentrations.5. After 2 hr sickling ATP levels in starved SA cells were reduced by 50% regardless of the presence or absence of Ca in the medium; therefore sickling-induced Ca uptake was associated with no measurable consumption of ATP due to Ca-pump activity.6. With ATP-depleted SA cells, a Ca uptake of 2-3 mumole/l. cells elicited a maximal response of the K permeability system resulting in full equilibration of the K pools in the cell suspensions. Sickling of fed and starved SA cells produced a small increase in K permeability which was entirely independent of the presence or absence of Ca.7. Sickled forms persisted after reoxygenation only with ATP-depleted SA cells and were more frequent after sickling in the presence of Ca (about 20%) than in a Ca-free medium (about 4%).8. These findings show that initial sickling produces an increased Ca permeability whose extent and reversibility depends on the metabolic state of the cells, and a partial Ca-pump failure, which appears to be irreversible. We confirm a small sickling-related, reversible increase in K permeability but a Ca-dependent increase in K permeability does not occur unless the cells are fully depleted of ATP. The implications for sequential development of related abnormalities in SS cells are discussed. PMID- 7264995 TI - The kinetics of post-vibration tension recovery of the isolated rat portal vein. AB - 1. The kinetics of post-vibration tension recovery have been examined during electrical, noradrenaline or KCl stimulation of the isolated rat portal vein. 2. Inhibition of isometric contractions produced by a combination of noradrenaline (20 microM) and KCl (53 mM) by longitudinal, 100 Hz sinusoidal vibration increased with increasing vibration amplitude up to a maximum of 78.7% of the active tension. This inhibition was little affected by a decrease in temperature from 37 to 25 degrees C. Recovery of tension after the end of vibration was complete and took place exponentially. The time constant for this recovery was little affected by changes in vibration amplitude, but increased from 1.72 +/- 0.09 to 4.35 +/- 0.33 sec, for large amplitude vibrations, when the temperature was lowered from 37 to 25 degrees C. 3. The increase in isometric tension during 50 Hz a.c. electrical field stimulation was exponential, apart from a minor initial activation component, and took place with a time constant of 1.25 +/- 0.17 sec. Neither delaying nor interrupting development of this contraction with inhibitory vibration altered the time constant for this exponential increase in tension. There was no correlation between the time constant and the maximum active tension achieved after vibration was stopped. 4. Post-vibration tension recovery during electrical, noradrenaline (20 microM) or KCl (120-130 mM) stimulation was independent of the nature of the stimulus at comparable times of stimulation, but the time constant increased during exposures of more than 10 sec to either noradrenaline or KCl. With noradrenaline, the increase was from 1.45 +/ 0.10 sec after 50 sec of stimulation to 2.24 +/- 0.16 sec after 336 sec of stimulation (P less than 0.0005). Such an increase in the time constant may reflect slower cycling of cross-bridges with an improvement in the efficiency by which contraction is maintained. 5. The kinetics of post-vibration tension recovery were those of a monomolecular or, as is more likely, a pseudo monomolecular chemical reaction. A cross-bridge attachment model based on such a reaction has been used to interpret the observations. PMID- 7264996 TI - A kinetic analysis of the effects of adrenaline on calcium distribution in isolated rat liver parenchymal cells. AB - 1. The effects of adrenaline on Ca distribution in isolated rat liver parenchymal cells were studied using a (45)Ca exchange technique under steady-state conditions with respect to the net movement of Ca. (45)Ca was initially introduced into the extracellular medium. The amount of cellular (45)Ca was determined after separation of the cells from the medium by centrifugation through a solution which contained LaCl(3) (to displace (45)Ca bound to sites on the outside of the cell membrane) and silicon oil. At 1.3 and 2.4 mm extracellular Ca, a stimulation of the initial rate of (45)Ca exchange was observed in the presence of 10(-7)m-adrenaline (or 10(-6)m-phenylephrine) with a 7% decrease, and no change, respectively, in the plateau of the exchange curve. The same degree of stimulation was observed when (45)Ca was added at 1, 15, 30 or 45 min after the adrenaline.2. No stimulation of the initial rate of exchange was observed at 0.1 mm-extracellular Ca, or at 2.4 mm-extracellular Ca in the presence of antimycin A and oligomycin. At 0.1 mm-Ca, a 60% decrease in the plateau of the exchange curve was observed in the presence of adrenaline. The concentration of adrenaline (10(-7)m) which caused half-maximal stimulation of the initial rate of (45)Ca exchange at 1.3 mm-Ca was similar to that (2 x 10( 7)m) which caused half-maximal decrease in the plateau at 0.1 mm-Ca.3. The addition of adrenaline to cells equilibrated with (45)Ca at either 2.4 or 1.3 mm Ca caused a transient loss of (45)Ca followed by a return to a new steady state after 1 or 10 min, respectively. A loss of (45)Ca was also observed at 0.1 mm-Ca, but the (45)Ca content of the cells remained maximally depressed for at least 30 min.4. A non-linear least-squares iterative curve-fitting technique was used to demonstrate that (a) an equation which includes two exponential terms and (b) a parallel or series arrangement of three compartments of exchangeable Ca (the medium and two compartments associated with the cell) are consistent with each set of data obtained at 1.3 or 2.4 mm-Ca in the presence or absence of adrenaline (or phenylephrine). At 1.3 mm-Ca, the quantities of exchangeable Ca in the two kinetically defined cellular compartments were 0.04-0.07 and 0.34-0.37 nmol per mg wet weight with rate constants for Ca outflow of 1.2-1.5 and 0.06-0.08 min( 1), respectively.5. Analysis of the changes induced by adrenaline or phenylephrine showed that at 1.3 and 2.4 mm-extracellular Ca these agents caused a 75-150% increase in the quantity of exchangeable Ca in the small kinetically defined compartment and a 20% decrease in the quantity of exchangeable Ca in the large kinetically defined compartment. These changes were mediated by an 80-160% increase in the rate constant for the inflow of Ca from the medium to the small kinetically defined compartment, and either a 20-60% decrease in the rate constant for inflow to, or a 20% increase in the rate constant for outflow from, the large compartment.6. Replacement of the LaCl(3) in the solution used to separate the cells from the incubation medium with either 5 mm-EGTA or 5 mm CaCl(2) did not alter the kinetics of (45)Ca exchange or the stimulation by adrenaline. This, together with the observation that at 1.3 mm-extracellular Ca, adrenaline increases the initial rate of exchange in the absence, but not in the presence, of antimycin A plus oligomycin, indicates that both cellular compartments of exchangeable Ca are intracellular.7. The addition of antimycin A plus oligomycin to cells equilibrated with (45)Ca at 2.4 mm-extracellular Ca in the presence or absence of adrenaline displaced 0.09 and 0.14 nmol (45)Ca. mg( 1), respectively.8. Subcellular fractionation of cells equilibrated with (45)Ca at 0.1 mm-extracellular Ca revealed that the mitochondria and microsomes contained significant amounts of (45)Ca. The amounts of (45)Ca in these fractions decreased by 50 and 40%, respectively, in the presence of adrenaline.9. In (45)Ca exchange experiments conducted with isolated mitochondria at 37 degrees C at 1.5 x 10(-7)m and 0.9 x 10(-7)m free Ca in the presence of 2 mm-Mg(2+), one kinetically defined compartment of exchangeable mitochondrial Ca was detected. The rate constants for Ca outflow were found to be 0.15+/-0.03 and 0.12+/-0.04 min(-1), respectively, in reasonable agreement with the value obtained for the rate constant for the outflow of Ca from the large kinetically defined compartment of exchangeable Ca observed in cells.10. It is concluded that adrenaline has two effects on Ca movement in the liver cell. These are to cause a loss of Ca from an intracellular compartment, which includes the mitochondria and microsomes, and to increase the transport of Ca from the extracellular medium to an intracellular site. This results in an increase in the amount of Ca in a small intracellular compartment which may represent cytoplasmic Ca, or Ca bound to sites on the inside of the plasma membrane. PMID- 7264997 TI - GABA-antagonists and spatial summation in Y-type cat retinal ganglion cells. AB - 1. The effect of GABA-antagonists on centre size of Y-type retinal ganglion cells was measured under conditions which ensured that cells were rod driven. 2. Both bicuculline and picrotoxin, administered intravenously, led to reliable and reversible changes in centre size as determined by area-sensitivity measurements. 3. The administration of GABA-antagonists produced opposite results in on- and off-centre cells; the centre summing area decreased in on-centre cells and increased in off-centre cells. PMID- 7264998 TI - Influence of agonists on desensitization of glutamate receptors on locust muscle. AB - 1. The desensitization, by ionophoretically and bath-applied L-glutamate and agonists, of excitatory post-junctional receptor populations on locust extensor tibiae muscle was investigated. 2. The kinetics of onset of and recovery from desensitization were determined ionophoretically either with trains of glutamate/agonist pulses of different frequencies ('conditioning trains') followed by a single 'test' pulse at different intervals after cessation of the conditioning train or with trains of constant frequency drug pulses superimposed upon steady 'conditioning' doses. Both methods gave quantitatively similar results. 3. For approximately equipotent doses, L-glutamate and agonists produced different rates of desensitization onset. Qualitatively similar results were obtained when changes in input conductance of single muscle fibres were measured during bath application of the amino acids. 4. The time courses of recovery from desensitization for receptor populations activated by glutamate and agonists could be described adequately by single exponentials and were independent of the concentration of amino acid except when desensitization exceeded ca. 90%. 5. The rate of recovery from desensitization was different for each agonist. PMID- 7264999 TI - Developmental changes in metabolism and transport properties of capillaries isolated from rat brain. AB - 1. Capillaries were isolated from the brains of 1- to 45-day-old rats in order to study the development of metabolic and transport aspects of the blood-brain barrier. 2. The hydroxyproline content of capillary hydrolysates increased nearly threefold between 5 and 45 days of age. This finding is consistent with histological studies showing thickening of capillary basement membrane during development. 3. The activities of L-DOPA decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase were greatest in capillaries from 10-day-old rat brain. Thus, the metabolic blood brain barrier for amine precursors is present during early development. 4. Capillaries from all ages were able to metabolize glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate and palmitate. The rate of glucose oxidation more than doubled between 21 and 30 days of age but subsequently decreased. In contrast, beta-hydroxybutyrate and palmitate oxidation increased throughout development. These data suggest a sparing effect by alternate fuels on glucose metabolism. 5. Capillary glucose uptake was similar at 10 and 30 days of age and activity of the ouabain-sensitive K+ pump (measured using 86Rb+) was relatively constant at all ages. In contrast, Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transport was not present until after 21 days of age. Since this transport system may be responsible for the active efflux of neutral amino acids from brain to blood, it is likely that this process does not occur at the immature blood-brain barrier. 6. We conclude that various aspects of brain capillary functions show distinct developmental patterns which may be related to changes in blood-brain barrier permeability during development. PMID- 7265000 TI - An electrical tuning mechanism in turtle cochlear hair cells. AB - 1. Intracellular recordings were made from single cochlear hair cells in the isolated half-head of the turtle. The electrical responses of the cells were recorded under two conditions: (a) when the ear was stimulated with low-intensity tones of different frequencies and (b) when current steps were injected through the intracellular electrode. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate the extent to which the cochlea's frequency selectivity could be accounted for by the electrical properties of the hair cells.2. At low levels of acoustic stimulation, the amplitude of the hair cell's receptor potential was proportional to sound pressure. The linear tuning curve, which is defined as the sensitivity of the cell as a function of frequency when the cell is operating in its linear range, was measured for a number of hair cells with characteristic frequencies from 86 Hz to 425 Hz.3. A rectangular current passed into a hair cell elicited a membrane potential change consisting of a damped oscillation superimposed on a step. Small currents produced symmetrical oscillations at the beginning and end of the pulse. Larger currents increased the initial ringing frequency if depolarizing and decreased it if hyperpolarizing.4. For small currents the frequency of the oscillations and the quality factor (Q) of the electrical resonance derived from the decay of the oscillations were close to the characteristic frequency and Q of the hair-cell linear tuning curve obtained from sound presentations.5. The hair cell's membrane potential change to small-current pulses or low-intensity tone bursts could be largely described by representing the hair cell as a simple electrical resonator consisting of an inductance, resistor and capacitor.6. When step displacements of 29-250 nm were applied to a micropipette, placed just outside a hair cell in the basilar papilla, an initial periodic firing of impulses could be recorded from single fibres in the auditory nerve. Currents of up to 1 nA, injected through the same micropipette, failed to produce any change in the auditory nerve discharge. The experiment demonstrates that current injection does not produce gross movements of the electrode tip.7. The contribution of the electrical resonance to hair-cell tuning was assessed by dividing the linear tuning curve by the cell's impedance as a function of frequency. The procedure assumes that the electrical resonance is independent of other filtering stages, and on this assumption the resonance can account for the tip of the acoustical tuning curve.8. The residual filter produced by the division was broad; it exhibited a high-frequency roll-off with a corner frequency at 500-600 Hz, similar in all cells, and a low-frequency roll-off, with a corner frequency from 30 to 350 Hz which varied from cell to cell but was uncorrelated with the characteristic frequency of the cell.9. The phase of the receptor potential relative to the sound pressure at the tympanum was measured in ten cells. For low intensities the phase characteristic was independent of the sound pressure. At low frequencies the receptor potential led the sound by 270 360 degrees , and in the region of the characteristic frequency there was an abrupt phase lag of 90-180 degrees ; the abruptness of the phase change depended upon the Q of the cell.10. The calculated phase shift of the electrical resonator as a function of frequency was subtracted from the phase characteristic of the receptor potential. The subtraction removed the sharp phase transition around the characteristic frequency, and in this frequency region the residual phase after subtraction was approximately constant at +180 degrees . This is consistent with the idea that the hair cells depolarize in response to displacements of the basilar membrane towards the scala vestibuli. The high-frequency region of the residual phase characteristic was similar in all cells.11. It is concluded that each hair cell contains its own electrical resonance mechanism which accounts for most of the frequency selectivity of the receptor potential. All cells also show evidence of a broad band-pass filter, the high frequency portion of which may be produced by the action of the middle ear. PMID- 7265002 TI - Chloride dependence of frusemide- and phloretin-sensitive passive sodium and potassium fluxes in human red cells. AB - 1. In outdated human red blood cells, there was a Ko-dependent, ouabain insensitive efflux of Na that was inhibited by frusemide and phloretin. 2. It was reduced or absent (a) in media containing Ca or Mg, (b) in fresh cells. 3. In media with Cl partly replaced by NO3, Na efflux, and its sensitivity to Ko and frusemide, were reduced. 4. The saturable component of ouabain-insensitive K influx was dependent on Cl and inhibited by frusemide and by phloretin. 5. Bromide also supported a frusemide-sensitive, ouabain-insensitive K influx but acetate and SO4 (like NO3) did not. PMID- 7265001 TI - Effects of bleaching and backgrounds on the flash response of the cone system. AB - 1. Increment-threshold functions for flashed backgrounds were measured in the human fovea under several conditions: (1) during dark adaptation following full bleaches, (2) in the presence of steady adapting backgrounds and (3) 500 msec following extinction of adapting backgrounds.2. To prevent the intense flashed backgrounds from interfering with the course of dark adaptation the inter-trial interval was continuously increased during dark adaptation. This technique may prove generally useful for presenting suprathreshold stimuli during dark adaptation.3. All the increment-threshold functions measured during dark adaptation were found to be roughly shape invariant and continuously accelerating when plotted in log-log co-ordinates. Furthermore, in order to translate a function obtained at any given time into coincidence with a function obtained at any other time, it had to be translated vertically and horizontally the same number of log units. This is equivalent to adding or removing neutral density filters from in front of the eye.4. The increment-threshold functions obtained with steady adapting backgrounds were also continuously accelerating, but could not be brought into coincidence by equal vertical and horizontal translation. However, this became possible again if the adapting background was extinguished during presentation of the flashed background.5. These results contradict the equivalent-background hypothesis. None the less, they suggest that under present conditions the effects of bleaches and backgrounds may be similar except that steady backgrounds provide additional quanta which drive the visual system part of the way up its intensity-response function.6. The conclusions above were supported by applying a simple model based on the equation R = R(max). I(n) / (I(n) + I(1) (n)), which has frequently been used to describe the peak responses of retinal neurones to flashed stimuli. Virtually all of the data reported here were fitted by this simple model with R(max) held constant.7. The parameters estimated from the model imply that the flash responses measured in the present experiments differ in at least one fundamental way from receptor responses. Even after taking into account changes in the half saturation constant I(1), steady backgrounds were found to be much less effective than flashed backgrounds in driving the visual system up its intensity-response function. A subtractive inhibitory network prior to the non-linear stages responsible for threshold saturation could explain this result. PMID- 7265004 TI - The effects of chloride substitution on intracellular pH in crab muscle. AB - 1. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured in crab muscle fibres using pH-sensitive micro-electrodes. The mean stable pHi was 7.19 +/- 00.2 (S.E. of mean) and the corresponding mean membrane potential was -64.6 +/- 0.4 mV (S.E. of mean) at an external pH of 7.5. 2. The effects on pHi of replacing 20% (100 mM) of the external NaCl by the Na salts of various anions were examined. The anions of weak acid (pK'a greater than 4.5) caused large internal acidifications. The anions of strong acids (pK'a less than 2.6) caused little or no change in pHi. The anions of acids with an intermediate pK'a had varied effects on pHi. In particular salicylate (pK'a = 2.97) was found to cause a large fall in pHi. 3. Increasing the external pH reduced the effects of the anions of weak acids on pHi. It is argued that these effects are the result of the entry and subsequent dissociation of undissociated acid molecules. 4. The results with propionate were quantified by comparing them with the effects of 5% CO2 and were found to be smaller than expected. It is suggested that this is the result of substantial membrane permeability to the propionate anion. PMID- 7265006 TI - [A method for estimation waveform similarity in averaged evoked potentials (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265005 TI - [Response types of the stomach movement induced by diencephalic stimulation (author's transl)]. AB - The stomach movements were detected using strain gauges from chloralose-urethane anesthetized rabbits. The gauges were fixed on the serosal surface of the fundic part a week before each experiment. The intensity, frequency, or pulse width of the stimuli exercised little influence basically on the response patterns; thus, 40-Hz continuous pulses were delivered to the diencephalon. A total of 110 out of 259 stimulating points in the diencephala affected either the rhythmic movement (RM) or the fundamental muscle tone (FT) of the stomach. Five main types of response patterns were recognized: (1) facilitatory responses showing an increase in amplitude and frequency of RM, (2) inhibitory responses showing a decrease in amplitude and frequency of RM, (3) an elevation of FT, (4) a descent of FT, and (5) after-effect type only exhibiting a significant response after the turn-off of a given stimulus. An attempt was made to correspond each of the stomach responses to the anatomical location of the responsive points. The corresponding points were distributed throughout the hypothalamic area. The functional localization was indistinct except of the anterior region of the hypothalamus which was more responsible for the facilitatory effect. PMID- 7265003 TI - Inactivation in Myxicola giant axons responsible for slow and accumulative adaptation phenomena. AB - 1. The action potential in Myxicola giant axons is abolished if the nerve is stimulated at frequencies higher than about 5 sec-1. At 1 sec-1 the magnitude of the action potential is not maintained upon sequential stimulation but decreases until the response is abolished. 2. The behaviour of the ionic currents underlying the action potential was studied with voltage-clamp techniques to find the origin of such adaptation. These studies showed a frequency-dependent decline of the sodium currents. 3. The decline in the Na currents upon repetitive depolarization is shown to be due to a decrease in the Na conductance and not to change in driving force. 4. An analysis of the effects of conditioning depolarizations on the Na current during a depolarizing test pulse demonstrates that in a single short depolarization (less than 10 msec) 15% of the Na conductance enters an inactivated state from which recovery is very slow. Upon repetitive depolarizations the amount of Na conductance available accumulates in this slowly recovering inactivated state. 5. The data are explained by proposing that every time the membrane is depolarized open channels undergo one of two competing reactions. Open channels enter either the traditional inactivated state described by Hodgkin & Huxley (1952b) from which recovery is fast (a few milliseconds) or an inactivated state from which recovery is very slow (seconds). In Myxicola, only 15% of open channels enter the later inactivated state in a single depolarization. Upon repetitive depolarizations, however, the fraction in this state accumulates if the frequency of pulsing is faster than the rate of recovery. 6. Axons in which the amount of open channels entering the slowly recovering inactivated state is significant, such as in Myxicola, have thus a system capable of storing the previous activity of the axon for periods of seconds or minutes. PMID- 7265007 TI - Prevalence of schizophrenia in the Pacific Island populations of Micronesia. PMID- 7265009 TI - Abstracts of communications of the Psychiatric Research Society, Boston, Massachusetts, September 26--27, 1980. PMID- 7265008 TI - Quantifying lifetime risk of psychiatric disorder. PMID- 7265010 TI - Determination of lithium-induced impairment of distal water reabsorption. PMID- 7265011 TI - Cognitive changes during recovery from anxiety neurosis. PMID- 7265012 TI - Visual information processing and alpha blocking in schizophrenics and normals. PMID- 7265013 TI - Social and personality characteristics of Nigerian medical students. AB - Nigerian medical students (N = 183) were assessed with a 58-item general questionnaire, the Health Opinion Survey, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). The social, demographic, and related characteristics of the Ss were described. On the EPQ both male and female Ss obtained considerably higher mean scores than British Ss of the standardization sample. For males P, E, and N mean scores were of the same order as scores obtained by British Ss. Females had lower N scores and higher P and E scores than the British. There were significant associations between N scores and past treatment for emotional complaints and between the latter and E scores. The relationship between self assessed mental health and N scores was almost significant at the .05 level. PMID- 7265014 TI - Mental impairment and intelligence g factor: a psychometric profile. AB - Correlation among psychometric tests in normal Ss (N = 102) was examined for g factor saturation. A psychometric profile employing a test battery was drawn for use with neuropsychiatric patients (N = 35) to study whether mental impairment is due to a destruction of the general intelligence or of some specific intellectual function. Specific intellectual functions seem to have been involved, albeit at different degrees, Attentive abilities were the most impaired, abstract thinking the least. A methodological approach is proposed for further studies on mental impairment in neurological disorders. PMID- 7265015 TI - The salience of overweight in personality characterization. AB - It is argued that the stigma attached to overweight or obesity often causes overweight to operate as a "master status." College students (N = 223) were asked to write stories about male and female stimulus characters who varied only in body image. It was hypothesized that subjects writing about overweight stimulus characters would be more likely than those writing about normal weight characters to (a) write sad or negative stories, (b) create unpleasant characters, and (c) describe their characters with more negative personality characteristics on a semantic differential personality scale. Support was found for part (a) and (b) of the hypothesis but not part (c). The relationships were stronger when the stimulus was a picture than when it was a descriptive paragraph and when the stimulus character was female rather than male. There was indication that female subjects were more likely to associate an overweight body image with an unpleasant personality than were male subjects. PMID- 7265016 TI - Correlations of some brief measures of intelligence with the WISC-R for a group of exceptional children. AB - Correlations were calculated between the Slosson Intelligence Test, Quick Test forms 1 and 3, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-R for a group of 93 students (58 boys and 35 girls) who were in Special Education classes. It was found that the Slosson, Quick Tests, and PPVT correlated higher with the verbal scale of the WISC-R than with the Full-scale or Performance scale. It was concluded that the more briefly administered tests do not provide scores that can be considered to be comparable to the WISC-R Full scale. PMID- 7265017 TI - Multiple predictors and multiple outcomes after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7265018 TI - Expression of affect and physiological response in psychosomatic patients. PMID- 7265019 TI - Pain during childbirth and menstruation: a study of locus of control. PMID- 7265020 TI - The clinical assessment of olfaction: differential diagnoses including Kallman's syndrome. PMID- 7265021 TI - Sexual attitudes and social role orientations in infertile women. PMID- 7265022 TI - Adherence to medical treatment: overview and lessons from behavioral weight control. PMID- 7265023 TI - Risk factors for hypertension in children: their relationship to psychophysiological responses. PMID- 7265024 TI - Effectiveness of skin resistance biofeedback for controlling arousal in non stressful and stressful situations: two experiments. PMID- 7265025 TI - Note on estimating catecholamines in urine sampled after 75-min periods of mental work and inactivity. PMID- 7265026 TI - The long-term outcome of psychiatric morbidity detected in general medical patients. PMID- 7265027 TI - Benign and malignant disease of the pancreas. PMID- 7265028 TI - The replacement of both hip and knee joints in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7265030 TI - A conservative method for treatment of burns. PMID- 7265029 TI - Localised aorto-iliac disease in premenopausal women. PMID- 7265032 TI - The through deck hospital. PMID- 7265031 TI - The prevention and treatment of alcoholism in the royal Navy.-2. Identification. PMID- 7265033 TI - Massive congenital pelvic arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 7265034 TI - Out-patient treatment of haemorrhoids. PMID- 7265035 TI - A large ethmoidal osteoma. PMID- 7265036 TI - Phthiriasis palpebrarum - an unusual cause of blepharitis. PMID- 7265037 TI - Data analysis II. Some statistical methods for 2x2 tables. PMID- 7265038 TI - When you've heard the East a-callin'. PMID- 7265039 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance]. PMID- 7265040 TI - [Effect of availability of computer tomography on activity in an emergency neuroradiological department (author's transl)]. AB - Overall activity in an emergency neuroradiological department was altered when computed tomography facilities became available, as shown by comparative studies conducted during one year without and one year with the use of this investigational method. More examinations were conducted during the year the apparatus was available, and the diagnostic approach to patients with head or brain injuries was modified, computed tomography replacing the arteriography used as an initial examination during the first year. These findings can be related to the rapidity, safety, and diagnostic precision of computed tomography examinations. PMID- 7265041 TI - [Atheromatous coronary artery disease: value of a study of calcification during assessment (author's transl)]. AB - Correlations between calcifications and stenoses observed on coronarography were studied in 200 patients with coronary heart disease and calcifications in the coronary arteries. There was a very close relationship (p less than 0.0005) between the number of calcified and stenosed main coronary vessels. Calcification in the circumflex and right coronary vessels is a specific sign of stenosis. There was a high frequency of poor arterial beds distal to the stenoses when these were calcified. It is considered that the detection of coronary calcification by means of a brilliance amplifier constitutes one of the most effective non-invasive methods for assessing coronary artery disease. PMID- 7265042 TI - ["Arterial time" in intravenous urography: a critical study (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective study was conducted, in order to establish the precise "arterial time" during intravenous urography, by employing a very precise technique in three groups of patients. The first group had a standard film taken, centered on the kidneys during "arterial time", after the intravenous injection of a contrast medium bolus, followed by a second film with the same centering as rapidly as possible after the previous film. Zonography during "arterial time" in the plane of the arteries was conducted in the second group, and this was followed by three successive tomographic sections in the parenchymatous planes as rapidly as possible. A third group, acting as controls, had a simple film taken, centered on the kidneys during ideal "nephrographic time" (arterial time + 10 seconds). A double-blind technique was used to analyse the results. The arterial film of intravenous urography, whatever the technique employed, has several inconveniences and, above all, certain limitations. Though it is of undoubted value in some cases, it should be employed with caution in certain precise cases, and should not be given an absolute definitive value without due reflection. The interest of a urography examination, which may not have detected a lesion, should not be underestimated, as it can still supply very explicit information suggesting the presence of a renal artery disorder. PMID- 7265043 TI - [Comparative study of ultrasonography and oral cholecystography in gallbladder lithiasis detection (author's transl)]. AB - A comparative study has been realized to test the accuracy of oral cholecystography versus real time ultrasonography in 150 patients with gallbladder lithiasis surgery. Oral cholecystography correctly diagnosed 107 cases (70%), whereas ultrasonography diagnosed gallbladder lithiasis in 145 or in 96,5% of the cases. Failure of the technique in the remaining cases was related to a scleroatrophic gall bladder with stones of less than 3 mm. These results confirm that ultrasonography must be proposed as the first examination for the diagnosis of gallstones. PMID- 7265044 TI - [Semeiologic study of 50 ultrasonographied ectopic pregnancies (author's transl)]. AB - Echographic changes in ectopic pregnancy can affect uterus, annexes and cul-de sac of Douglas. They are inconstant and quite variable according to the anatomic stage. Echographic aspects of 50 proved ectopic pregnancies and their frequency are reported. The echographic signs are then evaluated according to their viability and possible errors (differential diagnosis). PMID- 7265045 TI - [Shoulder radiographic evaluation. Radiographic examination of shoulder and scapular girdle trauma (author's transl)]. AB - The Shoulder Radiographic Evaluation ("Complet Radiologique de l'Epaule") is completed by four positions: Standard A-P, Axillary axial view, Profil of the scapula, A-P in arm abduction. This paper focuses on the radiographic examination of the components of scapular girdle and shoulder articular complex. Several positions are described as routine positions in trauma. This radiographic procedure is of helpful interest for clinical, therapeutic and forensic applications. PMID- 7265046 TI - [Intra-osseus hemorrhagic lesions in congenital afibrinogenemia. A new case (author's transl)]. AB - Congenital afibrinemia is a rare disease, transmitted by an autosomal recessive mode, and due to deficient fibrinogen. Osseous involvement is exceptional, since only 2 cases have been reported. We describe a third case. The roentgenographic features are well limited radiolucent lesions, arising in the medullary space, and slightly expanding. These lesions are related to fibrous cysts, resulting from intraosseous hemorrhages. Spontaneous resolution may occur: the absence of fibrin deposits and blood clot probably favours resorption. PMID- 7265047 TI - [CRST syndrome (Thibierge-Weissenbach's syndrome) and intra-articular calcification: a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A case of Thibierge-Weissenbach's syndrome is reported in a woman with very advanced generalized scleroderma, telangiectases, subcutaneous calcinosis, and a Raynaud's syndrome. Atypical radiological appearances were noted: intra-articular calcinosis of the radioulnar, metacarpo-phalangeal, and metatarso-phalangeal joints. The published literature is reviewed. PMID- 7265048 TI - [Brisk postoperative bleeding in a solitary kidney successfully treated by temporary clot embolization (author's transl)]. AB - The so called temporary embolization by percutaneous injection of autologous clot can be envisaged as the method of choice in selected cases of massive renal bleeding. The goals of this technique are to occlude the bleeding vessels until a satisfactory hemostasis is achieved and to preserve as far as possible the renal parenchyma by adopting a completely reabsorbable embolic material as the autologous clot. After a review of the literature a case is presented where a temporary embolization was performed in a young woman with brisk postoperative bleeding in a solitary kidney. The procedure was successful and the renal function was not impaired. PMID- 7265049 TI - [Sound for barium enema with double contrast to be used on patients with colostomy (author's transl)]. AB - Description of a right angle sound with balloon and collar to effectuate barium enemas with double contrast on colostomized patients. This atraumatic, watertight catheter can be used for examination in all incidences even in procubitus. PMID- 7265050 TI - [Value of the transscapular view in radiological of shoulder trauma (author's transl)]. AB - With a one year experience concerning 67 patients, the authors suggest to use for any shoulder trauma, a transscapular view associated with the routine antero postereiur film of the shoulder. This incidence has a major advantage on all the other lateral positions to be always possible at the exclusion of severely polytraumatised patients. Luxations of the shoulder, humerus and scapula fractures and lesions of acromio clavicular joints are quite correctly visualized. PMID- 7265051 TI - Home visiting by a geriatric department. AB - The practice of home visiting by the geriatrician in an inner city area is described. Visiting was of two kinds: domiciliary consultations made at the request of the general practitioner, and visits made with the consent of the general practitioner to see whether hospital admission was essential. Since 1962, 4,000 visits have been made, and in a sample of 100 visits made in 1977, 45 were domiciliary consultations and 55 followed requests for admission. Fifty-six patients were admitted at once and five following a subsequent outpatient appointment. The patients were referred by 51 general practitioners. At none of the consultations was the geriatrician accompanied by the general practitioner. Referral information given by the general practitioners was analysed. Information about acute physical disease and social conditions was commonly given but reference to psychological state, chronic disabilities, and drug therapy was much less common. Drugs were mentioned in only 27 referrals. More complete referrals would have been valuable to the geriatrician and to the general practitioner in deciding their courses of action. More accompanied visits and reference to a check-list consisting of acute physical disease, psychological state, social conditions, chronic disabilities, and drug therapy is suggested to improve communication and the quality of referrals. PMID- 7265052 TI - International sore throats. AB - This paper reports on an international study of the diagnostic behaviour of doctors presented with patients complaining of a sore throat. Differences were found between individual doctors' predicted and actual behaviour, and between the behaviour of doctors in different countries. PMID- 7265053 TI - Why not prescribe antibiotics for "heavy colds'? PMID- 7265054 TI - An urban sheep tick. PMID- 7265055 TI - James Mackenzie Lecture 1980. The compleat general practitioner. PMID- 7265056 TI - Patients' perceptions of psychotropic drugs. AB - This pilot study examined patients' perceptions of, and attitudes towards, psychotropic drug-taking. Fifty chronic users of benzodiazepines in two Middlesex group practices were interviewed, and data were collected on their knowledge, experience and expectations of these drugs.The data suggest that psychotropic drug-taking has become an important part of many patients' self-image and of their social relationships, and that these factors should be taken into account when dealing with psychological dependence on psychotropic drugs. PMID- 7265057 TI - The development of a district community psychology service. AB - A survey was carried out to assess the difficulties encountered by general practitioners within a health district in the management of patients with emotional problems, and their attitudes to the involvement of clinical psychologists in primary health care.Based on the response to this survey a district community psychology service has been established. This is an adjunct to hospital-based services and attempts to overcome some of the shortcomings of traditional psychotherapeutic services. PMID- 7265058 TI - Obstetrics and gynaecology for general practice. Royal College of General Practitioners. PMID- 7265059 TI - A review of the general practitioner obstetric service in Colchester 1970-1979. AB - I report here on an audit of the work of a general practitioner maternity unit situated in the same building as a consultant obstetric unit. Between 1970 and 1979, 10,588 patients were admitted under the care of general practitioner obstetricians. The perinatal mortality rate averaged 6.9. I show in the report how an audit of such a unit can be carried out, and demonstrate that general practitioner obstetricians still have a valid and useful place in a district obstetric service. PMID- 7265060 TI - The connection between dystocia and dysmenorrhoea. AB - Eight hundred and eighty women having their first baby were asked whether they had had dysmenorrhoea; 61 per cent had and 39 per cent had not. Eleven per cent of the former had to have forceps, ventouse or caesarean section, compared with twice as many (20.8 per cent) of the latter (p = 0.001). Those with severe dysmenorrhoea had a greater need for operative interference (not statistically significant). I suggest, after 21 years of observation, that the level of prostaglandin activity may be different in these women, and that a history of no dysmenorrhoea or severe dysmenorrhoea might be considered as a risk factor for a complicated delivery. PMID- 7265061 TI - Do patients consult the doctor less often than they used to? AB - Analysis of nationally representative surveys of adults and older teenagers has identified a small but steady decrease in consultation rates following the transient increase which occurred after the introduction of the National Health Service. Visiting rates decreased substantially after 1950 but no trend has been identified in attendance rates. However, between 1950 and 1978 visits have represented a decreasing proportion, and attendances an increasing proportion, of all consultations. PMID- 7265062 TI - Markers of macrophage heterogeneity: altered frequency of macrophage subpopulations after various pathologic stimuli. PMID- 7265063 TI - Identification of the neonatal liver cell line NCTC 1469 as a macrophage-like cell line. PMID- 7265064 TI - Chromatographic isolation of two murine leukocyte peroxidases distinct from eosinophil peroxidase: isoenzymes or cell line-specific proteins? PMID- 7265065 TI - Differential enhancement of the clonal growth of various mononuclear phagocytes by hemolysates. PMID- 7265066 TI - The effect of glucocorticosteroids on the kinetics of pulmonary macrophages. PMID- 7265068 TI - Occupational health services and the prevention of non-occupational disease. PMID- 7265067 TI - Reticuloendothelial clearance of radiolabelled pneumococci in experimental bacteremia: correlation of changes in clearance rates, sequestration patterns, and opsonization requirements at different phases of the bacterial growth cycle. PMID- 7265069 TI - Laparotomy. AB - In a consecutive series of 1207 major laparotomies, the incidence of wound infections, wound failures and chest complications was prospectively recorded; this allowed certain predisposing factors to be identified, both avoidable and unavoidable. Among the former were operative bacterial contamination, haemorrhagic and septic shock and the use of nasogastric tubes; the most important of the latter were male sex and pre-existing bronchitis. PMID- 7265070 TI - Colonoscopy: a survey of its value in a teaching hospital surgical unit. AB - A survey has been undertaken of the diagnostic, therapeutic and economic value of colonoscopy in a teaching hospital surgical unit. Provided it is undertaken in conjunction with a good clinical history and double contrast barium enema, colonoscopy provides a high yield of information bearing upon the patient's subsequent management. Therapeutic polypectomy was undertaken in 21% of examinations. Its value in acute colonic disease is discussed, and the importance of training colonoscopists for the future is emphasized. PMID- 7265071 TI - Carcinoma of the rectum in male homosexuals. AB - Two male homosexuals with carcinomata of the rectum with transitional cell changes are reported, and the possible aetiology of these lesions is discussed. PMID- 7265072 TI - Oral complaints related to climacteric symptoms in oophorectomized women. AB - Numerous oral complaints have been attributed to the female climacteric including altered taste, a burning sensation and xerostomia. However, the data relating these symptoms to the climacteric require elucidation as there have been no adequately controlled studies. In the present investigation, a group of 145 oophorectomized women were followed for one year. Approximately half were treated with oestrogen replacement and the remainder with a placebo. The results indicate that the hormone had no direct effect upon the oral symptoms but that there was a general increase in somatic complaints which appeared to be related to the degree of neurosis experienced. This is turn can be attributed to vasomotor changes which are under the control of oestrogen. PMID- 7265073 TI - Familial jejunal atresia with 'apple-peel' variant. AB - We report two siblings who had jejunal atresia which we believe to be familial. The parents of these siblings were first cousins. The first child had jejunal atresia with mesenteric agenesis and 'apple-peel' configuration; the second child had jejunal atresia with a V-shaped mesenteric defect. Other reported cases of familial atresia of the small intestine are reviewed. PMID- 7265074 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of early oesophageal carcinoma. PMID- 7265075 TI - Scientific empiricism and clinical medicine: a discussion paper. PMID- 7265076 TI - Erosive crohn's arthritis. PMID- 7265077 TI - Leiomyoma of the renal vein. PMID- 7265078 TI - Recurrent post-traumatic dislocation of the hip in children. PMID- 7265080 TI - Lymph drainage of the major joints of the porcine forelimb. AB - The lymph drainage of the major joints of the porcine forelimb was subjected to a critical examination. Commercial India ink was injected into the left elbow joint and right shoulder joint of an experimental pig. The shoulder joint was approached craniolaterally, the injection site being at the cranial border of the tendon of insertion of the infraspinatus muscle. The elbow joint was approached from the dorsolateral aspect. A suitable site for intra-articular injection into the elbow joint was found to be within an imaginary triangle formed caudal to the lateral epicondyloid crest of the humerus, the ventral border of the lateral head of the M. triceps brachii, and a line just dorsal to the olecranon. The lymph nodes of the neck and shoulder region were carefully exposed and examined for any discoloration due to the ink. The dissection of the lymph vessels and lymph nodes showed that the Lnn, axillares primae costae drained the elbow and shoulder joint after the intra-articular injection of India ink. PMID- 7265079 TI - Dyskinesia induced by mefanimic acid? PMID- 7265081 TI - The origin and significance of the Langerhans cell granules. AB - Preliminary evidence indicates that the Langerhans cell granules (also known as Birbeck granules) may really be intercellular desmosomal discs of the more superficial layers of stratified squamous epithelium that have been taken up by the interdigitating dendritic processes of the Langerhans cells. They should therefore be considered as phagosomes whose only significance is in indicating that their hosts had traversed one or other of the various types of stratified squamous epithelium of the body. When seen in this light variable presence in Langerhans cells or occasional presence in melanocytes or keratinocytes can be satisfactorily explained. Although the Langerhans cells form the first line of immunologic defence as antigen detectors, it is unlikely that their granules play any role at all in the immune response. PMID- 7265082 TI - Studies on feline babesiosis. 2. Clinical observations. AB - Clinical observations were made on 20 experimentally infected and 70 clinical cases of feline babesiosis. The experimental cats showed a remarkable ability to adapt to the disease. Lethargy, anorexia and anaemia were recorded in both groups. Icterus was only occasionally seen. Elevated body temperature was not a feature of the disease. All untreated animals eventually died. Blood smears revealed increased polychromatophils, Howell-Jolly bodies, nucleated erythrocytes and anisocytosis indicative of a regenerative anaemia. Erythrophagocytosis by monocytic type leucocytes was also observed. PMID- 7265083 TI - The relevance of different test methods for the evaluation of tick controlling substances. AB - Results of comparative investigations of different in vitro and in vivo procedures are reported. The aim of the investigations was to determine which of the test methods gives the best estimate of the activity against ticks under field conditions when used for active ingredients of varying chemical constitutions and different types of action. The data obtained indicate that results of in vitro test methods using tick larvae differ with the test procedure employed and the chemical class of the active ingredient. Therefore, in many instances these test methods do not allow extrapolation to practical conditions. In vitro tests employing engorged female ticks are much more reliable for most classes of compounds. However, there still are groups of compounds for which this test furnishes incorrect predictions. A better indication of the potency of a compound is therefore obtainable using in vivo test procedures. An economic and reliable method for the selection of prospective active ingredients is the mini dip method using the specific host animal. This method provides not only an indication of the future concentration to be recommended but also provides information on the different types of activity of compounds active against ticks, i.e. tickicidal effect, paralysis, detachment, inhibition of development. Such observations are difficult or even impossible when in vitro methods are employed. The predictive value of the mini-dip method has been established for tick controlling substances of widely varying chemical constitution like organophosphorus compounds, carbamates, thioureas, diamidides, thiazolines and synthetic pyrethroids. PMID- 7265084 TI - Enteritis in sheep due to the ingestion of Inula graveolens Desf (Cape Khakiweed). AB - Diarrhoea and mortality in sheep on a farm in the Winter Rainfall area of the Republic of South Africa were found to be due to an enteritis produced by the massive penetration of the mucous membrane of the small intestine by the bristles of the pappus of the Cape Khakiweed. PMID- 7265085 TI - The micromorphological development of the post partum corpus luteum in the ewe. AB - The morphological changes in the post partum corpus luteum was investigated by light microscopy on 16 ewes during the normal breeding season (March/April). The increase in luteal tissue results from hypertrophy and not from hyperplasia of the granulosa and thecal cells. Two types of lutein cells were found in the corpus luteum: a large light-staining cell and a small dark-staining cell. These might reflect the 2 extremes of a spectrum of cells in different functional states, or they might represent cell lines derived from the follicular granulosa and the thecal interna, respectively. PMID- 7265086 TI - [Use and misuse of hormones in female reproductive disorders]. AB - The correct use of hormones in genesiological cases is discussed with indications for their use, dosage levels and duration of treatment under the following groups, viz. hypothalamic hormones, hypophyseal hormones, other gonadotrophins, steroids, combinations of the foregoing and prostaglandins. The more important dangers associated with hormone therapy are then briefly discussed with a few examples of the more common and hazardous abuses. PMID- 7265087 TI - A review of the usage of prostaglandins in pigs. PMID- 7265088 TI - Some thoughts on swimming horses in a pool. AB - Several indications for swimming horses are recalled. A satisfactory pool and the technique for its use are described. Some observations on the effect on swimming are offered. PMID- 7265089 TI - Keeping of case records in equine practice. PMID- 7265090 TI - Unilateral hindleg spasticity: outbreak of a specific clinical condition in suckling piglets. AB - A specific clinical condition of unilateral hindleg spasticity is described which affected all the piglets of 8 litters in one piggery. Histopathological examination of 3 of the piglets revealed changes involving some of the large neurons in the red nucleus, cerebellar nuclei and lumbar spinal cord. These changes were absent from 2 control piglets of the same age which were studied. The clinical and histopathological findings are discussed in relation to the possible aetiology of the condition. PMID- 7265091 TI - Extragenital malignant transmissible venereal tumour in a bitch. AB - Transmissible venereal tumor was diagnosed in the vagina of a bitch. The tumor spread to the oral mucosa in the tonsilar area of a female offspring which was frequently observed licking the vaginal discharge from the bitch. Metastasis to the ovary occurred in the bitch and wide-spread metastasis, especially to the skin, lymph nodes and spleen was recorded in the offspring. Both animals were euthanased due to poor response to treatment. The diagnoses were confirmed by histopathological examination. PMID- 7265092 TI - Dourine and the Downer mare. PMID- 7265093 TI - A South African cattle warble? PMID- 7265094 TI - Pre- and post-weaning performance of artificially reared calves. II. The effects of milk substitute and milk substitute-whey diets on the performance of calves with particular reference to the selection of calves with improved growth potential from their blood composition a week after birth. AB - Sixteen Friesland bull calves were divided into two groups and raised artificially in an early weaning system. The liquid feeding of one group consisted of a commercial milk substitute and that of the other group of a 50:50 milk substitute-whey mixture. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals, starting one week after birth, and analysed for packed cell volume (PCV), blood glucose and haemoglobin (Hb); serum albumin, total protein, urea, inorganic phosphate (Pi), Ca, Mg, Na and K. The liquid portion of the diet had no significant effect on either the blood composition of the calves or on their performance (mass gain, dry matter intake and feed conversion) at the end of the experimental period (week 13). The only significant difference (P less than 0,05) between the two groups was the body mass of the calves at weaning. There were significant changes in the concentrations of most blood constituents with age (P less than 0,001 for Hb, PCV, albumin, globulin, Pi and K; P less than 0,01 for urea and Ca). A significant correlation (P less than 0,05) was also found between the calves' growth rates from 1 to 13 weeks and the concentration of globulin at one week of age. The regression of growth rate from 1 to 13 weeks with the blood constituents, globulin, Hb, PCV, Pi, Mg and Ca at one week of age accounted for 67,4% of the variance among calves. The evidence suggests that the above types of liquid feeding in an early weaning system would not significantly affect the composition of the blood of calves when sampled approximately six weeks or more after weaning, provided a predictive assessment of subsequent growth performance. PMID- 7265095 TI - Field outbreaks of leukoencephalomalacia in horses consuming maize infected by Fusarium verticillioides (= F. moniliforme) in South Africa. AB - Four outbreaks of leukoencephalomalacia in horses in widely separated areas in South Africa are reported. The clinical signs and pathological lesions observed in each outbreak are briefly described. Mouldy home-grown maize from which Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (= F. moniliforme Sheldon) was isolated in every instance, was involved in the outbreaks. Clinical signs and pathological lesions were identical to those seen in experimentally produced cases of F. verticillioides poisoning in horses. PMID- 7265096 TI - [The genetic value of embryo transfer in South Africa (author's transl)]. AB - The different applications of embryo transfer from the animal improvement, scientific and commercial point of view are outlined. The most important application in South Africa is the production of the next generation's dairy A.I. bulls out of elite cows after superovulation, inseminations with the best available semen and embryo transfer to many foster mothers. The specific difficulties of running breeding programmes with small active breeding populations are discussed, and it is suggested that elite cows should be brought to special farms or government stations during the period of superovulation and transfer. In this way the disadvantage of small breeding populations could to a certain extent be overcome by embryo transfer. PMID- 7265097 TI - The anatomy of the female reproductive tract of the springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis). AB - The anatomy of the female reproductive tract of the springbok is described, using material of 25 ewes collected at the S.A. Lombard Nature Reserve and 300 ewes collected at the De Beers farm Benfontein. No difference in the length of left and right fallopian tubes (104 +/- 24 mm) was observed, and from the funnel to the isthmus it narrows considerably from 15 mm to 1,25 mm. A distinct flexure is formed by the utero-tubal juncture. A complete ovarian bursa with a ventral orifice occurs. The reproductive tract increases in mass from 9.2 g in infants to 38,0 g in adults. The right uterine horn of the bicornuate tract is consistently longer. Caruncles are more numerous in the right (60,2 +/- 9,37) than the left (45,8 +/- 10,18) uterine horn. The intricate cervical lumen consisting of four to six valves in non-pregnant ewes becomes a simple S-shaped canal with advanced pregnancy. PMID- 7265098 TI - Registration of veterinarians in the Republic of South Africa. PMID- 7265099 TI - The epizootiology of nematode parasites of sheep in a high-rainfall area of Zimbabwe. AB - Fifty-two untreated lambs from a contaminated flock were slaughtered at regular intervals throughout the year, and their gastro-intestinal tracts were examined for the presence of nematode parasites. Haemonchus contortus and Oesophagostomum columbianum were found to be of major importance. The incidence of Haemonchus rose to a peak and remained at a high level throughout the winter through the fourth larval stages of the parasite predominated at this stage. Oesophagostomum columbianum was recovered in numbers unusually high for this species, the incidence of which remained at a relatively high level from March until October. The minor genera recovered were Trichostrongylus spp., Cooperia spp., Strongyloides papillosus and Trichuris ovis. PMID- 7265100 TI - The efficacy of fenbendazole at a dosage rate of 5 mg/kg against nematode infestations in cattle. AB - The anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole, dosed to artificially infested cattle at 5 mg/kg live mass was determined against immature and adult Haemonchus placei. Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia spp., Bunostomum phlebotomum and Oesophagostomum radiatum. At this dosage rate, fenbendazole was more than 80% effective in more than 80% of the animals treated against the abovementioned nematodes. The only exception was against the third-stage larvae of B. phlebotomum when it fell to more than 60% effective in more than 60% of the animals treated. PMID- 7265101 TI - Diaphragmatic hernia in bovines. AB - Three cases of diaphragmatic hernia in bovines were encountered over a period of 5 years. The successful surgical repair of one case is reported. PMID- 7265102 TI - Studies on feline babesiosis. 4. Chemical pathology; macroscopic and microscopic post mortem findings. AB - Chemopathological changes were monitored in 20 experimentally infected and 70 clinical cases of feline babesiosis. Total serum proteins remained unchanged but there was a definite increase in gamma globulin and decrease in alpha and beta globulins. In most cases liver function was essentially normal although function tests occasionally indicated hepatic dysfunction. Renal function was unaffected. Venous blood pH remained normal throughout. Post mortem findings on the experimental cats included bile stasis and hepatic necrosis in some; marked internal icterus was only seen in 2 cases. PMID- 7265103 TI - Current position of the F&DA regarding veterinary drug and feed additive registration in the USA. PMID- 7265105 TI - Fibrotic myopathy, haematomas and scar tissue in the gaskin area of the thoroughbred. AB - An easy diagnostic technique for recognising fibrotic myopathy and scarring in the caudal popliteal area is described. A simplified corrective surgical technique is offered and discussed briefly. Some aspects of haematomas are reviewed. PMID- 7265104 TI - Correlation of changes in blood chemistry with pathological changes in the animal's body: I. Serum nutrients and proteins. AB - The usefulness of laboratory tests is discussed, with emphasis placed on the correlation of the results with the clinical findings. The advantages and disadvantages of clinical chemistry and the precautions necessary when collecting the blood sample are delineated. Brief consideration is given to selecting the laboratory, the normal range, and the knowledge essential for interpretation of the results. The concentrations of the blood constituents are considered relative to the rate of release from cells, the method of transport in the blood, and the rate of removal from the blood. The physiological and pathological alterations in these factors dictate blood chemistry results. The physiologic influences on the concentrations of blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and plasma free fatty acids are considered. The causes of physiologic and pathologic increases and decreases in these blood constituents are discussed. Serum triglyceride concentrations are usually performed for an objective assessment of intestinal fat absorption. The principal causes of inadequate absorption are mentioned. The changes in the concentrations of total serum protein, albumin, the various globulin fractions, fibrinogen and prothrombin are non-specific but are frequently valuable diagnostic aids. The physiological and pathological influences on these parameters are described. PMID- 7265106 TI - Bone abnormalities in the Cape Vulture (Gyps coprotheres). PMID- 7265107 TI - [Short communications on cases of eye, larynx, trachea and skin disease]. AB - A freefloating iris cyst in a dog, the congenitally attached apex of the epiglottis in a cat, spontaneous healing of Filaroides osleri in a dog and dermoid sinus in a Ridgeback crossbreed are discussed. PMID- 7265108 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a cat. PMID- 7265109 TI - A practitioner's perspective of the role of quantitative structure-activity analysis in medicinal chemistry. PMID- 7265110 TI - Computer-assisted structure-activity studies of chemical carcinogens. Aromatic amines. AB - Studies of molecular structure-carcinogenicity relations for a set of 157 aromatic amines are reported. A computer-assisted approach using pattern recognition methods was used to develop a series of discriminants for aromatic amino carcinogenic potential. The 157 compounds were divided into subsets according to tumor site, route of administration, and activity. Sets of calculated molecular structure descriptors were generated that could support linear discriminant functions able to separate sets of active carcinogens from inactive compounds. Prominent among the important structural descriptors were those coding sizes and shapes of the amines. The pattern-recognition results were not strongly affected by differences in active site, and the study showed that mixed data sets could be used in computer-assisted structure-carcinogenicity studies. PMID- 7265111 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships of colchicines against P388 leukemia in mice. AB - A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) was derived for colchicine and 14 analogues acting against P388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice. Twelve additional compounds were synthesized to reinforce and confirm the correlation. The final correlation indicates that there is a parabolic dependence of antitumor potency on the partition coefficient with log P0=1.17. When an amino nitrogen is present on the B ring, increased potency is favored by acylation of the nitrogen. The most potent compound of the series was the 7-fluoroacetamide analogue. Strong electron-withdrawing groups substituted at the 10 position of the tropolone ring destroy activity. Electron-releasing groups at position 10 improve potency slightly but have a limited effect. PMID- 7265112 TI - Biological effects of modified colchicines. Improved preparation of 2 demethylcolchicine, 3-demethylcolchicine, and (+)-colchicine and reassignment of the position of the double bond in dehydro-7-deacetamidocolchicines. AB - A variety of colchicine, demecolcine, and isocolchicine derivatives were examined for their potency in the lymphocytic leukemia P388 screen in mice, for their toxicity in mice, and for their binding to microtubule protein. A qualitatively direct correlation was found between in vivo potency and toxicity; potency appeared to be less well correlated with tubulin binding. The most potent compounds were N-acylated analogues of colchicine and demecolcine. Among the monophenols, only 3-demethylcolchicine showed an appreciable effect in vitro and in vivo and was less toxic than colchicine. Improved methods were found for the preparation of 3- and 2-demethylcolchicine, which involved the use of 85% phosphoric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, respectively. Decoupling experiments with 1H NMR proved that the double bond of dehydro-7 deacetamidocolchiceine and its derived tropolonic methyl ethers 24 and 25 was in the 5,6 position, rather than the 6,7 position formerly tentatively assigned. PMID- 7265113 TI - Mechanism of action of (2-haloethyl)nitrosoureas on DNA. Isolation and reactions of postulated 2-(alkylimino)-3-nitrosooxazolidine intermediates in the decomposition of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-, and 1 (2-chloroethyl)-3-(4'-trans-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea. AB - Three examples of the postulated but hitherto unisolated 2-(alkylimino)-3 nitrosooxazolidines (2) have been prepared containing cyclohexyl, trans-4 methylcyclohexyl, and 2-chloroethyl groups at the 2 position, respectively. These compounds correspond to intermediates previously postulated to be formed in the aqueous decomposition of the antitumor agents 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl- (CCNU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4'-trans-methylcyclohexyl)- (MeCCNU), and 1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), respectively, Compounds 2 decompose under physiological conditions to give a range of products similar to those formed from the corresponding (2-chloroethyl)nitrosoureas, including the hitherto unrecognized 2-hydroxyethl N-alkylcarbamates (9). Compounds 2a and 2b are converted with hydrochloric acid into CCNU and MeCCNU, respectively, suggesting that 2a and 2b may be reaction intermediates of decomposition. The corresponding 3-alkyl-1-nitroso-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)ureas (4) were characterized and, since they also decompose to give the same products as 2, may arise from the ring opening of 2. The intermediacy of compounds 4 can explain the formation of hydroxyethylated nucleosides isolated by other workers from the reaction of (2 chloroethyl)nitrosoureas on polynucleotides. PMID- 7265114 TI - Esters of isoguvacine as potential prodrugs. AB - The syntheses of the methyl ester, butyl ester, (ethoxycarbonyl)methyl ester, and 11 (acyloxy)methyl esters of the potent gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist isoguvacine (1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-4-carboxylic acid) and described. The chemical stability of the esters and their in vitro rates of hydrolysis under approximately physiological conditions by nonspecific esterases from human serum were examined. A selected number of the esters were tested for antagonism of convulsions induced by bicuculline, isoniazide, and by electroschock. While in the compounds showed only weak activities in the bicuculline and isoniazide tests, a good correlation between in vitro rates of enzymatic hydrolysis and the time of onset of the antagonism of the electroschock-induced convulsions could be found. PMID- 7265115 TI - Bioactivation of the antitumor drugs 9-hydroxyellipticine and derivatives by a peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide system. AB - Hydroxylation in position 9 (see Table I) of various antitumor drugs derived from ellipticine results, in most cases, in the possible further oxidation of the hydroxylated drugs into free radicals and quinone products in the presence of a peroxidase-H2O2 system. Except for the N6-methyl derivative, free radicals of hydroxyellipticines do not react with neighboring molecules. However, quinone products have been found to be strong electrophilic molecules. They can oxidize NADH into NAD+ through a nonenzymatic process, and, moreover, quinone from N2 methyl-9-hydroxyellipticine may undergo a nucleophilic attack, resulting in an irreversible binding of the drug to bovine serum albumin. Among the drugs tested, those which can be oxidized by peroxidase-H2O2 exhibit the most cytotoxic effect of L1210 cells in vitro. PMID- 7265116 TI - Studies on chiral interactions of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane and the corresponding N-hydroxy metabolites with cytochrome P-450. AB - The stereoselective pharmacological behavior and metabolism of the potent psychotomimetic amine 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane have led to an investigation of the interactions of the racemic amine, its enantiomers, and the corresponding N-hydroxy metabolites with rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P 450. An examination of the formation of cytochrome P-450 metabolic intermediate complexes with these species suggests that N-oxidation of the pharmacologically active (R)-amine in inhibited by the S enantiomer. Additionally, metabolic intermediate complex formation [favored by the (R)-amine] appears to be associated with loss of microsomal mixed function N-oxidase activity. The results have led to the prediction that N-hydroxylation of pure (R)-amine may be a qualitatively more important pathway than that observed with racemic amine even though this biotransformation may be suicidal. PMID- 7265117 TI - Puromycin analogues. Effect of aryl-substituted puromycin analogues on the ribosomal peptidyltransferase reaction. AB - A series of ortho- and para-substituted L-phenylalanylpuromycin analogues were synthesized and evaluated as substrates for the peptidyltransferase reaction of Escherichia coli ribosomes. Kinetic results reveal that substitution of the p methoxy group of the puromycin molecule alters the peptidyltransferase activity of the molecule with the following decreasing order of substrate efficiencies: p NH2 greater than p-NHCOCH3 greater than p-NO2 = p-NHCO(CH2)2CH3 greater than p NHCOCH2Br. However, the inability of the ribosome to tolerate a nitro group at the ortho position of the phenylalanine ring precluded the use of the photosensitive puromycin analogue, 2-nitro-4-azidophenylalanylpuromycin aminonucleoside (7a), as a photoaffinity label for the peptidyltransferase site. PMID- 7265118 TI - Fibrin Polymerization. 1. Alkylating peptide inhibitors of fibrin polymerization. AB - A series of analogues relating to the NH2-terminal region of the fibrin alpha chain, i.e., Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro, were prepared by stepwise solid-phase synthesis, and their abilities to inhibit fibrin polymerization and to prolong thrombin initiated clotting time were evaluated. Among the analogues systematically modified at different positions, replacement of the NH2-terminal three residues of Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro by either chlorambucil, p-nitrophenyl-L-alanine, or p aminophenyl-L-alanine gave inactive compounds in the thrombin time assay, whereas similar substitution or extension of the COOH terminus produced the highly active analogues Gly-Pro-Arg-Phe(4-NH2), 22%; Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Phe(4-NO2), and Gly-Pro Arg-Pro-Phe(4-NH2), 105%; relative to Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro = 100% in the fibrin polymerization inhibitory assay. As potential photoaffinity labeling probes, analogues containing a nitrophenylalanine residue in position 4 or 5 underwent photolysis under the experimental photoactivation conditions. As a potential alkylating probe, Chl-Pro-Arg-Pro was selectively effective in inhibiting thrombin amidolysis and fibrin polymerization. In the latter assay, Chl-Pro-Arg Pro was approximately 20 times more potent than Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro in inhibiting fibrin aggregation. PMID- 7265119 TI - Imine analogues of tricyclic antidepressants. AB - Analogues of tricyclic antidepressants were synthesized in which the alpha-carbon of the side chain was replaced by nitrogen. The antidepressant activity of these imines, as measured by the reversal of the effects of tetrabenazine in mice, showed a structure-activity relationship similar to that of the carbon analogues. The most active imine (19) was six times as potent as amitriptyline. Some of the compounds differed from amitriptyline in that they produced stimulation in mice. PMID- 7265121 TI - Cognition-activating properties of 3-(Aryloxy)pyridines. AB - A series of 3-(aryloxy)pyridines was found to possess activity in enhancing retention for passive avoidance learning in mice. This test was used to select compounds with potential therapeutic properties for the treatment of cognitive disorders. Reference drugs that gave positive results in this procedure included d-amphetamine, magnesium pemoline, methyl phenidate, picrotoxin, phenytoin, and ethosuximide. All active compounds gave inverted U-shaped dose-response curves. The most active compounds of the 3-(aryloxy)pyridines included 3-phenoxypyridine (1), 3-(2-fluorophenoxy)pyridine (2), 3-(4-fluorophenoxy)pyridine (4), 3,3' oxybis(pyridine) (23), and 3,3'-oxybis(pyridine) 1-oxide (24). 3-Phenoxypyridine (1) was clearly superior to all of the analogues tested in terms of the level of retention, grammometric potency, and the breadth of its inverted U-shaped dose response curve. It was given the designation of CI-844 and after a detailed study of its pharmacological profile was submitted for preclinical toxicology. PMID- 7265120 TI - 4-aryl-4-aminocyclohexanones and their derivatives, a novel class of analgesics. 3. m-Hydroxyphenyl derivates. AB - Derivatives of 4-aryl-4-(dimethylamino)cyclohexan-1-ones substituted by m-hydroxy groups were obtained by using as a key reaction the displacement of cyanide from the alpha-aminonitrile of 1,4-cyclohexanedione ketal, with the THP ether of m hydroxyphenylmagnesium bromide. A number of the products show narcotic antagonist activity. Amino alcohols obtained on reaction of the free ketones with phenethyl Grignard reagents are potent analgetics, though devoid of antagonist activity. Systematic variation of the substituent on nitrogen revealed nonclassical structure-activity relationships; the dimethylamino group gives the most potent antagonist. PMID- 7265122 TI - Nucleosides containing chemically reactive groups. AB - 5'-Amino-5'-deoxyinosine (1) and 1-(6-amino-2,5,6-trideoxy-beta-D-erythro hexofuranosyl)thymine (9) were prepared and substituted on the amino group with chemically reactive functions in an effort to find inhibitors of enzymes that metabolize the corresponding nucleotides. The resulting 5'-substituted methynitrosoureas 3, 11a, and 11b, bromoacetamides 4 and 13, phenyl carbamates 5 and 14, and 4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzamides 6 and 15 were tested for cytotoxicity to H.Ep-2 cells in culture and as inhibitors of incorporation of precursors into nucleic acids of L1210 cells. The inosine derivatives were also evaluated as inhibitors of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase. Compounds 4, 6 and 13 showed moderate inhibition of formation of nucleic acids, and compound 4 demonstrated significant cytotoxicity (ED50 less than 5 microgram/mL). PMID- 7265123 TI - Synthesis of peptides by the solid-phase method. 6. Neurotensin, fragments, and analogues. AB - Neurotensin (NT) and 24 related compounds, including fragments or analogues modified at the C-terminal end of the parent molecule, have been prepared by the solid-phase method. After purification by cation-exchange chromatography, the compounds were characterized by thin-layer chromatography, amino acid analysis, elemental analysis, and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The stimulating effects of the peptides were evaluated in rat stomach strips, in isolated spontaneously beating atria of guinea pigs, and in the coronaries of perfused rat hearts. The differences between the biological activities of these compounds are discussed. PMID- 7265124 TI - Cyclic guanidines. 14. Imidazo[1,2-a]thienopyrimidin-2-one derivatives as blood platelet aggregation inhibitors. AB - A series of novel 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]thieno[2,3-d]-, -[3,2,-d]-, and -[3,4-d]pyrimidin-2-one derivatives has been prepared and tested for the activity of inhibiting platelet aggregation in rats in vitro and ex vivo. These compounds were synthesized through the following reactions: sodium borohydride reduction of 2,4-dichlorothienopyrimidines, followed by ethoxycarbonylmethylation and successive amination. Most of the compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of blood and platelet aggregation. Structure-activity relationships have indicated the essential contribution of the lactam structure and lipophilic substituents on the thiophene ring to the effective interaction of the compounds with a receptor site on the platelet. Among the compounds studied, 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9-octahydro [1]benzothieno[2,3-d]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-one (9m) exhibited the most favorable activity. PMID- 7265125 TI - Antihypertensive activity of 6-arylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine derivatives. AB - A series of 51 6-arylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine derivatives was prepared and evaluated for antihypertensive activity in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat. A number of these compounds, notably 6-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2 methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine (36), lowered blood pressure in these rats in a gradual and sustained manner to normotensive levels at oral doses of 10-50 mg/kg. Normalized blood pressure levels could then be maintained by single daily oral doses. The effect of structural variation in the 6-aryl group and in the 2 and 4 positions of the pyridopyrimidine ring on activity is reported and discussed. PMID- 7265126 TI - Synthesis and biological evaluation of certain 2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribo- and -beta-D arabinofuranosyl nucleosides of purine-6-carboxamide and 4,8-diaminopyrimido[5,4 d]pyrimidine. AB - The key intermediate 9-(2,3,5,-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)purine-6 carbonitrile (7) was synthesized in four steps from 9-beta-D arabinofuranosylpurine-6-thione (3) via 6-(methylsulfonyl)-9-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)purine (6). Reaction of compound 7 with methanolic ammonia provided the rearranged compound 4-amino-8-(beta-D arabinofuranosylamino)pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine (8). Treatment of 7 with ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide provided 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylpurine-6 carboxamide (9). Compound 7 was also treated with sodium hydrosulfide to yield 9 beta-D-arabinofuranosylpurine-6-thiocarboxamide (10). Similarly, 9-(2-deoxy-3,5 di-O-acetyl-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)purine 6-carbonitrile (17) was prepared from 6-chloro-9-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofluranosyl)purine (11) via 9-(2 deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)purine-6-thione. Compound 17 was converted into 4-amino-8-[(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)amino]pyrimido[5,4 d]pyrimidi ne (18) and 9-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)purine-6 carboxamide (20), respectively. Compound 2 showed immunosuppressive activity and also inhibited the growth of L-1210 leukemia in mice. Arabinonucleoside analogues 8-10 were inactive when tested against RNA and DNA viruses in cell culture. PMID- 7265127 TI - Promotion of carbohydrate oxidation in the heart by some phenylglyoxylic acids. AB - A series of phenylglyoxylic acids is described, many of which are able to promote carbohydrate oxidation in muscle tissue, thereby favorably altering the carbohydrate/fatty acid balance in situations where fatty acid utilization is elevated. Such situations are reported to occur in ischemic heart disease, particularly following myocardial infection. In an attempt to effectively deliver the phenylglyoxylic acids to the site of action within the cell, the L-(+) phenylglycines were employed as prodrugs. These are known to be transaminated to phenylglyoxylic acids. L-(+)-2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)glycine (25, oxfenicine) has been selected for clinical evaluation. PMID- 7265128 TI - 4-amino-4-arylcyclohexanones and their derivatives: a novel class of analgesics. 2. Modification of the carbonyl function. AB - The effect on potency of modification of the carbonyl function of analgesics derived from 4-(dimethylamino)-4-arylcyclohexan-1-one was studied by reduction and by addition of nucleophiles. The resulting amino alcohols were separated and assigned structures on the basis of X-ray crystallography, NMR, and TLC mobility. The trans (OH and N) isomers were invariably more potent than the cis. Inclusion of flat lipophilic moieties (phenyl, cyclohexenyl) at a distance of at least two carbon atoms from the carbon bearing hydroxyl led to increases in potency by orders of magnitude. The possible significance of this on receptor interaction is discussed. PMID- 7265129 TI - Dihydrochalcone sweeteners. A study of the atypical temporal phenomena. AB - Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDHC), known since 1963 as an intensely sweet compound, is determined to be 340 +/- 60 (p less than 0.05) times more potent than sucrose. The unusual temporal properties of this material are hypothesized as being due to the effects of metabolism, conformation, chelation, or hydrophobicity. Forty-four analogues are synthesized to test the four hypotheses, none of which are strongly supported. A method of quantitation of temporal characteristics of tastant molecules is developed so as to allow comparison of taste appearance time (AT) and extinction time (ET) of experimental compounds. Four of the new compounds, 40 and 43-45, exhibit high sweetness potencies, ranging from 280 and 440 times sucrose, and may be useful in selected food systems. The temporal taste characteristics remain unimproved over NHDHC, however. PMID- 7265130 TI - Monophenolic 2-(dipropylamino)indans and related compounds: central dopamine receptor stimulating activity. AB - Monophenolic (2-(dipropylamino)indans and related compounds have been synthesized and tested for central dopamine-receptor stimulating activity, using biochemical and behavioral tests in rats and emesis tests in dogs. The active compounds possess similar relative potencies in eliciting the three different dopamine receptor mediated effects measured. 4-Hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)indan was the most potent of the new compounds. The corresponding 5-hydroxy analogue was less active. 4-Hydroxy-2-[(dipropylamino)methyl]indan is a new type of dopaminergic agent with a phenylpropylamine moiety in its framework instead of the phenylethylamine structure, common to most dopamine-receptor agonists. This compound was 10-20 times less active than apomorphine. 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-1 hydroxy-N,N-dipropyl-5H-6-benzocycloheptenylamine and 5-hydroxy-2 [(dipropylamino)methyl]tetralin were both inactive. Since the intramolecular distances between functional groups in the indans studied here are different from those in, for example, apomorphine, it is concluded that a certain variation of these distances can be accepted by the receptor. It could also be demonstrated that the position of the OH group on the aromatic ring is of importance for the activity and that emetic activity may be associated with dopaminergic agonists of the indan as well as of the tetralin type of structure. PMID- 7265131 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-1,6-methano-2 benzazocines. AB - 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexahydro-1,6-methano-2-benzazocine, 2'-methoxy-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro 1,6-methano-2-benzazocine, and N-alkyl derivatives of 2'-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,5,6 hexahydro-1,6-methano-2-benzazocine have been synthesized in order to evaluate their analgesic activities. These compounds show only slight antinociceptive activities in the mouse hot-plate assay. PMID- 7265132 TI - Some reactions of 1,4-dihydropyridines with organic azides. Synthesis of 2,7 diazabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-enes with analgesic and antiprotozoal activity. AB - The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 1,4-dihydropyridines, 2, with organic azides, 3, afford 2,7-diazabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-enes, 4, which exhibit significant analgesic and antiprotozoal activities. The most active analgesics, 4a and 4c, were more potent than aspirin or dextropropoxyphene. Diazabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-enes 4a-e exert potent antiprotozoal activity, inhibiting growth of Trichomonas vaginalis at concentrations of less than 10 micrograms/mL of medium. The broad spectrum pharmacological screen also revealed moderate hypoglycemic (4a), antiinflammatory (4c), antidepressant (4d and 4e) and antihistaminic (4f) activities. PMID- 7265134 TI - Epizootiology of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in upstate New York, USA. III. Population dynamics and vector potential of adult Culiseta morsitans (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 7265135 TI - Dispersal behavior and vector potential of Aedes cantator (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern Maryland. PMID- 7265133 TI - Potential anticonvulsants. 1. 5-Benzylhydantoins. AB - A selected group of alkoxy- and halogen-substituted 5-benzylidino- and 5 benzylhydantoins was prepared and screened for anticonvulsant activity as measured by the ability of the compound to prevent maximal electroshock and metrazol-induced threshold clonic seizures in rats. The structure-activity studies revealed 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]hydantoin (14) to be the most potent member of the series. PMID- 7265136 TI - Success of tick feeding on calves immunized with Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) extract. PMID- 7265137 TI - Do bot flies, Cuterebra (Diptera: Cuterebridae), emasculate their hosts? PMID- 7265138 TI - Ingestion of rabbit erythrocytes containing 51Cr-labeled hemoglobin by Psoroptes spp. (Acari: Psoroptidae) that originated on cattle, mountain sheep, or rabbits. PMID- 7265139 TI - Feeding of Psoroptes ovis (Acari: Psoroptidae) on cattle. PMID- 7265140 TI - A zero-base approach to medical school planning and budgeting. AB - The University of Michigan Medical School has concluded that the traditional budgeting process used by it and other academic institutions fails to discriminate adequately among programs, particularly in times of level or declining resources, and that this failure could result in mediocrity. As a result, the school decided to develop a new system for managing resources and chose to explore an approach that utilizes the principles of zero-base budgeting. An important reason for selecting this technique was its requirement that managers plan, evaluate, and set priorities for all programs, existing as well as new. After a feasibility study that produced encouraging results, a test implementation of the newly developed system was carried out in all six of the school's basic science departments and in two clinical departments. While some difficulties were encountered, including those normally associated with the introduction of a new and complex system, the results of the test implementation were encouraging, and the process is undergoing further development to broaden its application in the clinical departments. PMID- 7265141 TI - Medical technology and academic medicine: the doctor-producers' dilemma. AB - Diagnostic technologies differ from therapeutic technologies in several ways. Use of a diagnostic technologies is increasing faster than overall medical care. New diagnostic technologies tend to be additive and often have multiple uses. In evaluating their benefits, one should assess marginal, not absolute, utilities and measure clinical as well as financial costs. Although the use of therapeutic technologies is more circumscribed, these technologies tend to be in continuous evolution, especially when new. Comparative evaluations of therapeutic technologies are expensive and time-consuming. Pro-technology reimbursement biases may be the most important of the many factors promoting technology use. Academic medical centers, which have become increasingly clinically specialized, must now compete with their own graduates for specialty patients. At the same time they are urged to respond to contradictory national health policies that favor production of more generalists under a pro-specialty reimbursement system. Suggestions for more appropriate technology use should cover multiple approaches, including the changing of current financial incentives and the use of technology assessment to improve quality of care and education. PMID- 7265142 TI - An administrative medicine program for clinician-executives. AB - An educational curriculum for clinician-executives has been developed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. A comprehensive range of subjects is offered on flexible schedules, including weekends, to accommodate practicing health professionals. Courses may be taken for graduate credit leading to a master's degree in preventive medicine/administrative medicine or for continuing medical education credit. Course projects relate to problems or issues relevant to the student's work environment. The core curriculum includes: current health systems; health care management, planning, and evaluation; information sciences; values; and clinical preventive medicine. Degree requirements may be met in one full-time calendar year or over a several-year part-time period. This curriculum has demonstrated the need for and value off programs directed toward strengthening the executive skills and roles of clinicians. PMID- 7265143 TI - Affective learning in medical education. AB - The purpose of this study was to test a theory of affective learning and to develop a data-gathering instrument for evaluation of affective learning. Two primary areas of affective learning were conceptualized for study: coping with feelings about professional knowledge and coping with feelings about the necessity for development of professional attitudes toward illness and disability and toward death and dying. This two-year study project (1977-1979) involved a total of 70 first-year medical students. Data were obtained by means of observing students in small group discussions. The observation instrument consisted of a checklist of behaviors. Observer reliability was tested. Study results suggested that students progress through phases of affective learning as described in the theory. Implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 7265144 TI - Prediction of clinical performance: the role of prior experience. AB - The relationship of life experience prior to the admission to medical school to clinical performance was studied. Age, prior military experience, and educational background were found to be related to clinical performance. Students with recent military experience, former military officers, and those with a science background were found to perform in a way superior to younger and older students, non-officers, and nonscience majors, respectively. While the current study was performed in Israel and under a community-oriented curriculum, its findings tend to support those of research in the United States and were seen as enhancing the understanding of the role of nonintellectual factors in the selection of medical students. The presence of an interest/motivational factor was presented and discussed. PMID- 7265145 TI - Interpersonal skills training: comprehensive approach versus brief instruction. PMID- 7265146 TI - Oral examination: a model for its use within a clinical clerkship. PMID- 7265147 TI - Teaching behavioral sciences in medical education: a 10-year progress report. PMID- 7265148 TI - Student attitudes toward a medical school honor code. PMID- 7265149 TI - A teaching eye model for ophthalmoscopy. PMID- 7265151 TI - Learning disorders. PMID- 7265150 TI - Stress faced by residents. PMID- 7265152 TI - Teaching biochemistry. PMID- 7265153 TI - Continuing education of health professionals: proposal for a definition of quality. AB - The present reality of continuing education of health professionals is briefly reviewed: what it can and cannot do and how it differs from preparatory professional education. It is hoped that the application of educational theory and the analysis of the successes and failures of continuing education of the past will result in continuing education being an effective bridge between academia and practice. From a study of educational theory, of adult learning, of management, and of past experience, a model was developed. The model describes quality continuing education and encourages the health professional to assume personal responsibility for learning. The listed elements of quality can be used to introduce a measure of quality to the planning and implementation of continuing education activities. Agencies responsible for the quality of continuing education activities can use the elements to assess activities, products, and services. PMID- 7265154 TI - Force and pressure recordings from patients with femoral fractures treated by cast-brace application. AB - Five patients with midshaft femoral fractures treated by early cast-brace application and ambulation were studied. With the patients in lying and standing postures, force transmitted through the knee hinges, ground reaction and pressure under the thigh cast were measured each week. When standing on the injured limb, the maximum load tolerated increased as the fractures healed and ranged from 39 61% body weight and 97-100% body weight at weeks two and eight respectively. In this posture in three cases, force transmitted across the knee hinges did not exceed 35% body weight or alter significantly throughout healing, the other two reached maxima of 67 and 60% body weight at week five and values decreased to less than 50% at week ten. By week six, each patient was transmitting significant force across the fracture (31, 12, 7, 36 & 55% body weight). Vertical force on the thigh cast due to rigid soft tissue containment was calculated to be between 3.6 and 10.8 X 9.8 Newtons throughout healing in all cases. Force transmitted through the knee hinges and pressure under the thigh cast, increased linearly as the injured limb was loaded. PMID- 7265155 TI - Information handling in the hospital: a flexible mini computer approach. PMID- 7265156 TI - Requirements of microprocessor development systems. PMID- 7265157 TI - Spectral analysis in clinical electro-encephalography. AB - In the past two years the above computerisations have been applied as a routine in over 2500 EEG recordings in our department. From the experience gained with this type of registration, processing and presentation of the EEG signals it appears that the scope of electro-encephalographic examination has been considerably extended. This is evident from the following examples 1. Communication between EEG specialists and non-EEG specialists over electro encephalographic examination is improved considerably by means of this way of data reduction and topographical presentation. 2. As far as the discriminating power is concerned, it appears that, for example, small differences in frequency of cerebral activities in for example slight unilateral or local disorders of the circulation in the brain can be indicated by the computer analysis, even if it is invisible to the naked eye [10]. 3. Further statistical analysis of various parameters has become possible by distinguishing between normal and abnormal importance in distinguishing between normal and abnormal EEG's of one and the same patient, the difference can be indicated both objectively and quantitatively. 4. By means of electrical filing of EEG signals simultaneous with the usual paper filing, there is the possibility of applying newly developed statistical and mathematical computer programs to the stored EEG data of patients whose brain disorders have been definitively diagnosed. PMID- 7265158 TI - Some scientific and technical aspects of medical ultrasonics. AB - The development of diagnostic applications of ultrasound has tended to follow the evolution of electric technology, and while this development as resulted in benefit to the patient, the relatively unsophisticated scientific ideas have been adequate. The present paper reviews briefly some elements of the development of diagnostic imaging relation to their scientific bases. The discussion is particularly concerned with the popular grey-scale pulse-echo systems and the philosophy behind future developments that may lead to successful pursuance of tissue differentiation, and the optimisation of instrumentation. Of necessity, the discussion touches the more fundamental areas of measurement of the ultrasonic parameters of tissues, the development of tissue models, the measurement of transducer field characteristics, the studies in visual perception; and is briefly linked to biological effects and therapy. PMID- 7265159 TI - A right ventricular cardiac assist device. AB - A good method of assisting the right ventricle of the heart has, up to the present, not been available. This paper presents a new approach to assisting the right ventricle of the heart which can be utilised independently or during cardiac surgery. Through implementation of this approach, and timed inflation and deflation of several types of balloon catheters in the pulmonary artery, distal pulmonary arterial flow is augmented with subsequent unloading of the right side of the heart. This approach, hopefully, will be of benefit in the treatment of atherosclerotic and congenital heart disease as well as in many cases of pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7265160 TI - Independence for adult paraplegics in swivel walkers. PMID- 7265162 TI - Simple manual-to-electric conversions for wheelchairs. PMID- 7265161 TI - A system for producing particles of controlled size from a nebuliser. PMID- 7265163 TI - Quantitative studies of the flora of the nasal vestibule in relation to nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora and yeast flora of the nasal vestibule were studied quantitatively in eight persons who were persistent, transient or non carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. The nasal flora of all the subjects consisted of lipophilic and non-lipophilic aerobic diphtheroids, propionibacteria and different staphylococcal species. Other micro-organisms, such as Pityrosporum and Candida, micrococci, streptococci and coliforms were found only occasionally. The presence of S. aureus was related to diminished numbers of other staphylococcal strains and of propionibacteria. PMID- 7265164 TI - The role of trace elements and phosphates in the synthesis of vascular permeability factor by Vibrio cholerae. AB - Trace element and phosphate requirements for the synthesis of vascular permeability factor (PF) by Vibrio cholerae strains B1307 and VC12 were investigated. While magnesium appeared to be indispensable for strain VC12, small amounts of PF were synthesised by strain B1307 in the presence of iron, zinc and manganese. However, even in the latter strain, maximum synthesis was recorded only in magnesium-containing media. Phosphates in the range 0.75-6.00mM controlled the synthesis of PF by both strains. PMID- 7265165 TI - Antagonism within populations of micro-organisms from normal human skin. AB - The skin flora of 20 normal subjects was sampled from 7-cm2 sites on the volar forearm, forehead and ball of the foot. Interactions between all aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from the same site were examined by a deferred antagonism technique. Seventeen subjects possessed inhibitory strains on at least one skin site. Of the Micrococcaceae tested, 20.6% were inhibitory. Of the aerobic diphtheroids, more strains were sensitive (19.2%) than inhibitory (5.1%). Inhibitory Micrococcaceae and aerobic diphtheroids revealed intergeneric and intrageneric inhibition. Antagonistic propionibacteria were found (7.4%) but no sensitive strains. Several Micrococcaceae were specifically antagonistic towards only one strain isolated from the same skin site; no sensitive strains from other skin sites or other subjects were found. Quantitative sampling showed that only 17.5% of the inhibitory strains clearly dominated their skin sites numerically. PMID- 7265166 TI - Characterisation of an epidemic strain of Klebsiella and its variants by computer analysis. AB - An outbreak of hospital-acquired klebsiella infection was investigated by means of six different typing schemes. Interpretation of the information generated by these schemes proved difficult and allowed only tentative conclusions to be reached concerning the origin of some strains. Consequently, the results were subjected to computer analysis by means of a numerical taxonomic programme adapted for the purpose. A dendrogram was constructed giving the percentage similarity between strains. It established the source of four atypical strains and showed that three of them were derived from the original clone. This form of numerical epidemiological analysis could have useful applications in the investigation of hospital-acquired infection. PMID- 7265167 TI - Prevalence of epidermolytic toxin in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - One hundred and sixteen strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from exfoliative skin lesions were screened for their ability to produce different serotypes of epidermolytic toxin (ET). Toxin production was assessed by immunodiffusion, analytical isoelectric focussing and examination for the Nikolsky sign in mice. Of 84 strains of phage group II, 72 (85.7%) were toxinogenic as were 10 of 32 (31.3%) non-group-II strains. The ability to produce ET serotypes A and B was not confined to a particular phage group. PMID- 7265168 TI - An intracellular structure in Bacteroides fragilis. AB - An unusual intracellular circular or oval structure was discovered during a morphological study of Bacteroides fragilis by electronmicroscopy. The structure is complex, composed of multiple concentric layers surrounding a central region. The dimensions and profile are consistent in all the sections observed. The sections illustrated may represent various stages in the morphogenesis of the complete structure. PMID- 7265169 TI - Lipolytic activity of some dermatophytes. II. Isolation and characterisation of the lipase of Epidermophyton floccosum. AB - The physicochemical properties, stability and localisation of lipase from the anthropophilic dermatophyte Epidermophyton floccosum have been investigated. The lipase was best secreted by older cultures at an optimum pH of 6.5-7 in the temperature range 40-45 degrees C. Neither the skin-surface lipids nor the body temperature of man significantly affected the activity of the lipase. PMID- 7265170 TI - Human dialysable leucocyte extracts (transfer factor) in interstitial pneumonia. A retrospective trial in immunodeficient patients. AB - Thirty-six cases of interstitial pneumonia in acquired immunodeficient states were treated with transfer factor (Dialysable Leukocyte Extract) and studied retrospectively. The criteria of efficacity of this treatment were: rapidity of immediate improvement, improvement after failure of other immunostimulant therapy and demonstration of a dose-related effect. The mechanism of the therapeutic action is unclear. There is no evidence in favour of "transfer" of cell mediated immunity. A non-specific mode of action (adjuvant effect, interferon synergy, proinflammatory action) seems much more likely. PMID- 7265171 TI - Isoelectric focusing and immunofixation of cerebrospinal fluid and serum in multiple sclerosis. AB - CSF from 40 MS patients and 30 individuals with other neurologic diseases were analyzed using isoelectric focusing (IEF) in polyacrylamide gel method. The IgG bands were identified by immunofixation using specific goat anti-human IgG serum. CSF from 28 of 40 MS patients (95%) showed 10-15 distinct oligoclonal bands with different isoelectric points and varying intensities. In contrast, CSF from patients with other neurologic diseases showed a number of diffuse IgG bands in IEF after immunofixation. CSF from 30 of 40 MS patients (75%) showed 1-4 oligoclonal IgG bands in agarose gel electrophoresis (PANAGEL), however, the resolution of bands was generally poor. When 34 coded CSF specimens were analyzed in the IEF and immunofixation procedures, 15 of 17 MS patients (88%) showed distinct oligoclonal IgG bands. Thus, IEF in combination with immunofixation is a superior method for detecting oligoclonal bands in CSF and provides a more valuable tool for the diagnosis of MS. The results also showed that a number of distinct individual oligoclonal IgG bands of MS CSF were of either kappa-type or lambda-type, suggesting that these bands are monoclonal. IgG isolated from 12 of 17 MS sera (70%) showed oligoclonal bands in IEF partly similar to those seen in CSF in the pH region 8.5-9.3; whereas, those from other neurologic diseases showed diffuse bands. PMID- 7265172 TI - Serum and cerebrospinal fluid C2 in multiple sclerosis. AB - C2 hemolytic activity was quantitated in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of 46 MS patients studied twice at a 1-year interval. whereas serum C2 levels were found within the normal range, CSF C2 values were decreased (55 and 59% of normal) in patients with severe active disease. In contrast CSF C2 levels were normal in patients with stable or recently improved condition. CSF C2 fluctuations in individuals were found to closely parallel changes in the clinical course. PMID- 7265173 TI - In vitro induction of human cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against herpes simplex virus-infected cells. Kinetics in normal donors and patients with recurrent herpes labialis. AB - In order to analyse cellular cytotoxic mechanisms involved in herpes virus infections, human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBML) were incubated (sensitized) for up to 7 days with uninfected or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1)-infected cells. The sensitized PBML were then tested in a 5-hr 51Cr-release microassay against uninfected, HSV-1-infected, or cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected target cells. PBML from normal donors, sensitized with HSV-1 infected cells, exhibited strong cytotoxicity against these same cells, but not against CMV infected target cells. Peak cytotoxic activity was found after 6 days of sensitization. In contrast, PBML from herpes patients showed an earlier (3 days) and a higher cytotoxic response than normal PBML. In both groups however, maximal stimulation of lymphocyte transformation was observed at 6 days, suggesting that the early cytotoxic response in herpes patients could be an in vitro correlate of an anamnestic, or secondary response. PMID- 7265174 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to HBcAg and HBsAg in patients with chronic hepatitis. AB - The leukocyte adherence technique (LAT) has been utilized to assess cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to HBcAg and HBsAg in patients with chronic (CH) and acute viral (AVH) hepatitis. All patients with AVH type B and 91.6% of patients with HBV related CH displayed reactivity to both HBcAg and HBsAg, whereas healthy controls and patients with liver disease not related to HBV failed to show reactivity to these antigens. Four of 6 laboratory workers who had been exposed to HBsAg and had no signs of hepatitis and 2 of 17 patients with CH unrelated to HBV who received multiple transfusions exhibited reactivity to HBsAg, while reactivity to HBcAg was seen only in 2 laboratory workers and in 1 patient with CH unrelated to HBV. These results suggest that according to the LAT, reactivity to HBcAg is present in patients with AVH and CH and may be related to the etiology of the disease, whereas reactivity to HBsAg alone indicates previous exposure to HBV. PMID- 7265175 TI - Immunity and leg ulcers in homozygous sickle cell disease. AB - Probably because of an abnormality of the alternative pathway of complement activation, acute bacterial infections are common in patients with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease. To find out whether defective immunity might also predispose to chronic bacterial infection, SS patients with indolent ulcers of the legs were studied. When compared with SS individuals who had never had ulcers the differences of serum immunoglobulin and complement component concentration were similar to those found in a comparison of ulcer patients with normal (AA) haemoglobin genotype and AA controls. Both ulcer groups had higher than normal prevalences of serum cryoprecipitates and anticomplementary activity. However, the latter was found less commonly in SS patients than AA patients, suggesting that SS patients form immune complexes which lack the ability to fix complement. They may therefore have a defect of immune elimination which could predispose to chronicity of infection even in the presence of an adequate antibody response. PMID- 7265176 TI - Plasma haemoglobin and complement activation in sickle cell disease. AB - The role of haemolysis in producing deficient complement function in homozygous sickle cell disease was studied by measuring indices of complement activation and of haemolysis in 30 asymptomatic patients. Plasma concentration of C3d (an index of increased C3 turnover) was elevated in 40% of patients, and modest decreases in serum concentration of C3 and functionally (haemolytically) active factor B were found. There was a positive correlation between C3d and plasma haemoglobin concentration (r = 0.56, p less than 0.005). Reticulocyte count and foetal haemoglobin concentration also contributed to variation in C3d, though to a lesser extent than plasma haemoglobin. Intravascular haemolysis in sickle cell disease may produce activation of complement and thus cause partial depletion of functional factor B and C3. This may reduce the immune function of the alternative pathway. PMID- 7265178 TI - Identification of auto-antigens of the human sperm membrane. AB - Glycoproteins of human sperm membranes were labelled by a galactose oxidase tritiated-sodium borohydride technique and detergent solubilized. A glycoprotein enriched-fraction was obtained by lectin affinity chromatography. Subsequently, antigens in this fraction were isolated from the glycoprotein mixture by indirect immunoprecipitation and analysed in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With some human sera with sperm agglutinating and immobilizing auto-antibodies at least three polypeptide chains were isolated, one with a molecular weight of about 41,000 and two with molecular weights of about 77,000. Other sera with equally strong agglutination and immobilization did not reveal any peaks in SDS gel electrophoresis. Absorption studies using sequential indirect immunoprecipitation showed that the former group of sera independently of their mode of agglutination reacted with the same antigen(s). PMID- 7265177 TI - Analysis of auto-antigens in the human sperm membrane by a F(ab')2 blocking system. AB - F(ab')2 preparations from human sperm-agglutinating and -immobilizing sera react with the sperm-membrane antigens without exerting immobilizing activity. Therefore, human spermatozoa, treated with such F(ab')2 fragments--and consequently with certain antigens blocked by the fragments--could be used in immobilization experiments with sperm-immobilizing sera. If a serum revealed a significantly reduced immobilizing activity on such F(ab')2-covered spermatozoa, compared with the effect on spermatozoa treated with F(ab')2 fragments from normal human serum, this was taken as evidence that the F(ab')2 fragments and the serum antibodies were directed against the same antigen or closely associated antigenic determinants. By cross-testing a panel of sera against the corresponding F(ab')2 preparations two main patterns of reactivity were observed indicating that at least two different auto- and iso-antigens (antigenic determinants) can be involved in sperm immobilization. Rather unexpectedly the reactivities in the F(ab')2-blocking system were not related to the different modes of agglutination observed with the sera (head-to-head, tail-to-tail or mixed agglutination). PMID- 7265179 TI - Further studies on C9 deficiency. AB - Further studies were carried out on the C9 deficiency (C9D). Her serum complement activity (CH50) was 15.7 units when assayed in high ionic strength buffer and 8.8 or less than 5.0 units when assayed in low ionic strength buffer containing glucose or sucrose, respectively. It was revealed that this buffer-dependent CH50 variation of C9D serum was due to the effect of the buffer on the spontaneous lysis of EAC1-8. The serum bactericidal activity of C9D was low, but the addition of specific antibody against bacteria increased the activity indicating an important role of antibody in the serum bactericidal activity. Neither C9 inactivator(s) nor antibody against C9 was detected in the serum, indicating that the case had a defect of C9 synthesis. However, the estimation of C9 levels in the sera of her family could not reveal the mode of inheritance of C9D. PMID- 7265180 TI - Lymphocyte cultures with small numbers of cells: antigenic stimulation by histoplasmin. AB - Previous experiments from this laboratory have shown that small numbers of lymphocytes could be stimulated by phytohemagglutinin to transform. Experiments in 15 subjects sensitized to histoplasmin demonstrated that antigenic stimulation with histoplasmin could be achieved with as few as 12.5 X 10(3) lymphocytes per 0.1 ml culture, (2,521 +/- 1.260) compared to unstimulated cultures (250 +/- 41), p less than 0.01, although false negative values (less than three fold increase in radionucleotide incorporation over unstimulated cultures) were obtained in 6 of 15 cases. Fourteen of 15 positive responders were correctly identified by culturing 25 X 10 (3) cells with histoplasmin for six days. The cell numbers required to give a blastogenic response with histoplasmin can be reduced to 25 X 10(3) cells in situations where cell availability is limited. PMID- 7265181 TI - Evidence for a two-state mobile carrier mechanism in erythrocyte choline transport: effects of substrate analogs on inactivation of the carrier by N ethylmaleimide. AB - Choline transport in erythrocytes is irreversibly inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. The hypothesis that the carrier alternates between outward-facing and inward facing forms and that only the latter reacts with the inhibitor (Martin, K. (1971) J. Physiol. (London) 213:647--667; Edwards, P.A. (1973) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 311:123--140) is here subjected to a quantitative test. In this test the effects of a series of substrate analogs upon rates of inactivation and rates of choline exit are compared. By hypothesis the effect of an analog in the external solution on the inactivation rate depends only on how it affects the proportion of the inward-facing carrier. Since 14C-choline efflux is necessarily proportional to the concentration of free carrier in the inward-facing form, the analogs should have related effects on the two rates. In every case the observed effects were identical, whether the analogs accelerated transport or inhibited it. Analysis of the results demonstrates that (1) the transport mechanism depends on the operation of a mobile element; (2) distinguishable inward-facing and outward-facing conformations of the free carrier, carrier-substrate complex, and carrier-inhibitor complex exist, and only the inward-facing forms react at a significant rate with N-ethylmaleimide; (3) carrier mechanisms involving a single form of free carrier or a single form of carrier-substrate complex are ruled out; and (4) dissociation of the carrier-substrate complex is a rapid step with all substrate analogs. PMID- 7265182 TI - The prevalence of peptic ulcer in an institution for the mentally retarded. AB - Peptic ulcer was studied at a California institution for the mentally retarded. Of the 1,700 residents at risk, ninety-one were to have X-ray or endoscopy evidence of peptic ulcers, a prevalence rate of 5.4 percent. Ulcer prevalence in the duodenum was more than twice that in the stomach and oesophagus. All oesophageal, gastric, and duodenal erosions or ulcer craters, acute or chronic, were considered. The more severely retarded patients showed a higher ulcer prevalence than those less retarded, and males demonstrate higher rates than females. The presence of medical and neurological disabilities, including limitations of vision and communication, was positively associated with ulcer development. The results indicate a need for further study on aetiology of peptic ulcers in the retarded. PMID- 7265183 TI - Problem solving in pre-operational youngsters. PMID- 7265184 TI - Mental handicap in the country of Cornwall: prevalence and th use of services. PMID- 7265185 TI - Comparison of two subsampling methods for electron microscopic morphometry. AB - The purpose of the present paper is twofold. Firstly, to compare the accuracy per unit cost achieved by two different methods of subsampling micrographs from sections of a material for stereology when the sections cannot be analysed as a whole at the required magnification. Secondly, to illustrate, by means of real data, the application of some of the methods and formulae proposed in the companion paper (Cruz-Orive & Weibel, 1981) for estimating ratios at the electron microscopic level. The final estimates of a same ratio obtained by either subsampling method (namely systematic (SQ) and systematic area-weighted quadrats (SAWQ)) agreed in the mean and they were about equally precise. The former fact indicates that the new SAWQ method is at least as reliable as the SQ method as far as bias is concerned. The latter result is a consequence of the well-known fact that subsampling is relatively unimportant in two-stage sampling. Yet, SAWQ subsampling enjoys definite practical advantages over other subsampling methods in certain situations. PMID- 7265186 TI - The development of squamous cell metaplasia in human bronchial epithelium by light microscopic morphometry. AB - Bronchial biopsies from ten subjects, including five smokers, have been examined using light microscopic morphometry. The biopsies were free from identifiable disease. Using manual point counting and a Quantimet 720 image analysing computer, a number of parameters were measured. Computer-based cluster analysis of seven of these parameters associated the subjects into three groups: visual inspection of the sections achieved the same separation. Four subjects (non smokers) had normal epithelia: four subjects (one non-smoker, three smokers) showed mucous cell hyperplasia: two subjects (smokers) had squamous cell metaplasia. Three parameters in conjunction contained sufficient information to characterize accurately the histological appearance of the epithelia: the epithelial thickness, the volume density of intracellular mucus and the number of nuclear profiles per unit area of sectioned epithelium. Reduction of these three parameters to a linear plot closely approximated a similar reduction of the original seven parameters. These three parameters can be measured rapidly, either manually or by the Quantimet. The linear representation of these parameters provides a reproducible and objective basis for comparing specimens of bronchial epithelium. PMID- 7265187 TI - Scanning X-ray microradiography of a section of a carious lesion in dental enamel. AB - A scanning X-ray microradiographic system is described with which it is possible to measure the X-ray absorption in a 1 mm X 1mm area of a section in about 27h at a resolution of 20 micrometers with a reproducibility of about +/- 1.5%. This system has advantages over photographic methods for certain quantitative investigations. The results can be presented in various forms including contour maps and half-tone pictures and this is illustrated with a radiograph of a section of a carious lesion in dental enamel. PMID- 7265188 TI - Toxic-shock syndrome. PMID- 7265189 TI - The continent ileostomy. PMID- 7265190 TI - Maternal mortality in Mississippi: 1977-1978. PMID- 7265191 TI - Conformation of phospholipids. Crystal structure of a lysophosphatidylcholine analogue. PMID- 7265192 TI - The polar group conformation of a lysophosphatidylcholine analogue in solution. A high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance study. PMID- 7265193 TI - X-ray crystallographic analysis of a progesterone-binding protein. The C2221 crystal form of oxidized uteroglobin at 2.2 A resolution. PMID- 7265194 TI - Helical crystals of sickle cell hemoglobin. PMID- 7265195 TI - Location of the N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid binding site in wheat germ agglutinin. A crystallographic study at 2.8 A resolution. PMID- 7265196 TI - Analysis of sequence homology between human and mouse mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 7265197 TI - Interactions of bacteriophage T4-coded gene 32 protein with nucleic acids. II. Specificity of binding to DNA and RNA. PMID- 7265198 TI - Helix to helix packing in proteins. PMID- 7265199 TI - Effect of proline residues on protein folding. PMID- 7265200 TI - The role of proline residues in the folding kinetics of the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor derivative RCAM(14-38). PMID- 7265201 TI - Hydration in purple membrane as a function of relative humidity. PMID- 7265202 TI - Crystallization of ribonuclease St. PMID- 7265203 TI - Repetitive sequences of the sea urchin genome. Distribution of members of specific repetitive families. PMID- 7265204 TI - Interactions of bacteriophage T4-coded gene 32 protein with nucleic acids. I. Characterization of the binding interactions. PMID- 7265206 TI - The myosin filament. VII Changes in internal structure along the length of the filament. PMID- 7265205 TI - Structure of the linkage between adenovirus DNA and the 55,000 molecular weight terminal protein. PMID- 7265207 TI - Structure of ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase and the location on the NADP binding site. Results at 3-7 A resolution. PMID- 7265208 TI - Histidine determination in wheat germ agglutinin isolectin by X-ray diffraction analysis. PMID- 7265209 TI - Isolation of a Xenopus laevis alpha-globin gene. PMID- 7265210 TI - Amino acid activation in crystalline tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. PMID- 7265211 TI - An investigation of the structure of alfalfa mosaic virus by small-angle neutron scattering. PMID- 7265212 TI - Instrumental effects on the scattering curves. PMID- 7265213 TI - Scattering function for cylinders with hemispherical caps. PMID- 7265214 TI - An electron microscopic investigation of the structure of alfalfa mosaic virus. PMID- 7265215 TI - Preliminary crystallographic data for the structure of the complex between Kazal trypsin inhibitor and trypsinogen. PMID- 7265216 TI - The symmetries of filamentous phage particles. PMID- 7265217 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutants blocked in the folding or subunit of the bacteriophage P22 tail spike protein. II. Active mutant proteins matured at 30 degrees C. PMID- 7265218 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutants blocked in the folding or subunit assembly of the bacteriophage P22 tail spike protein. III. Intensive polypeptide chains synthesized at 39 degrees C. PMID- 7265219 TI - X-ray diffraction study of a new crystal form of the nucleosome core showing higher resolution. PMID- 7265220 TI - Neutron diffraction studies on crystals of nucleosome cores using contrast variation. PMID- 7265221 TI - Binding of 9-aminoacridine to deoxydinucleoside phosphates of defined sequence: preferences and stereochemistry. PMID- 7265222 TI - Structure of isothiocyanate methemoglobin. PMID- 7265223 TI - Dynamics of metmyoglobin crystals investigated by nuclear gamma resonance absorption. PMID- 7265224 TI - Hydrogen exchange from identified regions of the S-protein component of ribonuclease as a function of temperature, pH, and the binding of S-peptide. PMID- 7265225 TI - Conformational and geometrical properties of beta-sheets in proteins. I. Parallel beta-sheets. PMID- 7265226 TI - Conformational and geometrical properties of beta-sheets in proteins. II. Antiparallel and mixed beta-sheets. PMID- 7265227 TI - Conformational and geometrical properties of beta-sheets in proteins. III. Isotropically stressed configurations. PMID- 7265228 TI - Increased error frequency of DNA polymerases from senescent human fibroblasts. PMID- 7265229 TI - Analysis of the amino acid sequence of a tropomyosin-binding fragment from troponin-T. PMID- 7265230 TI - Amino acid composition of RNAase from seminal plasma: a correction. PMID- 7265231 TI - Bull semen RNAase revisited. PMID- 7265232 TI - Two-dimensional hybridization mapping of nucleosomes. comparison of DNA and protein patterns. PMID- 7265233 TI - Structure of the fd DNA--gene 5 protein complex in solution. A neutron small angle scattering study. PMID- 7265234 TI - Reactivity of ferric Aplysia myoglobin towards anionic ligands in the acidic region. Proposal for a structural model. PMID- 7265235 TI - Refolding of S-methylmethionyl basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 7265236 TI - Crystallization and preliminary x-ray study of the catalytic subunit of aspartate transcarbamylase. PMID- 7265237 TI - Mapping of I Gene mutations which lead to repressors with increased affinity for lac operator. PMID- 7265238 TI - Identification of common molecular subsequences. PMID- 7265239 TI - Phage T3 DNA contains an exact copy of the 23 base-pair phage T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. PMID- 7265240 TI - Structure and binding properties of hen lysozyme modified at tryptophan 62. PMID- 7265241 TI - Structure of bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2 at 1.7A resolution. PMID- 7265242 TI - A variety of intercellular connections in heart muscle. PMID- 7265243 TI - A high velocity impact device for obtaining multiple, contiguous, myocardial biopsies. PMID- 7265244 TI - Frequency dependence of the ionic currents determining the action potential repolarization in rat ventricular muscle. PMID- 7265245 TI - Prolonged depletion of ATP and of the adenine nucleotide pool due to delayed resynthesis of adenine nucleotides following reversible myocardial ischemic injury in dogs. PMID- 7265246 TI - Aggregates of fetal rat heart cells: electrophysiology and tetrodotoxin sensitivity. PMID- 7265248 TI - Effect of tolbutamide on the mechanical function of the isolated rat heart subjected to global ischemia. PMID- 7265247 TI - Effects of hypercholesterolaemia without ischemia on some electrophysiological and ultrastructural properties of the rabbit heart. PMID- 7265249 TI - Electrical Activity in canine sinus node cells during arrest produced by acetylcholine. PMID- 7265252 TI - Does the local myocardial release of prostaglandin E2 or F2alpha contribute to the early consequences of acute myocardial ischaemia? PMID- 7265250 TI - Diltiazem in myocardial recovery from global ischemia and reperfusion. PMID- 7265251 TI - Aspects of the mammalian cardiac sarcotubular system revealed by freeze fracture electron microscopy. PMID- 7265253 TI - The effect of verapamil on calcium accumulation during the calcium paradox. PMID- 7265254 TI - Alcohol-induced cardiac hemodynamic and Ca2+ flux dysfunctions are reversible. PMID- 7265255 TI - Calcium ion effects on the rising phases of action potentials obtained from guinea-pig papillary muscles at different potassium concentrations. PMID- 7265256 TI - The effects of long-term pressure-overload and aging on the myocardium. PMID- 7265257 TI - Involvement of an Na+-Ca2+ exchange system in genesis of ouabain-induced arrhythmias of cultured myocardial cells. PMID- 7265258 TI - The effect of calcium on the inotropy of catecholamine and paired electrical stimulation in the newborn and adult myocardium. PMID- 7265259 TI - Propranolol in ischaemic-reperfused working rat heart: dissociation of beta adrenergic blocking and protective effect. PMID- 7265260 TI - Rapid stimulation on the hexose monophosphate shunt in the isolated perfused rat heart: possible involvement of oxidized glutathione. PMID- 7265261 TI - The isolation and characterization of cardiac mitochondrial fractions from isoprenaline treated rats. PMID- 7265262 TI - Perinatal growth of the rabbit cardiac cell: possible implications for the mechanism of relaxation. PMID- 7265263 TI - A protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on the adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in the isolated perfused rat heart. PMID- 7265264 TI - Abstracts of the Fourth European Meeting of the International Society of Heart Research. Bologna, Italy, 9-12 September 1981. PMID- 7265265 TI - Genetic and biochemical implications of the endosymbiotic origin of the chloroplast. AB - The hypothesis stating that chloroplasts were derived from a photosynthetic procaryote is explored at a genetic and biochemical level. A transfer of genetic material from the endosymbiont to the nucleus of the host cell is proposed along with a corollary argument that the protein products of such transferred genes have remained specific to the chloroplast. This model provides an explanation for the presence of plastid-specific isozymes which are coded by nuclear DNA. It also suggests that the genome of the endosymbiont contributed the information necessary for the biosynthesis of carotenoids and the "essential" amino acids and the assimilation of nitrate-nitrogen and sulfate-sulfur. Animal cells lack these capabilities not because such were lost subsequent to the divergence of the plant and animal lines, but because animal cells did not become host to the appropriate symbionts. Additional implications of this thesis are discussed. PMID- 7265266 TI - An exceptional amino acid replacement on the distal side of the iron atom in proboscidean myoglobin. AB - Amino acid sequence determination of elephant myoglobin revealed the presence of the unusual substitution E7 His leads to Gln. Stereochemical analyses suggest that the most suitable residue which can functionally substitute for His at this position in vertebrate globins is Gln. Physiochemical studies imply that the slower rate of autooxidation of elephant myoglobin is the result of this substitution which may confer some selective advantage on the species. Comparative sequence data of paenungulate myoglobins suggest that the His leads to Gln mutation probably occurred in an ancestor of Elephantinae. PMID- 7265268 TI - Family life and child health in the Peoples Republic of China: an observation. PMID- 7265267 TI - The estimation of genetic divergence. AB - We have independently repeated the computer simulations on which Nei and Tateno (1978) base their criticism of REH theory and have extended the analysis to include mRNAs as well as proteins. The simulation data confirm the correctness of the REH method. The high average value of the fixation intensity mu 2 found by Nei and Tateno is due to two factors: 1) they reported only the five replications in which mu 2 was high, excluding the forty-five replications containing the more representative data; and 2) the lack of information, inherent to protein sequence data, about fixed mutations at the third nucleotide position within codons, as the values are lower when the estimate is made from the mRNAs that code for the proteins. REH values calculated from protein or nucleic acid data on the basis of the equiprobability of genetic events underestimate, not overestimate, the total fixed mutations. In REH theory the experimental data determine the estimate T2 of the time average number of codons that have been free to fix mutations during a given period of divergence. In the method of Nei and Tateno it is assumed, despite evidence to the contrary, that every amino acid position may fix a mutation. Under the latter assumption, the measure X2 of genetic divergence suggested by Nei and Tateno is not tenable: values of X2 for a alpha hemoglobin divergences are less than the minimum number of fixed substitutions known to have occurred. Within the context of REH theory, a paradox, first posed by Zuckerkandl, with respect to the high rate of covarion turnover and the nature of general function sites in proteins is resolved. PMID- 7265269 TI - Letters to the editor. PMID- 7265270 TI - Trauma centers: an idea whose time has come. AB - Major trauma is a preventable entity. Illustrations are used to discuss the differences between major trauma centers. Requirements for a trauma center are enumerated and the impact of residency training programs is discussed relative to trauma care. The development of trauma centers is examined and reference is made to Boyd's article on trauma centers. Priorities to develop a National Trauma System as well as educational programs are explained. Finally, a discussion of the teaching of advanced trauma life supports (ATLS) is presented.The ongoing need for the development of trauma centers is detailed. PMID- 7265271 TI - A study of feeding practices in hospitalized Cameroonian children. PMID- 7265272 TI - Health care expectations among urban women. AB - Although patient participation in the health care system is increasing, assumptions are often made about patients' ideas and expectations, because these have not been systematically studied as of yet.This paper presents a summary of the results of a questionnaire answered anonymously by 265 low-income patients who received primary and gynecological care from a single specialty group in Chicago's inner city.According to the respondents (mainly young black women) one to-one patient-physician relationships are preferred; the respondents are interested in preventive medicine; they hold traditional views about marriage and abortion; they are interested in having smaller families; and they want outside jobs and participation in their health care decisions. PMID- 7265273 TI - Increased serum calcitonin in pregnancy. AB - Calcitonin, the hypocalcemic, hypophosphatemic polypeptide hormone of C cell origin, has been reported to be high in pregnant women at delivery. Levels of this hormone were determined by radioimmunoassay in 56 pregnant women in all trimesters and found to be above normal in 72 percent. Values were also increased during the first two days postpartum. Calcitonin levels were not correlated with serum calcium or phosphate, except in the first trimester when levels of this hormone were inversely correlated with serum phosphate. Perhaps the hypercalcitonemia of pregnancy serves to protect the maternal skeleton, while allowing the fetus to accumulate calcium. PMID- 7265274 TI - The distribution of copper in sickling erythrocytes as determined by an IBM cell separator. AB - Elevated levels of copper have been found in sickling erythrocytes. Since this copper may inhibit sickling or induce hemolysis the authors decided to investigate the distribution of copper in sickling erythrocytes to gain some insight into its origin. When samples of sickling erythrocytes were fractionated by density gradient centrifugation with an IBM cell separator and the fractions analyzed for copper, it was found that the copper to hemoglobin ratio of the different fractions varied several fold. This finding indicated that the copper in sickling erythrocytes did not equilibrate with the copper in serum or other cells and that the copper was present in the cells when they were released into the blood stream. When erythrocytes were obtained from a sickle cell patient four days post-crises, a large amount of residual copper could be observed in the first (youngest) fraction. It was suspected that this copper was in mitochondrial residues. It was also observed that copper levels tended to be higher in control and sicklings erythrocytes during the winter months. The predominance of the first fraction in samples of sickling erythrocytes taken during the winter months suggests that the turnover of sickling erythrocytes is accelerated at this time. PMID- 7265275 TI - Freeman-Sheldon syndrome with unusual hand and foot anomalies. AB - A newborn with the characteristic facies of Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (whistling face syndrome) and unusual hand and foot anomalies is reported. Flexion contractures of fingers were so severe as to prevent their extension. Previously reported patients with similar hand anomalies had only mild to moderate limitation of extension. Over 75 percent of the 29 previous cases of this syndrome had equinovarus deformity. Not only was this deformity absent but the patient had polysyndactyly of the big toe, an anomaly not previously associated with this syndrome. PMID- 7265276 TI - Endoscopic retrieval of an unusual gastric foreign body. AB - A case of endoscopic retrieval of a gastric foreign body, retained due to peptic ulcer disease, is reported. An Olympus polypectomy snare was used to extract the foreign body. The role of endoscopy in the management of an upper gastrointestinal tract foreign body is discussed. PMID- 7265277 TI - Prolonged lobar atelectasis in sarcoidosis. AB - A case is presented of a 28-year-old woman with right upper lobe atelectasis secondary to sarcoid adenopathy. As most chest surgeons and physicians would currently remove the offending lymph nodes for lung reexpansion and more definitive diagnosis, the case is considered primarily for its historical interest. PMID- 7265279 TI - Increasing the NMA's sphere of influence. PMID- 7265278 TI - Paradoxes and questions in level of health care. PMID- 7265280 TI - Is there a genetic basis for the differences in cancer incidence between Afro Americans and Euro-Americans? AB - The data of the Third National Cancer Survey show for many cancer types, large differences in cancer incidence between Euro-Americans and Afro-Americans.(1) As in other racial studies, it is difficult to separate environmental and genetic factors. For the cancers which are more frequent among Afro-Americans, environmental factors seem to be primarily responsible. However, among the cancers less frequent in Afro-Americans, there are some for which the racial differences have a genetic basis. This is clearly the case for skin and lip cancers caused by the ultraviolet B of the sun. Genetic factors are probably also responsible for the racial differences in the incidence of malignant melanomas, testis cancers, astrocytomas, and Ewing's sarcomas. Perhaps there is also a genetic basis for some of the racial differences in the incidence of malignant lymphomas and leukemias. For all these cancers, Afro-Americans are less susceptible. The only cancer to which Afro-Americans appear more susceptible on the basis of genetic makeup, is fibrosarcoma. This is in accord with the high frequency of keloids, a benign counterpart of fibrosarcoma in Afro-Americans. PMID- 7265282 TI - Health policy and the politics of health: priorities and planning for health care in Puerto Rico. AB - Puerto Rico, with the rest of the Caribbean, inherited the historical legacy of colonialism, slavery, and ethnic diversity. With its neighbors, Puerto Rico shares a tropical climate, a strategic location, and an agricultural past. Despite such similarities, Puerto Rico's health systems have evolved at rates and in directions different from its Caribbean neighbors. The ways in which services are organized have varied as a function of each country's political relationship with its respective metropolitan power, its stage of economic development, its endowment in terms of natural and other resources, its size and population, and its cultural environment, among other factors. For this reason, the Caribbean presents a veritable kaleidoscope of patterns of delivering health care. The following comments are primarily devoted to Puerto Rico, where the author is directly involved with health policy and the politics of health. PMID- 7265281 TI - Immunopotentiating effect of vinca alkaloids on the antibody response to sheep red blood cells in the mouse. AB - Evidence is presented that the vinca alkaloids (vinblastine, vincristine, and vindesine) exert an immunopotentiating effect on the antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The primary antibody response, measured by the rosette forming cell (RFC) and hemagglutination (HA) assays, was enhanced by vincristine and vindesine treatments. Neither drug had any effect on the secondary antibody response. Vinblastine, while having no effect on the primary response, augmented the secondary antibody response to SRBC. PMID- 7265283 TI - Natural history of chronic duodenitis: incidence in Nigerians. AB - Chronic peptic duodenitis accounted for four percent of endoscopic diagnoses of upper gastrointestinal disorders in lbadan, Nigeria. This clinicopathologic entity was a frequent cause of x-ray negative dyspepsia and was a cause of significant bleeding in two of the 26 patients included in this study. None progressed to frank duodenal ulceration during the follow-up period. It is emphasized that accurate assessment of dyspepsia must include endoscopic and histologic examinations. PMID- 7265284 TI - Allocation of scarce resources: some problems. AB - This paper presents an overview of current philosophical perspectives and societal trends in relation to allocation of scarce resources. An analysis and comparative assessment of various positions of current philosophers, theologians, and bioethicists is provided. Currently proposed cost containment measures at the federal level require that black health professionals particularly pay attention to these proposals specifically as related to allocation of resources. The ways in which cost containment and/ or modification of resource allocation will affect health care delivery, specifically for the black community, must be carefully examined. This article may suggest some approaches for individual and group response to the continuing dialogue and to the allocation process itself. The equitable distribution of health care, particularly scarce new technologies, will be one of the greatest problems facing society in the next 20 years. PMID- 7265286 TI - Foreign body perforation of the stomach. AB - A case of foreign body perforation of the stomach is reported. Complications of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract and their management are discussed. PMID- 7265285 TI - Spirometric standards for healthy black adults. AB - Forced expiratory spirometric studies were performed on 512 nonsmoking black adult men and women with negative cardiorespiratory histories. Regression equations were calculated for forced vital capacity (FVC), percent vital capacity in 1 second (% FEV(1)), and forced midexpiratory flow rate FEF(25-75)%), using height and age. These equations resulted in predicted values 3.5 to 23 percent lower than commonly used standards. The wide range of variation means that a single correction factor is inadequate when considering ethnic differences. In contrast, FEV(1)/FVC was within the accepted range of normal for all ethnic groups. In the 30 percent of subjects in whom sitting height was measured, it was not significantly different from one half the standing height; thus, sitting height is also an inadequate correction factor. Tables of predicted values were constructed for easy reference, with the hope that use of racespecific standards for pulmonary function testing will become widespread. PMID- 7265287 TI - Tuberculosis presenting as a pelvis mass. AB - Tuberculosis is one of the world's most important communicable diseases. Although it may involve the genital tract and frequently results in infertility, the presentation of the disease as a pelvic mass is uncommon. While the incidence of tuberculosis has declined in the United States, genital tuberculosis should be considered in patients presenting with adnexal mass and a history of infertility. One such case is presented here, and diagnosis and treatment are described. PMID- 7265288 TI - A distant man: an examiner for the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. AB - As an examiner for the Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, the author discusses and analyzes factors that affect candidate performance on the oral portion of the Board examination. A list of recommendations is presented for prospective candidates. PMID- 7265289 TI - Design and testing of a biocontainment system for chemical carcinogens. AB - A biocontainment facility was built for studies in which the chemical carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was instilled intrarectally in guinea pigs. The system operated by constant flow of uncontaminated air into carcinogen contaminated animal isolation chambers and filtration through a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter prior to release into the environment. The facility was tested for efficiency of carcinogen containment by substituting for the MNU a similar concentration of a fluorescent tracer, sodium fluorescein, under standard operating procedures for carcinogen administration to guinea pigs. Wipe samples from the floor, isolation chambers, animal handlers and clothing, and intake and exhaust air samples were analyzed for fluorescein before and after intrarectal instillation of the tracer. The recovery of very low concentrations of total and respirable suspended fluorescein from sampling points within the facility and the absence of detectable fluorescein in the air downstream from the HEPA filter indicated that the facility provided adequate protection against contamination of personnel or the environment. PMID- 7265290 TI - Alteration of the mutagenicity of human fecal extracts by hepatic microsomal enzymes. AB - Human fecal extracts obtain substances mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. The mutagenicity of these extracts can be reduced enzymatically by inducible mammalian microsomal enzymes. Liver homogenates from rats administered the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture of Aroclor 1254 and corn oil were both effective, relative to the quantity of microsomal protein available in the enzyme preparation. PMID- 7265291 TI - Clearance by the rat of inhaled fly ash from fluidized-bed coal combustion. AB - Fly ash from a fluidized-bed coal combustor was neutron-activated and administered to male Fischer 344 rats by a single nose-only inhalation exposure. The activated fly ash contained 46Sc and smaller amounts of other gamma-emitting radionuclides. Whole-body clearance of radioactivity to 127 d was described by an exponential equation, with the long-term component having a biological half-life of 78 d. High-resolution gamma spectra of the lungs were obtained with a Ge(Li) detector and the relative activities of several fly ash constituents were compared. The activities of 152Eu, 134Cs, 54Mn, and 60Co significantly decreased with time relative to those of 46Sc and 59Fe. These results indicate that the clearance of fly ash is similar to that of other relatively insoluble particles and that some elements may have been preferentially dissolved from the fly ash particles in vivo. PMID- 7265292 TI - Chemical and biological properties related to toxicity of heated fats. AB - Heating of fats brings about measurable changes in their chemical and physical characteristics. Heat is applied in processing for food manufacture, such as during hydrogenation of oils with a catalyst, and in frying for meal preparation. Partially hydrogenated products generally contain substantial quantities of geometric and positional isomers of the original unsaturated fatty acids. During deep-fat frying, when the fat is used repeatedly, oxidative and thermal effects result in the formation of many volatile and nonvolatile products, some of which are potentially toxic, depending on the level of intake. Because of concern about the types of changes that take place in fats during oxidative and thermal deterioration and the effects the derivatives could have on the consumer, many chemical and biological studies have been carried out. Experimental findings indicate that any potential danger to the consumer is relative to the severity of the overall treatment of the fat. In some studies we evaluated biological effects on rats of trans fatty acid in the diet and of concentrates of fatty acid derivatives produced in thermally oxidized fats. trans-Octadecenoic acid changed the concentrations of the phospholipid classes in the liver lipids, and interfered with conversion of the essential n - 6 series of fatty acids to higher members. Compared to oleic acid, elaidic acid was preferentially incorporated into the phospholipids instead of the triacylglycerols and was also concentrated in the lipoprotein fractions. Administration of non-urea-adductable concentrates from thermally oxidized fats produced cellular damage in hearts, livers, and kidneys of the animals. Since even practical processing and frying conditions can produce some nutritionally undesirable products, a concerted effort should be made to minimize substantial accumulation of these in our dietary fats. PMID- 7265293 TI - Interaction of metal ions with cadmium-induced cellular toxicity. AB - Interactions between Cd and other metal ions are important from both nutritional and toxicological aspects. As Cd is toxic to isolated hepatocytes, these cells can be used to investigate the effects of other metals on Cd-induced cellular injury. Isolated hepatocytes were incubated at 37 degrees C with vehicle (saline); Cd (200 or 400 microM); or Cd plus Cr, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb, Se, or Fe (200 1000 microM). Evidence of cellular injury was assessed by loss of intracellular K+ and aspartate aminotransferase from the hepatocytes. Effects on lipid peroxidation, as measured by concentration of the thiobarbituric acid reactants, were assessed. Uptake of 109Cd and interaction of the other metal ions with this accumulation were also quantitated. Cell injury due to Cd was consistently reduced by Cr, Mn, Zn, Pb, and Fe. Lipid peroxidation due to Cd was inhibited by Cr, Mn, and Zn. All the metals except Ni produced an increase in the amount of Cd accumulated by hepatocytes. There was no consistent relation between reduction of cellular toxicity and either inhibition of lipid peroxidation or uptake of Cd. These experiments show that (1) protective properties of some metals seen in vivo can be demonstrated at the cellular level and (2) protective effects of metals in general on Cd-induced cellular toxicity are not due to a decrease in either Cd uptake or lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7265294 TI - Cytotoxic estrogens in hormone receptive tumors. AB - A high proportion of human mammary cancers contain a measurable amount of estrogen receptors. The presence of estrogen receptors correlates well with the response of patients to endocrine therapy, but not with their response to chemotherapy. However, receptor-mediated chemotherapy should result in more selective and efficient treatment of receptor-positive tumors. Several agents containing an estrogenic and a cytotoxic moiety have been synthesized in the past. It is not surprising that the affinity of these compounds for the estradiol receptor is very low, since most of them were synthesized before our knowledge of hormone receptor mechanisms. An international workshop on cytotoxic estrogens was held on September 27-28, 1979, in Diepenbeek, Belgium, to celebrate the opening of the Dr. L. Willems-Instituut. The purpose of the workshop was to determine the structural requirements for binding to the estrogen receptor and to obtain a consensus on screening techniques for selecting potential drugs of this type. PMID- 7265295 TI - Monitoring of grape harvesters for evidence of cholinesterase inhibition. AB - This report describes the results of a long-term monitoring study of 36 grape harvesters who were occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticide residues following reentry into vineyards during September and October 1976. The study was designed to evaluate biochemical parameters associated with organophosphate pesticide residues. Insignificant changes in blood cholinesterase activity were found. Some workers had very low levels of organophosphate metabolites in the urine during the entire 6 wk of study. Ethion dioxon was the only pesticide residue detected on the grape leaves. The harvesting of wine grapes involves numerous work crews of four to six people each, requiring a highly mobile monitoring staff. A single stationary location for collecting blood and urine samples will result in massive losses to follow-up since the workers cannot be relied on to report on their own. It is recommended that, to maximize worker cooperation, future monitoring studies rely more on analyses of urine specimens and less on venipuncture for evidence of pesticide exposure. PMID- 7265296 TI - Mutagenic effects of effluents from chlorine bleaching of pulp. AB - Effluents from the bleaching of kraft pulp were tested for mutagenicity. Samples from different mills in which softwood kraft pulp is bleached in a conventional sequence of stages were spot-tested with the Escherichia coli pol A-/pol A+ system. All samples were nontoxic and therefore no difference could be noted between the repair-proficient and the repair-deficient strain. Also no toxic mutagenic effects were seen in spot tests with Salmonella. In a quantitative test with Salmonella, using the plate incorporation assay, effluents from the chlorination (C) stage induced point mutations of the base-substitution type. No frameshift mutations were noted. In the presence of a metabolizing system the direct mutagenic effect was reduced. This reduction was essentially NADPH independent. Tests on effluents concentrated by freeze-drying indicated, in addition to the base-substitution effect of the C-stage effluent, the presence of frameshift mutagen(s) in this effluent and a base-substitution effect of the hypochlorite stage effluent. Fractionation of the C-stage effluent showed that the mutagenic components are of low molecular weight, extractable with diethyl ether, and sensitive to alkali treatment. Most of the mutagenicity is found in the neutral ether fraction. Induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants in Chinese hamster V79 cells confirmed the mutagenic properties of the C-stage effluent. PMID- 7265297 TI - Subacute toxicity of intravenous dimethyl sulfoxide in rhesus monkeys. AB - Daily iv doses of 3 g/kg dimethyl sulfoxide in a 40% solution were given to rhesus monkeys for 9 consecutive days. The monkeys were monitored before and after treatment for 4 mo for changes in blood chemistry, hematology, urine, and ocular, neurological, and cardiovascular systems. At the end of the study all animals were sacrificed and gross and microscopic pathological examinations were performed. No significant or long-lasting changes were recorded in any of the parameters studied when these data were compared to those for saline controls. PMID- 7265298 TI - Effects of vitamin E and ascorbyl palmitate on cultured myocardial cells exposed to oxidized fats. AB - Primary cultures of rat heart cells were used as a model system to study the influence of two antioxidants, vitamin E and ascorbyl palmitate, on biological effects of thermally oxidized fat. The free fatty acid fraction of the distillable non-urea-adductable fraction of heated corn oil (HCO) was used as the test lipid; the free fatty acid fraction of fresh corn oil was the control. HCO (100 microgram/ml medium) depressed the mitotic index, induced excessive lipid accumulation, and increased the number of pyknotic nuclei in the cells. Addition of extra vitamin E (10 microgram/ml medium) reduced the toxicity of HCO by counteracting these changes. In comparison, ascorbyl palmitate (10 microgram/ml medium) in the presence of HCO was beneficial in that it produced only a slight increase in the mitotic index. HCO treatment also resulted in reduced levels of linoleic and arachidonic acids in the phospholipid fractions of the cells, and addition of vitamin E or ascorbyl palmitate increased the level of arachidonic acid. The triacylglycerol fraction of HCO-treated cells showed markedly reduced linoleic acid and increased arachidonic acid. These changes were unaffected by the antioxidant treatments. Vitamin E counteracted the adverse effects of HCO treatment on the rat heart cells. Ascorbyl palmitate only was as efficient as vitamin E in elevating the concentration of arachidonic acid at the membrane level in the presence of HCO. PMID- 7265299 TI - Effect of 2,2'-diaminodiphenyldisulfide, a resin hardener, on rats. AB - Guided by structure-activity relationships among carcinogenic aromatic amines, a sulfur-containing aromatic diamine was designed as a possible noncarcinogenic replacement for the resin hardener 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA). However, in small-scale tests in rats the analog diaminodiphenyldisulfide (DDDS) caused necrotic changes in the liver, acanthosis and hyperkeratosis of the forestomach, and atrophy and hyperplasia of the ductal epithelium of the kidney. One case of hepatocellular carcinoma was also noted. Furthermore, DDDS caused alterations in the hepatocellular carcinoma was also noted. Furthermore, DDDS caused alterations in the phospholipid pattern of liver, kidney, and spleen, increasing total phospholipid and cholesterol but decreasing triglyceride levels. However, it was not mutagenic in a Salmonella test system, even in the presence of S9 and microsomal fractions from Aroclor 1254-treated rats. PMID- 7265300 TI - Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of tricyclic antidepressants in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. AB - Primary cultures of hepatocytes from postnatal Sprague-Dawley rats were grown in arginine-deficient, ornithine-supplemented medium to inhibit fibroblastic overgrowth and to selectively isolate relatively pure cultures of parenchymal hepatocytes. This system of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes was utilized to evaluate the cytotoxicity of certain tricyclic antidepressant drugs (TCAs). The compounds tested were chosen to represent two distinct chemical classifications of TCAs: the dibenzazepine derivatives, imipramine (1) and desipramine (D), and the dibenzocycloheptadiene derivatives, amitriptyline (A) and nortriptyline (N). The study also allowed direct comparison of the parent tertiary amines, A and I, and their respective demethylated pharmacologically active metabolites, N and D. The hepatotoxicity of the compounds was determined by measuring leakage of cytoplasmic enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), into the culture medium and by assessing cell viability by the trypan blue dye exclusion test. LDH leakage was a more sensitive index of early cellular injury in this study. The compounds demonstrated a dose- and time dependent order of toxicity; their hepatotoxicity potency was ranked as A = N greater than D greater than I. PMID- 7265301 TI - Recovery of Chinese hamster cells from mercuric chloride exposure. AB - The effects of chronic treatments with HgCl2 on cell survival, DNA replication, and cell progression in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells were investigated. The ability of these cells to recover from the effects was also characterized. Exposure of cells to 4 X 10(-5) M HgCl2 for 30 min killed about 50% of the cells, and this proportion did not increase with continued exposure up to 24 h. The rate of DNA replication was reduced to 28% of the control rate in the presence of HgCl2. However, when the cells were returned to medium without HgCl2, the rate of DNA replication recovered to 88% of control after 3 h of exposure and 55% of control after 8 h of exposure. The cell doubling time was increased from a control value of 16 h to 31 h in the presence of HgCl2. When the exposed cells were returned to medium without HgCl2, the doubling time returned to 16 h. The rate of progression of cells from G1 phase to S phase was greatly reduced in the presence of HgCl2, and no recovery was observed in this case when the cells were transferred to normal medium. These findings suggested a correlation between ability to recover and the cytotoxic effects of HgCl2. PMID- 7265302 TI - Metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. AB - Primary cultures of adult rat parenchymal hepatocytes were developed as an in vitro model to investigate the biochemical fate of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), a potent hepatocarcinogen. More than 5 x 10(8) viable cells were routinely isolated by collagenase perfusion in rat liver; the cells were cultured 2-5 d on collagen coated dishes in serum-free culture medium containing hormones and other factors to retard the decline of cytochrome P-450. All of 137 ng or 13.7 microgram AAF was metabolized in 21-24 h by 2 x 10(6) cultured hepatocytes in 4.0 ml defined medium. At the higher dose, water-soluble metabolites appeared at 70% of the rate of metabolism at the lower dose, which was 17 ng/h for the initial 4 h. As the parent compound was consumed, bound AAF residues were recovered with exhaustively extracted, trichloro-acetic acid-precipitated hepatocellular macromolecules, accounting for a maximum of 5% of the 137-ng dose. Addition of hormones to the culture medium stimulated the rate of appearance of water-soluble metabolites, AAF, correlating with the enhanced cytochrome P-450 levels of hormone-treated cells. Metabolism of AAF was diminished 50% during 3 h of incubation with 10(-4) M SKF 525A and 100% with 10(-3) M SKF 525A. At a dose of 40 microgram AAF per 2 X 10(6) cells, only 31% of the carcinogen was recovered from the culture medium as water-soluble products after 24 h; the cells were sown to be capable of metabolizing a subsequent 40-microgram dose at an undiminished rate, suggesting that saturation of metabolizing enzymes rather than toxicity occurred. These results support the validity of primary hepatocyte cultures as a model system for quantitative investigations of the biochemical fate of AAF in mammalian cells, and provide preliminary characterization of the cells' processes of detoxification and metabolic activation of a chemical carcinogen. PMID- 7265303 TI - Cadmium resistance correlated with cadmium uptake and thionein binding in CHO cell variants Cdr20f4 and Cdr30f9. PMID- 7265304 TI - Plasma proteins and colloid osmotic pressure of blood of rat fetuses prenatally exposed to Mirex. AB - A significant effect of prenatal exposure to the pesticide Mirex is a fetal edema, which is responsible for many of the toxic effects of this agent. Pregnant rats were given 6 mg/kg mirex on d 8 1/2-15 1/2, a moderate dose that does not cause maternal mortality. The blood of 18 1/2- and 20 1/2-d rat fetuses was tested to determine a possible cause of the edema. There were no significant differences between fetal and maternal plasma or between control and treated fetal plasma with respect to sodium and potassium concentrations or total osmolality. The protein concentration of plasma of treated fetuses was lower than that of controls. This effect was proportional to the degree of edema. The concentration in 20 1/2-d controls was 25.2 mg/ml, that in mildly swollen treated fetuses 18.1 mg/ml, and that in severely swollen ones 13.5 mg/ml. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed quantitative and qualitative changes in plasma of affected fetuses. The colloid osmotic pressure was also reduced fron 8.0 mm in controls and unaffected treated fetuses to 4.8 mm in swollen fetuses. Since lowered plasma protein and colloid osmotic pressure cause tissue edema in adults, they are the probably cause of mirex-induced fetal edema. PMID- 7265305 TI - Correlation of urinary pesticide metabolite excretion with estimated dermal contact in the course of occupational exposure to Guthion. AB - Exposure to and absorption of Guthion 50 W.P. (azinphos-methyl) were estimated in orchardists from the Okanagan Valley in British Columbia who were involved in mixing, loading, and application with ultra-low volume air blast equipment. Air monitoring and patch techniques were used to estimate exposure, and alkyl phosphate excretion and cholinesterase inhibition were measured to estimate absorption. All workers were issued with standardized cotton shirts, trousers, and long-sleeved coveralls. All wore half-face respirators, gloves, boots, and hats. Eight wore rubberized protective clothing in addition. The indirect method of measuring urinary metabolites appeared to be the most sensitive. All workers had quantifiable levels of alkyl phosphates following exposure, and 24-h urine samples provided a more reliable estimate than first morning voids. A high correlation was observed between 48-h alkyl phosphate excretion and amount of active ingredient sprayed. A fluorescent tracer was added to the tank along with the Guthion. The finding of Guthion on patches beneath the clothing was confirmed by the presence of the tracer on the skin. With the ultralow-volume application used in this study, the rubberized clothing did not appear to be significantly more protective than the heavy coverall. There was no significant depression of either red blood cell or serum cholinesterase activity in any workers. PMID- 7265306 TI - Atypical conditions for quantitative recovery of acepromazine and chlorpromazine from plasma. AB - Recoveries of acepromazine and chlorpromazine from equine plasma were examined. Recoveries of both drugs from plasma were poor under theoretically optimal conditions for basic drugs. When a wide range of extraction pH was examined, it was found that more complete recoveries of these drugs from plasma were achieved at pH 5-6. Use of [3H] chlorpromazine showed that the rate of migration of the drug from an aqueous to a nonpolar environment was much faster at pH 6.0 than at pH 9.2 from both plasma and buffer solutions. Times required for equilibration with agitation were 15 min at pH 6.0, 1 h at pH 9.2, and 2 h at pH 11.0. With these agitation times and pH values, recoveries were more than 95% complete. PMID- 7265307 TI - Possible formation of nitrosamine in guinea pigs following exposure to nitrogen dioxide and dimethylamine. AB - The possibility of formation of nitrosamine was investigated in animals exposed to a combination of dimethylamine (DMA) and NO2. First, the distribution and covalent binding of DMA and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rats and guinea pigs were determined. The apparent volume of distribution and biological half-life for [14C]-DMA or [14C]DMN did not reveal any species difference. In general, there were no marked differences in accumulation of radioactivity in tissues of guinea pigs and rats 4 h after the administration of DMA, while the guinea pig tissues showed higher accumulation after DMN administration. Nucleic acid fractions prepared from liver and lungs of both species following administration of DMN or DMA in vivo showed much higher covalent binding with DMN than with DMA. Furthermore, the covalent binding of DMN was found to be due to bioactivation, whereas the DMA binding was nonspecific. Since guinea pig liver showed a higher degree of covalent binding than rat liver, this species was used to investigate the possible increase in covalent binding in the presence of NO2 and DMA as a reflection of DMN formation. There was no evidence of enhancement of covalent binding when animals pretreated with [14C]-DMA were exposed for various lengths of time to different concentrations of NO2. PMID- 7265308 TI - Influence of mercury of the anesthetic response to and distribution of thiopental in rats. AB - Pretreatment with HgCl2 (2 mg/kg sc) 24 h before administration of thiopental (35 mg/kg ip) significantly potentiated the duration of thiopental sleeping time in adult male rats but did not influence the onset time for anesthesia. The plasma concentration of free thiopental was significantly higher in the Hg-treated animals 15 and 45 min after thiopental injection (i.e., during the period of thiopental anesthesia), with a concomitant increase of the free thiopental concentration in the brain at 15 min. However, total and free brain thiopental concentrations in Hg-treated rats at the time of awakening were not different from those in saline-treated animals. Urinary thiopental remained unchanged from 0 to 2 h, but was increased in the treated urine from 0 to 27 h. In vitro studies showed a strong inhibition of thiopental binding in 24-h Hg-treated plasma. The results suggest that the prolongation of thiopental anesthesia induced by Hg pretreatment is probably related to changes in the disposition of thiopental in the plasma and brain rather than to an alteration in the sensitivity of the central nervous system. PMID- 7265309 TI - Effects of chronic ingestion of No. 2 fuel oil on mallard ducklings. AB - No. 2 fuel oil was fed to mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings in concentrations of 0.5 and 5.0% of the diet from hatching to 18 wk of age to assess the effects of chronic oil ingestion during early development. Five growth parameters (body weight, wing length, ninth primary length, tarsal length, and bill length) were depressed in birds receiving a diet containing 5% fuel oil. There was no oil-related mortality. The 5% fuel oil diet impaired avoidance behavior of 9-d-old mallard ducklings compared with controls or ducklings fed 0.5% oil. Open-field activity was greatly increased in 16-wk-old ducklings fed 5.0% oil. Liver hypertrophy and splenic atrophy were gross evidences of pathological effects in birds on the 5.0% oil diet. More subtle effects included biochemical lesions that resulted in the elevation of plasma alanine aminotransferase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity. PMID- 7265310 TI - Inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in BALB/c/ki mice exposed to urban air pollution. AB - In two separate experiments BALB/c/ki mice were exposed to urban air pollution. Mice exposed to clean air served as controls. In both experiments there were no obvious quantitative or qualitative differences in lung or liver tissue examined by light microscopy. In both experiments higher aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities and higher trace metal concentrations were observed in the mice exposed to polluted urban air. These data are interpreted in terms of health hazards of urban air pollutants. PMID- 7265311 TI - 1,3-dinitrobenzene: toxic effects in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7265312 TI - Spleen changes in animals inhaling ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide. AB - The effects of ambient levels of NO2 on the spleens of adult and newborn Swiss Webster (S/W) mice were determined. Spleens were evaluated by the following criteria: (1) spleen weight, expressed as a percent of the body weight (% spleen weight), (2) size of the spleen lymphoid nodules as determined by computed image analysis, (3) spleen cell counts, and (4) histopathologic evaluation. Data for NO2-exposed animals were compared with data for control animals that inhaled filtered air. Totals of 217 control and 217 NO2-exposed animals were studied. After 6 wk of exposure to NO2 at ambient levels (0.35 +/- 0.05 ppm), the following significant changes were observed in the spleens of exposed mice: (1) increase in % spleen weight (p less than 0.0025), (2) increase in size of spleen lymphoid nodules (p less than 0.01), (3) smaller increase in spleen cell number per given weight increment of spleen as determined by correlation coefficients (p less than 0.0125) and linear regression analysis of spleen cell counts, and (4) an apparently greater predominance of red cells in the red pulp. It is concluded that inhalation of NO2 is associated with quantifiable spleen changes, which may prove to be useful indicators for assessing effects of inhaled NO2. PMID- 7265314 TI - Effects of nitric oxide on resistance to bacterial infection in mice. AB - Continuous exposure to 2 ppm nitric oxide (NO) for as long as 4 wk did not reduce the resistance of male mice to infection by aerosol inoculation with Pasteurella multocida. In contrast, mortality was slightly enhanced and survival shortened in NO-exposed compared to control female mice; however, the importance of these small differences is uncertain. These results suggest only that male and female mice did not react similarly to the infectious challenge after exposure to NO. PMID- 7265313 TI - Fate of inhaled nitrogen dioxide in isolated perfused rat lung. AB - The fate of inhaled NO2 was studied with isolated perfused rat lungs. The isolated lungs were exposed to 5 ppm NO2 for 90 min at a ventilation rate of 34 ml/min. The NO2 exposure had no adverse effects on the lungs as judged from their weights, glucose uptake, or lactate production compared to control lungs. Isolated lungs absorbed 36% of ventilated NO2, which was detected in perfusate and lung tissue as NO2- but not NO3-. The NO2- concentration in perfusate increased linearly with time, and after 90 min of ventilation with NO2 and perfusion with erythrocyte-free medium the NO2- accumulation was 6.36 +/- 0.39 micrograms. If perfusate contained 10% erythrocytes, the ventilated NO2 product was mostly NO3- in perfusate but NO2- in lung tissue. Protein solutions absorbed NO2 more effectively than simple salt solutions, but they all yielded mainly NO2- unless erythrocytes were present, when the product was mostly NO3-. The results indicate that absorbed NO2 in the lung is converted predominantly to NO2-, but after its diffusion into the vascular space it is oxidized to NO3- by interactions with erythrocytes. PMID- 7265315 TI - Effects of dietary nickel on mallards. AB - Thirty breeding pairs of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups and were fed breeder mash containing 0, 12.5, 50.0, 200.0, or 800.0 ppm Ni (as the sulfate) for 90 d. Ni ingestion had no effect on egg production, hatchability, or survival of ducklings. After 90 d birds were bled, sacrificed, and necropsied. There were no significant differences in hematocrit; concentrations of hemoglobin, plasma triglyceride, and cholesterol; of plasma activities of ornithine carbamoyltransferase and alanine aminotransferase. A black tarry feces was noted in the high Ni dose group at necropsy, but no gross or histopathologic lesions were observed. Although absolute concentrations of Ni in tissues were low, there were significant accumulations in kidneys of birds fed Ni at all dietary levels and in feathers, blood, and livers of birds fed high doses of Ni compared with controls. PMID- 7265316 TI - Effects of lead on benzene metabolism. AB - The possibility that Pb could affect benzene metabolism, through inhibition of enzyme synthesis, was examined by studies of the effects of chronic oral Pb treatments on benzene conversion to phenol. Rats were given either distilled deionized water or 0.05, 0.58, 17, or 352 ppm Pb solutions as drinking water. After 6, 9, 12, and 15 wk of treatment, rats from each group were sacrificed and in vitro benzene metabolism by benzene hydroxylase was measured in liver enzyme preparations. After 24 wk, the remaining animals were injected ip with 400 mg/kg benzene and urinary phenol levels measured daily for 4 d. The enzyme activity, studied in vitro, was significantly increased in animals that ingested the 352 ppm solution for 6 wk. Also, Pb levels in all groups of animals were significantly higher in tissues from the animals that ingested 352 ppm Pb. Although urinary phenol levels accounted for 30-40% of the ip benzene dose, Pb ingestion had no significant effect on phenol excretion. These results suggested that oral Pb treatments had a significant effect on the enzyme responsible for benzene hydroxylation to phenol. However, other unknown factors appear to compensate for these changes in vivo. PMID- 7265317 TI - Follow-up study on the carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride in rats and mice: tumor incidence and mortality subsequent to exposure. AB - Carcinogenic and other toxic effects in rats and mice were examined during a 12 mo period following exposure to vinyl chloride (VC) or vinylidene chloride (VDC). Exposure of male and female mice to 50, 250, or 1000 ppm VC for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk, for 1, 3, or 6 mo resulted in increased numbers of deaths and increased moribundity at all dose levels during the exposure and postexposure periods, as compared with air-exposed controls. Similar observations were made with rats after 1, 3, 6, or 10 mo exposure to VC. Cumulative tumor incidence at various organ sites also increased in both species during the postexposure period in proportion to dose or duration of exposure at higher dose levels. However, except for mammary gland tumors in female mice, no significant increase in cumulative tumor incidence occurred in either species at 50 ppm VC or 55 ppm VDC, regardless of duration of exposure. These results suggest that exposure to vinyl halides at dose levels lower than those that elicit a significant increase in cancer incidence during the lifetime of the animal may, nonetheless, increase the risk of early death or moribundity from toxic pre- or subcarcinogenic effects. At dose levels higher than those consistent with the physiological defense or repair capabilities of the cell, ultimate tumor incidence becomes proportionate to length of exposure and may reflect the number of carcinogenic events elicited during the exposure period. PMID- 7265318 TI - Toxic effects of acrylamide in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). PMID- 7265319 TI - Acclimation temperature: an important factor in power plant chlorination studies with larval white perch, Morone americana. AB - Larval white perch were subjected to interacting power plant conditions of total residual chlorine (0.00-0.30 mg/l), elevated temperature (2, 6, and 10 degrees C), and exposure time (0.08, 2.0, and 4.0 h) at acclimation temperatures of 15 and 23 degrees C. Mortality observations were conducted up to 96 h after exposure. Acclimation temperature was a significant factor contributing to the effects of simulated power plant conditions during the low and high thermal conditions. Larvae tested at 23 degrees C generally showed greater mortality at all treatment levels than those tested at 15 degrees C. Mortality of test organisms during a 4-h exposure at the higher acclimation temperature was greater than 85% at elevated temperatures greater than 6 degrees C regardless of other treatment factors. Mortalities as low as 30% were observed at the lower acclimation temperature. PMID- 7265320 TI - Effects of brief and intermediate exposures to sulfate submicron aerosols and sulfate injections and cardiopulmonary function of dogs and tracheal mucous velocity of sheep. AB - Pulmonary mechanics of anesthetized dogs were not changed or were minimally altered by breathing the following compounds as submicron aerosols in concentrations up to 17.3 mg/m3 for 7.5 min: (1) sodium chloride (as a control), (2) sodium sulfate, (3) ammonium sulfate, (4) zinc sulfate, (5) zinc ammonium sulfate, (6) ammonium bisulfate, (7) aluminum sulfate, (8) manganese sulfate, (9) nickel sulfate, (10) copper sulfate, (11) ferrous sulfate, and (12) ferric sulfate. Submicron aerosols of these compounds in concentrations of 4.1-8.8 mg/m3, administered for 4 h to anesthetized dogs, did not affect mechanics of breathing, hemodynamics, and arterial blood gases. In conscious sheep, tracheal mucous velocity was not altered by exposure to the submicron aerosols of the sulfate compounds. None of these compounds, injected iv in a dose of 1 mg, had adverse effects on mechanics of breathing, pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics, or arterial blood gases. In 100-mg injections, zinc sulfate and zinc ammonium sulfate produced a fall in cardiac output, systemic hypotension, hypoxemia, and metabolic acidosis. Copper sulfate at this dose produced pulmonary hypertension, a fall in cardiac output, hypoxemia, respiratory acidosis, and a decrease of specific total respiratory conductance. It is concluded that submicron aerosols of sulfate salts do not have adverse cardiopulmonary effects when administered in high concentrations for up to 4 h. However, prolonged exposure to high concentrations of zinc sulfate, zinc ammonium sulfate, and copper sulfate aerosols should be carefully monitored because of the possibility that lower levels of these compounds in the bloodstream for long time period might have adverse cardiopulmonary effects. PMID- 7265321 TI - [Acute toxicity of lentinan in mice and rats (author's transl)]. AB - A new anti-tumor polysaccharide, lentinan (beta-1, 3 Glucan) was studied on the acute toxicities using both sexes of mice (ICR) and rats (CD) treated by intravenously (i.v.) intraperitoneally (i.p.), subcutaneously (s.c.) and orally (p.o). LD50 values in mg/kg body weight were essentially the same regardless of species as well as sexes and estimated as follows: 250-500 (i.v.) greater than 2500 (i.p., s.c., and p.o.). Cyanosis, convulsion and death were observed in both species of animals administered (i.v.) with only higher dosages of lentinan. No remarkable toxic signs being specific from lentinan were observed in any cases of treatment, i.p., s.c., and p.o. Gross findings: enlargement of the spleen (i.v., i.p., s.c.) and coarse nodular surface of the kidney (i.v.) in the both species of animals, erythema of the ears (i.v., i.p., s.c.) in mice, mesenteric petechial hemorrhage of the lung and abdomen (i.v.) enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes (i.v.) and edema of the diaphragm and intestine (i.p.) in rats were observed. In parallel, another sample of lentinan for clinical use prepared by freeze-dried procedure was tested in both sexes of mice and rats treated by i.v. alone, comparing with a original sample mentioned above. So far as the acute toxicities of lentinans concerned, no significant differences between two preparations were observed. PMID- 7265322 TI - [Subacute toxicity study of lentinan in rats. 5-week intravenous treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Male and female JCL : SD rats were treated intravenously with lentinan in 5% mannitol solution at dose levels of 0, 0.03, 3.0 and 30.0 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks. Rats receiving 0.3, 3.0 and 30.0 mg/kg/day showed reddening in ear, tail and scrotum and edema in legs and scrotum after day 3 of treatment. Males receiving 30.0 mg/kg/day gained less body weight than control. Occult blood was found in the urine of rats receiving 30.0 mg/kg/day. With regard to haematology, rats from the treatment groups had low mean values relating to red blood cell count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin, while high white blood cell count were recorded for these rats. Biochemical examinations revealed decreases in albumin level and A/G ratio and increases in beta-globulin and gamma-globulin levels for rats from the treatment groups. Slightly high values of BUN were showed for rats receiving 30.0 mg/kg/day. Organ weight analysis showed dose-dependent increase in the spleen, liver and adrenal. Histopathological changes attributable to treatment included (1) changes in reticuloendothelial system such as proliferation of reticular cells and micronodule of epithelioid cells in the spleen, liver and lymph nodes; (2) arteritis in many organs especially notable in epididymis, intestines and mesentery; (3) haemorrhagic changes in lung, intestines and urinary bladder and secondary changes such as increased chronic nephropathy, hypospermatogenesis, spermatic granuloma in epididymis and granulomatous inflammation in ear, tail and scrotum. The maxim safe dose was estimated to be smaller than 0.03 mg/kg/day for males and 0.03 mg/kg/day for females in the present study. PMID- 7265323 TI - [Intravenous chronic toxicity of lentinan in rats: 6-month treatment and 3-month recovery (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic toxicity of lentinan was studied in male and female JCL : SD rats. Lentinan was given intravenously into tail vein. Dosage levels employed were 0 (5% mannitol), 0.01, 0.1, 1 (with or without dextran), and 10 mg/kg/day for 6 months in a volume of 1 ml/100 g body weight. After 6 months, the treatment was discontinued and a recovery study was performed for 3 months. Rats receiving 10 mg/kg had redness and necrosis of the tail, the treatment was stopped at week 5, and the rats were sacrificed. Rats receiving 1 mg/kg showed redness of the ear, tail, and scrotum, which was remarkable in the 2nd and 3rd months. Body weight gains were not adversely affected. Laboratory examinations revealed an increase in leukocyte count, decreases in differential eosinophil count and platelet count, and an increase in serum beta-globulin level in drug-treated rats. At autopsy after 6 months, rats from the drug-treated groups had pulmonary hemorrhage and enlargements of the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Histologic changes attributable to treatment included (1) activation of reticulo-endothelial system such as small epithelioid cell nodule in the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes, and mobilization of Kupffer cells; (2) arteritis in various organs, especially notable in the spleen, testis, and epididymis ; (3) hemorrhage in the lung; and (4) hypospermatogenesis. All these changes described above had a propensity to recover. The maximum no effect level was estimated to be less than 0.01 mg/kg in the present study in male and female rats. PMID- 7265324 TI - [Fate of lentinan (antitumor polysaccharide) I : - fate of lentinan in mice, rats, and dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Fate of lentinan, which is one of antitumor polysaccharides, was investigated with 3H-lentinan. 3H-lentinan was prepared by Wilzbach 3H gas exposure labeling, then purified by the gel filtration chromatography. 1) After a single intravenous injection of 3H-lentinan, radioactivity in plasma declined in a biphasic process. 2) There were urinary and fecal excretion, but expiratory excretion was a small proportion. 3) The radioactivity was predominantly incorporated into the liver and spleen, indicating selective retention of the lentinan in reticuloendothelial system cells. On the other hand the level of radioactivity in the lung and kidneys was dropped rapidly. 4) We can not find the selective incorporation of radioactivity into the tumor. 5) There was no species difference on the distribution of lentinan among mouse, rat and dog. 6) These results obtained were similar to other polysaccharides and immunologic antitumor agents. PMID- 7265325 TI - [Fate of lentinan (antitumor polysaccharide) II : - fast of methyl lentinan in rats (author's transl)]. AB - 3H-labeled lentinan was prepared by methylation with 3H-dimethyl-sulfate. Blood level, distribution and excretion were studied in rats. After intravenous injection of [methyl-3H] -methyl lentinan, radioactivity rapidly disappeared from blood, lung and kidney, distributed mainly in liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. There was urinary excretion, but expiratory excretion was a small proportion. In the case of multi-injection of [methyl-3H] -methyl lentinan distribution of radioactivity was similar to a single injection, but retention of 3H was less than a single injection. Bile excretion and transport to fetuses and milk were in mere trace amounts. No substantial difference was found between two types of the 3H-labeled lentinan in either the distribution or excretion. PMID- 7265326 TI - Distribution, elimination and retention of styrene in rats. AB - In rats exposed to styrene for 4 hours, the rate constant of elimination and biological half life of styrene were 0.11 and about 6 hours for adipose tissue, and 0.3 to 0.4 and about 2 hours for the other tissues, respectively. The relative ratio of apparent distribution of styrene decreased in the order adipose tissue much greater than liver greater than brain greater than kidney greater than blood not equal to spleen greater than muscle. Almost the same results were obtained in the experiment by intraperitoneal injection of styrene. Repeated 4 hour exposures at about 700 ppm daily for five days caused the results similar to those in a single exposure. A trend of increase in concentration of styrene was observed in adipose tissue by 5 successive intraperitoneal injections every 6 hours at a dose of 350 mg/kg. PMID- 7265327 TI - Increase of beta-glucuronidase activity in the serum of rats administered organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. AB - An approximately 50-fold increase in serum beta-glucuronidase activity appeared 2 hours after the administration of such organophosphate insecticides as dichlorvs, diazinon and disulfoton and of a carbamate insecticide, carbaryl. The activities of other acid hydrolases in the serum such as ribonuclease, acid phosphatase, hyaluronidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase did not change significantly after the insecticide treatment. The response was related to the dose level and was evident after a single intraperitoneal dose of diazinon as low as 1.6 mg/kg. This appearence of an increase in beta-glucuronidase was retarded by pretreatment with SKF 525A, an inhibitor of drug metabolizing enzyme. When beta-glucuronidase was elevated by a large dose of diazinon, full response to a second dose of diazinon did not occur until approximately one month after administration of the first dose. PMID- 7265328 TI - [On the chronic toxicity of labetalol (AH-5158); a combined alpha-and beta adrenoceptor-blocking agent (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic toxicity and recovery tests of labetalol hydrochloride, alpha-and beta adrenoceptor blocking agent, were carried out using male and female Wistar strain rats. The drug was orally administered at 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg/day for 9 months. In all the drug-treated groups, increase in salivation was observed from immediately after to 15 minutes after dosing through treatment period. Suppression of body weight gain was observed in male rats in the 200 mg/kg/day group. Food comsumption tended to be higher in all the drug-treated groups than in the control group. Similar trend was seen also in water comsumption, and increase in urine volume was noted in the groups treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg/day. In the serum biochemical examination, dose-dependent elevation in potassium level was noted in all drug-treated groups, but the values were within the range of physiological variation. In the 100 and 200 mg/kg/day groups, an increase was observed in the absolute heart weight and in its relative weight against body weight. Major abnormalities found in histopathological findings were; swelling of parenchymatous cells in liver and kidney, swelling of fibers and swelling or proliferation of interstitial cells in cardiac and skeletal muscles, and congestion in spleen. No notable abnormality was found in any examination item in the recovery test. PMID- 7265329 TI - Experimental electrical injury studies. AB - Voltages from 10 to 14,000 volts demonstrated currents up to 70 amperes with resistances of approximately 200 ohms in studies in hogs. Below 1,000 volts, a current reduction is observed following arcing and skin necrosis. At the higher voltages, this phenomenon was not observed. The energy required for tissue damage was dependent upon the voltage and time of application. The tissue electrode resistance with stainless steel disc was proportional to the diameter. Skin buring commenced at the periphery of the electrodes and moved inwards. For application of currents between the hindlimbs of the hog, the current per tissue cross-section was greatest in artery and nerve, followed by muscle, fat, bone marrow, and bone cortex. PMID- 7265330 TI - Impaired restitution of blood volume after large hemorrhage. AB - Previous studies have suggested that increases in extracellular osmolality mediate a shift of intracellular fluid into the interstitium following 10% hemorrhage. This unidirectional fluid movement is required for full restitution of blood volume (BV) and for cardiovascular stabilization. The extent to which this mechanisms acts in larger hemorrhages was examined in these studies. Forty two dogs were studies 3 weeks after splenectomy. Twenty were anesthetized with pentobarbital, the others were studied awake. Hemorrhages of 10% (7.5 ml/kg, 15 dogs), 20% (15 ml/kg, 13 dogs), and 30% (22.5 ml/kg, 15 dogs) were carried out over 3 minutes. Patterns of changes in osmolality, total plasma protein content, and blood volume were identical in the two groups, although osmolality was significantly greater during the first 2 hours in anesthetized dogs. Osmolality increased with increasing degrees of hemorrhage, providing an increasing driving force for fluid shifts. Restitution of BV was significantly greater after 20% hemorrhage than after 10% hemorrhage. However, restitution of BV after 30% hemorrhage was no greater than after 10% hemorrhage. Patterns of protein restitution paralleled changes in BV. Cunningham, Shires, and Wagner (7) reported fluid shifts into cells after a 30% hemorrhage associated with a fall in membrane potential. It thus appears likely that a fluid shift out of cells in response to increased osmolality is offset by shifts into cells as the magnitude of hemorrhage becomes large. This failure of homeostatic restoration of BV with consequent failure of cardiovascular stabilization may represent an early event in the development of hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7265331 TI - Effect of prolonged starvation on reticuloendothelial function and survival following trauma. AB - The effects of prolonged starvation on reticuloendothelial system (RE) function and on the survival of animals following trauma were studied. Rats were fasted for 51/2 days (water ad lib) after which a two-cm midline incision was made and the cecum ligated (CL). Food and water were allowed 36 h after CL and survival was measured over 5 days. The mortality rate in these animals was 60% (15/25) compared to 0% (0/15) in CL rats fasted for 24 h. Starvation alone for 7 days did not produce any deaths but after 11 days of starvation mortality was 100%. Another group of animals were fasted for 51/2 days and were used to study RE function 10 h following CL. There was no significant difference in the intravascular clearance rates in injected lipid emulsion in various groups of animals, indicating that total phagocytic function was not changed by prolonged starvation plus CL (SCL). However, emulsion retention in the spleen, expressed as per cent injected dose per gm tissue, decreased by 53% and the lung retention increased by 988% following SLC. Serum GOT levels were not affected by prolonged starvation alone; however, SCL resulted in its elevation (37 vs. 82 IU/ml). Hepatic ATP levels (micromoles/g) decreased from 2.47 to 1.95 following 51/2 days starvation and following SCL, it decreased to 1.75. These results indicate that the increased metabolic demand following trauma (i.e., CL), coupled with prolonged starvation, altered RE function with splenic lipid emulsion uptake decreasing and pulmonary uptake increasing. The relationship of these findings to immune function remains to be determined. Although the precise cause of increased mortality is not known, altered metabolic and RE function may play a role. PMID- 7265332 TI - Injuries sustained from high velocity impact with water: an experience from the Golden Gate Bridge. AB - Over 720 persons are reported to have died jumping from the Golden Gate Bridge. A review of 100 consecutive autopsies showed that, in the majority of cases, massive pulmonary contusion, pneumothorax, laceration or perforation of the heart, great vessels, or lungs by displaced ribs were the causes of immediate death. Irreparable fractures of the liver or spleen were the most common abdominal injuries. The persons fatally injured appeared to have entered the water in a horizontal position, experiencing maximal deceleration. In contrast, six survivors entered the water feet first with more gradual deceleration. These survivors remained conscious but sustained similar injuries of lesser degree; only one sustained rib fractures. Fifty per cent had fractures of the liver or spleen requiring operative therapy. Fifty per cent sustained lung contusions and subsequent pneumothoraces. Suspicion of underlying injuries to the liver, spleen, and lungs is essential during resuscitation of those who survive impact with water. PMID- 7265333 TI - Thermodilution right ventricular volume: a novel and better predictor of volume replacement in acute thermal injury. AB - Management of acutely burned patients requires intense but meticulous fluid therapy. Indicators of satisfactory resuscitation include: intravascular and arterial pressures and urine output. The usefulness of these parameters as a predictor of cardiac index (CI) has not been tested. Compared to central venous pressure, right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) may give a closer approximation of the preload of the right ventricle. Modifying the pulmonary artery (PA) catheter and using the thermodilution technique we measured RVEDV and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) as well as the classical parameters in 16 patients of mean age 39.3 years and of mean body surface area burn 75.2%. CI best correlated with RVEDV (r = 0.75). Mean PA pressure, wedge pressure, RV end diastolic pressure, and urine output correlated poorly with CI (r = 0.36, 0.32, 0.27, and 0.26, respectively). Unlike atrial pressures the RVEDV and RVEF are unaffected by malpositioning of transducers, airway pressure, and compliance changes of the ventricle. The measurement of RVEDV is a useful clinical tool for the assessment of preload and when used in combination with RVEF may indicate the need for inotropy. PMID- 7265334 TI - Methodological considerations in the use of the abbreviated injury scale in trauma epidemiology. AB - As part of an incidence study of external cause-specific trauma, the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) are being used to measure the severity of the anatomic injuries. Problems identified in the study pilot phase by medical record specialists, after training in AIS procedures, include noteworthy variations in the interpretation of scaling procedures in the AIS dictionary. The AIS dictionary was replaced by a newly designed single page (SP) precoded abstracting form. It contains alphabetical descriptors for each trauma type within a body region and a unique 3-digit identifier assigned to each. The AIS severity codes are not mentioned on the form. Abstractors are instructed to code all injuries for an episode. A computer algorithm has been developed and implemented to assign the AIS severity codes. Accuracy and precision improved markedly by eliminating the need to make severity scoring decisions during the AIS coding process. PMID- 7265335 TI - Chemical debridement of burns: mercaptans. AB - Experiments were conducted using non-enzymatic chemical agents (with emphasis on certain mercaptans), alone, in conjunction with enzymatic agents and/or other nonenzymatic chemicals for debridement of burns. Both in vitro (rats, pigs, humans) and in vivo (rats, pigs) tests were carried out. N-acetylcysteine, penicillamine and cysteine ethyl ester in low to moderate concentrations accelerate the debriding action of bromelain (an enzymatic preparation from pineapple stems) and in higher concentrations, N-acetylcysteine and penicillamine (cysteine ethyl ester was not tested) cause ready separation of the burn eschar from the underlying tissue before solubilization of the eschar is complete (rat) or has occurred (pig). Debridement of 3 degree burns of rats is complete within 4 6 hours; the take of immediately applied syngeneic skin grafts is complete and permanent. This is first time rapid debridement of 3 degree burns permitting immediate successful skin grafting has been accomplished with known defined chemicals. In pigs there is softening of the 3 degree burn eschar by N acetylcysteine but little, if any, dissolution of the eschar. However, mechanical separation of the eschar from the underlying tissue is accomplished readily with a wooden throat stick with no bleeding. There is a change in color of the superficial layer of the underlying subcutaneous tissue from yellow-light brown to dark brown-black. The debrided areas begin to granulate promptly. The healing of deep dermal burns of pigs is hastened by the application of N-acetylcysteine for a day (beginning 24 hours after burning) while the healing of moderately deep dermal burns is not modified. Unburned skin is not damaged. There is no apparent systemic toxicity associated with the use of N-acetylcysteine for debridement of 10-15% b.s.a. 3 degree burns of rats or 15-20% b.s.a. 3 degree burns of pigs. Major emphasis has been on N-acetylcysteine because of the potential adverse secondary effect of penicillamine and cysteine ethyl ester; N-acetylcysteine is readily metabolized. The use of a keratolytic agent prior to the application of N acetylcysteine hastens the latter's action. Sulfamylon and sulfadiazine can be used with N-acetylcysteine without interfering with its debriding action. The effects of the mercaptans are likely due largely to their ability to depolymerize connective tissue proteoglycans and proteins, especially at the interface between living and dead tissue. PMID- 7265336 TI - Toxic shock syndrome in a male postoperative patient. AB - A patient is described who postoperatively developed a clinical syndrome characteristic of toxic shock syndrome following amputation of a previously injured finger. A small stitch abscess was identified which grew Staphylococcus aureus. The patient became ill within 12 hours of surgery, suggesting that a small inoculum of a toxic shock-producing strain of S. aureus can produce the clinical syndrome. PMID- 7265337 TI - Suprascapular nerve injury following trauma to the shoulder. AB - Four cases of suprascapular nerve injury following various types of trauma are reported. This nerve is subject to damage where it passes through the suprascapular notch. Initially, main complaints are vague shoulder area pain, weakness in shoulder abduction and external rotation, followed by atrophy of the shoulder girdle muscles innervated by the suprascapular nerve. Electromyography confirms the diagnosis. The literature was reviewed for possible mechanisms of the suprascapular nerve injury, which should not be confused with cervical radiculopathy, brachial plexopathy, or rotator cuff injury. Early active and passive range of motion exercises are recommended, to retard muscle atrophy and prevent secondary joint problems. If regeneration does not occur, surgical exploration should be considered. PMID- 7265338 TI - Immunologic sequelae of thermal injury. PMID- 7265339 TI - Second conference on supportive therapy in burn care. Infection. PMID- 7265340 TI - Second conference on supportive therapy in burn care. Fluid resuscitation. PMID- 7265341 TI - Second conference on supportive therapy in burn care. Metabolism. PMID- 7265342 TI - Second conference on supportive therapy in burn care. Smoke inhalation. PMID- 7265343 TI - Second therapy on supportive therapy in burn care. NIGMS activities related to trauma and burn research. PMID- 7265344 TI - Banyusidi village water supply: a case study of project implementation and utilization in rural Indonesia. PMID- 7265345 TI - Clinical diabetes mellitus in Pakistan. AB - The profile of clinical diabetes in Pakistani patients was studied by doing a retrospective analysis of 1000 patients registered in a diabetic clinic between 1972 and 1976. There was a female preponderance, and 50% of the patients were overweight. The distribution of patients in the two major types of diabetes was: juvenile, 22(2.2%), and maturity onset type, 948(94.8%); 37 patients amongst the latter group had the onset of diabetes at a younger age and 129 were underweight. In the remaining 30 patients (3%), diabetes mellitus was insulin dependent showing relative insulin resistance without any tendency to ketosis. The major complications of diabetes and associated conditions included ischaemic heart disease (8.5%), retinopathy (11%), nephropathy (8.6%), neuropathy (17.9%), hypertension (26.4%) and cataracts (16.4%). In contrast to the experience in western countries, peripheral vascular disease was rare being present in only one patient (0.1%). There were only three patients with cerebrovascular disease of which two had associated hypertension. It may be of interest to monitor the changes in the profile of diabetes in those migrating from this subcontinent to more temperate areas. PMID- 7265346 TI - Single dose regime of mebendazole in the treatment of polyparasitism in children. PMID- 7265347 TI - Ophthalmic needs of Nigerian factory workers. AB - In a survey of two factories the potential ocular hazards identified were metal and other foreign body injuries, molten metal injury, radiation effects to the eye and chronic conjunctival irritation from cotton fluff in the atmosphere. Although protective eye devices were provided, they were not often worn, this failure resulting in six ocular accidents. It is recommended that nurses be trained to carry out the initial treatment of ocular accidents and the importance of accident records stressed. Reasons for the importance of preliminary ocular screening of workers are highlighted. Prevention of ocular accidents must be comprehensive to be effective and must necessarily involve management as well as employees. PMID- 7265349 TI - Septate junctions of the phylum Hemichordata. PMID- 7265348 TI - Anti-measles IgM in healthy adult Nigerians. AB - Measles is a common and serious disease of children in Nigeria. In the present study sera from healthy adult Nigerians were titrated for anti-measles haemagglutination inhibiting antibody, and for levels of anti-measles HI IgM antibody. Of those tested, 43.6% showed anti-measles antibody activity without specific IgM, while 30.8% showed both total antibody and specific IgM activity. The presence of anti-measles IgM implies recent contact with the virus. The implication of such recent subclinical infections of adults in the transmission of the virus to susceptible children is discussed. PMID- 7265350 TI - Cell contacts in the kidney epithelium of Helisoma (Mollusca: Gastropoda)- effects of osmotic pressure and brain extracts: a freeze-fracture study. PMID- 7265352 TI - Assembly of occlusion-body proteins around the enveloped virion of an insect baculovirus. PMID- 7265351 TI - The inflammatory macrophage--concanavalin A interaction: a thin-section and scanning electron microscopy and laser Doppler electrophoretic investigation of surface events. PMID- 7265353 TI - Redistribution of intramembrane particles related to acetylcholine release by cholinergic synaptosomes. PMID- 7265354 TI - Colcemid-induced micronucleation in cultured human cells. PMID- 7265355 TI - Gap junctional structure in intact and cut sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers: a freeze-fracture study of Ca2+-induced resealing. PMID- 7265356 TI - Renal brush biopsy: survey of indications, techniques and results. AB - Urine cytology is inaccurate in the diagnosis of low grade tumors of the ureter and pelvis. In 1973 the retrograde brush biopsy technique was introduced in an effort to improve diagnostic capabilities. We herein review our experience with retrograde brushing of upper urinary tract radiolucent filling defects in 21 patients during a 6-year period. In addition, we have surveyed other urologists concerning their experience with this new technique. The data accrued from both sources, involving 68 procedures, were analyzed with respect to the results, technique and complications of this procedure. In lesions from which tissue was obtained we found an over-all diagnostic accuracy rate of 78 per cent. The major and minor complication rates were 7 and 34 per cent, respectively. Our results support the conclusion that this procedure is of value in the management of selected patients with problem radiolucent filling defects of the renal pelvis and ureter. PMID- 7265357 TI - Bilharzial hydronephrosis: a clinicoradiological study. AB - I have studied 68 patients with hydronephrosis. Except when complicated by infection, calculosis, cancer and severe strictures, function at excretory urography was relatively good even in advanced cases of hydronephrosis. In Zambia, Central Africa the intensity of infection and the disordered ureteral motility are the most important factors in the pathogenesis of bilharzial hydronephrosis. In other countries strictures, calculosis, ureteroceles, vesicoureteral reflux and bladder cancer apparently are more significant in these cases. Since reimplantation of the ureters usually fails because of fibrosis conservative treatment is advocated with periodic dilation of troublesome stricture(s). This is especially true since supra-infection is rare even after repeated surgical procedures. The importance of geographical variations of the disease and the relevance to clinical management are stressed. PMID- 7265358 TI - The influence of simultaneous resection of bladder tumors and prostate on the occurrence of prostatic urethral tumors. AB - The records of 137 patients who underwent simultaneous transurethral resection of bladder tumors and the prostate were compared to those of 150 patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors only. The data presented provide no evidence that simultaneous resection of bladder tumors with the prostate affects adversely the incidence of tumor occurrences in the prostatic urethra. PMID- 7265359 TI - Improved human chorionic gonadotropin detection with carboxyl-terminal radioimmunoassay of the beta subunit on concentrated 24-hour urine in patients with testicular cancer. AB - The value of measuring serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin in detecting and monitoring testicular cancer has been demonstrated convincingly. In this study the human chorionic gonadotropin was extracted by the kaolin-acetone procedure from 24-hour urine specimens and the total volume of the extract was adjusted to 15 ml. With a highly specific immunoassay system (H93) that recognizes the unique carboxyl-terminal peptide of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (residue numbers 123 to 145) as described previously, the urinary human chorionic gonadotropin was measured serially in 32 patients of 15 patients with initially human chorionic gonadotropin-producing testicular tumors. These 15 patients had simultaneous measurements of serum human chorionic gonadotropin using an antiserum against the beta subunit (Sb6) and urinary human chorionic gonadotropin concentrates using H93 radioimmunoassay. The initial serum hormone levels of these 15 patients were elevated and returned to normal after therapy. However, despite this occurrence the urinary hormone levels also were elevated. The initial 5 patients with elevated urinary but normal serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels had recurrence. The use of this highly specific radioimmunoassay in measuring urinary human chorionic gonadotropin coupled with effective chemotherapeutic agents has been valuable in selecting patients in whom further therapy is warranted despite normal serum human chorionic gonadotropin and clinically undetectable tumor. PMID- 7265360 TI - Vasectomy and coronary disease in men less than 50 years old: absence of association. AB - Because recent experiments in primates suggest a relationship between vasectomy, and the development and promotion of atherosclerosis a case control study was performed to explore this possibility in humans. The prevalence of prior vasectomy was determined in 55 men less than 50 years old with onset of documented coronary disease and in a matched control group of close relatives (45 brothers and 10 first cousins) free of coronary disease. The prevalence was the same in each group, 25.5 per cent (14 of 55), and there was no significant difference between study groups in the mean interval since vasectomy. Thus, within the limitations of this study no association of coronary disease with prior vasectomy was found. Further work is needed to evaluate whether the animal findings pertain to humans. PMID- 7265361 TI - Vas micro-anastomosis. Fundamentals and modifications. AB - A study was undertaken to investigate 3 aspects of 2-layers vas reversal: 1) to determine an appropriate suture size for each layer, 2) to modify available instruments to make them more suitable for vas reversal surgery and 3) to devise a technique for a surgeon to perform alone. PMID- 7265363 TI - Endoscopic surgery: a new teaching method. AB - A new method of teaching endoscopic surgery with a canine model is described. Its main advantage over the few existing methods is that it best reproduces the events of the human transurethral resection. PMID- 7265362 TI - Percutaneous pelvic lymph node aspiration in carcinoma of the prostate. AB - We report on 121 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate who underwent lymphangiography and, when indicated, subsequent fine needle aspiration biopsy of lymph nodes. The clinical staging correlation with this procedure reveals an assumed falsely negative rate of 5 to 15 per cent. The falsely positive rate is 0. This procedure is essentially without morbidity and has allowed us to stage more confidently prostatic cancer and make appropriate therapeutic recommendations. PMID- 7265364 TI - Surgical management of "pus-pot" perineum. AB - Ten cases of disabling "pus-pot" perineum secondary to hidradenitis suppurativa, urethral stricture disease, condyloma acuminatum and anoperineal fistula were treated by wide excision of involved tissues. In 7 men the testicles were transposed to thigh pouches, and in 3 the entire penile skin was excised and replaced with a skin graft. PMID- 7265365 TI - The bulbocavernosus reflex in urology: a prospective study of 299 patients. AB - Bulbocavernosus reflex was evaluated clinically in 299 patients during a routine urodynamic evaluation and compared to the electromyographic demonstration of the reflex. The findings were correlated with the neurologic status of the patients. There were 127 patients who were normal neurologically, and 98 per cent of the male and 81 per cent of the female patients in this group had a normal bulbocavernosus reflex clinically. All of the male and 92 per cent of the female patients had a bulbocavernosus reflex demonstrated by electromyography. There were 73 patients with neurologic lesions involving the sacral spinal cord. All patients with a complete lesion had absent bulbocavernosus reflexes clinically and on electromyography, while 44 per cent of the patients with incomplete sacral lesions had an intact bulbocavernosus reflex clinically and 78 per cent had reflex demonstrated by electromyography. There were 99 patients with neurologic lesions of the spinal cord above the sacral outflow, and 90 per cent of this group had demonstrable bulbocavernosus reflexes clinically and 93 per cent had the reflex demonstrated by electromyography. It is concluded that the absence of a bulbocavernosus reflex in a male patient is indicative of a neurologic lesion involving the sacral spinal cord and is highly suggestive of such a lesion in a female patient. The presence of a normal bulbocavernosus reflex in either sex does not rule out the possibility of a significant lesion. The electromyographic demonstration of the bulbocavernosus reflex is more sensitive than the clinical one. PMID- 7265366 TI - Functional voiding disorders in men. AB - A total of 47 men who complained of recurrent voiding symptoms and/or peri genital pain syndrome of obscure etiology underwent neuro-urologic evaluation. Results of urodynamic assessment were divided into 3 groups: bladder areflexia with nonrelaxing perineal floor (50 per cent), bladder hyperreflexia (36 per cent) and normal studies (14 per cent). Pain symptoms were reproduced during bladder filling or contraction in 45 per cent of the patients. Treatment was according to the type of urodynamic abnormality demonstrated, resulting in a 77 per cent improvement rate. The concept of functional voiding disturbance and its relation to chronic prostatitis are discussed. PMID- 7265367 TI - Urodynamics: promises, promises, promises. PMID- 7265369 TI - The significance of bacilluria in children on long-term intermittent catheterization. AB - We reviewed the records of 255 children who have been managed by clean intermittent catheterization during the last 10 years to determine the incidence of bacilluria and upper tract changes. Bacteriuria was documented in 56 per cent of the children but febrile urinary tract infections occurred in only 11 per cent and fresh renal damage in 2.6 per cent. In the absence of vesicoureteral reflux bacilluria proved to be innocuous, since vesicoureteral reflux, progressive hydronephrosis or increasing parenchymal scarring did not develop. Bacteriuria in association with low grade reflux was rarely harmful and the reflux actually disappeared in up to 50 per cent of cases. However, bacteriuria in patients with high grade reflux was not an innocent phenomenon, since not only did the reflux tend to persist but pyelonephritis occurred in more than 60 per cent of the patients. In this latter group of patients reimplantation is an important therapeutic consideration if sterile urine cannot be achieved. PMID- 7265368 TI - Ureteral ectopia in infants and children. AB - The diagnosis of ureteral ectopia may be suspected in the girl who wets constantly or in the young boy with epididymitis. More commonly, however, the diagnosis is made during evaluation of the child with urinary tract infection. The ectopic ureter is most often associated with a poorly functioning dysplastic upper pole of a duplex collecting system and in this instance it is best managed by upper pole heminephrectomy and partial ureterectomy. When associated with a single collecting system, ureteral reimplantation can often be performed if salvageable function is demonstrated by a preoperative renal scan. Based on our experience with 48 ectopic ureters in 41 children operated on during the last 11 years, the correlation of the diagnostic findings and surgical approaches to this entity are discussed. PMID- 7265370 TI - Triamterene nephrolithiasis complicating dyazide therapy. AB - A case of triamterene nephrolithiasis is reported in a man after 4 years of hydrochlorothiazide-triamterene therapy for hypertension. The stone passed spontaneously and was found to contain a triamterene metabolite admixed with uric acid salts. Factors affecting triamterene nephrolithiasis are discussed and 2 previously reported cases are reviewed. PMID- 7265371 TI - Free supernumerary kidney: a case report and review. AB - We report a case of a free supernumerary kidney, which was asymptomatic. Excretory urography and angiography showed 3 separate kidneys. PMID- 7265372 TI - Therapeutic renal artery occlusion with a detachable balloon. AB - The use of a new detachable balloon for renal artery occlusion is described. Successful treatment of renal lesions in 5 patients, including 2 tumors, 2 arteriovenous fistulas and 1 case of malignant hypertension with renal failure, is reported. PMID- 7265373 TI - Congenital renal arteriovenous malformation: ultrasonic appearance. AB - We report a case in which a congenital renal arteriovenous fistula was detected using gray scale ultrasonography and arteriographically confirmed. This abnormality should be considered when renal ultrasonography reveals anechoic structures located centrally or peripherally within the kidney in association with an enlarged renal vein. PMID- 7265374 TI - Multicentric renal oncocytoma. AB - Renal cell oncocytomas are benign tumors of tubular epithelial origin. They usually occur as single nodules and may be confused clinically with renal cell carcinoma. We report an unusual case of multiple, discrete renal cell oncocytomas. The characteristic gross and light microscopic, and ultrastructural features are described. The potential of multicentricity is confirmed and its implications for therapy are discussed. PMID- 7265375 TI - Solitary pelvic kidney and neuroblastoma in a child. AB - We describe a case of a solitary pelvic kidney coexisting with adrenal and pelvic neuroblastoma in a child with multiple malformations, including microcephaly, hypertelorism, aortic coarctation and a bifid uterus. The association of a solitary kidney and neuroblastoma has not been reported previously. PMID- 7265376 TI - Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - We evaluated 4 patients with surgically proved retroperitoneal fibrosis by computerized tomography and ultrasound. Retroperitoneal fibrosis was diagnosed correctly in all 4 patients by computerized tomography but was detected by ultrasound in only 1. On computerized tomography, retroperitoneal fibrosis demonstrated a characteristic soft tissue mass enveloping the abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava and ureters. Computerized tomography was capable of detecting the abnormality with greater reliability than ultrasound, and was far superior in delineating the extent of the process and its relation to adjacent abdominal structures. Computerized tomography is the method of choice in the preoperative evaluation evaluation of retroperitoneal fibrosis. It also is anticipated that computerized tomography will prove equally useful in the postoperative followup of this disease. PMID- 7265377 TI - Carcinoma in the defunctionalized urinary tract. AB - Carcinoma developing in the lower urinary tract diverted from the urinary stream, although uncommon, does occur and must be sought carefully in the presence of intractable pyocystis. Our experience with this condition is presented with emphasis on early diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7265378 TI - Urologic abnormalities in Menkes' syndrome. AB - Menkes' syndrome, a rare sex-linked disorder of copper metabolism, has been found to be associated with a high incidence of urologic abnormalities. Bladder diverticula were present in 3 of 4 patients reviewed. Management of incomplete bladder emptying and consequent urinary tract infection is discussed. PMID- 7265379 TI - Lymphoma of the penis. PMID- 7265380 TI - Malignant mesothelioma of the testicular tunic. AB - Mesotheliomas are neoplasms arising from the serous membranes lining the body cavities. One such cavity, the tunica vaginalis propria testis, is a common site for development of the benign mesothelioma, the adenomatoid tumor. However, the malignant mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm in this region. We report a case of a malignant mesothelioma of the testicular tunic. We review briefly the history of malignant mesothelioma, compare it with the adenomatoid tumor and discuss the possible embryologic histogenesis of these tumors. PMID- 7265382 TI - Bladder carcinoma. PMID- 7265381 TI - Traumatic organized hematoma of the spermatic cord. AB - We report a case of an organized hematoma of the spermatic cord, resulting from direct blunt injury, and review the literature related to this condition. The probable factors accounting for the infrequent occurrence of this lesion in association with external genital trauma are discussed. PMID- 7265383 TI - From the NCHTC: Evaluation of therapeutic apheresis for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7265384 TI - Hyperbaric oxygenation therapy now making "careful comeback'. PMID- 7265385 TI - Some skeptics become oxygen therapy "converts'. PMID- 7265386 TI - From the NIH: The "pill' receives mixed reviews in latest report of Walnut Creek study. PMID- 7265388 TI - The science of limitations. PMID- 7265387 TI - From the NIH: NIH establishes patient registry to evaluate continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7265390 TI - Glomerulonephritis in Behcet's syndrome. PMID- 7265389 TI - Croup vs epiglottitis vs tracheitis. PMID- 7265391 TI - Pseudohypertension mimicking a hypertensive emergency. PMID- 7265392 TI - Ultrasonography before abortion? PMID- 7265393 TI - False-positive test for protein using dipsticks: contamination with chlorhexidine antiseptic. PMID- 7265394 TI - Atropine and cardiac arrest. PMID- 7265395 TI - Radiation and cancer. PMID- 7265396 TI - Of breath and spirits. PMID- 7265397 TI - The esophageal obturator airway. A critique. AB - The esophageal obturator airway (EOA) has been used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation since 1973. The device is inserted into the esophagus and isolates the stomach from the airways by an occlusive balloon located below the tracheal bifurcation. It aims to prevent gastrointestinal inflation and regurgitation and to provide ventilation. A critique and literature review point out the speed and ease of insertion (5 s), short training period, and efficacy as it relates to blood gases and tidal volumes, which are comparable with those obtained with endotracheal intubation. Complications, including esophageal trauma and tracheal entry, are discussed, indicating their low incidence. As optimal endoscopic facilities are often unavailable at the site of cardiopulmonary arrest, the use of the EOA by trained personnel as an alternative or preceding technique is advocated. PMID- 7265398 TI - Single high-dose pyridoxine treatment for isoniazid overdose. AB - We treated five isoniazid-overdosed patients each with a single dose of pyridoxine hydrochloride equivalent to the gram amount of isoniazid ingested and compared their outcome with that of 41 patients from the literature who received little or no pyridoxine. Recurrent seizures occurred in 60% of patients who had received no pyridoxine vs 0% in our patients. Metabolic acidosis resolved in our cases but was refractory in the literature cases. In our cases, coma lightened more rapidly and was of shorter duration as compared with that in the literature cases (mean, seven hours vs 24 hours). No adverse effects of pyridoxine were seen in our patients. PMID- 7265400 TI - The hot bath test in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7265399 TI - Use of lumbar spine films. Statistical evaluation at a university teaching hospital. AB - Use of lumbar spine films was evaluated in a retrospective review of 1,095 lumbar radiological examinations in 871 patients. Patients' histories and physical examination findings were correlated with four groups of radiological findings: (1) radiologically normal, (2) incidental findings unrelated to patients' complaints, (3) diagnostic films compatible with symptoms, and (4) radiological findings of questionable clinical significance. The high percentage of nondiagnostic and questionable results suggests overuse of lumbar spine films. Forty-six percent of all studies in this investigation were normal or had incidental findings, and an additional 31.8% had radiological findings of questionable clinical significance. Three hundred seventy-five follow-up examinations (64.2%) demonstrated no radiological interval changes. Radiation exposure and medical cost of noncontributory studies may be substantially reduced by judicious consideration of the potential diagnostic yield of the examination and by careful selection of repeated or follow-up studies. PMID- 7265401 TI - Failure of computed tomographic scanning to demonstrate subdural empyema. PMID- 7265402 TI - Polymyositis associated with malignant histiocytosis. PMID- 7265403 TI - The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7265404 TI - Cancer of the endolarynx. PMID- 7265405 TI - HBO: new chambers, some growing pains. PMID- 7265407 TI - Hepatobiliary scan and acute cholecystitis: Bayesian analysis of data. PMID- 7265406 TI - HBO can interact with preexisting patient conditions. PMID- 7265408 TI - Survival in hereditary breast and colon cancer. PMID- 7265409 TI - Development of of pseudoanemia in marathon runners during a 20-day road race. AB - We measured RBC count, blood hemoglobin concentration, and related hematologic factors in 12 male marathon runners during a 20-day, 312-mile road race. The RBC and hemoglobin levels decreased significantly, from 5.17 million per cubic millimeter and 16.0 g/dL, respectively, to 4.36 million per cubic millimeter and 13.4 g/dL. Although the runners became marginally anemic during the race, their running speeds were not significantly changed. There were no abnormal clinical signs other than rare instances of hematuria. This study indicates that a sudden increase in long-distance running mileage above the regular training level may cause "sports anemia," a functional pseudoanemia that, in mild cases, does not impair endurance performance. PMID- 7265410 TI - Scald burns from hot tap water. AB - Hot tap water is a common source of household burn injury. The charts of all patients hospitalized for tap water scalds in Dane County, Wisconsin, during a ten-year period were reviewed. Of 33 patients, 29 (88%) had readily identifiable risk factors: 17 (52%) were children younger than 5 years; three (9%) were older than 65 years; ten (30%) were physically or mentally disabled. One additional person was burned in a nonhome environment. Of the five deaths, three occurred in children younger than 30 months, and two occurred in patients older than 70 years. Almost all of these injuries could have been prevented by lowering the temperature of the household water heater to below 54.4 degrees C (130 degrees F) and preferably between 48.9 and 51.7 degrees C (120 to 125 degrees F). Physicians can play an important role in the prevention of this type of injury. PMID- 7265411 TI - On saying good-bye before death. PMID- 7265412 TI - Acute renal failure caused by ureteral obstruction by a gravid uterus. PMID- 7265413 TI - Clostridial myonecrosis. Origin from an obturator hernia in a dialysis patient. PMID- 7265414 TI - Thiazide-induced syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Time course of resolution. PMID- 7265415 TI - Formaldehyde poisoning. Rapid metabolism to formic acid. PMID- 7265416 TI - Evoked potential emerging as valuable medical tool. PMID- 7265417 TI - Evoked potentials give early warning of sensory and behavioral deficits in high risk neonates. PMID- 7265418 TI - Add EPs to list of intraoperative monitors. PMID- 7265419 TI - 'Drunk pilot' testing may be mandated next year. PMID- 7265420 TI - Education of residents. PMID- 7265421 TI - Prolactin and sexual function. PMID- 7265422 TI - Hypothyroidism, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. PMID- 7265423 TI - Who should do gastrointestinal endoscopy? PMID- 7265424 TI - The 'supply side' economics of sodium metabolism. PMID- 7265425 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents. AB - To assess the incidence and severity of cardiac arrhythmias in the acute period following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), 30 patients with a CVA in a stroke intensive care unit had 24 hours of dynamic ECG recordings. Twenty consecutive patients electively admitted for cataract surgery served as a control group and also had recordings. Fifteen (50%) of 30 CVA patients had serious ventricular ectopy, compared with only three (15%) of the 20 control subjects. Among the patients with CVA, two had ventricular tachycardia, two had complete atrioventricular block, and two had asystole, all occurring in CVAs involving the anterior circulation. None of the control subjects experienced these arrhythmias. Cardiac arrhythmias are common in patients with acute CVAs, especially those involving the anterior circulation. Dynamic ECG recordings may detect such arrhythmias and provide data for therapeutic consideration. PMID- 7265426 TI - Benzodiazepine prescribing in a family medicine center. AB - We monitored benzodiazepine prescribing in a family medicine center for two years. A total of 1,886 prescriptions were written for four benzodiazepines in the following order of frequency: diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, oxazepam, clorazepate. The most frequent diagnostic indications were anxiety neurosis, hysterical neurosis, and vertebral column disorders. Most benzodiazepine recipients were women, but for alcohol abuse more prescriptions were written for men. More than half of the patients were between the ages of 25 and 44 years. Although daily doses were reduced for elderly patients, the course of therapy was often longer. Female physicians wrote fewer prescriptions for men than for women. More prescriptions for benzodiazepines were written during the summer months than during the rest of the year, and more were written on weekdays than on the weekend. Benzodiazepine recipients were given more prescriptions for other drugs than were the rest of the patients in the practice. PMID- 7265427 TI - Multiple parathyroid adenomas. PMID- 7265428 TI - Management of acute hyperparathyroidism in a community hospital. AB - Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common entity that routinely lends itself to prompt surgical cure. Infrequently, multiple surgical explorations are required to effect a cure. A case is reported of a 27-year-old man with hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis. The initial surgical exploration failed to identify the abnormal parathyroid tissue. Hypercalcemia necessitated rigorous antihypercalcemic therapy; three subsequent operations, including a mediastinal exploration, were unsuccessful. On the fifth exploration, which took barely an hour, a 35-g adenoma was removed from the left superior posterior mediastinum. This report illustrates that a detailed knowledge of the possible locations of aberrant parathyroid tissue and the skills of the operating surgeon are the sine qua non for those patients requiring one or more parathyroid reexplorations. PMID- 7265429 TI - False-positive radioimmunoassay pregnancy test in nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7265430 TI - Painful clubbing and sarcoidosis. PMID- 7265431 TI - Ureterovaginal fistula detected by vaginogram. PMID- 7265432 TI - The small corks tests. A rapid sensory screening test. PMID- 7265433 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism: pathology and therapy. PMID- 7265434 TI - Management of patients with heart disease for noncardiac surgery. PMID- 7265435 TI - An update in radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis of cholecystitis. PMID- 7265436 TI - Toxic wastes' health effects? No one has the answers. PMID- 7265437 TI - Cryptococcal antigen test. PMID- 7265438 TI - The ceiling-retractable service column. PMID- 7265439 TI - Gastrointestinal disorders in runners. PMID- 7265440 TI - Evaluation of superior vena cava obstruction. PMID- 7265441 TI - Hair implants vs hair transplants. PMID- 7265442 TI - Hope. PMID- 7265443 TI - Fetal risk associated with rubella vaccine. AB - Ninety-four susceptible women received either Cendehill or HPV-77 rubella vaccine. All gave birth to healthy infants. Seventeen susceptible women received the RA 27/3 vaccine. All their infants were free of abnormalities compatible with congenital rubella, as were 54 born to mothers of unknown immune status at the time of RA 27/3 vaccination and those later found to be immune. An additional susceptible woman received an unknown strain of vaccine; she also had a healthy infant. The risk of severe congenital malformations after rubella vaccination is low. In our 112 cases, the maximum risk was approximately 3%. Concern about the potential adverse effects of rubella vaccine on the fetus should not interfere with vaccination of women of childbearing age. However, since the actual risk may not be zero, women known to be pregnant should not be vaccinated, and conception should be avoided for three months after vaccination. PMID- 7265444 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase values and genetic heterogeneity in schizophrenia research. AB - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity is significantly reduced in chronic schizophrenics with family history of schizophrenia. The degree of reduction is related to the extent of genetic load. Schizophrenics with no affected relatives do not differ from control subjects. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis of genetic heterogeneity in schizophrenia. Discrepancies among previously reported data sets can thus be explained by overrepresentation of nongenetic phenocopies with normal MAO levels. The implications for biologic and genetic research in schizophrenia are discussed. PMID- 7265445 TI - Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Frequency in a respiratory intensive care unit. AB - Radiofibrinogen leg scans were performed in 34 patients admitted to a respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) for treatment of acute respiratory failure. In 23 patients, the leg scans were performed during the first ICU week, and abnormal leg scans developed in three (13%). In 11 patients, leg scans were done beyond the first week; all were normal. Autopsy incidence of embolism was 20%. No patient died of embolism. The low frequency of fatal embolism had led us to discontinue the routine use of low-dose heparin prophylaxis in these patients in our respiratory ICU. In its place, we have substituted an ongoing investigation of noninvasive monitoring with both radioactive fibrinogen leg scanning and impedance plethysmography. From such investigations should emerge more definitive strategies for dealing with venous thromboembolism in this complex patient population. PMID- 7265446 TI - Histopathologic distinctions in the relationship of estrogens and endometrial cancer. AB - The slides of 233 patients included in a case-control study of estrogens and endometrial cancer were reviewed to determine how often endometrial cancer was misdiagnosed and whether patients with uterine cancer had other coexistent endometrial diseases. Reasonably close agreements were found among the original diagnoses and those of three additional reviewers (the total range of disagreements among all pathologists was from 2% to 16%). Proliferative and hyperplastic endometrium coexisted in many specimens from patients with endometrial cancer, and especially in those who had used estrogen replacement therapy. In contrast, estrogen therapy had seldom been used by patients whose cancers were not accompanied by these proliferative and hyperplastic lesions. In addition, these changes were found significantly more often in women with grade 1 cancers than grade 2 or 3 cancers. We conclude from these data that diagnostic misclassification is uncommon and that coexistent proliferative and hyperplastic lesions occur frequently, especially among women with grade 1 cancers. The data also suggest that the frequent finding of grade 1 cancer in estrogen users is due to bleeding that results from the stimulated coexistent benign proliferating endometrium. PMID- 7265447 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine in the United States. A critical analysis. AB - The capsular polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine approved by the Food and Drug Administration in November 1977 has been recommended for persons older than 2 years believed to be at high risk for pneumococcal disease, including those aged 50 years and older, those with chronic systemic illnesses, and those living in certain institutions. A critical review of the available evidence shows little documentation of an increased incidence of, or mortality from, pneumococcal disease for many of these suggested categories. Moreover, except for children with sickle cell disease, there is no convincing evidence that the vaccine is effective for the chronically ill, and unpublished controlled studies have demonstrated no benefit for ambulatory, elderly, or institutionalized patients. Thus, there is currently no information to support widespread pneumococcal vaccination in this country, and further investigations are needed to determine in what situations this vaccine is worthwhile. PMID- 7265448 TI - Occupational health programs for house staff physicians. Preemployment medical examination. PMID- 7265449 TI - Pseudogout mimicking systemic disease. PMID- 7265450 TI - Intracerebral hemorrhage in a patient with eclampsia. PMID- 7265451 TI - Fetal perspective of rubella vaccine efficacy and safety. PMID- 7265452 TI - Influenza 1981 to 1982. PMID- 7265453 TI - Pulmonary toxicity of antineoplastic drugs. AB - Pulmonary toxicity caused by antineoplastic drugs is becoming a more frequently recognized entity, and the number of drugs known or suspected of causing this disease is steadily increasing. In general, the initial clinical appearance includes both constitutional signs of malaise and fever, as well as pulmonary complaints. Some clinical signs may suggest a particular drug as the cause. The pathological condition also is generally nonspecific, but some clues may be present histologically that help define the causal agent. This is a review of the antineoplastic drugs that are associated with pulmonary toxicity. Clinical, laboratory, and pathological data are presented as useful information for practicing physicians. Although therapeutic maneuvers are limited, these are discussed with regard to each drug. PMID- 7265454 TI - A case of myotonic dystrophy associated with sick sinus syndrome. AB - A 22-year-old man with myotonic dystrophy associated with sick sinus syndrome is described. The patient showed marked weakness of grasping power, grip myotonia, percussion myotonia, bilateral cataracts, fixed facial expression and elevation of serum CPK level, and was diagnosed as having myotonic dystrophy. The Holter ECG showed marked sinus bradyarrhythmia at the rate of 25 beats per minute and the sinus node recovery time using overdrive suppression test was significantly prolonged. These findings indicated the patient also suffered from the sick sinus syndrome. Although various kinds of ECG abnormalities have been noted in the cases with myotonic dystrophy, there have been very few descriptions concerning the involvement of sinus node dysfunction in this disorder. PMID- 7265455 TI - The pathogenetic role and treatment of elderly hypertension. AB - The clinicopathological study on the atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular and cardiac complications was carried out in 1561 consecutive autopsied cases in the elderly. The subjects were classified into 3 groups: 702 cases (45.0%) of normotension, 276 cases (17.7%) of systolic hypertension and 583 cases (37.3%) of diastolic hypertension. The acceleration of atherosclerosis by hypertension was prominent in sixties and seventies, less remarkable in eighties and almost none in nineties. The effect of hypertension was remarkable on cerebral artery, aorta and coronary artery in this order, and no difference was found between the systolic and diastolic hypertension groups. On the basis of atherosclerotic changes, strokes and myocardial infarction were prevalent in both these groups in comparison with the normotension group. The difference between the systolic and diastolic hypertension groups and the normotension group was prominent in sixties and seventies, but in eighties only the diastolic hypertension group showed a significant difference with the normotension group. The effect of hypertension was more remarkable on strokes than myocardial infarction. The lack of remarkable effect of hypertension on the cases over eighty may be attributed to the progression of atherosclerosis with age in normotensive cases. The 4 year prospective trial on the effectiveness of the antihypertensive treatment was performed in 100 mild hypertensive patients of the aged, averaging 76.1 years. The matched pair group was selected by the age, sex and blood pressure. Cerebrovascular and cardiac complications were observed in 4 cases of 10.5% of 38 cases of the drug group, and in 9 cases or 22.0% of 41 cases of the placebo group. When the elevation of blood pressure over 200/110 mmHg, observed in 8 cases in the placebo group, were included as one of the cardiovascular complications, the complications in placebo group reached 41.5%, showing a significant difference. Other complications such as cancers, infections and bone or joint diseases, were observed in 12 cases or 31.6% in the drug group and in 17 cases or 41.5% in the placebo group. Blood pressure was decreased from 171/87 to 151/80 in the drug group in the 4 year period. The present study suggested that antihypertensive treatment was effective in the aged hypertension, and careful follow up was needed not only for cardiovascular complications but also for general health condition. PMID- 7265456 TI - Treatment of severe hypertension and hypertensive emergency with nifedipine, a calcium antagonistic agent. AB - Nifedipine, the Ca++ antagonistic coronary vasodilator, was administered by oral, sublingual and enema routes. 1) In 6 severe hypertensive patients (systolic pressure greater than or equal to 200 mmHg, diastolic greater than or equal to 120 mmHg), nifedipine, administered orally, induced prompt and reliable fall of arterial pressure (systolic pressure: -28% of control level, diastolic: -27%). 2) In 10 patients with hypertensive emergencies, including malignant hypertension, intracranial bleeding, hypertensive encephalopathy and acute hypertensive heart failure, sublingual and enema administration of nifedipine were performed with excellent hypotensive efficacy. 3) Pressure began to fall within 5--15 min, 30 min and 30--60 min after sublingual (or dissolved), enema and oral (capsule), respectively, and reached its lowest levels in the next 10--20 min. The fall of pressure lasts for 2--4 hours. 4) In the combination of nifedipine with alpha methyldopa, antihypertensive response in short-term was increased about +11% over nifedipine alone and lasted for 8 hours. In combination with beta-blocker (propranolol), hypotensive efficacy increased +39% over nifedipine alone, but the effective duration of this combination was the same as nifedipine alone. 5) Side effects, including dryness of the mouth and burning sensation in face and legs, were observed in few patients. PMID- 7265457 TI - Ultrasono-cardiotomographic evaluation of histological changes in myocardial infarction. AB - The echo patterns on ultrasono-cardiotomogram were evaluated in relation to the histological changes of the myocardium. The ultrasono-cardiotomographic data were collected from 9 consecutive patients with transmural infarction (3 patients with antero-septal, 5 with postero-in-ferior, 1 with antero-lateral infarction) and also from 11 dogs with experimental myocardial infarction. Analyses of data obtained led to the following conclusion. 1) A decrement of the thickness and deformity of the wall echo: They were detected by a series of azimuthal angle and level ultrasono-cardiotomograms which were obtained by changing the direction and level of the ultrasonic beam through the heart along the long axis of the left ventricle. 2) An increment of echo-intensity of infarcted area: The intensity of abnormal echo of the infarcted area, when evaluated by using the intensity of the echo of normal pericardium as a reference of OdB, was + 10 to +15bB more intense than that of the normal myocardium. 3) The study of the echo patterns in comparison with the histology of myocardium indicated that the echoes related to scar could be classified into 4 types: i) cord-like echo, ii) scattered large nodular echoes, iii) narrow band-like echo, and iv) scattered small nodular echoes. Types i), ii), and iii) indicated the formation of a transmural scar. Thus a possibility was suggested that histological characteristics of myocardial tissue could be estimated by a non-invasive method. PMID- 7265458 TI - Detection of left ventricular asynergy in myocardial infarction by means of ultrasono-cardiotomography and M-mode echocardiography. AB - The movements of the left ventricular wall in cases of myocardial infarction were studied by ultrasono-cardiotomography and M-mode echo-cardiography. Ultrasono cardiotomographic and echocardiographic data were collected from 15 consecutive patients with transmural myocardial infarction ranging in age from 28 to 60 years (4 with antero-septal infarction, 5 with postero-inferior infarction, and 6 with infarction of other areas) and also from healthy control subjects. In myocardial infarction, a delay in timing and a decrement in amplitude of the excursion of the infarcted area were observed. As the result, compensatory movement occurred in the non-infarcted area. This compensatory movement was a major contributing factor for the maintenance of the function of the left ventricle. In antero septal infarction, the pump function was compensated for by the movement of the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) and by that of the non-infarcted area of the interventricular septum (IVS). On the other hand, in postero-inferior infarction, the pump function was mainly compensated for by an increment in movement of IVS. This compensatory movement, which was very strong in the acute stage of myocardial infarction, decreased with time after infarction. On the other hand, in the hypokinetic infarcted area, there was a gradual increment of the amplitude of excursion with time after infarction. These findings reflected the degree of the development of collateral circulation. It was found that the degree of asynergy could be determined by the evaluation of the delay in timing and amplitude of the excursion, and of mVCF at basal, middle, and apical portions of the left ventricle. PMID- 7265459 TI - A new ventricular-performance variable using electrocardiogram and carotid pulse contour derivative. AB - The pre-ejection period (PEP) of systole is a widely used, non-invasive index of ventricular performance. For precise measurements, simultaneous recordings are required from which the Q-wave on the electrocardiogram, second heart sound on the phonocardiogram, and upstroke and incisura of the carotid pulse contour are discretely identifiable and temporally accurate. This is frequently difficult to accomplish. We, therefore, have compared 2 other noninvasive indices of ventricular performance for correlation with PEP in 17 female and 18 male subjects while supine and during head-up tilt. We also examined similarity of these indices to PEP in correlations with heart rate and blood pressure and compared them for ease in monitoring and precision in measurement. The ratio of the peak amplitude of the carotid pulse contour derivative to its total amplitude (DAR) is easier to monitor and more reliably measured than PEP; however, it is poorly correlated with PEP. Time from electrocardiographic Q-wave to peak dD/dt (Q-MAX) is also easier to monitor and somewhat more reliably measured than PEP. Although correlations of PEP and Q-MAZ with subject age are dissimilar, Q-MAX is correlated with PEP in supine and tilted subjects; the 2 variables are similarly correlated with heart rate and arterial pressure; and in 6 subjects both variables were prolonged after intravenous administration of propranolol hydrochloride. We, therefore, propose Q-MAX as an alternative measure of ventricular performance. PMID- 7265460 TI - Non-invasive evaluation by thermistor plethysmography of left ventricular performance during dynamic exercise. Comparison with echocardiography. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of two non-invasive techniques (STI and echocardiography) in assessing cardiovascular response during exercise. STI were obtained using a new carotid pulse transducer (thermistor pulse) proved to be reliable in exercise recording. The study population included 12 male rowers (age 15-20 years), who performed supine bicycle exercise; STI and echocardiographic recording of left ventricle were simultaneously obtained at rest and continuously throughout the exercise period. A negative linear correlation (r=-0.782; p less than 0.001) was found between PEP (pre-ejection period) and %LVID (fractional shortening of left ventricle), reliable indexes of cardiac contractility measured by the two techniques. A lower, but significant correlation (r=0.643; p less than 0.001) was present between ETI (left ventricular ejection time corrected by heart rate) and SV (stroke volume) indexes of pump function. The present study shows that STI measured with this new technique, can be employed in evaluating left ventricular function in those patients in whom a good echocardiogram is difficult to record during exercise. PMID- 7265461 TI - The relationship between QT interval and heart rate during physiological exercise and pacing. AB - Conventional doctrine states that the QT interval is related to heart rate in an inverse exponential relationship, so that with increasing rate the QT interval shortens. This relationship has recently been studied in a group of patients undergoing physiological exercise stress tests, atrial pacing stress test, and in a further group of patients with complete heart block undergoing exercise at a fixed ventricular rate controlled by cardiac pacemaker. Examinations of recordings made during physiological exercise do show the expected shortening in QT interval, we believe that this shortening is only in part due to the intrinsic effect of increased rate as patient who were atrially paced to similar rates and within the same age group showed only a small decrease in measured QT interval and patients undergoing exercise at fixed ventricular rate showed shortening in QT interval which was related to the independent atrial rate. It appears, therefore, that the QT interval is governed mainly by extrinsic factors and not intrinsically rate related. The physiological control of QT interval is being used now to construct a cardiac pacemaker which senses the interval between the delivered stimulus and the evoked T wave so that the stimulus-evoked T wave interval could be used to set the subsequent escape interval and subsequently the overall pacing rate. Physiological control of cardiac pacing rate using conventional unipolar lead systems and independent of atrial activity is possible and currently being investigated. PMID- 7265463 TI - Functional importance of the left septal Purkinje network in the left ventricular conduction system. AB - Changes of the activation sequence and vectorcardiogram (VCG) resulting from experimental block of specific sites of the left bundle branch were studied to determine the functional significance of the septal Purkinje network. Discrete block of the septal Purkinje network (11 dogs) resulted in slight delay of epicardial activation in the apical area. In lead Z of McFee system of VCG, the antero-posterior ratio was increased from 1.4 to 2.6, and the QRS loop tended to be displaced anteriorly. Discrete block of the left posterior division (9 dogs) resulted in slight delay of activation in the posterior basal area. Block of the left posterior division plus the septal Purkinje network (11 dogs) resulted in marked delay in activation of a wider area extending from the posterior basal area to the apical area. In lead X, the S wave became evident and the direction of the maximum QRS vector in the frontal plane showed significant right axis deviation. Discrete block of the left posterior division did not change the epicardial activation sequence or the direction of the maximum QRS vector, because there is extensive interconnection of the left ventricular conduction system. These results suggest that block of the septal Purkinje network itself may produce an electrocardiographic change and that this network may also be important in left anterior and posterior hemiblocks producing axis changes in the frontal plane of VCG. PMID- 7265462 TI - Left atrial myxoma. A morphologic and histogenetic study. AB - Seven cases of excised left atrial myxoma are described. These are compared with organizing and organized thrombi. The tumors occurred at ages ranging from 13 to 48 years with male preponderance. There were distinct histological and histochemical differences between myxomas and thrombi. Myxomas were lobulated, soft and gelatinous. The cells were arranged singly, in syncytium, or in gland like manner and around blood vessels. Scant to abundant acid mucopolysaccharide rich stroma with strong metachromasia was present. The cells on histochemical staining revealed a wide range of differentiation and contained small amounts of neutral mucopolysaccharides. Thrombi, on the other hand, were firm, laminated, and the cells were arranged in several stratified layers. Metachromasia was absent. Neutral polysaccharides were absent within the cells of thrombi, These features support the concept that cardiac myxoma is a neoplasm and arises possibly from multipotential mesenchymal cells. PMID- 7265465 TI - Pulsatile venous flow in extracorporeal circulation. AB - Effects of pulsatile venous flow upon the microcirculation were investigated in conditions with different venous pressures by using regional perfusion in dog's hind legs. In animals with venous pressure of -18 cmH2O (Collapsed stage), venous pulsation brought about a significant increase in mean oxygen consumption ratio and suppressed a rise of mean resistance ratio significantly. In animals with venous pressure of +2 cmH2O (normal venous pressure stage), the venous pulsation was effective in a rise of mean oxygen consumption ratio but was not effective in suppression of mean resistance ratio. In animals with venous pressure of +10 cmH2O (congestive stage), no effect of venous pulsation was recognized. We suppose that the intermittent elevation of venous pressure by venous pulsation is effective for opening some capillaries in animals with venous pressure below +2 cmH2O. PMID- 7265464 TI - Carnitine distribution in subepicardial and subendocardial regions in normal and ischemic dog hearts. AB - In order to evaluate the role of carnitine on fatty acid metabolism in subepicardial (Epi) and subendocardial (Endo) regions in ischemic heart, tissue levels of carnitine, free fatty acids (FFA), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were determined in ischemic, non-ischemic and border areas in dog hearts with acute regional ischemia. Acute regional ischemia was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 15 min. In normal hearts, tissue carnitine levels were lower in Endo than in Epi. On the other hand, FFA levels were higher in Endo than in Epi. In ATP levels, no significant differences were observed between Endo and Epi. In acute regional ischemia, tissue carnitine levels decreased not only in ischemic and border areas but also in nonischemic area. And the levels were lower in Endo than in Epi in all areas. Tissue ATP levels were also lower in endo than in Epi in all areas. From nonischemic area toward the center of ischemic area, the difference in ATP levels between Endo and Epi became more prominent. Tissue FFA levels increased in ischemic and border areas, while no significant differences were observed between Endo and Epi. These results confirmed that Endo as metabolically more anaerobic than Epi even in normal heart and it became more prominent in the heart with acute regional ischemia. PMID- 7265467 TI - Depressant effect of trapidil on dog coronary arterial contraction induced by ergonovine. AB - Effects of trapidil on ergonovine-induced contractions of isolated dog coronary arteries were investigated in vitro. Ergonovine produced dose-dependent contractions of helical strips cut from the left circumflex branches of coronary arteries. Trapidil significantly depressed these-contractions. 5-HT also produced dose-dependent contractions of the strips, which were depressed by trapidil. In isolated rabbit femoral arterial preparations, norepinephrine dose-dependently contracted the strips. Phentolamine significantly depressed these contractions, and trapidil depressed them when relatively high doses were applied previously. Results indicate that trapidil has a depressant effect on coronary arterial contractions induced by ergonovine, partly through antagonism to 5-HT receptor and/or adrenergic alpha receptor. PMID- 7265466 TI - Mechanisms underlying systemic hemodynamic responses to experimental coronary artery occlusion. A preliminary study with hexamethonium. AB - The hemodynamic changes induced by coronary occlusion were investigated in anesthetized dogs. Coronary occlusion elicited an immediate but transient increase in the systemic blood pressure and in the vascular resistance of the hind limb perfused at constant flow. Thereafter, systemic hypotension and vasodilatation in the perfused region were observed. Vagotomy abolished the initial increase of the systemic and perfusion pressure and reduced significantly the late vasodilator response both systemically and in the perfused hind limb. After the subsequent administration of hexamethonium the vasodilatation in the hind limb was no longer manifest but the fall in blood pressure was unmodified. These results seem to suggest that multiple mechanisms are involved in the hemodynamic response to coronary occlusion. PMID- 7265468 TI - Principle of normal heart adaptation in size and weight to pressure and volume loads. AB - A hypothesis was proposed for a fundamental principle of adaptation of normal hearts to pressure and volume loads: The end-systolic active stress (P) and shortening fraction (S) of myocardium in the ventricular wall were hypothesized to be preserved near normal levels by the adaptation regardless of heart size and animal species F and S were mathematically related to ventricular wall volume (M) and end-diastolic chamber volume (D) both normalized to stroke volume with afterload pressure (P) as a parameter. The deduced M-P and D-P relationships were compared with corresponding data documented in literature. The actual data from normal hearts including pressure and volume overloaded but compensated hearts of different animal species from rats to horses including human children and adults distributed near the theoretical curves for S=0.1-0.2 and F=60-160 Gm/cm2 despite the 2X10(3) times difference in heart size and weight. However, data from failing and abnormal hearts significantly deviated from those curves. These results seem to support the present hypothesis as a fundamental principle of the adaptation of normal hearts to loads. PMID- 7265469 TI - Primary thrombocythemia and myocardial infarction in a 26-year-old woman with normal coronary arteriogram. AB - Acute myocardial infarction occurred in a 26-year-old woman with normal coronary arteriogram and primary thrombocythemia (500,000 approximately 1,500,000/mm3). Hyperaggregability of platelets was also demonstrated by stimulation with adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and epinephrine administration. A stillbirth at the 8th month of gestation in her past history was referred to the complication of primary thrombocythemia, too. Since discharge, the patient has been on 750 mg of aspirin and then free of any thromboembolic symptoms and signs, even during pregnancy and labour. PMID- 7265470 TI - Virus-like particles associated with intracardiac ganglionitis in 2 cases of sudden unexpected death. AB - Two previously healthy young individuals died suddenly and unexpectedly, and in both of them there was ganglionitis in the heart, especially near the sinus node. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated virus-like particles in the vicinity of the ganglionitis of both hearts. Viral cardioneuropathy may play a role in the pathogenesis of sudden unexpected deaths and deserves further investigation. PMID- 7265471 TI - [Potassium metabolism]. PMID- 7265474 TI - [Mechanism of extra-renal transport of potassium]. PMID- 7265473 TI - [Body distribution of potassium and kinetics]. PMID- 7265472 TI - [Digestive tract mechanism of potassium transport]. PMID- 7265475 TI - [Hyperkalemia]. PMID- 7265477 TI - [Kidney failure and potassium metabolism]. PMID- 7265476 TI - [Hypokalemia]. PMID- 7265478 TI - [Kidney diseases and potassium metabolism]. PMID- 7265479 TI - [Hypokalemia (renal tubular acidosis)]. PMID- 7265480 TI - [Mechanism of hypokalemia in Bartter's syndrome]. PMID- 7265481 TI - [Periodic quadriplegia and potassium metabolism]. PMID- 7265482 TI - [Hematologic diseases and potassium metabolism]. PMID- 7265483 TI - [Drug-induced hypokalemia]. PMID- 7265484 TI - [Hyperventilation syndrome and potassium metabolism]. PMID- 7265485 TI - [Abnormal potassium metabolism during surgery and in the post-operative period]. PMID- 7265486 TI - [Future of antibiotic therapy in the field of obstetrics]. PMID- 7265487 TI - [Etiology of idiopathic portal hypertension--recent findings]. PMID- 7265488 TI - [Acquired heart diseases]. PMID- 7265489 TI - [Undercurrent in immunologic diseases]. PMID- 7265490 TI - [Ectopic pineal gland neoplasm with remarkable emaciation, autonomic dysfunction and hypothalamus hypofunction traceable with CT scanning]. PMID- 7265491 TI - [Aging for neurophysiological point of view]. PMID- 7265493 TI - [Psychology of the aged]. PMID- 7265492 TI - [Motor functions of the aged]. PMID- 7265494 TI - [Clinical characteristics of senile dementia]. PMID- 7265495 TI - [Distribution of arteriosclerosis among the aged and its significance]. PMID- 7265496 TI - [Coagulation and fibrinolytic system in the aged]. PMID- 7265497 TI - [Kidney functions of the aged]. PMID- 7265498 TI - [Water-electrolyte metabolism in the aged]. PMID- 7265499 TI - [Respiratory functions of the aged: effect of aging and evaluation among the aged]. PMID- 7265500 TI - [Respiratory diseases in the aged]. PMID- 7265501 TI - [Glucose metabolism regulation in the aged]. PMID- 7265502 TI - [Digestive tract functions in the aged]. PMID- 7265503 TI - [Infectious diseases in the aged]. PMID- 7265504 TI - [Pathological characteristics of neoplasms in the aged]. PMID- 7265505 TI - [Death by infirmity: analysis of causes of death]. PMID- 7265506 TI - [Management of parenteral infusion for the aged]. PMID- 7265507 TI - [Automation of instruments for clinical tests: recent trends and progress of instruments]. PMID- 7265508 TI - [Undercurrent of immunologic diseases. 3. Glomerulonephritis and alveolar pneumonitis--understanding of Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 7265509 TI - [Kallmann's syndrome--4 cases with special reference to endocrinal studies]. PMID- 7265510 TI - [Pseudoaldosteronism associated with high serum myoglobin possibly due to hypokalemia myopathy--a case study]. PMID- 7265511 TI - [De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome--a case report]. PMID- 7265512 TI - [Assay of serum lipid peroxides and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265513 TI - [Enzymatic formation of lipoperoxides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265514 TI - [Effects of tocopherols on autoxidation of thin film methyl linoleate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265515 TI - [Biological substances in carrageenin induced inflammation in rats--with special stress on lipid peroxide measurements (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265516 TI - [Studies on lipid peroxidation in liver injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265517 TI - [Lipid peroxide levels in several diseases: clinical studies on the relationship between lipid peroxide levels and thrombotic tendency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265518 TI - [Hyperlipoperoxidemia in mice induced by alloxan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265519 TI - [Significance of cadaver blood examination at autopsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265520 TI - [Pathology and cytology of urinary bladder tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265522 TI - [Determination of hemoglobulin as hemiglobincyanide with two-wavelength spectrophotometry in patient blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265521 TI - [Variation of serum chemical constituents in habitual alcohol consumption (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265523 TI - [Effects of handgrip exercise of left ventricular performance estimated by echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265524 TI - [Demonstration of high-resolution chromosome bands using methotrexate synchronization of cultured lymphocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265525 TI - [Normal range calculation: selection of the truncation coefficient for iterative truncation method with correction (author's tranl)]. PMID- 7265526 TI - [The pathophysiological studies on the anaphylactoid skin reaction after intradermal administration of secretin for peptic ulcer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265527 TI - [An autopsy case of severe intrahepatic cholestasis in primary amyloidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265529 TI - [A case of pancreatolithiasis with bone lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265528 TI - [2 cases of non-calcified (translucent) pancreatolithiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265530 TI - [A study of electrical activity and intraluminal pressure in rabbit colon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265531 TI - [Osmotic resistance and lipid composition of erythrocyte membrane in liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265532 TI - [Plasma bile acid composition in fulminant hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265533 TI - [Prostaglandin E2 in the gastric mucosa. (3rd report) -Effect of mild acid- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265534 TI - [Studies on complement system in chronic liver diseases with special reference to the dissociation between plasma and serum complement level (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265535 TI - [Subfractionation of the abnormal serum lipoprotein-X and possible mechanisms of its formation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265536 TI - [Acute hepatic failure after exposure to halothane -the clinical study of 10 cases- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265537 TI - [Studies on pure pancreatic juice of a patient with normal pancreas and a patient with pancreatic hypofunction in response to graded doses of secretin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265538 TI - [Free perforation in Crohn's disease, a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265539 TI - [A case of anorexia nervosa with hypergastrinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265540 TI - A statistical analysis of the heterogeneity of inherited diseases. PMID- 7265541 TI - Frequency of adenomatosis coli in Japan. PMID- 7265542 TI - Partial trisomies 9 and 4 resulting from maternal translocation t(4;9) (q25?;q13). PMID- 7265543 TI - [The effect of aging on the peripheral functions in farmers and chain saw operators part 1. age-related changes in pain and vibratory sense thresholds (author's transl)]. AB - Vibration hazards caused by using vibrating tools include such disorders as peripheral circulatory disturbances, peripheral nervous disturbances and abnormalities of the bones and joints. It is generally acknowledged that the effect of physiological aging on the nervous system gradually increases with age. In this paper, therefore to assess the effect of aging on the peripheral nervous function as evaluated by pain and vibratory sense thresholds of fingers, 135 farmers and 130 chain saw operators ranging in age from 30 to 69 years were examined. Moreover, 27 normal persons aged between 21 and 37 years served as the control for comparison. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In the control subjects, there was no age-related change in the pain threshold. However, the vibratory sense threshold at a frequency of 125 Hz or 250 Hz showed a tendency to increase with advancing age. 2) In both farmers and chain saw operators, thresholds in the pain and the vibratory sense at a frequency of 125 Hz or 250 Hz showed a tendency to increase with advancing age. 3) The pain thresholds in chain saw operators seemed to be slightly higher than those in farmers in all age groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. On the other hand, the vibratory sense thresholds at a frequency of 125 Hz or 250 Hz in chain saw operators were significantly higher by 5 dB than those in farmers in all age groups. From these results it is suggested that we have to use age-adjusted standard criteria in evaluating thresholds of the pain and the vibratory sense at a frequency of 125 Hz or 250 Hz. PMID- 7265544 TI - [The vibration of the handle-bars of a motorcycle in running on the paved road (author's transl)]. AB - Lately, in our country, daily motorcycling mail deliverers suffered from vibration hazards have been increasing. The vibration level of the handle of motorcycles was measured in order to evaluate its hazardous effects. The tested motorcycle with a 90 cc engine was selected among many motorcycles for daily use. Running test was made on the chasis dynamometer and asphalt roads. Following results were obtained. 1) The direction showing the maximum value of vibrations acceleration is in other directions than, X, Y, Z of ISO (International Organization for Standardization). 2) The maximum vibration acceleration level exceeds the exposure guidelines of ISO and its frequency is an accordance to the engine speed of the motorcycle in running. 3) The levels in the frequency ranges from 6 to 20 Hz and from 50 to 100 Hz are liable to induce vibration hazards. 4) The stronger the gripping power, the more the vibration acceleration level in the frequency range of 6-20 Hz and, on the contrary, the vibration acceleration level decreases in the range of 50-100 Hz. 5) The rubber grips of this motorcycle are not effective for abating the vibration on the frequency spectrum less than 125 Hz or 200 Hz. PMID- 7265545 TI - [The effects of zinc on cadmium-induced ultrastructural changes in rat livers (author's transl)]. AB - The superimposed effects of oral zinc administration on cadmium-induced ultrastructural changes in rat livers were studied. Twenty female rats were divided into 4 groups. To the diet for group I was added 200 ppm Cd for daily about 10 g diet, to that for group II 200 ppm of Zn and that for group III 200 ppm of Cd and Zn each. The group IV was the control. All of the four groups was sacrificed after 9 months of administration. In addition to examine the liver by an electron-microscope, Cd concentration in the liver was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Cd contents in the livers of group III were significantly reduced compared with those of group I. Apparent ultrastructural changes; i.e., deterioration of rough endoplasmic reticula, losses of glycogen particles, and proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticula, were observed in the livers of group I. Meanwhile, these changes were significantly mild in those of group III. From these results, it is suggested that Cd inhibits protein synthesis and glycogen metabolism in the liver and that Zn partly protects the liver from Cd-induced ultrastructural changes. PMID- 7265546 TI - The effect of age on the ozone-induced pulmonary edema and tolerance in rats. AB - Effects of the age on the lung injury caused by ozone and on the development of ozone tolerance were examined in male rats by measuring pulmonary weight response. The pulmonary susceptibility to ozone was found to be proportional to the logarithm of body weight from 70 to 300 g, but extraordinarily enhanced beyond 300 g (about 9 weeks old). The developmental process of ozone tolerance in young rats were found to be similar to that in young adults, but apparently different from that in older rats. Pulmonary ability to induce ozone tolerance was higher in young rats weighing less than 300 g than in older rats. These results suggest that the rat lung response to ozone alters as the rats grow older beyond 9 weeks. PMID- 7265547 TI - [Effects of local vibration exposure on the finger blood flow (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of the present study was to clarify the physiological response of peripheral blood vessels when some vibrational stimuli were given to five healthy young men (21-22) continuously and intermittently. The vasoreaction was observed on each subjects after the exposure to vibration at frequencies 18, 32, 64 and 125 Hz with acceleration level at 5 g (peak value). In the pulse wave height of left and right arms, a specified tendency was not found while a larger variation was observed. After continuous exposures, pulse wave propagation velocity at the left arm showed a decreasing tendency at lower frequencies, but in the right arm, such a tendency did not appear. After intermittent exposures, it showed decreasing tendencies at both the left and righ arms, but such remarkable decreases were not observed as was seen at the left arm after continuous exposure. Variation analysis on the pulse wave showed that the propagation velocity was related significantly (p less than 0.01) to the subject and to the frequency during continuous and intermittent exposures of the left and right arms. These results indicate that the lower frequency is one of the factors which cause the vibrational disease, and there was a person who is liable to vibrational disease. When compared with the intermittent vibration exposure, the continuous vibration exposure produced significantly lower pulse wave propagation velocities in the left arm. This finding indicates that the intermittent vibration relieves an accumulation of the effects by vibration. PMID- 7265548 TI - [Health of medical practitioners observed by the similar method to that of the national health survey of Japan (author's transl)]. AB - Health of medical practitioners in Miyagi Prefecture was surveyed by the similar methodology as that of the National Health Survey in October, 1978. A total of 255 doctors responded. Rates of number of persons with illness and/or injury and of number of sufferings per total number of respondents, and proportions of being ill in bed and of absence from work due to illness among the sufferings, were compared between the medical practitioner and the nationwide sampled population. Doctors claimed the illness more frequently and less number of bed-kept or sick absence conditions was recorded compared to the nationwide sampled population. PMID- 7265549 TI - [A case of progressive systemic sclerosis in construction workers-on the effect of exposed vibration at winch operating (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265551 TI - [Urinary metabolites of o-tolidine (3,3'-dimethylbenzidine) and mutagenicity of the metabolites (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265550 TI - [Pollenosis due to artificial pollination of Japanese pears (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265552 TI - [Retention of organic solvent vapors in plastic bags (part 4) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265553 TI - [Uptake of metallic mercury by human red cells having different catalase activities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265554 TI - Analyses for neutralizing activities of immunoglobulin fractions in anti leptospiral horse antiserum. AB - The 7S and 19S fraction isolated from hyperimmunized antileptospiral horse sera by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and gamma- and T-globulin fractions from the antisera by starch block electrophoresis were studied for neutralizing (leptospiricidal) activities against infection with Leptospira. The activity was determined by the intracutaneous method with virulent Shibaura Strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. No significant difference in regression coefficient was observed between the neutralization line with the 19S globulin fraction and that with the 7S globulin fraction, whereas a significant difference in the regression coefficient was observed when the gamma- and T globulin fractions were compared; the regression coefficient with T-globulin was consistently larger than that with gamma-globulin. PMID- 7265555 TI - Detection of macaque chorionic gonadotropin in the placenta of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca Fascicularis). AB - The biologically detectable period of macaque chorionic gonadotropin (mCG) was estimated by the mouse uterine weight method with 22 placentas of the cynomolgus monkey at various pregnancy stages. The hormone was detectable in the placental extracts of the 4th and 5th week of gestation, but not in those of the 6th week or later. This fact may be compatible with our previous finding that mCG was not detectable in urine after the 6th week of gestation in the cynomolgus monkey. PMID- 7265556 TI - Characterization of measles virus recovered from persistently infected Vero cells. AB - Vero cells were persistently infected with measles virus in medium with antimeasles serum. When antiserum was not added to the medium, the persistently infected cells (VMAS cells) proliferated in a cyclical manner alternating between extensive cell destruction and renewed cell growth. When these cells were grown at 33 C and 40 C, they released temperature-sensitive and temperature-dependent viruses. However, these viruses, upon further propagation, reverted to the wild type suggesting that such temperature-related functions were phenotypically determined and regulated by host-cell factors. The spontaneous viral yield was dependent upon the active cell growth. PMID- 7265557 TI - Variation in susceptibility among colony strains of Culex tritaeniorhynchus to Japanese encephalitis virus infection. AB - The susceptibilities to Japanese encephalitis virus of eight strains of Culex tritaeniorhynchus, seven domestic and one from Taiwan, were studied quantitatively by the membrane feeding technique. Six of them, originated from the main islands of Japan (Honshu and Kyushu) and Okinawa, had moderate susceptibilities to the virus. One strain from Amami Island was slightly more susceptible than moderate strains and was sixfold more susceptible than Taiwan strain. The differences, were statistically significant, but too small to perform genetic analysis for the susceptibility of the mosquito to the virus. PMID- 7265558 TI - Studies on the adequate composition of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids-with reference to the amounts of toxoids and aluminum adjuvant. AB - Immune response of man to tetanus and diphtheria-tetanus combined toxoids with different compositions was investigated, with special reference to the long-term immunity. Adsorbed tetanus toxoid with a potency of about 25 IU per human dose endowed a long-lasting immunity sufficient to prevent tetanus to the vaccines of various age groups, when administered in two doses, followed by a booster injection. Two doses of adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus combined toxoid with potencies of about 20 IU per dose for both components were sufficient to give immunity in infants against diphtheria and tetanus. However, a booster injection should be given within a year to endow a long-lasting immunity. In the case of booster immunization of children with a complete history of immunization against diphtheria and tetanus, a potent long-term immunity was endowed by a single injection of diphtheria-tetanus combined toxoid (plain) with 1 and 3.5 IU per dose, for diphtheria and tetanus components, respectively. PMID- 7265560 TI - Reconstruction of sino-atrial node pacemaker potential based on the voltage clamp experiments. AB - The pacemaker activity of the S-A node cell was explained by reconstructing the pacemaker potential using a Hodgkin-Huxley type mathematical model which was based on the reported voltage clamp data. In this model four dynamic currents, the sodium current iNa, the slow inward current, is, the potassium current, iK, and the hyperpolarization-activated current, ih, in addition to a time-dependent leak current, i1 were included. The model simulated the spontaneous action potential the current voltage relationship, and the voltage clamp experiment in normal Tyrode solution of the rabbit S-A node. Furthermore, the changes of activity induced by the potassium current blocker Ba2+, by applying constant current, acetylcholine, and epinephrine were also reconstructed. It was strongly suggested that the pacemaker depolarization in the S-A node cell is mainly due to a gradual increase of iS during diastole, and that the contribution of iK is much less compared to the potassium current iK2 in the Purkinje fiber pacemaker depolarization. The rising phase of the action potential was due to iS and the plateau phase is determined by both the inactivation of iS and activation of iK. PMID- 7265561 TI - Mechanical changes in crab nerve fibers during action potentials. AB - A nerve impulse travelling along a crustacean nerve was found to be accompanied by a small, rapid movement of the nerve surface. The movement was 10-20 nm in amplitude and was concurrent with a rise in the "swelling pressure" of the order of 5 mg/cm2 for a nerve bundle. Initiation of an action potential at the site of cathodal polarization was preceded by a small, slow mechanical change in the nerve fiber. Anodal polarization produced a large mechanical change of the opposite sign. Tetrodotoxin and procaine suppressed rapid mechanical changes. PMID- 7265559 TI - Endogenous prostaglandins and spontaneous contractions in the circular muscle of the guinea-pig stomach. AB - The physiological significance of endogenous prostaglandin (PG) on spontaneous contractions in isolated circular muscles of the guinea-pig stomach was investigated. Contents of the E and F types of PG were measured by radioimmunoassay as PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. The isolated circular muscles contained 17.04 +/- 2.12 ng PGE2/g tissue (n = 12) and 9.38 +/- 0.62 ng PGF2 alpha/g tissue (n = 12), and released 0.36 +/- 0.04 ng PGE2/g tissue/min (n = 10) and 0.14 +/- 0.01 ng PGF2 alpha/g tissue/min (n = 12) into the solution. These contents and releases of PGs were reduced by treatment with indomethacin (ID50 = 0.3 microgram/ml). Indomethacin (0.1-6 microgram/ml) increased the amplitude of spontaneous contractions dose-dependently, while high concentrations (20 microgram/ml) conversely depressed it. Physiological concentrations of exogenously applied PGE2 (0.03-0.35 ng/ml) markedly suppressed spontaneous contractions in the presence and absence of indomethacin (3 microgram/ml), while PGF2 alpha in concentrations of 0.35-3.54 ng/ml slightly increased them. Therefore, these results suggested that spontaneous contractions in circular muscles were largely influenced by the E type of endogenous PG, not by the F type. The indomethacin-induced increase in the amplitude of spontaneous contractions was not affected by intrinsic nerves and was accompanied by an increase in spike discharges on the slow wave and 45Ca uptake in the muscle cells. These observations suggested that the E type of endogenous PG in circular muscles might play a suppressive role in spontaneous contractions by inhibiting spike generation on the slow wave. PMID- 7265562 TI - Critical evaluation of left ventricular systolic pressure volume areas as predictor of oxygen consumption rate. AB - Left ventricular systolic pressure volume area (PVA) has been reported to be a reliable predictor of cardiac oxygen consumption rate per beat (VO2) in a given heart with a stable inotropic background. PVA has been defined as the specific area in the pressure-volume (P-V) plane that is bounded by the end-systolic and end-diastolic P-V relationship lines and the systolic segment of the P-V loop trajectory. In the present experimental study, we separated PVA into two parts: EW and PE. EW is the area surrounded by the P=V loop, corresponding to the external mechanical work. PE is the area surrounded by the end-systolic and end diastolic P-V lines and the relaxation segment of the P-V loop, corresponding to what is considered the end-systolic elastic potential energy in terms of a time varying elastance model of the ventricle. We attempted to find an optimal weighting coefficient K of PE for the best correlation between VO2 and PVAW = EW + K . PE, changing K from 0 to infinity. Results in 7 canine excised cross circulated hearts showed that PVAW best correlated with VO2 at K = 1.03 +/- 0.03 (SE). Since PVAW at K = 1 is identical with the original PVA, we concluded that PVA could serve as a reliable predictor of VO2. PVA is concluded to be physiologically significant in the coupling between cardiac mechanics and energetics. PMID- 7265563 TI - Activity patterns of temperature-reactive dorsal horn neurons and their reactions to peripheral receptor stimulation by Ca. AB - Unit responses of dorsal horns neurons (DHNs) of rats to thermal stimulation of the scrotal skin were recorded extracellularly. Fifty-five out of 74 DHNs increased their activity during scrotal skin warming, while the activity of 14 neurons was accelerated by cooling. Tonic activities of 3 neurons were inhibited by warming (inverse warm-reactive). Two neurons demonstrated a complex response and were activated during cooling and warming. Most of the warm-reactive and all of cold-reactive DHNs had step sigmoid temperature-activity-relation curves with a temperature-dependent range of 1-5 degrees C. Injections of 5-10 mg/kg CaCl2 into the lower abdominal aorta produced excitation in 30 out of 33 warm-reactive DHNs and inhibition in 3 neurons. Only 3 out of 8 cold-reactive DHNs demonstrated inhibition, while the remaining 5 were activated. All three inverse warm-reactive neurons were inhibited. DHNs which exclusively reacted to mechanical stimuli or did not respond to any peripheral stimulation were not affected by peripheral Ca administration. The results suggest that a number of cold-reactive DHNs receive inputs from warm- and cold-sensitive afferents and that there may exist such double innervation in some warm-reactive DHNs as well. PMID- 7265565 TI - Effects of physical training on the calf and thigh blood flows. AB - Blood flows of the calf and thigh at rest and after submaximal and maximal exercise were determined by the venous occlusion method in 6 healthy subjects before and after physical training for 5 weeks. It was found that the magnitude of the flow after training was significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased when measured immediately after submaximal exercise, while there were no significant differences found with respect to both calf and thigh blood flows measured immediately after maximal exercise before and after training. PMID- 7265566 TI - [The 21st Congress of the Japan Society of Chest Diseases. Abstracts]. PMID- 7265564 TI - Possible role of polyamines in the function of brown adipose tissue. AB - In order to ascertain possible involvement of polyamines in the physiological regulation of brown fat function, effect of temperature acclimation on the polyamine contents of this tissue and effects of polyamines on the noradrenaline induced thermogenesis is isolated brown adipocytes were investigated in rats. Daily urinary excretion of polyamines measured collectively for spermidine and spermidine per body weight was decreased in heat acclimation and increased in cold acclimation. Polyamine concentrations per fresh weight of brown fat showed extremely low values compared with those of other tissues previously reported. Putrescine and spermidine contents per fat-free dry matter of brown fat were decreased in cold acclimation, but were not affected in heat acclimation. Spermidine and spermine inhibited the noradrenaline-induced thermogenesis of brown adipocytes dose-dependently. These results suggest that polyamines regulate the heat production of brown adipose tissue in an inhibitory way and cold acclimation potentiates heat production of this tissue by reducing polyamine levels. PMID- 7265567 TI - [Lung biopsy in the congenital cardiac anomalies associated with pulmonary hypertension--evaluation of pulmonary vascular changes and determination of surgical indication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265568 TI - [Successful total correlation of the d-TGA with coarctation of the aorta, VSD, PDA and pulmonary hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265569 TI - [Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265570 TI - [Simple deep hypothermia for open heart surgery in infants less than 18 months of age--significance of the premedication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265572 TI - [The systolic click-murmur syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265571 TI - [Management of a blood vessel prosthesis during removal of an intra-aortic balloon pumping catheter--use of a hemoclip]. PMID- 7265573 TI - [Small innovation in the design of instruments used in mitral valve surgery]. PMID- 7265574 TI - [Problems of the operation of heart disease combined with arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265575 TI - [Surgical treatment of isolated tricuspid regurgitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265576 TI - [A case report of pseudolymphoma of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265578 TI - [A surgical case of mixed type of TAPVC in a two months old girl (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265577 TI - [A case report of primary thymic carcinoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265579 TI - [A case report of left ventricular wall rupture after mitral valve replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265580 TI - [A surgical case report of congenital tricuspid insufficiency in the infant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265581 TI - [Clinical conference at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wakayama Medical College. 2. Surgery of esophageal cancer with a peculiar postoperative course due to development of pancreatitis]. PMID- 7265582 TI - [Lung resection in patients over age of 70 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265583 TI - [The evaluation of surgical therapy for bronchogenic carcinoma in the patients over 70 years old (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265584 TI - [Cardiopulmonary risk factors and complications in pulmonary resections of the elderly lung cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265585 TI - [Indication and results of pulmonary resection in the aged with bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265586 TI - [Problem of lung cancer surgery in old age--safety limits and postoperative care (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265587 TI - [Pulmonary resection for lung cancer patients over the age of 70 years with a special reference to the pulmonary complications and mediastinal lymph node dissection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265588 TI - [Surgical treatment of lung cancer in patients over the age of 70 years -- special reference to the postoperative complications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265589 TI - [An analysis of advanced age patients with carcinoma of the lung treated by surgical resection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265590 TI - [Clinical analysis of the surgical results of the lung patients over 65 years of age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265591 TI - [A case of pulmonary resection in a 84 years old man with a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265592 TI - [A case of mediastinal teratoma with expectoration of hairs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265593 TI - [Unusual complications in the pacemaker pocket -- considerations on the pacemaker twiddler's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265595 TI - [A case report of subdiaphragmaticomediastinal lipoma of dumbbell type through the foramen of Morgagni (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265594 TI - [A case of an endobronchial foreign body, difficult in diagnosis and complicated with empyema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265597 TI - [Clinical conference at the Department of Surgery, Institute of Pulmonary Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Chiba. 2. Preoperative evaluation of bilateral giant emphysematous pulmonary cyst]. PMID- 7265596 TI - [Operative procedure for bronchial carcinoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265599 TI - [Effect of transection on gastrointestinal electric activities (author's transl)]. AB - Alterations in the pattern of basic electric rhythm of the stomach and jejunum were studied in a total of 12 dogs subjected to following procedures; (a) transection and close contact repair of the entire seromuscular layer in the upper jejunum; (b) transection and close contact repair of the seromuscular layer in the stomach; (c) transection and interposition repair with alpha cyano acrylate in the stomach. Jejunal transection has resulted in permanent interruption in coupling of the basic electrical rhythm irrespective of repair procedures of the muscle layers. Gastric transection has revealed interruption in coupling of the basic electrical rhythm temporarily, but coupling phenomenon was observed in about 14 days. Gastrin transection with alpha cyano acrylate interposition has resulted in interruption in coupling of the basic electrical rhythm when the animal is maintained in fasting state. However, coupling has occurred immediately after the feeding or intragastric balloon distension. These results indicate that there exists some difference between the stomach and the jejunum in the effects of transection on electrical activities. Coupling phenomenon of the basic electrical rhythm observed in the transected stomach is probably due to an interaction of nervous system or a mechanical stimulus acting across the transection line. PMID- 7265598 TI - [ATP dependent calcium uptake activity in plasma membrane fraction of intestinal smooth muscle (author's transl)]. AB - Ca2+ binding and ATP dependent Ca2+ uptake by plasma membrane fraction were studied and the effect of treating plasma membrane fraction with trypsin, phospholipase c and neuraminidase on both activities was observed. 1. Plasma membrane fraction possessed the ability to bind Ca2+. The Scatchard plot of Ca2+ binding showed that plasma membrane had at least two types of Ca2+ binding sites of high and low affinity. 2. The amount of Ca2+ uptake by plasma membrane fraction was 18.51 +/- 1.31 nmoles Ca2+/mg protein/30 min at 10(-5)M Ca2+. The Ca2+ concentration for half maximal activation in Ca2+ uptake was 3.7 x 10(-7)M. 3. The ATP dependent Ca2+ uptake by the microsome isolated from guinea pig intestine was clearly stimulated by 4 mM K2-oxalate whereas that of plasma membrane fraction was not. 4. Trypsin and phospholipase c treatment led to a 40- 88% reduction in the ATP dependent Ca2+ uptake. The Ca2+ concentration for half maximal activation Ca2+ uptake shifted to a high concentration. On the other hand, neuraminidase treatment resulted in a 43--93% increase in ATP dependent Ca2+ uptake. But, the Ca2+ concentration for half maximal activation in Ca2+ uptake was not shifted by neuraminidase treatment. The results show that plasma membrane plays an important role in regulating the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. The results also suggest that a glycoprotein linked with sialic acid is involved in the flux of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane. PMID- 7265600 TI - [Effect of tetragastrin on electrical and contractile activities of the canine stomach and duodenum (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of tetragastrin on stomach and duodenum in conscious dogs was studied by using bipolar electrodes and strain gauges. (1) The basal electric rhythm interval of stomach and duodenum became short under the administration of gastrin and it's changes were the same in cases of fasting or feeding as well as medical vagotomy. Also the response was found to be dependent on it's dosage. (2) Gastrin had no constant effect on the propagation velocity of stomach. (3) The basal electric rhythm interval at maximum point of the shortening after the intramuscular injection of 4 micrograms/kg of gastrin, was roughly equal with the interval of animals having the continuous intravenous infusion 5 micrograms/kg/h of gastrin. The shortening of the basal electric rhythm interval was recognized for 60--90 minutes. (4) Gastrin changed the pattern of contractile activities of the stomach from that of a fasted condition to a regular contraction which is usually recognized after meals. The strength of regular contraction of the stomach was dependent on the dosage of gastrin. (5) The maximum driven frequencies were slightly reduced during gastrin stimulation, compared to normal stomach frequencies. PMID- 7265601 TI - [Effects of some kinds of antibiotics on the electrical and mechanical activities of guinea-pig taenia coli (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of some kinds of antibiotics on the electrical and mechanical activities of guinea-pig taenia coli were investigated. The sucrose gap method was used for measurement of electrical activity and simultaneously isometric tension was recorded. Both cephalothin (2.4 mM) and lincomycin (2.2 mM) did not cause any effect on the spontaneous electrical and mechanical activities. Chloramphenicol (3.1 mM) completely abolished the spontaneous spike discharges and relaxed the smooth muscle in a short time, while clindamycin (2.2 mM) took a long time to produce an effect as same as chloramphenicol. Both chloramphenicol and clindamycin abolished the stimulus-induced spikes and Sr-spikes. All of these responses were reversible by washing out with normal Krebs solution. These results suggest that chloramphenicol and clindamycin may inhibit Ca2+ influx through the Ca2+ channels across the smooth muscle cell membrane. PMID- 7265602 TI - [Effect of dopamine and its antagonists on contractile activity of the lower esophageal sphincter and the stomach (author's transl)]. AB - Effect of dopamine and its antagonists, domperidone and metoclopramide (MCP), on contractile activity of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the stomach was studied in 5 healthy conscious dogs. Contractile activity was measured by means of chronically implanted force transducers. Contractile activity of the LES and the stomach was completely inhibited by an intravenous infusion of dopamine (10, 20 and 40 micrograms/kg-min) during the digestive and interdigestive state. Domperidone, when administered alone (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg), had no effect on contractile activity of the LES and the stomach during the both periods. Though deprived of any noticeable effect on the digestive contractions, MCP (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) abolished the interdigestive contractions and produced characteristic contractions. Domperidone restored postprandial and interdigestive contractions to their initial stage before dopamine administration in a dose related fashion. Dopamine-induced inhibition was antagonized by MCP during the digestive state, however, MCP had no effect on the interdigestive contractions that had been inhibited by dopamine. Since domperidone has no activity upon normal contractions of the gastrointestinal tract, it may be assumed that if domperidone alone has some influence upon gut motor activity or any improvement in clinical symptoms is seen after domperidone, a disorder of the dopaminergic system could be strongly suggested. PMID- 7265603 TI - [A study of coexistence of bronchogenic carcinoma and active pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265604 TI - [Clinical effect of chemotherapy including minocycline on lung infection due to Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265605 TI - Clinical experience with isobutol: a new molecular combination of ethambutol-INH. PMID- 7265606 TI - [A case of miliary tuberculosis showing impaired liver function with polyneuritis as an initial manifestation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265607 TI - [A case with marked esophageal dilatation and bilateral upper lobe tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265608 TI - [Proceeding of the 56th Congress of the Japanese Society of Tuberculosis]. PMID- 7265610 TI - [Effect of propranolol, nifedipine and aminophylline on ST and T changes in spontaneous cardiac rhythm in patients with artificial pacemaker]. PMID- 7265609 TI - [Psychological aspects of clinical death in myocardial infarct complicated by ventricular fibrillation]. PMID- 7265611 TI - [Effect of arteriovenous shunts used in hemodialysis in chronic renal failure on various hemodynamic parameters]. PMID- 7265613 TI - [Drug therapy of angina pectoris]. PMID- 7265612 TI - [Acute traumatic aortic valve insufficiency]. PMID- 7265615 TI - [Effect of isometric exertion (handgrip) on left-ventricular activity in angina pectoris evaluated by ultrasonocardiography]. PMID- 7265614 TI - [Multipoint electrocardiogram (W35 -ecg) in the diagnosis of subendocardial myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7265616 TI - [Shunt syndrome - complication of continuous artificial cardiac pacing]. PMID- 7265617 TI - [Occlusive rheoangiography as a method of determining basal and maximal blood flow in arteriosclerosis of the legs]. PMID- 7265618 TI - [Electrocardiographic findings and coronary disease risk among male workers aged 40-59]. PMID- 7265619 TI - [Effect of ventricular fibrillation on coronary circulation and metabolism and ultrastructural changes in the myocardium]. PMID- 7265620 TI - [Changes in sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus ions and water in rat heart homogenates in acute experimental uremia]. PMID- 7265621 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the physical, x-ray and hemodynamic data in assessing heart failure in myocardial infarct]. AB - The physical and X-ray findings in 103 patients with acute myocardial infarction were compared with the value of left-ventricular filling pressure (LVFP). The LVFP was determined from the level of end diastolic pressure in the pulmonary artery determined by means of a balloon catheter. On the whole, the congruence was revealed between the X-ray findings and the LVFP. A still more definite picture may be obtained of the LVFP value if the results of physical examination are considered in addition to the X-ray data. At the same time, a disparity arises in some cases between the information obtained by means of catheterization of the pulmonary artery on the one hand and the physical and X-ray methods on the other. This must be borne in mind in applying intensive therapeutic measures, e. g. in cases with acute left-ventricular insufficiency, because erroneous therapeutic tactics may be chosen due to "post-therapeutic delay" of the physical and X-ray symptoms. PMID- 7265623 TI - [Circadian periodicity of the tolerance for physical loading in different forms of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7265622 TI - [Venoarterial perfusion without oxygenation as a means of mechanical aid to the heart in acute failure]. AB - The efficacy of veno-arterial perfusion without oxygenation was established in experiments on dogs with a model of acute cardiac insufficiency. The overall index of circulation and the percentage of the heart participation in it is an important criterion of the effectiveness of shunting of the left ventricle. This criterion made it possible to determine the therapeutic role of veno-arterial perfusion without oxygenation in aiding the diseased ventricle even when the size of the shunt did not exceed 1/3 of the initial cardiac ejection. PMID- 7265624 TI - [Cardiovascular system function in acute experimental occlusion of the inferior vena cava]. PMID- 7265625 TI - [Rupture of the interventricular septum in acute myocardial infarct of the right and left ventricles]. PMID- 7265626 TI - [Treatment of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7265627 TI - [Free-radical oxidation, antioxidants and atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7265628 TI - [Clinical periodization of myocardial infarct]. AB - Comparison of the clinical and laboratory tests with the findings of post-mortem examination of 82 hearts of patients who had died in different periods after the onset of the disease allowed the authors to distinguish three periods in the clinical course of myocardial infarction: necrotic, inflammatory and adaptational. Fever, leukocytosis, the time course of MB CPK activity, and the results of polyelectrode ECG are reliable indicators of the duration of the necrotic period. The content of the protein-carbohydrate complexes in the blood adequately reflect the exudative-proliferative phase, while the content of collagen metabolites in blood and urine reflect the collagenization phase of the inflammatory period. These tests allow the physical activity of each patient to be individualized under objective control over the rate of healing of the myocardial infarct. Most patients become fully adapted to life with a reduced mass of contractile myocardium three months after the onset of the disease. PMID- 7265629 TI - [Sudden death in patients with intraventricular conduction disorders in myocardial infarct]. AB - Examination of 900 patients with acute myocardial infarction was carried out, in 110 of them disorders of intraventricular conduction were revealed. Atrioventricular block of grade III-IV developed in 13 patients within the first 3 days of the disease. Nine patients died: asystolia developed in 4 of them, progressive cardiac insufficiency in 3, cardiogenic shock in 1, paroxysm of ventricular tachycardia followed by ventricular fibrillation in 1 patient. PMID- 7265630 TI - [Hemodynamic effect of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. AB - The author studied changes in central hemodynamics during counterpulsation with an intra-aortic balloon in 38 patients in the acute period of myocardial infarction. The main hemodynamic values were determined by thermodilution. A positive effect of counterpulsation on the cardiac output was revealed in patients with congestive cardiac insufficiency and marked disorders of rhythm and conduction. It is recommended that counterpulsation with an intra-aortic balloon be included in the complex of measures for treating acute hemodynamic disorders in the first 24 hours of complicated myocardial infarction. PMID- 7265631 TI - [Phenomenon of rosette formation intensification as a new diagnostic test in myocardial infarct]. AB - The blood sera of many patients with myocardial infarction, collected in the first 3 days of the disease, possessed the property of intensifying the ability of sheep erythrocytes to participate in the reaction of rosette-formation with the splenocytes of intact Wistar rats. The sera of most patients with atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis and those of healthy persons lack this property. The ability to intensify the participation of sheep erythrocytes in the rosette formation reaction is more frequently displayed by sera of patients with macrofocal than by those of patients with microfocal myocardial infarction. The sera of some patients with macrofocal myocardial infarction intensify the ability of sheep erythrocytes to participate in the rosette-formation reaction in a higher dilution than the sera of patients with microfocal myocardial infarction. PMID- 7265632 TI - [Dynamics of blood antioxidative activity in relation to ECG changes and the course of acute myocardial infarct]. AB - Blood serum antioxidation activity (AOA) was studied by the biophysical method of inhibited electrochemiluminescence in 500 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The degree of increased AOA depends on the size of the affected area. AOA intensity is greater in macrofocal than in microfocal myocardial infarction. It was established that in non-complicated myocardial infarction AOA is characterized by smooth dynamics with normalization of the values on the 3d week. Rapid AOA dynamics are encountered in II or III degree chronic congestive circulatory insufficiency. Protracted dynamics of antioxidation activity (longer than 3 weeks) is evidence of a recurrent character of the disease. PMID- 7265633 TI - [Intracardiac hemodynamics and myocardial contractile function indices in chronic ischemic heart disease]. AB - Echocardiography was used in the examination of 51 patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD) without accompanying hypertension and congestive circulatory insufficiency. With gradual advancement of the disease, a significant increase in left-ventricular volumes during the systole and diastole was recorded as well as a decrease in the ejection fraction (IF) and velocity of circulatory shortening of the myocardial fibres (Vch) in slight variations of the stroke volume. The IF and Vch were the most characteristic indices for appraising the early manifestations of myocardial contractility disorders. The index of left ventricular structure functioning intensity (SFI) was used to characterize the functional state of the heart muscle. In patients with a severe course of the disease, SFI was found to be reduced because of an increase in the myocardial mass. The developing damage hypertrophy, however, did not provide for full compensation of left-ventricular function and was attended by a reduction of the indices of contractility and pump function of the heart. This provides the grounds for the assumption that the reduction of SFI in patients with severe IHD is associated with exclusion of part of the myocardium involved in the pathological process from effective functioning. PMID- 7265634 TI - [Study method for registering cardiovascular morbidity with automatic processing of medical data]. AB - Automation of the registration of cardiological diseases provides the basis for creating an automated system of control in cardiology, which may be used to analyse the disease incidence for any length of time and to obtain, whenever required, extensive operative information on the activity of therapeutic and prophylactic establishments. This information will serve for judging the condition of specialized cardiological service on the whole as well as in different territorial and production-shop areas, and in cardiological offices, and for estimating the need in hospitalization according to the forms of cardiological diseases. This, in turn, makes it possible to improve the planning of medical care measures. PMID- 7265635 TI - [Electro- and echocardiographic changes during an angina attack in an ergometrine pharmacological test]. AB - The authors examined 29 patients with ischemic heart disease and 3 patients with neurocirculatory dystonia. According to the results of echocardiography it was found that dilatation of the left ventricle and decrease in its contractility were more pronounced when the anginous attack was attended by a rise of the ST segment on the ECG than when it was attended by depression of the ST segment. During an ergometry-induced anginose attack with no changes on the ECG the diastolic filling of the left ventricle was disturbed but its contractility did not change, which evidently points to early manifestations of ischemic changes in the myocardium. PMID- 7265636 TI - [Combined use of psychological and physical loading tests in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. AB - Reactions of heart ectopic activity in psychological exercise were similar to those in bicycle ergometry, but the values of pulse and arterial pressure increase were lower. The advantages of the psychological exercise test in detecting disorders of cardiac rhythm in patients, particularly in those hypersensitive to psychogenic effects, is noted. The importance of using psychological exercises in patients with high tolerance to physical exercises, by means of which latent forms of arrhythmias cannot always be detected, is pointed out. PMID- 7265637 TI - [Serum cholesterol and blood lipoproteins in the newborn infant]. AB - The cholesterol content in blood serum and lipoprotein fractions was studied in 190 randomly selected and 386 specially selected newborns. There were no immature infants in either group. The content of cholesterol and triglycerides hardly differed in the two groups. Hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol above 118 mg/100 ml) was revealed in 9% of the infants. Analysis of cholesterol distribution in lipoprotein fractions showed no difference between boys and girls in these indices. In 11% of children hypercholesterolemia was accompanied by hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Hyperbetalipoproteinemia (cholesterol of low density lipoproteins above 64 mg/100 ml) was revealed in 7% of infants, in 10 of them in the presence of hypercholesterolemia. Newborns with a combination of hypercholesterolemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia should evidently be kept under surveillance for many years during which preventive measures are applied. PMID- 7265638 TI - [Effectiveness of various dopamine doses in acute myocardial ischemia complicated by cardiogenic shock (an experimental study)]. AB - The effect of various doses of dopamine on the values of cardiac contractile and hemodynamic function under conditions of acute two-hour ischemia complicated by cardiogenic shock was studied in 27 experiments on dogs. In a dose of 5 microgram/kg/min dopamine caused an optimum increase in cardiac productive capacity, reduction of peripheral resistance, adequate increase in coronary circulation and decrease in ST segment depression on the ECG. Infusion of 10 microgram/kg/min dopamine usually caused myocardial hyperfunction with an increase in total peripheral resistance and cardiac performance. Maximum dopamine doses (10 microgram/kg/min and more) were effective in the areactive form of cardiogenic shock. In longterm dopamine infusion it is necessary to establish continuous control over the hemodynamic parameters and the ECG to prevent aggravation of ischemia and for stage-by-stage reduction of the drug concentration and determination of the minimum maintenance dose. PMID- 7265639 TI - [Effectiveness and duration of glucocorticoids in myocardial infarct (an experimental study)]. AB - The authors studied the effect of prednisolone on the course of experimental myocardial infarction in rats. The results provide evidence that the effect of prednisolone on the course of experimental myocardial infarction is favourable when it is used in the first 6 days; medication with this drug over a longer period of time or its use in later stages is not recommended. PMID- 7265640 TI - [Adenine nucleotide metabolic characteristics in different forms of myocardial infarct]. AB - The "adenosine" and "non-adenosine" mechanisms of adenine nucleotide (ATP, ADP, AMP KP) metabolism were studied in 58 patients with myocardial infarction. Predominant activation of the "adenosine" mechanism of metabolism was revealed in patients with acute myocardial infarction with a marked pain syndrome in the first 24 hours of the disease. In the painless form of myocardial infarction the "nonadenosine" nucleotide metabolism is activated while the "adenosine" type is inhibited. The determination and comparison of indices reflecting the condition of the "adenosine" and "nonadenosine" mechanisms of metabolism provide the possibility for evaluating the severity of the pathological process and, on this basis, elaborating a differentiated approach to the treatment of the patient. PMID- 7265642 TI - [Contamination of human milk, cow milk and butter with chlorinated hydrocarbons in East Germany]. PMID- 7265641 TI - Idiopathic edema: role of diuretic abuse. PMID- 7265643 TI - [Rational diagnosis of mucoviscidosis by a modified method of sweat chloride determination]. PMID- 7265644 TI - [Pancreatic pseudocyst with splenic involvement]. PMID- 7265645 TI - [Simultaneous perforation of 2 duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7265646 TI - [Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 7265647 TI - [Method for appendectomy in children]. PMID- 7265648 TI - [Appendiceal cysts]. PMID- 7265649 TI - [Right-sided traumatic diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 7265650 TI - [Functional disorders of the physiologic cardia and their correction]. PMID- 7265651 TI - [Clinicoanatomic basis for the selective vagotomy technic]. PMID- 7265652 TI - [Choice of the surgical method in duodenal ulcer perforating into the common bile duct]. PMID- 7265654 TI - [Surgical procedure in peptic gastroduodenal hemorrhages]. PMID- 7265653 TI - [Diagnosis of chronic duodenal obstruction]. PMID- 7265656 TI - [The role of X-ray study in the differential diagnosis of ulcerated forms of stomach cancer]. PMID- 7265655 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 7265657 TI - [Late surgical treatment results in Hirschsprung's disease in children]. PMID- 7265658 TI - [Clinical endoscopic characteristics of small intestine-large intestine anastomoses]. PMID- 7265659 TI - [Phlegmonous inflammation of the small and large intestines]. PMID- 7265660 TI - [Treatment of external intestinal fistulae]. PMID- 7265661 TI - [Volvulus of the sigmoid]. PMID- 7265662 TI - [Use of gluteus maximus muscle flaps in treating anal sphincter incompetence]. PMID- 7265663 TI - [Antitoxic and antienzymatic immunity of patients with suppurative processes in the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7265664 TI - [Prevention and treatment of functional intestinal obstruction after interventions on the abdominal organs]. PMID- 7265665 TI - [Surgical treatment of vesicoureteral lesions in children]. PMID- 7265666 TI - [Emergency hemorrhoidectomy in acute thrombosis of hemorrhoids]. PMID- 7265667 TI - [Difficulties and errors in determining the indications for relaparotomy]. PMID- 7265668 TI - [Indications for relaparotomy]. PMID- 7265669 TI - [Errors and complications in drainage of the small intestine]. PMID- 7265670 TI - [Treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers with the use of endoscopic polymers]. PMID- 7265671 TI - [Bougienage of the esophagus with a metal string guide]. PMID- 7265673 TI - [Staphylococcal bacteremia in biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7265675 TI - [Immunobiological factors in wound healing]. PMID- 7265674 TI - [Antitoxic immunity in acute suppurative processes in the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7265672 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in postoperative peritonitis]. PMID- 7265676 TI - [Fir oil in the treatment of suppurative wounds]. PMID- 7265677 TI - [Diagnosis of non-clostridial anaerobic infections]. PMID- 7265678 TI - [Social development program of the USSR]. PMID- 7265679 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in treating anaerobic and putrefactive infection]. PMID- 7265680 TI - [Prognosis of the outcome of burns]. PMID- 7265681 TI - [Experimental basis for using meturakol in treating deep burns and wounds of the skin]. PMID- 7265682 TI - [Treatment of burns in a controlled abacterial environment]. PMID- 7265683 TI - [Bacteriological characteristics of the operating field]. PMID- 7265684 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of bone paronychia in children]. PMID- 7265685 TI - [Fixed dermatoplasty of wounds and ulcers of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7265686 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of soft tissue lesions in deep frostbite]. PMID- 7265687 TI - [Differential diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases of the cardia]. PMID- 7265688 TI - [Comparative evaluation of subclavian vein catheterization in burns and in 'pure' surgical patients]. PMID- 7265690 TI - [Hepatorenal failure in suppurative, septic infection]. PMID- 7265689 TI - [Septic endocarditis due to Gram-negative nonfermenting flora after open-heart operations]. PMID- 7265692 TI - [Method of draining the abdominal cavity in diffuse, suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 7265691 TI - [Immunological aspects of the pathogenesis and treatment of postinjection phlegmons]. PMID- 7265693 TI - [Use of papain in treating suppurative postoperative soft tissue complications and diseases]. PMID- 7265694 TI - [Selective proximal vagotomy in pyloroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7265696 TI - [Evaluation of surgical treatment results in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7265695 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic duodenal obstruction]. PMID- 7265697 TI - [Surgical care of patients with acute organic diseases of the abdominal cavity in Byelorussian SSR]. PMID- 7265698 TI - [Stomach evacuatory motor function and bioelectric activity in peptic stenosis before and after surgery]. PMID- 7265699 TI - [Ways of improving treatment results in acute mechanical intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 7265700 TI - [Causes of death in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7265701 TI - [Combined treatment of appendicular peritonitis in young children]. PMID- 7265702 TI - [Surgical procedure in strangulated hernias]. PMID- 7265703 TI - [surgical treatment of recurrent rectal fistulae]. PMID- 7265704 TI - [Rare localizations of echinococcosis]. PMID- 7265705 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of postoperative peptic ulcers]. PMID- 7265706 TI - [Diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7265707 TI - [Analysis of diagnostic and procedural errors in chronic appendicitis]. PMID- 7265709 TI - [Creation of a controllable closure apparatus after excision of the rectum]. PMID- 7265708 TI - [Diagnostic errors in peritonitis]. PMID- 7265710 TI - [Modification of a method for introducing gastrointestinal fiberscopes]. PMID- 7265712 TI - [Posttraumatic cicatricial obstruction of the pylorus in a child]. PMID- 7265711 TI - [Peritonitis in newborn infants]. PMID- 7265713 TI - [Ventral hernia with spontaneous rupture of the hernial sac and integument]. PMID- 7265714 TI - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in the prevention of necrosis of the graft in esophagoplasty]. PMID- 7265715 TI - [Retrograde puncture aorto-arteriography in the diagnosis of acute and chronic obstruction of the blood vessels of the pelvis and lower limbs]. PMID- 7265716 TI - ["Dry" amputation method in atherosclerotic gangrene of the lower extremity]. PMID- 7265717 TI - [Retrograde pancreatocholangiography]. PMID- 7265718 TI - [Reconstructive surgery in occlusive diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7265720 TI - [Late results of reconstructive surgery of the blood vessels in atherosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7265719 TI - [Isolated profundoplasty in the management of femoropopliteal occlusions]. PMID- 7265721 TI - [Possible use of human umbilical veins in arterial reconstructions]. PMID- 7265722 TI - [Traumatic occlusion of the renal artery]. PMID- 7265723 TI - [Surgical methods in bilateral lesions of the renal arteries]. PMID- 7265725 TI - [Surgery of the venous system in the management of patients with postthrombotic syndromes]. PMID- 7265726 TI - [Lymphovenostomy in lymphedema of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7265724 TI - [Surgical treatment of rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 7265727 TI - [Diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with postthrombophlebitic disease of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7265728 TI - [Combined method of myocardial protection during surgical correction of acquired valvular diseases]. PMID- 7265729 TI - [Combined thoracic injuries]. PMID- 7265730 TI - [Recurrence of carcinoma in the anastomosis following gastrectomy and proximal resection of the stomach]. PMID- 7265731 TI - [Current possibilities in blood vessel transplantation]. PMID- 7265732 TI - [Surgical treatment of rectal neoplasms in combination with preoperative endolymphatic therapy using dibunol solution]. PMID- 7265734 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7265733 TI - [Possible use of umbilical cord veins in reconstructive surgery of the arteries of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7265735 TI - [Several aspects of deontology in the surgery]. PMID- 7265736 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of an aneurysm of the large subcutaneous femoral vein]. PMID- 7265737 TI - [Complications of catheterization of the subclavian vein]. PMID- 7265738 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute thrombosis of hemorrhoids]. PMID- 7265739 TI - [The relationship between pressure regulation and anatomic localization as well as trephine sites in goniotrepanation. A prospective study]. AB - Long-term regulation of IOP after trephining procedures was studied in 65 eyes with regard to the anatomical localization of the trephine hole. The observation period ranged between six and 39 months. The anatomical localization had no statistically significant influence on long-term pressure regulation after surgery, nor on the immediate postoperative situation. It was clinically impossible to localize the trephine within the trabecular area including Schlemm's canal with a high degree of accuracy. The use of larger-diameter trephines did not increase the probability of striking Schlemm's canal. With larger-diameter trephines the immediate effect on IOP was more pronounced, but the long-term IOP response was poorer. The absence of a filtering bleb or the development of a large filtering bleb was significantly more often associated with poor regulation of IOP in the long term. Where the trephine was positioned closer to the sclera, the incidence of choroidal detachment was higher. The diameter of the trephine had no effect on the occurrence of postoperatively flat chambers or choroidal detachments. Nor did the anatomical localization influence the incidence of postoperatively flat chambers. PMID- 7265740 TI - [Involvement of the optical system and ocular muscle nuclear in subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh) from a pathomorphological point of view (author's transl)]. AB - We report on the pathomorphological findings in the optical system, including the ocular muscles, of a girl who died at the age of 15 of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh). The first symptom of the disease, which was caused by respiratory insufficiency, was the alteration in visual function seven-and-a half years previously. In addition, changes in pupillary innervation and disturbances of motility of the eyes were noted during the early stages of the disease and therefore represent an important sign in differential diagnosis. Clinical, pathomorphological and differential diagnosis, aspects of this rare disease are discussed. PMID- 7265741 TI - [The late development of striae vitreae of keratoconus (author's transl)]. AB - A young patient with corneal striae vitreae in the left eye, caused by obstetrical trauma was followed up for several years by the authors and treated for amblyopia due to sight astigmatism. When the patient was eight years old a change in the shape of the cornea was observed some months after a recession of the medial rectus and typical features of keratoconus appeared. The authors discussed the pathogenesis of the so-called traumatic keratoconus and point out that late development of striae vitreae to keratoconus is by no means unlikely, and should be taken into consideration for the prognosis and in forensic medicine considered. PMID- 7265742 TI - [Retinal hemorrhage associated with retinal artery macroaneurysm (author's transl)]. AB - A report on four cases of an isolated aneurysm of a major retinal artery branch accompanied by retinal hemorrhage and edema (so-called macroaneurysm of the retinal arteries (Robertson)]. In two cases an indirect argon laser coagulation was performed, which facilitated absorption of the associated macular edema and rapidly improved visual acuity. PMID- 7265743 TI - [Specular microscopy - a comparison of the contact and non-contact-method (author's transl)]. AB - For the examination of living corneal endothelium two techniques are at present available. The differences between them, with regard to postoperative usability, optical phenomena, magnification, cell counting artefacts and costs are discussed. The differences are illustrated by reference to clinical cases. PMID- 7265744 TI - [Structural indices: Their application and the most frequent occurrence of errors]. PMID- 7265745 TI - [Physical effort effect on cerebral vascular reaction in patients with hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265746 TI - [Exercise effect on the intraocular pressure: I. Intraocular pressure changes during exercise in eyes without glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265747 TI - [Timolol in the treatment of glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265748 TI - [Phacoaspiration in surgery of traumatic cataract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265749 TI - [Early and late complications after removal of diabetic cataract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265750 TI - [Toxic effects of ethambutol on the visual system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265751 TI - [The usefulness of contact lens for treatment of infected penetrating corneal wounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265752 TI - [Light-conducting-fibre properties of retinal receptors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265753 TI - [Retinitis pigmentosa and its experimental model: IV. Biochemical investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265754 TI - [The use of light-conducting fibres in ophthalmological equipment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265755 TI - [Visual system protection against infrared radiation: I. Previous investigations of the harmful effects in infrared radiation on the visual system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265756 TI - [Modern views on the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265757 TI - [Phacoemulsification (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265758 TI - [Clinical importance of cryotherapy in corneal herpes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265759 TI - [On the development of intraocular hypertension (glaucoma) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265760 TI - [Experiences with timolol use in cases of glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265761 TI - [Experimental lens removal with a FCK-1 phacoemulsifier (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265762 TI - Lensectomy. PMID- 7265763 TI - [Methylmercury chloride effect on certain lipid metabolism components in the optic nerve in white rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265764 TI - [Damage to the chamber angle after eyeball contusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265765 TI - [Treatment of disturbances in the functions of extraocular muscles after failures of primary management of blow-out fracture of the orbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265766 TI - [Techniques of management of orbital cavity exenteration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265768 TI - Papilloma of the caruncle. PMID- 7265767 TI - [Investigations on the incidence of nasal septum abnormalities in infants with congenital atresia of lacrimal ducts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265769 TI - [Eye signs in anomalies of sex chromosomes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265770 TI - [Rebound pulsation in the diagnosis of obstacles in internal carotid artery circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265771 TI - [Photography of eye fundus blood vessels in monochromatic light (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265772 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of retinal detachment with poor prognosis in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265773 TI - [Choroid pigmentous naevi: diagnosis, and prognosis on the basis of fluorescein angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265774 TI - [Ultrasonography A in the diagnosis of intraocular tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265775 TI - [Coexistence of neoplasms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265776 TI - [Rare complications of orbital phlegomon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265777 TI - [Studies on early cryotherapy in experimental corneal burns (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265778 TI - [Vision organ protection against infrared radiation: II. Experimental emitter of infrared radiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265780 TI - [Assessment of the effect of long-lasting near-distance work on ocular refraction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265779 TI - [The usefulness of thermographic examination in the diagnosis of peripheral retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265781 TI - [Differences in the prevalence of refraction errors in children living in a polluted environment and in children living in a non-polluted environment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265783 TI - [Radon inhalations applied in the treatment of eye fundus diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265782 TI - [Enzyme activity determinations in ophthalmological patients: III. Comparative determinations of lysozyme and SGPT activity and peripheral blood composition in patients with eye diseases of various aetiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265784 TI - [Postoperative corneal astigmatism after cataract microcryoextraction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265785 TI - [Oculocentrometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265786 TI - [Disturbances in secretion of tears in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265787 TI - [A rare case of congenital dacryoectasia in a newborn (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265788 TI - [Regional care of children and adolescents with neoplasms in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 7265789 TI - [Initial treatment of acute childhood leukemia with extreme leukocytosis by blood exchange transfusion -- rheological aspects (author's transl)]. AB - In leukemia patients with extremely high leukocytosis the great number of poorly deformable lymphoblasts compared to normally deformable red cells greatly influences the flow properties of leukemic blood. The increased blood viscosity implies a great risk of disturbance of the microcirculation by leukostasis and bleeding. Removal of large amounts of leukemic cells by exchange transfusion with fresh blood diminished leukemic cell burden and reduced the initial elevated leukocyte counts by more than 50% in 3 patients. In addition, anemia and thrombocytopenia improved and the disturbed plasma coagulation returned to normal. One of the patients with additional risk factors treated by exchange transfusion died 8 months after diagnosis in hematologic release. The two other patients perform well without relapse six and nine months after diagnosis, respectively. Exchange transfusion with 150 ml/kg of fresh blood is considered to be of value to avoid severe early complications as e.g. massive intracerebral hemorrhage observed in 3 other patients and to correct hematological and rheological abnormalities in childhood leukemia with extreme leukocytosis. Possible favourable effects as to long term prognosis have to be awaited. PMID- 7265790 TI - [Psychological aspects of radiotherapy of children and adolescents (author's transl)]. AB - The increasing importance of radiotherapy in tumor of childhood demands the investigation and consideration of the psychological aspects of this afflicting therapy. In this paper the results obtained by questioning and observing 28 children of different ages, their parents, attendants and employees of several radiological departments are discussed. As the children's fantasies and the resulting anxieties and reactions are depending on the respective intellectual and emotional developmental stage detailed proposals concerning the preparation and performance of radiation in toddlers, school children and adolescents are presented. PMID- 7265791 TI - [Medulloblastoma cerebelli in childhood--retrospective evaluation of diagnostic methods and therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265792 TI - [Dedifferentiating intracerebral neuroblastoma resistant to x-ray and drug therapy -- a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A new case of primary intracerebral neuroblastoma is reported. The patient, a 2 year old boy, was subjected to temporary successful craniotomy, postoperative irradiation and cytostatic therapy without any influence on the recurrence of the tumor. In contrast to the possible well-known maturation of neuroblastomas a dedifferentiating process occurred. The boy died 8 1/2 months after diagnosis. PMID- 7265793 TI - [On the chemotherapy of Ewing's sarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - Because of the high incidence of pulmonary and skeletal metastases after only local treatment adjuvant systemic chemotherapy is mandatory in Ewing's sarcoma. The drugs most often used thereby are Actinomycin D, Cyclophosphamid, Anthracyclines and Vincristine. In polychemotherapeutic trials two year disease free survival rates of 80% and more have been accomplished. The rate of local tumour control after radiotherapy is enhanced by chemotherapy but untoward reactions of bone and soft tissue are also. The extent of radiation portals and time indispensable dose of radiation therefore have to be reviewed again. But in view of debilitating side effects of radio-chemotherapy surgical procedures have to be considered individually. PMID- 7265794 TI - [Surgical Treatment of Ewing's sarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - Radical tumor surgery for Ewing's sarcoma implies the complete removal of the tumor bearing bone. Ablative surgery can be considered in some cases e.g. distal lower extremity tumors in growing children. Resection often leads to poor functional results when the whole tumor bearing bone is removed. The poor function can be improved with the use of custom made endoprosthesis. The resection of the tumor bulk with postsurgical radiation might be an alternative approach with optimal function and minimal risk for the patient. The importance of biopsy technique is stressed to avoid confusion in the diagnosis and difficulties for definite surgical control. PMID- 7265795 TI - [On the histopathological problems and diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265796 TI - [Cooperative documentation of childhood malignancies (author's transl)]. AB - Since January 1980 a nationwide documentation of childhood malignancies is performed in the FRG. The cooperative documentation system is supported by the Stiftung Volkswagen-werk and centralized at the Institut fur Medizinische Statistik und Dokumentation (IMSD) of the university of Mainz. During the first year of the project the incidence of 1002 malignancies has been reported from a total of 62 hospitals with a still increasing number of cooperating centers. The documentation scheme is based on recommendations of the ADT (working group of tumor centers in the FRG) which are in accordance with international recommendations by the W.H.O., U.I.C.C. etc. A newly diagnosed malignancy is reported by a short standardized form to the IMSD which in turn sends out tumor specific questionnaires of modular structure for obtaining relevant baseline variables. Patient follow-up is achieved by obtaining the status of all patients at least twice a year which is sent in a condensed format to the IMSD. Besides obtaining basic epidemiological data the system will provide detailed analyses on the course of the different malignancies, allow comparisons between different disease groups as well as different hospitals and will serve as a recruiting basis for controlled clinical trials. PMID- 7265797 TI - [The prognostic significance of determining bioelectric brain maturity in newborn infants with perinatal complication (author's transl)]. AB - 92 infants were studied in order to determine the prognostic value of bioelectric brain maturity assessment during newborn period. Psychomotor development was followed up until infants were at least one year old. Infants with abnormal follow-up examination findings showed a statistically significant retardation of "EEG-maturity" in comparison with infants who developed normally. The more unfavourable the psychomotor development was, the more immature was the EEG pattern. The prognosis of 6 infants whose "EEG-maturity" was extremely retarded (= 4 weeks immature) was severe; their follow-up examination revealed either definite pathological findings or severe cerebral damage. All newborns whose abnormal electroencephalogram recording did not allow assessment of "EEG maturity" developed severe cerebral damage. Comparing the prognostic value of risk factors with the bioelectric brain maturity the last method proved to be more valuable. Especially in infants with perinatal hypoxia this method showed the highest prognostic value. PMID- 7265798 TI - [Pneumothorax in the newborn (author's transl)]. AB - 47 cases of Pneumothorax (P) were encountered among 3679 consecutive patients of the neonatology unit of the Landes Kinderkrankenhaus Linz (= 1.3%). Of these 47 cases 38 occurred in artificially ventilated patients this amounts to 11.7% of all 325 ventilated newborn babies during the study period. Only 9 Pneumothoraces (= 0.24%) occurred spontaneously. Pneumothoraces in non ventilated patients were confined to the first few hours of life while the risk of pneumothorax is equally spread over the ventilation period in babies on respirators. Pneumothoraces which occurred in ventilated babies showed always tension signs while only 2 of the 9 spontaneously occurring pneumothoraces showed increased tensions. Transillumination of thorax was extremely helpful as bedside test for diagnosis. PMID- 7265799 TI - [The effect of phototherapy on serum uric acid (author's transl)]. AB - 20 newborn infants treated wih phototherapy for icterus neonatorum had analyzed their glutathione reductase activity in the erythrocytes, serum uric acid concentration and the urinary content of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine before and after phototherapy. The activity of glutathione reductase is a sensitive indicator for the availability of riboflavine. There was a significant decrease of serum riboflavine and of serum uric acid during light therapy. The decrease of serum uric acid concentration is discussed as effect of direct photodecomposition on one hand and an inhibitory effect of riboflavine deficiency on uric acid formation on the other. PMID- 7265800 TI - [Non-invasive determination of oxygen saturation with the oxygenmet pulse wave oximeter. Comparison with the invasive reflectometric method (author's transl)]. AB - Oxygen saturation was determined non-invasively with the oxygenmet pulse wave oximeter 1471 and at the same time with the invasive reflectometric method. The determinations were carried out on 49 children (males = 24, females = 25) during 52 catherizations of the heart. Among these children aged between one week and 15 years were 11 children suffering from cyanotic heart disease. Depending on age and health condition 1-8 blood samples from different arterial regions were analysed reflectometrically. The comparison between the oxygen saturations determined non-invasively with the oxygenmet oximeter and the oxygen saturations obtained invasively with the aid of the reflectometric method, showed a very close correlation (r = 0.923), however the differences were statistically significant. The comparison of the calculated regression line with the ideal regression line revealed that the values of the two methods differed considerably, especially in the range of low oxygen saturations. The causes for these differences, especially the absorption effect of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue of cyanotic patients, were discussed. PMID- 7265802 TI - [Pericarditis in meningococcal meningitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265801 TI - [Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in Austria. Four cases with one fatal outcome. 2. Pathological findings]. AB - First pathoanatomic case report of mucocutaneous lymph-node syndrome (MCLS) from Austria: A 3 1/2 year old boy was admitted to the Pediatric Department with a six day history of fever and bilateral conjunctivitis. He showed a maculous exanthema, red and fissuring lips, reddened tonsils and a coated tongue. Submandibular lymph nodes were swollen (1 cm diameter); ESR 128/138; peripheral leukocytosis 17 x 10(9)/l. On the tenth day of illness membranous desquamation from the fingertips and a strawberry tongue was observed. The ECG showed a myocardial infarction in the apical portion of the left ventricle. The boy died on the 25th day of illness. Pathological findings were found predominantly in the heart: Coronary arteries showed fibrous thickening of intimal layer, focal destruction of elastic membrane and aneurysms in both arteries. The aneurysm in the descending branch of the left coronary artery was 15 mm long and had a maximum diameter of 8 mm. It was completely occluded by a thrombus. Recurring anteroseptal myocardial infarction. Other investigated arteries were not affected. Tonsils as well as (paratracheal and parapancreatic) lymph-nodes showed a few ceroid pigment containing histiocytes. PMID- 7265803 TI - [Benign intracranial hypertension in childhood following mastoiditis (author's transl)]. AB - Case report concerning a three years old boy with benign intracranial hypertension. The typical symptoms are results of increased intracranial pressure, associated with headache, vomiting, choked disk, occasionally dehiscence of cranial sutures and sixth nerve paresis. In computed tomography there were no tumor signs. In childhood a possible cause in thrombosis of the lateral sinus following an occult mastoiditis after antibiotic therapy. Mastoidectomy, intensive antibiotic therapy as well as serial lumbar punctures led to complete recovery in most cases. PMID- 7265804 TI - [Syndrome Mulibrey Nanism. A case report and autopsy findings in a 8-month-old girl (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265805 TI - [Septo-optical dysplasia: oligosymptomatic form (author's transl)]. AB - It is reported on a nine year old boy with the oligosymptomatic form of the septo optical dysplasia de Morsier: congenital nystagmus with nearly complete loss of visus due to a hypoplasia of the opticus-nerve of both sides, growth retardation (dwarfism) because of STH-deficiency and lack of the gonadotropins. The septum pellucidum is present. The cause of this embryologic malformation within the prosencephalon is not known. PMID- 7265806 TI - [A syndrome of osteogenesis imperfecta, macrocephaly, wormian bones, frontal bossing, brachytelephalangy, hyperextensible joints, congenital blindness and oligophrenia in 3 sibs (author's transl)]. AB - A familial syndrome is described in three siblings. The disease is characterized by osteoporosis, macrocephalus with wormian bones and frontal bossing, brachytelephalangy, hyperextensibility of the joints, congenital amaurosis and low grade oligophrenia. Clinically similar syndromes as Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Amaurosis Congenita Leber or the Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma-Syndrome are discussed. The condition is thought to be an independent disease. PMID- 7265807 TI - [Syndrome of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia of Fisher in a 14 year old boy (author's transl)]. AB - The syndrome of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia first mentioned in 1932 by Collier and in 1938 by van Bogaert was described more precisely in 1956 by Fisher. It represents a specific clinical entity and is considered to be a variant of idiopathic polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barre). The most striking features are external (sometimes also internal) ophthalmoplegia, hyporeflexia or areflexia and cerebellar ataxia. During the first days paresthesias are frequently present whereas other disturbances of sensibility are not common. Additional signs of neurological lesions may be observed in association with the syndrome. Spinal fluid shows the typical albumino-cytological dissociation. The disease is characterized by its benign course. The etiology remains unclear, therapy is not necessary. PMID- 7265808 TI - [Frequency of central motor disturbances recognized by means of early diagnosis and their treatment by physiotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - With the help of questionnaires distributed among numerous practising paediatricians in the South of Baden, an attempt was made to collect data on the incidence of neurological anomalies in the development of babies, and their treatment by means of physiotherapy. It was found that on the average 8% of the infants were subjected to physiotherapy. Basing on an incidence of cerebral palsy amounting to 0.3-0.4%, this signifies that 95% of the children are being treated without any urgent indication. Hence, only such physiotherapeutic means should be employed which are free from harmful side effects. PMID- 7265809 TI - D-penicillamine in pregnancy--to ban or not to ban? AB - The action of D-penicillamine on collagen can cause undesired side-effects in the treatment of cystinuria and Wilson's disease, it is on the other hand essential to the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma. Furthermore D penicillamine can be potentially teratogenic, since it crosses the placental barrier. From the literature and our own observation of two pregnancies it is shown that among 87 pregnant women who received D-penicillamine 46 cases were treated during the whole period of pregnancy. Two infants from the latter group were found to have severe connective-tissue defects. We suggest that the dose of D-penicillamine in pregnant patients with cystinuria and Wilson's disease should be kept as low as possible. In the case of rheumatoid arthritis D-penicillamine should not be given during pregnancy. PMID- 7265810 TI - [Plasma catecholamines, metabolic substrates, aerobic and anaerobic capacity during graduated treadmill and bicycle ergometer exercise (author's transl)]. AB - Adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, and glycerine in blood, as well as heart frequency and oxygen intake were examined in 6 healthy male subjects (28 +/- 2.6 years) before, during and after a graduated treadmill (TME) and bicycle ergometer (BE) test. Adrenaline, noradrenaline, the energy supplying substrates, and the oxygen-intake show no differences during TME and BE at given submaximal levels. Noradrenaline is 27% (0.10 less than p less than 0.05) higher, pulse rate is 6% (p less than 0.05) lower, oxygen intake 4% (greater than 0.05) lower, and the glycerine level 25% (0.10 less than p less than 0.05) lower during maximal BE exercise. The tendency toward a higher noradrenaline release during BE exercise can be influenced by a greater static pressure stress opposed to a dynamic-circulatory stress during TME testing. An increased alphareceptor stimulation leads to a negative chronotropic effect, whose cause is assumed to be a baroreceptor stimulation. The TME induces a higher circulation and a more economic oxygen supplying of the muscles exercised, as well as a favourable fat oxidation, which is recognizable by a more rapid increase of glycerine (0.10 less than p less than 0.05). When referring to exercise acidification (a tendency toward a lower lactate production during submaximal TME testing shows here), oxygen intake capability, energy supplying substrates, and the catecholamines, both forms of ergometer testing are comparable one to another; a falsification appears only when plasma catecholamines and lactate levels are based on the heart frequency, as it is influenced by the form of exercise. PMID- 7265811 TI - [Biochemical and micromorphological investigation of lipids in small intestinal mucosa of patients with diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - Hyperlipemia is a frequent finding in diabetes mellitus. As not only the liver, but intestinal mucosa as well synthesizes endogenous lipoproteins, we have investigated the small intestinal mucosal lipid content in 11 adult patients with juvenile onset diabetes and in 7 patients with maturity onset diabetes. Eleven non-diabetic patients served as controls. After a fasting period of 12-14 h blood was drawn for determination of glucose, lipids and glycosylated hemoglobin AI. Then several small bowel biopsies were performed by an hydraulic multiple biopsy tube or endoscopically and the specimens were processed immediately for further biochemical, histochemical and electronmicroscopical workup. Patients with juvenile and with maturity onset diabetes did not differ from controls with regard to serum lipids and to intestinal mucosal lipids determined biochemically. Surprisingly, patients with maturity onset diabetes exhibited a significantly (p less than 0,005) higher concentration of intestinal mucosal triglycerides than patients with juvenile onset diabetes. Fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin AI levels were slightly elevated in both groups of diabetic patients. Histochemically lipid particles were demonstrable in intestinal mucosa of diabetics and of controls with equal variability. The electronmicroscopical appearance of intestinal mucosa did not differ between diabetic patients and controls. Only in one patient with juvenile onset diabetes an accumulation of lipid particles within the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus was observed. In conclusion, neither biochemically, nor histochemically, nor electronmicroscopically an abnormal accumulation of lipids could be found in the small intestinal mucosa of patients with well controlled diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7265812 TI - [Nomifensin-induced immune haemolytic anaemias (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of immune haemolytic anaemia and acute renal failure induced by nomifensine are reported. The two female patients had been under continuous nomifensin therapy because of reactive depressions. In both cases nomifensine had been discontinued and the clinical reactions--immune haemolytic anaemia and acute renal failure--started immediately after they had taken again a capsule of nomifensine. In one case the patient's serum contained a potent antibody which agglutinated her red blood cells in presence of nomifensine in the antiglobulin test. PMID- 7265813 TI - Selective inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis by ECHO-virus, type 9. AB - Preincubation (37 degrees C, 60 min) of human neutrophilic granulocytes with various concentrations of infectious ECHO virus, type 9, strain A. Barty resulted in virus-dose dependent inhibition of neutrophil chemotactic reactivity (Boyden chamber assay) to chemoattractants (F-Met-Leu-Phen: zymosan-activated human serum). Other cellular functions-phagocytosis, increase of oxidative cell metabolism, intracellular killing of live staphylococci--remained intact. This selective inhibition of human neutrophilic chemotaxis was due to viral induced cytotoxicity or competitive inhibition of chemotactic cell surface receptors. PMID- 7265814 TI - [The effect of disopyramide of left ventricular function: an echocardiographic study of the extent and time course (author's transl)]. AB - Seven healthy volunteers were evaluated for changes in left ventricular function after a therapeutic intravenous dose of Disopyramide (2 mg/kg, maximum 150 mg given over 5 min) and, subsequently, under oral maintenance therapy (200 mg every 6 h for 3 days). Parameters of left ventricular function were determined by Echocardiography. Measurements were taken before injection, 5--25 min after intravenous Disopyramide in intervals of 5 min and 120 min after the last oral dose of the drug. Peak changes occurred 5 min after termination of injection and included increases in mean arterial pressure (10%), heart rate (22%) and endsystolic ventricular diameter (30%) and decreases in percentage (43%) and mean velocity (36%) of diameter shortening, decreases of systolic thickness and percentage of thickening of left posterior wall (27 and 43% respectively) and of interventricular septum (15 and 22% respectively) as well as a decrease of the relative thickness of left ventricular wall (40%) and of left posterior (36%) and septal (39%) amplitude. After 20 min changes in all parameters were significantly less than 5 min after injection but still significantly greater than under oral maintenance therapy. After 25 min measurements differed from those under oral Disopyramide only slightly. At both times, however, all parameters were significantly different from control values. Thus, Disopyramide given intravenously and orally in therapeutic dosage is a potent myocardial depressant in man. As the acute negative inotropic effect of intravenous Disopyramide might be of clinical importance in patients with decreased myocardial function a slow injection over 15--20 min and a dose reduction is recommended in these cases. PMID- 7265815 TI - [Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of human aorta with isthmus stenosis]. AB - Aortas with isthmus stenosis (coarctation) can be regarded as a model for those changes of the vessel wall, that depend on blood pressure, as one can compare the proximal region (high pressure) with the distal one (low pressure). The Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca content of the vessel walls of 5 patients (age: 2 months to 34 years) were determined by electron probe microanalysis. We have used cryostat sections and measured the element concentrations from the lumen to the outer media. In this paper we discuss especially the measurements of Ca and P, as the mineral being deposited in the vessel wall, e.g. in arteriosclerosis, contains Ca and P. Up to 18 years Ca and P enrichments are found only in a subintimal band parallel to the lumen. The proximal region of the aorta of a 34 years old patient, however, demonstrated Ca and P enrichments in the whole media with a high peak in the subintimal band. The enrichments are proximally always higher than distally. Only in the distal region of the 2 months old infant no Ca or P enrichments were found, but they appeared proximally. Thus high blood pressure causes an enrichment of Ca and P in a subintimal band very rapidly and promotes the mineralization of the vessel wall. The quantitative electron probe microanalysis demonstrated these pathological alterations. PMID- 7265816 TI - Selenium and myocardial infarction: glutathione peroxidase in platelets. AB - The activity of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) was determined in platelets of 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 13 control subjects. The platelets of the patients had significantly lower activities of the enzyme (P(t) greater than 0.99). This may be related to the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 7265818 TI - The prognostic significance of hypocholesterolemia in hospitalized patients. AB - Hypocholesterolemia (less than 120 mg/dl) was found in 200 out of 3,700 patients admitted consecutively to a University Department of Internal Medicine. In 91, hypocholesterolemia as defined above could be confirmed in a second serum sample on the following day. Mortality during hospitalization in this group was 32%. When diagnoses were grouped into 5 categories, prognosis was particularly poor in heart (36%) and liver disease (31%) and in malignancies (33%), while patients with malabsorption syndromes had a considerably better prognosis (10% mortality). Hypocholesterolemia was associated with a low cholesterol/phospholipid ratio and may be among the first signs of further deterioration of disease. PMID- 7265820 TI - Effects of tamoxifen, stilbestrol and metyrapone on binding of various steroids to cytosol receptors in human breast cancer cytosols. PMID- 7265821 TI - A survey of canine dirofilaria invasion in a suburb of Tokyo (Nerima Ward). PMID- 7265817 TI - Pathobiology of breast cancer: hypothesis of biological predetermination and long term survival. AB - Th pathobiology of breast cancer is complex: clinically "early" breast cancer may be tumor biologically "late" progressing rapidly toward death. Accordingly, it has been suggested that two different breast cancer populations (slow tumor growth and long survival-fast tumor growth and short survival) exist, which cannot be identified by pathohistological criteria. However, these "populations" are most likely either patients with localized disease and occult metastases (long survival) or with diagnosable regional and occult or overt systemic spread (short survival). Since even small tumors (0.1 to 0.3 cm in diameter) can spread systemically, in most patients breast cancer upon clinical diagnosis may be considered an inevitably lethal disease. Present treatment modalities can only improve the quality of life and delay death, even though the overall long-term survival rates of breast cancer are better or at least equal to those of other cancers. However, with other cancers (Table 2) it is decided within the first 5 years which patients are cured because the survival rates for 5, 10, 15, and 20 years are similar. In contrast, survival rates of patients with breast cancer steadily decline and there is no point in time when patients can feel really safe; this is indicative of a peculiar tumor pathobiology of this disease, the nature of which remains to be investigated. Progress in the fight against breast cancer is only possible by application of sensitive physical, reliable immunological, and specific biochemical methods for early diagnosis and development of efficient therapeutic modalities for inhibition of growth or complete eradication of metastasized cancer cells. PMID- 7265819 TI - Hemoperfusion for organic mercury detoxication? AB - A case is reported with suicidal ingestion of 125 g Ceresan, a fungicide containing 3.5% Hg2=s methoxyethylmercury-chloride. Final absorption of mercury was approximately 706 to 977 mg, as extrapolated from mercury eliminated in urine. Activated charcoal hemoperfusion removed only 1% to 2% of the amount absorbed. During treatment with D-penicillamine and dimercaprol, which were alternated fortnightly, the mercury elimination half life was 25 days, as calculated from blood concentrations and 23 days as calculated from urine data. Except for local cauterization of the mouth and throat, no signs of liver, kidney or central nervous system intoxication were seen within a 3-month follow-up period. PMID- 7265822 TI - Transplacental and postnatal ethylnitrosourea-induced leukemia and neurogenic tumors in Donryu rats. PMID- 7265823 TI - [Crohn disease with a duodenal lesion]. PMID- 7265825 TI - [A case of aminalon-induced disease]. PMID- 7265824 TI - [Clinical aspects of acute lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7265826 TI - [Multiposition method of lung auscultation]. PMID- 7265827 TI - [Use of programmed situational tasks in the postgraduate training of physicians]. PMID- 7265828 TI - [Clofelin therapy of hypertensive crises]. PMID- 7265829 TI - [Clinical characteristics of internal diseases at the beginning of the '80s]. PMID- 7265830 TI - [Intravital diagnosis of aortic cusp rupture in protracted septic endocarditis]. PMID- 7265831 TI - [Heart rhythm disorders in climacteric cardiopathy and their treatment]. PMID- 7265832 TI - [Clinical biochemical changes in alcoholic myocardial dystrophy]. PMID- 7265833 TI - [Thrombocyte aggregation and fatty acid composition in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7265834 TI - [Significance of biliary gastroduodenal reflux in duodenal peptic ulcer in adolescents]. PMID- 7265835 TI - [Gastric secretory reaction to acute hypercalcemia as an index of the extent of antrectomy]. PMID- 7265836 TI - [Prognosis of gastroduodenal diseases under corticosteroid therapy in collagenosis]. PMID- 7265837 TI - [Immunological parameters in uremic patients under hemodialysis]. PMID- 7265839 TI - [Kidney function in arterial hypertension due to an occlusive lesion of the renal artery and pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7265838 TI - [Use of triampur in circulatory failure]. PMID- 7265840 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in acute carbon monoxide poisoning]. PMID- 7265841 TI - [Bacteriological control of burn wound microflora]. PMID- 7265842 TI - [Hormonal regulation of metabolism in burn injury]. PMID- 7265844 TI - [Acid-forming function of the stomach in pollinosis]. PMID- 7265845 TI - [Tasks of Soviet public health in light of the decisions of the 26th Session of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]. PMID- 7265846 TI - [Rheoplethysmography of the stomach]. PMID- 7265843 TI - [Prevention of the postcholecystectomy syndrome]. PMID- 7265847 TI - [Clinical aspects of the destructive forms of acute cholecystitis in the middle aged and elderly]. PMID- 7265848 TI - [Causes of the postcholecystectomy syndrome]. PMID- 7265849 TI - [Enteroscopy]. PMID- 7265850 TI - [Use of gastrointestinal endoscopy in Itsenko-Cushing disease and hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7265851 TI - [Protein metabolism in the mucosa of the small intestine in chronic enterocolitis]. PMID- 7265852 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal lesions in acute kidney failure]. PMID- 7265853 TI - [Urease activity of the gastric mucosa in gastrointestinal diseases]. PMID- 7265854 TI - [Echolocation of the adrenals]. PMID- 7265856 TI - [Clinical aspects and course of primary pleural tumors]. PMID- 7265855 TI - [Enzymatic activity in nonocclusive ischemic stroke]. PMID- 7265857 TI - [Acute cholecystitis in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7265858 TI - [Rare variant of internal biliary fistulae]. PMID- 7265859 TI - [Case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome]. PMID- 7265860 TI - [Case of pyrogenic cancer of the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 7265861 TI - [Diagnosis of Horton's disease]. PMID- 7265863 TI - [Effect of negative pressure on the lower half of the body (the Chibis suit) and of local negative pressure on central circulation in the healthy human]. AB - Catheters were chronically implanted into pulmonary and radial arteries of 8 healthy volunteers to examine the effect of lower body negative pressure (LBNP in the Chibis suit) and local negative pressure on the leg on central circulation, oxidative metabolism and acid-base equilibrium in the blood. In 1-hour head-down tests (at -20 degrees) the effect of two regimens of LBNP (at -30 and -60 mm Hg) and local negative pressure (at -50 and -100 mm Hg) was studied, each exposure averaging 15-20 min. Both LBNP and local negative pressure induced changes in central circulation that were similar qualitatively and dissimilar quantitatively. The use of regimen I of both exposures caused more marked changes than that of regimen II. PMID- 7265862 TI - [Circadian biorhythms and flight planning]. AB - It has been shown that circadian rhythms of functional systems of the human body exert a noticeable effect on psychophysiology and reliability parameters of pilots and cadets which may be of special importance in flights on a shift basis. The dysbalance in work--rest cycles and circadian biorhythms decreases strongly qualitative and quantitative indices of pilot activities. In some cases this may cause erroneous actions, contingent situations and accidents. PMID- 7265864 TI - [Potential use of nutrients for correcting the adrenocortical system]. AB - Two 60-day studies in which 10 healthy volunteers participated were carried out. In both studies stress situations were simulated by a chamber rise to an altitude of 8000 m, anticipation of exposure to acceleration, and psychological tests. The changes found were dependent on both the type of the stressor applied and duration of the exposure. Nutrient supplements did not influence the adrenocortical function of the adrenals. PMID- 7265865 TI - [Use of echoventriculometry for studying cerebrospinal fluid circulation in fluid shifts to the cranium]. PMID- 7265866 TI - [Effect of 1-day water immersion on the indices of the human cardiorespiratory system under physical load]. AB - The effect of 1-day water immersion ("dry" immersion) on cardiorespiratory parameters of test subjects performing submaximal exercises was studied. Individual changes involving increases in heart rate and cardiac load index, and decreases in oxygen pulse and systolic volume were seen. They suggest a decline of the adaptive ability of the human body to muscular loads after 1-day water immersion. PMID- 7265867 TI - [Prognostic significance of the cholesterol level in the blood of healthy subjects]. AB - The paper describes a new approach to the formation of "normal" (reference) values: the reference group is to be formed from the subjects in good health condition at the time of the first and repeated (say, five years later) examinations; the reference group cannot include people developing chronic diseases within this time interval. PMID- 7265868 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of Lactobacilli from the digestive tract of the crews of Soiuz-13 and Saliut-4]. AB - Sensitivity to 19 antibiotics of 411 lactobacillus strains isolated from the saliva and feces of crewmembers who made 8-, 30- and 63-day flights was determined. Antibiotic sensitivity remained unchanged even in the 63-day flight. The antibiotics tested produced different effects on the lactoflora that varied from gentle--polymyxin and gentamycin, less gentle--neomycin and monomycin, to hazardous--penicillin and erythromycin, then rifampicin and levomycetin, and, finally, tetracycline and oleandomycin. PMID- 7265869 TI - [Lactobacillus flora of the digestive tract of the crews of Soiuz-13 and Saliut 4]. AB - The species composition and biology of lactoflora of the saliva and feces of crewmembers from 8-, 30- and 63-day flights was investigated. Altogether 593 strains of lactobacilli were examined. The space flights did not cause significant changes in physiology, biochemistry, antagonistic properties or lysozyme activity of lactobacilli. They did not change drastically or unify the species composition of the digestive lactoflora. However, transfer of lactobacilli from one crewmember to another cannot be excluded, its probability increasing with flight time. PMID- 7265870 TI - [Evaluation of the LBNP reaction of cosmonauts by using a linear discriminant function]. PMID- 7265871 TI - [Effect of sex hormones on carbohydrate metabolic indices in the lungs of hypoxic rats]. AB - Experiments were carried out to reveal changes in the content of glucose, glycogen, pyruvate and lactate and in the activity of hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the lungs of white rats exposed to 7- and 35-day hypoxia (rise to 9000 m for 6 hours daily) and treated with progesterone and testosterone. Treatment with the steroid hormones during chronic hypoxia increased the pulmonary content of glucose, glycogen, pyruvate, and decreased hexokinase activity and lactate accumulation. PMID- 7265872 TI - [Effect of chronic gamma irradiation on the protein composition and cholesterol content of the blood of dogs]. AB - In a chronic experiment dogs were exposed to irradiation in doses of 190, 360 and 560 rad for 3 years. As compared to the unirradiated controls they showed a slower recovery of the albumin and cholesterol content in the blood. The cholesterol content varied, depending on the dose of chronic irradiation, whereas the protein content did not show such a correlation. PMID- 7265873 TI - [Effect of a permanent magnetic field on the thyroid status]. AB - Rats were exposed to a constant magnetic field of 26268A/m. Depending on the exposure time, the thyroid gland showed changes in the follicular epithelium height, content of ribonucleoproteins and PAS-positive substance, activity of adenylate cyclase, whereas blood serum exhibited changes in the concentration of thyroid hormones and no changes in the content of thyrotropic hormone. PMID- 7265874 TI - [Mechanism of the sympathetic-adrenal system reaction to a single exposure to an alternating magnetic field]. PMID- 7265876 TI - [Importance of artificial gravity as a means of preventing atrophic skeletal changes]. PMID- 7265875 TI - [Effect of a flight on the Cosmos-936 biosatellite on the contractile properties of rat muscle fibers]. AB - Contractile properties of glycerinated fibers of skeletal muscles of rats flown for 18.5 days on Cosmos-936 were investigated. In slow antigravitational muscles (soleus m. and triceps brachii m.), decrease in the amplitude of isometric tension and performance as well as acceleration of the contraction development were observed. The studies point to a high specificity of reactions of skeletal muscles to the experimental conditions, depending on their functional specialization. It is suggested that changes in contractile properties of myofibrillar proteins may contribute to the adaptive rearrangement of functional properties of antigravitational muscles under the influence of space flight. PMID- 7265877 TI - [Reproduction and mutability of the flour beetle in weightlessness (experiments on the Saliut-6 orbital station)]. AB - Experiments with the flour beetle Tribolium castaneus showed that in weightlessness these insects completed their cycle of development--from fertilization to the emergence of mature imago of the next generation--in the normal way. Survival of specimens, densities of cultures, duration of development and frequency of morphoses in flight and control studies were similar. Exposure to weightlessness did not increase the number of genetic changes. PMID- 7265878 TI - [Use of computers for the automatic measurement of physiological parameters]. PMID- 7265879 TI - [Method of evaluating the reaction of the external respiratory system to increasing hypercapnia]. PMID- 7265880 TI - [Use of the log-linear regression method for evaluating the shelf life of air samples in fluoroplastic containers]. PMID- 7265881 TI - [Age-related changes in body and internal organ weight in Wistar rats]. PMID- 7265882 TI - [Subcutaneously implantable connector for recording arterial pressure and achieving an electrical contact]. PMID- 7265883 TI - [Method of attaching brain thermocouple wires to the dog skull]. PMID- 7265884 TI - [Significance of changes in the blood system for body resistance to decompression]. PMID- 7265885 TI - [Effect of hypoxia on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin in animals]. PMID- 7265886 TI - [Effect of negative pressure and occluding cuffs on the intravascular pressure in the lower extremity of the healthy human being]. AB - The effect of local negative pressure on the leg (with a bladder sealed above the knee) and occlusion cuffs (located as close as possible to Poupart's ligament) on the leg intravascular pressure was investigated in recumbency. In two experimental runs 8 healthy volunteers participated. Each of the two exposures was used at two levels: local negative pressure at -50 and -100 mm Hg and occlusion cuffs at +40 and +60 mm Hg with the exposure time averaging 5-7 min. Catheters were inserted into the femoral artery and vein, and arteries and veins of the back of the foot. The arterial pressure remained unchanged during both exposures: local negative pressure and occlusion cuffs. Upon exposure to local negative pressure the venous pressure in the back of the foot (with respect to the atmospheric pressure) did not change and in the femoral vein decreased. Upon exposure to occlusion cuffs the venous pressure in the back of the foot increased noticeably and in the femoral vein decreased slightly. It is concluded that none of the exposures can reproduce the major gravitational effect on leg vessels, i.e. characteristic changes in gradients of the intravascular (transmural) pressure. PMID- 7265887 TI - [Changes in the immunoreactivity indices of rabbits in varying periods of hypokinesia]. PMID- 7265888 TI - [Comparative analysis of the personality characteristics of 1st- to 4th-year student pilots]. PMID- 7265892 TI - Standardized method for bleeding rats. PMID- 7265891 TI - Pregnancy concurrent with lactation in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). PMID- 7265890 TI - Comparative feeding trials of 2 maintenance diets containing different crude protein levels. PMID- 7265889 TI - Vasoconstriction limits to the use of the central ear artery pressure in conscious rabbits. PMID- 7265893 TI - Continuous long-term intravenous infusion in the unrestrained rat - a novel technique. PMID- 7265894 TI - Haemoglobin, serum iron and transferrin values of adult male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). PMID- 7265895 TI - Standardized method for recording blood pressure in anaesthetized Macaca fascicularis. PMID- 7265896 TI - Zinc poisoning in ferrets (Mustella putoris furo). PMID- 7265897 TI - Evaluation of a 2-stage automated coagulometer for multispecies studies. PMID- 7265898 TI - Genetic and physiological aspects of cholesterol accumulation in hyperresponding and hyporesponding rabbits. AB - After a 5 week period of feeding a cholesterol-rich diet to rabbits, hyperresponders with high plasma cholesterol levels and hyporesponders with low plasma cholesterol levels could be distinguished from normal responders. The response was found to be correlated with the esterase genotype at the Est-2 locus. The increase in total body cholesterol was higher in hyper-than in hyporesponders. In both groups most of the accumulated dietary cholesterol was found in plasma and liver. Adrenal weight and plasma corticosterone levels were more increased in hyper- than in hyporesponders. The cholesterol-rich diet resulted in an augmentation of liver lipase and lipoprotein lipase activities. These lipolytic activities were more increased in hyper- than in the hyporesponders. PMID- 7265899 TI - Dermatophytes in clinically healthy laboratory animals. PMID- 7265900 TI - Genotype X diet interaction for litter size in mice. PMID- 7265901 TI - Diagnostic exercise. Tyzzer's disease. PMID- 7265902 TI - Effects of room temperature on reproduction, body and organ weights, food and water intake, and hematology in rats. AB - Two generations of rats were raised at animal room temperature ranging from 12 to 32 degrees C at steps of 2 degrees C. The body weight of rats born in 22 degrees C environment and exposed to each temperature did not significantly differ within the range of 16-28 degrees C. The delivery rate, litter size, and weaning rate decreased at 30 degrees C and 32 degrees C, and only the weaning rate had a tendency to decrease at 12 degrees C. No significant difference was demonstrated within the 14-28 degrees C range for any reproduction parameter observed. The body weight of sucklings did not differ at birth within the 12-32 degrees C range; and at 3 weeks of age, there were no differences within the range of 18-28 degrees C. The body weight gain in both sexes after weaning was generally small when the temperature was below 18 degrees C or above 30 degrees C. There were no significant differences in food intake within the 20-26 degrees C range, in water intake within the 12-26 degrees C range, in hematological and serum biochemical values within the 20-26 degrees C range, and in organ weights within the 18-28 degrees C range. Therefore, the range of 20-26 degrees C (68-78 degrees F) was the optimum temperature range in rat rooms. PMID- 7265903 TI - Platelet function and coagulation parameters in sheep during experimental vascular surgery. AB - Various clotting parameters (prothrombin time, activated coagulation time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet counts, and platelet aggregation) were obtained from unanesthetized sheep and from sheep at various times during 5 hours of vascular surgery. The values obtained were not influenced by anesthesia and surgery and were consistent between sheep. Ovine platelets were less prone to aggregate in the presence of collagen, epinephrine, and ristocetin than those of man. Platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate was similar to that seen in man. Based on these parameters, the sheep would seem to be a reasonable model for experimental vascular surgery when results are to be applied to man. PMID- 7265904 TI - Feed consumption and food passage time in mink (Mustela vison) and European ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). AB - The amount of feed consumed per day and the rate of food passage was measured in mink and European ferrets. Daily feed consumption averaged 40 and 42 g dry matter per kg body weight for male mink and ferrets and 53 and 49 g dry matter per kg body weight for female mink and ferrets, respectively. Using ferric oxide as a feed marker, no differences were observed in food passage time between mink and ferrets or between males and females within each species. The mean time of food passage was 187 minutes for mink and 182 minutes for European ferrets. PMID- 7265905 TI - An outbreak of staphylococcal furunculosis in nude mice. PMID- 7265906 TI - Bile collection in free moving rats. PMID- 7265908 TI - Inflammatory exostosis and abscessation associated with Fusobacterium nucleatum in a rabbit. PMID- 7265907 TI - Evaluation of a new rat feeder for use in chemical toxicology and nutrition studies. AB - A rat feeder was designed, fabricated, and evaluated which eliminated many of the problems associated with commercially available rat feeders (such as inadequate feed capacity, excessive feed spillage, excessive feed contamination, and difficulties with cleaning feeders). The feeder was capable of holding up to 700 g of meal-type feed. It provided rats with a continuous supply of diet which was virtually free from feces and urine contamination. Feed waste due to spillage and inaccessible feed was minimal and estimated to average 0.8%. Growth and weight maintenance in weanling and adult rats using the feeder were similar when compared to rats receiving pelleted feed ad libitum. PMID- 7265909 TI - Intestinal parasitism in an outdoor breeding colony of Macaca mulatta. AB - A portion of a large outdoor breeding colony of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was surveyed for intestinal parasites. The results of this examination were compared to data obtained at the time of arrival for this same group of animals. In addition, a small number of infants born in the colony were examined. Although most species of parasites detected during quarantine were retained in the breeding colony, the parasite population changed. The number of helminthic infections doubled while protozoan infections decreased by 20%. Trichuris (47%), Strongyloides (34%), Entamoeba (59%), Endolimax (20%), and Iodamoeba (20%) were the most common parasites detected in the outdoor breeding colony. PMID- 7265910 TI - Atypical mycobacteria as the probable cause of positive tuberculin reactions in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). AB - Three of 275 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) demonstrated a positive reaction to Koch's old tuberculin within 72 hours after the test. The animals were again positive when retested 1 week later. Two of the monkeys were killed and necropsied. There was no gross nor histologic evidence of tuberculosis. Organisms were cultured from liver, spleen, and mediastinal lymph node. These were identified as Runyon Group II mycobacteria, Mycobacteria gordoneae. PMID- 7265911 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Xenopus laevis. AB - Aeromonas hydrophila caused severe disease in a group of Xenopus laevis within 3 weeks of receipt. The primary clinical signs were marked pallor of the skin, petechiation, lethargy, anorexia, and edema. The duration of the outbreak was approximately 45 days during which time 21 frogs became sick and 18 died, despite tetracycline therapy. Pale skin, subcutaneous edema and hemorrhages, ascites, and pale livers were seen at necropsy. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from skin, and the same organism was isolated in pure culture from skeletal muscle. Tetracycline treatment via stomach tube was effective if given early in the course of the disease. The outbreak was controlled by removing sick frogs, feeding twice per week, changing the water several hours after feeding, and maintaining the frogs where the ambient temperature was 22 degrees C or lower. The pallor of the skin and general malaise were produced experimentally by crowding normal frogs, changing the water infrequently, and increasing ambient temperatures. Mild disease was reproduced experimentally by subcutaneous injection of Aeromonas hydrophila into apparently healthy frogs. PMID- 7265912 TI - Praziquantel for control of Hymenolepis nana in mice. AB - Praziquantel was blended into ground mouse feed at 35, 70, and 140 ppm in one replicate and at 140, 210, and 280 ppm in a second replicate. Mice naturally infected with Hymenolepis nana were provided this diet for 7 consecutive days. Reduction of Hymenolepis nana in mice receiving medicated feed when compared to mice receiving nonmedicated feed was 48.9, 73.2, and 87.1%, respectively in replicate 1, and 100% in all three groups in replicate 2. These data suggest that praziquantel blended into the feed at 140 ppm for 7 consecutive days will provide efficacious (87.1-100%) control of Hymenolepis nana in mice. Higher dosages may be necessary for complete elimination of this parasite. PMID- 7265913 TI - Device for capture and restraint of nonhuman primates. PMID- 7265914 TI - Demyelination in experimental beta, beta'-iminodipropionitrile and hexacarbon neuropathies. Evidence for an axonal influence. AB - beta, beta'-Iminodipropionitrile and 2,5-hexanediol are best known for their ability to induce axonal pathology, including formation of giant axonal swellings. During studies of the pathology of rats exposed to these agents for long periods, we found extensive recurrent demyelination in the spinal roots. To determine whether the demyelination occurred in response to the axonal disease or whether it represented a direct toxic effect on Schwann cells, we examined the time course and distribution of axonal changes and demyelination, asking whether demyelination correlated with, or was independent of, axonal pathology. Experimental animals were continuously intoxicated with one of these agents, and groups were taken for pathologic examination at intervals of up to 2 years; in both models, the relationship between axonal pathology and demyelination was systematically studied in multiple regions of the L5 spinal roots. In control rats, mild demyelination was present by 14 months and increased with age. By 24 months, untreated animals showed widespread demyelination in the spinal roots; in these animals, there was no predilection for proximal or distal regions of the roots, nor was their evidence of recurrent demyelination. Administration of beta, beta'-iminodipropionitrile produced giant axonal swellings located primarily in the proximal 10 mm. of the ventral root and the distal 10 mm. of the dorsal root. By 12 months of exposure, intramyelinic vacuoles (myelin bubbles) and demyelinated segments were numerous in the same regions. By 24 months, the affected regions contained elaborate onion bulbs. The regions without axonal swellings showed only mild demyelination. In contrast, in the 2,5-hexanediol group, giant axonal swellings and axonal degeneration began distally and progressed more proximally with time. By 15 months, when axonal swellings were present primarily in the distal ventral root, there were numerous myelin bubbles. By 24 months, onion bulbs, predominantly involving the distal ventral roots, had developed. Semiquantitative analysis of the time course and distribution of demyelination in these toxic models showed a relationship between axonal abnormalities and subsequent development of demyelination. We concluded that changes in the axons contribute to the development of demyelination in these models and determine the distribution of the lesions. These experimental neuropathies provide models for studies of the stimulus and mechanisms of secondary demyelination. PMID- 7265915 TI - Glomerular differentiation in metanephric culture. AB - Undifferentiated metanephric blastema, grown in transfilter culture with embryonic inductor, undergoes differentiation to nephrons, including glomeruli and tubules. As in natural nephrogenesis, mesenchymal cells aggregate and form a vesicle that elongates into an s-shaped loop; a bilaminar disc at the end of the s-shaped loop becomes the glomerulus. The glomerular tuft in culture is an arborizing structure of basement membrane covered with epithelium. The epithelial cells have foot processes separated by slit pores and bridged by slit diaphragms. The cells are coated with polyanionic material, demonstrable before the appearance of foot processes. The basement membrane of the tuft continues at a hilum with the basement membrane of Bowman's capsule. Laminae of basement membrane, lying between apposed layers of epithelium, enclose spaces that can be envisioned as vascular spaces for the ingrowth of glomerular capillaries in vivo. The glomerular structure creates, therefore, a sling for holding capillaries, as suggested by Zimmermann when he proposed the concept of the mesangium. There are, however, no blood vessels in the metanephric culture, and the glomerulus develops and differentiates without capillary ingrowth. The glomeruli lack mesangial cells and juxtaglomerular complex, suggesting that those are vascular derivatives. The development of the tuft does not depend upon invagination by sprouting blood vessels; it is inherent in the glomerular epithelium. PMID- 7265916 TI - Morphologic alterations in early acid-induced epithelial injury of the rabbit esophagus. AB - To arrive at a basic understanding of the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis, we developed an acute experimental model in the rabbit for studying the early lesion. Acid was perfused in vivo into the lower esophagus while potential difference was monitored intermittently. At varying degrees of potential difference decline, indicating epithelial injury, the esophageal stratified squamous epithelial tissue was removed for morphologic studies and in vitro electrophysiologic and transport studies. At 50 per cent reduction in potential difference, there was dilation of intercellular spaces, which when correlated with physiologic results of increased permeability indicates increased intercellular water. At 100 per cent reduction in potential difference, cells in the midepithelium were observed to be swollen and ruptured, forming vesicular spaces, midepithelial cleavages, and later early ulceration. Results of functional studies at this stage showed inhibition of sodium transport. The midepithelial site of disruption corresponds to the site of active sodium pumping out of cells in other stratified squamous epithelia. Since sodium is transported by esophageal epithelium and this function was inhibited by acid, we propose that this early morphologic lesion may be the result of damage to the sodium transporting mechanisms of the epithelium. PMID- 7265918 TI - Short bowel syndrome-a case report in a dog and discussion of the pathophysiology of bowel resection. PMID- 7265919 TI - Isolation of Clostridium novyi (Cl. oedematiens) from liver lesions in a dog with pancreatic acinar carcinoma. PMID- 7265917 TI - Surgical management of multi-system trauma in a cat. PMID- 7265920 TI - The analysis of verapamil in postmortem specimens by HPLC and GC. AB - High levels of verapamil (1) were found in the blood, stomach contents, and liver and kidney specimens in a fatal overdose case. The drug was extracted from both acid and enzyme digested tissue with ether, chloroform, and 1-chlorobutane and the digests analysed by both high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Verapamil was extracted directly from the blood and stomach contents. The extraction efficiencies of each method are discussed. The metabolite, norverapamil (II), was observed in liver and kidney extractions and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. PMID- 7265921 TI - Isopropyl alcohol metabolism after acute intoxication in humans. AB - Two cases of acute overdose with isopropyl alcohol are reported. Blood concentrations of the alcohol and its major metabolite, acetone, were measured during the metabolism phase of the alcohol, and acetone was elevated thirty-seven hours later in one case. Isopropyl alcohol disappeared from the blood at a rate following first-order kinetics in both cases. Blood half-live were estimated at 155 and 187 minutes in the two patients, respectively. PMID- 7265922 TI - Isolation and identification of a metabolite of haloperidol. AB - A new metabolite of haloperidol, formed by what is equivalent to the reduction of the carbonyl group to the alcohol, has been identified in human serum, liver and urine. The isolation and chromatographic behavior of the compound are discussed. PMID- 7265923 TI - Rapid HPLC analysis of paracetamol (acetaminophen) in blood and postmortem viscera. AB - Procedures for rapid screening and quantitation of paracetamol in biological material, including whole blood and liver tissue have been developed. The protein in the samples was precipitated by dilution with a mixture of ethanol and ethyl acetate. The sample was centrifuged was carried out by HPLC following rapid screening by either HPLC or a colorimetric procedure. The colorimetric procedure may be operated in batches and is recommended for screening large numbers of samples in a forensic laboratory. The HPLC screening procedure is sufficiently quantitative to be recommended for acute emergencies in hospitals. PMID- 7265924 TI - Assessment of the methods available for the determination of carbon monoxide in blood. AB - Experimental evaluation of methods for assessing the carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) content in blood using gas chromatography, UV-visible spectrophotometry (three methods), and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) has been made. From the point of view of measurements where the COHb content is low (less than 15%), elevated simply by the smoking population, the spectrophotometric method by Rodkey, et al. (7) emerges as the most satisfactory. MCD analysis, however, is potentially considerably simpler, not requiring chemical pretreatment of the blood, and provided that analysis time can be improved, is likely to replace the spectrophotometric method as the method of choice. PMID- 7265925 TI - A method for the determination of dialkyl phosphate residues in urine. AB - The analysis of urine for dialkyl phosphate residues provides a measure of mammalian exposure to organophosphate pesticides. A method is presented for quantitative determination of six alkyl phosphate urinary metabolites. These metabolites are as follows: O,O-dimethyl phosphate, O,O-diethyl phosphate, O,O dimethyl phosphorothionate, O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate, O,O-diethyl phosphorothionate, and O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate. A screening method is also given for a rapid assessment of human exposure. Pentafluorobenzyl bromide is utilized as the derivatization reagent to form pentafluorobenzyl esters. The reaction products are determined by gas chromatography on routine pesticide columns utilizing the phosphorus specific flame photometric detector. Recoveries of all six dialkyl phosphates are greater than 90% with the minimum level of detection ranging from 0.04 to 0.13 ppm. PMID- 7265926 TI - Isolation of alkaline mutagens from complex mixtures. PMID- 7265927 TI - Reduced recovery of dieldrin residues-a shortcoming of sulfuric cleanup of biological samples. AB - Reduced quantitative recovery of dieldrin (1, 2, 3, 4, 10, -10-hexachloro-6, 7 epoxy-1, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a-octahydro-1, 4-endo, exo-5, 8-dimethanoaphthalene) while using concentrated sulfuric acid for the cleanup of the extracted samples, has been investigated by gas-liquid chromatography and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. In vitro studies have shown that the servere breakdown in the recovery of dieldrin can be checked if 65% (v/v) H2SO4 is used as opposed to the concentrations greater than 70% sulfuric acid, the epoxide ring attached to the norbornene nucleus of dieldrin undergoes rearrangement to form keto dihydroaldrin. PMID- 7265929 TI - Auditory discrimination of voiceless fricatives in children. AB - Auditory discrimination of the voiceless fricatives magnitude of theta f integral of s was studied in 200 subjects between the ages of four and six and a half years. In the test task the subject was asked to remember one of the sounds and then to indicate each time this sound was presented. Two types of errors were analyzed. An error of omission was a failure to identify the remembered sound, and this type of error did not change with age. An error of commission, a failure to discriminate between the remembered sound and one of the other voiceless fricatives, decreased with age. The results are interpreted as support for a theory of the development of auditory perception of speech in which discrimination of some properties in speech, such as relatively weak spectral cues and second formant transitions, have to be learned by a child. PMID- 7265928 TI - The relation between age and mean length of utterance in morphemes. AB - The relationship between child age and mean length of utterance measured in morphemes (MLU) was studied in a sample of 123 middle- to upper-middle-class midwestern children, aged 17 to 59 months, conversing with mothers in free play. A significant correlation was found between age and MLU: r = .88. Age accounted for 78% of the variance when MLU was regressed on age; and MLU accounted for 77% of the variance when age was regressed on MLU. Significant nonlinear components accounted only for an additional 1% and 3% (respectively) of the variance. Ranges within one standard deviation (SD) were estimated for predicted MLUs and derived for predicted ages on the basis of linear regression. MLU increased at an average rate of 1.2 morphemes per year; predicted variability in predicted MLU increased with age. These findings can play a useful role in three activities when the children studied are from populations similar to the one sampled here, and MLUs are obtained in the same way. They can aid in (1) finding children whose development of productive syntax requires further diagnostic evaluation; (2) finding children at a particular linguistic stage quickly; and (3) predicting the age most likely to be associated with a given MLU. The substitution of local MLU norms, sampled from the population and ages of clinical interest, can further sharpen these evaluations. PMID- 7265931 TI - Prepositional marking of source-goal structure and children's comprehension of English passives. AB - Maratsos and Abramovitch (1975) argued that the presence of a preposition is the major cue for the passive interpretation of sentences by children. Experiment 1 of the present study demonstrates that the semantics of the preposition are more important than the syntactic form-class: In an otherwise passive frame (the giraffe is tickled ... the camel), from elicits as many passive interpretations from preschoolers as the usual by, whereas to elicits primarily active interpretations. The results of Experiment 2 with younger children show that from actually may be a stronger elicitor of the passive interpretation than by. This linkage between the semantics of the preposition and the syntax of the sentence is interpretable in the perspective of the similarity between source-goal and agent-patient structures, as explicated by case grammar. PMID- 7265930 TI - Articulatory patterns of an adventitiously deaf speaker: implications for the role of auditory information in speech production. AB - Kinematic analysis of selected articulatory gestures of an adventitiously deaf speaker is reported. High speed cinefluorography and a semiautomated analysis system were used to describe the coordination of lip, jaw, tongue tip, and tongue dorsum. The coordination of voicing and movements also was analyzed. Compared to a speaker with normal hearing, the deaf speaker showed systematic timing differences in the VC (closing) portion of each utterance. Coordination of tongue dorsum with other structures showed obvious deviations. Voice termination was consistently later for the deaf speaker. Speculations about the role of auditory information in the long-term monitoring or calibration of speech gestures are offered. PMID- 7265932 TI - Transfer effects from listening to frequency-controlled and frequency-shifted accelerated speech. AB - Two experiments examined intelligibility of sentences reproduced with increased tonal frequency (the spectrum of the speech signal shifted upward), increased speech rate, or both frequency and speech rate increased. The first experiment showed that both the frequency and speech rate increases independently impaired sentence intelligibility. Sentences played back at increased rates and increased frequencies also were perceived as having been spoken more rapidly. In the second experiment subjects listened either to practice sentences played back at frequency-shifted (FS) or frequency-controlled (FC) accelerated rates. Subsequent to this practice, an intelligibility test was given on 10 FS and 10 FC accelerated sentences played back at double speed. The accelerated sentences were more intelligible for practice groups than for a no-practice control group, and FC accelerated rates produced more intelligible sentences than FS acceleration. The specific training experiences produced an interaction with the type of test sentence acceleration early in transfer. The FS accelerated sentences were more intelligible following FS practice compared to FC practice, and the FC accelerated sentences were more intelligible following FC practice compared to FS practice. PMID- 7265933 TI - Laryngeal and manual reaction times of stuttering and nonstuttering adults. AB - This investigation compared the reaction times of thirteen stuttering and thirteen nonstuttering adults for forefinger button pressing, nonspeech vocal initiation, and speech-mode vocal initiation. The stutterers and nonstutterers were matched individually for age, sex, and handedness. The reaction-time stimulus in all response conditions was the offset of a 1000-Hz pure tone. Two of the experimental conditions required button pressing with the right and left forefingers. The remaining four responses required vocal-fold vibration. The nonspeech vocal activity consisted of inspiratory phonation and expiratory throat clearing. The speech-mode vocal activity required production of the isolated vowel and the word. The results demonstrated that stuttering and nonstuttering adults differed significantly only on tasks requiring speech phonation. These results are compared to previous reaction-time investigations and related to factors which may influence sensory-motor pathways prior to and during speech. PMID- 7265934 TI - A study of the reading fundamental vocal frequency of young black adults. AB - This study investigated the measures of central tendency (mean mode) and dispersion (standard deviations and ranges) of the reading fundamental vocal frequency in young black adults. The subjects were 200 (100 males/100 females) college student volunteers whose ages ranged from 18 to 29 years. A fundamental frequency analyzer (FLORIDA I) was used to measure the fundamental vocal frequency. The mean modal fundamental vocal frequency for males was 110.15 Hz, with a mean range from 81.95 Hz to 158.50 Hz. The mean modal fundamental vocal frequency for females was 193.10 Hz, with a mean range from 139.05 Hz to 266.10 Hz. The males showed a slightly greater range expressed in tones than did the females. Compared to a similar white population studied by Fitch & Holbrook (1970), the black population had lower mean modal fundamental vocal frequencies and greater mean frequency ranges. Fitch's white subjects showed a greater range below the mean mode than above it. This behavior was reversed for the black subjects of the present study. Such patterns of vocal behavior may be important clues which alert the listener to the speaker's racial identity. PMID- 7265935 TI - Infants' detection of speech in noise. AB - Localization responses to a speech phrase masked by white noise were obtained from infants 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age and from adults. The masking noise was presented continuously from two loudspeakers located 45 degrees to each side of the infant. During a trial the speech phrase was presented through one of the loudspeakers. A head turn to the signal (correct response) was rewarded by activating an animated toy on top of the speaker. The intensity of the signal was varied over trials (method of constant stimuli) to determine thresholds (defined as the intensity corresponding to 65% correct head turns) at each of two levels of masking noise, 42 and 60 dBC. Thresholds for the speech signal were comparable across all infant groups for both levels of masking noise. Increasing the masking noise from 42 to 60 dBC resulted in a threshold shift of comparable magnitude for infants and adults. However, adult thresholds were approximately 10-12 dB lower than those of infants at both masking levels. PMID- 7265936 TI - Some effects of training on speech recognition by hearing-impaired adults. AB - The purpose of this research was to determine some of the effects of consonant recognition training on the speech recognition performance of hearing-impaired adults. Two groups of ten subjects each received seven hours of either auditory or visual consonant recognition training, in addition to a standard two-week, group-oriented, inpatient aural rehabilitation program. A third group of fifteen subjects received the standard two-week program, but no supplementary individual consonant recognition training. An audiovisual sentence recognition test, as well as tests of auditory and visual consonant recognition, were administered both before and following training. Subjects in all three groups significantly increased in their audiovisual sentence recognition performance, but subjects receiving the individual consonant recognition training improved significantly more than subjects receiving only the standard two-week program. A significant increase in consonant recognition performance was observed in the two groups receiving the auditory or visual consonant recognition training. The data are discussed from varying statistical and clinical perspectives. PMID- 7265938 TI - Articulation effort: transitivity and observer agreement. AB - In three studies, 86 observers used paired-comparison procedures to judge the effort required to articulate 16 consonants. In general, observers could not produce the judgments without reversals and did not agree with each other or with themselves on a repeated trial. Pooling all judgments produced scale values of articulation effort that correlated highly with different types of phonological acquisition data and with a feature analysis. PMID- 7265937 TI - Syntactic versus semantic performances of agrammatic Broca's aphasics on tests of constituent-element-ordering. AB - Ten agrammatic Broca's aphasics ordered written sentence constituents to form simple, active-declarative sentences of the structure the + N + is/are + V + ing + the + N. Four specific linguistic tasks were presented. These aphasic subjects used likely semantic relationships among major lexical items to order sentence constituents. They recognized basic sentence syntax (N + V + N) and the NP structure (art + N) but failed to arrange constituents accurately when recognition of the morphophonemic agreement between subject and verb was the basis of response. PMID- 7265939 TI - Work association of time-altered auditory and visual stimuli in aphasia. AB - A word association test was administered to a group of 32 aphasic adults and to a control group of 32 normal adults similar in age, sex, and education. Word stimuli were balanced according to frequency of occurrence in written English language usage (frequent, infrequent), word length (short, long), abstraction level (low, medium, high), and grammatical class (noun, verb, adjective). Stimuli were presented auditorily at normal speed (equivalent to 10 phonemes per sec) and at half speed (equivalent to 5 phonemes per sec) speech. When word stimuli were presented at half speed (slower), the aphasic adults but not the controls produced significantly more paradigmatic (same grammatical class) responses. Twenty aphasic subjects and twenty controls supplied association responses to words presented tachistoscopically at fixation speed (equivalent to 250 msec) and at sweep speed (equivalent to 10 msec). When word stimuli were shown for a longer time, the aphasic adults but not the controls produced significantly more paradigmatic responses. Also analyzed were paradigmatic responses to the word association test produced in relation to frequency of occurrence, word length, levels of word abstraction, and grammatical class. PMID- 7265940 TI - An analysis of the relationship among stuttering behaviors. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether different topographies of disfluent behavior form a response class. A within-subject, repeated reversals (ABAB) design was used to analyze the stuttering behavior of three adult stuttering speakers. A single type of stuttering behavior was punished for each subject while frequencies of occurrence of other types were concurrently measured. The results showed that: (1) stuttering behaviors displayed direct behavioral covariation for all subjects, illustrating the existence of a response class; and (2) the response classes observed included both kernel and accessory features of stuttering. The results are discussed in terms of the literature on response classes and two-factor learning theory of stuttering with special emphasis on the implications of these results for our understanding of the development of stuttering. PMID- 7265941 TI - The temporal course of the masking of tinnitus as a basis for inferring its origin. AB - For patients with tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss, the intensity of broad band noise required to mask the tinnitus increases by as much as 45 dB during a 30-minute period if the patient is exposed to noise. In contrast, the intensity required to mask an external tone remains nearly constant. Some speculations which might account for this result are offered. Excess neural activity is posited to be the physiological determinant of tinnitus and to be central, generated in the brainstem postsynaptic to the eighth nerve. PMID- 7265942 TI - Sensorimotor development and the use of prelinguistic performatives. AB - Thirty-two children participated in a study designed to determine the effects of sensorimotor training on proto-declarative and proto-imperative performative behavior. The children were randomly assigned to training on means-end schemes, training on relating to objects schemes, training on both means-end and relating to objects, or to a control condition involving no training. Results indicated that relating to objects schemes training was successful. Also, a greater degree of performative usage was seen in the relating to objects training group. These results offer relatively strong evidence for a relationship between these sensorimotor and communicative abilities. PMID- 7265943 TI - The influence of the onset of phonation on the frequency of disfluency among children who stutter. AB - This study was designed to assess the effects of on-off voice adjustments on the frequency of stuttering in children. Essentially, this is a replication of the experimental paradigm used by Adams and Reis (1971, 1974) with adult stutterers who were asked to read two passages: one contained a normal distribution of voiced and voiceless sounds; the other contained nearly all voiced sounds. The latter passage was associated with less stuttering and more rapid adaptation. In this study, 15 childhood stutterers in the third through the seventh grades were asked to read these same two passages. Contrary to the previous results with adults, however, the children did not stutter less nor adapt more rapidly with the all-voiced passage. These results are discussed with reference to previous literature and to the influence of pausing. PMID- 7265944 TI - Procedures for verification of electrode placement in EMG studies of orofacial and mandibular muscles. AB - Many muscles used in speech are small and intimately interconnected. There is a need for anatomical and physiological data which would allow identification of the particular muscle fibers being recorded in electromyographic (EMG) investigations. EMG recordings were taken from eighteen orofacial and mandibular muscles while gestures believed to be specific to each muscle were performed. The anatomic criteria for the placement of the electrodes, the quality of the EMG spikes and interference patterns obtained, and the degree of differentiation of the temporal sequence of activity from that in neighboring muscles were used to decide on the degree of certainty that a particular muscle was being recorded. The appropriateness of each gesture as a stimulus to any muscle was determined on the basis of the level of activation occurring with the gesture relative to other muscles and its degree of variability between subjects. PMID- 7265945 TI - The attribution of personality traits: the stutterer and nonstutterer. AB - Three videotaped recordings were made of an adult male speaking in an interview situation. Tapes differed as a function of the fluency exhibited by the interviewed speaker (i.e., fluent speech, primary stuttering, secondary stuttering). Three audiotapes were recorded from the videotapes yielding six stimulus tapes. Independent groups of college students saw and/or heard one of the stimulus tapes, each described as an interview with a "male who stutters." The fluent audio- and videotapes were replayed to two additional groups but were described only as an interview with a "male." Groups rated the personality of the speaker after tape presentation. Results revealed no difference in personality trait assignment as a function of experimental variables. However, in a second experiment two groups of college students rated a hypothetical normal speaker and hypothetical stutterer as significantly different in personality attributes. Results are discussed with reference to stereotyping behavior. PMID- 7265946 TI - Effects of pictures and picturability on sentence verification by aphasic and nonaphasic subjects. AB - Ten aphasic and ten non-brain-damaged subjects were asked to judge the truth of falsity of spoken comparative sentences. In one condition, pictures which contained the items being compared were presented, and in the other condition sentences were presented without accompanying pictures. Some of the pictures which accompanied the sentences depicted the comparative adjectives contained in the sentences, while other pictures simply illustrated the items being compared and gave no information about the comparative adjectives. Results of the experiment suggest that presenting pictures along with spoken sentences improves aphasic subjects' ability to judge the truth or falsity of those sentences. This facilitation occurs even when the pictures do not depict the relationships expressed by the comparative adjectives in the sentences. PMID- 7265947 TI - Early stutterings: some aspects of their form and distribution. AB - The speech of five stutterers ranging in age from 3 years, 10 months to 5 years, 7 months was analyzed to determine the types and loci of stutterings. Word repetition was the most frequent feature in three cases and one of the two predominant features in the remaining two cases. Almost without exception, word repetitions occurred at the beginning of syntactic units. A greater proportion of stutterings of all types appeared on the initial words of sentences or clauses than on the other words. In most cases proportionately more function words than control words were stuttered, as were more monosyllabic than polysyllabic words- just the reverse of the usual pattern in older children and adults. The tendency of older stutterers to have more difficulty on initial consonants than initial vowels appeared in only one case. The findings on the properties of stuttered words were interpreted to mean that word-bound factors as such have little influence on the loci of early stutterings. The results as a whole were related to the hypothesis that early stuttering represents mainly a type of difficulty in either the formulation or the execution of syntactic units. PMID- 7265948 TI - The interactions of amplitude and phonetic quality in esophageal speech. AB - Levels of isolated vowels and the influence of consonant environment on vowel level were determined for three esophageal speakers and three normal speakers. Twenty lists of isolated vowels and diphthongs and 576 monosyllabic words were used as the stimuli. The results revealed that esophageal speakers had an 11-dB reduction in SPL compared to normal speakers. The greatest level was observed on the vowels /i/ and /u/. Differences between normal and esophageal speakers are discussed in terms of absolute level and phonetic environment. PMID- 7265949 TI - Function of fundoplicated esophageal segment in above and below the diaphragm positions. PMID- 7265950 TI - Pulmonary alveolar macrophage lysosomal enzyme activity after sublethal rotational trauma. PMID- 7265951 TI - Healing of incisional wounds in stomach and duodenum: the effect of long-term cortisol treatment. PMID- 7265953 TI - Pancreatic pseudocyst: an unusual presentation as a gastric intramural mass. PMID- 7265952 TI - Prediction of progressive disease in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome-comparison of available preoperative tests. PMID- 7265954 TI - Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube. PMID- 7265955 TI - Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with clofazimine. A case report and review of associated diseases. PMID- 7265956 TI - Coexisting gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma following pulmonary lymphocytic infiltration. PMID- 7265958 TI - Coronary disease with and without risk factors. PMID- 7265957 TI - Medical care in the '80s. Why and how health care costs will be contained in the 1980s: a description of the major forces. PMID- 7265960 TI - Diabetes clinical care conference. Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. PMID- 7265961 TI - Medical laboratory improvement in Tennessee. PMID- 7265959 TI - EKG of the month. Sinoatrial Wenckebach block. PMID- 7265962 TI - Radiology case of the month. Lunate dislocation. PMID- 7265965 TI - Detection of estrogen receptor-like high affinity components by exposure of cytosols from mouse Leydig cell tumor or male rat liver to chaotropic salts. PMID- 7265963 TI - Role of sulfhydryl modifying reagents in the binding and activation of chick oviduct progesterone-receptor complex. PMID- 7265964 TI - Characterization of cytosolic 5 alpha-DHT and 17 beta-estradiol receptors in the ram hypothalamus. PMID- 7265966 TI - Metabolism of testosterone and progesterone by liver homogenates of the seawater turtle (Chelonia mydas mydas) in vitro. PMID- 7265967 TI - Metabolism of testosterone in vitro by brain and pituitary slices of a seawater turtle (Chelonia mydas mydas) and freshwater turtle (Podocnemis expansa). PMID- 7265968 TI - The biosynthesis of progesterone by fowl granulosa cells in vitro from 14C labelled substrates. PMID- 7265969 TI - Metabolic fate of intraperitoneally administered 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta diol, estradiol-17 beta and their combination in the immature female rat. PMID- 7265970 TI - In vivo metabolism of 14C-labelled 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol. PMID- 7265971 TI - Human melanoma growth in the peritoneal cavity of the athymic mouse--a model for in vivo study of cell-mediated immunity. AB - Intraperitoneal injections of 2 X 10(7) SH-Me cells (human metastatic melanoma cells)( to 20 Balb/c nu/nu mice (Group A) and 1 X 10(7) cells to 20 mice (Group B) were performed. All animals were studied clinicopathologically. Five animals in Group A were sacrificed serially, revealing marked tumor growth of the melanoma within the peritoneal cavity. These tumors grew in multiple nodular configurations and tumor ascites was present by the third week. The remaining 15 animals in Group A were allowed to progress and seven subsequently died with mouse viral hepatitis (MVH). These animals had suppressed tumor growth. The remaining eight animals died of peritoneal carcinomatosis with survival time of 24.1 +/- 5.0 days. Eight of the animals in Group B died of mouse viral hepatitis while the remainder died of peritoneal tumor without distant metastasis. Survival time in these animals was 23.8 +/- 2.6 days. Both 2 X 10(7) and 1 X 10(7) tumor cells injected intraperitoneally will constantly produce tumor nodules in non-MHV infected nude mice with similar survival. This experimental model has proven useful for in vivo study to assess the immunoreactivity of melanoma patient cells reactive against target tumor cells. PMID- 7265973 TI - Correlations between serial CEA levels and surgery in patients with colorectal carcinoma. AB - Nowadays the evaluation of serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels represents an important parameter for the prognosis of patients with carcinoma of the large bowel. Changes in CEA values allow the drawing of conclusions regarding the effectiveness of therapy. We have studied 63 patients with colorectal carcinoma that underwent surgical treatment. Serial CEA levels were tested in each patient before surgery and 15 days after. The 53 patients were considered surgically cured; and among these 7 did not have a significant decrease of CEA values after surgery. The percentage of recurrences among these patients has been 71.4%; meanwhile patients who showed a decrease of CEA values below cutoff values had recurrences only in 17.3% of cases. For this reason is our opinion that patients considered surgically cured who have postoperative high CEA levels cannot be considered really cured from a biological point of view. PMID- 7265972 TI - Influence of mouse hepatitis virus on the growth of human melanoma in the peritoneal cavity of the athymic mouse. AB - Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infection was found in 15 of 40 athymic mice (Balb/c nu/nu) used in an experimental model designed to study the effect of cell mediated immunity on target human melanoma cells growing in the peritoneal cavity. Most non-MHV-infected mice died of peritoneal tumor within predictable periods following injection of the melanoma cells. Twelve of 15 MHV-infected mice which showed either poor or no tumor growth died of MHV infection, whereas only 3 showed good tumor growth. Peritoneal macrophages in the ascites from the MHV infected mice were greatly reduced in number compared to those in the ascites from the non-MHV-infected mice. Although the fibrohistiocytic reaction was more prominent in the MHV-infected mice, other aspects of spleen and lymph node lymphocytic reactions exhibited no remarkable differences between the two groups. The possible mechanisms whereby MHV infection influences tumor growth in nude mice are discussed. PMID- 7265974 TI - Choice of route for central venous cannulation: subclavian or internal jugular vein? A prospective randomized study. AB - The clinical need for central venous cannulation has been well established. The usual route for catheter placement is by either the subclavian or internal jugular vein. No randomized, prospective evaluation has been yet conducted to determine which of these approaches, if either, is better with respect to reliability, placement, and frequency of nonseptic complications. One hundred consecutive patients requiring elective central venous cannulation were randomized to either the subclavian or internal jugular route. Successful venipuncture and catheter passage were significantly more common with the subclavian route, and in the absence of special clinical situations, it appears to be the route of choice. PMID- 7265975 TI - Cancer statistics of Chinese versus Americans. AB - Cancer incidence and mortality rates of Chinese in China (Shanghai, Kwangtung), Hong Kong, and the United States (San Francisco, etc.) are presented. The rates for the U.S. white population are included for comparison. Additional mortality rates of Chinese in Japan and incidence rates of Chinese in Singapore and British Columbia are also available. Such statistics emphasize both the distinctions and the similarities in cancer problems among chinese living abroad and Chinese living in China. Some ethnic and cultural differences, as well as differences in age, site distribution, and histological subtype, of certain cancers are discussed. PMID- 7265976 TI - Treatment of stage D prostatic carcinoma with megestrol acetate. AB - Nine previously untreated patients with stage D prostatic carcinoma received megestrol acetate 40 mg orally three times daily. Responses included five partial regressions, two stabilizations, and two progressions. Duration of response ranged from 3+ to 33+ months, with a mean of 11.7 months and a median of 12 months. Three of five patients who had failed prior hormonal therapy remained objectively stable while receiving megestrol acetate. No gastrointestinal toxicity, gynecomastia, fluid retention, or thromboembolic complications were observed during treatment. Weight gain of 5 to 51 pounds occurred in seven of 14 patients. PMID- 7265977 TI - Murine erythropoietin in ascitic fluid. PMID- 7265978 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible: report of a case. PMID- 7265980 TI - [Demonstration of the presence during acute inflammatory reactions of a serum factor mitogenic macrophages (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The authors have searched for the existence of mitogenic factor for macrophages in the serums of rats having undergone diverse immune and non-immune inflammatory reactions. 2. The evolution of the mitogenic activity of the inflammatory serums have been studied over a 48 hour period. This study underlined that the appearance of the mitogenic factor is very rapid since it can be found as early as 30 minutes after the injection of the irritant. 3. In most cases the evolution of the mitogenic activity of serums reveals a biphasic aspect: a strong activity is observed 1 to 2 hours after the injection of the irritant followed by a decrease of this activity which becomes weak or even null towards the sixth hour. It then increases to attain, after about 24 hours, values almost equal to those seen for the first peak. PMID- 7265979 TI - [Compared efficacies of somes antispasmodic drugs on the digestive tract and the bladder of the anesthetized dog (author's transl)]. AB - The antispasmodic activity of tiemonium, mebeverine, pitofenone + fenpiverinium association and N-butyl scopolammonium was compared in the anesthetized dog. Strain gauges were fixed on the gastric antro-fundic border, on the pylorus, on the descending duodenum and on the terminal colon. Pressure transducers were connected with water filled small balloons inserted into the gall bladder and the bladder. Five minutes after the intra-venous injection of the drugs, contraction of the smooth musculature was induced by 3 intra-venous injections of BaCl2 (1 mg.kg(-1)) at 3 minutes intervals. The results were expressed as ED50 values (mg.kg(-1)). 2. Tiemonium was the most potent of the 4 antispasmodic drugs. Its ED50 values were very similar for the different organs, ranging from 0.13 +/- 0.022 for the duodenum to 0.31 +/- 0.03 for the bladder. Mebeverine and pitofenone + fenpiverinium association were equipotent but for colon contraction, where mebeverine was more active (ED50 = 0.68 +/- 0.06). Other ED50 relatives to these 2 compounds were ranging from 0.40 +/- 0.02 (duodenum) to 1.32 +/- 0.14 (gall bladder). N-butyl scopolammonium was found to be the weakest antispasmodic drug on this model. Its activity was very weak on colon (ED50 = 5.21 +/- 0.037), gall bladder (ED50 = 5.40 +/- 0.074) and bladder (ED50 = 5.02 +/- 0.059). 3. The strong antispasmodic activity demonstrated on this model with tiemonium seems to be due to its potent inhibition of membrane Ca++ ions, added to its moderate anticholinergic activity. PMID- 7265981 TI - [Measurement of local partial oxygen pressure, thermal conductivity, and temperature of skeletal muscle and un anesthetized dogs, effects of different vasodilators (author's transl)]. PMID- 7265983 TI - [Technic for the perfusion of the isolated liver of the rat]. PMID- 7265982 TI - [The effect of prostaglandins E1 and F1 alpha and indomethacin on haemodynamic and renal endocrine and exocrine function (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The PGE1, infused into the renal artery of the dog, increased RPF, Sodium and Potassium excretion rate and UV; it diminished the EPAH and FF but did not alter GFR and PRA. 2. The indomethacin, injected IV, in an other group of animals, decreased RPF, GFR, Sodium and Potassium excretion rate and PRA, and it increased the EPAH and FF. The administration of the PGE1, inversed the results obtained by indomethacin except those of PRA. 3. The infusion of the PGF1a, in other groups of dogs, did not alter either before or after the administration of indomethacin the parameters measured. 4. It was suggested that 1) neither the PGE1 nor the PGF1a stimulated renin synthesis, in the conditions that our experiments took place. The decrease of renin synthesis by indomethacin must be provoked by the inhibition of an other substance than the PGE and PGF and 2) the role of PGE in renal haemodynamic and exocrine renal function seems to be important. PMID- 7265984 TI - Measurement of cardiac output by the thermodilution method in rats. II. Simultaneous measurement of cardiac output and blood pressure in conscious rats. AB - A method is described for the simultaneous measurement of cardiac output (CO), using the thermodilution method, and arterial blood pressure in conscious unrestrained rats. For the injection of the indicator solution (ice-cold, 0.9% saline) and for the measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, chronically-implanted polyethylene cathethers were used, while CO was measured transpulmonarily with a commercially available CO computer and an acutely implanted (via caudal artery) arterial thermistor catheter. The following were observed in 10 rats at rest: a CO of 40.2 +/- 1.9 ml/min/100 g, a mean arterial blood pressure of 106 +/- 5 mmHg, a heart rate of 417 +/- 20 beats/min and a peripheral vascular resistance of 2.68 +/- 0.13 mmHG/(ml/min/100 g). After injection of the beta-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline, there was a rise in CO and heart rate, while peripheral resistance and blood pressure were lowered. Injection of the beta-receptor-blocked propranolol caused decreases in CO and heart rate, while peripheral resistance and blood pressure rose. It is concluded, that the method described here for the simultaneous measurement of CO and arterial blood pressure is suitable for the investigation of drug-induced cardiovascular effects in conscious rats. PMID- 7265985 TI - A method for evaluating postural hypotension in conscious rabbits as a model to predict effects of drugs in man. AB - Because of the importance of postural hypotension as a side effect of antihypertensive drugs in man, an experimental model has been developed that permits the investigation of blood pressure response to tilting. Conscious rabbits were placed on a tilting table and tilted rapidly from horizontal to vertical position. Blood pressure was recorded continuously throughout the whole period. The individual orthostatic reaction was expressed as an orthostatic index. The experimental data obtained with guancydine, clonidine, guanethidine, prazosin, and dihydralazine were compared with clinical observations with regard to the impairment of orthostatic reaction; dihydralazine did not agree, but there was a good agreement for guancydine, clonidine, guanethidine, and prazosin. Although complete agreement between the experimental data and clinical observations does not exist, the model seems to be sufficient to differentiate between drugs with low or high potential for postural hypotension. PMID- 7265986 TI - Antipyrine estimations in the rabbit using gas--liquid chromatography: a reliable method for studying factors affecting oxidative drug metabolism. AB - The application of a gas--liquid chromatographic (GLC) method to measurements of antipyrine in plasma for the estimation of antipyrine half-life (T1/2) in the rabbit is described and is compared with previous GLC methods. It has been established that the estimation of antipyrine can be achieved with acceptable precision and that rabbits can act as their own controls in the study of factors that might alter T1/2. Iproniazid phosphate, 50 mg/kg IP, was shown to produce a mean increase of 170% in T1/2. PMID- 7265987 TI - A procedure for comparing the mobilities of unlabeled drugs used in microelectrophoresis experiments. AB - A novel method for comparing the absolute mobilities of unlabeled compounds released from micropipettes in microelectrophoresis experiments is described. The method is based on the principle that the introduction of a "foreign" ion into an electrolyte reduces the transport number of a "reference" ion present in the electrolyte. Using [14C]-noradrenaline as the "reference" ion, the mobilities of two "foreign" ions, methoxamine and phenylephrine, were compared. No significant difference was found between the mobilities of the two drugs. It was concluded that the two drugs probably have similar transport numbers when released from solutions of equal molarity in microelectrophoresis experiments in vivo, and thus the previously reported difference between the apparent potencies of the two drugs is presumably of biological origin. The method described here may be of use in comparing the mobilities of other compounds, the radiolabeled forms of which are either unavailable or prohibitively expensive. PMID- 7265988 TI - Estimating pA2 values for different designs. AB - The method for analyzing data leading to the estimation of a pA2 depends on the experimental design. Three different experimental designs are discussed. For each design, we provide a brief description of experimental situations that give rise to the design, a means for verifying relevant assumptions, and sample data with summary calculations. PMID- 7265989 TI - Contractile characteristics of the rat stomach strip and the rabbit aorta and mesenteric artery. AB - A comparison was made of the dose-response curves obtained in the measurement of the prostaglandin E- and thromboxane A2-like activities using a cascade system consisting of a rabbit aorta strip and mesenteric artery and a rat fundus strip. The results indicate that the contractile properties of these tissues are different. In platelets during aggregation, the TxA2-like activity was measured by bioassay; the amount of TxB2 by a radioimmunological method. PMID- 7265990 TI - Antihypertensive and orthostatic responses to drugs in conscious dogs. AB - In view of the frequent occurrence of orthostatic hypotension in antihypertensive therapy, the orthostatic potential of various classes of drugs was evaluated in conscious normotensive dogs in order to assess the utility of this model. Antihypertensive effectiveness was ascertained initially in hypertensive dogs. Inhibitors of peripheral sympathetic vasoconstrictor mechanism (phentolamine, prazosin, guanethidine) produced marked orthostatic hypotension at antihypertensive doses. In contrast, clonidine did not. The vasodilator hydralazine and, to some extent, minoxidil also caused postural effects. It is concluded that conscious dogs are useful in assessing the orthostatic potential of antihypertensive drugs but that their predictability to humans is not universal. PMID- 7265991 TI - Assembly of an inexpensive tail flick analgesia meter. PMID- 7265993 TI - A simple method for measuring total calcium in small tissue samples. AB - A simple and accurate method for determining total calcium in small tissue samples using aequorin is described. The method involves measuring the calcium induced luminescence of aequorin with the tritium channel of a liquid scintillation counter. The sensitivity of the method and specificity of the method for calcium have been determined and, theoretically, this method could determine calcium in tissue samples weighing 3 mg or as little as 2 nmol of calcium could be measured. PMID- 7265992 TI - Schultz-Dale reaction in mouse trachea. AB - A method was developed to induce contraction of immunologically sensitized mouse trachea by antigen (Schultz-Dale reaction). The response was mediated by immunoglobulin (Ig) E antibody directed against either the hapten DNP, the hapten carrier conjugate DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), or the unmodified carrier KLH. Tracheal contractions were elicited by DNP-KLH, KLH, or DNP-bovine serum albumin (BSA) but not by DNP or BSA alone. This procedure represents a useful index of in vitro anaphylaxis in mouse airway smooth muscle. PMID- 7265994 TI - Isolated, blood-perfused phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation of the dog: description of a new method and effects of neuromuscular blocking agents on twitch tension and blood flow. AB - An isolated, blood-perfused phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation of the dog was developed for pharmacological investigation. A hemi-diaphragm with the ipsi lateral phrenic nerve intact was excised from a dog anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and was perfused with arterial blood from a donor dog through the phrenic artery. This preparation maintained its tone and response in good condition for 10 hr without any deterioration of twitch tension. Effects of succinylcholine, d-tubocurarine, decamethonium, and gallamine on twitch tension and blood flow of this preparation were studied. Drugs were injected into the phrenic artery. All four compounds produced a dose-dependent depression of twitch tension elicited by indirect stimulation applied to the phrenic nerve without any depression in the tension elicited by direct stimulation applied to the muscle. The ratios of the potency to produce a 50% depression in twitch tension elicited by indirect stimulation among succinylcholine, decamethonium, d-tubocurarine, and gallamine were roughly 1:1/3:1/3:1/30 on a weight (mg) basis. d-Tubocurarine produced a dose-dependent increase in blood flow. Other compounds did not cause significant changes in blood flow. The increase in blood flow produced by d tubocurarine was markedly inhibited by diphenhydramine, which suggested histamine release by d-tubocurarine. PMID- 7265995 TI - Measurement of mucosal blood flow by assay of absorption of 125I from the intestinal lumen. AB - A method which utilized the absorption of 125I as a measure of intestinal mucosal blood flow was developed. In the pentobarbital anesthetized dog a segment of mid jejunum was isolated from adjacent vasculature and perfused with 125I solution. Superior mesenteric artery flow, blood flow to the isolated segment of intestine and 125I absorption were measured. Changes in 125I absorption were found to correlated closely with changes in blood flow (r = 0.95). Using an autoradiographic technique 125I absorption was found to be localized to the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 7265996 TI - A model describing microbial inactivation and growth kinetics. PMID- 7265997 TI - Kin selection in age-structured populations. PMID- 7265998 TI - The application of gene diversity analyses to surname diversity data. PMID- 7265999 TI - Non-linear Arrhenius plots and the analysis of reaction and motional rates in biological membranes. PMID- 7266000 TI - Xylidine isomers. VII. Structure--hepatotoxic activity relationships of some xylidines. PMID- 7266002 TI - Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the selection of biological macromolecules. PMID- 7266001 TI - Platelet survival curves in man considering the splenic pool. PMID- 7266003 TI - Implications of athlete's bradycardia on lifespan. PMID- 7266004 TI - An organism-centered approach to some community and ecosystem concepts. PMID- 7266005 TI - On the transmission of external pressure fluctuations to the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7266006 TI - Periodic majority recoding and reverberatory memory. PMID- 7266007 TI - Ab initio refinement of an orbital-centred force field for biomolecules: orbital localisation and parameterisation of the C-O-P(O2)-O-C fragment of nucleotides. PMID- 7266008 TI - Model analysis of circadian rhythms in mouse epidermal basal cell proliferation. PMID- 7266009 TI - Simpler rules for epimorphic regeneration: the polar-coordinate model without polar coordinates. PMID- 7266010 TI - A theoretical basis for self-electrophoresis. PMID- 7266011 TI - Energy considerations for kinetic proofreading in biosynthesis. PMID- 7266012 TI - Is red blood cell survival limited by the activity of critical enzyme? PMID- 7266013 TI - On the relation of family structured models and inclusive fitness models for kin selection. PMID- 7266014 TI - Sib competition can favour sex in two ways. PMID- 7266015 TI - The theoretical possibility of reverse translation of proteins into genes. PMID- 7266017 TI - Functional zones in rat liver: the degree of overlap. PMID- 7266018 TI - Qualitative and quantitative differences in intracellular protein patterns of normal immature myeloid and non-lymphocytic leukemic bone marrow cells. PMID- 7266016 TI - Predicted absorption rates with simultaneous bulk fluid flow in the intestinal tract. PMID- 7266019 TI - Differences in uptake of adriamycin and daunomycin by normal BM cells and acute leukemia cell determined by flow cytometry. PMID- 7266020 TI - Thymidine enhancement of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine activity for mouse EL4 tumors. PMID- 7266021 TI - Malaysian childhood leukemia: a 13 year review at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 7266022 TI - [Present views on sterilization]. AB - The author shows the increase in the use of sterilization (males and females) as a family planning method in the world at large, and also in Solvenia. She analyses causes which justify the increased use of sterilization and puts forward medical reasons which have changed attitudes towards sterilization, these being a prolongation of the woman's fertile age, a higher risk of complications in motherhood after the 35th year of age, and a higher risk of the use of some contraception methods in women over 35 years old. PMID- 7266023 TI - [Legal statutes on sterilization]. AB - Sterilization in Yugoslavia is no population policy measure. Decision about the birth of children is free, a private problem of any individual, a basic right guaranteed by the Constitution. However, according to certain laws in Slovenia and Croatia, sterilization is allowed as a family planning method in persons over 35 year old. Only exceptionally can sterilization be applied in persons younger than 35 years: according to the Slovenian law, in cases when a person lacks the capacity of reasoning and also when there are medical indications, and according to the Croatian law, when there are medical and eugenic reasons (if the child is supposed to be born with negative congenital properties). PMID- 7266024 TI - [The status of sterilization in proposed legislation in Serbia]. AB - According to the draft to for the respective law in Serbia, sterilization is meant to be allowed only on the basis of medical indications determined by a consilium of physicians and with the consent of the person in question. Only exceptionally, for persons incapable of reasoning, can be the consent to sterilization be given by their guardian with the preceding agreement of the guardianship office. In other words, the law on sterilization in Serbia does not accept sterilization as a method for birth control planning. PMID- 7266025 TI - [Sterilization of men and women according to present regulations with particular emphasis on the Vojvodina region]. AB - The authors discuss the legal and medico-legal situation concerning sterilization in Vojvodina during the past 35 years. The total number of tubal sterilization performed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Medical faculty in Novi Sad is presented in tabular form. The text of the patient's consensus for tubal sterilization (proposal of the text) is also included. PMID- 7266026 TI - [Voluntary sterilization of women and men in Croatia]. AB - In 1979, the second year following the legalization of sterilization as a family planning method in Croatia, the operation was performed in 88 women and not a single man. Sterilization of women carried out concomitantly with other operations was performed 109 times. Decision about it has often been taken without the case being brought before a commission as provided by law. A regards techniques, minilaparotomy and laparoscopy have not been applied frequently. Artificial abortion is an important family planning method, its application in Croatia in 1979 amounting to 44, 513 cases. PMID- 7266027 TI - [Legal regulations as an instrument of family planning]. AB - Basic biodemographic tendencies in human reproduction in the Kosovo region are analysed. The natality level is recorded to be high (1972--1978: 37.0--35.3 per 1000 inhabitants), along with the low values of the proportion of abortions per 1000 women of the generative age (26.6--24.8), the proportion of abortions per 1000 liveborn children (157--154.1), and the proportion of abortions per 1000 inhabitants (5.8--5.7). The authors concluded that the problem of human reproduction in the country has been consequently and many-sidedly regulated by the country's highest legislative acts. In their opinion, the introduction of sterilization by law would be an inappropriate instrument, incapable of replacing social, medical, economic, cultural, and other measures; its use should be limited only within the boundary of medical indications. PMID- 7266028 TI - [Views on sterilization of the Stage I Commission on Abortion in Ljubljana]. AB - During the period from July 1, 1977 to May 31, 1980 the First Stage Commission for Permission of Abortion in Ljubljana accepted 100 requests for female sterilization, 34.9% of them being accepted for medical and 65.0% for non-medical reasons. The average age of women was 41 years which shows that the majority of women decided about sterilization late. A total of 51 women came to be sterilized. Nearly all of them are satisfied with the operation, they only regret that they had not done it earlier. At the end of the waiting period 35 women did not come for sterilization and nearly half of them changed their mind definitely. Generally speaking, the women are satisfied with sterilization. They think the age limit should be reduced from 35 to 30 years and that the waiting period should last 1 month only. PMID- 7266029 TI - [Optimal terms for sterilization]. AB - Sterilization can be performed in the immediate postpartum, post abortion, or as an interval procedure. Traditionally, postpartum sterilization should be performed within the first two days after delivery, thereafter the risk for infection is believed to increase. Sterilization and artificial abortion are performed as concomitant procedures, while interval sterilization is carried out at least six weeks after the termination of pregnancy. Though many authors consider the sterilization in the immediate postpartum and postabortion period safe enough, the comparative studies show that interval sterilization has less complications. Postpartum (postabortion) sterilization has much more disadvantages than advantages in comparison to interval sterilization. The main advantage of postpartum sterilization is only one hospitalization while disadvantages are the increased risk of hemorrhage, uterine perforation, thromboembolic disease, infection, technical difficulties, and psychological problems. For these reasons interval sterilization is recommended. PMID- 7266030 TI - [Complications in sterilized women in Ljubljana]. AB - From October 1977 to April 1980, 51 women were sterilized. Transabdominal access was most frequent, while the sterilization itself was mostly performed according to the Madlener method. Postoperative complications occurred in 3 women. In all of them the sterilization was performed by colpotomy posterior according to the Madlener method. In two women it was combined with additional gynaecological intervention. This confirms the already known fact that there are much more complications if sterilization is performed transvaginal by or combined with other operative interventions. After the performed sterilization the majority of women did not notice any changes in their menstrual cycles or in their general state of health. It is also positive that more than a half of women were more satisfied with their sexual life after than before sterilization. PMID- 7266031 TI - [Indications for female sterilization in our surgical records]. AB - During the period of 1970--1979 there were 303 patients sterilized by the Madlener method. Out of the them number. The highest number was delivered by caesarean section (182, 60%), and the highest number of the sterilized in the group of caesarean, section were multiparae with seven and more living children (102, 89.5%), then those with the third caesarean section (38, 76%), the fourth (3, 75%), the second (22, 10%), and the first caesarean section (17, 3.42%). Special conditions for sterilization were age, more than 30 years old, with three and more children with medical and socio-economic indications. In 21 women (40%) sterilization was performed as an additional intervention to the other laparatomies, when there was a special care about the number of living children (above three), age and medical indications. There were 3 (0,99%) failed sterilisations (one ectopic pregnancy and two in utero). The authors advocate women's free declaration for sterilization and respective legal acts. PMID- 7266032 TI - [Spontaneous recanalization of tubes after surgical sterilization]. AB - The authors present their 13 cases of sterilization in which a spontaneous recanalization of tubes occurred. Out of these 13 cases, 11 underwent sterilization after the operative Madlener method, while in the remaining 2 cases a laparoscopic method by thermocoagulation was applied. Recanalization in most cases (7) developed 15 or more months after operative sterilization. An adequate passage of tubes was verified in 12 cases through pregnancy, while only in one case HSG was applied, showing a spontaneous recanalization of the right tube. PMID- 7266033 TI - [Preliminary results of experimental reanastomosis of uterine horns of laboratory rats after sterilization]. AB - The goal of the launched studies was to analyse, on an experimental model, the histophysiological properties of the segments of the rat's uterine horns after end-to-end anastomoses by the microsurgery technique. Sexually mature females of the laboratory Winster strain were used. Eight weeks after the uterine horns were ligated for sterilization, reanastomosomes were performed. One group of animals was given hydrocortisone for 8 days postoperatively. The results of the observation of the sites of anastomosis has shown that the use of the microsurgery technique allows an almost ideal reconstruction of the cut segments. The absence of chronic interstitial changes in the endometrium, a decreased presence of connective-muscular tissues within the stroma and the RES system cells in animals having received hydrocortisone in relation to those who have not -- all this indicates that the postoperative use of hydrocortisone decreases both the "reactive" growth of the connective tissue and the RES system cells. PMID- 7266034 TI - [Sterilization of the male]. AB - The authors describe conditions in the field of sterilization in Slovenia from July 1977 to December 1979 in view of the new law on medical measures for the realization of the right to free decision on the birth of children. During this time 163 females and 62 males were sterilized. A general approach to sterilization is described, as well as the results of vasectomy. PMID- 7266035 TI - [Psychological aspects of sterilization]. AB - Data from the literature are presented on the psychological and psychiatric aspects of the sterilization of men and women in developed and developing countries. Emphasis is laid on the methodological shortcomings of the studies carried so far and the need for further investigations and objective assessments of the psychological and psychiatric consequences of sterilization. PMID- 7266036 TI - [Cervical factors in sterility]. AB - The author sets forth most recent views of the role of the cervical factor in the process of conception, of the composition of the cervical secretion, the mechanism of the elimination of the secretion, the sperm transport, secretory changes under the influence of hormones, and the part played by cervical crypts in the whole process. It is pointed out that in the assessment of the cervical factor in the development of infertility, the distributed sperm transport itself is already a disease of the cervix. PMID- 7266037 TI - [Cervical mucus as a barrier to conception and spermatozoa migration]. AB - Cervical mucus plays an important role in the migration of spermatozoids only in certain species. The transport of spermatozoids through the cervix is greatly influenced by seminal protease, the pH of the cervical mucus, proteins, immune antibodies of the seminal plasma, and ovarian hormones. A considerable part in the mechanism of spermatozoid migration through the uterus and tubes, along with their own motility, the chemotaxis of the ovarian cell, and prostaglandin, is played also by oxytocin. Apart from the well-known effect of this hormone on the transport of spermatozoids, its small doses stimulate the elimination of luteinizing hormones, in which way they enhance success in fertilization, and this has been substantiated by an experiment in 413 animals. A successful fertilization is greatly ensured also by the capacitation of spermatozoids. PMID- 7266038 TI - [Cervical factor in sterile couples with an ovulatory cycle normospermia and patent tubes]. AB - In 54 sterile married couples with a normal biophasic cycle, passable tubes, and normozoospermia, the properties of the cervical mucus were investigated. The biphasic cycle was determined according to the basal temperature curve, in which the hyperthermal phase lasts 12 days or more, the concentration of pregnanediol in the urine on the 22nd day of the cycle (6.4 mg/24h), estrogen on the 12th day of the cycle (78.4 micrograms/24h), and the LH concentration on the 13th day of the cycle (58.3 U/l). A positive crystallization test was found in 12 out of 54 patients and the postcoital test in 8 out of 54 patients. In 31 patients with the clinical symptoms of colpitis and cervicitis the culture of the cervical secretion showed pathogenic bacteria in 24 patients. Eighteen patients were subjected to conization previously. A positive crystallization test and a normal postcoital test were found only in 14 out of 17 patients following conization but in not single patient with cervicitis. After antibiotic therapy and stimulation with estrogens a restitution of the function of the cervical mucosa was observed in 25 patients, while 12 patients became pregnant. Inflammation proved to impair the normal function of the cervical mucosa, and if lasting long, it can lead to irreversible changes. Also surgery in cervix can result in the destruction and reduction of cervical glands and should therefore be strictly medically indicated and carefully performed, especially in nulligravidae. PMID- 7266039 TI - [Cervical infection as a cause of female sterility]. AB - The study covered 116 infertile women in whom other etiological factors were ruled out, while 55 fertile patients served as controls. In infertile women, within the ovulation term, microorganisms of intestinal origin were isolated in 42.24%. Banal flora was present in 24.13%, while the saprophytic flora was verified in 21.5%. Culture media remained sterile in 8.62%. In the control group the differences are self, evident: the pathogenic flora was present only in 12.18% and the culture media remained sterile in 38.18%. In spite of the findings in the endocervix, the cervix was macroscopically normal in 54.31% of infertile persons. In patients from the control group, with regard to deliveries, pathologic changes of the portion were present in a higher percentage. The number of spermagglutinins in the serum was somewhat higher in patients from the infertile group in whom the infection of the endocervix was observed. PMID- 7266040 TI - [Bacteriological findings in the cervical mucus of sterile women]. AB - In 61 sterile women the cervical secretion was examined bacteriologically. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was found in one women (1.6%), in two women the nutrient media remained sterile, in three women no pathogenic bacteria were observed, while in the remaining 55 women (90.16%) there were microorganisms without any pathogenic effect on the cervix. The kind and percentage of the isolated bacteria are shown in tabular form. PMID- 7266041 TI - [Cervical clefts as a possible etiologic factor in sterility]. AB - Follow-up gynecological and colposcopic examinations performed in 81 patients after the puerperium have shown that out of 15 sutured ruptures only 9 (60%) healed. The follow-up colposcopic examination revealed 19 unstitched clefts of which 13 did not heal and 6 healed leaving a scar (31.5%). The ectopy of the cervical mucosa was found 5 times (33.3) in the group of stitched clefts and 8 times (47.3%) in the group of unstitched clefts, among which there was also leukoplakia in one case. In the group without the injury of the cervix, ectopia was observed in 11 cases (23.4%). In the course of 1979, at the Gynecology Department, cerclage was performed 474 times. Out of these cases, 20 women (4.2%) underwent cerclage owing to the cleft of the uterine cervix and previous spontaneous abortions. The authors recommend a careful surgical treatment of the cleft and consider the revision of the cervix after each delivery absolutely necessary, both these measures being meant to serve as prevention against sterility and infertility. PMID- 7266042 TI - [Pregnancy outcome in cervical cerclage with repositioning of prolapsed fetal membranes]. AB - In the past five years cerclage was performed at the Department in 265 pregnant women (1.87% of all births). The outcome of pregnancy is presented in fifteen pregnant women in whom cerclage was performed with the reposition of the prolapsed fetal membranes. In five patients pregnancy was terminated on time, while four of them gave birth to premature infants, and the infants are alive. The total survival rate is 60%. In three of the women pregnancy was effected between the 29th and the 31st weeks, and their newborns died, whereas the remaining three women aborted before the 28th gestation week. The results justify the operation even in such unfavorable cases, as an attempt to maintain pregnancy. PMID- 7266043 TI - [The effect of agglutinating and immobilizing antibodies on sperm transport in cervical mucus]. AB - Antibodies against spermatozoids can prevent the passage of of spermatozoids through the cervical mucus in the in vitro penetration test. Statistically significant negative correlations were observed between spermoagglutinizing antibodies, spermoimmobilizing antibodies, and the penetration capacity of spermatozoids through the cervical mucus, which means that the spermoimmobilizing activities of the agglutinizing serum might have been responsible for the diminished penetration of spermatozoids. PMID- 7266045 TI - [Ionization of the cervix uteri]. AB - A procedure of copper ionization of the cervix uteri performed in 1054 cases of chronic cervicitis is described. This way of treatment resulted in the reduction of exaggerated cervical discharge, the volume of the cervix was diminished, and erosions became smaller. Slight bleeding after this therapy was recorded as complication in two cases. In 85% of cases only one ionization is needed to reach the optimal therapeutic effect. PMID- 7266044 TI - [Immunoglobulins in serum and seminal fluid in patients with sperm agglutination]. AB - Serum immunoglobulins and immunoglobulins in the seminal fluid were determined in 32 men with normospermia without agglutination and in 37 men with normospermia with agglutination. In the seminal fluid also secretory IgA and the secretory component were recorded. The values of serum immunoglobulins were more or less the same. So were the IgG values in the seminal plasma of both groups. IgA was found more frequently in the seminal plasma of patients with agglutination. IgM was not found at all. Secretory IgA and the secretory component were for the most part found in the seminal plasma of patients with normospermia and agglutination. The finding of secretory IgA and the secretory component gives an insight into the local synthesis of sperma-antibodies. PMID- 7266046 TI - [Use of cryocauterization in benign processes in the uterine cervix]. AB - The authors report on their experience with the application of low temperatures in benign alterations of the cervix. Technical details of the process are described, as well as the clinical progress after the application of cryogenic devices. The results of cryotherapy in a series of 96 cases are presented. Special stress is given to the cosmetic effect of the method applied to the cervix deformed through the laceration of the orifice. PMID- 7266047 TI - The effect of duodenal infusion of graded doses of HCL on plasma secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and on duodenal bicarbonate secretion in man. PMID- 7266048 TI - Acute renal failure after exposure to carbon monoxide. PMID- 7266049 TI - The lysosomal hydrolases of dog's kidney in the course of acute experimental pancreatitis. PMID- 7266050 TI - Electrophysiologic, mechanical and ultrastructural changes on reperfusion in the dog heart. PMID- 7266051 TI - Histological and histochemical evidence of tetracycline hydrochloride hepatoxicity in young rats. PMID- 7266052 TI - Ultrastructural investigations of the liver in young (suckling) rats receiving tetracycline hydrochloride. PMID- 7266053 TI - Microscopic image analysis by the optical Fourier transform. PMID- 7266054 TI - The influence of a no-sugar diet on the composition of VLDL-fraction in patients with idiopathic hyperlipoprotenemia of type IIb and IV. PMID- 7266055 TI - Carcinoma of the prostate. Where are we? PMID- 7266056 TI - The unique position of Central Europe in the epidemiological geography of coronary heart disease. PMID- 7266057 TI - Observations on the distribution of intrarenal nervous tissue. PMID- 7266058 TI - Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. 10-year prospective study. AB - Because factual basic knowledge is lacking regarding the natural history of primary hyperparathyroidism, it has been impossible to make a reasonable prognostication of the risks inherent to judicious observation as a justifiable alternative to neck exploration in patients with mild asymptomatic and uncomplicated hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, in January 1968 a prospective study was initiated at the Mayo Clinic in an effort to provide more information regarding the natural history of this disease. The cumulative 10-year findings of this study are presented. On the basis of the findings, it was not possible to define criteria that will predict which patients with primary asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism will ultimately require surgery. PMID- 7266059 TI - Standardized nomenclature and anatomic basis for regional tomographic analysis of the heart. AB - The noninvasive evaluation of cardiac diseases by two-dimensional imaging techniques is now a reality. Two-dimensional echocardiography is a well established clinical tool, and both roentgenographic computed tomography and isotope positron reconstructions of the heart are being developed. The time has come for the pathologist to perform systematic and correlative cross-sectional analysis of cardiac diseases at autopsy. To attain this goal, the pathologist and clinician must work together. This paper describes various methods for examination of the heart at autopsy and emphasizes the value of tomographic sections. The concept of regional analysis of the heart is described, and a standardized system of nomenclature is offered for the pathologist and the clinician. PMID- 7266061 TI - Statistics for clinicians. 8. Comparing two proportions: the relative deviate test and chi-square equivalent. PMID- 7266060 TI - Neurologic aspects of thyroid dysfunction. AB - Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are common medical disorders that are often accompanied by diverse types of neurologic and neuromuscular dysfunction. Although some of these associated disorders are well known to physicians, others are not. All of these neurologic manifestations are important because they can severe as important clues to the diagnosis of a thyroid disorder. Furthermore, they are often related to the patients' presenting complaints. In addition, much like other manifestations of thyroid dysfunction, they are often reversible with return of the patient to the euthyroid state. PMID- 7266062 TI - Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: treat or follow? PMID- 7266063 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 7266064 TI - Correlation of cerebral blood flow and electroencephalographic changes during carotid endarterectomy: with results of surgery and hemodynamics of cerebral ischemia. PMID- 7266065 TI - The human technology of medicine. PMID- 7266066 TI - Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation as adjunct to aneurysmectomy in high-risk patients. AB - Patients with severe coronary artery disease that is not amenable to coronary artery bypass surgery face formidable risks when major aortic surgery becomes necessary. In this report we present such a patient, who successfully underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm resection and graft replacement with the prophylactic use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. The use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation at the time of surgery has the potential of improving cardiac function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and favorably influencing the perioperative and postoperative mortality in these patients. Its use also appears worthy of trial in patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and shock, in the hope that it will result in improved survival in these patients. PMID- 7266067 TI - Diagnosis of sinus venosus atrial septal defect by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7266068 TI - Statistics for clinicians. 9. Evaluating a new diagnostic procedure. PMID- 7266069 TI - Cerebral protection during carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7266070 TI - In utero exposure to DES: what have we learned? PMID- 7266071 TI - Carcinoma of the colon and rectum: part 3, therapeutic modalities. PMID- 7266072 TI - 14 years of experience with hyperbaric oxygen therapy at MIEMSS. PMID- 7266073 TI - Maryland rehabilitation center. PMID- 7266075 TI - Effects of in vitro aging and cell growth on the viability and recovery of human diploid fibroblasts, TIG-1, after freezing and thawing. AB - The viability and the recovery (cell attachment to the dish) after thawing of human diploid fibroblasts (TIG-1) frozen by four different methods were studied at different passages. Improved results were observed in a medium of 30% fetal bovine serum plus 15% glycerol, compared with the conventional medium which contained 10% fetal bovine serum plus 10% glycerol. Centrifugation to remove glycerol immediately after thawing had a negative effect on the viability and recovery of cells. The recovery of cells after freezing and thawing showed a maximal value in the middle of phase II (PD 35) during the finite lifespan of the cell (average PD 67). This results indicates that the cells at early and late passages are sensitive to injury by freezing and thawing. The modified method yielded improved recovery, especially in the cells at early and late passages, except for the extremely senile stage. The recovery was also affected by the state of cell growth after inoculation. PMID- 7266074 TI - Comparison between developmental and senescent changes in enzyme activities linked to energy metabolism in rat heart. AB - The developmental and senescent patterns of a number of heart enzyme activities linked to energy metabolism have been studied in rats aged between 4 days and 21 months. A morphometric study of mitochondrial volume fractions and numbers has been also carried out. Developmental changes result in a rise of most mitochondrial enzymes (NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase) and mitochondrial volume fractions. Exceptions are NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase, which declines from 4 days onwards, and NAD+ malate dehydrogenase, which declines and then rises over the same period. Senescent changes follow two different trends. While pyruvate kinase and those mitochondrial enzymes lying between citrate formation and isocitrate oxidation (citrate synthase, NADP+-and NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenases) decline to some degree, mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and NAD+-malate dehydrogenase activities increase over the same period. This could point towards a partial impairment of Krebs cycle function, and a reduced energy-producing capacity in the aged rat heart. PMID- 7266076 TI - Intestinal microflora and aging: age-related change of lipid metabolism in germ free and conventional rats. AB - The influence of intestinal microflora and aging on the lipid metabolism in germ free (GF) and conventional (CV) rats, 8 and 40 weeks old, was investigated. Serum cholesterol at the age of 8 and 40 weeks and serum triglyceride (TG) at the age of 40 weeks was higher in GF than in CV rats. Serum cholesterol decreased and serum TG and corticosterone tended to increase in both GF and CV rats with aging. In the rats 40 weeks of age, lipase activity of the pancreas and the duodenal, jejunal, and colorectal contents in GF rats increased, but that of the ileal and cecal contents in GF and CV rats decreased. Intestinal microflora tended to depress the age-related increase of serum TG and lipase activity of the pancreas and the duodenal and jejunal contents. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) activities of the epididymal adipose tissue were higher in CV than in GF rats at both 8 to 40 weeks of age. The LPL activity increased and the HSL activity decreased in both GF and CV rats with aging. The concentration of cholesterol increased and that of bile acids decreased in the cecal contents of 40-week-old GF rats. PMID- 7266077 TI - Effect of age and metabolic rate on lipid peroxidation in the housefly, Musca domestica L. AB - The objective of this study was to explore the mechanism by which metabolic rate may affect life span by determining the relationship between lipid peroxidation potential and experimentally altered life spans in the adult housefly. Lipid peroxidation potential, measured in vitro, provides an indication of the relative conditions within the tissues affecting the susceptibility of polyunsaturated fatty acids to undergo non-enzymic peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation potential increased with age at a significantly faster rate in houseflies raised at 30 degrees C as compared to those kept at 25 degrees C. The life span of flies at 25 degrees C was longer and metabolic rate lower than at 30 degrees C. The effect of physical activity on lipid peroxidation potential was studied by comparing flies maintained under high and low physical activity regimes. Lipid peroxidation potential increased at a relatively greater rate with age in high-activity flies. The results suggest that accelerated senescence associated with higher metabolic rates, increases the rate of age-associated decline in the ability of houseflies to counteract lipid peroxidation in vitro. PMID- 7266078 TI - In vivo effects of vitamin E deficiency on the intracellular monovalent electrolyte concentrations in brain and liver of rat. An energy dispersive X-ray microanalytic study. AB - Vitamin E is known to play a protective role for cell membranes against free radical attacks. Vitamin E deficiency causes a rapid macroscopic ageing of rats. On the other hand, during normal ageing, cell membranes undergo functional alterations resulting in an increased intracellular potassium concentration in brain and liver cells. Therefore, is was of interest to study whether vitamin E deficiency produces similar alterations in young rats. Female Wistar rats were fed with a vitamin E deficient diet from 1 month of age for 10 months. The parietal brain cortex and the liver were analyzed by means of a quantitative energy dispersive X-ray microanalytic method using a JEOL JSM-35C-EDAX-711-NOVA-3 system. Monovalent electrolyte contents as well as the water content of the cells were determined in 5 treated and 5 control animals. Water content was measured by analyzing the potassium content in aqueous, frozen state, and again in the dry mass of the cells. On the basis of these data, a computer program calculated the water proportions. Average values for 200 or more cells of each organ per group revealed a significant increase in the intracellular potassium content of the brain cells, whereas the sodium and chloride contents increased to a much lower extent. There was a 2.6% loss of intracellular water in the brain cells in the vitamin E deficient group. The liver monovalent ions and water content remained unchanged. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the membrane hypothesis of ageing. PMID- 7266079 TI - The relationship of DNA excision repair of ultraviolet-induced lesions to the maximum life span of mammals. AB - Physical and chemical agents present in the environment can potentially damage mammalian DNA. Such damage is known in some cases to be repaired by the process of DNA excision repair. This process has been extensively studied utilizing the repair of ultraviolet irradiation damage as a model system. In this study we have used this system and the 5-bromodeoxyuridine photolysis assay to measure DNA excision repair in cells derived from 21 mammalian species. We have attempted to relate the DNA repair proficiencies and the average size of the repaired regions seen in the cell cultures with the various maximum life spans of the mammals studied. There was an approximate linear correlation between life span of the mammals and the number of DNA excision repair sites measured 20-22 hours following ultraviolet irradiation of the cell cultures. Several deviations from the linear relationships were observed which remain largely unexplained. The size of the repaired regions was shown not to be related to the maximum life spans of the mammals tested. PMID- 7266080 TI - Freeze-fracture analysis of the effects of age and 2,4-dinitrophenol on the morphology of flight muscle mitochondria of Musca domestica L. AB - Morphometric comparison of freeze-fractured mitochondria in flight muscles of adult (37-day-old) and old (68-day-old) houseflies revealed a 28% decrease of cristae in the old flies. The major membrane change with age was an increase in the 90-120-A particles in the inner membrane external face concomitant with a loss of particle clusters associated with the openings of the cristae on to the inner membrane. In vitro treatment of flight muscle with 2,4-dinitrophenol, and uncoupler of mitochondrial respiration, did not produce this change but resulted in the formation of smooth particle-free vesicular swellings in the mitochondria. Such swelling were infrequent in the old muscle. The cause for the aging change is not clear, but a reduction in the ability of the intramembranous particles to aggregate, either through modification of altered synthesis, is indicated. PMID- 7266081 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). PMID- 7266083 TI - Systemic arterial hypertension in rats exposed to short-term isolation; intra arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity. AB - A system is described for accurately recording systolic and diastolic blood pressure in conscious, unrestrained rats. The system consists of a portion of flexible intra-arterial catheter joined to a length of rigid plastic tubing which is connected to a transducer via a stainless steel needle and tap. The whole system is filled with degassed saline. Traces obtained on a recording oscilloscope indicate that this system gives a flat response to 35 Hz. With this system we have shown that systolic and diastolic blood pressures are significantly greater in rats which have been isolated for 15--20 days than in group-housed animals, both in the anaesthetized and conscious state. Measurements were made of the pulse-interval response to an increase in systolic blood pressure induced by either a bolus injection or a slow infusion of a vasoconstrictor drug as a means of assessing baroreflex sensitivity. There was a significant reduction of the baroreflex sensitivity of isolated rats compared to grouphoused animals. The present findings indicate that the elevation in blood pressure seen in isolated rats is not a transient response to the stress of the indirect measurement techniques used in previous studies. PMID- 7266082 TI - Adrenal catecholamines during and following hypoxia in neonatal rats. AB - The synthesis and content of adrenal catecholamines during hypoxia (6% O2) and the following recovery period were investigated in 4-day old rats. Adrenal catecholamine synthesis, as indicated by the dopamine content of the glands, increased significantly during hypoxia. During hypoxia a significant decrease in the adrenal noradrenaline but not adrenaline content was noted. In the recovery period following 30 min of hypoxia the noradrenaline level was rapidly restored to the control value. The results show that hypoxia causes increased catecholamine synthesis in the immature rat adrenal gland, presumably mediated by an increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity induced via the splanchnic nerves. In the neonate rat hypoxia seems to stimulate the release of a larger proportion of noradrenaline than adrenaline from the adrenal glands when compared to the adult animal. PMID- 7266084 TI - Genetic disorders of collagen. PMID- 7266085 TI - Inactivated chromatographic influenza vaccine. AB - The characteristics of laboratory parameters of inactivated whole influenza virus vaccine, obtained by the purification of allantoic virus cultures on macroporous glass, are presented. The vaccine is characterized by small reactogenicity and safety, which allows it to be used in both adolescents and adults. Seroconversions to hemagglutinin have been found in 80--95% of individuals vaccinated once during the test vaccination by the preparation containing various strains of influenza A/H3N2/virus. Post-vaccination antibody rise has been investigated in the nasal secretion of vaccinated individuals. PMID- 7266086 TI - Effect of alloxan on phosphate transport in isolated mouse liver mitochondria. AB - The swelling technique was used to study the transport of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in isolated mitochondria from mouse liver. Mitochondria preincubated with alloxan exhibited an early inhibition of Pi uptake, which was dependent both upon the concentration of alloxan and the duration of the reaction with alloxan. No significant inhibition was found with 1 mM alloxan, whereas 10 mM alloxan caused approximately 50 percent inhibition. Maximum inhibition was observed at 2 min with 10 mM alloxan, and at 10 min with 2.5 mM alloxan. Alloxan did not significantly affect the swelling of mitochondria preincubated with acetate, indicating that the inhibition by alloxan of Pi uptake is due to an action of the drug on the Pi carrier (Pi/OH-). The findings support our Pi-pH hypothesis for the development of alloxan diabetes. PMID- 7266087 TI - Thyroid hormone dependency in immature but not mature grafted locus coeruleus neurons. Evidence from intraocular innervation of iris transplants. AB - Fetal brain tissue pieces containing locus coeruleus noradrenaline neurons were combined with sequentially or simultaneously grafted irides in the anterior eye chamber of thyroidectomized or normal host rats. The aim was to reveal possible morphological alterations in the adrenergic fibres innervating the iris grafts, induced by thyroid hormone deficiency, and to compare that possible hormone dependency with what has been found before in host irides innervated by locus coeruleus neurons. Nerve fibre outgrowth was evaluated in iris whole mounts, using Falck Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry. The distribution of locus coeruleus-derived fibres on host irides was markedly altered in the thyroidectomized hosts. The number of fluorescent axon bundles was significantly decreased, and the intermingled varicose nerve fibre plexus contained numerous accumulations of fluorescent material. In the iris grafts from normal or thyroidectomized hosts reinnervated by matyured locus coeruleus neurons there was no difference in distribution or morphology between the two groups. This clearly shows that matured locus coeruleus neurons are not thyroid hormone dependent during a reinnervation process, after the stimulus elicited by a sensory denervation of iris. When immature locus coeruleus neurons were made to innervate iris grafts by simultaneous grafting of brain tissue and an iris to the eye a clearly reduced number of axon bundles was formed in the iris grafts of the thyroidectomized group. The morphological discrepancies between the two groups were, however, markedly smaller for iris grafts than for corresponding host irides. This might indicate that the potent growth stimulus elicited by sensory denervation of irides partly counteract the inhibition of axon bundle formation by immature grafted locus coeruleus neurons in irides during thyroid hormone deficiency. PMID- 7266091 TI - Testing device to determine the dynamic rheological properties of soft tissues in biaxial elongation. PMID- 7266088 TI - Abnormal control of growth hormone secretion by opiate systems in acromegalic patients: a study with naloxone and 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB 154). AB - The present study was undertaken with the aim of exploring the role that opiate systems may have in neuroendocrine control in acromegaly. The effects of naloxone (0.4 mg, i.m.), of 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB154, 2.5 mg, p.o.) and of the interaction between CB154 and naloxone on growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion were studied in 11 acromegalic patients. CB154 reduced both GH and PRL serum levels, naloxone only GH serum levels. The latter effect deserves further study aimed at a possible new therapeutic approach to GH hypersecretion observed in acromegaly. Naloxone also interfered with the lowering effects of CB154 and GH and PRL serum levels, pointing to the existence of an interaction between dopaminergic and opiate control of GH and PRL secretion in acromegaly. PMID- 7266090 TI - Calibration curve for the weight distribution study using barograph and microdensitometer technique. PMID- 7266089 TI - Adamantine influenza and the adamantanes. PMID- 7266092 TI - Improved Doppler ultrasonic monitoring of the foetal heart rate. PMID- 7266093 TI - Numerical solution of the bioelectric field of the e.r.g. PMID- 7266094 TI - Dual-channel self-balancing impedance plethysmograph for vascular studies. PMID- 7266095 TI - Use of gait stimulation in the evaluation of a spring-loaded knee joint orthosis for Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. PMID- 7266097 TI - Helium-neon laser screening of human body. PMID- 7266096 TI - Microprocessor-control of drug infusion for automatic blood-pressure control. PMID- 7266098 TI - Measurement of middle ear pressure with a single transducer and a half-wavelength acoustic transmission line. PMID- 7266099 TI - Mental activity and the e.e.g.: task and workload related effects. PMID- 7266100 TI - Identification of the stretch reflex using pseudorandom excitation: electromyographic response to displacement of the human forearm. PMID- 7266101 TI - An electric tooth pulp vitality tester. PMID- 7266102 TI - Small-opening microwave applicator for noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring. PMID- 7266103 TI - Transducer for in vivo measurement of the inner diameter of arteries in laboratory animals. PMID- 7266104 TI - Interface for f.m.-recording of and digital computing on the photodiode pulse train from the urinary drop spectrometer. PMID- 7266105 TI - Stray-capacitance neutralisation for high-resistance microelectrodes--a simple analysis. PMID- 7266106 TI - Assessment of loads in the knee joint. PMID- 7266107 TI - Effect of some physiologically important drugs on the skin impedance. PMID- 7266108 TI - Accurate digital synthesizer for simulating vectorcardiogram. PMID- 7266109 TI - Goniometer for continuous recording of knee angle. PMID- 7266110 TI - Patterns of primary care utilization in a triethnic urban population of school children. AB - Patterns of primary health care utilization for a random sample of urban elementary school children in three ethnic groups are described. Visit type, reasons for visit, and frequency of visits remained stable from year to year. More than 50 per cent of the children were non-visitors each year; 72 per cent of those not visiting the first year also did not visit the second year. Anglo Americans were more likely to be non-visitors. Enrollment in a children and youth project is examined as a system factor that enabled limited-income families to seek comprehensive medical services. Analysis of the lowest two social classes indicated that significantly fewer Anglos than Mexican-Americans and blacks were enrolled in the Children and Youth Project. The proportion of Anglo non-visitors in the enrolled group was higher than the proportion of enrolled non-visitors in the Mexican-American and black population. Each year, significantly more children in the non-visitor category were in the non-enrolled group regardless of ethnicity. PMID- 7266111 TI - Physicians' attitudes toward female patients. AB - The relative impact of a patient's sex and expressivity (expression of a personal problem) on attitudes of physicians toward patients was assessed using case simulations and questionnaires. Eight simulated cases were used that varied by presenting complaint, patient sex, and inclusion or exclusion of a personal problem. Two non-identical cases were read by each of 253 primary-care physicians, yielding 506 questionnaires for analysis. Of the physicians, 25 per cent believed women were likely to make excessive demands on physician time, although only 14 per cent believed this likely of men (p less than 0.01); women's complaints were judged more likely to be influenced by emotional factors (65 per cent versus 51 per cent in men, p less than 0.01), and were identified as psychosomatic more frequently than were men's (21 per cent versus 9 per cent, p less than 0.01). No sex differences were observed for tranquilizer prescriptions. Sex differences persisted when complaint and expressiveness were controlled; however, physicians' reactions to expressivity were strong enough to equalize male-female differences in some items. Although non-expressive women were more likely to receive a psychosomatic diagnosis than non-expressive men (14 per cent versus 2 per cent, p less than 0.01), expressive men and women were almost equally likely to receive psychosomatic diagnoses. Thus, differences in labeling occurred as a function of the patient's sex and expressivity. The effects of these differences on quality of care remain to be determined. PMID- 7266112 TI - Physician treatment of men and women patients: sex bias or appropriate care? AB - This paper considers medical care given by physicians to men and women in the United States. It asks how often significant sex differences in care occur, and if these differences are attributable to medically relevant factors or not. Sex differences in diagnostic services, therapeutic services, and dispositions for follow-up are studied for All Visits, 15 major groups of complaints, and 5 specific complaints (fatigue, headache, vertigo/dizziness, chest pain, and back pain). Data are from the 1975 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). The analysis reveals that medical care is often similar for men and women, but a sizable numbers of significant sex differences occur (about 30 to 40 per cent of the services and dispositions studied), and they tend to show more medical care for women. Most of the differences persist even after controlling for medically relevant factors (patient age, seriousness of problem, diagnosis, prior visit status, and reasons for visit). Notably, women still receive more total prescriptions, and return appointments for many complaint groups. They receive more services for back pain and headaches and more follow-up plans for vertigo/dizziness and back pain. Remaining sex differences may be due to missing medical factors, patient requests for care, patient distress and needs for nurturance, and physician sex bias. In contrast to a recent San Diego study, national data show few significant sex differences in the extent and content of diagnostic services given for five common complaints. PMID- 7266113 TI - An aging population and the use of medical care. AB - This paper projects the use of medical care forward and backward, from 1950 to 2050, to show the importance of the changing age structure of the population for this sector of the economy. The results indicate that institutional care will consume a growing share of the medical care budget in the next century. If rates of use by age and sex remain at current levels, the aging of the population will push days of hospital care to 1621 per 1000 population in 2040, the peak year for hospital use, compared with 1241 per 1000 in 1975. Residents in nursing homes are projected to number 12.8 per 1000 population in 2050, almost two-and-one-half times the 5.4 per 1000 of 1975. Outpatient visits to doctors and visits to dentists are largely unaffected by age structure. PMID- 7266114 TI - The Manitoba longitudinal study on aging: preliminary findings on health care utilization by the elderly. AB - This research links survey data from a large probability sample of the elderly population of one Canadian province with provincial insurance data documenting all their health care use during the years before and after the interview. The data show that "the elderly" are not high users of the health care system. Instead, a small proportion of those age 65 and older account for a disproportionately of high health-care use and discusses the implications of its findings for health care policy, practice, and research. PMID- 7266115 TI - A comparison of patient drug regimens as viewed by the physician, pharmacist and patient. AB - This study sought to determine the completeness and congruence of records for drugs ordered and received by outpatients. The setting was a large outpatient medical facility that was part of a large multispecialty hospital. It was found that a listing of current drugs orders (prepared by physicians) and a listing of current prescription drugs consumed (prepared from pharmacy drug profiles) each agreed 73 per cent of the time with a list of 107 prescription drugs actually consumed by 26 study patients. Lists were compared based on drug name, strength and directions for use. Further, the physician and pharmacy lists correlated with one another 70 per cent of the time, indicating a substantial degree of inconsistent as well as incomplete drug records within the same setting. In another comparison involving medical chart drug notations and pharmacy drug profiles, a complete match or drug name, strength and directions for use occurred in 39 per cent of the cases, while a match on drug name only occurred 64 per cent of the time. The highest degree of congruence occurred between hospital discharge medication notes and outpatient drug profile records. Based on the results of this study, the common assumption that drug records in such settings are congruent and complete appears unwarranted. PMID- 7266116 TI - The impact of a brief psychological intervention on medical care utilization in an Army health care setting. AB - A medically referred treatment group (N = 17) exposed to a brief directive psychological intervention and a comparison group (N = 17) matched on age, sex, marital status, general medical symptomatology and initial frequency of outpatient visits over a 6-month period were compared as to the frequency of their outpatient visits in the 6-months following the presence or absence of the intervention in a small overseas military health care setting. Adequate controls of out-of-plan utilization as well as for the effect of a medical referred visit were achieved. Results indicated that a significant reduction in medical utilization occurred only for the treatment group. This effect was not replaced with the mere number of psychological treatment sessions. Discussion of the treatment effect centered around the relative symptom specificity of the groups and the possibly limited treatment alternatives available. Results seemed to warrant further investigations in uniformed services health care facilities. PMID- 7266117 TI - Utilization of medical services after short-term psychiatric therapy in a prepaid health plan setting. AB - Utilization of medical services in Group Health Association of Washington, D.C., was analyzed for patients referred in 1970 for short-term psychiatric therapy under benefits but who had no therapy or referral for at least the 12 preceding months. A matched comparison group and family members were also studied. Medical visits were analyzed in three time periods: the 12 months preceding referral, the next 4 months when therapy was likely to be received, and a final 12 months. Compared with controls, the Index Cases did not show a significant reduction of "offset" in utilization of outpatient medical services after referral, but they did decreases days of medical hospitalization significantly. When Index Cases were divided into low and high users of psychiatric therapy, the former showed a decline, the latter an increase in medical visits, and the difference between them was significant. The before-after change in utilization among other family members was similar to that for index and control subjects. The findings suggest the need to identify the types of patient and the clinical settings which are most likely to maximize the offset effect of brief psychotherapy. Medical care programs should be tailored to meet the different psychotherapy. Medical care programs should be tailored to meet the different psychiatric needs of these and other patients in an effective and efficient manner. PMID- 7266118 TI - Structural and social psychological factors in the decision to seek medical care for symptoms. AB - Panel data are presented from the Los Angeles Health Survey, in which 1 year of symptom experience is analyzed. Of the 1,210 individuals originally in the panel, 769 reported at least one symptom in reinterviews conducted every 6 weeks during the study year. The dependent variable in the analysis is whether or not the individual decided to seek medical attention for his symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to organize the independent variables into five groups: 1) need; 2) social structure; 3) organization of care; 4) general social network patterns and health orientations; and 5) social network influences and personal beliefs specific to the symptoms. Of the 57 per cent of the variance explained by the entire set of independent variables, need factors accounted for 12 per cent and network influences and personal beliefs specific to the symptom accounted for 42 per cent. In spite of the amount of variance explained in this analysis, the allocation of the explained variance among the predictor variables raises some disturbing questions regarding our ability to understand the decision to use health services. PMID- 7266119 TI - On the perceived meaning of symptoms. AB - The importance of understanding the manner in which symptoms are interpreted is generally recognized, but has received relatively little direct research attention. In an attempt to obtain some evidence on the meaning attached to each of a set of 45 symptoms, subjects were asked to rate the symptoms on eight semantic properties. The symptom ratings on the various properties were then correlated and the correlation matrix subjected to a principal components factor analysis. Three factors of perceived meaning emerged. The first factor is defined by the extent to which symptoms are perceived as threatening, disruptive and painful. The second factor consists of the familiarity of symptoms and the perceived personal responsibility for their occurrence. The third factor reflects how embarrassing the symptoms are. This structure of perceived meaning of symptoms is discussed with reference to the literature on delay in seeking medical care. PMID- 7266120 TI - Disclosure of information to patients in medical care. AB - It is generally agreed that patients have a right to be adequately informed. However, little is known about the extent to which doctors and patients agree about information that should be disclosed. We studied what patients want to know, as contrasted with what physicians report actually disclosing, in a population of physicians who treat seizures and patients or parents of patients who have this disorder. In general, it was found that patients or parents of patients who have this disorder. In general, it was found that patients prefer far more detailed disclosures than physicians routinely offer and that the two groups have widely different beliefs about the consequences of detailed disclosures. Patients and parents preferred extensive disclosures, particularly regarding risks and alternative therapy. Physicians were likely to disclose only risks with a relatively high probability of occurrence and they provided little information about alternative therapies. Patients and parents were also much more likely than physicians to believe that the final decision concerning therapy should rest with the patient. The data suggest that a better empirical understanding of the consequences of detailed disclosures may help resolve differences of opinion regarding how much information should be provided to patients. PMID- 7266121 TI - The usefulness of patients' individual characteristics in predicting no-shows in outpatient clinics. AB - Patients' characteristics and no-show patterns are analyzed in order to determine the number of patients to schedule in outpatient clinics. This predictive model is evaluated on a second sample of data and compared with another scheduling technique that is based on the average no-show rate for each clinic. Our survey suggests that it is possible to predict accurately the number of no-shows with a small set of variables, and that patient scheduling can be improved by paying attention to the characteristics of individual patients. The most important single predictor is the patient's previous appointment-keeping pattern. PMID- 7266122 TI - Fee-for-service versus prepaid group practice and longitudinal effects in utilization. PMID- 7266123 TI - Factors influencing disenrollment from an HMO. PMID- 7266124 TI - Underprovision of elective surgery in a prepaid group practice: a difference of interpretation. PMID- 7266125 TI - A comment on "domain of practice and the quality of physician performance". PMID- 7266126 TI - [Pathology and surgery of esophageal reflux]. PMID- 7266127 TI - [Management of massive pulmonary embolism. The role of embolectomy and partial interruption of the inferior vena cava]. PMID- 7266128 TI - [Surgical management of diverticulosis]. PMID- 7266129 TI - [Evolution of concepts in the management of common bile duct lithiasis]. PMID- 7266130 TI - [The surgeon faced with an accidental fresh cut of the common bile duct. Practical suggestions]. PMID- 7266132 TI - [Toward conservative surgery of the spleen. Anatomo-clinical basis]. PMID- 7266131 TI - Surgery of the spleen. PMID- 7266133 TI - [Intestinal ischemia. Approach to therapy]. PMID- 7266134 TI - [Regional pathology and surgery of the pancreas]. PMID- 7266135 TI - [The place of curative radiotherapy in the management of adenocarcinomas of the rectum and malpighian carcinomas of the anal canal]. PMID- 7266136 TI - [Minimum blood loss latero-lateral portacaval anastomosis in hemorrhagic cirrhosis. Importance of preserving the portal flow under manometric controls]. PMID- 7266137 TI - Continent ileostomy. A report of 314 patients. PMID- 7266138 TI - [Value of fludarene in certain forms of hemorrhagic anal inflammations]. PMID- 7266139 TI - [Biliary periodicity. The value of ursolvan 200 mg]. PMID- 7266140 TI - [Is ambulatory care as good as and cheaper than hospital care?]. PMID- 7266141 TI - [The old-time family physician and today's?]. PMID- 7266142 TI - [The utilization of health care services in Uleaborg and Lappland counties by Finnish immigrants in Sweden]. PMID- 7266143 TI - [Psychological and family dynamic aspects of bronchial asthma in children]. PMID- 7266144 TI - [Psychiatry in Vasterbotten: Deinstitutionalization and sectorization- a comparison with the psychiatric reform in Italy]. PMID- 7266145 TI - [Tuberculous infection after hip replacement]. PMID- 7266146 TI - [Minoxidil and hypertrichosis]. PMID- 7266148 TI - [Surgical vagotomy should as a rule be preferred to cimetidine in the treatment of recurrent duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7266147 TI - [Polymyalgia arteritica - a sign of associated malignant disease?]. PMID- 7266149 TI - [Leukocyte count in acute appendicitis - problems of interpreting laboratory data]. PMID- 7266150 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of vasculogenic impotence]. PMID- 7266151 TI - [A new mode of presentation for ST changes in the effort ECG]. PMID- 7266152 TI - [Migraine and warfarin sodium]. PMID- 7266153 TI - [Information and vaccination after splenectomy--follow-up of deaths due to pneumococcal septicemia]. PMID- 7266155 TI - [Sex problems and somatic diseases]. PMID- 7266154 TI - [The Langerhans cells of the skin--the advanced outpost of our immune defense]. PMID- 7266156 TI - [Liver damage caused by solvents - or by iron or hyperlipoproteinemia?]. PMID- 7266157 TI - [Study of children in traffic accidents: raise the age for moped driving, driver's license for mopeds!]. PMID- 7266158 TI - [Craniofacial surgery in Goteborg]. PMID- 7266160 TI - [Nystagmus guide. A system for differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7266159 TI - [The danger of snake bite: thrombosis and death a month later]. PMID- 7266161 TI - [Water intoxication associated with transurethral electroresection]. PMID- 7266162 TI - [Impossibility of preventing brain damage in boxing. Prohibit head blows, tighten physician control. A scandinavian Expert Committee]. PMID- 7266163 TI - [Viral hepatitis among children as a growing problem?]. PMID- 7266164 TI - [Symposium: alcohol]. PMID- 7266165 TI - [Cimetidine--mostly positive experiences after 5 years]. PMID- 7266166 TI - [Psychomotor status epilepticus]. PMID- 7266167 TI - [The activity in a geriatric department in Gothenburg]. PMID- 7266168 TI - [Bran and bulk preparations in the treatment of constipation in geriatric patients]. PMID- 7266169 TI - [To be an alcoholic]. PMID- 7266171 TI - [Prolactinoma and pregnancy]. PMID- 7266170 TI - [Inherited mental retardation in the male caused by a structural X chromosomal defect]. PMID- 7266172 TI - [Trends in the incidence and stage distribution of cervical cancer in the Stockholm area]. PMID- 7266174 TI - [Ambulatory treatment in Lund. Psychiatry in the field for 50 years]. PMID- 7266173 TI - [Drug consumption in 70- and 75-year-olds: longitudinal data and age group comparisons from a population study]. PMID- 7266176 TI - [Child psychiatric team in a pediatric ward--a field of cooperation of great concern]. PMID- 7266175 TI - [Sarcoidosis of the CNS can easily be mistaken for a brain tumor]. PMID- 7266177 TI - [Continent ileostomy as an alternative to conventional ileostomy]. PMID- 7266178 TI - [Therapeutic embolization]. PMID- 7266179 TI - [Generalized Hodgkin's disease. Experiences in diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7266180 TI - [Patients with shoulder joint symptoms - a medical care analysis]. PMID- 7266181 TI - [Smoking habits among women illustrated by a study in Ostergotland]. PMID- 7266182 TI - [Cystic fibrosis: the research near a break-through? Possibilities of better diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7266184 TI - [Tropical medicine problems in Thailand]. PMID- 7266183 TI - [Cystic fibrosis - 11 family interviews]. PMID- 7266185 TI - [Small wounds and poor friends you shouldn't dismiss, or: spinal epidural abscess as a complication of a wasp sting]. PMID- 7266186 TI - [Clinical aspects of the radiological examination of the shoulder joint]. PMID- 7266187 TI - [Heroin dependence during pregnancy - risks, clinical picture and suggestions for therapy]. PMID- 7266189 TI - The written language of young English deaf children. PMID- 7266188 TI - Cloze procedure and written language in schizophrenia. PMID- 7266190 TI - Stimulus dominance in dichotic listening. PMID- 7266191 TI - The function of the epiglottis in speech. PMID- 7266193 TI - [Can musical feeling be measured? (author's transl)]. AB - The sensation of music as a pure mental reaction is not to be maintained. Some decades ago the research work of music has been concentrated in the different branches of science. Already, the results are astonishing. Since two years, on the psychophysiological department of the "Psychological Institute of the Scientific Faculty" of the "University of Salzburg" investigations are continued to find a possible connection between the sensation of music and the laterality of the bioelectric activity of the brain. We pointed out the following results: there are great differences in the amplitudes and frequencies (in the fronto temporale lobes) of the evoked responses between musicians and nonmusicians. While musicians show higher amplitudes and lower frequencies in the evoked potentials, nonmusicians show lower amplitudes and higher frequencies. Another astonishing cognition is that the musicians who have been requested to structure the music without any emotion show lower amplitudes like the nonmusicians, but no increase in the frequency like them. Thus we can say that musicality, that means the different impressions of music shows an effect in the evoked responses. PMID- 7266192 TI - [Damages in the field of ENT caused by ecocatastrophes (author's transl)]. AB - It will be pointed out that the physical accident - compared with the chemical accident - caused by ecocatastrophes in our industrial society, due to the progress in physics and chemistry, plays a minor role concerning a possible damage in the field of ENT. However the chemical accident is dangerous for the inner ear and especially for the infant inner ear, because 1. the lack of oxygen in the blood can cause lasting hearing defects particularly of the babies and infants and 2. all ferrihaemoglobin producers damage the inner ear of babies and infants on account of their undeveloped reducing substances for ferrihaemoglobin. After having tried to point out that, especially in the utilization of synthetic material and in the colourproduction during synthesis very much basic substances are used, which, when vaporized can lead to a ferrihaemoglobin production, it is possible that many cases of infant hearing-loss, up to now not explainable, are caused by such substances. PMID- 7266194 TI - [Bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis and follow up care of malignant head and neck neoplasms]. AB - In diagnosis and localisation of malignant tumors with destruction of the bone, scintigraphy has its special importance in diagnosis as an addition to X-ray tomography. When carcinoma are localized in the middle or dorsal part of the base of the skull scintigraphy may help to calculate the chance for an operation. The exact knowledge of the dimension of the tumor is a valuable help in radiotherapy. In primary diagnosis of destructions of the base of the skull scintigraphy might give an earlier information than X-ray. Malignant tumors of the ear however are sufficiently detected by means of X-rays alone. The main field of scintigraphy is the observation of irradiated and operated malignoma. We recommend 6 or 12 months controls in combination with a clinical observation and with tomographic controls. Scintigraphy became a most valuable tool in the search and diagnosis of metastases in primary malignoma of the mammae, the lungs or the kidneys. In case of metastases in the skull scintigraphy is most helpful to detect them often earlier than by means of X-rays. PMID- 7266195 TI - [Evidence of malignant lymph node changes in the neck using scintigraphy]. AB - Lymph-scintigraphic and tumour scintigraphic examinations were carried out on 46 patients with predominantly malignant new growth in the E. N. T. area. The lymph scintigraphy was carried out with 198Au colloid the tumour scintigraphy with 67Ga citrate. Both procedures were used single as well as combined in dependence on the aim.--The lymph scintigraphy gives a statement about the function and the state of the cervical lymph systems under physiologic and pathologic conditions as well as after operation (neck dissection) and radiotherapy. It supports the diagnosis of localisation and gives information about the severeness of surgical treatment of the lymphatic (node) system.--The suitability of 67Ga citrate is confirmed for the positive tumour scintigraphy. It is shown that malignant lymphomas have a greater concentration of the radio nuclide than carcinomas and their metastases. A minimum size of 1.5 cm in diameter ist necessary for a reliable representation. The tumour scintigraphy is valuable within differential diagnosis of treatment of initially unclear histology and of diffusible diagnosis of malignant processes. It contributes to a secure stage division and thus permits a better therapy planning. It supports the control of therapy because of an early recognition of the remaining parts of tumours and recurrence of tumours. -Lymph scintigraphy and tumour scintigraphy are an enlargement of the diagnostic possibilities of tumours in the head and throat area, whereby its combined application is advantageous especially for the exact diagnosis of localisation. PMID- 7266196 TI - [Organ culture as a model for human pituitary tumour research (author's transl)]. AB - The organ culture technique based on material obtained from individual human pituitary tumours represents a model for the preservation of tissue in organotypic differentiation in which the tissue can be studied in the absence of vascular, hypothalamic and other neurogenic influences. In the organ culture system, four criteria are fulfilled: (1) preserved morphology at the light and electron microscopic levels, (2) preserved synthesis/secretion of those hormones as found in vivo (3) the same reactivity in vitro to physiological stimulators/inhibitors (TRH, LH-RH and dopamine) as in vivo (4) preservation of the same cell phase in the cell cycle and the same DNA content in cells in vitro as in vivo. PMID- 7266197 TI - [Prolactin producing adenomas of the pituitary gland with primary localization in the sinus sphenoidalis (author's transl)]. AB - The radio-immuno-assay of the pituitary hormone prolactin represents the basis for a functional differentiation of the so-called chromophobic adenomas. Two thirds of these tumors produce this hormone. For a long period of growth these adenomas are localized in the middle of the sella turcica. Their first direction of growth is towards the sinus sphenoidalis. At the ENT-clinic of the Cologne University two prolactin producing adenomas have been detected as the cause of suspected changes of the sinus sphenoidalis. The need for an endocrinological diagnosis in cases of unknown processes of the sinus sphenoidalis, the indication for surgery, and the medicamental treatment of these tumors with 2-Br-alpha Ergocriptine (Parlodel) is discussed. PMID- 7266198 TI - [The "transposition-rotation flap" in the one stage reconstruction of auricle defects (author's transl)]. AB - To close full thickness auricle defects (Fig. 1 a) we use a hairbearing rotation flap to transport the non-hairbearing transposition flaps in the right, retroauricular position (Fig. 1 b). The scars are lying in the hair and in the RSTL of the neck. If the helix is not resected (Fig. 6 a), we have to remove epithelium to fix the folded transposition flap in the defect (Fig. 6 c). In the same way we use this flap to close large defects in the retro- and postauricular region and to reconstruct auricle deformities. PMID- 7266201 TI - [Extracranial olfactory neuroblastoma (author's transl)]. AB - It is reported of an 59-year-old woman with an extracranial olfactory neuroblastoma (aesthesioneuroblastoma). Clinical symptoms were unilateral obstructed nasal respiration, bleeding and dysosmia. Important but difficult is the histological diagnosis. The best therapy is radical surgery; the origin of the tumor, the fila olfactoria and lamina cribrosa, have to be resected widely. A "superradical" intervention of the non-involved regio olfactoria of the opposite side is not necessary. Questions of radiation and prognosis are discussed. PMID- 7266200 TI - [Squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal cord subsequent to monocorditis vasomotorica (author's transl)]. AB - In a patient with monocorditis vasomotorica, squamous cell carcinoma developed in the subepithelial layer during clinical follow up over a period of one year. This observation suggests that monocorditis vasomotorica may be a facultative precancerous lesion. Failure to improve spontaneously within a few weeks period should lead to biopsy. Close follow-up studies using laryngoscopy and laryngeal microstroboscopy should be performed at three month intervals until complete remission can be observed. PMID- 7266199 TI - [Carcinomas of the Nasopharynx. Clinical aspects--treatment results- therapeutical improvements (author's transl)]. AB - In the years from 1968-1977 to 44 out of 63 patients with carcinomas of the nasopharynx and to 15 out of 19 patients with malignant lymphomas of the nasopharynx curative radiation therapy was applied. The survival-rates for all carcinomas amount to 63,2% after 3 years, and to 46,5% after 5 years. Half of the patients live up to only 9% of their mean, age- and sex-dependent life expectancy. The prognosis differs with the histological type. Patients with transitional-cell-carcinomas had the smallest chance of survival; half of them did not survive. 0.08% of their age-dependent life expectancy. Skeletal infiltration and metastases of the cervical lymph nodes have a bad influence on the therapeutic results. Local recurrences developed in 20% of the patients. Using the examples of 3 patients, who don't belong to the analyzed collective, we shall discuss and optimize the radiotherapeutic management. As a result it is found out, that the megavoltage irradiation therapy (42 MeV X-rays) makes a better dose distribution in tumour-volume than cobalt 60 rays. PMID- 7266202 TI - [A rare complication: disorder of taste-function after tonsillectomy (author's transl)]. AB - This report presents a rare complication after tonsillectomy--a postoperative noticed impairment of the sense of taste. Due to its course in the parapharyngeal space the glossopharyngeal nerve can be damaged during the operation. PMID- 7266203 TI - The facial nerve in congenital middle ear malformations. AB - The two most common anomalies of the facial nerve encountered in patients with a congenital malformation of the middle ear are displacement of the nerve and lack of a bony cover, two conditions that place the nerve at risk of being injured by the unwary surgeon. Malformations of the stapes are often found in association with facial nerve anomalies and may range from underdevelopment to complete absence. A congenital absence of the oval window is not uncommon. The position of the facial nerve in relation to the location and maturation of the ossicles will determine the method of ossicular chain repair. Creation of a new oval window by drilling may require the surgeon to purposely displace the facial nerve to ensure a more direct alignment of the prosthesis with the vestibule. Any part of the incus or malleus may be contoured by drilling to accommodate the loop end of the wire-piston prosthesis. An aberrant course of the facial nerve was found in 13/54 (24%) ears having a congenital malformation of the middle ear. All 54 ears had a patent external ear canal and an identifiable tympanic membrane. Patients with atresia or stenosis of the external ear canal were specifically excluded from this study. PMID- 7266204 TI - Rare complications following ethmoidectomies: a report of eleven cases. AB - Intranasal ethmoidectomy is one of the most difficult operations to teach residents. An accurate knowledge of the regional topographic anatomy is of utmost importance. Friedman and Kerr reported complications of 1000 cases of consecutive intranasal ethmoidectomies performed at the Mayo Clinic from 1957 to 1972. The complication rate was 2.8%. Meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, loss of olfaction, and nasolacrimal duct obstruction were reported. No blindness, loss of occular motility, excision of brain tissue or intracranial vessel damage occurred in their series. We are reporting a series of 8 cases of very rare complications following intranasal ethmoidectomies: 1. Optic nerve damage resulting in total blindness (3 cases). 2. Loss of occular motility (2 cases). 3. Cerebrospinal fluid leak resulting in 8 episodes of pseudomonas meningitis and epidural abscess (1 case). 4. Cavernous sinus--internal carotid artery fistula (1 case). 5. Anterior cranial fossa brain damage resulting in death (1 case). These cases, which were either referred to us or came up for our review, are described in detail. A search of the world literature demonstrates a lack of emphasis on such complications. The pitfalls of intranasal ethmoidectomy are considered and ways to avoid such dreadful complications are discussed. PMID- 7266205 TI - Failures in surgery for stapedial otosclerosis. AB - The causes for failure in surgery for stapedial otosclerosis are many. Most of these occur in the early postoperative period. Failures occurring later are due to either a breakdown of the reconstructed transformer system or to a labyrinthitis due to failure of the vestibular seal. The role of cochlear otospongiosis in producing late failures has not been sufficiently emphasized. This clinical review of 105 surgical failures examined consecutively during the years of 1975 through 1979 will demonstrate the importance of cochlear otospongiosis in this consideration. The fate of the unoperated-on ear in unilateral surgical failures will be demonstrated. Control of the progressive sensorineural hearing loss in these instances can be gained by the use of sodium fluoride therapy. PMID- 7266206 TI - Mycobacterium cervical lymphadenopathy: 1981 update. AB - Scrofula or tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy is a well known disease dating back thousands of years. In spite of antituberculous chemotherapy and public health measures, scrofula persists and is seen not infrequently among the recent immigrants to the United States from Southeast Asia and Mexico. Cervical lymphadenopathy may arise from infections with mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These infections may resemble one another, but it is important to make a distinction between them, for their clinical courses and treatments are different. A tuberculous infection usually responds very well to antituberculous chemotherapy, but a nontuberculous mycobacterial one may require surgical intervention for resolution of the problem. We would like to reawaken an awareness of this distinction and hope this paper will aid the reader in understanding the diagnosis and treatment of scrofula and nontuberculous mycobacterial cervical lymphadenopathy. The subject is reviewed, and illustrative cases are presented. PMID- 7266207 TI - Management of canal stenosis with a transposition flap. AB - Stenosis of the external auditory canal is difficult to manage. Numerous surgical procedures have been advocated for its correction and all function to varying degrees, but repeat stenosis remains a problem. Our experience, with the use of a superiorly based preauricular transposition flap in combination with an endaural and postauricular approach in 5 patients, 8 ears, is presented. In 3 patients, 5 ears, the stenosis was congenital; in 1 patient, 1 ear, traumatic; and in 1 patient, 2 ears, secondary to chronic external otitis. With a follow-up of 1 to 9 years, the functional and cosmetic results have been satisfactory in all cases. PMID- 7266208 TI - Symposium on low frequency harmonic acceleration, the rotary chair. SHA as a modality for monitoring patient progress. PMID- 7266209 TI - The positive pressure of cholesterol granuloma idiopathic blue eardrum. differential diagnosis. AB - The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate the positive middle ear pressure in cholesterol granuloma, the so-called idiopathic blue drum or chocolate ear. Because of this positive middle ear pressure the patients with idiopathic blue eardrum do not tend to develop the retraction pockets or subsequent cholesteatoma and therefore this is rarely a destructive disease. Since the symptoms are minimal and there is no destruction, probably the best treatment of the idiopathic blue eardrum is no treatment at all. In cholesterol granuloma, chronic secretory otitis media, and chronic serous mastoiditis the results of surgery are dubious because the entire air cell system of the temporal bone, including the petrous apex, cannot be completely exenterated and therefore these cells continue to secrete and exert the positive pressure. Dubious surgical results in patients with positive pressure of cholesterol granuloma are illustrated by cases with open cavities and incomplete mastoid surgery, intact canal wall techniques with complete surgery and ablation, extensive radical mastoid surgery with closure of the canal and retention blue domed cysts forming in the cavities of modified radical, and fenestrations of the horizontal semicircular canal. PMID- 7266210 TI - Small fenestra stapedectomy. A preliminary report. AB - The small fenestra stapedectomy is based on a rationale of creating a more effective acoustical mechanical transmission system, while reducing potential labyrinthine disturbance. Surgical technique for the small fenestra stapedectomy is described, including the creation of the fenestra and the use of McGee stainless steel piston prosthesis with loose areolar tissue around the piston. Postoperative results are compared in a series of 100 cases, 50 having the small fenestra technique, SFT, and 50 having partial or total footplate removal procedure. Vestibular results demonstrate a noticeable reduction in postoperative complaints of balance disorders in the SFT patients. Hearing results, when compared between the two groups, show a statistically significant advantage for the SFT patients in postoperative high frequency threshold sensitivity and speech discrimination scores. Technical difficulties in creating the fenestra without fracturing the entire footplate are discussed and suggestions made for their avoidance. The advantages of lowered risk, based on reduced trauma to and contamination of the labyrinth, as well as improved high frequency hearing sensitivity and speech discrimination, support the use of this procedure and call for further investigation and development of its clinical potential. PMID- 7266211 TI - Facial neurilemmomas. PMID- 7266212 TI - Congenital cricoid stenosis. AB - A case of congenital cricoid stenosis in a 9-year-old girl was reported. The stenosis was confirmed by direct laryngoscopy and laryngotracheograms performed through the tracheostoma. The excess cartilaginous tissue was removed under a midline incision of the cricoid cartilage (cricoidplasty). Seventeen cases of cricoid stenosis reported since 1960 were studied and the clinical entity was discussed. On the basis of the embryology of the larynx, the mechanism of origin of this malformation was also discussed. Although cricoid stenosis was a fatal malformation before 1968, it is now a curable disease using an emergency tracheostomy and a cricoidplasty. PMID- 7266213 TI - Nasopharyngeal hemangioma causing airway obstruction in infancy. PMID- 7266214 TI - Craniometaphyseal dysplasia: the first successful surgical treatment for associated hearing loss. PMID- 7266216 TI - "How I do it" - otology and neeurotology. A specific issue and its solution. Tympanoplasty. PMID- 7266215 TI - Liposarcoma of the neck. Report of a case. AB - A case of lipoblastic liposarcoma of the neck is presented. The case is that of a 5-year-old female who underwent a modified neck dissection with a good result. A review of the literature reveals that this is an extremely rare tumor of the neck. It is usually found in the lower extremities, predominantly in adult males. Surgery is the treatment of choice. Lipoblastic liposarcoma is an extremely rare tumor when it occurs in the pediatric neck. Hudson and Saunders in their studies have shown that only 3 patients with this tumor have been reported since 1944. When a 5-year-old female presented with this primary neck mass, questions of diagnosis and treatment were raised. The following case report and discussion will demonstrate the diagnostic methods as well as the course of therapy followed in this type of lesion. PMID- 7266217 TI - "How I do it" - plastic surgery. Practical suggestions on facial plastic surgery. A new device for nasal fixation of the Foley catheter. PMID- 7266218 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. PMID- 7266219 TI - [Reference blood pressure values in school children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266220 TI - [Determination of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activities in children with arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266221 TI - [Are we taking adequate care of hypertension in a hospital setting? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266222 TI - [Histocompatibility (HLA) antigens in gluten enteropathy in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266224 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage combined with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography using the Okuda needle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266223 TI - [Correlation between serum digoxin concentration and the electrocardiogram and clinical condition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266226 TI - [Central nervous system and immunity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266225 TI - [Bacteremia, sepsis and septic meningitis in patients hospitalized in the Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Zagreb during 1978 and 1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266227 TI - [The time of allergology and clinical immunology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266228 TI - [The presence of HBsAg in our haemodialysis unit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266229 TI - [Cancer in a pulmonary "sequestrum" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266230 TI - [Quantitative angiodensitometry in patients with intracranial hemorrhage with special reference to aneurysms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266231 TI - [Anterior resection of the rectum for the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266232 TI - [Impressions from the 12th CINP Congress (Collegium Internationale Neuro Psychopharmacologicum) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266233 TI - [Echosonography of abdominal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266234 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266235 TI - [Cases of constriction of the posterior urethra operated on at our department over a period of ten years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266237 TI - [Evaluation of the exploitation of hospital beds in the wards of the civilian and military hospital in Sarajevo (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266236 TI - [The incidence of the cancer of cervix and corpus uteri in the Virovitica region from 1965 to 1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266238 TI - Purification of the prothoracicotropic hormone from the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. PMID- 7266239 TI - Dopamine independent rotational response to unilateral intranigral injection of serotonin. PMID- 7266240 TI - Improved cold tolerance in glucagon-treated rats. PMID- 7266241 TI - Differential stimulation of pancreatic-polypeptide and gastrin secretion by bombesin in man. PMID- 7266242 TI - Prevention of chloroform-induced ventricular tachycardia in mice as an index of antiarrhythmic activity. PMID- 7266243 TI - Adenosine metabolism in dog whole blood: effects of dipyridamole. PMID- 7266244 TI - Contribution of chloride to the membrane input conductance of the ventricle: the effect of ouabain. PMID- 7266245 TI - The effect of exercise-training on sarcoplasmic reticulum function in fast and slow skeletal muscle. PMID- 7266246 TI - Decreased liver cytosol glucocorticoid receptors in protein-deficient rats. PMID- 7266247 TI - Spasmogenic effects of the anti-fertility agent, zoapatanol. PMID- 7266248 TI - Does high affinity [3H] imipramine binding label serotonin reuptake sites in brain and platelet? PMID- 7266249 TI - Time-dependent inhibition of sucrose sweetness with gymnemic acid: mode of action. PMID- 7266250 TI - Net efflux rate of norepinephrine from platelets in DOCA- and salt-treated rats. PMID- 7266251 TI - Differences in the methylation of brain histamine in vivo between audiogenic seizure-sensitive and -resistant deermice. PMID- 7266252 TI - A radioimmunoassay for epinephrine and norepinephrine in tissues and plasma. PMID- 7266253 TI - The effect of single and chronic administration of imipramine on clonidine induced hypothermia in the rat. PMID- 7266254 TI - Changes in blood osmolarity electrolytes, and metabolites among adult rats treated with a neurotoxic dose of MSG. PMID- 7266256 TI - A rapid non-destructive fluorometric assay for gangliosides. PMID- 7266255 TI - Demonstration of the antimyoclonic effect of 1-hydroxy-3-amino-pyrrolidone-2 (HA 966) using a new animal model. PMID- 7266257 TI - Tissue specific depletion of L-carnitine in rat heart and skeletal muscle by D carnitine. PMID- 7266258 TI - Age-related motor and catecholamine alterations in mice on levodopa supplemented diet. PMID- 7266259 TI - Gastric glutathione depletion and acute ulcerogenesis by diethylmaleate given subcutaneously to rats. PMID- 7266260 TI - Increased pressor reactivity in ventromedial hypothalamic lesion-induced obesity. PMID- 7266262 TI - Muscarinic cholinergic binding sites on intact human lymphocytes. PMID- 7266261 TI - Sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatographic method for methionine and leucine enkephalins. PMID- 7266263 TI - Biochemical effects of quipazine on rat striatal dopaminergic system. PMID- 7266264 TI - Rapid depletion and restoration of striatal met-enkephalin after ketamine. PMID- 7266265 TI - Long chain polyenoic acid levels in viably sorted, highly enriched mouse testis cells. AB - Twenty- and 22-carbon fatty acids of the linoleic (n-6) and linolenic (n-3) acid families were measured in murine spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes (early), pachytene primary spermatocytes (1 degree), round spermatids (RS), condensing spermatids (CS) and Leydig cells enriched by staput velocity sedimentation at 1 G, followed by viable microflow sorting on the basis of light scatter and DNA content. 22:5(n-6) increased progressively from 2 to 20% of total fatty acid in the progression of germinal cell differentiation, early leads to 1 degree leads to RS leads to CS, but decreased in mature sperm. The precursor 20:4(n-6) showed a roughly reciprocal relationship. 22:6(n-3) showed no significant correlation with cell type. 22:5(n-6) was found highest in triglycerides of later differentiation stages whereas 20:4(n-6) and 22:6(n-3) were found primarily in phospholipid in all cell fractions. PMID- 7266266 TI - Effect of candicidin on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in the rat. AB - Sterol metabolism studies were carried out in rats maintained on a diet containing a polyene antibiotic, candicidin, (30 mg/kg/day) for 2-1/2 months. Compared to the controls, the candicidin-treated animals had a smaller food intake and weight gain during this period. There was no difference between the 2 groups in serum cholesterol levels, biliary cholesterol or bile acid concentrations. However, in the experimental group, liver cholesterol content decreased by 27% and hepatic HMG-CoA reductase increased by 36%. Candicidin administration produced an 84% increase in neutral sterol output without change in bile acid output. Cholesterol absorption was reduced 80% by candicidin feeding. The weight of ventral prostate was reduced 33% by candicidin administration. Prostatic HMG-CoA reductase levels were 3 times higher than those of the liver, but enzyme activity was unchanged by candicidin treatment. PMID- 7266267 TI - Alteration of cholesterol metabolism by 4-O-methylascochlorin in rats. AB - The effect of 4-O-methylascochlorin (MAC), an experimental hypocholesterolemic agent, on cholesterol metabolism was investigated in rats in two separate experiments. The administration of MAC for 2 and 6 consecutive weeks at daily doses of 100-135 mg/kg resulted in reduction in serum cholesterol levels of 16% after 2 weeks of treatment in the first experiment, and 13% after 6 weeks in the second experiment in comparison to the corresponding controls. MAC administered at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg for 2 weeks showed a significant increase in the biliary excretion of bile acids and cholesterol in bile-duct cannulated rats with or without the administration of taurocholate. In the second experiment, MAC treatment for 6 weeks produced a marked increase in the fecal output of acidic sterols during a 2 to 6-week period. MAC treatment also further enhanced hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase in the rats. Therefore, it appears that the mechanism of serum cholesterol lowering due to MAC is related to the enhancement of hepatic bile acid synthesis and the increase in biliary and fecal excretion of bile acids. PMID- 7266268 TI - Effect of polyestradiol on lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase in male and female rats. AB - The effects of two doses of polyestradiol phosphate of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity and on liver and plasma cholesterol levels have been studied on female and male rats. Both treatments increased the hepatic content of esterified cholesterol, but the LCAT activity expressed as a percentage of cholesterol esterification was unaltered. The progress of esterification was not affected by the administration of the hormone. The LCAT activity in terms of the initial rate of esterification was decreased by the high dose of estradiol. This decrease was associated with a reduction of free plasma cholesterol level, as there is a significant positive correlation between these two parameters. The findings suggest that the increased esterified cholesterol in liver of estradiol treated rats ins not mediated by an alteration in the LCAT activity. PMID- 7266270 TI - Inhibition of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis by chloroquine. AB - Chloroquine is shown to be a potent inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis by isolated rat hepatocytes. Half-maximal inhibition of cholesterogenesis occurs at ca. 10 micro M chloroquine. Chloroquine does not affect fatty acid synthesis by isolated hepatocytes. This suggests that chloroquine acts on the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway beyond the cytosolic acetyl-coA branchpoint of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. PMID- 7266271 TI - A multi-disciplinary approach to diagnostic pathology. PMID- 7266269 TI - Zinc deficiency-induced changes in the composition of microsomal membranes and in the enzymatic regulation of glycerolipid synthesis. AB - The effects of zinc deficiency and/or castration on the lipid composition of microsomal membranes of liver, small intestine and testes were studied in rats. The result showed that feeding a zinc-deficient diet to castrated rats decreased phospholipid content and consequently increased the cholesterol-to phospholipid ratio in liver microsomes. An increase in cholesterol-to phospholipid ration occurred also in small intestine and testes microsomes from rats fed the zinc deficient diet. It is postulated, therefore, that zinc deficiency alters the lipid composition and fluidity of microsomal membranes. Zinc deficiency also affected tha activities of the enzymes involved in the formation of triglycerides and phospholipids. There was a large increase in total and specific activity of phosphatidate phosphatase and the changes in the total activity of choline phosphotransferase correlated well with the changes observed in serum or liver triglycerides and phospholipids. Stearoyl CoA desaturase, which is a control enzyme for hepatic lipogenesis, was also increased by more than 200% in zinc deficient states, as was the diglyceride content of hepatic microsomes. These results indicate that the increased synthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids in zinc deficiency may be due to the increased availability of substrates as well as to increased activities of the enzymes involved in these processes. PMID- 7266272 TI - Evaluation of commercially available low ionic strength salt (LISS) solutions. PMID- 7266273 TI - Reference preparations for calibration of platelet counting instruments. PMID- 7266274 TI - A new medium for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus, including thymine requiring strains, from sputum. PMID- 7266275 TI - An evaluation of the API-STREP identification system. PMID- 7266276 TI - Radiochemical estimation of serum polyamine oxidase activity in human pregnancy. PMID- 7266277 TI - Statistical evaluation of two routine precipitating assays for HDL-cholesterol quantitation. PMID- 7266279 TI - Evaluation of Amies transport medium for mid-term storage of Campylobacter sp. isolates from human faeces. PMID- 7266278 TI - Protein estimation in spinal fluid using Coomassie blue reagent. PMID- 7266280 TI - [Choice of optimal physical and technical conditions for irradiation in the radiotherapy of cancer of the middle 1/3 of the esophagus]. PMID- 7266282 TI - [Factors affecting the radiation reactions of chest cavity organs in gamma teletherapy of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 7266281 TI - [Planning higher medical education and teaching problems in roentgenology and radiology]. PMID- 7266283 TI - [Relation of radiotherapy effectiveness in cervical cancer to the tumor growth rate]. PMID- 7266284 TI - [Theoretical aspects of decreasing the radiation load in x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 7266285 TI - [Calibration of unit detectors for intravital determination of the 239Pu content in the human body]. PMID- 7266287 TI - [Dosimetric ruler for computing absorbed doses of electron irradiation]. PMID- 7266286 TI - [Comparison of sample gamma-irradiation units by using TLD dosimetric outfits]. PMID- 7266288 TI - [Hereditary changes in Ehrlich tumor cells after the action of x-rays and neutrons]. PMID- 7266289 TI - [Radiosensitivity assessment of Walker carcinosarcoma and its affinity line by clone formation in the lungs]. PMID- 7266290 TI - [Heterogeneity of the radiation reactions of clonogenic cells in tumors]. PMID- 7266291 TI - [Toxicity of the functional derivatives of polyhedral carboranes]. PMID- 7266292 TI - [Combined action of UHF hyperthermia and x-irradiation on Ehrlich ascites tumor]. PMID- 7266295 TI - Classification of radiographs of the pneumoconioses. PMID- 7266294 TI - Operative cholangiography. PMID- 7266293 TI - [Gamma topography and computerized tomography in liver tumors]. PMID- 7266296 TI - Incest and molestation: problems of childhood sexuality. PMID- 7266297 TI - Foreign body obstruction of the esophagus. PMID- 7266298 TI - Multiple sclerosis: diagnosable and treatable. PMID- 7266299 TI - Bigeminy . . . by golly! PMID- 7266300 TI - Mitral annulus calcification. PMID- 7266301 TI - The role of pharmacokinetics in prescribing cardiac drugs. PMID- 7266302 TI - Disfigurement: something to face up to. PMID- 7266303 TI - Glycohemoglobin levels: measuring up to diabetes. PMID- 7266304 TI - [Status and development trends in general hospital medical equipment]. PMID- 7266305 TI - [Development and manufacture of medical instruments]. PMID- 7266306 TI - [Medical goods made of polymeric materials]. PMID- 7266307 TI - [Current trends in the development of medical laboratory equipment (a review of the displays at the Public Health-80 Exhibition)]. PMID- 7266308 TI - [Apparatus for artificial pulmonary ventilation and inhalation anesthesia]. PMID- 7266309 TI - [Ultrasonic equipment: status and development trends]. PMID- 7266310 TI - [Apparatus for artificial and assisted circulation]. PMID- 7266311 TI - [Current foreign equipment for extrarenal blood purification]. PMID- 7266312 TI - [Current status and the main trends of the development of medical instrument making (the results of the Public Health-80 International Exhibition)]. PMID- 7266313 TI - [Foreign-made eyeglasses at the Public Health-80 International Exhibition]. PMID- 7266314 TI - [Ophthalmological equipments and devices at the Public Health-80 Exhibition]. PMID- 7266315 TI - [Use of coherent optical spatial filtration for improving the quality of x-ray images]. AB - The article deals with the problem of using the method of optical spatial filtration, applied at present in radiodiagnosis for solving a number of problems connected with image processing in order to reduce the influence of disturbances, to compensate the transfer functions, etc. The process of the formation of roentgen shadow projection is described by integral equations. In this way the possibility for correcting a posteriori the transfer characteristics of the processes of the formation and fixation of roentgenograms has been revealed, and the maximum dimensions of objects capable of being successfully processed by spatial filtration, as well as the necessary filtering functions of the correction filter, have been determined. The problem of measuring the transfer characteristics of radiodiagnostic systems is discussed, and the method of measuring the complex transfer function, suitable for the spatial variant system, is proposed. On the basis of a short review of publications on this problem, and taking into consideration the above analysis, the trends of using the methods of optical filtration are determined. The authors believe that these methods used within the determined trends may improve the quality of roentgen images and, in the end, the diagnostic value of roentgenograms. PMID- 7266316 TI - [Theoretical aspects of and technological equipment for hydromonitored microsurgery of the eye]. AB - A new method of removing the cataracta and vitreous body, called less than hydromonitor greater than is grounded theoretically. It is based on the use of destructive properties of superthin, high-speed liquid spray, affected pathological intraocular structures. Surgical tools and a hydro-drive system have already been developed for the accomplishment of hydromonitoring method. It was successfully tried in experiment and clinic and positive evaluations were given to both the method itself and the facilities for its realization. PMID- 7266317 TI - [Devices for functional diagnosis. Status and development trends]. PMID- 7266318 TI - [The psychological experience of divorce in the life of women]. PMID- 7266319 TI - [Notes for ethological studies in the field of psychiatry]. PMID- 7266320 TI - [The colostomy patient and the surgical department. Psychological aspects]. PMID- 7266321 TI - [Findings on attentive capacity using an new attention test]. PMID- 7266322 TI - [Urinary excretion of MHPG in endogenous depression. Clinico-therapeutic index]. PMID- 7266324 TI - [Experience with individual psychotherapy of young psychotic patients in the field of regional psychiatric services]. PMID- 7266323 TI - [Third-generation antidepressive agents. Experience with 100 cases of primary depression treated with viloxazine, nomifensine and mianserin]. PMID- 7266326 TI - [The ape in man]. PMID- 7266325 TI - [2 cases of transsexual schizophrenics]. PMID- 7266327 TI - [Early stomach carcinoma in endobrachyesophagus]. PMID- 7266328 TI - [Corticosteroids and corticoid-containing mixed injections in the treatment of pain in the skeletal apparatus]. PMID- 7266329 TI - [Attitudes towards visitors. Empirical studies in a psychotherapy department]. PMID- 7266330 TI - [Correlation between pulmonary capillary pressure and P-negativity in the V1 in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7266331 TI - [Perforated cecal diverticulum. Differential diagnosis of right-hand lower abdominal diseases]. PMID- 7266332 TI - [Results after internal urethrotomy in urethral strictures]. PMID- 7266333 TI - [Extreme specialization in surgery--deficient differentiation in radiology]. PMID- 7266335 TI - [Reliability of ergometric examinations in chronic arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 7266334 TI - [Treatment of hypothermia in a crew member after the sinking of a coastal motor ship]. PMID- 7266336 TI - [Respiratory disorder in ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 7266337 TI - [Ultrasonic examination in tumor diagnosis. Sonographic description of a leiomyoma of the stomach]. PMID- 7266338 TI - [Hypercalcemia syndrome and hypercalcemic crisis. Clinical aspects, differential diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7266339 TI - [Congenital Bruton type antibody deficiency syndrome. Infantile sex-linked hypogammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 7266340 TI - [The effect of static and dynamic forces on the knee joint]. PMID- 7266341 TI - [The use of central venous catheters in surgery]. PMID- 7266342 TI - [Performance, pulse and metabolism of health resort patients during walking and during ergometry training]. PMID- 7266343 TI - [High-moor or low-moor turfs for mud therapy? Examination of lower Saxony turfs for the evaluation of their suitability for mud therapy]. PMID- 7266344 TI - [Effect of hemoperfusion on the blood coagulation system]. PMID- 7266345 TI - [Munchhausen ante portas]. PMID- 7266347 TI - [Blood pressure behavior in emotional stress in normotensives with a family history of hypertension]. PMID- 7266346 TI - [Relationship between achievement and blood pressure behavior]. PMID- 7266348 TI - [Long-term course of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7266349 TI - [Puncture of the internal jugular vein as an access for extracorporeal circulation in hemodialysis, hemoperfusion and plasma separation]. PMID- 7266350 TI - [The significance of the size of the left atrium for the success of cardioversion in atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 7266351 TI - [Intracardiac P-potential measurement in atrial pacemaker implantation]. PMID- 7266352 TI - [Anti-arrhythmia effect of flecainide in acute myocardial infarct in comparison with lidocaine]. PMID- 7266353 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmias in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 7266354 TI - [Experiences with flunarizine in the treatment of otoneurologic symptoms]. PMID- 7266355 TI - [Pathology of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7266356 TI - Chronic Chagas disease in the mouse. I. Electrocardiographic and morphological patterns of the cardiopathy. PMID- 7266357 TI - [De novo balanced translocation in a child with mental retardation and malformations]. PMID- 7266359 TI - [Treatment of advanced breast cancer with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5 fluorouracil and prednisone (CMFP)]. PMID- 7266360 TI - [Infectious Peptostreptococcus endocarditis after heart catheterization]. PMID- 7266361 TI - [Disease of the small airways in the remission of status asthmaticus]. PMID- 7266358 TI - Ionic changes following denervation and reinnervation in mammalian skeletal muscle. PMID- 7266362 TI - [Burkitt's lymphoma and metabolic coma]. PMID- 7266363 TI - Calcium-47 kinetic measurements of bone turnover compared to bone histomorphometry in osteoporosis: the influence of human parathyroid fragment (hPTH 1-34) therapy. PMID- 7266364 TI - Postmenopausal osteoporosis: proposed roles of defective coupling and estrogen deficiency. PMID- 7266365 TI - Increased immunoreactive calcitonin in idiopathic hypercalciuria. AB - Serum immunoreactive calcitonin concentration (iCT) was determined in nine subjects with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH), prior to and during oral phosphate supplementation (500 mg qid) to test the hypothesis that a renal phosphate leak was the primary defect resulting in IH in these patients. Prior to the oral phosphate supplementation, serum iCT was significantly elevated in the IH group, when compared to 26 normal individuals (75 +/- 7 vs 45 +/- 4 pg/ml, mean +/- SE, P less than .001). During oral phosphate treatment, however, serum iCT decreased to levels not significantly different from normals (39 +/- 3 and 50 +/- 5 pg/ml after 4 and 8 weeks, respectively). When data prior to and during phosphate supplementation were pooled, there was a significant correlation (r = .70, N = 26, P less than .001) between serum iCT and serum calcium. These observations suggest that the increased serum iCT in these subjects was a response to slight elevations in serum calcium, which are the result of normal physiological mechanisms to correct the renal phosphate leak. PMID- 7266366 TI - Altered metabolic rhythm of rabbit osteoblasts by tetracycline. AB - To establish whether there are single or multiple pools of osteoblasts in rabbit bone, animals were injected with tetracycline on various schedules for 1-3 days. Metabolic restraints predicted that a multiple pool model would be feasible only if the percent labeled surfaces of trabecular bone (tibia) doubled when animals were injected on days 1 and 2, 1 and 3, or on days 1, 2, and 3. A single population would be indicated if the extent of labeled surfaces failed to double. Herein, 41.9 +2- 8.1% of bone surfaces labeled after a single injection, and only 60-68% of surfaces labeled after injections on the other schedules. The data inferred tht serial pulse tetracycline injections at 24h intervals caused a shift in the activities of a single population of osteoblasts and their progenitor cells. PMID- 7266367 TI - Alkaline phosphatase and calcification, correlated or not? AB - The effects of alkaline phosphatase inhibitors (levamisole, L-bromotetramisole) on the activity of the enzyme and on calcification in vitro were studied, to find out whether there is a relationship between alkaline phosphatase and calcification. Metatarsal bones of 15 1/4-day-old embryonic mice were dissected and cultured for 40 hours in the presence and absence of inhibitor. Levamisole and L-bromotetramisole fully inhibited calcification in vitro when present in concentrations which almost totally inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity, as measured biochemically or histochemically. However, incorporation of 3H-thymidine and 35S-sulphate was also inhibited. Furthermore, D-bromotetramisole, the dextroform of bromotetramisole which has no effect on alkaline phosphatase, inhibited calcification and 3H-thymidine and 35S-sulphate incorporation as well. The results of this study show that these inhibitors cannot be used to study the relationship between alkaline phosphatase and calcification. In addition, they suggest that although alkaline phosphatase may be important for the process of calcification, it is probably not a critical factor. PMID- 7266368 TI - Glucocorticoid-induced changes in the activity of cartilage alkaline phosphatase. AB - Glucocorticoid hormones are known to exert distinct inhibitory effects upon cartilage metabolism and endochondral bone growth. This study examined the influence of triamcinolone hexacetonide, a long-acting synthetic analogue off cortisol, on the activity of non-specific alkaline phosphatase i condylar cartilage of neonatal mice. Four-day-old mice received a single dose (10 mg/kg) of the hormone and the activity of beta-glycerophosphatase was assayed 3 and 6 days thereafter. Whereas no significant changes were noted in the enzyme's specific activity, distinct alterations were observed in the latter's distributional pattern. By 48 hours cells along both the proliferative and chondroblastic zones exhibited a significant enhancement of alkaline phosphatase activity. This increase in enzyme activity was most prominent along the cells' plasmalemma and within their adjacent matrix. Thus, glucocorticoid hormones possess a significant stimulatory effect upon alkaline phosphatase activity in very young cartilage cells which in turn might affect the mineralization process. PMID- 7266370 TI - The effects of hypothyroidism, age, and nutrition on LDL catabolism in the rat. PMID- 7266369 TI - Three adult cases resembling hereditary bone dysplasia. AB - Hereditary bone dysplasia with hyperphosphatasemia is a generalized disorder of bone formation which begins in infancy, uniformly involves the skull and long bones and results in progressive deformities and short stature. This entity has been described 27 times under various names, including juvenile Paget's disease, but only two case reports have described the condition in adults. In the present report two siblings and an unrelated individual are described with features resembling hereditary bone dysplasia. In all three the condition developed in infancy but was first recognized in middle age. Clinical and radiographic features of short stature, extensive thickening of the calvarium with areas of "cotton wool sclerosis", and bowed deformities of the long bones were present. The serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated in one case and normal in two. One patient demonstrated a marked clinical and biochemical response to a six month course of disodium etidronate after failing to respond to a trial of salmon calcitonin. There were significant differences between these three cases and classic hereditary bone dysplasia as described in infants and children. The patients themselves also had variable features. These observations suggest that either hereditary bone dysplasia is indeed variable, especially as afflicted children pass into adulthood, or different skeletal diseases are presently being included under the general term hereditary bone dysplasia with hyperphosphatasemia. PMID- 7266371 TI - A comparison of methods of assessment of body composition including neutron activation analysis of total body nitrogen. AB - Fourteen healthy men underwent determinations of total body nitrogen (TBN) by prompt gamma neutron activation analysis and total body potassium (TBK) by whole body counting to estimate the muscle and nonmuscle components of the fat-free body mass (FFBM) and their protein contents. Comparison of FFBM estimated from TBN and TBK (60.6 +/- 6.9 kg, mean +/- SD), densitometry (62.3 +/- 7.1 kg), TBK alone (62.2 +/- 8.0 kg) and TBW (63.9 +/- 7.8 kg) showed no differences among the techniques. Similarly, there were neither differences in fat mass nor percent body fat among the methods. Analysis of the chemical composition of FFBM of this group showed TBK/FFBM = 62.6 +/- 2.3 mEq/kg, TBW/FFBM = 74.6 +/- 0.2%, TBN/FFBM = 32.74 +/- 1.09 g/kg, protein/FFBM = 20.5+/- 0.7%. The calculated mineral content of the FFBM was 6.4%. These values are strikingly similar to the values calculated by direct chemical analysis. It was concluded that the combined TBN TBK method is a valid technique for estimating body composition in man. PMID- 7266372 TI - Relative contributions of parenchymal and non-parenchymal (sinusoidal) liver cells in the uptake of chylomicron remnants. AB - The relative contributions of parenchymal cells and non-parenchymal (sinusoidal) cells to the in vivo hepatic uptake of chylomicron remnants was measured 30 min after intravenous injection into rats. The chylomicron remnants were labeled with [3H]leucine, which was almost exclusively present in apolipoprotein B. The isolated non-parenchymal cells (a mixture of Kupffer cells and endothelial cells) contained 6.7 times more apolipoprotein B radioactivity per mg cell protein than the isolated parenchymal cells. It was calculated that the contributions of non parenchymal and parenchymal liver cells to the total hepatic uptake of chylomicron remnants are 35% and 65%, respectively. PMID- 7266374 TI - Endogenous hypertriglyceridemia: a splanchnic defect, hyperinsulinism, or both? PMID- 7266373 TI - Effect of corticosterone and its route of administration on muscle protein breakdown, measured in vivo by urinary excretion of N tau-methylhistidine in rats: response to different levels of dietary protein and energy. PMID- 7266375 TI - Physical training and adipose tissue fatty acid composition in men. AB - Four months physical training significantly raised the mean proportions (%) of lauric (+0.64), myristic (+0.52), stearic (+2.06) and linoleic (+1.69) acids and lowered the mean proportions of palmitic (-1.46) and oleic (-3.46) acids in adipose tissue of 20 apparently normal men aged 20-55 yr. These changes were dependent on pretraining proportions of the fatty acids. In addition, the decreases in palmitic acid and oleic acid proportions were positively correlated (rho = 0.905, P less than 0.01, tau = 0.758, P less than 0.01). The pattern of significant correlations among adipose tissue fatty acids was altered as a result of training. We suggest that preferential mobilisation of fatty acids from adipose tissue is responsible for the change in adipose tissue fatty acid composition with increased physical training. The significant increase in adipose tissue linoleic acid proportions may be linked with the reduced risk of coronary heart disease which has been previously associated with increased physical activity. PMID- 7266376 TI - Integrated regulation of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride and apolipoprotein-B kinetics in man: normolipemic subjects, familial hypertriglyceridemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia. AB - Turnover kinetics of triglycerides (TG) and apolipoprotein-B (apo-B) of plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and their relationship to plasma VLDL composition and VLDL apo-B conversion to low density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined in age and weight-matched groups of normolipemic (NL) healthy subjects, patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) and patients with familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG). In NL subjects, a significant correlation as observed between VLDL TG or VLDL apo-B turnover rate and its circulating mass, suggesting that the plasma level of VLDL was determined by the secretion rate of VLDL TG and apo-B. The positive significant correlation between VLDL TG and apo-B also suggests that the production of these moieties was integrated at the synthetic and/or secretory sites to maintain the ratio of TG to apo-B in plasma VLDL. In moderately obese NL subjects, proportionate increases in VLDL TG and apo B turnover rates resulted in enhanced secretion of VLDL particles. Both groups with genetic hypertriglyceridemia had increased VLDL TG and VLDL apo-B turnover rates. This increase accounted for the increase in circulating VLDL TG and apo-B mass. In patients with FCHL, turnover rates of VLDL TG and apo-B were equally increased, hence, the ratios between major VLDL constituents were within normal limits. On the other hand, the increase in VLDL TG turnover in patients with FHTG was disproportionately greater than that of apo-B resulting in a higher ratio of TG to other VLDL components. In NL subjects, approximately 72% of VLDL apo-B released into plasma was converted to LDL. This conversion correlated positively with VLDL apo-B turnover rate and inversely with VLDL TG turnover rate. Formation of LDL from VLDL was significantly greater in the obese individuals. In FCHL, conversion of VLDL to LDL represented the major pathway for VLDL apo-B catabolism. The increased VLDL apo-B load was predominantly catabolized to LDL. The greater increase in VLDL TG turnover relative to apo-B in FHTG, on the other hand, resulted in a smaller fraction of VLDL apo-B recovered in LDL, most of the VLDL apo-B being removed via a pathway that did not involve this conversion. We conclude that the composition and metabolic fate of plasma VLDL may be greatly influenced by the secretion rates of VLDL TG and apo-B. If VLDL conversion to LDL and the subsequent catabolism of the latter provides a major route for delivery of cholesterol ester to peripheral tissues, then the increased LDL production in FCHL compared to FHTG may account for a higher cardiovascular risk. PMID- 7266377 TI - The effects of dietary cholesterol upon the hypercholesterolemia of pregnancy. AB - The hypercholesterolemia which accompanies the normal human pregnancy is not known to be influenced by diet or other factors. The present experiment in fourteen pregnant women was designed to document this phenomenon under controlled metabolic conditions and to study the effect of dietary cholesterol upon this usual increase in serum cholesterol. The subjects included twelve normal subjects, one juvenile diabetic, and one type II familial hypercholesterolemic subject. They were fed controlled, nutritionally adequate diets which were equivalent except for the cholesterol content, which was cholesterol-free or 600 1000 mg from egg yolk daily. Calories were adjusted to permit weight gain of 1.4 kg per mo. The cholesterol-free diet lowered th mean serum cholesterol level in the 12 normal pregnant women from 234-187 mg/dl, a 20% decrease (-47 +/- 37 S.D.) (p less than 0.005). The addition of cholesterol to the diet invariably elevated the mean serum cholesterol concentrations to 223 mg/dl, a 19% increase (+36 +/- 12) (p less than 0.001). The mean serum triglyceride levels increased steadily throughout pregnancy regardless of diet, up to 198 +/- 43 (S.D.) mg/dl at term. Both serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations decreased strikingly 1 wk after parturition. These serum cholesterol and triglyceride responses occurred similarly in the familial hypercholesterolemic and the diabetic women. The increased serum cholesterol levels during the high cholesterol diets occurred largely in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction. Despite the inevitable alterations of cholesterol and lipoprotein homeostasis which occur in pregnancy, the results of this study indicated that the usual hypercholesterolemia of pregnancy in women eating the general American diet was greatly ameliorated by a very low cholesterol, nutritionally adequate diet. PMID- 7266378 TI - Effect of dichloroacetate on gluconeogenesis in vivo in the presence of a fixed gluconeogenic substrate supply to the liver. PMID- 7266379 TI - Combined deficiency of apolipoprotein C-II and lipoprotein lipase in familial hyperchylomicronemia. AB - The underlying pathophysiological defect was studied in four siblings with familial hyperchylomicronemia. Deficiency of apolipoprotein C-II and E-3 was identified. In addition, these subjects had markedly decreased LPL activity in postheparin plasma. Addition of normal plasma to the assay as source for apoC-II enhanced LPL activity only to a limited extent. In contrast with previously reported patients with apoC-II deficiency, a far less pronounced effect of intravenous infusion of normal plasma was seen in one of the siblings, probably due to the combined deficiency of apoC-II and LPL. Plasma VLDL-TG turnover rate was not decreased in one of the siblings with apoC-II and LPL deficiency, suggesting different metabolic pathways for chylomicrons and VLDL. Family study confirmed an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance both for apoC-II and for apoE-3 deficiency. The mode of inheritance for LPL deficiency could not be established exactly. PMID- 7266380 TI - Quantitative methods applied to stereo imaging. Hardware and methods. PMID- 7266381 TI - Quantitative methods applied to stereo imaging. Application to single specimens. PMID- 7266382 TI - Far too many physicians forget freedom's responsibilities. PMID- 7266383 TI - Michigan part of pilot study on physician suicides. PMID- 7266384 TI - Beware look-alike, sound-alike drugs! PMID- 7266385 TI - At MSU, research projects span college, disciplinary boundaries. PMID- 7266386 TI - WSU's faculty and administration dedicated to help solve citizens' cancer problems. PMID- 7266387 TI - Recent major breakthrough announced by U-M's growing clinical research faculty. PMID- 7266388 TI - Arthroscopic surgical center after one year: a consumer item, it draws much attention. PMID- 7266389 TI - Michigan Blues' plan: an HMO in every major city. PMID- 7266391 TI - Primary prevention with high risk infants: enhancing caregiver-infant interactions. PMID- 7266390 TI - Michigan Blues developing regional cost committees. PMID- 7266392 TI - Medicine in prospect--the first-year student's view. AB - A sample of first-year medical students from the University of New South Wales was interviewed to determine the students' reasons for studying Medicine, their career aspirations and their views, in prospect, of the medical course and medical practice. There were some differences, in general responses, between men and women. In general the interviews revealed that at this stage of their careers the students were motivated to a high degree by humanitarian concerns. Recent criticisms of the outcomes of medical education have featured concerns that graduating doctors do not demonstrate sufficient ability to relate to patients on a personal level or to take a holistic approach to care. Some medical educators and community spokesmen have attributed this to the selection system which, based solely on academic merit, chooses students with high academic ability and according to some critics, low social abilities and awareness. The results of this study indicate that such assumptions are false and that undesirable attitudes said to be present in graduating doctors do not appear to be present in the early stages of medical education. PMID- 7266393 TI - Introducing first-year students to medical school: experiences at the Faculty of Medicine of Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. AB - A system, in which more advanced students provide guidance to small groups of first-year students with respect to the educational programme, problems students may encounter in studying medicine and with respect to the living circumstances associated with going to medical school, and which has been operating for 14 years, is described. Each group consists of ten first-year students and two advanced students, called mentors, and meets about once every fortnight to discuss questions that come up among the first-year students. The mentors receive some professional training in the field of group psychology. This system has now operated for 14 years, and therefore may be regarded as evidence that it meets real needs of students entering medical school. PMID- 7266394 TI - A study of the University of Connecticut's criteria for admission into medical school. AB - Scores on nineteen pre-admission and post-admission performance variables for four classes of medical students were analysed using canonical correlation and regression methods. Detailed interviews with 138 clinical preceptors were included among the criterion variables. National Board Part I scores could be predicted readily from conventional data such as Medical College Admission Test scores and grade point average. However, these same predictors generally correlated negatively with measures of clinical performance. Evidence supports pre-admission interviews and careful analysis of letters of recommendation as useful predictors of the clinical performance variables. PMID- 7266395 TI - Integrating general practice tutors into an undergraduate programme. AB - Eighteen tutors appointed to the Department of General Practice at Dundee were visited. They provided information for a study to determine the degree of their involvement in the Department. A structured questionnaire standardized the interview and the results are described. The study showed a considerable level of success in integrating this group of practitioners into the teaching activities of the Department. Results also suggested that some educational objectives were not clearly defined, and surprisingly there appeared to be an underuse of this group of motivated teachers. PMID- 7266396 TI - Health in Khulais villages, Saudi Arabia. An educational project. AB - A field work project was conducted in Khulais villages by the Department of Community Medicine, Riyadh Faculty of Medicine, in February 1977. The project involved jointly Riyadh University and the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health, as well as other organizations. Over a 10-day period, twenty-five students of the fourth-year medical class under the supervision of seven members of the staff studied health problems and rendered selected health services to the community. Project activities included a study of a sample of 280 schoolchildren by clinical examination, anthropometric measurement and selected laboratory investigations; a house-to-house survey; a study of the epidemiology of schistosomiasis and malaria; immunization of pre-school children; a health education programme and an evaluation of the health centre's activities. The main objective was to give the students an appreciation of the need for team-work in approaching community health and help to cultivate their interest in community medicine as an applied discipline. PMID- 7266397 TI - Learning decision-making in clinical medicine: a card game dealing with acute emergencies for undergraduate use. AB - A card game concerning the assessment and management of patients involved in medical emergencies was constructed for use by medical students who were beginning Year 3 of a 5-year curriculum. Particular emphasis was place on the identification by the student of priorities for action and the justification for decisions made on the basis of underlying mechanisms. Our aim was to help the student sharpen his problem-solving skills in situations where decisions may have to be made and interventions undertaken before information gathering is complete. The game is simple in construct and may be played by individuals or groups. It has a major advantage over other forms of problem presentation in that the student can select and document his own decision-making pathway with minimal cueing and he may compare his pathway with that of the experts at the end of the game. Students and tutors found this approach enjoyable and realistic and considered the game a useful tool in our problem solving curriculum. PMID- 7266398 TI - An appraisal of methods of evaluating training in psychiatry. AB - A survey of American chief residents in psychiatric training centres was carried out to assess how these training programmes gathered feedback on teacher effectiveness and programme content. The chief resident in each programme was asked to report how his or her department elicited information from their residents about course and teacher quality. Responses from 184 training centres in the United States were obtained and accounted for 75% of the existing centres. Fifty questionnaires were returned with the survey results and were analysed. The seven factors of clinical teacher effectiveness previously described in the literature were used to evaluate these questionnaires. The majority lacked consistent coverage of the teaching factors with the percentages of questionnaires covering a specific behaviour as follows: teacher organization, 58%; instructor knowledge, 42%; group interactional skills, 42%; instructor enthusiasm, 30%; clinical supervision skills, 25%; display of professional characteristics, 19%; and clinical competence, 17%. PMID- 7266399 TI - Postgraduate psychiatric training. The Royal College of Psychiatrists survey of consultants in general psychiatry appointments in 1975-1978. AB - Since 1966 all recently appointed consultants in general psychiatry in the United Kingdom have been asked to rate their training experiences. Four postal surveys have been made at three yearly intervals, of 574 consultants appointed in the period 1 October 1965--30 September 1978. This paper reports the findings from the responses of 162 consultants appointed 1975-1978. Fifty per cent, or fewer, reported satisfactory training in special forms of psychotherapy, addiction, work in the community, mental handicap, forensic psychiatry, administration, research, psychogeriatrics, work with longstay patients, rehabilitation, medico-legal work, group psychotherapy, work in a therapeutic community, child psychiatry epidemiology and postgraduate teaching. Those who had been at the Maudsley Hospital considered that they had experienced the best training, while those who had been at peripheral hospitals the worst. Progress has been made in the past 3 years, notably in the fields of individual psychotherapy, community work and forensic psychiatry. PMID- 7266400 TI - Attitudes of house-physicians towards self-poisoning patients. AB - Eighty-two house-physicians filled in a questionnaire concerning the care of self poisoning patients with special emphasis on training and attitudes. These recently qualified doctors dealt with large numbers of such patients and expressed dissatisfaction with their training in this respect. Hostile attitudes towards these patients developed most clearly at those district hospitals where psychiatrists are rarely available. During their 6 months as a house-physician, doctors at the teaching hospital became more interested in making a full assessment of these patients whereas those at other hospitals became less so. Better training at both undergraduate and pre-registration level is needed to make house-physicians more able and more willing to fully assess these patients. PMID- 7266401 TI - A hierarchical model of continuing education. AB - A hierarchical model of continuing education is described which incorporates three levels. These include traditional continuing education, education for individual professional competency and a systems approach to continuing education. The motivation of doctors to participate in continuing education activities, based on knowledge acquisition, is placed in the context of this hierarchical model. PMID- 7266402 TI - Neurosyphilis--a clinical survey. PMID- 7266403 TI - Rehabilitation of malnourished preschool children with Nutri-Pak. PMID- 7266405 TI - Air-conditioning, health and outdoor thermal comfort in some local cities. PMID- 7266404 TI - Iron stores in pregnancy. PMID- 7266407 TI - Ataxia telangiectasia--a case report. PMID- 7266406 TI - A family with hereditary ataxia. PMID- 7266408 TI - Myasthenia gravis--a clinical survey in Malaysia. PMID- 7266409 TI - Tropical calcific pancreatitis. PMID- 7266411 TI - A case report on a 103 year old patient with perforated peptic ulcer. PMID- 7266410 TI - The current management of external fistulas. PMID- 7266412 TI - Radiological changes in bronchial asthma. PMID- 7266413 TI - [Problem area: determination of brain death]. PMID- 7266414 TI - [Organ donation--a question of conscience?]. PMID- 7266415 TI - [Prostaglandins protect the gastric mucosa irrespective of their acid-inhibiting activity]. PMID- 7266416 TI - [Effective prevention of thromboembolism with heparin and dihydroergotamine]. PMID- 7266417 TI - Statistical data 1979. PMID- 7266418 TI - Termination of hospital--patient relationship: tort liability--"hospital transfer or refusal of treatment". PMID- 7266420 TI - [Dependence on benzodiazepines and appetite suppressants. An interview with Prof. B. Lemmer, Frankfurt]. PMID- 7266419 TI - [Benzodiazepines and appetite suppressants--use and abuse]. PMID- 7266421 TI - [Irritable colon]. PMID- 7266422 TI - Innovar: a follow-up. PMID- 7266423 TI - Prostaglandin-inhibitor analgesics. PMID- 7266424 TI - Treatment of heat stroke. PMID- 7266425 TI - Histiocytic lymphoma following resolution of sarcoidosis. AB - A 32-year-old female who developed respiratory symptoms and hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement had a biopsy of a mediastinal lymph node typical of sarcoidosis. The symptoms and lymphadenopathy resolved spontaneously without therapy. Eighteen months later the patient developed recurrent respiratory symptoms and a large anterior mediastinal mass, a biopsy of which showed a diffuse sclerosing histiocytic lymphoma, without evidence of sarcoidosis. The possibility of a common etiologic factor or transformation of sarcoidosis into a histiocytic lymphomas are discussed. PMID- 7266426 TI - Progress in the treatment of childhood acute leukemia: a review. AB - The dramatic improvements in the survival experience for children diagnosed with acute leukemia are analyzed using data collected through hospitals participating in the National Cancer Institute's End Results Group Program between 1950 and 1973. Children under 15 years of age who were diagnosed with both acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) showed moderate improvements in the 1950s, but beginning in the 1960s those with ALL did far better. Statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level were noted between their three-year survival rates for all cohorts analyzed between 1960 and 1973. For the 1970-1973 cohort, three-year survival rates were 49% and 20% for ALL and ANLL, respectively, and five-year survival rates were 34% and 12%. Between 1950 and 1976 the age-adjusted incidence rate for all childhood leukemias remained relatively stable in a sample of five geographic areas, changing from 4.6 per 100,000 children under 15 years of age to 4.3 per 100,000. In contrast, the corresponding age-adjusted mortality rate fell approximately 45% over the same period, from 4.4 per 100,000 to 2.4 per 100,000. PMID- 7266427 TI - Phase I trial of rubidazone (NSC 164011) in children with cancer. AB - Rubidazone was administered to 24 children with advanced solid tumors or leukemia. The dose ranged from 80 to 150 mg/m2/IV daily to a total dose of 160 to 450 mg/m2/course. This course was repeated at intervals of approximately three weeks. Eighteen of 24 patients (75%) had received adriamycin and daunomycin as part of prior chemotherapy. The major toxic effects observed were myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, mucositis, and skin rash. Four patients developed abnormal echocardiograms following the rubidazone therapy, 2 manifested clinical cardiac failure, of which one had anthracycline cardiomyopathic changes on autopsy. One of 7 adequately treated ALL patients achieved M2 marrow and improved peripheral counts for 3 weeks. One of the 2 neuroblastoma patients had subjective improvement of bone pain for 2 months. Rubidazone, in a previous heavily treated group of patients used in this study, had dosages of 360 and 450 mg/m2 which produced marrow hyperplasia to aplasia, with only minimal responses. PMID- 7266428 TI - Intrapleural therapy of malignant pleurisy in patients with neuroblastoma. AB - Three children with advanced neuroblastoma developed pleural effusion in the course of their disease. This unusual complication was successfully treated with intrapleural administration of a nonspecific "immunostimulatory" agent; cell wall skeleton of Nocardia rubra (N-cws). The side effects of this procedure were mild and well tolerated even in infants in spite of their terminal stage. Intrapleural therapy in this study seemed to be useful for the treatment of pediatric malignant pleurisy. PMID- 7266429 TI - Chronic threshold of stimulating electrodes: comparison of activated vitreous carbon with conventional platinum-iridium electrodes in animal tests. AB - Electrodes made of vitreous carbon are inert, corrosion-resistant, inactive to electrocatalytic reactions and are especially biocompatible. Upon activation, they attain a capacitance of 20 to 40 mF and become "non-polarizable". Therefore, they should be particularly suitable as stimulating and sensing electrodes for cardiac pacemakers. The connective tissue layer that develops around the electrode because of the foreign-body reaction is less than 100 micron thick. The threshold rise, through lower than that of conventional Pt-Ir or ELGILOY electrodes, cannot be attributed exclusively to the connective tissue layer that is formed. Under favourable conditions, the threshold in animal experiments remains below 525 mV. Blood-spaces adjoining the electrodes are found at higher chronic threshold values. PMID- 7266430 TI - Microcomputer-based measurement of beat-to-beat intervals and analysis of heart rate variability. AB - This paper presents detailed information about a small, low-cost computerized system for on-line data processing which may easily be adapted to various problems. In the application described, the system operates as a heart detector and analyzer providing ECG signal filtering, measurement of beat-to-beat intervals (resolution: 1 ms), elimination of both artifacts and extrasystoles, and statistical analysis. All data and results are stored on magnetic tape and printed. This device proved to be a valuable tool in the investigation of heart rate abnormalities, which seem to indicate the presence of autonomic dysfunction observed in long-term diabetes mellitus. Preliminary results show that the decrease of normal beat-to-beat variation in diabetics is highly correlated with diabetic neuropathy and microangiopathy of the eye. PMID- 7266431 TI - Examination of thin tissue layers in the human eye. AB - A computer-aided interactive method based on A-scan analysis using broadband RF signals (15 MHz centre frequency) is presented. This method is used for the characterization of tissue layers of the posterior wall of the human eye in vivo. The following topics are discussed: - Automatic signal pre-processing and formation of a patient-specific, representative echogram. - Comparative studies using various methods from the time and frequency domain for the determination of layer thickness. - Analysis of the boundary surfaces by their spectral distribution, taking into account the roughness of the surface in relation to the ultrasonic wavelength. The characterization and differentiation of tissue layers by means of sets of features are explained with examples from intact posterior wall, detached retinas, vitreous membranes and from intraocular tumours. The differentiation of detached retina and other membranes by comparison with adjacent layers is discussed. PMID- 7266432 TI - Electrical hazards incurred when using anti-static anaesthetic hose. AB - The following paper describes the presence of a potential hazard when anaesthetic anti-static rubber elephant tubing is connected between electrical equipment with a metal case, and a patient. The conductive properties of this tubing are shown to increase as temperature rises and to be permanently changed when the tubing is exposed to standard autoclaving procedures. Reasons for changes in conductivity are discussed in detail, and two solutions are offered enabling the patient to be protected against large leakage currents, yet retaining the anti-static properties of the gas circuit. PMID- 7266433 TI - Functional images from serial computer tomograms. PMID- 7266434 TI - [Neonatal hyperammonemia]. PMID- 7266435 TI - [Hypoglycemia in the low-weight newborn infant]. PMID- 7266436 TI - [Whooping-cough. Epidemiological, prognostic and prophylactic considerations on a series of recent cases]. PMID- 7266437 TI - [Desmoplastic fibroma. Description of the 1st case in the literature on localization in the metatarsus]. PMID- 7266438 TI - [Potter's syndrome. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 7266439 TI - [Vertigo and headache in childhood. Considerations on 3 cases]. PMID- 7266440 TI - [Importance of the early diagnosis of relational disorders]. PMID- 7266441 TI - [Diagnostic problems in neuromotor retardation and damage]. PMID- 7266442 TI - [Importance of early diagnosis of endocrine diseases of neuropsychiatric significance]. PMID- 7266444 TI - [Klebsiella enteritis in sucklings]. PMID- 7266443 TI - [Clinico-radiological analysis of 499 cases of the idiopathic respiratory syndrome of the newborn]. PMID- 7266445 TI - Tuberous sclerosis in an adult. PMID- 7266447 TI - Impotence--evaluation and treatment. PMID- 7266446 TI - Arthroscopic surgery of the knee. PMID- 7266448 TI - Acute aortic dissection in a patient with Marfan's syndrome and severe pectus excavatum. PMID- 7266449 TI - Circulating immunoglobulins in bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7266450 TI - Newborn metabolic screening in Minnesota. II. PKU and galactosemia. PMID- 7266452 TI - The veterinarian's role in contamination prevention. PMID- 7266451 TI - Cycled respiration: an aid to auscultation of the heart. PMID- 7266453 TI - To market, to market to buy a fat pig-or-how to attract new clients. PMID- 7266454 TI - Working vacation in the Caribbean. PMID- 7266456 TI - Reconstruction of canine membrane nictitans with an autograft. PMID- 7266455 TI - A review of lameness in swine. PMID- 7266457 TI - Bovine lameness due to suspected chlamydial infection. PMID- 7266458 TI - Exotic Newcastle disease in 2 Amazon parrots. PMID- 7266459 TI - Man-made dystocias. PMID- 7266460 TI - There's more than one way to castrate a cat. PMID- 7266461 TI - Double contrast gastrography in dogs. AB - For experimental evaluation of double contrast gastrography in 9 dogs, sodium iothalamate and air were used for positive and negative contrast, respectively, to delineate the gastric mucosa. The technic was simple and reasonably safe. Results were satisfactory when the stomach was empty, and appropriate volumes of contrast materials were evenly distributed. PMID- 7266462 TI - Who's entitled? (and to what?). PMID- 7266463 TI - Feline infectious peritonitis. PMID- 7266464 TI - Binding of [3H]amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene to rat striatal membranes. Effects of purine nucleotides and ultraviolet irradiation. PMID- 7266465 TI - Membrane-disordering action of ethanol: variation with membrane cholesterol content and depth of the spin label probe. PMID- 7266466 TI - Perturbations of peptide-induced lateral phase separations in phosphatidic acid bilayers by the inhalation anesthetic methoxyflurane. PMID- 7266467 TI - Human dopamine-beta-hydroxylase: comparison of the enzyme from plasma, adrenal medulla, and pheochromocytoma by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7266468 TI - Effect of thioacetamide on the pentose phosphate pathway and other NADP-linked enzymes of rat liver cytosol: chronology of the perturbations and metabolic significance. PMID- 7266469 TI - Inhibition of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase by 9,11-deoxyprostaglandins in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7266470 TI - Interaction of S-adenosylhomocysteine with isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7266471 TI - The effects of methyl mercury on platelets: induction of aggregation and release via activation of the prostaglandin synthesis pathway. PMID- 7266472 TI - Comparison of the effects of griseofulvin and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine on ferrochelatase activity in chick embryo liver. PMID- 7266473 TI - Transient induction of phenotypic resistance in human lymphoblastoid cells following sequential use of two antifolates. PMID- 7266474 TI - Nucleophilic selectivity ratios of model and clinical alkylating agents by 4-(4' nitrobenzyl)pyridine competition. PMID- 7266476 TI - On the stereochemistry of dopaminergic ergoline derivatives. PMID- 7266475 TI - Treatment of Reuber H35 hepatoma cells with carrier-bound methotrexate. PMID- 7266477 TI - Inhibition of synthesis of lung proteins by halothane. PMID- 7266478 TI - Increase of conformational stability of homogeneous rabbit immunoglobulin G after hapten binding. PMID- 7266479 TI - Isolation of the fourth component of guinea pig complement and its single polypeptide chain precursor from plasma. PMID- 7266480 TI - Protein micelles of human histocompatibility antigens (HLA-A and HLA-B). PMID- 7266481 TI - Isolation and characterization of the third and fifth components of rabbit complement. PMID- 7266483 TI - The interaction of two polysaccharides containing beta 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues with two monoclonal antigalactan immunoglobulin Fab' fragments. PMID- 7266482 TI - Simple methods for production and characterization of rabbit antibodies to human breast tumor estrogen receptors. PMID- 7266484 TI - Gas--liquid chromatographic demonstration of the specificity of rabbit IgG antibody to the pesticide DDT and its metabolites. PMID- 7266485 TI - Human placental membrane receptor for IgG-I. Studies on properties and solubilization of the receptor. PMID- 7266486 TI - Effect of reduction and alkylation on structure and function of rabbit IgG antibody-I. Effect on ability to activate complement depends on conditions of reduction. PMID- 7266487 TI - Receptors for IgA on human lymphocytes--I. detection and specificity. PMID- 7266488 TI - Generation of the eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) from various cell types by melittin. PMID- 7266490 TI - [Structure of adrenal glands removed for hyperandrogenism and their hormone production in tissue culture]. AB - Authors studied the surgically removed adrenals of a 16 year old girl with hyperandrogenism in tissue culture. The majority of cells in the initial culture was similar to the cells of the normal human adrenal. In the 6 weeks tissue culture the morphology of the cells has shown an alteration. The majority of them contained a small number of lipid droplets, abundant quantity of lysosomes and autophage vacuole. At this period in the media the progesterone level appeared to be elevated. Two months later in the tissue culture numerous transformed cells could be seen and the progesterone level of the media was low. It is believed that alteration of the biosynthesis of progesterone may have a role in the increased production of testosterone and in virilization. PMID- 7266491 TI - [Effect of calcium-free perfusion on the myocardium]. AB - Authors studied the effect of the perfusion free of calcium on the myocardium. It was performed on the Langendorff cannula. Ultrastructural alterations were described in detail. The severity of the damage to the cells could be correlated with the duration of the perfusion. This study suggests that in the pathogenesis of these lesions lack of the membrane stabilizing effect of calcium ions may play a role. PMID- 7266489 TI - The paradoxical effect of cycloheximide on 3H-uridine incorporation by histidine starved concanavalin A-treated lymphocytes. PMID- 7266492 TI - [Value of serum cholinesterase activity in the postmortem diagnosis of phosphoric acid ester poisoning]. PMID- 7266493 TI - [The role of zinc compounds in forensic chemistry]. AB - Literary data on the intoxications with tin containing chemicals are reviewed. Attention is called to the fact, that the value of the DL of the chlorides in some works are mistaken for the sulphates and vice versa. Several cases of acute intoxication with soldering-water are reported. In these cases both the medical history and the autopsy findings referred only to intoxication with hydrochloric acid and the effect of other toxic agents was not suspected. PMID- 7266494 TI - [Morphological study of the adenyl cyclase activity of the rat heart in experimental hypoxia and ischemia]. AB - Alteration of the activity and localization of the reaction of adenylcyclase after perfusion of the rat heart with nitrogen, carbon monoxide and after ischaemia was studied by electronmicroscopy. In the first minutes of hypoxia increase of the activity of the adenylcyclase was revealed. After perfusion with nitrogen during three hours and with carbon monoxide during 30 minutes intensity of the reaction was observed to be decreased. In ischaemia decrease of the intensity of the late reaction could not be observed. Alteration of the localization of the reaction in ischaemia and hypoxia was not significant. Administration of reserpine and propanol did not cause any alteration. Authors believe, that increase of the activity of the adenylcyclase may be caused by accumulation of an endogenous catecholamine. PMID- 7266495 TI - [Propane-butane gas embolism following self-inflicted heart stab wound]. PMID- 7266496 TI - [Crime as the 1st symptom of schizophrenia. Psychopathological analysis]. AB - One case of paranoid schizophrenia which for a long period remained latent is reported. The first manifest symptoms of the disease resulted in crime. The importance of the observation of the premorbid personality and detailed psychopathological analysis of it especially in forensic psychiatry are stressed. The basic task of the expert is to disclose the diagnosis of the mental illness. To reveal the relationship between the disease and the crime committed-which is the bases of the experts conclusion- all the circumstances of the crime should be considered. In the case reported the crime itself has had marks of insanity. PMID- 7266497 TI - [Haptoglobin subtypes in paternity cases]. AB - A brief review of theoretical and practical problems of the identification of haptoglobins (Hp) is given. Examination of Hp-subtypes was carried out in 335 cases of discussed paternity using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. According to the results of the examination of the sera of 285 adults (included into the above mentioned group) the gen frequency appeared to be as follows: when the frequency of the gen Hp1 = 0.346, the value of the frequency of Hp1F = 0.115 and Hp1S = 0.231. Thus the maximal (theoretical) chance of the exclusion of the paternity have been found 26.24%. Two cases are reported. In one of them determination of the Hp-subtypes resulted in exclusion of the discussed paternity. PMID- 7266498 TI - [Primary tumors of the duodenum]. PMID- 7266499 TI - [Sex education? Sex deviation?]. PMID- 7266500 TI - [Primary malignant lymphoma of the brain]. PMID- 7266501 TI - [Post-irradiation brain necrosis causing apoplexy and death 33 years after irradiation]. AB - A case of post-irradiation brain-necrosis resulting in apoplexia of the cerebellum after 33 years of irradiation (19 984 r.) of a presumptive cerebellar tumour in childhood is reported. The pathohistologic study revealed symptoms of the "late" damage and vascular changes appeared to be the most prominent. Thickening of the vessel walls, hyperplasia of collagen fibres and deposition of calcium in the media, were the most characteristic lesions revealed. In some of the small vessels isolated calcification of the media was observed. It seems most probable, that in the development of apoplexia vascular alterations could play an important part. In the available literature author has not found report on a similarly long interval elapsing between the irradiation and death. PMID- 7266502 TI - [Postgastrectomy histological changes, with special reference to cancer]. AB - Postoperative changes of the gastric mucosa were studied in biopsy specimens from patients with resection of the stomach. In 11.4 per cent of cases no changes were revealed. In 70.9 per cent various types of gastritis occurred. After 5 years of partial gastrectomy in 11.9 per cent of cases primary carcinoma of the stump or the anastomosis was found. Considering these data systemic endoscopic control of patients with partial resection of the stomach is recommended. PMID- 7266503 TI - [Detailed study of chromosomes using the trypsin Giemsa band technic]. PMID- 7266504 TI - [New nomenclature for human immunoglobulin polymorphism]. PMID- 7266506 TI - [Intramitochondrial changes in adenocarcinoma cells of the uterine mucosa following progesterone therapy]. AB - In cells of human endometrial carcinoma intramitochondrial inclusions were found. After treatment with large doses of progesterone majority of them disintegrated and severe lesion of the mitochondria developed. The mechanism of the mitochondrial alterations in tumour cells induced by progesterone is not yet cleared, however a primary membrane lesion can not be excluded. It is believed, that this damage to mitochondria may play a part in the regression of endometrial carcinoma induced by progesterone. PMID- 7266505 TI - [Closed isolated pancreatic injury caused by a safety belt]. PMID- 7266507 TI - [Light and electron microscopic study of the seminiferous tubules in experimental malacoplakia]. AB - Behaviour of the epithelium of seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue was studied in malacoplakia induced by administration of an extract of E. coli. Necrosis of the epithelium of seminiferous tubules developed immediately and it was replaced by granulocytes, and histiocytes, phagocytizing both, bacterial extract administered and disintegrated cells. Tunica propria was thickened by inflammatory cells. Hansemann cells were observed not only in the interstitium but between the layers of the tunica propria and on the place of the necrotized epithelium of the seminiferous tubules. Although Sertoli cells possess phagocytizing activity it could not be proved, that Hansemann cells are taking their origin from them. PMID- 7266508 TI - [Effect of dexamethasone on the ultrastructure of the myocardium in experimental hemorrhagic shock]. AB - Authors studied the ultrastructure of the myocardium of rats treated with Dexamethasone in experimental haemorrhagic shock of 2.5 hours duration. The perfusion was performed on the Langendorff cannula. After preliminary treatment with Dexamethasone no characteristic morphological picture of the shock developed, but a marked accumulation of glycogen was observed. Authors believe that morphological pictures unambiguously evidence the anti-shock effect of Dexamethasone. PMID- 7266509 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the lung in acute adult respiratory distress syndrome]. AB - Morphological alterations of the lung in respiratory distress syndrome of adults (ARDS) were analyzed in 10 cases with traumatic-and septic shock, laryngitis subglottica descendens and bronchopneumonia. For the better understanding of the pathomechanism of the disease in addition to the standard methods, first of all ultrastructural alterations were studied. Two phases of the morphologic alterations could be distinguished, the phase of the destruction and the phase of the repair. These two processes are not sharply distinguishable. Genesis of the characteristic histological alterations (damage to the epithelial and endothelial cells, formation of hyaline membranes, microcoagulation, proliferation of the type II pneumocytes and fibroblasts, fibrosis) is discussed, with regard to the data of the literature. PMID- 7266510 TI - [Electron microscopic study of villous adenoma of the colon]. AB - Characteristic patterns of the villous adenoma of colon have been studied by electron microscope in 12 cases. In accordance with the data of other investigators it was revealed that dominating cells of the villous adenoma were undifferentiated epithelial cells which normally occurred in Liberkuhn crypts. Immaturity of cells, alteration of nuclei and pathologic changes of the cell membrane seem to indicate malignant transformation. It is supposed, the Leuchtenberger's inclusion bodies develop as a result of strangulation of cytoplasmic processes. In tumours inducing electrolyte loss atypical cells showing evidence of mucus secretion have been observed, nevertheless mucus secreted by these cells differed from that of goblet cells of the normal colon epithelium. Author believes, that atypical cells secrete mucus of abnormal composition and this fact may lie on the basis of electrolyte losing syndrome. PMID- 7266511 TI - [Ultrastructure of pregnancy granuloma (angiogranuloma)]. AB - The granuloma of pregnancy (angiogranuloma) has been studied by light-and electron microscopy. It has been revealed that granuloma of pregnancy consists chiefly of capillaries and undifferentiated connective tissue. It is a hyperplastic proliferative growth developing on the hormonal basis. In the case reported under the basement membrane presence of an electron lucent layer of fibrillar structure has been observed. Authors suppose that this phenomenon later will successfully be used in morphological differential diagnostics. PMID- 7266512 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the retina under althesin anesthesia]. AB - Effect of Althesin-mononarcosis of 1--4 hours of duration on the ultrastructure of retina has been studied. In neural elements of the retina pathologic changes have not been observed. Only one unusual phenomenon-increase of glycogen content in Muller cells parallel with the duration of the narcosis has been noticed. Author believes that this phenomenon can be regarded as physiological reaction occurring in sleep. PMID- 7266513 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic studies of the endometrium in premalignant hyperproliferative conditions]. AB - Scanning electron microscopic study of endometrium in premalignant hyperproliferative conditions has been carried out. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs have been correlated. It has been established that changes of the surface pattern of cells within limits indicate the process of dedifferentiation. First of all formation of cilia can be regarded as a phenomenon demonstrating malignant transformation of cells. Surface pattern of cells and intracellular processes seems to show a certain degree of parallelism. To reveal morphologic criteria evidencing malignant transformation of cells further study of the problem is needed. PMID- 7266514 TI - [Incidence of lamellae annulatae in testicular biopsy material]. AB - Incidence of lamellae annulatae has been studied in testis biopsy specimens of 52 patients with varicocele, atrophia of testis, agenesia of ductus deferens and Klinefelter syndrome. Biopsies were performed between September 1977 and June 1979. Lamellae annulatae have been observed in every case except two. These observations seem to confirm the hypothesis, according to which lamellae annulate of germinal cells take their origin from the nuclear membranes. Their localization in Sertoli cells seems to contradict to this theory. Lamellae annulatae of germinal cells have a longitudinal, parallel arrangement. In Sertoli cells most of them appear to be concentric structure. Lamellae annulatae in accordance with data reported in literature in Leydig cells have not been found. PMID- 7266516 TI - [Isochromosomes in solid malignant tumors]. PMID- 7266518 TI - [Incidence of mast cells and ultrastructural properties of the human testis]. AB - Incidence of mast cells in biopsy material from human testis has been studied. Review of the Hungarian and international literature dealing with mast cells is presented. Structure of mast cells of human testis seems to be similar to that of mast cells of other organs. In mast cells of the testis granules of lamellar, granular and mixed structure have been observed, but crystal-like ones has not been found. In the interstitial cells of the testis strikingly large number of Reinke crystals have been detected. PMID- 7266515 TI - [Liver biopsy in chronic hepatitis in childhood]. AB - Clinical and pathological aspects of 9 cases of chronic persistent- and 14 cases of chronic aggressive hepatitis have been analyzed. Importance of the needle biopsy for diagnosis, control and treatment of the disease is emphasized. Differences in the histologic pattern of chronic hepatitis as compared to that of the adults are demonstrated (lack of plasma cells, moderate fibrosis, extreme variability of morphologic pattern in the same material, lack of the HBsAg positivity). Reported findings seem to evidence that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of chronic aggressive hepatitis may provide satisfactory prognosis. PMID- 7266519 TI - [Bilateral traumatic renal artery occlusion]. PMID- 7266517 TI - [Secondary fungal esophagitis]. AB - Mycotic oesophagitis can be divided into two major groups: the less frequent primary form occur without any predisposing disease and the secondary one developing more frequently as a result of predisposing diseases or pathologic processes of the oesophagus. In the case reported differential-diagnostic problems of the secondary mycotic oesophagitis are discussed. The primary lesion in this case was leiomyosarcoma of the oesophagus which remained undetected by the four biopsies performed. The specimen obtained in each occasion consisted of necrotic-mycotic material. Stenosis of the oesophagus caused by the tumour, prevented the successful biopsy. PMID- 7266520 TI - [Membrane structures in 13 cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]. AB - 13 cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have been studied in needle-biopsy material. In various structural elements of glomeruli electronmicroscopically MS of different shape and size were found. Contrary to the findings of other investigators similar elements in other types of glomerulopathia were not revealed. Author believes that presence of MS in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is of diagnostic value. PMID- 7266521 TI - [Comparative study of degrees of differentiation of endometrial cancer]. AB - Electron micrographs and scanning electron micrographs of well differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma of endometrium have been compared. It was established, that the grade of malignancy could be correctly estimated by studying the surface pattern of them. Comparison of the surface pattern of cells with the ultrastructure of the intracellular elements has shown that they represent functional unit. The surface pattern of cells may characterize intracellular processes and indicate the grade of differentiation. PMID- 7266522 TI - [Correlation between the fetotoxic effect of benzol inhalation in CFY rats and benzol concentration in the inhaled gas]. AB - CFY rats from the 7th to the 14th days of pregnancy were given benzole to inhale during 24 hours a day in doses 150, 450, 1500 or 3000 mg/m3 (50, 150, 500 or 1000 ppm). It was established that benzole has no teratogenous effect in rats. Frequency of the obvious malformations of the scelet and soft tissues has not increase at any doses given. The concentration of benzole 150 mg/m3 has induced moderate, 450 mg/m3 marked maternal and foetal toxicity i.e. increase of the maternal mortality rate, damage to the circulation, decrease in the gain of the body weight and that of the placenta, increase of the foetal mortality rate (early and late) and retardation of the foetal development. Further increase of the concentration of the benzole was not followed by more severe toxical symptoms. Authors conclude, that women already before the onset of the planned pregnancy should avoid benzole exposition. PMID- 7266523 TI - [Pathomechanisms of Reinke edema]. AB - Reinke's oedema is a characteristic process of a limited part of vocal cords, margins of them. In the development of it local injury of vessel walls, increase of the permeability play a part. Why fluid entering from vessels into the tissues of vocal cords does not flow back can be explained by the peculiar anatomic structure and lymph circulation of the Reinke's space. Dyskeratic changes of the epithelium covering the organized oedema are of secondary type. They are not followed by increased mitotic activity of basal and parabasal cells. PMID- 7266524 TI - [Detection of corpus luteum insufficiency by histological study of the endometrium]. AB - Characteristic morphologic alterations of endometrium following corpus luteum insufficiency are described. It is emphasized that in the majority of cases insufficiency of corpus luteum--which in 22 per cent of cases lies on the basis of functional sterility--brings about decreased output of progesterone in the luteal phase of the cycle and induces "disturbed secretion" i. e. hypoluteal transformation of endometrium. Another variant may also take place: normal function of the corpus luteum may last over a too short period inducing the shortening of the secretory phase and the early breakdown of the endometrium. Both, above mentioned mechanisms may inhibit the implantation of the fertilized ovum and lead to functional sterility. PMID- 7266525 TI - [Chromosome analysis in disputed paternity cases]. AB - Results of the study of chromosomes carried out in cases of discussed paternity are reported. Using C-banding technique in 297 cases thickening of the heterochromatic part of chromosomes (1, 9, 16, Y) and incidence of total or partial inversion was studied. By Q-fluorescence-banding technique frequency of polymorphism was investigated. PMID- 7266526 TI - [Medicolegal aspects of traffic accidents involving pedestrians, especially children, I]. AB - Statistical data on the frequency of traffic accidents (run over) of pedestrians, mechanism, localization, and severity of the produced injury are dealt with. Role of the medico-legal expert examining injuries caused by accidents, his opportunities in reconstruction of events and in prevention of accidents are reviewed. Importance of the complex work of medico-legal and technical experts and the possibility of it at the present time are discussed. Mental and psychical characteristics of children playing a part in the traffic are also summarized. At last most important problems of the prevention of the traffic accidents of pedestrians are briefly reviewed. PMID- 7266528 TI - [Plexiform tumor of the uterus]. PMID- 7266527 TI - [Forensic and psychiatric expertise in homicides committed in atypical mental states, caused by affective disorders]. PMID- 7266529 TI - [Henbane as a narcotic substitute]. PMID- 7266530 TI - [Hairy cell leukemia: pathomorphology, cytology and cytochemistry]. AB - In 10 cases of hairy cell leukaemia histological, cytological, cytochemical and in some of the cases immunocytological investigations were carried out. In addition to clinical, cytological and cytochemical findings arising suspicion of hairy cell leukaemia, in three cases the multifocal reaction of acid-phosphatase appeared to be tartarate sensitive (at the concentration of L+-tartaric acid- 0,75%), indicating in accordance with findings of Burns et al. (9), that tartarate resistency of the acid-phosphatase reaction ("isoenzyme 5" Katayama es mtsai, 24) has no absolute diagnostic significance. Pathomorphological investigation of different tissues (spleen, lymph node, bone marrow, liver) has revealed the characteristic localization of the spleen infiltrates (cords of Billroth) and the formation of the so called pseudosinuses. These morphological findings may contribute to the diagnosis of hairy cell leukaemia. PMID- 7266531 TI - [Our parents too are commuters]. AB - Elderly persons (over the age of 60) suffer traffic accidents more frequently than it could be expected considering their incidence rate in the population all over the world. The situation in Hungary is least favourable since the number of traffic accident victims (pedestrians) is extremely high. This endangerment of elderly persons may be explained by their mental and physical condition and behaviour. The important duty of the society to improve by all means the situation of elderly persons in the traffic. PMID- 7266532 TI - [Medicolegal aspects of traffic accidents involving pedestrians, especially children. II]. AB - Statistical data on the frequency of traffic accidents (run over) of pedestrians, mechanism, localization and severity of the produced injury are dealt with. Role of the medico-legal expert examining injuries caused by accidents, his opportunities in reconstruction of events and in prevention of accidents are reviewed. Importance of the complex work of medico-legal and technical experts and the possibility of it at the present time are discussed. Mental and physical characteristics of children playing a part in the traffic are also summarized. At last most important problems of the prevention of the traffic accidents of pedestrians are briefly reviewed. PMID- 7266533 TI - [The role of neuropathological changes in the mortality rate in burns]. AB - Neuropsychiatrical symptoms occurring during the disease caused by burning are dealt with. Neuropathological alterations lying in the basis of these symptoms are discussed. Oedema of the brain observed in 7 cases out of 9 analysed neuropathologically is described in detail. Considering literary data and findings in the observed cases authors believe, that oedema of the brain plays a role in the mortality caused by burning. PMID- 7266534 TI - [A case of solitary plasmacytoma]. PMID- 7266535 TI - [A case of benign chondroblastoma]. PMID- 7266536 TI - [Extensive intestinal necrosis without obstruction caused by so-called low flow state]. AB - Medical history of a 36 year old woman with severe combined valvular deformities and frequent failure of the circulation inspite of the treatment with digitalis is reported. Impairment of the circulation gradually lead to the so called "low flow state" which resulted in infarction of the small intestine without vascular occlusion. Inspite of the urgent removal of the necrotized segment of the intestine in an extent of 4 metres, the patient died. In connection with the case reported pathologic processes resulting in infarction of the small intestine are discussed. Emphasis is made on the reported less frequently encountered factor and on the effect of digitalis on the circulation of visceral organs. PMID- 7266537 TI - [Indictment in a case of fetal intravenous petrol injection]. AB - To the patient of surgical department after the operation instead of 10 percent solution of sodium chloride 20 ml of petrol was injected intravenously. After that immediately tonoclonic spasms, loss of consciousness and in 3/4 hours death followed. The doctor giving the injection was sentenced to three month imprisonment with the arrest of judgement. The nurse, who had changed the solution in the bottle in question without changing the label on it, was sentenced to four month imprisonment. PMID- 7266538 TI - [Cellular mechanism of the blocking of Kupffer cell phagocytosis induced by gadolinium chloride]. AB - Studying the distribution of heterolog erythrocytes labelled by Cr51 in rats, it was established that reticuloendothelial blockade induced by gadolinium chloride first of all can be explained by the decreased phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells. Light-and electronmicroscopic studies have evidenced that gadolinium chloride inhibited phagocytosis of indian ink not only by normal, non activated Kupffer cells but also by those, activated by a reticuloendothelial stimulator, zymosan. These experiments seem to indicate that the blockade of Kupffer cell phagocytosis induced by gadolinium chloride both phases of this process, the surface sticking and engulfing are damaged. PMID- 7266539 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and Hodgkin's disease]. AB - In the lymph node biopsy specimen of a 80 year old male patient with clinical symptoms of malignant lymphoma histologically angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy have been diagnosed (AIBLP). In the second biopsy specimen obtained several weeks later histological picture of Hodgkin's disease (Hd) of the mixed cellularity type was found. In the first biopsy specimen micro-Sternberg -Reed-cells (micro-S R) were also observed. Presence of the latter in the Lennert's type of lymphoma indicate the transformation of the process into Hd. Micro-S-R-cells present in the early stage of Hodgkin's disease reminiscent of AIBLP provide possibility of a correct diagnosis. Authors assume that micro-S-R-cells, as well as S-R-cells of diagnostic value might be destroyed by cytostatic T-lymphocytes. PMID- 7266540 TI - [Forensic and ballistic examination of the surface of gunshot wounds]. AB - When investigating a gun-shot wound the forensic scientist gets the largest number of informations from the examination of the surface of it. After summarizing classical methods of the fire-arms examiner, authors report findings of the scanning electron microscopic examination of the entrance wound and the damaged clothing. Various alterations found characterize different factors of the shooting. Their presence and relation to each other may help to determine the fact of the shot itself and estimate the range at which the weapon was fired. PMID- 7266541 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the asymmetry of the head. I. Cranial bones, intracranial cavity and brain]. AB - Serial quantitative study of the asymmetry of the head was carried out. In the first paper data concerning the neurocranium, cranial cavity and brain are published. The second one deals with the orbit and the third paper with data concerning the nose and accessory nasal sinuses. Studies of the authors evidence that the head geometrically is not symmetrical. Asymmetries - within limits - (normal biological variants) do not cause any complaints or psychological problems. PMID- 7266542 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the asymmetry of the head. II. The orbit]. PMID- 7266543 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the asymmetry of the head. III. Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 7266544 TI - [A case of chordoma localized in the 3d lumbar vertebra]. PMID- 7266545 TI - [Role and significance of needle biopsy of the liver in the diagnosis of congenital bile duct atresia]. AB - Clinical differential diagnosis of neonatal icteric diseases not infrequently appears to be difficult. Diagnostic means are limited. The needle biopsy of the liver has become an important aid in the diagnosis of neonatal liver diseases. Authors have analysed 21 biopsies obtained from children with congenital bile duct atresia and 8 biopsies from children with cholestatic hepatosis. Findings are compared with those revealed in neonatal hepatitis and other processes. The early changes (intracanalicular and intraductal cholestasis) are similar both in congenital bile duct atresia and in cholestatic hepatosis. In the later phase of the process in cholestatic hepatosis and in other diseases increasing cholestasis and a secondary damage to the parenchyma, but first of all portal changes came into being and gave a reliable basis for the differential diagnosis. Liver biopsy is indispensable for the diagnosis of mentioned diseases. PMID- 7266546 TI - [Diagnostic value of the histological examination in gluten-sensitive enteropathy]. AB - At 42 children with malabsorption syndrome 65 peroral intestinal biopsies have been taken. In 7 cases three consecutive biopsies - at the onset of symptoms (1.), after gluten withdrawal (2.) and after reintroduction of gluten (3.) - were obtained. In 3 cases two biopsies, the (2.) and the (3.) were examined. On the basis of the clinico-morphological analysis of 27 biopsies gluten sensitive enteropathy was diagnosed in 6 cases. In 4 cases the reaction of the intestinal mucosa on withdrawal and reintroduction of gluten indicated transient gluten intolerance. As an effect of the dietary treatment introduced according to the morphological alterations of intestinal mucosa normal development of children started. Authors believe that the diagnosis of the gluten sensitive enteropathy and it's differentiation from the transient gluten intolerance should be based on the morphological examination of the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 7266547 TI - [Electron microscope study of localized gastric amyloidosis]. AB - Results of the electron microscopic examination of the local amyloidosis of the stomach are reported. In mucin producing cells of the gastric mucosa a large number of microfilaments indicating the presence of pathologic mucin secretion was revealed. Epithelial cells also exhibited signs of disturbed protein secretion. Electron microscopic features of cells occurring in amyloid deposits described in detail. It is concluded that in the development of local amyloid deposits actively secreting myofibroblasts play an important part. PMID- 7266548 TI - [Electron microscope study of colon cancer]. AB - 24 cases of the carcinoma of large bowel were studied electronmicroscopically. Ultrastructural features of tumour cells of various differentiation were compared. Besides epithelial cells, myofibroblast-reaction, observed in the stroma of tumours and considered as a local immune reaction caused by invasive cancer cells is also dealt with. It was also noticed that myofibroblasts develop from the fibroblasts of the ground substance of the colonic mucosa. PMID- 7266549 TI - [Morphology and cytodynamics of oxazolone-induced cellular immune response]. AB - Dynamics of lymphoid tissue changes induced by oxazolone, a contact allergen responsible for immune reaction of delayed type was studied. Basing on light-and electron microscopic findings and morphometrical analysis the following components of the reaction may be distinguished: an early active lymphocytic migration, a delayed paracortex proliferation and a following follicular response. In the regulation of the outflow of lymphocytes a primary role may be attributed to the endothelial lining of the postcapillary venules. For the morphological changes of endothelial cells an effect of circulating antigen specific lymphocytes may be responsible. PMID- 7266551 TI - [Electron microscopic study of transitional mucosa adjacent to colonic cancer, with special reference to stromal myofibroblastic reactions]. AB - Electron microscopic study of the "transitional" vicinal to colon carcinoma mucosa was carried out in 10 cases. Disturbance of the process of maturation of the epithelial cells i.e. increased differentiation of goblet cells and delayed maturation of absorptive cells was revealed. These data seem to correlate with those reported in the literature. Absence of the pericryptal fibroblast layer observed seems to explain extension and enlargement of crypts. Electronmicroscopic pattern of myofibroblasts of tunica propria indicates an intensified fiber formation. Based on the literary data theories explaining the function of myoblasts (contraction, embryonal formation of collagen fibers, aspecific stroma reaction) are reviewed. It is believed that the last two processes may take place in the transitional colonic mucosa. PMID- 7266550 TI - [A new model for arteriosclerosis. Electron microscopic study of the reaction of the arterial wall following lipofundin-S administration]. AB - The vascular wall injury in rats induced by intravenous administration of Lipofundin-S has been studied by electron microscopy and alterations occurring in the aortic wall has been described. Morphological changes revealed in thi model are similar to the fibroblastic atherosclerotic lesion which is well known in the human pathology. A further advantage of this new model is the shortness of the experimental period. Considering the above mentioned facts Lipofundin model seems to be particularly useful for testing medicaments used in the therapy of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7266552 TI - [Age-related changes in the lymphocytes as a model of aging]. AB - Lymphocytes of spleen and lymph nodes of Wistar rats and CBA/Ca mice, as well as human peripheric lymphocytes have shown similar age related alterations. These alterations appeared in form of the loss of the mitochondrial christae which were replaced by myelin-like figures or filamentous structure. In some cases lymphocytes contained electron lucid material and giant mitochondria. These mitochondrial changes were seen in human T-lymphocytes. Authors believe that lymphocytes represent a suitable model for the study of the process of aging and also for testing factors influencing it. PMID- 7266553 TI - [Smooth muscle cell migration in lesions of the vascular wall]. AB - Characteristic features of the smooth muscle cell migration and ghost body formation observed in vascular lesions induced by intravenous administration of Lipofundin-S were studied and compared to lesions seen in other models. Phenomena revealed can be explained by alterations of the cell environment. The cell, producing ghost body looses a part of the cytoplasm and complies with the new environment. Thus ghost bodies play an active part in maintaining the equilibrium between the cell and it's environment. PMID- 7266554 TI - [Menetrier's disease simulating pangastritis]. AB - A case of giant hypertrophic gastritis observed at a male patient of age 38 is reported. The process clinically and radiographically simulated a tumour of the stomach, which has been totally removed. Histologically inflammatory changes of the gastric wall-pangastritis-were found with micro-abscesses in the submucosa. Problems of pathogenesis, diagnostics, differential diagnostics and pathology of the disease are dealt with. Possible ways of the therapy are also discussed. PMID- 7266555 TI - Mutation-rate determinations based on electrophoretic analysis of laboratory mice. AB - Rate calculations are described for germinal mutations detected by an electrophoretic system as applied to mice in a series of recent experiments. The utility of the electrophoretic system is examined from several comparative viewpoints. The electrophoretic approach has a number of features to recommend it for future applications concerned with genetic hazard assessment. Its advantages include sensitivity, versatility, cost effectiveness and relevance to humans. PMID- 7266556 TI - Effects of inhibitors of de novo protein synthesis on UV-mutagenesis in Chinese hamster cells. Evidence against mutagenesis via inducible, error-prone DNA repair. AB - Experiments were designed to test whether UV-mutagenesis in animal cells requires an inducible error-phone DNA-repair system similar to the "SOS system" in E. coli. Chinese hamster (V79) cells were exposed to either 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB, a transcription inhibitor), cycloheximide, or puromycin for various times (3-6 h) following UV-irradiation (2-8 J/m2). Post irradiation treatment with DRB resulted in a reproducible enhancement of UV induced mutagenesis, whereas post-irradiation treatment with either cycloheximide or puromycin resulted in decreased UV-mutagenesis. Thus, the frequency of UV mutagenesis does not appear to be dependent on an inducible error-prone DNA repair pathway, since all 3 agents share the ability to inhibit de novo protein synthesis. In order to understand the effects of these inhibitors on mutation frequency, DNA synthesis in the presence of these agents was examined. DRB stimulated DNA synthesis in both irradiated and unirradiated cells. On the other hand, cycloheximide and puromycin caused an immediate inhibition of DNA synthesis in both irradiated and unirradiated cells. Therefore, it appears that UV mutagenesis reflects changes in post-irradiation DNA synthesis rather than post irradiation de novo protein synthesis. PMID- 7266557 TI - Inhibition of DNA replication by hydroxyurea and caffeine in an ultraviolet irradiated human fibroblast cell line. AB - DNA replication in human fibroblasts with normal excision repair was investigated after ultraviolet irradiation and incubation with caffeine or hydroxyurea. The DNA synthesized soon after irradiation had a reduced size, but that synthesized later was near normal size. When caffeine was present before labeling, it reduced the size of DNA synthesized but when added after labeling it was without effect. When irradiated cells were allowed to grow, labeled DNA increased in size steadily for 60 min to a maximum that was below control and dose-dependent. Further growth resulted in a transition of some label to parental DNA sized, but a large fraction remained permanently blocked at smaller sizes, producing bimodal distributions of DNA. The steady increase in size was inhibited by hydroxyurea. Removing cells from hydroxyurea resulted in increases similar to or slightly slower than those observed immediately after labeling, and this protocol did not permit cells to acquire any induced or enhanced capacity to replicate damaged DNA. PMID- 7266558 TI - Tentative estimate of the risk of chromosomal disease due to radiation-induced translocations in man. AB - An attempt to estimate one of the parameters establishing the risk of occurrence of abnormal live-born progeny by malsegregation of radiation-induced translocation is reported. A sample of 247 2-break translocations induced by gamma-rays in human lymphocytes was studied in relation to the minimal possible imbalance they could induce in gametogenesis. These imbalances were compared with chromosomal trisomies and monosomies known to be compatible with life after birth in man. It is concluded that at least 106 out of 247 translocations should not give viable products in cases of malsegregation. A second comparison, with translocations ascertained in human subjects for various reasons, led to the conclusion that about 2/5 of the radiation-induced translocations might involve a risk of partial trisomies or monosomies. Cell survival and frequency of meiotic malsegregations are other parameters needed to make a correct estimate. A short discussion shows the difficulty of such estimates from inter-specific comparisons. PMID- 7266559 TI - Spectrum of 32P-induced mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 7266560 TI - Effect of caffeine on the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced in vivo by triethylenemelamine (TEM) and adriamycin (ADR) in mice. AB - The effect of caffeine on the chromosomal aberrations induced in vivo by TEM and ADR was studied. BALB/c mice were treated intraperitoneally according to the schedule summarized in Table 1. Animals injected only with caffeine exhibited a significant increase in the frequency of gaps with the doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg and in the frequency of breaks with all the doses given. Treatments with TEM induced a significant increment of gaps, breaks and chromatid exchanges. ADR increased the frequency of gaps and breaks and induced centric fusions. Combined treatments with TEM plus caffeine evidenced the potentiating ability of the latter drug. Conversely, in mice injected with ADR and caffeine, only the frequency of centric fusions was increased. These results could be explained by assuming that: (1) the primary lesions induced by ADR are not repaired by post replication mechanisms; (2) the binding of ADR to the DNA molecule inhibits the unscheduled DNA synthesis necessary to perform the reparation of damaged segments. On the other hand, the increased frequency of biarmed chromosomes in ADR-caffeine treatments probably results from the induction of chromosomal stickiness of the heterochromatin regions. PMID- 7266561 TI - Spontaneous sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells in vivo and in vitro. AB - The incidence of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was studied in Chinese hamster cells. The cells used were an established cell line (Don), an aneuploid secondary culture still exhibiting contact inhibition of growth, a primary culture, bone marrow cells in vivo, a Don-derived clone having ring chromosomes, and endoreduplicated Don cells. The frequency of SCEs in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) increased in the following order: bone-marrow cells less than Don less than secondary culture cells less than primary culture cells. Marked increases in BUdR concentration induced only slight increases of SCEs. Some ring chromosomes showed Moebius strip and concatenated ring structures, indicating spontaneous occurrence of SCEs in the absence of BUdR. The incidence of spontaneous SCEs observed in ring chromosomes approximates that of SCEs observed in ordinary rod chromosomes in the presence of low dose levels of BUdR. SCEs occurring in the first and second cell cycles were separately counted in endoreduplicated cells. The ratio of single SCEs, which occurred in the second cell cycle, to twin SCEs, which occurred in the first cell cycle, was about 2, when the count of single SCEs was corrected for the induction effect. This implies that uninemy chromatids retain the polarity of DNA when SCEs occur, that bifilarly and trifilarly BUdR-substituted DNA strands give equal numbers of SCEs and that incidence of SCEs is independent of the length of S in the Don cells used here. PMID- 7266562 TI - Effects of ethionine on the replicational fidelity in V79 chinese hamster cells. AB - The possibility that ethionine, the ethyl analog of methionine and potent liver carcinogen, exerts its action by blocking the methylation of DNA and thereby rendering the post-replicative methylation instructed error-avoidance system inoperative was investigated. While the results are not directly supportive for the existence of such a repair system in V79 Chinese hamster cells, effects of ethionine were found. Following the exposure of ethionine-treated cells to EMS an increase in cell killing and a decrease in mutation induction was observed. The base analog, 6-hydroxyaminopurine, was shown to be clearly mutagenic in the mammalian cells and in the presence of ethinine a drastic decrease in mutant frequency was observed. Ethionine itself did not appear mutagenic over the entire dose range tested (1-1000 micrograms/ml). PMID- 7266563 TI - Protease inhibitors neither damage DNA nor interfere with DNA repair or replication in human cells. AB - Human fibroblasts were exposed to antipain or leupeptin at concentrations up to 2.5 mM and the presence of DNA damage and repair was assayed by several different methods. These did not reveal DNA damage or repair after exposure to either antipain or leupeptin, even in the presence of rat-liver microsomal S9 mix. Antipain also had no significant effects on the repair or replication of DNA after ultraviolet or X-irradiation. The demonstrated potentiation of radiation induced transformation of human cells and the selective killing of repair deficient cells by antipain must therefore occur by mechanisms that do not involve direct interaction of antipain with DNA. PMID- 7266564 TI - A mutagenicity methodology for assessing the formation of N-dimethylnitrosamine in vivo. AB - The mutagenicity test methodology in vitro has been extensively used during recent years in the identification of potential carcinogenic agents. Mutagenic analyses have been applied to the study of chemical reaction products for the demonstration of the formation of mutagenic agents. Recent studies have indicated that secondary and tertiary amines, when reacted with nitrite in acidic conditions, yield N-nitroso compounds, including the potent carcinogen N dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA). This finding raises the problem of risk evaluation of several food components of human diets for the presence of potential carcinogenic compounds. By combining a mutagenicity test procedure with yeast cells inoculated into the blood system of mice and incubated in the liver for various times (minutes or hours) we have devised a model methodology which allows the detection of the formation of N-dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA) at a level lower than 1 mg/kg. The methodology has been examined for its use in the study of activators of the nitrosation, such as thiocyanate, and of inhibitors of the nitrosation, such as ascorbic acid and tannic acid. Other food components of the human diet, such as red wine, have also been investigated by this methodology. PMID- 7266565 TI - Increased frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges in alcoholics. AB - The frequency of SCES was significantly increased in the alcoholics analyzed (10.6 &/- SD 0.66) when compared to the frequency of a control group (8.4 &/- SD 0.51). Statistical analysis of the data obtained showed that the increase was not apparently related to age, sex, cigarette smoking, duration in years of alcohol abuse, nutritional status or type of alcoholic beverage commonly consumed by the individual. Alcoholics recovering for at least one year from alcohol abuse were examined and the frequency of SCES was found to be equal to the SCE frequency in the control group. There was no statistical significance between the age, sex of the individual, smoking history and years of abstention from alcohol abuse with respect to the frequency of SCES. Therefore, one year of abstention appears sufficient to allow the SCE frequency to return to that found in the control group. In order to keep extraneous factors at a minimum and to analyze the effect of a particular factor, such as alcohol, on the number of SCES, a careful medical history and screening program was followed. However, more information is needed to determine which factors play a role in causing genetic damage and inducing SCES and to determine the significance SCES may have with respect to genetic information and function. PMID- 7266566 TI - Evaluation of chemically induced cytogenetic lesions in rabbit oocytes. I. The test system and the effects of streptonigrin. AB - An appropriate method for evaluating transmissible genetic damage in female germ cells is presented. Analysis of karyotype preparations from preimplantation (6- day) rabbit embryos for consistent structural chromosome abnormalities is described as a sensitive way in which these determinations can be made. A table prepared from summarized research reports shows that less than 1 in 2000 rabbit blastocysts karyotyped thus far has a consistent structural chromosome abnormality. In the new data presented in this study, none of the 90 control blastocysts karyotyped had consistent structural chromosome abnormalities while 13 of 278 from female rabbits treated with streptonigrin (NSC-45383) before conception did. These findings demonstrate that karyotype analysis for consistent chromosome lesions in preimplantation rabbit embryos from females exposed to chemical clastogens can serve as a sensitive and quantitative means of estimating effects on oocytes. The results of the study also show that the consistent structural chromosome lesions in the blastocyst karyotypes are what would be predicted from the mode of action of streptonigrin and the segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. The relative efficiency of this system based on the rabbit as compared to another recently described system bases on the hamster is also discussed. PMID- 7266567 TI - The influence of multiple scorers on cytogenetics study results. AB - Cytogenetics data resulting from one laboratory in a multiple-laboratory study were analyzed to determine if 5 well-trained scorers produced significantly different results using metaphase scoring procedures. Although the scorers reached the same general conclusion, results show that scorer differences exists (p less than 0.01). Consequently, all participating scorers in a laboratory should be used equally in all treatment groups and the results should be analyzed accordingly to account for scorer variations. This is easily accomplished in controlled prospective experiments; however, it is often difficult in retrospective studies using data which exists. In such studies, every effort should be made to analyze and interpret the data so that scorer differences are taken into account. For severely damaged cells not only were there scorer differences but the difference were greater at higher doses. This phenomenon may be related to the operational definition of a severely damaged cell, since scorers who identify more damage than other scorers would logically tend to classify more cells as severely damaged both overall and at lower doses. PMID- 7266568 TI - The peritoneal cell carcinogenicity test: a new short-term test system in rats. AB - A new carcinogenicity test system in rats, in vivo-in vitro, is discussed in the light of the validation results obtained so far. The new test lasts only 3 weeks and it involves the use of peritoneal cells as target cells. Colony growth in soft agar is considered as a criterion for cell transformation which, in turn, is taken as evidence for a carcinogenic potential of the agent tested. There was an absence of colony growth in 98% of the cultures made from the 225 control rats tested so far. Negative results were also observed with 2 known non-carcinogens, whereas positive cultures were observed for 7 known carcinogens belonging to 5 different classes. These results suggest that the chosen target cells are sensitive enough to detect the carcinogenic effect of agents applied in vivo even if these are strictly organotropic in their action. Several interesting areas of future research are discussed. PMID- 7266570 TI - International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC working paper 2/3: carcinogens and carcinogenesis enhancers. AB - The concept that chemical agents may lead to enhancement of carcinogenesis, rather than to its complete induction, is explored to explain the inexact correlation between carcinogen prescreening tests and the results of whole animal bioassays. It is suggested that carcinogenesis-enhancing agents are non-genotoxic chemicals which are positive in animal carcinogenesis bioassays. The importance of understanding the mechanisms of action of carcinogenesis-enhancing agents is emphasized. PMID- 7266571 TI - International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC working paper 2/4: Critical assessment of the value of in vitro cell transformation for predicting in vivo carcinogenicity of chemicals. PMID- 7266569 TI - The European Environmental Mutagen Society. Abstracts of papers, 10th annual meeting, September 14th-19th, 1980, Athens. PMID- 7266572 TI - Effects of fluphenazine hydrochloride on the bone-marrow cells of Swiss mice. AB - The possible mutagenic effects induced by fluphenazine hydrochloride in bone marrow cells of mice were evaluated by the micronucleus test. Mice were treated orally and intraperitoneally with the drug at dose of 55, 110 and 165 mg/kg and 21.25, 42.50 and 63.75 mg/kg resp. Bone-marrow preparations were made, and the slides were analysed for the presence of micronuclei in developing erythrocytes. Fluphenazine hydrochloride induced a significant dose-dependent increase of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes by oral administration, whereas only a marginal increase was observed at 42.50 and 63.75 mg/kg dose levels by intraperitoneal administration. Further, fluphenazine hydrochloride induced bone marrow depletion at all dose levels with oral administration only. PMID- 7266573 TI - Quantitative estimation of the extent of alkylation of DNA following treatment of mammalian cells with non-radioactive alkylating agents. AB - Alkaline sucrose sedimentation has been used to quantitate phosphotriester formation following treatment of human cells with the monofunctional alkylating agents methyl and ethyl methanesulfonate. These persistent alkaline-labile lesions are not repaired during short-term culture conditions and thus serve as a useful and precise index of the total alkylation of the DNA. Estimates of alkylation by this procedure compare favorably with direct estimates by use of labeled alkylating agents. PMID- 7266574 TI - X-ray induction of translocations in mice carrying metacentrics (Robertsonian fusions); detection of whole arm chromosome exchanges. PMID- 7266575 TI - Mutagenicity of maleic acid hydrazide for the TK locus of mouse lymphoma cells. PMID- 7266576 TI - Studies on the potential in vivo induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in rat bone marrow by resorcinol. AB - The hair-dye component resorcinol was tested for potential in vivo induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in bone-marrow cells after intraperitoneal, peroral and epicutaneous application to rats. None of the tested drug concentrations produced an increase in SCE frequencies. As a control for our test method we demonstrated dose-dependent SCE increases induced by 2 acetylaminofluorene and by 2-aminoanthracene, cytogenetic response to 2 aminoanthracene being higher in females than in males. PMID- 7266577 TI - Sister-chromatid exchange in 4 human races. PMID- 7266578 TI - Mutation induction and killing of V79 Chinese hamster cells by 8-methoxypsoralen plus near-ultraviolet light: relative effects of monoadducts and crosslinks. PMID- 7266579 TI - Environmental pollutant 5-chlorouracil is incorporated in mouse liver and testes DNA. PMID- 7266581 TI - [Tellurite sensitivity of facultatively pathogenic yeasts and their growth characteristics on Clauberg-II-agar (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266580 TI - Unusual sensitivity of two cockayne's syndrome cell strains to both UV and gamma irradiation. PMID- 7266582 TI - [Antimycotic effect of monoethanolamine applied on skin of guinea pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266583 TI - Endemic trichophyton mentagrophytes infection of rabbit origin. PMID- 7266584 TI - Histological study in Tinea capitis. PMID- 7266585 TI - Amino acids in dermatophytes under varied substrates. PMID- 7266586 TI - Prognosis in postural (orthostatic) proteinuria: forty to fifty-year follow-up of six patients after diagnosis by Thomas Addis. PMID- 7266587 TI - Clonidine-suppression test: a useful aid in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7266588 TI - Postural (orthostatic) proteinuria: no causes for concern. PMID- 7266589 TI - Serologic evidence of noninvasive nature of Staphylococcus aureus infection in the toxic-shock syndrome. PMID- 7266590 TI - Depression-induced neurologic dysfunction. PMID- 7266591 TI - Age and treatment of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 7266593 TI - Prolonged adverse effects of haloperidol in normal subjects. PMID- 7266592 TI - Asymptomatic digoxin toxicity. PMID- 7266594 TI - Cimetidine and the control of pain in chronic relapsing pancreatitis. PMID- 7266595 TI - Vitamin E therapy in homozygous beta-thalassemia. PMID- 7266596 TI - Oral cimetidine does not cause false-positive test for blood in stool. PMID- 7266597 TI - Status of patients on maintenance dialysis. PMID- 7266598 TI - Case 21-1981: mediastinal parathyroid adenoma. PMID- 7266599 TI - False-positive reactions in the counterimmunoelectrophoresis test for amebiasis. PMID- 7266600 TI - Doctors visiting China. PMID- 7266601 TI - Percutaneous catheter drainage of abdominal abscesses: a five-year experience. AB - We used computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography for detection and localization of intra-abdominal abscesses. On the basis of these images, safe routes for diagnostic aspiration and percutaneous drainage were planned. Over these routes indwelling catheters were inserted to provide immediate decompression, evacuation, and continuous drainage until the abscess resolved. All patients received concomitant intravenous antibiotics. The treatment was used for 71 abscesses in 67 patients. Sixty-one abscesses (86 per cent) were satisfactorily drained. There were 11 complications (15 per cent). Six deaths were attributable to sepsis, three of which (4 per cent) were related to inadequate drainage. There was one recurrence (1 per cent) during a follow-up period ranging from one month to five years (means, 22.3 months). The mean duration of treatment was 20.2 days (range, five to 120 days). We conclude that percutaneous drainage is an effective method for treatment of abdominal abscesses and is indicated when sectional imaging demonstrates an accessible unilocular lesion. PMID- 7266602 TI - Elective cardioversion: influence of paddle-electrode location and size on success rates and energy requirements. AB - We compared the success rates and energy requirements of two electrode-paddle positions (anteroposterior vs. anterolateral) and different paddle sizes in the elective cardioversion of atrial arrhythmias. We prospectively studied 173 patients - 111 in atrial fibrillation and 62 in atrial flutter. The anterolateral paddles used were either two standard-size (8.5-cm diameter) paddles or one 13-cm diameter anterior paddle with one standard-size lateral paddle. The anteroposterior paddles used were either a standard-size or a 13-cm anterior paddle with 12-cm posterior paddle. Overall cardioversion success rates with either paddle position were similar (greater than 90 per cent). The larger paddles did not significantly reduce energy requirements for cardioversion of either arrhythmia. We conclude that anterolateral paddles are as effective as anteroposterior paddles for the elective cardioversion of atrial arrhythmias, and that there is no demonstrable advantage to using paddles that are larger than the standard size in either position. PMID- 7266604 TI - Catheter drainage of abdominal abscesses. PMID- 7266605 TI - Violence and epilepsy. PMID- 7266606 TI - Rising death rates in the Soviet Union. PMID- 7266608 TI - Fatal cardiac arrest during continuous ambulatory monitoring. PMID- 7266603 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 38-1981. PMID- 7266607 TI - Spinal subarachnoid hematoma after lumbar puncture. PMID- 7266609 TI - Auscultatory percussion of the bladder to detect urinary retention. PMID- 7266610 TI - Cardiomyopathy associated with selenium deficiency. PMID- 7266611 TI - Use of cimetidine. PMID- 7266612 TI - M.D.-Ph.D. programs for increasing the supply of physician-scientists. PMID- 7266613 TI - Women in medicine. PMID- 7266616 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 39-1981. PMID- 7266618 TI - Central retinal-vein occlusion five days after a marathon. PMID- 7266617 TI - Biotin for neurologic disorders of uremia. PMID- 7266615 TI - Infections among patients in nursing homes: policies, prevalence, problems. AB - We performed one-day surveys in seven skilled-care nursing homes in order to evaluate their infection-control policies and to determine the prevalence of infections among their residents. Infection-control programs were not well developed at any of the home surveyed. We noted high patient-to-staff ratios, staffing by nonprofessional personnel, frequent job turnover, infrequent compensation for employee sick leave, and no general policies on immunization of patients or staff. The prevalence of infections among 532 patients was 16.2 per cent. Infected decubitus ulcers, conjunctivitis, symptomatic urinary-tract infections, and lower-respiratory tract infections were the most common types. Eight-five per cent of patients with indwelling urinary catheters had asymptomatic bacteriuria; many were colonized with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Clustering of cases of upper-respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, and specific types of bacteriuria suggested that localized out breaks of infectious occurred frequently. The high prevalence of infectious diseases and clustering of cases may reflect an increased susceptibility of patients in nursing homes to infections, high employee turnover, or lack of attention to infection-control practices. PMID- 7266614 TI - Special report. The nature of aggression during epileptic seizures. PMID- 7266620 TI - Extramedullary hematopoiesis of CNS in postpolycythemic myeloid metaplasia. PMID- 7266619 TI - Presence of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme during marathon training. PMID- 7266621 TI - Hemoglobinopathy and thalassemia in China. PMID- 7266622 TI - Cuber's thumb. PMID- 7266623 TI - Runner's radial palsy. PMID- 7266624 TI - Tobacco primer's wrist. PMID- 7266625 TI - Diagnosis of epilepsy with home video-cassette recorder. PMID- 7266626 TI - Illicit haldol. PMID- 7266627 TI - Videotape technology in the study of antiemetic drugs. PMID- 7266628 TI - The problem-oriented autopsy. PMID- 7266629 TI - Biomedical research and the marketplace. PMID- 7266630 TI - Myocardial salvage after intracoronary thrombolysis with streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Nine patients with acute myocardial infarction had cardiac catheterization and intracoronary infusions of streptokinase 2.3 to 4.3 hours (mean, 3.5) after the onset of symptoms. Occluded coronary arteries were opened within approximately 20 minutes in all patients, but reocclusion occurred in one patient. The immediate effect of thrombolysis on myocardial salvage was assessed with the intracoronary injection of thallium-201. Improved regional perfusion, indicating myocardial salvage after recanalization, was observed in seven of the nine patients. One patient, who had also sustained a nontransmural infarction one week before, had no change after thrombolysis. In the ninth patient, recanalization of a coronary artery was followed by reocclusion and worsening of the myocardial-perfusion defect. Intracoronary thallium-201 studies two weeks and three months after streptokinase infusion in two patients were unchanged in comparison with scintiscans performed 1.5 hours after thrombolysis. These short-term observations suggest that recanalization of obstructed coronary arteries after intracoronary thrombolysis can salvage jeopardized myocardium, However, evaluation of the long term effects of this procedure on survival and myocardial function will require controlled clinical trials. PMID- 7266631 TI - An index predicting relapse and need for hospitalization in patients with acute bronchial asthma. AB - In an attempt to define guidelines for the assessment of acute asthma, we evaluated 205 patients who presented to the emergency room for treatment of asthma. Of the 205, 120 were successfully treated and discharged from the emergency room, 45 were hospitalized, and 40 were treated and discharged from the emergency room but had relapses within 10 days. A predictive index using a combination of presenting factors was developed: pulse rate greater than or equal to 120 per minute, respiratory rate greater than or equal to 30 per minute, pulsus paradoxus greater than or equal to 18 mm Hg, peak expiratory flow rate less than or equal to 120 liters per minute, moderate to severe dyspnea, accessory-muscle use, and wheezing. The index ranged from 0 to 7, increasing with the severity of symptoms. The index scores of the relapse group (4.9 +/- 1.0) and the admitted group (5.1 +/- 1.0) were both significantly different (p less than 0.001) from that of the successfully treated group (1.6 +/- 1.2). An index of 4 or higher was 95 per cent accurate in predicting the risk of relapse and 96 per cent accurate in predicting the need for hospitalization. PMID- 7266632 TI - Inactivation of digoxin by the gut flora: reversal by antibiotic therapy. AB - In approximately 10 per cent of patients given digoxin, substantial conversion of the drug to cardioinactive, reduced metabolites (digoxin reduction products, or DRPs) occurs. The site and clinical importance of this conversion is unknown. In four normal volunteers taking digoxin daily for four weeks, urinary excretion of DRPs was greatest after a poorly absorbed tablet was ingested, and least after intravenous administration, Stool cultures from subjects known to make DRPs in vivo ("excretors") converted digoxin to DRPs; cultures from nonexcretors did not. Three excretors were given tablets for 22 to 29 days. A five-day course of erythromycin or tetracycline, administered after a base-line period of 10 to 17 days, markedly reduced or eliminated DRP excretion in urine and stool. Serum digoxin concentrations rose as much as twofold after antibiotics were given. We conclude that in some persons digoxin is inactivated by gastrointestinal bacteria. Changes in the enteric flora may markedly alter the state of digitalization. PMID- 7266634 TI - The Ingelfinger Rule. PMID- 7266633 TI - A survey of clinical trials of antibiotic prophylaxis in colon surgery: evidence against further use of no-treatment controls. AB - To evaluate the use of antibiotics given prophylactically of colon surgery, we examined 26 trials published from 1965 to 1980 in which patients given various antibiotic regiments were compared with controls given no antibiotic treatment. In 22 (85 per cent of these trials) antibiotics reduced postoperative wound infection (p less than 0.05 in 14). Combining the results of the trials published from 1965 to 1975 reveals a 95 per cent confidence interval from the true difference in infection rates of 14 +/- 6 per cent (36 per cent for control group vs. 22 per cent for treatment group) and the true difference in death rates of 6.7 +/- 4.4 per cent (11.2 per cent for control group vs 4.5 per cent for treatment group). Yet trials employing control groups given no treatment continue to be reported. Since the use of such controls is justified only when no effective alternative therapy exists, we believe that any further trials of antibiotic prophylaxis in colon surgery should employ a previously proved standard. However, steadily increasing efficacy of treatment means that comparisons of new therapies with standard therapies will become prohibitively expensive because of the large number of patients required. PMID- 7266635 TI - Asthma in the emergency room: assessment and treatment. PMID- 7266636 TI - A digoxin-antibiotic drug interaction. PMID- 7266637 TI - Failure of CT sharing. PMID- 7266638 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias after intravenous cimetidine. PMID- 7266639 TI - Hyperglycemia and major congenital anomalies. PMID- 7266641 TI - Placement of Swan-Ganz and pacemaker catheters. PMID- 7266640 TI - Trisalbuminemia. PMID- 7266642 TI - Toxic-shock syndrome and the diaphragm. PMID- 7266643 TI - Reduction of mortality in rural Haiti. PMID- 7266645 TI - Saving antibiotics from themselves. PMID- 7266644 TI - [Preliminary investigation of the in vitro inhibitory effect of antibiotics on algae of the genus Prototheca]. AB - We investigated the possible inhibitory action 'in vitro' by antibiotic containing discs against microscopic alga that are potential human pathogens of the genus Prototheca especially P. wickerhamii. The results indicated that inhibitors in vitro included amikacin, colistin, dibecacin, framicetin, gentamycin, kanamycin, lividomycin, neomycin, polymyxin, paromomycin, ribostamycin, sisomycin and tobramycin. We emphasize the interest in the effectiveness at these drugs in a case of human protothecosis. PMID- 7266646 TI - HLA genes, immunoglobulin genes and human disease. PMID- 7266648 TI - The expanding use of potential-sensitive dyes. PMID- 7266647 TI - Interaction of the antihypertensive drug felodipine with calmodulin. PMID- 7266649 TI - Musth in the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. PMID- 7266650 TI - Formation of ACh receptor clusters induced by positively charged latex beads. PMID- 7266651 TI - Creation of direction selectivity in adult strobe-reared cats. PMID- 7266652 TI - A second messenger required for nerve growth factor biological activity? PMID- 7266653 TI - Natural killer cells kill tumour cells at a given stage of differentiation. PMID- 7266654 TI - Oestrogen receptor levels and vitellogenin synthesis during development of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 7266655 TI - A tryptophan-containing peptide recognizes and cleaves DNA at apurinic sites. PMID- 7266656 TI - The cloning revolution meets human genetics. PMID- 7266657 TI - A gene product required for correct initiation of segmental determination in Drosophila. AB - The properties of mutations of the homoeotic gene extra sex combs (esc) indicate that the product of this gene is required early in development for correctly initiating segmental determination. Specifically, the esc+ gene product appears to be a necessary component of the process by which other homoeotic genes, such as those of the bithorax complex, are selectively turned one, or off, in particular segmental primordia. The resulting combinations of active and inactive genes established at this time then maintain the specific pathways of development followed subsequently by the different segments. PMID- 7266658 TI - Testis weight, body weight and breeding system in primates. PMID- 7266659 TI - Relative brain size and basal metabolic rate in terrestrial vertebrates. PMID- 7266660 TI - Selective loss of binocular depth perception after ablation of cat visual cortex. PMID- 7266661 TI - Selective transfer of Lucifer yellow CH from axoplasm to adaxonal glia. PMID- 7266662 TI - Killing of Mycobacterium microti by immunologically activated macrophages. PMID- 7266663 TI - Marsupials: Alternative mammals. PMID- 7266665 TI - Moving and the motion after-effect. PMID- 7266664 TI - Formation of a 2'-phosphomonoester, 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage by a novel RNA ligase in wheat germ. AB - Extracts of wheat germ contain an RNA ligase activity that catalyses the conversation of linear polyribonucleotides into covalently closed circles. The newly formed 3',5'-phosphodiester bridge is resistant to alkali and a number of ribonucleases. This unusual stability is due to the presence of a phosphoryl group esterified to the 2'-position of the 3'-nucleotide joined. This is the first demonstration of an RNA ligase in higher plants and of a natural 2' phosphomonoester, 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. PMID- 7266666 TI - Genesis of rods in teleost fish retina. PMID- 7266667 TI - Visual localization after rearrangement of retinotectal maps in fish. PMID- 7266668 TI - Tumour promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate induces chromosomal damage via indirect action. PMID- 7266670 TI - Biochemical cascades and carcinogenesis. PMID- 7266669 TI - Fluorescence photobleaching does not alter the lateral mobility of erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins. PMID- 7266671 TI - Spectacular cancer mechanism doubted. PMID- 7266672 TI - Diet-induced polyuria. PMID- 7266674 TI - Looking for genomic changes in cancer cells. PMID- 7266673 TI - Resistant cattle. PMID- 7266675 TI - Transfer-RNA, an early gene? AB - The theory of self-reproductive molecular systems involves the consequence that translation must have started from a selected distribution of RNA molecules, that comprised GC-rich sequences of a length less than 100 nucleotides. This implies a joint function of messenger and adaptor, which both had to be recruited from the same mutant distribution. The reconstruction of tRNA precursors yields such a molecule showing some reverberation of a codon pattern GNC. These findings suggest that tRNA has been the earliest component of the translation machinery. PMID- 7266676 TI - Partial cyanide inhibition of bisulfite oxidation in rodent hepatic mitochondria. PMID- 7266677 TI - Tumor stem cell cloning in agar-containing capillaries. PMID- 7266678 TI - Mouth breathing in chickens under rebreathing conditions, cervical vagotomy of heat load. AB - By recording the lower beak movement, open-mouth breathing was monitored in adult hens restrained in a supine position with the cannulated trachea under rebreathing conditions, bilateral cervical vagotomy or heat load. Tidal volume and respiratory carbon-dioxide and oxygen contents were recorded simultaneously. The beak movement can be a significant indication of hypercapnia and/or increase in respiratory CO2 content, but not of hypoxia or decrease in respiratory O2 content. Vagotomy causes big oscillatory movements of the beak, which do not mainly depend on hypercapnic hypoxia induced by the vagotomy. If the dysfunction of the vagus is aggravated progressively, it will be unable for the pattern and amplitude of beak movement to be any differential indication of this dysfunction from hypercapnia and/or increase in respiratory CO2 content seen at respiratory failure. Two patterns of beak movement are noticed. One appears at an early stage of beak movement and at a certain direct level superimposed with or without small beak-oscillation. The other indicates a bigger oscillatory beak movement than the former. This oscillatory movement is synchronous with the inspiration after vagotomy and hypercapnia. This is the case with hyperthermia at a remarkably high breathing frequency. The amplitude of beak movement is not always proportional to the tidal volume. The onset and end of inspiration cannot precisely be indicated by those of a beak movement. PMID- 7266679 TI - Effects of estrogen administration on parathyroid function in cattle. AB - Experiment was performed with 6 castrated Holstein bullocks. The animals were divided into two groups of three each, one for experiment and the other for control. The experimental group was given intramuscularly with 120 mg of estrone and 24 mg of estradiol-17 beta daily for 7 days, and the control group with the same dose of solvent without estrogens. The decreasing effect of estrogens on appetite was clearly observed after starting estrogen treatment. The secretory function of the parathyroid gland was improved and the recovery rate of plasma titratable calcium enhanced in the experimental group after ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid 2Na infusion as a functional test of the parathyroid gland. Plasma estrogen concentration was kept at the same level as than in healthy dairy cows of the late stage of pregnancy. It was suggested that those changes in calcium metabolism might be mainly due to the acceleration of bone resorption caused by the estrogen injection via the increased secretion of parathyroid hormone. PMID- 7266680 TI - Enhancement of 3H-noradrenaline overflow from cardiac sympathetic nerves by low Ca and tetraethylammonium. AB - 1. The influence of varying concentrations of Ca and tetraethylammonium (TEA) was investigated on spontaneous and stimulation-evoked overflow of 2H-noradrenaline in the isolated heart of the guinea pig. 2. Perfusion of the heart with Krebs bicarbonate solution containing 0-2.5 mM Ca does not modify the spontaneous overflow of 3H-noradrenaline. 3. Exposure of the heart to 3, 10 or 30 mM TEA for 15 min had also no significant effect on the spontaneous overflow of 3H noradrenaline. 4. A combination of low Ca (0.1-0.3 mM) and 10-30 mM TEA produced about 2- to 4-fold increase in the spontaneous overflow of 3H-noradrenaline. The response was reduced in 0 mM Ca plus 30 mM TEA. 5. 3H-noradrenaline overflow induced by 0.25 mM Ca and 30 mM TEA was abolished by prior treatment of the heart with 0.3 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX). Washout of TTX restored the response. 6. 3H noradrenaline overflow induced by low Ca and high TEA was depressed in the presence of 15 mM Mg or 1 mM lanthanum. 7. Stimulation-evoked (1 Hz for 180s) 3H noradrenaline overflow was abolished in 0.1 mM Ca medium. However, addition of 30 mM TEA to such medium not only doubled spontaneous overflow, but also that evoked by electrical stimulation was greatly facilitated (about 4-fold). 8. It is implied that sympathetic nerves develop spontaneous action potentials in low Ca medium, but not enough Ca enters to produce an overflow of 3H-noradrenaline. However, upon exposure to TEA, the duration of spontaneous action potentials is prolonged. As a result, enough Ca enters into the neurone to produce exocytotic release of 3H-noradrenaline even in the absence of electrical stimulation. PMID- 7266681 TI - Kinetic characteristics of newly synthesized 3H-5-HT in the brain of control and reserpinized mice. Evidence for the heterogeneous distribution of 5-HT in serotoninergic neurons. AB - Following an intravenous administration of 3H-tryptophan to mice, 3H-serotonin rapidly accumulated in the brain, with a maximum around the 20th min after the injection. In mice whole monoamine oxidase activity was blocked by pargyline (75 mg/kg i.p.), reserpine pretreatment (5 mg/kg, 24 h before death) did not alter the initial accumulation of 3H-5-HT indicating that the rate of 5 HT synthesis was similar in control and reserpinized animals. When monoamine oxidase was not blocked, the accumulation of 3H-5-HT was significantly lower in reserpine-treated mice than in controls. However, the specific activity of 3H-5-HT accumulated in brain was 2-3 times higher in reserpinized (45 h) than in control mice. Since neither the specific activity of the precursor 3H-tryptophan, the reuptake process for 3H-5-HT nor the absolute synthesis rate of 5-HT was altered in the brain of reserpinized mice, it is proposed that the differences observed in the specific activity of 3H-5-HT reflected the presence of 3H-5-HT in different compartments in control and reserpinized mice. Serotonin would be distributed in a "storage" and a "functional" compartments in serotoninergic neurons under normal conditions whereas only the functional compartment would exist 18-48 h after the administration of reserpine. PMID- 7266682 TI - Cerebral neuronal activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats as demonstrated by the 14C-deoxyglucose method. PMID- 7266683 TI - Uptake, accumulation and release of ouabain by isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - We investigated uptake of ouabain into isolated rat hepatocytes and release of ouabain from preloaded hepatocytes, thus assessing separately the two membrane transport steps, involved in biliary elimination of the drug. The following results were obtained: Uptake of ouabain was saturable (Km = 263 + 61 microM, V = 3.3 + 1.0 nmol/mgprot. x min), energy-dependent, sensitive to dinitrofluorobenzene and temperature-dependent (E = 80 - 96 kJ/mol). It had no pH optimum in the physiological pH-range and was independent of the extracellular cation composition. Uptake of ouabain was competitively inhibited by the cardiac glycoside digitoxin (Ki = 0.3 microM). Uptake was not inhibited in the presence of the glycosidic sugar l-rhamnose, but it was competitively inhibited by the steroid taurocholate (Ki = 6.3 microM). Ouabain was accumulated within hepatocytes 170-fold. The predominant fraction of intracellular ouabain being unbound. Release of ouabain from preloaded cells was energy-independent, independent of the Na+-concentration and not susceptible to inhibition by dinitrofluorobenzene or taurocholate. It is concluded, first that hepatocellular uptake of ouabain is mediated by a carrier for steroids and second that the pathway of release is distinct from that of uptake. We assume, that the high bile/plasma concentration-gradient of ouabain in vivo is generated during active uptake into the cell and not during release into bile. PMID- 7266685 TI - [Mucocele and exophthalmos]. PMID- 7266684 TI - Competitive inhibition of the uptake of demethylphalloin by cholic acid in isolated hepatocytes. Evidence for a transport competition rather than a binding competition. AB - Cholic acid inhibits the uptake of demethylphalloin (DMP), in a competitive manner. The bile acid increases the Michaelis constant but not Vmax of the inward transport. The inhibition constant Ki for cholate was found to be 8 microM. Cholate competes for the transport system but not for intracellular binding of phallotoxins. Various experimental data presented in this paper exclude an accumulation of phallotoxins in hepatocytes by intracellular binding only. Preincubation of hepatocytes with small concentration of either (3H) demethylphalloin or (14C)-cholate and subsequent treatment with high concentrations of the non-labelled compounds reduces the intracellular concentration of both radioactive substrates. In accordance with earlier findings the above results suggest a common component needed for the transport of both phallotoxins and cholic acid. PMID- 7266686 TI - [Results of closed vitrectomy]. PMID- 7266687 TI - [Perforation of a dermoid cyst from the ovary into the bladder]. PMID- 7266688 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid, blood platelets and the vessel wall]. PMID- 7266689 TI - [The treatment of febrile convulsions]. PMID- 7266690 TI - [It pays to have a better look]. PMID- 7266691 TI - [Idiopathic scoliosis; diagnosis and treatment in the growing child]. PMID- 7266692 TI - [Decreasing mortality of many operations]. PMID- 7266693 TI - [Nitrate content in food]. PMID- 7266694 TI - [The general psychosomatic syndrome among industrial workers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266695 TI - [Levels of vitamin B1 and B12 and of folic acid in alcoholic polyneuropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266696 TI - [Early symptoms of cerebellar atrophy in chronic alcoholics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266697 TI - [Results of clinical investigation in patients with multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266698 TI - [A case of multiple intracranial tuberculoma followed by serial computerized tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266699 TI - [Computerized axial tomography in a case of cerebral sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266700 TI - [Primary melanoblastosis of the pia-arachnoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266701 TI - [Cryptococcus neoformans. An unusual cause of basal meningitis. Case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266702 TI - The nephrotic syndrome and ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 7266703 TI - Cardiovascular disease and the nephrotic syndrome: the other side of the coin. PMID- 7266704 TI - Complement and glomerular disease - a natural history study. AB - Over a 5-year period we have performed sequential measurements of a range of complement components in 127 patients. Each had a well-characterised glomerular lesion and there was no evidence of an underlying connective tissue disorder. In 17 patients with varied histopathology, who did not have C3 nephritic factor, there was a persisting complement defect which was present during remission in the patients we were able to study. The finding of such defects is consistent with the thesis that primary complement system abnormalities predispose to the development of glomerular lesions. Interestingly, these abnormalities did not influence the prognosis of our patients. In 12 other cases without C3 nephritic factor, complement levels were below the normal range when the glomerular lesion was active but returned to it in remission; these were secondary changes. We showed by discriminant analysis that some circulating complement component levels, assessed in relation to each other and without reference to a statistically derived 'normal' range, discriminated between histological subgroups and had prognostic significance as well. These patterns could not be distinguished until the data were stored and analysed by computer. PMID- 7266706 TI - Prolactin status in chronic nephropathy in the rat. AB - Decreased specific prolactin binding to kidney membrane preparations, and an upward trend in serum prolactin levels were observed concomitantly with the onset of chronic progressive nephropathy im male rats of the OFA Sandoz SPF strain. Females of the same strain developed a less severe form of the disease at a later age, but failed to show the changes in prolactin status seen in male rats. Nephropathy in both male and female animals was associated with morphological abnormalities of a predominantly tubular nature, but was not associated with development of renal failure as indicated by serum urea and creatinine levels. Possible mechanisms for the observed alterations in prolactin status are discussed. PMID- 7266705 TI - Studies of the plasma factor which induces augmented granulocyte adherence during hemodialysis. AB - Transient granulocytopenia develops during the first few minutes of hemodialysis, and is associated with a marked increase in granulocyte adherence as the cells marginate in the pulmonary circulation. The increased adherence is mediated by factors present in the plasma, thought to be complement components activated by the dialysis coil. In the present study, an assay of plasma for adherence augmenting activity shows that it is maximal at 15 min after starting dialysis, and undetectable at 40 min. The factor is not affected by heating to 56 degrees C for 30 min, or by incubation at 37 degrees C for 7 days, nor does dialysis for 24 h against physiologic saline diminish its activity. However, exposure to pH 6.0 reduces the activity to 58.4% of control, and pH 5.0 reduces it to 40.1%. Finally, pretreatment of patients with prednisone before hemodialysis does not prevent granulocytopenia or increased adherence. These findings are discussed in relation to the known properties of various biologically active fragments of complement. PMID- 7266707 TI - Glomerulotubular balance in hypertensive rats. AB - The relationship between glomerulotubular balance and the development of hypertension was studied in subtotally nephrectomized rats, with or without previous chronic salt loading, 1-4 weeks after the operation. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was similarly reduced in all the groups as compared to control rats. The maximal glucose reabsorption (TmGlc) was also decreased in all experimental groups with the sole exception of saline-loaded hypertensive rats in which the fall did not reach the significance level. The ratio TmGlc/Ccr, which was taken as an index of glomerulotubular balance, was high in the hypertensive groups and further enhanced by saline loading. Peak values of TmGlc/Ccr were detected in the 1st week after operation and declined thereafter reaching normal levels in the hypertensive rats but not in the hypertensive saline-loaded animals. Results suggest that an early glomerulotubular imbalance is some way related to the development of hypertension in subtotally nephrectomized rats. This abnormality is apparently corrected by the counterbalancing effect of increased renal perfusion pressure but can be unmasked by saline loading. PMID- 7266708 TI - Electrocardiographic changes following dialysis. AB - We investigated electrocardiographic changes occurring after hemodialysis in 20 male patients with chronic renal failure. Changes in the configuration of T wave, ST segment and R wave consistent with ischemia were found in 30, 45, and 75%, respectively. Contrary to prior speculation the R wave height did not vary with the volume changes of body fluid occurring in dialysis. It is concluded that ischemic-appearing changes of uncertain significance are common in the postdialysis population. PMID- 7266709 TI - Carbamazepine poisoning: treatment by hemoperfusion. PMID- 7266710 TI - Pathophysiology of renal hemodynamics. AB - The high blood flow rate/gram of kidney tissue supplies mainly the renal cortex. The net effect of the interaction of the renin-angiotensin system, the kallikrein kinin system and prostaglandins is to autoregulate renal blood flow within a narrow range. Drugs and neurogenic factors also influence renal hemodynamics. The renal circulation responds to changes in extracellular fluid volume, and in cardiac output. Renal ischemia occurs readily as these parameters decrease and prompt correction of circulatory dynamics can restore renal blood flow and prevent tubular necrosis. With hypovolemia or heart failure, angiotensin II is a mediator of efferent arteriolar constriction promoting a proportionately greater fall in renal plasma flow than in glomerular filtration rate, thereby augmenting sodium reabsorption. With renal failure, glomerulotubular balance is affected conversely promoting sodium loss. Appreciating these distinctions allows recognition of inappropriate sodium retention or loss. With such data, prognosis can be estimated more accurately and attempts to restore circulatory dynamics can be guided. PMID- 7266711 TI - Multiple use of dialysers: an Australian view. AB - Multiple uses of dialyzers has been studied in a single hospital and by survey of all Australian dialysis units. An annual saving of $84,000 was achieved in a 46 patient unit. No significant patient morbidity or mortality occurred. In Australia 43% of all haemodialysis patients are on a multiple use regime. The 1 year patient cumulative survival for units with a reuse policy is 92.8% and for those with a single use of policy is 87.1%. Anti-N-like antibodies are being found in low but increasing frequency as the reuse program continues. PMID- 7266712 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Impact on management of patients with end-stage renal disease. AB - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis has been demonstrated to be a successful dialysis therapy for those patients who are emotionally, socially, and intellectually capable of safely performing the self-dialysis technique. Rapid expansion of the procedure, modification of the technique to reduce the incidence of peritonitis, development of experienced personnel and adequate funding by the government can serve to increase the home dialysis population, save tax dollars and free patients from the requirement of machine dialysis. PMID- 7266714 TI - Ribonuclease activity in renal failure. Evidence for toxicity. AB - Ribonuclease isolated from human urine is a glucoprotein of molecular weight 33,000. The purified enzyme inhibits: (1) the stimulation of 3H-thymidine uptake into lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed, and concanavalin A; (2) the growth of pancreatic fibroblastoid cells in in vitro cell culture, and (3) the growth of colonies in bone marrow cell cultures. Ribonuclease levels in the uremic patient vary from 9,500 to 35,000 U/ml (normal 1,041 +/- 247). Serum ribonuclease levels are unaffected by dialytic procedures. It is suggested that the ribonuclease glycoprotein may represent a large number of nondialyzable high molecular weight uremic 'toxins'. PMID- 7266713 TI - Correlation between glutamate deamination and glutamine deamidation in rat kidney mitochondria. AB - Intramitochondrial glutamate removal through deamination may regulate renal ammoniagenesis from glutamine. However, little information is available to determine if there is a strong association between glutamine deamidation and the removal within mitochondria of the glutamate subsequently formed after deamidation. Using rat renal mitochondria, we found that ammonia production, glutamate appearance, and amide nitrogen disappearance were near equal aerobically and anerobically, when no ADP-generating system was present. When an ADP-generating system was added (ATP alone, ATP+ malonate, or ATP+2,4 DNP), more ammonia was formed aerobically from glutamine. Additionally, less glutamate appeared even though more amide nitrogen disappeared. Intramitochondrial concentrations of glutamate decreased. When pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate were added to the system, ammoniagenesis, deamidation, and deamination decreased; while glutamate built up in both the medium and mitochondria. In our mitochondrial system, we found a significantly positive correlation between glutamate deamination and glutamine deamidation, between glutamate accumulation and intramitochondrial glutamate concentrations; and a significantly negative correlation between glutamate deamination and glutamate accumulation, between glutamine deamidation and intramitochondrial glutamate concentrations, and between glutamate deamination and glutamate accumulation. We conclude that there is a biochemical relationship between glutamine deamidation and deamination of the glutamate subsequently formed. We propose that increased deamination lowers mitochondrial concentrations of glutamate and increases deamidation. In contrast, slowing deamination increases mitochondrial concentrations of glutamate and decreases deamidation. PMID- 7266715 TI - Carbohydrates and renal failure--a glance backwards. PMID- 7266716 TI - Immunopathologic study of minimal change glomerular disease with mesangial IgM deposits. AB - Renal biopsies from 21 patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and mesangial IgM deposits were investigated by means of fluorescence, light and electron microscopy; elution of tissue-bound antibody; and fixation of heterologous (guinea pig) complement. In 12 patients complement and IgM deposits were associated and, in 4 of these, electron dense deposits conforming to immune complexes were detected in mesangia. Antibody elution and heterologous complement fixation studies in tissues suggested that such immune reactants may represent interaction of complement-fixing antibody and antigen. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to determine the clinical relevance of IgM deposits in minimal change nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7266717 TI - Plasma catecholamine response to postural stimulation in normotensive and dialysis hypotension-prone uremic patients. AB - The neurosympathetic responsiveness of two groups of uremics, each group treated for the same mean time by dialysis, categorized as normotensive, mean age 28.3 +/ (SE) 3 years, or dialysis hypotension-prone, mean age 49.6 +/- 5 years, was studied by determining plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine before and after postural activation of the sympathetic reflex arc. The study was performed on an interdialysis day and repeated 20 min before and after a regular dialysis on the following day. Standing caused norepinephrine to rise significantly in both the normotensive and the hypotension-prone groups and to a similar extent as in a control nonuremic group. Blood pressure did not change and the heart rate increased significantly. Plasma norepinephrine before dialysis 24 h later behaved in the same way, but both blood pressure and heart rate were unchanged. After dialysis, in spite of the usual increase in norepinephrine after standing, patients in the hypotension-prone group became hypotensive. These results suggest that there is a normal sympathetic responsiveness in uremics whatever their propensity for intradialysis hypotension. Moreover, dialysis does not seem to have an acute effect on the neurosympathetic response to a hypotensive stimulus. Dialysis-dependent hypotension, which appears to be more frequent in older subjects, probably reflects an impairment of the vasoconstrictor response of the vascular wall acutely induced by dialysis itself. PMID- 7266718 TI - End-stage reflux nephropathy. AB - Gross vesico-ureteric reflux is the essential pathogenetic factor in the etiology of the small, scarred kidney of non-obstructive, chronic pyelonephritis (reflux nephropathy). 18 (12.5%) of 144 patients entering a dialysis-transplant programme had end-stage reflux nephropathy. The majority of patients initially presented with severely impaired renal function, hypertension and significant proteinuria. Documented urinary tract infections had only occurred in one-third of the patients. 8 of the 12 women presented during a pregnancy, usually with a presentation resembling toxaemia of pregnancy. Reflux nephropathy is a significant cause of end-stage chronic renal failure. PMID- 7266719 TI - In vivo studies of dialysis-related endotoxemia and bacteremia. AB - The transfer of bacteria and endotoxin and the development of fever was monitored during hemodialysis of dogs. Bacterial and endotoxin levels in dialysis fluids exceeded those reportedly associated with pyrogenic reactions, and bacteria-free dialysate filtrates administered intravenously were shown to be pyrogenic in 2 of 2 dogs. During 18 hollow-fiber dialyses, neither bacteria nor endotoxin, as measured in the Limulus lysate assay (LLA), was detected in venous and arterial blood samples. Body temperatures did not increase during or within 1/2 h after dialysis. In experiments with parallel dialyzers, contaminated dialysate was simultaneously ultrafiltered into the second blood compartment. Ultrafiltrates were unreactive in the LLA and the absence of pyrogens was confirmed with the pyrogen test, USP, in five of five experiments. This investigation suggests that the intact cellophane membrane of the hollow-fiber dialyzer is an effective barrier to endotoxin and bacteria. PMID- 7266720 TI - Acute interstitial nephritis due to amoxicillin therapy. AB - Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) has been reported in association with therapy with a number of drugs. We report a patient who developed drug-related AIN while receiving intravenous amoxicillin therapy. The patient developed rash, secondary temperature elevation, and eosinophilia in association with nonoliguric renal failure. Renal biopsy showed evidence for AIN and the renal failure was responsive to corticosteroid therapy. AIN may occur in patients receiving any drug of the penicillin class. This reversible form of acute renal failure must not be overlooked in patients with other forms of renal disease. PMID- 7266721 TI - The investigation of the relationship between whole blood potassium concentration and hematocrit in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. AB - The correlation between whole blood potassium (K) concentration and hematocrit (Ht) was investigated in chronically dialyzed uremics with a broad range of Ht. This correlation was found to be represented by a curve and its form was derived by the manipulation of the formula concerning the inverse relationship between erythrocyte K concentration and Ht. These findings show that in dialyzed patients the whole blood K concentration can be correctly predicted from any Ht value, despite their wide range of plasma K concentration. PMID- 7266722 TI - Membranous nephropathy: further evidence against the involvement of renal tubular epithelial antigen. PMID- 7266723 TI - Antithrombin-III and platelets in haemodialysis patients. AB - Plasma antithrombin-III (AT-III) levels in 18 patients on maintenance haemodialysis were studied. AT-III was measured functionally and immunologically before and after dialysis. Simultaneous counts of platelets were made. Prior to dialysis the average AT-III levels and platelet counts were found to be within the lower part of the normal range. On paired analysis the dialysis was seen to induce small, but significant decreases in AT-III levels and platelet counts. A positive linear correlation was found between levels of functionally and immunologically determined AT-III. Replacement of the intravenous application of heparin with an administration of low-dose, subcutaneous heparin is suggested. PMID- 7266724 TI - Ascorbate-cyanide test on red blood cells in uremia: effect of guanidinopropionic acid. AB - Red blood cells (RBC) of uremic or control subjects have been exposed to an oxidative stress by ascorbate and cyanide. The spectrophotometric determination of the sulfhemoglobin production has been used as a reliable method for the measurement of the hexose monophosphate shunt. The sulfhemoglobin production by RBC was significantly higher in uremic than in control subjects. Uremic plasma increased this production in uremic as well as in control RBC while control plasma was ineffective under the same conditions. In vitro the guanidinopropionic acid had the same toxic effect on normal RBC. These results suggest that the abnormal sulfhemoglobin production by uremic RBC might be due to an increased plasma concentration of guanidinopropionic acid in uremia. PMID- 7266725 TI - A case of congenital nephrotic syndrome. AB - This case of congenital nephrotic syndrome is not easy to classify. Treatment with usually effective doses of cyclophosphamide and prednisolone was unsuccessful, whereas a treatment with gammaglobulin was concomitant with a decrease in the frequency of infections, improvement of the nephrotic syndrome, growth, psychomotor development and bone maturation. Electron microscopy shows basal membrane abnormalities not yet described. PMID- 7266727 TI - Erythrocyte insulin receptors in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7266726 TI - Severe head trauma and acute renal failure. AB - We dialyzed 6 patients who developed acute renal failure after severe head trauma. 2 patients died relatively quickly (within 2 weeks) without regaining renal function. 4 patients regained renal function, but 2 died in approximately 1 month. The other 2 survived long-term in a vegetative state for 2 and 3 years, respectively. The 2 patients who died earliest had associated severe abdominal trauma and were both hemodialyzed. 3 of the 4 patients who regained renal function were peritoneally dialyzed. The 2 longest survivors had less frontal lobe involvement. Trauma followed by acute renal failure has an extremely dismal prognosis, and the head-traumatized patient carries the worst prognosis of this group. Peritoneal dialysis, preferably the new method of slow continuous peritoneal dialysis, is probably the best method of treating these patients. The decision whether to treat at all should be made early in the course based on clinical neurological criteria, ignoring the renal failure as a predictor of outcome. PMID- 7266728 TI - Transformation of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis to membranous nephritis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Transformation of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis to membranous nephropathy 10 years later, in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, is reported. The original biopsy showed diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with epithelial crescent formation, 'wire loop' thickening of the capillary walls and moderately severe interstitial inflammation. Electron microscopy showed large subendothelial electron-dense deposits. Following treatment with a combination of prednisone and azathioprine for 2 years the 24-hour urine protein decreased from 8.8 g to 300 mg. In September, 1979, she again developed facial and pedal edema. With the exception of proteinuria of 6.0 g/24 h, the renal function remained normal. Repeat renal biopsy showed membranous glomerulopathy. On electron microscopy, electron-dense deposits were predominantly in a subepithelial position. The significance of the original biopsy as a predictor of eventual outcome and of sequential biopsies to the clinical management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is discussed. PMID- 7266729 TI - The importance of degassing the hollow fiber artificial kidney (HFAK) for multiple reuse. PMID- 7266730 TI - Brain cholinergic dysfunction and memory in aged rats. AB - Age related alterations in mnemonic ability and in the functional status of muscarinic receptors were evaluated and compared to biochemical measures of pre and post-synaptic cholinergic functioning. Retention of a single trial passive avoidance task was considerably disturbed as a function of aging. The functional status of muscarinic receptors, as measured by the ability of microiontophoretically applied acetylcholine to stimulate the firing of hippocampal pyramidal cells, was similarly disturbed in aged rats. A small, but significant decrease in muscarinic receptors was detected in the dorsal hippocampi of these same aged rats, while choline acetyltransferase activity did not change. When considered with prior psychopharmacological studies, these data suggest that specific muscarinic receptor impairments may play a critical role in the memory disturbances associated with old age. PMID- 7266731 TI - Choline chloride effects on memory in the elderly. AB - Choline chloride (2 g QID) and placebo were administered to 10 subjects over age 60 in a placebo-drug placebo design. Subjects first took placebo for 7 days, followed by choline for 21 days and finally took placebo for another 21 days. Memory tests were given at the end of both placebo periods and twice during choline administration. Choline did not significantly affect performance on a test of memory storage, a test of retrieval from memory or on the digit span test. In addition, a correlational analysis showed that the difference between memory performance during choline administration and during placebo administration was not significantly related to baseline memory performance. These results, together with results of previous studies indicate that choline is not an effective agent for improving memory in nondemented elderly patients. PMID- 7266732 TI - Senescent changes in a neurobiological model system: cerebellar Purkinje cell electrophysiology and correlative anatomy. AB - A within-subjects design was used to assess age changes in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Four groups of naive male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 3, 10, 20, and 28 months. underwent single cell recording for electrophysiological assessment of Purkinje cell firing patterns, followed by perfusion for glyoxylic acid induced catecholamine fluorescence. Cerebellar sections were photographed first by fluorescence microscope for catecholamines, and 2-3 weeks later for quantification of lipofuscin autofluorescence. Finally, these same tissues were treated with cresyl violet and photographed a third time to permit quantitative estimates of age changes in the number of Nissl staining Purkinje neurons. Electrophysiological studies revealed significant effect of age on a number of Purkinje cell firing parameters: in particular, increasing numbers of aberrant, very slow-firing cells were encountered in older animals. These cells showed normal climbing fiber mediated burst activity, but spontaneous simple spike firing rates 3-5 times less than normal. Rats exhibiting the highest numbers of such abnormal cells also exhibited the poorest Nissl staining. Conversely, good Nissl staining of Purkinje neurons in an old rat was a reliable predictor of relatively normal Purkinje cell firing. Lipofuscin was found to accumulate measurably in Purkinje neurons by 20 months of age, and to increase significantly thereafter. Deposition of the substance occurred almost exclusively at the apical pole of the soma. Our data suggest, however, that accumulation of lipofuscin in Purkinje neurons, as well as its reported accumulation in the inferior olive, is not a primary cause of electrophysiological dysfunction. There was no apparent age change in glyoxylic acid induced catecholamine fluorescence nor, in separate pharmacological studies, could any senescent alteration in cerebellar catecholamine levels be found. PMID- 7266733 TI - Aging, memory, and the cholinergic system: a study of dichotic listening. AB - Impairment of cholinergic neural function has been proposed as a cause of memory and cognitive (M/C) disorders of the aged since with cholinergic blockade young subjects show the M/C pattern of the elderly. To validate this hypothesis, we compared the performance of young normal subjects, young scopolamine-treated subjects, and aged subjects, using a different type of behavioral task, a dichotic listening test, which primarily measures neural channel capacity. With simultaneous dichotic presentation, undrugged young subjects reported both messages correctly in 35% of trials. Aged subjects scored double-correct responses in only 19% of trials, a highly significant difference (p less than 0.001). Following treatment with 1.0 mg scopolamine, young subjects also scored double correct responses in only 19% of trials, a highly significant reduction from their undrugged performance (p less than 0.01), but virtually the same as that of normal aged subjects. Similar findings were obtained with a staggered dichotic presentation. These results extend the observation that cholinergic blockade in young subjects reproduces the pattern of M/C decline of the aged; thus providing further for the hypothesis that this decline may result from impaired function in cholinergic neurons. The neurobiologic implications of cholinergic impairment are discussed. PMID- 7266734 TI - Localization of cellular changes within multimodal sensory regions in aged monkey brain: possible implications for age-related cognitive loss. AB - Young (4 to 7 years) and aged (18 to 28 years) rhesus monkeys were sacrificed and various neuromorphometric analyses performed to determine age differences in gross topography, cell population and patterns of cellular degeneration. Two brain regions implicated for their role in age-related cognitive disturbances, the hippocampus and the gyri bordering the principal sulcus in the frontal cortex were selected for these comparisons. Reliable morphometric differences between age groups were observed in both neural areas. One significant difference observed in the hippocampus was a reduced mean depth of the pyramidal layer of the CA-1 zone in the aged monkeys. Also, the mean number of neurons per transverse section in the CA-1 zone of the pyramidal layer was significantly less in the aged monkeys, and in certain instances cell gaps were observed in this region. In the lateral principal gyrus of the frontal cortex, the number of neurons in full-depth "cores" was lower in the old monkeys, glial count was higher and the ratio of neurons to neuroglia, therefore, lower in the older monkeys. Further, the mean area of the principal gyri, measured planimetrically from the apex of the medial gyrus to that of the lateral gyrus was significantly smaller in the aged monkeys. These findings indicate that significant age dependent cellular differences occur in brain areas thought to be functionally involved in the particular cognitive behaviors most severely impaired in aged monkeys. These differences in brain morphology may, therefore, help provide some leads into the types of neurological changes contributing to the severe cognitive disorders suffered by the elderly. PMID- 7266735 TI - Vasopressin and conditioned flavor aversion in aged rats. AB - The effect of lysine vasopressin on the performance of young-adult and old rats subjected to a conditioned flavor aversion procedure was studied. Young rats maintained an aversion to a 0.1% saccharin solution significantly longer than did older rats. Treatment with lysine vasopressin ( 1 microgram/kg) during the recovery period prolonged the aversion in both age groups. A single injection of lysine vasopressin prior to the aversion procedure significantly reduced the age difference in extinction. These observations support the hypothesis that age dependent changes in endogenous vasopressin synthesis or secretion underlie some of the behavioral deficits observed in old animals. PMID- 7266737 TI - Computed tomography evaluations of brain-behavior relationships in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. AB - Neuropathological investigations have demonstrated brain-behavior relationships in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT), but CT studies have not produced consistent findings. We hypothesized that these discouraging results were in part due to limitations in the methods of CT scan evaluations, and to non homogeneity of patient populations. The present study examined 43 out-patients with the presumptive diagnosis of SDAT using 37 cognitive test measures and 3 independent CT evaluation strategies. The CT methods included a new rank ordering procedure and two previously used techniques, physical measurement and 4-point rating. Highly significant (p less than or equal to 0.01) brain-behavior correlations were attained using the ranking and rating procedures for evaluation of ventricular and cortical pathology. It was found that rank ordering has high interrater reliability and is superior to the other methods for the evaluation of the ventricular system. The physical measurement of the third ventricle is the single most powerful linear correlate of cognitive impairment. Measurement of cortical sulci are of no correlational significance. Multiple regression analyses indicated that global assessments are the best cognitive predictors of both ventricular and cortical pathology. Thus the present study has demonstrated brain behavior relationships in vivo in SDAT. PMID- 7266736 TI - Age-related alterations in the rodent brain cholinergic system and behavior. AB - Pre- and postsynaptic cholinergic markers were studied in various brain regions of mice and rats aged 6 to 30 months in an attempt to determine whether alterations in this transmitter system occur during the normal aging process. Reliable decreases in cholinergic receptor binding and choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity were found in the cerebral cortex and corpus striatum. These alterations in the cholinergic system were typically more consistent and robust than changes involving glutamic acid decarboxylase, and enzyme marker for GABA neurons. No statistically significant changes in any markers were found in the hippocampus of either species. Significant age-related changes in retention of passive avoidance learning and locomotor activity were also observed in these same animals. These findings demonstrate that changes in the cholinergic system occur naturally in aged mice and rats and that both the loss of cholinergic receptors and decrease in cat activity may contribute to the motor and mental impairments that often accompany old age. PMID- 7266738 TI - Magnitude estimates of amino acids for young and elderly subjects. AB - Serial dilutions of twenty-three amino acids were presented to young and elderly subjects who rated the relative intensities of the dilutions using the magnitude estimation procedure. In each case the slope of the psychophysical function relating concentration and perceived intensity was flatter for the elderly subjects: the mean ratio (slope (young)/slope (elderly)) was 2.55. This result could be due to an age-related decline in gustatory apparatus or associated central areas as well as memory loss and decline in performance often found in the elderly. No conclusive relationships between the slopes of the psychophysical functions were found with chemical structure, taste quality, or solubility. PMID- 7266739 TI - Nuclear envelope invaginations in hamster pyramidal cells during development and aging. AB - Nuclear envelope invaginations were observed in pyramidal cell nuclei of the hamster frontal cortex during development and aging. These invaginations which began to appear at 10 day did not recede at maturity as has been observed in certain other cell types, but persisted in the adult hamster and during subsequent aging. Morphometric data showed a significant increase in the number of nuclear envelope invaginations and in their length per unit of the nucleus. This increase was positively correlated with age until 500 days and is suggestive of a continued high metabolic activity that did not subside following the rapid growth phase of the pyramidal neurons. PMID- 7266740 TI - Neuron numbers in locus coeruleus do not change with age in Fisher 344 rat. AB - Counts of neurons in locus coeruleus of Fisher 344 rats of ages from 12 to 32 months showed no loss with advancing age. Species comparisons of age changes in locus coeruleus neuron counts and measures of catecholamine systems suggested that the human and nonhuman primate locus coeruleus shows age changes and seen in rodent locus coeruleus. It is suggested that although rodent models of human aging have value under some circumstances, rodent and primate brain should not be considered equivalent with regard to phenomena related to noradrenergic mechanisms. PMID- 7266741 TI - The effect of hypoxia on monoamine levels in discrete regions of aged rat brain. AB - Aged rats were exposed to 10% oxygen for 1, 13, and 36 hr. Norepinephrine levels in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, midbrain, cerebellum, pons-medulla and dopamine levels in striatum were determined after each exposure. While there was no significant change in monoamine levels in brain regions after 2 hr, norepinephrine concentration in hypothalamus and midbrain decreased significantly after 13 hr of hypoxia. After 36 hr in a hypoxic environment, levels of the monoamines in brain regions were similar to the controls. This would suggest NE metabolism is most vulnerable to hypoxia in two regions of the aged brain. The precise mechanism of these changes is unknown, but they suggest both a vulnerability and an adaptive recovery of central adrenergic metabolism by the aged brain under hypoxia. PMID- 7266742 TI - Central amine metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: in vivo relationship to cognitive deficit. AB - Levels of the amine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were measured in the cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid of drug-free patients with Alzheimer's disease and compared to levels in a group of controls. No significant differences were found in CSF HVA and MHPG, although the Alzheimer's group was severely demented. Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme kinetics were measured and did not differ between controls and Alzheimer patients. The degree of dementia did not show any significant correlation with the levels of HVA or MHPG. It was concluded that, unlike previous reports in the literature, the dementia of Alzheimer's disease was not related to changes in central catecholamine metabolism nor was it associated with increased platelet MAO activity. PMID- 7266743 TI - Morphological changes in the cerebellar cortex of aging Macaca nemestrina. AB - The cerebellar cortices in 4, 10 and 20 year of Macaca nemestrina have been examined for the number of Purkinje (P) and granule cells and the deposition of lipofuscin in P cells in relation to aging. Lipofuscin distribution significantly increased with in the P cells in these animals. The number of P cells was significantly reduced, while there were no changes in the number of granule cells. It appears from this and other studies that the Purkinje cells are more prone to aging changes than the granule cells of the cerebellum both in lipofuscin formation and cell loss. Although the precise functional significance of these changes in P cells is not clear, their vulnerability may be related to changes in motor function in old age. PMID- 7266744 TI - Preferential accumulation of [3H] corticosterone in chick brain during embryonic development. AB - In the present study, we examined the distribution of [3H]corticosterone ([3H]B) in chick embryonic brain during development using two different routes of administration: intracerebral and intraocular. After injection of 1 microCi into the brain of 8-day embryos, [3H]B was preferentially accumulated in the retinas, whereas regions such as cerebral hemispheres, optic tecta, and midbrain showed lower amounts of [3H]B. In 14-day embryos, a slightly higher amount of [3H]B was found in retinas and midbrain in comparison with other regions of the brain. After injection into the eye, [3H]B seemed to easily diffuse to brain regions and toe preferentially accumulate in the opposite eye and very slowly diffused to other brain areas. The accumulation of the hormone in the retina parallels the presence of hormone receptors reported by others. A correlation between the preferential accumulation of hormone and its action is proposed. PMID- 7266745 TI - Release of radiolabeled dopamine, p-tyramine, and m-tyramine from rat striatal slices by some aminotetralins. AB - The effect of several 2-aminotetralins (2ATs) on the uptake and release of [14C] dopamine and [2H]m- or [3H]p-tyramine by rat striatal slices was examined. 6,7 Dihydroxy-2AT (6,7OHAT) and 5,6-dihydroxy-2-methyl-AT (5,6OHMeAT) were the most potent uptake inhibitors as well as the most potent releasers of the three labeled amines. The 5-, 6-, and 7-hydroxy-2-N, N-dipropyl-ATs (5-, 6-, and 7OHdiPrAT) and 5,6-dihydroxy-2-N,N-dipropyl-AT (5,6OHdiPrAT) significantly inhibited the uptakes of the three labeled amines, but they released only the tyramines. The dipropyl substitutions of a 2AT appeared to confer a tyraminergic specificity to its release properties. To verify this supposition, 2AT was compared to 2-N,N-dipropyl-AT (diPrAT). Although 2AT released both [3H]p-tyramine and [14C]dopamine, diPrAT released only [3H]p-tyramine. None of the compounds, however, differentiated between m- and p-tyramine. It was concluded that the release of tyramines could be implicated in the actions of some of the 2ATs and that the tyramines can be transported independently from dopamine. PMID- 7266746 TI - Diurnal levels of polyamines and activities of ornithine and S-adenosyl-L methionine decarboxylases in mouse brain. AB - The levels of putrescine and spermine in mouse brain were rather constant at different times of day, as were the activities of ornithine and S-adenosyl-L methionine decarboxylases. Contrary to an earlier report, the level of spermidine was found to be relatively constant. A possibly significant feature in the present results was the steady decline during the light period and rise during darkness of cerebral spermidine and spermine levels, the differences between maximum and minimum being about 15% for both compounds. PMID- 7266748 TI - Biological effects of bovine glia maturation factor on glial cells in culture. AB - Optimal bioassay conditions for bovine glia maturation factor (GMF) were determined among glial cells from normal glioblasts to glioma cells. Rat glioblasts 4-8 days after subculture show the highest response t GMF with regard to morphological transformation and mitogenic activity. Bovine GMF enhances DNA synthesis of rat glioblasts at 12 h after stimulation; maximum incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine was detected at 18 h. GMF increases twofold the saturation density of rat glioblasts but does not alter that of C6 astrocytoma cells. The apparent inhibition of mitogenic activity of high doses of GMF is seen in both normal and malignant glial cells. PMID- 7266749 TI - Clozapine inhibition of metenkephalin binding to synaptosome-enriched fractions of rat whole brain and hippocampus. AB - Clozapine has been found to inhibit the binding of [3H]met-enkephalin to synaptosome-enriched fractions prepared from rat whole brain and hippocampus in a Tris-buffered media without added ions. The IC50 value for hippocampus is 28.5 microM. The inhibition constant for whole brain (41.0 microM) was found to be slightly larger than the corresponding value for chlorpromazine, which was measured under similar experimental conditions. PMID- 7266747 TI - Comparison of synaptosomal and glial uptake of pipecolic acid and GABA in rat brain. AB - The active uptake of [3H]pipecolic acid increased with incubation time and its uptake at 3 min was half of that at 20 min. On the other hand, a ratio (pellet/medium) of [3H]pipecolic acid uptake into glial cell-enriched fractions, was much less (0.4 - 0.6) than that of [14C]GABA (25.8 - 74.1). GABA, 10(-4) M, and pipecolic acid, 10(-4) M, produced a significant inhibitor of [3H]pipecolic acid uptake into P2 fractions. Pipecolic acid, 10(-4) M, significantly reduced the synaptosomal and glial uptake of [14C]GABA. GABA, 10(-4) M, affected neither spontaneous nor high K+-induced release of [3H]pipecolic acid from brain slices. It is suggested that pipecolic acid is involved in either synaptic transmission or in its modulation at GABA synapses in the central nervous system. PMID- 7266750 TI - Transport of 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose in microvessels isolated from bovine cerebral cortex. AB - Microvessels were isolated from a bovine cortex and the transport of glucose was investigated by using 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose (2-DG). The apparent Km for 2-DG transport was 118 microM and therefore indicates a significant high affinity for the substrate. The inhibition of 2-DG uptake by D-glucose showed an apparent Ki of 222 microM. Other sugars, e.g., 3-methyl-D glucose and D-fructose, also inhibited the 2-DG uptake by 60.6 and 36.0%, respectively. Phloretin (1 X 10(-3) M) inhibited the 2-DG transport more than phlorizin (83.7 vs. 53.8%). Ouabain (1 and 5 X 10(-4) M) did not inhibit the uptake of 2-DG but 2,4-dinitrophenol (1 X 10(-4) M) did (78.0%). The uptake of 2-DG could not be demonstrated in homogenized microvessels. Adenine nucleotides (conc. 2 mM) had various effects on the 2-DG uptake by microvessels. ATP inhibited the uptake by 20.7%, ADP was virtually without effect, and AMP stimulated the uptake of 2-DG by 8.5%. It was also found that the decrease of adenylate energy charge favors the uptake of 2 DG. All these findings suggest that, in cerebral microvessels of a bovine cortex, 2-DG is apparently transported by a specific, carrier-mediated transport system. PMID- 7266751 TI - [International system of units in laboratory diagnosis]. PMID- 7266752 TI - [Clinico-electroencephalographic correlates in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]. AB - The authors studied 30 cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in various stages of the disease. The group comprised 28 children with a mean age of 7.8 years and 2 adults ages 22.5 years on the average, who were in remission. Apart from characteristic EEG findings with rhythmic seizure activity typical of this disease, in several cases other patterns were observed connected with the phase of the disease: in phase II with changes resembling hypsarrhythmia, in phase III generalized slowing down of the rhythm without discharges. Gradual disappearance of discharges with progression of the disease was observed. The authors discuss the possible pathological mechanism of EEG changes and their evolution. PMID- 7266753 TI - [Inositol in the cerebrospinal fluid in various nervous system diseases]. AB - The authors studied the changes of inositol concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid in 97 neurological patients. The highest values were found in cases of chronic ischalgia or brachial plexus painful syndromes and in multiple sclerosis, and the lowest ones in patients with generalized epileptic seizures. Intermediate values were observed in cases of headaches of different aetiology, in painful spinal syndromes without radiological changes, epidemic vertigo and craniocerebral injuries with brain commotion. PMID- 7266754 TI - [Selected psychological studies in Horton's headache]. AB - Thirty-one patients with Horton's headaches and a control group of 31 healthy subjects were investigated by means of the 16-factor personality Questionnaire of R. B. Cattell. The group of 31 patients were investigated additionally with the tests of Benton, Bender and the Intelligence Scale Wechsler-Bellevue. Personality questionnaires demonstrated in patients with Horton's headaches a fairly high intensity of factors G and Q4 (frustration of lower needs blocked by higher needs). No changes were found which could suggest presence of cerebral microlesions in the group with Horton's headaches. In the tests for intellectual efficiency the mean results pointed to a slightly above average general intelligence level in patients with Horton's neuralgia and reduced ability of memory, concentration and learning speed. PMID- 7266756 TI - [Intravascular embolization by the so-called balloonization method in the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations]. AB - The authors describe the method of baloonization used in the treatment of intracranial vascular anomalies. The method was used in the treatment of 7 cases with these anomalies in a period from 1979 up to now. For the procedure patients were qualified after angiography. In 4 cases this investigation showed presence of carotid-cavernous fistula which developed in 3 cases after trauma and in one cases spontaneously. In another 3 patients arteriovenous angioma was diagnosed, in 2 of them the malformation was situation in the cerebral hemisphere and in one in the coverings of the skull. In only one cases the general condition of the patient was severe before the procedure. In 5 cases the procedure was performed under local anaesthesia puncturing directly the common carotid artery, while in two other cases the carotid artery was exposed surgically. Catheters with baloons used for the procedure were made in the centre where the authors were working. Early therapeutic results were estimated on the basis of angiography performed after the end of the procedure. In 4 patients with carotid-cavernous fistulas the abnormal communication was closed with baloons filled with autopolymerising substances, in 2 of these cases the blood flow through the internal carotid artery to the brain was preserved after the procedure. In the group of patients with arteriovenous angiomas cure was obtained in one case (reported), improvement in another, and the third patient remained unimproved. Late results were estimated after 2 - 8 months of follow up. The condition of the patient was evaluated by control outpatient examination which showed that in 6 cases it was satisfactory and in one unchanged. The method is simple and effective, especially in cases of carotid-cavernous fistula, and safe since no complications were observed. The method should be regarded as treatment of choice when the usual surgical intervention is dangerous. PMID- 7266755 TI - [Value of myeloscintigraphy in the evaluation of patency of the spinal canal]. AB - The authors carried out 66 myeloscintigraphies in 66 patients suspected of having compressing lesions of the spinal cord. In 32 cases the obtained results agreed with the results of contrast myelography which was carried out in 38 patients, and in 22 cases these results were confirmed by operations. In the remaining cases contrast myelography was abandoned in view of unequivocal results of myeloscintigraphy and conservative treatment was started. On the basis of a comparative analysis the authors stated that myeloscintigraphy is safer than contrast myelography, less troublesome for the patient and eliminates the risk connected with contrast medium remaining in the subarachnoideal space. There are practically no contraindications to its use even in outpatients, and it could even be used for screening patients with suspected spinal cord compression. Myeloscintigraphy makes possible the diagnosis of spinal tumours, arachnoideal adhesions and meningocele. In cases of nucleus pulposus prolapse the method is less reliable and less useful. For determination of the character of the pathological lesion and its relation to the spinal cord, and also in cases with doubtful results of myeloscintigraphy contrast myelography should be done. PMID- 7266757 TI - [Role of the studies of the cerebrospinal fluid and blood acid-base equilibrium for the prognosis and therapeutic management of patients with brain injuries and intracranial operations]. PMID- 7266758 TI - [2 cases of dysontogenetic tumors of the posterior cranial fossa]. AB - The authors present two cases of dysontogenetic posterior fossa tumours stressing the rarity of this location and size of these tumours and the possibility of coexistence of developmental anomalies not characteristic for such lesions. PMID- 7266760 TI - [Bilateral progressive hemiparesis: syndrome or disease. Clinical considerations]. PMID- 7266759 TI - [Case of acute traumatic subdural hematoma in the midline between cerebral hemispheres]. AB - The authors report a case of post-traumatic acute subdural haemangioma in the midline between the cerebral hemisphere. PMID- 7266761 TI - [Effect of corticosteroids on the bioelectric activity of the spinal cord]. PMID- 7266762 TI - [Juvenile fibrosarcoma of the middle fossa]. PMID- 7266763 TI - [Intraneoplastic local injection of adriamycin for the treatment of experimental brain tumor--an autoradiographic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266764 TI - [The fine structure of endothelial cells in meningiomas (author's transl)]. AB - The fine structure of the endothelial cells in meningiomas was studied by the electron microscopy. There were an increased number of pinocytotic vesicles and fenestrations especially at the attenuated portion of the endothelial cells. Intraluminal infoldings of the plasma membrane were frequently found. Those were certainly abnormal and all probably related to the increased vascular permeability of the endothelial cells. Usually large number of tubular bodies and associated tubule-containing vacuoles were found. The constituent tubules seemed identical but the various bodies differed in terms of their size, matrix, and the packing of the tubules within them. The significance of those structures is unknown. PMID- 7266765 TI - [Temporal lobe damage as pitfalls at subtemporal transtentorial approach (author's transl)]. AB - It is essential to make a proper approach to the lesion site and retract brain, thereby securing an adequate field of vision, upon performing operations on patients for lesions of deep temporal lobe and tentorium. Although subtemporal transtentorial approaches to tumors in the tentorium, pyramis and cerebellopontine angle have been described by a number of workers, further studies have to be made on temporal lobe damage as a pitfall since only a few reports have been published to date. We have therefore examined the possible factors which are responsible for temporal lobe damage and brain swelling in six cases in which subtemporal transtentorial approaches were made. We have encountered two cases of meningioma of the pyramis and tentorium growing in the middle and posterior fossa, one case each of acoustic neurinoma and trigeminal neurinoma located in the middle and posterior fossa, one case of aneurysm at a marginal branch of the superior cerebellar artery and one case of arteriovenous malformation of the deep temporal lobe. Temporal lobe damage was observed in two of these cases during operation and in post-operative CT scans. Although no particular symptoms were noted, CT scan revealed temporal lobe damage in one case. One of the main factors responsible for temporal lobe damage is cutting major veins, namely inferior cerebral vein, transverse sinus, etc. However, no damage was resulted from cutting superior petrosal sinus. Intermittent release of the brain retractor and repeated use of hyperosmotic solution including ventricular drainage are recommended for preventing temporal lobe damage. PMID- 7266767 TI - [Extracalvarial recurrence of a convexity meningioma on the resin cranioplasty plate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266766 TI - [Jugular foramen neurinoma--report of a case (author's transl)]. AB - A case of jugular foramen neurinoma was presented in detail with a review of fifty-seven cases reported in the literature. A thirty-six-year old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of tinnitus and hearing loss in the right side with vertigo. Neuro-otological examination revealed the definite sensorineural hearing loss and the disturbance of vestibular function on the right. Cranial nerve palsy was not revealed except for the right eighth nerve. Craniotomogram and axial view showed enlargement of the right jugular foramen. CT, vertebral angiogram and pneumoencephalotomogram demonstrated a space taking lesion at the right cerebellopontine angle. By suboccipital craniectomy a walnut size tumor was disclosed at the jugular foramen with total removal. However, the origin of the tumor was not confirmed. The post-operative course was uneventful and hearing loss was gradually improved. PMID- 7266768 TI - [A case of intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma--changes observed by computed tomography before and after radiotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - Intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is very rare, only 14 cases being reported in Europe and in the United States of America. Recently we experienced a case in which the follow-up indicating computed tomograms (CT) demonstrated interesting data on the radiosensitivity of this tumor. The patient, a 14-year old female was admitted to out hospital with the complaint of left hemiplegia which had gradually progressed. CT revealed an area spreading upward from the right median base of the skull and consisted of two components showing (A) a density as high as that of calcium and (B) a density higher than that of surrounding brain tissue, but much lower than that of calcium. Temporoparietal craniotomy was performed to react approximately one-half of the tumor. Histological finding revealed mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The component-A was though to be a cartilaginous tissue, and-B to be an undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue. Postoperative irradiation of 7,000 rad was initiated. The effect of radiotherapy as seen on computed tomograms is as follows, (1) decrease in the volume of the tumor by 26%, (2) decrease in density and enhancement of the area which is considered to be the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, (3) mild reduction of the area which is considered to be the cartilaginous tissue, and (4) a very high density of the entire tumor similar in degree to that of the bone one year later. These results suggested that radiotherapy is effective for this tumor. PMID- 7266769 TI - [Extra-neural metastasis of pineal germinoma promoted by shunting device--a case report and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7266770 TI - Restoration of pituitary prolactin synthesis and release by the administration of morphine to rats bearing a transplanted prolactin-secreting tumor. AB - Rats bearing transplanted prolactin-secreting tumors are known to have very high prolactin levels in the serum, reduced hypothalamic opiate concentrations, increasing hypothalamic dopamine synthesis and increased hypophyseal portal blood dopamine levels. Further, it has been shown that incubation in 3H-leucine of anterior pituitary glands from these tumor-bearing rats demonstrates a marked inhibition of 3H-prolactin synthesis and release. Using rats with the prolactin secreting tumor MtTW15, we have found that 4 days of continuous administration of either morphine sulfate 1.44 mg daily or haloperidol 0.11 mg daily using and osmotic infusion pump caused a significant increase in the synthesis and release of 3H-prolactin from incubated pituitary gland compared to untreated tumor bearing animals. Morphine may reduce hypothalamic dopamine release, whereas haloperidol is a direct dopamine receptor antagonist in achieving these effects. PMID- 7266771 TI - Changes in vasopressin concentration in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in response to hemorrhage in anesthetized dogs. AB - In the anesthetized dog, the concentrations of vasopressin (ADH) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were similar under basal conditions, and there was a highly significant positive correlation between them (r = 0.71, p less than 0.01). Although hemorrhage was capable of increasing the ADH concentration in both plasma and CSF, the threshold for the increase in plasma ADH was much lower than for the increase in the concentration of ADH in CSF. In addition, the magnitude of the increase in the concentration of ADH in plasma was considerably greater than that in CSF at a comparable degree of hemorrhage. Our results suggest that ADH released into CSF during hemorrhage may have a different origin from that released into blood. PMID- 7266773 TI - Adrenal medullary secretory response to pontine and mesencephalic stimulation in the rat. AB - Adrenal medullary secretion in response to electrical stimulation of the pons and midbrain was investigated in pentobarbital-anethetized rats. Adrenal venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for epinephrine and norepinephrine by the fluorometric method. Stimulation of the dorsolateral areas of the pons and midbrain resulted in a significant increase in epinephrine secretion with or without a significant increase in norepinephrine secretion. Most of the responsive areas were localized near the main sensory nucleus and motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. It may be suggested that in the pons and midbrain there exist central nervous system mechanisms for the regulation of the adrenal medullary secretion. PMID- 7266772 TI - Stimulation of prolactin secretion in rhesus monkeys by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a potent stimulus for prolactin (PRL) release in rats. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of VIP on PRL secretion in rhesus monkeys and to identify its site of action. Three experimental models were used: (1) intact monkeys during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle; (2) female, hypophyseal stalk-transected, ovariectomized monkeys (St-OVX), and 93) monkey pituitary tissue perifused in vitro. Initial serum concentrations of immunoreactive PRL were more than 10-fold higher for ST OVX monkeys (52.4 +/- 10.4 ng/ml, X +/- SEM; n = 6) than for intact monkeys (4. 79 +/- 1.0 ng/ml; n = 10). Intravenous administration of VIP (20 micrograms/kg body weight) induced an elevation of circulating PRL in each of the intact and ST OVX monkeys tested. On the average, VIP treatment evoked more than a 9-fold rise in serum PRL in intact monkeys (p less than 0.01) and more than a 2-fold increase in ST-OVX monkeys (p less than 0.01), while injection of vehicle alone did not affect PRL levels in either experimental group. Addition of VIP (5 x 10(-9) - 5 x 10 (-6) M) to medium perifusing monkey pituitary tissue in vitro stimulated PRL secretion both in the presence and in the absence of dopamine (2.5 x 10(-6) M). Furthermore, the in vitro potency of VIP was comparable, on a molar basis, with that of thyrotropin releasing hormone. Collectively, these results indicate that VIP is a potent stimulus for PRL secretion in monkeys which exerts its effect, at least in part, by a direct action at the pituitary level. Therefore, VIP should now be considered as a possible PRL releasing factor in primates. PMID- 7266774 TI - Vasopressin concentrations in hypophysial portal plasma: insignificant reduction following removal of the posterior pituitary gland. AB - This study was designed to determine the relative contribution of vasopressin secreting nerve terminals in the median eminence compared to those in posterior pituitary to the high concentrations of the hormone in hypophysial portal blood. Vasopressin was measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma obtained by microcannulation of individual long portal veins of 8 intact male Long-Evans rats (2.0 +/- 0.44 ng/ml SEM), and in 8 in which the posterior pituitary was removed just prior to collection (1.5 +/- 0.3 ng/ml SEM). Since there was no significant difference /p = 0.23, NS) in the concentration of vasopressin in portal plasma after removal of the posterior pituitary gland, these results suggest that the direct vasopressin pathway to the median eminence is the major source of vasopressin in portal blood of the rat. PMID- 7266775 TI - Modulation by dopamine antagonists of DNA synthesis in the pituitary gland of the male rat. AB - Pituitary DNA synthesis and serum and pituitary concentrations of prolactin were measured in male rats given the dopamine antagonist haloperidol or pimozide, and the dopamine agonist bromocriptine. Increased DNA synthesis was observed 25h after a single injection of haloperidol and on each day of the 5-day period of pimozide administration. Haloperidol and pimozide increased serum prolactin levels. Pituitary prolactin concentrations fell 12h after haloperidol, recovering b6 24h, and 24 and 48h after pimozide, recovering by 72 h. Bromocriptine lowered pituitary DNA synthesis and serum prolactin levels and induced a transient rise in pituitary prolactin concentrations. The results indicate that dopamine agonists and antagonists modulate DNA synthesis in the pituitary gland of the rat. PMID- 7266776 TI - Increased nucleotide catabolism after cerebral convulsions. AB - Cardiazol induced seizures in rabbits showed that the highest oxypurine concentrations can be detected in the CSF 1 hour after the convulsions. There is a sharp decline continuing until the third hour. After that the CSF values remain nearly constant until the 24th hour being about ten times higher than in the controls. There is a good correlation of these results obtained through the densitometric thin-layer, enzymatic-oxymetric, and HPLC-methods. Creatinine and potassium were raised only during the first two hours postconvulsively. Uracil appeared in the CSF slightly higher at the 1 hour and at the 12 and 24 hour values. A parallel increase of the oxypurine and creatinine concentrations was found in the serum between 30 to 120 minutes postconvulsively. After that the raised serum values decreased slowly to the initial values. CSF samples were examined in 31 children postconvulsively: Hypoxanthine was found to be raised in 8 of 12 patients with severe grand mal seizures, 1 of 6 patients with hypsarrhythmia, 1 of 8 patients with short seizures (less than 2 min) and in all 5 patients with petit mal status. In contrast to these groups the hypoxanthine concentrations was raised only in 2 of 20 children with aseptic meningitis. The difference between the group of children with convulsions and the group of children with aseptic meningitis is significant (p less than 0.005). Also, the frequency of raised uric acid concentration is higher in the group of children with convulsions (70%) than in the group of children with aseptic meningitis (40%); (p less than 0.05). PMID- 7266777 TI - A study of brain development in low-birth-weight infants by computerized tomography. AB - Follow up study was conducted by brain CT scans on fullterm and premature infants for a period of 3 years following birth. The results were: 1. Low density areas were observed symmetrically in the frontal region in premature infants for 3 to 4 months after birth. However, they disappeared after 44 weeks of postconceptional age irrespective of either gestational age or birth weight. 2. At 40 to 56 weeks postconceptional age extracerebral space was most frequently found. The extracerebral space was found to exist longer in proportion to the shortness of gestational age and to a lower birth weight. 3. Some infants in the group who showed definite extracerebral space required persistent artificial ventilation for a long period. This may indicate that could exist a relationship between the occurrence of this particular space and hypoxia. 4. We consider that the extracerebral space in CT scan can be a useful parameter to assess the process of brain growth in premature infants. PMID- 7266778 TI - Neurological disease in a child with carnosinase deficiency. AB - Carnosinase deficiency presented as a progressive neurological problem with sensory polyneuropathy in a 12-year-old male. Carnosinuria was present, even on a meat-free diet, although carnosinemia was not observed. An increased amount of unmetabolized carnosine was found in the urine after a carnosine load. Serum and tissue (liver and nerve) from the patient showed deficient carnosinase activity (Fleisher et al. 1978, 1980). Morphometric and fine structural studies on the nerve and skin biopsies are presented, as is a review of the literature on carnosinase deficiency in mentally retarded patients. PMID- 7266780 TI - What is the CT appearance of subdural effusions in children? How are subdural effusions differentiated from widening of the subarachnoid space either secondary to atrophy or to increased pressure within the subarachnoid space? PMID- 7266781 TI - Differentiation of small bifrontal low density areas in CT of young children -- a problem to solve. Reply to R. D. Snyder. PMID- 7266782 TI - The effects of various anesthetics on amygdaloid kindled seizures. PMID- 7266783 TI - Potentiation of barbiturate hypnosis by probenecid: differential effect in tolerant animals. PMID- 7266779 TI - Joubert syndrome: clinical and polygraphic observations in a further case. AB - To our knowledge, only 10 cases of Joubert syndrome have been published so far. In this paper, we describe the clinical, radiological (computerized tomography) and polygraphic findings in an additional patient. The female presented here is the product of consanguineous parents and a sibling of a previously reported infant. In addition to the well-known episodic tachypnea in an awake state, representing the clinical hallmark of this syndrome, this child also had bouts of tachypnea while asleep. Interestingly enough, these were confined only to non-REM sleep. PMID- 7266784 TI - Tolerance to the discriminative stimulus properties of d-amphetamine. PMID- 7266785 TI - Single or repeated administration of small doses of apomorphine on water intake and activity in water-deprived rats. PMID- 7266786 TI - Influence of a chronic new potential antidepressant, 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] 5-methyl-3-phenyl-1H-indazole(FS32) and its N-desmethylated compound(FS97): treatment on monoaminergic receptor sensitivity in the rat brain. PMID- 7266787 TI - Cortical control of neurally mediated arrhythmogenic properties of desacetyllanatoside C. PMID- 7266788 TI - Effects of morphine and chlordiazepoxide on avoidance behaviour in two inbred strains of mice. PMID- 7266789 TI - Extracranial-intracranial bypass in the elderly. AB - The symptoms and signs of cerebrovascular insufficiency occur more frequently in the elderly population. It has often been assumed that individuals over 65 years of age are poor surgical candidates and that, therefore, prophylactic procedures should be withheld. The author reviews his experience with 25 elderly patients who had evidence of cerebrovascular insufficiency and lesions that were inaccessible to standard extracranial vascular surgical techniques. In this series, there were no deaths and there was only one neurological complication, which was a hypertensive hematoma that occurred during the immediate postoperative period. The only patient whose postoperative hospitalization was longer than 7 days was the individual who had the intracerebral hematoma. All patients with surgical temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomoses underwent angiography immediately after operation, and all of these bypass grafts were found to be patent. Extracranial-intracranial bypass grafting seems to be well tolerated by elderly individuals, with minimal morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7266790 TI - Significance of the so-called absorptive reserve in communicating hydrocephalus: a preliminary report. AB - Twelve patients with communicating hydrocephalus were studied with a servocontrolled lumbar infusion technique to measure net cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorptive capacity and resting pressure. Each patient showed a significant absorptive reserve; the rate of CSF absorption exceeded the rate of formation over a physiological range of pressure. The size of the ventricles did not correlate with either the absorptive capacity or the resting pressure parameter, or both. The data suggest that communicating hydrocephalus does not reflect a simple imbalance between the rates of CSF formation and absorption. Other factors must be of etiological importance and are considered in the discussion. PMID- 7266791 TI - Metrizamide computed tomographic cisternography for the diagnosis of occult lesions of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis in children. AB - In children, hypothalamic-hypophyseal syndromes such as diabetes insipidus, precocious puberty, growth retardation, and panhypopituitarism can be due either to structural lesions or to functional disorders of the cerebral endocrine complex. When clinical and endocrinological parameters fail to distinguish between these etiologies, neuroradiographical diagnosis becomes extremely important. Although conventional intravenously enhanced computed tomography (IVCT) is satisfactory for the diagnosis of lesions larger than 1 cm, metrizamide CT cisternography (MCTC) greatly improves the diagnostic yield for smaller juxtapituitary masses in the suprasellar cistern, clearly defines their sizes and relationships with contiguous structures, and definitively confirms the diagnosis of empty sella syndrome. Six patients with endocrinopathies and normal or ambiguous IVCT findings are presented to illustrate how MCTC can influence their management and outcome without the patient discomfort and technical complexity associated with pneumoencephalography. PMID- 7266792 TI - Traumatic subdural hygroma. AB - The authors report a series of 80 cases of traumatic subdural hygroma and discuss the clinical and radiological features, management, surgical results, and pathogenesis. Changes in mental status without focal signs of brain damage were noted in over 50% of the cases. A clinical course marked by stabilization without complete recovery of neurological function was found in over 40% of the cases of "simple hygroma." The lumbar cerebrospinal fluid often showed hemorrhage and elevation of the protein content. Skull fractures were found in 39% of the cases, and subdural hygromas were associated with cerebral atrophy, cortical contusions, subdural hematomas, and overlying epidural hematomas. The characteristic angiographic and computed tomographic scan findings are discussed, as are surgical pathology and outcome. Several theories of pathogenesis are presented. The authors advocate simple burr hole drainage as the treatment of choice. Significant reaccumulation may occur occasionally. PMID- 7266793 TI - Emergency twist drill trephination. AB - We have used the rapid progression of post-traumatic uncal herniation in spite of intensive medical therapy as the indication for twist drill trephination in the emergency department. During a 54-month period, 51 trephinations were performed on 41 patients. The trephine was placed through the temporal bone ipsilateral to the dilated pupil, and the dura mater was opened to allow partial evacuation of the hematoma. All patients subsequently underwent craniotomy, autopsy, and/or cerebral computed tomography (CT). The trephination was diagnostically accurate for the absence or presence of an extracerebral hematoma in 42 of 51 trephinations (82%). In 6 of these cases the dilated pupil responded to partial hematoma evacuation by decreasing in size. In 3 of the 6 there was a marked overall improvement in neurological status subsequent to trephination. These 3 patients later recovered to an independent functional state. Only 23 of these 41 patients (56%) with herniation profiles actually had significant extracerebral hematomas. This fact emphasizes the inadvisability of taking this type of patient directly to the operating room without a diagnostic study. A rapidly performed CT scan is the obvious first choice. However, if there is any delay in obtaining this study or when uncal herniation occurs rapidly, a twist drill trephination can be of value in diagnosing the absence or presence of a treatable extracerebral hematoma. There were no complications related to this procedure in this group. PMID- 7266794 TI - Management of fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spite. AB - Eleven cases of fracture or fracture/dislocation of the thoracolumbar or lumbar spine were studied to determine the effectiveness of three methods of management of the injuries. Ten of the patients had a neurological deficit as well as a spinal injury. All cases were studied by computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the injury site before and after treatment. CT scanning was found to be superior to linear tomography in determining the degree of canal compromise by bone at the injury site. Eight patients underwent operation, with the aims of achieving spinal stability in unstable injuries and of decompressing neural structures. These 8 patients had received Harrington distraction instrumentation (HDI) as an initial procedure. In those patients with fracture/dislocations from flexion rotation injuries and canal compromise resulting from bony malalignment, reduction of the fracture/dislocation by HDI resulted in stabilization of the spine and increase of the open canal area at the injury site. However, in those patients with canal compromise resulting from bursting fractures with retropulsed bone fragments, HDI did not reduce in bone fragments. Removal of the anterior vertebral body and the bone fragments, however, did result in significant improvement of the canal dimensions. A poor correlation was found between the degree of canal compromise as measured by the CT scanner and the resulting neurological deficit. Reasons for this are presented. Six of the 10 neurologically compromised patients, including 2 patients with stable bursting injuries and retropulsed bone fragments treated conservatively, had improved one grade on Frankel's classification by 3 months after injury. The rate and degree of recovery were not related to the degree of canal decompression achieved at operation. PMID- 7266795 TI - Protective effect of pentobarbital on ischemic brain cell nuclei. AB - Cerebral ischemia occurs not only as a primary event but also as an important secondary phenomenon in many forms of brain insult. Many therapeutic regimens have been used empirically to combat various insults to the brain, and the barbiturates have received much attention lately. The present study demonstrates that pentobarbital administered before the onset of global ischemia ameliorates sodium and potassium loses from brain cell nuclei, which may be important in the etiology of the cell swelling seen in this model. Evidence is presented that this protective effect may occur through an energy-dependent, cooperative process. PMID- 7266796 TI - Balloon tamponade of the pharynx in transnasophenoidal operations: technical note. AB - The authors present a new technique for tamponade of the nasopharynx after the performance of a transnasophenoidal approach to the hypophysis. This technique consists of placing a Foley balloon catheter in each nasal cavity, extending to the nasopharynx. The position of the balloons and the adequacy of the amount of radiopaque substance used to fill them is determined with x-ray films or a television image intensifier. Among the advantages of the method over tamponade with Vaseline-covered gauze are: (a) better tamponade; (b) the possibility of testing the position and volume of tamponade; (c) the absence of trauma to the nasopharyngeal mucosa upon removal of the catheters after deflation of the balloons; (d) the availability of two airways for respiration in addition to the mouth; and (e) the absence of blood gas alterations and infections. PMID- 7266797 TI - Delayed complications of craniocerebral trauma: case report. AB - A young man incurred a head injury with transiently impaired consciousness, multiple skull fractures, and monocular blindness. After 3 weeks he developed an intracerebral hemorrhage, which resolved without operative intervention. One week later he presented with massive epistaxis from a traumatic aneurysm of the right cavernous carotid artery, which extended into the sphenoid sinus. This was treated successfully by gradual occlusion of the carotid artery. Theories of the pathogenesis of these lesions as well as the rationale for treatment are discussed. PMID- 7266798 TI - Intraventricular tension pneumocephalus as a complication of paranasal sinus surgery: case report. PMID- 7266799 TI - Primary meningeal myxochondrosarcoma presenting as a cerebellar mass: case report. PMID- 7266800 TI - Chromophobe pituitary adenoma: excessive fibrous tissue component in three patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7266802 TI - Management of clotted aneurysm of the vein of Galen. PMID- 7266801 TI - Surgical removal of a hemangioma of the pineal region in a 4-week-old infant. PMID- 7266803 TI - Treatment of bobble-head doll syndrome by transcallosal cystectomy. PMID- 7266804 TI - Neurenteric cyst: case report and literature review. PMID- 7266805 TI - Spinal subdural hematoma associated with anticoagulant therapy in a patient with spinal meningioma. AB - A case of spontaneous subdural hematoma in the cervicothoracic region associated with a small meningioma in a patient on anticoagulant therapy is presented. The neurological complications of anticoagulant therapy are discussed briefly. Progressive neurological deterioration in a patient on anticoagulant therapy should prompt the performance of an emergency myelogram and a possible laminectomy in spite of the potential risks of these procedures. Intraspinal bleeding occurs more frequently in the form of an epidural hematoma, but the clinical presentation may not allow differentiation from a subdural hematoma. The possible causal relation between the asymptomatic spinal meningioma, the anticoagulant therapy, and the formation of the subdural hematoma is discussed. PMID- 7266807 TI - Regionalization: not yes or no, but how much. PMID- 7266806 TI - Complex atlas fracture with posterior dislocation of one lateral mass. PMID- 7266809 TI - Overall management of ruptured aneurysm: comparison of early and late operation. AB - The overall management results with 61 consecutive patients admitted within 3 days of subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm were analyzed. During the course of this study, the preferred method of management shifted from late surgery (planned at least 7 days after the last hemorrhage) to early surgery (within 4 days of the last hemorrhage). Ten moribund patients were excluded from analysis, leaving 24 in the late group and 27 in the early group. Both groups had comparable patient demographic characteristics and neurological conditions, and their care was supervised by one neurosurgeon (N.F.K.). A microsurgical intracranial operation was performed on all patients who survived long enough to have surgery. The intraoperative conditions and complications were similar for the two groups. The average length of follow-up was 11 months in the late and 9 months in the early group. The overall management results for the late group showed a 42% favorable outcome, a 17% unfavorable outcome, and a 42% mortality. The early group had an 81% favorable outcome, a 7% unfavorable outcome, and an 11% mortality. Patients in both good and poor conditions fared better in the early group. Seven late group patients rebled, compared to none in the early group. The number of medical complications, the length of hospitalization, and the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm were all greater in the late group. Vasospasm in the early group occurred only postoperatively and, with the aneurysms secured, was treated more aggressively and successfully with hypertensive/hypervolemic therapy than the predominantly operative vasospasm in the late group. PMID- 7266808 TI - Comparison of percutaneous radiofrequency gangliolysis and microvascular decompression for the surgical management of tic douloureux. AB - Forty-two patients with tic douloureux underwent posterior fossa craniectomy and microvascular decompression (MVD) or partial rhizotomy of the trigeminal nerve and were followed an average of 25 months after operation. Thirty-six patients were found to have anatomical distortions of the nerve by an artery, vein, bony prominence, or a combination of factors, and 30 patients (83%) of this groups hav remained pain-free postoperatively. Six patients had no discernible pathological condition at the time of operation and underwent partial trigeminal rhizotomy. No patient underwent repeated MVD or rhizotomy, although 4 patients whose pain recurred after MVD underwent rhizotomy at a second operation. Eight of the 10 patients treated by rhizotomy are currently pain-free. The overall success rate of the entire group is 90%; 2% experienced a complication, and there was 1 perioperative death. Seventy-eight patients with tic douloureux who underwent 92 percutaneous radiofrequency trigeminal gangliolysis (PRTG) procedures were evaluated on average of 56 months postoperatively. Sixty-eight per cent of these patients when evaluated 1 year postoperatively were pain-free. However, only 35% of the PRTG procedures resulted in continued pain relief 5 years after operation. Twelve of the 78 patients (15%) required repeat gangliolysis because of recurrent tic pain. Considering all 78 patients treated with 92 PRTG procedures, 64% were pain-free at follow-up examination. PRTG was associated wtih an 8% risk of complications, which included anesthesia dolorosa, corneal anesthesia with keratitis, and significant facial paresthesias. Both PRTG and MVD have advantages. MVD should be considered because: (a) it attacks what is believed to be the primary etiology of tic douloureux, (b) the trigeminal nerve is preserved, (c) postoperative pain relief dose not depend upon the production of sensory deficit, and (d) it may have a greater potential for producing long-lasting pain relief. However, PRTG has other advantages: (a) it avoids the risks of craniectomy, (b) it is repeated easily if tic pain recurs, (c) morbidity is minimal and there is essentially no risk of mortality, and (d) it is much less expensive. PMID- 7266810 TI - Multiple meningiomas evaluated by computed tomography. AB - There were 15 cases of multiple meningiomas in a consecutive series of 168 cases of meningioma studied by computed tomography during the last 5 years. This incidence of 8.9% is significantly higher than the 1 to 3% incidence reported previously. A brief clinical survey of the 15 cases and a description of the location of the meningiomas as demonstrated by computed tomography are presented. The possible cause of the higher incidence and various theories of the etiology of multiple meningiomas are explored. PMID- 7266811 TI - Rationale for prophylactic antibiotics and neurosurgery. AB - A program of antimicrobial prophylaxis for neurosurgical patients was implemented at three community hospitals after review of the previously recorded cases of postoperative sepsis and the antibiotic sensitivity of the prevailing pathogen, Staphylococcus. No primary wound infections occurred in a series of 1000 consecutive operations. The rational basis for prophylactic antibiotics is discussed. PMID- 7266813 TI - Jejunoileal bypass: a reversible cause of dementia. AB - Neurological complications consisting of recent memory loss, visuospatial disorientation, and poor concentration disabled three patients years after a jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. The metabolic evaluation and computed tomography gave normal results. The neurological dysfunction cleared completely after reconstitution of normal intestinal anatomy. Neurological recovery was documented by formal neuropsychological testing. PMID- 7266814 TI - Intraspinal localization of the somatosensory evoked potential. AB - Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) are used widely for monitoring neurophysiological function in experimental spinal injury. Yet the spinal pathways for SEP conduction remain unclear. Consequently, we sought to define specific changes in the SEP after interruption of selected spinal pathways. We activated cortical SEPs with sciatic nerve stimulation in 11 anesthetized (25 mg of pentobarbital per kg) cats after a multilevel thoracic laminectomy. The most consistent wave from component was an initial positivity (IP) at a 17- to 19-ms onset latency. We then used a Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator to interrupt specific spinal pathways. A unilateral dorsal column lesion abolished the ipsilateral IP, but did not affect conduction in the contralateral column. Bilateral dorsal column lesions obliterated the IP, but sometimes left some longer latency components. Interruption of all but the ventral columns abolished the SEPs. When we interrupted all spinal pathways but the dorsal columns, an intact IP remained. In fact, a distinct IP was conducted through a single dorsal column after the division of all other spinal cord pathways. We concluded that, in the barbiturate-anesthetized cat: (a) the most consistent SEP wave form is an initial positivity at a 17- to 19-ms onset latency, (b) the integrity of the dorsal columns is both necessary and sufficient to conduct a normal-appearing IP component of the SEP, (c) the lateral columns may carry some longer latency component of the SEP, (d) the ventral columns carry no component of the SEP, and (e) bilateral recording may be useful for detecting asymmetry of injury. PMID- 7266812 TI - Pathogenesis and prophylaxis of postlaminectomy deformity of the spine after multiple level laminectomy: difference between children and adults. AB - The pathogenesis of postlaminectomy spinal deformity and instability in children was evaluated by reviewing appropriate roentgenographic findings. First, we reviewed spine roentgenograms of patients below 40 years of age who underwent spinal fusion for deformity and instability of the spine developing after a multiple level laminectomy. Two types of deformity were recognized on the roentgenograms: increased mobility between the vertebral bodies and wedging deformity of the ventral aspect of the vertebral bodies. Second, we did a follow up study of another group of patients who had undergone laminectomy. We found the same two types of deformity in children, but not in adult patients. The incidence of deformity was higher after laminectomies of the cervical or cervicothoracic region than after lumbar laminectomies. Our data suggest that postlaminectomy spinal deformity can develop in children without irradiation or facet injury. The deformity is due to a wedging change in the cartilaginous portion of the vertebral body and to the viscoelasticity of ligaments in children. When treatment of this complication becomes necessary, anterior fusion may be effective in arresting progression. Prophylactic measures against the development of deformity are discussed. Our hypothesis concerning the mechanism of development of this complication supports the rationale of osteoplastic laminar resection and reconstruction instead of laminectomy, particularly in the management of children. PMID- 7266815 TI - Flow-regulated continuous spinal drainage: technical note with case report. AB - A new method for continuous external drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the treatment of CSF fistulas is described. In this system, CSF is withdrawn continuously from the lumbar subarachnoid space at a controlled flow rate calculated to be slightly less than the natural absorption rate of CSF. Controlled spinal drainage can be achieved using equipment readily available in most intensive care units. This system was developed to prevent pneumocephalus during CSF drainage, as illustrated in the case presentation. PMID- 7266816 TI - Transcranial enucleation for optic nerve tumor. AB - Tumors involving both the eye and the optic nerve present a special surgical problem. Conventional enucleation techniques neither permit the surgical exploration of the optic nerve nor assure the complete removal of tumor within the orbit, and they often involve transection through tumor-containing tissue. Transcranial enucleation permits the inspection of the tumor from the back of the globe to the chiasm and its en bloc removal. PMID- 7266817 TI - Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma. AB - Intracerebral hematomas producing chronic neurological disability are reported rarely. Two cases of chronic intracerebral hematoma are described. Each case was associated with a thick, fibrous capsule found histologically to arise from an occult vascular malformation. When such encapsulation is discovered surgically, a vascular anomaly must be suspected. PMID- 7266818 TI - Post-traumatic occlusion of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery. AB - Intracranial occlusion of the internal carotid artery secondary to minor head or neck injury is uncommon. We report the case of an 18-year-old man who sustained a minor head and neck injury during a fist fight and developed a left hemiparesis resulting from thrombosis of the supraclinoid portion of the right internal carotid artery. Conservative inpatient treatment with low dose heparin and aspirin resulted in a gradual, steady improvement. Two months later, after an intensive program of physical therapy, the patient showed good progress; his facial weakness had lessened and his left hemiparesis was mild. Although there is no ideal treatment for internal carotid artery occlusion secondary to minor trauma, conservative treatment should be undertaken unless there are progressive or recurring ischemic symptoms, in which case an extracranial-intracranial bypass operation should be considered. PMID- 7266819 TI - Segmental arachnoiditis after posterior fossa operation: differentiation from metastatic tumor deposit. AB - A 16-year-old boy was noted to have an apparent intradural sacral mass 6 weeks after the excision of a 4th ventricle ependymoma. Although spinal axis radiation was considered, it was decided to make a definitive tissue diagnosis. At sacral laminectomy, only segmental arachnoiditis was found. The implications of this finding are the subject of this case report. PMID- 7266821 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Iran. PMID- 7266820 TI - Cerebellar hemorrhage complicating cervical laminectomy. AB - A case of cerebellar hemorrhage complicating the postoperative course of a patient who had undergone a cervical laminectomy in the sitting position is presented. The drop in cerebrospinal fluid pressure accompanying the procedure is thought to have had some role in the development of the hemorrhage. PMID- 7266822 TI - CSF-MHPG in depressive syndromes: basal values and imipramine-induced modifications. AB - The levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene-glycol (MHPG) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), before and after treatment with imipramine, were determined in 12 patients with endogenous depression. No significant change as observed in the whole group of patients, but patients with higher CSF-MHPG basal values showed better therapeutic results and a significant decrease of the norepinephrine catabolyte. The possible relevance of norepinephrine system imbalance to the therapeutic response to imipramine is discussed. PMID- 7266823 TI - Clinical overlap among familial subtypes of unipolar depression. AB - Unipolar depressives (n = 288) were subclassified according to family history. Depression spectrum patients (DSD; n = 104) were defined as those with first degree relatives suffering from alcoholism. Familial pure depression patients (FPDD; n = 86) were those with only depression in the immediate family, and sporadic depressive patients (SDD; n= 98) had negative family histories. An analysis was performed using index symptoms, precipitating events, and premorbid personality features. A positive family history was associated with greater premorbid personality difficulties. This pattern was highlighted when each was compared to SDD. DSD and FPDD could not be differentiated from each other. The differences between them and SDD could not be explained by the differing age distribution. Overall, the premorbid and index symptom differences were not striking enough to be clinically useful. PMID- 7266824 TI - Blood levels of S-adenosylmethionine in unmedicated schizophrenic and depressive patients. AB - S-Adenosylmethionine blood levels have been estimated by a specific radioenzymatic method in 52 schizophrenics and 12 depressives, diagnosed and subtyped according to ICD-9 and compared with 38 normal controls. Previous reports of significantly lower levels of blood SAMe in acute schizophrenics in comparison with normal subjects could not be confirmed in this study. Indeed, acute schizophrenics showed higher mean SAMe blood levels as compared both with chronic and with normal controls. No significant difference has been found comparing both schizophrenics as a whole and depressives with normal controls. This investigation aims to bring a contribution to the recently started critical revision of transmethylation hypothesis of schizophrenia. PMID- 7266825 TI - Effect of oral contraceptives on tryptophan and tyrosine availability: evidence for a possible contribution to mental depression. AB - The plasma concentrations of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, free tryptophan, and kynurenine have been determined in oral contraceptive users and comparable controls. There were no differences between progestogen users and controls in either of the biochemical measurements. The estrogen-progestogen users showed elevated plasma levels of total tryptophan and decreased levels of tyrosine. Mestranol was less potent than ethinylestradiol on the effect on plasma tyrosine. Mestranol was less potent than ethinylestradiol on the effect on plasma tyrosine. There was a clear trend that the incidence of adverse reactions was related to the decrease in tyrosine levels. The plasma ratio of tryptophan to competing amino acids was increased in the estrogen-progestogen users, whereas the ratio of tyrosine to competitors was severely decreased suggesting a decreased brain tyrosine concentration. It is suggested that a substrate-limited reduction in brain noradrenaline synthesis may contribute to the occurrence of depressive symptoms in susceptible individuals on estrogen-progestogen contraceptives. PMID- 7266826 TI - Does the incidence of age psychosis decrease? A prospective, longitudinal study of a complete population investigated during the 25-year period 1947-1972: the Lundby study. AB - 2,550 persons from a geographically delimited area in Sweden were examined and described by a team of 4 psychiatrists in 1947. Mental disorders, personality traits, social factors, etc. were recorded for all but 1% of the population. 10 and 25 years later the same persons were examined in the same way irrespective of domicile. Great efforts were made to get sufficient outside information about the living as well as the deceased persons. The incidence of age psychoses was lower in the 15-year period 1957-1972 than in the 10-year period 1947-1957. PMID- 7266827 TI - Retrograde amnesia and remote memory impairment. PMID- 7266828 TI - Deficits in retrieval of category exemplars in alcoholic Korsakoff patients. PMID- 7266829 TI - Motor aphasia: acoustic correlates of phonetic disintegration in vowels. PMID- 7266830 TI - [Visuo-constructive problems and methods of compensation. Results for 85 patients with brain lesions]. PMID- 7266831 TI - The function of inferoparietal cortex during cross-modal matching in the monkey: analysis of event-related potentials. PMID- 7266832 TI - Effects of concurrent hemisphere-specific activity on unimanual tapping rate. PMID- 7266833 TI - Lateral asymmetries for the identification of concrete and abstract Kanji. PMID- 7266834 TI - Reliability and validity of the dichotic monitoring test for language laterality. PMID- 7266835 TI - Dissociable musical processing strategies after localized brain damage. PMID- 7266836 TI - Auditory spatial deficits in the personal and extrapersonal frames of reference due to cortical lesions. PMID- 7266837 TI - Interhemispheric integration of sensory and motor functions in agenesis of the corpus callosum. PMID- 7266838 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry in callosal agenesis as revealed by dichotic listening performance. PMID- 7266839 TI - Secular variation in handedness over ninety years. PMID- 7266840 TI - Altered paw preference after unilateral 6-hydroxy-dopamine injections into lateral hypothalamus. PMID- 7266841 TI - Dichotic ear asymmetry and writing posture. PMID- 7266842 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry in lexical access and phonological encoding. PMID- 7266843 TI - The role of the right hemisphere in contextual inference. PMID- 7266844 TI - Hemispheric asymmetries in motor control of guided reaching with and without optic displacement. PMID- 7266845 TI - Effect of antiglial and antineuronal immunoglobulins on storage and recall of a consolidated skill. PMID- 7266846 TI - Effect of injury to the serotoninergic and noradrenergic brain systems on food and defensive conditioned reflexes in rats. PMID- 7266847 TI - Characteristics of evoked potentials during fine differentiation. PMID- 7266849 TI - Effect of prolonged electrical stimulation of the head of the caudate nucleus on secretory reflexes to food in dogs. PMID- 7266850 TI - A possible model of interaction between regions of the cat cerebral cortex. PMID- 7266848 TI - Individual and species interhemispheric asymmetry in animals. PMID- 7266851 TI - Recovery cycles of brain evoked potentials in rats exposed to a constant magnetic field. PMID- 7266852 TI - Antidromic action potentials as a manifestation of trace excitation. PMID- 7266853 TI - Dynamics of visual cortical and hippocampal electrical activity during prolonged immobilization. PMID- 7266854 TI - Investigation of excitatory unit responses arising at different times after application of an electrical stimulus to the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7266855 TI - Responses of visual cortical neurons to nociceptive stimulation. PMID- 7266856 TI - External acetylcholinesterase of the brain in the ontogenesis of maturely and immaturely born rodents. AB - The fraction of external acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in various divisions of the brain was studied in maturely and immaturely born rodents. It was established that in maturely born rodents (guinea pigs) the fraction of external AChE in all the investigated division of the brain is the same by the time of birth of the animals as in the adults. In immaturely born rodents (white rats), by the moment of birth the fraction of external AChE is significantly higher than in adults. As the brain matures there is a decrease in the proportion of external AChE, most pronounced in the forebrain. It is suggested and experimentally confirmed (in experiments with detergents) that the decrease in the fraction of external AChE is associated with a strengthening of the fixation of the enzyme in the membrane. PMID- 7266857 TI - Study of the structuro-catalytic peculiarities of brain acetylcholinesterase in the postnatal ontogenesis of rabbits. AB - The structuro-catalytic peculiarities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the cerebral hemisphere of newborn, month-old, and adult rabbits were investigated. In the process of individual development, no changes were detected in the structure of the active surface of the enzyme, but differences were detected in the macromolecular organization and sensitivity to allosteric ligands. A hypothesis was advanced on the complication of the structural organization of AChE during postnatal ontogenesis. providing the possibility of the finest regulation of its activity. PMID- 7266858 TI - True three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance zeugmatographic images of a human brain. AB - A three-dimensional image of a preserved human brain, resolved into cubical 0.03 cm3 volume resonance (NMR) zeugmatography, using a two-stage represent concentrations of water and other liquids or liquid-like substances. The image has been displayed as computer-generated multiple transverse, coronal and sagittal sections, so as to display most clearly a number of anatomical features. The potential of this technique in physiological research and clinical practice is discussed. PMID- 7266859 TI - The calibre of cerebral arteries of the rat studied by carotid angiography: a model system for studying the aetiology of human cerebral arterial constriction after aneurysmal rupture. AB - Rupture of human cerebral arterial aneurysms is followed by prolonged cerebral arterial constriction; there is evidence that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from such patients contains vasoconstrictor substances which may cause the arterial constriction. The aim of this study was to develop a small animal model for investigating the effects of such CSF on the calibre of cerebral vessels in situ. Carotid angiography of the cerebral arteries of the rat visualizes the internal carotid, middle cerebral, anterior cerebral and stapedial arteries plus the vertebrobasilar system. Prostacyclin was injected during carotid catheterisation to prevent spontaneous and random occlusion of these cerebral arteries; in the presence of prostacyclin there was no arterial occlusion for up to 5 h. The resolution achieved by the angiographic technique, which magnified the cerebral circulations 2.9 times, was sufficient to measure the diameter of the internal carotid and stapedial arteries of the rat. Intracarotid infusion of 1.0 ml CSF collected from patients with ruptured cerebral arterial aneurysms caused a rapidly developing contraction of cerebral arteries lasting up to 5 h. Thus, we consider that the rat may also be used as a model for investigating the aetiology of human cerebral arterial constriction after aneurysmal rupture. PMID- 7266860 TI - Computer tomographic findings of intracranial gliosis. AB - The clinical and computer tomographic (CT) findings in eight patients with pathological evidence of cerebral gliosis and analyzed. CT findings do not permit differentiation of gliosis from other neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. PMID- 7266861 TI - Multiple meningiomas. Clinical and computer tomographic observations. AB - The same histological types of tumor are found in multiple as in solitary meningiomas. Multiple meningiomas cannot be considered in every case to be a forme fruste of von Recklinghausen's disease. The incidence of multiple meningiomas in this paper is higher than had been reported before the introduction of computer tomography (CT) into clinical practice. The number of tumor nodes is determined more accurately by CT than by angiography because tumors are detected in patients without neurological deficit. CT has limitations in the verification of small meningioma nodules near the base of the skull and in the differentiation of multiple meningiomas from meningeal meningiomatosis or primary meningeal sarcomatosis. PMID- 7266862 TI - Varied CT appearance of aneurysms of the vein of Galen in infancy. AB - An aneurysm of the vein of Galen can have a varied CT appearance in infancy. The classical picture is a spherical posterior third ventricular mass with the density of circulating blood contiguous with a dilated straight sinus and with uniform contrast enhancement. With varying degrees of thrombosis of the aneurysm which may occur in late infancy, the mass can change in density and the dilated straight sinus disappear. With total thrombosis, a precontrast hyperdense rim develops with a low density. The rim enhances but the low density center does not change with contrast infusion. Our experience in three patients with this spectrum of CT findings will be demonstrated and correlated with clinical findings and angiography. PMID- 7266863 TI - Extensive cerebral calcification in hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 7266865 TI - Fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery. AB - Three cases of angiographically demonstrated fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery are reported. Fenestration occurred at the medial half of the horizontal segment of the anterior cerebral artery in all cases. Its embryology and clinical significance are briefly discussed, and the anatomical and radiological literature on fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery is reviewed. PMID- 7266864 TI - Abdominal pseudocysts as a complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt. A report of two cases. AB - The preoperative diagnosis of abdominal cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst, in association with ventriculoperitoneal shunts, was made in two patients. Computed tomography and/or ultrasound and radiologicol procedures of choice to demonstrate and localize these cysts. PMID- 7266867 TI - Demonstration of two non-communicating intramedullary cystic tumors by intracystic injection of metrizamide. PMID- 7266866 TI - The changing angiographic appearance of an arteriovenous malformation after subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - The changing angiographic appearance of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) illustrated hemodynamic changes that can occur following subarachnoid hemorrhage and antifibrinolytic therapy. Decreased size of this lesion suggested thrombosis of the AVM. This appearance actually represented a transient, vasospastic phenomenon which reversed with time. Although the AVM underwent significant changes acutely, little changed in the long term. PMID- 7266868 TI - Hadju-Cheney syndrome. Report of a non-familial case. AB - The case of a 24-year-old man with Hadju-Cheney syndrome is reported. No similar disease occurred in his family. Inverted and bullous tips of fingers were noted at age 9 and protruded occipital bone at age 10. He complained on left facial spasm and facial tics for 1 year. Examination revealed a man of short stature, with a brachycephalic skull and hypertelorism. Radiologically there was an extreme degree of basilar impression with the basal angle of 180 degrees, demineralized spinal vertebrae, and acro-osteolysis. Both bone and CT scans demonstrated the abnormalities of the skull clearly. The basilar artery ran almost horizontally on angiography. He gradually deteriorated neurologically with bulbar, pyramidal and cerebellar signs and symptoms. Review of the literature revealed at least ten non-familial and nine familial cases of this disorder. It is considered that this syndrome is a genetically determined generalized dysplastic bone disorder. PMID- 7266869 TI - Neuroethology deserves more study of evoked responses. PMID- 7266870 TI - Responses of lateral reticular neurons to sinusoidal rotation of neck in the decerebrate cat. PMID- 7266872 TI - Effect of kainic acid on ultrastructure and gamma-aminobutyrate-related circuits in the optic tectum of the goldfish. PMID- 7266871 TI - Electrographic, clinical and pathological alterations following systemic administration of kainic acid, bicuculline or pentetrazole: metabolic mapping using the deoxyglucose method with special reference to the pathology of epilepsy. PMID- 7266873 TI - Electron microscopic findings on Mauthner cell cap dendrites in rainbow trout. PMID- 7266874 TI - Differential effects of sodium-free media on gamma-aminobutyrate and muscimol evoked conductance increases recorded from lobster muscle fibres. PMID- 7266875 TI - The effect of ventilation with different concentrations of oxygen upon the synaptic vesicle density in nerve endings of the cat carotid body. PMID- 7266876 TI - Mouse somatosensory cortex: alterations in the barrelfield following receptor injury at different early postnatal ages. PMID- 7266877 TI - Basal ganglia and other afferent projections to the peribrachial region in the rat: a study using retrograde and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 7266879 TI - Basal ganglia projections to the brain stem in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus as demonstrated by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 7266880 TI - Retinotectal reorganization in goldfish-III. Effect of thyroxine. PMID- 7266878 TI - Projections of the paleostriatum upon the midbrain tegmentum in the pigeon. PMID- 7266881 TI - Afferent projections to the preoptic area and hypothalamic regions in the rat brain. PMID- 7266882 TI - Incorporation of labelled galactose into glycoconjugates by bulk isolated rat brain astroglial and neuronal cells in vitro. PMID- 7266883 TI - Development of complexity in motor nerve endings at the rat neuromuscular junction. PMID- 7266884 TI - Quantitative studies of motor, spino-cerebellar and secondary sensory neurons in the mutilated foot mutant rat. PMID- 7266885 TI - Multiple innervation of rat pacinian corpuscles regenerated after neonatal axotomy. PMID- 7266886 TI - Evaluation of patients undergoing extra-intracranial arterial bypass surgery based on CT-scanning and neurophysiological studies. AB - In order to evaluate short-term effects of extra-intracranial arterial bypass procedure (EIAB) on cerebral function, we performed neurophysiological studies, combined with CT-evaluation, on 17 patients undergoing EIAB, pre- and postoperatively. CT helps to define, on a morphological basis, the extent of ischemic brain damage, and is, in some cases, a valuable tool in preoperatively assessing chances for a recovery. EEG shows, 2 weeks after surgery, in 50% of the patients after completed stroke, worsening of ischemic lesions as a result of reduced intraoperative cerebral perfusion and/or temporary occlusion of the recipient cortical vessel. PMID- 7266887 TI - The clinical value of the palmomental reflex. AB - The age specific incidence of the palmomental reflex (PMR) has been investigated in persons without any former or present evidence of a neurological or mental involvement. Also excluded were persons with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, alcohol abuse and other diseases as these could effect the central or peripheral nervous system. From the newborn period up to the age of 20 years the incidence of the PMR was between 3,3% and 20%, the differences being statistically insignificant. After the age of 20 years the incidence of the PMR rises with increasing age, the rise being approximately 10% per decade. There was no asymmetry of the PMR in persons without affection of the nervous system and who met the above mentioned criteria. Since a symmetrical PMR can be found in a considerable percentage of persons with no indication of a neurological or mental involvement, it should not be considered as a pathological sign. An asymmetrical PMR was found in 20 persons who did not meet the above mentioned criteria. In 5 out of these 20 persons additional neurological signs could be detected. 9 patients had histories of brain trauma, meningitis, cerebrovascular disease and polyneuropathy. 9 others were suffering from severe cardiovascular disease, carcinoma and alcohol abuse. In only one patient, although presenting with some neurological signs, no relevant history could be detected. An asymmetrical PMR, therefore, must be considered as a discrete indication of an involvement, either of the central or the peripheral nervous system. The PMR has no certain localizing significance. PMID- 7266888 TI - CT-visualization of an intraspinal osteoma-like mass in Paget's disease. AB - Neuroradiological examination in a case of polyostotic Morbus Paget with compression of the thoracic spinal cord was extended to spinal computed tomography. The use of radiography, myelography, and skeletal scintigraphy as regards diagnostic information is compared to CT. Obviously the use of CT provides a valuable completion for the evaluation of extradural space-occupying spinal lesions. Undisturbed by overlying structures of CT has the potential to differentiate various types of tissues. CT clearly depicts the lesion and aids in the recognition of the type of the compressing foreign body, which in this case was an osteoma-like protrusion. PMID- 7266889 TI - Time-interval between a brain lesion and the onset of brain death. A contribution to the inherent dynamics of malignant brain swelling. PMID- 7266890 TI - The traumatic aneurysm of intracranial vessels. AB - From our observations of two patients, the problems of traumatic intracranial aneurysm are discussed. The prerequisites for recognition of such an aneurysm are the clinical findings, especially the angiographic control of the course of the aneurysm and, if possible, the results of histological examination. The difficulties involved in passing an opinion on such cases are alluded to. PMID- 7266891 TI - Basal ganglia calcification. Characteristics of CT scans and clinical findings. AB - Intracranial calcifications are attributed to many diseases. The globus pallidus is almost always the site of bilateral idiopathic calcium deposits. Computed tomography is superior to conventional skull radiographs in detecting intracranial calcifications. Patients had symptoms that were often explained by other findings. Basal ganglia calcification alone is not a nosological entity and does not justify invasive diagnostic procedures. PMID- 7266892 TI - [Short and median term results of 234 cases of gastrectomy with the Billroth II method. Critical evaluation]. AB - 234 partial gastrectomies, according to Billroth II technique, were performed for peptic ulcer disease in selective patients from 1969 to 1977. A postoperative study has been carried out to check the efficiency of such operation in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Postoperative treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Postoperative mortality was 3.8%, while immediate surgical complications were 6.4%. 145 of this patients could be followed with a special regard for sex, age, way of living, general conditions, ulcer's location and the persisting symptoms at the time of the study. 124 patients (84%) showed good general conditions while 6 (4.1%) needed a second operation for recurrent peptic ulceration or alkaline reflux gastritis. Although this procedure has showed fairly good clinical results the Authors point out the high rate of postoperative mortality for a basically benign disease and the presence of some unpleasant digestive sequelae. Attention is payed to some factors that may play an important role on the pathophysiology of these sequelae. PMID- 7266893 TI - [Radiological aspects of gastric cancer at onset]. PMID- 7266894 TI - [Antibiotic preparation in operations on the large intestine. Experimental study]. AB - A controlled study was mounted to assess the possible benefit of a single phlebo administration of 600 mg lincomycin 1 hr prior to colon surgery, in addition to the erythromycin + neomycin combination proposed by Nichols, as a means of constituting a further pharmacological barrier to the spread of anaerobic bacteria. The study currently comprises two groups of 15 patients fully comparable with regard to pathology distribution and randomly assigned to the E.N. and the E.N.L. protocol respectively. Six instances of septic complication have been observed, five in the group prepared with E.N. and 1 prepared with E.N.L. No significance can be attached to the different incidence of complications in the two arms of the study, owing to the small number of cases examined. PMID- 7266896 TI - [Toxic megacolon as an acute complication of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7266895 TI - [Spontaneous biliodigestive fistulas. Clinico-radiological considerations on 17 cases]. AB - An account of the aetiology, pathogenesis, anatomical and pathological picture, progression and complications of spontaneous biliodigestive fistula is flowed by a description of its clinical picture and diagnostic problems. Reference is also made to 7 patients subjected to emergency surgery and 10 electively operated. Diagnosis is ensured by careful review of the history, radiological examination of the abdomen in blank, and assessment of the digestive apparatus with an opaque meal and clyster. Little assistance is provided by the objective data and radiological examination of the bile ducts. PMID- 7266897 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic reflections on polyps and polyposis of the large intestine]. AB - The systematic employment of pancolonoscopy in patients with diseases of the large intestine has shown that histological typing is essential when a polyp or polyposis is observed, since this is the only way prognosis can determined, and is only possible through endoscopic polypectomy. Familial investigation is also mandatory. If its findings are positive, every "polyp", irrespective of its number, site, and distribution, is a possible sign of polyposis. In this context, rectum preservation techniques are justified in relation to factors associated with both the polyp itself and its host. PMID- 7266900 TI - Technique and preliminary results of peroperative electronic manometry in the bile ducts. PMID- 7266899 TI - [Surgical treatment of colo-rectal tumors. Immediate and long-term results in 1749 cases]. AB - An assessment is made of the development of surgical techniques and results obtained throughout a series of 1748 cases of colon and rectum cancer observed over a period of 40 years. Attempts to improve survival have included an extension of lymph duct resection. This approach has proved successful, though a longer period of study is still needed. Lastly, rectal cancer is examined in terms of survival in function of various biological factors associated with the neoplasia. PMID- 7266898 TI - [Therapy of carcinoma of the right colon. Personal experience]. PMID- 7266901 TI - A multivariate analysis of the prognosis of carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 7266902 TI - An analysis of closure of temporary colostomy in 100 patients. PMID- 7266903 TI - Computerized tomography and radionuclide scan in surgical patients -- a comparative prospective study in detecting liver metastases. AB - A prospective study was carried out in 100 patients with carcinoma of the digestive tract, in whom a CT-scan and a radionuclide scan were made prior to operation. The CT-scan and the radionuclide scan had the same degree of diagnostic relaibility (about 80% correct diagnoses). Routine pre-operative CT or isotope scans do not in our experience alter the surgical management. From the in vitro investigation in which the liver is cut into the same slices as the computerized tomography, it appears that liver metastases larger than 3.5 cm diameter are always seen, while smaller metastases may be missed. The alkaline phosphatase and the gamma CT are no reliable estimations in establishing the diagnosis of liver metastases. PMID- 7266904 TI - Iatrogenic water-intoxication. PMID- 7266905 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis. PMID- 7266907 TI - Allergic necrosis of the rectum. PMID- 7266906 TI - Diagnosis and therapy of osteochondral fractures of the knee. PMID- 7266908 TI - [Surgical treatment of invasive cervix carcinoma]. PMID- 7266909 TI - [Immune complex monitoring in Echinococcus infections]. AB - In two patients with hepatic echinococcosis, we studied the in vivo interaction between circulating immune complexes and polymorphonuclear neutrophil surface receptors according to our previously described technique and quantitated the amount of circulating immune complexes by the C1q binding assay. Both tests were positive prior to surgical removal of the cysts, to gradually become negative to weeks later, and are persistently negative at two months after complete asportation. The application of the two tests may be of value in assessing surgical radicality and consequently the prompt disappearance of circulating parasite antigens. In particular, failure of these two tests two turn negative or the occurrence of further, new positivities may suggest either uncomplete eradication of the cyst or reinfection. These immunologic techniques appear to provide a better monitoring of echinococcosis than all the other well-known immunological tests which detect specific immunoglobulins present in serum for a long time and therefore unable to indicate the persistence or the new appearance of the parasite antigens. PMID- 7266911 TI - [Clinical and psychological aspects of sexuality in cardiac patients]. AB - It's a general opinion that the sexual activity represent a stressing experience, both under the physical and emotional aspect; that's why many patients, after suffering from infarction concentrate their preoccupations on the risk related to their renewal of sexual intercourse. The aim of our research is to evaluate the risk factors through a literature review, but also to consider the personal attitudes of the practitioner and of the patient's family, which could cast on the patient their own anxieties, fears and cultural conventions, resulting in a delay of his psychosexual recovery. After a clinical approach to the problem of the sexual recovery of cardiopaths, two short clinical records are given, confirming the importance of both a physical and psychological counselling in order to obtain a satisfactory recovery of the cardiopathic patient. PMID- 7266910 TI - [Maternal-fetal transmission of hepatitis B virus. Follow-up study of 21 infants born to HBSAG-positive mothers, and 6 born to HBSAG-negative mothers with anti HBV antibodies]. AB - Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was studied in 21 mother-infant pairs. A transient HBs-antigenemia was observed in 60% of the 10 children born to HBsAg healthy carrier mothers and 91% of the 11 babies born to mothers with HBsAg positive CAH. Among the 16 children showing HBs-antigenemia, 3 developed acute viral hepatitis two of whom showed progression to chronicity. PMID- 7266912 TI - [Cineangiographic and hemodynamic evaluation of left bundle branch block]. AB - Left cardiac catheterisation, selective coronarography and ventriculography were employed in a study of 89 patients with left bundle-branch block. Three subjects presented normal haemodynamic and cineangiographic data, 16 displayed valve defects, usually of the aorta, 34 had ischaemic heart disease, and 36 cardiomyopathy mostly of a congestive type. Deviation of the axis in excess of- 30 degrees on the frontal plane appeared to be more frequently accompanied by ischaemia, though this finding was not prognostic from the haemodynamic standpoint. A prolonged QRS (over 0.15") was more frequent in valvular heart disease and accompanied by more evident left valve dysfunction. Comparison between the 34 ischaemic patients and 317 coronary patients without left bundle branch block showed that the former has a higher frequency of leftness in the distribution of their coronary circulation, and more extensive impairment of the coronary arteries, especially the ramus interventricularis anterior. Changes in left ventricle kinetics and serious hypokinesia and/or akinesia appear to be due to the heart disease responsible of the block. The series examined did not make it clear whether this intraventricular conduction defect can cause albeit slight alterations in left ventricle wall motility. PMID- 7266913 TI - [Endocardial electrophysiologic study of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia with intranodal return and by abnormal accessory route]. PMID- 7266915 TI - [Seminar on aging and longevity. Introduction]. PMID- 7266916 TI - [Natural death and longevity as a utopian project in medicine]. PMID- 7266914 TI - [Usefulness of esophageal ECG as a study method for the differential diagnosis of perforated ulcers and myocardial infarct]. AB - The Authors have examined 100 patients with suspected perforated ulcer and have executed besides the usual examination also an oesophageal ECG with modified method and a polygraphic examination. In 9 patients it is possible to identify to the oesophageal ECG and infarct of the myocardium, which interested the upper part of left ventricle's posterior wall, from the Authors indicated as "underconnectional", is not explorable by traditional ECG. Oesophageal ECG examination is important for to settle the doubtful chances of the perforated ulcer from the myocardium infarct. PMID- 7266917 TI - [Longevity and social conditions in the aging process]. PMID- 7266918 TI - [Senile psychopathy]. PMID- 7266920 TI - [Creatininemia in patients over 80 as a test of renal function]. PMID- 7266919 TI - [Deficiency of amino acid precursors of chemical mediators and of creatine in the aged]. PMID- 7266921 TI - [Alpha lipoprotein cholesterol in the aged of both sexes]. PMID- 7266922 TI - [Calcemia in the aged]. PMID- 7266923 TI - [Hormone studies in human senile osteoporosis]. PMID- 7266924 TI - [Maintenance of the iron biorhythm in the aged and its changes in the presence of iron deficiency anemia]. PMID- 7266925 TI - [Results of a multicenter psycho-clinical and psycho-social study on people over 100]. PMID- 7266926 TI - [Gymnastics in old age. Experiences in the city of Turin]. PMID- 7266927 TI - [Physical exercise in advanced age. The expedition of people over 70 to Monte Rosa (4559 m)]. PMID- 7266928 TI - Autoradiographic localization of [3H]gamma-amino-butyric acid in the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig small intestine. AB - Localization of [3H]GABA in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus has been studied using light microscopic autoradiography. In the presence of beta-alanine, 10(-3) M, an inhibitor of glial cell high affinity GABA transport, [3H]GABA was transported by a high affinity uptake system into neuronal elements of the plexus. Scattered neurones accumulating [3H]GABA showed localization of silver grains over the soma and axonal processes. In addition a large population of uptake sites for [3H]GABA was found within the secondary and tertiary meshworks of the plexus so that dense accumulations of silver grains were observed localized over distinct 'tracts' within all three meshworks of the plexus. These results are considered to provide strong evidence for GABAergic neurons in the enteric nervous system. PMID- 7266929 TI - Scattered catecholaminergic cells in the dorsolateral tegmentum caudal to locus coeruleus in cat. AB - In the cat brain stem, extending from the caudal locus coeruleus, scattered catecholaminergic (CA) cells are distributed over a large area. This includes a periventricular region dorsolateral to the fourth ventricle corresponding to the A4 group, the white matter separating vestibular and intracerebellar nuclei, and lateral to the vestibular complex in relation to the restiform body. In all, these CA cells were found to number 122 +/- 54 (mean +/- S.D.), unilaterally. PMID- 7266930 TI - Effect of adenosine versus adenine nucleotides on evoked potentials in a rat hippocampal slice preparation. AB - A marked depression of evoked CA1 potentials was observed with the nucleotide analogues a,b-methylene ADP (AOPCP) and adenylimido-diphosphate (AIP) and with 2' adenosine monophosphate (2'-AMP). While the depression elicited by 5'-nucleotides was completely antagonized by the action of adenosine deaminase, AOPCP and 2'-AMP were only partially antagonized. The findings indicate that nucleotides on their own are capable of modulating synaptic transmission but that the physiologically more prevalent 5'-AMP is mediating its effect via adenosine. By producing this membrane permeable compound and allowing its re-uptake, the 5'-nucleotidase may determine the time course of purinergic action. PMID- 7266931 TI - Hypothalamic cuts suggest a brain site for the antigonadotrophic action of melatonin in the Syrian hamster. AB - Thrice daily melatonin injections inhibit reproductive functions in pinealectomized male hamsters, as measured by sex organ weights and plasma testosterone levels. Total or anterior, but not posterior, hypothalamic deafferentation prevented the antigonadotrophic effect of melatonin. The findings suggest a site of action of melatonin within the central nervous system. PMID- 7266932 TI - Cholinergic actions of false neurotransmitters: acetylpyrrolidinecholine. AB - Acetylpyrrolidinecholine (AcPyCh), a false transmitter at cholinergic synapses, produces an increase in arterial blood pressure upon intraventricular injection that is comparable in extent and time course to that produced by equivalent doses of acetylcholine. AcPyCh binds to central muscarinic receptors with affinities and properties associated with potent muscarinic agonists. AcPyCh also binds to nicotinic receptors of Torpedo electric organs thereby inducing conformational changes in the receptor-ion channel complex, including certain changes associated with postsynaptic activation and desensitization processes. In all of these cholinergic actions AcPyCh is as potent as acetylcholine. PMID- 7266933 TI - Neuronal responses to ethylenediamine: preferential blockade by bicuculline. AB - The effects of ethylenediamine have been compared with GABA using two systems: microiontophoretic application to rat neurones in vivo, and superfusion of rat sympathetic ganglia in vitro. Using both techniques ethylenediamine mimicked closely the responses to GABA, showing a potency of 0.044 relative to GABA = 1.0 in the ganglion. Bicuculline, but not strychnine, blocked ethylenediamine and GABA without affecting glycine, and strychnine blocked only glycine, in vivo. It was particularly clear from the in vitro experiments that bicuculline is about twice as effective an antagonist of ethylenediamine than of GABA. PMID- 7266934 TI - Relationship of inferior olive-climbing fibers to p,p'-DDT-induced myoclonus in rats. AB - The effects of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP), which destroys the inferior olive, and harmaline, which stimulates inferior olive-climbing fiber activity, on DDT induced myoclonus, wee studied in rats. 3-AP shortened and harmaline delayed the time of onset of myoclonus after intragastric administration of DDT. 3-AP also counteracted the antimyoclonic action of L-5-hydroxytryptophan plus chlorimipramine, clonazepam and phenoxybenzamine in this animal model. The results suggest that these antimyoclonic agents require an intact olivocerebellar pathway for their action. PMID- 7266935 TI - Electrophysiological study of hepatic vagal projection to the medulla. AB - Medullary projection of the hepatic branch of vagus was examined electrophysiologically. Analysis of compound field potentials elicited by the hepatic vagal stimulation revealed that this nerve branch projects dominantly in the left side of the medulla. Afferent neurons in the solitary tract nucleus were identified by the electrical stimulation of the nerve branch. A collision test was also employed to separate the afferent from the efferent. Some afferent neurons which innervate the liver were responsive to the portal infusion of isotonic glucose solution, hypertonic saline and water. Their response patterns were almost similar to those of the hepatic afferent nerves. PMID- 7266936 TI - Do dichotomizing afferent fibers exist which supply visceral organs as well as somatic structures? A contribution to the problem or referred pain. AB - Fibers in the inferior splanchnic nerves were found which could be activated by electrical stimulation of one of the lumbar white rami as well as of the somatic nerve of the same spinal segment at stable latency. The responses of these fibers reliably followed high frequency stimulation (20-100 Hz) of the nerves. The axons were unmyelinated (conduction velocity 1.02 +/- 0.57 m/sec, mean +/- 1 S.D., n = 14), had no ongoing discharges and could not be excited by afferent stimuli via a spinal or supraspinal reflex pathway. Therefore, it is likely that these fibers are afferent. The findings support the hypothesis that referred pain may be produced by dichotomizing sensory fibers, one branch passing to visceral organs and the other branch to the site of reference in muscle or skin. PMID- 7266937 TI - Dopamine-induced ventilatory depression in the rat, mediated by carotid nerve afferents. AB - In pentobarbitone-anesthetized rats, i.v. injections of dopamine (DA) at (10-8) (10-5 g/kg led to transient ventilatory depression, usually not associated with changes in systemic arterial pressure. DA-induced ventilatory depression consisted of decreases in tidal volume and respiratory frequency in 12 rats, and in bradypnea without changes in tidal volume in 5 rats. After bilateral section of the carotid nerves, ventilatory responses to DA were abolished or greatly diminished. It is concluded that DA inhibits carotid body chemosensory discharges in the rat. The possibility that chemosensory activity directly affects respiratory frequency is discussed. PMID- 7266938 TI - Intramuscular localization of monosynaptic Ia reflex effects in the cat biceps femoris muscle. AB - Intracellular recordings form biceps femoris (BF) motoneurons were made in anesthetized low spinal cats during periods of electrical stimulation of the nerve branches supplying the anterior, middle and posterior portions of the BF muscle and the nerves to semimembranosus and semitendinosus. Measurements were made of each cell's composite intrahomonymous and heteronymous monosynaptic Ia EPSP responses to stimulation of the test nerves (branches). We have found evidence for an intramuscular localization of these monosynaptic Ia reflex effects not only when comparing responses between the two functional components of the BF muscle as is well established [6] but, in addition, when comparing responses between different parts of each functional (hip extensor and knee flexor) component as well. It is argued that both somatotopic and neuronal recognition factors may contribute to the localization of these monosynaptic reflex effects. PMID- 7266939 TI - Activation of myelinated afferents ending in a neuroma by stimulation of the sympathetic supply in the rat. AB - The sciatic nerve in rats was cut and ligated, and 5-18 days later pathophysiological properties of the resulting neuroma were studied. We found that afferent fibers ending in the neuroma produced prolonged discharges following repetitive stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic trunk (LST) or i.v. adrenaline. Mean latencies of activation of afferent fibers were 10 +/- 2.1 sec and 12 +/- 3.4 sec (mean +/- S.D.) to LST stimulation and to adrenaline injection, respectively. The alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine blocked responses to LST stimulation and adrenaline. The beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol had no effect. PMID- 7266941 TI - Intracerebral self-administration of amphetamine by rhesus monkeys. AB - Four rhesus monkeys received intracranial implantation of cannulae aimed at the orbitofrontal cortex. Electrical intracranial self-stimulation was obtained readily from insulated electrodes placed temporarily into the orbitofrontal cortex via the outer guide tubes. Subsequently, each subject acquired a panel press operant response to deliver 0.05 microliter of D-amphetamine (10-6 M) into the orbitofrontal cortex via an inner cannula. The rate of panel pressing increased over several daily test sessions and extinguished after substitution of the vehicle solution. One animal responded readily on a fixed ratio-10 schedule. Control injections into the nucleus accumbens and lateral ventricles failed to maintain self-administration behavior. PMID- 7266942 TI - Bradykinesia following unilateral lesions restricted to the substantia nigra in the baboon. AB - Unilateral lesions were made in the substantia nigra of baboons which had been previously trained to carry out a visually guided pointing movement. During the early post-operative period, the animals were unable to perform the task with the contralateral forelimb because of the severity of the akinesia affecting it. After one or two weeks, the animals began to make the movement; at this time, there was a purely contralateral increase in the latency and particularly the duration of the movement, while its accuracy remained unchanged. PMID- 7266940 TI - In vivo release of enkephalin from the globus pallidus. AB - Push-pull cannulae were acutely positioned through previously implanted guides in the globus pallidus of unanesthetized freely moving cats and rats. During slow flow perfusions, enkephalin release was detected in resting conditions and increased more than 3-fold when both 50 mM K+ and 1.8 mM Ca2+ were present in the perfusing medium. Local perfusion with veratrine also enhanced enkephalin release. Furthermore, in vivo, electrical stimulation of the rat caudo-putamen enhanced enkephalin release in the pallidum. This latter finding is consistent with a functional strio-pallidal enkephalin-containing pathway previously postulated by immunohistochemical or lesion experiments. PMID- 7266943 TI - Tissue essential fatty acids of infants receiving parenteral fat emulsions rich in linoleate. PMID- 7266944 TI - Pulmonary arterial lipid deposits after intravenous lipid infusions in neonates. PMID- 7266945 TI - alpha-Tocopherolquinone in the rat: synthesis and mitochondrial reduction. PMID- 7266946 TI - Comparison of serum unconjugated estriol and estetrol in normal and complicated pregnancies. AB - It has been reported that determinations of maternal serum unconjugated estriol (E3) and estetrol (E4) concentrations provide clinicians with more or less identical information on fetal status. If this is true, then theoretically the levels of E3 should be equally correlated with those of E4 in all conditions of pregnancy. To resolve this question, a study of the relationship between E3 and E4 was performed before labor in normal and complicated pregnancies. In normal pregnancy, they were highly correlated (r = .683, P less than .0001); in complicated cases, they were still correlated, but at a lower level (r = .522, P less than .003). To determine the effect of labor on this correlation, E3 and E4 levels were measured in normal subjects during labor as well as in the corresponding fetuses. The correlations between material E3 and E4, maternal and fetal E4, maternal and fetal E3, and fetal E3 and E4 were highly significant. A similar study with complicated pregnancies, however, indicated no such correlation except between fetal E3 and E4. In addition, day-to-day variability of serial measurements of E3 and E4 on an individual basis was determined in normal and diabetic subjects. The variability was qualitatively determined graphically and quantitatively determined algorithmically. The results of calculated individual variabilities indicated that the variability of E4 was less than that of E3 in most cases. It is therefore concluded that complications in pregnancy and the onset of labor have some effect on E3-E4 correlations, and that measurement of E4 has an additional advantage due to less variability. PMID- 7266947 TI - Dysmenorrhea induced by autologous transfusion. AB - A circulating factor capable of inducing symptoms of dysmenorrhea has been demonstrated in 10 women by collecting plasma during periods of dysmenorrhea and infusing it during asymptomatic intervals. Typical symptoms of abdominal pain occurred in 8 of 12 women who received a plasma infusion that had been drawn at the time symptoms were present. Plasma drawn at the time of no symptoms, when given to 10 women, produced no abdominal pain (P less than .01). Combinations of pain and/or emotional irritability were found in 11 of 12 women after symptomatic units were infused and in only 2 of 10 women after asymptomatic units were infused (P less than .001). The uterus need not be involved, as 7 of 10 patients had a hysterectomy prior to the infusions. It is suggested that a circulating factor may activate prostaglandin synthesis, which in turn may stimulate the neuronal system, thus causing symptoms. PMID- 7266948 TI - Diurnal and short-term variation of blood pressure: comparison of preeclamptic, chronic hypertensive, and normotensive patients. AB - It has been suggested that the decrease in blood pressure during sleep is greater in patients with chronic hypertension than in preeclamptic patients. The DINAMAP (device for indirect noninvasive automatic mean arterial pressure) monitor was used to determine the mean arterial, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure, at 15-minute intervals, and 24 hours. Three groups of 15 patients each were studied: mildly preeclamptic, chronically hypertensive, and normotensive patients in the third trimester. In addition, 2 patients with severe preeclampsia were studied. The automatic readings were compared with auscultated blood pressures. There was short-term variation in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 20 to 40 and 15 to 30 mmHg, respectively, with consecutive 15-minute recordings. A decrease in blood pressure during sleep was seen in all groups, except in the 2 patients with severe preeclampsia. This fall varied between 5 and 20 mmHg systolic and 5 and 18 mmHg diastolic. The auscultated blood pressure differed from the automatic blood pressure by 5 to 40 mmHg systolic and 5 to 35 mmHg diastolic. In the clinical management of patients, these findings are significant, as they demonstrate short term variation in blood pressure and differences in the auscultated versus automatic blood pressure readings. Also, changes in blood pressure occur during sleep; this may be important with regard to the timing and dose of medication given to pregnant patients with chronic hypertension or preeclampsia. PMID- 7266949 TI - Risk:benefit considerations for the use of isoxsuprine in the treatment of premature labor. AB - Seventy patients treated with isoxsuprine for premature labor were studied. In patients with intact membranes prolongation of pregnancy for more than 7 days occurred in 77% of women with 50% cervical effacement or less and 3 cm dilatation or less at the initiation of therapy, and in none with more than 50% effacement and more than 3 cm dilatation. Cervical effacement was the primary factor in determining success. Cord isoxsuprine concentrations averaged 90% of maternal concentrations at delivery. Maternal and cord isoxsuprine concentrations at delivery were inversely correlated with the drug-free interval before delivery. An interval of more than 5 hours was necessary to attain a cord concentration of less than 2 ng/ml, a level not associated with neonatal problems. Drug-free intervals of 2 hours or less usually resulted in cord isoxsuprine values of more than 10 ng/ml, levels that are associated with severe neonatal problems. Seventy seven percent of infants with cord isoxsuprine concentrations of more than 2 ng/ml and 91% with values of more than 10 ng/ml were delivered of mothers with more than 3 cm dilatation or more than 50% effacement at the initiation or reinstitution of intravenous therapy. Most severe neonatal problems are preventable if patients are selected carefully. PMID- 7266950 TI - Pulmonary edema following ritodrine-saline infusion in premature labor. AB - Twenty-three patients with premature uterine contractions occurring between the 27th and 35th weeks of pregnancy were treated in a prospective and randomized study with intravenous ritodrine in a 0.1 wt/vol% solution of isotonic saline (N = 12) or isotonic glucose (N = 11). The aim of the study was to record the effects of these agents on the water-salt metabolism. In both the saline and the glucose groups there was a statistically significant fall in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum albumin (P less than .001). This fall correlated significantly with the dose of ritodrine (P less than .001). Serum renin and aldosterone levels revealed a statistically significant increase (P less than .0005). Seven of 12 patients in the saline group, but none in the glucose group, developed pulmonary congestion requiring treatment. The combination of ritodrine and saline should be used very cautiously, and the authors recommend accurate monitoring of the fluid balance during ritodrine treatment. PMID- 7266951 TI - Fetal heart rates in siblings of infants with sudden infant death syndrome. AB - This study examined fetal heart rate (FHR) variables during maternal sleep in subsequent siblings of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and who are thus at increased statistical risk for SIDS, and controls. Four findings differentiated the tracings of subsequent siblings of SIDS infants and controls: 1) FHR variability in subsequent siblings of SIDS infants ranged between 11 and 25 beats/min, compared with 6 to 10 beats/min in controls (P less than .001). 2) Bradycardia was more frequent in subsequent siblings of SIDS infants. 3) FHR accelerations (more than 150 beats/min) followed by heart rates below 120 beats/min were elevated in subsequent siblings of SIDS infants (P less than .01). 4) Strong respiratory arrhythmia was more frequent in subsequent siblings of SIDS infants. These siblings exhibited more reactive FHR patterns. Although these data cannot be interpreted as clinical markers to identify the infant who will die of SIDS, they are compatible with the hypothesis that mild chronic hypoxia is associated with risk for SIDS. PMID- 7266952 TI - Neonatal effect of prolonged anesthetic induction for cesarean section. AB - The relationship of induction-to-delivery and uterine incision-to-delivery intervals to neonatal outcome was studied in 105 parturient women undergoing cesarean section. Sixty patients received general anesthesia and 55 were given spinal anesthesia. During general anesthesia, induction-to-delivery intervals of more than 8 minutes and uterine incision-to-delivery intervals of more than 3 minutes were associated with significantly more instances of neonatal acidosis (umbilical artery pH 7.31 versus 7.22) and a greater incidence of low 1-min Apgar scores (4% versus 73%). In the groups receiving spinal anesthesia, prolongation of uterine incision-to-delivery interval by more than 3 minutes was found to be the only important factor influencing fetal outcome, as determined by an increased acidosis (umbilical artery pH 7.30 versus 7.18) and by depressed Apgar scores (0% versus 62%). PMID- 7266953 TI - Exposure to prescribed drugs in pregnancy and association with congenital malformations. AB - In a case-control (N = 1427 and 3001, respectively) study of deliveries in Connecticut the incidence of congenital malformations was 52 per 1000 live births. Of all mothers, 44.5% used at least 1 prescribed drug during pregnancy. Case mothers were more likely than controls to have used a prescription drug (odds ratio [o] = 13, P less than .0001), particularly an antidepressant (o = 7.6), narcotic analgesic (o = 3.6), or tranquilizer (o = 23); P less than .01 for all associations. There was a synergistic relationship with tranquilizer use and smoking in pregnancy, resulting in a o = 3.7 (P less than .01) risk for those exposed to both. The synergistic relationship of tranquilizers-cigarettes with malformations supports existing pharmacologic research and suggests that epidemiologic study of the impact of simultaneous maternofetal exposure to environmental agents may further explain the etiology of some congenital malformations. PMID- 7266954 TI - Natural family planning IV. The identification of postovulatory infertility. AB - The estimated time of ovulation (ETO) was correlated with the day of defined postovulatory infertility in 66 hormonally normal menstrual cycles from 24 subjects for each of 15 different natural family planning methodologies. Inherent weaknesses were identified in methods based upon calendar calculations or basal body temperature only. These weaknesses could be removed for the basal body temperature-only methods if symptoms, especially the peak mucus symptom, were added to the temperature records. However, the peak mucus symptom alone had the greatest precision of all methods studied. No advantage could be identified in combining the basal body temperature with the peak symptom. PMID- 7266955 TI - Increased risk of malignant transformation of hydatidiform moles in older gravidas: a cytogenetic study. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed in 35 cases of complete hydatidiform mole, and the results were correlated with maternal age and other clinical parameters. The rate of occurrence of aneuploid cells in the 18- to 39-year age group was 19% of the total cells; the rate in the 43- to 52-year age group was 25%. The rate of aneuploid cells between 2n and 3n was 20% in the latter group but only 7% in the former group. Aneuploid cells were not found in normal villi but were found to predominate in invasive mole and choriocarcinoma. These results suggest that hydatidiform mole may have a greater potential for malignant transformation in patients 40 years and older than in younger patients. PMID- 7266956 TI - 5-fluorouracil/chemosurgery for intraepithelial neoplasia of the lower genital tract. AB - Sixteen patients with lower genital intraepithelial neoplasia were treated by 5 fluorouracil (5-FU)/chemosurgery: colposcopically directed excision of neoplastic epithelium pretreated with topical 5-FU. 5-FU loosens the neoplastic epithelium, facilitating its removal from the underlying stroma in a safe, minimally traumatic fashion. 5-FU/chemosurgery was undertaken in patients with vaginal neoplasia or those with lower genital neoplasia who were immunosuppressed or had a neoplastic syndrome, because conventional methods are often difficult or inadequate for these problems. In all 16 patients, the neoplasia went into remission. Two immunosuppressed patients developed recurrences of lesser dysplasia when 5-FU maintenance therapy was interrupted because of pregnancy. It was found that 5-FU/chemosurgery, followed by monthly 5-FU maintenance, may be the best treatment for intraepithelial neoplasia of the vagina or lower genital intraepithelial neoplasia in patients who are immunosuppressed or have a neoplastic syndrome. PMID- 7266957 TI - Preoperative prognosis for cancer of the vulva. AB - Fourteen preoperative variables were individually assessed on 408 patients with primary vulvar cancer to determine their effect upon survival. Age, clinical node involvement, secondary tumor spread, tumor size, and menses were found to be the best individual indicators of survival time. Further analyses explored the dependence of survival time on these 5 variables jointly. Age was followed for by dividing the patients into 4 age groups; in each of these strata 4 prognostic categories, based on the variables clinical groin node involvement and secondary tumor spread, were defined: category 1, impalpable nodes and no secondary tumor spread; category 2, palpable nodes and no secondary tumor spread; category 3, impalpable nodes and secondary tumor spread; and category 4, palpable nodes and secondary tumor spread. Survival curves for each of these categories were plotted and showed progressively worsening prognoses from group 1 through group 4. It is believed that such methods should be used preoperatively to produce staging criteria and estimates of prognosis more objective and informative than those in common use. PMID- 7266958 TI - Placental metastasis from maternal carcinoma of the lung. AB - A case of large cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung metastatic to the placenta and a review of the literature are presented. This is the 44th documented case of placental and/or fetal metastasis from maternal cancer in the past 113 years. Fifty percent of these cases are either malignant melanomas or hematopoietic malignancies. Evidence indicates that these 2 malignancies are more likely to metastasize to the products of conception than are other malignancies. PMID- 7266959 TI - Sweet syndrome with involvement of the female genital tract. AB - Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, otherwise known as Sweet syndrome, usually occurs in women after prior respiratory infections. The first case of Sweet syndrome with involvement of the female genital tract is reported here. The woman recovered completely, and no evidence of other underlying disease has appeared. PMID- 7266960 TI - Fatal peritonitis following IUD-associated salpingitis. AB - Previous reports have implicated the Dalkon shield intrauterine device (IUD) in septic second trimester abortion and maternal death from sepsis. In the case reported here, Fusobacterium necrophorum, a rarely pathogenic vaginal anaerobe, gained access to the uterus in a woman wearing a Dalkon shield and caused acute parametritis, overwhelming peritonitis, systemic sepsis, and death. It is well known that IUDs can contribute to the development of serious pelvic infections, and in this case it is possible that the Dalkon shield was the cause of the ascending infection into the uterus. PMID- 7266961 TI - Intrauterine fetal tachypnea. AB - In a previous case report, intrauterine fetal tachypnea was associated with sudden fetal death. The authors have observed a similar case of fetal tachypnea. Early intervention occurred and a normal fetus was delivered. Pathophysiologic mechanisms for the phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 7266962 TI - Detecting abnormalities in the industrial ear. PMID- 7266963 TI - Practicing by the Federal Register: an outdated concept. PMID- 7266964 TI - Quality controls for audiometric testing. PMID- 7266965 TI - Monitoring hearing loss at United Airlines. AB - The airlines are a highly diversified industry. Their major concerns are in the safe transportation of passengers and cargo with on time arrival and departure of its aircraft at various locations throughout the world. The challenge the airlines face is in the development and administration of an effective hearing conservation program that will produce valid audiometry at all of its logistic operations and yet be economically feasible and practical. The methods and techniques used by United Airlines to develop and administer an effective hearing conservation program are presented here. Guidelines employing the OSHA Noise Exposure Standard were incorporated in the program requirements as set forth by the medical department. PMID- 7266966 TI - Reconsidering core functions: for management's sake III. AB - In the concluding part of this three-part series, three remaining functions are discussed: cooperating with and utilizing health, welfare, and social services available in the community; making plant rounds; and participating in special health programs. An eleventh function is also added: self-evaluation and documentation of the nurse's performance and accountability, in conjunction with evaluation of the health service. PMID- 7266967 TI - Progress in lymphadenectomy potential in radioisotope surgery of cervical carcinoma. AB - The introduction, in 1969, of radionuclide-assisted radical surgery using colloidal gold resulted in a substantial reduction of mortality from relapses with nodal involvement. While Wertheim's operation practiced between 1961 and 1965 was associated 50% recurrence mortality, mortality for all clinically operable stages dropped to 43.5% between 1966 and 1973, stage Ib mortality decreasing from 47.4% (1961-1965) to 26.9% (1966-1973). Within technetium labeling, which was introduced in 1977, the nodectomy potential was increased from an original 52.5% obtained with 198 colloidal gold and a scanner or eye probe to 88% obtained with the camera technique and technetium in 1979. PMID- 7266968 TI - Ectopic human placental lactogen and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in gastric fluid of patients with malignant and non-malignant conditions of the stomach. AB - Human placental lactogen (hPL) and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) in gastric aspirates and sera of 24 patients with malignant (12 patients) and non malignant (12 patients) conditions of the stomach were studied. In patients with cancer of the stomach, hPL and beta-hCG were found to be present in gastric aspirate at higher frequency than in serum. The concentration of these hormones in gastric aspirate was higher than in serum. In 2 patients with duodenal ulcer beta-hCG was found to be present in gastric aspirate, 1 of them having the hormone in circulation as well, while none of the 12 patients with non-malignant conditions of the stomach showed presence of hPL in their gastric aspirate or serum. PMID- 7266969 TI - Estrogen-like action of tamoxifen on vaginal epithelium in breast cancer patients. AB - The action of prolonged administration of Tamoxifen on the vaginal epithelium in postmenopausal breast cancer patients has been investigated by means of exfoliative cytology. Our study gives quite convincing evidence of a clear-cut estrogenic effect of Tamoxifen on vaginal epithelium. The relationship between estrogenic properties of Tamoxifen and breast cancer management is discussed. PMID- 7266970 TI - Cells from normal and malignant human colon mucosa differentially inhibit embryonic cell aggregation. AB - A model system for studying some aspects of the interaction of cancer cells in tumors and their surrounding nonmalignant tissue is the co-culture of cancer cells and embryonic chick neural retinal cells in gyratory shakers. Neural retina cell aggregation, under these conditions, has been shown to be differentially inhibited by small numbers of cultured mouse and human cancer cells. We extend here these observations to co-cultures of retinal cells with small numbers (60:1 ratio) of human cells isolated from normal colon mucosa or colonic adenocarcinoma tissue. The cells from the malignant tissue samples inhibited aggregation to a significantly greater extent than the cells from normal mucosa, even when both were from the same individual. Cells derived from nonmalignant tumors were more inhibitory than those from normal individuals, which is consistent with described differences in this 'transitional' region. Thus, the aggregation inhibition assay appears applicable to freshly isolated human tissues. PMID- 7266971 TI - Effect of cold insoluble globulin on carcinoma cell growth in vitro. AB - The effects of cold insoluble globulin (CIG) on short-term cultures of Walker 256 carcinoma cells have been determined. Carcinoma cell proliferation in the presence of normal or heat-treated (opsonically inactive) rat serum, affinity purified CIG, albumin, or medium alone was measured by determination of [3H]TdR incorporation into cellular DNA and by actual cell counts. The addition of serum or affinity-purified CIG significantly reduced proliferation compared with that which occurred in the presence of albumin or medium alone. The reduced proliferation caused by CIG is due to an inhibition of cell growth (cytostasis) rather than to cell death (cytotoxicity) as demonstrated by a lack of [125I]UdR release from prelabeled carcinoma cells incubated with CIG. PMID- 7266972 TI - Failure of actinomycin D entrapped in liposomes to prolong survival in renal cell adenocarcinoma-bearing mice. AB - The potential prolongation of survival of actinomycin D entrapped in liposomes was examined in Balb C/Cr mice inoculated intrarenally with renal cell adenocarcinoma. There were five groups of animals: group A, a control group, received phosphate-buffered saline 0.3 cm3 i.p.; group B received free actinomycin D 300 micrograms/kg i.p.; group C received liposomes containing actinomycin D 300 micrograms/kg i.p.; group D received a mixture of free actinomycin D 300 micrograms/kg and empty liposomes i.p.; group E received empty liposomes i.p. The best median survival was of group D (free drug) - 54 days followed by group C (liposome entrapped actinomycin D) 45.2 days and group E (a mixture of free and entrapped actinomycin D) - 42 days. In vitro studies utilizing cell lines obtained from the tumor showed no statistical difference in ID50 or in cytotoxicity between the cells treated with free actinomycin D and those treated with liposomes containing drug. PMID- 7266973 TI - Pars plana vs. the limbal approach to intraocular surgery. PMID- 7266974 TI - A system for slit-lamp polaroid photography. AB - A system is described in which a SX-70, Alpha Model II, Polaroid, single lens reflex camera, and photoflash unit can be quickly and sturdily mounted to a slit lamp. Such a system can take sharp anterior segment prints of the eye at all slit lamp magnifications, with white light and in the flourescein mode. The heart of the unit is the modification of an assembly initially designed to attach the camera to a light microscope. The small flash unit and power supply were designed specifically for slit lamp usage. Examples of "instant" photos of the anterior segment at different magnifications are presented. PMID- 7266975 TI - Utilization of a curved aspiration-irrigation handpiece. AB - The safest way to completely remove the cortex from under the iris superiorly is with the angulated aspiration-irrigation handpiece. It is recommended that a .3 or .5 handle be utilized in low aspiration. As the instrument is rotated around its axis the opening of the aspiration handpiece is up, the cortex is grasped, and the surgeon is able to stay away from the posterior capsule. The incidence of vitreous loss is markedly reduced. PMID- 7266976 TI - Lid lag and lagophthalmos: a clarification of terminology. AB - Lid lag, lagophthalmos and von Grafe's sign are useful terms which refer to important clinical signs. Despite the fact that they have discrete meanings, they are often used interchangeably and incorrectly by many ophthalmologists and, therefore, their value has been degraded. We provide definitions for these commonly used (but often confused) ophthalmic terms: Lagophthalmos is the inability to completely close the eyes; Lid lag is the static situation in which the eyelid is higher than normal with the globe in downgaze; and von Grafe's sign is a dynamic sign describing the retarded descent of the eyelid during movement of the globe from primary position to downgaze. It is our hope that these terms will be adopted by the ophthalmic community so that precision in definition will lead to clarity of thought and communication. PMID- 7266977 TI - Changes in corneal thickness during radial keratotomy. PMID- 7266978 TI - Late failure of a dacryocystorhinostomy from sarcoidosis. PMID- 7266979 TI - Posterior sclerotomy: a surgical approach for lowering intraocular pressure. PMID- 7266981 TI - Optic nerve clipping for hemostasis during enucleation. AB - An instrument is described for sectioning the optic nerve during enucleation that has several advantages over presently used techniques. the instrument applies a nonreactive, tantalum clip around the optic nerve, and a built-in knife blade transects the nerve anterior to the clip. In addition to providing rapid and effective hemostasis of the vessels within and surrounding the optic nerve, the device cuts only tissue that is encompassed by the clip and not extraneous structures. PMID- 7266980 TI - Iris incarceration associated with digital ocular massage. AB - Iris incarceration into the trabeculectomy site occurred in three patients following the use of digital ocular massage to maintain satisfactory aqueous humor filtration. The iris incarceration occurred within the first six weeks after surgery and the institution of ocular massage. There had been no complications at the time of surgery, and immediately postoperatively the iris was in normal position. The success of the trabeculectomies was compromised by the iris incarceration. PMID- 7266982 TI - Preparation of intravitreal drug doses. AB - Due to the narrow therapeutic index injected into the vitreous cavity, this study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of preparation of an intravitreal drug dose (400 microgram/0.1 ml from a stock solution of 40mg/ml) when prepared by pharmacists and physicians using the preparation method each would utilize in a clinical setting and to determine which of nine standard preparation methods is most accurate. PMID- 7266983 TI - Particle-free environment for refractive keratoplasty. AB - The refractive keratoplasty techniques of keratomileusis and keratophakia require meticulous care to avoid intralamellar foreign particles. A portable High Efficiency Particular Air Filter Unit has been designed to meet the needs of those surgeons clinically performing this surgery. The unit, combined with amorphic techniques has minimized the clinical problem of particulate matter for the general hospital. PMID- 7266984 TI - The accuracy of ultrasonic measurement of the axial length of the eye. PMID- 7266985 TI - Stripping of Descemet's membrane after glaucoma surgery. PMID- 7266986 TI - Role of the CO2 laser in chorioretino-iridocyclectomy. AB - Surgical extirpation of a uveal melanoma was performed by a sclerochorioretino iridocyclectomy using an externally focused CO2 laser. This was followed by a lens extraction and partial vitrectomy. The uveal melanoma proved to be of a mixed cell type. The minimal operative and postoperative hemorrhaging was attributed in part to the cauterizing cutting characteristics of the CO2 laser. Extensive coagulation necrosis produced by the CO2 laser precluded histopathologic evaluation of the resected tissue margin. PMID- 7266987 TI - Magnetized instrument removal of foreign body through the pars plana. PMID- 7266988 TI - The use of sodium-hyaluronate (Healon) in the treatment of retinal detachment. PMID- 7266989 TI - Flieringa ring--the poor man's operating keratometer. PMID- 7266991 TI - Moore lens implant forceps. PMID- 7266990 TI - Use of anti-fogging agents in the operating room. PMID- 7266992 TI - Use of a pulsed neodymium Yag laser (picosecond) to open the posterior lens capsule in traumatic cataract: a preliminary report. AB - The use of an ultra short Nd Yag laser pulses is described for the opening of secondary traumatic cataract and iridocapsular synechiae. Both pigmented and non pigmented ocular tissue were cut without causing adverse thermal effects and without opening the eye. The laser instantaneous release of energy causes total ionization of the medium and formation of a plasma, followed by a hydrodynamic shock wave originating at the energy zone boundary. The temperature at the site of the laser contact cannot exceed 2 X 10(-3) degrees C, which is not harmful to the eye. Further, this procedure requires no anesthesia and does not involve introduction of foreign material into the eye. The degree of aiming accuracy, the very small diameter of the beam (50 microns) make the laser so precise that it virtually eliminates the risk of damage to the eye and/or the intraocular lens. PMID- 7266993 TI - Pseudo vitreous hemorrhage: a new intraoperative complication of sodium hyaluronate. PMID- 7266994 TI - [Reconstruction after injuries of the lacrimal canaliculus]. PMID- 7266995 TI - Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. VI. In juvenile diabetics. AB - 3 cases of acute optic neuropathy in juvenile diabetics are reported. The neuropathy included initially optic disc edema (ODE), usually with prominent, dilated and frequently telangiectatic vessels over the disc, and later, generally, development of optic disc-related visual field defects. On resolution of the neuropathy, the disc was normal in all eyes except for a mild pallor in one, and the visual acuity and fields recovered to normal. 2 of the patients also had early diabetic retinopathy. The nature of the optic neuropathy is discussed. We feel the available evidence indicates that the condition most likely represents a mild or subclinical anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) despite the youth of the patient. It is pertinent to note that AION can vary widely not only in severity (from subclinical to severe) but also in age distribution (from juvenile to elderly), and the subject is discussed. The clinical significance of early detection of this optic neuropathy, and the dangers of confusing it with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or ODE due to other causes, are stressed. PMID- 7266997 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of the soft tissue in the orbit. AB - A 61-year-old Japanese man was treated for eosinophilic granuloma of the soft tissue in the orbit. The clinical characteristics were typical for eosinophilic granuloma of the soft tissue: 8% eosinophils, very soft tumor masses in both orbits, multifocal lesions including the salivary glands, good response to steroid hormone, and hypergammaglobulinemia. The ocular signs were exophthalmos and lid swelling. Light microscopy showed many lymphoid follicles with many eosinophils, also in other parts of the body. The previously reported cases of orbital lesion are reviewed. Patients with orbital eosinophilic granuloma of the soft tissue are apt to be 30-50 years of age, older than patients without ocular lesions. PMID- 7266996 TI - Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. AB - 3 patients (5 eyes) with posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) are presented. PION is a distinct clinical entity, caused by ischemia of the posterior part of the optic nerve. These eyes presented with a visual acuity varying from normal to no light perception, optic nerve-related visual field defects, and no fundus abnormality (on ophthalmoscopy or fluorescein fundus angiography) at the onset of the disease and for about a month thereafter, but after about 5-6 weeks the optic disc developed atrophic changes. The pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and possible management of PION are discussed. PMID- 7266998 TI - [Frequency of HLA antigens in Greek patients with open-angle glaucoma]. AB - 50 Greek patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were tissue-typed for a total of 29 HLA antigens (groups A and B). The results were compared with those of 200 control persons. A statistically significant difference at the level of p less than 0.05 was noted only with regard to the A2 antigen. These findings are in accordance with those of other authors who found no correlation between glaucoma simplex and the frequency of HLA antigens. PMID- 7266999 TI - Bloody tears from an orbital varix. PMID- 7267000 TI - Iridic metastasis of a uterine carcinoma. PMID- 7267001 TI - Bilateral central retinal vein occlusion in a patient with scleroderma. AB - A 53-year-old man with scleroderma, pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac decompensation and secondary polycythaemia, but no arterial hypertension, developed central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in the left eye. 1.5 years later, during the treatment with systemic steroids and anticoagulants, he developed CRVO in the right eye, and a further half year later, secondary glaucoma in the left eye and loss of the visual acuity to counting fingers at 2.5 m in the right eye and at 0.5 m in the left. Retinal vascular changes, pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency and secondary polycythemia, symptoms of scleroderma, most probably contributed to the development of bilateral CRVO. PMID- 7267002 TI - Intraocular pressure elevation-cause or effect in chronic glaucoma? AB - Adopting Popper's points of view on objective knowledge towards the theory that increased intraocular pressure is the cause of optic nerve atrophy in chronic glaucoma, we find numerous attempts to support this theory by ad hoc hypotheses. This occurs at the cost of diminished prediction value. Preliminary investigations aiming at a verification of the beneficent effect of pressure reduction in glaucoma by applying improved methods have given disappointing results. Prospective, randomized studies on groups of treated and nontreated patients with manifest glaucoma are necessary in order to falsify or verify the pressure theory. PMID- 7267003 TI - Acute ocular hypotony. A rare complication of temporal arteritis. AB - Acute ocular hypotony is a serious, but rare complication of temporal arteritis. It occurs equally often in men and women, and appears mostly in patients older than 70 years. This complication may occur in one or in both eyes. In the literature 7 cases of temporal arteritis accompanied by ocular hypotony have been reported. Hypotony probably results from a restricted production of aqueous humor caused by involvement of the arteries supplying the ciliary body. A high-dose corticoid therapy may normalize completely the intraocular pressure, and a timely treatment may preserve a satisfactory vision, since an insufficient perfusion of the optic disc does not necessarily occur. Scalp necrosis and diplopia may appear at the same time, and are a sign of multiple involvement of the arterial vessels. PMID- 7267004 TI - Nail pigmentation following timolol maleate therapy. PMID- 7267006 TI - Densitometric analysis of macular fluorescein angiography. AB - The authors analyze the fluorescein angiographic features of the macula by means of an image processor. The densitometric variations occurring during the various angiographic phases, in the various age-groups of the subjects and with different retinal adaptations, are studied. PMID- 7267005 TI - Exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of conjunctival tumours. PMID- 7267007 TI - [Direction-changing spontaneous nystagmus with simultaneous change in pupil diameter and eyelid interspace. Oculopupillomotor syndrome in blindness due to dysgenesis mesodermalis iridis et corneae Rieger]. AB - Case report on a 47-year-old man who got blind during the last 10 years because of dysgenesis mesodermalis iridis et corneae Rieger. The patient showed an oculopupillomotor syndrome consisting of direction-changing spontaneous nystagmus and simultaneous changes of pupil diameter and eyelid interspace. The specific modification of direction, form, frequency, and amplitude of nystagmus under central influences such as emotional excitement, change of gaze, eye closure, head tilt, and other vestibular stimuli was registered electronystagmographically and is described in this paper. The unique oculomotor disturbance is compared pathogenetically with periodic oculomotor phenomena such as periodic alternating nystagmus, other types of direction-changing nystagmus, and uninhibited oculomotoricity of the blind. Loss of cerebellar inhibition mechanisms in the central pathogenesis of this syndrome is discussed hypothetically. PMID- 7267008 TI - Cataract and other clouds. PMID- 7267009 TI - Coming out of the office. The need for local involvement. PMID- 7267010 TI - Update report on intraocular lenses. AB - Intraocular lenses have been regulated by the Bureau of Devices of the Food and Drug Administration since February 9, 1978. One year ago, data were reported through August 9, 1979, at which time more than 177,000 lenses of four different classes had been implanted. In the meantime, appeals and legal action by the Public Citizens Health Research Group of Washington, DC, have resulted in a re examination of the intraocular lens issue and the FDA study of the lenses, which has resulted in a delay in any premarket approval, and prohibits the public release of the results of the study to date. This sequence of interesting interactions between physicians, manufacturers, the Food and Drug Administration, and a "consumer" group is outlined. PMID- 7267011 TI - Photocoagulation of retinal, vascular, and macular diseases through intraocular lenses. AB - A survey of physicians in several retinal centers in this country provided information on more than 500 patients who underwent photocoagulation treatment primarily for retinal, vascular, and macular diseases, and in some instances, for retinal breaks. One hundred forty-two physicians responded to a questionnaire providing a broader experience on this type of photocoagulation. Seventy-eight of the physicians had not performed photocoagulation through an intraocular lens (IOL) and 64 had treated one or more patients. In view of the essentially satisfactory fundus lesions obtained by photocoagulation through IOLs, one can consider this as an acceptable form of treatment recognizing the problem of visualization in certain patients. If photocoagulation is anticipated at some time after the implantation of an IOL, the technique used should permit safe dilatation of the pupil. The special situation for IOLs in patients with diabetes and macular degeneration is discussed. PMID- 7267012 TI - Retinal detachments following intraocular lens implantation. AB - Pseudophakic retinal detachments are more difficult to manage than the phakic variety, primarily because of increased difficulties in visualizing the peripheral retina. A review of the characteristics of 70 pseudophakic retinal detachments revealed that they were similar to those following routine cataract extraction, although we noted a mild tendency for periretinal membrane formation to be more commonly associated with the former group. Despite problems in viewing pseudophakic detachments, our data suggest that their repair rate closely approximates that for aphakic eyes, assuming allowances are made for the number of cases with significant periretinal membranes that are accepted for surgery. Visual results following successful surgery may be somewhat lower than those in comparable aphakic eyes. PMID- 7267013 TI - Closed vitrectomy and the intraocular implant. AB - Closed vitrectomy was successfully performed on eyes containing intraocular lenses (IOLs) in order to remove retropseudophakic membranes, remove vitreous strands surrounding IOLs or adherent to the corneoscleral incision and iris in cases of persistent cystoid macular edema (CME), assist in the relocation of IOLs which had dislocated into the vitreous, and to relieve pseudophakic pupillary block. Closed vitrectomy was also performed to remove vitreous present in the anterior segment prior to secondary IOL implantation. Techniques and results of 33 closed vitrectomies in such instances are presented. PMID- 7267014 TI - Intraocular lens power formulas. AB - We have developed a FORTRAN digital computer program to evaluate intraocular lens power for any thin lens and combination of corneal curvature and axial length. Partial derivatives of the power with respect to cornea power, axial length, and lens position allow estimation of error in power of the lens. These derivatives are computed along with power of the lens for six far points which may be changed with the program running. The program is written for remote access so that an ordinary telephone and portable terminal provide the ability to compute lens power. PMID- 7267015 TI - Pars plana lensectomy by ultrasonic fragmentation. Results of a retrospective study. AB - The results of a retrospective study of pars plana lensectomy by ultrasonic fragmentation are reviewed. More than 93% of the 284 eyes achieved 20/20-20/40 vision. Complications in 284 operations included retinal detachment (1.7%) and chronic macular edema (3.9%). In the last 100 operations performed, 98% of the eyes achieved 20/20-20/40 vision, with one retinal detachment, one macular hole, and no chronic cystoid macular edema. PMID- 7267016 TI - Pars plicata lensectomy and vitrectomy in the management of congenital cataracts. PMID- 7267017 TI - Microfibrillar collagen hemostat in ophthalmic surgery. PMID- 7267018 TI - Chest pain in the postoperative ophthalmic patient. AB - A retrospective analysis of the postoperative ophthalmic surgical mortality during the 20-year period ending in 1974 at the Jules Stein Eye Institute was performed. Eleven of 17,632 patients died following ophthalmic surgery (0.062%). Frequently, the cause of death was related to pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or pneumonia. The postoperative complications were often heralded by complaints referable to the chest, and misdiagnosis was common. A simplified approach to postoperative chest pain based on location is presented. PMID- 7267019 TI - The use of intraocular gases. The results of sulfur hexafluoride gas in retinal detachment surgery. AB - The results of SF6 gas in 69 retinal detachment cases managed with nonvitrectomy techniques are presented. Of 57 cases followed six months, 64.9% were reattached and 61.4% showed stabilization of visual acuity at 20/60 or better or improvement in vision from the preoperative level. Visual and anatomical results were similar between 16 giant tear cases managed with SF6 and a similar previous series from the same institution managed with air. Complications possibly attributable to gas were development or progression of mild cataract changes in 27% of phakic patients and transient elevation of intraocular pressure in 26% of all patients on the first preoperative day. Presumed central retinal artery occlusion occurred in four patients with elevated pressure, with permanent loss of light perception in three diabetic patients. In selected cases where other methods or air will not suffice, SF6 can be useful if used cautiously. PMID- 7267020 TI - Indomethacin. PMID- 7267021 TI - Fibrous ingrowth with retrocorneal membrane. AB - A case of retrocorneal fibrous membrane is reported in a patient who underwent cataract extraction and experienced a postoperative hyphema. A distinctive straw colored appearance to the membrane was due to blood staining. A penetrating keratoplasty with extensive anterior segment surgery restored the eye to useful vision. The penetrating keratoplasty specimen disclosed an unusual double-layered retrocorneal fibrous membrane, produced in part by a vascularized fibrous ingrowth and also by fibroblastic transformation of the corneal endothelial cells. PMID- 7267022 TI - The education and role of ocularists present and future. AB - The present and future role of ocularists will depend primarily on the quality of educational and evaluation processes within the field; and secondarily, on adequate education outside the field concerning the unique services ocularists provide. The evolution of this field has followed the paradigm that has characterized specialization within medicine. This begins with the development of special expertise in an area and progresses to the fourth stage of external recognition and acceptance of the status of certification. Ocularists are now embarking on this fourth stage, but have considerable challenges to face before this stage is realized. Between ocularists and ophthalmologists there is a need for a genuine alliance in education as well as in health care delivery. This can be fostered best through communication, collaboration, and cooperation. Collaborative experiences during education would promote continuity in learning and cooperative relationships which would facilitate a smooth transition from training into practice relationships. PMID- 7267023 TI - Update on thyroid diseases. PMID- 7267024 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid myopathy. AB - Twenty-five patients with thyroid myopathy were referred to our Strabismus Clinic for treatment of diplopia. Prism treatment was effective in only three. When the remaining 22 patients' ocular motility problems and thyroid states were stable, surgical management was undertaken. The preoperative evaluation included visual fields, iris angiograms, binocular diplopia fields, intraocular pressures in different positions of gaze and A-scan echography. The goal of surgery was to produce as large a binocular visual field from primary as possible. Supramaximal recessions of the involved muscles were often needed and adjustable sutures were an important part of the surgical management. The complications encountered included limitation of movement into the field of the recessed muscle, inducement of an A-pattern in downgaze, and postoperative instability. PMID- 7267025 TI - Surgical treatment of thyroid-related upper eyelid retraction. Graded Muller's muscle excision and levator recession. AB - A graded, controlled excision of Muller's muscle with or without recession of the levator aponeurosis using sensory without motor anesthesia is an excellent technique for releasing thyroid-related upper eyelid retraction. The procedure has provided statistically significant success rates in the first 53 upper eyelids treated by this technique that were carefully analyzed postoperatively. It has continued to provide consistently good results in an additional 49 upper eyelids. The six complications in the first 53 cases included nasal ptosis (4), diffuse ptosis (1), and residual eyelid retraction (1). These were easily rectified with a second simple surgical procedure. The operation described is considered superior to other techniques in treating thyroid-related upper eyelid retraction because other procedures have not been analyzed in large enough numbers to demonstrate as high a degree of success as this operation. The procedure is simple, based on anatomic and physiologic principles, tailored to the individual patient intraoperatively, and yields consistently good results. PMID- 7267026 TI - Inferior orbital decompression for dysthyroid optic neuropathy. AB - Six bilateral and two unilateral cases of dysthyroid optic neuropathy are presented. These patients underwent inferior orbital decompression through a lower-lid approach, with removal of the orbital floor and underlying antral mucosa. They demonstrated improved visual function as evidenced by visual acuity, visual fields, or visually evoked potentials. PMID- 7267028 TI - Idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumor in childhood. II. Results of diagnostic tests and biopsies. AB - Twenty-nine patients with pediatric orbital pseudotumor underwent a wide variety of diagnostic tests including biopsies. The following abnormalities were discovered: peripheral blood eosinophilia (9/29 patients); elevated ESR (17/27); elevated antinuclear antibody titres in the Tolosa-Hunt variant (2/2); hypercomplementemia (2/3); and mild CSF pleocytosis (2/6). Thyroid function tests were normal in nine patients so studied. B-mode ultrasonography performed on 12 patients displayed abnormalities in all cases (some combination of Tenonitis, myositis, perioptic inflammation, or mass effect). Computed tomography in seven patients provided higher resolution confirmation of these findings. Orbital bone changes and serious sinus disease were absent on routine radiographic studies. Biopsies performed on 16 patients disclosed mild lymphocytic inflammation in all cases, fibrosis and tissue eosinophilia in 9 biopsies (6 correlating with peripheral blood eosinophilia). Nine biopsies demonstrated a lipogranulomatous response to damaged fat cells. A true vasculitis or extensive lymphoid hyperplasia was not identified in any biopsy specimen. PMID- 7267027 TI - Vascular studies of the orbital cavity. AB - The orbital cavity is a dynamic region filled with pulsatile vascular structures. Newly developed ultrasonic-imaging equipment enables the physician to study the in-vivo motion of orbital tissues and their blood vessels to obtain pertinent diagnostic information relating to orbital diseases. Evidence of enhanced vascular activity is observed in endocrine ophthalmopathy and other orbital inflammatory conditions. Blood vessels within tumors help to localize the abnormalities and give clues relating to an accurate tissue diagnosis. These examinations are performed repeatedly and noninvasively in a clinical environment. PMID- 7267030 TI - Computer-enhanced studies of diabetic retinopathy: I. AB - A computer program designed according to the needs of clinical investigators has recently been implemented. This ambitious undertaking allows the ophthalmologist direct interfacing and control over all his data, presently 3,252 diabetic patient records, and thus harnesses his hypothesis-testing intuitions with the memory, speed, and flexibility of modern-day computers. There are three program modes: QUERY, a disease-independent language by which the clinician selects his population; SELECT, the actual computer selection, and DISPLAY: where general statistical maneuvers, relationships among disease parameters, ancillary data compilations, and printouts are performed. Being computer-independent and disease independent, and adaptable to most needs of clinical investigators, this computer program brings a refreshingly new approach to the study of disease. PMID- 7267029 TI - The natural history of retinopathy in insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetes. AB - We determined the cross-sectional natural history of retinopathy by prospective study of 461 insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetics. In so doing, we compared the sensitivity of ophthalmoscopy, photography, and fluorescein angiography in detecting retinopathy. Photography was far more reliable than ophthalmoscopy in detecting early retinopathy and equivalent to angiography. Retinopathy was not present at diagnosis of diabetes. After a lag period, the prevalence of retinopathy rose in sigmoidal fashion, reaching 50% at just over seven years duration, and asymptotically approaching 90% at 17--50 years. Proliferative retinopathy was first seen at 13 years duration, and its prevalence rose to 26% at 26--50 years. From the natural history we computed the dimensions of a proposed clinical trial to test the effect of tight metabolic control in prevention of retinopathy. PMID- 7267031 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment. AB - One hundred twenty-five consecutive cases of traction macular detachment secondary to diabetic retinopathy are analyzed. Visual results show 72% to have improvement. Long-term follow-up (average 39 months) of the initial 75 cases revealed that 62% of the initially improved cases remained improved. Neovascular glaucoma rate continues to be higher in aphakic eyes as compared to phakic eyes. PMID- 7267032 TI - Vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy associated with vitreous hemorrhage. AB - This paper describes experience gained with 663 eyes of patients with diabetic vitreous hemorrhage treated by closed vitrectomy with a follow-up period of six months. Hemorrhages were nearly always associated with proliferative retinopathy (97%) and were thought to be caused always by ruptured proliferative vessels. Membrane removal was performed in 42% of all cases but in 60% when the retina was detached. The most common surgical complication was creation of retinal holes; more common when the posterior retina was detached (32%) than when it was attached (18%). The lens was removed in 73% of the cases. Eighty-two percent of the retained clear lenses remained clear at the six months follow-up period. Therefore, clear lenses should not be removed. Visual improvement could be achieved in 59% of the cases where the posterior retina was attached but only in 25% where it was detached resulting in an overall major visual improvement in 46% of the cases. If one adds to this group the cases that retained reasonable vision of 20/200 or better, the overall success rate was 51%. Posterior retinal detachment and rubeosis of the iris were the main factors for a bad prognosis. Forty-two percent of all eyes had at least some degree of rubeosis iridis. Most of the preoperative rubeotic eyes had rubeosis postoperatively (71%). Twenty three percent of all eyes ended up with neovascular glaucoma. PMID- 7267033 TI - Alterations in blood elements in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. AB - The role of altered blood elements in the pathogenesis of retinal ischemia and diabetic retinopathy and the relationship to abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and to elevated levels of growth hormone are discussed. These changes involve red blood cells, platelets, plasma proteins, fibrinolytic response, and vascular endothelium. The significance of blood elements mediated by plasma is noted with aggregation of normal red cells when cross-matched with diabetic plasma and with intensive plasmapheresis, which caused red cell disaggregation and improvement of retinopathy. The relationship of metabolic control to diabetic retinopathy is reviewed and is evident by improvement of retinopathy occurring eight weeks after continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin. A hypothesis is presented which integrates the multifactorial processes involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Only through future research can one prove the implicated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and the role of strict metabolic control in altering the progression of retinopathy. PMID- 7267034 TI - Morphometry of diabetic conjunctival blood vessels. AB - Photographs of the bulbar conjunctiva of 56 diabetic and 59 nondiabetic control patients were analyzed by newly developed morphometric techniques. When compared to controls diabetic patients showed: (1) decreased vascularity in the capillary bed but an increased vascularity of the venules with a volume shift in the distribution of blood into the venules; (2) an increased capillary pressure but comparable flow and, therefore, increased capillary resistance; (3) an increase in the range of background density suggesting either focal thickening of the interstitial tissue or variable amounts of fluid within the tissue; (4) a decrease in the percentage of the area occupied by microvessels; and (5) an increase in diffusion distance to all vessels. PMID- 7267035 TI - Viewing through the asteroids. AB - Thirty to seventy percent of patients with asteroid hyalosis will also have diabetes. In this group of patients where view of the fundus is essential, it is often difficult or impossible by conventional ophthalmoscopy. We have noted the excellent visualization of fundus detail in asteroid hyalosis on routine fundus fluorescein angiography. The asteroid bodies are "optically removed" from the vitreous with this technique, thus affording a view for diagnosis previously thought impossible without actual vitrectomy. A series of patients, optimal camera filter combination, and a theory for this effect are presented. PMID- 7267036 TI - Active central retinal artery embolization. AB - A 44-year-old white woman with metastatic breast carcinoma and ongoing showers of branch and central retinal artery emboli is presented. The patient had no ocular complaints and demonstrated no cumulative effect from the embolic material, the cause of which remained undetermined despite intensive systemic medical evaluation. PMID- 7267037 TI - Vitreous cinematography in the study of vitreoretinal diseases. AB - A new technique of vitreous cinematography involves scanning of the vitreous cavity using optical sections to provide objective, reproducible information on the dynamics of the posterior vitreous and vitreoretinal relationships. Using a newly developed preset lens (El Bayadi-Kajiura lens), this technique makes it possible to document an entire optical section of the posterior vitreous. This is done by mechanically displacing the vitreous so that maximum reflectivity can be obtained from the vitreous gel. This article describes the technique and presents clinical examples documenting complete and incomplete vitreous detachment in normal eyes, Cloquet's canal associated with an optic disc pit, vitreous traction associated with a lamellar hole in an area of preretinal macular fibrosis, and vitreous traction at the anterior flap of a retinal break. PMID- 7267038 TI - Vitreous changes in retinal branch vein occlusion. AB - The vitreous was studied in 50 eyes with retinal branch vein occlusion (RBVO) and compared to an age-matched control group. The incidence of partial vitreous detachment was significantly higher (22%) in the RBVO group than in the control group (2.2%) (P less than 0.01). The incidence of preretinal neovascularization in the RBVO group was 22%. No new vessels formed in eyes with complete posterior vitreous detachment (P less than 0.05). The risk of vitreous hemorrhage was greatest in patients with partial vitreous detachment (64%). There was no significant correlation between the status of the vitreoretinal relationship and the development of macular edema, which occurred in 56% of the patients. In two patients, intermittent vitreous traction on the fovea may have influenced the evolution of chronic macular edema and lamellar hole formation. Vascular occlusive disease of the retina produces significant changes in the overlying vitreous. These vitreous changes in turn influence the development of complications following retinal vascular occlusions. PMID- 7267039 TI - Long-term evaluation of patients with Best's vitelliform dystrophy. AB - We examined 91 patients with Best's dystrophy and followed 54 affected individuals for five years. Most eyes with normal maculas, minimal pigment epithelial changes, atrophic maculae, or fibrous macular scars did not change stage. Eyes with vitelliform or pseudohypopyon lesions progressed to later atrophic macular stages. Visual acuity decreased after age 40 and was worse for patients with atrophic maculas and fibrous scars. Nineteen percent of patients with atrophic maculas or fibrous scars who were followed for 8 to 10 years were the only patients to lose vision. PMID- 7267041 TI - Choroidal osteoma. PMID- 7267042 TI - Middle ear mucosa in chronic effusions. AB - Biopsies of the middle ear mucosa were performed in 11 patients receiving their first ventilation tubes and in 5 patients who were admitted for reinsertion of tubes for chronic mucoid effusion. All patients had had the disease for at least 6 months. Mucosubstances were seen in the form of a mucus blanket, and as positive staining in the apical parts of the epithelial cells. Goblet cells varied greatly in frequency and larger subepithelial glands were present in cases of longer duration and intermittent discharge. In the majority of specimens, mononuclear cells were frequent in the propria, forming lymphocyte follicles in some cases. One-third of the specimens showed distinct fibrotic changes, and only a few inflammatory cells were present. Thus, mucosal response consisted of immune cells and could be due to chronic irritation, caused by bacteria and their immune complexes. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were not present except in the effusion itself, a circumstance which points to infection as the causative factor. Pronounced proprial changes may indicate irreversibility of the disease. PMID- 7267040 TI - Hemorrhagic corneal pannus simulating a spontaneous expulsive hemorrhage. AB - An elderly, Spanish-speaking patient, who was a poor historian, presented with a hemorrhagic corneal condition that was mistakenly diagnosed as a spontaneous expulsive choroidal hemorrhage leading to enucleation of the globe. The enucleation specimen revealed pathologically a diffuse hemorrhagic pannus without corneal perforation in an eye with end-stage chronic angle closure glaucoma. The absence of clear-cut antecedent trauma, corneal ulceration, and pain at the time of presentation should have militated against the mistaken diagnosis. Diagnostic tests to establish more securely the diagnosis of expulsive hemorrhage are summarized. PMID- 7267043 TI - Operated bilateral acoustic neurinoma with preservation of hearing and facial nerve function. PMID- 7267044 TI - Cerebral control of eye movements. PMID- 7267045 TI - Effect of treatment in maxillary sinusitis. PMID- 7267046 TI - [Theoretical basis for the optimal positioning of an intervertebral support after diskectomy]. PMID- 7267047 TI - [Biomechanical methods of studying function of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7267048 TI - [Single zero-neutral method of measuring joint movements and the circumference and length of the extremities]. PMID- 7267049 TI - [Venospondylography and myelography in the diagnosis of lumbar disk prolapse]. PMID- 7267050 TI - [Functional state of the peripheral blood circulation in uncomplicated spinal compression fractures in children]. PMID- 7267051 TI - [Periodic nature of traffic accidents over a 24-hour period]. PMID- 7267052 TI - [Organization of emergency care for victims with open fractures of the long bones]. PMID- 7267053 TI - [Painless osteoid osteoma]. PMID- 7267054 TI - [Apparatus for treating dislocation of the acromial end of the clavicle]. PMID- 7267055 TI - [Physicomathematical aspects of supraosseous compression osteosynthesis]. PMID- 7267056 TI - [Apparatus for treating intra-articular fractures]. PMID- 7267057 TI - [Method of increasing the reliability of posterior spinal fixation]. PMID- 7267058 TI - [Method of measuring the axial micromobility of leg bone fragments in compression distraction osteosynthesis]. PMID- 7267059 TI - [Device for measuring linear and angular values of the hip joint]. PMID- 7267060 TI - [Light-weight punch]. PMID- 7267061 TI - [Soft tissue protector in making a "window" in a plaster cast]. PMID- 7267062 TI - [Device for juxtaposition of the fragments in transverse and oblique-transverse fractures of the long bones]. PMID- 7267063 TI - [Method of evaluating the late treatment results in fractures of the long bones]. PMID- 7267064 TI - [Biomechanical principles of Ilizarov's treatment of rigid pseudarthroses of the coxa and crus with angular displacement of the fragments]. PMID- 7267065 TI - [Orthopedic treatment of talipes planovalgus deformities of the feet in children]. PMID- 7267066 TI - [Expert x-ray evaluation of the sequelae of vertebrospinal injuries]. PMID- 7267067 TI - [Sensitization to Staphylococcus in patients with long-term nonhealing wounds of lower extremity stumps]. PMID- 7267068 TI - [Dysplasia of the proximal epiphysis of the tibia]. PMID- 7267069 TI - [Experience in preventing posttraumatic arthrosis deformans of the knee in athletes]. PMID- 7267070 TI - [Surgical anatomy characteristics of the human obturator nerve from the viewpoint of the orthopedist and anesthesiologist]. PMID- 7267071 TI - [Krukenberg's operation: is it topical today?]. PMID- 7267072 TI - [Case of spontaneous bone resorption]. PMID- 7267074 TI - [Primary intraosseous metallic osteosynthesis in open comminuted diaphyseal fractures of the leg bones]. PMID- 7267073 TI - [Case of severe leg injury]. PMID- 7267076 TI - [Use of ultrasound in the combined treatment of arthrosis deformans]. PMID- 7267075 TI - [Isolated posterior dislocation of the head of the fibula]. PMID- 7267077 TI - [Fractures of the sesamoid bones of the hallux]. PMID- 7267079 TI - [Subchondral tunnelization in arthrosis deformans of the knee]. PMID- 7267080 TI - [Prosthetic characteristics of patients with stumps of both hips and concomitant cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7267078 TI - [Orthopedic treatment of hemophilic arthropathies]. PMID- 7267081 TI - [Method of preventing recurrence and of improving the effectiveness of the surgical treatment of congenital patellar dislocation]. PMID- 7267082 TI - [Method of surgical treatment in posttraumatic radioulnar synostosis in children]. PMID- 7267083 TI - [Social hygiene factors of injuries among workers in different branches of industry]. PMID- 7267084 TI - [Automated system for processing questionnaires using computers]. PMID- 7267085 TI - [Follow-up social examination of the living conditions of scoliosis patients]. PMID- 7267086 TI - [Scoliotic disease in schoolchildren taking into account local medical geographic conditions]. PMID- 7267087 TI - [Apropos V. K. Iarovoi's article, "Ambulatory chiropractic treatment method in the acute manifestations of cervical osteochondrosis"]. PMID- 7267088 TI - [Amputations and the prosthesis stages in obliterative arterial diseases of the extremities]. PMID- 7267089 TI - A capillary tube centrifugal method for the measurement of cellular deformability. PMID- 7267091 TI - Determination of blood lead by anodic stripping voltammetry equipped with mercury electrode. PMID- 7267090 TI - In vitro comparative study of the anticoagulant action of lung and gut heparin: part 1. PMID- 7267092 TI - Evaluation of streptococcal preparation (OK-432) local injection in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma. PMID- 7267093 TI - Effects of heavy metal ions on mechanical fragility of human blood cells. PMID- 7267094 TI - Physiological properties of senescent red cells sequestrated in the rat spleen. PMID- 7267096 TI - [Variations in serum uric acid levels during the 2d pregnancy trimester]. PMID- 7267095 TI - Emphysematous pyelonephritis: report of two cases and review of literatures. PMID- 7267097 TI - [Experience with surgery of the vascular ring in infancy and childhood]. PMID- 7267098 TI - [Conservative treatment of rupture of the spleen in a child]. PMID- 7267099 TI - [Severe autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7267100 TI - [Hormonal protective therapy]. PMID- 7267101 TI - [Removal of a foreign body from the stomach using an endoscope]. PMID- 7267102 TI - [Premature birth, perinatal morbidity and mortality]. PMID- 7267103 TI - [Carrier state of Staph aureus and umbilical management in the neonatal stage]. PMID- 7267104 TI - [Menetrier's giant gastritis]. PMID- 7267105 TI - [Cytogenetic studies of malignant follicular centrocyte related lymphomas]. PMID- 7267106 TI - [Diabetes insipidus in infancy and childhood]. PMID- 7267107 TI - [Giant retroperitoneal plasma cell lymph node hyperplasia]. PMID- 7267109 TI - [Clinical observations in epidemic vertigo]. PMID- 7267108 TI - [Urinary acid and creatinine levels in newborn hypoxic infants]. PMID- 7267110 TI - [Developmental anomalies in offsprings of epileptic mothers]. PMID- 7267111 TI - [Perinatal mortality statistics at the Obstetric Clinic of the New Jersey University Medical Center]. PMID- 7267112 TI - [Colonic stenosis as a complication of pancreatitis]. PMID- 7267113 TI - [Treponema immune adherence test: serologic and clinical evaluation]. PMID- 7267114 TI - [Significance of oxygen tension in arterialized capillary blood in intensive care of newborn infants]. PMID- 7267115 TI - [Drugless therapy of hypertension]. PMID- 7267116 TI - [Comments on certain aspects of obstetrical anesthesia]. PMID- 7267117 TI - [Metabolic effects of breast feeding and bottle feeding in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7267118 TI - [Changes in glucose tolerance following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography]. PMID- 7267120 TI - [Reducing transfusion requirements in chronic hemodialysis patients by subtotal parathyroidectomy]. PMID- 7267119 TI - [Traumatic curvature of the long bones in children]. PMID- 7267121 TI - [Lactic acidosis following fructose infusion]. PMID- 7267122 TI - [Significance of the gravidogram in maternal care]. PMID- 7267123 TI - Investigating medical staff applications. PMID- 7267124 TI - Practice management. Choosing a retirement plan late in your career. PMID- 7267125 TI - A safe ride for Pennsylvania's children. PMID- 7267126 TI - Emotional concomitants of severe learning disabilities. PMID- 7267127 TI - The adolescent with chronic disease. AB - The many challenging, painful and complex problems of chronic illness are intensified during the adolescent years due to a myriad of rapid growth and development changes which must occur in order to achieve complete maturity. The more traditional approaches to chronic illness predicated on the categorial disease or an organ system model have not been helpful in dealing with adolescents. Thus, a development approach is offered as a more appropriate methodology for addressing this complex problem. With increasing awareness of this development perspective and maximal use of medical, psychological and social technology and resources, chronically ill adolescents can in most instances be helped to lead satisfying and useful lives. PMID- 7267128 TI - Immunization for adolescents. AB - The current status of immunization practice and recommendations for adolescents is reviewed. Vaccines for diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps and rubella are discussed in detail and vaccines for influenza, the pneumococci, meningococci, varicella, rabies, smallpox and tuberculosis briefly reviewed. Special attention is paid to those aspects of each vaccine and disease particularly appropriate to the adolescent age period. PMID- 7267129 TI - Syphilis and gonorrhea; epidemiology update. AB - The epidemiologic patterns of venereal diseases (VD) in Greece were studied using data from the National Statistical Service, the University Hospital for VD and the special clinic for VD of the Ministry of Health, where prostitutes and homosexuals are examined. The main findings are as follows. Between 1962 and 1976 the frequency of both syphilis and gonorrhea declined among men as well as among women but the decline was more evident among women and among the older age groups (20+). Among men, the highest incidence is the age group 20-29 years, whereas among women the peak incidence is a little earlier. The rates for both syphilis and gonorrhea are higher in men than in women, higher in the greater Athens area than in the rest of Greece, and higher in single persons than in married one. There was a marked seasonal variation of VD with peak incidence at late summer. The decline of VD was also evident among prostitutes and male homosexuals with the exception of syphilis among uncontrolled prostitutes (increase) and male homosexuals (slight decrease). PMID- 7267130 TI - Emotional problems in the adolescent: depression. AB - The rapid physiological and psychological changes observed during the adolescent period and the associated need for a continuous adjustment to those changes result in an extraordinary load to be borne by the maturing adolescent under not always optimal circumstances. This article discusses depression in the adolescent and provides guidelines for early diagnosis, therapy and prevention. PMID- 7267131 TI - Adolescent sexuality in today's world. PMID- 7267132 TI - The pharmacology of acute poisoning in the teenager. AB - Acute poisoning in the teenager is rarely accidental. Frequently, it is intentional. The pharmacological spectrum includes drugs, chemicals, plants and pollutants, and constantly changes in accordance with the prevailing popularity among the youth, the availability and the financial capability of the young adolescent to purchase the offender. This article discusses the pharmacological properties of drugs and chemicals frequently involved in the acute teenager intoxication, the clinical diagnoses, and outlines the principles of therapeutic management. PMID- 7267133 TI - Examination and assessment of medical students. PMID- 7267134 TI - Adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats: a possible animal model of chronic pain. AB - Adjuvant-induced arthritic rats were observed clinically and behaviorally. The clinical disease has a duration of greater than 1 month and can be divided into a pre-clinical (1-10 days), an acute (15-30 days), postacute (30-50 days) and a late phase (greater than 50 days). Adjuvant arthritis induces significantly quantitatively changes in the rats' behaviour. Two types of behavioural change merit special attention: freezing (arresting) and scratching. Freezing is significantly increased in the acute and postacute phases; it is increased by morphine, this effect being blocked by naloxone. Scratching is significantly increased in the acute, postacute and late phases; it is decreased by morphine, this effect being blocked by naloxone. The chronic presence of scratching, and the effects of morphine and naloxone on it, allow us to consider it as a possible pain-rated behaviour and therefore as a possible parameter for the study of chronic pain in animals. PMID- 7267135 TI - Causalgia: redefinition as a clinical pain syndrome. AB - In this report, the following criteria were used for the diagnosis of causalgia: (a) the presence of continuous, burning pain distal to a site of injury; (b) hyperalgesia and allodynia in the painful area; and (c) a traumatic event occurring proximal in the painful area and within weeks prior to the onset of pain. The McGill pain questionnaire was used to test the selected pain population for homogeneity. The scores were similar among the patients and different from the scores in other pain syndromes. It is concluded that the above criteria are sufficient to make the diagnosis of causalgia. In addition, it appears that a central nervous system abnormality best accounts for the clinical features of causalgia. PMID- 7267136 TI - Sensitivity of the McGill Pain Questionnaire to intensity and quality of laboratory pain. AB - Subjects completed a modified McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) to describe one of two laboratory stressors (cold pressor or electrical tooth pulp stimulation) at one of two subjective intensities (pain threshold or pain tolerance). Differences in MPQ-derived scores were associated with both type of stressor and intensity level, as were patterns of frequently chosen word groups and specific words. These data support the validity of interpretations drawn from MPQ differences in clinical practice and research. In addition, the fact that the MPQ can be used in both clinical and laboratory settings suggests one way in which relevant dimensions of similarity and difference among "types" of pain may be clarified in later research. PMID- 7267137 TI - The experience of headache pain--an assessment of the qualities of tension headache pain. AB - The subjective component of headache pain has been neglected in headache research. In this study of 65 chronic headache sufferers, assessment of the subjective component was amplified using the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) as well as headache diaries. The overall level of pain experienced was as high as that previously reported for cancer and phantom-limb patients. Assessment of sensory pain qualities (MPQ) revealed differences between tension and migraine headache types; tension headaches were felt to be "tight", while migraines were experienced as "sharp", "blinding", "nauseating" and "sickening". The results thus support a dichotomous rather than a continuum model of headache. The relationship between the subjective experience of headache and mood (Wakefield Depression Scale) and personality (EPQ) was examined. Pain intensity and affective reactions to pain were associated with general mood state; however, no subjective measures correlated with personality indices. It was argued that the MPQ provided valuable additional information to be used with headache diaries, particularly in the assessment of sensory qualities and affective reactions to pain. PMID- 7267139 TI - Illness behaviour profiles in chronic pain: the Auckland experience. AB - Two hundred patients with chronic pain, presenting to the Auckland Hospital Pain Clinic, completed the illness behaviour questionnaire (IBQ) developed by Pilowsky and Spence in Adelaide. These authors have identified 6 taxonomic clusters from a numerical analysis of illness behaviour profiles and have described the characteristics of these groups of patients. This study reports the results of a similar analysis of IBQ scores taken from a larger group of patients and clustered using a variant of the K-means algorithm. Ten clusters were derived. These are described and compared with the groups described by Pilowsky and Spence. Both samples have closely similar illness behaviour profiles. Comparisons of the clusters reveal more similarities than differences and we conclude that this independent replication of the Pilowsky and Spence study enhances the validity of the IBQ and the clusters described. PMID- 7267138 TI - Illness behavior and chronic headache. AB - Illness behavior was examined in chronic headache sufferers within the context of the psychobiological or severity model of headache. A Procrustes factor analytic procedure demonstrated the appropriateness of using the existing IBQ factor structure with chronic headache patients. The dimensions of illness behavior were not found to be related to headache diagnosis (muscle contraction, migraine, combined) nor to topographical properties of head pain which are used to infer diagnosis (forehead, bilateral, sides, unilateral). Headache patients who experienced the greatest amount of headache activity during a 21-day self observation period were found to view their disorder in somatic as opposed to psychological terms. A comparison of patients with continuous pain and patients with episodic pain provided additional support for the somatic-psychological distinction. Patients with continuous head pain viewed their disorder in somatic terms and also scored higher on the dimension of denial than did patients with episodic pain. Taken together these data demonstrated the utility of examining psychological components of the chronic headache syndrome from a severity perspective. PMID- 7267140 TI - Measurement of pain: patient preference does not confound pain measurement. AB - Chronic pain patients reported pain intensity on each of 3 pain intensity scales, the visual analog, numerical and adjectival scales, and then ranked the scales in order of perceived best communication of pain intensity. All patients were able to complete an adjectival scale but 11% were unable to complete a visual analog scale and 2% failed at a numeric scale. The intensity of the pain ratings on the 3 scales were significantly correlated and there were no reliable differences in reported intensity as a function of preference. Pain intensity was reliably higher on each scale for depressed-anxious patients as compared to non depressed/non-anxious patients. Patients completing all 3 scales indicated a significant preference for the adjectival scale but the basis for this preference did not appear related to sex, etiology of pain, affective variables nor selected psychological variables. These data indicate that pain scale preference does not influence pain intensity report. Nevertheless, there are some clinical situations in which a numeric scale is likely to yield a better measure of pain intensity. PMID- 7267141 TI - The differentiation of organic and psychogenic pain. AB - The differentiation between the organic and psychogenic origin of pain is often difficult to establish. One helpful characteristic for the detection of the organicity of a pain syndrome is its consistent change in intensity and/or quality as a function of the motoric behavior of the patient, which can be assessed while taking the history. This observation is illustrated by means of four clinical vignettes. The theoretical background is in accordance with Freud's statement about the real versus the intrapsychic origin of a perception: A perception (in our case, a pain) is real (of organic origin) if it can be made to disappear (to change in intensity and/or quality) by means of a motoric action of the subject (i.e. of the patient). PMID- 7267143 TI - Gastric sensation: report of a case. PMID- 7267142 TI - Ilioinguinal pain syndrome. PMID- 7267144 TI - Effect of peripheral electrical stimulation on the jaw opening reflex. PMID- 7267145 TI - An improved technique for the cryopreservation of Onchocerca microfilariae. AB - Experimental describe the use of ethanediol to store Onchocerca microfilariae in liquid nitrogen. The technique involves a 2-stage incubation of the parasites at 37 degrees C and 0 degrees C in ethanediol, before rapid cooling to -196 degrees C. Viability has been assessed by motility, by migration in a proxy host and by development to the infective stage in the insect vector. A total of 71-79% of the cryopreserved microfilariae was shown to be viable compared to unfrozen controls. The technique is simple, inexpensive and very effective when compared to previous cryopreservation procedures for microfilariae and should be particularly suited for use under field conditions. PMID- 7267146 TI - Response of hypersensitized guinea pigs to the feeding of Amblyomma americanum ticks. AB - Guinea pigs acquired resistance to the feeding of immature Amblyomma americanum ticks after a single infestation. The initial larval and nymphal feedings resulted in cumulative mortalities of 27.2 and 28.9%, respectively. The second and third larval infestations yielded cumulative mortalities of 50.5 and 52.4%, compared to 18.9 and 24.4% cumulative mortality from controls. Second and third nymphal feedings resulted in 75.7 and 73.4%, and ticks from controls exhibited 36.6 and 34.7% cumulative mortality. The development of host resistance adversely affected tick feeding and resulted in abnormally coloured ticks and a protracted moulting period with a marked decrease in moulting ability. Histological examination of tick feeding sites on guinea pigs challenged twice revealed greater cavity and lesion sizes in hosts fed upon by nymphs than larvae. The primary cell type within these feeding sites were basophils at 12 h post attachment, but by 72 h post-attachment eosinophils were dominant. The upper epidermal layer adjacent to both larval and nymphal feeding ticks had accumulations of basophils with a few eosinophils. Lymphocytes may have been involved in the resistance response because local lymph nodes in resistant hosts were much larger than in uninfested and singly infested hosts. Some of these nodes had secondary germinal centres. PMID- 7267147 TI - Observations on the development of the ovarian balls of Moniliformis (Acanthocephala). AB - Observations have been made on the ultrastructure of objects identified as ovarian balls from female Moniliformis after 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days in the rat. Similar objects are present in the body cavity of female cystacanths from cockroaches. The ovarian balls from 1-day-old worms are formed of several cells which are enclosed within a surface coat. During development, the ovarian balls increase in size and cell number and the interval organization appears to become more complex. After 9 days of development in the rat, the surface coat of the ovarian balls can no longer be observed and microvilli are present. It also appears that the supporting syncytium has been formed by this time. PMID- 7267148 TI - Membrane potentials in an acanthocephalan worm (macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus). AB - The resting membrane potential of the acanthocephalan rete system in Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus was -35 +/- 1.5 mV (n = 20) and was dependent upon the external potassium concentration. The membrane potential reached 0 mV when the external potassium concentration was 160 mM. Spontaneous spike potentials of 45 mV +/- 10 were dependent on calcium flux. The membrane potential was depolarized by acetylcholine, potassium-free medium, calcium ions and chloride-free medium but not by changes in the external sodium concentration. Spontaneous potentials were increased in number by acetylcholine and calcium at concentrations above 3 mM, but were decreased in number by chloride- and calcium free medium. Hence the rete system potentials are very similar to smooth muscle potentials in many respects. PMID- 7267149 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis during the course of a primary infection in normal and in protein-deficient rats. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis recovered during the course of a primary infection in normal and in protein deficient rats. In well-nourished rats the amount of AChE present in N. brasiliensis increased as the infection progressed, concomitant with the development of the humoral response. In malnourished rats, there was a similar and parallel increase in the amount of AChE synthesized by worms between days 7 and 13 of the infection but as the infection progressed enzyme production decreased so that, by day 26 of the infection, the nematodes contained approximately the same amount of AChE as 8-day-old worms. The possible reasons for this change in enzyme production are discussed. PMID- 7267150 TI - Association between Pelodera strongyloides (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) and wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus. AB - Pelodera strongyloides larvae were found in the conjunctival sacs of Apodemus sylvaticus and Clethrionomys glareolus and in hair follicles of A. sylvaticus. Those in the eyes were 3rd-stage larvae while most of those in the dermis were early 4th stages. There was no evidence of pathology and sections of the skin showed that the nematodes of freshly killed mice and moulted once to the adult stage in 1-2 days at 15 degrees C. The stimulus to resume development appeared to be a reduction in temperature rather than presence of bacterial food or reduction in osmotic pressure. Countless generations ensued on nutrient agar provided the nematodes were periodically sub-cultured onto fresh agar. Nematodes from the eyes died in culture. Dauerlarvae of P. strongyloides were produced in exhausted cultures. They resumed development on fresh agar but not in distilled water. About half could be induced to exsheath by a temperature similar to that of mouse skin. A. sylvaticus probably accumulates nematode larvae in the dermis during its life and the nematodes resume development when the host dies. PMID- 7267151 TI - Evolutionary implications of Tribolium confusum-Hymenolepis citelli interactions. PMID- 7267153 TI - Parasitological characters as tools in the taxonomy of the intermediate snail hosts for Schistosoma spp. PMID- 7267152 TI - [Mollusc vectors of schistosomiasis in Sardinia and in the Mediterranean area: taxonomy and epidemiology]. AB - The present classification of molluscs, intermediate hosts of Schistosoma in the Mediterranean area (subfamily Bulininae), based on morphological characters of shell, radula teeth and soft anatomy is unsatisfactory. The electrophoretical study of gene-enzyme systems of many strains of different species of genus Bulinus has enabled us in 1979 to split this genus in three well differentiated genera: Bulinus, Physopsis and Isidora (syn. Mandahlbarthia). All the populations of I. truncata at our disposal (from Sardinia, Egypt, Lybia Morocco, etc.) have been genetically studied comparing gene-enzyme systems of each one of them with those of an egyptian reference strain, collected in Giza near Cairo (Egypt). The presence of many genetically well differentiated biotypes has been observed, confirming that Isidora truncata must be regarded as a complex; only in Sardinia have been found 6 genetically differentiated biotypes. The names of the subspecies of Isidora truncata (for instance Isidora truncata, rivularis, etc) have, in our opinion, no taxonomical significance, because it is not possible to identify them morphologically, biologically, serologically, etc. To the contrary the locality of origin of every population of I. truncata complex, followed by the discriminating gene-enzyme systems gives a genetical identification of obvious epidemiological interest. PMID- 7267154 TI - Genetic differentiation in the Mandahlbarthia truncata complex (Gastropoda: Planorbidae). PMID- 7267155 TI - [Morphologic and genetic study of some populations of Mandahlbarthia truncata (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Sardinia]. PMID- 7267156 TI - [Blood system as the basis of bodily resistance and adaptation]. PMID- 7267157 TI - [Carcinogenesis in the light of current concepts of the interaction between tumors and the body]. PMID- 7267158 TI - The two-way connection as a basic principle of neurophysiology. PMID- 7267159 TI - The effects of satiation after first- and second-order appetitive conditioning in rats. AB - Rats received first- and second-order conditioning based on a food unconditional stimulus (US). The effects of postconditioning satiation on the performance of detailed behavioral components of general activity evoked by first- and second order conditional stimuli (CSs) were then assessed in extinction tests. Satiation reduced the frequency of all components of general activity evoked by first-order CSs but had little or no effects on behaviors evoked by second-order CSs. These results are consistent with earlier suggestions that first- but not second-order conditional responding is mediated by a representation of the US and that a major effect of satiation is to devalue that representation. PMID- 7267160 TI - Disorders of cardiac conduction accompany the dive reflex in man. AB - The faces of 19 healthy subjects were immersed in water at the temperatures varying between 10 degrees and 30 degrees C and at different degrees of lung inflation. Several abnormalities of cardiac conduction were noted. They occurred with the greatest frequency in the coldest water and when there was relatively little air in the lungs at the moment of immersion. There was fragmentary evidence, confirmatory of earlier studies, that heart-rate slowing was accentuated by fear and that very little slowing occurred when the subject was distracted or preoccupied. Various conduction abnormalities were recorded. The most striking finding was the wide difference from person to person in the occurrence of conduction disturbances under more or less comparable circumstances. Moreover, the patterns of conduction alterations, differing from person to person, were nevertheless relatively consistent from dive to dive for the same individual. To ascertain whether or not such idiosyncratic responses may have prognostic significance calls for a long-term, prospective study. PMID- 7267161 TI - Effects of awareness and motor involvement on autonomic conditioning in chronic schizophrenics. AB - Chronic schizophrenics under neuroleptic medication were compared with normals, matched for age and education, in two conditioning experiments. Both experiments employed a differential paradigm with long conditional stimulus--unconditional stimulus (CS-UCS) intervals. Skin resistance (SR) and finger pulse or heart rate (HR) were recorded. In Experiment 1, half of the subjects were trained in categorizing the to-be conditional stimuli. In a further step, half of the subjects were informed about the CS-UCS contingency. The UCS was an electric shock. Information improved discrimination of SR responses only of normals, and discrimination training had no effect at all on autonomic responses. In Experiment 2, only electrodermal responders were included. Each subject was tested in two sessions, using a loud tone as UCS in one, and a reaction time signal in the other. Again, half of the subjects wee informed about the contingency. Information improved discrimination of SR responses of both diagnostic groups. Decelerations of HR following CS onset showed informed schizophrenics to discriminate better with the loud tone UCS than with the reaction time signal. General autonomic responsivity seems to determine not only discriminative conditioning of schizophrenic patients but also the reports of awareness and the effects of manipulations of awareness. However, when subjects are matched for electrodermal responsivity and are equivalent in terms of SR response conditioning, patients react to information about the contingency with enhanced HR deceleration to the CSs, possibly reflecting a heightened sensitivity of the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7267162 TI - [Effect of synovial cell membranes on the complement system. Possible pathogenetic role in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7267163 TI - [Histochemical study of the mucins in the mucosa adjacent to colo-rectal carcinomas associated with single or multiple adenomatous polyps]. PMID- 7267164 TI - [A case of adrenoleukodystrophy in the adult. Clinico-neuropathological study]. PMID- 7267165 TI - [Histiocytosis of the sinuses with massive lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 7267166 TI - [A case of congenital goiter in an endemic area: histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations]. PMID- 7267167 TI - [Influence of ATP on contraction of isolated cardiac myofibrils, under normal conditions and in diphtheric intoxication]. PMID- 7267168 TI - [Germinoma of the suprasellar region. Anatomopathological and clinical study of a case]. PMID- 7267169 TI - [Recurrent carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder]. PMID- 7267170 TI - Primary sarcomas of the parotid gland. A clinicopathologic report of two cases. PMID- 7267173 TI - Symposium on issues for the practicing pediatrician. PMID- 7267172 TI - Deformations due to in-utero compression. PMID- 7267171 TI - [Cystadenoma of the epididymis. Report of a case]. PMID- 7267174 TI - Organizing the physician's office. PMID- 7267175 TI - Research in pediatric practice. PMID- 7267176 TI - Education of residents in the pediatric office. AB - Practicing pediatricians can contribute a much-needed dimension to the education of those primary care physicians who will care for children by teaching medical students and residents in their offices. This article is intended to help the prospective pediatrician-teacher plan, conduct, and evaluate productive educational experiences in his office. Approaches to planning primary care educational experiences are discussed. Considerations for developing an efficient practice into an effective educational setting are also presented. Effective teaching strategies based upon principles of adult learning are suggested. The importance of a systematic approach to education, which entails defining objectives and evaluating the students' learning ', is emphasized. PMID- 7267177 TI - Legal issues for the practicing pediatrician. PMID- 7267178 TI - Patient education. PMID- 7267179 TI - Pediatrics in the community hospital. AB - The subject of the community hospital's pediatric service-its mission, organization and staff-is ripe for critical study and innovative implementation. The centripetal force of medical education which has kept the best medical school graduates within the tertiary hospital walls during medical school, residency, fellowship, and subspecialty practice has had a perhaps unintended though real inhibiting effect on the community hospital. Those who practice in the community environment may well be less equipped to study and change their world than are their academic counterparts. They often lack the training to do so, and lack time that can be taken from busy practice commitments. Those most capable of critical study are unfamiliar with or at least not always empathic to the community's problems. We suggest that there are many clinical questions and many organizational issues that are legitimate matter for study within community hospitals, in which a majority of the nation's children are cared for. The increasing number of affiliations between university and community hospitals may allow a true academic bond to develop and learning to occur at both ends. The community hospital has both the need and potential for important growth in the 1980s. PMID- 7267180 TI - Control of infection and techniques of isolation in the pediatric intensive care unit. AB - The control of nosocomial infection in a pediatric intensive care unit is important not only because of the serious nature of the patient's condition, but also because of the greater staff-patient contact and inevitable crowding of patients, staff, and equipment. In order to control the spread of nosocomial infection, the modes of transmission and the principles of infection control must be understood. Each patient with an infectious disease must be considered to be a potential source of nosocomial disease, and measures of infection control must be individualized for the infectious disease and for the level of intensive care required. The infection control committee of the hospital is an excellent source of advice in formulating care plans. Although compromises will inevitable be made between the ideals of infection control and intensive care needs, certain principles must be followed, the most important of which is proper handwashing between contacts and with patients. PMID- 7267181 TI - Relation between heart rate and energy expenditure in the newborn. AB - This study defines the relationship between heart rate and metabolic rate in newborn infants and evaluates the accuracy of prediction of metabolic rate from heart rate. Continuous measurements of oxygen uptake, CO2 production, respiratory quotient, and cumulative heart rate were performed using computerized, open circuit indirect calorimetry and on-line electrocardiogram monitoring over periods of 1 to 24 hr (mean 4.5 hr). Metabolic rate was calculated from the individual oxygen uptake and respiratory quotient. Thirty-five studies were performed in 16 infants (birthweight 0.75 to 3.1 kg; gestational age, 26 to 42 wk; mean +/- S.D. age at study, 26.5 +/- 15.7 days; study weight, 1.78 +/- 0.5 kg). Metabolic rate (cal/kg . min) and heart rate (beats/min) were compared minute by minute (8269 measurements) and showed a close third degree polynomial relationship for heart rates of 110 to 230/min (y = -0.0000291x3 + 0.01685x2 2.93x + 197; r = 0.99; P less than 0.001); however, at heart rates above 140 beats/min, a linear relationship was found (r = 0.997; P less than 0.001). From cumulated heart rate measurements, factors defining metabolic rate per heart beat were also determined: for each beat 51.8 +/- 6.8 microliter of oxygen/kg are consumed and 0.258 +/- 0.03 cal/kg (1.1 J/kg) are expended. Despite the wide variation in birthweight, gestational age, method of feeding, and clinical characteristics, there was a remarkable consistency in the heart rate-metabolic rate relationships. A further 10 studies were performed in a similar group of infants to assess the predictive value of the previously defined relationships and showed a mean percentage deviation of 5.7 +/- 4% from the measured value. We conclude that in the varied group of newborns studied, heart rate correlates closely with metabolic rate and that cumulative heart rate measurements enable the estimation of metabolic rate in newborn infants. This provides a method of monitoring energy expenditure and caloric requirements over long periods. PMID- 7267183 TI - Intracranial pressure elevations during octanoate infusion in rabbits: an experimental model of Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7267182 TI - alpha-thalassemia-2 and the variability of hematological values in children with sickle cell anemia. AB - Seventy children homozygous for Hb S (SS) and their 111 heterozygous (AS) parents were evaluated through their erythrocytic indices, hemoglobin composition, and occasionally through in vitro Hb chain synthesis values. Three groups of SS patients and of AS parents were identified based on differences in degree of microcytosis (MCV) and (degree of hypochromia (MCH) values. The level of Hb S in the Hb S heterozygotes showed a trimodal distribution. Five SS patients had an alpha-thalassemia homozygosity (alpha(0) alpha/alpha(0) alpha; beta(s)/beta(s) which was characterized by a distinct microcytosis and hypochromia (MCV), less than or equal to 70 fl; MCH, less than or equal to 22 pp). Nine SS patients had an alpha-thalassemia heterozygosity (alpha(0)/alpha/alpha alpha; beta(s)/beta(s)) with an MCV value of 71 to 78 fl, and an MCH value of 21.3 to 26.5 pg. Four AS parents had an alpha-thalassemia-2 homozygosity with values of MCV less than or equal to 71 fl and MCH less than or equal to 23.5. The level of Hb S was less than 31%. Thirty-nine AS parents had an alpha-thalassemia-2 heterozygosity characterized by an MCV value of 72 to 79 fl, an MCH value of 23.6 to 26.5, and a level of Hb S ranging between 31.0 and 36.8%. The Hb A2 level in SS patients was significantly correlated with the RBC counts and the MCV and MCH (r = 0.38, 0.52, and -0.47, respectively). Significant correlations in AS parents were also noted between the MCV, MCH, RBC, and Hb S percentages (r = 0.62, 0.68, and -0.49, respectively). Although the data are limited, the simultaneous occurrence of an alpha-thal-2 homozygosity seems to decrease the level of Hb F in sickle cell anemia. The presence of an alpha-thal-2 heterozygosity or homozygosity together with an SS or AS condition resulted in identifiable hematologic phenotypes. PMID- 7267184 TI - Renal cation excretion in the hypocalcemic premature human neonate. AB - We describe the interrelationship of the urinary excretion of sodium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in 22 hypocalcemic premature neonates whose mean gestational age was 31.7 wk. Strong relationships between sodium excretion and calcium excretion (r = 0.85), sodium excretion and magnesium excretion (r = 0.76), sodium excretion and phosphorus excretion (r = 0.94) were demonstrated. Sodium intake during the 84-hr study period ranged from 2.9 to 34.5 mEq/kg and calcium intake during the same period ranged from 0 to 152.3 mg of elemental calcium per kg. The intakes of the other cations were negligible. All variables but phosphorus excretion (r = -0.55) were independent of calcium intake whereas sodium excretion (r = 0.76), calcium excretion (r = 0.72) magnesium excretion (r = 0.62), and phosphorus excretion (r = 0.53) were all correlated with sodium intake. Serum calcium concentration at the end of the study was unrelated to total calcium intake during the 84-hr study period, whereas it was negatively related to total sodium intake (r = -0.71). PMID- 7267185 TI - Spontaneous variability in minute ventilation oxygen consumption and heart rate of low birth weight infants. AB - Continuous measurements of minute ventilation (VI), oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), activity, and temperature were made in eleven low birth weight infants during the interval between feedings. Significant increases in VI, VO2, and HR were noted between quiet and active sleep. (VI Active - VI Quiet/VI Quiet) X 100 = 18.4% VO2 Active - VO2 Quiet/VO2 Quiet) X 100 = 10.1% and HR Active - HR Quiet/HR Quiet) X 100 = 6.4%. Significant differences were also noted within epochs of the same state of sleep: mean slope VI versus time in epoch (t) = -156 ml/kg . min/hr, VO2 versus t. = 1.49 ml/kg . min/hr and HR versus t = -15.0 beats/min/hr. Differences between successive epochs of the same state of sleep were also observed: VI, +5.9 to 46.6%; VO2, 4.7 to 24.6%; HR, 1.0 to 9.7%. These differences were related to the length of time after feeding. These data indicate that steady state conditions do not occur in growing low birth weight infants and that the design of studies of respiration and metabolism in these infants should include continuous assessment of the state of sleep or activity and time after feeding to ensure that experimental and control periods are truly comparable. PMID- 7267186 TI - Assessments of the sensitivities of cultured human neuroblastoma cells to anti tumour drugs. PMID- 7267188 TI - Familial hypomagnesemia--a follow-up examination of three patients after 9 to 12 years of treatment. AB - Three children with familial hypomagnesemia from infancy were treated perorally with magnesium for 9 to 12 years. Their somatic and intellectual development have since been normal. Without therapy, the serum magnesium fell from subnormal (about 0.5 mmoles/liter) to very low values (0.2 to 0.3 mmoles/liter) within 1 to 4 wk. We observed a secondary fall in serum calcium and potassium and an increase in sodium and phosphate although serum concentrations of PTH, calcitonin, and 25 OH-vitamin D in the blood remained normal. Balance studies confirmed the presence of a defect in the intestinal absorption of magnesium and excluded a defective renal tubular transport system. The subjects continued to require daily magnesium supplements to avoid serious symptoms. Optimal dosage was found to be in the range 0.5 to 0.75 mmoles/kg . day; doses above this caused diarrhoea and a fall in the serum and urine levels of magnesium. Pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the electrolyte changes that occurred secondarily to the hypomagnesemia are discussed. PMID- 7267189 TI - Letter to the editor: comparison of hypoxanthine and lactate as indicators of hypoxia. PMID- 7267187 TI - Evidence of an altered 5'-monodeiodinase for thyroxine in the liver of the fetal rabbit. PMID- 7267190 TI - Letter to the editor: signs of mild hypoxia. PMID- 7267191 TI - The action of drugs on membranes. PMID- 7267193 TI - Function of the intestinal brush border membrane in health and disease. PMID- 7267192 TI - Topology and barrier function of membranes in the lung. AB - The alveolo-capillary air-blood barrier of the lung is made of two thin cell layers, epithelium and endothelium, that limit the flow of solutes and fluid from blood plasma into the narrow interstitial space and into the very thin alveolar fluid lining associated with surfactant. The conditions for maintaining a thin dry air-blood barrier are discussed. The effect of barrier thickness on gas exchange is discussed by means of the changes in barrier structure that lead to respiratory failure in the respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7267194 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn infants]. PMID- 7267196 TI - [Blood copper and iron levels in the course of various febrile diseases in children]. PMID- 7267197 TI - [Psychomotor development of children from a rural area examined by the Denver test to determine their readiness for school]. PMID- 7267195 TI - [Evaluation of the degree of bone changes based on the determination of blood serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in children with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7267198 TI - [The ophthalmoplegia-plus syndrome]. PMID- 7267199 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in congenital abnormality of the biliary tract: a long and tortuous cystic duct]. PMID- 7267200 TI - [Cysts of the common bile duct]. PMID- 7267202 TI - [Spontaneous pneumothorax in children with measles]. PMID- 7267201 TI - [Chloride diarrhea in siblings]. PMID- 7267203 TI - [X-ray computed tomography in the diagnosis of mediastinal diseases in children]. PMID- 7267205 TI - [Electrotherapy of arrhythmia in children]. PMID- 7267204 TI - [Method of transcutaneous heart catheterization in children]. PMID- 7267206 TI - [Incidence of arrhythmia in children with pneumonia]. PMID- 7267207 TI - [Serum transferrin in acute respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 7267208 TI - [Improvement of the method of skin fibroblast culture for diagnostic purposes]. PMID- 7267209 TI - [Urinary tract infection in newborn infants with diarrhea and septicemia]. PMID- 7267211 TI - [Breast feeding in the Poznan region: retrospective studies of frequency, duration, motivation and causes of failure]. PMID- 7267210 TI - [What underlies the clinical diagnosis of internal hydrocephalus?]. PMID- 7267212 TI - [Activity of the sympathetic-adrenal system in children with simple obesity]. PMID- 7267213 TI - [Maxillary osteomyelitis in infants]. PMID- 7267214 TI - [Heterotopic tissue in the genital system]. PMID- 7267215 TI - [Camurati-Engelmann syndrome in a 10-year-old girl]. PMID- 7267216 TI - [Male pseudohermaphroditism in 2 siblings]. PMID- 7267217 TI - [Congenital adrenal hyperplasia with hypertension in a 20-months-old boy]. PMID- 7267218 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the West syndrome and salaam seizures in children]. PMID- 7267219 TI - [Skin changes and malabsorption syndromes]. PMID- 7267220 TI - Relative importance of bacteremia and viremia in the course of acute fevers of unknown origin in outpatient children. AB - During a 12-month period 80 children greater than 3 months of age seen at an emergency room with acute fevers greater than or equal to 39.7 C (103.5 F) and no localizing signs of infection were studied using blood and buffy coat cultures to isolate bacteria and viruses. Bacteremia was identified in three children (3.8%): two with Streptococcus pneumoniae and one with Neisseria meningitidis. Two children with viremia were identified: both isolates were ECHO virus, types 11 and 21, respectively. Fifty-eight of the study children (72%) were seen again in 24 to 48 hours and 27/58 (46%) were afebrile and completely well. No differences in sex, age, or initial WBC count existed among these children who returned afebrile and well and those with either localized disease or those persistently febrile. PMID- 7267221 TI - Correlates of intelligence test results in treated phenylketonuric children. AB - The Collaborative Study of Children Treated for Phenylketonuria was initiated in 1967. The data presented are based on findings in 132 children treated from near birth to 6 years of age. Two treatment groups were randomly formed. The target for blood phenylalanine was 1.0 to 5.4 mg/100 ml for group 1 and 5.5 to 9.9 mg/100 ml for group 2. Although mean blood phenylalanine levels for both groups initially fell within the prescribed ranges, a steady increase over time resulted in mean six year levels of 11.4 mg/100 ml and 13.0 mg/100 ml for the two groups, respectively. Because it was not possible to maintain the prescribed differences in blood phenylalanine levels between the two groups, they were combined for further analyses. The mean IQ of the total sample at age 6 years was 98 on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Multiple regression analysis showed that, among selected treatment and psychosocial factors, the most important predictors of IQ for 6-year-old children were: (1) mothers' intellectual ability (as measured on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale); (2) age at which the subjects were first treated; and (3) how well the subjects adhered to the phenylalanine restricted diet. It was concluded that optimal early treatment will result in normal levels of intelligence at 6 years of age. PMID- 7267222 TI - Neonatal polycythemia: I. Criteria for diagnosis and treatment. AB - In order to better define criteria for diagnosis and treatment of neonatal polycythemia, 74 neonates with peripheral venous hematocrit levels greater than or equal to 65% were studied. The hematocrit levels of capillary (Cap Hct), peripheral venous (PV Hct), and umbilical venous (UV Hct) blood was measured. Viscosity of umbilical venous blood (UV eta) was determined. Mean +/- SE Cap Hct (75 +/- 0.5%) was significantly higher than PV Hct (71 +/- 1.0%, P less than .001) and PV Hct was higher than mean UV Hct (63 +/- 0.6%, P less than .001). Cap Hct correlated with neither PV Hct nor UV Hct, but PV Hct and UV Hct correlated moderately (r = .54, P less than .001). Of the neonates with UV Hct greater than or equal to 63%, 80% and UV eta in excess of 3 SD above the normal mean (in excess of 14.6 cps at shear rate 11.5 sec(-1)), whereas 94% of the neonates with UV Hct less than 63% had UV eta within normal range. Neonates with hyperviscosity were seen with two or more clinical symptoms more often than their peers with normal viscosity (P less than .04). Partial exchange transfusion in 21 neonates reduced mean UV Hct from 61 +/- 1.1% to 50 +/- 1.0% (P less than .001) and mean UV eta from 13.0 +/- 0.64 cps to 8.6 +/- 0.54 cps (P less than .001). These data suggest that Cap Hct and PV Hct may be used to screen neonates for polycythemia, but that the final diagnosis and therapeutic decisions should be based on UV Hct or even preferably on UV eta. They further suggest that UV Hct greater than or equal to 63% is strongly indicative of hyperviscosity and should be treated by partial exchange transfusion. PMID- 7267223 TI - Treatment of apnea and excessive periodic breathing in the full-term infant. AB - Twenty-two full-term infants, aged 0 to 6 weeks, with a history of unexplained apnea and respiratory abnormalities on pneumogram recordings, were treated with theophylline (average dose 7.5 mg/kg/day and average serum level 11 micrograms/ml). Subsequent recordings showed a significant decrease in the amount of periodic breathing (14.3% vs 0.7%) and apnea 10 to 14.9 seconds (12.8 vs 1.0/100 min) when compared to the initial pneumogram. It is concluded that theophylline therapy in this group of infants will result in a reduction of apnea and periodic breathing. PMID- 7267224 TI - Neural drive and ventilatory strategy of breathing in normal children, and in patients with cystic fibrosis and asthma. AB - The drive and performance of breathing during hypercapnia, isocapnic hypoxia, and transient hyperoxia were studied in 20 normal children (mean age 12.3 years), in ten children with asthma, and in ten children with cystic fibrosis (CF) matched by sex and age. These latter two groups of patients had had obstructive respiratory symptoms since infancy and their pulmonary disease was of moderate severity as documented by their pulmonary function studies. During hypercapnia, normal children had a linear increase in minute ventilation (delta VE), in tidal volume (delta VT) and in the inspiratory drive (VT/Ti). The drive of breathing was evaluated by the occlusion pressure (P0.1) at functional residual capacity. The P0.1 response to PaCO2 was linear. Patients with asthma and CF showed a blunted ventilatory response (delta VE, delta VT, VT/Ti) to Co2 but a normal response in P0.1. In normal subjects, the test of isocarbic hypoxia demonstrated an exponential type of increase in delta VE, delta VT, and P0.1 as PAO2 decreased from 110 to 40 torr. With severe hypoxia (PAO2 less than 50 torr), children with CF (but not asthmatic patients) experienced a paradoxical decrease in delta VE while the drive (P0.1) remained above normal in both groups of patients. Finally, the transient O2 inhalation test caused a decrease in VE of 26%, 21%, an 34%, respectively, in normal subjects, in asthmatic children, and in children with CF. It is concluded that the CO2 and O2 drive of normal children resembles that described for adults and that the CO2 and O2 command of breathing is normal in children with asthma and CF. However, the ventilatory response in children with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is subnormal probably due to the impairment of the respiratory mechanics. Finally the respiratory depression induced by severe hypoxia in children with CF is unexplained, but it may reflect the high dependency of their respiratory muscle on oxygen supply. PMID- 7267225 TI - Effects of acidosis on the activity of creatine phosphokinase and its isoenzymes in the serum of newborn infants. AB - The total creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and the levels of activity of its MM, MB and BB isoenzymes were measured in sera obtained within four hours after birth from 32 newborn infants. The total CPK level and activity of its MM, MB, and BB isoenzymes increased significantly with increasing acidosis. In addition, statistically significant correlations were found between the total CPK level in infants' sera and their one-minute Apgar scores. The infants' birth weight, gestational age, and mode of delivery did not correlate significantly with the serum total CPK activity. Infants who died within ten days after birth from causes related to asphyxia had significantly higher total CPK activity levels in their sera in comparison with the survivors. The data suggest that perinatal asphyxia with acidosis may result in the leakage of CPK and its isoenzymes from the damaged cells into the circulation and that a marked elevation of their values may indicate a poor prognosis for survival. PMID- 7267226 TI - Progressive expanding congenital porencephalies: a treatable cause of progressive encephalopathy. AB - In congenital porencephalies, diverticulation of the lateral ventricle is a dynamic process producing compression and stretching of the brain tissue bordering the diverticulum, bulging of the overlying skull, macrocephaly, and occasionally progessive neurologic signs (hemiplegia, raised intracranial pressure), even when the rest of the ventricular system is not dilated and the CSF pressure is normal. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting can result in remarkable improvement of focal motor deficits and may apparently also play a beneficial role on further mental development. Successive computed tomography scans demonstrate that the brain parenchyma, which had been stretched by the porencephalic pouch, is capable of regaining near normal thickness. Congenital porencephalies are initiated by a limited destructive brain lesion, but the gradual expansion of the ventricular herniation may imply a mechanism identical to that which has been postulated in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Nine cases of unilateral "expanding" congenital porencephalies are presented and the treatment of this condition is discussed. PMID- 7267227 TI - Changing feeding trends as a cause of electrolyte depletion in infants with cystic fibrosis. AB - Between June 1979 and June 1980, 16 infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) were cared for at the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children. Five of these children (average age 5.8 months) had a total of eight episodes of electrolyte depletion, with six episodes unassociated with high environmental temperature, fever, or significant gastrointestinal symptoms. Their primary symptoms were poor weight gain and anorexia. According to their dietary records, these five infants, at the time of their initial presentation, had an average electrolyte intake of 8 mEq of sodium, 12 mEq of potassium, and 10 mEq of chloride per day. All infants had been fed either standard infant formula or breast milk. Infant feeding surveys indicate that the estimated average sodium intake of 6-month-old infants has decreased from 45 mEq/day in 1965 to 15 mEq/day since 1977 when manufacturers stopped adding salt to baby foods. In addition, since 1971 the percentage of infants 6 months age receiving breast milk or standard infant formula rather than cow's milk, which is higher in sodium content, has increased from 33% to 72%. This decreased salt intake places the infant with CF at greater risk for electrolyte depletion than in the past. It is expected that a larger percentage of infants with CF will have electrolyte depletion as their initial symptom especially during periods of increased sweating or when electrolyte losses are experienced during gastrointestinal illnesses. CF should be suspected in any infant with electrolyte depletion, and infants known to have CF need daily salt supplementation. Serum electrolytes should be measured if the infant is experiencing weight loss or anorexia, particularly during periods of excessive salt losses. PMID- 7267228 TI - Carbon monoxide poisoning. AB - Carbon monoxide poisoning has received little attention in th pediatric literature, although it is not uncommon in children. With the advent of alternative energy sources, such as woodburning stoves, one might predict an increase in its incidence over the next few years. Carbon monoxide poisoning is well described in the adult medical, surgical, neurologic, and psychiatric literature. It can cause a severe encephalopathy and have cardiovascular, pulmonary, muscular, renal, cutaneous, visual, and auditory manifestations. In this review a case of severe carbon monoxide poisoning with complications is presented. PMID- 7267229 TI - Hazard of lead exposure in the home from recycled automobile storage batteries. AB - Two families from rural areas of North Carolina had excessive lead exposure which resulted from either recycling exhausted automobile storage batteries in the home or burning the discarded battery casings for home heating. One child developed encephalopathy resulting in permanent brain damage. Decontamination efforts reduced the quantity of lead in the home environment by greater than 50%. Rural children, previously considered to be at low risk, may in fact receive profound exposures which may go unrecognized until encephalopathy occurs. Occupational histories should be obtained from parents in order to detect children at risk from environmental toxins brought into the home on workmen's bodies and clothing. PMID- 7267230 TI - Increased blood pressure following pupillary dilation with 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride in preterm infants. AB - Heart rate and blood pressure changes following 0.5% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride were evaluated in seven ill preterm infants (birth weight, 910 to 2,060 gm; gestational age, 26 to 36 weeks) during the first day of life. Each infant was monitored continuously for 30 minutes before and for 75 minutes after, instillation of the pupillary dilators. There were no significant changes in the heart rate, whereas a significant increase in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure was found. The increase in arterial blood pressure was detected at two minutes, peaked at eight minutes, and remained at significantly higher levels for 30 minutes after instillation. Because of the potential relationship between increased blood pressure and intraventricular hemorrhage, arterial blood pressure must be monitored during instillation of mydriatic drugs in the preterm infant. PMID- 7267231 TI - New syndrome in three affected siblings. AB - A previously undescribed syndrome is reported. Major features include: (1) poorly mineralized calvarium, (2) dysmorphic facies (cleft lip and palate, micrognathia, upturned nares, apparent ocular hypertelorism), and (3) extracranial and musculoskeletal anomalies (absence of cervical vertebrae and clavicles, talipes equilnorvarus, and soft tissue syndactyly). Autosomal recessive inheritance is the most likely mode of transmission. Prenatal diagnosis via ultrasonography wa successful in two fetuses at risk. PMID- 7267232 TI - Platelet number and function in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. AB - Congenital red cell aplasia (Diamond-Blackfan anemia) is occasionally associated with hematologic defects other than a deficiency of red blood cell progenitors, but such alterations have not been well studied. The frequency and magnitude of abnormalities in platelet count and platelet function were therefore examined in 38 patients. Thrombocytosis was seen in 21 patients, and 12 had mild thrombocytopenia on at least one occasion. Elevated platelet counts were demonstrated repeatedly in nine children. The three patients with the lowest platelet counts also had leukopenia. Platelet aggregation was normal in all 16 patients in whom it was studied, and bleeding times were within the normal range in 14 of them. Bleeding signs and symptoms were not observed. It is concluded that thrombocytosis or thrombocytopenia often occurs but that platelet function is normal in patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia. PMID- 7267233 TI - Height predictions in girls with idiopathic precocious puberty by the Bayley Pinneau method. AB - Eleven girls with idiopathic precocious puberty had height predictions determined at various ages prior to obtaining mature heights. The Bayley-Pinneau method of height prediction produced both overestimation and underestimation. Height predictions were more accurate at chronologic ages approaching mature heights. PMID- 7267235 TI - Baby powder--a hazard! PMID- 7267234 TI - Amino acids as substrates in children with growth hormone deficiency and hypoglycemia. AB - In order to investigate the role of amino acid (AA) substrates in the hypoglycemia associated with human growth hormone (hGH) deficiency, we measured 12-hour fasting blood glucose and total quantitative AA concentrations in 11 children with hGH deficiency during three study periods: (1) before hGH replacement; (2) after 12 months of hGH treatment; and (3) after discontinuation of hGH for three months. The results were compared to studies in 16 control subjects. Fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly (P less than .05) lower in the hGH-deficient children prior to hGH treatment as compared to the control subjects (67.0 +/- 5.3 vs 80.7 +/- 5.3 mg/100 ml, mean +/- SE). Fasting total serum AA concentrations were similar in the patients and in the control subjects; however, after 12 months of hGH replacement, there was a significant (P less than .01) elevation of serum AA (2,750 +/- 170 vs 2,283 micromoles/liter). Fasting serum concentrations of alanine, glycine, arginine, and tryptophan were also significantly elevated (P less than .01) with hGH treatment; ornithine, tyrosine, lysine, methionine, and phenylalanine showed lesser elevations (P less than 0.5), whereas threonine decreased significantly (P less than 0.01). The fasting hypoglycemia seen with isolated hGH deficiency is not an AA substrate-limited disorder. The finding of increased concentrations of AA with hGH replacement suggests increased retention of nitrogen and synthesis of AA for gluconeogenesis due to availability of other substrates. PMID- 7267236 TI - What are healthy blood pressures for children? PMID- 7267237 TI - Introduction to urea cycle symposium. PMID- 7267238 TI - Biochemical aspects of urea cycle disorders. PMID- 7267239 TI - Clinical aspects of disorders of the urea cycle. PMID- 7267240 TI - New approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of inborn errors or urea synthesis. PMID- 7267241 TI - Chloramphenicol study questioned. PMID- 7267242 TI - Diet and hyperactivity. PMID- 7267243 TI - What we don't know about water beds and apneic preterm infants. PMID- 7267244 TI - Reduced accuracy of classification with a short form of the Speech Sounds Perception Test. AB - This study attempts to cross-validate the accuracy in classification of Golden and Anderson's (1977) abbreviated version of the Halstead Speech Sounds Perception Test. A relatively high correlation was obtained between their short form and the standard long form for a sample of 150 patients, aged 15 to 70 yr. However, the long form was more accurate in discriminating between 31 brain damaged and 31 nonbrain-damaged patients. These results suggest that the use of the short form of this test may reduce accuracy of classification. PMID- 7267245 TI - Simple reaction times for mentally retarded and epileptic individuals. AB - A comparison was made to determine the effect of epilepsy on simple reaction time among 57 school-aged subjects. The subjects were classified intellectually as average, educable mentally retarded, or trainable mentally retarded, and neurologically as epileptic or nonepileptic. Following an explanation of the testing apparatus, 24 trials per day for five consecutive afternoons were given. The microswitch was depressed after a warning light and a foreperiod activated an audio response stimulus. A significant difference in RT was found between subjects with epilepsy and those without epilepsy within each intellectual classification. PMID- 7267246 TI - Sensorimotor performance and limb preference. AB - The purpose of the study was to examine simple and choice fractionated reaction time components with respect to limb preference. Subjects (10 males, 10 females) participated in two experiments. The first experiment involved sensorimotor performance of the hands under four conditions of preferred only, nonpreferred only, bilateral simultaneous, and choice handgrip reaction time. The second experiment involved preferred and nonpreferred knee extension under the same conditions. Simple RT results indicated that performance task measures differed only for the preferred bilateral hand RT and corresponding premotor time. Under choice situations, the most rapid scores occurred with preferred unilateral reaction times due to briefer premotor times. The influence of the central, premotor component relative to simple and choice performance is discussed. Results are also presented with respect to male and female differences. PMID- 7267247 TI - Rorschach indices of children classified as hyperactive. AB - The Rorschach protocols of 20 boys (6 to 11 yr.) rated by their teachers as hyperactive and those of 20 nonhyperactive boys were compared along 16 indices, including R, P, M, FM, C, CF, FC, Sum C, A%, H%, F+%, Sum Shading, and the reaction times. The results suggested that children classified as hyperactive produce fewer movement (M) and Human (H) responses but a far greater percentage of Animal (A) responses than the matched clinic control group. Age-related effects occurred within the hyperactive group such that younger hyperactives produced a higher Sum C, a lower H% and F+%, and had shorter reaction times than the older hyperactives. Findings were discussed in terms of the assessment of hyperactivity within a conceptual framework which regards impulsivity as a major underlying dimension. PMID- 7267248 TI - Test-retest reliability of Developmental Tests of Visual-Motor Association. AB - 274 boys and girls, aged 7 through 15 yr. enrolled in Grades 2 through 9, participated in a test-retest reliability study of the Developmental Tests of Visual-motor Association. Test-retest correlations for the total group and subjects comprising categories A through D were significant. PMID- 7267249 TI - Short-term retention of temporal information. AB - The main purpose was to determine the short-term retention characteristics of temporal information when subjects experienced time under a conscious cognitive strategy for time estimation, i.e., subjects were instructed to refrain from employing the time-aiding techniques. Visual time lengths of 4, 8, 16, and 32 sec. were estimated by 12 subjects under the method of reproduction. Three levels of retention interval were used, viz., immediate reproduction, 20 sec. of rest, and 20 sec. of interpolated activity, i.e., counting backwards by threes. The variable error was used to evaluate effects of forgetting. When subjects hold time lengths of 4, 8, 16, and 32 sec. in memory for a period of 20 sec. of rest or 20 sec. of interpolated activity, they become more variable than if they recall the item immediately. The variability between the 20 sec. of rest and the 20 sec. of interpolated activity retention intervals was similar. Two explanations for the lack of an interaction between time lengths and retention interval under the variable error were suggested. The constant error was used as an index of bias. Immediate reproduction of the retention interval had less mean constant error than 20 sec. of rest retention under the 32-sec. time length. The particular result was explained in perceptual terms. PMID- 7267250 TI - Effect of sensory modality for presentation and word imagery on paired-associate learning. AB - Recall performance on a paired-associated learning task was investigated as a function of word imagery modality (visual or auditory), presentation mode (visual or auditory), and sex. Analysis showed greater recall of visual imagery words, and the results are consistent with Paivio's (1971) conceptual-peg hypothesis. Visual presentation of word lists produced greater recall than auditory presentation, and females exhibited greater recall performance than did males. A predicted interaction between modality for presentation and for word imagery did not reach statistical significance. The implications for future research with sensory imagery in learning is discussed. PMID- 7267251 TI - Comparison of rational beliefs of blind, deaf, and non-handicapped high school students. AB - This study investigated whether significant differences existed in scores of blind, deaf, and non-handicapped high school students using a low reading-level form of the Rational Behavior Inventory. Subjects were 160 nonhandicapped students, 27 deaf students, and 41 blind students. An analysis of variance yielded no significant difference among scores of the three groups on test forms viewed as most comprehensible to each group. A significant difference was found between students in regular academic classes and those in classes for slower learners. PMID- 7267252 TI - Ear dominance in classroom and clinic samples. AB - Non-language ear-preference for hand-held objects was measured for 120 high- and 120 low-achieving subjects in Grades 4, 8, and 12 and for 204 subjects with learning problems. Nonsignificant differences for proportions of right-ear preferences in the two groups were noted, but the correlation between ear preference and composite dominance was significant. PMID- 7267253 TI - Effects of variability of practice in a movement-education program on motor skill performance. AB - The study investigated the effects of the direct and exploration methods of teaching on the overhand throwing performance of kindergarten children. Variable throwing practice was provided in the exploration method by allowing children to throw 5 different types of balls at a variety of targets. Children given the direct method threw only one type of ball and received specific instruction and demonstrations. Throwing for distance and throwing accuracy were measured on pre- and posttests. A novel throwing task was administered on the posttest to measure skill transfer. The experimental groups received instruction three times per week for 4 wk. in throwing while a control group received no instruction. Significant sex differences in throws were found for distance and accuracy. Analysis of data from the novel task gave no significant effects. The two methods of teaching did not produce different levels of throwing skill. PMID- 7267254 TI - Effect of physical stress and time-pressure on performance. AB - Several aspects of the inverted U-model regarding the relation between activation and performance were tested in an experiment in which activation was manipulated both by increasing metabolic demands and by varying psychological demands. Psychological stress influenced performance but the direct manipulation of activation by increasing physical stress had no effect on performance. From these results we conclude that it is very unlikely that activation is causally related to performance. A better explanation seems that a stressor influences both activation and performance and that the effect of a stressor is highly specific and depends on the kind of stressor and the kind of task. PMID- 7267255 TI - Growth of apparent duration: effect of melodic and non-melodic tonal variation. AB - Time estimates of 12 intervals of 15 to 65 sec. duration were obtained from 30 subjects by one of two methods, magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching. Three kinds of sequences of musical notes were presented during stimulus intervals; repetitive, melodic, and random. Within all sequences, notes were of equal duration and with equal pauses between them. In all cases, the relationship between perceived and physical time is consistent with Stevens' power law. Exponents derived from both kinds of estimates were significantly affected by the content of the interval. Exponents derived for repetitive sequences were not different from 1 and were significantly larger than exponents derived from random or melodic sequences. These results are inconsistent with the view that the predictability, familiarity, or codability of event occurring in the stimulus interval is inversely related to the perceived duration of that interval. There is some indication that the effect of the content of the interval on judgments of duration varies with the magnitude of the duration being judged. Perhaps the relationship holds only within certain parameters and, when these are exceeded, other factors mask the effect. A two-process theory of time perception, one which considers these other factors and explains the present results, is proposed. PMID- 7267256 TI - Concerns of educators when referring students for evaluations of emotional and behavioral problems. PMID- 7267257 TI - Acquisition of depth discrimination in a Japanese macaque: a preliminary study. AB - A training method of depth discrimination in a Japanese monkey was reported. Using a Howard-Dohlman type apparatus, the monkey was required to discriminate the distance of two rods. Observation distance was 785 mm and a tracking method was employed. Difference thresholds measured preliminarily were 23.6 mm and 77.1 mm for binocular and monocular conditions, respectively. PMID- 7267258 TI - Assimilation and contrast in the parallel lines illusion? AB - Judgments of 40 undergraduates indicated that the assimilative character of the parallel lines illusion was destroyed at large values of both context line length and separation of context and center line variables. Accommodation of a portion of these results requires a modification of Brigner's (1977) theory of perception of illusory extent. PMID- 7267259 TI - Volition, performance of a boring task and time estimation. AB - Subjective intervals were obtained from 40 subjects (20 males, 20 females) who were assigned to a group with or without volition in which choice regarding task involvement was varied. Orthogonal to volition, half the subjects engaged in a boring task, half in an interesting task. Subjects assigned to the group with no volition displayed typical temporal behavior (an interesting task was judged as significantly shorter), while subjects in the group with volition showed no difference in protensity as a function of task quality, yielding the predicted interaction. PMID- 7267260 TI - Effects of tasks interpolated during rest on reminiscence for pursuit-rotor performance and inverted-alphabet printing: a test of a consolidation theory of reminiscence. AB - As a test of a consolidation theory of reminiscence, 150 female college students practiced inverted-alphabet printing and the pursuit rotor for 5 min., rested for 20 min., and then practiced for 2 more min. During the rest period, some subjects rested while others performed reverse-cue rotary pursuit or mirror tracing. No reduction in reminiscence produced by tasks occurring during the rest period was found. While the failure to support a consolidation theory of reminiscence could not be explained, the possibility of sex differences in response to tasks occurring during the rest period was discussed. PMID- 7267261 TI - Comparison of performance of eight-year-old children on three auditory sequential memory tests. AB - 20 normal children (Mage = 8.2 yr.) were administered three tests of auditory sequential memory. A Pearson product-moment correlation of .50 and coefficients of determination showed all but one relationship to be nonsignificant and predictability between pairs of scores to be poor. PMID- 7267262 TI - Prediction of kindergarteners' behavior on Metropolitan Readiness Tests from preschool perceptual and perceptual-motor performances: a validation study. AB - Multiple regression equations were generated to predict cognitive achievement for 40 children (ages 57 to 68 mo.) 1 yr. after administration of a battery of 6 perceptual and perceptual-motor tests to determine if previous results from Toledo could be replicated. Regression equations generated from maximum R2 improvement techniques indicated that performance at prekindergarten is useful for prediction of cognitive performance (total score and total score without the copying subtest on the Metropolitan Readiness Tests) 1 yr. later at the end of kindergarten. The optimal battery included scores on auditory perception, fine perceptual-motor, and gross perceptual-motor tasks. The moderate predictive power of the equations obtained was compared with high predictive power generated in the Toledo study. PMID- 7267263 TI - Functional asymmetry in body perception and ocular dominance: a study of their interactions. AB - The relationships between ocular dominance and body perception (for the left and right body halves) were examined for 41 undergraduate female psychology students. The results indicate an interesting connection between the two phenomena. The four groups of subjects classified on the basis of ocular dominance (right, left, fluctuating and no dominance) showed statistically significant differences on one aspect of body perception, measured by the 'Difference Deviation Scores.' Also three groups of subjects classified on the basis of body perception (subjects with major perceptual error on the left or on the right, and subjects showing no difference in perception of the two body halves) showed statistically significant differences in ocular dominance. PMID- 7267265 TI - Selection of relevant cues in volume discrimination by golden hamsters. PMID- 7267264 TI - Effect of stimulus perspective on perception of oscillation. AB - 8 groups of subjects, 10 per group, had 10 trials for each of two perceptual tasks. Subjects in each group viewed a rotating trapezoid at a constant speed at equal-interval angles of tilt (0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees) and two directions of stimulus tilt (toward observer and parallel to observer). It was predicted that most reports of oscillatory perception would occur for parallel tilt at 0 degree and 90 degree angles of orientation. In addition, there would be a hypothesized decrease in perceived oscillations from 0 degrees to 90 degrees when the stimulus was tilted toward the observer. Both direction of stimulus tilt and angle of orientation were significant. Post hoc comparisons yielded reliable differences from the parallel tilt and tilt toward the observer. The evidence supports the position that veridical information processing in the trapezoid oscillatory illusion is a joint function of signal-detection capability and availability of perceptual cues. PMID- 7267266 TI - Study of Quick Test, WAIS, and premorbid estimates of intelligence for neuropsychiatric patients. AB - For 30 patients high correlations among scores on Quick Test forms and between scores on Quick Test forms and WAIS scores are as expected from prior work. Premorbid scores were higher than current scores. Range was restricted (IQs of 50 to 127), variances heterogeneous as expected. PMID- 7267268 TI - Variations in perception of right and left halves of the body during the menstrual cycle. AB - To determine whether cerebral dominance in body perception changes during the menstrual cycle, we have examined the body perceptions of 55 women between 16 and 49 yr. of age. The women were placed in one of 4 groups (menstrual, follicular, luteal, premenstrual). The maximum dominance in body perceptions appeared in the follicular group and tended to disappear for luteal and premenstrual groups. A positive, statistically significant correlation of .25 was found between days of cycle and Deviation Index for the perception of the right half of the body. PMID- 7267269 TI - Self-monitoring and psychotherapy: a comment. PMID- 7267267 TI - Individual differences in cue utilization on spatial tasks. AB - Two studies examined individual differences in cue utilization for spatial tasks. Study 1 investigated sex and weight differences in the use of proprioceptive and tactile cues for negotiating a finger maze while blindfolded. The results indicate that females and overweight persons were more likely to use a tactile cue than a proprioceptive one, while the reverse was true for males. Also, the 16 females were more likely to use a tactile cue and less likely to use a proprioceptive cue than the 16 males were. These individual difference reflected an attentional bias on the part of male subjects and a response bias on the part of female and overweight subjects. Study 2 investigated sex differences in congenitally blind subjects' use of proprioceptive and exteroceptive cues when giving directions to get from one place to another. The results showed that the 5 males provided more proprioceptive than exteroceptive cues, while a trend in the opposite direction was observed for the 5 females. PMID- 7267270 TI - Comparison of information-processing capacities in young and aged subjects using reaction times. AB - Older subjects are compared to younger subjects on four reaction time tasks. Utilizing a model proposed by Teichner and Krebs (1974), four simple tasks were evolved to estimate: simple reaction time, response selection, stimulus-response translation, and stimulus-stimulus translation. Results indicated that the time difference found between the elderly and young subjects on a simple RT task was relatively equivalent to the time differences found on tasks isolating the components of response selection and stimulus-response translation. However, on a task necessitating a stimulus-stimulus translation the elderly showed a significantly greater increment in RT than found on the previous three tasks. It was concluded that the elderly have no relative difficulty making judgments in terms of the number of response choices and when the information for a judgment has direct relevance toi the response choice. When the information for a judgment does not have direct relevance to the response choice. When the information for a judgment does not have direct relevance to the decision, it is difficult for elderly persons to use this information adequately. PMID- 7267271 TI - Perceptual equivalence of acoustic cues in speech and nonspeech perception. PMID- 7267272 TI - Spatial disinhibition of orientation analyzers. PMID- 7267273 TI - Phoneme-monitoring reaction time and preceding prosody: effects of stop closure duration and of fundamental frequency. PMID- 7267275 TI - Recognition models of alphanumeric characters. PMID- 7267274 TI - Applicability of the parallel-clock model to duration discrimination. PMID- 7267276 TI - Visual imagery lowers sensitivity to hue-varying, but not to luminance-varying, visual stimuli. PMID- 7267277 TI - Limulus psychophysics: increment threshold. PMID- 7267279 TI - Sclera color and reports of afterimage persistence. PMID- 7267278 TI - Identification and discrimination of handshape in American Sign Language. PMID- 7267280 TI - Recognition/confusion of dot matrix vs. conventional font capital letters. PMID- 7267281 TI - Bending the Poggendorff parallels and the rules of inference: a note on Brigell and Uhlarik (1980). PMID- 7267282 TI - Variability in letter-matching asymmetry. PMID- 7267284 TI - Reason to avoid triangular designs in nonmetric scaling. PMID- 7267283 TI - Contrast and the difference-of-logarithms. PMID- 7267285 TI - Universities, medical schools, and hospitals--can they coexist? PMID- 7267286 TI - A speech about Comanches and miracles made to premedical students who are not as scary as doctors. PMID- 7267287 TI - The development and impact of the medical model. PMID- 7267288 TI - A mirror for medicine: Richard Selzer, Michael Crichton, and Walker Percy. PMID- 7267289 TI - Birth defects: from here to eternity. PMID- 7267290 TI - The pound of cure. PMID- 7267292 TI - It has been said. Original aphorisms. PMID- 7267291 TI - Membrane domination of biological energy exchanges: a message of the 1978 Nobel award in chemistry. PMID- 7267293 TI - A curious kind of distant referral from a slightly painful stimulus to the skin. PMID- 7267294 TI - Mast cells and precursor protein molecules. PMID- 7267295 TI - [Non-surgically treated long segmental obstruction of the hepatic inferior vena cava by means of transluminal angioplasty using Gruntzig balloon catheter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267296 TI - [Results of radiotherapy for the fixed cervical lymph node metastasis from epithelial carcinoma of the head and neck region (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267297 TI - [Stochastic risk estimation from medical x-ray diagnostic examinations. 3. Population doses and population risks from x-ray diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267298 TI - [The G-value for the fricke dosimeter for fast neutron beams (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267300 TI - [Cineangiographic measurement of aortic compliance in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267299 TI - [Population doses from beam-therapy in Japan, 1978. Part 3. Estimation of malignancy significant dose and fatal malignant risk (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267301 TI - [Lymphography in the head and neck, dog experiments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267302 TI - [Influence of computed tomography on diagnosis cost in renal tumoral syndromes (author's transl)]. AB - The cost of computed tomography has been compared with that of other exploratory procedures in two groups of patients with renal tumoral syndromes. Reduced duration of stay in hospital and reduced number of arteriographies in cases of renal cancer, much lesser use of diagnostic puncture-aspiration in cases of renal cysts are the most obvious benefits of the new method. PMID- 7267303 TI - [Male fertility in Hodgkin's disease before and after chemotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - Sperm examinations and/or measurements of plasma FSH, LH and testosterone were performed on 54 patients with Hodgkin's disease before and/or after 3 or 6 courses of multiagent chemotherapy (MOPP). In 24 patients without constitutional symptoms the results of fresh and frozen sperm examination were similar to those of a fertile control population. In 23 patients, pretreatment hormone levels were identical with those of controls. During the first year following completion of chemotherapy all patients had azoospermia and high FSH levels. From the second year onwards, 2 out of 16 patients had normal spermatogenesis (the wife of one of these gave birth to a healthy child), while 4 had grossly deficient spermatogenesis and 10 azoospermia. All male patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease should be asked to give sperm for freezing before chemotherapy and should be informed that spermatogenesis may be resumed from the second posttreatment year. PMID- 7267304 TI - [A study of the diffusion of cefamandole into bronchial secretions (author's transl)]. AB - The penetration of cefamandole into bronchial secretions was investigated in 5 tracheostomized patients with respiratory tract infections and purulent or mucopurulent expectorations. Bronchial secretions were collected by aspiration through the cannula at successive predetermined times after an intravenous injection of 1.5 g of the drug. Cefamandole concentrations in simultaneous samples of serum and bronchial secretions were measured by the agar diffusion microbiological method. Useful concentrations of cefamandole were obtained in bronchial secretions, with an early peak (mean: 1.97 microgram/ml; range: 0.5 -- 4.6 microgram/ml) one hour after the injection. The ratio of bronchial concentration to simultaneous serum concentration reached 24% six hours after the injection. These results show that cefamandole achieves bronchial concentrations which are superior, or at least equal, to the MICs of organisms responsible for respiratory infections. This and the resistance of cefamandole to beta lactamases suggest that this second generation cephalosporin can be valuable in acute bronchopulmonary infections. PMID- 7267305 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of trypsin in dried blood. Importance for the neonatal detection of cystic fibrosis (author's transl)]. AB - The demonstration of very high levels of immunoreactive trypsin in the blood of newborn infants with cystic fibrosis has provided a new way of detecting the disease soon after birth. A radioimmunoassay of trypsin in the eluate of blood dried on filter paper has now been developed. The sensitivity and accuracy of the method, as well as the good correlation observed between the values obtained and those of the conventional plasma assay, indicate that it is reliable and well adapted to the newborn. The new assay can easily be inserted into the present system of neonatal disease detection. A preliminary assessment of more than 5,000 tests enables the authors to report an early diagnosis of proven cystic fibrosis and to discuss an essential aspect of mass-detection methods: the indicence of false-positive results. PMID- 7267306 TI - [Thymoma associated with myasthenia, erythroblastopenia, myositis and giant cell myocarditis. One case (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a 76-year-old woman presenting with malignant thymoma associated with myasthenia, erythroblastopenia, myositis and giant cell myocarditis. Blood examination showed antinuclear antibodies, anti-platelet antibodies and LE cells. Only one similar case and 22 cases of thymoma associated with giant cell myocarditis have been published. It seems probable that thymomas plays a part in the pathogenesis of giant cell myocarditis. PMID- 7267307 TI - [A "wholly mechanical" Pean-type gastric resection (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a simple technique of Pean-type gastric resection, using the T.A. 90 stapler to close the gastric stump and the E.E.A. instrument to perform the termino-lateral gastroduodenostomy. No post-operative complications nor anastomotic stenoses were observed. PMID- 7267308 TI - [Subcutaneous Dirofilaria repens filariasis. A new French case]. PMID- 7267310 TI - [An unusual tumor of the common bile duct: the aberrant pancreas]. PMID- 7267309 TI - [Esophagectomy without thoracotomy for caustic burns]. PMID- 7267311 TI - [Acute leukoencephalitis in measles. Tomodensitometric aspects]. PMID- 7267312 TI - [Digitalis poisoning disclosing a villous rectal tumor]. PMID- 7267313 TI - [Adjuvant treatment of Horton's disease]. PMID- 7267314 TI - [Long-term side effects of diuretics]. PMID- 7267315 TI - [Manic-depressive psychosis. Efficacy of lithium in various disorders of carbohydrate metabolism]. PMID- 7267316 TI - [Staphylococcal toxins and their pathogenic actions]. PMID- 7267317 TI - [Toxic-shock syndrome. Three cases (author's transl)]. AB - Several cases of toxic shock syndrome (T.S.S) have been recently reported from the U.S.A. Clinical features of this new syndrome include fever, desquamative scarlatiniform rash, hypotension and involvement of central nervous system, liver, kidney and muscles. More than 90% of cases are women with staphylococcic vaginitis using tampons during menstruations. A toxin produced by staphylococcus aureus is thought to be the causative agent, because the germ has been isolated in local (vaginal, pharyngeal, subcutaneous or other sites) but not systemic (blood, cerebrospinal fluid) cultures. The mortality rate is 3-10%, and relapse can occur. We report the first three french cases of T.S.S.: a 17 year old girl with typical tampon-associated vaginitis, a 36 year old woman with a postoperative peritonitis and a 20 year old man with a popliteal abscess. Staphylococcus aureus of type I or IV was identified at the site of infection in all cases, but never in blood cultures. These three patients recovered with antistaphylococcic antibiotics and supportive therapy, but local treatment of infections seems to have been of utmost importance. These cases suggest that T.S.S. can occur with several staphylococcus serotypes and confirm that this syndrome is not always associated with tampons and vaginitis. PMID- 7267318 TI - [Cardiac involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. 103 cases (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and three cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were reviewed after a period of up to 10 years. The pericardium was involved in 27%, the endocardium in 23% and the myocardium in 14.5% of the cases. Arrhythmia was rare and usually accompanied pericardial or myocardial lesions. Conduction disorders were present in 14.5% of the patients. Atrioventricular block often occurred long after the acute phase of SLE, and synthetic antimalarial drugs appear to be responsible for their development. Whether or not SLE affects the heart, the prognosis is the same during the first ten years of the disease. PMID- 7267319 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Non-surgical treatment of vascular stenoses and occlusions with balloon catheters (author's transl)]. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was invented by Dotter, in 1964, for the treatment of atheromatous stenosis in inoperable patients. But it only became widely used since Gruntzig made it free from risk of major arterial wall damage by developing an inflatable balloon catheter. Trained vascular radiologists can now treat with little danger not only ilio-femoral, popliteal, renal, coronary or even subclavian stenoses, but also a number of local obstructions of leg arteries. The respective indications of angioplasty and vascular surgery are not yet well defined and must be discussed for each patient. PMID- 7267320 TI - [Per-operative radiography with memory image intensification and Polaroid image recording (author's transl)]. AB - The B.V. 22 apparatus with memory image intensification and Polaroid image recording fulfills all the requirements of general and specialized surgery with radiographic control. It is easy to operate, gives reproducible results and excellent quality films and is highly versatile, most economical in use and cheaper than all systems currently available. PMID- 7267321 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency from handling dynamite (GOMA 2)]. PMID- 7267322 TI - [Iatrogenic poisoning by digoxin]. PMID- 7267324 TI - [Isolation of enterovirus 71 in hand-foot-and mouth disease]. PMID- 7267323 TI - [Regressive spondylodiskitis following lumbar diskography]. PMID- 7267325 TI - [Antiosteoclastic effect of calcitonin. Effect of a weak dose]. PMID- 7267326 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 7267327 TI - [Prognostic factors in acute digitalis poisoning (author's transl)]. AB - The prognostic significance of various clinical and biochemical factors was investigated in 179 patients who had absorbed more than 2 mg of digitoxin. The mortality rate in this series was 17%. Supraventricular arrythmias had no influence on prognosis, but the death risk was higher in males and in patients with A-V block. It increased with age, with digitoxin and potassium serum levels and even more with persistent hyperkalemia. Two other factors, previous heart disease and vomiting, were also significant in patients without heart block. Calculated on the basis of 4 clinical factors, the mortality rate varied from 2 to 74%. The death risk in acute digitalis poisoning can therefore be easily assessed from simple clinical criteria. PMID- 7267329 TI - [Purpura fulminans caused by pneumococcus in a splenectomized adult with persistence of accessory splenic tissue]. PMID- 7267330 TI - [Conjugal malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 7267328 TI - [Vitamin B12 deficiency in chronic atrophic gastritis. 3 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The megaloblastic anaemia observed in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis is usually due to malabsorption of vitamin B12. In some cases, the absence of intrinsic factor supports the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia but other factors, the importance of which varies from case to case, are also involved. They include proliferation of bacteria in the lumen of the gut, intestinal cell abnormalities resulting from lack of vitamin B12 and low hydrochloric acid output with subsequent reduction in the release of vitamin B12 from foodstuffs. With regard to treatment, it would seem justified to combine oral broad-spectrum antibiotics with parenteral administration of vitamin B12. PMID- 7267331 TI - [Thrombopenia : an unusual complication of digitalis poisoning]. PMID- 7267332 TI - [Spontaneous peritonitis in the cirrhotic, caused by Yersinia enterocolitica]. PMID- 7267333 TI - [Acute rhabdomyolysis and heroin]. PMID- 7267336 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetem comitans. A new case]. PMID- 7267335 TI - [Digital necrosis disclosing Reynolds' syndrome (primary biliary cirrhosis and scleroderma) with Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome]. PMID- 7267334 TI - [Apparently idiopathic blue histiocyte syndrome. A rare cause of splenomegaly in the adult]. PMID- 7267337 TI - [Evaluation of melanoma]. PMID- 7267338 TI - [Stage I malignant melanoma of the skin. Prognostic value of thickness and level (author's transl)]. AB - In a retrospective study of 95 patients seen between 1950 and 1978, the outcome of malignant melanoma levels III, IV and V of Clark's classification was reviewed. Patients with lentigo malignant melanoma were excluded. The overall survival rate was 63% at 5 years and 48% at 10 years. For the whole population of patients significant differences in survival rate were associated with level (p = 0,00002), thickness (less than 2 mm or greater than or equal to 2 mm; p less than 0.0,0001) and histological type (p = 0,02). The significance of prognostic variables taken separately was calculated by the Breslow method and was found to be: p = 0,0005 for thickness, p = 0,0009 for patient's age and p = 0,02 for histological type. In analysis with two variables, including level, thickness was the variable that added most to the information on prognosis supplied by level. For the population of patients with melanoma levels III and IV significant differences in survival rate were associated with thickness (less than 2 mm or greater than or equal to 2 mm; p less than 0,001), though not with level. When the variables were studied separately, thickness and patient's age were significant (p = 0,02 and p = 0,03 respectively). Analysis with two variables, including thickness, showed that age was the variable that added most to the information on prognosis supplied by thickness. PMID- 7267339 TI - [Radiotelemetric study of the effects of antacids and cimetidine on intragastric pH (author's transl)]. AB - Radiotelemetric measurement of intragastric pH constitutes a simple method for assessing the activity of surface antacids and antisecretory agents in man. The time during which the intragastric pH is maintained at 3.5 or above is the bet criterion of therapeutic effectiveness. One hundred and fifty-two measurements were performed to evaluate the effects of six antacids administered in the usual doses and of cimetidine, milk (250 ml) and a standard continental breakfast. The results showed that the effects of antacids were extremely brief (less than 30 minutes). The delay in onset of cimetidine activity (more than 45 minutes) and the time it maintained intragastric pH above 3.5 were determined. These in vivo results correlated positively with in vitro measurements. The authors suggest that the dosage of surface antacids should be expressed in anti-acid mEq, knowing that 50 mEq produce as therapeutic effect lasting approximately 30 minutes. The data provided by radiotelemetry could be used to adjust the anti-acid treatment to the diet and the time of the day. The method also seems to be applicable to the study of new antacids and antisecretory drugs. PMID- 7267340 TI - [Disseminated sclerosis. Possible correlation between clinical forms and HLA groups (author's transl)]. AB - The study concerns HLA typing of 261 patients with disseminated sclerosis. All patients were grouped for loci A and B. In addition, 94 were typed in HLA DR and 132 in mixed lymphocytic culture (DW2 only). Analysis of tissue group distribution among patients compared with a control population showed not only over-representation of the B7, DW2, A3 B7 and B7 DR2 types (as previously stressed by several workers), but also of A9 and of B8 DR3 and A1 B8 DR3 associations. Moreover, it would seem that there are two distinct clinical forms of disseminated sclerosis, each form being characterized by a specific antigenic HLA association. Side by side with the conventional and most common "remittent" form, which is partly responsive to treatment, has a relatively favourable course and is frequently associated with B7 and DW2/DR2, there appears to emerge around DR3, B8 DR3 and A1 B8 DR3 a rarer, "progressive" form of rapidly increasing severity and resistant to immuno-suppressants. This, however, is a mere hypothesis which needs to be confirmed by further studies on a larger scale. PMID- 7267341 TI - [Oesophagectomy without thoracotomy. 5 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe an original technique of excision in severe caustic burns of the upper digestive tract: oesophagectomy without thoracotomy. The new procedure avoids the wide pleural opening of the thoracic approach, which leads to frequent and often fatal respiratory and infectious complications, whereas extrapleural drainage of the mediastinum has always proved effective and safe. Five technically successful operations were performed in one year. One patient died on the 10th post-operative day of tracheal necrosis related of the burn and 4 patients survived. These preliminary results are encouraging. PMID- 7267342 TI - [Osteoarthritis caused by Pasteurella multocida]. PMID- 7267343 TI - [Application of the Doppler effect to the detection of Horton's temporal arteritis]. PMID- 7267344 TI - [Acute hepatonephritis caused by dinitro-orthocresol]. PMID- 7267345 TI - [Complete auriculo-ventricular block in a female carrier of Duchenne de Boulogne myopathy]. PMID- 7267346 TI - [Lymphedema and distichiasis]. PMID- 7267347 TI - [Hemogram and pretransfusion verification of blood group. Effects of the presence of cold agglutinins]. PMID- 7267348 TI - [Kaliopenic normokalemic tetraplegia]. PMID- 7267349 TI - [Asthma and gastroesophageal reflux]. PMID- 7267350 TI - [Hypertensive patients treated with tielinic acid. A retrospective study of 298 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two-hundred and ninety-eight hypertensive patients received tielinic acid for a period of 4 to 42 months; in 295 cases the drug was combined with a potassium sparing diuretic. No significant changes in mean serum creatinine levels were observed in the whole group. The slight rise in serum creatinine which occurred in 17 patients cannot be ascribed with certainty to the combined treatment. Two patients developed cytolytic hepatitis, and of the 253 patients whose serum transaminase levels were systematically measured, 18 had moderately increased levels; here again, the responsibility of the drug could not be fully established. These data suggest that combining tielinic acid with a potassium sparing diuretic carries little risk of renal impairment and that this treatment can safely be used. The risk of liver damage is unquestionable but probably small no greater than that of other commonly used hepatotoxic drugs, notably allopurinol. PMID- 7267352 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiovascular effects of the arteriovenous fistula in haemodialyzed patients (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective echocardiographic study was conducted in 24 patients undergoing haemodialysis to evaluate the cardiovascular consequences of their arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Recordings were taken before and after occlusion of the AVF during 15 minutes, which made it possible to measure the output of the shunt. With one exception, the AVF had no effect on the mechanisms of cardiac failure and arterial hypertension. Echocardiography therefore seems capable of providing valuable information on the haemodynamics status of patients under haemodialysis. PMID- 7267351 TI - [Disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. Current features and frequency of haematogenous forms (author's transl)]. AB - Seventy-five cases of disseminated tuberculosis of the lung were observed between 1960 and 1978. On radiology, they presented as fine or coarse miliary nodules or diffuse infiltrates. The disease occurred at all ages and were afebrile in 25% of the cases. It was frequently haemategenous, as shown by the presence of extrathoracic foci (Pott's disease, tuberculosis of the urinary or genital tracts), or, more often, by associated lesions indicating bacteraemia, such as meningitis, granulations on the fundus oculi, miliary tuberculosis of the liver and positive urine culture with normal urographic findings. Positive urine cultures, which were encountered in 32% of the patients, appeared to be reliable criterion of dissemination through the blood stream. Disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis usually responded to modern combined antibiotic therapy, but 8 patients over 60 years of age died during the first six weeks of treatment. Relapses were rare with prolonged therapy including isoniazid and streptomycin and did not occur after rifampicin was introduced into the therapeutic regimen. PMID- 7267354 TI - [Weber-Christian syndrome following endoscopic Wirsung duct radiography]. PMID- 7267353 TI - ["Gravid eutrophia" or normalization of fluid compartments in the pregnant woman. Measurement of whole body electric impedance]. PMID- 7267355 TI - [Intra-uterine pregnancy after microsurgical salpingostomy for bilharziasis of the tubal ampulla]. PMID- 7267356 TI - [Isolated late epilepsy disclosing glioblastoma and false negatives on the scanner]. PMID- 7267357 TI - [2 cases of septicemia caused by Vibrio non cholerae or non-O1 Vibrio cholerae]. PMID- 7267358 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis associated with chronic active cirrhogenous hepatitis. Treatment by plasmapheresis of associated hyperglobulinemic purpura]. PMID- 7267360 TI - [Use of single-breath curves for the evaluation of changes in ventilatory distribution in chronic obstructive lung diseases with special reference to emphysema. I. Classification of patients with COLD based on clinical and radiological criteria]. PMID- 7267359 TI - [Plasmacytic leukemia. Apropos of a case with prolonged survival after polychemotherapy]. PMID- 7267361 TI - [Use of single-breath curves for the evaluation of changes in ventilatory distribution in chronic obstructive lung diseases with special reference to emphysema. II. Classification of patients with COLD based on the results of respiratory tests]. PMID- 7267362 TI - [Usefulness of thin-needle biopsy in the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions (based on personal experience)]. PMID- 7267363 TI - [Effect of blood proteins on various rheological characteristics and viscosity of blood in silicosis]. PMID- 7267364 TI - [Ammonia content of mixed venous blood (obtained from pulmonary artery) and arterial blood in patients with pulmonary heart disease]. PMID- 7267365 TI - [Case of acute bronchiolitis]. PMID- 7267366 TI - [Foreign body in the bronchus of a child with recurrent bronchitis and pneumonia]. PMID- 7267367 TI - [Chylothorax in a 9-year-old boy]. PMID- 7267368 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis in patients over 60 years of age]. PMID- 7267369 TI - [Measurement of total airway resistance by forced oscillations. Our modification of the method]. PMID- 7267370 TI - [Incidence of pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with history of cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7267371 TI - [Results of treatment of bacterial complications in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7267373 TI - [Left lung aplasia diagnosed in a 15-year-old boy]. PMID- 7267372 TI - [Treatment of bronchial asthma in pulmonary aspergillosis]. PMID- 7267374 TI - [Primary acquired agammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 7267375 TI - [2 cases of giant air cysts of the lung]. PMID- 7267377 TI - [Selected problems concerning the treatment of proliferative syndromes of the hemopoietic system]. PMID- 7267376 TI - [Bronchial foreign body as a cause of recurrent pneumonia]. PMID- 7267378 TI - [The secretin-pancreozymin test in patients with cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7267379 TI - [Physical blood properties in chronic respiratory failure]. PMID- 7267380 TI - [Advantages and disadvantages of immunotherapy in asthma]. PMID- 7267381 TI - [The sick sinus syndrome--an ever-present diagnostic and therapeutic problem]. PMID- 7267382 TI - [Triglyceride, cholesterol and glucose levels in men aged 20-39 working in Warsaw industrial plants]. PMID- 7267383 TI - [Pulmonary circulation at rest and during exercise in patients with idiopathic interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]. PMID- 7267384 TI - [Viral respiratory tract infections and the development of asthma]. PMID- 7267385 TI - [Modern pharmacological treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 7267386 TI - [Chylothorax in the course of malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 7267387 TI - [New trends in the drug therapy of hypertension]. PMID- 7267388 TI - [Minimum protein requirements in patients with gallstones treated with chenodeoxycholic acid]. PMID- 7267389 TI - [Effect of toxic factors on the incidence of hematopoietic system damage]. PMID- 7267390 TI - [6-year experience with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography]. PMID- 7267391 TI - [Comparative studies on pancreatic function and morphology in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7267392 TI - [Minoxidil control of severe arterial hypertension complicating glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7267393 TI - [Radiological and pathomorphological studies on arterial vascularization of the uteri of cows of the LBW and RP breeds]. PMID- 7267394 TI - [Effect of atherogenic diet on the liver lipid level and development of aortic sclerosis in dogs]. AB - Metabolic efficiency of the liver of 16 dogs, mixed breed, sexually mature, of both sexes was studied in a lasting experiment. The animals were kept in cages without a run, divided into 3 groups - k, A6 and A12. They were fed an atherogenic diet for 6 and 12 months. Beside cholesterol pork fat and cholic acid, the diet contained metizol. Hepatic lipids were analysed by the method of thin-layer chromatography and densitometric measurements. The numerical results statistically verified have been given in mg/g of wet liver tissue taken from the right lobe, homogenized and extracted after the method of Folch et al. Pathomorphological changes in the abdominal aorta were evaluated macro- and microscopically. The magnitude of aortosclerotic changes was compared with mean values of hepatic lipids. The numerical values and the image of chromatographic distribution are shown in Table 1 and Figs 1, 2 and 3. After 6 month feeding, in group A6 the authors observed a considerable increase of hepatic lipids, preserved capability of cholesterol esterification and the occurrence of early atherosclerotic changes in the aorta. After 12 months, the level of lipids such as phospholipids, free fatty acids, triglycerides and free cholesterol increased. However, a turning point in the capability of cholesterol esterification was observed, which was expressed by a decrease of cholesterol esters. In the abdominal aorta developed atherosclerosis marked with 2 and 3 pluses was found. It is concluded that beside metizol and overloading highcaloric diet, lack of movement contributed to metabolic disturbances expressed by hepatopathy, hyperlipemia and aortosclerosis, which has a great influence in dogs on preservation of homeostasis of the organism. PMID- 7267395 TI - [Effect of partial ileal bypass on the liver lipid level in dogs on an atherogenic diet]. AB - An attempt was undertaken to find out to what extent a partial ileal bypass in healthy dogs fed for 6 and 12 months on overloaded atherogenic diet with an addition of metizol influences the level of lipids and the development of atherosclerosis of the aorta. For the investigations 16 mongrels, both sexes, from 2 to 5 years old were used. an unoperated, control group consisted of 6 dogs, which were fed on the atherogenic diet for 12 months. The dogs underwent a partial ileal bypass operation after Buchwald and Varco's method. When the dogs had recovered, 5 of them were on the atherogenic diet for 6 months, and 5 others for 12 months. After this period the animals were put to sleep. The isolated aorta was examined macro and microscopically. A segment of the right lobus of the liver was homogenized and from lg of a wet mass the lipids were extracted after the method of Folch et al. The level of lipids was estimated by thin-layer chromatography. The spots of the chromatograms were densitometrically analyzed and the results were statistically evaluated. In the control group the level of hepatic lipids in most components increased considerably. In the operated dogs and those fed for a long time, the level of these compounds decreased distinctly, especially in comparison with the control group, and was statistically highly significant in 1,3 - DG, TG and CE. The occurrence of statistically significant differences among the animals fed on the atherogenic diet for 6 and 12 months was not noticed. In dogs of both these groups other arteriosclerotic changes in the aorta were not demonstrated. During the experiment the animals felt well and their body weight did not change. No negative influence of the operation connected with the overloaded feeding of the level of hepatic lipids was observed. In both groups the above-mentioned level was near its norm. PMID- 7267396 TI - [Glioarchitectonics of the cerebellar nuclei in cows during postnatal development]. AB - In these studies two medullae oblongatae of newborn calves and 4 medullae oblongatae of 4-week-old calves and 1-, 3-, 6-, 10- and 14-year-old cows were used at a time. Paraffin microtome sections cut in the frontal plane were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and after Kluver Barrer's method as well as impregnated after the method of Ramon Moliner, Klatzo and Robain. For the studies there were taken serial sections of the lateral vestibular and medial nuclei, reticular formation, dorsal nucleus of the X nerve and the olive. In the preparations stained by routine methods, morphological features of oligodendrocytes (light, medium stained and dark), astrocytes and microglia cells were described. In post-natal development of the cow variation of the morphological features of astrocytes as well as irregular distribution of the individual forms of microglia cells were found. PMID- 7267397 TI - [Glioarchitectonics of the cerebellar cortex and medulla of cows during postnatal development]. AB - For the studies 2 cerebella of newborn calves and 4 cerebella of 4-week-old calves, and 1-, 3-, 6-, 10- and 14-year-old cows were used at a time. Paraffin cerebellum sections cut with a microtome were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and after Kluver Barrer's method as well as impregnated after the method of Klatzo, Ramon Moliner and Robain. In the material studied, glioarchitectonics of the cortex and medullary substance of the cerebellum was described. Morphological features of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes (light, medium stained, and dark) and microglia cells (round and pericytes) were described in the glia occurring in these parts of the cerebellum. In the particle layer and in that of purkinje cells morphological features of Fananas and Bergman cells, representing a variety of astrocytes, were described. Because of a great similarity of glia cells to granular, basket and stellate cells of the cerebellum, morphological features of these neurons were also described, giving a particulate attention to the differences in the structure of the latter and glia cells. PMID- 7267398 TI - [Connecting branches of the proper and accessory ciliary ganglion in the wild boar]. AB - In 34 heads of wild boars examined the presence of the proper and accessory ciliary ganglions was found. The accessory ciliary ganglion is located at a constant distance of 20 mm from the proper ciliary ganglion along the short side ciliary nerves. The connecting branch of the ciliary ganglion to the nasociliary nerve was found in 50% of the preparations. The connecting branch from the internal carotid nerve to the ciliary ganglion was found in three preparations. Moreover, the sympathetic branch was found to run together with the connecting branch to the ciliary ganglions from the nasociliary nerve. In all cases, a strong connecting branch from the zygomatic nerve to the proper ciliary ganglion was also observed. PMID- 7267399 TI - Second Annual Winter Neuropeptide Conference. Satellite symposium to the Winter Conference on Brain Research, Breckenridge, Colorado, January 21-24, 1981. PMID- 7267400 TI - Neuropeptide modulation of social and exploratory behaviors in laboratory rodents. AB - Neuropeptide influences on exploratory and social behaviors were investigated, using a video-monitored computer-assisted automated animal behavior analysis system. Cholecystokinin decreased exploratory tendencies in the dose range 0.1 5.0 microgram/kg IP and 0.5-5.0 microgram/IVT, indicating a peripheral mechanism in the CCK reduction of spontaneous behaviors. Neither arginine vasopressin nor alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone changed parameters of exploratory and social behaviors, strengthening the possibility that their roles in increasing acquisition and retention of operant tasks are specific to neural mechanisms involved in memory and learning. Analysis of spontaneous exploratory and social behavior patterns appears to be a sensitive and effective tool for detecting changes in arousal and attention to environmental stimuli which may underlie more specific behavioral effects of brain neuropeptides. PMID- 7267401 TI - Differential effects of neuropeptides on short-term memory in primates. AB - In a within-subject design, six rhesus monkeys (3 males and 3 females) received a 100 micrograms/kg injection of one of seven neuropeptides or a diluent control solution and were then tested for activity level, learning (discrimination reversal), short-term memory (delayed response), and for responsiveness to noxious stimuli. One daily injection was made with a different peptide for 10 consecutive days, including pre- and post tests on th first and last days with the diluent control. DSIP and D-Phe4-Met enkephalin seemed to produce some interference with short-term memory, while alpha-MSH showed some facilitation of it, as indicated by interactions of the peptides with the delay periods of 0, 15, or 30 sec. Sex differences were found in the learning task and the responsiveness to a noxious stimulus, suggesting the possibility of interactions between the peptides and endogenous hormones. PMID- 7267402 TI - Effects of melatonin on startle reflex in rat. AB - In two experiments the effects of melatonin were investigated on the motor, cardiac and emotional components of the startle reflex induced by an intense acoustic stimulus. Melatonin inhibited the motor movements and significantly decreased the HR responses of rats pretested with these procedures. Melatonin decreased the HR responses to stimulation whereas the HR responses of the rats treated with the vehicle solution increased. Melatonin treatment also inhibited the startle-induced defecation compared with the vehicle injection. These findings suggest that melatonin exerts inhibitory effects on the CNS, on sensory reflex and on stress responses. PMID- 7267403 TI - Neurotensin: first report of a cortical pathway. AB - Neurotensin is one of a growing number of putative peptidergic neurotransmitters common to both gut and brain. It has been localised in many areas of the central nervous system including the amygdala, hypothalamus and brain stem, although its physiological significance is unknown. Using a specific antiserum to neurotensin and immunocytochemical techniques, we have investigated the distribution of neurotensin and neurotensin containing pathways in the rat limbic system. Immunoreactive neurotensin was found in all areas of the limbic system and within the limbic cortex. In addition a previously unreported group of neurotensin containing cell bodies was found in the subicular region of the hippocampus.. In serial sections we were able to trace a pathway which appears to be the first peptide-containing pathway to be reported in the cerebral cortex from the dorsal hippocampus to the anterior cingulate cortex, following the path of the cingulate bundle. The presence of neurotensin (a putative excitatory transmitter) in this new hippocampal efferent pathway indicates that it may have an important role in cortical "association" mechanisms and limbic cortex functions. PMID- 7267404 TI - Secretin immunoreactivity in rat and pig brain. AB - Secretin immunoreactivity in rat and pig brain has been identified and characterized utilizing a highly specific radioimmunoassay and fractionation on a high pressure liquid chromatographic system reverse phase column. One immunoreactive peak from each brain extract was observed. Secretin immunoreactivity from rat brain and duodenum coelute, but eluted slightly ahead of the immunoreactivity from pig brain and duodenum and from synthetic porcine secretin. Immunoreactive secretin is widely distributed in the thalamus, hypothalamus and olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, midbrain, septum, striatum, hippocampus, medulla and pons. The highest concentrations occur in the pineal and the pituitary gland. PMID- 7267405 TI - Presence of leucine-enkephalin in organotypic explants of fetal mouse spinal cord. AB - Spinal cord explants with attached dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), from 14-day fetal mice were fixed at 1-3 weeks in vitro and incubated for leucine-enkephalin (LE) immunoreactivity by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method. Results show long processes with labeled varicosities seen more often in dorsal regions of the cord explants. Stained punctate bodies and varicosities were often seen close to large cells in these cultures, whereas no label was detected in neuronal perikarya. A prominent laminar array of stained punctate bodies was noted in one cord explant, concentric with the perimeter of the explant. No LE label was detected in the neuritic outgrowths from the cord-DRG explants, whereas high levels of opiate receptors develop in these outgrowths, primarily on the DRG neurites, by 1-2 weeks in culture. The results indicate the presence of LE in explants of fetal mouse spinal cord with attached DRGs and offer an in vitro model system in which the onset and development of peptidergic neurons can be studied as they form functional cellular interrelationships with neurons bearing opioid and monoaminergic receptors in these organotypic cultures. PMID- 7267406 TI - Characterization of peptides in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The report of endorphin-like activity in human CSF [7] has stimulated us to study peptides in various CSF specimens. At first we attempted to fractionate CSF by gel-filtration and paper-mapping procedures. By these techniques, we have isolated a peptide (Gly-Ala3-Val-Leu) contaminated with glutamic acid (or glutamine), which could not be removed by either of these methods. An HPLC method was developed for peptide fractionations on a RP-18 column with a gradient of 18 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile. This system has been evaluated with synthetic peptides of molecular weight up to about 1850, and has the advantages that the buffer salts may be removed by lyophilization and separations are performed at or near neutral pH thus minimizing alterations in the structure of the peptides. The retention characteristics of peptides on a C18 column is a function of the pH of the buffer. This facilitates the characterization of peptides since each may be identified by its unique chromatographic behavior at different pH values on one column. PMID- 7267407 TI - [Practical value of determination of physical fitness in the diagnosis of functional circulatory disorders]. PMID- 7267408 TI - [Drug treatment of auricular fibrillation]. PMID- 7267409 TI - [Arterial blood pressure in obese children after exertion]. PMID- 7267410 TI - [Effect of tobacco smoking on phenazone pharmacokinetics]. PMID- 7267411 TI - [Ectopic mediastinal thyroid tumors]. PMID- 7267412 TI - [Conservative treatment of postgastrectomy syndromes]. PMID- 7267413 TI - [Neurogenic calcinosis in the course of therapeutic rehabilitation after spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 7267414 TI - [Quantitative value of the total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol ratio of healthy persons of different age]. PMID- 7267415 TI - [Protein, total lipid and fatty acid content in human milk and milk substitutes]. PMID- 7267417 TI - [Classical methods of morphological evaluation of small intestine mucosa in children with celiac disease compared with the morphometric method]. PMID- 7267416 TI - [Adrenaline and noradrenaline levels before and after heart catheterization]. PMID- 7267418 TI - [Activity of aspartate- and alanine aminotransferases, creatine kinase and arginase after implantation of an artificial pacemaker]. PMID- 7267419 TI - [Minimal brain dysfunction among adolescents completing elementary education]. PMID- 7267420 TI - [Effect of Lippes loop on the endometrium]. PMID- 7267421 TI - [Serum leucine aminopeptidase activity in threatened abortion, prolonged pregnancy and pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 7267422 TI - [Combined treatment of chronic coronary disease with pentaerythritol tetranitrate and propranolol]. PMID- 7267423 TI - [Case of psychotic complications after therapeutic dose of belladonna tincture]. PMID- 7267424 TI - [Hypnosis as a method of treatment of cardiospasm in the light a personal case]. PMID- 7267425 TI - [Physiopathology of the crystalline lens]. PMID- 7267426 TI - [Incidence of injuries based on data of the Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinic of the Medical Academy in Lublin 1966-1979]. PMID- 7267427 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnostic difficulties in intracranial hypotension]. PMID- 7267428 TI - [Lung cancer among immigrants]. PMID- 7267430 TI - [2 cases of intrauterine pregnancy complicated by tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 7267429 TI - [Ultrasonotomographic diagnosis of post-inflammatory pancreatic pseudocyst]. PMID- 7267431 TI - [Evaluation of new agents with expected antiatheromatous action]. PMID- 7267432 TI - [Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria - a defect of the bone marrow stem cells]. PMID- 7267433 TI - [Comparison of endoscopic and radiological findings in gastric and duodenal diseases]. PMID- 7267434 TI - [Immunoglobulins in the atopic form of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7267435 TI - [Adverse effects of Decaris]. PMID- 7267436 TI - [Difficulties of differential diagnosis of pneumoconiosis and allergic alveolitis in the light of observation of a case of pigeon breeder's disease]. PMID- 7267437 TI - [Co-authorship]. PMID- 7267438 TI - [Evolution of clinical manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases]. PMID- 7267439 TI - [Morphological changes in the small intestine mucosa of dogs after exchange transposition of the jejunum and ileum]. PMID- 7267440 TI - [Treatment of ankle sprains]. PMID- 7267441 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of vesicovaginal fistula]. PMID- 7267442 TI - [Diagnostic value of endoscopy in sliding hiatal hernia]. PMID- 7267443 TI - [Remote results of treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer hemorrhage]. PMID- 7267444 TI - [Unilateral thyroid aplasia]. PMID- 7267445 TI - [Tracheostomy in the treatment of patients with quadriplegia]. PMID- 7267446 TI - [Differences in the course of exercise-induced bronchial spasm in pollen asthma and bronchial asthma with aspirin hypersensitivity]. PMID- 7267447 TI - [Treatment of shoulder dislocations]. PMID- 7267449 TI - [External heart rupture]. PMID- 7267448 TI - [Effect of lithium carbonate on nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by neutrophils in idiopathic neutropenia]. PMID- 7267450 TI - [Changes in ST segment and T wave of the electrocardiogram in the sinus rhythm evolving in patients with implanted pacemakers]. PMID- 7267452 TI - [Urinary calculi in children--clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7267451 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of the usefulness of determination of apolipoprotein B. cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride concentrations in the early diagnosis of type IV hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 7267453 TI - [Aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) activity in acute myocardial infarct and long term prognosis]. PMID- 7267454 TI - [Effect of dipyridamole on various rheological properties of the blood in arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7267455 TI - [A few remarks on the methodology of clinical controlled studies]. PMID- 7267456 TI - Motor interaction between cimetidine and cholecystokinin-related peptides in the gall bladder. AB - In vitro cimetidine (10(-5) g/ml), an antagonist of H2-histamine receptors, caused an augmentation of the contractile effects of histamine (10(-8) - 10(-6) g/m) and caerulein (10(-10) - 10(-8) g/ml) on isolated guinea-pig gall bladder. Also in vivo pretreatment of anesthetized dogs with cimetidine (3 mg/kg) induced an increase of the motor response of the gall bladder to Boots pancreozymin (0.5 5.0 CHR U/kg). These results confirm the existence of relaxing effect of H2 -- receptors in musculature of the gall bladder which can modify the contractile action of cholecystokinin-related peptides. PMID- 7267458 TI - Central effects of prostaglandin D2. AB - In male Wistar rats PGD2 was injected introcerebroventricularly in a dose of 1, 10 or 50 microgram. PGD2 did not produce change in rat behavior and did not change the body temperature, blood pressure and respiration. PGD2 potentiated slightly the catalepsy elicited by chloropromazine or haloperidol, and in high dose had weak cataleptogenic effect. PGD2 changed the level of GABA i some brain areas. In general, however, the central effects of PGD2 are almost negligible. PMID- 7267457 TI - Activity of lysosomal enzymes in the heart muscle of healthy and hydrazinophtalazine-treated rats after isoprenaline injury. AB - Heart damage was produced by isoprenaline injection in healthy and hydrazinophtalazine-treated rats. The activity of beta-glucuronidase, beta acetyloglucosaminase and acid phosphatase was determined in the heart muscle, liver and blood serum. The activity of the studied enzymes increased in the seventh day of experiment and after two weeks after injection was normalized. The increase in the enzyme activity in hydrazinophtalazine-treated animals was significantly lower than in healthy animals. PMID- 7267459 TI - An analysis of the carbachol-induced emotional-defensive response in cats: dependence of the response on different solvents of carbachol. AB - The effect of intrahypothalamic injections of carbachol (25.1 nmole into each hemisphere) dissolved in three different solvents (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, physiological saline and bidistilled water) was investigated. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the qualitative and/or quantitative character of the carbachol-induced emotional-defensive behavior depended on the sort of the solvent used. The analysis was performed on the basis of behavioral and electroencephalographic changes. Apart from routine EEG recordings, integrated measurements of the amplitude of alpha, beta, delta, and theta waves recorded rom the posterior hypothalamus, the midbrain central gray matter and from the dorsal hippocampus were performed as well as quantitative measurements of the characteristic growling. Intrahypothalamic injections of carbachol, independently of the solvent used, evoked similar vegetative, behavioral and electroencephalographic changes (in the routine recordings). The number of growls and the total duration of growling did not differ significantly either. Some statistically significant changes were found in the integrated amplitudes of EEG waves. They concerned, however, only alpha and theta rhythms and appeared in the midbrain central gray matter. Moreover, they did not affect the time course and the quantitative and qualitative features of the evoked emotional-defensive response. All used solvents are equivalent and may be applied interchangeably in experiments of this type. PMID- 7267460 TI - Synthesis and properties of 7-hydroxyalkyl- and 7-hydroxyalkylamino-8 benzylaminotheophylline derivatives. AB - In a search for new compounds with cardiovascular activity several derivatives of 8-benzylaminotheophylline with hydroxyalkyl and hydroxyalkylamino substituents at 7-position have been obtained. Some of these compounds were screened for their hypotensive activity. PMID- 7267461 TI - Synthesis of 3-methyl-5-methoxy-6-hydroxy-7-acetyl-coumaronic and 3,7-dimethyl-5 methoxy-9-H-furo [2,3-f] [1] benzopyran-9-on-2-carboxylic acids and their derivatives. AB - New 3-methyl-5-methoxy-6-hydroxy-7-acetylcoumaronic acid and several its esters with aminoalcohols have been obtained. By the condensation of this compound with ethyl acetate and sodium 3,7-dimethyl-5-methoxy-9-H-furo [2, 3-f] [1] benzopyran- on-2-carboxylic acid was obtained. Aminoesters of this acid show a weak hypotensive activity. PMID- 7267462 TI - In vitro screening studies of the toxicological testing of synthetic biomaterials. Introduction and comparative evaluation of a new method of testing applying breeding bull semen. PMID- 7267463 TI - [Polypropylene-polyester prostheses. Experimental studies]. AB - Polypropylene-polyester prostheses invented by the Research and Development Center of the Textile Industry in lodz are composed of two knitted polyester layers with perpendicular columns arrangement laminated by polypropylene. The prostheses were implanted in 10 pigs into the sternum and shoulder blade, the abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity. The autopsies of the animals were made 90 to 180 days after the operation. Both in bone and soft tissues, the prostheses healed up without local or general complications. The results obtained in surgical post-operative, macroscopic and microscopic examinations prove that the polypropylene-polyester prostheses fulfill the basic conditions for biomaterials. The different moulders of these materials may be used as temporary or permanent implants. PMID- 7267464 TI - [The use of polypropylene-polyester prostheses in cranioplasty]. AB - The polypropylene-polyester prostheses were investigated in respect of their usefulness in cranioplasty. Experiments were performed upon 2 to 10 years old mongrels. It was stated that polypropylene-polyester prostheses did not produce any general reactions. X-ray examinations did not show any evidences of pathological changes in cranial bones adjoining the prosthesis. Histological investigations revealed slight inflammation and moderate foreign body reaction caused by the operation. The prosthesis had good mechanical resistance and it was well fixed in the place of implantation. Mechanical resistance and good tolerance may be the basis for the use of the prostheses in clinical cases. PMID- 7267466 TI - [Thromboresistant properties of polyelectrolyte complexes based on weak polyelectrolytes]. AB - Thrombogenic resistant polyelectrolyte compositions were obtained on the basis of weak polyelectrolytes used in different quantity proportions. The investigations were performed in vitro on rabbit blood and in vivo on 21 dogs and 5 calves in the conditions of acute and chronic experiments. The optimal compositions of polymers were selected for the implantation. The appropriate polyelectrolyte compositions on the basis of weak polyelectrolytes, and polymers modified by polyacryl acid with polyethylene piperazine (1:1, 2:1, 3:1), were found to be thrombogenic resistant and did not cause any significant blood cells damage. The investigations performed the possibility for their practical application. PMID- 7267465 TI - [Evaluation of n=butyl 2-cyanoacrylate for the reconstruction of the arteries in dogs. I. Clinical evaluation]. AB - The results of the experiments with 2-cyanoacrylate n-butyl adhesive used in arterial reconstruction at dog's were presented. The operations were performed on 56 carotid or femoral arteries of 14 dogs. Longitudinal 5-6 mm long arterial incisions and transversal incisions of the half of the circumference were treated with tissue adhesive only. Transsected arteries were anastomosed both with sutures and tissue adhesive applying the invagination method or end-to-end anastomosis. For 32 arteries with partial injury normal patency was stated, both in early and subsequent period after the operation in 32 cases. Partial occlusion was observed in 5 cases only. When the investigation method was applied to arterial anastomosis, the occlusion appeared in all 14 cases. For 10 arteries anastomosed by the end-to-end method, partial or complete occlusion appeared in 3 cases. The investigations prove that in slight arterial injuries the application of sutures and tissue adhesive, and in some cases exclusively adhesives, ensures the sufficient tightness and patency, and simplifies the surgical technique. PMID- 7267467 TI - Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Are there any indications? AB - Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy have become quite controversial within the past two decades. Physicians disagree about the need for and benefits derived from these procedures, and well-designed studies to resolve the matter have been lacking. The authors describe conditions for which they believe each surgery is indicated. PMID- 7267468 TI - Nipple discharge. PMID- 7267469 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis. Guidelines for office management. AB - Since this chronic inflammatory disease is characterized by a combination of destruction and healing, a two-pronged approach to management that incorporates antiinflammatory drug therapy and physiotherapy is advised. More toxic drugs or even surgery may be tried in stepwise fashion if initial measures fail to relieve symptoms. PMID- 7267470 TI - Scleroderma. Current understanding of pathogenesis and management. AB - Scleroderma is no longer the diagnostic or therapeutic dilemma it previously was. New diagnostic techniques facilitate earlier diagnosis, and many symptoms are amenable to treatment. PMID- 7267471 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy. A useful technique for urinary drainage. AB - When urinary drainage is necessary but urethral catheterization is not satisfactory or not feasible, percutaneous nephrostomy can be considered. The nonsurgical technique, which was high success and low complication rates, often allows postponement of surgical intervention or may make such treatment unnecessary. PMID- 7267472 TI - Interpretation of blood chemistries, part 1. AB - Multichannel biochemical analyzers, which simultaneously measure numerous chemical constituents of blood and provide a printout of results in a matter of minutes, have become useful diagnostic tools in modern medical practice. This two part article shows by actual examples how to make the most of such data in diagnosing disease and monitoring its course. Part 2 will be published next month. PMID- 7267473 TI - Hepatitis--enough already! PMID- 7267474 TI - Recent advances in nuclear cardiology. 2. Dynamic myocardial scintigraphy. AB - Nuclear cardiology, a developing subspeciality of cardiology and nuclear medicine, has experienced rapid growth during the past five years. Important advances in "hot-spot" and "cold-spot" myocardial scintigraphy for measurement of myocardial perfusion and detection of myocardial infarction are discussed in part 1 of this article, beginning on page 55. Part 2 concludes the discussion with an update on dynamic myocardial imaging. PMID- 7267475 TI - The effect of prenylamine on the QT interval of the resting electrocardiogram in patients with angina pectoris. AB - Resting ECGs were recorded in 29 patients with angina pectoris before, during and after treatment with prenylamine 180 mg daily. The QT interval became significantly prolonged after one week of treatment. The prolongation persisted as long as therapy was continued, which was up to 6 months. After withdrawal of treatment the QT interval returned to normal within 2 weeks. In this study no serious problems were encountered by those patients in whom the QT interval was prolonged. PMID- 7267476 TI - Problems in home monitoring of blood glucose. AB - Two hundred and forty blood glucose readings were made on 5 Glucochek machines by 2 different operators. The results on all machines correlated poorly with equivalent results from an automatic glucose analyser with major discrepancies at all glucose concentrations. There was a wide gap in performance between the 2 operators. Analysis of variance suggested that errors were not only due to inter operator and inter-machine differences. Possible sources of error were shown to include time of reaction and the amount of blood on Dextrostix. Dextrostix colour changes measured by eye were as accurate as those by Glucochek without the rogue values found at higher glucose concentrations with Glucochek. PMID- 7267477 TI - Formic acid poisoning. AB - Forty-five cases of formic acid poisoning are reviewed. The metabolic and pathological consequences of such overdoses are considered. The consequences are discussed in relation to the amount of the acid ingested. The problems likely to be encountered in the management of such patients are highlighted. PMID- 7267478 TI - Experience with cellulose acetate-coated activated charcoal haemoperfusion in the treatment of severe hypnotic drug intoxication. AB - A haemoperfusion column containing activated charcoal coated with cellulose acetate was used to treat 7 patients with barbiturate or ethchlorvynol poisoning. Six of the patients showed marked lightening of coma and all showed a significant fall in plasma drug concentration. Plasma drug clearance and platelet loss were similar to those reported for other coated charcoal columns. Cellulose acetate coated charcoal haemoperfusion may reduce the period of coma in severe poisoning with barbiturates and other hypnotic drugs and thus the morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7267479 TI - Liver disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Liver function tests were assessed in 60 unselected out-patient diabetics stabilized on insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents. Routine liver function tests, particularly plasma concentrations of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase were elevated occasionally but rarely to more than twice the upper limit of normal. There was no correlation between measures of diabetic control and results of liver function tests. Twelve (20%) patients had evidence of gall stones, a prevalence above the expected from the community. Fourteen (23%) patients had an abnormally bright liver ultrasound echo pattern, probably indicative of fatty infiltration of the liver. This echo pattern was associated with only a minimal rise in plasma alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. It is concluded that functionally significant liver disease is uncommon amongst stabilized diabetic patients. PMID- 7267480 TI - Peyronie's disease in a district general hospital. AB - Peyronie's disease can cause severe physical and psychological distress. Of 31 cases in this retrospective study, 12 underwent spontaneous improvement in their symptoms which makes the assessment of active treatment in other patients difficult. The indications and limitations of operative approach are discussed. PMID- 7267484 TI - Successful pregnancy soon after oral contraceptive-associated malignant hypertension. PMID- 7267481 TI - Lithium toxicity induced by triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide. AB - Two patients on long-term lithium therapy for manic-depressive psychosis developed serious toxicity within days of being prescribed a combination of triamterene (50 mg) and hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg) for mild symptomless hypertension. Reduced clearance of lithium has been reported to follow its concurrent administration with diuretics that deplete both sodium and potassium. A combination of triamterene with thiazide has not been shown previously to precipitate lithium toxicity. PMID- 7267483 TI - Cervical pregnancy managed by local excision. AB - A patient with cervical pregnancy is described who presented with a history of 7 weeks' amenorrhoea and painless vaginal bleeding. Examination revealed an intracervical mass, the internal os was closed and the external os was dilated. The cervical pregnancy is rare and is discussed. PMID- 7267482 TI - Rise in serum calcium and magnesium concentrations after vitamin D administration in hypocalcaemic hypomagnesaemic magnesium deficiency. AB - A patient with hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia secondary to small bowel resection and malabsorption was treated with synthetic vitamin D analogue, 1 alpha hydroxy vitamin D3. A prompt rise in serum calcium concentration and some days later a smaller and transient rise in serum magnesium concentration was observed. These changes in extracellular fluid composition presumably resulted from enhanced calcium and magnesium absorption associated with vitamin D activity. PMID- 7267485 TI - Chronic Salmonella eimsbuettel septicaemia presenting with intermittent sweats and haematuria. AB - An unusual presentation is reported of salmonellosis, frank haematuria and chronic septicaemia arising during an outbreak of food poisoning caused by Salmonella eimsbuettel. The patient whose gut was colonized gave a history of chronic pyrexia and weight loss and suffered an intermittent urinary infection but had no gastroenteritis. PMID- 7267487 TI - Intestinal amoebiasis for 36 years. AB - A case is reported of amoebic dysentery in a former soldier who had symptoms of Entamoeba histolytica infection for 36 years. It emphasizes the need for careful search for parasites in the stools of any patient with bowel symptoms because the consequences of wrong diagnosis are potentially catastrophic. PMID- 7267488 TI - Pancreatic insufficiency following abdominal irradiation. AB - A case is reported of pancreatic insufficiency following abdominal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease in a man aged 47 years. The effects of radiation on the pancreas are discussed. It is suggested that post irradiation steatorrhoea may have a pancreatic as well as an enteric cause. PMID- 7267490 TI - A comparative study of automated blood pressure recorders. AB - Four automated blood pressure machines (Arteriosonde 1225, Bosomat 11D, Elag Koln BE 237R and Omron HEM 3) have been compared with each other and with the Hawksley Random Zero Sphygmomanometer in 18 subjects with a wide range of BP. Each form of measurement provided a high degree of internal consistency. The Arteriosonde 1225 consistently recorded systolic and diastolic pressures which were below the values obtained with the Random Zero instrument (P=0.001). The other 3 automated machines recorded BPs which did not differ significantly from the Random Zero or from each other. Heart rate readings did not differ significantly for any of the machines compared to manual recording. The disparity attributable to the Arterisonde could result from its being the only form of measurement to use an ultrasonic rather than a microphonic recording technique. However, the cheaper and more portable automated machines produce results which closely reflect those obtained by using a mercury sphygmomanometer. PMID- 7267489 TI - Ectopic adrenal tissue in adults. PMID- 7267486 TI - A fatal case of Epstein-Barr virus infection with jaundice and renal failure. AB - A fatal case of Epstein-Barr virus infection in a 17-year-old male is described. The patient presented with an illness clinically typical of infectious mononucleosis but death followed development of renal failure, jaundice and pulmonary failure. There was no absolute lymphocytosis nor a significant number of atypical mononuclear cells in his peripheral blood. However, heterophile antibody and Epstein-Barr virus-specific IgM were present. PMID- 7267491 TI - Epidermal cysts - a clinicopathological and biochemical study. AB - The findings of a clinicopathological and biochemical study of epidermal cysts and a review of the relevant literature are presented. A punctum was found in 40% of 34 epidermal cysts that were studied in detail. The findings of the histological study were in favour of the punctum being the orifice of an obstructed hair follicle from which at least a proportion of the epidermal cysts are likely to develop. The biochemical analysis of the contents of the cysts revealed a very low protein and lipid content, thus ruling out any "sebaceous' contribution. Bacteriological study of clinically inflamed cysts showed that inflammation in these lesions was usually aseptic unless there was a communication between the cyst cavity and the exterior. PMID- 7267492 TI - Arrhythmias in patients with hypereosinophilia: a comparison of patients with and without Loffler's endomyocardial disease. AB - About one third of patients with Loffler's endomyocardial disease have abnormal electrocardiograms and some develop arrhythmias and die suddenly. To assess the significance of these findings, continuous ambulatory ECG monitoring was performed for 48 hr on 6 patients with acute or chronic forms of Loffler's endomyocardial disease, and the types and frequencies of arrhythmias were compared with recordings from 6 other patients with equally high blood eosinophil counts who did not have clinically evident cardiac disease. It was hoped that this would show whether arrhythmias were related to high blood eosinophil counts, cardiac injury or other factors. Three of the patients with endomyocardial disease had multiple ventricular extrasystoles with episodes of ventricular arrhythmias and occasional supraventricular arrhythmias which had not been detected with conventional ECGs. These abnormalities did not occur in 2 of the patients with acute endomyocardial lesions who died, nor were they found in patients who did not have congestive cardiac failure or in the control patients. Rhythm disturbances appeared to be most closely related to the development of cardiac failure and they resolved after successful cardiac surgery. Multiple ventricular extrasystoles and arrhythmias occurring in these patients with Loffler's endomyocardial disease are probably due to metabolic changes in the heart associated with cardiac failure and mechanical changes related to valvular dysfunction rather than a direct effect of the eosinophils themselves on the heart. PMID- 7267493 TI - Zinc metabolism in thyroid disease. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the zinc metabolism in adults of both sexes with thyroid disease. Plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentration and urinary zinc excretion were investigated. The mean concentration of plasma zinc in hypothyroid patients and in euthyroid patients, previously either hyperthyroid or hypothyroid, was lower than that of control subjects, whereas no statistically significant differences were observed in plasma zinc values between hyperthyroid patients and control subjects. The average erythrocyte zinc level in patients with thyroid disease was significantly lower than that in control subjects. Erythrocyte zinc concentration was significantly decreased in hyperthyroidism compared with hypothyroidism, or patients previously either hyperthyroid or hypothyroid but now euthyroid. Increased urinary zinc excretion in hyperthyroidism was noticed compared to euthyroid and hypothyroid patients and to control subjects. Increased urinary zinc concentrations may result from increased tissue catabolism such as muscle. The results of this study suggest that abnormal zinc metabolism occurs commonly in patients with thyroid disease. PMID- 7267494 TI - Consumption of refined carbohydrate by patients with Crohn's disease in Tel-Aviv Yafo. AB - In 27 patients with Crohn's disease living in Israel the current intake of refined carbohydrate (total sugars) and added sugar is significantly greater than in healthy controls. The dietary survey was retrospective and showed that patients with Crohn's disease ate 269 g of monosaccharides and disaccharides each day compared with 192 g by matched controls. Similar differences were also found at the onset of the symptoms, 314 g compared with 207 g. These findings were independent of the country of origin or cultural grouping. Several factors are discussed which suggest a secondary rather than causal relationship between sugar consumption and Crohn's disease. PMID- 7267496 TI - Trichogranulomatous mastopathy: an unusual cause of bleeding from the nipple. AB - A case of bleeding from the nipple is presented which was due to fragments of hair within breast ducts. It is suggested that these were accidentally introduced through the nipple. PMID- 7267495 TI - The treatment of haemorrhoids by rubber band ligation at St Mark's hospital. AB - Two hundred and ninety-five patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids were treated by rubber band ligation as out-patients at St Mark's Hospital, London, between April 1972 and December 1975. Follow-up was possible in 260 patients of whom two thirds were satisfied with the outcome: 69 patients had residual symptoms for which no treatment had been sought. Nineteen patients eventually required a haemorrhoidectomy. PMID- 7267497 TI - Melanosis coli in a child of four years. AB - A case of melanosis coli in a girl of 4 years is described. The condition is usually considered a disease of the aging bowel. In this case there was a history of constipation, and anthracene abuse. PMID- 7267498 TI - A unique cause of small bowel obstruction. AB - A unique case of small bowel obstruction in an 83-year-old man is reported. The obstruction was produced by a carcinoma of the caecum. The caecum was lying in the scrotal sac of a large indirect inguinal hernia. PMID- 7267499 TI - Surgical presentation of small bowel lymphoma in adult coeliac disease. AB - A case of perforation of a small bowel lymphoma in a patient with coeliac disease is reported. Postoperative management was complicated by a large protein and fluid loss from the small bowel, rapidly controlled by treatment with corticosteroids. Attention is drawn, by briefly reviewing 11 other cases, to the ways in which small bowel lymphoma in patients with coeliac disease may present to the surgeon. Most patients who develop this complication of coeliac disease will die within 6 months of the diagnosis of small bowel lymphoma. Attention is drawn in this case to the rapidity with which the tumour grew and became disseminated. PMID- 7267500 TI - Finger clubbing and aspartylglucosamine excretion in a laxative-abusing patient. AB - A young woman with a previous history of anorexia nervosa presented with severe finger clubbing. Urine samples intermittently contained significant amounts of aspartylglucosamine. Liver biopsy showed abnormal cytoplasmic inclusions in phagocytic cells. The patient was found to be abusing senna laxative. PMID- 7267501 TI - Complications of baclofen overdosage. AB - A 39-year-old female patient who had been receiving 30 mg of baclofen daily for 5 months was admitted to the hospital about 12 hr after overdose of this drug (450 mg). On admission, she was comatose, flaccid, and in respiratory failure. Later she developed muscle twitchings and had several epileptic fits. She was treated symptomatically and became conscious within 36 hr. However, approximately 65 hr after the overdose she developed sinus tachycardia which was successfully treated with oral propranolol. Plasma concentrations, as measured on days 2 and 3, were within the therapeutic range but the elimination half-life was prolonged. PMID- 7267502 TI - Dual primary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum and jejunum in a patient with previous colonic cancers. AB - Primary adenocarcinoma of the small intestine is an uncommon tumour, the incidence being 40-60 times less frequent than carcinoma of the colon. Multiple primary neoplasia of the small bowel, although not infrequently seen with benign growths, is an extremely rare event with malignant lesions. A patient is described who had an adenocarcinoma of the duodenum and jejunum, with a previous history of colonic carcinomas. The case is discussed together with a brief review of the literature. PMID- 7267503 TI - Black urine. AB - A patient is described in whom spontaneous blackening of the urine, due to melanin formation, resulted from treatment with alpha-methyldopa. The colour change became apparent only after the correction of a severe postoperative hyponatraemic alkalosis, the urinary pH had become alkaline, as melanin formation in acid urine is very slow. PMID- 7267504 TI - Sipple syndrome: marked variability of the disease within a family and implications for management. AB - Familial medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is often associated with phaeochromocytoma; this condition is known as Sipple syndrome. The rate of progression of the disease and the degree of malignancy of the medullary carcinoma may vary from family to family. Thus the nature and behaviour of this disease in any particular family influences the management of the thyroid carcinoma component. The authors measured plasma calcitonin and plasma catecholamines in 21 members of a family with Sipple syndrome. In one branch of this family 5 out of 7 members have so far been affected, 4 with metastases or recurrence of the carcinoma and 2 with development of phaeochromocytomas. In contrast, of the 14 members in the other 4 family branches, only 4 have had pathologically elevated plasma calcitonin concentrations following alcohol provocation, probably representing C-cell hyperplasia or very early neoplasia and apparently not progressing. None has evidence of phaeochromocytoma. This family demonstrates a striking variability in the natural history of Sipple syndrome which, despite increasing discovery of more families with medullary thyroid carcinoma, has not been previously reported. In the light of this finding, a reappraisal of the management of the thyroidal component of this disease is necessary. It appears that radical neck surgery may be needed to prevent recurrence of the disease. PMID- 7267505 TI - Neurological complications of Legionnaires' disease. AB - A case is reported of Legionnaires' pneumonia in a 49-year-old woman, associated with severe and permanent disability resulting from damage to the brain stem believed to be the result of an encephalitic process. PMID- 7267506 TI - Hyperlipidaemia diagnosed at lumbar puncture. AB - A patient presenting with subarachnoid haemorrhage and high lipid concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (taken at lumbar puncture), who has later shown to have type V hyperlipidaemia is described. This case, so far as can be ascertained by the authors, is the first report of hyperlipidaemia being diagnosed from CSF examination. PMID- 7267507 TI - Electrocardiographic changes following a cardiac stab wound. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A patient is described who sustained a cardiac stab wound which was associated with ECG evidence of a full thickness myocardial infarction. Subsequent investigation showed a localized area of dyskinesia on left ventricular angiography, but normal thallium myocardial perfusion and normal anatomy on coronary angiography. The patient was managed conservatively and made a complete and uneventful recovery. It is concluded that extensive ECG changes following a cardiac stab wound need not be associated with major coronary artery damage. PMID- 7267508 TI - Hyperinfection syndrome with Strongyloides stercoralis. AB - A case is reported of hyperinfection syndrome with Strongyloides stercoralis, with symptoms, signs and radiological appearances which led to a diagnosis of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7267509 TI - Benign chondrolipomatous tumour of the breast. AB - Cartilage associated with malignant neoplasms of breast has been known and documented for over 200 years. Benign breast tumours containing cartilage are rare. A case of such a tumour was encountered. Histologically it comprised multiple foci of mature benign cartilage in benign fibrous and adipose stroma. Other cases of similar tumours in the literature are reviewed. PMID- 7267510 TI - Caverno-saphenous shunt in the treatment of priapism. AB - The painful pathological condition of the penis, priapism, is usually associated with serious destructive changes which lead to impotence if treatment is with held or delayed. Conservative therapy is slow, uncertain and usually ineffective. Early surgical decompression of the corpora cavernosa, repeated if necessary, is essential if impotence is to be averted. Two unusual cases of this condition recently seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, in which treatment had been delayed for periods previously thought to be too long for recovery are herein presented and the management described. It is advised that failure of the initial surgical operation calls for early re-operation to establish a new shunt. PMID- 7267511 TI - The place of peripheral neurectomy in the management of trigeminal neuralgia. AB - One hundred and forty-six patients with trigeminal neuralgia were studied. Of 49 patients ultimately maintained pain-free by non-medical means, 26 underwent peripheral neurectomy. Twenty of these achieved excellent pain control in the longer term and 5 of the remaining 6 became more responsive to carbamazepine after operation. Seven patients required repeat neurectomies. Peripheral neurectomy is a useful and simple method of pain control in trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 7267512 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism and thiazide diuretics. AB - Six patients receiving thiazide diuretics were referred for evaluation of mild to moderate hypercalcaemia (serum calcium 2.65-2.98 mmol/l). All patients were considered to be suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism. Withdrawal of the diuretic was followed by a reduction in the serum calcium, one patient becoming normocalcaemia. The mechanisms responsible for these changes are discussed. In hypercalcaemic patients taking thiazides, it is recommended that the effects of withholding the diuretic should be observed before more radical measures are considered. PMID- 7267513 TI - Studies on apparent free cortisol and testosterone in plasma from patients with breast tumours. AB - The concentrations of cortisol and testosterone (total and apparent free) in peripheral venous plasma were measured in 147 women. The results showed that there were no significant differences in concentrations between women with normal breasts, those with histologically confirmed benign or malignant breast tumours and those with cancer at other sites. There was, however, a significant increase with age in the concentrations of total (P less than 0.005) and apparent free (P less than 0.02) cortisol. PMID- 7267515 TI - Pathology of the avian respiratory system. PMID- 7267516 TI - Respiration in relation to poultry house ventilation. PMID- 7267514 TI - Malakoplakia of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - The clinical and pathological features of 3 cases of colonic malakoplakia are documented thereby bringing to 34 the total of recorded cases of malakoplakia involving the gastrointestinal tract. This is therefore the most common site of involvement outside the urogenital tract. A comprehensive review of the world literature on gastrointestinal malakoplakia has been made and the characteristic features of the condition have been delineated. There was a bimodal age incidence with a small cluster of cases occurring in childhood and associated with significant additional systemic disease. In the adult cases the average age was 57 years with a slight excess of males. The most commonly involved part of the gastrointestinal tract was the colon and colonic carcinoma was the most common associated disease. PMID- 7267517 TI - Strain variation in hematological response of broilers to dietary aflatoxin. AB - The response of clinical blood values to graded levels of dietary aflatoxin was studied in three populations of chickens. Male chicks of two commercial broiler strains, one color-sexed and the other feather-sexed, and a randombred strain were fed dietary aflatoxin at levels of 0, 1.25, 2.50 or 5.0 microgram/g of diet from 1 to 21 days of age. At the conclusion of the 21-day treatment period, all remaining birds were bled by cardiac puncture and packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte counts (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total plasma protein, and total plasma cholesterol were determined. All strains of broilers were susceptible to aflatoxicosis as detected by total plasma protein and cholesterol. Anemia associated with aflatoxicosis was induced in the two commercial broiler lines, but not in the randombred line. The PCV, RBC, and Hb were diminished from control values in a dose-related fashion by graded levels of aflatoxin in the commercial broilers, but not in the randombred line. Decreases in MCV with no significant changes in MCHC were observed in all strains. PMID- 7267518 TI - Feed efficiency and gain responses to protein levels in two lines of birds selected for oxygen consumption. AB - Two experiments were conducted to investigate the response of two populations of chickens, divergently selected for high and low oxygen consumption, to varying protein levels. Protein levels used for Experiments 1 and 2 were 16, 18, 20, and 22% and 20, 22, 24, and 26%, respectively. The birds were weighed initially and weekly to 4 weeks of age. Feed consumption was ad libitum with amounts consumed recorded weekly. Gross feed efficiency was computed per pen as the difference between initial and weight at 4 weeks divided by feed consumed adjusted for spillage. The results from these experiments indicate that at low protein levels both lines were equally efficient, but, as the level of protein was increased, the low line was increasingly more efficient while the high line became less efficient. Gain for the low O2 birds was greater than the high O2 birds in all cases with both lines increasing in gains equally with increased protein levels. PMID- 7267519 TI - Formalin destruction of salmonellae in poultry litter. AB - Litter was sprayed with 2%, 4%, and 6% formalin solutions both with and without litter turnover after contamination either on the surface or by mixing well with feces containing salmonellae. Results showed that 4% and 6% formalin applied to the litter by a turnover, spray, turnover, spray, turnover, spray procedure completely destroyed the salmonellae. A 6% solution of formalin applied by a turnover, spray, turnover, spray procedure also completely destroyed the organisms. Direct surface spraying with either 4% or 6% formalin completely destroyed salmonellae deposited in feces on the litter surface; however, the organisms were not eliminated if the formalin was only surface sprayed after the organisms had been mixed into the litter before spraying in the experiments with turnover and spray the organisms were not killed if there was a 2 day break between formalin applications. PMID- 7267520 TI - The effect of bile acids and lipase on absorption of tallow in young chicks. AB - White leghorn chicks were fed diets with 4% tallow supplemented with one of the following bile acids at .04%: cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, or sodium taurocholate. Cholic acid improved the absorption of tallow but not significantly; chenodeoxycholic acid significantly improved tallow absorption during days 0 to 7 but decreased it during days 14 to 21. The bile acids, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and sodium taurocholate had no significant effect on absorption of tallow. In a 2 x 3 factorial design involving cholic acid and lipase, .04% cholic acid and/or .10% lipase significantly improved the absorption of tallow by 8 and 4% in chicks 1 and 3 weeks of age, respectively. Dry matter digestibility and efficiency appeared to be improved with the improvement of lipid absorption. PMID- 7267521 TI - Growth depression of chicks fed a crude rye extract containing pectic substances. AB - A crude extract with a high proportion of pectic substances was prepared from rye. This was fed to chicks in two studies to determine if rye pectic substances are responsible for the growth depression of chicks fed rye. The growth of chicks was significantly (P greater than .01) depressed when fed a diet containing this extract. Addition of penicillin to the diet improved the growth of chicks. Increasing the concentration of the extract in the diet produced an incremental depression in weight gain. The intestines of chicks fed this extract contained large quantities of gas that were reduced by penicillin supplementation. These results suggest that rye pectic substances may be responsible for the growth depression of chicks fed rye. PMID- 7267522 TI - Optimal rates for cooling chicken semen from +5 to -196 C. AB - Optimal rates for cooling chicken semen from +5 to -196 C were determined. Semen was diluted 1:5 with Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender and held at 5 C for 2 hr before adding dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 4% v/v. The semen-DMSO mixture was allowed to equilibrate for 2 hr at 5 C before it was placed in a plastic freeze straw of .5 cc capacity. A two step controlled-rate procedure was used to test the various cooling rates (1 to 50 C/min) through certain temperature ranges (+5 to -20 C and -20 to -180 C) and to determine the optimal semen temperature for making the transition of cooling in alcohol (Step 1) to cooling in liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapor (Step 2). Fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa was maximal when semen samples were cooled from +5 C to -20 C at a rate of 1 C/min (Step 1), then transferred to LN2 vapor (Step 2) and cooled to -80 C at 30 C/min before the samples were plunged in liquid nitrogen. After storage in LN2 for 24 hr and subsequent thawing at +2 C, the fertilizing capacity of the sperm was 47%. PMID- 7267524 TI - Effect of estradiol on calcium and calcium binding in serum of thick and then shell lines of chickens. AB - Estradiol (10 mg/bird) was injected intramuscularly into hens of a thick-shell line and a thin-shell line as well as into roosters of both lines on day 0. Serum levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and Ca binding involving the proteins vitellogenin (a phosphoprotein) and albumin were measured on day 0 and day 6 or 7. Serum levels of all measured Ca and P parameters and vitellogenin binding of both sexes were significantly greater, while levels of albumin binding were significantly less on day 6 or 7 than on day 0. Serum levels of non-diffusible Ca in hens and vitellogenin binding in both sexes were significantly greater in the thick-shell than in the thin-shell line. There were no significant differences between lines for total serum P of either sex. A study of the hens only revealed that the change in nondiffusible Ca and vitellogenin binding from day 0 to day 6 or 7 was significantly different between lines. The correlations between vitellogenin binding and total P, expressed as either change or percent change, were greater than .8. PMID- 7267525 TI - Chicken oxygen dissociation curve by dynamic tonometry. AB - Oxygen dissociation curves were determined for blood from mature (5 male, 5 female) Single Comb White Leghorn chickens. Blood was oxygenated by bubbling with humidified 95% O2, 5% CO2, 0% N2 at 100 ml/min for 30 min, then gradually deoxygenated with 0% O2, 5% CO2, 95% N2 at 4 ml/min. During deoxygenation .5 ml samples were drawn at 7 in intervals. The PO2, PCO2, and pH were measured polarographically and the content of O2 was measured by gas chromatography. The PO2 was corrected to T = 42 C, pH = 7.5, and PCO2 = 40 Torr. The curves were determined by plotting: 1) PO2 vs. % Saicont based on O2 content of each serial sample as compared to the fully oxygenated blood O2 content, and 2) PO2 vs. duration of dynamic tonometry plots. The curves determined by the two methods of data analysis corresponded closely, the P50 values (x +/- SD) being 36.2 +/- 2.5, 34.3 +/- 3.1 Torr, respectively. PMID- 7267523 TI - Pineal gland lipid characterization in the seven-week-old cockerel (Gallus domesticus). AB - The composition of pineal gland lipid was characterized in young cockerels. The total pineal lipid was 159.7 microgram, which was equivalent to 3.0 and 14.1% of fresh and dry tissue weight, respectively. The major phospholipids were phosphatidyl choline (63.1%), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (16.1%), and sphingomyelin (14.7%). Palmitic, stearic, oleic, and arachidonic acids composed 27.9%, 19.4%, 15.8%, and 13.7% of the phospholipid fatty acid fraction, respectively. Free fatty acids (38.4%), cholesterol (17.6%), and cholesterol ester (17.2%) comprised the major fraction of neutral lipids, while the predominant neutral lipid fatty acids were palmitic (26.0%) and oleic (23.8%). The percentage of wet tissue weight that is lipid in the pineal is considerably less when compared to brain cortex or retina. When chickens are compared to several mammalian species, there is little difference in percent lipid per milligram pineal tissue, but definite differences exist in the percentage of various lipid classes. PMID- 7267526 TI - Chicken and turkey oviductal pH at known times postoviposition. AB - Broiler-type chickens and turkeys were killed 2 to 10 min, 8 to 12 hr, and 18 to 22 hr postoviposition (PO), and pH values were determined in each oviductal segment. In the broiler-type chicken, significant pH differences were observed in the fimbria (from 7.28 at 2 to 19 min PO to 7.41 at 8 to 12 hr PO(, distal infundibulum (from 7.02 at 2 to 80 min PO to 7.21 at 8 to 12 PO), uterovaginal junction *UVJ) (from 6.92 at 18 to 22 hr PO to 7.18 at 8 to 12 hr PO(, and midvagina (from 7.15 at 2 to 19 min PO to 7.51 at 8 to 12 hr PO(. In the turkey, significant pH differences were observed in the isthmus (from 6.01 at 2 to 19 min PO to 6.81 at 18 to 22 hr PO), uterus (from 6.77 at 2 to 19 min PO to 7.03 at 8 to 12 hr PO(, UVJ (from 6.93 at 2 to 19 min PO to 7.24 at 8 to 12 hr PO) and everted vagina (from 6.95 at 8 to 12 hr and 18 to 22 hr PO to 7.30 at 2 to 10 min PO). It is not known at this time if the small range in pH found between the same oviductal segments at different times PO influence oviductal sperm metabolism, motility, or fertilizing capacity. PMID- 7267527 TI - Effects of environmental temperature on the concentration of serum estradiol, progesterone, and calcium in maturing female domestic fowl. AB - The effects of environmental temperature on serum estradiol, progesterone, and calcium concentration in White Plymouth Rock pullets were investigated from 12 to 24 weeks of age. Pullets were grown from 10 weeks of age in individual cages at constant environmental temperatures of 13 C, 25 C, or 35 C. Serum estradiol land progesterone concentrations were measured by the use of radioimmunoassay. Serum calcium was measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. There were no significant differences in growth rate or concentration of serum estradiol, progesterone, or calcium between pullets kept at 13 C and 25 C. There was a marked increase in serum estradiol and calcium concentration before onset of lay. There were high correlations between serum estradiol and calcium concentration in pullets kept at 13 C (r = .803) and 25 C (r = .813). Progesterone concentration in pullets kept at 13 C and 25 C reached a peak at 20 weeks of age. By contrast, pullets kept at 35 C had significantly lower growth rates and lower concentrations of serum estradiol, progesterone and calcium than those kept at the other two environmental temperatures. The high environmental temperature of 35 C inhibited growth and delayed sexual maturation of pullets. PMID- 7267528 TI - Immunogenetic studies on low-density lipoprotein allotypes in chickens (Lcp1 and Lcp2). AB - Two blood plasma lipoprotein allotypes are described. Specific antiallotypic reagents were obtained from alloimmune precipitating sera produced against normal plasma and subsequently against lipoprotein fraction of d less than 1.072 g/ml. Identification studies by means of centrifugation and specific staining show that Lcp1 and Lcp2 are markers of the low-density lipoprotein class, 1.006 less than d less than 1.063 g/ml. Serological and genetic studies indicate that the two alloantigens behave as products of allelic genes, each occurring with varying frequencies in 20 lines studies. The Lcp1 antigen is always accompanied by Lcp2; however, the latter was also found to occur in plasma of birds lacking the Lcp1 marker. PMID- 7267529 TI - Reduced vaccinal protection of turkey herpesvirus against field strains of Marek's disease herpesvirus. AB - Four isolates of Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDV) were obtained from 21-week-old broiler breeders with lesions and mortality from Marek's disease (MD). They had been properly vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus (HVT). The isolates were designated Ala-7, 8, 9, and 10. These 4 MDV strains were compared with the GA isolate of MDV in chickens vaccinated with graded doses of HVT. Challenge with the MDV strains was also with graded doses. All 5 isolates of MDV were similar in virulence. However, protection afforded against MD lesions by HVT was significantly lower in the Ala-7, 8, and 9 isolates than with the Ala-10 or GA isolates. The Ala-7, 8 and 9 isolates of MDV induced small-cell plaques in chick embryo fibroblasts, the Ala-10 isolate induced both large and small cell per plaque types, and the GA isolate produced predominantly small cell plaques with a few plaques of the large cell type. PMID- 7267530 TI - Coccidial infections and iron absorption. AB - Four-week-old chicks were infected with single oral doses of 1,000,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina, or 40,000 sporulated oocysts of E. necatrix, or 50,000 sporulated oocysts of E. brunetti, or 50,000 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella, or left uninfected. At intervals of 1, 3, 6, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after infection, absorption of 5 muCi Fe-59 was measured in five birds selected at random from each of the five experimental groups. Iron absorption was markedly decreased during the acute phase (day 6) of E. acervulina infections, less marked decreases were observed in E. necatrix infections, while no decreases in iron absorption were seen in the acute phase (day 6) of E. brunetti and E. tenella infections. Thus, the most critical area of the intestine for iron absorption, as shown by the largest decrease in amount of iron absorbed during the acute phase of coccidial infections, was located in the duodenum. During the recovery phase of all infections, periods of increased iron absorption were seen. This effect was marked in E. acervulina and E. tenella infections. PMID- 7267532 TI - True metabolizable energy values of a number of feedingstuffs and complete diets as determined in two laboratories. AB - True metabolizable energy (TME) values were measured on six samples of soybean meal (SBM), two samples of corn, and five laying hen rations mixed at two different times The determinations were carried out in two different laboratories, the University of Guelph (UG) and Canada Packers (CP) Research Centre, with a view of checking interlaboratory agreement. The TME values of four out of the six SBM samples agreed very well between the two laboratories. For the two samples with results that did not agree well, the difference was as much as 8%. The TME values of the two corn samples determined at the UG laboratory were about 6 to 9% higher than those obtained at the CP Centre depending on whether these were fed alone or mixed with a basal diet. In the case of the layer rations mixed at two different times, reasonably good interlaboratory agreement of the TME results occurred for only three of the five rations at each of the two mixings. The results of the remaining two rations varied by about 7 to 9% between laboratories. These results indicate the need to improve the reproducibility of TME values between laboratories before the method can have practical application. A number of factors possibly contributing to the significant interlaboratory differences noted are discussed. PMID- 7267531 TI - Effect of blending and level of inclusion on the metabolizable energy of tallow and tower rapeseed soapstocks. AB - Experiments were conducted with prime tallow (PT) and Tower rapeseed soapstocks (TSS) to determine the possible synergism between these fats by the total collection and chromic oxide (Cr2O3) apparent metabolizable energy (AME) methods as well as the true metabolizable energy (TME) assay and to examine the effect of inclusion level on the metabolizable energy (ME) values of fats. Graded levels of 0, 3, 6, and 9% of each of PT, TSS, and a 1:1 blend of the two were fed to groups of adult roosters, and the ME values of the test fats and the mixture were evaluated from a linear regression of the ME of the diets and the levels of fat inclusion. The total collection and Cr2O3 methods gave essentially the same AME values for PT as well as for TSS when these fats were fed separately. The 1:1 blend of these fats gave a somewhat higher value with the index method than with the total collection procedure. A positive synergistic effect of blending PT with TSS was observed in all three methods. Increases in the observed ME of the mixture over the calculated ME were 3.94, 5.26, and 5.72%, respectively, for the total collection, Cr2O3, and TME assays. When calculated by difference, the ME values of the two fats and the blend varied widely with inclusion level in all three assay procedures. The implications of use of a single level assay to determine the ME content of fats are discussed. PMID- 7267533 TI - Impaired vitamin E status of chicks fed T-2 toxin. AB - Experiments were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of dietary T-2 toxin (4,15 diacetoxy-8-(3-methylbutyryloxy)-12,13-epoxy-delta 9-tricothecen-3-ol) in young pullets. Growth of day-old chicks fed a practical-type diet containing the toxin was described by the following function: Y = .152 + 58.497e(.305X1-.005X2(1.66); where Y = gain as percentage starting weight per week; X1 is time in weeks and O less than or equal to X2 is T-2 content of diet in ppm and O less than or equal to X2 less than or equal to 15. Chicks chronically exposed to the toxin showed compensatory growth upon its removal from the diet; however, latent effects on energy utilization were observed. Lesions of the oral mucosa produced by T-2 toxin showed spontaneous remission after about 14 days. T-2 toxin consistently produced depressed concentrations of vitamin E in plasma. Addition of micelle promoting compounds (taurocholic, monoolein, and oleic acids) alleviated depressions in both plasma vitamin E and growth. PMID- 7267534 TI - Effect of supplemental dietary chromium or nicotinic acid on carbohydrate metabolism during basal, starvation, and refeeding periods in poults. AB - A series of experiments were conducted with turkey poults to ascertain the effects of supplemental chromium or excess of nicotinic acid on growth and carbohydrate metabolism. A 23% protein starter diet was selected to emphasize the effect of chromium under basal, starvation for 48 hr, and refeeding periods. Thirty percent protein diets were also used to determine if the effects were compounded by protein levels. Supplemental chromium (20 ppm) significantly increased (P less than .05) weight at 3 weeks of age of poults consuming 23% protein diets, while an additional 250 ppm of nicotinic acid had little effect on poult weight at 3 weeks (P greater than .05). Supplemental chromium did not increase (P greater than .05) feed consumption of poults consuming both 23 and 30% protein diets. Supplemental chromium increased liver glycogen at 3 weeks of age and following refeeding after the 48 hr fast (P less than .05). Blood glucose was significantly affected by starvation-refeeding (P less than .05) but was not affected by either chromium or nicotinic acid. Supplemental chromium increased (P less than .01) active glycogen synthetase, while nicotinic acid increased (P less than .01) active phosphorylase at both protein levels. Synthetase was not decreased by starvation but was increased (P less than .01) by refeeding regardless of protein level fed. Phosphorylase was not affected by a starvation refeeding regimen. Chromium supplementation increased in the vitro incorporation of (14C) glucose into glycogen during basal, starvation and refeeding periods (P less than .01), again, regardless of protein level. PMID- 7267535 TI - Response of growing turkeys to dietary energy levels. AB - Two consecutive trials were conducted with male Large White turkeys grown from day-old to 20 weeks of age on diets formulated to contain 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% fat with constant amino acid energy ratios. The addition of 2 and 4% fat significantly improved body weight gain; higher levels gave no further improvement. Feed conversion efficiency was improved by the addition of fat to the diet, but caloric efficiency remained relatively constant over the range of energy levels, indicating that there was not "extra-caloric" effect of fat observed in this study. Possible contributions of methods of feed formulation toward the possibility of the occurrence of this phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 7267536 TI - The effects of high dietary protein and nitrogen levels on the preformed methyl group requirement and methionine-induced growth depression in chicks. AB - The chick's choline and methionine requirements are both increased by high dietary protein level. Studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that the chicks' need for preformed methyl groups is increased by high protein diets (not methionine or choline per se). Chicks fed 25% isolated soybean protein (ISP) diets responded to methionine supplementation (162 vs 110 g gained in 14 days) but not to choline (119 g vs. 110 g), while those fed 50% ISP responded to either methionine (174 g vs. 126 g) or choline (181 g vs. 126 g) supplementation. Further, neither cystine nor homocystine could replace methionine in improving the growth of chicks fed the high protein diet. In other experiments, L methionine and betaine HCl were found to alleviate the growth depression caused by excessive levels of L-glutamic acid. Excessive levels of L-methionine had a protective effect against growth depression caused by L-glutamate and diammonium citrate, and conversely, supplementary L-serine and sodium formate were not protective against glutamic acid- or arginine-induced growth depression. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the preformed methyl group requirement is increased by high levels of dietary protein and excessive nitrogen from a single amino acid. PMID- 7267537 TI - Effectiveness of the free acid of methionine hydroxy analogue as a methionine supplement in broiler diets. AB - A liquid methionine supplement known as methionine hydroxy analogue-free acid (MHA-FA) was evaluated as a source of methionine in the diet of young broiler chicks. Diets calculated to be deficient in methionine were supplemented with MHA FA and performance compared to that obtained when comparable diets were supplemented with molar equivalents of methionine from L-methionine, DL methionine, or the calcium salt of methionine hydroxy analogue. Performance of chicks fed the test product was equal to that obtained on the other methionine products. The use of MHA-FA might allow for a more even distribution in the diet, easier handling, and a lower manufacturing cost with resultant savings in the cost of producing poultry and eggs. PMID- 7267538 TI - Histological changes in the testis of the domestic fowl after partial adenohypophysectomy. AB - The effects of partial adenohypophysectomy on comb size, testicular weight, and histology 20 or 30 days after the operation are described and discussed in relating these observed changes with the volume of remaining adenohypophyseal tissue. From the present observation, it is concluded that 1) the response of the domestic fowl to partial deficiency of adenohypophyseal tissue may be more sensitive than that of some mammals, 2) the decrease in testicular weight and tubular diameter precedes the histological change in testis and comb regression, and 3) to maintain fully active testicular function, more than 75% of the adenohypophysis is needed. About 40% of the adenohypophyseal tissue including a remnant of cephalic lobe can stimulate spermatogenesis, but the spermatozoa produced were partially abnormal. The critical amount of adenohypophyseal tissue for normal spermiogenesis may exist between 55 and 75%. All histological change is initially observed in the center of testis and then extended toward the periphery. It is suggested that the cephalic lobe contains at least a trace of ICSH in addition to FSH. PMID- 7267539 TI - Effects of low intensity red light on testicular recrudescence in Japanese quail. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine if sighted and blind plumage color mutants of Japanese quail elicit comparable testicular recrudescence when exposed to long daily photoperiods of low intensity red light. Quail exhibiting testicular regression after exposure to 8 hr of light daily for several weeks were blinded via bilateral ocular enucleation. A control group was not enucleated. Two light intensities, 1.4 and 2.8 lx, were applied to half of the birds in each group during a 16 hr daily photoperiod for several weeks. Enucleated birds and birds under the 2.8 lx intensity had greater testis weights than the controls. Birds were also blinded by optic tract sectioning, and a .7 lx red light intensity treatment was included. Greater testis weights were found in birds under higher light intensities. Three plumage pigmentation mutants, sex linked incomplete albino, white and wild-type, were exposed to 8 hr of light daily for either 4 or 8 weeks to induce testicular regression. They were then exposed to the three light intensities for 3 weeks. Higher intensities and albinism resulted in greater testicular recrudescence only when the regression interval was 8 weeks, even though testicular regression appeared after 4 weeks. The absence of eyes or plumage pigmentation, resulting in an increased exposure of the encephalon for extraretinal light reception, may have effected greater testicular recrudescence. Severed optic tracts with tract eyes did not produce this response to light, indicating that the eyes may play a role in mediating the photosexual reflex in quail. Lower intensities may have resulted in reduced tissue penetration and testicular growth. A definite threshold intensity necessary to elicit testis growth was not found. PMID- 7267540 TI - An evaluation of gelatin as a diluent component for storage of chicken semen. AB - This study was conducted using a gelatin-Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) mixture to determine whether or not gelatin aids in the preservation of chicken semen stored at temperatures of 4 to 12 C. Two experiments were conducted designed to determine 1) the optimum gelatin-extender ratio and 2) the optimum in vitro conditions (storage temperature, semen-gas ratio, stopper type, holding temperature, and semen-diluent ratio) for BPSE only and for the best gelatin-BPSE mixture as determined in Experiment 1. Varying the gelatin concentration in BPSE from 15 mg/ml to 30 mg/ml had no significant effect upon either fertility or hatchability. Varying the storage temperature, semen-air ratio, or stopper type had no significant effect upon fertility regardless of the presence or absence of gelatin. However, a significant interaction was noted between the stopper type and the diluent. Cooling semen diluted 1:1 with BPSE at a rate of 1 C/min to 10 C prior to storage and then transporting the post-stored semen at 10 C had a detrimental effect on fertility. Increasing the dilution rate above 1:2 had a significant negative effect upon fertility, with a significant interaction noted between the diluent and the semen-diluent ratio. When comparing BPSE only against the BPSE-gelatin mixture (30 mg/ml), the BPSE-gelatin mixture yielded significantly lower fertility in most instances and had no significant augmenting effect on fertility in those instances where it was not harmful. Therefore, under the in vitro conditions provided in this study, gelatin, in conjunction with BPSE, served no potentiating function in enhancement of fertility of stored chicken semen. PMID- 7267541 TI - An observation of abnormally high calcium and phosphorus levels in laying hens with fatty liver syndrome. PMID- 7267542 TI - The effects of manganese, biotin, and choline on hexosamine and hydroxyproline content as related to leg weakness. AB - Three experiments were conducted with day-old broiler chicks to determine the effects of dietary choline, biotin, and manganese on cartilage hexosamine and hydroxyproline content. The incidence of leg weakness was 75% or higher on all basal diets. The levels of supplementation found to minimize leg weakness were 1540 mg choline chloride/kg diet, .2 mg biotin/kg diet, and 100 mg manganese/kg diet. The levels required to maintain normal epiphyseal cartilage hexosamine content were 385 mg of choline chloride, .05 mg of biotin, and 25 mg of manganese/kg of diet. Substantially higher levels of nutrients were needed to reduce the incidence of leg weakness. Only with manganese supplementation was the incidence of leg weakness significantly reduced at the level of supplementation required for normal hexosamine content. Hydroxyproline content was not affected by varying the levels of supplemental choline, biotin, or manganese. PMID- 7267543 TI - An instrument suitable for viscosity determination of chick intestinal fluids. AB - A rotating cylinder viscometer was described which was modeled after a Zimm viscometer. Regression of power input (watts) to the instrument versus angular velocity (radians per second) for standard fluids at fixed temperature produced linear equations with intercepts at the origin. The ratio of the slopes of these lines to the slope for water produced values that were good estimates of the relative viscosity of the standard fluids. The instrument was capable of determining the relative viscosity of .75 ml of intestinal fluid taken from young growing chicks. PMID- 7267544 TI - Influence of high levels of pyridoxine on twisted legs in broilers. AB - Three experiments were conducted using commercially available broiler chicks to study the influence of high levels of pyridoxine on incidence of twisted legs. Chicks were grown in wire floored battery brooders to two weeks of age when they were weighed and visually scored for twisted legs. Supplementation of a diet containing 2.2 mg synthetic vitamin B6/kg with 10 and 20 mg/kg pyridoxine resulted in a significant decrease (P less than or equal to .05) in incidence of twisted legs in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, supplementation with 30, 60, or 100 mg/kg numerically reduced incidence, but the differences were not statistically significant. Incidence of twisted legs was significantly increased by injecting chicks with .5 ml physiological saline at 1 and 7 days of age in comparison to noninjected controls. Including 10 mg pyridoxine HCl in the saline reduced the incidence but it was still numerically higher than the noninjected controls. Factors other than vitamin B6 nutrition appear to play a more important role in the etiology of twisted legs in broiler chicks. PMID- 7267546 TI - Preservation of the fertilizing capacity of cock semen incubated in vitro at 41 C. AB - Cock spermatozoa were incubated for 6 and 24 hr at 41 C with minimum essential medium (MEM), tissue culture fluid (TCF) removed from tissue cultured cells and in the presence of tissue cultured cells (TCC). the TCC were obtained from whole 9-day-old chick embryos. Fertility following intravaginal artificial insemination was 75, 77, and 80% for semen incubated at 41 C for 6 hr in MEM, TCF, and TCC, respectively. Fertility of semen incubated for 24 hr was approximately 50% for all three treatment groups. The MEM alone was as beneficial as TCF or TCC in maintaining in vitro sperm survival. These observations provide a method for maintaining in vitro the fertilizing capacity (as evaluated by intravaginal insemination) of large numbers of cock spermatozoa under conditions of temperature comparable to those of the hen's oviduct. PMID- 7267545 TI - The viscosity interaction of barley beta-glucan with Trichoderma viride cellulase in the chick intestine. AB - A culture filtrate from Trichoderma viride was used as a source of cellulose degrading enzymes. This filtrate, when added to a barley ration fed to chicks, improved growth and feed efficiency by 19% and 8%, respectively. The response was saturable since increasing amounts of filtrate above 50 mg/kg produced no further improvement. Barley eta-glucan was added to a corn-based diet (10 g/kg) to evaluate the effect of the culture filtrate on the viscosity of beta-glucan in the chick intestinal contents. Barley beta-glucan increased the viscosity of the supernatant of the chick intestinal contents threefold and the culture filtrate reduced the viscosity to near control levels when combined with the diet containing beta-glucan. The presence of beta-glucan in barley probably limits growth of chicks by increasing viscosity of intestinal contents. PMID- 7267547 TI - Immune response and disease resistance in chickens. II. Marek's disease and immune response to GAT. AB - Genetic control of resistance of susceptibility to Marek's disease in chickens was found to be associated with immune response to the amino acid polymer GAT. Thus, both B1B1 and B19B19 GAT low responders had significantly greater incidence of MD than the B1B1 and B19B19 GAT high responder counterparts. The results point to gene(s) controlling MD resistance mapping within the immune response region of the B complex, the major histocompatibility system of the chicken. Patterns of general mortality demonstrate that the low viability, observed over several years among B1B1 birds, likewise is associated with the immune response region of the B complex. PMID- 7267548 TI - Toxic effects of repeated ethanol intubations to chicks. AB - Dosages of 95% ethanol (0, .5, or 1 ml) with variable quantities of water were administered to mixed sex chicks (263 g initial weight) on each of 7 consecutive days. The 1 ml dosage of ethanol significantly reduced body weight gains and feed consumption and increased liver weight per 100 g of body weight. Gross crop lesions (accumulation of exudates and hemorrhage) were observed for both the .5 and 1 ml dosage level of ethanol. For birds given the .5 ml ethanol dosage, dilution with water tended to reduce the severity of crop lesions but not for birds given 1 ml ethanol. All levels of ethanol produced mild ataxia within 5 to 10 min of dosage. Mild or moderate hepatocellular fatty change was present in livers from 5 to 6 birds given 1 ml ethanol. Crop exudates were composed of necrotic cells, fibrin and bacteria. Crop walls of birds given 1 ml of undiluted ethanol were ulcerated and inflamed. Areas within the crop wall were hemorrhagic, edematous, and infiltrated by heterophils and mononuclear cells. PMID- 7267549 TI - Vitamin B6 in the etiology of gizzard erosion in growing chickens. AB - Six experiments have been completed on day-old male cross-bred chicks for periods of up to 2 and 4 weeks to learn more about the role of pyridoxine in the etiology of gizzard erosion. At the end of each experiment, chicks were sacrificed and their gizzards removed and scored for the severity and incidence of erosion. The results of these experiments confirm the previous finding that the severity and incidence of gizzard erosion is increased by B6 deficiency. They further show that taurocholic acid, at 1% of the diet, had a protective effect against this erosion. Feeding B6-adequate rations to chicks that previously had been fed a B6 deficient diet led to partial healing of gizzard erosions. Results also indicate that the feeding of purified diets to growing chickens produces a higher incidence of erosion than that of practical-type diets. Texture of the diet did nt influence the incidence of the erosion, because grinding a practical diet to the same fineness as a purified diet did not increase gizzard erosion. Pair feeding experiments showed that gizzard erosion in partially starved chicks was not a specific result of anorexia but of deficiencies in certain nutrients, one of which is vitamin B6. PMID- 7267550 TI - Effects of ochratoxin A on egg production, body weight, and feed intake in white leghorn hens. AB - Two trials were conducted to determine whether ochratoxin A (OA) or reduced feed consumption was responsible for reduced body weight and egg production in hens. In an 8 week restricted feed intake trial two groups of White Leghorn hens received amounts of non-contaminated feed similar to that consumed in a previous trial by hens fed either noncontaminated diet or one containing 4 ppm OA. A significant (P less than .05) loss of body weight was observed during the 5th and 6th weeks in the group receiving a similar amount of feed as the OA-treated group in the previous trial, indicating that reduced feed consumption might account for the loss in body weight. Since egg production was not affected, it was possible that OA may depress egg production through a mechanism that is separate from its influence on feed intake. In an organoleptic trial White Leghorn hens were offered a choice of layer feed either with or without OA added for a three week period. There was a significant (P less than .05) reduction in the consumption of OA-contaminated feed. PMID- 7267551 TI - Laboratory evaluation of repellent properties against birds of the synthetic pyrethroid decamethrin. AB - Both technical grade and commercially formulated decamethrin administered in feed has a generally repellent action upon quail, with strong individual variations. The excipient used in the commercial preparation has a similar effect on its own, probably due to its odor. Repellency diminishes after repeated exposure and even becomes reversed in the case of the purified pyrethroid, which attracts intoxicated quail. PMID- 7267553 TI - Comparative immune response from vaccinating chickens with lentogenic Newcastle disease virus strains. AB - The immune response of chickens to 11 isolates of LaSota strain Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and to 7 isolates of B1 strain NDV was studied in specific-pathogen free chickens. Most of the vaccine strains were from commercial vaccine producers. Comparison of immunogenicity were made of these vaccines; five other lentogenic NDV strains, not used commercially, were also evaluated. From the criteria of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus serum (VN) neutralizing titers, differences were observed with certain isolates within the LaSota and B1 vaccine groups. Whereas the majority of vaccine strains fell within a predictable range, some proved considerably less in their ability to engender expected titers. Two-to threefold differences in titers were observed with some of the strains compared. Two cloned LaSota NDV strains did not compare favorably, or with expected higher titers, with uncloned or conventional LaSota strain virus isolates. Similarly, certain B1 and LaSota strains passaged in chickens did not demonstrate a greater immunogenic potential over conventional, commercial vaccines of similar strain designation but not passaged in chickens. Whereas none of the NDV strains demonstrated evidence of neurotropism or lethality, postvaccination respiratory reactions were difficult, if not impossible, to evaluate in laboratory isolation units. The complexity of selecting ND vaccines for field use is discussed briefly. PMID- 7267552 TI - The effect of varied brooding temperature on the incidence of leg weakness and subsequent performance of turkeys. AB - Male Nicholas turkeys were used in a study designed to determine the effects of high, moderate, and low brooding temperature on the occurrence of leg abnormalities during a subsequent 20 week grow-out period. Performance data were also obtained. There were no significant differences among the poults brooded under any of the three temperature regimens in the incidence of leg weakness or mortality. Body weights and feed/gain ratios measured at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 weeks of age were similar regardless of brooding temperature. PMID- 7267554 TI - Laboratory evaluation of the immune response of young broiler chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease under field conditions. AB - Four experiments were conducted to examine the efficiency of 4 different Newcastle disease (ND) field vaccination programs. For all experiments young broiler chickens were obtained from breeder flocks regularly vaccinated against ND. The following vaccination programs were tested: 1) vaccination at 1 day of age; 2) vaccination at 1 and 20 days of age; 3) vaccination at 7 days, and 4) vaccination at 12 days of age. In all experiments, 10 randomly chosen birds from each of 6 farms that were commercially vaccinated plus 10 nonvaccinated control birds were bled just prior to vaccination and the farms separated into 2 groups based on the birds' mean NDV hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers. At various times after vaccination, sera from 10 different birds from each of the 6 farms and 10 nonvaccinated birds were assayed for HI titers and then challenged with virulent NDV to establish disease resistance. Serologic and challenge data indicated that the majority of chickens from any one of the 4 vaccination programs produced measurable HI titers and were refractory to challenge. However, the greatest serologic response and best resistance to clinical ND were found in birds with relatively low levels of maternal immunity at the time of initial vaccination and in birds receiving a booster vaccination at 20 days of age. PMID- 7267555 TI - The potentiation effect of citric acid in aureomycin in turkeys. AB - Citric acid was used to potentiate Aureomycin by administering both materials through the drinking water of turkeys. Treatment groups receiving citric acid consistently had higher blood levels of Aureomycin than corresponding treatments receiving Aureomycin alone. Highly significant differences in tetracycline blood levels were obtained at 24 hr in one experiment and at 48 hr in a second experiment favoring citric acid treated birds. PMID- 7267556 TI - Influence of dietary fat on growth and liver lipid content, glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, and aldolase activities in the chick. AB - The influence of fat in chick diets containing 18, 21, and 24% protein on growth and liver lipid content, glucose 6-phosphate, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, and aldolase activities was evaluated. Twelve percent fat in diets containing 21 and 24% protein increased the rate of growth. The fat level also decreased liver lipid content at 24% dietary protein. Improved growth was attributed to higher feed intake. However, dietary fat did not affect the activities of the above enzymes indicating their inadaptive nature to dietary fat. PMID- 7267557 TI - Influence of short term fasting on chicken alimentary canal mucosa. AB - Little is known about the physiological effects of short-term fasting in avian species. The present study was developed to examine the alimentary mucosal changes in fasted birds by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Chickens of various ages were fasted for periods of 3, 5, and 7 days. Water was provided ad libitum. At the end of the fasting periods the birds were sacrificed along with ad libitum fed controls. Tissue samples from crop, duodenum, and ileum were processed by standard methods for scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The SEM samples were prepared by vacuum drying methods. The TEM samples were embedded in Spurrs embedding medium. Mucosal sloughing was observed in the crop and small intestine with SEM only in fasted birds. With TEM, separation was observed between the mucosal cells of fasted birds with membranous whorls in these spaces. Sloughed cells may be an endogenous protein source for the fasting bird. PMID- 7267558 TI - The effect of methionine or cysteine on cobalt toxicity in the chick. AB - Three experiments were conducted to investigate the interaction of cobalt with sulfur-containing amino acids in the chick. Fortified corn-soybean meal diets were fed and tissue concentrations of cobalt were assessed. In Experiment 1, three levels of cobalt (0, 250, and 500 microgram/g) were fed in the presence and absence of .50% supplemental DL-methionine. Dietary additions of cobalt depressed growth rate and caused cobalt accumulation in the liver and kidney. Supplemental methionine in excess of the requirement for maximal chick weight gains partially alleviated the depression in performance and decreased cobalt accumulation in the liver and kidney. Two levels of cobalt (0 and 500 microgram/g) were fed in the presence and absence of .59% supplemental L-cysteine.HCl.H2O (isosulfurous to .50% DL-methionine) in Experiment 2. Again, cobalt depressed performance and accumulated in the liver and kidney. The surfeit of cysteine increased weight gain and decreased cobalt accumulation in the liver but not in the kidney. In Experiment 3, two levels of cobalt (0 and 250 microgram/g) were fed in the presence and absence of two levels of excess DL-methionine (.50 and 1.0%) or two levels of excess cysteine.HCl.H2O (.59 and 1.18%). Multiple linear regression analysis of gain on sulfur consumed from methionine or cysteine indicated that cysteine was almost 6 times more efficacious than methionine in alleviating cobalt toxicity. In fact, cysteine supplemented at a level of 1.18% completely alleviated the growth depression caused by 250 microgram/g cobalt. Both methionine and cysteine reduced cobalt accumulation in the liver and kidney, but the liver was affected to a greater extent than the kidney. PMID- 7267559 TI - Circulating levels of corticosterone in the serum of developing chick embryos and newly hatched chicks. AB - Circulating levels of corticosterone were determined in chick embryos from 10 to 21 days of incubation using eggs from a Leghorn breeder flock. In Experiment 1, eggs were incubated from 10 to 20 days for daily embryonic blood collection. To verify stage of development with day of incubation, embryo right middle toe lengths were measured concurrent with blood sampling. Serum from three embryos was pooled into one sample and the corticosterone content of 10 samples per day of incubation was determined using a radioimmunoassay procedure. The levels of corticosterone from day 10 to 14 fluctuated slightly and then increased rapidly until 16 days of incubation. At this time serum corticosterone remained relatively constant through day 18 with an apparent increasing trend up to day 20. The use of toe lengths to assure no day-to-day overlap in embryonic development proved effective. In Experiment 2, newly hatched (day 21) chicks were sorted into four 3-hr periods ranging from early to late hatching. Blood samples were collected from five individual chicks during four 15-min sampling periods for each of the four hatch times. Serum corticosterone levels were not affected by sampling periods or hatch times. PMID- 7267560 TI - Effect of levamisole on the phytohemagglutinin induced basophil hypersensitivity reaction in the chicken wattle. AB - The potentiating effect of levamisole (L) on the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced hypersensitivity skin reaction in the chicken's wattle was studied. The L increased the number of heterophils and basophils 10 and 6 times, respectively. The number of mononuclear phagocytic cells in the PHA skin reaction was unaltered. These results contrast slightly with those of mammals. PMID- 7267561 TI - The effects of chronic handling on the incidence of leg abnormalities and several blood parameters in turkeys. AB - Twelve hundred day-old Nicholas toms were randomly distributed among 47 pens as part of two experiments designed to evaluate the effects of chronic handling on leg weakness and several blood parameters. From 5 until 19 weeks of age, one half of the birds, designated as the handled group, was subjected to physical examination once each day, 5 days a week, in an effort to detect the development of leg abnormalities. They were also removed from their pens and weighed at 5, 10, 15, and 20 weeks of age. The remaining birds, referred to as nonhandled, were exposed to the minimum amount of human contact necessary for proper management. Experiment 1 involved only birds in the handled group. When a leg weakness was detected, the afflicted bird and a healthy control from the same pen were bled. Determinations were made of packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, total leukocyte count, and the plasma levels of uric acid, inorganic phosphate, calcium, alkaline phosphatase activity, testosterone, and corticosterone. Lame birds were found to have significantly higher total leukocyte counts and plasma corticosterone concentrations than healthy controls, the other parameters being unaffected. Experiment 2 was performed using both handled and nonhandled birds, 19 weeks of age. Lame and healthy subjects from each group were selected. Blood parameters identical to those in Experiment 1 were measured; it was found that lame birds had significantly higher plasma corticosterone levels than healthy controls and that chronic handling caused significant decreases in packed cell volume, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase activity, and corticosterone. Handling did not affect the incidence of leg weakness or mean final body weight. PMID- 7267562 TI - Gaseous metabolism of leghorns and broilers during early growth: existence energy rate. AB - Existence energy rate (EER) was measured on male Ross x Arbor Acre broilers and DeKalb 231 x Cornell White Leghorns from day of hatch to 8 weeks of age. The EER was measured in an open circuit respirometer with feed and water available ad libitum. The log of heat production (kilocalories per bird per day) was plotted against the log for body weight (kilograms) for each type bird. Data from broilers and Leghorns were then compared using analysis of covariance. The equations best describing EER for Ross x Arbor Acre broilers and DeKalb 231 x Cornell White Leghorns were Y = 148W.77 and Y = 110W.74, respectively, where Y equals kcal/bird-day and W equals body weight (kg). There was no significant difference in slope (.77 compared to .74) between the two types of poultry; however, broilers had a significantly higher EER than Leghorns (147 compared to 110) when analyzed at equal body weights. Apparently the greater food intake and activity associated with feeding effected the marked increase in heat production by broilers. PMID- 7267563 TI - Women's views and experiences of ante-natal care. PMID- 7267564 TI - General practitioners' views of geriatric day-hospitals. PMID- 7267565 TI - The anterior/tibial/syndrome. PMID- 7267566 TI - Disorders of the patella. PMID- 7267567 TI - The clinical diagnosis and management of frozen shoulders. PMID- 7267568 TI - Anaemias in pregnancy. PMID- 7267570 TI - Understanding the dying patient. PMID- 7267569 TI - Chronic leg ulcers. The effect of pneumatic intermittent compression. PMID- 7267572 TI - Low risk obstetrics? PMID- 7267571 TI - A new virus transport system assessed. PMID- 7267573 TI - An unexpected reaction to carbamazepine. PMID- 7267575 TI - Vocational training: a critique. PMID- 7267574 TI - Prescribing frequency and costs related to patients' age and sex. PMID- 7267576 TI - Vocational training: a trainee's view. PMID- 7267577 TI - Prescribing--a controversial craft? PMID- 7267578 TI - Problems in the care of the newborn. PMID- 7267579 TI - The overactive child. PMID- 7267580 TI - The abused and deprived child. PMID- 7267581 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7267582 TI - Genetic counselling and the general practitioner. PMID- 7267583 TI - Problems in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. PMID- 7267584 TI - Some problems of adolescent girls. PMID- 7267586 TI - Upper respiratory illness in perspective. PMID- 7267585 TI - Intussusception in infancy and childhood. PMID- 7267587 TI - The glucose tolerance test in hypertensive patients treated long term with thiazide diuretics. PMID- 7267588 TI - [Psychodrama and physical work]. PMID- 7267589 TI - [Child therapy or family therapy? Reflections on the question of indication]. PMID- 7267590 TI - [Housing of behavior-disordered children in foster families - experiences in the selection and differentiation within the framework of a foster parent project]. PMID- 7267591 TI - [Occupational assistance and promotion by pedagogues in a home for behavior disordered students. A demonstration of interrogation results and program evaluation]. PMID- 7267592 TI - [Systematic promotion of self confidence and self determination in institutionalized children. A general practice report]. PMID- 7267593 TI - [Problems of today in medical genetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267594 TI - [Clinical and genetic aspects of cherubism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267595 TI - [A new cleft lip/palate syndrome associated with mental retardation, unusual facies and skeletal anomalies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267596 TI - [Prophyrias: genetic transmission and prevention (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267597 TI - [Correction of pectus excavatum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267598 TI - [Nerve root syndromes by spontaneous intradural hematoma during anticoagulation therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267599 TI - [Is it possible to manufacture non eczematogenic cement? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267600 TI - [Clinical report of triclosan, a new topical with antifungicidal and antimicrobial activity (CGP 433--Logamel) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267601 TI - [ECG quiz no. 17. What is your diagnosis?]. PMID- 7267602 TI - [Imported diseases and medical check up-people coming back from tropical countries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267603 TI - [Advances in the treatment of morbus Hodgkin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267605 TI - [The importance of stressors threating the existence of living beings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267607 TI - Factors influencing wound healing. PMID- 7267606 TI - [Araneae/Spiders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267604 TI - [Inaccurate blood pressure recording caused by insufficient sphygmomanometers: an useful quality check (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267608 TI - [Pathophysiology of venous leg ulcers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267610 TI - [Topical treatment of chronic surgical wounds: methods and substances (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267609 TI - [Chronic ulcers of the skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267611 TI - [Importance of social medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267612 TI - [Diagnostic features of so-called "chronic appendicitis" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267613 TI - [Dirty fingers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267614 TI - Intraepithelial lymphocytes in jejunal mucosa: diagnostic significance of changes in their number during chronic intestinal disease, with particular reference to coeliac disease. PMID- 7267615 TI - [Mesenchymal tumors of stomach and duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267616 TI - [Endoscopic appearance of papilla after surgical papillotomy and papilloplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267617 TI - Endoscopic study of bilio-digestive anastomoses. PMID- 7267619 TI - Clinico-pathological involvement of duodenum in malabsorption syndrome. PMID- 7267618 TI - [Light and electron microscopic, and histochemical analysis of the duodenal mucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267620 TI - [Hypertension intervention studies: a review of results to date (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267622 TI - [Scorpiones/scorpions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267621 TI - [The painful knee and the chondromalacia patellae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267623 TI - Forum: the U.S. Air Force HEART program model. PMID- 7267624 TI - Risk reduction in the U.S. Air Force primary prevention HEART program. PMID- 7267625 TI - Evaluation of the U.S. Air Force HEART program demonstration. PMID- 7267626 TI - Variability and reliability of diastolic blood pressure during adolescence: the Philadelphia Blood Pressure Project. PMID- 7267627 TI - Tobacco usage in France: an epidemiology study. PMID- 7267629 TI - Evaluation of a mass hypertension screening program. PMID- 7267630 TI - Yields of selected toxic agents in the smoke of Canadian cigarettes, 1969 and 1978. A decade of change? PMID- 7267628 TI - Effects of marathon running, jogging, and diet on coronary risk factors in middle aged men. PMID- 7267631 TI - A simple method of assessing the effect of dietary advice to reduce plasma cholesterol. PMID- 7267632 TI - Health promotion as public policy: the need for moral groundings. PMID- 7267634 TI - A comment on the clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors. PMID- 7267633 TI - Analyzing the moral issues in health promotion. PMID- 7267635 TI - [Medical genetics in practice and teaching]. PMID- 7267636 TI - Spacing during the complete deciduous dentition period in a series of Finnish children. PMID- 7267637 TI - Ionic serum fluoride concentrations and age in a low-fluoride community. PMID- 7267638 TI - Effect of peroral administration of xylitol on the structure of the palatinal mucosa, submandibular glands, and the duodenum wall. PMID- 7267639 TI - Dissolution of dentin by endodontic irrigants. PMID- 7267640 TI - Fibre optics transillumination in caries diagnosis. PMID- 7267642 TI - Value and limitations of exercise testing. PMID- 7267641 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty - current status. PMID- 7267643 TI - The march of medicine; a positive beat. PMID- 7267644 TI - Alcohol and forensic medicine. PMID- 7267645 TI - Build and blood pressure study-a review. PMID- 7267646 TI - Cancer of the breast and cancer treatment advances. PMID- 7267647 TI - Use of psychotropic drugs in psychiatric conditions; psychiatric problems - recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7267648 TI - Myocardial infarction: applicability of prognostic clinical features in life insurance selection. PMID- 7267649 TI - Animal models for craniofacial disorders. PMID- 7267650 TI - Major histocompatibility complex (H-2)-linked genes affecting teratogen-induced congenital craniofacial malformations in mice. PMID- 7267651 TI - Screening for teratogens in vitro. PMID- 7267652 TI - Studies of cleft lip and cleft palate in the population of Denmark. PMID- 7267653 TI - Studies of cleft lip and cleft palate in east European populations. PMID- 7267654 TI - Animal models for craniofacial disorders: a critique. PMID- 7267655 TI - Population data on cleft lip and cleft palate in the Japanese. PMID- 7267656 TI - Population and family studies of cleft lip and palate. PMID- 7267657 TI - The human population data: critique I. PMID- 7267658 TI - The human population data: critique II. PMID- 7267659 TI - Multifactorial/threshold models and their application to cleft lip and cleft palate. PMID- 7267660 TI - Applied mathematical models of etiology: critique I. PMID- 7267662 TI - Applied mathematical models of etiology: critique III. PMID- 7267661 TI - Applied mathematical models of etiology: critique II. PMID- 7267663 TI - Studies on the major histocompatibility complex and cleft lip and/or cleft palate. PMID- 7267665 TI - The incidence of sensory integrative dysfunction among children with orofacial cleft: a critique. PMID- 7267664 TI - The incidence of sensory integrative dysfunction among children with orofacial cleft. PMID- 7267666 TI - The genetics of clefting in the mouse: a critique. PMID- 7267667 TI - Genetics of clefting in the mouse: a critique. PMID- 7267668 TI - The lymphocyte. PMID- 7267669 TI - Correction of immune defects by transplantation of cultured thymus. PMID- 7267670 TI - Lymphocytapheresis. PMID- 7267671 TI - [Chemistry and mechanism of action of nitrogen-free hallucinogens]. PMID- 7267672 TI - [Data presentation anywhere. The feasibility of mobile data display with a portable terminal system]. PMID- 7267673 TI - The efficacy of twice daily cephalexin. AB - A multi-centre study in general practice was carried out to compare the efficacy of two doses of cephalexin-500 mg or 1 g - given in a twice daily dosage regimen to 752 patients with respiratory or soft tissue infections. After 5-days' treatment, over 80% of the patients were cured or considerably improved, with no differences between the two treatment groups. Considering the lower respiratory and soft tissue infections together, 1 g cephalexin twice daily produced a better clinical response after 48-hours' treatment, suggesting a more rapid response with the higher dosage, but this trend did not reach statistical significance. Twice daily cephalexin therapy was also effective in patients with concurrent illness, and in those patients who had been treated unsuccessfully with other antibacterial therapy in the week prior to trial entry. No drug interactions were reported and the incidence of side-effects was low. PMID- 7267674 TI - Fibre-optic gastroscopy and intravenous diazepam: their combined effect on arterial oxygen saturation. PMID- 7267675 TI - Efficacy and tolerability of CGP 9,000 ("Oraspor') in diabetic patients treated for urinary tract infections: a case control study. AB - The new semi-synthetic oral cephalosporin, CGP 9,000, has been evaluated in a large number of hospitalized patients with urinary infections. A total of 57 of these patients suffering from concomitant diabetes was matched with an equal number of non-diabetic patients. Patients were treated for 10 days with either 500 mg or 1.0 g CGP, or 1.0 g cephalexin. The predominant pathogens isolated were E. coli, Strep. faecalis, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella spp. Comparison of the results showed that the eradication rate was similar in diabetic and non-diabetic patients and there were no significant differences between the three treatment groups. There was a similar improvement in pyuria, and therapeutic response was equally as good in diabetic patients on 500 mg CGP 9,000 per day as in non diabetic patients and in the other treatment groups. No unwanted effects on renal function were observed in the high-risk diabetic group. PMID- 7267676 TI - Effect of nicotinic acid and dipyridamole on tissue blood flow in peripheral vascular disease. AB - The effect of 2-weeks' treatment with daily doses of 150 mg nicotinic acid, 300 mg dipyridamole and placebo, in random order, on muscle blood flow and skin temperature gradient in the legs was measured in 6 patients with advanced arteriosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. Mean resting skin temperature gradient and muscle blood flow were uninfluenced by any of these treatments. Dipyridamole, but not nicotinic acid, caused a significant increase in exercise muscle blood flow compared to placebo (p less than 0.01). This improvement was maintained after 2-months' continuous treatment at the end of the trial. It is concluded that dipyridamole may be of value in the medical management of peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 7267677 TI - Double-blind assessment of the activity of minaprine (30038-CB) in child psychiatry. AB - A double-blind, crossover trial was carried out in 26 children with psychiatric disorders to assess the effectiveness of treatment with minaprine (100 mg per day) or placebo, each treatment being given in random order for 4 weeks. Patients were assessed before treatment and at 14 day intervals using a modified 34-item Hamilton rating scale. The results showed a definite therapeutic superiority of minaprine over placebo and a good response was achieved in over 50% of the children, including those showing signs of the "hyperactive syndrome'. Minaprine was well tolerated by all the patients. PMID- 7267678 TI - Double-blind clinical, endoscopic and histological comparison of hydrotalcite/dimethicone suspension and magnesium hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide suspension in the treatment of symptomatic gastritis. AB - A double-blind, randomized trial was undertaken to compare the clinical, endoscopic and histological response to 6-weeks' treatment with hydrotalcite/dimethicone suspension or magnesium hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide suspension in 36 patients with symptomatic gastritis. Significantly more patients (P less than 0.05) showed symptomatic improvement in the antacid-treated group than in the hydrotalcite/dimethicone-treated group and more had a reduction in histological inflammatory scores (P less than 0.01), although there was little correlation between histology and symptoms. There was no evidence from this study that the bile acid binding and anti-foaming properties of hydrotalcite/dimethicone suspension were of any benefit in the treatment of patients with symptomatic gastritis. PMID- 7267679 TI - Clinical pharmacological studies with LM 5008, a new antidepressant. AB - A spectrofluorometric assay has been developed for the measurement of LM 5008, a novel antidepressant, in biological fluids. A buccal absorption study in 12 healthy subjects showed increased uptake of LM 5008 under higher pH conditions. Single dose administration of 25 mg orally to 3 volunteers showed peak levels after 2 to 3 hours. Pharmacodynamic studies in 12 volunteers comparing 25 mg LM 5008, 1 mg atropine and placebo showed that pupil diameter increased significantly after LM 5008 compared with atropine and placebo, but no other significant anticholinergic effect was demonstrated. Atropine showed a significant decrease in saliva production and in eccrine sweating and a significant increase in dryness of the mouth and in pupil diameter compared with placebo. The distance of the near point tended to increase during atropine treatment but only significantly at 6 hours. LM 5008 produced no significant change in these measurements. PMID- 7267680 TI - Search for newer substituted phenoxyacetylethyleneimines as possible CNS, MAO and anticonvulsant agents. AB - Various substituted phenoxyacetic acids were converted into the acid chlorides, which react with ethyleneimine in pyridine to give the desired product. These compounds were evaluated for central nervous system (CNS) activity. Some of the compounds at a concentration of 1 . 10-3mol/l inhibited rat brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) in vitro and provided protection against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions in mice. PMID- 7267681 TI - Synthesis and biological activities of some new 2-arylamino-4 fluoroarylthiazoles. AB - Twenty-one new 2-arylamino-4-fluoroarylthiazoles have been synthesized by the condensation of the appropriate arylthiourea with the corresponding fluorophenacylbromide in ethanol. These new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies. Some representative compounds have been screened for various biological activities viz. insecticidal, virucidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal and antiarthritic. PMID- 7267682 TI - Studies in potential organo-fluorine antibacterial agents. Part 6: Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some new fluorine containing 1,3,4,5,7-pentasubstituted dipyrazolo[3,4-b,; 4,3-3]pyridines. AB - Ten new fluorine containing dipyrazolo [3,4-b;4,3-3]pyridines have been synthesized as possible antibacterial agents. The synthesis involves the condensation of 5-amino-1,3-disubstituted pyrazoles with an appropriate arylaldehyde at 220-240 degrees C. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by their m. p.'s elemental analysis, TLC, IR, 1H-NMR and 19F-NMR. A representative number of compounds have also been screened for their antibacterial activity and most of them were found to inhibit the growth of different bacteria. PMID- 7267683 TI - [Studies on the light transmittance of coloured plastic bottles for liquid pharmaceutical preparations. Part 43: Contributions to problems concerning the use of plastic containers for liquid pharmaceutical preparations (author's transl)]. AB - To assess the light transmittance of coloured plastic bottles, studies were made using the photographic paper method and a spectrophotometric technique. According to its sensitivity between 400 and 500 nm, the photographic paper gives information as to this wavelength range, directional radiation and scattered light being covered. In contrast to this, the spectrophotometric method yields discriminating information on the wavelength range between 200 and 800 nm. Apart from a minimum transmittance up to 500 nm, the coloured plastic bottles should have a high transmittance greater than 700 to ensure high transparency. Of the dyes tested, Pigment Orange and Chromeophthal Brown give the plastic bottles light-protecting properties 4 years' storage, both of these dyes show changes in the light-protecting properties by which the light transmittance of plastic bottles coloured with them is increased. When these dyes are used in adequate concentrations, this increase in light transmittance will remain within allowable limits, provided direct solar radiation be avoided. PMID- 7267684 TI - [Studies on the extraction of biologically active vasopressin from plasma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267685 TI - [A method for testing the resistance of film-forming polymers against gastric juices (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a simple method for preparing and testing isolated polymer based films, and demonstrate their use by the example of selected polymethacrylate films, mainly containing different concentrations of various plastizisers. The results obtained show that the characterization of film properties by this method may be used for the comparison of filmogenic formulae in the forefield of coating and for prognosticating the film quality to be expected. PMID- 7267686 TI - Investigation of the discolouration developed in aged chloramphenicol suppositories. AB - The colouring matter developed in aged chloramphenicol (1) suppositories formulated with polyethylene glycol base was separated by extraction with water/n butanol mixture, n-butanol or abs. alcohol. These extracts were tested for colour stability, the presence of the main degradation products of 1 p nitrophenylaminopropandiol (2) and p-nitrobenzaldehyde (3), and investigated by TLC and absorption spectrum. Results showed that the extracted matter gave the tests for the main degradation products of 1. TLC of n-butanol layer of the first mixture or n-butanol extract gave 2 spots with different RF values identified as 2 and 3. In the case of abs. alcohol extract 2 spots adhering to each other were obtained. The same spots in the latter case were obtained for an equimolecular condensation product of 2 and 3 (obtained by condensation in acid medium). The absorption spectrum of the extracted matter showed high absorbance in the visible region and maxima appeared only in the UV region. The condensation product of 2 and 3 gave the same absorbance pattern and did not produce Schiff's base. The colour of the aqueous layer of the first mixture faded gradually which assured its not being due to azocompounds. These findings indicated that the discolouration may be due to complex formation. Using model systems of known chemical reactions showed that discolouration is due to complex formation between 2 and 3 between 1 and 2. PMID- 7267687 TI - [Antimicrobial activity of selected quinoxalines (author's transl)]. AB - After a survey of the literature on biological effects of quinoxalines experimental results of 2,3- and 2,3,6-substituted quinoxalines against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporon gypseum were demonstrated. The most active compound was 2-chlor-3-methyl-6-nitroquinoxaline. Its MIC values against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans were determined with 54 and 223 micromol/l. PMID- 7267689 TI - Structure-toxicity relationships applied to grayanotoxins. PMID- 7267688 TI - Chemical investigation and biological screening of the stem of Rhododendron anthopogon (D. Don.). PMID- 7267690 TI - Structure-toxicity relationships applied to bicyclic organophosphorus poisons. PMID- 7267691 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of chlorpropham, metobromuron and chlorbromuron residues in drugs of the East German Pharmacopoeia, 2d edition]. PMID- 7267692 TI - Biological and pharmaceutical aspects of influencing the blood vessel system. PMID- 7267693 TI - The microcirculation of the heart-disturbances and possibilities of pharmacological influence. PMID- 7267694 TI - Structure-activity relationships on quantum-chemical basis. PMID- 7267696 TI - Fundamentals for ethanol chronopharmacokinetics in nonstarved, serially sampled rats. AB - Fed versus starved rats were investigated for an appropriate model for studying the chronopharmacokinetics of ethanol. A serially independent dosage-sampling regimen was compared with a serially dependent one. Before beginning the pharmacokinetic studies, a number of experimental pharmacologic variables was systematically examined and quantified. When 24-hour starved rats (LD = 12:12 h) were injected intraperitoneally with ethanol at varying intervals during a single 24-hour period in a serially dependent manner, no significant differences in blood-ethanol clearance rates were observed. However, when the same dose was administered to ad-libitum-fed rats in a serially independent study, a prominent circadian rhythm in clearance rates was revealed. Interindividual variance was less with fed rats than with starved ones. These studies indicate that further characterization of this rhythm should employ ad-libitum-fed rats colony (serially independently) sampled. PMID- 7267695 TI - Compartmental analysis of tyramine-induced norepinephrine depletion. AB - Tyramine-dependent depletion of norepinephrine was shown to occur from a single kinetically defined compartment. The kinetics of depletion were related to the tyramine concentration and were independent of the amount of norepinephrine within the neuron. Tyramine depleted equivalent amounts of norepinephrine from cytoplasmic, biosynthetic, stable and labile intraneuronal storage compartments by a cocaine-sensitive process. The norepinephrine specific activity of the thoracic aorta remained constant even after greater than 80% depletion due to tyramine. The results show no evidence for a tyramine-resistant pool(s) of norepinephrine within adrenergic neurons. PMID- 7267697 TI - Alcohol does not enhance diazepam absorption. AB - A single 5-mg oral dose of diazepam was administered to 6 healthy volunteers on 3 occasions in a randomized 3-way crossover study. Modes of administration were: (A) (control): diazepam with 120 ml of water, preceded 30 min before with 120 ml of water; (B) diazepam with 120 ml water, preceded by 120 ml of a 50:50 vodka:water mixture, and (C) diazepam with 120 ml of the vodka mixture, preceded by 120 ml of water. Peak plasma diazepam levels averaged 166, 140 and 145 ng/ml in trials A, B and C, respectively; the time of peak concentration was 0.71, 2.1 and 1.5 h after the dose, respectively. Differences were not significant. Total areas under the plasma concentration curve were nearly identical (2.7, 2.8 and 2.9 micrograms/ml X h) among the 3 trials, as were values of diazepam elimination half-life (29, 36 and 35 h). The rate and extent of desmethyldiazepam formation also did not differ among trials. Thus, coadministration of diazepam with or shortly after a typical social cocktail tends to slow the rate of diazepam absorption, but does not influence the completeness of absorption or the rate of elimination. PMID- 7267698 TI - Biliary contrast agents: comparative study about the binding to human plasma and the effect of human plasma on hepatic uptake. AB - The binding of one oral and five intravenous biliary contrast agents to human plasma was determined by equilibrium dialysis. Large differences of the binding strength were found. The presence of human plasma in the incubation medium largely inhibited the rate of the uptake of the six drugs by rat livers slices. A positive linear correlation between the extent of the plasma protein binding and the inhibition of the hepatic uptake could be demonstrated for the six biliary contrast agents investigated. PMID- 7267699 TI - Drugs affecting porphyrin and lipid metabolism in rats: effects exerted by allylisopropylacetamide and related molecules. AB - Allylisopropylacetamide (AIA), a drug known to cause lesions in porphyrin and lipid metabolism, and drugs with structure related to AIA [propylisopropylacetamide (PIA) and 2-isopropyl-4-hydroxyvaleric acid] were injected subcutaneously into rats. Measurements were taken of the effect of these compounds on the levels of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALA synthetase) and hepatic porphyrins and on the values of hepatic and plasmatic triglycerides and plasma free fatty acids. To a different degree, both AIA and PIA increase the activity of ALA synthetase, and also increase the levels of hepatic porphyrins and hepatic and plasmatic triglycerides, while they both initially lower the levels of plasmatic free fatty acids (FFAs). The administration of 2-isopropyl-4 hydroxyvaleric acid has no effect on the parameters studied. The findings seem to suggest that the activity affecting porphyrin and lipid metabolism is connected in both cases with the presence of the amide function. PMID- 7267700 TI - Effect of (+)-cyanidanol-3 on the changes in liver glutathione content and lipoperoxidation induced by acute ethanol administration in the rat. AB - Acute ethanol administration to rats fasted overnight resulted in a significant decrease in the content of glutathione (GSH) of the liver concomitantly with a partial increase in oxidized glutathione levels, representing a net 38% decrease in total GSH equivalents. In these conditions, liver lipoperoxidation is significantly enhanced. Treatment with (+)-cyanidanol-3 prior to ethanol ingestion was able to reduce by 80% the ethanol-induced depletion in total GSH equivalents and to completely abolish lipoperoxidation. These results indicate that (+)-cyanidanol-3 has a protective effect on the changes in liver GSH levels and lipoperoxidation induced by ethanol, probably related to its scavenging action exerted on free radicals. PMID- 7267701 TI - Influence of the genetically controlled deficiency in debrisoquine hydroxylation on antipyrine metabolite formation. AB - The influence of the genetically controlled deficiency in debrisoquine hydroxylation on antipyrine metabolite formation was studied by giving 500 mg antipyrine to 14 extensive and 10 poor metabolizers of debrisoquine. The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine were determined on the basis of the saliva concentration time curve and the cumulative urinary excretion of 4 hydroxyantipyrine, norantipyrine, 3-hydroxymethyl-antipyrine, and 3 carboxyantipyrine was measured for 32 h following drug administration. Antipyrine elimination half-life, volume of distribution, and total clearance were almost equal for the two groups. Significant differences in the excretion of antipyrine metabolites were not observed, except for 3-hydroxymethyl-antipyrine which was excreted in poor metabolizers about 30% less than in extensive metabolizers (p less than 0.01). However, this difference only reached borderline significance (p less than 0.1) when clearance values for production of this metabolite were calculated. It is concluded that different species of the drug-oxidizing enzymes (cytochrome P-450 system) are involved in the metabolism of debrisoquine and antipyrine. Possibly the enzyme responsible for hydroxylating debrisoquine is partly involved in the formation of 3-hydroxymethyl-antipyrine. PMID- 7267702 TI - Effect of free fatty acid concentration on furosemide binding to human serum albumin. AB - The effect of varying concentrations of sodium oleate on the binding of furosemide to human serum albumin was investigated using continuous ultrafiltration. The furosemide fraction free was 1.37% in the absence of sodium oleate increasing to 3.52% in the presence of 2 mEq/l of sodium oleate. Furosemide bound to two types of binding sites on the albumin molecule. It was found that the numbers of binding sites of each type were constant with the addition of free fatty acid (FFA); however, the decrease in the affinity constants for each site was directly proportional to the increase in FFA over the range of 0-2 mEq/l added sodium oleate. Sodium palmitate and linoleic acid were tested individually to determine the effect of interaction, the fraction free increasing to 2.59 and 1.96% in the presence of 2 mEq/l of sodium palmitate and linoleic acid, respectively. PMID- 7267703 TI - Carnitine optical isomers' action on the epinephrine stress induced in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. AB - A cardiac stress was performed in the isolated perfused rabbit heart by means of four injections of 0.5 micrograms epinephrine in the coronary vessels. The endogenous (-)carnitine/acetyl(-)carnitine ratio was also determined. The two exogenous optical isomers of carnitine possess a different pharmacological behavior on the epinephrine-induced stress. Exogenous (-)carnitine reduces the epinephrine stimulating effect whereas exogenous (+)carnitine increases it, including coronary flow. Furthermore, the endogenous (-)carnitine restores this ratio to the normal value, whereas exogenous (+)carnitine does not. It is concluded that carnitine might represent an important natural way for organism safeguard in the epinephrine stress as occurs in various emotional states. In this respect the importance of exogenous (-)carnitine as a therapeutic means remains to be investigated. PMID- 7267704 TI - Reproducing movement in the lower extremity using kinesthetic cues of distance and location. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if kinesthetic cues of distance or location serve as references in motor memory for reproducing movement in the lower extremity. Thirty normal subjects randomly reproduced criterion movements of 30, 60, and 90 degrees of knee flexion. Starting positions of the criterion and reproduction movements were varied. Reproducing distance required that subjects move the same amplitude as the criterion movement, while reproducing location involved moving to the end position of the criterion movement. Results showed that reproductions based on location were significantly (p less than .05) more accurate than those based on distance cues. Reproductions of 30 and 60 degrees were found to be significantly (p less than .05) less variable than 90 degree reproduction movements. The results were explained according to the theories that have been proposed for retention of kinesthetic distance and location cues in motor memory. PMID- 7267705 TI - California physician's professional image of therapists. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudes of California physicians toward the professional image of physical therapists and to determine the influence of several independent variables on that image. A three-part questionnaire was used to survey the sample of physicians. The first two sections contained attitudinal statements based on criteria representing degrees of professionalism; the third section contained questions on demographic variables. The results indicated that, although the majority of responding physicians viewed physical therapists as possessing all of the criteria denoting professionalism, there was relatively less agreement with the two criteria representing the highest degrees of professionalism-evaluative skills and autonomy of judgment. None of the independent variables influenced physicians' professional image of physical therapists except physician specialty area, in which family practitioners held a significantly higher professional image of physical therapists than did neurosurgeons and orthopedists. The authors suggest further study of other factors that may affect physicians' professional image of physical therapists as well as recommend steps that may be taken to improve the professional image of physical therapists. PMID- 7267706 TI - Contralateral effects of upper extremity proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns. AB - Electromyography was used to determine the presence of electrical activity in the nonexercised latissimus dorsi, infraspinatus, and pectoralis major muscles while the contralateral limb underwent the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern of flexion, abduction, external rotation with elbow straight and extension, adduction, internal rotation with elbow straight. Activity was present in all of these muscles during both components of the pattern. There was no significant difference in activity for the pectoralis major muscle during the flexor as compared to extensor component. The infraspinatus was more active during the flexor component, while the latissimus dorsi was more active during the extensor component. These results could be used in planning a treatment program for patients who are unable to exercise one of their upper extremities and who could benefit from the contralateral effects of upper extremity proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns. PMID- 7267707 TI - Mock clinic. An approach to clinical education. AB - This paper presents a new clinical education experience initiated at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. A Mock Clinic was developed that simulates a real-life physical therapy department: students adopt roles of both physical therapist and patient. Each student is student-therapist and student-patient at least once each session. At the beginning of each session, the student-therapist selects a patient treatment card (containing instructions submitted by academic and clinical faculty members) and a faculty supervisor discusses the role of the patient with the student-patient to assist him in accurately displaying signs and symptoms. The student-therapist alos meets with the faculty supervisor to review the patient and the approach. The student-therapist then "evaluates" and "treats" the student-patient. A group discussion concludes each session. Mock Clinic is a role-playing experience that provides the opportunity for students to see themselves in clinical situations and enables them to learn without involving real clients. Strengths and weaknesses of Mock Clinic identified by all participants are discussed. PMID- 7267708 TI - Receptivity to full-time early clinical education experience. AB - This report describes feedback from clinical instructors, academic faculty members, and students following a part-time to full-time change in the scheduling of early clinical education in the Curriculum in Physical Therapy at the University of Michigan. A questionnaire was distributed to all academic faculty members and students of the physical therapy program and to all center coordinators of clinical education and primary clinical instructors who worked with students during the trial year. Results of the study indicated strong support for the full-time schedule. PMID- 7267709 TI - Physical therapy services in rural hospital settings. PMID- 7267710 TI - Support responses of the cardiovascular system to exercise. Part I. AB - Exercise can be sustained only if there is increased blood flow to those tissues with increased metabolic needs. Blood flow to particular working muscles can be increased either by increasing cardiac output or by redirecting peripheral blood flow. The nature and extent of changes in cardiovascular function that occur during exercise are dependent on the type of exercise, the muscles involved, and the severity of the exercise stress. The normal range of changes in heart rate, stroke volume, and patterns of peripheral blood flow are discussed in relation to different types of exercise stress. PMID- 7267711 TI - Assessment and treatment of the child with mental retardation. Guidelines for the public school therapist. AB - Physical therapists employed in public schools may be responsible for the evaluation and treatment of not only physically handicapped children, but also children who have moderate to severe motor disabilities secondary to mental retardation. The purpose of this article is to suggest appropriate assessment and treatment techniques for these children. General principles of intervention based on neurophysiologic treatment approaches, particularly sensory integration, are described. Examples of specific assessment and treatment strategies are given for visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory-gustatory, proprioceptive-kinesthetic, and vestibular functions. In addition, self-stimulatory behaviors, tests of motor and reflex development, problems in muscle tone and strength, and variations in gait patterns are discussed. PMID- 7267712 TI - Evaluation of exercise training in patients with chronic airway obstruction. AB - The efficacy of an exercise training program should be evaluated by adequate assessment of the patient's physical work capacity before and after training. In this study the effect of a 12-week bicycle training program on the exercise tolerance of 10 patients with chronic airway obstruction was assessed. There was a statistically significant improvement in maximum working capacity and in the distance walked in 12 minutes following training (p less than .02 and p less than .001, respectively). The improvement in work performance was not accompanied by any significant change in forced expiratory volume in one second. At equivalent workloads the ventilation and frequency of breathing were lower following training (p less than .02 and p less than .05, respectively). PMID- 7267714 TI - Physical therapist assistant in a California home health agency. AB - A perpetual shortage of physical therapists qualified to provide home health care exists in Southern California. This paper presents one solution to the problem: the employment of a physical therapist assistant. The preparation, implementation, and evaluation of a program for employing a physical therapist assistant in a home health agency is presented and discussed. The use of the assistant increased the availability of physical therapy, and quality was not adversely affected. The assistant was accepted by staff and derived job satisfaction. We concluded that this assistant was a valuable adjunct to the home health team. Subsequently, The Visiting Nurse Association of Los Angeles employed two additional assistants in 1980. PMID- 7267713 TI - Comparison of two methods of assessing physical performance in patients with chronic airway obstruction. AB - The results of a 12-minute walking test and the maximum working capacity (Wmax) achieved on a bicycle ergometer were compared in 25 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. There was a significant correlation between the distance walked in 12 minutes and the Wmax that each patient could achieve on the bicycle ergometer (r = .68, p less than .001). The maximum oxygen uptake on both tests was not significantly different. PMID- 7267715 TI - Behavior therapy in a gait-training program for a child with myelomeningocele. A case report. AB - A behavior therapy program consisting of positive reinforcement contingent upon walking with braces and crutches was conducted with a four and one-half-year-old child with myelomeningocele. Behavioral physical therapy was begun first in the clinic setting and then in the home. Follow-up clinic assessments document maintenance of functionally independent ambulation over a seven-month period. The results support the efficacy of using behavioral techniques in a physical therapy program for a child with myelomeningocele. The need for further research and development of physical therapy programs using behavioral techniques is briefly discussed. PMID- 7267716 TI - Timing of articulatory control in the production of plosives. AB - EMG data from the musculus palatoglossus and the m. levator veli palatini as well as velograph recordings of velic movement in the production of plosives in German are discussed. The results point to the articulation of lenis plosives being controlled by a slower raising and a faster lowering of the velum than in the case of fortis plosives, within a fairly constant time frame for the complete movement. A simple neural programme is postulated consisting of a control for the macro-timing and for two movement patterns within it. PMID- 7267717 TI - Mechanism in the control of speech rate. AB - Mechanisms of speech rate control are discussed from the point of view that unidimensional models are inadequate to explain the extensive physiological and acoustical effects observed during changes in speech rate. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that changes in speech rate can result in changes in segmental duration, articulatory displacement, articulatory velocity, and intrasyllabic coarticulation, and that these changes represent nonlinear transformations produced by a reorganization of speech motor strategies. PMID- 7267718 TI - Some effects of speaking rate on phonetic perception. AB - This paper reviews a series of studies on the effects of variation in speaking rate on phonetic perception, in particular, on the identification of /b/ and /w/ in syllable-initial position. The major finding of these studies was that in a variety of tasks listeners adjusted for speaking rate when using the duration of the initial formant transitions to distinguish between /b/ and /w/: At slower rates of speech, a longer transition was needed to hear /w/ rather than /b/, and conversely at faster rates of speech. This effect occurred when rate was specified by the duration and acoustic-phonetic structure of the syllable containing the target consonant and, to a more limited extent, when it was specified by the duration of a subsequent syllable. Moreover, the influence of syllable duration on the processing of transition duration was also evident in young, prearticulate infants, suggesting that at least the rudiments of a system that provides perceptual constancy across rate is part of the linguistic endowment of the infant. PMID- 7267719 TI - Temporal information processing in speech perception. AB - For a set of formal rules for the phonetic interpretation of speech during its perception one should have data concerning a possible structure and parameters of a subjective mechanism for processing temporal information, from segmenting the speech signal to making phonetic decisions. At present such data cannot be found in the literature. An attempt has been made to find out more about some parts of the subjective mechanism of duration measurement and comparison by studying the perception of tempo changes in short sound sequences. Running or 'momentary' tempo is shown to be the feature of tempo change perception, and possible procedures for its detection have been tested. A computational technique for getting the quantitative parameters of the mechanism is briefly described. PMID- 7267720 TI - Interarticulator programming in obstruent production. AB - Most work on speech motor control has been devoted to the spatial and temporal coordination of articulatory movements for successive units, segments or syllables, in the speech chain. An intrasegmental temporal domain has generally been lacking in speech production models, but such a domain is necessary at least for certain classes of speech sounds, e.g., voiceless obstruents, clicks, ejectives. The present paper examines the nature of laryngeal-oral coordination in voiceless obstruent production in different languages using the combined techniques of electromyography, transillumination and fiberoptic filming of the larynx together with aerodynamic and palatographic records for information on supralaryngeal articulations. The results suggest that laryngeal articulatory movements are organized in one or more continuous opening and closing gestures that are precisely coordinated with supralaryngeal events according to the aerodynamic requirements of speech production. PMID- 7267721 TI - A relationship between coarticulation and compensatory shortening. AB - A comparison of the literatures on coarticulatory influences of a stressed vowel on consonants and unstressed vowels and on 'compensatory shortening' of stressed vowels in the contexts of consonants and unstressed vowels suggests that the two timing effects may be related. An experiment was conducted to provide an explicit comparison and to test a hypothesis that compensatory shortening and coarticulation are not separate timing phenomenona. The two timing effects were found to pattern very similarly and both to be predicted by Lindblom and Rapp's compensatory shortening formula. 5 of 6 subjects showed significant correlations between coarticulation and shortening. PMID- 7267722 TI - Temporal aspects of speech production: anticipatory labial coarticulation. AB - This research attempts to define the temporal extent of anticipatory labial coarticulation and the effect on rounding onset of a stressed nonround vowel temporally prior to the rounded vowel. The results suggest that the onset on the labial rounding gesture is controlled in relation to the temporal extent of the nonlabial duration preceding the rounded vowel and that the onset of activity for the rounded vowel is somehow related to the stress of the preceding nonround vowel. These results argue against the classic articulatory syllable model as well as against a concept of the onset of rounding being temporally locked to the rounded vowel. They can be argued to support a look-ahead or scanning model. PMID- 7267723 TI - Temporal organization of articulatory movements as a multidimensional phrasal structure. AB - Recently obtained data from X-ray microbeam experiments indicate inherently multidimensional articulatory phenomena with respect to temporal characteristics of speech. Elementary gestures in different articulatory dimensions for phonetic elements, typically representing demisyllabic transitions, constitute the content of a phrasal frame. PMID- 7267724 TI - A temporal model of speech production. AB - Existing models of speech production and coarticulation have failed to account for observations of real speech because they have considered timing to be a by product of articulatory events instead of an integral organizing parameter of the speech motor plan. The model offered here considers time and timing relationships to be intrinsic to speech motor organization and the units of speech to be inherently dynamic gestures rather than static vocal tract configurations or invariant commands to the articulators. PMID- 7267725 TI - The effect of pH on the fluorescence of complexes of human serum albumin and bovine serum albumin with bilirubin. PMID- 7267726 TI - Selective inactivation of microsomal drug metabolizing proteins by visible light. PMID- 7267727 TI - Photoallergic contact dermatitis to musk ambrette: action spectra in guinea pigs and man. PMID- 7267728 TI - Relationship of the cell cycle to sunburn cell formation. PMID- 7267729 TI - Light: an information source for circadian clocks. PMID- 7267730 TI - Entrainment of human circadian rhythms by light-dark cycles: a reassessment. PMID- 7267731 TI - Effects of phasic and tonic light inputs on the circadian organization of the squirrel monkey. PMID- 7267732 TI - Pathways for photic entrainment of mammalian circadian rhythms. PMID- 7267733 TI - A personal dosimeter for biologically effective solar UV-B radiation. PMID- 7267734 TI - A MgWO4 photoconverter-based personnel UV-B dosimeter. PMID- 7267735 TI - Reversible inactivation of horse liver aldehyde dehydrogenase by 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide. AB - Incubation of horse liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldehyde:NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.3) with 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide formed mixed-disulfides between protein sulfhydryl groups and beta-mercaptoethanol. Reduction of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity may be associated with formation of one, or at most two, mixed disulfides per dehydrogenase subunit. Characteristically in the case of a mixed disulfide, inactivation was was reversed by addition of thiols. Other disulfides also inactivated aldehyde dehydrogenase. The pseudo first-order rate constants for the forward and reverse reactions (aldehyde dehydrogenase + 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide in equilibrium or formed from modified aldehyde dehydrogenase + beta mercaptoethanol) were 0.70 and 2 liter mole-1 sec-1, respectively. The equilibrium constant was approximately 0.4. After extended incubation under conditions expected to result in complete modification of aldehyde dehydrogenase, 30% of the initial catalytic activity remained. This suggests that 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide-treated aldehyde dehydrogenase retains catalytic activity and that the sulfhydryl group modified by 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide is not essential for aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 7267736 TI - Preferential localized uptake of K+ and Cs+ over Na+ in the A-band of freeze dried embedded muscle section: detection by x-ray microanalysis and laser microprobe mass analysis. AB - Sections of freeze-dried embedded frog muscle were exposed to aqueous solutions containing various combinations of the salts LiCl, NaCl, KCl, and CsCl. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and laser microprobe mass analysis of these sections showed selective and preferential accumulation of K+ (and Cs+) over Na+ on specific protein sites in the A-bands. The selectivity coefficient exceeded 10 and involved a total K+ accumulation of about 40 mmoles/kg (in comparison with a value of about 80 mmoles/kg in normal living frog muscle). These findings support the view that selective K+ adsorption on intracellular proteins is the primary cause of selective accumulation of K+ in living cells. PMID- 7267737 TI - 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic study of rat organs. AB - Proton signals of "organic" compounds (other than water) were observed in rat organs such as lung, heart, liver, kidney, and spleen and identified as lipids and glucose by 13C NMR study. T1 of the water protons in these organs was measured by Fourier transform to eliminate contribution from the "organic" protons. Observed T1 values for the organs were liver less than spleen approximately equal to lung, in good accordance with values of the free water contents of those organs determined by thermal analysis. From these and other results it is concluded that 1H NMR spectroscopy can be a useful probe for the study of organs in both normal and pathophysiological states of experimental animals and human beings. PMID- 7267738 TI - Frequency analysis in the cochlea and the traveling wave of von Bekesy. AB - Certain experimental data are difficult to reconcile with von Bekesy's traveling wave concept as operative at low energy inputs; i.e., at threshold or near threshold of hearing. These data, ranging from energy-input values to anatomical and psychoacoustic observations, indicate the possibility of alternative or additional modes of molecular transduction. One such mode is proposed, based on experimental evidence. PMID- 7267739 TI - Dose-dependent reduction of hereditary obesity in the non-diabetic mouse by polymeric prostaglandin PGBx. AB - Mice genetically obese but not diabetic show large reductions of excessive body weight and excessive food intake when treated with polymeric prostaglandin PGBx. Larger doses of PGBx produce greater reduction of both body weight and food consumption, in agreement with dose-dependent effects of PGBx observed previously in the genetically diabetic mouse. Only minor effects of PGBx on blood glucose were observed. This suggests that PGBx effects on obesity and appetite are not mediated through a blood glucose mechanism. PMID- 7267740 TI - Osmotic effects of tubulin (brain contractile protein) polymerization. A possible role in cell salt and water regulation. AB - Polymerization changes of tubulin (a contractile protein of brain) induced by temperature increase from 4 degrees C to 25 degrees C caused a large (85%) decrease in measured osmotic pressure of the tubulin. This indicates that contractile proteins within cells may be expected to play a significant role in cell osmotic equilibria. PMID- 7267741 TI - Measurement of enzymatic activation energy by continuous heating with microwaves. AB - A microwave heating method and an associated numerical method for computing the reaction velocities in a single experiment are proposed for rapid determination of the activation energy of enzymatic reactions. Application of this new technique to different enzymatic reactions is reported. PMID- 7267742 TI - Interactions among DNA, metallic ions, and lipids. AB - Interactions amond DNA, phospholipids, and Cu2+ ions have been investigated by means of thermal denaturation technique. The results indicate that phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin interact with Cu2+ ions, which are able to prevent the chance of binding of the phospholipids to the double helix. This interaction is strictly dependent upon the concentration of the divalent cation and reduces the capability of the employed phospholipids to modify the thermal stability of DNA. PMID- 7267743 TI - A comprehensive theory of anesthesia. PMID- 7267744 TI - Immunologic reactions carried out at high altitude at a liquid-solid interface. PMID- 7267745 TI - Effect of sex steroids on the reproductive behavior of castrated male ring doves (Streptopelia sp.). PMID- 7267747 TI - Neonatal androgenic influences on masculine ultrasonic vocalizations of Mongolian gerbils. PMID- 7267746 TI - Changes in salt intake after abdominal vagotomy: evidence for hepatic sodium receptors. PMID- 7267748 TI - Taste-evoked drinking in the rat: the influence on maintenance diet. PMID- 7267749 TI - Elicitation of ejaculation and penile reflexes in spinal male rats by peripheral electric shock. PMID- 7267750 TI - Auditory nerve, brainstem and cortical response correlates of learning capacity. PMID- 7267751 TI - Discrimination and generalization among reagent grade odorants by tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum). PMID- 7267752 TI - Hypertension, social rank, and aortic arteriosclerosis in CBA/J mice. PMID- 7267753 TI - The effects of liver denervation on food and water intake in the rat. PMID- 7267754 TI - Gastric fat content and satiety. PMID- 7267755 TI - Ethanol selection in wild-trapped agouti and laboratory albino Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). PMID- 7267756 TI - Stomach mucosal lesions in stressed rats with and without post-stress rest. PMID- 7267757 TI - Maximal REM sleep time defines a narrower thermoneutral zone than does minimal metabolic rate. PMID- 7267758 TI - Separation-induced early malnutrition: maternal, physiological and behavioral effects. PMID- 7267759 TI - Refractoriness of neurons subserving circling following stimulation of the median raphe region in the rat. PMID- 7267760 TI - Gustatory reaction time in human adults. PMID- 7267761 TI - A simple device detecting onset time of taste stimulation. PMID- 7267764 TI - Modified running wheel for continuous recording of locomotor and ingestive related behaviors. PMID- 7267762 TI - Sleep-waking electrocorticographic rhythms in chronic cerveau isole rats. PMID- 7267763 TI - Neurophysiological evidence of movement of chronically-implanted fine wire electrodes in recordings of field potentials in hippocampus. PMID- 7267765 TI - A fully automated open-field apparatus incorporating rearing detection. PMID- 7267766 TI - Schedule-induced polydipsia in F1 generation of wild/domestic Norway rats. PMID- 7267767 TI - Increasing dosages of estradiol benzoate activate equivalent degrees of sexual receptivity in gonadectomized male and female ferrets. PMID- 7267768 TI - Task parameter effects on the performance of rats with unilateral hypothalamic lesions. PMID- 7267769 TI - Limited sparing a function on spatial delayed alternation after two-stage lesions of prefrontal cortex in the rat. PMID- 7267770 TI - Prenatally injected testosterone propionate and sexual behavior of female rats. PMID- 7267771 TI - Heat-induced saliva secretion and thermoregulation in female rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. PMID- 7267772 TI - Preference for natural odors in rat pups: implications of a failure to replicate. PMID- 7267773 TI - Rats undernourished as infants differ from controls in learning about a compound but not a simple discriminative stimulus. PMID- 7267774 TI - Amphetamine and increases in current intensity modulate reward in the hypothalamus and substantia nigra but not in the prefrontal cortex. PMID- 7267775 TI - Pattern of rewarding stimulation affects the development of conditioned taste preferences. PMID- 7267778 TI - Effects of scopolamine on radial maze performance in rats. PMID- 7267776 TI - Effect of surgical or photoperiodic castration, testosterone replacement or pinealectomy on male hamster running rhythmicity. PMID- 7267777 TI - Cold-adaptation and parent-young interactions of wild house mice, Mus musculus. PMID- 7267779 TI - The effects of avoidance and conflict schedules on the blood pressure and heart rate of rats. PMID- 7267780 TI - Somatomotor related hippocampal rhythmic slow activity in the monkey (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 7267782 TI - A chronic, moveable nonrotating electrode for brain stimulation in the rat. PMID- 7267781 TI - Dorsal midline thalamus, pretectum and responses to diffuse light in the rat. PMID- 7267783 TI - A stepping switch for use in neurophysiologic research. PMID- 7267784 TI - Glucoregulatory feeding in cats. PMID- 7267785 TI - Enhancing the effectiveness of behavioral treatments of essential hypertension. PMID- 7267786 TI - The role of reinforcement and motivation in biofeedback performance. PMID- 7267787 TI - Generalization of conditioned blood pressure elevations: schedule and stimulus control effects. PMID- 7267789 TI - Effects of housing on corticosterone rhythm and stress responses in female mice. PMID- 7267788 TI - Acquired blood pressure control: a status report. PMID- 7267790 TI - Modulation of food intake by amygdaloid estradiol benzoate implants in female rats. PMID- 7267791 TI - Odorant discrimination by tiger salamanders after combined olfactory and vomeronasal nerve cuts. PMID- 7267792 TI - Sensory specific satiety in man. PMID- 7267793 TI - Attenuation of shock-induced ulcers after lesions in the medial amygdala. PMID- 7267794 TI - Effect of lithium intake on sodium and lithium appetite in sodium deficient cattle. PMID- 7267795 TI - Cholecystokinin satiety and orosensory feedback. PMID- 7267796 TI - Trigeminal contribution to the head righting reflex. PMID- 7267797 TI - Sex differences in the effects of high-fat feeding on behavior and carcass composition. PMID- 7267798 TI - Electroconvulsive shock effects on food and water intake as a function of prior deprivational state. PMID- 7267799 TI - A new swivel for double infusion of fluids into rats. PMID- 7267800 TI - Rewarding effect of noradrenergic stimulation of the amygdala in food deprived rats. PMID- 7267801 TI - Circadian organization of food intake and meal patterns in the rat. PMID- 7267802 TI - Comparison of taste qualities and thresholds of D- and L-amino acids. PMID- 7267803 TI - Drinking by rats following sodium depletion or sodium load. PMID- 7267804 TI - Effects of suprageniculate lesions on temporal pattern discrimination in the cat. PMID- 7267805 TI - Palatability of sugar solutions and dietary selection? PMID- 7267806 TI - An acute drinking response in hens induced by thermal stimuli. PMID- 7267807 TI - Toxic heat as a UCS in conditioning in internal and external milieus in rats. PMID- 7267808 TI - An effect of photoperiod history on reproductive function and a circadian rhythm of blind male hamsters. PMID- 7267809 TI - Prevention and correction of hypertrophic scarring in post-burns deformity. PMID- 7267810 TI - Pressure garments in the treatment of axillary burns contracture. PMID- 7267811 TI - Correlation between specific plasmids and delta-endotoxin production in Bacillus thuringiensis. PMID- 7267812 TI - Simple procedure for distinguishing CCC, OC, and L forms of plasmid DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7267813 TI - Corrective rhinoplasty before puberty: a long-term follow-up. AB - Our experience with corrective rhinoplasty performed between 8 and 12 years of age in 44 patients is presented. The operation included lateral and central osteotomies as well as adjustments of the alar cartilages and, in a few cases, septoplasty. Thirty-six patients had deformities associated with cleft lip; five had nasal trauma early in life; two had hemangioma; and one had a congenital large nose. The patients have been followed for a minimum of 5 years and a maximum of 8 years, and all were at least 15 years old at the time of evaluation. Photographic and physical anthropometric serial studies were used for assessment. The results of corrective rhinoplasty early in life are comparable in this series with the results of this operation when growth is complete. Nasal and facial growth were not altered when a complete, conservative, aesthetic rhinoplasty was performed before 12 years of age. The evidence from our series shows no contraindication for nasal correction in children when the psychological problems originated by a severe deformity at that difficult age can be prevented or alleviated. PMID- 7267814 TI - Vascular implantation into skin flap: experimental study and clinical application: a preliminary report. PMID- 7267815 TI - The effect of local anesthesia and epinephrine on the size of cryolesions in the experimental animal. AB - Using the pig as an experimental animal, cryolesions were made 20 minutes after injecting the freeze sites with either saline, 1% Lidocaine, or 1% lidocaine with Epinephrine 1:100,000. The size of the cryolesion was measured 1 week later by injecting the animal with a vital dye and measuring the nonstained areas with a compensating planimeter. Saline and lidocaine had no consistent effect on the size of the necrotic tissue produced by freezing, but epinephrine significantly augmented (47 percent) the killing effectiveness of cryosurgery. If local anesthesia is to be used for cryosurgery, it should contain a vasoconstricting agent. PMID- 7267816 TI - A practical model of secondary lymphedema in dogs. PMID- 7267817 TI - Correction of a lower eyelid deformity caused by multiple extrusions of alloplastic orbital floor implants. AB - The case of a young woman is presented in whom a silicone orbital floor implant became extruded into the maxillary sinus 8 years after its insertion for an orbital floor fracture. Two subsequent attempts at correction using silicone only compounded the problem. Ultimate correction, in two stages, required (1) an iliac bone graft to the infraorbital rim and orbital floor defects, along with a temporal muscle flap and nasal antrostomy; and (2) an upper lateral cartilage chondromucosal graft and a full-thickness postauricular skin graft. A warning is sounded against the use of alloplastic materials for major orbital floor defects, particularly when there have been problems with these materials. PMID- 7267818 TI - A simple sling method for support and aeration of burned legs. PMID- 7267819 TI - Twenty-five year evaluation of external halo fixation for severe maxillofacial injuries. PMID- 7267820 TI - Innervation of the nipple-areola complex. PMID- 7267821 TI - Recurrent basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7267822 TI - The Davol dermatome in animals. PMID- 7267823 TI - Is postpartum atrophy of the breast an iatrogenic disease? PMID- 7267824 TI - Comparisons between the abilities of various human and ovine plasmas to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. AB - The ability of various human and ovine blood plasmas to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in vitro has been tested. Human plasmas were significantly more potent in their ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis than their counterpart ovine plasmas. In general, female plasma had greater inhibitory activities than male plasmas and adult plasmas were more active than fetal plasmas. There was no simple correlation between the activity of plasmas as inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis and their respective albumin or haptoglobin contents. PMID- 7267825 TI - Effects of indomethacin treatment of human peripheral blood monocytes. AB - Indomethacin treatment (3-8 daily doses of 100 mg) to patients resulted in an increased level of peripheral blood monocytes, as compared to the initial values measured in each individual subject before taking the drug. Normal levels were resumed after the treatment stopped. The idea that these observations were related to the drug treatment per se and not superimposed by the arthritis was verified by the fact that similar results were obtained in healthy volunteers taking this drug. PMID- 7267826 TI - The effect of cigarette smoke on the metabolism of arachidonic acid to myotropic compounds in rat and hamster isolated lungs. AB - Perfusion effluent from isolated rat and hamster lungs caused a relaxation of superfused strip of bovine coronary artery (BCA). This relaxation was abolished by pulmonary infusion of indomethacin. Pre-exposure of rats and hamsters to cigarette smoke during half an hour before the lung perfusion did not change the degree of this initial relaxation of BCA. Injection of 10 micrograms of sodium arachidonate (AA) into the pulmonary circulation of isolated hamster lungs caused a contraction of BCA, which was not changed by cigarette smoke pre-exposure. When AA (10 micrograms) was injected into the pulmonary circulation of isolated hamster lungs during cigarette smoke ventilation the contractions of superfused BCA and rat stomach strip (RSS) were not significantly different from those during the preceding and following air ventilation. In experiments with isolated rat lungs the initial relaxation of superfused BCA was accompanied by a contraction of superfused RSS. AA injection (10 micrograms) into rat lungs caused a further relaxation of BCA and contraction of RSS, which were abolished by pulmonary infusion of indomethacin. Cigarette smoke ventilation of isolated rat lungs caused a relaxation of superfused BCA, which was not abolished by indomethacin. During cigarette smoke ventilation injection of AA (10 micrograms) into the pulmonary circulation of rat lungs caused a relaxation of BCA and a contraction of RSS. The present study indicates that neither cigarette smoke ventilation nor pre-exposure to cigarette smoke has a drastic effect on the metabolism of arachidonic acid to myotropic compounds in isolated hamster and rat lungs. PMID- 7267827 TI - Development of the chick embryo following PGE1 treatment. AB - Chick embryos were treated with prostaglandin E1 (10, 20, 30, and 50 micrograms) at 48 and 72 hours incubation. Live embryos were recovered on day 9, staged, and examined for external malformations after weighing. There was no significant increase in embryonic mortality and malformation rates compared to the controls. Embryonic growth was also not affected. PMID- 7267828 TI - Embryopathic effects of thromboxane B2 in the chick. AB - Several prostaglandins of the E and F series are now known to be involved in reproduction and developmental events. However, there is as yet no such evidence for any of the other arachidonate metabolites. Thromboxane B2 is the stable metabolic end product of the biologically active but unstable intermediate thromboxane A. Administered to developing chick embryos at 48 and 72 hours incubation, thromboxane B2 caused growth retardation and induced a high incidence of anomalies, in particular, everted viscera. PMID- 7267829 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E1, E2 or indomethacin on serum parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in the rat. AB - Infusion of 100 or 200 ng/min of Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or of 100 ng/min of PGE2 increased serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the rat. These infusions, however, had no significant effect on serum calcitonin (CT). Administration of 10 mg/kg of indomethacin for 3 days had no significant effect on basal serum PTH, CT or Calcium (Ca). EDTA infusion increased serum PTH to a similar degree in the vehicle- or indomethacin-treated rats. Therefore, endogenous prostaglandins do not appear to play a role in the secretion of PTH or CT. PMID- 7267830 TI - Aspirin inhibits Ca2+-stimulated fatty acid release from human washed platelets. AB - Ca2+ at 2mM concentration stimulates the release of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from intact washed platelets incubated at 37 degrees C with stirring. Aspirin at a concentration of 0.4 mM inhibits both cyclo-oxygenase activity and fatty acid efflux induced by Ca2+. Thus, in intact washed platelets, aspirin reduces formation of cyclo-oxygenase products by direct inhibition of the enzyme and by reducing the availability of precursor arachidonate. PMID- 7267831 TI - [Visual perception, handedness and hemispheric lateralization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267832 TI - [A case of Nasu-Hakola's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267833 TI - [Clinical type of dementia in the aged]. PMID- 7267834 TI - [A case of the frontal type of Pick disease --with special reference to the frontal lobe syndrome and "running-away" behavior (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267835 TI - [Psychiatric emergency services in Bokutoh Metropolitan General Hospital; some statistical data and follow-up study (first report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267836 TI - [The two clinical types of chronic depression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267837 TI - [Studies on the situational factors affecting the effect of psychotropic drugs. II. Circadian fluctuation of sedative and anti-apomorphine effects of chlorpromazine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267838 TI - Effect of acute or chronic pentobarbital administration on the steady state levels and the turnover rates of catecholamines in discrete brain areas of mice. PMID- 7267839 TI - Communication from the viewpoint of the European Regional Reference Center. PMID- 7267840 TI - The role of information exchange in psychopharmacology. PMID- 7267841 TI - Ethanol as the negative reinforcer in an active avoidance paradigm. PMID- 7267842 TI - Effects of a piperazine derivative piribedil, on exploration, locomotor activity and social behaviour in the rat. PMID- 7267843 TI - The effects of amoxapine and ethanol on psychomotor skills related to driving: a placebo and standard controlled study. PMID- 7267844 TI - Chronic haloperidol treatment fails to alter the anorexic actions of dopaminergic agonists and cholinergic drugs. PMID- 7267845 TI - Decreased tryptophan availability in endogenous depression caused by disturbed plasma leucine clearance. PMID- 7267846 TI - Stress induced facilitation of opiate catalepsy in the rat: a reply to R.J. Katz. PMID- 7267847 TI - [A study on the prevention of recurrences of affective diseases using lithium]. PMID- 7267848 TI - [Experiences in the determination of brain death]. AB - The experience gained in the ascertainment of the brain death in 45 cases permits to draw the following conclusions: 1. The irreversible functional loss of the brain is in the first place diagnosed on the basis of the clinical-neurological findings. 2. The clinical ascertainment of the brain death requires a considerable amount of experience and should be carried out jointly by neurologists and anaesthesiologists. 3. By using cerebral angiography for proving the arrest of the cerebral circulation it is possible to ascertain the brain death earlier, to cut the pending time and to carry out a possibly envisaged removal of an organ in the period before the dropping of temperature and blood pressure. PMID- 7267849 TI - [The value of the electroencephalogram for the diagnosis of early childhood brain damage]. AB - Among 406 children with anamnestically and clinically verified infantile brain damage, 356 (87.7%) showed a pathologically changed EEG. In the coordination to clinical symptoms and syndromes, the frequency of the pathological EEG findings was greatest in the group of children suffering from cerebral convulsions (96.7%). It can be derived from the results that the EEG as a method of examination that does not produce any stress and can be carried out in every child is particularly well suited for the verification of the diagnosis of an infantile brain damage. PMID- 7267850 TI - [Configuration-frequency-analytical assessment of psychometric procedures in brain damage diagnosis]. AB - In a study of 462 neurological patients, the psychodiagnostic procedures of a tachistoscopic examination of the figure-ground differentiation, test dz and Bourdon-Wiersma test were assessed configuration-frequency-analytically. It was found that the procedure configuration of conspicuous tachistoscopie findings with a distinct slowing-down in the Bourdon-Wiersma test as well as reduced values in the test d2 (GZ--F) among all examined configuration indicate most clearly a cerebro-organic impairment. PMID- 7267851 TI - [The emotional significance of selected concepts in a group of patients with early and chronic schizophrenia (a comparative study) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267852 TI - [Analysis of selected data concerning patients first hospitalized for schizophrenia between 1971 and 1975 in the city and the province of Lublin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267853 TI - [Ingratiatory behaviour in paranoid schizophrenics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267854 TI - [Changes in the socio-demographic structure of populations of patients first hospitalized for schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267855 TI - [Comparison of responses on selected clinical scales in patients with depressive syndromes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267857 TI - [Studies of the structure and dynamics of neurotic syndromes initiating schizophrenic processes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267856 TI - [A proposal for a more precise modification of the Plutchik scale for geriatric evaluation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267858 TI - [A pharmacogenous type of cataleptic reaction in the course of treatment for schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267860 TI - Organizational and client influences on psychiatric admissions. AB - This paper analyzes the decisions which take place at the entrance gate of the mental hospital-the organizational and client factors which influence the decision to admit. More specifically, it explores variations in the determinants between first admissions and readmissions. In the process, a theoretical model will be developed, based on a study of admissions to state hospitals, which may help explain several of the underlying and continuing obstacles confronting efforts to reduce readmissions. PMID- 7267859 TI - The dynamics of help-seeking in men and women: a national survey study. AB - This paper will integrate a number of intriguing results from a study of help seeking in a national representative sample of Americans. It began as a search for an explanation of why women seek professional help at a greater rate than men. I expected two general findings: various facets of demoralization would be correlated with the search for help in both men and women; and women would express more demoralization than men. The results were not so straightforward. As the analyses unfolded, especially as education and age differences were also considered, it became increasingly clear that help-seeking is not singularly dependent on feelings of demoralization and that women are not necessarily more distressed about facets of their lives that should contribute to demoralization. I have attempted to develop a more complex model of professional help-seeking for both men and women suggested by the findings of this study. PMID- 7267862 TI - From wife to family head: transitions in self-identity. AB - Divorce and separation introduce extensive changes in the lives of married mothers. Their role as wife ends and, without the economic and social supports afforded by the marital institution, their role as mother is disrupted (Kohen, Brown, and Feldberg 1979). In turn they become heads of their families, a role discontinuous both with their socialization and marital experience and with the structure of their access to respect, status, jobs, and income from public institutions. Previous reports have emphasized the former changes-those which result from the loss of marriage (Bloom, White, and Asher 1979). Little attention has been devoted to the implications of changes demanded by the organization of post-divorce life. The contention of this study is that both must be considered in understanding the social and emotional consequences that follow the break-up of marriage. This paper focuses on them as dimensions within a general model of role change. The analysis assumes that roles provide the organizational bases for self-identity (Brim 1960; Turner 1978) and therefore, that self-identity will reflect the institutional patterns and personal experiences that are incorporated within the process of role change. Divorce is treated as an event occurring within the transition from married motherhood to single parenthood. PMID- 7267861 TI - Psychoanalytic contributions to the generation of creativity in children. AB - This paper describes the major characteristics of the concept of creativity: (1) originality and uniqueness, (2) comprehensibility to others, (3) utility, (4) generalizability to allied and other fields, (5) a capacity for continued and repeated creative outputs in similar and/or different fields, and (6) a capacity to stimulate others to artistic, literary, or scientific originality. Consideration is given to out limited current knowledge of hereditary factors contributing to creativity, in contrast to familial factors which are likely to include environmental contributions. A review follows of psychiatric and psychoanalytic observations on the enhancement or inhibition, during child development, of the innate capacity to be creative in children and adults. In regard to the development of creative prowess, emphasis is placed on the importance of preserving and encouraging the use of primary-process thinking in children so that this mental activity can be called upon at will. Emphasized also is the importance of the availability of examples of creative ability in parental behavior as well as in the kinship and social networks to which the child is exposed. The encouragement of analogical thinking and imagination in children and the development of the ability to turn on and off such mental activity by secondary-process thinking is stressed. Hence, in the enhancement of the creative process in children, catalytic parent-child rearing and exposure to creative people are key elements. Three brief case examples are given in which the creative potential was blocked or inhibited and later released by psychoanalytic psychotherapy. PMID- 7267863 TI - The maintenance of order on an adolescent inpatient unit: an analysis of work on the evening shift. AB - This paper attempts to explain a subset of aggressive interactions between a group of staff members and male adolescent inpatients in a large residential mental health facility. The interactions center around staff use of physical confrontation as a method of managing contranormative or noncompliant patient behaviors. My explanation is based on the notion that certain system variables- i.e., the importance for some staff to demonstrate their competence as effective crisis managers--may promote and support a staff culture of confrontation. Four concepts are used to analyze this culture of confrontation: (a) shift style, (b) shift role, (c) staff values, and (d) group character. In making use of these concepts, the analysis is able to incorporate aspects of aggression in institutional settings which remain anomalous in many accepted theories and to indicate a possible means of reducing staff confrontation. Evidence for this view is derived mainly from participant observation data. PMID- 7267864 TI - Castration fantasies and assertiveness in father-absent males. AB - In a previous report (Shill 1981), father-absence was linked to insecurity in core male gender identity in a nonclinical sample of college males. The present paper describes further aspects of the experimental use of projective techniques, based on psychoanalytic theory and clinical discussions, to assess the effect of father-absence on male personality development. Castration fantasies and sense of competence in the mastery of external reality as an index of masculine self representation were coded from the projective test responses of 103 father present and 28 father-absent college males. When given a choice of castrating figure at the human or animal level, all subjects identified the human mother rather than the father as the more frightening castrating figure. Father-absent subjects, however, identified the animal mother as the more frightening castrating figure, compared to the animal father, more frequently than the father present subjects, suggesting a denial and displacement of castration fear toward the human mother onto the animal substitute. The father-absent subjects also evidence significantly less sense of mastery, suggesting less self-assertiveness and sense of competence than the father-present controls. The importance of identification with the father as the basis for a masculine ego style and of father absence as a developmental interference affecting the appropriate management of aggression in males is discussed. PMID- 7267865 TI - The self and the ego. AB - Freud intentionally used Das Ich to refer to both the "self" and an abstract metapsychological system. In English, the separation of the terms "self" and "ego" has led to major problems. The word self, taken in its everyday sense, is necessarily ubiquitous in psychoanalysis. But its reflexive nature makes it impossible to define except as a series of fantasies. Self has no other place as a theoretical word. What the analysand calls his self the analyst calls ego, which is definable, either in the sense of what can be known about the analysand's experience, or as a nonexperiential abstraction. PMID- 7267866 TI - On the psychoanalytic theory of instinctual drives. III: The complications of libido and narcissism. AB - This is the third in a series of papers scrutinizing the development of Freud's theory of instinctual drives. Freud's formal statement of the libido theory and "extension of the libido to the ego" are reviewed and compared with his other propositions on instinctual drives and psychic structure. PMID- 7267867 TI - On the psychoanalytic theory of instinctual drives. IV: Instinctual drives and the ego-id-superego model. AB - Freud's work on instinctual drives from 1916 to 1939 is reviewed and related to his earlier drive and structure propositions. A summary of the series of four papers on the evolution of Freud's drive theory is presented. PMID- 7267868 TI - Epidemiology and depression. PMID- 7267869 TI - Ego-psychopathology: the concept and its empirical evaluation. PMID- 7267870 TI - An evaluation of the Feighner criteria for schizophrenia and affective disorders using long-term outcome data. AB - Schizophrenia and affective disorders selected according to the Feighner criteria can be differentiated on the basis of 40-year outcome. Within schizophrenia the presence of disorganized thoughts at the index admission was associated with poor outcome, whereas better outcome was associated with the presence of delusions or hallucinations. Within the affective disorders, bipolar patients with grandiose delusions or ideas showed a poor outcome; a better outcome was found in unipolar patients with complaints of fatiguability or tiredness at the time of the index admission. PMID- 7267871 TI - Some social and phenomenological characteristics of psychotic immigrants. AB - Various studies have shown: (i) increased rates of psychoses in immigrants to Britain, and a particularly high rate of schizophrenia in the West Indian- and West African-born; and (ii) a greater proportion of atypical psychoses in immigrants. A retrospective study of psychotic inpatients from a London psychiatric unit demonstrated increased rates of schizophrenia in patients from the Caribbean and West Africa. These patients included a high proportion of those with paranoid and religious phenomenology, those with frequent changes of diagnosis, formal admissions, and married women. The West Indian-born had been in Britain for nearly 10 years before first seeing a psychiatrist and, if they had an illness with religious symptomatology, were likely to have been in hospital for only 3 weeks. Rates of schizophrenia without paranoid phenomenology were similar in each ethnic group. It is suggested that the increase in the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the West Indian-born, and possibly in the West African-born, may be due in part to the occurrence of acute psychotic reactions which are diagnosed as schizophrenia. PMID- 7267872 TI - Acute psychotic reactions in Caribbean-born patients. AB - A prospective study of patients with religious delusions identified 24 West Indian and West African patients. Those who had none of Schneider's first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia (principally West Indians) differed from those who did by virtue of early religious commitment, life-long religious experiences, an acute admission precipitated by social events, a greater chance of having their diagnosis changed, less than 10 different PSE syndromes, the absence of 'twentieth-century' delusions, and the presentation of malevolent witchcraft as the sole explanation of the episode. It is suggested that this group can usefully be considered as demonstrating an acute psychotic reaction of the type previously described in Africa and the Caribbean. PMID- 7267873 TI - Psychological symptom levels in Indian immigrants to England--a comparison with native English. AB - A national community survey of psychological symptom levels among samples of Indian immigrants and natives is reported. Using a quasi-random sampling procedure, a sample of 200 Indian-born residents of large towns in England was selected to match the age and sex structure of the total Indian immigrant population. An indigenous population, selected in the same way, was matched with the immigrants for comparison purposes. Psychological disturbance was measured with the Langner 22-Item Scale which has previously been specifically validated for use in this context. Other indices were constructed to test specific hypotheses. The pattern revealed by mental hospital admission statistics was strongly supported by the survey. Indian immigrants as a group experience far less psychological disorder than natives, despite the experiences of migration and of being an immigrant. On other measures Indians also manifested an adjustment superior to that of natives. Among the Indian sample stable psychological adjustment was related to being young at migration, being acculturated to life in England and being socially integrated. A subgroup of higher social status, Indian females who had been upwardly socially mobile, emerged as the only group with a higher than average symptom level. However, even this group was at least as well adjusted as its English counterpart. PMID- 7267874 TI - Persistent auditory hallucinations: coping mechanisms and implications for management. AB - The strategies used by 40 chronic schizophrenic out-patients with persistent auditory hallucinations to cope with the intrusive phenomena were explored. Frequent coping mechanisms included changes in activity, interpersonal contact, manipulations of physiological arousal, and attentional control. A high risk of suicide was noted. Coping behaviour appeared somewhat independent of clinical and sociodemographic variables. Successful coping appeared to result from systematic application of widely used coping strategies. The implications for the clinical management of patients with persistent auditory hallucinations are discussed. PMID- 7267875 TI - The social and obstetric correlates of psychiatric admission in the puerperium. AB - Computer linkage of obstetric and psychiatric record systems made it possible to identify all women resident in the city of Edinburgh who had given birth to live or stillborn children in 1971-7 and to study (a) the distribution of psychiatric admissions relative to the time of childbirth and (b) the correlates of psychiatric admission in the first 90 days after childbirth. Having a first baby, being unmarried and undergoing Cesarean section were all associated with an increased risk of admission; twin births, perinatal death and maternal age were not. It is difficult to account for these and other established relationships purely in psychological or purely in somatic terms, suggesting that influences of both kinds are probably involved in the genesis of puerperal disorders. PMID- 7267876 TI - Sex offences against young girls: a long-term record study. AB - There have been recent attempts to re-define those offenders who are sufficiently dangerous to justify a longer sentence for their current offence than is normally provided in law, but there is little information about the frequency with which serious sexual offenders are reconvicted. Follow-up studies of the re-conviction in the subsequent 24 years and 15 years of those found guilty of rape, incest, and unlawful sexual intercourse with girls under 13 in 1951 and 1961 have therefore been made. The present paper deals with those prosecuted for unlawful sexual intercourse with girls under 13. The results suggest that there is a low but more persistent tendency to re-conviction than is found in property offenders. PMID- 7267877 TI - Stressful life events preceding the onset of neurotic depression. AB - Successfully admitted neurotic and non-neurotic depressives were compared with respect to stressful life events experienced in the 6 months before the onset of the illness. Almost equal proportions of neurotics and non-neurotics had experienced a single stressful event. Significantly more neurotics than non neurotics had suffered multiple stressful events. An analysis of the multiple events revealed that many were related and involved a single calamity. For multiple unrelated stressful events no significant difference was found between neurotic and non-neurotic depressions. PMID- 7267878 TI - The role of life events in depressive illness: is there a substantial causal relation? AB - Assessment of the relationship of life events to minor and major affective illness is beset by several methodological problems. The reliability and validity of measures is not entirely satisfactory. When the stress concept used is that of 'threat' or 'emotional distress' it becomes of crucial importance to define clearly the criterion variable: in particular, it is necessary to distinguish normal distress responses from depressive illness. In those studies using general practice or hospital patients it is important to determine whether life events provoke depressive illness or some illness behaviour such as service utilization. Because of these problems it is still not certain that life events cause depressive illness. PMID- 7267879 TI - The teaching of clinical skills at a postgraduate hospital. AB - The teaching of 'clinical skills' is generally held to be central to postgraduate training in psychiatry, but the term itself has so far escaped exact definition. In an effort to study some of the component clinical abilities, their inter relationships, and the factors promoting their transmission, all junior psychiatrists at the Maudsley Hospital were surveyed for their views on the clinical training they had received. Three hundred and seventy three assessement on 43 units were made. Trainees perceived the academic instruction and advice on formulating cases which they had received as being quite unrelated to the quality of help with interview skills and instruction in practical management, but feedback from the consultant to the trainee on the latter's performance was necessary for a high standard of both academic and practical instruction. Encouragement to do research was transmitted independently of other clinical teaching. Over a 3-year period the standard of multi-disciplinary teamwork appeared to improve, but there was a decline in the standard of academic instruction and in encouragement to do research. These overall differences were due to changes in the teaching staff, rather than alterations in teaching methods. Surveys such as this may help to define the goals of postgraduate clinical training, and also monitor the extent to which an institution is achieving these goals. PMID- 7267880 TI - Emotional disturbance in multiple sclerosis patients: validity of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). PMID- 7267881 TI - Artificial intelligence. PMID- 7267883 TI - Handedness and birth stress. PMID- 7267882 TI - Choline uptake in patients with Alzheimer pre-senile dementia. AB - Serum and CSF choline levels were measured in 12 patients with pre-senile Alzheimer's disease before and 1 hour after administration of 1.5 g choline chloride or 25 g lecithin granules. Serum choline levels were increased threefold and CSF choline levels by 72%. CSF choline levels in the untreated Alzheimer patients did not differ significantly from age-matched controls. In 35 neurological controls, CSF choline levels increased with age (R = 0.64, p less than 0.001). Choline influx into erythrocytes from 10 male and 10 female Alzheimer patients did not differ significantly from 40 male and 43 female controls. Choline influx into erythrocytes was not related to age or sex, although the range of values was greater (p less than 0.05) in females than in males. Our results indicate that there is no impairment of choline transport into CSF or erythrocytes in patients with pre-senile Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 7267884 TI - Electrodermal activity in the affective disorders and schizophrenia. AB - Electrodermal activity was measured bilaterally at rest and during stimulation in 22 schizophrenic, 11 depressed and 12 anxiety state patients, and in 32 normal volunteers. No group showed a distinctive pattern of lateral asymmetry. The frequency of spontaneous fluctuation in electrodermal activity was greater in the anxiety state and schizophrenic groups and in those patients who reported auditory hallucination during recording. Few schizophrenic subjects failed to respond to visual stimulation but substantial minority failed to habituate. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7267885 TI - Subclinical anorexia nervosa. AB - The Eating Attitudes Test (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979) was administered to 578 students (446 females and 132 males) at a College of Technology and to 14 "control" subjects fulfilling strict diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa. Although no male students scored highly, a total of 28 female students (6.3% of the female student sample) scored in the "anorexic" range. These "high scorers", together with a random control group of 28 "non-high scorers", were subsequently interviewed. Interview revealed that the symptoms of anorexia nervosa were common in the high scoring group but virtually absent in the student control group. It is concluded that a substantial proportion of post-pubertal females (approximately 5%) develop a subclinical form of anorexia nervosa. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the aetiology, prevention and treatment of disturbances in eating behaviour. PMID- 7267886 TI - Changes of diagnosis to manic-depressive illness. AB - In a cohort of patients with an operationally confirmed diagnosis of mania, half of the patients had received a previous diagnosis of schizophrenia, and over one third of the patients had received a diagnosis of personality disorder. Retrospective analysis of case-notes, using operational criteria based on DSM III, found that manic-depressive illness was more likely to have been the correct previous diagnosis. PMID- 7267887 TI - Suicide pacts: a review. AB - Suicide pacts, though occurring infrequently, are neglected occurrences. They have features distinguishing them from single suicides which can be seen as residing in the characteristics of the pact relationship. Dyadic, family and collective suicides are reviewed and found to have several common features, including exclusivity and isolation, the threat of dissolution of the relationship, and the presence of a powerful initiator. PMID- 7267888 TI - The twelve-month outcome of patients with neurotic illness in general practice. AB - One hundred patients, selected to be representative of those attending general practitioners with non-psychotic psychiatric disorders were followed up for one year. Standard assessments of mental state, personality, social stresses and supports were carried out for each patient at the outset and after a year. The outcome for this cohort determined both by the level of psychiatric morbidity at interview after one year and by the pattern of the psychiatric morbidity during the year has been analysed with reference to the assessment measures. Discriminant function analysis indicates that the initial estimate of the severity of the psychiatric morbidity and a rating of the quality of the social life at the time of follow-up are the only factors that significantly predict the psychiatric state after one year. Social measures also predict a pattern of illness characterized by a rapid recovery after the initial assessment. Patients who reported continuous psychiatric morbidity during the year were older, physically ill and very likely to have received psychotropic drugs. Receipt of this medication during the year was associated with initial assessments of abnormality of personality, older age, and a diagnosis of depression. The findings of this study are seen to support a triaxial assessment and classification of non-psychotic psychiatric disorders, with symptoms, personality and social state being rated independently. PMID- 7267889 TI - Psychiatric disorder in a rural and an urban population: 1. Aetiology of depression. AB - An earlier survey of a random sample of women in Camberwell in South London has shown that the majority of new occurrences of depressive disorders were brought about by certain kinds of life event and ongoing difficulty (provoking agent) and that the risk was increased under these circumstances by the presence of certain other social factors (vulnerability factors). Working- class women wer much more likely to develop depression because they experienced more of these factors. A new survey in a rural population in the Outer Hebrides has confirmed the importance of these factors in the genesis of depression, although provoking agents occurred much less frequently in this rural setting. However, integration into the traditional way of life, rather than a middle-class status, was related to a lower chance of developing depression, and this appears to be explained by the relationship of provoking agents and vulnerability factors to such integration in the Outer Hebrides, and to social class status in Camberwell. PMID- 7267890 TI - Psychiatric disorder in a rural and an urban population: 2. Sensitivity to loss. AB - In an earlier paper we found that a model of depression developed on a sample of women in a London population was confirmed in a female population in the Outer Hebrides. Differences in the rates of onset and chronic cases between the two populations, however, suggested that the Scottish women might be more likely to become depressed after the death or intimation of death of close relatives; furthermore, it seemed that such depressions were more likely to remain chronic in the Scottish islands than in London, and to contain a strong anxiety component. This difference is discussed in the light of socio-cultural differences between the two populations, particularly in terms which relate family structure, marital position and contact with relatives to affective disorder in terms of theories of attachment. PMID- 7267892 TI - Subdividing the functional psychoses: a family hereditary approach. AB - Family genetic data, based on standardized and independent diagnostic procedures of index and secondary cases, confirmed the dichotomy between schizophrenias and affective disorders. The classical schizophrenic subtypes exhibited a significant tendency towards homotypia among their secondary cases. The genetic evidence did not support the monopolar-bipolar subdivision of affective disorder. Schizo affective disorders impinged on the clear-cut schizophrenic and affective psychotic disorders and there was no homotypical tendency among the relatives of index cases with this diagnosis. PMID- 7267891 TI - Compulsory admissions in a London borough: I. Social and clinical features and a follow-up. AB - This study examines the role that clinical and social factors play in compulsory admissions to hospital in a London borough. 150 patients compulsorily admitted under a section of the Mental Health Act 1959 were compared with 100 informally admitted patients. Significant differences in social-demographic and clinical characteristics are described as well as differences in outcome on follow-up. A long-term unwillingness on the part of the compulsory patients to engage in follow-up services was evident. These differences still held when the compulsory patients were compared with a group of informal patients matched for age, sex and diagnosis. Patients referred by the police and admitted under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act showed those features associated with compulsory admission in general to the most severe degree. PMID- 7267893 TI - Can the psychiatrist learn from the psycholinguist? Detecting coherence in the disordered speech of manics and schizophrenics. AB - In general, linguistic analyses have not proved useful to psychiatrists because of their complexity and their inability to differentiate between diagnostic groups. However, cohesion analyses of disordered speech seem to offer both a simple and potentially useful tool for clinical diagnosis. This study was designed to test whether psychiatrists can use the rudiments of this analysis in order to differentiate between two diagnostic groups, manics and schizophrenics. PMID- 7267894 TI - Urinary free cortisol and clinical classification of depressive illness. AB - Urinary free cortisol was measured in 24 patients with primary depressive illness. The patients were classified according to their family history (Winokur's classification) and the Newcastle scale. There was a significant increase in urinary free cortisol (UFC) excretion in patients classified as endogenous on the newcastle scale, but UFC excretion was normal in patients with neurotic depression. No significant relationship between urinary free cortisol and the Winokur classification was observed. PMID- 7267895 TI - The relationship between the Rutter A Questionnaire and an interview with mother assessing child psychiatric disturbance among enuretic children. AB - Forty-one children who were being treated in a paediatric clinic for enuresis were studied to see how many of them were psychiatrically disturbed on clinical assessment and to ascertain the usefulness of 2 cut-off points of T (total) scores on the Rutter A scale in identifying them. A score of 13 or more which had previously been recommended was found to be inadequate in this group of cases. There were indications that a cut-off point of 18 or more was more appropriate. The importance of knowing the base rate of psychiatric disorder in the population on which the questionnaire is being used is emphasized, since this affects the selection of an appropriate cut-off point. PMID- 7267896 TI - Cognitive development in retarded and nonretarded persons: Piagetian tests of the similar structure hypothesis. PMID- 7267897 TI - Development of taste perception in humans: sensitivity and preference throughout the life span. PMID- 7267898 TI - Levy and Reid's neurological model in relation to writing hand/posture: an evaluation. PMID- 7267899 TI - Will it hurt less if i can control it? A complex answer to a simple question. PMID- 7267900 TI - Configuration of WAIS subtest scores in mental retardation: further evidence. PMID- 7267901 TI - Detecting emotional disturbance with the Comrey Personality Scales. PMID- 7267902 TI - Relationship between life change and illness in coping versus sensitive persons. PMID- 7267904 TI - Stress and job satisfaction in a sample of pediatric intensive care nurses. PMID- 7267903 TI - Effects of alcohol, caffeine and methyl chloride on man. PMID- 7267905 TI - Relationship between sex, sex-role characteristics and coronary-prone behavior in college students. PMID- 7267907 TI - Behavior therapy for chronically depressed patients: a clinical report. PMID- 7267906 TI - Effects of bogus preloads on the eating behavior of obese, normal, and below set point normal women. PMID- 7267908 TI - Slosson and Peabody IQs of mentally retarded adults. PMID- 7267909 TI - Commonality of behavioral characteristics of educable mentally retarded and emotionally disturbed children. PMID- 7267910 TI - Effects of facilitating and debilitating anxiety on performance and study effort in mastery-based and traditional courses. PMID- 7267911 TI - Dogmatic thinking and communication skills of student-physicians. PMID- 7267913 TI - Susceptibility to boredom and deviant behavior at school. PMID- 7267912 TI - Utilizing the school to control head-banging behavior of a child at home. PMID- 7267914 TI - Measures of deviant behavior, activity level, and self-concept for educable mentally retarded-emotionally disturbed students. PMID- 7267915 TI - Job-stress worker-strain relationship moderated by off-the-job experience. PMID- 7267916 TI - Reliability and validity of the Rational Behavior Inventory with alcoholics. PMID- 7267917 TI - Learned helplessness and the self-control model of depression. PMID- 7267918 TI - Relationships between sex-related psychological characteristics during adolescence and catecholamine excretion during achievement stress. PMID- 7267920 TI - Adjustment of circadian rhythms and EEG sleep functions to day and night sleep among permanent nightworkers and rotating shiftworkers. PMID- 7267919 TI - Slow cortical potentials in subjects with high or low scores on questionnaire measuring physical anhedonia and body image distortion. PMID- 7267921 TI - Information processing and cardiovascular control. PMID- 7267922 TI - The psychological significance of task-induced tonic changes in somatic and autonomic activity. PMID- 7267924 TI - The effects of serial order in long sequences of auditory stimuli on event related potentials. PMID- 7267923 TI - Spontaneous electrodermal activity during sleep and waking in cats. PMID- 7267925 TI - Simultaneous EMGs from six sites during muscular relaxation: a comparison between forehead and forearm feedback. PMID- 7267926 TI - Occipital alpha activity as a measure of retinal involvement in oculomotor control. PMID- 7267927 TI - Cardiac orienting to pulsed and continuous auditory stimulation: a developmental study. PMID- 7267928 TI - Event-related brain potentials in a stimulus-discrimination learning paradigm. PMID- 7267929 TI - Orienting and defensive reactions to phobic and conditioned fear stimuli in phobics and normals. PMID- 7267930 TI - Concept identification as a function of preceding negative or positive spontaneous shifts in slow brain potentials. PMID- 7267931 TI - Sympathetic nerve activity underlying electrodermal and cardiovascular reactions in man. PMID- 7267932 TI - Operant conditioning of visual evoked potentials in man. PMID- 7267933 TI - Heart beat perception and emotional experience. PMID- 7267935 TI - Psychological depression and 17-year risk of death from cancer. AB - Psychological depression, measured in 1957-1958 by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory at the baseline examination of 2,020 middle-aged employed men, was associated (p less than 0.001) with a twofold increase in odds of death from cancer during 17 years of follow-up. The association did not vary appreciably in magnitude among the early (1958-1962), middle (1963-1968), and later (1969-1974) years of follow-up, persisted after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking, use of alcohol, family history of cancer, and occupational status, and was apparently not specific to any particular site or type of cancer. This result, predicted in advance on the basis of findings by other investigators, is consistent with the hypothesis that psychological depression is related to impairment of mechanisms for preventing the establishment and spread of malignant cells. PMID- 7267934 TI - Type A behavior, field dependence, and serum lipids. AB - Given evidence that individual differences on the cognitive style dimension of field dependence/independence are significantly related to sympathetically mediated cardiovascular functioning and lipid metabolism, a correlational study was designed to examine associations between Type A behavior, field dependence, and serum lipids. It was hypothesized that field dependent Type A individuals would exhibit higher levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides than would field independent Type A individuals. Using 82 medical students as subjects, the hypothesis was supported among both males and females for total cholesterol, with a trend in the predicted direction for triglycerides. Field dependent Type A individuals of both sexes were also found to have a higher level of low-density lipoprotein to total cholesterol, when compared to their field independent Type A counterparts. The overall pattern of findings provides suggestive evidence that field dependence is an important mediating personality factor influencing levels of autonomic arousal and coronary risk among Type A individuals. Alternative explanations as to why field dependent Type A individuals may be more chronically aroused in response to environmental stimuli are discussed. PMID- 7267936 TI - Serum cortisol response to incremental work in experienced and naive subjects. AB - Twelve experienced and seven naive male subjects with a similar Vo2max, performed an incremental work test on an electronically braked bicycle until exhaustion. High venous lactate concentrations were recorded in both groups (naive-11.74 +/- 2.43, experienced-13.96 +/- 2.36 mmol/liter). No significant relationship could be demonstrated between Vo2max, venous lactate concentration, Borg ratings of perceived exertion, and the serum cortisol response. The postexercise increase in serum cortisol was significant in both experienced (59%) and naive (138%) groups, and was significantly greater in the naive as compared to the experienced subjects. The present results indicate that the psychoendocrine response to a novel situation was a major determinant of the serum cortisol response to maximum work. PMID- 7267938 TI - A "pubertal" 24-hour luteinizing hormone (LH) secretory pattern following weight loss in the absence of anorexia nervosa. AB - A 32-year-old women with no evidence of anorexia nervosa lost 20 pounds following a self-imposed diet and developed secondary amenorrhea. On two separate occasions, 24-hour plasma sampling at 20-minute intervals the monitoring of nocturnal sleep revealed a "pubertal" pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, i.e., sleep-related enhancement of LH. After she regained 15 pounds, the "pubertal" pattern reverted to the typical of adults in which there is no significant difference in LH secretion between average sleep and waking values. One month following the last study, normal menses began. These data demonstrate that weight loss or the metabolic factors associated with nutritional changes, in the absence of anorexia nervosa, may be associated with amenorrhea and reversion to the "pubertal" pattern of LH secretion, which can return to normal following weight gain. PMID- 7267937 TI - The stress of boredom and monotony: a consideration of the evidence. AB - Boredom and monotony are generally conceded to be negative factors that can have adverse effects on morale, performance, and quality of work. This article examines the evidence for yet another claimed effect of boredom and monotony, viz., that these factors are stressors, and that because they are stressors, they may produce effects even more detrimental than those mentioned above. Both laboratory and field studies are examined for evidence of increased neuroendocrine activity during exposure to conditions determined to be, or generally acknowledged to be, boring or monotonous. It is concluded that the available data offer no support for the belief that boredom or monotony per se produces the syndrome of stress. However, monotony coupled with a need to maintain high levels of alertness could represent a combination capable of eliciting considerable stress. PMID- 7267939 TI - Sperm function in affective illness. AB - There is evidence for functional changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of patients with affective disorders. Little is known concerning spermatogenesis or sperm function in depressed men. We systematically evaluated the sperm indices in a group of depressed males complaining of diminished libido, and a healthy control group. No differences were noted in sperm parameters between the groups. PMID- 7267940 TI - Crowding in prison: the relationship between changes in housing mode and blood pressure. AB - The relationship between change in mode of housing and corresponding blood pressure (BP) change was investigated among 568 male prisoners as an analogue to animal studies which have shown that crowding elevates BP. The transfer from single occupancy cells to multiple occupancy dormitories was associated with a statistically significant mean increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP). In contrast, men who remained in single cells had little mean change in SBP over time. Inmates who were retransferred to cells after a short stay in dormitories experienced a mean decline in SBP, which suggests that crowding may be reversible in its early stages. SBP also decreased after continued stay in the dormitories, indicating that adaptation may occur. The implications of these findings for crowding theory and their contribution to an understanding of response to the prison environment are discussed. PMID- 7267941 TI - A global psychosomatic study of 16 consecutive patients with ulcerative colitis. AB - The author reports the results of a global psychosomatic study conducted upon a consecutive series of 16 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), by means of an anamnestic biographic interview plus a projective test (TAT) in association with the usual clinical research applied. The most significant data deal with: the relationship with parental figures during infancy; the 'changes' in life during the period which preceded the clinical onset of UC; the presence of a latent or manifest depressive condition; the alexithymic characteristics; the lack of 'intermediate sphere'; the correlation between the reactivation of UC and certain environmental situations; the defence mechanisms; the type of object relationship. PMID- 7267942 TI - Patterns of hostility revealed in the fantasies and dreams of women with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Data relevant to the feelings of hostility harbored by 25 women with rheumatoid arthritis is reported. Noteworthy points include: (1) a high incidence of early loss by death, often by suicide, of one of the parents; (2) a high incidence of involvement in incestuous relationships; (3) the occurrence in the period of onset of illness of severe provocation by an ambivalently loved person whom the patient cannot relinquish; (4) the presence of conscious fantasies of revenge toward this person which tend not to be carried over into action; (5) the presence of vicious dreams, often containing frankly oral-sadistic motifs in many of which the patient herself is portrayed in the role of victim. PMID- 7267943 TI - Influence of the setting on a psychotherapeutic relationship in analytically oriented brief psychotherapy. AB - In this brief review, the author stresses the interest of short-term psychotherapy in the study of psychotherapeutic processes: through modifications of time and space factors of the cure (limited duration - face-to-face) one can appreciate better the influence of the setting on the nature of the process. By comparing the psychotherapeutic situation (face-to-face) to the psychoanalytic situation (back-to-face), the author highlights some specific features of psychotherapies, in particular the influence of the infraverbal language and its consequences on the cure. In a face-to-face situation for example, the subject unconsciously tries to incorporate the therapist in his ego, and this very powerful merging mechanism may hinder the evolutive process of the treatment. Some of the aspects examined apply to any doctor-patient-relationship. PMID- 7267944 TI - Psychometric properties of a scale to measure alexithymia. AB - Four studies were conducted on a sample of 230 undergraduates to determine the psychometric properties of a measure of alexithymia, the Schalling-Sifneos Scale. In the first study it was found that scores on the scale are approximately normally distributed for each sex with 8.2% of males and 1.8% of females in the alexithymia range. In the second study a factor analysis of the scale revealed three distinct factors: (1) 'difficulty in expression of feelings'; (2) 'the importance of feelings especially about people'; (3) 'day-dreaming or introspection'. In the second factor analytic study, scores from several standard psychological tests on the same subjects were introduced with the scale items. Two factors in this analysis were comprised almost entirely of the other test scores: a 'general psychological distress factor' and a 'concerns about physical symptoms factor'. The other two factors were similar to factors 1 and 2 above in terms of items. The Rathus Assertiveness Scale loaded positively on the equivalent of factor 1. In the lst study, it was shown that Schalling-Sifneos Scale score is relatively orthogonal to other psychological tests with the exception of a Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist and thus is measuring something other than depression, anxiety, etc. PMID- 7267946 TI - Improving the effectiveness of psychiatric consultation. PMID- 7267948 TI - Anticholinergic psychosis: differential diagnosis and management. PMID- 7267945 TI - Brief psychodynamic psychotherapy: interrater agreement and reliability of individually specified outcomes. AB - We tested Malan's method of constructing outcome criteria in brief dynamic psychotherapy by positing a core neurotic problem, psychodynamic outcome criteria, and psychodynamically oriented target criteria for 41 neurotic outpatients receiving either psychotherapy or behavioral therapy. We found that trained raters could assess psychodynamic problems and outcomes with high interrater reliability and agreement. Using these measures with behavioral therapy as well as psychodynamic therapy patients, we found that the psychodynamic ratings could be extended to patients not treated psychodynamically. Thus, we feel individualized psychodynamic ratings can be used to assess treatment effects on a reliable psychodynamic basis, and that individualized ratings can be extended to studies which contrast specific psychodynamic outcomes to those of other treatments. PMID- 7267947 TI - The depression-pain syndrome and its response to antidepressants. PMID- 7267949 TI - Managing alcoholic medical patients: the psychiatrist's role. PMID- 7267950 TI - Distinguishing myasthenia gravis from conversion. PMID- 7267951 TI - Biomedical progress and the physician's approach to patients. PMID- 7267952 TI - Pseudo-acute abdomen in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7267953 TI - Conversion disorder: a developmental response to stress in adolescence? PMID- 7267954 TI - Measles immunization. Some factors affecting non-acceptance of vaccine. PMID- 7267955 TI - Sanitation technology options for developing countries (with special reference to Africa). PMID- 7267956 TI - Cigarette smoking in pregnancy: a health education problem. PMID- 7267957 TI - Management of hypertension: misconceptions among physicians in Israel. PMID- 7267958 TI - Socio-economic implications of chronic pyogenic osteomyelitis in a developing community. PMID- 7267959 TI - Rubbish in, rubbish out- or an irreverent view of death certificates. PMID- 7267960 TI - The clinical spectrum of Campylobacter fetus infections: report of five cases and review of the literature. AB - Five cases of extra-intestinal Campylobacter fetus infections are described and an additional 242 cases are reviewed from the literature. A variety of clinical syndromes are encountered including endocarditis; thrombophlebitis; meningitis; pneumonia and pleuritis; and infectious arthritis. Thirty-eight per cent of patients presented with bacteremia enteritis. Campylobacter fetus demonstrates a preference for endovascular surfaces. The majority of patients are male and have an underlying illness. Mortality is increased in patients infected with C. fetus intestinalis. Therapy is based on in vitro antibiotic susceptibility tests although the organism is usually sensitive to an aminoglycoside and chloramphenicol. PMID- 7267961 TI - The straight back syndrome. AB - The straight back syndrome, consisting of loss of normal upper thoracic spinal curvature associated with cardiac murmurs and radiographic cardiomegaly is considered a form of 'pseudoheart disease' which has been attributed to squashing of the heart in the reduced AP diameter of the chest. During an 18-month period 31 patients referred to a cardiologist were found to have a straight back. Forty five relatives were subsequently examined and 27 were found also to have a straight back. Palpitations and chest pain were the commonest symptoms. On the lateral chest radiograph the distance from the middle of the anterior border T8 to a vertical line connecting T4 and T12 was found to be significantly reduced compared to controls, and a value less 1.2 cm is indicative of a straight back. Of the 58 subjects with the syndrome, 39 (67 per cent) had clinical and/or echocardiographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse. Respiratory function testing revealed no significant abnormality. HLA typing showed no association with an particular HLA antigen but indicates that the straight back syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition and suggested that the antigenic determinants may be located on chromosome 6. We conclude that the straight back syndrome should no longer be considered a form of pseudoheart disease and patients should be investigated for associated mitral valve prolapse and their relatives screened. PMID- 7267962 TI - Circadian variations in urine excretion in chronic renal failure. AB - The pattern of urine excretion over 24 hours has been studied in nineteen patients with stable chronic renal failure of varying severity and due to a variety of renal disorders. The patterns were compared with those in eighteen health control subjects of similar age. The 24 hour urine volume was not significantly greater in the patients (1608 +/- 112 compared with 1710 ml +/- 169). A lower urine concentration (341 +/- 79 mOsm compared with 430 +/- 160 mOsm/kg) was associated with a lower total 24 hour solute excretion (596 +/- 224 compared with 699 +/- 169 mOsm/24 hours). Frequency of micturition, expressed in relation to periods of 24 hours, was similar (6.8 +/- 0.6 compared with (6.4 +/- 0.5). There was an alteration in the normal pattern of urine flow, with more urine at night and less in the day. Nocturia, a consistent feature of the patients with renal failure is due to reversal of the normal pattern and not to an increased volume of urine or increased frequency of micturition. The time of onset of decreased urine excretion during the day was associated with the change from recumbency to activity. The morning antidiuresis, and the nocturnal diuresis, are associated with, and probably the result of, changes in sodium and total solute excretion. The circadian rhythm of potassium excretion remained normal in chronic renal failure, except in very severe renal failure when it was reversed. Alterations in sodium, total solute and water excretion were associated with changes in creatinine excretion and were observed even in mild renal failure. In some patients, studied just before commencing regular dialysis, renal function would have been adequate for reasonable health had the rates of excretion observed at night persisted throughout the 24 hours. Nocturia, in nineteen patients with chronic renal failure, was due to a change in the circadian pattern of urine flow; it is suggested that this results, at least in part, from an inability to respond normally to changes from recumbency to activity. PMID- 7267963 TI - Prognostic value of radionuclide ventriculography after myocardial infarction. AB - We have studied 50 consecutive patients who had sustained their first myocardial infarction. Using the noninvasive technique of radionuclide ventriculography, ventricular performance, as assessed by left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), was measured at rest just before discharge from hospital when patients were well and free from cardiac failure and then at one and four months after infarction, at rest and during submaximal supine exercise. Left ventricular ejection fraction was below normal in 42 patients (normal range 0.43-0.71). Mean EF for those patients recovering from inferior infarction was 0.43 +/- 0.09 (mean +/- 1 S.D.), whereas for those who had sustained anterior infarction mean EF was significantly lower, 0.33 +/- 0.13 (p less than 0.01). EF was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) in those patients whose early progress was complicated either by serious arrhythmia or left ventricular failure. There was only poor correlation between EF and radiographically determined heart size but global left ventricular performance correlated well with the presence of abnormalities of regional wall movement. Over the first four months low EF failed to improve in seven patients with areas of dyskinesis (EF less tha 0.30) and despite diuretic therapy five suffered further episodes of cardiac failure. Excluding those with dyskinesis there were 18 patients who were unable to increase EF on exercise on month after infarction. Of these four already had symptoms of angina but a further 10 patients developed angina in the subsequent three months. Poor left ventricular performance is common after anterior myocardial infarction, complicated in the acute phase by serious arrhythmia or left ventricular failure. Patients with persistently low EF had an increased risk of further episodes of cardiac failure, whereas a fall in EF on exercise was associated with subsequent angina. PMID- 7267964 TI - Defect in plasma clearance of bromsulphthalein in Papua New Guineans with systemic infections. AB - One hundred and one Papua New Guineans, most of whom had systemic infections, received 5 mg kg body-weight-1 bromsulphthalein (BSP) intravenously after an overnight fast; serial venous blood BSP concentrations were measured for up to 2 hours. Many of those with infections had a reduction in plasma BSP disappearance rate and 30-minute retention. However, 15 per cent of 86 with infection had a secondary rise in plasma BSP concentration after 30 minutes, and in those followed serially a secondary peak was observed; that returned to normal after treatment and was not seen in 12 who were free of infection. Liver-biopsy specimens taken from four who had that defect in clearance did ot show Dubin Johnson pigment. BSP curves with an exactly similar secondary rise after 30 minutes have previously been considered specific for the Dubin-Johnson syndrome, which is probably inherited as a Mendelian recessive; it seems possible that in the present study systemic infections have exposed the forme fruste of the condition. The present finding might explain some cases of jaundice associated with systemic infection commonly seen in Papua New Guinea. It might explain some toxic therapeutic reactions, because plasma concentrations of agents excreted in bile are likely to be abnormally elevated. If this abnormality in excretion proves to have a genetic basis it might prove valuable in mapping gene dispersal in South-east Asia and the Pacific. PMID- 7267965 TI - Renal disease in essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia. Long-term follow-up of 44 patients. AB - The mode of presentation of renal disease in 44 patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia (EMC) was: acute renal failure (two patients), acute nephritic syndrome (six patients), nephrotic syndrome (eight patients), proteinuria and/or haematuria (28 patients). Renal biopsy, performed in 35 patients showed proliferative lesions in 33, while only minimal glomerular changes were seen in the remaining two. Immunofluorescence studies showed: IgG (85 per cent), IgA (36 per cent), IgM (90 per cent), C3 (90 per cent), C1q (47 per cent), and C4 (33 per cent) deposits, mainly located in subendothelial position. On electron microscopy, crystalloid structure of deposits and monocyte infiltration of capillary loops were the outstanding feature. The survival rate was 75 per cent at 10 years from the onset of clinical symptoms. Thirty-nine patients were followed for three to 146 months (mean 53.8). Twelve patients died, cardiovascular disease and infection being the commonest cause of death. Thirteen patients showed acute renal failure of acute nephritis syndrome: nine recovered completely, whereas the remaining four died during the acute renal episode. Three patients developed chronic renal failure, but only one period required chronic dialysis. The ominous significance of renal impairment in EMC should therefore be revaluated. The high prevalence of hypertension (28/44 patients) which was refractory to treatment in six, may be important to the clinical outcome. PMID- 7267966 TI - Cutaneous malignant melanoma in south-east Scotland. AB - This paper reports a retrospective study of 477 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma presenting in the south-east of Scotland (lat. 55 degrees-56 degrees N) between 1961 and 1976. The mean annual incidence during the period 1971 to 1976 was 4.6/100 000 with females affected almost twice as often as males. The incidence has probably increased in the last 10 years. The median age at presentation was in the sixth decade in both sexes and 88 per cent of patients had clinical Stage 1 disease when first seen. Primary lesions on the female lower leg accounted for a third of all tumours. Superficial spreading melanoma was the most common growth pattern. The overall five year survival rate was significantly less for males (48 per cent) compared with females (67 per cent). Other factors which had an independent effect on prognosis were the age of the patient, the site of the tumour, its thickness and mitotic rate. The thickness of the primary lesion was the best index of prognosis, with the five year survival rate ranging from 97 per cent for patients with tumours less than 0.5 mm deep to 38 per cent for those with tumours thicker than 3.5 mm. Although the relationship between tumour depth and duration of signs before treatment was not investigated, it seems likely that better survival figures will be achieved more by earlier diagnosis and treatment than by any change in management. PMID- 7267967 TI - The congenital "magnesium-losing kidney". Report of two patients. AB - A 39-year-old man with a lifelong history of tetany and hypocalcaemia was found to have hypomagnesaemia (0.29 mmol/l) due to renal magnesium loss. His asymptomatic 29-year-old brother had a similar disorder. Both were infertile and had severe oligospermia but normal endocrine function. They had medullary nephrocalcinosis and glomerular filtration rate was reduced. Renal biopsy showed patchy interstitial fibrosis and some glomerular sclerosis. Electron microscopy showed thickened basement membranes in damaged glomeruli and in tubules in areas of fibrosis. Tests of renal tubule function were normal. Hypocalcaemia and tetany were corrected by oral magnesium supplements which raised the serum magnesium level to around 0.54 mmol/l. PMID- 7267968 TI - Chronic bronchial suppuration and inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Seven patients with severe, unexplained chronic bronchial suppuration and inflammatory bowel disease are reported. In three, rapidly progressive bronchiectasis developed within one year of procto-colectomy, in two it developed in association with an exacerbation of colitis and in the other two a milder, limited colitis post-dated the start of the lung disease. The high incidence of arthropathy and skin rashes suggests a systemic disease, and personal and family histories of auto-immune conditions were common. Antinuclear antibodies were detected in six and smooth muscle antibodies in five of the seven patients and there was no evidence of liver disease. Evidence of circulating immune complexes was found in two patients. In the four patients who received corticosteroid therapy there was an impressive improvement in cough, sputum volume and dyspnoea, especially when taking high doses. Because of the time relationships of the bowel and lung symptoms, we suggest that these disorders may be related. PMID- 7267969 TI - Use of liver function tests as predictors of rifampicin metabolism in cirrhosis. AB - Normal subjects taking rifampicin regularly, show a fall in serum and urinary drug concentrations from enzyme induction and increased biliary excretion. In cirrhosis, hepatocellular dysfunction and impaired biliary excretion may prevent these changes, but there is little information on how the drug should be prescribed in such patients. Serum and urinary rifampicin concentrations were therefore measured in thirteen patients and five controls during a seven-day course (600 mg/day). In controls, peak serum concentrations on Day 7 were lower than on Day 1 (7.0 +/- 3.0 and 8.0 +/- 1.0 microgram/ml respectively) and this was also the case for nine cirrhotic patients with mild impairment of liver function (6.0 +/- 1.0 and 11.0 +/- 2.0 microgram/ml (p less than 0.02). In both groups there was an accompanying fall in urinary rifampicin excretion due to a decrease in desacetylrifampicin excretion. In the remaining four cirrhotic patients, peak serum rifampicin levels rose from 11.0 +/- 5.0 to 17.0 +/- 6.0 microgram/ml and urinary excretion of desacetylrifampicin did not fall. Although values for serum albumin and prothrombin time were of limited value in predicting drug accumulation, pretreatment levels of bilirubin exceeding 50 mumol/l were present in all four patients showing an increase in serum rifampicin concentration. Furthermore, only in this group was there a rise in serum bilirubin during treatment, almost certainly the result of competition between rifampicin and bilirubin for hepatic uptake and excretion. In all patients with cirrhosis, bilirubin concentrations exceeding 50 mumol/l should be an indication for reduction of rifampicin dosage. PMID- 7267970 TI - The timing of histological damage following a single challenge with gluten in treated coeliac disease. AB - Two treated subjects and one healthy volunteer have been challenged with a single dose of fraction B of gluten administered intraduodenally. Serial biopsy specimens were obtained by means of a Quinton hydraulically operated biopsy instrument immediately before challenge and repeatedly thereafter. The biopsy specimens were studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase staining and disaccharidase assay. The two coeliac subjects showed pronounced mucosal changes which developed a few hours after challenge and which showed the features of an Arthus-type reaction. The healthy volunteer was unaffected. It is concluded that the lesion of coeliac disease is the result of an Arthus-type reaction induced by ingested gluten in susceptible subjects. PMID- 7267971 TI - Adult idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis and coeliac disease. AB - Small bowel biopsies were performed in seven patients in whom a diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis had been made. Villous atrophy was present in three patients and convoluted villi in one. There was no correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms or routine blood tests and abnormality of the small bowel mucosa. Three of the four patients with abnormal mucosa had HLA B8 antigen and the three patients with villous atrophy responded to gluten withdrawal. PMID- 7267972 TI - From genes to organelles. PMID- 7267973 TI - Genetic control of organelle assembly at the molecular level. PMID- 7267974 TI - Scaffolding proteins and the genetic control of virus shell assembly. AB - Historically a gap has existed between the study of the one-dimensional organization of hereditary information in genes, and of the three-dimensional organization of macromolecules in biological structures. In this article we describe progress in closing this gap through the genetic and biochemical analysis of the assembly of the icosahedral shells of spherical viruses, a class of subcellular structures whose subunit organization is relatively well understood. The genes specifying the proteins required for capsid assembly have been identified for many bacterial viruses. By using mutants defective in these genes, it has been possible to identify intermediates in shell morphogenesis and DNA condensation, and to unravel the different levels of the genetic control of macromolecular assembly processes. In general, a precursor shell or procapsid is first constructed, and the DNA is subsequently coiled within it. The construction of a closed shell poses as difficult a problem for a virus as for an architect. In the well-studied bacteriophage P22 of Salmonella typhimurium, the construction of the procapsid requires the interaction of about 200 molecules of the gene-8 scaffolding protein with 420 molecules of the gene-5 coat protein, forming a double-shelled structure with the scaffolding protein on the inside. Once completed, procapsids undergo substantial alteration in the course of encapsulating the viral DNA. In P22, the initiation of DNA packaging triggers the exit of all of the scaffolding molecules from within the capsid, probably through the coat-protein lattice. These released molecules are re-utilized, interacting with newly synthesized coat subunits to form further procapsids. Thus, the scaffolding protein functions catalytically in capsid assembly. All of the well studied DNA phages require a scaffolding protein species for procapsid assembly, though their properties vary. Purified coat and scaffolding subunits by themselves show little tendency to polymerize, and are stable as monomers in solution. Upon mixing together under the appropriate conditions, however, the proteins copolymerize into double shells. Their interaction with each other appears to be critical for efficient assembly; this interaction probably occurs on the edges of growing shells, and not among subunits in solution. We have termed this kind of process, which we previously described in T4 tail morphogenesis, self-regulated assembly. The subunits are synthesized in a nonreactive form and are activated, not in solution, but upon incorporation into the growing substrate structure. A number of further transformations of the capsid subunits occur only within the organized structure and not as free subunits. Thus, aspects of the genetic information controlling the assembly process are not fully expressed at the level of the properties of protein subunits, but become manifest only through interactions with other proteins, or at a higher level, after completion of the correct organized structure. PMID- 7267975 TI - Folding up genes and chromosomes. AB - The basic chromatin fiber is composed of a tandem array of nucleosomes, adjacent nucleosomes being separated by a variable amount of DNA. In vivo, this fiber is folded to form a higher-order fiber with a diameter of 200 to 300 A. The distribution of nucleosomes within the higher-order fiber has been analyzed in negatively stained preparations of chromatin fibers released from metaphase cells or interphase nuclei by mechanical disruption. The fiber appears to be composed to discrete packing domains in each of which there is a high density of closely apposed nucleosomes; within these regions several discrete packing patterns are observed. Adjacent domains are connected by regions of the fiber which are thinner and contain a lower density of nucleosomes. From these observations we suggest that the 200 to 300 A fiber is mosaic and that domains differ from each other in composition so as to confer sequence specificity upon the structure. In addition, compositional differences may have relevance to the functional state of the underlying genes; thus, higher order structure of a region is related to its functional state. Above this level of organization, studies on the early stages of chromatin folding in meiotic prophase suggest that 200 to 300 A fibers are organized as loops which emanate from the longitudinal axis of the chromosome, in a manner consistent with a model for mitotic chromosome folding by means of radial loop formation. Active ribosomal RNA genes are identifiable in these preparations and appear to be organized in a similar fashion; each active gene appears to comprise a loop of chromatin. PMID- 7267976 TI - [HBV serologic markers in the chronic alcoholism (author's transl)]. AB - The prevalence of serum markers, HBsAg, anti-HBsAg, HBcAg and anti-HBeAg in a group of subjects affected by chronic alcoholism with fatty liver or with cirrhotic stages is reported. An incidence of chronic HBsAg carriers, similar to that found in healthy subjects, was noticed, while an elevated incidence of other serological markers of previous contact with HBV were found. The Authors discuss the significance of this report, on the basis of a greater possibility of contact with HBV, for social-economic situations of those patients. The etiopathogenetic role of HBV in the cirrhotic evolution of alcoholic liver diseases was excluded. PMID- 7267977 TI - [Enumeration of platelets in blood smears (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267978 TI - [Automated kinetic-colorimetric method for the enzymatic determination of the total and HDL cholesterol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7267979 TI - [Use of low-ionic-strength solutions in detection of the IgG and IgM type of blood-group antibodies]. PMID- 7267980 TI - [Clinical importance of the determination of antithrombin III by the use of a chromogenic substrate, in cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation and of acute hepatic insufficiency]. AB - Antithrombin III (AT III) an alpha 2 globulin produced by liver, is the most important plasmatic inhibitor of activated coagulation factors, that bind irreversibly to it with formation of inactive complexes. Therefore, when coagulation processes are activated in vivo, a decrease of AT III is presumably likely to occur. In the present research, AT III has been determined both as substance concentration, by radial immunodiffusion, and on the base of its activity on a chromogenic substrate (Chromozym) in patients with DIC before and after heparin therapy. Some patients with acute liver insufficiency have been similarly studied, because they not only have a deficient protein synthesis but also show phenomena of anticoagulative factors consumption. In all the patients, the AT III levels appeared decreased by both methods; the decrease of activity was comparatively much more intense and in a case no activity was even detectable. PMID- 7267981 TI - [Evaluation of the methylthymol blue and orthocresolphthalein direct methods of determination of serum calcium]. AB - Two methods for the direct colorimetric determination of serum calcium (BMT and OCFT) have been evaluated and compared with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Both colorimetric methods resulted simple to use, but temperature sensitive: values for the ratio absorbance at 10 degrees C/absorbance at 45 degrees C were 1.6 (BMT) and 1.8 (OCFT). When readings were taken at 37 degrees C good precision was achieved with both methods (between-the-series coefficients of variation were 3.5 divided by 2.2% for OFCT and 1.9 divided by 3.4% for BMT). No interference from bilirubin (up to 180 mumol/l) was observed with both methods; slight positive interference from haemoglobin (1 g/l) was observed only with OCFT method. Results from the two colorimetric methods closely agreed in the range 1.0 divided by 4.5 mmol/l: statistical analysis of comparison data gave BMT = 0.0963 + 0.9521 OCFT, r = 0.9820. From the results of direct comparison with AAS (103 serum specimens, concentration spanning from 1.0 to 4.5 mmol/l) statistical analysis gave: BMT (y)/AAS(x): y = 0.0721 + 1.0226x (r = 0.9678); OCFT(y)AAS(x): y = -0.0208 + 1.0720x (r = 0.9836): it is concluded that both methods show a slight positive bias with respect to AAS. PMID- 7267982 TI - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and plasma lipids during pregnancy. PMID- 7267983 TI - Effects of radiation on normal tissues: hypothetical mechanisms and limitations of in situ assays of clonogenicity. AB - It is argued that proliferating normal tissues fall into two categories. In type H (for hierarchical) tissues, cells either multiply or perform tissue-specific functions. Sterilizing doses or radiation immediately initiate a gradual depopulation of irreversibly postmitotic, mature cells. The constant rate of functional cell depletion is given by physiological longevity of the cells. Consequently the onset of maximal depopulation is dose-independent and, after a range of radiation doses, the peak of milder damage is seen earlier than that of a more severe one. In type F (for flexible) tissues all cells are assumed to have the potential for proliferation and are also engaged in tissue-specific functions. Radiation leads to dose-dependent loss of the functional cells through their mitotic death, both immediately after exposure and during the next phase of increased compensatory proliferation resulting in accelerated expression of radiation damage ('avalanche'). Consequently the more severe damage following larger doses of radiation is seen earlier than the milder one produced with smaller doses. Assays of cell clonogenicity in vivo concern almost exclusively type H populations. The large radiation/drug/heat doses administered in these assays serve both to dilute the clonogenic cells by at least two orders of magnitude, and to produce a measurable response. When comparing two agents or interpreting their combined action it is advisable to ensure that the dilution step yields qualitatively comparable samples of clonogenic cells to be then characterized in terms of dose-survival curve parameters. PMID- 7267984 TI - The in vitro radiosensitivity of hemopoietic stem cells from control and preirradiated infant mice. AB - The radiosensitivity of hemopoietic stem cells isolated from infant mice (6 or 9 days of life), of infant preirradiated mice (exposed to 126 rad on day 6 and assayed at day 9 of life) and of adult C57/Bl mice was assayed on the basis of their capacity to form spleen colonies and to incorporate iododeoxyuridine after transplantation into heavily irradiated hosts. Stem cells of infant non irradiated mice have a DO of 115 rad compared to 72 rad for adult mice whereas the DO of preirradiated infant mice has diminished to 80 rad. No significant difference was seen between spleen and bone marrow cells or between total cells and cells not sensitive to 3H-thymidine. It is postulated that this sensitization of stem cells caused by a preirradiation is responsible for the greater mortality of infant mice after fractionated exposure compared to a single one. PMID- 7267985 TI - Thiopyronine sensitized photodynamic effect on ribosome synthesis and ribosome content in Saccharomyces cells. AB - The content and the synthesis of membrane bound and free ribosomes in growing yeast cells was investigated after photodynamic treatment of the cells with thiopyronine and visible light. It was shown that the synthesis of ribosomes is inhibited after photodynamic treatment and that as a consequence, the content of ribosomes in the cell is diminished. PMID- 7267986 TI - Absence of AET protection against fast neutrons: cellular effects. AB - A series of experiments has been undertaken in order to test the biological properties of neutrons produced in the cyclotron of the Institute "Ruder Boskovic" (IRB) in Zagreb. Protective effect of AET (2-amino ethylisothiuronium bromide hydrobromide) on survival of L cells irradiated by fast neutrons generated in the IRB cyclotron were studied by employing the single cell clonal growth method. For comparison the protective effect of AET after gamma irradiation has also been studied. The most important findings that have emerged from these experiments can be summarized as follows: (1) Protective effect of AET was present after gamma irradiation only. (2) The degree of protection was dependent on AET concentration in the growth medium. (3) No protective effect was found after neutron irradiation. These findings are in agreement with the generally less efficient protection of this compounds after high-LET irradiation. PMID- 7267987 TI - Cellular and nuclear volume of human cells during the cell cycle. AB - The volumes of whole cells and nuclei of cultured human cells were studied at different times after synchronization of growth using the Coulter counter and scanning microphotometry. It was found that the increase in cell volume is compatible with both linear or exponential growth during the cell cycle. The growth of the nuclear volume is not correlated with the beginning of the DNA synthesis. The nuclear volume starts to increase already 6 hr prior DNA synthesis. The data also indicate that the nuclear volume growth could proceed in two stages. The relation of this result to radiation sensitivity is discussed. PMID- 7267989 TI - Relationship of 60-Hz electric-field parameters to the inhibition of growth of Pisum sativum roots. AB - Roots of Pisum sativum were chronically exposed to 60-Hz electric fields ranging from 215--430 V/m and current densities from 1.5--2.7 mA/cm2. Adjustments of the exposure medium's conductivity (0.035--0.14 mho/m) allowed for distinction between a field or a current induced perturbation in root growth rates. Inhibition of root growth rates was directly related to the magnitude of the applied field and not the current density. The results are consistent with the postulate that the applied field acts upon the cell membrane and perturbs its function. PMID- 7267990 TI - Symposium on low dose and low dose rate effects and their significance. PMID- 7267991 TI - The how and why of in vitro oncogenic transformation. PMID- 7267988 TI - The effects of some physical factors on the production of hyperthermia by ultrasound in neoplastic tissues. AB - A one-dimensional and a three-dimensional computer model have been built in order to study the importance of blood flow and ultrasonic absorption in tissues during local hyperthermia. The decreased blood flow in the interior of certain tumours and possibly the increased ultrasonic absorption of the malignant tissue in some cases may cause selectively higher temperatures inside the tumours though the heat input is the same as in the surrounding tissues. Also, the vasodilation of blood vessels in normal tissues as a response to heat causes a therapeutically useful temperature difference. These blood flow differences can lead to enhanced effects during sonication to produce hyperthermia in the tumour. The inhomogeneity of blood flow in the tumour causes a non-uniform temperature distribution leaving the well-perfused cells in the advancing front at a much lower temperature than the cells in the necrotic centre. Thus, the combination of local hyperthermia with radio-and chemotherapy seems to offer the most attractive means of destroying malignant tissue. PMID- 7267992 TI - Experimental radiation carcinogenesis: what have we learned? PMID- 7267994 TI - Application of cavity theories to high-energy response to LiF dosimeters. PMID- 7267993 TI - Influence of noncarcinogenic secondary factors on radiation carcinogenesis. PMID- 7267995 TI - Combined radiation-protective and radiation-sensitizing agents: II. Radiosensitivity of hypoxic or aerobic Chinese hamster fibroblasts in the presence of cysteamine and misonidazole: implications for the "oxygen effect" (with appendix on calculation of dose-modifying factors). PMID- 7267996 TI - Relationship between hyperthermic cell killing and protein denaturation by alcohols. PMID- 7267997 TI - Lack of a correlation between hyperthermic cell killing, thermotolerance, and membrane lipid fluidity. PMID- 7267998 TI - Effects of hyperthermia on repair of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks. PMID- 7267999 TI - Histochemical evidence for radiation enhancement of lysosomal response following hyperthermia of tail cartilage in baby rat. PMID- 7268000 TI - The effect of X irradiation on the capacity of transfer RNA to act as substrate for guanine-iRNA transferase. PMID- 7268001 TI - Comparison of hyperbaric oxygen and misonidazole in fractionated irradiation of murine tumors. PMID- 7268002 TI - Thermal inactivation energy of granulocyte-monocyte stem cells. PMID- 7268003 TI - Pollen problems. PMID- 7268004 TI - Does nursing management need to change with impending reorganisation? PMID- 7268005 TI - The alcohol-dependent person (alcoholic): a behaviour analysis of this factor leading to alcohol dependence and excessive drinking. PMID- 7268006 TI - Health education: prevention or subversion? PMID- 7268007 TI - Anxiety in hospitalised patients. PMID- 7268008 TI - The third Lord Cohen Lecture: the wider responsibilities of the physician. PMID- 7268009 TI - Health and the economy. PMID- 7268010 TI - Management of the nervous dental patient. PMID- 7268011 TI - The use of modular operating theatres for modern surgery. PMID- 7268013 TI - Mental health aspects of occupational health. PMID- 7268012 TI - Campylobacter infection. PMID- 7268014 TI - A friend in need. A befriending scheme for Holywell Psychiatric Hospital, Co. Antrim, N. Ireland. PMID- 7268015 TI - Pollution and the Thames. PMID- 7268016 TI - Socio-economic implications of chronic pyogenic osteomyelitis in a developing community. PMID- 7268017 TI - The myth of the public health pharmacist in the U.S.A. PMID- 7268018 TI - The future of our food supplies. PMID- 7268019 TI - The salmonella problem with particular reference to meat hygiene. PMID- 7268020 TI - Cervical myelography via C1/C2 lateral puncture. PMID- 7268021 TI - Analysis of X-ray department work-load by means of a data capture device and an off-line facility. PMID- 7268022 TI - A method of assessing the practical ability of student radiographers. PMID- 7268023 TI - Computed tomography of the liver. PMID- 7268024 TI - Notes on the lecture on radiography in orthopaedics to the first year post graduate orthopaedic nurses Kano, May 1980. PMID- 7268025 TI - Formulation and clinical introduction of low osmolality contrast media. AB - Side-effects like pain or nausea are caused by contrast media of high osmolality. Therefore new compounds of low osmolality (1/3 of old Compounds) have been formulated. Clinical introduction has revealed better tolerance and very low rates of side-effects. Angiographies with Ioxaglate, Iopamidol or Metrizamide have become almost painless Procedures. PMID- 7268026 TI - Cervical myelography with Amipaque: seven years experience. AB - Amipaque (Metrizamide) when injected intrathecally, acts as a drug which may cause side effects and even complications. The adverse effects depend on the amount and concentration of the medium which reach the surface of the brain. The examination of the cervical area carries a risk that undiluted contrast material escapes into the cranial cavity. Knowledge of physical, physiological and pathophysiological properties of the medium is mandatory for proper management of the examination. Careful evaluation of the patient and the diagnostic problem and correct technique of cervical myelography gives perfect diagnostic information, minimal side-effects and no risk of serious complications. PMID- 7268027 TI - [Radiographic signs of acetabular dysplasia of the adult hip (author's transl)]. AB - Many papers have been published about the different types of measurements used in the evaluation of hip dysplasia in the pediatric age group. However, there are no publications that deal with this topic regarding adults. The authors present an initial series of measurements of the angle of the roof of the acetabulum in 100 randomized asymptomatic adult males. The normal value ranged from -10 degrees to +10 degrees. These measurements were correlated with those described by Wiberg. The combination of both methods yields highly reliable information in the evaluation of hip dysplasia. PMID- 7268028 TI - [An unusual type of congenital heart disease associated with the Holt-Oram syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Case report of a very rare case of Holt-Oram-Syndrome (in a seven months old baby) associated with tricuspid atresia (itself a rare condition of isolated congenital heart disease) and anomalous return of pulmonary vein into the right atrium. According to the classification based on anatomy, our case corresponds to type Ia. The diagnosis was confirmed clinically, electrocardiographically, radiologically and angiographically. PMID- 7268029 TI - [Pelvic lipomatosis--its appearance on radiography and computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - Case report on a case of pelvic lipomatosis, the 21. case published in the world literature. The typical radiographic findings, such as deformity of the urinary bladder and the abnormal course of the sigma, were seen. Computed tomography confirms the diagnosis. PMID- 7268031 TI - [Evaluation of women researchers]. PMID- 7268032 TI - [Relationship of delusions to attempted suicide and suicide]. AB - This article is a contribution to the psychopathology of communication. Using the communication model of orienting behavior the pathological phenomena of delusion, suicide attempt and suicide are dealt with in a communication-theoretical framework. On this basis, the relationship of delusion to suicide attempts and to suicides is examined. The results are that delusion and suicide attempt are subject to a communicative principle, whereas suicide is subject to an anticommunicative principle. Our numerous observations that the act of suicide leading to death is never carried out in a state of delusion are interpreted within the framework of the communication model presented here. PMID- 7268030 TI - [Experimental investigations of electrolyte metabolism of the myocardium during coronary perfusion of isolated hearts of warm blooded animals with ionic, less ionic, and non-ionic contrast media. Part 5 (author's transl)]. AB - In the isolated guinea pig heart the extracellular metabolism of Sodium, Potassium and Calcium after coronary perfusion of ionic, less ionic and non-ionic contrast media has been examined. Under these conditions there are not significant differences of the extracellular metabolism for these electrolytes. The results are controversial to those gained in the whole-body animal. The causes are being discussed. In clinical treatment better tolerance of the patients after the application of less ionic and non-ionic contrast media was observed during laevocardiography and coronarography. PMID- 7268033 TI - [Attempt at a classification of manic-depressive disease course a communications pathology principle]. AB - Delusion, attempted suicide and suicide are represented as phenomena of pathological communication by means of system theory. On this basis the longitudinal observation and treatment of 158 syntonically delusive manic depressives is reported and classified. Here five typical courses of illness can be formulated in terms of communication pathology. The consequences which follow directly from this seem to be of particular interest for therapeutic measures in social psychiatry. PMID- 7268034 TI - Urinary free cortisol excretion in endogenously depressed and schizophrenic patients. AB - In 8 endogenously depressed and 9 schizophrenic patients, the excretion of urinary free cortisol was measured. The endogenous depressives exhibited a significantly (p less than 0.01) higher excretion of free cortisol (X = 122 microgram/24 h or X = 68 microgram/24 h) when compared to schizophrenics. This finding, earlier reported by others, suggests a hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical activation in endogenously depressed patients. PMID- 7268035 TI - [Psychiatric hospitalization of divorced persons]. AB - 100 records of divorced inpatients were compared with 100 records of married inpatients after having been matched according to sex, age, and social background. Almost 50% of the divorced patients were hospitalized within the first year after their divorce, i.e, this is the period which should be concentrated on when taking preventive measures. The most frequent duration of the marriage was between 5 to 10 years whereas in the population it was only between 3 and 5 years. This suggests that divorces after only a few years of marriage do not have such traumatic effects. The diagnoses of psychopathic personality, alcohol and drug dependence, attempted suicide and neurotic and reactive depressions were more frequently made with divorced that with married patients. Affective psychosis and cerebral-organic illnesses, however, were not so often found. The divorced patients being hospitalized within the first year after their divorce could be divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup comprised patients with frequent diagnosis of personality disorders and attempted suicide who were hospitalized for the first time after their divorce and needed only a short-term stay in hospital. In the second subgroup were patients who had already been hospitalized before their divorce - frequently with the diagnosis of schizophrenia -; that means they became recidivous after their divorce and needed a long-term stay in hospital. Social problems were especially relevant with divorced patients. PMID- 7268036 TI - Hypertension control in the United States. Results of a recent study. PMID- 7268038 TI - [Effects of chemical contaminations of the air of work environment on the occurrence of chronic bronchitis and ventilatory lung efficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268040 TI - [Progressive lipodystrophy]. PMID- 7268037 TI - [Some mediators of allergic reaction in patients with ulcerative colitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268039 TI - [The evaluation of clinical use of logistic analysis of R. Henning in prevision of death risk in patients with recent myocardial infarction treated in intensive care unit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268041 TI - [Clinical analysis and disturbances of smell and taste in the Kallmann syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268042 TI - [Immunostimulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268043 TI - [Bactericidal activity of plasma and of leukocytes in patients with ulcerative colitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268044 TI - [Epidemiology of cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268047 TI - [Inflammatory bowel disease: is it caused by an infectious agent?--A look at some old and new theories (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268046 TI - [Acid-peptic ulcer of one of the masks of endogenic depression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268045 TI - [Ergometric studies during the first year after myocardial infarction in patients which died in next years of observation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268048 TI - [The immunology of inflammatory bowel disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268049 TI - [Differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268050 TI - [Incidence and deaths from acute poisonings among children and adults inhabitants of Krakow in 1977--1978 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268052 TI - [Clinical aspects of disseminated intravascular coagulation in acute intoxications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268051 TI - [Accidental poisonings in children under eight years of age: epidemiology--social risks (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268054 TI - [Development of an automatic reporting system for radioimmunoassay test (author's transl)]. AB - The system consists of a conventional RIA total system with a desk-top computer system, and a filing and reporting system of the RIA data with a flexible disk and a printer. Patient's identification is registered in the computer at the time of reception to RIA test. Their identifications are, reception date, name of RIA test, patient name, age, sex, doctor's name, name of clinical department, in- or out-patient, number of samples and it's sampling time, examination date of assay and comments included normal value. These data are recorded to a flexible disk sheet, and are combined with RIA examination data, when data process of radioimmunoassay finished. Result of the RIA test is automatically printed by the printer. Printed parameters are results of examination with standard deviation, and above described patient identifications. If necessary, time activity curves of the density are plotted too. Accurate and automatically reporting system has been applied to the routine RIA test. PMID- 7268053 TI - [The development of the apparatus for the fully automated synthesis of short lived radiopharmaceutical. --13NH3 automated automated synthesis (author's transl)]. AB - A fully automated apparatus for repeated production of 13NH3 from proton bombarded water has been developed. Its operation sequence consists of the introduction of NaOH, the bombarded water containing 13NO3- and TiCl3 into a reaction vessel, the distillation of 13NH3 formed by the reduction of the 13NO3-, and the washing of the vessel for the next sequence. The NaOH and TiCl3 are added as 4 ml of saturated solution and 4 ml of 10% aqueous solution, respectively, and halogen lamps are used as the heat source for the distillation. By this apparatus, 13NH3 can be produced automatically and repeatedly in a radiochemical yield of 80-90% within 10 min from the EOB. PMID- 7268055 TI - [Radioisotope image processing using digital filters based on the fast Hadamard transform (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268056 TI - A routine method for 11CO production. PMID- 7268057 TI - [Studies on the quantitative measurement of HBs antigen by radioimmunoassay kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268058 TI - [Detection of HBc antibody by radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268059 TI - [An evaluation of 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (99mTc-HMDP) as a new bone scanning agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268061 TI - [Neutron activation analysis of human hair--interrelation of hair constituents (author's transl)]. AB - In an attempt to study the availability and limitation of analytical data of human hair as an indicator of environmental pollution and/or of human health effect, concentrations of elements in 202 scalp hair samples collected from local population in the Tokyo Metropolitan area were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The correlation coefficients between concentrations of 13 elements in each sex and in each age group were calculated and discussed. There were significant correlations between some pairs of elements, i.e. Na-K, Br-Cl, Ca-Zn and Ca-Mg, in all five age classes in both of male and female, indicating that the correlations were consistent. Ca was observed to be reversely correlated with Cl. No significant correlation was apparent between Hg and Se, when the correlation coefficient was calculated using logarithmic converted concentration data. PMID- 7268060 TI - [Half value thickness and tenth value thickness of radionuclides in hospitals and medical research institutes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268062 TI - [Obstructive apnea during sleep. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 7268063 TI - [Jaundice. New diagnostic procedures]. PMID- 7268064 TI - [Central American myiasis and the diptera which cause them]. PMID- 7268065 TI - [Metastatic cardiac tumors. Review of autopsies performed at Gorgas Hospital over a 10-year period]. PMID- 7268066 TI - [Anesthesiological management for transcervical thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 7268067 TI - [Presence of antibodies against rubella in urban and rural communities in Panama, and evaluation of the results of neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition tests]. PMID- 7268068 TI - [Ultrasonics used in medicine, does it lack biological effects?]. PMID- 7268069 TI - [Hepatic echography, angiography and angiotomography: results of a combined study in hepatic tumors (author's transl)]. AB - The authors demonstrate the interest of the association among echography, angiography and angiotomography in the diagnosis of the primitive or secondary expansive formation of the liver. The casuistry is based on 22 multiple metastases of the liver, 5 primitive tumours, 3 hepatic echinococcus, 1 abscess of the left lobe, 1 renal tumour and 1 retroperitoneal neuroblastoma with secondary hepatic localizations. The analysis of the comparison of the results among the various methods employed has shown that the identification of the lesion is (resolvable) by echography; the study of the intrahepatic vessels compromise pertains to angiography; echography, even giving significant help in judging about a possible engagement of the vena cava, necessarily needs cavography. PMID- 7268070 TI - [Cholecystography and ultrasounds in the detection of cholelithiasis: a controlled comparison (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268071 TI - [Echotomographic pattern of the gall bladder papilloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268072 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic drainage in diagnosis and palliative treatment of obstructive jaundice (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report their experience about transhepatic cholangiography with skinny needle and external-internal drainage. Results seem to be satisfactory, regarding low frequency of complications, diagnostic reliability of cholangiography and therapeutic palliative efficacy drainage. It is possible to conclude that drainage, as palliative technique in neoplastic patients, is superior or almost equivalent to surgical palliative derivation. PMID- 7268073 TI - [Caroli's disease: ultrasounds, CT, percutaneous cholangiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268074 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of breast lipomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268075 TI - [Comparison between ionic and non ionic contrast media in fast injection nephro urography (author's transl)]. AB - The authors judged the quality of the films in two groups of patients who underwent fast injection nephro-urography with iopamidol and meglumine sodium diatrizoate. The scores ascribed to the urograms obtained with the two contrast media have been compared. The ionic contrast medium got a higher score, at it allowed a better evaluation of ureters and bladder. Tolerability of the two contrast media has been evaluated. PMID- 7268076 TI - [Therapeutic occlusion of the hypogastric arteries with isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate in vesical and prostatic cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The authors refer their clinical experience of the use of embolization of the hypogastric arteries in cases of serious haemorrhage of the bladder and prostate. The immediate results in the 14 cases observed are decidedly positive, especially considering the serious conditions of certain neoplastic patients, which ruled out alternative surgical treatment. Nevertheless, even when the embolization technique has been correctly used, the possibility exists that bleeding may start up again after some time, and this is always caused by the revascularization of the neoplasia. PMID- 7268077 TI - [The use of CT in oncologic radiotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report their three-years experience on the use of CT in oncologic radiotherapy. They present 10 typical cases, using both brain and total body CT, in order to show the main relationships between CT and radiotherapy of deep tumors: 1) more careful oncologic diagnosis; 2) correct geometric approach to treatment planning; 3) good control of treatment, conforming the target-volume to the reduction in size of the tumor; 4) post-radiotherapeutic follow-up. PMID- 7268078 TI - [Incredible journey of a wood splinter: from the zygomatic area to the pharynx]. PMID- 7268079 TI - [Adenoma of the nipple. Presentation of a care in a male patient]. PMID- 7268080 TI - [Case report of massive bilateral kidney lesion from a non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the radiologic picture]. PMID- 7268081 TI - [First experiences of computed tomography in the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268082 TI - [The CT-scan and hypocycloidal cysternography with water soluble non ionic contrast media (metrizamide and iopamidol) in sellar and parasellar lesions (author's transl)]. AB - A group of 30 patients with sellar or parasellar lesions were investigated by CT scan and hypocycloidal tomography after lumbar injection of water-soluble non ionic contrast media. The combination of the 2 techniques (CT-scan and tomography) allowed very satisfactory diagnostic results and the excellent tolerance of non-ionic contrast was confirmed in this patient series. PMID- 7268083 TI - [Changes in the atlanto-odontoid articulation in rheumatoid arthritis. Radiologic observations in 86 cases]. AB - The authors describe the alterations of atlanto-axial joint observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: 16 of 86 patients = 18.6% (15 females and 1 male) showed the presence of joint luxation. The authors suggest that a "dynamic" tomographic study in lateral orthostatic projection, with indifferent position and head flexed, is essential for demonstrating the changes of this joint and that examination should be performed in all patients with rheumatoid arthritis, even if they are asymptomatic. PMID- 7268084 TI - [Os incae (the inca bone) (author's transl)]. AB - The os incae derives from a fusion's failure of the cartilagineous and membranous portions of the occipital bone. It may represent with different features which - sometimes - are misinterpreted as traumatic in origin. The present report is based on the revision of 3697 skull examinations performed during the years 1976 1979 in the Department of Radiology of the Pediatric Clinics and Institute of Child Health of the University of Milan on a random children population. The percentage, frequency and morphological aspects of the os incae are considered. PMID- 7268085 TI - [Bilateral femoral hypoplasia in an adult male (author's transl)]. AB - A case of asymmetrical femoral hypoplasia in an adult male is described; the malformation consists of femoro-tibial fusion in the right leg and femoral hypoplasia affecting the shaft and proximal end in the left; associated abnormalities are pelvis hypoplasia, bilateral fibular emimelia, absence of lateral two rays of feet, triceps muscle hypoplasia of right humerus, thin upper lip and broad nasal tip. PMID- 7268086 TI - [XXXXY syndrome: clinical-radiological findings in one patient (author's transl)]. AB - A case of XXXXY syndrome in a 15 year old male is reported. Clinical findings (mental retardation, muscular hypotonia, hypogonadism, characteristic facies), chromosome analyses as well as fingerprint ridge counts were typical of the syndrome. Several radiological abnormalities were found. It is noteworthy that features consistent with epiphysial dysplasia were present. In the patient's kindred a case of "cri du chat" syndrome and a 5:9 balanced translocation were discovered. PMID- 7268087 TI - [Intensifier fluorography and full-size radiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268088 TI - [Evolution of the N0 patients with primary carcinoma of the oral tongue treated by interstitial radiumtherapy (author's transl)]. AB - In a retrospective and not randomized clinical study we have selected 175 cases of squamous carcinoma of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue treated by interstitial radium therapy on the primary from January 1959 to December 1970. At the end of the treatment 64 patients (36.6%) were operated by radical neck dissection in homolateral lymphatic areas and 111 underwent no operation on the neck. The incidence of false negative is 25% (16/64 cases operated) and 3 patients showed lymph nodal and perilymph nodal metastasis (4.7% of the whole number of operated cases). In the following evolution the homolateral lymph nodal relapse are 2 among the 64 operated patients (3.1%) (both were N+) and 36 among the 101 non operated ones of whom a sufficient follow-up is available (greater than or equal to 3 years) (35.6%); in this last group 9 patients initially were T1, 24 were T2, 3 were T3. The data about the clinical evolution and the analysis of survival curves, in the two groups that underwent or not the neck dissection, permit to draw useful parameters for therapeutic planning. PMID- 7268089 TI - [Rare case of persistence of the proatlantal artery]. PMID- 7268090 TI - [Bilateral cholesteatoma of the middle ear: 2 case reports]. PMID- 7268091 TI - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268092 TI - [Ultrasonographic studies of non opacified gallbladder after cholecystography (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of Real-time and B-mode cholecystosonography immediately performed after one dose oral cholecystography. 861 patients have been studied: oral cholecystography gave non diagnosis in 92 cases (10.6%). Among these, ultrasonography demonstrated: in 39% stones in identifiable gallbladder; in 11% stones in non identifiable gallbladder; in 42.3% gallbladder completely normal; in 7.7% doubtful cases. PMID- 7268093 TI - [Ultrasound and CT imaging formation of hepatic metastases: microangiographic study. Preliminary report (author's transl)]. AB - The authors discuss the echographic and CT imaging of hepatic metastases relying on a comparative experimental echographic, CT, microangiographic and histologic study on isolated livers. They stress the role of the vascular pattern in the ultrasound and CT imaging formation. PMID- 7268094 TI - [Conventional X ray and computed tomography staging of renal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268095 TI - [Gastrointestinal manifestations of masses arising from the kidney's area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268096 TI - [Evaluation of the superficial dose to patients submitted to CT procedures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268097 TI - [6th national congress of the Section of Pediatric Radiology of the International Society of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bologna, 27-28 October 1979. Proceedings]. PMID- 7268098 TI - [The axial computed tomography of normal mediastinum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268099 TI - [Uncommon locations of celomic cysts: a possible cause of error in mediastinal radiology (author's transl)]. AB - Five cases of uncommon locations of mediastinal celomic cysts are presented. All cases were surgically proved. The importance of these locations in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses is stressed. The evaluation of their inner structure by computerized tomography is, without doubt, the best progress in radiological diagnosis of the mediastinum. This method allows, atraumatically, to confirm or exclude the cystic nature of the lesion in one with its precise spatial localization. PMID- 7268100 TI - [Role of conventional radiology and computed tomography in pre-surgical TNM staging of lung tumours: experience on 41 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Comparison between standard radiographic and CT evaluation with surgical exploration was carried on 41 patients affected by bronchogenic carcinoma. The standard radiographic and CT evaluation was mae only for "T" and "N". In the named 41 patients the surgical evaluation of the anatomic extent (only for T and N) was made. T was underestimated by standard radiographic; on the contrary N appeared underestimated by the two radiological methods. PMID- 7268101 TI - [Radiological evaluation of the esophagogastric junction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268102 TI - [Radiological diagnostics of the esophageal perforations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268103 TI - [Radiological investigation of the small bowel by jejunal intubation with a directable device (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268104 TI - [The value of mammography in 1203 breast cancers (author's transl)]. AB - The value of clinical mammography is reviewed on 1203 consecutive cases of histologically proven breast malignancies examined from 1971 to 1978 at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, and at the Radiological Department, University of Milan. The diagnostic effectiveness of mammography in this case-list corresponds to approximately 80%: the influences of the histotype and of the tumor's size on these results are reviewed and discussed. The main radiographic signs of malignancy are presented and their importance in reaching a correct diagnosis is outlined. The advantages and drawbacks of mammography are discussed and, amongst these latter, emphasis is given to structurally dense breasts as an intrinsic factor limiting the effectiveness of mammography. PMID- 7268105 TI - [The arthrography and xeroarthrography in the study of the rheumatoid wrist (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268106 TI - [A case of Weismann-Netter and Stuhl syndrome ("toxopachyosteose diaphysairc tibio-peroniere (author's transl)]. AB - A sporadic case of Weismann-Netter and Stuhl syndrome with typical bilateral leg changes, marked kyphoscoliosis anc costal deformity, iliac wings very expanded and horizontal sacrum, dolichophalangy in the hands is described. To explain the pathogenesis of tibial and fibular changes, a coexistence of exaggerated developmental external rotation of distal end of the tibia with a mechanism of functional adaptation is supposed. PMID- 7268107 TI - [Nelson's syndrome. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of Nelson syndrome with typical clinical and laboratory features are presented. Both had radiological evidence of pituitary tumor; in one case it was evident on the plain film while in the other one it was better appreciated by means of tomography. It is important in the post-surgery follow-up of patients who underwent bilateral adrenectomy for Cushing's disease a periodical evaluation of skin pigmentation, visual field width and sellar morphology for the early detection of a pituitary adenoma. PMID- 7268108 TI - [Retrocaval ureter. A case of hydronephrosis and renal calculi]. PMID- 7268109 TI - [Cavernous hemangioma and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: angiographic aspects and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7268110 TI - Factors influencing the toxicity and antigenicity of detoxified Apis mellifera venom. PMID- 7268111 TI - Protective action of cold acclimatization against carbon tetrachloride and ethionine-induced fatty livers. PMID- 7268113 TI - [Treatment of thyrotoxicosis. III. Surgical treatment]. PMID- 7268112 TI - [Autonomic cardiac neuropathy in the diabetic]. PMID- 7268114 TI - [Occupational nature of latrodectism in Mediterranean countries, with special reference to experiences in Yugoslavia and Spain]. PMID- 7268115 TI - [Hyperlipidemia and chronic ischemic syndrome of the lower limbs caused by atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7268116 TI - [Dynamics of serum lipids correlated with plaque in atheroma]. PMID- 7268117 TI - [Urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium and uric acid in kidney stone patients, their asymptomatic relatives and healthy subjects]. PMID- 7268118 TI - [Acute unilateral pulmonary edema in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7268119 TI - [Pycnodysostosis. Radiological and endocrinological study]. PMID- 7268120 TI - [Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. I. 2 new cases in siblings]. PMID- 7268121 TI - [Alcoholic polyneuritis. Clinical and electromyographic study]. PMID- 7268122 TI - [Zinc and copper in acute myocardial infarction and its correlation with enzymatic activity]. PMID- 7268123 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis and cardiopathy]. PMID- 7268124 TI - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a study of 11 cases]. PMID- 7268125 TI - [Tobacco and cancer]. PMID- 7268126 TI - [Contribution of gas-liquid chromatography to the early diagnosis of bacteremia]. PMID- 7268127 TI - [Changes in erythrocyte levels of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid in patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7268129 TI - [Amyloidosis and hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7268128 TI - [IgD myeloma with amyloidosis. Description of a case]. PMID- 7268130 TI - [New technic for mechanical ventilation in thoracic surgery]. PMID- 7268131 TI - [Program of respiratory and hemodynamic constants for the electronic calculator]. PMID- 7268132 TI - [Surgical treatment of ascites with the LeVeen shunt]. PMID- 7268133 TI - [Significance of the measurement of plasma pseudocholinesterase in the preanesthetic examination]. PMID- 7268134 TI - [Changes in the values of K+ in preanesthetic pentothal and succinylcholine]. PMID- 7268135 TI - [Importance of immediate treatment in drowning and evaluation of therapeutic efficiency]. PMID- 7268136 TI - [Rare complication of prolonged mechanical ventilation]. PMID- 7268137 TI - [Early gastric cancer in Spain. Analysis of 144 cases coming from 20 health centers]. PMID- 7268138 TI - [Pancreas divisum. Frequency in our practice]. PMID- 7268139 TI - [Injuries of the pancreas apropos of 6 cases]. PMID- 7268140 TI - [Prevalence of chronic antral gastritis in non-ulcerous dyspepsia (dyspepsia nervosa)]. PMID- 7268141 TI - [Treatment of anal fissure by internal lateral sphincterotomy. Personal experience]. PMID- 7268142 TI - [Preparation for diagnostic oral fibroendoscopy. Evaluation of 4,175 cases]. PMID- 7268143 TI - [Traumatic hemobilia. Apropos of a case treated by controlled right hepatectomy]. PMID- 7268144 TI - [Complications of jejuno-ileal bypass in the surgical treatment of obesity]. PMID- 7268145 TI - [Mesenteric fibromatosis: apropos of a case]. PMID- 7268146 TI - [Phytobezoar and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7268147 TI - [Morgagni's diaphragmatic hernia. Review of cases in Spain]. PMID- 7268148 TI - [Changes in post-experimental portacaval shunt muscular and hepatic glycogen]. PMID- 7268149 TI - [Vasoactive action of glucagon on the portal system. 1. Study on the mesenteric vascular system of the dog]. PMID- 7268150 TI - [Gastric radiological study after Nissen's operation]. PMID- 7268152 TI - [C3 and C4 in liver disease]. PMID- 7268151 TI - [Gray-scale ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cholestasis]. PMID- 7268153 TI - [Chronic antral gastritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Study of 43 cases]. PMID- 7268154 TI - [Pancreatic rupture through a wound near Scarpa's triangle]. PMID- 7268156 TI - [Nasogastric sound for the selective and simultaneous extraction of duodenal and gastric secretions]. PMID- 7268157 TI - [Polyps and polyposis of the colon]. PMID- 7268155 TI - [Cystic lymphangioma of the mesentery]. PMID- 7268159 TI - [Leukoerythroblastosis as a manifestation of disseminated neuroblastoma in childhood]. AB - A check is made of the hematologic disorders in 20 children with neuroblastoma and its relation with the stage of the tumour. The 75% of the patients had metastasis when they are examined, 70% anemia, 15% leukopenia, 20% thrombopenia and 50% leukoerythroblastosis. The patients with leukoerythroblastosis all had remote metastasis and made up 66% of the children with IV or IV-S stage. In 50% of the patients there was metastasis in the bone marrow and 80% of these had leukoerythroblastosis. PMID- 7268158 TI - C1 esterase inhibitor protein associated with human cancer: a tumour marker. AB - The concentration of a cancer-associated serum C1 esterase inhibitor protein was determined in 194 cases of human cancer, grouped according to their clinical activity. As control groups healthy blood donors and patients having non neoplastic chronic lung and liver diseases were included in the study. The results showed highly significant differences when the values obtained for "active" malignant tumors were compared with the two control groups and the quiescent tumours. The authors conclude that C1 esterase inhibitor protein measurement may be useful as a clinical tumour marker. PMID- 7268161 TI - [Report of the activities of the Instituto Nacional de Oncologia 1979]. PMID- 7268160 TI - [Late postgastrectomy sequellae: primary cancers of the gastric stump]. AB - The authors describe 8 cases of carcinoma of the gastric stump, 6 after Billroth II and 2 after Billroth I resection. They were observed after a free interval of 18.5 years and formed 3 per 100 of the treated gastric and duodenal malignant tumors. The authors indicate the surgical technique they recommend to prevent the malignant degeneration following operations for benign gastric or duodenal ulcers. PMID- 7268162 TI - [General remarks on the transport of drugs through the dialysis membrane]. PMID- 7268163 TI - [Critical evaluation of the median-term results of the surgical treatment of Crohn disease]. PMID- 7268164 TI - The conduct of a cooperative clinical trial. PMID- 7268165 TI - Prostate cancer. Lymphography. PMID- 7268166 TI - Dynamics of horticultural therapy. PMID- 7268167 TI - Treatment of obesity in mentally retarded persons: the rehabilitator's role. PMID- 7268168 TI - Comprehensive vocational evaluation for clients with psychiatric impairments. PMID- 7268169 TI - Diabetes mellitus: implications for the rehabilitation professional. PMID- 7268170 TI - The collection and storage of human milk. Report of a Working Party on Human Milk Banks, Panel on Child Nutrition. Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. PMID- 7268171 TI - Biologic influences on exercise adherence. PMID- 7268172 TI - Biomechanical effects of fatigue on 10,000 meter running technique. PMID- 7268173 TI - Transient VO2 characteristics in children at the onset of steady-rate exercise. PMID- 7268174 TI - Grip and forearm position effects on tests of static and dynamic upper body endurance. PMID- 7268175 TI - Perceptions about the objectives of student teaching. PMID- 7268177 TI - Isometric knee extension and plantar flexion muscle fatigue and fiber type composition in female distance runners. PMID- 7268178 TI - Effects of success/failure and extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation using a competitive motor task. PMID- 7268176 TI - Videotape replay and the learning of skills in open and closed environments. PMID- 7268179 TI - Age role expectations and sex role expectations for selected sport activities. PMID- 7268180 TI - Motivation for and extent of participation in organized sports by high school seniors. PMID- 7268181 TI - A tennis forehand-backhand drive skill test which measures ball control and stroke firmness. PMID- 7268182 TI - Relative endurance and physiological responses: a study of individual differences in prepubescent boys and adult men. PMID- 7268183 TI - A hand held electrode for quick assessment of the EKG. PMID- 7268184 TI - Matching of male and female subjects using VO2 max. PMID- 7268185 TI - Energy cost of rebound-running. PMID- 7268187 TI - Modifications to the Bassin anticipation timer. PMID- 7268188 TI - Physical characteristics and oxygen utilization of male and female marathon runners. PMID- 7268186 TI - Observation and classification of prehension in preschool children: a reliability study. PMID- 7268189 TI - Comparison of self-concepts of women high school and college tournament basketball players. PMID- 7268190 TI - Reversible metabolism and pharmacokinetics: application to prednisone prednisolone. AB - The simplest three pharmacokinetic models which apply in cases of reversible metabolism are described. Area under the curve (AUC) relationships are described which allow one to make a choice of which one of the three models may apply in a particular case. Expressions for clearances and other pharmacokinetic parameters are given. It is shown that biexponential time courses are expected after bolus intravenous administration although distribution is not involved in the models. In some cases dose/AUC or infusion rate/steady-state concentration yield simple clearances, while in other cases they are complex. AUC data obtained following oral administration of 5 mg doses of prednisone and prednisolone to 16 normal volunteers were analyzed with the new concepts and one of the models was found to apply. This new interpretation of such data results in some significant changes from application of classical pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7268191 TI - The pharmacodynamics of bucainide (RHC G233): pharmacokinetic parameters and relationship between plasma levels and the effect on the electrocardiogram in the dog. AB - The pharmacodynamic profile of bucainide dimaleate (RHC G-233) in dogs has been studied. The first observed pharmacologic effect was a change in the ECG pattern (T-wave duration and amplitude) that occurred after an average intravenous dose of 2.7 mg/kg. The average plasma concentration of bucainide was approximately 350 ng/ml. Analysis of data from dogs that received a dual infusion of bucainide indicated that bucainide has an extensive volume of distribution, with an average value of approximately 26 l/kg. An average terminal half-life of 89 minutes was observed. Studies with the radiolabeled drug in rats and dogs also demonstrated the drug's large volume of distribution, and its initial rapid disappearance from the blood. Tissue distribution studies in the rat after administration of the radiolabeled drug showed that bucainide is rapidly taken up by the tissues. PMID- 7268192 TI - Cardiovascular actions of angiotensin in the fowl (Gallus domesticus). I. Analysis. AB - Chicken aorta, unlike the aortae of any other species tested, did not respond to angiotensin II (AII) at concentrations up to 10(-4) M. The anesthetized chicken did, however, show a blood pressure increase in response to AII, but this was apparently dependent on the sympathetic nervous system. In the conscious chicken a biphasic response to AII was seen--an initial depressor response followed by a pressor response. The depressor response was not inhibited by standard blocking agents, but was blocked by prior induction of tachyphylaxis to vasopressin. It is concluded that the depressor response to AII in the conscious chicken is due to release of vasotocin, the avian equivalent to vasopressin, and the subsequent pressor response to AII is due to activation of the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 7268194 TI - The interaction of a quinone pigment, xanthomegnin, with the mitochondrial respiratory chain. AB - The interaction of xanthomegnin, a quinone pigment, with the mitochondrial respiratory chain was demonstrated. Xanthomegnin was reduced by succinate, in the presence of submitochondrial particles or mitochondria, only after all oxygen had been consumed in the system, and the reduction was inhibited by antimycin A or KCN. Xanthomegnin was immediately reduced by NADH in a similar system, the reduced xanthomegnin was reoxidized by oxygen but the reduction by NADH was not inhibited by antimycin A or KCN. Xanthomegnin was also immediately reduced by NADH catalyzed by a purified particulate NADH dehydrogenase complex showing a molar ratio of 2 moles NADH for one mole of xanthomegnin. Reoxidation of the reduced pigment by oxygen occurred in this system. Oxygen consumption was accelerated when xanthomegnin was added to a reaction medium containing NADH, NADH segment and cytochrome c oxidase. Subsequent addition of cytochrome c resulted in a further marked acceleration of oxygen consumption. These results suggest that xanthomegnin interacts with the NAD-linked respiratory chain to produce a xanthomegnin shunt, but this does not occur with the succinate-linked chain. PMID- 7268193 TI - Preliminary observations on the absorption of liposome-encapsulated drug by the intestinal lymphatics. AB - The absorption of liposome-encapsulated drug by the intestinal lymphatics was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats after quinidine liposomes were given by oral intubation and direct introduction into the duodenum. When compared to an aqueous solution and drug given with empty liposomes, liposome encapsulation retarded the rate of lymphatic quinidine absorption after oral administration and increased the rate after intraduodenal administration. The lipid properties of the liposomes are one possible explanation for these divergent observations. The liposomes had no effect on the extent of lymphatic drug absorption. The results show that substantial work is needed in this area. PMID- 7268195 TI - Biochemical aspect of dimethyl sulfide breath test in the studies on methionine metabolism. AB - Dimethyl sulfide concentration in expired alveolar gas (abb. alv-DMS) was determined following oral or intravenous administration of DL-, L- or D methionine in healthy volunteers. Fasting level of alv-DMS was 1.9 +/- 1.3 ng/dl (mean +/- SD) in all the experimental subjects (N = 38). Following ingestion of 2.0 g of DL-methionine, alv-DMS increased to a peak of 37.1 +/- 21.7 ng/dl. Following administration of 1.0 g of D-methionine, the peak values of alv-DMS were 66.0 +/- 42.1 ng/dl (mean +/- SD) (orally) and 60.0 +/- 19.9 ng/dl (intravenously). In contrast, 2.0 g of L-methionine administration caused quite a little increase in alv-DMS; 4.6 +/- 2.6 ng/dl (orally) and 4.2 +/- 2.1 ng/dl (intravenously). In view of these results, it is apparent that the increase in alv-DMS following administration of methionine is certainly related to D methionine metabolism. The threshold level for DMS exhalation in normal subjects was between 0.5 and 1.0 g for D-isomer and more than 2.0 g for L-isomer of methionine. Since the behavior of methyl mercaptan in expired alveolar gas (abb. alv-MM) was different from and disproportionate to that of alv-DMS, the increase in alv-DMS following D-methionine administration seemed to be caused by the mechanisms other than MM formation. PMID- 7268196 TI - Manganese-nickel interaction in a tracheal ring model system. AB - The effects of NiCl2 and MnCl2 on the ciliary activity in mouse trachea were observed in an organ culture system. Following exposure for 2 hours to NiCl2 (0.5 or 2.0 mM) in Medium 199 40 respectively 0% of the ciliary activity remained. By simultaneous exposure to increasing concentrations of MnCl2 the toxic effect of NiCl2 was reduced and the ciliary activity following 2 hours incubation in the presence of 0.5 or 2.0 mM NiCl2 was 81 and 62%. At these nickel-concentrations optimal protection was obtained by about half the molar concentration of MnCl2. Preincubation in medium supplemented with NiCl2 followed by incubation in medium with MnCl2 added gave better protection than that obtained by changing to Medium 199 alone. Preincubation in 0.25 mM MnCl2 did not reduce nickel toxicity. PMID- 7268197 TI - Effects of intermittent dichloromethane inhalation on blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration and drug metabolizing enzymes in rat. AB - Rats were exposed to dichloromethane vapor in concentrations of 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, or 1000 ppm as a time-weighted average. All of the exposures lasted for 6 h, five days a week for two weeks. Kidney microsomes displayed a dose-dependent enhancement of the ethoxy-coumarin O-deethylase activity. After the second week the enhancement was accompanied by an increase in the renal glutathione content. In the liver, the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity showed a dose-dependent increase and the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity decreased. The hepatic glutathione content remained unchanged. Dichloromethane exposure did not affect the hemoglobin concentration of the blood. An 8 to 9% COHb concentration was found after exposure in all of the study groups. The similarity of COHb concentrations suggest that, in the rat, the metabolic pathway converting dichloromethane to CO is saturated already at the lowest exposure level under study. PMID- 7268198 TI - Levorphanol: a simplified radioimmunoassay for clinical use. AB - A recently reported radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure (Res. Comm. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol 29, 535, 1980) developed for the quantitation of the narcotic analgesic, levorphanol, in dog plasma has been simplified for clinical use using the original antiserum to an albumin conjugate of (-)-3-hydroxy-N carboxymethylmorphinan. Due to the absence of and/or insignificant concentrations of the cross-reactive metabolite, nor-levorphanol, in human plasma, the new simplified procedure allows for the specific quantitation of levorphanol directly in clinical plasma samples, thereby circumventing the extraction and chromatographic steps of the original procedure. The direct procedure has a limit of sensitivity of 1 ng/ml of levorphanol using a 20 microliter sample of plasma and is ideally suited for the routine determination of steady state plasma concentrations of levorphanol in patients receiving various therapeutic doses of the drug. In two subjects studied the apparent half-lives of elimination of levorphanol from plasma were 10 and 16 hr. The characteristics and use of another antiserum to levorphanol, obtained by immunization of rabbits with an albumin conjugate of (-)-3-O-carboxymethyl-N-methylmorphinan, is discussed. PMID- 7268199 TI - Prostaglandin F2 alpha effects on the early mouse embryo. AB - Subcutaneous treatment of pregnant mice with 50, 100 and 200 micrograms PGF 2 alpha on gestational day 5 and 200 micrograms on gestational day 3 or 6 resulted in fetal growth retardation. Litter size was significantly reduced following treatment with 50 micrograms or 100 micrograms PGF 2 alpha on day 6 of pregnancy and the incidence of resorptions was increased following treatment with 50 micrograms on gestational day 6. PMID- 7268200 TI - Chelation in metal intoxication XI: effect of thiol chelators on lead poisoned rabbits. AB - Potentials of 2,3 Dimercapto succinic acid (DMS) and D-Penicillamine, the currently acclaimed heavy metal chelating drugs, to enhance urinary excretion of lead and restore altered levels of urinary delta-amino-levulinic acid (delta-ALA) and blood lead, -zinc-protoporphyrin (ZPP) -delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) in lead poisoned rabbits, were compared. The better performance of DMS than D-Penicillamine has been attributed to two -SH groups as a stronger metal binding site in DMS molecule. PMID- 7268201 TI - Sex-related differences in selenium-induced alterations in drug action in the rat. AB - Three days after pretreatment of rats of both sexes with sodium selenite (2.4 mg Se/kg, ip) the duration of pentobarbital-induced hypnosis was potentiated in males but not females. Similar treatment with selenium led to a significant inhibition of ethylmorphine demethylase activity by hepatic microsomal enzymes obtained from male but not female rats. Selenium treatment did not alter the activity of aniline hydroxylase in animals of either sex. These data show that there is a sex-related difference in the ability of selenium to alter drug response and hepatic drug metabolism, which is substrate-specific, in the rat. PMID- 7268202 TI - In vitro conjugation of the trichloroethylene metabolite trichloroethanol to a fatty acid. AB - Trichloroethanol (TCA), a major metabolite of the known carcinogen trichloroethylene (TCE), was shown to conjugate to palmitic acid in an in vitro rat liver coenzyme A fortified microsomal system. This conjugation of a fatty acid to one of its major metabolites may be the mechanism by which TCE is retained in the body and ultimately exerts its toxic or carcinogenic effect. PMID- 7268203 TI - Liver histological changes and plasma high density lipoproteins in man. AB - The relationship between liver histology and plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) was investigated in 40 patients with diagnostic liver biopsy. The subjects with slight or marked changes in liver histology had low HDL cholesterol and apoprotein (A-I and A-II) levels, low HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratios and high triglyceride concentrations as compared with subjects with a normal liver. Plasma HDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and apoprotein A-I were directly proportional and triglycerides inversely proportional to the amount of non-fatty parenchyma in the livers. Conventional liver tests were not related to liver histology. The findings indicate that plasma HDL levels reflect alterations in hepatic parenchyma. Quantitative assessments of liver changes may hence be of significance when evaluating plasma HDL levels. PMID- 7268204 TI - Effect of methylglyoxal on rat liver lysosome-vacuolar apparatus. AB - Methylglyoxal (MeG) administration to rats doesn't cause any change in liver lysosome integrity; on the other hand, lysosome osmotic fragility appears highly increased at short times after the treatment. Concomitantly, a significant decrease of the residual latent activity of acid phosphatase (RLA = activity which cannot be unmasked by extensive hypo-osmotic shock) occurs. Cycloheximide (CHM), when administered shortly before MeG, prevents both the changes in RLA and in osmotic fragility. These results point to a big stimulation of autophagy in rat liver by MeG. PMID- 7268205 TI - Metformin-induced lactic acidosis: potentiation by ethanol. AB - Although lactic acidosis has been recognized as a potential hazard in biguanide therapy, this complication has been claimed to be extremely rare with dimethylbiguanide (DMBG) (metformin). In the present studies, using the fasted guinea pig, DMBG (125-500 mg/kg i.p.) caused marked dose-related changes in both plasma glucose (43-88% reduction) and blood lactate (3.5-13 fold increase). Lactate/pyruvate ratios were substantially increased. While i.p. doses of 100 mg/kg of DMBG or of 1 g/kg of ethanol produced no changes in plasma glucose, lactate or pyruvate, the two drugs administered conjointly at the indicated doses produced a 53% decrease in plasma glucose and 2 and 10-fold increases in pyruvate and lactate levels respectively, and correspondingly, an increase in the lactate/pyruvate ratio. Ethanol decay curves indicated that DMBG did not significantly influence the disappearance of ethanol from the blood. These results indicate that: (1) doses of DMBG which produce hypoglycemia are associated with lactic acidosis, and (2) this effect of DMBG can be markedly potentiated by ethanol. PMID- 7268207 TI - Arterial and venous blood sampling in pharmacokinetic studies: propranolol in rabbits and dogs. AB - Significant and persistent arterial-venous (A-V) plasma concentration differences of propranolol in unanesthetized rabbits and dogs following intravenous bolus injection or intravenous infusion were found. Both arterial and venous data were then subjected to extensive pharmacokinetic analyses utilizing standard procedures. Marked differences in calculated noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters such as the steady-state volume of distribution, absolute amount present in the body, and relative contribution of the terminal phase were obtained. The appropriateness of using venous propranolol plasma data for multicompartmental mammillary pharmacokinetic modeling analysis was discussed. The significance of the present study in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations of propranolol in humans remains to be explored. PMID- 7268206 TI - Identification of p(4')-hydroxyantipyrine as a metabolite of antipyrine in man. AB - Several metabolites of antipyrine have been known for many years, but their recovery does not fully account for the drug in man. During the development of a HPLC assay of 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine, a major metabolite of antipyrine, the presence of another metabolite was noted. Its structure was postulated to be p(4')-hydroxyantipyrine (pOHA) on the basis of chemical derivatization and of mass spectrometry. The structure was confirmed by physicochemical comparison with a synthetic compound. The amount of pOHA in man is small, representing about 2-4% of the dose and less than 1% in the rat. PMID- 7268208 TI - Effect of imipramine on high potassium evoked 3H-dopamine release in the rat striatum. AB - The effects of three different types of dopamine (DA) uptake inhibitor, imipramine, cocaine and nomifensine, were examined on high potassium evoked 3H-DA release using tissues obtained from rat striatum by a micropuncture technique. Imipramine caused an increase in 3H-DA efflux and this imipramine-induced efflux is Ca2+-independent. Moreover, imipramine reduced the high potassium evoked release, and at 50 microM, the release by potassium stimulation was entirely abolished. These results support that imipramine depletes vesicular DA which is released by potassium stimulation as well as an inhibitory effect on DA uptake. However, nomifensine dose not have such an effect. PMID- 7268209 TI - Concomitant analysis of normetanephrine and 3-methoxytyramine in brain: a new gas liquid chromatography procedure. AB - A novel gas chromatographic procedure utilizing a glass capillary column and electron-capture detection is described for the simultaneous assay in brain of normetanephrine and 3-methoxytyramine, the 3-0-methylated metabolites or noradrenaline and dopamine respectively. The procedure has been used to quantitate these amines in whole rat brain and to demonstrate their post-mortem accumulation. PMID- 7268210 TI - Alterations of muscarinic synaptic activity by anionic liposomes. AB - Liposomes made of phosphatidyl serine and dioleylphosphatidic acid have two effects on contraction of the guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparation. First, the liposomes directly stimulate contraction, apparently through acetylcholine release. Second, after the liposomes are removed from the Tyrode solution bathing the preparation, electrical field stimulation or acetylcholine addition produce contractions which are significantly less than control. The acetylcholine release effect is presynaptic, on the nerve terminal, while the decreased responsiveness effect is postsynaptic, at the level of the muscarinic receptor. PMID- 7268211 TI - Cimetidine: a specific inhibitor of hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in the rat. AB - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was selectively inhibited in hepatic microsomes prepared 2 hours after administration of cimetidine (150 mg/kg, i.p.) to male Wistar rats. Cytochrome P-450 content and other mixed function oxidase activities were not affected. In rats pretreated with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene, cimetidine caused a 50% and 90% reduction or aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity respectively, compared to 70% inhibition in uninduced animals. Chronic administration of cimetidine (150 mg/kg, b.i.d. for 5 days) to uninduced rats resulted in 70% inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase but no change in other microsomal enzyme activities. Hexobarbital sleeping time was markedly prolonged 30 min after a single dose of cimetidine but had returned to control values after 24 hrs. Similar effects were observed with chronic dosing of cimetidine. It is concluded that in vivo administration of cimetidine is a relatively specific inhibitor of hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in the rat, and that cimetidine does not induce the microsomal mixed function oxidase system when administered chronically. PMID- 7268212 TI - Competition by meperidine for the organic cation renal excretory system. AB - Renal tubular excretory transport of meperidine was studied using the Sperber preparation in chickens. When urine samples from infused and uninfused kidneys were analyzed for meperidine by gas chromatography, meperidine was always present in greater amounts in the urine from the infused kidney, demonstrating active tubular excretion. Meperidine at an infusion rate of 1 mumole/min, also inhibited the excretion of the organic cations choline and acetylcholine, indicating occupation of the renal organic cation excretory system in the chicken. PMID- 7268213 TI - The interaction of topically applied toluene and ambient temperature on O2 uptake of tissue homogenates. AB - These studies examined the role of toluene in temperature-cancer experiments where it was used as a solvent for benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Toluene (0.08 ml/wk topically) and ambient temperature (cool Ta = 16 degrees C, normal Ta = 23 degrees C and warm Ta = 32 degrees C) interacted to affect O2 uptake of tissue homogenates. After 3.5 weeks of acclimation and 2 weeks of toluene (0.16 ml total), O2 uptake of muscle homogenates was elevated 32% for all Ta's; O2 uptake of skin homogenates was elevated 139% for all Ta's; however, O2 uptake of liver homogenates was elevated 665% in cool Ta, elevated 36% in normal Ta but depressed 50% in warm Ta. The pattern of liver homogenate O2 uptake of C greater than N greater than W is similar to that for tumorigenesis when BaP is dissolved in the toluene, although toluene alone is nontumorigenic. Common cellular mechanisms may be involved in the metabolism of toluene, the activation of BaP and in thermogenic acclimation. PMID- 7268214 TI - Four stages of mitochondrial deterioration in hemorrhagic shock. AB - It is of great importance to define the manner in which cells are damaged and how intracellular derangement becomes irreversible during shock. When supply of both oxygen and substrates to cells is limited during shock, cellular energy metabolism of vital organs is severely depressed. In this experiment, the relationship was clarified between the reversibility of shock and the cellular energy status, from the viewpoint of hepatic energy change, mitochondrial redox state, ATP synthesis of isolated mitochondria, and fragility of mitochondrial membrane in rat livers. The derangement of energy metabolism passed through a series of four stages during hemorrhagic shock. At Stage I (initial stage), the cellular energy level decreased greatly due to marked energy consumption, without any organic damages in the mitochondria. Stage II (cell distress stage) showed that cellular energy imbalance occurred due to the depressed mitochondrial activity in vivo, although it was reversible when the blood supply was restored. Stage III (transitional stage) was the phase at which mitochondrial fragility increased severely. At Stage IV (terminal stage), mitochondria were markedly damaged organically and cellular energy metabolism was not remedied by any intensive therapies, which inevitably meant the death of vital organs. PMID- 7268215 TI - [Intestinal absorption of zinc during gravidity and lactation (author's transl)]. AB - In two experimental series the absorption of zinc was continuously studied during gravidity and lactation with Sprague-Dawley rats of the same age. The absorption was measured in vitro with isolated, everted intestinal sacs. During the first third of gravidity the absorption of zinc--based on the intestinal Zn transfer to the serosal solution and the Zn uptake into the intestinal wall--rose at first slightly, during the second third it continued to increase, whereas there was a highly significant increase during the last third of gravidity in comparison to nongravid, nonlactating control animals (P less than 0.001). Shortly before parturition the absorption already started to fall and continued to do so during lactation. Therefore, Zn absorption was higher only in the first days of lactation in comparison to the controls (P less than 0.05). Reasons were discussed for these changes in the absorption during gravidity and lactation. PMID- 7268216 TI - Myocardial triglycerides increased by fasting. Effects of hypoxia on contractility and enzymatic release. AB - The effect of fasting on the mechanics of contraction was studied in the isolated perfused rat heart, in oxygenated and hypoxic conditions. Animals were subjected to 48 h of fasting, a condition which produces augmented endogenous triglycerides (TG). Normal and fasted rats were submitted to a 10-min period of hypoxia, which depressed peak tension (Tp), maximal rate of contraction (Tc), and relaxation (Tr); all three parameters recovered with reoxygenation. However, Tp and Tc of hearts of fasted animals were less affected by hypoxia, and Tp, Tc, and Tr attained higher levels during reoxygenation compared with hearts of normally fed animals. These results suggest that as triglycerides are augmented, they might have a beneficial action on the hypoxic heart, though other unknown effects of fasting cannot be discarded. LDH was the only cardiac enzyme whose release in the perfusion medium significantly increased in hypoxic hearts, irrespective of the fasting state of the animal. The positive correlation between LDH and an index of relative recovery (IH) for Tp, Tc, and Tr, indicate that not only hypoxia but a good recovery are necessary to yield high LDH values. PMID- 7268217 TI - Effect of neurotensin on regional intestinal blood flow in the dog. AB - The effects of various doses of synthetic neurotensin on regional blood flow in different tissue layers of the stomach, small bowel, colon, pancreas, brain, kidneys, adrenal gland, and heart of six dogs was studied using an isotope microsphere technique. Infusion of high doses (20, 40 pmol/kg . min(-1)) of exogenous synthetic neurotensin caused an increase of blood flow in the "muscularis" of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. Neurotensin infused in a dose (2.5 pmol/kg . min(-1)) raising neurotensin plasma levels to concentrations comparable to those observed after a meal caused an increase of blood flow in the muscular layer in ileum. Our results suggest that one of the physiologic actions of neurotensin may be the regulation of blood flow in the muscular layer of the ileum. PMID- 7268218 TI - Experimental studies on the effect of artificial respiration after lightning accidents. AB - Many suggestions have been made regarding protective methods against lightning, without any quantitative tests of safety. As a fundamental study on lightning protection, the lethal threshold energy for the artificial lightning impulse was investigated, using 14 rabbits. The voltage and current impulse had a 1 microsecond wave front and 40 microsecond wave tail. The imposed energy was measured by simultaneous photographic recording of both voltage and current waves on separate oscilloscopes. The impulse voltage was applied to head, neck, upper chest, and lower chest while the right hind limb was grounded. Artificial lightning current impulses were fed through the skin of the animals by making the surface flash over so that the surface flash was monitored carefully to delete the data of this case which gives an erroneous energy value from the statistical analysis. The lethal threshold energy was found to be 157.6 +/- 54.1 Joule (J), and the percentage of survival was 25% when 160 J impulse energy was given. Impulses of 160 J were then applied to the heads of 21 other rabbits maintained on an artificial respirator. Under these conditions the percentage of survival increased significantly to 47.6%. PMID- 7268219 TI - The relative importance of skin oxygen uptake in the naturally buried plaice, Pleuronectes platessa, exposed to graded hypoxia. AB - Cutaneous O2-uptake has been estimated in plaice, Pleuronectes platessa, naturally buried in sediment as the difference between total O2-uptake, measured in a flow-through respirometer, and branchial O2-uptake calculated from direct and continuous recordings of gill water flow and O2-extraction from the ventilatory current. At conditions of aerated water cutaneous O2-uptake made up 27% of total uptake. During exposure to hypoxic water, cutaneous O2-uptake declined less than O2-uptake across the gills. Hence the relative importance of cutaneous O2-uptake increased with progressive hypoxia, making up 37% of total at a water PO2 of 40 mm Hg. Factors are discussed which may affect the level of cutaneous O2-uptake at changing conditions of ambient O2-availability. PMID- 7268220 TI - Gill O2 consumption in a teleost fish, Gadus morhua. AB - Stimulated by the many physiological functions of fish gills this study reports on perfusion studies of gill arches and head preparations from the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, with the objective of determining the oxygen requirement of gill tissues in situ. An additional objective was to assess what fraction of the gill tissue O2 consumption is taken up directly from ambient water without intervention of internal gill perfusion. At 15 degrees C and air-saturated ambient water about 58% of the total gill O2 requirement was taken up from the perfusate while 42% entered gill tissues directly from ambient water. In relation to total O2 uptake of intact cod fish the gill tissue requires 6.65% giving gill tissues a weight-specific O2 requirement of 95.2 microliter O2 . g body wt-1 . h 1 or nearly twice that of the intact fish (54.5 microliter O2 . g body wt-1 . h 1). It is discussed how the gill tissue O2 requirement influences the employment of the Fick principle for calculations of cardiac output in fishes. PMID- 7268221 TI - The anatomical basis for the sloping N2 plateau. AB - We examined the influence of asymmetry on the interaction of convection and gas phase diffusion within the acinus of the lung. Single breaths of O2 were simulated by solving a differential equation for gas transport in two trumpet shaped units which were joined at a branch point and whose relative lengths and volumes were made to vary. Despite synchronous bulk flow to the from the units, in proportion to their relative volumes, the shorter unit always reached a higher O2 concentration (FO2) at end inspiration. Interdependence of gas transport at the branch point resulted in a falling FO2 within the shorter unit during expiration. The FO2 at the exit of the model therefore decreased progressively throughout expiration, simulating a sloping alveolar plateau. The simulations suggest that despite the relatively short distances separating parallel intra acinar pathways, convective-diffusive interactions in the presence of asymmetry may produce substantial inhomogeneity in alveolar gas concentrations. Furthermore, the slope of the N2 plateau in the normal mammalian lung is explicable on the basis of the asymmetrical airway anatomy and well defined physical processes. PMID- 7268222 TI - Adaptation of tracheal stretch receptors. AB - The adapting properties of airways slowly adapting stretch receptors have been generally measured as their declining response to maintained inflation only within the first few seconds. We measured the adaptation of tracheal stretch receptors for periods of 30 min or more and related this property to the mechanics of the structure containing them, i.e. the trachealis muscle. We recorded action potentials from thin filaments of the right vagus originating from slowly adapting stretch receptors in the extra-thoracic trachea of spontaneously breathing dogs. A transversal elongation was applied at constant speed to the posterior region of the extra-thoracic trachea and maintained for at least 30 min. The receptor discharge declined rapidly at first and progressively more slowly afterwards reaching a steady value after approximately 3 min. A similar time course was measured for the decay in force developed by the trachealis muscle subjected to a comparable elongation. The rapid decay in receptor discharge was affected by the rate at which the elongation was introduced. The slower decrease in activity resembles the stress relaxation process of the trachealis muscle. Antidromic stimulation of the endings did not modify the time course of their adaption. From these results we infer that the adaptive processes of these tracheal receptors are essentially dependent on the visco-elastic properties of the trachealis muscle. PMID- 7268223 TI - Augmentation of carotid body chemoreceptor responses by isoproterenol in the cat. AB - The effects of intravenous injections of isoproterenol (0.5-2 microgram) on the responses of carotid body chemoreceptor afferents and on integrated phrenic activity were investigated in twelve anesthetized and three decerebrate, unanesthetized cats. All animals were paralyzed and artificially ventilated. Isoproterenol stimulated carotid chemoreceptor activity and this stimulation was augmented by both hypoxia and hypercapnia. Following an injection of isoproterenol, the ratio of the minute phrenic activity relative to mean carotid chemoreceptor activity was increased. Thus, the stimulation of inspiratory phrenic output exceeded the stimulation of the chemoreceptor afferent input, and the peripheral chemoreflex activity does not account for the entire ventilatory response. To distinguish between a direct effect of isoproterenol and a possible secondary effect mediated via an increased venous return and an increased PaCO2, the latencies of the response of carotid chemoreceptors to both isoproterenol and hypercapnia were compared before and after carbonic anhydrase inhibition by acetazolamide. After acetazolamide, the latency of the response to hypercapnia increased from 3.5 sec to 8 sec whereas the latency of response to isoproterenol increased less, from 4.7 sec to 6.3 sec. Thus, isoproterenol stimulation was not mediated by CO2-H+. Propanolol, which blocked the systemic vascular effect, only partially blocked the chemoreceptor stimulation caused by isoproterenol, indicting that the effect of isoproterenol on chemoreceptor activity was not due to systemic cardiovascular changes. PMID- 7268224 TI - The effect of thoracic vibration on ventilation and breath-holding in man. PMID- 7268225 TI - [The relationship of the alimentary habits with standing height, weight and body surface area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268226 TI - [Reference values for serum ferritin in Mexican adults, men and women (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268228 TI - [Esophageal motility abnormalities in myotonia dystrophica (MD) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268229 TI - Altered carbohydrate content of IgG in asymptomatic smokers. PMID- 7268230 TI - [Rehydration therapy without insulin in severe hyperglycemia. Report of one case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268227 TI - [Amyloid arthritis stimulating rheumatoid disease in six patients with multiple myeloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268231 TI - [Successful treatment of tetanus with dantrolene (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268232 TI - [Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268233 TI - [Bromocriptine in the treatment of prolactinoma and chiasmatic compression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268234 TI - [Clinical study of bilateral pheochromocytoma. Diagnostic considerations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268235 TI - [Plasma cell leukemia. Report of a patient with unusually good response to treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268236 TI - [Basic outline of a general plan for courses in medical specialization in clinical disciplines]. PMID- 7268237 TI - [Evaluation of the Leveen shunt patency by intraperitoneal injection of technetium 99 m (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268238 TI - [Report of activities on the occasion of the 34th anniversary of the National Institute of Nutrition]. PMID- 7268239 TI - [Esophageal motility in myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268240 TI - [Plasma levels of zinc in surgical patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268241 TI - [Autonomic nervous system disfunction in diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268242 TI - [Transphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268243 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268244 TI - [Pathophysiologic basis of the therapy of heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268245 TI - [Fluoridation and the prevention of dental cavities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268246 TI - [Mental disease and anti-psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268247 TI - [The population of Chile: past, present and future]. PMID- 7268248 TI - [Primary health care and medical education (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268249 TI - [Blood groups and infection by Giardia lamblia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268250 TI - [Patient's compliance of antihypertensive treatment. A follow-up study two therapeutic regimes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268251 TI - [Treatment of moderate and severe hypertension with minoxidil (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268253 TI - [Patient compliance in antihypertensive treatment. A retrospective study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268252 TI - [Pheochromocytoma. Clinical and electron-microscopy findings in 8 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268254 TI - [Interaction of cardiovascular effects of angiotensin and the adrenergic system in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268255 TI - [Controversial aspects in the epidemiology of hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268256 TI - [How important is influenza?]. PMID- 7268257 TI - [Surveillance for influenza virus infections in Houston, Texas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268258 TI - [Neurosis from a medical-anthropological point of view (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268259 TI - [A blood pressure follow up among natives of Easter Island (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268261 TI - [Pseudodementia: introduction]. PMID- 7268260 TI - [Home care for haemophiliacs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268262 TI - [Drug-induced dementia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268263 TI - [Behaviour disturbances resembling dementia in elderly patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268264 TI - Cartilaginous tumors of the larynx. AB - Laryngeal cartilaginous tumors are well-defined masses that arise within the endolaryngeal structures, predominantly the cricoid cartilage. Twelve cases with long-term followup are reviewed. The importance of early and complete radiological evaluation and the potential for recurrence is emphasized. Since metastases or extralaryngeal extension is rare, conservative surgery, preserving laryngeal function as long as possible, is the treatment of choice. The histological distinction of chondroma versus chondrosarcoma is not essential for the clinical management of these lesions, and we suggest they be designated as cartilaginous tumors of the larynx. PMID- 7268265 TI - The sonographically solid appearing benign cystic teratoma. AB - The sonographic appearance of 6 solid benign cystic teratomas (in 5 patients) was reviewed. Three of these tumors were difficult to identify due to the presence of acoustical shadowing obscuring the posterior portions of the tumors. This appearance was mistaken ultrasonically for bowel gas. The tumors were diagnosed by abdominal radiographs showing calcifications, teeth and/or radiolucency due to fat. With the presence of a clinically palpable pelvic mass in a young woman, and an apparently normal sonogram, an abdominal radiograph should be considered to look for evidence of a benign cystic teratoma. PMID- 7268266 TI - The role of biliary scintigraphy and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cholecystitis. AB - The scintigraphic and sonographic findings in 70 patients with pathologically confirmed gallbladder disease are described. Fifty-two patients were found to have had acute cholecystitis. All 52 patients (100%) had non-visualized of the gallbladder on scintigraphy. Of these patients, 71% had abnormal ultrasound examinations and 29% had normal ultrasound examination. Eighteen patients were proven to have chronic cholecystitis. All 18 (100%) had an abnormal ultrasound examination. Four patients (22%) had non-visualization of the gallbladder on scintigraphy producing a false-positive incidence of approximately 6% for acute cholecystitis. The predictive value of scintigraphy in the patient with suspected acute cholecystitis was 94%. A combination of ultrasound and scintigraphy yielded a sensitivity of 100% in the detection of gallbladder disease in the 70 patients. PMID- 7268267 TI - [Anatomy of the upper abdomen seen by real-time ultrasound]. AB - Ultrasound has made it possible to identify major blood vessels of the abdomen. The identification of these vascular structures has been facilitated with the use of gray's scale ultrasound but more so with real time ultrasound. The identification of these vascular structures as well as the advantages that they present in identifying abdominal viscera will be discussed. PMID- 7268268 TI - [35 mm format in fiber-optics endoscopic photography]. AB - 1. The changes introduced in a photographic camera in order to obtain endoscopic pictures in a 35 mm format and consequently increasing the size of the image up to 22 mm are described. 2. The details of the photographic technique used are listed. 3. This technique is presented for comparison with the conventional technique. PMID- 7268269 TI - A new applicator for ultrasound mammography. AB - A new water path device, called applicator, for ultrasound mammography which is more comfortable for the patient, besides providing improved imaging conditions compared to other devices is described. PMID- 7268270 TI - Modified lateral view of the distal foot and hand for the evaluation of phalanges. PMID- 7268271 TI - Atypical myeloproliferative disorder associated with a 21 trisomic clone. AB - The hematological and cytogenetical studies of a case of atypical myeloproliferative disorder are reported. The patient displayed moderate leukocytosis, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Reduced or absent growth of CFU-C was observed in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The cytogenetical analysis revealed a trisomy 21 limited to the neoplastic clone. The overall results are discussed and compared with the rare cases of acquired trisomy 21 reported in the literature. PMID- 7268272 TI - Thyroid hormone pattern and aggressiveness. (Isolated mice compared with dominant and submissive). AB - The aggressiveness induced by the forced isolation of animals may be mediated by endocrine changes. The present study focuses on the possible mediation of the pituitary-thyroid axis in the mouse (Mus musculus). The blood levels of the hormone fractions examined (T4, T3 and rT3) in isolated animals showed a significant increase in comparison with the individuals which were classified from an ethological point of view as submissive, whereas in comparison with the individuals which were classified as dominant, no difference was found for T4 and rT3, but a significant increase of T3 occurred. The choice of the categories of comparison (dominant and submissive as opposed to isolated mice) derives from the hypothesis, which has already been confirmed experimentally on an etiological level, that in this species the isolated individuals are homologous to socially dominant animals as far as aggressiveness is concerned. The endocrinological results obtained in this study support this hypothesis. Thus it is concluded that, in the species under study, isolation induces pituitary-thyroid axis activation which is similar to that found in dominant individuals and at least partially responsible for the isolation aggressiveness. The mediation of the action of TRH on the central nervous system in this phenomenon is suggested as an interesting hypothesis. PMID- 7268274 TI - A multicentric study for serotyping and susceptibility to antibiotics of pneumococci in Italy. AB - A multicentric study of the incidence of pneumococcal serotypes was recently carried out in five different geographical areas in Italy. Two hundred and sixty seven strains were typed using the quellung reaction with monospecific antisera, but only 28 of these were isolated directly from the site of infection. The most frequent serotypes were 19, 6, 3, 9, 4, 1 and 18 without remarkable differences regarding the area, age of patients and site of isolation. It was found that 60.3% of the serotypes isolated from all sources and 67.8% of those isolated from the sites of infection are contained in the currently used antipneumococcal vaccine. Antibiotic resistance was found versus aminoglycosides (34.9%), tetracycline (28.3%), chloramphenicol (5.2%) and penicillin (3.3%). Cefoxitin appeared to be the antibiotic to which the pneumococci were most susceptible. Only two types, 19 and 16, resulted resistant to all the antibiotics. PMID- 7268273 TI - Genetic restriction in the induction of contact sensitivity by footpad cell transfer. AB - Cells taken from draining lymph nodes one day after application of oxazolone and picryl chloride induced contact sensitivity in syngeneic but not in allogeneic recipients. In contrast, the immunizing activity of cells taken four days after sensitization was not genetically restricted. The findings that '1-day' cells incubated with anti-hapten antibodies break down the genetic restriction, and that '4-day' cells lose their ability to induce contact sensitivity after complement treatment, suggest that two different mechanisms are involved in the induction of contact sensitivity. PMID- 7268275 TI - Intrafamilial spread of hepatitis B virus infection. (Role of chronic hepatitis and of the hepatitis B e antigen). AB - Two hundred and forty household contacts of 85 chronic HBsAg carriers were studied to assess the relationship between liver histology and 'e' antigen or antibody positivity in the index carrier, and evidence of HBV infection within the family. Liver biopsy results were available in 54 index carriers. The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs in the families of 29 carriers with chronic hepatitis and 25 carriers with either a normal liver or minimal inflammatory changes was not significantly different. Serum from 72 index carriers was available for HBeAg and anti-HBe testing. The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs in the families of 5 HBeAg positive carriers, 59 anti-HBs positive subjects, and 8 carriers negative for both HBeAg and anti-HBe was again not significantly different. Infectivity of a carrier thus does not appear to correlate either with histological evidence of liver damage or with the 'e' antigen or antibody positivity of the carrier. PMID- 7268276 TI - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. (Clinical and endocrinological features of six cases). AB - This paper presents the results of the study of six patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MCT) and the epidemiological screening carried out on the families of individuals affected by MCT. Three patients had the familial and three the sporadic type of disease. In all the subjects the plasma calcitonin (CT) level was measured under basal conditions and after pentagastrin stimulation. Patients with familial disease were also found to have pheochromocytoma (MEA syndrome). One patient, whose thyroid was normal to palpation and radioisotope scanning and who did not have an elevated resting level of CT, showed a clearcut CT elevation after provocative testing and subsequently was shown, by surgery, to have a small nodule of C-cell hyperplasia. These results confirm that pentagastrin is a good stimulator of CT secretion and that i.v. administration of pentagastrin is a useful test in the investigation of MCT in its early subclinical stage. PMID- 7268277 TI - [Current status and prospects of internal medicine]. PMID- 7268278 TI - Prognosis of acute myocardial infarction using systolic time intervals recorded on the carotidogram. AB - The prognostic value of systolic time intervals and of other clinical and laboratory parameters was investigated in 68 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (55 males and 13 females; mean age 61 years) over a period of one month after onset of the disease. The statistical analysis of data was made by the STR stepwise regression method, using an IBM-360 computer. Finally the study resulted in a stepwise multiple regression equation with 4 factors of maximum statistical significance in the prognosis of AMI: peak SGOT level, age of patients, uncorrected left ventricular ejection time and index of preejection period. This new prognostic index allows a classification of patients with acute myocardial infarction (starting with the second day after onset) into groups of various severity, thus helping the practitioners in the choice of therapy. PMID- 7268279 TI - Preliminary study on the natural history of cerebral atherosclerosis. AB - Using the gross dissection and microscopic examination of intracranial arteries of 384 subjects aged 0-70 years from an unselected population sample of Bucharest, the period of life in which the first atherosclerotic plaques and fatty streaks occurred in male and female subjects was delineated. The prevalence (%) of cases with atherosclerotic plaques in successive age groups in also presented. In the anterior cerebral arteries the onset of the first atherosclerotic plaques lag behind the basilar artery by a 10-year period. The male to female ratio of positive cases with atherosclerotic plaques was statistically significant for the basilar artery and non significant for the anterior cerebral arteries. On an age-group basis, the atherosclerotic plaques of the basilar artery were constantly and significantly more obstructive than those of the anterior cerebral arteries. PMID- 7268280 TI - Viral myocarditis. Clinical, electrocardiographic and evolutive diversity. AB - Five observations of severe viral myocarditis are presented. Diverse cardiac emergencies (pump failure, ventricular premature beats or tachycardia, left bundle branch block, trifascicular block, grade 2 or 3 a-v block, severe hypotension, etc.) as well as associated conditions (pericarditis, interstitial nephritis, pneumonia, pulmonary massive thromboembolism) could be found. The course of the disease was acute in three cases, subacute in one and chronic in another. Two patients died with severe pump failure (associated with pulmonary thromboembolism in one case), The clinical, evolutive and histologic aspects were in good correlation. These cases illustrate the clinical, electrocardiographic and evolutive diversity of viral myocarditis. PMID- 7268281 TI - Study of the immune state in patients with a history of subacute bacterial endocarditis and in their direct relatives. Pathogenic implications. AB - Immunologic investigations were performed in 18 patients at a mean interval of 1.8 years after cure of subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) and in 17 of their direct relatives. The results were compared with those obtained in a control group of 52 healthy subjects. Assay of serum immunoglobulins revealed deviations from the normal (mean +/- 2 SD) in 65% of the post-SBE patients and in 77% of their relatives. Tests for the presence of nuclear, smooth muscle, mitochondrial, cytoplasmatic, albumin and interstitial antibodies showed the presence of such autoantibodies, either single or associated, in 55% of the post-SBE patients and in 58% of their relatives. The serum complement titer was low in 54% of the former SBE patients and in 66% of their relatives. A series of antimicrobial skin tests or intradermal reaction to dinitrochlorobenzene showed hypergy or anergy in 54% o the post-SBE patients investigated. These results, alongside with the data in the literature, support the hypothesis of the preexistence of the immune deficit (probably inherited) in the cardiac patients who develop SBE. PMID- 7268282 TI - Evaluation of segmental wall motion disturbances by echocardiography in ischemic heart disease. AB - Echocardiographic septal and posterior wall motion and thickness were measured in 55 subjects, of whom 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 20 with chronic coronary artery disease and 15 control subjects without evidence of cardiac disease. The results of the study that systolic thinning is indicative of an acute event. Abnormal changes in systolic wall thickening and wall motion occur commonly in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Useful information about segmental wall motion abnormalities can be obtained from the echocardiogram when the areas involved can be visualized, but much of the ventricle is not routinely examined. PMID- 7268284 TI - [Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) in chronic bronchitis in industrial environments]. PMID- 7268285 TI - Data processing system for the centre of nutrition and metabolic diseases. AB - The paper is devoted to the functional specification and the architecture of a data processing system to database generation and management within the Centre of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases in Bucharest. The main operations performed by the system refer to: -Patient admission. A patient file which is created for any new patient, contains all the details hitherto included in the patient registration form. -File update, carried out periodically or whenever required. Any new relevant detail is added to the existing file in a conversational manner. -Report generation. The reports are produced periodically or upon request. Inventory and stock control concerning the drugs dispensed free of charge. -Data processing and classification. -Creation and retrieval of patient archives. Display on request of the various details contained by the patient file. The described system can be implemented on an INDEPENDENT 1-100 general purpose minicomputer, having a main memory of 96 words. The disc-based AMS operating system is used. The system operates in real time, although off-line background jobs can be run in order to assist the scientific work. A FORTRAN compiler is part of the operating system. PMID- 7268287 TI - [Prenatal assistance: knowledge, attitude and practice of hospitalized women in the Obstetric Service in an hospital of the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 7268288 TI - [Accreditations of homes for the aged]. PMID- 7268289 TI - [Morbidity in a child day care center of Brasilia. Longitudinal study of the incidence of diseases in 1977]. PMID- 7268290 TI - [Diphtheria. Immune status of an urban infant population of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil]. PMID- 7268291 TI - [Schistosomiasis in workers of the Catende Sugar Mill, Pernambuco, Brazil]. PMID- 7268292 TI - [Mortality due to violent causes in the municipality of Sao Paulo. II. Accidental deaths]. PMID- 7268293 TI - [Health priorities. Analysis based on mortality statistics of Brasilia, Federal District (Brazil), 1977-1978]. PMID- 7268294 TI - [Mortality in the first year of life and the distribution of income and public health facilities, Sao Paulo (Brazil)]. PMID- 7268295 TI - [Ecological aspects of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. I. Experimental study of the frequency of Phlebotomus in artificial ecotopes with special reference to Psychodopygus intermedius]. PMID- 7268296 TI - [Important aspects for the epidemiological surveillance of poliomyelitis in Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 7268297 TI - [Prevalence of sheep toxoplasmosis determined by the Sabin-Feldman reaction in animals from Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil]. PMID- 7268299 TI - [The most commonly used technics in health planning]. PMID- 7268298 TI - [Seasonal variation in the prevalence of leptospirosis in stray dogs in Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 7268300 TI - [Arteriopathia calcificans infantum]. PMID- 7268301 TI - [Post mortem examination of thymus in adult age]. PMID- 7268303 TI - [Ultrastructure of chordoma]. PMID- 7268302 TI - [Morphological finding in liver tissue after long-term administration of griseofulvin in the experiment]. PMID- 7268304 TI - [Lipaemic profile of patients subjected to long-term haemodialysis and acute changes associated with haemodialysis and the use of heparin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268305 TI - [Possibility of staining proteins with amide black 10 B and Coomassie brilliant blue R after electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268306 TI - [Non-invasive diagnosis of aneurysms of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268307 TI - [Smoking as a risk factor of coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268308 TI - [Latent ischaemic disease in workers of the motor car industry with a high risk score (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268309 TI - Cleft lip and palate in Norway. III. Surgical treatment of CLP patients in Oslo 1954-75. PMID- 7268310 TI - Involvement of the nipple and areola in breast cancer. Value of clinical findings. AB - In a series of 80 consecutive mastectomies it was investigated histologically, by a horizontal sectioning technique, how often the nipple and/or areola were involved in breast cancer. Such involvement was found in 35 cases (43.8%). In the same series the value of the clinical findings as to involvement of the nipple and/or areola was assessed. Only 6 of the 35 cases had shown clinical changes that could give rise to a suspicion of spread to the nipple and/or areola. PMID- 7268311 TI - Flexor tendon injury of the hand in children. A long-term follow-up study of 84 patients. AB - The treatment series comprised 96 children with flexor tendon injuries of the hand. Sixty-one per cent of the injuries were in no-man's land. About one half of the patients had tendon severances of the little or ring fingers. The flexor tendon was sutured in 57 hands (59%) and grafted in 37 hands (39%). Tendon transposition was performed in two hands (2%). A total of 84 children were reexamined after a mean follow-up of 8.5 years. Of 53 hands in which direct tendon sutures had been done, either as a primary, delayed or late procedure, results were good in 46 (86.8%), fair in five (9.4%) and poor in two (3.8%). Of 30 free tendon grafts performed on 29 patients, results were good in 14 fingers (46.7%), fair in 10 (33.3%) and poor in six (20%). We recommend primary suture of a divided profundus tendon at any level. A cut superficialis tendon in no-man's land should be excised, if the surgeon is not a skilled hand surgeon. In our experience suture of the flexor tendon, performed at any level, gives better results than grafting. PMID- 7268312 TI - Peripheral nerve injuries of the hand in children. A follow-up study of 38 patients. AB - Thirty-eight children in whom a peripheral nerve injury of the hand had been repaired from 2 to 18 years earlier (mean 7.5 years) were examined. All repairs had been performed with the conventional technique with epineural sutures, and nearly all were primary neurorrhaphies. Sensory recovery was evaluated by using the two-point discrimination test (2 PD). The results were considered good if the 2 PD value was less than 6 mm and poor if this value was more than 15 mm. Of the 20 repairs of an ulnar or median nerve, or both, results were good in eight (40%), fair in 10 (50%) and poor in two (10%). Of the 18 digital nerve repairs, results were good in 14 (77.8%) and fair in four. The results in this series are better than results reported for adults series. PMID- 7268313 TI - The effect of pressure and its duration on microcirculation and healing of skin flaps. An experimental study in rabbits. PMID- 7268314 TI - Wrist ganglia. Incidence and recurrence rate after operation. AB - 165 patients operated on for primary wrist ganglia during 1970-71 were followed up 5 years later in order to study the recurrence rate after a standardized surgical procedure. A questionnaire was used and the overall response rate was 86%. The recurrence rate was 12.7% and the annual incidence rate was 43/100,000 for females and 25/100 000 for males, giving a F/M sex ratio of 1.7 to 1. PMID- 7268315 TI - Hand injuries in Finland. AB - The study is based on patients with hand injuries treated in the casualty department of Turku University Central Hospital during the years 1971-75 and 1978; there were 4 800 of these patients annually. Hand injuries accounted for 26% of all accidents. Of these patients, 14% were younger than 15, 78% were of working age and only 8% were over 65. Of the adult patients, 3/5 were men. The average age of the men was 35 and of the women 45. Calculated on the basis of our material, the annual number of hand injuries requiring medical attention in Finland was 33 000/10(6) inhabitants. Most hand injuries among adults, 70%, occurred in the home, 28% at work and only some 3% in road accidents. Lacerations of varying degrees of severity constituted 45% of the injuries, fractures 26% and lesser contusions, excoriations and distortions 20%. There were relatively few serious injuries, e.g. 2% of the cases were nerve and tendon lesions; however, the actual workload caused by these injuries was considerable. PMID- 7268316 TI - Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the scaphoid. Case report. AB - Avascular necrosis may affect a number of different bones. In the wrist necrosis of the lunate (Kienbock's disease) is a well known entity. A rarely seen but analogous condition may, however, also affect the scaphoid (Preiser's disease). The mechanism producing ischemia is unknown, although in most cases the initiating event is mostly likely loss of blood supply by a mechanical insult. Two cases of idiopathic avascular necrosis of the scaphoid are reported, manifested by insidious wrist pain and progressing roentgenologic changes. Despite early diagnosis and prolonged immobilization irreversible collapse of the affected bone could not be prevented. PMID- 7268317 TI - Malignant hemangioendothelioma of metacarpal bones. AB - Malignant hemangioendothelioma is a tumour of vascular origin with wide distribution in various organs and tissues of the body. However, it is seldom localized primarily in bone. In this report our experience with a case of primary multifocal malignant hemangioendothelioma of the metacarpal bones is reported. Because of the focal pattern of malignancy excisional biopsy failed to give the diagnosis which was not established until the tumour was radically removed. PMID- 7268318 TI - Tuberculosis of the hand. Case report. AB - Three patients with tuberculosis of the hand are reported. In each patient the onset and course of the disease was insidious and the diagnosis was obscured by lack of systemic symptoms and the absence of other foci of infection. The diagnosis was established only after open biopsy and synovial tissue culture. The wounds healed without complications even prior to appropriate chemotherapy. Combined conservative and surgical treatment resulted in definitive cure of the local manifestation in two of the patients. PMID- 7268319 TI - The effects of bilateral ECT on primary memory. PMID- 7268320 TI - Temporal factors in audition and vision: a functional emphasis. PMID- 7268321 TI - Evaluation of upper extremity function in 70-year-old men and women. AB - As a part of the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Study of 70-year-old people in Gothenburg 75 men and 101 women were subjected to tests of upper extremity function. Twenty men and 22 women were healthy without any locomotor disorders. The investigation included tests of muscular co-ordination, static strength in key-grip, transversal volar grip, elbow flexion and submaximal endurance in handgrip. Results in healthy subjects were compared with results in a reference group of young subjects aged 20-30 years. Seventy-year-old healthy subjects did not differ significantly from young subjects regarding strength in key-grip and endurance in transversal volar grip. The largest decrease in function was seen in healthy 70-year-old subjects in the test of muscular co ordination and in strength in the transversal volar grip. In general healthy 70 year-old women showed a slighter decrease in function than men. Significant correlations were found between strength in key-grip and transversal volar grip and between strength in elbow extension and flexion of 70-year-old subjects. A slight correlation was found between strength in elbow extension and static knee extension at 90 degrees knee angle in 70-year-old healthy subjects. PMID- 7268322 TI - Evaluation of functional capacity in activities of daily living in 70-year-old men and women. AB - Various activities of daily living of importance for an independent and active life were studied in 70-year-old systematically selected men (n = 190) and women (n = 229) recruited from a population study. The tests concluded basal movements in the upper extremities in hygiene and dressing activities, ability to rise from a stool, function in the kitchen e.g. reaching shelves and tasks including pronation and supination of the forearm and measurements of comfortable walking speed. In a selected subsample, tests of ability to climb various step-heights and a manual ability test were also performed. As regards basal movements in the upper extremities in hygiene and dressing activities, the hand-to-toe test caused most problems. A minority of both sexes had difficulty rising from a stool and in performing the pronation-supination tests. Problems in the test of reach were mainly correlated to the height of the subject, presence of arthritic disorders, and positional vertigo. The mean walking speed was in both sexes lower than that recommended in Sweden as the norm for pedestrians at signalized intersections. All but one subject could climb up and down a 40 cm step using a handrail. Without using handrail one-fifth of the women but only a few men had problems at this step-height but all managed the 30 cm step. Both sexes showed a decline in manual dexterity compared to 20-30-year-old subjects. Correlations were found between muscle strength, step test results and walking speed as well as between walking speed and leisure-time physical activity. There was also a correlation between problems in handling the plug in the manual ability test and strength in the key-grip. PMID- 7268323 TI - Motor balance in formation and release of the extension grip. An experimental study. AB - This study has shown that the lumbrical system served as the prime mover in formation of an extension grip counterbalanced by the action of the extensor digitorum. The interosseal system was not activated until the final stage of grip formation. The balance of the fingers in the release phase was based on interplay between the action of the extrinsics, the extensor digitorum in particular, and the passive tension of the intrinsics. There was probably some difference in influence of the passive tension of the lumbricals and the interossei respectively. The passive tension of the lumbricals was probably exerted right from the very start of grip-release, whereas the passive tension of the interossei exerted its effect at a later stage of finger retroflexion, then preventing hyperextension of the MP joint and hyperflexion of the IP joints. A useful method is outlined for exercising both the extrinsic and intrinsic motor systems. PMID- 7268324 TI - Isometric and isokinetic quadriceps muscle strength in 70-year-old men and women. AB - Isometric and isokinetic muscle strength during right knee-extension and maximal extension velocity were measured in forty men and thirty-two women, regarded as representative for the healthy seventy-year-old urban population. Muscle strength in women was on average 56 percent of that in the men. Equations for calculation of normal values from the individual's body height and weight are given. The maximal extension velocity of knee-extension was similar in both sexes. The subjects were classified with regard to previous occupational and leisure-time physical activity. An inverse correlation was found between muscle strength and previous occupational physical activity in the men. PMID- 7268325 TI - Measurement of strength of hip joint muscles. AB - A standard procedure for measurement of hip muscle strength with an isokinetic dynamometer is presented. The method is based on recordings in supine position and firm stabilisation of the pelvis. Abduction and adduction movements can be done without friction. The position of the dynamometer and its rotation centre is indicated. The reproducibility was studied by a test-retest procedure. The methodological error varied between 4% and 10.5% and the coefficient of reliability varied between 0.80-0.99. The coefficient of variation when measuring one testing subject at ten different occasions was smaller at isokinetic than isometric measurements. PMID- 7268327 TI - Electrophysiological investigation on shoulder subluxation in hemiplegics. AB - Twenty-one consecutive hemiplegic patients underwent electrophysiological evaluation of their shoulder subluxation. The patients comprised 13 men amd 8 women, with a mean age of 57 years. The distal latency times of the suprascapular, axillary, musculocutaneous and radial nerves were 4.8, 6.2, 5.3 and 5.5 msec, respectively, and all nerves tested were statistically delayed. Ten out of 21 suprascapular nerves did not respond adequately. Based on needle EMG studies, about 75% of the supraspinatus and deltoid muscles revealed increased insertional activity and/or positive sharp waves. It is postulated that shoulder subluxation in hemiplegics may be caused by brachial plexus lesions. As regards therapeutic measures, the paralysed flaccid shoulder should be placed in a retracted posture or suspended to prevent the joint from being overstretched and ROM exercise of the shoulder joint should be carried out as a cautious maneuver to avoid displacement of the glenohumeral joint. PMID- 7268326 TI - Adaptation to peripheral muscle training. AB - Ten healthy subjects underwent a 6-week dynamic exercise program designed to put a high relative load on individual muscle groups while maintaining low central circulatory stress levels. This was done to test the hypothesis that such "peripheral" training could produce skeletal muscle adaptation at low levels of myocardial work. Such a program may be useful in rehabilitating patients whose myocardial disease prevents adequate levels of participation in the traditional types of large muscle training. Strength testing, muscle biopsies and both submaximal and maximal bicycle ergometry were done to assess the effects of "peripheral" training. Heart rate during the training sessions decreased progressively over the 6 weeks (p less than 0.001). Quadriceps strength increased (p less than 0.02) with training as did both quadriceps (p less than 0.03) and gastrocnemius (p less than 0.008) fiber areas. Fiber composition was unchanged. Succinic dehydrogenase concentrations were unchanged while phosphorylase activity decreased in both muscle groups (p less than 0.03). Submaximum and maximum bicycle ergometry results were unchanged with training. The data show that dynamic training of small groups of muscles sequentially can produce significant skeletal muscle adaptation with little central circulatory stress. The effects of "peripheral" training in cardiac patients remain to be determined. PMID- 7268328 TI - Somatic sensation and discomfort in the arm of post-mastectomy patients. AB - From a group of 928 randomly allocated women that had undergone mastectomy for cancer, 475 were examined with respect to the somatic sensations and discomfort in the arm on the side of the operation. The women rated psychological variables such as sensations and discomfort according to an 8-degree scale. The variables investigated were: heaviness of the arm and hardness of the arm tissue, tension, weakness and paresthesia. Eighty per cent of the women recorded a rating of 0. For most of the variables the means were thus low and corresponded to a rating of less than 1. The standard deviation was fairly large. In the women with a rating of 1 or more there was a weak but significant correlation between some of the psychological and somatic variables, including volume (positive correlation) and gripping force (negative correlation). Women with 15% oedema or more recorded the highest rating for the variables heaviness, hardness, weakness. The sensation and discomfort were rated significantly higher by the patients with than by those without discomfort or pain in the cervical and thoracic spine, chest and shoulder. The ratings were significantly higher by the women receiving radiotherapy than in those receiving only surgical treatment. There was no significant difference between the ratings for the women given radiotherapy before and those so treated after the operation. PMID- 7268329 TI - The rheumatoid patient in need of a wheelchair. AB - The situation of 40 severely disabled arthritic patients who have received a wheelchair is reported. Most of the patients had had their rheumatoid arthritis for more than 15 years. Knee involvement was frequently the reason for needing a wheelchair. Most of the patients had general joint involvement. Orthopedic- or handsurgery as well as proper technical aids and a well adapted housing facilitated the maintenance of functional capacity. Wheelchairs with big wheels back, seat higher than normal, raisable and removable leg rests, neck-support and elongated brake handle will satisfy most patients. In our series most complaint was reported regarding back support and front wheels. The majority of the patients had an optimistic attitude to their situation. Eighteen of the 40 patients regretted not having accepted a wheelchair earlier. PMID- 7268330 TI - Indications for the internal mammary artery graft. AB - Experience of 285 internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts inserted during a five year period disclosed an operative mortality of 1.5% when patients with associated procedures were excluded. Two of nine patients undergoing concomitant intracardiac surgery died within one month. Thus the overall operative mortality was 2.1%. Preoperative IMA graft blood flow was significantly less than that through comparable aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts. Early IMA graft patency (two weeks) was 95% and the cumulative late patency (one year) was 91%. Early patency for IMA grafts with peroperative flow less than 20 ml was 70%. None of these grafts were occluded at late follow-up. Sixteen occluded IMA grafts were related to technical problems (six grafts), inadequate graft size (five), extensive disease of the recipient coronary artery (four) and to overestimated proximal stenosis with large competitive flow enhancing early graft failure (one graft). Retrograde filing of the IMA when contrast was injected into the recipient coronary artery, was observed in 7 patients (3%). Probable causes were proximal stenosis of the graft, small sized IMA with inadequate antegrade flow and overestimated proximal coronary obstruction. Prerequisites for performing optimal IMA grafting need pre- and peroperative caution. A good calibre IMA without proximal obstructions must be available. The technique of dissecting and handling the vessel and performing anastomosis must be careful. The recipient coronary artery should be selected with consideration in order to avoid unfavourable demand-supply ratios. The IMA is most suitable for low-flow situations supplying a small amount fo myocardium distal to a high-grade coronary obstruction. PMID- 7268331 TI - Paraplegia following balloon assistance after cardiac surgery. AB - Contrapulsation by means of an intra-aortic balloon is an effective and well known therapeutic measure in the postoperative period after cardiac surgery, mainly when interrupting cardiopulmonary bypass in left ventricular failure situation (3, 4). We present the case of a patient who developed paraplegia 38 hours after surgery, which was attributed to contrapulsation. PMID- 7268332 TI - Penetrating and perforating thoracic injuries. AB - Five hundred and eleven patients with penetrating or perforating chest injuries were admitted to the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, during the 25-year-period 1952-77. There were 433 stab wounds, 59 gunshot wounds and 19 other penetrating injuries. The organs most often involved were lungs (major haemo- or pneumothorax in 385 patients), heart (63 patients) and liver (61 patients). About one third of the patients were in profound shock on admission. The treatment was immediate thoracotomy in 176 (35%) and laparotomy in 123 cases (24%). Tube thoracostomy was applied in 117 patients and needle aspiration performed in 88 patients. Nine patients died (mortality of 1.8%). Two patients required later open-heart procedure. One of them had an aortopulmonary fistula and the other a traumatic VSD combined with aortic valve lesion. One of the traumatic VSDs closed spontaneously during the follow-up time. An active operative approach in the early phase seems to guarantee the best final results, especially in the most critically ill patients. PMID- 7268333 TI - Aortic valve replacement. A randomized study comparing the Bjork-Shiley and Lillehei-Kaster disc valves. Long-term results. AB - Three hundred patients were selected at random in order to compare the Bjork Shiley (B-S) and Lillehei-Kaster (L-K) valves in the aortic position. The mean follow-up time was 4 3/4 years (range 3 1/4-7 years). There were 15 late deaths in the B-S group and 23 in the L-K group. The incidence of sudden and unexpected deaths was much higher in the L-K than in the B-S group (10:1). The 7-year actuarial survival rate was 82% in the B-S and 76% in the L-K group. In both groups the survival rate was higher in patients with large valves than in those with small valves; in the L-K group this difference was significant (p less than 0.02). The overall thrombo-embolic rate was 3.2 per 100 patient years in the B-S and 2.8 in the L-K group. Valve thrombosis occurred in 3 patients with B-S valves and in 4 with L-K vales. One of the L-K valves was thrombosed early after operation due to faulty suture technique. Of the long-term survivors of working age 80% in the B-S and 70% in the L-K group returned to work. There was a close correlation between functional capacity (NYHA) and the employment rate. PMID- 7268334 TI - Myocardial oxygenation and recovery after topical cooling of the ischaemic heart and after hypothermic coronary perfusion. A clinical study of aortic valve replacement patients. PMID- 7268335 TI - Does normothermia afford better conditions for myocardial oxygenation than hypothermia during artificial coronary perfusion? A clinical study of aortic valve replacement patients. PMID- 7268336 TI - Is there any benefit from adding single-dose cardioplegia to topical cooling of the ischaemic myocardium in aortic valve replacement operations? AB - The myocardial oxygen extraction, lactate metabolism and cardiac performance were studied after topical cold myocardial ischaemia (TCI) with or without associated cold potassium cardioplegia (CPL) in aortic valve replacement (AVR) patients. There were no such differences between the CPL + TCI-group and the TCI-group in the postischaemic coronary sinus blood oxygen tension, coronary sinus blood haemoglobin oxygen saturation, arterial-coronary sinus blood oxygen content difference, arterial-coronary sinus blood lactate difference, CI-PCWP or LVSWI PCWP relationship that could be attributed to the cardioplegia. The coronary sinus blood oxygen values did not indicate any gradually developing postischaemic disturbances in the myocardial oxygen utilization. There was, however, a marked myocardial lactate washout and production in both groups five and ten minutes after initiation of reperfusion after ischaemia. There was a marked increase in the CI after bypass in the CPL + TCI-group, and the cardiodepression at late post operative stages was minimal in both groups according to the CI-PCWP and LVSWI PCWP relationship. These results suggest that the topical cooling technique used provides a degree of protection of the myocardial energy metabolism and function that cannot be further improved by adding single-dose cardioplegia by means of the direct coronary cannulation method used here. PMID- 7268337 TI - Primary cardiac tumours in infancy and childhood. A review and six case reports. AB - Primary cardiac tumours are rarities in infants and children. We have had 6 patients, aged 17 days to 10 years, with primary cardiac tumours: 1 had a fibroma, 1 had a myxoma, 2 had an haemangioma and 2 had a rhabdomyoma. Correct diagnosis was missed pre-operatively in 3 cases and finally established at autopsy. Three of the patients underwent cardiac operation-one of them unsuccessfully. At surgery the main difficulties were with tumour infiltration and the multifocal nature of some tumours. We conclude that the echo- and angiocardiography are essential tools in the diagnosis of primary cardiac tumours. Large tumours or conduction tissue infiltration means an extremely poor prognosis. Multifocal cardiac tumours can be successfully removed, even in newborn babies, and the outcome for the patients is also affected by other important factors, e.g. tuberous sclerosis in rhabdomyomas. PMID- 7268338 TI - Repair of cardiac defects with absorbable material. AB - Partial resection of the right atrium was performed in 5 young pigs. The defect was covered with a patch graft of absorbable material (polyglactin 910). Ten weeks postoperatively the mesh was completely replaced by a newly formed tissue with a smooth inner surface. Light microscopy showed regeneration of fibro elastic tissue and the luminal surface was covered with endothelial-like cells indistinguishable from normal endocardium. PMID- 7268340 TI - [Serologic diagnosis of human campylobacter infections]. PMID- 7268339 TI - [Results of, and indications for adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer]. AB - As the observation times of current studies using adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of operable stage II breast cancer lengthen, the probability of significantly reducing the high risk of developing metastases associated with this stage of the disease is also increasing and should be reflected in improved cure rates. The theoretical basis, prerequisites and presently available results for adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer are discussed. Adjuvant combination chemotherapy provides better results than monochemotherapy with Alkeran. While earlier results suggested that adjuvant chemotherapy is especially effective in premenopausal women, newer studies and analyses indicate that appropriate dosage and consistent administration of chemotherapy are of decisive importance. Exact determination and documentation of the tumor stage, and especially the regional lymph node status, is the most important factor in determining the indication for adjuvant chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is still best with many unsolved problems. These include the duration, necessary intensity based upon risk factors, and short- and long-term side effects. PMID- 7268341 TI - [Bisalbuminemia. A case with the transient form and critical review of the literature]. AB - A charge heterogeneity of serum albumin can be demonstrated by special technics. This heterogeneity is due to the variation in the amount of free SH-groups and to binding of several substances. Electrophoretically, serum albumin can also separate into two distinct bands; this bisalbuminemia can be either transient or permanent. Binding of lactam antibiotics or limited proteolysis of albumin by pancreatic enzymes leads to transient form. For the permanent bisalbuminemias faster and slower migrating variants are known, the slower variants differing from normal serum albumin in the primary structure. The chemical basis for faster variants in unknown. PMID- 7268342 TI - [Feminizing testicular Leydig cell tumor. Case contribution to the differential diagnosis of gynecomastia]. PMID- 7268343 TI - [Value and limits of two-dimensional echocardiography in acquired cardiopathies in adults]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography is complementary to the unidimensional technique. It offers the possibility of examining a wide area of the heart in real time and obtaining multiple cross-sectional views from several different chest wall transducer positions. Although generally quite accurate this new technique has some limitations, i.e. with regard to resolution of an ultrasonic image. Two-dimensional echocardiography is mainly useful for evaluation of left ventricular function and congenital heart diseases, and for diagnosis of left ventricular and auricular thrombi. PMID- 7268344 TI - [Concerning: Breguet D., Baczko A., Fabre J. et al.: Cardiovascular risk factors in World Health Organization personnel]. PMID- 7268345 TI - [Combined non-invasive perfusion and function examinations in unclear chest pains: diagnosis without a heart catheter?]. AB - Prior to diagnostic left heart catheterization, 22 patients with atypical chest pain underwent thallium scintigraphy and radionuclide ventriculography at rest and during exercise. Combining both noninvasive tests, 6/8 patients with coronary artery disease, 3/4 with cardiomyopathies, and 9/10 patients without heart disease were correctly identified. From detailed analysis of the results it is concluded that left heart catheterization should not be necessary if the radionuclide findings are typical of either coronary artery disease (localized perfusion defect and abnormal left ventricular function) or absence of heart disease (normal perfusion and function studies). PMID- 7268346 TI - [Behavior of isovolumetric relaxation in coronary patients determined by the negative dP/dt]. PMID- 7268347 TI - [Causes of death in burn patients]. AB - Analysis of causes of death in 54 patients in the Zurich Burn Center has shown that pneumonia and septicemia occur secondary to pulmonary edema. Pulmonary infection and septicemia were the main causes of death in our cases. Pathophysiologically, a timetable of danger phases can be established: a) 1st day: death from unknown cause (organ edemas); b) 2nd to 6th day: pneumonia and pulmonary edema in combinations of varying degrees; c) after the 6th day: death from pneumonia and septicemia. Wound infection alone seldom causes septic death. From this it is concluded that the badly burned patient should not be overhydrated in the initial phase of therapy. Kidneys can be subjected to more strain than was previously supposed. PMID- 7268348 TI - [Laryngoscopy of laryngeal damage in long-term intubated intensive care patients]. AB - 67 long intubated, critically ill patients were examined by direct laryngoscopy between the 3rd and 14th day of intubation. It was found that even after 5 days most of the patients investigated had severe laryngeal damage. Damage occurs preferentially on the vocal cord (laryngeal granuloma), on the arytenoid vocal process and on the cricoidal plates (ulcerations). It is concluded that laryngoscopy should be performed after 5 days of intubation at the latest to determine the extent of laryngeal damage. If necessary, secondary tracheotomy should be considered. PMID- 7268349 TI - [Copper poisoning caused by humidifiers?]. AB - Humidifiers are rapidly contaminated with organisms and become a dangerous source of bacterial propagation unless special measures are taken. The growth of these organisms can be completely avoided by introducing metallic copper into the reservoir of humidifiers, as proposed as early as 1970 by Dean. The authors demonstrate experimentally that only nebulizers, in contrast to draw-over humidifiers and "bubblers", yield measurable quantities of copper. In a clinical study urine copper and plasma levels were measured in patients ventilated through a humidifier working on the draw-over principle. The results were compared with another group of patients ventilated with an aerosol of water containing copper. Copper excretion in the urine of this group rose well above the upper limit of normal between the second and fourth day, whereas copper in the urine of the first group (draw-over) remained within the normal range all the time. With a few exceptions the copper level in the plasma of both groups remained within normal limits. Plasma caeruloplasmin determination in both groups revealed no abnormal levels, a fact which appears to indicate that an overdose of copper could virtually be excluded. Nor were there clinical symptoms of copper intoxication. PMID- 7268350 TI - [Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of a standardized karate exercise and bicycle ergometry]. PMID- 7268351 TI - [Optimal left ventricular filling pressure after acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7268352 TI - [Severe heart insufficiency after acute myocardial infarct: follow up]. AB - An attempt is made to identify and establish the prognostic significance of a subset of patients at high risk after myocardial infarction in need of different therapeutic interventions, using clinical variables of a recently published prospective postinfarction follow-up study. The survivors with anterior myocardial infarction, severe left ventricular dysfunction and ventricular premature depolarizations, making up 15% of the population, have the greatest potential for mortality reduction by appropriate intervention after infarction. The dominance of mechanical and electrical factors in the high risk group necessitates a combined therapeutic approach. The rapid decline in the survivorship curve, with a rapid decline during the first 6 months of the posthospital period implies different intervention regimes at different chronologic intervals in the convalescence phase after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7268353 TI - [Unstable angina pectoris: definition, pathology, clinical course]. AB - Unstable angina pectoris signifies an ischemic heart condition intermediate between chronic stable angina and acute myocardial infarction. Numerous descriptive terms have been used and therefore a definition has been selected which helps in making therapeutic decisions. The cause of instability may be either a fixed coronary lesion or probably more often, dynamic events such as spasm. The course under medical treatment appears to be better than is commonly thought. PMID- 7268354 TI - [Unstable angina pectoris: indication for coronary angiography]. AB - When a patient continues to have anginal attacks despite optimal medical therapy including intravenous nitroglycerin and balloon counterpulsation, unstable angina pectoris becomes a surgical disease. Coronary angiography must be performed as rapidly and as efficiently as possible. If the signs and symptoms of acute myocardial ischemia continue, the angiographic procedures should be carried out within 1-2 hours after the onset of symptoms, thus permitting surgical or transluminal revascularization of the most endangered myocardial regions within the acceptable interval of 4 hours. Myocardial protection by surgical intervention or transluminal angioplasty in the presence of unstable angina pectoris can reduce the sequelae of myocardial infarction and shorten readaptation to active life. There is increasing evidence that the high acute and long term mortality of unstable angina can be substantially reduced by early interventions. PMID- 7268355 TI - [Quality control of computer-assisted arrhythmia monitoring]. AB - In the management of coronary care patients, continuous ECG analysis is best performed by a computerized monitoring system. For more than 2 years all the patients in this CCU have been monitored by the 78220 Hewlett-Packard arrhythmia monitoring system. As a quality control of the system the data of 15,068 alarm situations in 300 patients were first analyzed: the specificity of the system varied from 3% to 83% according to type and severity of arrhythmias. To evaluate the sensitivity of the system the amount of VES registered by Holter monitoring was then compared with the analysis by computerized monitoring during the same period of time: in a total of over 10,000 VES in 14 patients the sensitivity was 90%. Although the personnel of a CCU still have to deal with a large number of false positive alarms, a computerized arrhythmia monitoring system offers a higher degree of security for the patient than conventional monitoring. PMID- 7268356 TI - [Antinatriuretic effect of sulfinpyrazone]. AB - Clinical observations suggest that sulfinpyrazone (Anturan) may lead to edema formation in borderline compensated cardiac insufficiency. Since the drug is increasingly used in secondary prophylaxis of sudden death after myocardial infarction, a trial was designed to confirm or to refute the suspicion that sulfinpyrazone may interfere with natriuresis. In two experimental series, 18 volunteers were given a sodium load of 5 g or 6 g and natriuresis was first measured at hourly intervals for 4 hours and thereafter for an additional 4-hour period. The experiment was repeated with a single dose of 400 mg sulfinpyrazone given with the sodium load. In the first, non-randomized trial (n = 8) 71.2 +/- 20.7 (SD) mval Na was excreted within 8 hours without, and 41.2 +/- 20.6 mval with sulfinpyrazone (p less than 0.05). In the second, randomized trial (n = 10), sodium excretion fell from 74.2 +/- 38.0 mval/8 h in the control experiment to 43.5 +/- 20.6 mval/8 h after sulfinpyrazone (-42%; p less than 0.05). Excretion of potassium and creatinine remained unchanged. It is concluded that sulfinpyrazone does indeed interfere with normal renal sodium excretion and that the phenomenon may be relevant in patients with borderline compensated myocardial insufficiency. The design of the trial provides a relatively easy way to obtain valuable information on the clinically relevant antinatriuretic side effects of many drugs, particularly that of non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents. PMID- 7268357 TI - [Incidence and clinical significance of thromboses and thrombo-embolic complications in nephrotic syndrome patients]. AB - Chest X-ray, pulmonary isotopic photoscanning. Doppler sonography of iliac and femoral veins, inferior venacavagram and phlebography of the renal veins have been performed in 26 patients with nephrotic syndrome in order to determine the frequency and localization of thromboses and thromboembolic complications in these patients. 7 of 26 patients (26.9%) exhibited thromboses or thromboembolic complications (2 left sided renal vein thromboses, 1 right sided ileofemoral thrombosis and 1 bilateral ileofemoral thrombosis with occlusion of the vena cava inferior). In one patient renal vein thrombosis caused pulmonary embolism. In 3 other cases with life-threatening severe episodes of pulmonary embolism, the origin of the emboli could not be detected. Serum albumin level was found to be an appropriate parameter to assess the risk of thrombosis development in these patients. In 7 patients with thromboses or thromboembolic complications the serum albumin level was below 2 g/dl, whereas in 19 patients without these complications the serum albumin level was, with one exception, higher than 2 g/dl (1.5 +/- 0.3 g/dl vs. 2.6 +/- 0.5 g/dl; p less than 0.001). The possible pathophysiologic mechanisms for this observation are discussed. Our results help to identify the population of nephrotic patients who are most likely to experience thromboembolic disease. It therefore would be justifiable to carry out a prospective controlled study examining the question, whether this group of patients with benefit from prophylactic anticoagulation. PMID- 7268358 TI - [Acute renal failure following non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis]. PMID- 7268359 TI - [Valve replacement in children: results and long-term follow-up in 171 operated patients]. AB - 171 children aged 2-17 years underwent cardiac valve replacement between 1969 and December 1979. Valve lesions were of rheumatic origin in 160 and congenital in 11 cases. Single valve replacement of the mitral valve was performed in 116 cases, of the aortic valve in 18 cases and of the tricuspid valve once. Double valve replacement was done in 33 and triple valve replacement in 2 cases. Starr Edwards prostheses were used in most instances. Operative mortality was 5.9% and late death occurred in 8.7%. The follow-up period ranged from 1-9 years with a mean of 3.6 years. The majority of children have returned to a normal lifestyle and are symptom-free. Only 10% remain digitalized. As in adults, the most frequent complications were thromboembolic. 14 children (11%) had either an embolus or a valve thrombosis with a frequently of 3 per hundred patient-years. Other complications such as endocarditis or paravalvular leak were infrequent, and in most cases treatment was successful. Because of the markedly dilated hearts before operation it was possible in most children to use an adult size prosthesis, especially in the mitral position. Only a few children below 5 years of age received small mitral valve prostheses; they may need to be replaced ultimately by larger ones. Introduction of an embolus-free valve prosthesis for children would be a major advance. Unfortunately, porcine xenografts with their low embolic risk are not suitable for children as they often undergo rapid calcification. PMID- 7268360 TI - [Collagen colitis. A new disease picture or merely a histological abnormality?]. AB - "Collagenous colitis" has been recently defined as a new entity characterized by protracted diarrhoea, associated with subepithelial broadening of the collagen layer. A report is presented on two patients fulfilling the above criteria. Based on a critical analysis of these two cases and on prospective study of biopsies in 50 consecutive coloscopies it is concluded that a causal relationship between the enlarged collagen layer and the diarrhoea cannot be unequivocally established and hence "collagenous colitis" should not yet be considered a new entity. PMID- 7268361 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of hormonally active cancer of the adrenal cortex. Study of 5 cases]. AB - Adrenocortical carcinomas are very rare tumors. The diagnosis and therapeutic results in 5 female patients are reported. In 4 cases the tumor displayed biochemical and clinical features of Cushing's syndrome, while one was an adrenocortical carcinoma with hypersecretion of aldosterone only. The mean age was 53.6 +/- 8.2 years. In all four cases with Cushing's syndrome the diagnosis was established by measurement of urinary free cortisol extraction rates and excretion rates of 17-ketogenic steroids (mean 1794.5 +/- 1968 micrograms/24 h for free cortisol and 50.5 +/- 24.9 mg/24 h for 17-ketogenic steroids), while the excretion of 17-OH-steroids was in the normal range in one case with hypercortisolism. The patient with mineralocorticoid excess showed markedly elevated plasma aldosterone levels (840 pg/ml) and undetectable plasma renin activity (less than 0.2 ng/ml/3 h), but normal urinary excretion rates of 17 hydroxy- and 17-ketosteroids. The adrenal lesions were localized by intravenous pyelography or sonography and by angiographic procedures, while radioscanning by 131I-cholesterol showed no uptake of activity. Unilateral adrenalectomy was performed in four cases. After appearance of hormonally active metastases o,p'DDD was administered as an antitumor agent in 3 patients. Two of these patients died 10 and 25 months after surgery. One patient with multiple lung metastases is still alive, with a postoperative course of more than 80 months. PMID- 7268362 TI - [Effect of portasystemic anastomoses in childhood on propranolol pharmacokinetics]. AB - Kinetics of propranolol after oral administration were investigated in 9 children aged 5--11 years with intact liver function who had undergone porto-systemic anastomosis surgery for pylethrombosis and in a 16-year-old boy with a Warren shunt. Bioavailability of the drug had increased by twice the values measured in physiologic liver blood flow; elimination half-life had doubled. These alterations must be taken into consideration in medication, e.g. extreme care must be exercised in the oral administration of "first pass" drugs in porto systemic shunt patients and it is recommended that the initial dose should be at the level of intravenous administration. The reduced rate of elimination should be taken into account in the case of drugs whose elimination depends on liver blood flow. PMID- 7268363 TI - [Follow-up examination of former recruits regarding their alcohol, tobacco, drug and medicine consumption]. AB - On behalf of the Swiss Federal Commission Against Alcoholism, 1103 former military recruits were surveyed in 1979 with regard to consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit and psychotropic drugs. The men had been surveyed for the first time with regard to the same factors when under military training in 1972 73 (Battegay, Muhlemann et al.). With regard to alcohol consumption, the 1979 results showed a larger number of consumers than in 1972/73, i.e. an increase of 6.1% from 88.5% in 1972/73 to 94.6% in 1979. In 1979 the men, aged approximately 26 years, in the main (73.8% of subjects) mentioned only low alcohol consumption (10-150 g alcohol 100% a week). Heavy consumption of alcoholic beverages (greater than 350 g alcohol 100% a week) was indicated in a lower .e. an increase of 6.1% from 88.5% in 1972/73 to 94.6% in 1979. In 1979 the men, aged approximately 26 years, in the main (73.8% of subjects) mentioned only low alcohol consumption (10 150 g alcohol 100% a week). Heavy consumption of alcoholic beverages (greater than 350 g alcohol 100% a week) was indicated in a lower .e. an increase of 6.1% from 88.5% in 1972/73 to 94.6% in 1979. In 1979 the men, aged approximately 26 years, in the main (73.8% of subjects) mentioned only low alcohol consumption (10 150 g alcohol 100% a week). Heavy consumption of alcoholic beverages (greater than 350 g alcohol 100% a week) was indicated in a lower number of cases than in 1972/73. In 1972/73, 6% of the men, aged approximately 20 years, indicated this level of alcohol consumption, compared with 3.2% in 1979. With regard to tobacco consumption, no major changes were found between the two investigation periods. The proportion of nonsmokers had risen from 43.8% in 1972/73 to 46.4% in 1979, whereas the proportion of heavy consumers (more than 24 g tobacco a day) remained almost unchanged at 13% in 1979 against 13.5% in 1972/73. There was a major fall in the number of drug consumers. In 1979, 85.8% said they had been drug abstainers since 1972/73. In 1972/73, only 75.2% had said they had never taken drugs. The fall in the number of subjects who consumed drugs can be explained by a reduction in the number of "drug experimenters" (1--8 drug intakes) in the period from 1972/73 to 1979 compared with the years before 1972/73. The number of those reporting more than 48 drug intakes remained virtually unchanged (1.6% in 1979 against 1.3% in 1972/73). PMID- 7268364 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 7268365 TI - [History and clinical picture of lymphogranulomatosis X (including (angio)immunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. AB - The term lymphogranulomatosis X (LgX) designates a clinicopathological entity of unknown etiology ("X"), which was first described by Forster and Moeschlin in 1954. LgX includes the "immunoblastic lymphadenopathy" of Lukes and to a large extent the "angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy" of Rappaport (except for the cases with active germinal centers), but in LgX there is another morphologic variant not mentioned either by Lukes or by Rappaport. To establish the morphologic diagnosis of LgX three typical changes of the affected lymph nodes are needed: effacement of the nodal architecture, absence of active germinal centers, and markedly increased proliferation of epithelioid venules. Cases with only partial effacement of nodal architecture, and especially with active germinal centers, were considered hyperimmune reactions (HR). This "hyperimmune reaction" may be an early stage of LgX: 4 of 39 cases showed later transformation into LgX. Based on cytologic aspects, five different variants of LgX are distinguished: immunoblastic predominance, plasma cell predominance, mixed cell type, epithelioid cell predominance and lymphocytic predominance. Case history and clinical picture of the five variants of LgX (172 patients) are reported and compared with HR (37 patients). In LgX the age peak is in the 7th decade; the youngest patient was 16 years old. HR are seen in children as well as in elderly people, the mean age being 49 years. In LgX males predominate and in HR females. In LgX the disorder is usually more generalized than in HR (80% versus 46% with generalized lymph node enlargement, 69% versus 24% with hepatomegaly and 62% versus 27% with splenomegaly). Skin involvement and high sedimentation rate are less frequent in HR. In LgX a Coombs-positive anemia is occasionally found; its origin is "aplastic" rather than hemolytic. Based on the data presented, some reflections relative to the etiology and pathogenesis of LgX are presented. Rubella virus should be considered a possible etiologic agent. In most cases with drug hypersensitivity, allergic reactions to drugs appear only in the course of the illness; in these cases drugs are ruled out as an etiologic factor. Occasionally, an augmented number of azurophil granulated lymphocytes (suppressor T-cells?) is observed in the blood, a fact that could be a pointer to the pathogenesis of LgX and possibly explain the high incidence of infections seen in this disorder. PMID- 7268366 TI - [Clinical course, therapy and malignant transformation of lymphogranulomatosis X (including (angio)immunoblastic lymphadenopathy)]. PMID- 7268367 TI - [Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis. A case report and literature review]. AB - A case of subacute endocarditis caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is reported. After successful treatment with ampicillin and tobramycin, the destroyed aortic valve was replaced and a communication between an aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva and the right atrium was closed. A further 23 well documented cases from the literature are reviewed. PMID- 7268368 TI - [Pressure and airflow in the upper respiratory tract of horses with partial obstructions]. PMID- 7268369 TI - [Tendinitis of horses]. PMID- 7268370 TI - [Environmental pollution by lead. Lead determination in bones of hares in the Canton of Bern. Development of a new incineration method for lead determination in bones]. PMID- 7268371 TI - Veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver in cheetah's and snowleopards. PMID- 7268372 TI - [Electrophysiological alterations in ischemic myocardium]. PMID- 7268373 TI - [Current problems of energetics of myocardial cells]. PMID- 7268374 TI - [Cardiac muscle mechanics in the evaluation of myocardial contractility]. PMID- 7268376 TI - [The structure of rod disc membrane in retina]. PMID- 7268375 TI - [Regulation of gene expression--a role of chromosomal non-histone protein]. PMID- 7268377 TI - [The application of small-angle X-ray diffraction to molecular physiology and the prospect for using synchrotron X-ray radiation]. PMID- 7268378 TI - [Concerning the quantum theory of acetylcholine release]. PMID- 7268379 TI - [Recent progress on the biochemical study of silicosis]. PMID- 7268380 TI - [Some key problems in the radioimmunoassay of gastrin]. PMID- 7268381 TI - [The development of the concept of homeostasis]. PMID- 7268382 TI - [A brief review on the teaching of biochemistry]. PMID- 7268383 TI - Problems with osteoporosis. PMID- 7268384 TI - Tetanus prophylaxis and accidental wounds. AB - Of 400 consecutive patients who had wounds treated in the Accident Department, 200 remembered receiving either booster injections or a full course of tetanus toxoid in the last 10 years. During this period, 182 patients received their initial toxoid injection in association with treatment of a wound in an accident department. Only 71 (38%) of these patients attended for a full course of injections. From our assessment of the wounds and the patient's anti-tetanus immunity, 79 patients (20%) were considered to be at risk of developing tetanus. By further considering the time interval elapsed between injury and treatment, a 'high risk' group of 13 patients (3%) was recognised. It is recommended that the use of human immunoglobulin should be reserved for the 'high risk' group, and that the remainder of the 'at-risk' patients should receive penicillin prophylaxis only. PMID- 7268386 TI - Recombinant DNA technology: the biochemical manipulation of genes. PMID- 7268385 TI - Recovery of renal function after renovascular surgery. AB - A 48-year-old woman with generalised atheromatous disease had a right nephrectomy for a renal artery occlusion in 1977. Fourteen months later she presented with severe hypertension and anuria, caused by occlusion of the left renal artery. Emergency reconstructive surgery was successful in bringing about recovery of renal function and lowering of her blood pressure. Because renal function had deteriorated slightly after the first operation and improved after the second, a comparison was made of the effects of unilateral nephrectomy and reconstructive surgery on renal function in a further 26 patients with renal artery stenosis. In 15 patients having nephrectomy, renal function deteriorated in most, while in 11 having reconstruction it improved in nine and remained constant in two. PMID- 7268387 TI - Self-diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome and milk intolerance in white and non white doctors. PMID- 7268388 TI - Sexual problems referred to a Scottish psychiatric service. PMID- 7268389 TI - Out-patient curettage: a comparison of Vabra and Gravlee methods. PMID- 7268390 TI - Familial polymyalgia rheumatica. PMID- 7268391 TI - A decade in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7268392 TI - Tuberculous meningitis following pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis. PMID- 7268393 TI - A choledochal cyst in association with primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7268394 TI - The development of permanent unidirectional anterograde block in the accessory pathway of a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and observations on the mechanism of the ensuing incessant circus tachycardia. PMID- 7268395 TI - Brain death 1981. PMID- 7268396 TI - Infection hazards in clinical laboratories. PMID- 7268397 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the peritoneum with special reference to chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Specimens of peritoneum from normal rat, mouse, man, uraemic patients and patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (C.A.P.D.) were examined by en face silver stained preparations and by electron microscopy. The ultrastructural features of the mesothelium and subjacent tissues in normal man, animal and uraemic patients were closely similar. Cellular degeneration and oedema were observed in the mesothelium of patients on C.A.P.D. PMID- 7268399 TI - Turner's syndrome associated with growth hormone deficiency. AB - 11 out of the 13 children with Turner's syndrome currently attending our endocrine clinic were investigated for possible growth hormone deficiency. The parents of two of the 13 children refused permission for these studies. One child had inadequate hypoglycaemia and the test was not repeated. Six of the ten children with adequate hypoglycaemia had an adequate growth hormone response to hypoglycaemia, while 4 children did not. This contradicts several previous studies on children with Turner's syndrome, which have reported normal growth hormone responses to provocative tests. In the normal population approximately one in 15 has an inadequate growth hormone response to hypoglycaemia. PMID- 7268398 TI - Neonatal screening for hypothyroidism in Scotland: results of a pilot study. AB - We have assessed the feasibility of screening for neonatal hypothyroidism based on thyroxine (T4) or thyrotrophin (TSH) assays on dried blood spots collected for the phenylketonuria (PKU) screening programme in Scotland. The TSH assay was both more sensitive and specific than T4 in detecting primary hypothyroidism and was sufficiently rugged and rapid for routine application. Using a labelled antibody assay for TSH, 99.7 per cent of the first 30,000 babies tested had values less than 25 mU/l, and 0.24 per cent had values between 25 and 50 mU/l. Of the 11 suspected positives (TSH greater than 50 mU/l), nine were confirmed on serum specimens as primary hypothyroidism (prevalence 1:3,300) and the two false positives (0.007% of total) were explicable by inappropriate time of sampling. No false negatives have so far been identified. The median time to detection by blood spot assay was 16 days (range 6 to 22 days). Five of the nine cases were not suspected clinically at the time of screening. It is concluded that TSH fulfils most of the criteria for an ideal screening test for primary hypothyroidism and a screening programme based on blood spot TSH will allow therapy to be commenced within one month of birth. PMID- 7268400 TI - Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. AB - A brief review of the development of the surgical management of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is made. The incidence, investigation, management and complications of cases treated at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow over a period of six decades is reported. The mortality fell from 59 per cent in 1925 to 0 per cent in 1975. Pyloromyotomy in infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is shown to be a very effective treatment for this potentially lethal condition and must rank as one of the most cost-effective forms of treatment in medical practice. PMID- 7268402 TI - Small bowel lymphoma presenting as chronic adult intussusception. PMID- 7268401 TI - Tampon-associated toxic shock syndrome--a case report. AB - We report a case of tampon-associated toxic shock syndrome occurring in a 16-year old girl. While this condition has been reported almost exclusively from the USA it is likely that TSS will be recognised elsewhere with increasing frequency as physicians become more aware of its existence. We consider that TSS must be considered in any hypotensive female in the reproductive age group with diarrhoeal illness. PMID- 7268403 TI - Human health and trace element research: problems and prospects. PMID- 7268404 TI - Quantitation of sprouting of dorsal root axons. AB - The axonal sprouting that occurs after denervation resulting from a spinal hemisection can be quantified. Rats were subjected to hemisection of the spinal cord at birth, and the myelinated and unmyelinated axons in dorsal roots three segments cranial and three segments caudal to the lesion were counted 1 month after surgery. The number of unmyelinated axons in the dorsal root on the side of the hemisection increased 22 percent for the roots one segment from the lesion and 13 percent for the roots two and three segments from the lesion. PMID- 7268405 TI - Myeloma neuropathy: passive transfer from man to mouse. AB - Mice were injected daily, for up to 10 weeks, with purified monoclonal immunoglobulin G from patients with myelomatous polyneuropathy or benign gammopathy. The animals developed a demyelinating polyneuropathy with slowed nerve conduction velocities. The putative antinerve factor may be an antibody since injection of Fab fragments from the monoclonal immunoglobulin G produced a similar demyelination. This provides evidence of a circulating factor in the serum of myeloma patients with polyneuropathy that reproduces typical features of the human disease on passive transfer. This disorder is thus distinguished from other neuropathies that occur as remote effects of malignant disease but have no identified pathogenic factors associated with them. PMID- 7268406 TI - Periodicity of sleep states is altered in infants at risk for the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - The normal succession of sleep and waking states through a night is disturbed in infants at risk for the sudden infant death syndrome. Compared with normal infants, siblings of the sudden infant death syndrome victims have longer intervals between active sleep epochs at particular times during the night in the newborn period and a decreased tendency to enter short waking periods at 2 and 3 months of age. The latter finding is interpreted as an increased tendency to remain asleep, or a relative failure to arouse from sleep in infants at risk. PMID- 7268407 TI - Hyperthermia-induced seizures in the rat pup: a model for febrile convulsions in children. AB - Seizures were produced in rat pups by ambient hyperthermia. Seizure threshold temperatures, measured rectally and intracerebrally, increased between 2 and 10 days of age. Electrocortical paroxysmal discharges were confirmed in hyperthermic 6- and 10-day-old pups. The increasing resistance to hyperthermic seizures with maturation and the electroencephalographic changes induced by hyperthermia are similar to those in young children. PMID- 7268408 TI - Abdominal vagotomy blocks the satiety effect of cholecystokinin in the rat. AB - The site where peripherally administered cholecystokinin-8 elicits satiety was investigated by injecting rats with cholecystokinin-8 (1 to 8 micrograms per kilogram of body weight, intraperitoneally) after they had received bilateral lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus or after they had undergone bilateral abdominal vagotomy or selective vagotomies. Abdominal vagotomy or gastric vagotomy abolished or reduced the satiety effect of cholecystokinin, but lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus did not. These results demonstrate that peripherally administered cholecystokinin acts in the abdomen through gastric vagal fibers and not directly on the brain to produce satiety in the rat. PMID- 7268409 TI - Microbial competition. AB - Populations of microorganisms inhabiting a common environment complete for nutrients and other resources of the environment. In some cases, the populations even excrete into the environment chemicals that are toxic or inhibitory to their competitors. Competition between two populations tends to eliminate one of the populations from their common habitat, especially when competition is focused on a single resource and when the populations do not otherwise interact. However, a number of factors mitigate the severity of competition and thus competitors often coexist. PMID- 7268410 TI - Hayes intends modest reforms at FDA. Interview by R. Jeffery Smith. PMID- 7268411 TI - Aspartame approved despite risks. PMID- 7268412 TI - Origin of chlorinated dioxins. PMID- 7268413 TI - Science and the universities. AB - The university system in Canada, as well as its method of funding, was built on the expectation of growth. It is now necessary to consider what effect the expected decline in enrollment may have on the ability of the university system to serve national needs. Neither the government nor the universities have had any experience that would fit them for carrying out effectively, humanly, and economically the kind of contraction that may be required, while still maintaining the quality of education. Such an adjustment is going to require the best efforts of the universities and the two senior levels of government working in concert, as well as the support of the public. Parallels are drawn with the situation in the United States. PMID- 7268414 TI - International science--an overview. AB - Scientific projects that succeed as international cooperative efforts are those related to subjects that transcend national frontiers, are costly, have long range objectives rather than short-term commercial aims, and correspond with the political objectives of the countries involved. Yet the best context for the all science is the global community, which is also the best hope for humanity. The global community is still generations away and scientists must continue to work for it, by seeking the international dimensions of science as individuals and participating in governmental as well as nongovernmental international scientific organizations. PMID- 7268415 TI - Science and technology for development. PMID- 7268416 TI - Health care in the Soviet Union. PMID- 7268417 TI - Human guinea pigs at Oak Ridge? PMID- 7268418 TI - Ethanol reveals novel mercury detoxification step in tissues. AB - Volatile mercury was produced de novo by mouse tissue homogenates that contained mercuric ions. Ethanol stimulated the release of tissue mercury into the vapor phase, and the mechanism appears to be an inhibition of reoxidation of volatile mercury. Components responsible for mercury volatilization are heat-labile. The highest volatilizing activity in the liver is associated with the soluble fraction obtained after centrifugation at 105,000g. PMID- 7268419 TI - Brown adipose tissue: thermic response increased by a single low protein, high carbohydrate meal. AB - The weight of interscapular brown fat in the rat and its rate of respiration increased in response to a single meal. These data suggest that brown adipose tissue plays a role in the thermic effect of meals and that diet-induced thermogenesis may reflect the summation of the thermic effects of single meals during prolonged overeating. PMID- 7268420 TI - Fertilizability of ova ovulated and recovered from rabbit ovaries perfused in vitro. AB - Ovaries removed from New Zealand White rabbits were perfused and exposed to gonadotropin in vitro. The ova ovulated in vitro (N = 56) were recovered and cultured and then transferred to the oviducts of six previously mated Dutch Belted hosts. Twelve of the resulting 36 offspring (33.3 percent) were white. In control matings between 12 Dutch Belted females (six randomly selected and the six hosts) and New Zealand White males, only one of 80 (1.2 percent) offspring was white. These data indicate that ova ovulated in vitro can be transferred to the oviduct of a host rabbit where they may be fertilized and after implantation may develop into viable embryos. PMID- 7268421 TI - Central norepinephrine metabolism during alcohol intoxication in addicts and healthy volunteers. AB - The concentrations of the major norepinephrine metabolite, 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MOPEG), in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of alcoholic patients were markedly elevated during intoxication and successively declined during 1 and 3 weeks of abstinence. During intoxication the MOPEG concentration in cerebrospinal fluid showed a statistically significant correlation with the blood alcohol concentration. In healthy volunteers who received 80 grams of ethanol, the MOPEG concentration in cerebrospinal fluid increased significantly. Healthy subjects sampled during intoxication had significantly higher concentrations of MOPEG in the cerebrospinal fluid than did subjects sampled after the end of intoxication. The results indicate that alcohol administration markedly stimulates norepinephrine metabolism in the central nervous system in human subjects possibly by increasing unit impulse activity of central noradrenergic neurons. PMID- 7268422 TI - Functional restoration of vision in the cat after long-term monocular deprivation. AB - Recovery of visual acuity was studied in six long-term monocularly deprived cats after removal of the nondeprived eye or reverse lid suture. Although both manipulations improved visual acuity, removal of the nondeprived eye was associated with more rapid recovery and higher find acuity than in reverse suture. These results are in agreement with the known electrophysiological effects of these recovery conditions and are also similar to the effects of reverse occlusion or loss of the nonamblyopic eye in human amblyopes. PMID- 7268423 TI - Retinal ganglion cell classes in the Old World monkey: morphology and central projections. AB - Labeled ganglion cells were studied in whole-mount retinas of Old World monkeys after electrophoretic injections of horseradish peroxidase into physiologically characterized sites. A number of different morphological classes have been identified, each of which has a distinctive pattern of central projection. Since different functional classes of primate retinal ganglion cells also have distinctive patterns of central projection, correspondences between functional and morphological cell types have been inferred. There prove to be parallels between morphological types of cat monkey ganglion cells. PMID- 7268424 TI - Behavioral effects of lead and Toxocara canis in mice. AB - Adult mice were administered the common parasite Toxocara canis or lead or both. The parasite clearly altered mouse performance on tests of exploration, activity, learning, and motor coordination; behavioral effects in mice receiving lead alone were less general. Consequence of Toxocara administration appeared attenuated in animals receiving both agents. Parasite larvae were found in the central nervous system in all infected mice. PMID- 7268425 TI - Metabolism of catechol estrogens by erythrocyte catechol-O methyltransferase. PMID- 7268426 TI - Preventing maternal cannibalism in rats. PMID- 7268427 TI - Indirect costs. PMID- 7268428 TI - The golgi apparatus: two organelles in tandem. AB - The Golgi apparatus consists of distinct cis and trans compartments that may act sequentially to refine the protein export of the endoplasmic reticulum by removing escaped endoplasmic reticulum proteins. Refinement may be a multistage process akin to fractional distillation; the stack of cisternae comprising the cis Golgi may be the plates in this distillation tower. The trans Golgi, consisting of the last one or two cisternae, may be the receiver that collects from the cis Golgi only its most refined fraction for later distribution to specific locations throughout the cell. PMID- 7268430 TI - A new generation of antibiotics. PMID- 7268429 TI - Genetic effects of the atomic bombs: a reappraisal. AB - Data are presented on four indicators of genetic effects from studies of children born to survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The indicators are frequency of untoward pregnancy outcomes (stillbirth, major congenital defect, death during the first postnatal weak); occurrence of death in live-born children, through an average of life expectancy of 17 years; frequency of children with sex chromosome aneuploidy; and frequency of children with mutation resulting in an eletrophoretic variant. In no instance is there a statistically significant effect of parental exposure; but for all indicators the observed effect is in the direction suggested by the hypothesis that genetic damage resulted from the exposure. On the basis of assumptions concerning the contribution that spontaneous mutation in the preceding generation makes to the indicators in question, it is possible to estimate the genetic doubling dose for radiation for the first three indicators (the data base is still too small for the fourth). The average of these estimates is 156 rems. This is some four times higher than the results from experimental studies on the mouse with comparable radiation sources, which have been the principal guide to the presumed human sensitivities. The relevance of these data in setting permissible limits for human exposures is discussed briefly. PMID- 7268431 TI - A new multipurpose drug from China. PMID- 7268432 TI - Vasopressin exhibits a rhythmic daily pattern in cerebrospinal fluid but not in blood. PMID- 7268433 TI - Toxic injury to isolated hepatocytes is not dependent on extracellular calcium. AB - Freshly isolated hepatocytes from phenobarbital-treated rats were incubated in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium with three differently acting liver cell toxins, namely carbon tetrachloride, bromobenzene, and ethylmethanesulfonate. In the absence of extracellular calcium these three compounds were far more toxic to the cells than in its presence. This result is inconsistent with the hypothesis that an influx of extracellular calcium is required as the final step in toxic liver cell injury. PMID- 7268434 TI - Fluorescence of photoreceptor cells observed in vivo. AB - Most rhabdomeres in the eye of the fly (Musca domestica) are fluorescent. One kind of fluorescent emission emanates from a photoproduct of the visual pigment, other kinds may be ascribed to photostable pigments. These phenomena provide not only a means of spectrally mapping the retina but also a new spectroscopic tool for analyzing the primary visual processes in vivo. PMID- 7268435 TI - Autoantibodies from vasectomized guinea pigs inhibit fertilization in vitro. AB - Immunoglobulin G and Fab antibodies were isolated from the serum of vasectomized guinea pigs, and the effects of the antibodies on fertilization in vitro were investigated. These antibodies had profound inhibitory effects on (i) sperm-to sperm adhesion, (ii) the acrosome reaction, (iii) sperm-zona binding, and (iv) sperm-ovum fusion. This finding may explain certain cases of infertility after vasovasostomy in men. PMID- 7268436 TI - Glucose transfer from male to female schistosomes. PMID- 7268437 TI - Cardiac sarcolemma: compositional adaptation to exercise. AB - Marked changes were observed in the lipid composition of highly purified plasma membranes isolated from the hearts of rats subjected to daily treadmill running. Compared to sedentary controls, sarcolemmal content of total phospholipid and phosphatidylserine in the trained group was increased 23 and 50 percent, respectively. This observation suggests a mechanism by which cardiac contractility may be enhanced by exercise. PMID- 7268438 TI - Spatial knowledge and geometric representation in a child blind from birth. AB - A series of experiments demonstrated that a congenitally blind 2 1/2-year-old child-as well as sighted but blindfolded children and adults-can determine the appropriate path between two objects after traveling to each of those objects from a third object. This task requires that the child detect the distances and the angular relationship of the familiar paths and that she derive therefrom the angle of the new path. Our research indicates that the locomotion of the young blind child is guided by knowledge of the Euclidean properties of a spatial layout and by principles for making inferences based on those properties. PMID- 7268439 TI - Staining of blue-sensitive cones of the macaque retina by a fluorescent dye. AB - Intravitreal injection of a fluorescent dye, Procion yellow, results in the complete and systematic staining of a cone population in the monkey retina. These cones form an approximately regular array whose separation varies with retinal eccentricity. They are absent in the very center of the fovea, and their density peaks at 1 degree. The distribution of stained cones resembles that reported for blue-sensitive cones of other primates and, consistent with such an identification, they are found with less incidence in species having lower concentrations of blue cones. PMID- 7268440 TI - Acetylcholine and bradykinin relax intrapulmonary arteries by acting on endothelial cells: role in lung vascular diseases. AB - Acetylcholine and bradykinin produced potent relaxation of isolated canine intrapulmonary arteries contracted by serotonin, norepinephrine, or phenylephrine provided the endothelium was left intact. Selective mechanical destruction of the endothelium transformed the activity of these substances from vasodilatation to vasoconstriction. Acetylcholine-induced relaxations, in the presence of intact endothelium, could be selectively inhibited competitively by atropine, but could not be inhibited by cyclooxygenase inhibitors, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, adrenergic blocking drugs, or histaminergic antagonists. RElaxations produced by prostacyclin, prostaglandin E1, isoproterenol, papaverine, or histamine H2 receptor agonists were not modified, or attenuated, by selective destruction of pulmonary endothelial cells. These observations might provide insight into the etiology of the increased pulmonary resistance observed in pulmonary hypertension and shock lung. PMID- 7268441 TI - Chiral recognition by nucleosides and nucleotides: resolution of helicenes by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Chiral recognition by nucleosides and nucleotides coated on silica gel was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography. Helicenes, which are chiral polyaromatic hydrocarbons, were used as probes. Stereoselectivity was detected when the nucleobase was a purine (adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate, an guanosine), but was not detected with the pyrimidine derivative uridine. For a given nucleobase (adenine), all changes in the ribose moiety affected the resolution factors, which ranged between 1.03 and 1.074. These results might be relevant to the enantioselectivity of carcinogenic metabolites of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 7268442 TI - Retrograde amnesia: possible role of mesencephalic reticular activation in long term memory. PMID- 7268443 TI - Development of stereopsis and cortical binocularity in human infants: electrophysiological evidence. AB - Dynamic random-dot stereograms and correlograms were used to elicit visually evoked brain potentials from human infants, and these potentials were compared with potentials evoked by classical checkerboard pattern reversal. The results indicate that infants begin to produce stereoscopically evoked potentials at the age of 10 to 19 weeks, several weeks after showing classical checkerboard-evoked potentials, and suggest that the onset of cortical binocularity precedes stereopsis. PMID- 7268444 TI - Spatial localization after strabismus surgery: evidence for inflow. AB - Strabismics pointed to targets (without sight of the hand) before and again after surgery that altered the position of the deviating eye in its orbit. Patients having this surgery for the first time were able to use proprioceptively derived information about the surgically altered eye position. In contrast, patients who had similar operations, but on muscles that had been operated on one or more times in the past, were apparently deprived of this information. The important afference may be supplied by the tendon organs. PMID- 7268445 TI - Long-term stress-induced analgesia and activation of the opiate system. PMID- 7268446 TI - Carcinogen-DNA adducts in mutagenesis assays. PMID- 7268447 TI - The pathology of osteoarthritis: ten strategic questions for pharmacologic management. PMID- 7268448 TI - Utilisation of biochemistry laboratory service - a ten-year review. PMID- 7268449 TI - Diabetic screening in pregnancy. PMID- 7268450 TI - Management of the smoking habit in a rehabilitation programme. PMID- 7268451 TI - Ocular toxicity from ethambutol. PMID- 7268452 TI - Pattern of intrinsic innervation of human coronary arteries. PMID- 7268454 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis a case report. PMID- 7268455 TI - Chorea, a manifestation of hyponatraemia? PMID- 7268456 TI - Thyrotoxicosis mimicking carcinoma of the oesophagus. PMID- 7268453 TI - Screening for thalassaemia and haemoglobinopathy in adult patients. PMID- 7268457 TI - Pilomatrixoma (calcifying epithelioma) in Sarawak. PMID- 7268458 TI - Severe leucopenia and fever due to benzylpenicillin -- a rare complication of treatment with a common antibiotic. PMID- 7268459 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of extremity masses. AB - Radiographic examination of soft tissue extremity masses is frequently inconclusive. In 18 patients with normal or nonspecifically abnormal radiographs, gray scale ultrasonography provided useful additional information. It was possible to distinguish fluid collections from solid masses, and recurrent venous thrombosis from hematoma in anticoagulated patients. Occasionally, specific diagnoses were suggested on the basis of ultrasonic morphologic characteristics. Diagnoses included soft tissue neoplasms, hematomas, aneurysms, synovial cysts, abscesses, and a lymphocele. Ultrasonically guided percutaneous needle aspiration was diagnostic to two cases. Features of differential diagnostic value relative to extremity solid masses and fluid collections are discussed. Ultrasonography is useful in evaluating these soft tissue masses. PMID- 7268460 TI - Disturbances of trabecular architecture in the upper end of the femur in childhood. AB - Trabeculae represent the smallest functional component of bone visible with conventional radiographic methods. Their architecture is affected by mechanical, hormonal, nutritional, genetic, toxic, and local disease processes. Trabecular evaluation, if coupled with a knowledge of normal trabecular development in children, can represent a sensitive index of bone malfunction, at least as judged radiographically. This paper explores alterations in the trabecular architecture of the upper end of the femur in children. PMID- 7268461 TI - The value of computed tomography scanning in elusive fractures of the cervical spine. PMID- 7268462 TI - Electrical injury involving the immature skeleton. AB - Two patients are presented with significant problems of skeletal development and function consequent to electrical impulse propagation through the immature skeleton. Amputation stump revision in the first case allowed an opportunity to assess specific histologic and morphologic changes. Electrical damage completely destroyed portions of trabecular bone in the metaphyses and epiphyseal ossification centers. There were morphologic irregularities in the physis of the distal femur, while in the proximal tibia complete cessation of growth occurred through presumed electrical ablation of the physis. There was virtually no endosteal or periosteal callus, no intertrabecular inflammatory response, and no new bone formation well over a year following the original injury. The knee joint exhibited severe fibrous ankylosis. In the second case localized arrest of the posterolateral portion of the proximal tibial physis caused a valgus/recurvatum deformation, and probably slowed down distal growth sufficiently in the stump end to prevent irregular terminal overgrowth of the tibia, although it did occur in the fibula. PMID- 7268463 TI - Tibiotalar tilt--a new slant. AB - Classically tibiotalar tilt (TTT) is associated with four conditions: Fairbanks disease, hemophilia, sickle-cell anemia and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. We have found it to be present in at least 20 other conditions including other dysplasias, developmental conditions such as fibrous dysplasia and a variety of other acquired disorders including various metabolic diseases and following previous trauma. The pathogenesis is controversial, but the most probable cause is related to stress and the blood supply of the distal tibial epiphysis. The differentiation of TTT from pseudotibiotalar tilt is also discussed. PMID- 7268464 TI - Case report 148. Paget disease (osteoporosis circumscripta) of C3. PMID- 7268465 TI - Case report 149. Infantile congenital fibrosarcoma of humerus. PMID- 7268466 TI - Case report 150. Solitary bone cyst with cementum-like bone production. PMID- 7268467 TI - Case report 151. Solitary plasmacytoma associated with peripheral neuropathy. PMID- 7268468 TI - Case report 153. Mycetoma due to Streptomyces somaliensis ("Madura skull"). PMID- 7268469 TI - Case report 154. Aneurysmal bone cyst of L2. PMID- 7268470 TI - Case report 155. Polyostotic Paget disease complicated by benign giant cell tumor of left clavicle. PMID- 7268471 TI - Latent fear-arousing potential of fear-moderating and fear-neutral health promoting information. PMID- 7268472 TI - Two years' referrals to a regional adolescent unit: some implications for psychiatric services. PMID- 7268473 TI - Surviving an amputation. PMID- 7268474 TI - Death during dangerous autoerotic practice. PMID- 7268475 TI - Mothers' awareness on benefits of breast-milk and cultural taboos during lactation. PMID- 7268476 TI - Community attitudes to mental health: a comparative study. PMID- 7268477 TI - Personality differences between sick and rarely sick individuals. PMID- 7268478 TI - Cushing's disease and failure of dexamethasone suppression. PMID- 7268479 TI - Pulmonary nocardiosis. PMID- 7268480 TI - Prazosin HCl in treating hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7268481 TI - Acute vitamin A intoxication. PMID- 7268482 TI - Staphylococcal ventriculitis treated with vancomycin. PMID- 7268483 TI - Perforated duodenal ulcer in infancy. PMID- 7268484 TI - Familial mental retardation with an incidental balanced t(12;16) translocation. PMID- 7268485 TI - Calcification in squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. PMID- 7268486 TI - Preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma by ultrasonography. PMID- 7268487 TI - Mycobacterium xenopi mycobacteriosis. PMID- 7268489 TI - Clinical medical librarians. PMID- 7268488 TI - Slipping rib syndrome. PMID- 7268490 TI - DMSO: Dr. Dulcamara's delight? PMID- 7268491 TI - Colorectal cancer in young adults. AB - The clinical and pathologic characteristics of colorectal cancer in patients younger than 30 years are compared with those in patients 30 to 39 years of age. Patients in the two age groups had similar symptoms, predominantly undifferentiated neoplasms, and poor prognoses. However, when the characteristics of these patients were compared with those described for a general patient population with colorectal cancer there was a gradual decrease in the incidence of mucin-producing tumors, poorly differentiated carcinomas, and primary lesions in the right colon, with increasing age at diagnosis. The highest incidences were found in patients less than 30 years old. The degree of tumor anaplasia and stage of tumor at diagnosis significantly influenced the duration of disease-free interval after curative resection of the primary and the duration of survival. Ninety-six percent of patients younger than 40 years had carcinomas extending beyond the colonic wall at diagnosis, adversely affecting long-term survival. The five-year survival of only 25% to 30% in these patients emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and aggressive treatment. PMID- 7268492 TI - Argon laser treatment of port-wine hemangiomas: clinical and histologic correlation. PMID- 7268493 TI - Multilocular cyst of the kidney. PMID- 7268494 TI - Compression and elevation of tissue in cryosurgical treatment of angiomas. PMID- 7268496 TI - Heart disease and pregnancy. PMID- 7268495 TI - Obstetric use of continuous epidural block in a private community hospital: review of 500 cases. AB - Five hundred consecutive births in which continuous lumbar epidural block was used for analgesia were reviewed retrospectively. We wished to evaluate the safety and practicality of this anesthetic technic as done by practicing obstetricians in a predominantly private practice. Although many of the results confirmed those of previous studies, the most important findings were than the cesarean section rate was no higher than in the total obstetric population during the study period and that there was a high incidence of forceps usage in patients who had epidural analgesia. There was no maternal mortality, low maternal morbidity, and complications were not serious. Perinatal morbidity was not increased despite the high incidence of forceps deliveries. Continuous lumbar epidural analgesia was shown to be an effective and safe anesthetic technic for use by practicing obstetricians. PMID- 7268497 TI - Useful triad for diagnosing the cause of chest pain. AB - In a series of 127 consecutive patients operated on for thoracic outlet syndrome and 100 consecutive patients who had antireflux operations for reflux esophagitis, we found a high incidence of association between thoracic outlet syndrome, reflux esophagitis, and cardiovascular disease. In the group of patients with thoracic outlet syndrome, 35.4% had reflux esophagitis and 26%, cardiovascular disease. Of the patients operated on for reflux esophagitis, 38% were found to also have thoracic outlet syndrome and 39%, cardiovascular disease. While cardiovascular diseases have by far the most serious consequences for patients with chest pain, the high incidence of association between cardiovascular diseases, reflux esophagitis, and thoracic outlet syndrome comprises a triad helpful for the etiologic diagnosis of chest pain. PMID- 7268498 TI - Sleep apnea: a clinical perspective. PMID- 7268499 TI - Respiratory insufficiency associated with acute intermittent porphyria. AB - Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a disease that may present with gastrointestinal, psychiatric, or neurologic symptoms. We describe two patients in whom AIP was first diagnosed during episodes of acute respiratory insufficiency. The biochemical defects, clinical presentations, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and treatment of AIP are reviewed. We emphasize that AIP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of every patient with unexplained respiratory failure. Once considered, AIP is relatively simple to diagnose and specific therapeutic measures can be instituted. PMID- 7268500 TI - Coexistent carpal tunnel syndrome and cervical radiculopathy (double crush syndrome). PMID- 7268501 TI - Frontal lobe lesions and behavior. PMID- 7268502 TI - Recent advances in academic job placement. PMID- 7268504 TI - Herpesvirus hominis hepatitis of mother and newborn infant. PMID- 7268503 TI - Herpes simplex infection of burn wounds. PMID- 7268505 TI - Extreme eosinophilia and strongyloidiasis: an uncommon manifestation of a common disease. PMID- 7268506 TI - Streptococcus bovis bacteremia: diagnosis of neoplasms by colonoscopy. PMID- 7268507 TI - [Role of integral indices to the health of the population in accomplishing ecological planning]. PMID- 7268508 TI - [Characteristics of functional health status]. PMID- 7268509 TI - [Trends in the health status of the population of Eastern Siberia and their health services needs]. PMID- 7268511 TI - [Preventive care of healthy people by the occupational physician]. PMID- 7268510 TI - [Continuity of medical care between hospitals and outpatient clinics]. PMID- 7268513 TI - [Medical care for World War II disabled and veterans]. PMID- 7268512 TI - [Level and structure of the requirements of the Moscow population for emergency medical care]. PMID- 7268514 TI - [Complex technical outfitting of health care and preventive health establishments]. PMID- 7268515 TI - [Opinion survey on the distribution of medical and preventive medical institutions serving workers in industrial enterprises]. PMID- 7268516 TI - [Various aspects of the problem of physician secrecy]. PMID- 7268517 TI - [Systems approach in history of medicine studies]. PMID- 7268518 TI - [The local periodical press as a history of medicine source]. PMID- 7268519 TI - [Noteworthy and jubilee dates in the history of medicine in 1982]. PMID- 7268520 TI - [Surgical procedure in gynecologic diseases simulating acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7268521 TI - [Colonoscopy in rectal cancer]. PMID- 7268522 TI - [Use of piracetam (nootropil) on alcoholism patients under ambulatory control of withdrawal manifestations]. PMID- 7268523 TI - [Causes for the acute and chronic course of extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 7268524 TI - [Parlodel in the treatment of gigantomastia]. PMID- 7268525 TI - [Clinical variants of rheumatoid arthritis and the LDH isoenzyme spectrum]. PMID- 7268526 TI - [Blood trace elements in acute myocardial infarct complicated by arrhythmias]. PMID- 7268527 TI - [Interrelationships between the excess consumption of table salt and arterial pressure]. PMID- 7268528 TI - [Use of oxygen as a test gas for determining the closure volume of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 7268529 TI - [Spontaneous contacts between lymphocytes and erythrocyte in the blood of patients with postburn cicatrices]. PMID- 7268530 TI - [Ultrasonic scanning of the kidneys in the diagnosis of complex cases of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7268531 TI - [Myosin antibody content in rheumatism patients]. PMID- 7268532 TI - [Ultrasonic echography for visualizing the vessels of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7268533 TI - [Determination of glucose absorption by the erythrocytes in diagnosing the early stages of diabetes mellitus in children]. PMID- 7268534 TI - [Detection of borderline normal and pathological states in sailors on a cruise]. PMID- 7268535 TI - [Medical aspects of preventing road traffic accidents]. PMID- 7268536 TI - [Model of specific programmed instruction for the pharmacist as a basis for optimizing the academic process in college]. PMID- 7268537 TI - [Determination of Shigella and Salmonella antigens by the coagglutination reaction in patients with acute intestinal infectious diseases]. PMID- 7268538 TI - [Ambulatory endobronchial therapy in asthmatic bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7268539 TI - [Use of dimethyl sulfoxide in lipoid necrobiosis in diabetes mellitus patients]. PMID- 7268540 TI - [Detergent-novocaine solution in the local treatment of surface thermal burns]. PMID- 7268541 TI - [Preoperative adhesive intestinal obstruction in appendicular peritonitis]. PMID- 7268542 TI - 1980 Volvo award in basic science. Proteoglycans in experimental intervertebral disc degeneration. AB - An animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration induced surgically by ventral nuclear herniation in the rabbit produces morphologic changes of disc degeneration. Histologic characteristics and proteoglycan changes have been studied at various times after herniation. After injury, there was metaplasia into fibrocartilage originating from the cells along the margins of the annular wound, with proliferation of cells changing almost the entire disc space into fibrocartilage. A vertebral osteophyte occurred through an endochondral ossification sequence. Aggregating proteoglycans had two periods of repletion in the early course of degeneration. The water content of the disc was rapidly but only transiently restored in the first two days after herniation, whilst the changes in the total proteoglycan content of the disc paralleled these changes. Hyaluronic acid content decreased rapidly after herniation, but the size of the proteoglycan monomers did not change with degeneration. It is suggested that loss of confined fluid mechanics signals an abortive repair attempt rather than that of biochemical changes in proteoglycans initiate disc degeneration. PMID- 7268543 TI - 1980 Volvo award winner in basic science. Nutritional pathways of the intervertebral disc. An experimental study using hydrogen washout technique. AB - The pathways of material transfer to the intervertebral disc were studied in adult dogs by measuring diffusion of hydrogen molecules in the nucleus pulposus before and after disruption of the route through the annulus fibrosus and before and after disruption of the end-plate route. The interfaces was only in the central two-thirds of one side, caused significantly greater decrease in the rate of hydrogen washout than the disruption of the annulus route. Histologically, the bone-cartilage interface was frequently perforated by marrow cavity and vascular buds. These findings suggest that the end-plate route is a major pathway for material transfer to the intervertebral disc. PMID- 7268544 TI - The relevance of torsion to the mechanical derangement of the lumbar spine. AB - Cadaveric lumbar intervertebral joints were loaded simultaneously in torsion and compression, and load-deformation curves were obtained. These were repeated after each of the following structures were cut through in turn: the supra/interspinous ligaments, the apophyseal joint in compression, and the apophyseal joint in tension. From the differences in the curves, it was possible to deduce the role of each structure and of the intervertebral disc in resisting and limiting torsion. The results show that torsion of the lumbar spine is resisted primarily by the apophyseal joint that is in compression, although the intervertebral disc does play a major role. The capsular ligaments of the tension facet and the supra/interspinous ligaments are unimportant. The compression facet is the first of rotation in joints with nondegenerated intervertebral discs. Much greater angles are required to damage the intervertebral disc, so torsion seems unimportant in the etiology of disc degeneration and prolapse. PMID- 7268545 TI - The mechanism of the lumbar spine. AB - The moments generated in the lumbar spine by a weight lifter are balanced by moments generated internally by muscles and by the intervertebral ligamentous structures including the disc. Unique real number solutions have been obtained by a optimization technique minimizing shear and penalizing excessive muscle power. The model faithfully reproduces the electromyographic responses and all known experimentally-determined values for muscle power and compression. The outputs can be used to calculate a realistic motion of the spine under various loads. The model suggests that in handling heavy loads, the stress at each intervertebral joint is identical and with maximal voluntary effort, the weight lifter does not exceed 67% of the ultimate strength of his tissues. PMID- 7268546 TI - [Legionellosis]. PMID- 7268547 TI - [Outbreak of trichinosis in Villanueva, Zacatecas]. PMID- 7268549 TI - [Objectives and strategy of the health sector toward obtaining minimum health requirements for all in the year 2000]. PMID- 7268550 TI - [Registration of deaths in a rural community]. PMID- 7268548 TI - [Cure of acute recurrent tonsillitis with high antistreptolysin (using supervised penicillin treatment). Part II]. PMID- 7268551 TI - [Various aspects of arterial pressure in rural areas of Jalisco. II]. PMID- 7268552 TI - [Long-term effects of alcohol on the digestive tract. Modern concepts, = personal experiences and remarks on damaged digestive tract organs, with special reference to the stomach, pancreas and small intestine]. PMID- 7268553 TI - [Use of the extension of traction method in the treatment of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children]. PMID- 7268555 TI - [Diabetes mellitus in the Paracin and Svetozarevo region]. PMID- 7268554 TI - [Comparison of spirometric findings in chronic non-specific lung disease before and after rehabilitation]. PMID- 7268556 TI - [Use of emergency tracheotomy and endotracheal intubation in acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7268557 TI - [Diagnostic and legal signs of tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 7268558 TI - [Cardiovascular incidents due to therapy with psychopharmaceutical drugs]. PMID- 7268559 TI - [Nephropathy in a heroin abuser]. PMID- 7268560 TI - [DiGeorge syndrome in a 3 1/2-year-old girl]. PMID- 7268561 TI - [Harmful effects of lead on the heart and blood vessels]. PMID- 7268562 TI - [Correlation of sensory nerve conduction values of the median and ulnar nerves with anthropometric parameters in newborn infants]. PMID- 7268563 TI - [Motor conduction velocity of the peroneal and tibial nerves in newborn infants]. PMID- 7268564 TI - [Nasotracheal intubation and tracheotomy in childhood]. PMID- 7268565 TI - [Shock caused by gram-negative bacterial infection]. PMID- 7268566 TI - [Rheumatic fever, seronegative and "reactive" arthritis. Differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7268568 TI - [Infectivity of leprosy. Case report]. PMID- 7268569 TI - [Hemorrhagic syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7268567 TI - [Leprosy in Montenegro and a report of a new case]. PMID- 7268570 TI - [Elevated ST-segment on the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 7268571 TI - [Modern film screen systems of rare earths in clinical radiology]. PMID- 7268573 TI - [Short-term tomosynthesis - clinical experiences]. PMID- 7268572 TI - [State of the art and future of roentgen television]. PMID- 7268574 TI - [The electronic depth picture]. PMID- 7268575 TI - [The value of tomography in patient positioning in radiotherapy planning]. PMID- 7268576 TI - [The sternoclavicular articulation: demonstration in a second plane]. PMID- 7268577 TI - [Arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis using vein allotransplants]. PMID- 7268578 TI - [Extracorporeal liver perfusion in pigs with acute liver failures]. PMID- 7268579 TI - [Surgical aspects of artificial heart implantation]. PMID- 7268580 TI - [Intensive care of multiple injuries]. PMID- 7268581 TI - [Associated injuries of soft tissues of the knee]. PMID- 7268582 TI - [Diagnosis of Achilles tendon injuries using xeroradiography]. PMID- 7268583 TI - [Prevention of injuries of the recurrent nerve and parathyroid glands in subtotal and total thyroidectomy]. PMID- 7268584 TI - [How to further improve the results of surgical treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 7268585 TI - [Survival after combined therapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 7268586 TI - [Adrenal cortex carcinoma]. PMID- 7268587 TI - [Surgical treatment of complications of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7268588 TI - [Acute abdomen after jumping into water]. PMID- 7268589 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the differential diagnosis of cholestasis]. PMID- 7268590 TI - [Ileus as a late complication of barium peritonitis]. PMID- 7268591 TI - [Carcinoid of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7268592 TI - [The clinical significance of meconium in the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 7268593 TI - Carcinoma of the pancreas. PMID- 7268594 TI - Vascular compression of the brachial plexus following stab injuries to the neck. PMID- 7268595 TI - Dog bites in children. PMID- 7268596 TI - [The treatment of immunological infertility]. AB - In 6 cases antisperm antibodies were demonstrated in the serum of patients. Other causes of infertility were excluded. The patients were treated with corticosteroids; in 5 cases prednisone 5 mg three times daily for 3 months was used, while in 1 case methylprednisolone 96 mg daily for 7 days was used. In 5 patients the antibody titre declined. Three pregnancies resulted. PMID- 7268597 TI - Training the obstetrician in ultrasonography. Minimum requirements. AB - The development of diagnostic ultrasonography and its present status in South Africa are briefly sketched. The need for control in training programmes and the maintenance of standards of practice is discussed. Overseas training programmes are mentioned with particular emphasis on that given in Australia. Training requirements for obstetricians wishing to use diagnostic ultrasound are outlined and future guidelines for training in the use of diagnostic ultrasound in South Africa are suggested. PMID- 7268598 TI - Uterine actinomycosis. A case report and review. AB - Current literature documents an association between intra-uterine contraceptive usage and genital tract colonization or infection with actinomycosis. Uterine involvement, however, is extremely rate. A case of severe pelvic infection with uterine perforation due to an actinomycosis fistula as confirmed by tissue is presented. The condition of actinomycosis is reviewed with special attention to involvement of the female pelvic organs and the difficulties in diagnosis. PMID- 7268599 TI - Quintuplet gestation. A case report. AB - The incidence of multiple gestation has increased as a result of ovulation stimulation in recent years. The early diagnosis by ultrasonography of the quintuplet gestation and the institution of special treatment to prevent the most common complications are discussed. The patient was delivered of five male infants at caesarean section after early rupture of membranes. Routine scanning during the first trimester plays an important role in the diagnosis of multiple gestation early in pregnancy. In the present case ultrasonography was used extensively in conjunction with other parameters. We feel that this management may have contributed largely to the successful outcome. PMID- 7268600 TI - Vesting of private pension benefits in 1979 and change from 1972. AB - This article examines the prevalence of vested private pension benefits in 1979 as reported by full-time private wage and salary workers actively participating in pension plans. It also analyzes the effect of selected demographic, economic, labor-force, and plan characteristics on vested status. Years of participation in a plan was by far the most important predictor of vested status. Age was positively related to vested status even after accounting for the longer plan participation of older workers. Evidence pertaining to occupation, size of firm, and type of employer plan suggests that multi-employer plans and those covering professional and managerial workers and the employees of the smallest firms have more rapid vesting schedules than plans covering other workers. Sex, race, union representation, and earnings had little meaningful effect on vested status. This article also examines change in the prevalence of vesting after passage of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) by comparing reported vested rates for 1972 and 1979. The proportion of plan participants reporting vested benefits rose substantially during this period, a finding suggestive of ERISA's substantial impact. The magnitude of the change is examined by years of service with employer, age, sex, earnings, occupation, and industry. PMID- 7268601 TI - Coverage patterns of full-time employees under private retirement plans. AB - This article reports on the pension plan participation rate of full-time private wage and salary workers. Data are from a May 1979 Bureau of the Census survey on the pension plan coverage and vesting status of employed workers. The survey results indicate that about half of all full-time private sector workers were covered by a pension plan, with male employees having a 55-percent coverage rate compared with 40 percent for female employees. The survey also found significant variations in coverage by such factors as age, tenure, industry, size of establishment, occupation, income, and membership in a collective bargaining unit. The relationships between coverage and these variables are examined and comparisons are made between the May 1979 survey findings and the findings from a similar survey on coverage status conducted in April 1972. PMID- 7268602 TI - A comparison of social security taxes and Federal income taxes. PMID- 7268603 TI - Social Security in review. PMID- 7268604 TI - Federal civil service adult survivor annuitants and Social Security, December 1975. AB - This article reviews the recent experience of adult survivor annuitants under the Federal civil service retirement program. Data are presented for such persons in terms of their status in December 1975 as primary beneficiaries, secondary beneficiaries, or nonbeneficiaries under the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. Analysis reveals that 63 percent of the survivor annuitants were dual beneficiaries-that is, they received an OASDI benefit as well as an annuity payment. About half the remaining annuitants were permanently insured under the OASDI program, so it can be anticipated that at least four fifth of the Federal civil service survivor annuitants ultimately will also receive an OASDI benefit. The survivor annuity replaced 27 percent of a decreased spouse's Federal civil service salary at the median. The median replacement rate of annuity plus OASDI benefit was 48 percent of civil service salary. PMID- 7268605 TI - Symptom duration and survival prospects in carcinoma of the rectum. AB - Between 1950 and 1978, 1,228 patients were operated upon by one of us for carcinoma of the rectum. Symptom duration data were available for 1,081 patients. Forty-five per cent of the patients had symptoms preoperatively for less than three months, 22 per cent for three to six months, 15 per cent for six to 12 months and 18 per cent for 12 months or longer. The frequency of major symptoms did not differ significantly with increasing symptom duration. Symptom duration was not related to sex, age, tumor site within the rectum or tumor stage distribution. The proportion of curative to palliative operative procedures performed was unrelated to the duration of symptoms. The cancer specific survival rate was better for the total patient series and for those treated by curative resection if symptoms had been present for 12 months or longer compared with those of less than three months' duration, p = 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively. Survival prospects were also better for patients with symptoms of less than six months' duration compared with those of six months or longer, p = 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively. These results indicate that earlier diagnosis during the symptomatic period of carcinoma of the rectum cannot be expected to improve cancer specific survival rates. They direct attention to the importance of preclinical diagnosis. PMID- 7268606 TI - Oxygen transport after hemodilution of human blood with crystalline hemoglobin solution. AB - Fresh human blood and hemoglobin solution were mixed in different proportions to simulate hemodilution volumes occurring when blood is replaced by hemoglobin solution. Oxygen dissociation curves, P50 and hematocrit value of blood, hemoglobin solution and mixtures of blood and hemoglobin solution were determined. Total hemoglobin and oxygen content of the samples and the contribution to the total content by the two components in the mixtures were also measured. From these data, calculations were made of the oxygen release, at different pO2, by blood, hemoglobin solution and mixtures of blood and hemoglobin solution with contribution by each of two components. An in vitro analysis of static equilibrium between hemoglobin and oxygen demonstrates that the contribution of hemoglobin to the total oxygen released is affected by three factors, the left shift of the oxygen dissociation curve, the pO2 at the tissue level and the concentration of the hemoglobin in the solution used for hemodilution. PMID- 7268607 TI - Effect of acetylcholine and catecholamines on the enterochromaffin-like cells of the stomach. AB - Small pieces of fundic mucosa from rats were incubated for 15 minutes at 3 degrees C. in tissue culture medium, and the effects of acetylcholine, epinephrine and norepinephrine on the enterochromaffin-like cell were studied by electron microscopy with a morphometric study of the secretory granules. The addition of acetylcholine and norepinephrine did not cause significant changes in the secretory granules of the cell, while the addition of epinephrine caused a significant increase in the volume density of the secretory granules. This increase was associated with a significant decrease in electron opaque components within the secretory granules of the cell. The results suggest that the activity of the cells in rats is under direct adrenomedullary influence. PMID- 7268608 TI - The effects upon blood coagulation in dogs of experimentally induced pancreatitis and the infusion of pancreatic juice. AB - The coagulation changes observed in acute experimental pancreatitis were compared with those after the intravenous infusion of pancreatic juice and ascitic fluid exudate obtained from bile-induced pancreatitis in dogs. The coagulation changes after acute pancreatitis was induced by the intraductal injection of autologous bile, trypsin or elastase showed decreased platelet counts, decreased plasma fibrinogen levels, prolonged partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times, shortened euglobulin clot lysis time and increased fibrin degradation products. Multiple microemboli were observed in the lung and, occasionally, in the kidney, an indication of consumption coagulopathy. The effects upon blood coagulation after the intravenous injection of pancreatic juice included decreased platelet counts, decreased plasma fibrinogen levels and prolonged partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times. The intravenous injection of pancreatic exudate produced greater changes than did those of an equal amount of pancreatic juice. There was a shortening of euglobulin clot lysis time and a marked increase in fibrin degradation products. Pancreatic exudate which accumulates during acute pancreatitis may contain a toxic substance or substances which contribute to the consumption of coagulation factors during acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7268609 TI - The mucosal response in the excluded limb after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. AB - Twelve patients underwent a takedown of the jejunoileal bypass with restoration of normal continuity of the intestine. Specimens were obtained for biopsy from the excluded proximal jejunum and distal ileum as well as the distal in continuity jejunum. Hypertrophy of the mucosa was observed in the in continuity segment, as previously described. Villi of the bypassed jejunum displayed no evidence of hypertrophy or of atrophy and were identical in size to villous measurements prior to creation of the jejunoileal bypass. At the ultrastructural level, absorptive cells of bypassed jejunal segments exhibited normal morphologic characteristics. There was no indication of cellular immaturity above the level of the intestinal crypts. In contrast, villi of bypassed ileum, near the colonic anastomosis, demonstrated hypertrophy, presumably reflecting reflux of luminal material into this segment of bypassed intestine. The results of this investigation support the concept that significant morphologic alterations of the mucosa do not occur in totally bypassed segments of intestine after the jejunoileal bypass procedures with attainment of weight stabilization. PMID- 7268610 TI - Prophylaxis of adhesions with low frequency sound. AB - Despite a multitude of ingenious ideas, a review of the literature has revealed no consistently acceptable results concerning adhesion prophylaxis. While pharmacologic avenues are far from exhausted, presently, there is no acceptable regimen. A double blind experimental study was performed with 130 Sprague-Dawley rats to determine the effect of high intensity low frequency sound on postoperative adhesion formation. Standard cecal crush was used to induce adhesions in rats which were then divided into four groups. The control rats exhibited 83 per cent adhesion formation while the rats in the other groups displayed an incidence inversely related to the duration of low frequency sound exposure. A reduction to 23 per cent adhesion formation was achieved in the group exposed to infrasound for 12 days. The controlled application of low frequency sound generates micromotion of the abdominal organs; moving surfaces do not lend themselves to spanning fiber formation. Studies disclaim significant side-effects of low frequency sound in man nor were any detected in the rats used in this study. PMID- 7268611 TI - Results of operations upon abdominal aortic aneurysms at a community hospital. AB - Review of a retrospective series of 140 consecutive abdominal aortic aneurysms in a community hospital has disclosed a low operative mortality and a low morbidity rate. Seventy patients were more than 70 years of age. Of 82 patients operated upon before rupture of the aneurysm, three died and 11 had complications. Of 38 patients operated upon after rupture of the aneurysm, 22 died and eight had complications. The age of 70 years or older and shock were identified as significant risk factors adversely affecting the outcome of operations done as an emergency upon patients with ruptured aneurysms. Renal failure occurred only in patients with ruptured aneurysms; when renal failure did occur, it was usually fatal. Myocardial infarction seldom occurred after elective operations because of aggressive, thorough cardiac evaluation, including selective coronary arteriography. Myocardial infarctions contributed to the deaths of six patients in whom the aneurysms ruptured prior to operation. PMID- 7268612 TI - The influence of age upon the survival of adult patients with carcinoma of the colon. AB - Five hundred adult patients with carcinoma of colon were studied to determine the relationship between age and prognosis. Regardless of the stage of disease or curative or palliative operation, younger patients had a better prognosis. Deaths after three years postresection were usually due to associated disease, which probably accounts for the poorer prognosis in the older patient. The poor prognosis frequently reported in young patients with carcinoma of the colon usually applies to those less than 25 years of age who may have a different form of the disease. PMID- 7268613 TI - Infectious complications of right atrial catheters used for venous access in patients receiving intensive chemotherapy. PMID- 7268614 TI - Surgical management of burn wound sepsis. AB - Twenty-two burned pediatric patients were diagnosed as having wound sepsis confirmed histologically and microbiologically. The availability of histologic and quantitative microbiologic data based upon biopsy data has permitted an early, accurate method of detecting burn wound sepsis. The histologic data have been of greatest value because of their prompt availability and accuracy. All patients underwent tangential debridement or surgical excision to fascia based upon the assessment of the wound by the surgeon. Two patients died at two and five days postoperatively of sepsis attributable to the burn wound. A third patient died at 56 days of sepsis originating at a site other than the burn wound. Thus, the over-all mortality, including the third patient, was 14 per cent. Children surviving the septic episodes showed a marked improvement in the clinical course shortly after undergoing therapeutic surgical excision. Since initiation of surgical intervention in burn wound sepsis, the over-all mortality has decreased from an average annual rate of 11.2 to 2.8 per cent. PMID- 7268615 TI - Hepatic resection upon patients with jaundice. AB - Fourteen jaundiced patients with carcinoma at the bifurcation of the hepatic ducts, primary carcinoma of the liver and congenital cystic dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts underwent hepatic resection without an operative mortality after the jaundice was relieved preoperatively. All patients did well, with jaundice and fever being absent postoperatively, although nine patients died of a recurrence of carcinoma in the follow-up period. It is now clear that the jaundiced patient become candidates for hepatic resection. PMID- 7268616 TI - Injury to the popliteal artery. AB - Popliteal artery injury is a common clinical problem which has been associated with a relatively high rate of limb loss. Proper management of popliteal artery injury, which includes attention to minimizing delay, repair of venous injury, careful technique and appropriate fasciotomy can result in substantial improvement in the rate of limb salvage following popliteal artery injury. PMID- 7268617 TI - Management of nonpenetrating stab and gunshot wounds of the chest. AB - Records of 102 patients with gunshot and stab wounds to the chest but with normal roentgenogram of the chest upon admission were reviewed. There were no delayed hemothoraces or pneumothoraces. The three complications probably resulted from admission to the hospital and would not have occurred if the patients had maintained their normal daily activities. The cost of these admissions was $104,319, and no benefit resulted from them. A significant number of routine studies were done with an extremely low yield. These patients need not be admitted to the hospital unless there is some other compelling clinical factor. PMID- 7268618 TI - Biliary tract disease. PMID- 7268619 TI - Technique for peritoneal lavage when a pelvic fracture and suspected hematoma are present. PMID- 7268620 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic extraction of common bile duct stones. AB - In the high risk patient presenting with jaundice, an 8 millimeter common bile duct stone was diagnosed and extracted by percutaneous transhepatic technique, thereby avoiding operation. The procedure was well tolerated, and the patient free of symptoms during a one year follow-up period. PMID- 7268621 TI - A clip for the rapid control of vascular injuries. PMID- 7268622 TI - The role of antibody in tumor immunity. AB - Antibody may sensitize tumor cells for destruction by nonimmune host effector elements that include complement, macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils or platelets. Small numbers of tumor cells may be very efficiently suppressed in vivo. Antibody immunotherapy can also be used successfully in combination with other modalities, such as chemotherapy, in the treatment of larger tumor burdens. Perhaps the greatest potential application of antibody in cancer therapy is its use as a tumor-specific delivery vehicle for cytotoxic substances. The opportunity to produce large quantities of monoclonal antibody, afforded by current hybridoma technology, will revolutionize the application of antibody to cancer medicine. PMID- 7268623 TI - Gastric bypass: analysis of weight loss and factors determining success. AB - Sixty-nine carefully selected patients underwent extensive behavioral modification training and a standard loop gastric bypass procedure. Patients were followed up at frequent intervals postoperatively to ensure their compliance with dietary requirements: (1) three small, solid meals a day, (2) slowly eaten meals with 5 minutes between bites, (3) no liquids with meals, and (4) cessation of eating immediately after hunger ceased. Analysis of weight loss data at a mean of 20 months postoperatively revealed that 90% of patients lost more than 50% of their excess weight, but that weight loss was inversely related to weight at operation (P less than 0.02) and to estimated pouch size (by upper gastrointestinal series) late postoperatively (P less than 0.01). Patients who failed to maintain regular follow-up visits postoperatively lost significantly less weight (P less than 0.01) than those who were seen regularly. Although fewer than half of the patients lost weight beyond the twelfth postoperative month, significant weight loss was seen in about one fourth of the patients as late as 2 years postoperatively when office follow-up was frequent and compliance with dietary measures complete. Abdominal pain and emesis occurred only when the patient failed to comply with the postoperative dietary regimen. Similarly, inadequate weight loss (premature plateau) was also associated with failure of patients to eat slowly and to stop eating when hunger ceased. PMID- 7268624 TI - Perineal anal transplant in low anorectal anomalies. AB - Data on 67 female infants who received perineal and transplants for for treatment of low anorectal anomalies over a period of 12 years are presented. The procedure is considered to be safe in neonates and infants. When performed in the first year of life, it does not require a preliminary colostomy and gives good functional and cosmetic results. In older children it should be preceded by a diversion colostomy. The immediate complications are few and are not life threatening; the late results are satisfactory. PMID- 7268625 TI - Indomethacin intravenously--a new way for effective relief of biliary pain: a double-blind study in man. AB - Prostaglandins have been demonstrated to contract the gallbladder and induce fluid secretion into its lumen in experimental animals. Indomethacin is an effective inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase and has recently been demonstrated to inhibit inflammatory fluid secretion into the gallbladder in experimental cholecystitis. A mechanism by which an increased prostaglandin synthesis will result in a raised intraluminal pressure in the gallbladder in patients with gallstone disease has been suggested. By inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins with indomethacin the intraluminal pressure is reduced and the biliary pain relieved. In a double-blind study with a placebo in 40 separate attacks of biliary pain in 37 patients with verified gallstone disease intravenous indomethacin was found to effectively relieve pain within 5 to 30 minutes. No serious side effects were seen, but nausea and vertigo of short duration were noticed in 10 of 21 cases of indomethacin treatment. The drug did not affect blood pressure, but a reduction of the pulse rate was usually seen. PMID- 7268626 TI - Hemorrhagic shock and hepatic cell membrane permeability. PMID- 7268627 TI - Interobserver variability in single-plane aortography. AB - Arteriography is regarded as the objective method for evaluation of arterial disease and is commonly used as the reference for the assessment of the accuracy of noninvasive diagnostic methods. Because no data are available supporting its reliability, a study regarding the interobserver variability of single-plane arteriography was done. Twenty-one translumbar aortograms were read by 11 surgeons and radiologists, and the results were analyzed with a statistical method which takes into account agreement by chance. It was found that interobserver agreement concerning the profunda bifurcation was only marginally more than that provided by chance. Occlusions were well recognized by the 11 observers, but the interobserver agreement on the degree of arterial stenosis was poor. PMID- 7268628 TI - Role of secretin on postprandial gastrin release in the dog: a further study. AB - To determine the physiologic role of secretin on gastric secretory function, the effects of secretin in a physiologic dose on gastrin release and gastric acid secretion were studied in four dogs with vagally innervated fundic pouches. Three sets of experiments were performed in each dog: (1) meal alone, (2) meal after intravenous cimetidine to suppress acid secretion and release of secretin, and (3) meal after intravenous cimetidine with simultaneous intravenous secretin, 0.03 clinical unit (CU)/kg-hr. A significant increase in plasma secretin concentration occurred after ingestion of a meal. The postprandial increase in the secretin level was abolished by intravenous cimetidine 200 mg, whereas intravenous cimetidine resulted in a marked increase in the postprandial plasma gastrin concentration which was significantly greater than that after a meal alone. A plasma secretin level comparable to that of the postprandial period could be achieved in the same fasting dogs by intravenous secretin, 0.03 U/kg-hr in 2% dog albumin solution. The postprandial plasma gastrin concentration and acid secretion following intravenous cimetidine were significantly decreased by simultaneous intravenous secretin at a dose of 0.03 U/kg-hr. The observations indicate that secretin plays a significant role in the regulation of release of gastrin and gastric secretion of acid in the postprandial state in dogs. PMID- 7268629 TI - Synergism between acid and gastric contractile activity in the genesis of ulceration and hemorrhage in the phenylbutazone-treated rat. AB - The nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs including phenylbutazone produce significant gastric ulceration and hemorrhage even when administered by an extragastric route. To investigate the mechanism involved, cervical sectioned rats received an intraileal injection of phenylbutazone as the sodium salt in methylcellulose. Gastric contractile activity as recorded with a miniature gastric balloon, and the stomach was perfused with either acid at pH 1 or buffer at pH 7. Rats receiving phenylbutazone developed a pattern of abnormally strong contractile activity that began 60 to 90 minutes after drug administration. The contracting stomachs of rats perfused with acid developed significantly more ulceration and bled more severely than buffer-perfused rats. Vagotomy or atropine prevented the gastric contractile response to phenylbutazone, and such rats failed to develop significant ulceration in spite of the fact that their stomachs were perfused with acid. Cervical sectioned rats treated with methylcellulose alone failed to develop the abnormal contractile pattern and showed no significant gastric injury or hemorrhage. It is concluded that the focal hemorrhagic lesions induced by the extragastric administration of phenylbutazone in the rat are the result of mucosal compression at specific sites secondary to the passage of extremely strong peristaltic waves. They are vagally mediated and although the presence of acid does not appear essential for their initiation, it plays a synergistic role in their development and hemorrhage.U PMID- 7268631 TI - Intraportal and intrahepatic splenic autotransplantation. PMID- 7268632 TI - A surgical technique for hip disarticulation. AB - Hip disarticulation is usually elected for malignant bony and soft tissue tumors below the lesser trochanter of the femur. The operation is performed with the patient in a posterolateral position; in the first phase of the procedure the surgeon stands anterior to the patient. After incision of the skin and division of the femoral vessels and nerve, muscles of the anterior thigh are transected off the pelvic bone from lateral to medial starting with the sartorius and finishing with the adductor magnus. Muscles are divided at their origin except for the iliopsoas and obturator externus which are divided at their insertion on the lesser trochanter of the femur. The quadratus femoris muscle is identified and preserved, then the flexor muscles are transected at their site of origin from the ischial tuberosity. During the next phase the surgeon is posterior to the patient, and the pelvis is rotated from the posterolateral to the anterolateral position. After completion of the skin incision, the gluteal fascia, tensor fascia lata, and the gluteus maximus muscles are divided and dissected free of their posterior attachments to expose the muscles inserting by way of a common tendon onto the greater trochanter. These muscles are then transected at their insertion on the bone. The posterior aspect of the joint capsule is then exposed and transected. Finally, the sciatic nerve is divided and allowed to retract beneath the piriformis muscle. To close the wound the preserved muscles are approximated over the joint capsule and the gluteal fascia secured to the inguinal ligament over suction drains. The skin is closed with interrupted sutures. PMID- 7268630 TI - Plasma amino acid patterns in experimental acute hepatic failure: comparison between hepatectomy and liver devascularization in pigs. AB - To clarify the physiopathologic mechanism leading to a marked increase in aromatic amino acids (AAA) in acute hepatic failure (AHF), we compared two experimental models of AHF. Ten pigs were submitted to one-stage hepatic devascularization (group A); in eight other pigs total hepatectomy was performed (group B). The animals were maintained under constant glucose infusion. The mean survival time in group A was 23 +/- 2 hours; after hepatectomy it was 30 +/- 4 hours. Hepatic coma progressively deepened from 8 +/- 3 hours in Group A animals and was delayed until 17 +/- 5 hours in the anhepatic pigs. AAA, methionine, and tryptophan immediately increased markedly in pigs with liver ischemia. In group B animals, AAA showed a slight increase only 18 hours after hepatectomy, whereas there were no significant differences in methionine and tryptophan. The different amino acid patterns in the two groups of animals demonstrate that hepatocyte necrosis is a major source of plasma amino acids after liver devascularization. The slight increase in AAA after total hepatectomy suggests that a release mechanism from muscular mass is involved in the later stages of the experiment. The onset of coma is related to the increase in AAA rather than to alterations in blood ammonia that did not differ in either group of animals. PMID- 7268633 TI - Extrapleural and extraperitoneal staged technique in successful management of complicated thoracic anastomotic aneurysm. AB - A simplified, staged technique was employed in the management of a descending thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm occurring in a thoracic aortobifemoral graft that had been placed 10 years earlier. Our initial procedure comprised ligature of the femoral limbs of the functional thoracic aortobifemoral graft together with a right axilloinfrarenal aortobifemoral bypass. This was followed by definitive descending thoracic pseudoaneurysm management 2 weeks later via a thoracoabdominal extrapleural-extraperitoneal approach. This staged approach provided by a preformed shunt, eliminated the disadvantages of heparinization, hemolysis, or trauma of cannulation during the definitive thoracic aneurysmectomy procedure. Ligature and defunctionization of the original thoracic aortofemoral graft simplified the operative dissection, and the extrapleural and extraperitoneal approach minimized postoperative complications. PMID- 7268634 TI - Vasculogenic impotence. PMID- 7268635 TI - Anatomy and embryology in cephalothoracopagus twins. AB - Anatomical features are described in a case of cephalothoracopagus female twins with laterally fused heads. There was a single foregut, shared equally by the two individuals. The tracheae, lungs, hearts, livers, and gallbladders were also shared by the two individuals. They were located in the anterior and posterior regions of the joined bodies. These peculiarities occur in other cases of cephalothoracopagus twinning reported in the literature, and may have been caused by spatial problems in the developing twin embryos. In particular, each heart is considered to be a composite organ, formed by tissue from both individuals. The occipital region of the skull was double, but the remainder of the cranium was single. The oral cavity was divided in two by a midline mandibular body thought to represent the fused medial portions of two mandibles. Each compartment so formed contained a tongue. This midline body is considered responsible for a cleft lip and palate. Finally, we propose that anencephaly in this and other cases of laterally fused heads is associated with mechanical difficulty in closing the rostral neuropore. PMID- 7268636 TI - Effect of retinoic acid upon the chick embryonic morphogenetic systems. I. The embryotoxicity dose range. AB - The effects of all-trans-beta-retinoic acid upon the developing chick embryo were investigated using the Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test (CHEST). A dose of 0.3 microgram, injected subgerminally in stages HH 10--11, arrested the neural tube development, disturbed extraembryonic vasculogenesis, and induced formation of haemorrhagic blisters in the caudal region. Single administration of retinoic acid on days 2, 3, and 4 revealed a stage-specific effect. Being high, due to the abundant mortality of embryos injected on day 2, the effect drops conspicuously on day 3, and rises once again on day 4 when a remarkable proportion of the surviving fetuses suffer from serious morphological damage comprising cardiovascular lesions, maldevelopment of the central face, and dysmelia. The target tissues are similar to those of vitamin A in developing mammals. The increased sensitivity of chick embryo morphogenetic systems between days 3 and 4 supports the hypothesis that the deleterious action of retinoic acid is due to the development of specific binding sites in the target cell populations. PMID- 7268637 TI - Comparative ultrastructural alterations in rabbit limb-buds after a teratogenic dose of either hydroxyurea or methotrexate. AB - Early changes in rabbit limb-bud fine structure subsequent to maternal administration of either hydroxyurea (750 mg HU/kg) or methotrexate (19.2 mg MTX/kg) on gestational day 12 have been analyzed in order to identify the morphologic sites of teratogenic action. Forelimb-buds were examined at 15 minutes to 32 hours posttreatment for ultrastructural alterations. HU caused early dispersion of ribosomes, condensation of nuclei, segregation of the granular portion of the nucleoli, and eventual fragmentation of mesenchymal cells. As a consequence of the extensive mesenchymal cellular death, the intercellular space among the remaining viable cells was increased. Cellular debris from fragmented cells was seen phagocytized within cells and in the intercellular space. In contrast, MTX caused an increase in cytoplasmic lipid, angular contours of nuclei, but relatively little cellular death. The most prominent change was a disruption of the normal mesenchymal architecture characterized by greatly increased intercellular space and a consequent reduction in the number of intercellular junctions. Nearly normal cytoarchitecture was restored by 32 hours. It was concluded that the primary morphologic sites of action are indeed different. Nevertheless, MTX and HU shared a common denominator since both caused disruption of intercellular contacts and possible breakdown of intercellular communication: HU through cytolethality, and MTX via disruption of intercellular junctions. This latter phenomenon may help to explain the similarities in limb defects caused by these two drugs. PMID- 7268638 TI - Effects of beer, wine, whiskey, and ethanol on pregnant rats and their offspring. AB - Pregnant rats were intubated twice daily throughout gestation with the equivalent of 3 gm/kg of alcohol in the form of either beer, wine, whiskey, or 95% ethanol. Control animals received vehicle. All animals were pair-fed to those receiving ethanol. Offspring were removed from their biological mothers immediately following birth and were nursed by nondrug-treated mothers. Animals in each of the four alcohol-treated groups weighed significantly less than the animals in the control group at birth and at 22 days of age and also performed significantly worse on a Rotarod at 17 days; differences among the four alcohol-treated groups were not significant for any of these measures. Results suggest that congeners present in these alcohol beverages do not potentiate the effects of alcohol on embryonic/fetal development in rats administered this alcohol dose. PMID- 7268639 TI - The teratogenicity of cytochalasin D and its inhibition by drug metabolism. AB - Pregnant rats received intraperitoneal injections of cytochalasin D (CD) on gestational days 7-11. Doses of 400 micrograms/kg were only minimally and nonsignificantly teratogenic, leading to 2 exencephalic fetuses among the 111 fetuses delivered. By contrast, embryos exposed to CD in vitro on day 10 showed significant frequencies of neural tube abnormalities when exposed to CD concentrations at or above 3.1 ng/ml. These embryos also exhibited significantly decreased protein, somite counts, and crown-rump lengths. In order to understand this apparent discrepancy between the teratogenicity of CD in vivo and in vitro we performed experiments to determine whether drug metabolism could inhibit the teratogenicity in vitro. Male rats were pretreated with a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls as cytochrome P-450 inducers, and their livers were used to prepare a microsome-rich fraction (S-9). This S-9 fraction, plus a source of reducing equivalents (NADPH), significantly inhibited the teratogenicity of CD. The teratogenicity was restored by the omission of NADPH, and was partially restored with the addition of carbon monoxide. These results led us to conclude that the teratogenic effect of CD can be inhibited by drug metabolism in vitro; additionally, it is likely that some or all of this drug metabolism may depend on cytochrome P-450. We further speculate that CD may be inactivated in vivo by these same systems, explaining the discrepancy between the teratogenicity of CD in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7268640 TI - Effect of ethinyl estradiol on development of mouse fetuses. AB - Pregnant ICR/JCL mice were given orally 0.02, 0.3, or 2.0 mg/kg body weight/day of ethinyl estradiol in olive oil or vehicle alone on day 11 through day 17 of pregnancy. Pregnant mice of another group received a single oral dose of ethinyl estradiol on day 8 or day 11 of pregnancy. A lethal effect on fetuses of both groups with single and continuous exposure to ethinyl estradiol was observed in a dose-response relationship. Growth suppression of fetuses was only found at term in a dose-response relationship following continuous exposure to ethinyl estradiol. Hypertrophic nipples were seen in 42% of surviving female fetuses prenatally exposed to 2.0 mg/kg of ethinyl estradiol singly on day 11 of gestation. There was not an increase in other congenital malformations in any of the treated groups. These findings indicate that administered ethinyl estradiol can affect the developing mouse embryo but the embryotoxic doses in the mouse are substantially greater than the usual therapeutic or contraceptive doses in the human. PMID- 7268641 TI - The Teratology Society: twenty-first annual meeting, June 21-25, 1981, Stanford University. Abstracts. PMID- 7268642 TI - Introduction of late gestational teratogenesis in rat lung by hypervitaminosis A. AB - Long-Evans black-hooded rats treated via stomach tube with 160,000 USP units of retinyl acetate (vitamin A) in 0.5 ml Mazola corn oil on gestational days 15--19 deliver normal-sized litters with significantly decreased viability. Vitamin A is known to effect the differentiation and to stimulate the growth of epithelial cells. Additionally, lung epithelia undergo marked morphologic and physiologic changes late in gestation. Thus the effects of hypervitaminosis A on developing lung constitute an excellent system for the study of teratogenesis late in gestation. Non-hilar, right lower-lobe sections of lungs from the vehicle control and experimental groups, compared via quantitative light microscopy, revealed no significant difference in gross overall histologic appearance on any given day, either in the total number of airways present in the volume of lung sectioned or in the percent area of any individual airway occupied by cells or by lumen. The only significant difference was in the number of cells per square micrometer in that region of an airway occupied by cells. Additionally, there was a significant difference between the control and experimental mitotic indices on gestational days 18 and 19. Thus in the experimental group the number of cells lining the developing airways increases, while the absolute thickness of this cellular layer remains constant. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) fails to reveal any morphologic differences between control and treated type II pneumatocytes. The increased number of respiratory cells in what otherwise appears to be normal lung may create a diffusion-perfusion imbalance or other difficulties contributing to the heightened neonatal mortality resulting from teratogen exposure late in gestation. PMID- 7268643 TI - Teratogenic effect of lambda-carrageenan on the chick embryo. AB - Carrageenans are widely used as food additives. Thus, it seemed of interest to test their possible teratogenic action. For this purpose, 530 chick eggs were injected in the yolk sac with 0.1 ml of a solution of 0.1% lambda-carrageenan in 0.9% sodium chloride. As controls, 286 eggs were injected with 0.1 ml of 9.0% sodium chloride. In addition, 284 eggs received no treatment. After incubation for 48--50 hours at 39 degrees C, embryos were fixed, cleared, and observed with a stereoscopic microscope. The frequency of abnormal embryos in the group receiving lambda-carrageenan was higher than in the controls (p less than 0.04). Partial duplication of the body, abnormal flexures of the trunk, anencephaly, a severely malformed brain, thickening of the neural tube wall, an irregular neural tube lumen with segmentary occlusion and a reduction in crown-rump length and number of somites were distinctly seen in the lambda-carrageenan-injected group. Moreover, the average number of anomalies per embryo in the lambda-carrageenan injected group was nearly twice that in the controls. Present data indicate that lambda-carrageenan has teratogenic effects on early stages of the development of the chick embryo. PMID- 7268644 TI - The effect of diazepam on meiosis in the CF-1 mouse. PMID- 7268645 TI - Results in operated idiopathic scoliosis patients previously treated in the Milwaukee brace. PMID- 7268646 TI - Hemolytic uremic syndrome presenting as hepatitis. PMID- 7268647 TI - Transfusion requirements of the leukemic patient. PMID- 7268648 TI - Withholding resuscitation: the physician's responsibility. PMID- 7268650 TI - [Various therapeutic methods in the treatment of drug-dependent patients]. PMID- 7268649 TI - [Competitive sports for children?]. PMID- 7268651 TI - [Cognitive psychotherapy]. PMID- 7268652 TI - [Treatment of allergic diseases of the upper airways with Fenistil retard]. PMID- 7268653 TI - [Longevity after operated stomach tumors]. PMID- 7268654 TI - [Barbarism in Maghreb]. PMID- 7268655 TI - [Spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 7268656 TI - [Scheuermann's disease]. PMID- 7268657 TI - [Cervicocephalic and cervicobrachialgic syndromes]. PMID- 7268658 TI - [Thoracic and lumbar intervertebral disc syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268659 TI - [Degenerative diseases of the vertebral spine: drug treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268661 TI - [Social aspects of back pain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268660 TI - [Surgical treatment of cervicocephalic and cervicobrachialgic syndromes]. PMID- 7268662 TI - Physician among surgeons: thoughts on preoperative assessment. PMID- 7268663 TI - Spontaneous dissection of the oesophagus. AB - Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus is a well-known entity. Partial or intramural rupture of the oesophagus has been described but is not so well known, and the purpose of this paper is to draw attention to this condition. The clinical presentation, radiological appearances, and treatment of two such cases are described. PMID- 7268664 TI - Management of massive haemoptysis with the rigid bronchoscope and cold saline lavage. AB - Twelve successive patients with massive haemoptysis were treated by emergency rigid bronchoscopy and lavage of the bleeding lung with cold saline. All patients stopped bleeding during the procedure and all blood and clot was evacuated from the accessible airways. The bleeding source was localised to a lobe in seven cases, and lateralised in the remaining five patients. Five patients had a second haemorrhage during that hospital stay and cold saline lavage again terminated it. Further therapy, either surgical or medical was based on information obtained during the respite from haemorrhage achieved with this technique. There was no hospital mortality in the series. PMID- 7268665 TI - Recurrent major haemoptysis: progression to pneumonectomy. AB - A 50-year-old white man with recurrent major haemoptysis is described. The main problem in management was in detecting the aetiology and source of the haemoptysis. Rigid bronchoscopy is essential in the evaluation and treatment of patients with massive haemoptysis, and once the site of bleeding has been established, pulmonary resection offers the best chance of survival. The operation performed is usually lobectomy, although pneumonectomy, as with our patient, may be necessary. PMID- 7268666 TI - Echocardiographic method for the estimation of pulmonary artery pressure in chronic lung disease. AB - The prognostic implications of pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease, and the difficulty in establishing its severity without cardiac catheterisation, indicate the need for a reliable non-invasive method of assessing the pulmonary artery pressure. It is likely that the time taken by the right ventricle to generate a sufficiently high pressure to open the pulmonary valve will increase progressively as the pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure rises. Therefore, the time interval between closure of the tricuspid valve and opening of the pulmonary valve has been obtained by high-speed echocardiographic recordings of the tricuspid and pulmonary valves in a group of 17 patients with chronic lung disease. Each patient underwent right heart catheterisation immediately after the echocardiographic examination so that the pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure could be obtained directly. A range for the group from 15 mmHg (2.0 kPa) to 45 mmHg (6.0 kPa) was observed. The linear correlation between the measured diastolic pressure and time interval from the tricuspid valve closure to pulmonary valve opening was highly significant (r = 0.94, p = less than 0.001) and the scatter was relatively small. It is therefore suggested that this time interval, obtained non-invasively by echocardiography, can be used as an index of the severity of pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic lung disease. PMID- 7268667 TI - Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels correlated with postoperative pathological staging in bronchial carcinoma. AB - Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were obtained before operation in 214 patients undergoing diagnostic tests for suspected bronchial carcinoma, and the results correlated with the postoperative, pathological stage of disease. Positive CEA levels (greater than 10 ng/ml) were observed in 40% (8/20) of stage 1, 58.5% (31/53) of stage 2, 85.2% (69/81) of stage 3, and 92.3% (24/26) of stage 4 patients with bronchial carcinoma. Furthermore, the mean CEA levels increased with stage of disease, and the differences between mean levels were found to be significant in stages 1 and 2 versus 3 and 4 (p less than 0.001). This suggests a positive correlation between the preoperative CEA level and tumour burden defined by pathological staging. When the results were compared with the histological type of lung carcinoma, CEA elevations occurred most frequently with adenocarcinoma, followed by undifferentiated and squamous cell carcinoma, reflecting perhaps the origin of this oncofetal antigen from the endodermally derived bronchial mucosa. These data indicate that preoperative serum CEA levels quantitatively reflect the extent of tumour assessed pathologically at operation and confirm the potential usefulness of this antigen as a biological tumour marker in the management of bronchial neoplasms. PMID- 7268668 TI - Inhaling habits among smokers of different types of cigarette. AB - Inhaling habits were studied in 1316 men who freely smoked their usual brands of cigarette. An index of inhaling was calculated for each person by dividing the estimated increase in carboxyhaemoglobin level from a standard number of cigarettes by the carbon monoxide yield of the cigarette smoked. Smokers of ventilated filter cigarettes inhaled 82% more than smokers of plain cigarettes (p less than 0.001) and those who smoked unventilated filter cigarettes inhaled 36% more (p less than 0.001). Cigarette consumption was similar among smokers of each type of cigarette. Assuming that the intake of tar and nicotine is proportional to the inhaling index, the intake in either group of filter cigarette smokers would have been less than that in plain cigarette smokers. Among smokers of unventilated cigarettes, however, the intake would not have been much less. PMID- 7268669 TI - Sequential brush biopsy and conventional biopsy: direct comparison of diagnostic sensitivity in lung malignancy. AB - One hundred and sixteen patients with suspected lung malignancy who were referred for bronchoscopy were examined using both the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope and the rigid bronchoscope. Both instruments were used sequentially under the same general anaesthetic. Brush biopsies were obtained through the fibreoptic bronchoscope and conventional biopsies, for histological examination, through the rigid bronchoscope. Both specimens were taken from the same area. Eighty-two per cent of those in whom there was a final clinical diagnosis of malignancy were found to have abnormal cytology via the fibreoptic bronchoscope, while abnormal histology was found in 50% by means of the rigid bronchoscope. For those in whom malignancy was confirmed, 16.9% showed disagreement between the two methods in cell typing. Brush biopsy through the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope under general anaesthesia is confirmed as a sensitive method for diagnosing lung malignancy. PMID- 7268670 TI - Lung folding simulating peripheral pulmonary neoplasm (Blesovsky's syndrome). AB - Six cases are reported in whom the diagnosis of benign pleural thickening with lung folding simulating peripheral pulmonary neoplasm was made. Three patients presented with chest pain, two were asymptomatic, and the abnormality was a chance finding in one patient with asthma. The radiographs in all cases showed similar appearances--a peripheral opacity appearing to lie within the lung, usually the lower lobe, and characteristic curvilinear shadows extending from the opacity to the hilum. At thoracotomy, predominantly visceral pleural thickening had caused the underlying lung to fold. Hyaline plaques were present on the parietal pleura elsewhere and pleural adhesions were usually absent. Adequate removal of the thickened visceral pleura in five patients allowed the folded lung to re-expand, with reversion of the chest radiograph to normal. One patient in whom the underlying lung folding was not appreciated at operation still has chest pain and the chest radiograph is unchanged. The radiographic appearances of this non-malignant condition, especially the appearances on lateral tomography, are diagnostic, and recognition may obviate the need for operation in asymptomatic patients. For those patients with chest pain, thoracotomy with removal of the visceral pleura and release of the folded lung appears to be effective in relieving this symptom. PMID- 7268672 TI - Observations on the rare association between portal and pulmonary hypertension. AB - Pulmonary arterial hypertension with severe pulmonary vascular disease is a rare association of portal hypertension in man, be it the result of cirrhosis of the liver or obstruction of the portal vein. We induced portal hypertension in 23 rats by partially ligating the portal vein or by totally occluding it in two stages. The rats were killed between one and 15 months after operation. A collateral circulation of varicose, anastomotic vessels was established, and in six animals well-marked oesophageal varices developed. Despite this evidence of sustained portal hypertension, hypertrophy did not develop in the right ventricle or in the media of the pulmonary trunk or muscular pulmonary arteries in any of the animals. This suggests that mechanical obstruction of the portal vein per se is not responsible for the development of pulmonary hypertension. Other factors, perhaps of a humoral nature, appear to be required to induce this rare association of portal hypertension but we have been unable to identify these. In particular, blood levels of oestrogen were not raised after ligation of the portal vein. PMID- 7268673 TI - Experience with the surgical treatment of coarctation of the aorta in India. AB - Between 1961 and 1977, 51 patients underwent operations for coarctation of the aorta. The average age of presentation of these cases was higher than in other series. Only three were asymptomatic, a finding which is not seen in reports from the West. Operative procedures included resection and graft interposition, resection and end-to-end anastomosis, and bypass grafting. However, the technique of patch angioplasty, routinely performed in the last three years of this review, seemed by far the most satisfactory procedure. The overall operative mortality was 9.8%. Hypertension did not regress in some cases in spite of a successful operation. Recoarctation was not seen in this series. Associated defects influenced results adversely. The overall results of operation for coarctation of the aorta have been very satisfactory and comparable with those in other recorded series. PMID- 7268671 TI - Short-term adverse effects of antibiotic prophylaxis for open-heart surgery. AB - A study was made of the incidence of postoperative endocarditis and of septicaemia in early convalescence in 814 consecutive patients undergoing open heart surgery. The results were related to the prophylactic antibiotic given to "cover" the operation. A subgroup of 150 patients was studied more intensively and the bacterial flora of the tracheal aspirates and catheter tips from these patients have been related to the antibiotics used. The results demonstrate that the use of a narrow spectrum agent (flucloxacillin) is associated with a modest change in bacterial flora at the two sites sampled, but that much more pronounced shifts in flora are found with a more broad spectrum agent (cephradine). The changes in flora have been related to the incidence of septicaemia in early convalescence, which was higher (7.7%) in the cephradine group than in the flucloxacillin group (0.9%). Since the overall incidence of prosthetic infection using flucloxacillin was acceptably low (0.49% of perfusions; 0.56% of valve insertions), it is concluded that narrow spectrum prophylaxis offers the better overall choice, at least until more objective comparisons are made. PMID- 7268674 TI - Radiotherapy for massive haemoptysis from an aspergilloma. PMID- 7268675 TI - Lymphangioma of the middle mediastinum as an incidental finding on a chest radiograph. PMID- 7268676 TI - Pulmonary eosinophilia caused by penicillamine. PMID- 7268677 TI - Cardiac tamponade in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7268678 TI - Ultrastructural localisation of lactoferrin and glycoprotein in human bronchial glands. AB - The distribution of lactoferrin and glycoprotein in human bronchial glands has been studied by electron microscopy using an immunoperoxidase method to stain the former and a periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine sequence for the latter, each applied to ultrathin Epon sections. The distribution of lactoferrin corresponds to that of lysozyme. Lactoferrin and lysozyme are both confined to serous acini where the granules show a variable pattern of staining. Some serous granules are filled uniformly with lactoferrin, some lack lactoferrin in a small central core or a thin peripheral rim, and some are completely devoid of lactoferrin. Glycoprotein is present in all mucous granules but only certain serous granules. The latter may be filled uniformly with glycoprotein or glycoprotein may form a thin peripheral coat about centrally located lactoferrin and lysozyme. An electron-dense central core found in some serous granules contains neither glycoprotein, lactoferrin, nor lysozyme. PMID- 7268679 TI - Tidal expiratory flow patterns in airflow obstruction. AB - Tidal expiratory flow pattern was analysed in 99 subjects with a view to assessing it as a quantitative measurement of airflow obstruction. Fifteen normal volunteers, nine patients with dyspnoea referred for investigation in whom airway resistance was within normal limits, 24 patients with restrictive lung disorders, and 51 patients with airway obstruction were studied. The expiratory flow pattern against time had a quadrilateral configuration in airway obstruction, which differed from the more sinusoidal form that is seen in subjects without airflow obstruction. The rapid rise to tidal peak flow was analysed in two ways, percentage of volume expired at tidal peak flow (delta V/V) and percentage of expiratory time to tidal peak flow (delta t/t). Both these indices correlated significantly with conventional measurements of airway obstruction. The pattern of expiratory flow in airflow obstruction during quiet breathing resembles that of a forced expiratory maneuver at similar lung volumes. In some cases this may be caused by dynamic compression occurring during tidal breathing. In others, the pattern may result from the static recoil of the lung being permitted to drive flow freely in expiration, rather than being braked by postinspiratory contraction of inspiratory musculature. PMID- 7268680 TI - Assessment of factors influencing the result of sputum cytology in bronchial carcinoma. AB - In a retrospective study of 377 patients with bronchial carcinoma, sputum had been reported positive or suspicious for malignant cells in 59.7%. The most important factors contributing to a positive result were the histological cell type and the site of the tumour as assessed at bronchoscopy. Significantly more positive results were obtained in epidermoid tumours and those with a visible bronchoscopic abnormality. A higher proportion of positive results also occurred in large tumours, lower lobe tumours, and those associated with collapse and consolidation. The physical condition of the patient and the presence of infection in the sputum were not important factors contributing to a negative result. Although adequate numbers of sputum samples were collected the predominant problem was the large number of unsatisfactory sputum specimens. The preparation of the sputum specimens in the laboratory is important and is also a potential source of error. PMID- 7268681 TI - Mucous gland adenoma of the bronchus. PMID- 7268682 TI - Chronic pericardial effusion after mediastinal radiotherapy. PMID- 7268683 TI - Mitral valve replacement using cold cardioplegia in a patient with sickle cell trait. PMID- 7268684 TI - Acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa and carcinoma of the bronchus. PMID- 7268685 TI - Pneumomediastinum as a complication of athletic competition. PMID- 7268686 TI - Congenital bilateral absence of diaphragm. PMID- 7268687 TI - Auscultation of the lung: past lessons, future possibilities. AB - Review of the history of auscultation of the lung reveals few scientific investigations. The majority of these have led to inconclusive results. The mechanism of production of normal breath sounds remains uncertain. Hypotheses for the generation of adventitious sounds are unproven. Advances in instrumentation for lung sound recording and analysis have provided little of clinical value. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in lung sounds. Space-age technology has improved methodology for sonic analysis significantly. Lung sounds are complex signals that probably reflect regional lung pathophysiology. If they were understood more clearly important non-invasive diagnostic tools could be devised and the value of clinical auscultation could be improved. A multidisciplinary effort will be required to achieve this. PMID- 7268688 TI - Effect of sulphinpyrazone and aspirin on platelet adhesion to subendothelium following oral administration to rabbits. PMID- 7268689 TI - 5-hydroxytryptamine and adenine uptake by human blood platelets following the release reaction. PMID- 7268691 TI - Immunologic survey of the factor IX molecule in hemophilia B+ patients, carriers and cord blood. PMID- 7268690 TI - The uptake of heparin by liver sinusoidal cells in normal and atherosclerotic rabbits. PMID- 7268692 TI - Studies of anti-Xa activity in human plasma I: Comparison of a fast-acting inhibitor with antithrombin III. PMID- 7268693 TI - Responses of rabbit platelets to adrenaline induced by other agonists. PMID- 7268694 TI - The changes in the number of single platelets in human and rabbit platelet aggregations measured by electric particle counting method. PMID- 7268697 TI - Abnormal plasminogen, a case of recurrent thrombosis. PMID- 7268696 TI - Heparin aerosol - effect on blood coagulation and pulmonary function. PMID- 7268695 TI - Platelet FcIgG receptor: increased expression in female platelets. PMID- 7268698 TI - Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) radioimmunoassay influence of the affinity of the second antibody for FPA antiserum. PMID- 7268699 TI - Comparison of sulfinpyrazone and BL-3459 with S - 20344, a potent new antithrombotic agent. PMID- 7268700 TI - Fibrin-fragment D complex formation. PMID- 7268701 TI - Clinical use of a method for the determination of factor VII by a chromogenic substrate. PMID- 7268703 TI - A new method for estimation of adhesiveness of blood platelets. PMID- 7268702 TI - The lack of influence of normobaric oxygen on the generalized shwartzman reaction in the rabbit. PMID- 7268704 TI - Platelet life-span in diabetics with and without retinopathy. PMID- 7268705 TI - Shortened megakaryocyte-platelet regeneration time in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 7268706 TI - Permeability of human and rat red blood cells to citrate. PMID- 7268707 TI - Platelet adhesiveness in temporary residents of high altitude. PMID- 7268708 TI - [Diabetic treatment - a medical and pedagogical challenge]. PMID- 7268709 TI - [An analysis of 200 patients successively admitted to an ordinary medical department in the metropolitan area]. PMID- 7268710 TI - [A statistical picture of the patient admissions to a medical department in the metropolitan area]. PMID- 7268711 TI - [Should diabetics measure their own blood sugar? A trial with a new simple method without apparatus]. PMID- 7268712 TI - [Diabetic control. Self control of urinary and blood glucose and measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1)]. PMID- 7268713 TI - [Clinically important drug interactions]. PMID- 7268714 TI - [Infections with atypical mycobacteria. Diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7268715 TI - ["Septic" mononucleosis]. PMID- 7268716 TI - [Retrorenal cyst]. PMID- 7268717 TI - [Ulcerative herpes esophagitis]. PMID- 7268718 TI - [Foreign bodies in the brain. 20-year autopsy material]. PMID- 7268719 TI - [Somatomedins. Growth-regulating peptides]. PMID- 7268720 TI - [The treatment organization: therapeutic or antitherapeutic community? Some organizational aspects on environmental therapy of ego-weak patients]. PMID- 7268721 TI - [What kind of ward atmosphere is therapeutic for psychotic and non-psychotic patients? Necessity of differentiated treatment milieus]. PMID- 7268722 TI - [Milieu therapy of young drug abusers in Norway. What knowledge and experience do we have now?]. PMID- 7268723 TI - [Milieu therapy in combination with psychotherapy in psychoses]. PMID- 7268724 TI - [Acute psychiatry and milieu therapy - can they be connected?]. PMID- 7268726 TI - [Cervical pregnancy]. PMID- 7268725 TI - Some issues in the theory of hospital treatment. PMID- 7268727 TI - [Injury to the femoral nerve during gynecologic operation]. PMID- 7268728 TI - [Injury of the femoral nerve as a complication of hysterectomy]. PMID- 7268729 TI - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of testicular tumours]. PMID- 7268730 TI - [Foxglove poisoning]. PMID- 7268731 TI - [Postmastectomy lymphangiosarcoma. Clinical features, diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7268732 TI - [Muscle lift for epicondylitis lateralis humeri]. PMID- 7268733 TI - [Organizing and use of deputizing services]. PMID- 7268734 TI - [Timolol treatment routine after myocardial infarction?]. PMID- 7268735 TI - [Arthroscopy of the knee joint. A comparative study of the clinical, arthrographic and arthroscopic findings in problem knees]. PMID- 7268736 TI - [May coronary patients take a sauna bath?]. PMID- 7268737 TI - [Hygienic conditions of municipal sludge]. PMID- 7268738 TI - [The effects of air pollutants on health]. PMID- 7268739 TI - [Bacteremia at Ullval Hospital 1977-1979. Types of bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity]. PMID- 7268740 TI - [An epidemic of syphilis among young people]. PMID- 7268741 TI - [Gonorrhea in children]. PMID- 7268742 TI - [Endoscopically guided percutaneous gastrostomy]. PMID- 7268743 TI - Inhibitory action of intravenously administered ammonium acetate on the motility of the rumen in sheep. AB - The effect of 60 minutes' intravenous infusions, before morning feeding, of ammonium acetate (18.6 micromole/min/kg of body weight) and ammonium acetate with propranolol (11 microgram/min/kg of body weight) on the ruminal motility of sheep was examined. Ammonia has a adrenaline-like action therefore propranolol, a beta receptor blocking agent, was administered in order to eliminate the possible effect of adrenaline on ruminal motility. The contractions of the dorsal sack of the rumen were registered by means of the balloon method, with the gauge inserted through the rumen fistula. The infusion of ammonium acetate caused an increase of the ammonia concentration in the blood to 0.6 mmol/1 at the end of 60 minutes' infusion. Already during the first 5 minutes of the intravenous infusion of ammonium acetate there was a decreased frequency of ruminal contractions, which was observed throughout the infusion. After the infusion there was a radical decrease of the concentration of ammonia in the blood, and at the same time an increase in the frequency of rumen contraction was observed. Blocking of the beta adrenergic receptors by propranolol did not eliminate the inhibiting action of ammonium ion on rumen motility. The infusion of the ammonium acetate caused an increase of adrenaline and glucose concentration. This response was eliminated by propranolol in the case of adrenaline but not glucose. It is assumed that the action of ammonium ion on the rumen motility is derived primarily by the central nervous system. PMID- 7268744 TI - Contribution to the aetiology of synovitis in chickens, with special reference to non-infective factors. V. Extractability of glucosaminoglycans/mucoproteins from tendon tissue. AB - A comparative study was undertaken regarding the extractability of glucosaminoglycans and mucoproteins in the tendon tissue of birds highly susceptible to synovitis, viz.broiler breed cocks (BB cocks), and of birds highly resistant to synovitis. viz. White Leghorn hens (WL hens). It was shown that in ;the case of WL hens this extractability decreased in accordance with ageing. In the case of BB cocks such a decrease was not observed. This observation is in support of a working hypothesis which supposes a relatively high degree of interaction between the several components of tendon components of tendon tissue (e.g. collagen and glucosaminoglycans/mucoproteins) in the case of WL hens, and a relatively low degree of this interaction in the case of BB cocks. Moreover the results of this study account for the observation that the tendon tissue of WL hens is more resistant to tensile stress than that of BB cocks, and they indicate that the above interaction is a determinant in the aetiology of synovitis. PMID- 7268746 TI - The effect of different bird washers on the microbiological quality of broiler carcasses. AB - The effect of spray washers and inside-and-outside bird washers on the microbiological quality of broiler carcasses was examined in 13 poultry slaughterhouses. The carcasses were sampled by means of the carcass rinse method; total and Enterobacteriaceae counts were estimated. The decrease in total and Enterobacteriaceae counts due to spray washing was as high as with the use of an inside-and-outside bird washer. From this investigation the conclusion can be drawn that the use of an inside-and-outside bird washer does not guarantee a better microbiological cleaning of the inside of the carcasses made 'mandatory' by EEC regulations. PMID- 7268745 TI - Imidocarb: a chemoprophylactic experiment with Babesia canis. AB - Eight dogs, given imidocarb dipropionate subcutaneously at a dose of 6 mg/kg, were challenged with a sporozoite stabilate of a French strain of Babesia canis, prepared from infected Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, 2, 3, 4 or 5 weeks after treatment. Three control dogs were similarly infected but not preventively treated. One of the controls and one of the dogs treated 5 weeks prior to challenge died of babesiosis. Prepatent and incubation periods were similar in treated and control dogs, and all dogs showed important reductions in the packed cell volume. Relapses were commonly seen after recovery from the initial reaction. Although further work is needed before a final conclusion can be drawn to whether imidocarb is suitable as a chemoprophylactic against B. canis infection, it can be used as a curative drug. PMID- 7268748 TI - Detection of Babesia bovis infections in Boophilus geigyi with egg crushings, larval smears, and haemolymph puncture. AB - Investigations regarding the detection of Babesia bovis infections in Boophilus geigyi revealed that: (a) By the egg crushing method, Babesia bovis infection in ticks is detected from the 5th day onward and up to the 22nd or 24th day before disappearing. (b) By means of haemolymph puncture, infection could only be noticed from the 5th or 6th day up to the 14th day. (c) Babesia bovis infection can be easily detected from days 1-4 in the larvae of 'infected' ticks. 'Uninfected' ticks which show negative egg infection have been found to produce infected larvae up to day 2, even though the percentage is comparatively low. PMID- 7268747 TI - Congenital duodenal stenotic diaphragm in the foal. AB - A two-month-old female foal with duodenal stenosis is described. The foal was in poor condition and showed an abnormal stable behaviour. She stood preferably with her head stretched out and reposing on the mare's back or on the stable ridge. Salivation was an important symptom. Clinical and radiological examination of the oral cavity, the pharynx, and the oesophagus showed no abnormalities, except for the antiperistaltic wave along the oesophagus. Because of her bad condition the filly was euthanized. At post mortem examination, apart from leukoplakia, an erosive ulcerative inflammation was found in the oesophagus and the oesophageal part of the stomach. The stomach was severely dilated, as was the proximal part of the duodenum. A diaphragm in the duodenum with a small perforation was found nine cm distally from the pyloric canal. PMID- 7268749 TI - [Streptococcus zooepidemicus infection in laying hens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268750 TI - [Comparative study of the metabolism of parasitic helminths and their hosts. Integrated final report on Special Branch Veterinary Biochemistry Project 82]. PMID- 7268751 TI - [Malabsorption]. PMID- 7268752 TI - [Essential fatty acid deficiency in childhood]. AB - Essential fatty acid deficiency can develop in man as the consequence of an inadequate diet or fatty acid malabsorption. Daily requirements in childhood vary from 1 to 4 caloric percent. Many abnormalities are described following essential fatty acid deficiency, such as cessation of growth, dermatitis, loss of hair, increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, histological abnormalities and disturbances of biochemical and physiological processes. These disorders can be explained as the result of a disturbed membrane structure and function, due to an abnormal serum fatty acid composition. This is also important in diagnosis of essential fatty acid deficiency. Supplementation of essential fatty acids can be realised by oral and parenteral route or by cutaneous application. A patient is described with an essential fatty acid deficiency. Cutaneous application of a linoleic acid rich mixture resulted in an enhanced growth velocity. PMID- 7268753 TI - [Diagnosis of carbohydrate malabsorption]. AB - After a review of causes and symptoms of sugar malabsorption and the usual diagnostic methods, the application is described of a recently developed procedure with high specificity and sensitivity: the hydrogen breath test. Examination of a large number of children shows that its sensitivity is higher than that of the procedures used so far, that lactose malabsorption is present in over 30% of the children with recurrent abdominal pain and/or diarrhoea; that in contrast to the prevailing opinion, malabsorption of sucrose in children is rare. PMID- 7268754 TI - [Bile acids and malabsorption; physiology, pathology and diagnosis]. AB - Disturbances of the excretion and reabsorption of bile acids are discussed. Disturbances in bile acid metabolism can be found after terminal ileum resections, in contaminated small bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease localized in terminal ileum, ileostoma, non-specific diarrhoea of infancy, bulky small bowel contents, coeliac disease, cystic fibrosis, prematurity, intra- and extrabiliary obstruction. They can cause or increase malabsorption. Total bile acid and cholylglycine in serum and duodenal fluid can be used in diagnosing malabsorption. Estimation of serum bile acids and triglycerides after an oral fat loading test may provide information about the localization of small intestinal dysfunction. PMID- 7268755 TI - [Diagnosis in celiac dis]. AB - The work of Dicke, Weyers and Van de Kamer in the fifties caused a breakthrough in the treatment of Coeliac Disease. The pathogenesis of the disease however is still unknown in spite of great research efforts. Research nowadays is mainly directed to chemical analysis of wheat proteins and to immunological aspects of the disease. A close relationship to the HLA-system has been demonstrated. This article deals with the situation of the research and the consequences thereof for the diagnosis of the disease. PMID- 7268756 TI - [Giardiasis]. AB - Giardia Lamblia is considered as the most important cause of parasitic diarrhoea in children and adults. The epidemiology of the infection is determined by environmental and regional factors. The sensitivity of man for this infection depends on factors related to man himself and his environment. Structural changes of the gut such as cellular infiltration and villous atrophy, and functional derangements like malabsorption can explain part of the symptoms. The application of different procedures for the parasitological diagnosis with a variable degree of sensitivity is the cause of difference in recorded prevalence data. This infectious disease can be treated with a number of drugs; single dose treatment is to be preferred especially in childhood. Results of treatment i.a. with a single dose ornidazole are reported. PMID- 7268757 TI - [Congenital functional disorders of the hypothalamus caused by a development disorder of the prosencephalon]. AB - The case histories of three boys with a micropenis, abnormal facial features and congenital hypopituitarism are described. Two of the boys in addition had congenital deformities of the feet. A prolonged neonatal jaundice or a neonatal hepatitis, and an abnormal mental development was also found. This complicated syndrome is caused by impaired development of the prosencephalon. The ensuing anatomical changes have been called holoprosencephaly. Early recognition of this syndrome rests on the micropenis and the abnormal facial features. PMID- 7268758 TI - [The adolescent and the hospital]. AB - This article deals with the care and treatment of the adolescent in hospital. As a result of changes in society and alterations in the biological and psychological patterns of growth adolescents are being increasingly regarded as a distinct and separate group. In the authors' opinion medical care in the Netherlands is still not sufficiently adapted or geared to the needs of the adolescent. The authors propose that special facilities be created for adolescents in hospitals and out-patient departments, along the lines of those currently available in the U.S.A. The establishment of special adolescent units in children's hospitals and general hospitals requires considerable organisation and the recruitment of suitably qualified staff; in addition, medical students and nurses must be given factual and scientifically accurate information about adolescence during their training courses. PMID- 7268759 TI - Influence of pattern and red color on the photoconvulsive response and the photic driving. AB - Patients, 232 epileptics and 98 nonepileptics, were examined for photoconvulsive responses and photic driving, by using a stroboscope with a) a printed pattern (dots or grating) and b) a red plastic plate. The stimuli given were (1) dot pattern 5 Hz IPS, (2) red 5 Hz IPS, (3) grating pattern 15 Hz IPS, and (4) red 15 Hz IPS, with eyes open. Photoconvulsive responses evoked by (3) and (4) were 6.6% and 5.1%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those obtained from a control group flickered with ordinary white light, 15 Hz IPS, (1.1% and 0.9%, with eyes open and closed, respectively). High amplitude photic driving over 50 microV evoked by (1) occurred in 34.9% of the patients and by (2) 22.7%; these were significantly higher than in the control group with ordinary white flicker (12.5% and 5.2%). Similar stimuli of (1) to (4) with a constant brightness of 20 cd/m2 provided by a visual stimulator SLS-5100 were given in the same way. Photoconvulsive response evoked by 15 Hz flickering grating pattern occurred in 7.8% and by 15 Hz red flicker in 8.1%; the rate being slightly higher than, but not significantly different from, the above results. High amplitude photic driving evoked by 5 Hz flickering dot pattern and 5 Hz red flicker were 29.3% and 21.2%, respectively. These values were slightly lower than, but not significantly different from, the above results. It was concluded that the flicker stimulation with either pattern or red color is more potent in eliciting photoconvulsive responses (15 Hz) and photic driving responses (5 Hz) than conventional flicker. Furthermore, patterned IPS and red IPS showed almost the same activation effect on photoconvulsive responses and high amplitude photic driving as that of the comparable stimuli provided by a visual stimulator SLS-5100. PMID- 7268760 TI - A comparative histochemical study on alkaline phosphatase of the anterior pituitary gland in various mammals. AB - Alkaline phosphatase was histochemically studied in the anterior pituitary gland of mammals. By the azo dye method, the enzymatic activity was observed on the cell membrane, and in the cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus of the glandular cells in the swine, dog and guinea pig, while it was found on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm of the glandular cells in the cattle, sheep and rabbit but only in the cytoplasm of the glandular cells in the hamster, rat and mouse. By the lead citrate method, the enzymatic activity in the glandular cells decreased in all the mammals examined, and was hardly found in the hamster, rat and mouse. It was shown that the localization of alkaline phosphatase activity by the lead citrate method is finer than that by the azo dye method in the anterior pituitary gland. In the swine and dog, the cells with the enzymatic activity were found throughout the gland though they mainly concentrated in the zona tuberalis. In the castrated males, the enzymatic activity was stronger than that in the males and females, and the cells with the activity increased in number. From these results, these cells in the two species studied were regarded as gonadotrophs. Furthermore, it was suggested that the alkaline phosphatase in the glandular cells of the gland displays a high activity in active stage of the synthesis and/or release of gonadotrophic hormone, and have some connection with the regulatory mechanism of membrane permeability. PMID- 7268761 TI - Hexosaminidase C in brain affected by Tay-Sachs Disease. AB - Hexosaminidase (Hex) C could be detected in human brains by DEAE cellulose column chromatography, when N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity was determined at pH 5.5. In the chromatographic pattern, the peak of Hex C was always higher than that of Hex A in control prenatal brains and conversely lower in postnatal brains. Hex C was not detected in the brains obtained from two cases of Tay-Sachs disease. In addition, the content of Hex C in the brains of two other Tay-Sachs cases was lower than that of the control. The observation suggests that the absence or reduction of Hex C may have some relation with biochemical defects in Tay-Sachs disease, although Hex C does not share common subunit structures with Hex A and the role of Hex C with respect to GM2-ganglioside degradation remains unknown yet. PMID- 7268762 TI - Epidemiological study of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol with respect to risk factors against ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis. AB - The aim of the present study was to elucidate the change of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHO) in healthy individuals of 111 males and 162 females in relation to risk factors against ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis. A formula, (total cholesterol -- HDL.CHO)/total cholesterol, was used as a risk factor index (RFI). The following data were obtained concerning serum HDL.CHO, total cholesterol and triglyceride, and other risk factors. A significant decrease in HDL.CHO was related to the RFI. With the increase of RFI, significant increases were found to various extents in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, obesity index, blood sugar level, serum uric acid and the number of erythrocytes. The significant relations of these risk factors to RFI were discussed. PMID- 7268763 TI - Effects of some drugs on ripening of uterine cervix in nonpregnant castrated and pregnant rats. AB - The stimulating effect of some drugs on the ripening of the uterine cervix in rats was studied by measuring the wet weight of the uterine cervix and by both light and electron microscopy in nonpregnant castrated and pregnant conditions. Since the light and electron microscopic findings after estrogen (E) administration to castrated rats were similar to those found in the uterine cervix of rats at the end of pregnancy, it was concluded that E (E2 greater than or equal to E3 greater than or equal to E1) plays a major role in the ripening mechanism. It was also found that DHA-S, progesterone and relaxin had stimulating effects on cervical ripening. Oxytocin and PG (PGE2 greater than PGF2 alpha) showed the ripening activity only in pregnant condition. Moreover, oxytocin, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha potentiated the estrogen action. The effects on the increase in wet weight of the uterine cervix and microscopic findings due to DHA-S were different from E in castrated rats. It is therefore postulated that the effect of DHA-S might be mainly due to the secondary increase in E converted from DHA-S in the ovary and, in addition, to a direct effect of this medicament on the uterine cervix. There was essentially no difference in ultrastructure between the cervix of control (nonpregnant, castrated or pregnant) rats and that of rats treated with HCG, isoxsuprine hydrochloride, dihydroergotoxine, diazepam or n butylscopolammonium bromide. PMID- 7268764 TI - Dual contrast echocardiography following peripheral venous injection. AB - Contrast echocardiography was carried out using a dual method in which two ways of ultrasonic beam were recorded on a cross-sectional plane of the heart. The advantage of this method was to make it possible to demonstrate the right and left cardiac cavities simultaneously and to catch the flow of contrast echoes from many-sided viewpoints, whereas single beam echocardiography could not make it. Dual contrast studies following peripheral venous injection were performed on patients with congenital heart diseases. These studies revealed accurate hemodynamics in 26 of 27 patients. PMID- 7268765 TI - Bronchial length behavior with respect to lung volume histories in different bronchial sizes in excised dog lungs. AB - The bronchial length behavior of three different-sized segments in seven excised dog lobes was examined in terms of the transpulmonary pressure (PL)-bronchial length relationship and the absolute lung volume (VL)-bronchial length relationship during lung inflation and deflation. The straight bronchi of the right lower lobes were used and the bronchial lengths were measured directly and continuously with a linear displacement transducer which was connected by a thin rod to a wedged bead in the bronchi. From PL 30 to 0 cmH2O, the lengths of proximal, intermediate and distal bronchi from the airway opening decreased by 25.2 +/- 4.0%; 36.5 +/- 10.4%; and 37.0 +/- 11.5% (mean +/- S.D.), respectively. Hysteresis of bronchial length existed in the lung volume histories at the same PL, but not at the same VL. With deflation of lung from PL 30 to 0 cmH2O, the more proximal bronchi less changed their length disproportionately with lung volume. It is suggested that nonhomogeneous expansion between lung parenchyma and the bronchi would be more intense in the proximal bronchi than the distal bronchi in terms of bronchial length. PMID- 7268766 TI - Placental transfer and body distribution of nickel chloride in pregnant mice. PMID- 7268767 TI - Effects of inhaled chlorotrifluoroethylene and hexafluoropropene on the rat kidney. PMID- 7268768 TI - Inhibitory effect of a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, (S)-9-(2,3 dihydroxypropyl)adenine, on spermatogenesis in mice. PMID- 7268769 TI - Effect of stannous fluoride and sodium fluoride on hepatic mixed-function oxidase activities in the rat. PMID- 7268770 TI - Potentiation of acute chloroform nephrotoxicity by the glutathione depletor diethyl maleate and protection by the microsomal enzyme inhibitor piperonyl butoxide. PMID- 7268771 TI - 1,3-Butanediol pretreatment on the cholestasis induced in rats by manganese- bilirubin combination, taurolithocholic acid, or alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate. PMID- 7268772 TI - Characterization of the hyperlipidemia in guinea pigs induced by 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. PMID- 7268774 TI - A low-molecular-weight, chromium-binding substance in mammals. PMID- 7268773 TI - Acetaminophen-induced hypothermia, hepatic congestion, and modification by N acetylcysteine in mice. PMID- 7268775 TI - Study of the mechanism of hydralazine-induced myocardial necrosis in the rat. PMID- 7268776 TI - Release of hepatic cadmium by carbon tetrachloride treatment. PMID- 7268777 TI - Redistribution of cadmium to blood of rats. PMID- 7268778 TI - Comparative dermatotoxicology. I. Direct comparison of rabbit and human primary skin irritation responses to isopropylmyristate. PMID- 7268779 TI - Distribution and excretion of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. PMID- 7268780 TI - Metabolism and excretion of 2,4-[14C]Dinitrotoluene in conventional and axenic Fischer-344 rats. PMID- 7268781 TI - Inductive effect on hepatic enzymes and acute toxicity of individual polychlorinated dibenzofuran congeners in rats. PMID- 7268782 TI - In vitro inhibition of the primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes by cyclophosphamide. PMID- 7268783 TI - Embryo- and fetotoxicity of inhaled methyl ethyl ketone in rats. PMID- 7268785 TI - Inhibition of macrophage-induced tumor cell cytostasis and cytolysis by tumor promoting phorbol diesters. AB - The effects of 3 tumor-promoting phorbol diesters and the corresponding inactive polyol phorbol on cytostatic and cytolytic activities of activated murine peritoneal macrophages toward target tumor cells derived from skin cells of the same species were examined. In both cases the diesters, without showing concurrent toxicity, considerably suppressed in dose-related fashion, the activity of the macrophages at concentrations active in promotion in vivo, being active even in nanogram quantities. The order of activity among different diesters for cytostasis or cytolysis was the same as that observed toward tumor promotion in mouse skin. The non-promoter phorbol was inactive in all instances. These findings concur with proposals for an important role for abrogation of normal antitumor defense mechanisms in promotion of mouse skin carcinogenesis by active phorbol diesters. PMID- 7268784 TI - N-acetylcysteine-induced inhibition of gastric emptying: a mechanism affording protection to mice from the hepatotoxicity of concomitantly administered acetaminophen. AB - Swiss Webster male mice, 22 +/- 3 g, killed 17-18 h following the concomitant oral administration of acetaminophen (350 mg/kg) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, 100 500 mg/kg, treated) had statistically significant lower plasma transaminases (GOT and GPT) than control mice (acetaminophen + water). Possible mechanisms underlying this protective effect of NAC were examined. NAC (500 mg/kg) reduced [14C]acetaminophen-derived radioactivity in the blood and tissues but increased the percentage of the dose in the gastrointestinal tract. Depletion of hepatic sulphydryl compounds below 75% of the control value was prevented by NAC treatment, whereas urinary excretion of mercapturate and sulfate, metabolites derived from sulphydryls, were proportionally increased and excretion of unchanged drug was decreased by NAC. Absorption of acetaminophen from the small intestine was prevented by NAC and this was attributed to an inhibition in gastric emptying. Since all changes observed following NAC treatment could be attributed to inhibition of gastric emptying, it was considered the major mechanism responsible for affording in mice protection from acetaminophen-induced hepatocellular damage following concomitant oral administration. PMID- 7268786 TI - Maleic hydrazide, carcinogenicity study in rats. AB - The carcinogenicity of maleic hydrazide is discussed by several national and international organizations because of contradictory results of a number of carcinogenicity studies carried out in the past. Because maleic hydrazide is used in agriculture on edible crops, an oral carcinogenicity study with rats was carried out for 28 months at dietary levels of 0, 1.0 and 2.0% maleic hydrazide which contained less than 1.5 mg hydrazine/kg product as impurity. In this study as well as in an experiment with mice carried out with the same batch of maleic hydrazide at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France, treatment did not affect tumor incidence and it was concluded that maleic hydrazide itself is not a carcinogen. Most likely the presence of relatively high levels of hydrazine as an impurity was responsible for the contradictory results in studies as reported previously. Furthermore the results of this study showed that 1.0 and 2.0% maleic hydrazide in the diet caused proteinuria and increased protein/creatinine ratio's in the urine in both sexes without detectable histopathological changes in kidney or urinary tract. From this study, based on the effects of kidney function the "no-toxic" effect level is considered to be lower than 1.0% maleic hydrazide in the diet of rats. PMID- 7268787 TI - Effect of DDT on adipose tissue lipolysis in rat. AB - The effect of acute (600 mg/kg body wt) and chronic (15 mg/kg body wt/day for 45 days) DDT treatments of albino rats on the lipolytic activity of the adipose tissue was studied. There was no effect on the rate of glycerol release on incubation of isolated epididymal fat pads of the treated animals when compared to that of controls. Similarly, in vitro addition of DDT (10(-4) M) to the fat pads did not alter their lipolytic response. Noradrenaline stimulated lipolysis, in fat pads, was also unaffected by in vitro addition of DDT. Basal as well as noradrenaline or caffeine stimulated lipolysis in isolated fat cells also remained unchanged in the presence of DDT over a range of concentrations from 10( 8) M to 10(-4) M. PMID- 7268788 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of antipyrine (phenazone) in the baboon, cynomolgus monkey and rhesus monkey. AB - The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine (phenazone) in 3 species of non-human primate have been evaluated following its intravenous administration at a dose level of 92 mg/kg. Mean peak plasma concentrations of antipyrine of 132, 137 and 155 microgram/ml in the rhesus monkey, the cynomolgus monkey and the baboon respectively were not observed until 5 min after intravenous injection. Thereafter, concentrations declined with an apparent half-life of elimination of 1.5-2 h. The time-course of plasma antipyrine concentrations was adequately described by a one-compartment open model and no notable differences in pharmacokinetic parameters utilising a 2-compartment open model were observed. Antipyrine was mainly distributed in total body water. The mean volume of distribution was equivalent to 88, 73 and 66% of body weight in rhesus monkey, the cynomolgus monkey and the baboon, respectively. An analysis of variance of volumes of distribution, apparent half-lives of elimination and systemic clearances showed that there was a statistically significant species-related difference in systemic clearance (P less than 0.05) and volumes of distribution (P less than 0.01) which were lower in the cynomolgus monkey than in the other 2 species. The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine in the non-human primate are more similar to those of other laboratory animal species than to those of humans. PMID- 7268789 TI - Biotransformation and intracellular binding of arsenic in tissues of rabbits after intraperitoneal administration of 74As labelled arsenite. AB - The fate of arsenite was studied in rabbits injected i.p. with 1 microgram As/kg body wt as 74As labeled AsO2-. Eight tissues plus plasma and urine were analyzed for 74As content at different times. Arsenic was rapidly metabolized and poorly retained in the tissues. The main metabolite present in urine and plasma was dimethylarsinic acid. Sixty percent of the dose was excreted via urine and 6% with feces during the first day. In plasma arsenic was present mainly in a diffusible form, showing a very poor binding affinity to plasma proteins. Chromatographic separations and membrane ultrafiltrations showed that in liver and kidney cytosols, arsenic was significantly associated to proteins. The diffusible fraction disappeared within 48 h. The fraction of arsenic bound to proteins was suggested to be inorganic arsenic whereas the methylation process was closely related to the elimination and the detoxification of inorganic arsenic. PMID- 7268790 TI - Nickel toxicity in early embryogenesis in mice. AB - The development of mouse embryos was studied after intraperitoneal injection of nickel chloride in the preimplantation period. A single intraperitoneal injection of NiCl2 . 6H2O in 0.154 M NaCl corresponding to 20 mg/kg body wt was given to groups of female mice on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 of gestation. Control groups were injected with 0.154 M NaCl. Caesarean section was performed on day 19 of gestation and the following parameters were recorded: implantation frequency, frequency of early and late resorptions, frequency of liver normal fetuses, abnormal fetuses and stillborns, and the weight of each fetus. The implantation frequency of females treated with nickel chloride on the first day of gestation was significantly lower than that of the controls. The size of the litters in the control groups was larger than that of the nickel treated dams, significant difference being observed on days 1, 3 and 5. NiCl2 . 6H2O injection also resulted in diminished body weights of fetuses on day 19 of gestation. The groups of nickel treated mice had a larger frequency of both early and late resorptions and the frequency of stillborn and abnormal fetuses exceeded that of the control groups. This study shows that, by the procedure used, nickel chloride may influence mouse embryos during the passage through the oviduct with subsequent effect on the development after implantation.U PMID- 7268791 TI - Distribution and disposition of morpholine in the rabbit. AB - The results of a variety of in vivo and in vitro experiments suggested that the kidneys were the primary route of elimination of morpholine in the rabbit. Morpholine was not bound to serum proteins and was excreted 90% unchanged. The concentration of [14C]morpholine in the renal cortex was 6.6 times the concentration in the blood, and in the renal medulla was 15.3 times the concentration in the blood 30 min after the intravenous injection of single boluses of labelled compound. The chemical appeared to be distributed mainly to the extracellular space, and its rate of elimination was enhanced by acidification of the urine. PMID- 7268792 TI - Joint action of six herbicides with malathion against mosquito larvae of Culex pipiens L. PMID- 7268793 TI - Structure-activity relationship in the toxicity of some naturally occurring coumarins-chalepin, imperatorin and oxypeucedanine. AB - Imperatorin, oxypeucedanine and chalepin are furanocoumarins isolated from Clausena anisata a medicinal plant common in West Africa. Only chalepin is found to have anticoagulant activity when administered to rats at a single dose. Aniline hydroxylase activity was appreciably depressed by each of the substances. Ethylmorphine demethylase, hepatic DNA, reduced glutathione and glucose-6 phosphatase were unaffected by these compounds when administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 3 days prior to sacrifice. Under similar conditions only chalepin treatment resulted in alpha-1-globulin increase and a decrease in beta-globulin content of the serum. Intraperitoneal treatment with chalepin (100 mg/kg) for 2 days resulted in the death of 4 rats out of 10 within a 48 h of treatment. Livers of dead rats showed generalized necrosis of hepatocytes. No deaths were recorded for imperatorin and oxypeucedanine. Rats surviving after 8 weeks showed no changes in hepatic enzyme activity, reduced glutathione and DNA concentrations. However, chalepin and imperatorin induced alterations in the serum protein pattern within this period. Liver lesions were observed in chalepin treated animals and were characterized by very mild necrosis of hepatocytes. No lesions were observed in the livers of rats treated with imperatorin and oxypeucedanine. PMID- 7268795 TI - Radioprotective property of flavonoids in mice. PMID- 7268794 TI - Plasma phenylalanine levels in phenylketonuric heterozygous and normal adults administered aspartame at 34 mg/kg body weight. AB - Following administration of aspartame (34 mg/kg body wt) in orange juice, plasma concentrations of free amino acids were measured in 12 female subjects known to be heterozygous for phenylketonuria and 22 normal subjects (12 male, 10 female). No change in fasting plasma aspartate concentrations were noted after aspartame loading in either group. In normal male subjects, the mean (+/-S.D.) plasma phenylalanine concentration increased from a fasting value of 5.86 +/- 1.25 mumol/dl. Plasma phenylalanine levels in normal female subjects increased from a mean fasting concentration of 4.83 +/- 0.84 mumol/dl to a men peak value of 8.95 +/- 1.49 mumol/dl suggesting a more rapid absorption, metabolism, and/or clearance of phenylalanine by females. In female heterozygous subjects, the mean peak plasma phenylalanine concentration was significantly higher than in normal females. Plasma phenylalanine values increased from a mean fasting value of 5.92 +/- 1.51 mumol/dl to a mean peak value of 15.1 +/- 4.76 mumol/dl. Similarly, the area under the plasma phenylalanine concentration-time curve was significantly greater in heterozygous female subjects (21.36 +/- 5.10 IU) than in normal female subjects (10.84 +/- 2.32 IU). However, peak plasma phenylalanine levels were well below those associated with toxic effects in all cases. PMID- 7268796 TI - Effects of plant ingestion in rats determined by the conditioned taste aversion procedure. PMID- 7268797 TI - Similar regulatory mechanism underlying 3H-noradrenaline release from isolated hypothalamus and perfused tail artery or the rat by Latrodectus antheratus (black widow spider) venom gland extract and by potassium. PMID- 7268798 TI - The effect of Bitis gabonica (gaboon viper) snake venom on blood pressure, stroke volume and coronary circulation in the dog. PMID- 7268799 TI - Venom yields from three species of side-biting snakes (genus Atractaspis, Colubridae). PMID- 7268801 TI - Effects of Western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom on heart muscle. PMID- 7268800 TI - Peripheral versus central action of a toxin from Indian cobra (Naja naja Naja) venom. PMID- 7268802 TI - Contamination of commercially obtained Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen snake venom with bungarus multicinctus and Naja naja atra snake venoms. PMID- 7268803 TI - Liver cell enlargement in rats given hydroxymethyl pyrroles analogous to pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolites, followed later by the hepatotoxin dimethylnitrosamine. AB - Male rats aged 4-5 weeks were given single doses of pyrrolic alcohols having alkylating properties similar to those of pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolites, followed several days later by one of the hepatotoxins dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), thioacetamide (TA) or carbon tetrachloride. After 24-32 days the livers of animals given the pyrroles 1-methyl-2,3-bishydroxymethylpyrrole (II) or 1-phenyl 5-methyl-2,3-bishydroxymethylpyrrole (V) and then DMN, contained enlarged parenchymal cells (megalocytes) similar to those seen in chronic pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning. At this time such abnormal cells were not found in rats given any of the other pyrroles followed by DMN, or compound II and then TA or CCl4. PMID- 7268804 TI - Effect of degraded carrageenan on the intestine in germfree rats. AB - The role of intestinal bacterial flora in display of the effect of degraded carrageenan was investigated by feeding 9 germfree and 12 conventional female Wistar rats on diet containing 10% carrageenan for 63 days. Animals were sacrificed 7, 20, 35, and 63 days after the start of feeding and histological changes induced by carrageenan were studied. The germfree rats showed mucosal lesions, such as macrophage aggregates, erosion, and squamous metaplasia of the large intestine, and these lesions were more extensive than those in the conventional rats. Therefore, it was concluded that bacterial flora are not essential for display of the biological effects of degraded carrageenan. PMID- 7268805 TI - Effects of phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone on cerium induced biochemical changes in rat serum. PMID- 7268806 TI - Effects of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids senecionine, retrorsine and seneciphylline on aminopyrine N-demethylase activity on the rat liver S-10 fraction. AB - The effects of individual pyrrolizidine alkaloids on the mixed-function oxidase (MFO) enzyme aminopyrine N-demethylase were determined in rat liver 10 000 X g supernatant. The pyrrolizidine alkaloids, senecionine, seneciphylline and retrorsine were obtained from Senecio vulgaris. Senecionine and seneciphylline were found to be linear mixed-type inhibitors while retrorsine was found to be a competitive inhibitor of aminopyrine N-demethylase. The average Ki's +/- S.E. for senecionine, seneciphylline and retrorsine were 0.18 +/- 0.02, 0.33 +/- 0.06 and 0.92 +/- 0.05 mM, respectively. PMID- 7268807 TI - Adrenocortical degeneration in dogs, monkeys, and rats treated with alpha-(1,4 dioxido-3-methylquinoxalin-2-YL)-N-methylnitrone. AB - The antibacterial compound alpha-(1,4-dioxido-3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl)-N methylnitrone (DMNM), which was administered for a maximum period of 90 days, was given orally at 0, 7.5, 15.0 or 22.5 mg/kg/day for dogs; 0, 15, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day for rats; and 35 mg/kg/day for monkeys. Reduced food consumption and weight gain, depression, debility, and deaths occurred starting at doses (mg/kg/day) of 15 in dogs, 35 in monkeys and 50 in rats. Frequent emesis and occasional black, tarry feces were also observed in most treated dogs. Necropsy examinations revealed small, pale adrenal glands in rats given a dose of 50 mg/kg/day and gastrointestinal hemorrhage in dogs administered 15.0 or 22.5 mg/kg/day of DMNM. Microscopically, vacuolar degeneration of the canine, monkey and rat adrenal cortex was seen at all dosages and appeared to progress from the zona reticularis to the zona glomerulosa. In rats treated with 50 mg/kg/day of the drug chronic lesions of adrenal cortical fibrosis, atrophy, and nodular hyperplasia were also detected. The only other significant microscopic lesions consisted of mild testicular atrophy and occasional gastric erosions in dogs treated with 7.5 mg/kg/day of DMNM. PMID- 7268808 TI - Styrene and vinyltoluene induce micronuclei in mouse bone marrow. AB - Male C57BL/6 mice were treated i.p. with a single dose of styrene (250, 500, 1000 or 1500 mg/kg b.wt; 4 animals/group), vinyltoluene (100, 200, 300 or 500 mg/kg b.wt; 4-5 animals/group) or olive oil (controls, 13 animals). A significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed at 250 and 1000 mg/kg b.wt of styrene and at 200, 300 and 500 mg/kg b.wt of vinyltoluene. 1000 and 1500 mg/kg b.wt of styrene and 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b.wt of vinyltoluene significantly decreased the ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes. There was no increase in normochromatic cells with micronuclei. PMID- 7268809 TI - Pulmonary reactions to inhalation of methylene chloride: effects on lipid peroxidation in rats. PMID- 7268810 TI - Ethane formation of isolated rat hepatocytes due to carbon tetrachloride. AB - Isolated rat hepatocytes incubated aerobically formed measurable amounts of ethane, a parameter for lipid peroxidation. This ethane formation increased several-fold due to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) depending on its concentration. Cell damage as measured by trypan blue uptake and lactate dehydrogenase release poorly correlated with ethane formation. Ethane was not metabolized, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), when added to isolated hepatocytes, decreased very rapidly. The results indicate that rather than MDA is a reliable parameter for lipid peroxidation occurring in isolated hepatocytes, and that a simple relationship between CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation and cell damage is not existing in isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7268811 TI - The neurotoxicity of 5-nonanone: preliminary report. PMID- 7268813 TI - Binding of sulfite-introduced 35S to the pleura and walls of conducting airways in rat lungs. PMID- 7268812 TI - Toxicity of selenium compounds to alveolar macrophages. AB - Selenium compounds released into urban atmospheres as a result of fossil fuel combustion may pose an inhalation hazard to people. Two chemical forms of selenium produced during coal combustion and present in combustion effluent are selenious acid. H2SeO3, and elemental selenium, Se. In an attempt to determine the toxicity of selenium compounds relative to other trace elements, the cytotoxicity of H2SeO3 and Se to rabbit alveolar macrophages in vitro was investigated. Macrophages were obtained by lung lavage and exposed in tissue culture after 20 h. Neither selenious acid nor elemental selenium caused cell lysis at concentrations which decreased total cell viability. Selenious acid was an order of magnitude more toxic then elemental selenium. Elemental selenium was similar in toxicity to environmental contaminants such as CdCl2 and V2O5. These in vitro cytotoxicity data can be used to predict the risk posed to people inhaling selenium compounds at levels found in urban atmospheres. PMID- 7268815 TI - [Prognosis and therapy in case of hypopharynx carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on 84 patients with hypopharynx carcinomas who were treated between 1960 and 1979 at the Radiotherapy Department of Wurzburg. There is a high rate of recurrences after all therapy methods. 65 patients were only irradiated, ten patients were irradiated after and nine before surgical procedure. The five year survival time of the patients irradiated only is 43% for the stages T1 and T2 and 4% for the stages T3 and T4, the statistical difference being significant. The problem of tumor localization and stage classification is treated and the therapy results are critically examined. PMID- 7268814 TI - Rapid OTAN method for localizing unsaturated lipids in lung tissue sections. AB - The OTAN treatment, which is the only histochemical method available at present for the simultaneous localization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic unsaturated lipids in tissue sections, requires unduly long exposure to OsO4 and use of free floating sections, which makes handling the sections difficult and often results in their loss or damage. Simple modifications using OsO4 treatment at 37 C and slide-mounted sections eliminate the practical drawbacks of the existing method and provide as good or better localization in less than one-eight of the time. The modified method is applicable to fixed as well as fresh frozen tissues. PMID- 7268816 TI - [Irradiation planning in conservative treatment of cancer of the breast (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations of homogeneous irradiation of the breast with opposed wedge filter fields are presented. Isodose plans calculated with the help of computer programs were compared with measurements of isodose distributions (LiF rods in polystyrol phantoms), and the possibility of optimizing the irradiation method by means of computed plans was examined. Differences between the calculated and the measured values maximally amounted to 10% (programs SIDOS U2 and COMRAD). The calculations correctly describe the place of dose maxima, the homogeneity of the irradiation and tendency to isodose shift caused by variation of the shape of the breast, of the angle of incidence of radiation and of the angles of the wedges. The results are demonstrated using isodose lines in the mediolateral and in the craniocaudal plane of the breast. PMID- 7268817 TI - [Behavior of the serum concentration of pregnancy associated alpha 2 glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) in gynecologic carcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - The serum concentration of Alpha 2-PAG was measured in a group of women (n = 204) with different sites and types of gynecological carcinomas and various stages. In a follow-up study over a period of 2 years a positive correlation between Alpha 2 PAG serum concentration and clinical course was found in 50 of 139 woman (35.9%) only. These results suggest that Alpha 2-PAG is an unsatisfactory marker in a majority of the gynecological malignomas studied. PMID- 7268818 TI - Radiosensitizing effect of 2,4-dinitroimidazole-1-ethanol and its cytotoxicity in HeLa S3 cells. AB - Using cultured HeLa S3 cells, the radiosensitizing and cytotoxic effects of newly synthesized derivatives of dinitroimidazole were investigated and compared with those of misonidazole. 2,4-Dinitroimidazole-1-ethanol radiosensitized hypoxic cells selectively. At 5 mM misonidazole, the enhancement ratio was 1.95; with 0.5 mM 2,4-dinitroimidazole-1-ethanol, almost the same enhancement could be obtained. This indicates that the radiosensitizing effect of the latter agent was about 10 times greater than that of misonidazole. However, its cytotoxicity was twice that of misonidazole under hypoxic conditions and there was no apparent differential cytotoxicity to hypoxic and aerobic cells. PMID- 7268819 TI - [Radiotherapy of the thymoma (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on 24 thymomas irradiated between 1971 and 1980. Ten patients were irradiated after a radical thymectomy, three after partial resection and eleven after histologic diagnosis alone The patients were treated by different irradiation methods, mostly with the photons of a Co60 unit and a 43 MeV betatron. The average focal dose was 45 Gy which were administered within five weeks. The observation period was five years on an average. The general five year survival probability was 54%; some partial collectives were evaluated individually. These studies show that by unique radiotherapy, too, a two-year survival rate of 100% and a five-year survival rate of 50% as sell as a local recurrence rate of about 20% can be reached. Patients under fourty years with epithelial thymomas and a dose of less than 40 Gy have a less favorable prognosis. Compared to other authors, a relatively high rate of remote metastases was observed which necessitated extensive follow-up measures and suggests an adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 7268820 TI - [Thyroid function after mantle field radiation therapy (author's transl)]. AB - 48 patients with malignant lymphoma received a 60Co-radiation dose of 30 to 50 Gy using the mantle field technique. Thyroid function tests were performed 34 to 92 months after radiation therapy. One patient developed myxedema, ten (20.8%) had subclinical hypothyroidism and six (12.5%) latent hypothyroidism. The incidence of hypothyroidism after treatment of malignant lymphomas is summarized in a review of the literature. Discrepancies on the incidence of hypothyroidism were found, and their possible cause is discussed. Periodic examinations of all patients with thyroid radiation exposure are recommended. The examination can be limited to measurement of TSH concentration and palpation of the thyroid for nodules. PMID- 7268821 TI - [Therapeutic results achieved during the past fifteen years in cases of medulloblastoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268822 TI - [Clinical experiences with the radiosensitizer Misonidazol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268823 TI - [Different effectiveness of hyperthermia with regard to fast electrons and X-rays with different energy spectra (author's transl)]. AB - The synergistic enhancement of the irradiation effect by mild (40.5 degrees C) and strong (43 degree C) hyperthermia (TER = temperature enhancement ratio) was examined for different sparsely ionizing radiation qualities (15 meV electrons in two irradiation depths corresponding to a relative depth dose of 100% and 30%, 200-kV and 29-kV-X-rays). Hypotetraploid ("4n") and diploid (2n), asynchronous, exponentially growing CHO fibroblasts were used as experimental subjects. The survival inthe colony test was used as criterion to assess the effect. The experiments carried out with 4n cells showed that, for the two temperatures, the TER decreases with increasing ionization density and, when applying fast electrons producing an extremely sparse ionization in an irradiation depth of 100%, the TER shows a maximum increase as compared to the more densely ionizing radiation qualities. Already when mild hyperthermia is employed, fast electrons show a TER of 1.25 which rises to about 2.25 at 43 degrees C. In case of 29-kV-X rays, these values amount to 1 and 1.66 respectively. As to the 2n cells, the TER reaches here the double value and seems to be similarly dependent on the ionization density. PMID- 7268825 TI - Renal excretion of sulphamethoxazole and its metabolite N4 acetylsulphamethoxazole in patients with impaired kidney function. AB - Plasma and urine concentrations of creatinine, sulphamethoxazole and its metabolite N4-acetylsulphamethoxazole were measured in patients with varying degrees of kidney impairment. The plasma elimination half-life of sulphamethoxazole is not influenced by the kidney function, while the half-life of the metabolite is fully dependent on the kidney function. The renal clearances of the metabolites and that of the parent compound under alkaline urine conditions are linearly related to the creatinine clearance. Kidney impairment affects only the renal clearance of the metabolite, whereas sulphamethoxazole is metabolized (acetylated) independently of kidney function. PMID- 7268824 TI - Radioprotective effect of MPG (2-mercaptopropionylglycine) on the postnatal growth of mice irradiated in utero. AB - Pregnant mice at gestation days 14 1/4, 16 1/4 and 18 1/4 were exposed to 250 R gamma rays in presence and absence of MPG, a -SH radioprotector. There was a biphasic weight loss in post partum animals born to irradiated mothers. In the MPG treated young ones, the second weight loss was remarkably averted. It was also found that 14 1/4 day of gestation was more radiosensitive than 16 1/4 or 18 1/4 days. PMID- 7268826 TI - The predictive value of the serum digoxin concentration in the management of hospitalized patients. AB - Serum digoxin concentration (SDC) was compared with clinical and ancillary predictors as a guide to adjustment of digoxin dose and as a test for digitalis toxicity in a total of 76 hospitalized patients during a period of 9 months. The mean SDC (3.6 +/- 2.5 nmoles/liter) associated with unexpected discontinuation of therapy was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that (1.1 +/- 0.6 nmoles/liter) associated with unaltered digoxin dose, while the mean SDC (0.6 +/- 0.4 nmole/liter) associated with unexpected dose increase was significantly lower (p less than 0.05). There was no significant association between other pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic predictors and therapeutic intention. There was a 13% incidence of confirmed digitalis intoxication. The mean SDC (3.6 +/- 1.9 nmoles/liter) of patients presenting and confirmed as digitalis toxic was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that (1.4 +/- 0.6 nmoles/liter) involving a situation in which digitalis toxicity could not initially be excluded by other means. The predictive value of an SDC greater than or equal to 2.6 nmoles/liter for toxicity was 80%, and its efficiency for diagnosing both toxicity and nontoxicity was 95%. The SDC was thus shown to be a valid test of digitalis toxicity and to provide extraordinary information enabling the clinician to modulate digoxin therapy precisely. PMID- 7268827 TI - Saliva-serum theophylline concentrations: substantial intrapatient and interpatient variation in predicting serum concentrations. AB - The relationships between serum and saliva concentrations were evaluated in 18 patients after single doses of three theophylline preparations. Simultaneous multiple saliva and serum samples were obtained after theophylline ingestion and were analyzed for theophylline content by the modified Schack and Waxler spectrophotometric method. Significant variability was observed in the data for those saliva/serum ratio sets obtained within 30 min of dosage. The mean correlation coefficient for saliva/serum sample sets obtained at and after 30 min was 0.86. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients determined for saliva/serum ratios at 2,4,6, and 8 hr ranged from 0.84 to 0.89, leaving 26% of the variance unexplained. Serum concentrations were calculated from a randomly selected saliva/serum ratio for each patient. Predicted serum concentrations were +/- 2 micrograms/ml of measured concentrations in only 143 of the 196 determinations (73%). Therefore, the use of saliva concentrations to predict serum values has substantial error in specific patients and may lead to incorrect dosage adjustments. PMID- 7268828 TI - Direct determination of propranolol in serum or plasma by fluoroimmunoassay. AB - A fluoroimmunoassay for the determination of serum of plasma levels of propranolol was developed using antibodies to propranolol coupled to magnetizable solid-phase particles and fluorescein-labeled propranolol as tracer. The method was sufficiently sensitive, precise, and specific for application to routine monitoring of propranolol therapy, and gave good correlation (r = 0.99) with a widely used ultraviolet fluorometric method in the assay of patients' specimens. The fluoroimmunoassay involves the same instrumentation as the fluorometric assay and has practical advantages, including greater sensitivity (only 100 microliters of sample required), avoidance of an extraction step, and visible-wavelength fluorometry, which permits the use of disposable plastic apparatus throughout the entire procedure. PMID- 7268829 TI - Liquid chromatography determination of thiopentone in human plasma. AB - A rapid microprocedure for the liquid chromatographic analysis of thiopentone in plasma is described. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography was performed on a microparticulate C18 column using as a mixture of 60% methanol/40% water as mobile phase and ultraviolet detection (290 nm). The method used carbamazepine as internal standard and ethyl acetate as extraction solvent. The analytical recovery was 95%; the reproducibility, 6.5%; and the sensitivity limit of detection, 0.2 mg/liter. The method has been used in preliminary studies to determine the plasma concentrations in patients receiving thiopentone by the intravenous route. A method using direct injection is described. PMID- 7268830 TI - A rapid and simple microassay for lidocaine in human blood plasma using gas liquid chromatography with nitrogen detection. AB - Lidocaine is widely used in antiarrhythmic therapy, and the need to monitor the drug concentration in the blood of patients receiving lidocaine is well established. We have developed a new assay for lidocaine designed for the routine clinical therapeutic drug monitoring laboratory. A 100-microliter aliquot of blood plasma is treated with 50 microliters of internal standard solution and the mixture alkalinized. The drug and internal standard are extracted with toluene and analyzed by nitrogen-detection gas-liquid chromatography. A single extraction is used, and no solvent evaporation is required, resulting in a simple and rapid procedure. Using the single-point standard, the within-day coefficient of variation (CV) was 6.4%, while the between-day CV was 7.4%. Monoethylglycinexylidide, the major plasma metabolite of lidocaine, and several drugs potentially present in patients receiving lidocaine were shown not to interfere. The procedure has significant advantages over previously published similar methods. PMID- 7268831 TI - Interference with RIA theophylline assay in patient receiving dimenhydrinate. PMID- 7268832 TI - The effects of thymosin (fraction V) on adjuvant diseases in rats. PMID- 7268833 TI - The effect of blood serum from mice treated with embryonal thymic calf extracts on leukocytes and serum protein of R3 strain mice. PMID- 7268835 TI - Onchocerciasis: ways of improving the reconstitution method for counting microfilariae in skin snips. PMID- 7268834 TI - Chironomid midges as a cause of allergy in the Sudan. AB - Hypersensitivity to Chironomidae (non-biting midges) has been a problem in the Sudan since about 1927 and appears to be due to increased breeding of a single chironomid species, Cladotanytarsus lewisi (Freeman). Mass emergence of the midges in thought to be related to the larval diet of algae and diatoms, the numbers of which are greatly enhanced by the retention of plant nutrients in lacustrine conditions resulting from interruption to the natural flow of the Nile by the construction of dams. Immunological studies in allergic individuals using an allergen extract prepared from C. lewisi indicate that the concentration of specific immunoglobulin E ("allergic antibody") directed against C. lewisi is raised in patients with established hypersensitivity to the midge but not in control subjects. The concentration of specific IgE is also related to the severity of clinical symptoms. These results indicate that this widespread and important "man made" hypersensitivity in the Sudan has the features of well recognized immediate-type allergy commonly associated with pollens and other air borne allergens. PMID- 7268836 TI - Lack of resistance of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata after nine years of exposure to Bayluscide. PMID- 7268838 TI - Intestinal parasitic infections of man in Tasmania. PMID- 7268837 TI - Normal immunological responses in mice treated with chloroquine, quinine and primaquine. PMID- 7268840 TI - The effects of some African game animal sera in the BIIT in the Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) PMID- 7268839 TI - Malaria infection presenting with symptoms of thyroid insufficiency and amenorrhoea. PMID- 7268841 TI - Urolithiasis in Sahelian Africa. PMID- 7268842 TI - Leishmania donovani in the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus) PMID- 7268844 TI - The in vitro cultivation of members of the Leishmania braziliensis complex. PMID- 7268843 TI - Wing tuft colours in the progeny of single individuals of Simulium squamosum (Enderlein) PMID- 7268845 TI - Measles vaccination in Zaire--when and how? PMID- 7268846 TI - Geographical expansion of the range of Chrysomya blowflies. PMID- 7268847 TI - Susceptibility of Kuwaiti rodents and experimental mice to isolates of Leishmania spp. PMID- 7268848 TI - Scanning electron microscope studies on the anterior region of the larvae of Onchocerca volvulus in the vector. PMID- 7268849 TI - Elimination of microfilariae (Litomosoides carinii Filarioidea) in the patent and in the immunized cotton-rat. PMID- 7268850 TI - Antigenic differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei: studies on metacyclic and first parasitaemia populations. PMID- 7268851 TI - Acquired resistance to ixodid ticks in laboratory animals. PMID- 7268852 TI - Vaccination of domestic chickens against a stock of Trypanosoma brucei. PMID- 7268853 TI - In vitro cultivation of pleomorphic Trypanosoma brucei stocks: a possible source of variable antigens for immunization studies. PMID- 7268854 TI - Transmission of leishmaniasis by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies: possible mechanisms. PMID- 7268855 TI - Development of Hepatozoon erhardovae Krampitz, 1964 (Protozoa: Haemogregarinidae) in experimental mammalian and arthropod hosts. II. Sexual development in fleas and sporozoite indices in xenodiagnosis. PMID- 7268856 TI - Immunization to produce a transmission-blocking immunity in Plasmodium yoelii malaria infections. PMID- 7268857 TI - Mechanoreceptors, feeding behaviour and trypanosome transmission in Glossina. PMID- 7268858 TI - Intracellular development of the cotton-rat filaria Litomosoides carinii in the vector mite Ornithonyssus bacoti. PMID- 7268859 TI - Genetic aspects of the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to Dirofilaria and Brugia. PMID- 7268860 TI - Preliminary observations on the cell surface of Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoites. PMID- 7268861 TI - Effect of specific and non-specific prior sensitization on the outcome of amoebic infection. AB - Guinea-pigs were sensitized with monoaxenic amoebic antigen (Group I), bacterial associate antigen (Group II) and axenic amoebic antigen (Group III). All animals in Group I, 95% in Group II and 70% in group III, developed caecal lesions on intra-caecal inoculation of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites; 92.8% of control (unsensitized) animals developed lesions in their caeca. Lesions were more severe in sensitized animals than in controls. Hepatic abscesses were found in 7.6% of group I, 11.1% of group II and 7.1% of group III. No animal from the untreated but infected group developed hepatic abscess. It thus appears that specific (amoebic) and non-specific (bacterial) prior sensitization may render the host more susceptible to hepatic amoebic infection. PMID- 7268862 TI - Mycoses in India--study in Madras. AB - The incidence of mycoses is high in Madras accounting for over 13% of dermatoses diagnosed in a three-year period. Dermatophytoses (tinea corporis and tinea cruris) and pityriasis versicolor were most common in May and October. A correlation was observed between these infections and environmental temperature, humidity and rainfall. Most cases of all dermatophytoses except tinea capitis were recorded between 10 and 30 years of age but the latter was most common between one and 10 years. Males were predominantly affected with all except tinea axillaris, candidiasis and piedra. The incidence of piedra and deep mycoses was low. PMID- 7268863 TI - Human platelets frozen with glycerol in liquid nitrogen: biological and clinical aspects. AB - Platelets were frozen using glycerol (3% in plasma) as a cryoprotective agent, a rapid cooling rate, and liquid nitrogen for storage. The cryopreserved platelets were thawed at 42 C and infused without washing. The results indicate that the quality of the thawed platelets is equivalent to platelets stored for 24 to 48 hours at room temperature. The availability of HLA phenotyped leukocyte poor platelets can reduce the frequency of sensitization to strong antigens and provide clinically effective platelets for alloimmunized patients. PMID- 7268864 TI - Regeneration of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and ATP in stored erythrocytes by phosphoenolpyruvate: a new preservative for blood storage. PMID- 7268865 TI - Purine metabolism of erythrocytes preserved in adenine, adenine-inosine, and adenine-guanosine supplemented media. AB - Four different media for erythrocyte preservation have been compared by studying 16 variables mainly describing the purine metabolism and glycolysis of the erythrocyte. The concentrations of the additives in the erythrocyte suspensions were as follows: adenine, 0.25 mmol/l; adenine, 0.75 mmol/l; adenine, 0.25 and inosine, 0.50 mmol/l; and adenine, 0.25 and guanosine, 0.50 mmol/l. Evaluated from the concentrations of glycerate 2,3-bisphosphate and purine nucleoside triphosphates, the medium with adenine-guanosine was superior to the others. In this medium with adenine-guanosine was superior to the others. In this medium the guanosine was rapidly split to guanine, which was slowly used for nucleotide synthesis or deaminated to xanthine. Differences between ATP and GTP in their reactivity with the two enzymes phosphofructose kinase seems to explain the beneficial effect of guanosine on preservation of erythrocytes. PMID- 7268867 TI - Effect of microaggregate blood filtration on platelet concentrates in vitro. PMID- 7268868 TI - Leukocyte-poor red blood cells prepared by the addition and removal of glycerol from red blood cell concentrates stores at 4 C. PMID- 7268866 TI - The effects of irradiation on blood components. AB - The functional properties of formed elements of whole blood were studied following irradiation doses of 500 to 20,000 rads. Irradiated lymphocytes retained only 1.5 per cent of their 3H thymidine uptake after a 5,000-rad exposure and none after 7,500 rads. Red blood cells stored for 21 days and then irradiated with 5,000 rads had the same survival as nonirradiated controls. In contrast, 5,000 rads reduced platelet yields. However, transfused irradiated platelets produced the expected increases in platelet counts and controlled hemostasis in thrombocytopenic patients. After 5,000 rads, granulocytes had normal bacterial killing capacity, chemotactic mobility, and normal superoxide production after high-dose stimulation. Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and ingestion stimulated by complement opsonized oil droplets were not diminished by 5,000- and 10,000-rad irradiation. The functional qualities of cellular blood components other than lymphocytes are not compromised by 5,000 rads. This irradiation dose may be an effective means of controlling incidence of graft-vs host disease in immunosuppressed patients. PMID- 7268869 TI - Exchange red blood cell pheresis in a pediatric patient with severe complications of sickle cell anemia. AB - Exchange transfusion is a well-established procedure for the treatment of severe complications of sickle cell anemia. However, large-volume exchange is a difficult, time-consuming technique, and therefore rarely used. Exchange red blood cell pheresis, using automated equipment, can accomplish red blood cell exchange more rapidly and efficiently, and can be easily performed by a skilled team of nursing personnel. The recent introduction of a pediatric centrifuge bowl allows this technique to be applied to pediatric patients. This procedure was used in a 13-year-old male with sickle cell anemia, who presented with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, respiratory distress, and hypoxemia, unresponsive to antibiotics and other means of conservative therapy. A one and one-half volume red blood cell exchange reduced the hemoglobin S concentration to 13 per cent. The patient experienced dramatic improvement within 24 hours, progressing to complete recovery within a few days. PMID- 7268870 TI - A pre-sealed overwrap method of protecting frozen blood components during water immersion thawing. AB - Forty samples of frozen human plasma were thawed in a 37 C water bath following storage at -80 C for 48 hours. Twenty of these samples were protected by heat sealed polyethylene overwraps prior to freezing and thawing. The remaining 20 samples were unprotected. None of the protected samples leaked during thawing. The thawing times for the protected overwrap method were prolonged. This method represents a practical procedure for reducing bacterial contamination when blood components are thawed in nonsterile water baths. PMID- 7268871 TI - Decreased affinity for a chemotactic factor in stored granulocyte concentrates. AB - Previous studies in this laboratory demonstrated decreased migration of neutrophils after storage for 24 hours at room temperature. The current work was undertaken to identify a possible mechanism for decreased migration after storage. Initial studies ruled out the possibility that chemotaxis was decreased due to impaired ability to sense a chemotactic factor gradient since chemokinesis was decreased in addition to chemotaxis. Dose-response curves to the synthetic chemotactic agent Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine (FMLP) showed decreased response to submaximal chemokinetic stimuli in stored neutrophils. This suggested the possibility of altered FMLP receptor binding in stored neutrophils. Neutrophil FMLP receptors were measured in 11 fresh and stored granulocyte concentrates. Although there was a small increase in total FMLP receptors per neutrophil after storage, the affinity of FMLP receptors in fresh neutrophils was significantly greater than that in neutrophils stored 24 hours at room temperature. Thus, decreased migration toward submaximal chemotactic stimuli in stored neutrophils may be due to altered membrane FMLP binding. However, decreased migration of stored neutrophils to maximal stimuli cannot be explained by altered FMLP binding affinity. PMID- 7268872 TI - A simple technique for enhancing the sensitivity of a commercial solid-phase radioimmunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). AB - A simple procedural modification of a commercial solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique resulted in increased sensitivity for detecting HBsAg. The main feature of the modification consisted of agitation of the sample and solid-phase antibody during the first incubation. This was achieved by dispensing the bead and sample into a vial and rotating the vial gently during the incubation period. The modified technique resulted in the detection of HBsAg in the range of 1.0 to 1.2 ng/ml (ay subtype) and 0.16 to 0.38 ng/ml (ad subtype). Samples that were reactive by the rotation technique could be shown to be specific by using an immunological neutralization test. Plasma as well as serum could be tested by the rotation technique and gave comparable results when samples were incubated at 45 C or at room temperature. Three (1.3%) of 227 donor samples containing anti-HBc as the sole hepatitis B marker were specifically reactive for HBsAg by the modified procedure, although no sample was reactive by the standard technique. PMID- 7268874 TI - ABO incompatibility missed by saline immediate spin compatibility testing. PMID- 7268873 TI - Alloimmunization in two multitransfused patient populations. AB - A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the frequency of alloimmunization in two multitransfused patient populations. Three hundred eighteen unselected patients whose transfusion records were available were studied. One hundred fifty-seven patients had sickle cell disease (SCD) and 161 had thalassemia. Forty-four antibodies were detected in 23 of the 99 transfused SCD patients. The predominate antibodies were in the Rh group: seventeen were anti-rh"(E), eight were anti-rh'(C), and four were anti-rh'w(Cw). Of the remaining antibodies, five were anti-Kell, three were anti-Jka, two were anti Jkb, three were anti-Fya, one was anti-Bga, and one was anti-S. In the thalassemic patients, six antibodies were detected in 4 of the 39 transfused patients. Of these, there were two anti-Kell and one anti-Rho (D), anti-rh'(C), anti-rh'w(Cw), and anti-Fya each. Although the SCD patients were more likely to have been transfused at the parent institution than were the thalassemic patients (69% vs. 24%, p less than 0.05), the frequencies of alloimmunized patients, the total number of antibodies, and the number of Rh antibodies did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.05) for transfused patients in the two populations. PMID- 7268875 TI - Plasma in platelet concentrates. PMID- 7268876 TI - Recommendation of leukapheresis as well as combination chemotherapy of adult T cell leukemia. PMID- 7268877 TI - Proposed new terminology for Ena. PMID- 7268878 TI - Red cell destruction in the absence of detectable antibody. PMID- 7268879 TI - Reversal of Aldomet-induced autoantibodies. PMID- 7268880 TI - Local cellular immunity in the draining lymph nodes of mice after immunization with histocompatibility alloantigens. AB - Mice immunized with allogeneic cells exhibit a local component of cellular immunity that is confined to lymph nodes draining the site of immunization. After immunization of C3H mice by skin grafting or by i.p. or footpad injection of F1 hybrid spleen cells, draining lymph nodes show increased responsiveness toward the immunizing histocompatibility determinants for at least 3 months after immunization. This local component of immunity is not detected in a traditional graft-versus-host (GVH) assay of splenomegaly. To demonstrate this immunity, we used a GVH assay in which pieces of whole lymph nodes were grafted onto F1 hybrid host kidneys. The enlargement of each grafted node piece is taken as the measure of its immunological responsiveness. We interpret our results to indicate that this node-onto-kidney assay detects the contribution of a relatively immobile donor cell population that exerts its effects in lymph nodes local to, but not distant from, the site of immunization. PMID- 7268882 TI - The future of transplantation. PMID- 7268881 TI - Transplantation immunity in the Palaun sponge, Xestospongia exigua. PMID- 7268884 TI - Neonatal transplantation tolerance results from two types of suppression acting during induction and at the effector phase. PMID- 7268883 TI - Selective effects of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) on the immune response. PMID- 7268885 TI - Enhancement and antibody-mediated rejection of mouse skin allografts with anti-H 2K, H-2D, H-2L antibodies. PMID- 7268886 TI - The production of adult chimeras by the use of monoclonal anti-host H-2K antibody. PMID- 7268887 TI - Rejection crises that resolve can be triggered by passenger cells in otherwise syngeneic transplants. PMID- 7268889 TI - Specific graft-versus-host nonreactivity of lymphoid cells from irradiation chimeras. PMID- 7268888 TI - Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and immunotherapy: effects on basic cell functions in the developing brain. PMID- 7268890 TI - Microchimerism in pregnant mice. PMID- 7268891 TI - New developments in the use and recognition of brain death in the united states and other countries. PMID- 7268892 TI - Thromboxane-B2 and renovascular resistance during hypothermic pulsatile perfusion. PMID- 7268893 TI - The role of bone marrow cells in the growth inhibition of transplanted methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma (MCA). PMID- 7268894 TI - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumors in mice: an heterogeneous system. PMID- 7268895 TI - Lysis of NK target cells by soluble cytotoxic factor(s) and inhibition by a xenoantiserum directed against cytotoxic cells. PMID- 7268896 TI - Genetic regulation of metastasis progression: the development of pulmonary metastases of the 3LL lung carcinoma is controlled by both a non-H-2 gene(s) and a gene(s) linked to the H-2D region of the mouse MHC. PMID- 7268897 TI - Heterogeneity of natural killer cells in the mouse. PMID- 7268899 TI - Serology of HLA. PMID- 7268898 TI - MHC in general biologic recognition: its theoretical implications in transplantation. PMID- 7268900 TI - Structure of the major human histocompatibility antigens (HLA-A and HLA-b): evolutionary and functional implications. PMID- 7268901 TI - The role of H-2 region encoded transplantation antigens in thyroid graft rejection: possible tissue-associated polymorphism of MHC-determined transplantation antigens. PMID- 7268902 TI - A new method for HLA typing based on intracellular ATP determination. PMID- 7268904 TI - Chronic pain as a disease entity. PMID- 7268903 TI - The use of microfluorochromasia in platelet crossmatching as a means of evaluating thrombocytopenic patient sera. PMID- 7268905 TI - Some current data on headache research. PMID- 7268906 TI - From our laboratories. Preclinical development of analgesics. PMID- 7268907 TI - Quartan malaria nephropathy. PMID- 7268908 TI - Psychiatric disturbances associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and pemphigus vulgaris. PMID- 7268909 TI - Deaths in Seychelles due to neoplasms, 1959-78. PMID- 7268910 TI - Vulval cancer following or co-existing with chronic granulomatous diseases of vulva. An analysis of its natural history, clinical manifestation and treatment. PMID- 7268911 TI - Surgical treatment of amoebic liver abscess. PMID- 7268912 TI - Some aspects of drug use in Ethiopia. PMID- 7268913 TI - Prevention of childhood mortality in Nigeria by use of medical auxiliaries. PMID- 7268914 TI - Comparative study of hospital incidences of congenital anomalies, childhood malignant solid tumours and pyomyositis in mainland Tanzania. PMID- 7268915 TI - Mobile under-fives clinic in Ekpoma, Nigeria. AB - Since 1977, mobile under-fives clinics have been held in Ekpoma, a rural community in Bendel State, Nigeria. Analysis of the data obtained in the six month period, October 1979 to March 1980, indicate that the bulk of diseases seen could be prevented through health education, immunization, malarial chemoprophylaxis, and regular monitoring of weight. Mobile clinics could fill this need in rural areas where fixed clinic facilities are absent or inadequate. Employment and training of auxiliary health workers to carry out routine consultations and treatment will enhance the role of the doctor in the team as teacher, consultant, and organizer. It is hoped that other suggestions and recommendations made in this paper indicate practical steps that will improve the work of the mobile clinics. PMID- 7268916 TI - Use and misuse of 4-aminoquinoline antimalarials in tropical Africa and re examination of itch reaction to these drugs. PMID- 7268917 TI - A survey of deaths in Hong Kong attributed to tuberculosis. AB - Records obtained for 578 (96%) of the 602 patients certified as having died from tuberculosis in Hong Kong during a 1-year period were reviewed by an expert independent assessor in London, In his opinion 14 (2% of the 578) had never had tuberculosis, and in 28 (5%) it was not possible to decide whether or not the patient had ever had tuberculosis. Tuberculosis had been no more than a contributory factor in causing death in 44 (8%), in 29 (5%) it was irrelevant, and in 33 (6%) it was not possible to determine what role it had played. The remaining 430 (74%) patients were considered actually to have died from tuberculosis, 307 from active disease and 123 from the late effects of inactive disease. If all 578 patients had died from tuberculosis this would represent a death rate for the survey year of 13.1 per 100 000 of the population. The rate falls to 9.7 per 100 000 if based on the 430 patients considered by the assessor to have died from tuberculosis, a reduction of 26%. Since the annual death rate from active disease (6.9 per 100 000 in this survey) is a better index of the current efficiency of an antituberculosis programme than the total death rate, it is suggested that efforts should be made to obtain and publish separate annual rates for deaths from active and from inactive tuberculosis. An analysis of potentially avoidable delays and failures in diagnosis showed that these were mainly due to the patient's delay in seeking or accepting advice, or inadequate investigation, particularly failure to examine the sputum, by the unofficial (non governmental) medical services. The majority of failures in management were attributable in whole or in part to the patient. PMID- 7268919 TI - The adult respiratory distress syndrome associated with miliary tuberculosis. AB - Two patients with miliary tuberculosis developed the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The importance of recognising the association is stressed, since miliary tuberculosis is treatable. The diagnostic problems are discussed, with special reference to the success of transbronchial lung biopsy. PMID- 7268918 TI - The Mantoux test in tuberculosis: correlations between the diameters of the dermal responses and the serum protein levels. AB - The diameters of the skin-test response to tuberculin read at five different times differed markedly in their relationships to the serum levels of albumin, gamma globulin and other globulins and to the haemoglobin levels. The 48 hour response was the most affected by low albumin and haemoglobin levels, both of which were significantly associated with a history of decreasing weight and appetite. In view of strong evidence indicating that the 48 hour skin test response is a measure of an inappropriate, or even antagonistic, immune reaction in tuberculosis it is postulated that a reduction of this reaction under conditions of a low dietary intake of protein is not necessarily indicative of an impairment of the protective immune functions in this disease. PMID- 7268920 TI - How environmental mycobacteria may predetermine the protective efficacy of BCG. AB - A proposal is made that there are 2 mechanisms of cell mediated response to mycobacteria, both of which produce positive tuberculin tests and that one of them is more protective against mycobacterial infection than is the other. These are referred to respectively as the Listeria-type and the Koch-type of responses. Contact with environmental mycobacteria will induce one or other of these types of response and BCG vaccination will enhance it. Thus in those places where the environmental species prime for the Listeria-type of response subsequent BCG vaccination will afford good protection from both tuberculosis and leprosy. Where the Koch-type of response frequently results from environmental contact BCG will be ineffective. Evidence if presented that a large contact with Mycobacterium scrofulaceum is prejudicial to at least one marker of BCG efficacy in Burma. PMID- 7268921 TI - The effect of two distinct forms of cell-mediated response to mycobacteria on the protective efficacy of BCG. AB - The previous paper presents evidence that prior exposure to some environmental mycobacteria enhances the protective efficacy of BCG, whereas exposure to other species opposes it, and suggests that these different species act by evoking one of two types of cell-mediated response of different protective efficacy. This paper reviews past evidence for the existence of these two types of response, and suggests that both can be demonstrated in mice. The type of response evoked in mice by environmental species correlates with their effect on the efficacy of BCG in man, and with the type of proliferative response evoked in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by their soluble antigens in vitro. Preimmunisation of mice to give one type of response can block subsequent induction of the other. We therefore present a model, based on this principle, for the interaction of contact with environmental mycobacteria with subsequent BCG vaccination. PMID- 7268922 TI - Chemoprophylaxis for tuberculosis. PMID- 7268923 TI - The electron microscopic features of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy: a study of 11 cases. AB - Eleven cases of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) involving lymph nodes were studied electron microscopically. Histiocytes were the most conspicuous element of the infiltrate. They could be divided into small and large forms, although transitions were apparent among them. Most of the small histiocytes were located in the medullary cords. The large histiocytes were predominantly seen within sinuses and were subdivided into two types on the basis of their appearance. The most distinctive feature of these histiocytes was the presence of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils within their cytoplasm. Other cells present in the infiltrate were lymphocytes, plasma cells, and occasional neutrophils and mast cells. Blood vessels were prominent throughout. Virus particles, bacteria, and Langerhans' granules were consistently absent. No morphologic clues were provided by this study as to the etiology of this disorder. PMID- 7268924 TI - Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: an ultrastructural study of 10 cases. AB - Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid is an aggressive, rapidly fatal neoplasm that is generally believed to arise from the epithelium of the thyroid follicle. When differentiated carcinoma is not present, the diagnosis can be difficult and confusion with a sarcoma is frequently a problem. Ten anaplastic thyroid carcinomas have been examined by light and electron microscopy and compared with two biologically aggressive, solid follicular carcinomas. Ultrastructural study revealed evidence of epithelial differentiation in all the anaplastic carcinomas, confirming their origin from thyroid follicular cells. The study illustrates the value of electron microscopy in establishing the diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma and in differentiating it from sarcoma. PMID- 7268926 TI - The anal transitional zone: a scanning and transmission electron microscopic investigation of the surface epithelium. AB - The ultrastructure of the anal transitional zone (ATZ) is described by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The technique used permits histologic reexamination of the scanning electron microscopic biopsies. The surface of the ATZ shows, in addition to areas of normal colorectal mucosa and squamous epithelium, a characteristic picture: there are cells of varying size, arranged in a cobblestone pattern, and a surface covered with short microvilli that tend to form rows, indicating beginning microridge formation. This corresponds histologically to the so-called ATZ epithelium, and it is suggested that this might be metaplastic squamous epithelium rather than urothelium. The deepest part of the epithelium contains endocrinelike cells with granules of at least two types. PMID- 7268925 TI - IgA nephropathy: an ultrastructural study. AB - From a series of 333 renal biopsies examined by immunofluorescence microscopy, 231 specimens corresponded to primary glomerulonephritis unassociated with systemic diseases. Of those 231 biopsies, 39 had diffuse mesangial deposits of IgA (16.8%). Thirty cases of IgA nephropathy had one to several glomeruli in the Epon-embedded tissue. All cases showed mild to moderate increase of mesangial cells and matrix. Mesangial deposits were present in all cases; subendothelial (5/30), intramembranous (3/30), and subepithelial (10/30) deposits wee also found. Occasional dense granular deposits involved the basement membrane of the capsule of Bowman (1/30) and the subendothelial region of some extraglomerular arterioles (2/30). Thinning (6/30) and splitting (4/30) of the glomerular lamina densa appeared focally in some cases. PMID- 7268927 TI - A simple method for the collection of cells from cerebrospinal fluid for electron microscopy. AB - A simple membrane filter technique permits the collection of cells from cerebrospinal fluid for electron microscopy. The method is universally applicable for the concentration of small number of cells from free-floating cell suspensions and has several advantages: (1) Only a small fluid sample (1 ml) is needed. (2) Excellent cell preservation is obtainable. (3) High cell recovery rates are achieved. (4) Quantitative classification of cell types is possible. PMID- 7268928 TI - Retroperitoneal tumor with liver metastases in a 38-year-old female. PMID- 7268929 TI - Parallel recording of electron energy loss spectra. AB - Two silicon photo diode array devices were tested as parallel recording detectors for electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS). The direct bombardment of a Reticon photodiode array detector with high energy electrons (80 keV) causes an irreversible increase in diode dark current. The dark current saturates the detector amplifier after a dose of 10(-6) C/diode making it unsuitable for EELS. A scintillator coupled SIT vidicon is sensitive enough to count two high energy electrons with a spatial resolution of 100 micrometers, corresponding to 5 eV energy resolution with the electron optical system described. The large pixel-to pixel gain variation inherent in the scintillator and vidicon can be reduced by averaging the spectrum over a large area of the target perpendicular to the dispersion direction. The L-edge of calcium for a 4 X 10(-3) weight fraction concentration biological specimen is observable in a 40 s parallel recorded spectrum. The minimum detectable concentration of calcium is estimated to be ten times better for ELLS than EDS X-ray analysis. PMID- 7268930 TI - Use of multivariate statistics in analysing the images of biological macromolecules. AB - We have developed a new technique of analysis that allows automatic classification of molecule images according to subtle differences. Computer alignment and multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze electron micrographic images of horseshoe crab hemocyanin half-molecules. The molecule projections fell into four distinct classes related to four different positions of the molecule on the grid. Averages obtained for each images subset are interpreted in terms of a three-dimensional model arrangement for the four subunits forming the half-molecule. PMID- 7268931 TI - Ultrasound breast imaging-the method of choice for examining the young patient. PMID- 7268932 TI - Visualization of the fourth ventricle in A-scan and B-scan echoencephalography. PMID- 7268933 TI - Effects of pulsed ultrasound on ocular tissue. PMID- 7268934 TI - The effects of ultrasound in vivo on mouse liver in contact with an aqueous coupling medium. PMID- 7268935 TI - Depression of phagocytosis by ultrasound. PMID- 7268936 TI - Design of ultrasound transducers using new piezoelectric ceramic materials. PMID- 7268937 TI - Electric excitation of ultrasound transducers for short pulse generation. PMID- 7268938 TI - Exact evaluation of an ultrasonic scattering formula for a rigid immovable sphere. PMID- 7268939 TI - Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on rat atrial muscle. AB - Muscle preparations from rat atria were hydraulically compressed in circulating Tris-buffered solution kept at 37 degrees C. Spontaneously beating preparations decreased their beating frequency with 37.3 +/- 13.5 beats/min (22.3% +/- 6.7%, P less than 0.001) and increased their force with 2.3 +/- 1.1 mN (48.6% +/- 17.5%, P less than 0.001) when they were compressed to 10 MPa (100 atm). Decompression gave values not significantly different from precompression control values. The increase in force could in part be explained by the hyperbaric bradycardia and negative force-frequency relation. The remaining force increase seemed to be an effect of the increase in hydrostatic pressure. Changes in action potential duration and Ca2+ availability for the contractile machinery are discussed as possible mechanisms. Electrically driven preparations increased their contraction force at compression if the stimulus strength was at least 175% of the threshold. At lower stimulus levels just above threshold and at higher frequencies, inconsistent results were obtained at pressure. PMID- 7268940 TI - Interactions of thiopentone, light mineral oil, and pressure at frog sciatic nerve. AB - Combinations of thiopentone, light mineral oil, and pressure to as much as 160 ATA were applied to the isolated, thermostated (18 degrees C) frog sciatic nerve. Amplitude and rise rate of the compound action potential were examined and compared to the response in Ringer's solution. Immersion in mineral oil caused no change in the response. Pressure, whether applied by helium or after immersion in mineral oil, caused mainly reversible slowing of the response, as did thiopentone by itself, up to at least 5.1 mM. Thiopentone (3.2mM) and helium pressure up to 114 ATA were reversibly synergistic, in that the response was markedly slowed and reduced. Nerves that had been immersed in 3.2 mM thiopentone were placed in mineral oil; this procedure caused a reduction in the size of the response. Application of pressure then eliminated the response, and decompression did not lead to its recovery until the nerve was repeatedly rinsed in Ringer's solution. The findings question the inertness of mineral oil to excitable membranes and indicate that caution should be exercised in its use as a compression medium. PMID- 7268941 TI - A system for pharmacological studies in small animals at high pressure. AB - A four-liter pressure chamber was constructed for pharmacological experiments in rats; it consisted of the following: 1) a system for repeated, accurate injection; 2) an alternative single-dose injection system; 3) a system for direct blood sampling to the outside. The injection and sampling systems were tested for possible drug adsorption at 71 ATA. The accuracy of drug concentration measurements in samples collected through the sampling system at pressure was found to be satisfactory. PMID- 7268942 TI - Control of HPNS in humans during rapid compression with trimix to 650 m (2131 ft). AB - In 1978 a series of deep trimix (He-N2-O2) dives was initiated to establish the relationship between a given nitrogen percentage and the rate of compression required to prevent the high pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS) at 460 m (1509 ft) and to determine the effects of inspired gas density, hydrostatic pressure, and narcosis o various circulatory and respiratory parameter, including the presence of dyspnea. In 1979, three human subjects were compressed to 460 m in 12 h 20 min with 5% N2 in He-O2. This resulted in nausea, vomiting, fatigue, tremors, and other signs and symptoms of HPNS that were especially prominent on arrival at that depth but had much improved by Day 2. In March 1980 the same profile was repeated but with 10% N2 in He-O2. The divers arrived at 460 m with virtually no symptoms of HPNS, but the psychometric performance, as for Atlantis I, still was decreased by some 40% on Day 1 and recovered to some 15% by Day 2. After 5-6 days at 460 m further extension of the dive to 650 m (2132 ft) with a 7.7% N2 mixture for 24 h showed similar control of symptoms of HPNS, although inspiratory resting dyspnea was present in one subject. The results are discussed in relation to the interactions of nitrogen percentage and rate of compression. PMID- 7268943 TI - [Microbiological and histological examination of concentration of clindamycin in sound, infected and sequestrated bone in 41 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268944 TI - [Traumatic thrombosis of the arteria carotis after seat-belt injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268945 TI - [Acute subdural haematoma due to arterial bleeding (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268946 TI - [Changes in, and substitution of serum-albumin after trauma and shock (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268947 TI - [A method of approach to the hip-joint for cup-arthroplasty and synovectomy by dislocating the femoral head without dissecting the abductor muscles (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268948 TI - [Results of percutaneous screw-fixation of fresh scaphoid-fractures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268949 TI - [Prognosis and treatment of spinal fractures in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268950 TI - [Treatment of subcutaneous ruptures of extensor tendons of the fingers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268951 TI - [Osteosynthesis of the clavicle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268952 TI - [Diagnosis of haemarthrosis in fresh traumatic injuries of the knee-joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268953 TI - [Hypoplasia of the tuberositas tibiae. A frequent radiological sign for chondropathia patellae? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268955 TI - [Vibrations of the macerated human skull studied by time-average holography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268954 TI - [Theoretical basis and animal experiments to demonstrate a new method of bone wiring (cerclage) using a diffraction-free-wire-fixation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268957 TI - Advances in renal lithiasis. PMID- 7268956 TI - [The influence of thrombo-prophylaxis including anticoagulants, on the fracture healing time. 2nd 4-years report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7268958 TI - Hyperuricosuria and calcium nephrolithiasis. PMID- 7268960 TI - Practical outpatient evaluation for recurrent nephrolithiasis. PMID- 7268959 TI - The spectrum and pathogenesis of hypercalciuria. PMID- 7268961 TI - Evaluation and management of infection stones. AB - In summary, all patients with infection stones should undergo a preoperative diagnostic evaluation in order to identify any underlying metabolic abnormalities. All organisms infecting the urinary tract should be identified and appropriate antibacterial therapy instituted 48 to 72 hours preoperatively. Surgery should be undertaken not only to remove all stones but to correct any anatomic abnormalities within the kidney in order to improve urinary drainage and to diminish urinary stasis and infection. Postoperatively, all recurrent urinary tract infections should be treated vigorously. Continual efforts should be made to maintain a sterile urinary tract. All identified metabolic abnormalities will require appropriate treatment. PMID- 7268962 TI - Endoscopic and percutaneous manipulation in stone disease. PMID- 7268963 TI - The practical use of ultrasound as an adjunct to renal calculous surgery. AB - Removal of small stones and stone fragments from the kidney is difficult and can be an extremely frustrating experience for the surgeon. The major difficulty is the precise localization of the stone within the pelvicalyceal system. Conventional probing of individual calyces is unreliable, even with optimal exposure and direct visualization of the infundibula, using the extended pyelotomy technique. Intraoperative radiographic techniques can be use reliably to detect small stones and fragments. However, such two-dimensional localization limits their effectiveness. Radiographic methods are also cumbersome and require 10 to 15 minutes for each film. Ultrasonography is repeatable and noninvasive. It is a complementary study that offers precise, three-dimensional localization. PMID- 7268964 TI - Hyperoxaluria and stone disease in the gastrointestinal bypass patient. PMID- 7268965 TI - Technique of radical cystectomy. PMID- 7268966 TI - [Determination of the x-ray contrast substance clearance in excretory urography in children]. PMID- 7268967 TI - [Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical picture of disturbances of the vesicourethral patency in children]. PMID- 7268968 TI - [Postradiation urogenital fistulae in women]. PMID- 7268969 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of kidney injury]. PMID- 7268970 TI - [Therapeutic irrigation of the urinary tract with an ionized silver solution in urologic diseases of children]. PMID- 7268971 TI - [Computerized axial roentgenotomography in the diagnosis of space-occupying masses in the kidneys]. PMID- 7268972 TI - [Extensive and organ-preserving operations for kidney cancer]. PMID- 7268973 TI - [Anti-ischemic inosine protection during extracorporeal kidney operations (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7268974 TI - [Effect of kurantil on renal hemodynamics]. PMID- 7268975 TI - [Effect of nicotinic acid and miskleron on the lipid spectrum in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7268976 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7268977 TI - [Dilution function and natriuresis in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7268978 TI - [Spontaneous urine penetration from the upper urinary tract into the surrounding tissues during renal colic]. PMID- 7268981 TI - [Achievements and tasks of Soviet urology and nephrology (results of the 26th Congress of the CPSU)]. PMID- 7268979 TI - [Clinical, biochemical and morphological characteristics of secondary stone formation in children with congenital organic anomalies of the urinary tract]. PMID- 7268980 TI - [Treatment of prostate cancer]. PMID- 7268982 TI - [Hypoplasia of the kidney and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7268983 TI - [Significance of free amino acids in the sperm in male sterility]. PMID- 7268984 TI - [Pathogenesis of pyelonephritis in pregnant women and n puerperium]. PMID- 7268985 TI - [Mechanisms of the change in the spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymatic activity in acute pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7268986 TI - [Transurethral trocar cystostomy]. PMID- 7268987 TI - [Thermographic study of the kidney during extracorporeal operations (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7268988 TI - [Renogastric fistula in renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7268989 TI - [Abscess of the lesser pelvis opening into the bladder]. PMID- 7268990 TI - Demonstration, importance, and origin of renal varices. PMID- 7268991 TI - Traumatic laceration of the kidney in children with supernumerary renal arteries. PMID- 7268992 TI - Angiographic nephrectomy as a nonsurgical treatment of ureteral fistulas. PMID- 7268993 TI - Air-containing urinoma: an unusual complication associated with pyelolithotomy. PMID- 7268994 TI - Benign clear cell tumor of the lung: a cautionary tale. PMID- 7268995 TI - Vena cava duplication -- anomaly simulating neoplastic renal vein involvement. PMID- 7268996 TI - Pyelosinus backflow: a case with an unusual pyelographic appearance. PMID- 7268997 TI - Seminal vesicle cyst associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis: a case report. PMID- 7268998 TI - Is urinary cholesterol determination a possible screening test for urological carcinomas? AB - It has been suggested that the determination of urinary cholesterol may be of possible value in the diagnosis of urogenital carcinomas, especially of the prostate, kidney and bladder, but it has not proven whether this method could be used as a screening test in large numbers of patients. 430 males and 545 females over 50 years old were selected for the study. Total urinary cholesterol values exceeding the upper 3 SD limit of 5. 1 mg/24 h (regarded as positive results) were present in 13 males (3%) and 9 females (1.6%). Besides benign diseases of the kidney and the urogenital tract, 2 carcinomas of the bladder and 1 carcinoma of the kidney were detected in the male group with elevated urinary cholesterol excretion. In view of the expensive methodology and most importantly because of the low prevalence of urological carcinomas in unselected populations this method cannot be recommended as a primary screening test. This does not exclude the possibility that urinary total cholesterol determinations could be successfully applied in preselected populations with an increased prevalence of urological carcinomas. PMID- 7268999 TI - The diagnostic and prognostic value of urinary polyamine measurement in bladder cancer. AB - This study concerns a group of 54 patients with bladder cancer aged from 51 to 80 years (50 males, 4 females). Polyamines (putrescine -PU, spermidine - SPD) were measured on 24 h urine collections prior to surgery by an automatic ion exchange analyzer. Both polyamines, and especially PU, correlated well with the degree of tumor infiltration (JEWETT - MARSHALL stage) and mitotic activity (BROD -ER'S grade). Retrospectively, 28 patients for whom follow-up after surgery was 6 months to one year were classified into two groups: R+ (21) patients with disease recurrence or progression, and R0 (8) patients remaining tumour free. Twenty patients with high preoperative PU levels were in the R+ group. By contrast, 6 patients with normal preoperative PU levels were in the R0 group. PMID- 7269000 TI - Endoscopic application of the Nd: YAG laser in urology; theory, results, dosimetry. AB - We present the results of experimental and theoretical investigations on the interaction of Nd; YAG laser light with biological tissue in general, and with the bladder in particular. A comparison is made between the thermal effects achieved with this laser and those of the argon and CO2 types. A therapeutically safe yet effective dosage for the endoscopic treatment of bladder tumours with the Nd; YAG laser is given. The operating techniques are described along with the first clinical results. PMID- 7269001 TI - Effect of dopamine on renal haemodynamics in the denervated dog kidney. PMID- 7269002 TI - Aspects of the influence of magnesium ions on the formation of calcium oxalate. AB - The influence of magnesium ions on the solubility and formation of calcium oxalate was studied. Both calcium oxalate mineral constituents of urinary calculi (whewellite and weddellite) were prepared in the presence of Mg2+ions. For preparation, a gel growth technique and precipitation in aqueous solutions were used. The metastable weddellite formed only when Mg2+ concentration, reaction, temperature and precipitation velocity (see text) were combined in the proper way. It is concluded that mg2+ions may induce an increase of solubility of calcium oxalate but in contrast also broaden the Ostwald Miers range, thus favouring the formation of larger crystals. PMID- 7269004 TI - Arterial and pedicle occlusion in the hypothermic pig kidney. AB - Previous laboratory investigation has indicated that during induction of ischaemia the renal artery should be occluded in preference to the whole pedicle. However, in clinical practice the distinction between these may have only a trivial bearing on subsequent renal function compared with the effect of surgery on the parenchyma. The present work was designed to investigate the effects of pedicle and arterial occlusion on the pig kidney after 90 min of hypothermic ischaemia. However, 2 other groups having nephrotomy were also included to give the study more clinical relevance. The results showed that the combination of nephrotomy and pedicle occlusion gave a significant rise in plasma creatinine in the first 48 h post-operatively compared with the other groups. However, there was no difference between the 4 groups after 8 days and 28 days. Histology of the kidneys removed after 28 days showed comparatively minor changes in terms of glomerular and tubular structural abnormality. Furthermore the vasculature was well preserved though an inflammatory infiltrate was usually found. Semi quantitative analysis of these changes showed that, paradoxically, they were generally less severe with pedicle than arterial occlusion. Another surprising result of this analysis was that the addition of nephrotomy appeared to be beneficial. PMID- 7269003 TI - Cystine crystalluria and urinary saturation in cystine and non-cystine stone formers. AB - It has been suggested recently that the first step in the formation of calcium oxalate stones appears to be crystallisation. This step is said to depend on the state of saturation of the urine. This hypothesis was checked in cystine stone formers. Cystine crystalluria was found in 83% of 24 urine samples from cystine stone formers (CSF) but in one of the 400 control samples and appears to be a good guide in the diagnosis of cystine lithiasis. Urinary cystine saturation was constantly higher in CSF than in non-cystine stone formers (NCSF) who exhibited undersaturated urine with respect to cystine. There was almost no overlap between these 2 groups. Crystals were never found in undersaturated urine and were always present when the saturation was above 1. There appears to be a good correlation between the level of urinary saturation and the presence of crystalluria and there is no need for any additional factor such as a defective inhibitor. The study underlines the limits of a therapeutic regimen of a high fluid intake and alkalinisation of the urine. PMID- 7269005 TI - Experimental data on the application of a stoma prosthesis in cutaneous ureterostomy. AB - The main problem with urinary diversion via cutaneous ureterostomy is stomal stenosis. Results with experimental and clinical implants of carbon polymer stoma prostheses (max. clinical observation period: 31 months) for vesicostomies have encouraged us to find out whether implants of this material would be suitable for cutaneous ureterostomies as well. The first step was dilation of the ureters in 16 mongrel dogs, 4 mini pigs and 4 sheep. This was done by knotting a thread over a splint which had been introduced into the ureter. After 7 days the ureter was ligated prevesically and a carbon polymer stoma was implanted into the ureter. 37 of the 48 stoma implants were well tolerated and provided water tight urinary drainage; slight encrustation occurred, but, radiologically, a smooth flow of contrast medium was seen. Ten of these 37 cases had transient urinary leakage. Eleven of the 48 stoma implants were unsuccessful because of insufficient healing, urinary extravasation, parastomal inflammation or severe encrustations. The results of these experiments on animals would seem to justify initial clinical use. It is conceiveable that this way stomal stenosis of the cutaneous ureterostomy can be avoided. PMID- 7269006 TI - Ureteric displacement into a silicone cover as protection from an induced retroperitoneal fibrosis: a preliminary report of experiments in rats. AB - At present, the "therapy of choice" for patients presenting retroperitoneal fibrosis is uretrolysis with intraperitoneal transposition. This procedure, however, leaves the upper and lower part of the ureter vulnerable to recurrent fibrotic stricture since these portions still remain within the retroperitoneal space. In order to protect the ureter in its entire length from aggressive fibrosis an alloplastic cover might offer a better alternative. Following experimental induction of retroperitoneal fibrosis by phenol-mandelic acid in rats the entire ureter was displaced into a silicone envelope. Under the operating microscope the silicone sheath was closed around the renal pedicale by separate sutures of 8-0 prolene. The upper and lateral sealing of this pouch was done by continous sutres and the lower opening of this silicone envelope was fixed to the bladder wall. Progressive retroperitoneal fibrosis caused anterior displacement of the silicone pouch but neither a fibrotic infiltration into this coner nor ureteral stenosis was noted. Histological investigation of these animals in comparison with the control group showed effective protection by the silicone cover. Long-term results of experiments in larger animals well show whether thie procedure might be applied clinically. PMID- 7269007 TI - 24 hour-monitoring of patients with bladder voiding disturbances. AB - A system was developed and built for recording and processing urodynamic measurements during a 24 h period. The essential requirement was to obtain these signals without psychological stress. The system was small enough to allow the patient to move freely. Semiconductor pressure transducers were employed for measuring total bladder and rectal pressures and detrusor pressure was obtained by subtraction. Results gained with this method revealed some differences to those obtained with conventional methods. PMID- 7269008 TI - Stereological analysis of the dog prostate (analytical model). PMID- 7269009 TI - Percutaneous kidney biopsies. Complications and their management. AB - Six hundred thirty-two percutaneous renal biopsies were performed in 479 patients between 1965 and 1978. Complications occurred with 86 biopsies, an incidence of 8.5 per cent. Most complications (seventy-six of eighty-six) were minor, and either resolved spontaneously or did not require intervention. There were ten major complications, including 6 patients with gross hematuria requiring blood transfusions, 3 with hemorrhage treated with arterial embolization, and 1 with a symptomatic arteriovenous fistula that was treated with partial nephrectomy. Major complications of percutaneous renal biopsy and the modes of therapy are discussed. PMID- 7269010 TI - Calculus disease of upper urinary tract in San Francisco Chinese. AB - Acute calculus disease of the upper urinary tract was studied retrospectively (1974-1978) in San Francisco Chinese and Caucasians. The Chinese population of San Francisco represents approximately 10 per cent of the total population. Yet the incidence of upper tract calculus among Chinese was found to be about twice that among Caucasians (as judged by admission at three major hospitals, one of them with Chinese patients only). The stones which develop in Chinese people are predominantly of mixed calcium and uric acid (45 per cent) and pure uric acid (15 per cent). This finding suggests that the origin of recurrent calculus disease is related to high intake of purines inherent in the Chinese diet, inducing hyperuricosuria. PMID- 7269011 TI - Hemiacidrin irrigations to dissolve stone remnants after nephrolithotomy. Problems with solution flow. AB - Following surgery for branched renal calculi, hemiacidrin irrigation may be useful to dissolve any residual stones. Struvite, the mineral in these stones, is itself an alkaline buffer and can raise the pH of the irrigating solution rendering it ineffective. Large volumes of hemiacidrin must reach the stone remnants or they are unlikely to dissolve. Two cases are described in which creative positioning of the patient or the irrigation catheters was necessary to permit adequate amounts of hemiacidrin to reach and dissolve stone remnants. PMID- 7269012 TI - Primary nonfunctioning adrenal tumors in adults. AB - During the past ten years, 18 nonfunctioning adrenal tumors have been removed. The significance of these lesions may be unknown to the urologist because reported cases and series are few and pathologic possibilities are numerous. The significant percentage of carcinoma is demonstrated in this series. Presentation, workup, pathology, and operative approaches are discussed. PMID- 7269013 TI - Stage A prostate cancer from pathologist's viewpoint. AB - Four hundred sixty-five departments of pathology in the United States were asked the following questions pertaining to Stage A prostatic cancer: (1) If a focus of adenocarcinoma is incidentally found in an enucleated specimen, what is the maximum diameter such a lesion may attain and still be considered an A-1 prostatic carcinoma? (2) If adenocarcinoma is incidentally found in a specimen resected transurethrally, how many chips may contain tumor and the lesion still be considered A-1 prostatic carcinoma? (3) What is your "routine pathologic examination" of a prostatic specimen? The majority of pathologists believe that the maximum diameter of a focal (A-1) lesion in an enucleated specimen is 5 mm., and the maximum number of transurethral chips containing tumor in a focal (A-1) lesion is three. The majority of pathologists section every chip when the specimen weighs less than 10 Gm. However, only 12 per cent of the pathologists section every chip when the specimen is greater than 10 Gm., while the others use a random section technique. There is a great diversity of techniques among pathologists in their methods of examining enucleated prostatic specimens. PMID- 7269014 TI - Response of lymph node metastasis to sequential estrogen and radiation therapy in prostate carcinoma. AB - Increasingly sophisticated diagnostic studies have shown a high incidence of tumor spread to the regional lymph nodes. The status of the lymph nodes has been evaluated by noninvasive diagnostic procedures such as lymphangiography and computerized axial tomography. The applicability of these procedures has been enhanced by the use of stringent criteria. Gross lymph node metastasis can be diagnosed with considerable confidence. Serial observations of lymphangiograms and computerized axial tomograms before and two months after the administration of estrogens provide an added dimension to the interpretation of lymph node metastasis. The nature and range of the response of lymph node metastasis were observed. Survival of patients with gross lymph node metastasis treated by sequential estrogen and radiation therapy was evaluated. A total of 11/18 (61 per cent) of patients remained free of symptoms, 8/11 (74 per cent) with a favorable lymph node metastasis responsive to estrogen therapy, and 3/7 (42 per cent) with lymph node metastasis refractory to estrogen therapy. Follow-up computerized axial tomograms of the lymph nodes done at one and two years after irradiation showed a persistent favorable response. Five patients are alive with disease, and 2 patients died of the disease. PMID- 7269015 TI - Busulfan-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. AB - A case of a busulfan-induced hemorrhage cystitis is reported. Spontaneous resolution occurred following cessation of the drug. The similarity between the histologic appearances of busulfan cystitis and both radiation and cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis is discussed and the world literature reviewed. In view of the known tendency of busulfan to induce cellular atypia and carcinoma in other sites, periodic urinary cytology is suggested in patients on long-term therapy. PMID- 7269016 TI - Bacteremia and bacteriuria after transrectal prostatic biopsy. AB - To determine the efficacy of parenteral gentamicin versus povidone-iodine enema (P.I.E.) in preventing infectious complications, a randomized study was undertaken in 40 patients undergoing transrectal needle prostatic biopsy. In 69 per cent of patients not receiving P.I.E. bacteremia developed, and 32 per cent acquired bacteriuria; whereas only 19 per cent of patients given P.I.E. alone or in combination with gentamicin because bacteremic, and 9.5 per cent had postbiopsy bacteriuria. Thus, P.I.E. provided a safe and effective means for preventing most bacteremia and bacteriuria associated with transrectal biopsy of the prostate. PMID- 7269017 TI - Carcinoma of penis. Review of cases treated by surgery and radiation therapy 1960 1977. AB - Cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis treated by surgery and radiation therapy at Moffitt Hospital, University of California, and Mount Zion Hospital and Medical Center are reviewed. Only cases followed for more than three years or with autopsy findings are presented. For the primary lesion, over-all surgical control rate locally was 15/17 or 88 per cent. Over-all control rate with radiation therapy alone was 9/12 (75 per cent), and with surgical salvage 11/12 (92 per cent). Radiation therapy appears to be the treatment of choice for early stage lesions, reserving surgery for salvage. Prophylactic ilioinguinal lymph node dissection for N0 lesions is not warranted. The role of chemotherapy needs further investigation. PMID- 7269018 TI - Urethral discharge, constipation, and hemorrhoids. New syndrome with report of 7 cases. AB - A new syndrome in which 7 cases share common clinical features of urethral discharge only at defecation, constipation, and hemorrhoids is reported. The discharge occurred only with constipation. The relationship between urethral discharge, constipation, and hemorrhoids is discussed. The concept that hemorrhoids lead to prostatic venous congestion is put forward. The urethral discharge at defecation seems to be the result of "milking" of the congested prostate by the hard stools. The mechanism of fecal and urinary "milking" of the prostate is discussed. The role of the congested prostate in infertilogenesis is presented. It seems that metabolic accumulation in the prostatic, vesicular, and ampullary secretions affected the spermatogenic activity as it similarly does in varicocele. Permanent disappearance of urethral discharge and improvement of semen quality were achieved on anoprostatic decongestion by medical treatment, hemorrhoid injection, or hemorrhoidectomy. The syndrome of prostatorrhea, constipation, and hemorrhoids should be considered in patients with idiopathic urethral discharge and in infertile patients. PMID- 7269019 TI - Absorption of doxorubicin hydrochloride during bladder washings in treatment of noninvasive bladder tumors. AB - The absorption of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) in or through the urothelium has been determined as the difference between the instilled amount and the amount recovered after complete drainage of the bladder in 9 patients suffering from superficial urinary bladder tumors (grade I-II). A total of 22 absorption experiments were done. The relative deficit was found to be between 0 and 16 per cent (median 4 per cent). One of the reasons for the variations in the relative deficit was probably intravesical bleedings. One hundred seventy-two mumol. (100 mg.) doxorubicin was dissolved in 100 ml. isotonic saline, and the instilled liquid was retained in the bladder for one hour. No patient showed any sign of systemic side effects caused by doxorubicin. The results seem to indicate that it is possible to use a dose for intravesical instillation which is five times as high as the maximum dose for intravenous administration. PMID- 7269020 TI - Renal venography in diagnosis of infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis. AB - Urologic evaluation of a ninety-two-year-old man with hematuria suggested lower segmental renal infarction on selective renal angiogram. Nonvisualization of the lower segmental venous tributaries and capillaries on renal venogram was consistent with the operative findings of microscopic infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma. The use of renal venography in these tumors is suggested. PMID- 7269021 TI - Papillary carcinoma of rete testis. AB - A case of a rare papillary adenocarcinoma of the rete testis (epididymis) with a solitary metastasis to a periaortic lymph node is reported. The favorable outcome over a three and one-third-year period after radical orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy has been observed. We believe this is the first report of such a tumor being treated with lymphadenectomy. PMID- 7269022 TI - Pneumoscrotum after colonoscopy. AB - A case of pneumoscrotum after colonoscopy is reported. The patient recovered uneventfully with careful observation. This complication ws the result of perforation of retroperitoneal bowel by the colonoscope. As such, prophylactic antimicrobial therapy may be indicated. PMID- 7269023 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of renal vein and inferior vena cava. AB - A case of leiomyosarcoma of the right renal vein and inferior vena cava causing total obstruction of the vena cava is reported. This rare condition was treated successfully after two previous operations had deemed it unresectable. Treatment consisted of a right nephrectomy and resection of the vena cava and ligation of the left renal vein. Because of the slow growth of the well-differentiated leiomyosarcoma, there was no problem with venous return from the left kidney, and the patient recovered promptly without evidence of renal function impairment. Postoperatively, she received chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and vincristine. She is well and free of tumor over four years postoperatively. The good result, in this case, is attributed to complete surgical excision and multimodal therapy. PMID- 7269024 TI - Nitrofurantoin-induced granulomatous hepatitis. AB - Nitrofurantoin has been described as a cause of both hepatocellular cholestatic hepatic injury. A case report of a patient in whom granulomatous hepatitis developed attributed to nitrofurantoin is given. PMID- 7269025 TI - Modified suction apparatus for microsurgery. PMID- 7269026 TI - Transposition of polar vessels of kidney using lyophilized human dura. PMID- 7269027 TI - Carcinosarcoma of urinary bladder. AB - The case of an eighty-two-year-old man with carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder is presented. Morphologically, coexistence of two elements, transitional cell carcinoma and proliferation of spindle-shaped cells, is demonstrated, between which the transition is observed. The literature is reviewed, and the histogenesis of the sarcomatous element is discussed. PMID- 7269028 TI - Case profile: communicating multilocular cyst of kidney. PMID- 7269029 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of fetal urinary tract abnormalities by ultrasound. AB - The prenatal detection of renal enlargement and sonolucent "cystic" lesions in 4 fetal abdomens by ultrasound is described. These were later proved to be congenital urinary tract anomalies. Only one of the other 4,628 mothers who had ultrasound gave birth to a child with a congenital urinary tract anomaly that was missed, and 1 fetus was falsely diagnosed as having a congenital urinary tract anomaly based on the ultrasound. Obstruction in the developing urinary tract is associated with renal dysplasia and insufficiency. More experience and improved ultrasonography may enable an accurate diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction; and early relief of the obstruction may be a possible method of management to minimize the renal damage. PMID- 7269030 TI - Ureteropelvic junction obstruction secondary to vesicoureteral reflux. Later complication after successful vesicoureteral reimplant. AB - Five cases of post-ureteroneocystostomy with ureteropelvic obstruction are presented. The importance of a careful uroradiologic evaluation before surgery for vesicoureteral reflux is discussed in order to avoid failure to recognize ureteropelvic obstruction that may also require surgery. PMID- 7269031 TI - Continuous monitoring of bladder and urethral pressures: new technique. AB - A new technique for continuous monitoring of intravesical and intraurethral pressures was developed and utilized in a group of male patients to overcome the disadvantages associated with previously employed liquid and air-coupled systems. This technique permitted recording under physiologic conditions and provided information on a continuous basis concerning changes in the intravesical and intraurethral pressures in patients with multiple urologic symptoms. With further modifications this technique promises to further our understanding of the dynamics of the lower urinary tract under various conditions of stress. PMID- 7269034 TI - Suprapubic cystostomies. PMID- 7269033 TI - Randomized study of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7269032 TI - Vesicourethral smooth muscle: function and relation to structure. AB - The effects of acetylcholine and norepinephrine on the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle strips from the rabbit bladder body, bladder base, and proximal urethra have been studied and compared. Based on the functional responses that were obtained, it was concluded that the vesicourethral structure can consist of three muscular systems. One system consists of the acetylcholine sensitive detrusor, the deep bladder base, and the longitudinal smooth muscle layer of the urethra. The second muscle system comprises the norepinephrine-sensitive detrusor muscle, the superficial bladder base, the bladder neck, and part of the longitudinal urethral smooth muscle. The third muscle system is the circular urethral musculature, unrelated to the detrusor circular muscle. PMID- 7269035 TI - [Influence of the interaction of sound and vibration sensitivity on the masking effect]. PMID- 7269037 TI - [Reconstructive operations on the middle ear using allografts]. PMID- 7269036 TI - [Characteristics of hearing disorders in hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7269038 TI - [Tympanoplasty variant in extensive defect of the sound-conducting system in chronic otitis media]. PMID- 7269039 TI - [Changes in the serum lipid spectrum in Meniere's disease during a standard glucose tolerance test]. PMID- 7269041 TI - [Rheoencephalography in the clinical examination of otogenic intracranial complications]. PMID- 7269040 TI - [Intracranial section of the vestibular portion of the VIII nerve in severe peripheral vertigo not amenable to other types of conservative and surgical treatment]. PMID- 7269042 TI - [Modern classification aspects of allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 7269043 TI - [Detection of the initial form of occupational hearing loss]. PMID- 7269044 TI - [Pathogenesis of nasal hemorrhages not related to blood system diseases in children]. PMID- 7269045 TI - [Use of formalinized cartilage allografts in rhinoplasty]. PMID- 7269046 TI - [Cryosurgery in diseases of the pharynx and larynx]. PMID- 7269047 TI - [Incidence of scleroma of the respiratory tract and methods for its diagnosis]. PMID- 7269048 TI - [Immunoglobulin concentration in the palatine tonsils of healthy persons and in patients with primary and recurrent angina]. PMID- 7269049 TI - [Fibrinolysis components in the saliva in chronic tonsillitis]. PMID- 7269050 TI - [Early diagnosis and surgical treatment of ear tumors]. PMID- 7269051 TI - [Assessment of the radiosensitivity of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 7269052 TI - [Comparative evaluation of surgical wound healing in laryngeal cancer patients after gamma and electron therapy]. PMID- 7269053 TI - [Laryngotracheal prostheses]. PMID- 7269054 TI - [Enclosed laryngotracheal probe]. PMID- 7269055 TI - [2 cases of pigment-free laryngeal melanoma]. PMID- 7269057 TI - [Homeostatic changes in burn patients treated by a laminar flow of sterile heated air]. AB - Under observation were 102 burned patients with different degrees of injuries treated under conditions of the laminar flow of sterile air without dressing. The results obtained were compared with those obtained in the similar group of patients treated by a traditional dressing method. The abacterial medium with controlled humidity and temperature was established to exercise a favourable effect on homeostasis and such stages of the burn disease as shock and toxemia. PMID- 7269056 TI - [Combined intracranial complication in chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis]. PMID- 7269058 TI - [Late treatment results in acute injury to the blood vessels]. AB - The authors analyze the remote results (from 1 year to 12 years) of the treatment of 173 patients with damaged main vessels. Good results were obtained in 111 patients, satisfactory--in 54 and bad results in 8 patients. The follow-up observation and analysis of the remote results revealed a group of patients who needed rehabilitation treatment. The complex of rehabilitation measures enabled 92,5% of patients to return to their working activity. PMID- 7269060 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic abrasions of the skin]. PMID- 7269059 TI - [Total endoprosthesis of the hip joint]. AB - The authors analyse the results of operations for total endoprosthetics of the hip joint in 22 patients subjected earlier to different surgical interventions on the same joint. The observation period lasted from 6 months to 10 years. Good results were obtained in 86,41%, satisfactory--in 4,5% and unsatisfactory--in 9,09% of cases. The complex preparation of such patients before the operation, specific course of the operation itself and of the postoperative period are described. PMID- 7269061 TI - [Injuries to the major vessels during surgical operations]. PMID- 7269062 TI - [Treatment experience in acute lung abscess]. PMID- 7269063 TI - [Differential diagnosis of lipomas and accessory mammary gland lobules in the axillary area]. PMID- 7269064 TI - [Detection of multiple primary malignant tumors in outpatient practice]. AB - The author has studied the occurrence and types of primary-multiple malignant tumors met in the every-day work of the oncological consulting-room of the city hospital. The amount of primary-multiple tumors, the pattern of combinations of malignant lesions in the people subjected to dispensary examination and the efficacy of the prophylactic medical examination are analyzed for the period of 25 years. PMID- 7269065 TI - [Elastic glove-type device for preventing and treating edema of the upper extremity after mastectomy]. PMID- 7269066 TI - [Pulmonary blood flow in bronchiectasis patients before and after lung resection]. AB - The analysis of data obtained in the investigation of functions of the pulmonary blood flow in 44 patients prior to and following segmentary and combined resections of the lungs fulfilled for bronchiectasis has shown that almost all the patients with bronchiectasis have the disturbed hemodynamics of the small circulation circuit. The direct relation was shown between the duration of the disease, spread of the pathological process and the degree of lung hypertension. It has been found that a resection within the limits of 6 lung segments fails to exert a negative influence on hemodynamics of the small blood circulation circuit and allows prevention of progressing pulmonary hypertension in most of the patients. PMID- 7269067 TI - [Bacterial lesion and rupture of the aortopulmonary septum as a complication of sepsis]. PMID- 7269068 TI - [Blood alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the diagnosis of acute diseases of the abdominal cavity]. AB - The activity of the intestinal and hepatic fractions of the serum alkaline phosphatase was studied in 78 patients with acute diseases of organs of the abdominal cavity and in 20 practically healthy people. The character of changes in the activity of the isoenzymes can serve as a reliable evidence of the predominant localization, the degree of the disease and of the inflammatory destructive process, contributes to earlier recognition of acute disease of organs of the abdominal cavity. PMID- 7269069 TI - [Determination of the degree of peritonitis spread]. PMID- 7269070 TI - [Determination of the size of the peritoneal lesion in acute peritonitis]. PMID- 7269072 TI - [Prevention of generalized peritonitis in suture incompetence of the duodenal stump]. PMID- 7269071 TI - [Liver circulation based on rheohepatographic data in peritonitis]. AB - Under study were 66 children with diffuse purulent peritonitis of the appendicular genesis and 18 adults with bile peritonitis resulting from gangrenous cholecystitis. The analysis of their rheohepatograms showed sharply increased tone of hepatic arterioles, slower outflow of the venous blood, especially in the group of patients with bile peritonitis. Such changes were found to stay long and not to return to normality by the time of discharge of the patient from the hospital. Such patients should be purposefully treated in the polyclinics. PMID- 7269073 TI - [Clinical pathomorphology of the liver and gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer complications]. AB - Tests of the functional state of the liver and indices of the immuno-biological reactivity were studied in 193 patients with complicated forms of the ulcerous disease. The intravital morphological investigation of the liver and gastric mucosa tissues was performed. The correlative relations between the character of changes in the stomach and liver and processes of autoallergy were detected. The comparison of different parameters enabled most informative indices to be revealed. PMID- 7269074 TI - [Peptic ulcers after gastric resection]. PMID- 7269075 TI - [Surgical treatment of typhoid intestinal ulcer perforation]. PMID- 7269076 TI - [Choice of the method of closing a colostomy]. PMID- 7269077 TI - [Surgical procedure in Conn's syndrome with severe and malignant arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7269078 TI - [Hemodynamic characteristics of the lower extremities in nonspecific aorto arteritis before and after reconstructive operations]. PMID- 7269079 TI - [Reconstructive surgery in occlusive lesions of the femoral and popliteal arteries]. AB - The analysis of 306 reconstructive operations performed in 297 patients with occlusion lesions of the femoral and popliteal arteries was made. Remote results were observed as long as 11 years. The collateral shunting by synthetic prostheses was performed in 43 patients, endarterectomy--in 127 cases, autovenous transplantation--in 79 cases, and plasty of the profound artery of the femur--in 58 cases. The data obtained enabled the efficacy of different reconstructive operations on femoral and popliteal arteries to be assessed. The indications and contraindications for their fulfillment are determined. The causes of postoperative rethromboses are discussed. PMID- 7269080 TI - [Rare forms of lung cancer]. PMID- 7269081 TI - [Surgical treatment of the suppurative complications in plastic repair of the blood vessels]. PMID- 7269082 TI - [Effect of laser radiation on wound microflora]. AB - The clinico-laboratory investigation of the effect of the low-intensity monochromatic red light of laser upon certain types of the wound microflora has been carried out. It has been established that different duration of laser radiation (both single and repeated) fails to change the pathogenic properties of microbes, nor does it influence the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the growth of some cultures of microorganisms. PMID- 7269083 TI - [Closed method of treating suppurations]. PMID- 7269085 TI - [Peritoneal echinococcosis]. PMID- 7269084 TI - [Early morphological changes in acute hematogenic osteomyelitis]. AB - The early morphological picture of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis was studied. From the first hours of the disease vascular disorders of the bone marrow with secondary lesions of the Haversian and Volkmann's canals were noted. The development of necroses and bone marrow phlegmons were associated with the degree of the disturbance of the bone marrow vascular network and the age of the child. PMID- 7269086 TI - [Mesothelium of the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 7269087 TI - [Successful treatment of esophageal atresia]. PMID- 7269088 TI - [2 cases of torsion of the omentum major]. PMID- 7269089 TI - [Transverse incision in appendectomy]. PMID- 7269090 TI - [Blood immunological and biochemical indices in traumatic osteomyelitis of the mandible]. PMID- 7269091 TI - [Treatment procedure with the middle-aged and elderly having fractures of the long tubular bones of the lower extremities]. AB - The experience with the treatment of 202 patients older than 60 with fractures of long tubular bones of lower extremities is generalized. The operative intervention was fulfilled in 83 patients (41,1%), conservative treatment was conducted in 119 patients (58,9%). The problems of treatment of concomitant diseases and prophylaxis of complications are analyzed. Extra-articular osteosynthesis with the application of orientators and directing wires was performed in fractures of the femoral neck, the nail being driven in without decortication in the subtrochanterial area. The methods of treatment allowed to find wider indications for operations and reduce lethality. PMID- 7269092 TI - [Postoperative complications in the surgical treatment of fractures of the pelvic bones]. PMID- 7269093 TI - [Osteosynthesis technic in multiple rib fractures]. PMID- 7269094 TI - [Osteosynthesis with metal compression plates in fresh and ununited fractures, pseudarthroses and bone defects of the forearm]. AB - Osteosynthesis with compressing plates was performed in 112 patients with fractures (51) and non-united fractures (61) of forearm bones. In 6 of 10 patients operated upon within 7 days after trauma the fracture failed to unite. Operations made later than 7 days after trauma gave consolidation of the fractures in 39 of 41 patients. The treatment of non-healing fractures was effective in 57 of 61 operated patients. With the help of metallic plates with 6- 8 screws the complete stabilisation of bone fragments was achieved following any kind of diaphyseal fracture. PMID- 7269095 TI - [Splint improvements for skeletal traction]. PMID- 7269096 TI - [Penetrating knife wound of the abdomen with injury to the large intestine, pancreas, duodenum and inferior vena cava]. PMID- 7269097 TI - [Favorable outcome of unusual wounds in children]. PMID- 7269098 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of embryonic cysts and fistulae of the neck in children]. PMID- 7269099 TI - [Etiology of extrahepatic blockade of the portal circulation]. AB - Under observation were 236 children with extrahepatic blockade of portal circulation. The authors arrived at a conclusion that this disease in children was mainly due to a congenital anomaly of the development of portal veins. Omphalitis and umbilical sepsis in these patients were in a considerable degree due to pathologic conditions of healing the umbilical wound. They should be considered as a result of extrahepatic blockade of the portal blood circulation. PMID- 7269100 TI - [Prolonged peridural anesthesia in the postoperative period in children]. PMID- 7269101 TI - [Plastic repair of the renal sphincter in a girl]. PMID- 7269102 TI - [Effect of auxiliary artificial pulmonary ventilation on the myocardial function in the acute period of closed chest injury]. PMID- 7269103 TI - [Evaluation of the immunoreactivity of patients operated on under anesthesia]. AB - The investigation has been performed in 24 male patients with posttraumatic strictures of the urethra operated under peridural anesthesia. The immunological status was studied at different steps of the surgical treatment. It has been established that all the patients examined had an initial disturbance of both cellular and humoral immunity. The peridural anesthesia fails to exercise an immunosuppressive effect upon the patient's organism. PMID- 7269104 TI - [Vagotomy in surgery of perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers]. AB - Vagotomy is recommended by the author for the treatment of peptic ulcers. Vagotomy in combination with operations on the stomach and without them was used in 92 of 148 patients operated upon for the ulcer perforation. Lethality following suturing of the perforation hole was 7.7%, following vagotomy and the elimination of the perforation hole it was 1,1%. On the basis of the data obtained the author recommends vagotomy for the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers complicated by perforation. PMID- 7269105 TI - [Role of trauma in the development of acute cholecystitis]. AB - It has been established that disorders in the blood circulation of the gallbladder play the dominating part in the development of posttraumatic cholecystitis. The disease is found more often to develop in elderly and senile people, mainly in men. The pathogenetically grounded treatment is considered to be the application of means improving hemodynamics and microcirculation in the gallbladder. The use of these means is indicated prophylactically in great traumas. Cholecystectomy is a necessary measure when the conservative treatment proves to be ineffective and when symptoms of generalization of the process are observed. PMID- 7269106 TI - [Clinical thinking as a philosophical problem]. PMID- 7269107 TI - [Long-term infusions into the retroperitoneal and pelvic fat in treating acute surgical diseases and injuries]. PMID- 7269108 TI - [Villous neoplasms of the distal section of the large intestine]. AB - Villiferous tumors and polyps are known to be precancer with high (46%) index of malignization. The authors have performed 131 operations for local ablation of tumors and polyps by electrocoagulation through a rectoscope, transanal dissection, procto- and colotomy. The authors make a conclusion that local ablation of villiferous newformations is an adequate method of their operative treatment. Continuous follow-up is recommended after such operations. PMID- 7269109 TI - [Revascularization of the large intestine transplanted downward onto the perineum in abdomino-anal resection of the rectum]. PMID- 7269110 TI - [Prevention and treatment of acute mastitis]. PMID- 7269111 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of myxomas of the left atrium]. AB - Two patients with myxomas of the left atrium stimulating mitral stenosis are described. The observations are analyzed. Recommendations for the diagnosis of left atrium myxomas by the methods of cineangiocardiography and echocardiography are given. The methods of operative treatment include ablation of the tumor under conditions of the artificial blood circulation with dissection of the tumor base within the limits of health tissues. PMID- 7269112 TI - [Lymphothyroidography in thyroid diseases]. PMID- 7269113 TI - [Surgical treatment method in epidural and subdural intracranial abscesses]. PMID- 7269114 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of suppurative spinal epiduritis]. PMID- 7269115 TI - [Treatment of the positional compression syndrome]. AB - The experience with the treatment of 35 patients with the syndrome of positional compression is described, 29 of then having acute renal insufficiency. They were subjected to 116 operations of hemodialysis. Five patients died. The main caused of the death was acute renal insufficiency. The measures used for the prevention of acute renal insufficiency are considered by the authors to be ineffective while the timely treatment by hemodialysis can result in recovery almost in all the cases. The main cause of failure of the treatment of this type of acute renal insufficiency was hyperhydration of the pulmonary tissue. PMID- 7269116 TI - [Importance of deep and surface lymphography in the diagnosis and treatment of postthrombotic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities]. AB - The authors describe the results of radiopaque investigations of the venous and lymphatic systems of lower extremities in 85 patients with postthrombotic venous insufficiency. Considerable morphological and functional lesions of lymphatic vessels are developing in this disease. Changes in the deep lymphatic collector are considered to be the leading ones. The character of these changes corresponds to the clinical stage of the disease. Operation for the creation of lympho-venous anastomoses is one of the methods of surgical correction of the lymph outflow. PMID- 7269117 TI - [Treatment procedure in suppurative arthritis]. PMID- 7269118 TI - [Neurofibromas of the stomach]. PMID- 7269119 TI - [Importance of combined esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the diagnosis of stomach cancer and polyposis]. PMID- 7269120 TI - [Successful treatment of fecal peritonitis and of a high, large intestine fistula developing after sigmoid resection for cancer]. PMID- 7269122 TI - [Surgical procedure in medical fractures of the femoral neck in the middle-aged and elderly]. AB - The treatment of 615 elderly and senile patients with medial fractures of the femoral neck is analyzed. The average age of the patients was 76. In spite of the age and concomitant diseases, 487 patients were subjected to operations. The character of the operation depended on the kind of fracture. Remote results were studied in 210 patients within the period of 5 years. Union of fractures was observed in 200 patients. PMID- 7269121 TI - [Translocation of the diaphragm for closing a defect in the chest wall and eliminating a residual pleural empyema cavity]. PMID- 7269123 TI - [Surgical treatment of developmental lung disorders]. PMID- 7269124 TI - [Surgical treatment of ruptures of cruciate ligament of the knee]. PMID- 7269125 TI - [Subcutaneous Achilles tendon ruptures and their treatment]. PMID- 7269126 TI - [Fractures in pathologically altered bones of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7269127 TI - [Sepsis in newborn infants in a surgical clinic]. PMID- 7269128 TI - [Cystic abnormalities of the kidneys in newborn infants]. PMID- 7269129 TI - [Regional changes in the blood circulation in an extremity placed in a gnotobiotic isolator in relation to excess pressure]. PMID- 7269130 TI - [Liver injuries in newborn infants]. PMID- 7269131 TI - [Gangrenous cholecystitis in a 1-year 5-month-old child]. PMID- 7269132 TI - [Torsion of the pathologically mobile spleen in a 9-year-old child]. PMID- 7269133 TI - [True cyst of the spleen in an 8-year-old girl]. PMID- 7269134 TI - [Anesthesiological and resuscitation services in cases of gastrointestinal injuries]. PMID- 7269135 TI - [State of systemic hemodynamics during neuroleptanalgesia in reconstructive surgery on the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 7269136 TI - [Use of sodium oxybutyrate in anesthesia in cases of massive blood loss]. PMID- 7269137 TI - [Clinical experience in the use of peridural anesthesia]. PMID- 7269138 TI - [Electrocardiographic control during puncture catheterization of the subclavian vein]. PMID- 7269139 TI - [Social and vocational rehabilitation of breast cancer patients following surgical treatment]. PMID- 7269140 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 7269141 TI - [Combined antireflux gastrostoma]. PMID- 7269142 TI - [Functional characteristics of supraduodenal choledochoduodenostomy]. PMID- 7269143 TI - [Papillosphincterotomy in the middle aged and elderly]. PMID- 7269144 TI - [Radionuclide scintigraphy of the lungs in the evaluation of the effect of subclavian-pulmonary anastomosis on the distribution of the pulmonary circulation in Fallot's tetralogy]. PMID- 7269145 TI - [Diagnostic value of the morphine-neostigmine test in chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7269146 TI - [Evaluation of the absorption-excretion function of the cirrhotic liver during surgery with protection by hypothermia]. PMID- 7269147 TI - [Value of the determination of intracostal pressure for the diagnosis of portal hypertension]. PMID- 7269148 TI - ["Risk factors" in the surgical treatment of colon carcinoma]. PMID- 7269149 TI - [Acute appendicitis in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7269150 TI - [Principles of antibiotic therapy in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7269151 TI - [Surgical treatment of extra-sphincter rectal fistulas]. PMID- 7269152 TI - [Mechanisms of formation of intravascular rheoplethysmograms in the pulmonary artery system]. PMID- 7269153 TI - [Characteristics of gas exchange and correction of its disorders in elderly patients with peritonitis in the early postoperative period]. PMID- 7269154 TI - [Allotendoplasty in the complex surgery of transverse flatfoot]. PMID- 7269155 TI - [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]. PMID- 7269156 TI - [Strangulated Treitz's hernia]. PMID- 7269158 TI - [Repeated perforation of multiple typhoid ulcers of the ileum]. PMID- 7269157 TI - [Carcinoid of the vermiform appendix]. PMID- 7269159 TI - [2 cases of "periodic disease"]. PMID- 7269160 TI - [Oxygen diffusion in the lungs in cases of severe trauma]. PMID- 7269161 TI - [Thoracoabdominal knife wounds]. PMID- 7269162 TI - [Liver injuries in thoracoabdominal wounds]. PMID- 7269163 TI - [Pancreatic injuries in closed abdominal trauma]. PMID- 7269164 TI - Intravenous anesthesia: drugs and techniques. PMID- 7269165 TI - Local anesthetics. PMID- 7269166 TI - Selected techniques of regional anesthesia. PMID- 7269167 TI - Complications associated with general anesthesia of the horse. PMID- 7269169 TI - Use of phenylbutazone in competitions. PMID- 7269168 TI - Inhalation anesthetic delivery equipment and its maintenance. PMID- 7269171 TI - Mycoplasma strain F38 and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in the Sudan. PMID- 7269170 TI - Use of anthelmintics for cattle in England and Wales during 1978. AB - A study of anthelmintic treatments received by 40,000 cattle during 1978 on a random sample of 240 farms in England and Wales showed that most were given against gastrointestinal nematodes for purposes of prophylaxis. Analysis of the data indicates that of an estimated pounds 15m spent on anthelmintics and their administration, most was far less effectively employed than it might have been. Errors of three kinds were common, some classes of cattle being dosed unnecessarily, animals being dosed at an unfavourable occasion or time of year, and anthelmintics being directed at parasites against which they had no action. Existing knowledge on the control of helminths is not effectively used; most dosing was done without advice from an identifiable source. PMID- 7269172 TI - Oral rehydration in TGE. PMID- 7269173 TI - Field evaluation of a new method for the prophylaxis of parasitic gastroenteritis in calves. PMID- 7269174 TI - Diazinon for the control of sheep scab. PMID- 7269175 TI - The training of veterinary students in the field of public health. PMID- 7269176 TI - Successful induced ovulation and artificial insemination in the puma (Felis concolor). PMID- 7269177 TI - Colostrum feeding of dairy calves. PMID- 7269178 TI - Effect of inadvertently feeding tylosin and tylosin with dimetridazole to dairy cows. PMID- 7269179 TI - Bovine infertility. PMID- 7269181 TI - Computer systems in veterinary medicine. 2: The computer in the practice organisation. PMID- 7269180 TI - Regurgitation in an anaesthetised horse. PMID- 7269182 TI - Reproductive anatomy and cytogenetics of freemartin heifers. AB - Out of a batch of 46 heifers obtained for breeding 19 were found to be freemartins by both anatomical and cytogenetic examination. Considerable variation existed in the reproductive tracts of these freemartins from structures that were essentially female to some that were essentially male in type. One heifer had a functional ovary containing a corpus luteum and had shown signs of oestrus. Sex chromosome chimaerism was detected in cultured leucocytes and in bone marrow from each of the freemartins, ranging from 2 per cent to 96 per cent male cells. Chimaerism was also detected in cell cultures from spleen, lung and gonad but at very low levels (less than 2 per cent male cells). None of the freemartins consistently showed the presence of male cells in all organs cultured. The problem of the clinical diagnosis of freemartins is discussed in relation to these results. PMID- 7269183 TI - Evaluation of the anaesthetic properties of ketamine and a ketamine/xylazine/atropine combination in sheep. AB - The anaesthetic properties of ketamine in sheep were evaluated and compared with the results of a combination of ketamine/xylazine and ketamine/xylazine/atropine. Premedication of xylazine/atropine followed by intravenous injection of ketamine hydrochloride appeared to result in satisfactory immobilisation and anaesthesia for surgical operations of short duration. This combination effectively reduced some of the undesirable effects of ketamine, such as muscle rigidity, insufficient suppression of reflexes and tachycardia. The action on haematological factors was studied and significant increases in blood glucose content were detected during anaesthesia. PMID- 7269185 TI - Pasteurella multocida meningoencephalitis in a pheasant (Phasionus colchicus). PMID- 7269184 TI - Assessment of oviduct potency in the cow. AB - A test of oviduct patency was developed, based on instillation of dye to the uterine horn through a two-way catheter. In 23 cows, two cases of bilateral and five cases of unilateral blockage were detected. Of 69 cow genital tracts collected from an abattoir, nine of 138 oviducts (7 per cent) did not permit the passage of dye. Fourteen of the remaining oviducts were found to blocked using a suspension of 80 micrometer pollen grains. This suggested that some animals showing patency to the dye test in vivo may in fact have abnormalities of the oviduct sufficient to prevent the passage of the ovum. In five cows, superovulation and embryo recovery were carried out as an investigation of oviduct patency and function. Although in one of the five cows, subsequently found to have a blocked oviduct, no embryos were recovered, ambiguous results were obtained in the other animals. The unpredictable response to superovulation may limit the application of this latter technique in investigation of oviduct patency and function. PMID- 7269186 TI - Computer systems in veterinary medicine. 3: Computing in economic aspects of veterinary practice. PMID- 7269187 TI - Studies on the control of bovine ostertagiasis using a morantel sustained release bolus. AB - The efficacy of a morantel sustained release bolus to control ostertagiasis in grazing calves was assessed. Administration of the bolus into the rumen of calves immediately before turnout on to spring pasture in May substantially reduced the level of pasture contamination with infective larvae later in the season. Compared with controls there was a 71 per cent reduction in worm burdens acquired over the entire grazing season with a mean improvement in weight gain of 24 kg. When administration was delayed until midsummer (July) a good anthelmintic effect was obtained but there was little reduction in pasture contamination levels. Worm burdens acquired over the grazing season were reduced by only 48 per cent with a mean weight gain advantage of only 9 kg compared with controls. The control obtained against Dictyocaulus viviparus by both treatments was not absolute, failing to prevent the development of mild parasitic bronchitis. PMID- 7269189 TI - Dieldrin poisoning of cats after woodworm treatment. PMID- 7269190 TI - Acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. PMID- 7269191 TI - Turkey influenza vaccination. PMID- 7269188 TI - Quinuronium sulphate for the treatment of Babesia divergens infections of splenectomised calves. AB - Quinuronium sulphate was inoculated into splenectomised calves at various times in relation to artificial infection of the calves with Babesia divergens. When the drug was given one day before the parasites it had no effect on the course of the infection. However, when it was given at the time of onset of fever or haemoglobinuria, development of the infection was arrested. Two weeks after therapy, recrudescences of parasites invariably occurred. In the case of animals treated at onset of fever these recrudescences were accompanied by increasing anaemia. Treated animals resisted subsequent challenge but remained as carriers of the parasite. PMID- 7269192 TI - Urolithiasis in calves and lambs. PMID- 7269193 TI - Treatment of experimental Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in young pigs with potentiated sulphonamide in the drinking water. AB - Bordetella bronchiseptica was eliminated from the nasal cavity of experimentally infected piglets after about three weeks by trimethoprim and sulphadiazine (potentiated sulphonamide) in the drinking water in two experiments (at levels of 13.3 and 66.7 micrograms per ml, respectively). The rhinitis and turbinate damage associated with the infection was significantly less when the animals were examined at seven weeks of age but daily weight gain was not improved to a significant extent compared with controls. Smaller quantities of potentiated sulphonamide were less active but no amount induced resistance in the bordetellae during the one month period of treatment. PMID- 7269194 TI - Observations on a respiratory disease outbreak in weaned suckled calves. AB - Outbreaks of respiratory disease with a similar temporal pattern occurred in both autumn and spring-born groups of suckler calves transported from all parts of Great Britain to breed evaluation centre. Thirteen per cent (18 of 137) of the autumn-born group and 15 per cent (22 of 147) of the spring-born group were treated for respiratory disease. Most disease occurred within three weeks of an animal's entry to the centre. No disease occurred within certain breed groups of both age groups. There was a tendency for distance travelled to affect the need for treatment. PMID- 7269195 TI - Identification of types B and E Pasteurella multocida by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7269196 TI - Two-step insemination apparatus for pigs. PMID- 7269197 TI - Anaesthetic risks to staff. PMID- 7269198 TI - Encephalitis and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. PMID- 7269199 TI - [Pathological area of reorganization in the femoral neck]. PMID- 7269200 TI - [Dynamics of the x-ray morphological changes in experimental and clinical aseptic femur head necrosis]. PMID- 7269202 TI - [Angiography in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors of the hand]. PMID- 7269201 TI - [X-ray dosimetric method for the quantitative determination of the bone mineral component]. PMID- 7269203 TI - [X-ray picture of the surface lymphatic collectors of the normal upper extremity via different methodological variants of lymphography]. PMID- 7269204 TI - [Clinical use of stereoroentgenography in studying the venous system of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7269205 TI - [Electroroentgenolymphangiography]. PMID- 7269206 TI - [Experimental comparative study of the Soviet preparations iophendylate and myodil for myelo- and lymphography]. PMID- 7269207 TI - [Characteristics of the x-ray manifestations of fractures of the cervical and lumbar spine and their course]. PMID- 7269208 TI - [Realization of an automatic program of teleirradiation on a gamma therapy installation with a controlling computer]. PMID- 7269209 TI - [Scheduling of work time in the x-ray office]. PMID- 7269210 TI - [Postgraduate physician training in roentgenology at the 2d Moscow Medical Institute]. PMID- 7269211 TI - [Functional reorganization of the metatarsal bones II-III in combination with osteonecrosis of the head of the metatarsal bone I]. PMID- 7269212 TI - [Unusual picture of secondary bone changes in desmoids]. PMID- 7269213 TI - [Case of interstitial calcinosis]. PMID- 7269214 TI - [Case of sarcoma of the diaphragm]. PMID- 7269215 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 7269216 TI - [Case of angioendothelioma of the stomach]. PMID- 7269217 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of sponge kidney in children]. PMID- 7269218 TI - [Case of a congenital anomaly of the brain in a calf]. AB - A case of innate anomaly of the brain with a male new-born calf from the Bulgarian brown breed. Changes were established in the development of the main brain including some lacking parts of it. It is presumed that as a result of this anomaly some other changes have occurred, namely in the face, the facial bones and the skull. This deformity is combined with a fissure of the upper lip and the palate due to which the oral and the nasal cavities have and increased communication between one another. PMID- 7269220 TI - [Amino acid makeup of beef]. AB - Studies were carried out both on the quantitative and qualitative composition of aminoacids in the proteins of m. longissimus dorsi from cattle of the "Bulgarian Brown" breed with the help of an automatic aminoanalyzer Hd 1200 E, made in Czechoslovakia. Hydroxyproline and triptophane were determined at different analytical speeds. It was established that in the proteins of the muscle investigated are contained the following aminoacids, expressed in g/16 g N: lysine--7.77; treonine--4.09, valine--5.12, methyonine--2.50, isoleucine--4.67, leucine--8.42, phenylalanine--4.34, triptophane--1.40, histidine--3.37, arginine- 6.17, aspartic acid--7.92, serine--3.31, glutamine acid--13.30, proline--3.73, glycine--4.79, alanine--4.99, tirosine--3.84 and hydroxyproline--0.59. The quantity of the essential aminoacids in the proteins of the muscle investigated from cattle, except the value of methyonine and cystine (the method we implemented does not secure the determination of cystine), surpasses the norm for their contents in the proteins suggested by FAO/WHO. PMID- 7269219 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase in the rainbow trout (S. irideus Gib.)]. AB - Experiments were carried out to study the activity of the serum lactatedehydrogenesis in 1167 rainbow trout (S. iredeus Gib.), raised in Karst and in river water, in order to establish the normal and the plasma enzyme levels depending on age, sex and season. It was proved that with the fish raised in Karst water the average plasma enzyme activity varies from 1627 to 2567 UI, the highest being with the one-year old fish and with the advance of age it diminishes to 1627 UI with the three-year old female ones. The highest enzyme activity was observed with all ages during the summer-autumn season, whereas in spring and in winter it was comparatively low. With the fish raised in river water the activity of the serum lactatedehydrogenesis vacillated within the boundaries between 2340 and 3350 UI. It was highest with the two-year old male ones--3400 UI, and lowest with the one-year old ones--2340 UI. The season alterations in the activity of enzyme were analogical with all age-groups--it decreased from spring till summer, reached its maximum in autumn, and then it decreased abruptly and reached its minimum in winter. PMID- 7269221 TI - [Amino acid composition of lamb]. AB - Studies were carried out both on the quantitative and qualitative composition of aminoacids in the proteins of n. longissimus dorsi, from sheep of the "Blackheaded Pleven" breed. For the purpose was used an automatic aminoanalyzer of 1200 E, made in Czechoslovakia. Hydroxyproline and triptophane were determined in separate analytical pathways. It was established that in the proteins of the muscle investigated are contained the following aminoacids, expressed in grams /16 g N: lysine--7,90; treonine--3,92; valine--4,84; methyonine--2,72; isoleucine -4,51; leucine--7,54; phenylalanine--4,64; triptophane--1,39; histidine--3,02; arginine--6,09; aspartic acid--7,16; serine--3,64; glutamine acid--11,49; proline -3,54; glycine--4,29; alanine--4,65; tirosine--2,94 and hydoxyproline--0,42. A similarity was proved in the aminoacid composition of m. longissimus dorsi from sheep with that of the same muscle with cattle and swine. PMID- 7269222 TI - [Microflora studies of broiler density breeding]. AB - In rooms with a condensed raising of broilers were carried out mycological studies of samples of air, floor-covering materials, feeding mixes--degree of semination, isolation of toxic and pathogenic species, presence of mycotoxins. Experiments were carried out also on pathological materials (lungs, gizzard) from dead, ill or suspectedly healthy broilers in order to prove mycotic agents. It was proved that the semination of air with mycotic spores was considerably higher in comparison with the data of the investigations carried out in rooms housing 16 -18 broilers on 1 m(2). It was also established that there was a vertical spreading of spores in the rooms, the sources of mycotic infection was a vertical spreading of spores in the rooms, the sources of mycotic infection and the most frequent species of fungi. Steps are pointed out in order to abolish mycotic diseases and reduce to a minimum their harmful effect of mycotic toxins on the organic system of poultry. PMID- 7269223 TI - [Action of Bacitrafen Premix on layers and broilers]. AB - Observations were made concerning the effect of Bacitraphen-Premix, consumed by poultry with their food. It was proved that similarly to other nutritive antibiotics, the preparation agreed well with them. It was also proved that it does not show toxicity--LD0 and LD50 were higher than the maximal does applied. Bacitraphen-Premix had a positive effect on the egg-laying abilities of layers, as well as on the fecundity ability and incubation qualities of eggs. It showed a definite antistress effect due to which it can be successfully used as a prophylactic means in poultry-raising in case of stress reactions. PMID- 7269224 TI - [Secondary immune blood transfusion shock in calves due to the donor immune erythrocyte isoantibodies]. AB - Experiments were carried out on 2 cows, used as donors and 10 calves at the age from 1 to 6 months, taken in the experiment as recipients. The calves were made a blood-transfusion in a dose of 9 cm(3)/kg T. from donors whose serum contained immune erythroantibodies with a titer of 1:4--1:64, directed against their erythrocytes. The recipients had not had antibodies, directed against the donors' erythrocytes. For the purposes of the investigations were used a hemalitic test and an agglutination in a vidal test-tube. The post-transfusional immune reactions and complications observed were related to the hematransfusional shock as a result of a collision between the donor's immune isoerythroantibodies and their corresponding erythrocytic antigens in the recipients. This shock is of great practical value for transfusional hematology in calves. The immune isoerythroantibodies, built up after blood transfusion of immunized, in advance, donors, were formed in 60% of the cases on the 7th--9th days afer the blood transfusion and disappeared from peripheral blood on the 30ieth day afterwards. PMID- 7269225 TI - [Identification of the proteins in white brined and yellow cheese]. AB - Experiments were carried out to establish a method for the identification of proteins in white brined cheese and kashkaval, made of sheep and cow milk or a mixture of them in different proportions. It was proved that the application of a polyacryl amid electrophoresis under definite conditions can secure a species identification of the proteins of the white brined cheese and the kashkaval made of sheep and cow milk. It was proved also that the protein spectra of the white brined cheese and the kashkaval, made of the two sorts of milk, differed both as to the amount of the fractions and subfractions obtained and as to their electrophoretic mobility--Rx. The method offered enables an objective identification of the species composition of proteins in white brined cheese and in kashkaval as well as the identification of the proportions between the sheep and the cow milks in the dairy products obtained. PMID- 7269226 TI - [Thermal sensitivity of aldolase isoenzymes in the organs of cattle, sheep and swine]. AB - During the investigation of homogenates from organs of cattle, sheep and swine (a heart, a kidney, a pancreas, a liver, a thigh muscle, a spleen, a lung) the highest activity of aldolase was proved in the bodily muscles, whereas in the other organs it did not show great differences. Thus it is determined as an ubiquitous enzyme in all these kinds of farm animals. After heating at 61 degrees C for 15 min. aldolase from the bodily muscles of cattle, sheep and swine, showed a high degree of thermostability (residual activity of 86 = 92%), whereas in the parenchymatous organs the enzyme was considerably thermosensitive (residual activity of 15.2--48.4%). The liver isoenzyme of aldolase showed the highest degree of thermosensitivity and had a residual activity of hardly 8--12%. A viewpoint is endorsed, namely that on that basis can be differentiated some pathological processes in the musculature from the pathological processes in the parenchymatous organs. PMID- 7269227 TI - Cerebral haemorrhage in Moyamoya disease at autopsy. AB - Nineteen fatal cases of occlusion of the circle of Willis, so-called Moyamoya disease, were examined clinicopathologically. Fresh and massive cerebral haemorrhage was confirmed in 14 and cerebral infarcts of 4 of 19 patients. Among these 14 patients, massive haemorrhage was found in the basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus of 9, and in the thalamus, cerebral peduncle and midbrain of 5. Pathologically, fibrosing stenoses or occlusions involved the circle of Willis and its major branches in all cases. In 13 of 17 patients numerous collateral channels, muscular in type, paralleled the circle, bypassing the occluded natural passages, Rupture of dilated small muscular collateral arteries was demonstrated in fresh and old haemorrhagic lesions in 3 of the 14 patients. Saccular aneurysm of cerebral arteries in the subarachnoid spaces was present in two of the 19. No rupture involved the perforating arteries in the subarachnoid space. These findings strongly suggest that in patients with Moyamoya disease rupture of overgrown perforating arteries as collaterals in brain may be main cause of single or repeated cerebral haemorrhage. Stenoses or occlusions of these perforators are presumably an important factor in the occurrence of cerebral infarcts. PMID- 7269228 TI - Neural differentiation in the OTT-6050 mouse teratoma. Production of a tumor fraction restricted to stem cells and neural cells after centrifugal elutriation. AB - Dissociation and centrifugal elutriation procedures were applied to subcutaneous transplants of the OTT-6050 mouse teratoma line in order to enrich the neuroepithelial cells. One of the resultant cell fractions, designated IB-21, was then implanted beneath the renal capsule of syngeneic mice and rebanked every 3 to 6 weeks for a total of 58 passages over 5 years. Sequential passages resulted in a tumor restricted to stem cells and neural cells (neuroblasts and glial cells). The primitive neural cells lost the ability to form rosettes after the early transplants. Subcutaneous or intracerebral transplantation of these tumors evinced their capacity for further neuroepithelial differentiation, with the demonstration of astrocytes and occasional mature synapse-forming neurons. Conversion of the tumor to the ascitic form resulted in unorganized clusters of neoplastic cells in contrast to the highly structured embryoid bodies that are characteristic of the parent Ott-6050 line. The absence of non-neural cells in the IB-21 tumor fraction and its ability to demonstrate divergent neural differentiation suggest that a transplantable neural-determined cell population exists in the OTT-6050 mouse teratoma. PMID- 7269229 TI - Neural differentiation in the OTT-6050 mouse teratoma. Production of a tumor fraction showing melanogenesis in neuroepithelial cells after centrifugal elutriation. PMID- 7269230 TI - Morphometric investigations on the portal tracts of the liver, the differentiation of variable progression in chronic persistent hepatitis. AB - Morphometric investigations were carried out on the portal tracts of the liver in different forms of chronic hepatitis. The investigation groups each contained 25 liver biopsies, which were subdivided into cases with normal liver, a subsiding acute virus hepatitis, three different forms of chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and chronic aggressive hepatitis type IIa (CAH IIa). Determinations of the volume and surface of the portal tracts and their components enabled three forms of COH (type Ia, Ib, Ic) to be characterised. Preliminary clinical and semiquantitative histological investigations were correlated with a significant difference in the histological characteristics and prognosis. HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative cases showed no significant morphologically detectable differences in all grups investigated. Morphometry is suitable for investigation of pathological changes in liver tissue, especially the portal tracts. PMID- 7269231 TI - [Labial salivary gland biopsy in Gougerot-Sjogren's syndrome: a clinico pathological, histoenzymological and ultrastructural study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7269232 TI - The blood-testis barrier in men of diverse fertility status: an ultrastructural study. AB - The permeability of the blood-testis barrier was studied in 41 men of diverse fertility status by observing the distribution of lanthanum, and electron-opaque tracer administered during immersion fixation of testicular biopsies. Evidence for barrier mechanisms operating at the specialised tight junctions between Sertoli cells was seen in all specimens. In approximately one half of the seminiferous tubules examined this barrier appeared to be less effective as seen by the penetration of lanthanum past the Sertoli cell tight junctions. This phenomenon was found to be significantly related to both the tubular spermatogenetic activity as measured by a scoring method and the presence of subcellular changes in the Sertoli cells. A depression of spermatogenesis was associated with an increase in the incidence of tubules with apparently defective tight junctions. In men with obstructive azoospermia there was no increase in the incidence of this phenomenon. PMID- 7269233 TI - Characterization of anti-reovirus immunoglobulins secreted by cloned hybridoma cell lines. PMID- 7269235 TI - Protein sigma 1 is the reovirus cell attachment protein. PMID- 7269234 TI - The interaction of a series of hybridoma IgGs with reovirus particles. Demonstration that the core protein lambda 2 is exposed on the particle surface. PMID- 7269236 TI - Capsid-DNA complexes in the DNA packaging pathway of bacteriophage T7: characterization of the capsids bound to monomeric and concatemeric DNA. PMID- 7269237 TI - Initiation and termination of vaccinia virus DNA replication. PMID- 7269238 TI - Characteristics of a persistent respiratory syncytial virus infection in HeLa cells. PMID- 7269239 TI - Radio-sequence analysis of in vivo multilabeled nonstructural protein ns86 of Semliki Forest, virus. PMID- 7269240 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of vaccinia virus. PMID- 7269241 TI - Agglutination of vertebrate erythrocytes by the granulosis virus of Plodia interpunctella. PMID- 7269242 TI - Characterization of vaccinia polypeptides. PMID- 7269243 TI - Unit Complex of vaccinia polypeptides linked by disulfide bridges. PMID- 7269244 TI - Primary structures of the core proteins of the alphaviruses Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus. PMID- 7269245 TI - Genes involved in the virulence of an avian influenza virus. PMID- 7269246 TI - In vitro packaging of bacteriophage T4 DNA. PMID- 7269247 TI - Comparative study of host capsule depolymerases associated with Klebsiella bacteriophages. PMID- 7269248 TI - Effect of alterations in reaction conditions on vaccinia virus transcription in vitro. PMID- 7269249 TI - Normal rat cell lines deficient in nuclear thymidine kinase. PMID- 7269250 TI - Transformation of rodent cells by RFV, the human papovavirus with dual genome. PMID- 7269251 TI - Isolation and structural analysis of influenza C virion glycoproteins. PMID- 7269252 TI - Sindbis virus glycoproteins acquire unusual neutral oligosaccharides in both normal and lectin-resistant Chinese Hamster ovary cell lines. PMID- 7269253 TI - Terminal sequences of the genome and replicative-from RNA of the flavivirus West Nile virus: absence of poly(A) and possible role in RNA replication. PMID- 7269254 TI - Conditions for pox virus-specific microvilli formation studied during synchronized virus assembly. PMID- 7269255 TI - Carbohydrates of influenza virus. IV. Strain-dependent variations. PMID- 7269257 TI - Multiple structurally related defective-interfering RNAs formed during undiluted passages of Semliki forest virus. PMID- 7269256 TI - Cell-free synthesis of enzymatically active vaccinia virus thymidine kinase. PMID- 7269258 TI - Acyl bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, assumed to be a marker for lysosomes, is a major phospholipid of vaccinia virions. PMID- 7269259 TI - Evidence for restricted replication of Rubella virus in rat glial cells in culture. PMID- 7269260 TI - Antibody-triggered dissociation of adenovirus penton capsomer. PMID- 7269261 TI - Multiplicity-dependent host range restriction of human adenovirus in human embryonal carcinoma cells. PMID- 7269262 TI - Intense light hazards in ophthalmic diagnosis and treatment. Proceedings of a symposium Houston, 25-26 October 1979. PMID- 7269263 TI - Intense light hazards in ophthalmic diagnosis and treatment. Introduction to the problem. PMID- 7269264 TI - Potential hazards from specific ophthalmic devices. PMID- 7269266 TI - Fluorescein angiography: risks. PMID- 7269265 TI - Retinal damage produced by intraocular fiber optic light. PMID- 7269267 TI - Light levels in fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. PMID- 7269268 TI - The nature of retinal radiation damage: dependence on wavelength, power level and exposure time. PMID- 7269269 TI - Review of the macaque model of light damage with implications for the use of ophthalmic instrumentation. PMID- 7269270 TI - The role of ocular pigmentation in protecting against retinal light damage. PMID- 7269271 TI - Safety standards and measurement techniques for high intensity light sources. PMID- 7269272 TI - Possible mechanisms of photoreceptor damage by light in mammalian eyes. PMID- 7269273 TI - Interaction of environmental light and eye pigmentation with inherited retinal degenerations. PMID- 7269274 TI - Light deprivation and retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 7269276 TI - Ocular tissue culture. Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 22-23 October, 1979. PMID- 7269275 TI - Alteration in directional sensitivity of the retina by monocular occlusion. PMID- 7269277 TI - Identification and characterization of a growth factor secreted by an established cell line of human retinoblastoma maintained in serum-free medium. PMID- 7269278 TI - Donor age influences the growth of rabbit lens epithelial cells in vitro. PMID- 7269279 TI - A tissue culture system for studying lens cell differentiation. PMID- 7269280 TI - The organization of human retinal pigment epithelium in vitro. PMID- 7269281 TI - Tissue culture of rat pigment epithelium on different supporting media. PMID- 7269282 TI - Binding of neoglycoproteins by the chick pigment epithelial cell in culture. PMID- 7269283 TI - In vitro culture of human retinal pigment epithelium for biochemical and metabolic study. PMID- 7269284 TI - Phagocytosis of rod outer segments by cultured epithelial cells. PMID- 7269285 TI - The isolation and culturing of retinal pigment epithelium of the rat. PMID- 7269286 TI - Culturing cells with direct clinical importance. PMID- 7269288 TI - In vitro biochemistry of trabecular meshwork. PMID- 7269287 TI - Studies on human trabecular cells propagated in vitro. PMID- 7269290 TI - Intracellular potentials of cultured rabbit corneal endothelial cells: response to temperature and ouabain. PMID- 7269289 TI - Studies of corneas in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7269291 TI - Isolation and characterization of the proteoglycans and collagens synthesized by cells in culture. PMID- 7269292 TI - Modulation of chondrogenic expression in cell culture by fibronectin. PMID- 7269293 TI - Phenotypic expression of embryonic neural retinal cells in cell culture. PMID- 7269294 TI - Evoked potentials to dynamic random-dot correlograms in monkey and man: a test for cyclopean perception. PMID- 7269295 TI - Movement sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells in monkey. PMID- 7269296 TI - Th effect of expectations on slow oculomotor control-III. Guessing unpredictable target displacements. PMID- 7269297 TI - Displacement detection in human vision. PMID- 7269298 TI - On the psychometric function for contrast detection. PMID- 7269299 TI - Neuronal mechanism of response of cat's striate cortex to flicker light stimulation. PMID- 7269300 TI - The detection and recognition of two lines. PMID- 7269301 TI - Metarhodopsin I can react with hydroxylamine. PMID- 7269302 TI - Direction-specific and position-specific effects upon detection of displacements during saccadic eye movements. PMID- 7269303 TI - Behavioural determination of the contrast sensitivity function of the eagle Aquila audax. PMID- 7269304 TI - Why luminance discrimination may be better than detection. PMID- 7269305 TI - Responses to single photons in a fly optomotor neurone. PMID- 7269306 TI - Multiplicative intrinsic noise and the limits to visual performance. PMID- 7269307 TI - Metacontrast in the fovea. PMID- 7269308 TI - Visual masking and the contrast-flash effect. PMID- 7269309 TI - Cone system saturation: more than one stage of sensitivity loss. PMID- 7269310 TI - Monocular and binocular detection of moving sinusoidal gratings. PMID- 7269311 TI - Velocity after-effects: the effects of adaptation to moving stimuli on the perception of subsequently seen moving stimuli. PMID- 7269312 TI - Spatial and temporal factors in the predictive generation of saccadic eye movements. PMID- 7269313 TI - Colour selectivity in the tilt after-effect: comments upon Wade and Wenderoth. PMID- 7269314 TI - Reversible figures and the motion after-effect. PMID- 7269315 TI - Phase effects in monoptic and dichoptic temporal integration: flicker and motion detection. PMID- 7269316 TI - Superposition of edges and gratings: interaction between central and peripheral regions. PMID- 7269317 TI - Spatial and temporal receptive-field analysis of the cat's geniculocortical pathway. PMID- 7269318 TI - Visibility of red and green spatial patterns upon spectrally mixed adapting fields. PMID- 7269319 TI - Probability summation and regional variation in contrast sensitivity across the visual field. PMID- 7269320 TI - Adaptation to gratings: equal spatial selectivity for light and dark bar width variation. PMID- 7269321 TI - Spatiotemporal variations in the square/sine ratio: evidence of independent channels at low spatial frequencies. PMID- 7269322 TI - Psychophysical isolation of movement sensitivity by removal of familiar position cues. PMID- 7269323 TI - Responses of cat retinal ganglion cells to the random motion of a spot stimulus. PMID- 7269324 TI - Off-axis image quality in the human eye. PMID- 7269325 TI - A power law for contrast discrimination. PMID- 7269326 TI - Saccades to step-ramp stimuli. PMID- 7269327 TI - A local mechanism for differential velocity detection. PMID- 7269328 TI - Red/green opponent colors equilibria measured on chromatic adapting fields: evidence for gain changes and restoring forces. PMID- 7269329 TI - Pupillary light reflex in humans: evidence for an unbalanced pathway from nasal retina, and for signal cancellation in brainstem. PMID- 7269330 TI - Eye torsion and the apparent horizon under head tilt and visual field rotation. PMID- 7269331 TI - Development of Critical flicker frequency in human infants. PMID- 7269332 TI - Subthreshold addition of real and apparent motion. PMID- 7269333 TI - Photopic adaptation in the red-green spectral range. PMID- 7269334 TI - Chicken blue and chicken violet, short wavelength sensitive visual pigments. PMID- 7269335 TI - A binocular contribution to the production of optokinetic nystagmus in normal and stereoblind subjects. PMID- 7269336 TI - Temporal deterioration of wavelength discrimination with successive comparison method. PMID- 7269337 TI - Pattern discrimination with flickering stimuli. PMID- 7269338 TI - Sensation length and equal brightness. PMID- 7269339 TI - VEP assessment of visual function. PMID- 7269340 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the left ventricle in juvenile hypertension]. PMID- 7269341 TI - [Treatment of tachycardias using cardiostimulation]. PMID- 7269342 TI - [Effect of isometric exercise on changes in selected hemodynamic parameters]. PMID- 7269344 TI - [Blood platelet phagocytic ability]. PMID- 7269343 TI - [Analysis of 1,200 kidney biopsies performed at the Central Military Hospital in Prague]. PMID- 7269345 TI - [Invasive and noninvasive diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 7269346 TI - [Scimitar syndrome]. PMID- 7269347 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a cause of acute pancreatitis?]. PMID- 7269348 TI - [Philosophical bases of the theory of scientific knowledge in medicine]. PMID- 7269349 TI - [Method of training and of performing special tactical medical instruction with a medical battalion]. PMID- 7269350 TI - [Independent student work]. PMID- 7269352 TI - [Adhesive pneumopexy in lung and pleural surgery]. PMID- 7269351 TI - [Organizational problems in Party political work during selection and training of students among the troops]. PMID- 7269353 TI - [Let us develop military medical personnel with care]. PMID- 7269354 TI - [Accelerated determination of microbial sensitivity to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic preparations]. PMID- 7269355 TI - [Functional state of the body in the process of adaptation to hot, humid environmental conditions]. PMID- 7269356 TI - [Pressure hypertension]. PMID- 7269357 TI - [Instructing student pilots to breathe and speak under excessive oxygen pressure]. PMID- 7269358 TI - [Natural body resistance in human adaptation in the Arctic]. PMID- 7269359 TI - [Cataract extraction]. PMID- 7269360 TI - [Experience in using a special medical blanket]. PMID- 7269361 TI - [Transurethral electroresection in prostate and bladder tumors]. PMID- 7269362 TI - [A 3d, supernumerary, kidney]. PMID- 7269363 TI - [Use of hydrocortisone in treating arthrosis deformans of the extremities]. PMID- 7269364 TI - [Significance of the bicycle ergometric load in acute pneumonia patients]. PMID- 7269365 TI - [Clinical assessment of an incomplete right bundle branch block in young persons]. PMID- 7269366 TI - [Acute paranephritis]. PMID- 7269367 TI - [Treatment of paronychia]. PMID- 7269369 TI - [Apparatus for aspiration drainage]. PMID- 7269368 TI - [Instrument for twisting wire ligatures in attaching dental splints]. PMID- 7269370 TI - [Improved acoustic apparatus for finding biologically active points]. PMID- 7269371 TI - [Let us promote responsibility for admission into the Party and the education of young Communists]. PMID- 7269372 TI - [In light of the demands of the Party Congress]. PMID- 7269373 TI - [Competition organizers keep their word]. PMID- 7269374 TI - [We do not rest with what has been achieved]. PMID- 7269375 TI - [Extent of medical care in maxillofacial wounds at medical evaluation stages]. PMID- 7269376 TI - [Air transport evacuation characteristics of ENT patients and wounded]. PMID- 7269377 TI - [Work organization in health education in the military unit]. PMID- 7269378 TI - [Traction injuries of the vessels and nerves]. PMID- 7269379 TI - [Magnetotherapy of infected wounds]. PMID- 7269380 TI - [Scope and extent of the therapist's work in a trauma ward]. PMID- 7269381 TI - [Clinical characteristics of sporadic yersiniasis]. PMID- 7269382 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis]. PMID- 7269383 TI - [Effect of intermittent noise on central nervous system/function]. PMID- 7269385 TI - [Experience in organizing socialist competition between garrison therapeutic institutions]. PMID- 7269386 TI - [Treatment of severe open fractures of the long bones]. PMID- 7269387 TI - [Effectiveness of emergency cholecystocholangiotomography]. PMID- 7269388 TI - [Rare variant of a lobate patella]. PMID- 7269384 TI - [Effectiveness of antinoise devices in pulsed noise exposure]. PMID- 7269389 TI - [Changes in psychophysiological functions in acute dysentery]. PMID- 7269390 TI - [Intraocular lens implantation after the removal of traumatic cataract]. PMID- 7269391 TI - [Procedure of the ship's doctor in acute surgical diseases and injuries of abdominal organs]. PMID- 7269392 TI - [Disinfection measures in the military unit]. PMID- 7269394 TI - [Current treatment possibilities for burn patients in mass admissions (Hungarian People's Republic)]. PMID- 7269395 TI - [Emergency and resuscitation care of acute coronary failure patients in the prehospital stage (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic)]. PMID- 7269393 TI - [Deratization with phentolacin paste on board ships and in shore installations]. PMID- 7269396 TI - [Results and the prospective trends of research into drug phonophoresis]. PMID- 7269397 TI - [Patterns of water-insoluble drug electrophoresis]. PMID- 7269398 TI - [Immunological evaluation of the effect of mineral waters used internally in an experimental peptic ulcer model]. PMID- 7269399 TI - [Effectiveness of differentiated health resort therapy in duodenal ulcer (late results)]. PMID- 7269400 TI - [Effect of centimeter-range microwaves on the course of chronic toxic hepatitis (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7269401 TI - [Medical gymnastics in the combined treatment of sliding hiatal hernia]. PMID- 7269402 TI - [Effect of local procedures with therapeutic peat mud on the neuroautonomic reactivity of normal subjects]. PMID- 7269404 TI - [Comparative trial evaluation of ion transport using direct and rectified sinusoidal currents]. PMID- 7269403 TI - [Effect of peat therapy on systemic microcirculatory indices in chronic arterial insufficiency of the legs]. PMID- 7269405 TI - [Effect of low-intensity ultrasound on the microcirculation in periodontosis]. PMID- 7269407 TI - [Changes in the blood protein content in children with chronic gastroduodenitis during sanatorium-health resort treatment]. PMID- 7269408 TI - [Iodine-hydroaeroionization in the combined treatment of children with chronic nonspecific bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 7269406 TI - [Effect of physical factors on the lysozyme content in gastric and duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7269409 TI - [Combined therapy, at the Belokurikha health resort, of rheumatoid arthritis including radon baths and collargol in small doses]. PMID- 7269410 TI - [Biotropic parameters of magnetic fields]. PMID- 7269411 TI - [Antibiotic phonophoresis in chronic nonspecific prostatitis]. PMID- 7269412 TI - [Kidney function study by radioisotope renography in lymphogranulomatosis patients subjected to radiation treatment]. AB - An analysis of the results of renography in 68 patients with lymphogranulomatosis is presented. In 57 patients, a radionuclide investigation of renal function was carried out after irradiation of the spleen, paraaortic and iliac lymph nodes. Renograms were evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The investigation established an impaired renal function in 18% of patients examined prior to radiation therapy. According to radionuclide renography, the excretory function of the tubular renal apparatus remains quite satisfactory after partial irradiation of kidneys in a dose of 38-40 Gy. PMID- 7269413 TI - [Soundness of combined and complex radiation therapy in I-stage cervical cancer from the viewpoint of late results and patient work rehabilitation]. PMID- 7269414 TI - [Significance off the immunological status for the disease prognosis of oncological patients]. AB - The importance of immune response indices in tumor patients is discussed on the basis of literature data and the author's findings. Although a correlation between clinical course of malignant disease and the patient's immunocompetence was established, the relationship of immune response indices and clinical TNM staging is not stable. Reasons are given for introducing U-criterion of immune response evaluation into TNM classification. The relationship between immune response in cancer patients and type of therapy as well as the practical importance of this parameter are discussed. PMID- 7269415 TI - [Cellular antitumor immunity in an autologous system in stomach cancer]. AB - Positive reaction to autologous tumor extracts in leucocyte migration inhibition test was established in one-third of stomach cancer patients under study. Responses with donor serum and autologous sera of blood were not identical. A significant correlation between response to autologous tumor extract in the presence of donor serum and survival time was found. Positive reaction with autologous serum proved to be bad prognosis. The results point to the prognostic value of antitumor immune reactions in autologous system in stomach cancer. Autoimmune reactions to organic antigens of the mucosa are indispensable in the interpretation of antitumor specificity of reactions. PMID- 7269416 TI - [Cellular immunity indices in rectal cancer under surgical and combined treatment]. AB - The dynamics of cell-mediated immunity indices in 83 patients with rectal tumors who underwent surgery or received combined treatment (preoperative radiation + surgery) was followed. Cellular immunity was assessed on the basis of PHA-induced blastogenic reaction of lymphocytes (BRL) and spontaneous rosette-formation. In rectal tumor patients, particularly at stage IV, the level of PHA-induced BRL and the total number of rosette-forming cells (RFC) were lower than in healthy donors. Surgery did not produce any significant changes in cell-mediated immunity parameters: level of PHA-induced BRL decreased by 16,7%, while total RFC number increased by 17.2% in (mostly low-affinity forms). Preoperative radiation resulted in a significant decrease in lymphocyte ability to undergo PHA-induced blast-transformation (45%) and spontaneous rosette formation, high-affinity lymphocytes being most sensitive to ionizing radiation. Their fraction decreased by half. PMID- 7269417 TI - [Effect of heating on the benz(a)pyrene content in wood pyrolysis products]. AB - Benz(a)pyrene was detected in the ether-insoluble fraction of acidic water on being heated to 100 and 300-450 degrees C, while heating of total acidic water and settled tar at 300-450 degrees C did not cause any changes in the content of this compound. The obtained results suggest that the ether-soluble fraction of acidic water contains compounds which promote benz(a)pyrene breakdown or inhibit its synthesis from products of timber pyrolysis. PMID- 7269418 TI - [Prognosis of breast cancer patients with large-fetus birth weights in their history]. AB - Under study were the data on a 5-year survival in a group of 154 breast cancer patients (treated in 1970-1971) which were evaluated versus the weight of their infants. A worse prognosis was registered in patients with high-weight births (4 kg and more) in their case histories. Such correlation was observed only in patients aged 50 years and more ("old-age cancer") and in patients with stage III of the disease. A probable combination of hormonal-metabolic disturbances which influence the etiopathogenesis and prognosis of some neoplasms and the advisability of timely correction of such disturbances for prevention of malignant tumors and improvement of treatment of cancer patients are discussed. PMID- 7269419 TI - [Breast cancer treatment methods taking into account patient tumor and body characteristics]. AB - On the basis of clinical evaluation of 1,007 case histories of breast cancer supplied from the Kazakh Republican Oncological Dispensary, Research Institute of Oncology and Radiation and Municipal Oncological Dispensary (Alma-Ata, 1960 1977), individually-tailored methods of therapy were developed. The procedures are based on such criteria as age, stage, localization, anatomical and histological characteristics of tumor. PMID- 7269421 TI - [Combination of lymphogranulomatosis and nodular goiter (2 cases)]. PMID- 7269422 TI - [Teratoma of the thymus (1 case)]. PMID- 7269420 TI - [Clinical and x-ray morphological parallels in soft tissue liposarcomas]. AB - The clinicoroentgenological data in 45 cases (20 males and 25 females, average age 50.3 years) of soft tissue liposarcomas, histologically subdivided into 28 myxoid, 12 polymorphic and 5 round-cell tumors were compared. The means case history was 3.2 years (3.8 years--for myxoid and 2.2 years for polymorphic and roundcell liposarcomas). In 95.6% of cases, tumor sites were in the musculare of the extremities, more frequently, legs. Tumors were rather large in size (average 16.5 cm). Myxoid tumors developed slowly, causing no pain. The radiograms of these tumors showed multiple tumor nodes, reduced shadow density, structural heterogeneity, distinct contours, infrequent cutaneous infiltration and secondary changes in bones. Signs of malignancy were indistinct in angiograms. Clinically and roentgenologically, round-cell liposarcomas resembled most other types of soft tissue sarcomas. Polymorphic tumors had many features in common both with myxoid and round-cell neoplasms. PMID- 7269423 TI - [Delayed-hypersensitivity reaction in patients with tumors of the chest cavity]. PMID- 7269424 TI - [Long-term observation of lung cancer patients with metastases after surgery and immunotherapy]. PMID- 7269425 TI - [Surgical treatment of a patient with 10 multiple primary synchronous metachronous stomach and large intestine cancers]. PMID- 7269426 TI - [Method of determining the confidence limits for the relative risk of tumor morbidity]. PMID- 7269427 TI - [Mathematical evaluation of the prognosis of stomach cancer in a far-advanced stage]. PMID- 7269428 TI - [Diagnostic errors in esophageal cancer]. AB - Cases of esophageal cancer are often admitted to oncological establishments at relatively late stages of tumor process: in 85%, the record of symptoms exceeds three months. The average duration of case histories before admission is 7.4 months. Diagnostic errors were established in the patients who had consulted the doctor during a period of less than 3 months after symptom development. This was due to the frequent appearance (41%) at initial stages of symptoms other than dysphagia which was misleading. However, even if dysphagia was apparent, primary X-ray examination failed to detect esophageal tumors in 20.1% of cases. Therefore, an endoscopic examination must be performed in cases of dysphagia. Whenever dysphagia is a consequence of esophageal burns, patients should undergo examinations at specialized oncological establishments for some years. PMID- 7269429 TI - [Differential diagnosis of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and retroperitoneal space from abdominal aortic aneurysms]. AB - Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta is often erroneously identified as a gastrointestinal or retroperitoneal tumor of cyst. Out of 54 cases of this disease, 22 patients had undergone long-term examinations at various hospitals, oncological establishments included, while exploratory laparatomy had been carried out in 9 patients. The symptoms of aneurysm are described and compared with those of said tumors. Diagnostic procedures for identification of aneurysm and differentiation from gastrointestinal and retroperitoneal tumors and cysts are discussed. PMID- 7269430 TI - [Morphological manifestations of the immune reactions in stomach cancer and their relation to the histological structure of the tumor]. AB - The morphology of immune response in tumor tissue was studied in the resected material obtained from 244 patients with stomach cancer. In nearly 80% of cases of carcinoma, the following five morphological types were observed: (1) acute inflammation (immediate--onset hyperergy); (2) time--delayed hyperergy; (3) plasmocytic--eosinophilic cellular infiltration with tumor mucination; (4) chronic granulomatous inflammation and (5) lymphadenoid and fibrose tissue envelope of tumor. There established a relationship between the type and degree of immune reactions and the histology of tumor. Progressing, regressing and stable reactions should be distinguished. Tumor regression and immune response were observed in foci; however, complete resolution was registered in 2.5% of cases only. PMID- 7269431 TI - [Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of standard and large dose fractionation in preoperative breast cancer irradiation]. AB - The report deals with a retrospective comparison of the effectiveness of standard and large-fractionated preoperative radiation therapy of breast cancer patients (each group included 85 females). As a result of distant irradiation with daily single doses of 4 Gy (total dose--20 Gy), preoperative admission period was reduced 5--7 times, as compared with standard single doses of 2 Gy and total dosage of 40--45 Gy. Large--fractionated radiation therapy results in a relatively low incidence of general and local reactions, does not interfere with surgery and is followed by postoperative complications in fewer cases. The distant metastasis frequency was significantly lower (51 +/- 5 and 32 +/- 5%, respectively), while the 5-year survival rate--higher (45 +/- 5 and 65 +/-5%, respectively) in application of large--fractionated radiation therapy. The said advantages were particularly apparent in cases of local operable tumors (stage III); in such patients, the 5-year survival rate rose from 40 +/- 7 to 64 +/- 6% (p greater than 0.05). PMID- 7269432 TI - [Characteristics of the ultrastructural alteration in ascitic lymphoma NK/Ly cells as affected by cyclophosphane]. AB - The ultrastructure of cells of mouse ascites lymphoma was studied by transmission electron microscopy. It was established that cyclophosphamide treatment (6 days) reduces cell concentration in ascitic fluid and alters tumor cell ultrastructure. Apart from dystrophic and necrotized ones, there are cells exhibiting the signs of active protein synthesis. Viral bodies in tumor cell cytoplasm were observed both in experimental and control animals. PMID- 7269434 TI - [Medical rehabilitation of breast cancer patients]. AB - While in hospital, 100 patients with breast cancer received a course of medical rehabilitation (vacuum drainage of the wound, exercise therapy, etc). After 3 months, among the most frequent postoperative complications were edema (64%) and disturbed function of the extremities (23%). In most patients, these complications were mild or of medium severity. Among the major factors of long term postoperative complication development were prolonged radiation therapy before surgery, extent of exeresis and complications which developed immediately after operation. PMID- 7269433 TI - [DNA methylation characteristics of different fetal and maternal body tissues in rats administered 1,2-dimethylhydrazine]. AB - A high rate of DNA methylation in the liver and large colon mucosa was registered 6 hrs after dimethylhydrazine (SDMH) treatment of rats with 19-day gestations. However, in fetal liver, a low concentration of methylated guanine (7-methyl guanine) derivatives was found, while in large colon and brain, these substances were not detected at all. It is suggested that the resistance of embryonal tissues to the transplacental effect of SDMH is due to the underdeveloped enzymatic system of the fetus. PMID- 7269435 TI - [Use of "split" courses of combination chemotherapy in breast cancer]. AB - The results of treatment of 110 out-patients with breast metastases, using various repeated schemes of chemotherapy, are discussed. The results and recommendations may be integrated with the procedures of selection of schemes of breast metastasis treatment. Good tolerance, virtual absence of side--effects and complications (e. g. persistent leukopenia) were observed. Integration of the new scheme with antibiotic treatment (carminomycin and adriamycin) is suggested. PMID- 7269437 TI - [Organization of oncological patient rehabilitation]. PMID- 7269436 TI - [Selection for health resort treatment of patients who have undergone radical surgery for stomach cancer]. AB - The paper deals with the preliminary results of a randomized study on the efficacy of health resort and sanatorium treatment of patients who underwent surgery for stomach tumors. Out of the total number of the patients who had applied for the treatment and had been examined by local oncologists, 35.4% proved to have recurrences and metastases, while the treatment was contraindicated in 25.6% of cases. It is recommended that practising oncologists should consult specialized oncological establishments in each particular case of application for health resort or sanatorium treatment. PMID- 7269438 TI - [Means of improving the urologic cancer component of mass prophylactic examinations]. PMID- 7269439 TI - [Effectiveness of peptic ulcer diet therapy using rations containing whole mare's and camel's milk]. AB - Diets enriched with whole mare and camel's milk were used for the management of peptic ulcer patients. A total of 164 patients were examined. Of these, 59 received mare's milk, 40 camel and 65 cow's milk. On the basis of studying the time course of the clinical picture, secretory and motor functions of the stomach, as well as of the endoscopic appearance of the gastric and duodenal mucosa it was ascertained that apart from the improved clinical course of the disease, secretory and motor functions of the stomach there was a complete wound healing and remarkable decline of its size in 93, 90, and 70% of patients given mare, camel and cow's milk, respectively. Also, radiotelemetry was used to study the antacid properties of the milk types in question. The first two milk types have demonstrated more pronounced antacid properties. PMID- 7269440 TI - [Nitrogen metabolism in healthy infants up to 1 year old]. AB - Nitrous metabolism was studied in children of two age groups (from 1 to 6 months and from 7 to 12 months) living in Frunze. Metabolism studies were carried out for 2 days. Subject to study was balance, retention assimilation of nitrogen and the content of urine nitrous fractions; urea, ammonia, creatine and creatinine. Nitrous metabolism in children under one year was characterized by intensive protein turnover under the climatogeographic conditions of the city of Frunze. PMID- 7269442 TI - [Amino acid assimilability in human dietary protein deficiency]. AB - The effect of different levels of protein in he diets (15.1 +/- 0.3; 9.4 +/- 0.2; 8 +/- 0.4; 4.6 +/- 0.3 g nitrogen a day) on assimilation of amino acids in man was studied. The rates of endogenous excretion of 18 amino acids with feces were determined in the course of protein-free nutrition. It has been shown that as the body supply with protein decrease the assimilation of most amino acids rises. It has been proved experimentally that it is not wise using the index of "seeming" assimilation in determination of amino acid assimilation. PMID- 7269441 TI - [Nutritional characteristics in a multifactorial evaluation of the health status of miners]. AB - The paper documents the necessity of study into food tastes and the nutrition pattern in multifactorial appraisal of the miners' health status. Use was made of a questionnaire enabling one to reveal the features of the nutrition regimen, individual food tastes and habits, and biorhythmological aspects. The application of such a questionnaire within the frames of multifactorial appraisal is an attempt to elucidate the relationship between nutrition aspects and disease risk. The data obtained indicate the prospectiveness of studying the features of nutrition during examination of tension and premorbid conditions. PMID- 7269443 TI - [Homeostatic influence of the lipid composition of the chyme and the effect of the correlation of basic lipid classes on the intensity of their absorption in the small intestine]. AB - Experiments on normal unanesthetized polyfistulous dogs kept on a mixed diet were made to study the basal lipid ratios of the duodenal and small intestinal chyme. It was shown that the duodenal and small intestinal chyme underwent homeostasis as regards the basal lipid class at the expense of the adding endogenous lipids to digestive juices. The ratios mentioned did not change substantially as a result of lipid absorption during exposure of the chyme in an isolated part of the intestine. The data obtained suggest that the rate of lipid absorption depends on the lipid profile of the chyme. PMID- 7269445 TI - [Changes in the lipolytic enzymatic activity of the blood in rats maintained on an atherogenic diet]. AB - The paper discusses changes in the activity of lipolytic enzymes in blood plasma of rats before and after heparin administration in the course of experimental atherosclerosis development. This development was shown to be characterized by an abrupt rise of preheparin plasma level (comparatively to normal) and of monoacylglycerolipase and tributyrinase activity, with this rise being unchanged throughout the experiment. An increase in the postheparin plasma activity of heparin-dependent lipolytic enzymes, lipoprotein lipase, triacylglycerolipase, monoacylglycerolipase, and tributyrinase was seen only in the initial stage of the disease. After 30-40 weeks the activity of the enzymes was below normal. It is concluded that the increased activity of lipoproteid lipase and triacylglycerolipase is related to their activation in the blood channel. PMID- 7269444 TI - [Vitamins and natural immunity]. PMID- 7269446 TI - [Lipid biosynthesis in the liver of animals in experimental obesity]. AB - The diet including a considerable amount of sun-flower oil, unlike the respective diet including lard, increases the rate of incorporation of newly synthetized fatty acids into phosphoglycerides, the rate of oxidation of exogenous fatty acids and the rate of their use in the cholesterol synthesis. It also raises the amount of protein in the liver of experimental animals. At the same time the control values of the lipid protein ratio remain unchanged. PMID- 7269447 TI - [Experimental peroxide atherosclerosis in rabbits]. AB - The paper describes a procedure for reproduction of experimental peroxide atheroarteriosclerosis in rabbits by means of keeping the animals on a semi natural antioxidant-free diet (casein, coconut oil, starch, sugar. extracted oats, dry yeast, straw, vitamins A and D, a mixture of salts). After 100 days of experimentation the mean area of the involved aorta constituted 72.9 +/- 6.1 %. The biochemical characteristics of experimental peroxide atheroarteriosclerosis is presented. The advantages of this model comparatively to the cholesterol and triglyceride-induced diseases are as follows: the similarity of the atherogenous diet to alimentary factors promoting atherosclerosis in man, endogenous nature of hypercholesterolemia and its moderate grade; development of destructive changes and calcinosis in the arteries in addition to lipidosis and fibrosis. PMID- 7269448 TI - [Effect of different kinds of Ocean paste on rat liver biochemical indices in sodium fluoride poisoning]. AB - The paper is concerned with the effect of diets including three chemically different types of the "Ocean" paste on biochemical characteristics (glycolysis, the content of phosphofructokinase, dehydrogenase, glucoso-6- phosphate, demethylase, dimethylalaniline hydroxylase, ascorbic acid) of the liver of rats exposed to sodium fluoride overdosage. The test diets were compared with those containing conventional sources of protein (casein, beef). Acute exposure to sodium fluoride caused changes in the biochemical characteristics. The most appreciable changes were seen in the group of rats fed beef. As compared with control, the shifts in the biochemical characteristics were negligible provided the rats exposed to acute and chronic poisoning received the diet supplemented with the paste. No morphological changes were found in the internal organs. The data obtained indicate that the type C "Ocean" paste has a protective action in sodium fluoride poisoning. PMID- 7269449 TI - [Paste-like sour milk product for infant nutrition]. AB - A paste-like sour milk manufactured by means of souring the milk base (condensed or recovered skim milk containing 28-30% of dry substances) and various food constituents with the use of a ferment prepared on the basis of pure cultures of acidophilic bacillus maintains its properties of a temperature of 4-6 degrees C for 30 days. The product is manufactured ready for use, and as regards the composition, it approximates breast milk after dilution with water (1 : 3). It may be recommended for infant feeding. PMID- 7269450 TI - [Levels of tetracycline residues in meat products]. AB - The paper concerns the determination in rabbit experiments of tetracycline antibiotics in meat products and in half-finished meat products. Discusses the degree of chlortetracycline inactivation in meat products exposed to thermal treatment. Residual amounts of antibiotics detected both in meat samples and in half-finished products as well as the effect of thermal treatment on antibiotic inactivation in relation to their content in the products require that strict control should be exercised over the use of antibiotics in animal breeding. PMID- 7269451 TI - [Correlation between the output of enterotoxins and heat-stable nuclease by Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various environmental matter]. AB - Enterotoxins and thermostable DNase were found to occur concurrently in 94% of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated during staphylococcal food intoxications. The presence of thermostable DNase in the absence of enterotoxin was detected in 45.6% of the strains isolated from food and in 28.8% of the strains isolated from the nasopharynx of clinically normal people undergoing scheduled examinations. Thermostable DNase was detectable more consistently than enterotoxin which seems likely to be produced only under special conditions. The presence in food of thermostable DNase alone, as revealed by sanitary and bacteriological examination, does not always suggest the presence of thermostable DNase is more closely associated with the staphylococcal strains which are isolated from the found in the food itself, giving rise to staphylococcal food intoxications. PMID- 7269452 TI - [N-nitroso compounds in the food products in regions with a high stomach cancer morbidity]. AB - The content of cancerogenous N-nitrosamines (NA) was examined in food marketed in the regions with the increased gastric carcinoma incidence. The food was analyzed by means of the fluorescent technique. Some of food products, such as lard, corned beef, dried mushrooms were found to be contaminated with volatile NA, while vegetable and milk products contained negligible amounts of NA or did not contain them at all. PMID- 7269454 TI - [Possibility of using a graphic method for determining the biological value of protein mixtures]. PMID- 7269453 TI - [Comparative studies of food product contamination with carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the USSR and the GDR (methods of determining the benz (a) pyrene content)]. PMID- 7269455 TI - Hepatitis-associated with markers in the American Red Cross volunteer blood donor population. III. Influence of donor selection practice upon HBsAg prevalence. AB - The American Red Cross collects blood from a number of defined subsets of the donor population and teh proportion of blood collected from each subset varies widely from center to center. A large part of the variation in prevalence of HBsAg may be related to variations in the proportion of blood collected from plants and factories, military units and schools or colleges. We have derived a regression equation, significant at the p less than 0.001 level, which links HBsAg prevalence with these collection parameters. Using this equation, we were able to predict the prevelance of HBsAg among first-time donors in 6 of the 9 geographic divisions of the United States with an accuracy exceeding 10%. The predictions for the remaining division were within 35% of the actual value. Correlation studies were supported by measurements of true donor prevalence in three blood centers. PMID- 7269456 TI - Effect of age and 2,3-DPG content of transfused blood on serum erythropoietin. AB - Serum erythropoietin has been measured before and after transfusion of blood stored in acid citrate dextrose for varying periods of time. A greater fall in erythropoietin was found following the transfusion of fresh blood than after an equal amount of stored blood in which 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations were depleted. This confirms that expectations that in vivo tissue oxygenation is influenced by the oxygen affinity of transfused blood. PMID- 7269457 TI - Disputed parentage due to exchanged babies solved by HLA. AB - Two female newborns were suspected of having been exchanged. Each baby was tested for blood groups ABO, Rh and MN; for isoenzymes ADA, AcP1, GLO, PGM1, AK1 and for Hp; and for HLA-A and B phenotypes. In family 1 the baby girls was excluded on the basis of ADA, GLO, PGM1, AK1, Hp and HLA phenotypes. In family 2 the baby girl was excluded on the basis of Rh, PGM1, Hp and HLA phenotypes. Yet the phenotypes of each girl did fit with the parents of the other family. The odds for the babies to belong to the other families were 6.9 X 10(5):1 and 2.5 X 10(6):1. It could be seen that the odds obtained by HLA testing were much higher, usually by two or more orders of magnitude than those of each of the other marker systems. This makes the HLA an excellent single test for the resolution of disputed parentage. The odds of the simultaneous occurrence of 2 children each assigned to the other family was calculated to be 1.7 X 10(12):1. PMID- 7269458 TI - Lewis phenotypes of American Caucasians, American Negroes and their children. AB - Lewis antisera produced in goats was used to test the red blood cells of 1,818 unrelated American adults and 758 unrelated children. All lived in northeastern states of the USA. Among 950 Caucasian adults, the frequency of Le(a-b-), Le(a+b ), and Le(a-b+), red cell phenotypes was 9.7, 20.1 and 70.2%, respectively. Among 883 Negro adults, the frequency of these phenotypes was 28.5, 19.6 and 51.9%, respectively. Among 469 infants aged 1-24 months, the red cell phenotypes Le(a+b+) was found in 37.4% of 265 Caucasians and 13.2% of 204 Negroes. PMID- 7269459 TI - A new rare blood group antigen - "Mit". Probably genetic relationship with the MNSs blood group system. AB - A new low incidence blood group antigen "Mit", immunization to which may cause hemolytic disease of the newborn, is described. It is not part of the ABO, Duffy, Kidd, Rh or Yt blood group systems. Positive lods of +2.41 at O = 0.00 indicate that the odds are 256 to 1 that "Mit" is either part of the MNSs system or governed by a locus closely linked to MN and Ss. PMID- 7269460 TI - [Facets of party care]. PMID- 7269461 TI - [Effect of levamisole on the development of delayed type hypersensitivity]. PMID- 7269462 TI - [Changes in protein metabolism during immunization]. PMID- 7269464 TI - [Comparative evaluation of echoencephalographic and radioisotope scanning data in temporal lobe neoplasms]. PMID- 7269463 TI - [Use of photostimulation in the treatment of vasomotor headaches]. PMID- 7269465 TI - [Therapeutic and preventive measures in the prepathology and early stages of occupational diseases]. PMID- 7269466 TI - [Functional disorders in female agricultural field workers]. PMID- 7269467 TI - [Health status of workers engaged in primary flax processing]. PMID- 7269468 TI - [Protecting the health of industrial workers]. PMID- 7269470 TI - [Use of helium-neon laser radiation in the treatment of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7269469 TI - [Experience with clinical trials of the new anti-influenza drug rimantadine]. PMID- 7269471 TI - [Effect of upper respiratory tract diseases on the course of bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 7269472 TI - [Early signs of right ventricle insufficiency in miners with chronic aspecific lung disease]. PMID- 7269473 TI - [Complex immunologic examination in bronchial asthma and preasthma]. PMID- 7269474 TI - [Familial bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7269475 TI - [Vitamin content of the organs and tissues of persons dying from tuberculosis and chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 7269476 TI - [Case of primary lung sarcoma mimicking disseminated tuberculosis]. PMID- 7269477 TI - [Characteristics of external respiration in workers engaged in the production of polyvinyl chloride by the latex method]. PMID- 7269478 TI - [Effectiveness of treatment of tuberculous meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 7269481 TI - [Use of intragastric pH-metry in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7269480 TI - [Changes in the functional state of the digestive system after partial and complete resection of the pancreas]. PMID- 7269479 TI - [Gastric secretion in young patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7269482 TI - [Use of drugs in gastroenterological health resort practice]. PMID- 7269483 TI - [Activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in parotid saliva in parotid gland diseases]. PMID- 7269484 TI - [Lipid metabolism in diseases of the internal organs]. PMID- 7269485 TI - [Diabetic gastroparesis mimicking acute intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 7269486 TI - [Intractable hiccup in chronic kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 7269487 TI - [Filling of the left ventricle in ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension according to echocardiographic data]. PMID- 7269488 TI - [Program of research on the history of medicine and its significance for the further development of public health, medical education and medical science in the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 7269489 TI - [Characteristics of sinus arrhythmia in cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 7269490 TI - [Prevalence of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7269491 TI - [State of the fundus oculi in adolescents with primary arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7269492 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 7269493 TI - [Stability of serum protein-lipid complexes in lymphogranulomatosis and chronic lympholeukemia]. PMID- 7269494 TI - [Status of and measures for the further development of ambulatory-polyclinic services to the population of the Ukraine]. PMID- 7269495 TI - [Characteristics of cerebral hemodynamics during the performance of mental work in condition of different air temperatures]. PMID- 7269496 TI - [Effect of splenin and dietetic nutrition on the indices of natural immunity in workers in the antibiotics industry]. PMID- 7269497 TI - [Immunoenzyme mechanisms of nervous system disorders in mumps]. PMID- 7269498 TI - [Preventive medical examinations of agricultural workers]. PMID- 7269499 TI - [Effect of olitoriside and vitamin B12 on the content of adenylic nucleotides in the myocardium in acute cardiovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 7269500 TI - [Diagnostic significance of increases in the myoglobin level and CK MB activity in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7269501 TI - [Microcirculation and rheological properties of the blood in atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7269502 TI - [Dynamics of renal and systemic blood circulation during the treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 7269503 TI - [Cerebral hemodynamics and hemostasis in patients with transient disorders of the cerebral circulation in the rehabilitation period]. PMID- 7269504 TI - [Tietze's syndrome mimicking stenocardia]. PMID- 7269505 TI - [Tolosa-Hunt syndrome]. PMID- 7269506 TI - [Dynamics of indices of humoral non-specific immunity and cellular hypersensitivity in pneumonia]. PMID- 7269507 TI - [Characteristics of the microcirculation in acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7269508 TI - [Concentration of dimexide in the blood in diseases of the bronchopulmonary system]. PMID- 7269509 TI - [Potentialities of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of exudative pleurisy]. PMID- 7269510 TI - [Role of autoimmune disorders in the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease]. PMID- 7269511 TI - [Cytochemical characteristics and phagocytic properties of the neutrophils in chronic non-specific lung diseases and lung cancer]. PMID- 7269512 TI - [Metabolic disorders in acute poisoning and their correction by sodium succinate]. PMID- 7269513 TI - [Zonal rheography of the lungs in siderosilicotuberculosis]. PMID- 7269514 TI - [Case of subclavian artery thrombosis as a complication of fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis]. PMID- 7269515 TI - [Role of radioisotope scanning of the lungs in the determination of the indications for surgery in tuberculosis]. PMID- 7269516 TI - [Pulmonary ventilation in tuberculosis and chronic non-specific lung diseases in patients over 50 years old]. PMID- 7269517 TI - [Use of decaris in the complex treatment of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7269518 TI - [Changes in the lungs and heart in glomerulonephritis according to x-ray study data]. PMID- 7269519 TI - [Changes in lipid metabolism in the evolution of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7269520 TI - [Clinical-endoscopic-morphological parallels in determining the phase of activity of the inflammatory process in chronic gastritis]. PMID- 7269521 TI - [Motor function of the stomach in peptic ulcer undergoing treatment]. PMID- 7269522 TI - [Use of electrocolonography in chronic colitis]. PMID- 7269523 TI - [Treatment of non-specific ulcerative colitis taking into consideration long term prognosis]. PMID- 7269525 TI - [Comparative characteristics of influenza type A infection in adults and children during epidemics and interepidemic periods]. AB - Parallel serological examinations by CFT and HI test of paired sera from 18,557 patients and normal subjects in the period of influenza A/Hong Kong (H3N2) subtype virus in 1969-1976 revealed similar sensitivity of both methods for influenza diagnosis during epidemics, however in the interepidemic periods in these years the CFT was found to be more sensitive than HI. This observation referred to all age groups of the examined subjects with manifest or asymptomatic forms of influenza infection. In the interepidemic periods the rate of influenza in children was 6-8 times higher than that in adults. A sharp reduction in the HI sensitivity in the interepidemic periods indicates biological differences in influenza viruses circulating in these months of the year associated with clinical, epidemiological, and immunological features of influenza in the interepidemic period. PMID- 7269524 TI - [Accumulation of certain arenaviruses in transplantable VERO and BHK-21 cells]. AB - Production of Lassa and Machupo viruses in Vero and BHK-21 cells was studied in relation to various conditions of the infected cell cultivation and as a function of different multiplicities of infection. The highest titers (expressed in PFU/ml) were obtained when the cells were grown in roller bottles with daily changes of the medium. The maximum titer in Lassa virus-infected cells was over 10(6), in Machupo virus-infected cells over 10(7). The effect of the autointerfering factor on the growth of Machupo virus was demonstrated. An increase in the multiplicity of infection led to a decrease in the yield of Machupo virus. Production of Pichinde and Machupo viruses in a monocyclic growth experiment was studied. The maximum yield of cell-associated and extracellular Pichinde virus was obtained at 24-32 hours postinfection, and that of extracellular Machupo virus at 32-40 hours postinfection. PMID- 7269526 TI - [Conditions for maintaining the biological properties of FL cell cultures during long distance shipping]. PMID- 7269527 TI - [Inhibitory effect of remantadine hydrochloride on oncornavirus production and transformation of a continuous culture of mouse leukemia cells]. AB - 20-methylcholantrene in a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml and exposure for 72 hours as well as in a concentration of 2.5 micrograms/ml and exposure for 72 and 240 hours caused transformation of a continuous mouse leukemia cell culture producing Rauscher leukemia virus. Remantadine hydrochloride in non-toxic concentrations (12.5 and 6.25 micrograms/ml) decreased infectious virus production by cells of this culture and prevented its transformation by 20 methylcholantrene for 6 months. PMID- 7269528 TI - [Animal and viral mRNA translation in a mRNA-dependent cell-free system and rabbit reticulocytes]. AB - A system of cell-free synthesis from rabbit reticulocytes is described. A method of repeated bloodlettings for induction of reticulocytosis was used. The lysate of washed reticulocytes was treated with micrococcus nuclease enabling effective inhibition of synthesis in endogenous templates. The translating activity is manifested most completely in the presence of the following compounds: ATP, GTP, ATP-regenerating system, SH-compounds, polyamines, tRNA. This system must be optimized in K+ and Mg2+ concentrations for different templates. The system is tolerant to high concentrations of rRNA which allows the utilization of total RNA preparations in the experiments. This system may be satisfactorily used for translation of mRNA of different origins. PMID- 7269529 TI - [Electron microscopic study of cell cultures chronically infected with fixed rabies virus]. AB - HEp-2 and Vero cell cultures chronically infected with rabies virus were examined electron microscopically. In the cytoplasm and intercellular spaces of these cultures structures were found morphologically similar to virus particles previously described in cells acutely infected with rabies virus. The observed virus particles were elongated, oval or spherical in shape. Their inner structure appeared as homogeneous material of varying optic density surrounded with a 3 layer membrane. Changes in the ultrastructural organization of the infected cells were observed consisting in the appearance of lipid inclusions, formation of structures of concentrically packed membranes, formation of multilayer areas of the cell membrane. PMID- 7269530 TI - [Effect of enteroviruses on the ecology of intestinal bacteria]. AB - The rate of isolation of some enteric bacteria from normal children and those suffering from diseases caused by ECHO viruses was studied. Enterovirus infection was shown to cause characteristic disturbance of microbial biocenosis in the large intestine differing from similar disorders in other intestinal diseases: a decrease in the total number of enterobacteria with predominant replication of escherichia not fermenting lactose. Enteroviruses exert a mediated effect on enteric microorganism population changing the physico-chemical properties of their environment. PMID- 7269531 TI - [Effect of certain physico-chemical factors on arenaviruses]. PMID- 7269532 TI - [Effect of ribovirin (virazole) on arenavirus reproduction in cell cultures]. PMID- 7269533 TI - [Application of the immunoenzyme technic (ELISA) to chlamydia infections]. PMID- 7269534 TI - [Genetic basis for the host response to hepatitis B virus infection]. PMID- 7269535 TI - [Basis of the anthroponotic nature of human pandemic influenza A viruses]. PMID- 7269536 TI - [Fiber colonoscopic and histomorphological characteristics of true polyps of the large intestine]. AB - By fibrocolonoscopy, fibrocolonoscopic biopsy, polypectomy, operation resp., one hundred and eight true polypi in the colon of 75 patients were studied, grouped according to localization: in caecum -- 2.8 per cent, in ascending colon -- II. I per cent, transverse colon -- 13.9 per cent, descending colon -- 19.4 per cent, in sigmoid colon -- 40.8 per cent and in rectum -- 12 per cent. Endoscopically they were grouped as follows: adenomatous -- 91.7 per cent and villous -- 8.3 per cent and after the pathohistological examination as: adenomatous 73.3 per cent, adenovillous -- 17.2 per cent and villous -- 9.5 per cent. In 40 (52.8%) of the cases, well differentiated polypi were concerned (I grade); in 30 (38%) -- moderately differentiated polypi (II grade) and in 5 (6.5%) -- poorly differentiated polypi (III grade). The studies revealed that the pathohistological examination was a method, specifying the morphological structure of polypus, determining the therapeutic behaviour of the clinicists. Fibrocolonoscopic polyrectomy solves the problem of diagnostics and treatment of the true polypi, contributing to the prophylaxis of colon carcinoma. PMID- 7269537 TI - [Ventricular preexcitation syndrome (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome)]. AB - On the base of 25-year follow up on 88 subjects with Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome the results obtained from the studies are reported -- a syndrome being found from the clinically and electrocardiologically examined patients: males 67.2 per cent and 31.8 per cent -- females. Clinically healthy were 32 (36.35%) and the following diseases of the cardiovascular system were detected with the dynamic follow up of the rest 56 subjects: 27.25 per cent rheumocarditis or rheumatic valvular disease, tonsillo-cardiac syndrome in 11.4 per cent, chronic ischemic heart disease in 12.5 per cent, heart infarction, acute stage -- in 3, hypertonic states -- in 6 and with congenital tricuspidal malformation of Ebstein and with thyreoto ic heart. The electrocardiographic characteristic showed type A in 37.5 per cent type B in 54.7 per cent and syndrome of Lown-Ganumg-Levin in 7.8 per cent. A transitory form of the syndrome was found in 11.4 per cent and in 6.8 per cent -- intermittent form. Paroxysmal tachycarida was found in 49 cases (55.8%), supraventricular form being the case in 39 of them, ventricular in 5 and on another 5 -- paroxysmal fibrillation -- tachycardia form. The concept is advanced that the presence of paranodal ectopic excitation centers with enhanced activity and functional lability of A-V node are of pathogenetic importance in the acquired forms of WPW syndrome. PMID- 7269538 TI - [Clinical use of sequential ultrafiltration with chronic hemodialysis patients]. AB - Twenty one sequential ultrafiltration dialysis were performed to 14 patients with chronic hemodialysis, with a duration of the dialysis treatment from 2 months to 5 years. Dry ultrafiltration--2.1-5.2 litres filtrate was obtained within 90 minutes. The sequential dialysis has numerous advantages over the usual hemodialysis. Apart from the good tolerance of the patients with overweight, some other indications for its performance was stressed upon in the paper, namely: cardiac asthma, arterial hypertension difficult to correct by hemodialysis and drugs, osteodystrophia, itching during dialysis and after it, vomiting and headache during dialysis and in-between dialysis periods, pains in the legs. The patients tolerated the procedure without any complaints. PMID- 7269539 TI - [New phenomena from a genealogical study of Balkan endemic nephropathy in Bulgaria]. AB - The concepts "export" and "import" of BEN are introduced for the first time, admitting to be the ways of spread and expanding the parameters of disease effect -- by marriages of sick, from affected families, with healthy subjects -- from healthy families and settlement. The occurrence of new BEN cases in those families and settlements is explained by the "import of genetic information for BEN." The phenomenon "obviation" of BEN from the families could be of great importance for the medical-genetic consultation, with a view to the prophylaxis of the disease. PMID- 7269540 TI - [Clinical effectiveness of specific hyposensitisization in treating bronchial asthma depending on the time of its application]. AB - During the period 1974-1979, an allergologic study was carried out on 7228 patients from six districts of North-East Bulgaria. Specific hyposensibilization was conducted to 3312 patients, the effect having been followed up in 2004 of them. Young patients with infectious-allergic forms predominated, with a moderately severe course and duration from 2 to 5 years. The specific hyposensibilization was conducted according to the officially adopted method, the effectiveness determined via clinical criteria. The specific hyposensibilization effect develops slowly, the percentage of favourable effect increasing with long term treatment -- good results were attained after one year treatment in 10.97 per cent, with a two-year treatment -- in 42.56 per cent, with three-years -- 54.47 per cent, with four years -- 61.27 per cent. PMID- 7269541 TI - [Bundle-branch block depending on the heart rate]. AB - Twenty nine patients are described with transitory bundle branch block due to medicamentosus treatment of 386 patients with paroxysmal tachycardia. The block lasted from 1 to 48 hours and faded without any drug therapy. Three of the patients followed up for about two years died suddenly (very likely rhythm death), 8 had no further paroxysmal tachycardia, 18 patients had from 8 to 12 paroxysms during that period and in only 6 (20.7%) -- a second transitory bundle branch block recorded. The transitory bundle branch block, depending on heart rate could be explained by the latently existing lesion of one of His bundle branches. That lesion could be manifested during a longlasting paroxysm, due to the highly accelerated cardiac activity, developing into a disorder in the repolarization of branches of the bundle. PMID- 7269542 TI - [WHO Working Group and the International Society and Federation of Cardiology. Definition of terms related to heart rhythm]. PMID- 7269543 TI - [Thrombohemorrhagic syndrome as the 1st manifestation of stomach cancer with multiple tumor embolisms in the microcirculation]. AB - Two patients were described that died of gastric carcinoma, the first clinical manifestations of the disease being a hemorrhagic diathesis. The morphological examination revealed multiple tumour emboli in microcirculation of bone morrow and internal organs, that led to the development of disseminated intravasal coagulation with consumptive coagulopathy. Megacarycytosis was observed in bone marrow and spleen as well as megacaryocytemia in lungs as a manifestation of compensatory reaction. PMID- 7269544 TI - WHO Executive Board: sixty-seventh session. Executive Board reviews, endorses 1982-83 programme budget. PMID- 7269545 TI - World Health Day 1981. Health for all by the year 2000. PMID- 7269546 TI - Aspects of fertility control in the caribbean. PMID- 7269547 TI - Highly selective vagotomy for chronic duodenal ulcer. Results of gastric acid secretion studies. PMID- 7269548 TI - A review of 98 cases of near-drowning at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados. PMID- 7269549 TI - The pattern of childhood skin diseases in Jamaica. PMID- 7269550 TI - Supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children in Guyana. PMID- 7269551 TI - Thymic cyst of the neck. PMID- 7269552 TI - Diabetic scleredema. PMID- 7269553 TI - Infant feeding practices in St. Vincent and factors which affect them. PMID- 7269554 TI - The hemolytic-uremic syndrome. AB - Our experience with 61 episodes of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in 60 patients showed a mean patient age of 3 years and a higher incidence of the disease during the summer months. Diarrhea, often bloody, preceded the other features of the illness in 93 percent of the cases. Hemolytic anemia, hematuria and proteinuria occurred in all of the patients. Thrombocytopenia and severe azotemia (blood urea nitrogen greater than 100 mg per dl) occurred in 74 percent and 72 percent of the children, respectively. Blood transfusions were necessary in 64 percent and dialysis was required in 54 percent of the cases. Mortality was low (5 percent) and 85 percent of the children had a complete recovery. PMID- 7269555 TI - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the management of thyroid nodules. AB - A prospective study was carried out of 136 patients with thyroid nodules. In all of the cases, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology was used in the clinical management. Of the specimens taken, 129 were satisfactory for cytology; 5 were clearly malignant and the diagnosis was confirmed during surgical operation. The diagnosis of follicular neoplasm or "suspicious for malignancy" was made in 29 patients. Operations were done in 21; adenoma was found in 15, cancer in 2 and multinodular goiter in 4. The cases in which a benign diagnosis was made are being followed clinically. From these data and a review of the literature, a plan for the management of patients with thyroid nodules can be outlined. FNA biopsy of the thyroid is an excellent method for eliminating unnecessary operations in patients with thyroid nodules. PMID- 7269556 TI - Penile revascularization in the treatment of impotence. AB - New clinical developments in the diagnosis and treatment of male sexual dysfunction have occurred in the past several years. Much of this information has not been disseminated to the general medical public. Of particular note, a series of reliable penile prosthetic devices for the treatment of advanced erectile dysfunction is now considered to be established and valid surgical therapy. The new diagnostic techniques of nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring, penile plethysmography, penile sphygmomanometry and phalloarteriography are beginning to show that some patients with erectile impotence have arteriosclerosis of the penile arteries. These patients were formerly considered to have psychogenic or idiopathic impotence. Some of these patients with vasculogenic impotence may benefit from the new surgical technique of penile revascularization, thus obviating the need for penile prosthetic implants.A preliminary report of a small series of cases of corpus cavernosum revascularization using the microsurgical implantation of the inferior epigastric artery directly into the corpus cavernosum with prolonged systemic anticoagulation gives a cure/improvement rate of 40 percent. Better selection of patients for operation and perfection of surgical technique offer the chance for improvement in this rate of success. The proper role of corpus cavernosum revascularization in the treatment of impotence remains to be clearly defined. However, these preliminary results, coupled with several reports from Europe, are sufficiently encouraging to justify continued clinical investigation and surgical experience with penile revascularization for vasculogenic impotence. PMID- 7269557 TI - Bronchogenic cyst presenting subsequent to intrapleural rupture. PMID- 7269558 TI - Unilateral hydrothorax secondary to ascites demonstration by a noninvasive radionuclide imaging technique. PMID- 7269562 TI - Xeromammography versus screen-film mammography--pros and cons of the two techniques. PMID- 7269561 TI - Medical Staff Conference, aortoenteric fistula. PMID- 7269559 TI - Psychopharmacology in medical practice--the benefits and the risks. AB - Psychopharmacology has become a major approach to treatment in primary medical care. However, combined psychiatric and medical illness can give rise to some challenging diagnostic problems. Furthermore, drug treatment of patients with such illnesses can involve important drug-disease interactions and drug-drug interactions. One should keep in mind the issues that arise when an emotionally troubled patient would benefit from a psychotropic drug but a concurrent medical illness complicates this treatment. An awareness of both the medical and psychiatric issues involved may make successful treatment possible. PMID- 7269560 TI - Thrombosis: its role and prevention in cardiovascular events--Part I. Concepts of thrombogenesis and its prevention. PMID- 7269563 TI - Advances in burn care. PMID- 7269564 TI - [Observations on the source of surgical wound infection]. PMID- 7269565 TI - [Treatment of common warts by various methods]. PMID- 7269566 TI - [Coronary circulation disorders in patients with lung cancer treated by radiotherapy]. PMID- 7269567 TI - [Round shadow in the lung coexisting with breast cancer as a diagnostic problem]. PMID- 7269568 TI - [Primary cancer and suppurative appendicitis]. PMID- 7269569 TI - [Rare case of drainage of cystic duct into the hepatic duct]. PMID- 7269570 TI - [Case of 2-stage traumatic aortic rupture]. PMID- 7269571 TI - [Case of cerebellar concussion]. PMID- 7269572 TI - [Post-traumatic cervical spine syndrome]. PMID- 7269573 TI - [Clinico-immunological aspects of histiocytosis]. PMID- 7269574 TI - [Late results of conservative treatment of kidney injuries]. PMID- 7269575 TI - [Occurrence of enterotoxins A and B in Staphylococcus epidermidis strains]. PMID- 7269576 TI - [Primary renal cancer with pulmonary metastases and fulminant clinical course]. PMID- 7269577 TI - [Unusual foreign body as a cause of intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 7269578 TI - [Chest wall tumors - case reports]. PMID- 7269579 TI - [Inflammatory cecal tumor caused by diverticulitis]. PMID- 7269580 TI - [External burns caused by a stream of hot phenol]. PMID- 7269581 TI - [Familial idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a 2-year-old girl]. PMID- 7269582 TI - [Maxillary ameloblastoma]. PMID- 7269583 TI - [Uterine prolapse during labor]. PMID- 7269584 TI - [Psychopathological aspects of Stein-Leventhal syndrome]. PMID- 7269585 TI - [Case of Schistosoma haematobium invasion]. PMID- 7269586 TI - [Various problems of diagnosis and surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst]. PMID- 7269587 TI - [Blood lysozyme activity in burns and granulating wounds]. PMID- 7269588 TI - [Plasma hemostasis disorders in patients with pulmonary heart disease and manifest right-ventricular circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 7269589 TI - [Preliminary clinical evaluation of the function of Tesla pacemakers]. PMID- 7269590 TI - [Radiospirometry and perfusion scintigraphy in bronchiectasis]. PMID- 7269591 TI - [Liver damage in cholelithiasis complicated or not by cholangitis]. PMID- 7269592 TI - [Experiences with intramuscular implantation of esperal]. PMID- 7269593 TI - [Use of substitute feedback methods for improving walking ability in patients after stroke]. PMID- 7269594 TI - [Tactics of a traumatologist in multiple injuries]. PMID- 7269595 TI - [Tuberculosis of the central nervous system - diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties]. PMID- 7269596 TI - [Case of giant-cell arteritis]. PMID- 7269597 TI - [Method of excision of intraductal breast papilloma]. PMID- 7269598 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in primary fallopian tube cancer]. PMID- 7269599 TI - [Occurrence of atypical mycobacteria in patients registered in pulmonology and tuberculosis outpatient clinics]. PMID- 7269600 TI - [Analysis of the incidence of influenza in the former warsaw province in 1971]. PMID- 7269601 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in the former Kielce province during the years 1969-1973]. PMID- 7269602 TI - [Drug resistance of pathogenic staphylococci]. PMID- 7269603 TI - [Incidence of migraine headaches among industrial workers]. PMID- 7269604 TI - [Case of pneumonia caused by Listeria monocytogenes]. PMID- 7269605 TI - [Case of jaundice caused by congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]. PMID- 7269606 TI - [CRST syndrome (Thibierge-Weissenbach syndrome) in a patient with 13-year history of systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 7269607 TI - [2 cases of abdominal actinomycosis simulating malignant infiltration of the bladder]. PMID- 7269608 TI - [2 cases of Malherbe's calcifying epithelioma in extracephalic location]. PMID- 7269609 TI - [Acute internal hemorrhage caused by a ruptured vein in a uterine myoma]. PMID- 7269611 TI - [On the nature of human sexuality]. PMID- 7269610 TI - [Tumor-like osteomyelitis simulating fibrous dysplasia of bone]. PMID- 7269612 TI - [Clinical pathological analysis of peripartum maternal mortality (author's transl)]. AB - All maternal deaths which occurred in relation to labour at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Graz, between 1963 and 1978 were reviewed and analysed. 24 mothers died over this 15-year period. The maternal death rate was 0.34 per thousand. In all cases a post mortem examination was performed. The youngest woman was 19, the oldest 42 years old. Most of the decreased mothers were primiparae. The main cause of maternal death was post partum haemorrhage, followed by infection of the uterus especially after Caesarean section. Three mothers died of liver distrophy. The remaining causes were eclampsia (2 cases); pulmonary artery embolism after Caesarean section (2 cases); irreversible shock from amniotic fluid and air embolism (one case each); uraemia due to glomerulo- or pyelonephritis (one case each); malignant melanoma (one case). It is demonstrated that special risk factors are advanced maternal age, low social status and lack of antenatal care. PMID- 7269613 TI - [Pregnancy and delivery in 12 to 15 year-old girls (author's transl)]. AB - From January 1st 1974 to March 1st 1980, altogether 51 girls under the age of 16 were admitted for delivery at the 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Vienna, Medical School. By means of the following parameters, i. e. premature birth rate = 5.9%, rate of gestosis (GI greater than 3) = 3.9 and perinatal mortality rate = 0, the question of clinical assessment of gestation as high-risk pregnancy in the case of young girls in discussed yet again. For the total number of reported cases within the specified period, the rate of premature birth is 8.7%, the corresponding rate of gestosis is 6.7 and the overall perinatal mortality rate is 1.6%. PMID- 7269614 TI - [The prognostic significance of stromal reaction and other histopathological parameters after Wertheim radical hysterectomy (author's transl)]. AB - From 1969 to 1975 138 women were treated by Wertheim radical hysterectomy for invasive cancer of the cervix (28% stage IA, 54% stage IB, 9% stage IIA, and 9% stage IIB). 121 women were followed up for 5 years. The 5-year survival rate was 100% in stage IA cases, 88% in stage 1B and 75% in stage II patients. The following histopathological criteria and their prognostic significance were reviewed: stromal reaction, histological type, pattern of invasive spread, relationship to blood vessels and lymphatics, and regional lymph node metastasis. All patients with a strong stromal reaction were alive 5 year after the operation Undifferentiated carcinomas were seen much more frequently in the group of patients who died within 5 years. The pattern of invasive spread has no prognostic significance. All patients in whom the tumour had not spread to blood vessels and lymphatics survived more than 5 years. A strong stromal reaction seems to indicate a good host response and permits a more favourable prognosis to be made. PMID- 7269615 TI - [Intrauterine contraception with copper-T 200 device- a retrospective analysis of 334 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A review is given of the findings obtained in 334 women in whom a Cu-T 200 intrauterine device had been inserted at least two years previously and regular follow-up examinations were subsequently undertaken. The most frequent indications were an expressed preference for IUD on the patient's part (38.3%), poor tolerance to the "pill" (24.8%) and so-called "pill fatigue" (11.1%). Varicose veins led to IUD preference in 8.1% and thromboembolic disease in 6.-%. The failure rate - with 12 pregnancies - was 3.6%, all within 6 months of insertion of the device. Half of the pregnancies went to full term and resulted in the birth of mature, healthy babies. The most frequent complication were menstrual disturbances (20.1%). pain (19.5%), cervicitis (18.3%), and adnexitis (13.8%), necessitating removal of the device in 5.7%, 4.2%, 5.1%, and 0.6% of all cases for the afore-mentioned reasons, respectively. These rates are relatively high. The expulsion rate of 2.7% was relatively low, however. Further analysis of the complications led to the observation that menorrhagia was relatively common in nulliparae and in women with retroversion of the uterus, whereas the pre insertion finding of a pressure-sensitive uterus with a normal ESR, led in a significantly higher percentage of cases to pain and adnexitis. The diagnosis by vaginal probe of a reduced uterine length led to faulty positioning and an increased tendency to pain in a significantly higher number of cases. The fact that only 56.6% of all women tolerated intrauterine contraception well and remained totally symptom-free supports th view held by us that even today the "pill" remains the contraceptive of choice and should be recommended as such. PMID- 7269616 TI - [Shortening of interval between first and second TBE vaccination in asthmatic children (author's transl)]. AB - 37 children suffering from asthma had to be vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) with an interval of only 10 days between the first two vaccinations. Sufficient antibodies were detected in samples taken 14 days after the second injection. No differences were found between the results in this group of asthmatic children and in children who were vaccinated with the usual interval of 1 to 3 months elapsing between the first two injections. The asthmatic children tolerated the vaccination very well, moreover the indicence of side reactions was not different from that of the control group. PMID- 7269617 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of surgical therapy of extracranial vascular occlusion causing stroke (author's transl)]. AB - On account of feared postoperative deterioration of the neurological condition and the high mortality, the indication for surgical therapy of a stroke of extracranial origin is often questioned. The mortality rate lies between 6.5% and 42%. Compared with the spontaneous healing process of the apoplectic insult by means of conservative therapy this demonstrates on average a smaller early mortality with a simultaneous higher remission rate of the neurological findings of maximally 70% compared with 48%. 90% of the predominantly arteriosclerotic carotid occlusions occur in the bifurcation area. 40% of the cases undergo additional stenosis or occlusion of the remaining arteries of the brain. Because of the knowledge of the pathogenesis and the pathophysiology of brain oedema on the remaining arteries of the brain. Because of the knowledge of the pathogenesis and the pathophysiology of brain oedema on the one hand, and the periodic relationship of carotid occlusion and incipient thrombosis on the other hand, the 6-hour limit is considered of great significance for operational success. The condition of angiographically-visible intracerebral collateralization and the strict elimination of all patients with unconsciousness or paralysis set forth further important criteria which must be fulfilled before operative procedures are contemplated. The performance of cerebral panangiography gives additional information about stenosis or occlusion of the other arteries. Indications for operation of extracerebral carotid occlusion must be determined individually on the basis of the above-mentioned guidelines. PMID- 7269618 TI - [Lactate acidosis in the cerebrospinal fluid as a prognostic parameter of malacic cerebral insult (author's transl)]. AB - The concentrations of lactate and pyruvate were determined in 111 CSF and blood samples. The CSF and blood chemistry of 43 patients with a lateralized ischaemic cerebral insult was compared with that of a control group of 18 patients. The first tests were carried out within 24 to 48 hours and 50 follow-up determinations were undertaken in the cerebral insult group. The patients were classified according to their level of consciousness (lucid-somnolent-soporous comatose). Covariance analysis revealed a distinct relation between the CSF chemistry and the level of consciousness of the insult patients; accordingly, a continuous increase in the lactate level from 1.54 mmol/l to 3.48 mmol/l and in the pyruvate level from 0.11 mmol/l to 0.21 mmol/l was noted. Spearman's correlation analysis also pointed to a statistically significant correlation between decreasing levels of consciousness and the CSF lactate/pyruvate quotient. The increase in the CSF/blood quotient of lactate from 1.17 to 2.14, corresponding to the decrease in the level of consciousness, also indicates that during the early stages of the disease, cerebral tissue hypoxia is reflected in the CSF rather than in the blood. Further subdivision of the groups according to whether the patients survived or died, showed that the critical maximum concentrations from the prognostic point of view are 2.74 +/- 0.19 mmol/l in the case of CSF lactate, 0.186 +/- 0.017 in the case of CSF pyruvate and 1.92 +/- 0.65 for the CSF/blood quotient of lactate. None of the patients with a CSF lactate level of 3.1 mmol/l or more survived the ischaemic cerebral insult. Thus, the above-mentioned parameters are to be regarded as important indicators of the threat to the patient's life. PMID- 7269619 TI - [External ventricular drainage: a possible method of treating cerebrospinal shunt infections and ventriculitis (author's transl)]. AB - Infectious complications of hydrocephalus shunts are serious problems. A possible method of treating such infections is by external ventricular drainage (EVD). 20 patients - 17 with infected shunts, 3 with neonatal meningitis, ventriculitis and subsequent hydrocephalus - were treated by EVD and the results are presented in this report. The advantages of the procedure are control of the intraventricular pressure to bring it within normal limits and the possibility of intraventricular antibiotic instillation to supplement systemic therapy. Furthermore, the optimal operation time for the definitive shunt can be assessed by EVD once the infection has been overcome. PMID- 7269620 TI - [The role of cardiac disease in the causation of cerebrovascular syndromes (author's transl)]. AB - To obtain a clearer definition of the influence of cardiac disease on the development of cerebrovascular disease (CVD), we carried out a comparative study of two groups of patients, matched for age and sex, one with and one without CVD. These were compared with regard to the incidence of cardiac disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. On comparing the groups as a whole a significant preponderance of hypertension is shown in patients with CVD, but no significant difference in the frequency of cardiac disease. With regard to the site of the lesion in CVD there is a clear preponderance of cardiac arrhythmias when the territory of the carotid artery is affected. This seems to favour an embolic, rather than a haemodynamic mechanism in the aetiology of cardiogenic CVD. Hence, it follows for therapeutic purposes that in the case of arrhythmias, prophylaxis with aggregation-inhibiting drugs to prevent recurrence of embolism and adequate treatment of hypertension are useful measures, whereas administration of digitalis should be determined only by the presence of cardiac insufficiency. PMID- 7269621 TI - [Epidemiology and malignant tumours (author's transl)]. AB - Epidemiology is considered as an important tool in the assessment of data to predict the work load of hospitals and the public health service. These prospective measurements can best be made on the basis of the regional cancer registers which comprise all cancer patients in the whole population. A second aim of epidemiology is the incrimination and description of carcinogenic factors in the environment and risk factors based on the mode of life of the population. Results on pollution of the environment with carcinogenic substances industrial hazards from carcinogenic substances and also possible mechanisms of exogenously caused carcinogenesis are discussed. A further important need lies in the calculation of the prognosis of various malignant diseases and staging for clinical purposes. This is, furthermore, the basis for the evaluation of therapeutic management and the evaluation of the effectiveness of methods used to improve early diagnosis. Further aims are the estimation of an increase or decrease in incidence rates of various cancer types in comparison with previous survey periods, from which important prognoses as regards future cancer incidence rates can be drawn. PMID- 7269622 TI - [Accuracy of computed tomography in urological tumour diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - The value of CT in comparison with other partly invasive diagnostic measures was assessed in 127 urological patients with the diagnosis "expansive process of the kidney" or "tumour" (bladder, prostate and testicles). The significance, the margin of error and correspondence with surgical and medical findings are described. Computed tomography represents a valuable supplement to tumour diagnosis in urology. It is accurate, offers basic information for radiation planning and polychemotherapy, is useful in control check-ups of patients with tumours of the kidney or testicles and should be employed in spite of the relatively high expense if a tumour is suspected. PMID- 7269623 TI - [Abuse of phenacetin-containing analgesics and carcinoma of the renal pelvis (author's transl)]. AB - 39 carcinomas of the renal pelvis diagnosed between 1968 and 1979 were retrospectively examined for capillary sclerosis in the ureters, which is pathognomonic of phenacetin abuse by the patient. We detected that 40% of the patients displayed capillary sclerosis; abuse was recorded in the case histories in only one quarter of these patients with capillary sclerosis. Hence if follows that 1. the sale of phenacetin-containing analgesics without medical prescription should be prohibited by legislation; 2. physicians, as well as patients, should be informed much more intensively about this problem; 3. patients who are known to abuse phenacetin-containing analgesics must be submitted to regular cytological examination of the urine. PMID- 7269624 TI - [Subjective and objective effects of music use during mental effort]. AB - The subjective and objective effects of music consumption during intellectual work were assessed by a special questionnaire and the concentration paper-pencil test (Brickencamp). Three different styles of music (pop-music, classical music and folk-music) were presented in a standardized way. It appeared that pop-music was experienced to be less conscious, less irritable and more pleasant than classical music. Although there was a subjective preference for pop- and folk music an adequate increase of the concentration-test-scores could not be ascertained. On the contrary a significant discrepancy was found between subjective recorded music-effect and objective measured task-performance. Under the condition of classical music which was least preferred there was a significant greater variance of false responses than under the condition of no music. Nevertheless the total output of the discrimination-task was relatively the highest during classical music. The results are interpreted primarily as an enhanced psycho-physiological activation and a different selective concentration on music-presentation and task-demands. In accordance with empirical findings on psychological and physiological effects of music the results of this study reinforce the statement that also i mental activities music per se does not principally increase or lower the task output. PMID- 7269625 TI - [Late hemorrhage after renal biopsy (author's transl)]. AB - Report on the rare incidence of a late hemorrhage 15 days after a percutaneous renal biopsy. The possible causes are discussed. PMID- 7269627 TI - [The psychosomatic-gynecological outpatients department of the II. Gynecological Clinic of the University of Vienna (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on the organization and practice of an outpatients departments for psychosomatics in gynecology. The data of 284 patients concerning social status, possible trigger mechanisms (life events), diagnosis and treatment are presented. The applied therapeutic technique can be described as client centered counselling basing on psychoanalytic theory. the importance of cooperation between psychotherapist and gynecologist to the woman's benefit is emphasized. PMID- 7269626 TI - [Multidimensional diagnostics of 121 suicides (author's transl)]. AB - 121 suicides in the province of Salzburg in 1978 were subjected to multidimensional diagnostics. In all 94 accurately diagnosable cases a hereditary and/or acute brainsubstrate modification was found. The analysis of the typical symptom and syndrome configurations shows among other things a suicidal axis syndrome, which should be significant for the assessment and treatment of suicidality. PMID- 7269628 TI - Intersectoral coordination and health in environmental management. An examination of national experience. PMID- 7269629 TI - What physicians should know about children with learning disabilities. PMID- 7269630 TI - Diagnostic ultrasound increases sister chromatid exchange; preliminary report. PMID- 7269631 TI - Antral G-cell hyperplasia (gastrinosis, gastrincytoma). PMID- 7269632 TI - Is radionuclide brain scanning an adequate evaluation for cerebral metastases in asymptomatic lung cancer patients? PMID- 7269633 TI - Regional distribution of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in rabbit brain. PMID- 7269634 TI - Effect of dexamethasone and epinephrine on metallothionein level in the perfused rat liver. PMID- 7269635 TI - Morphologic effects of oral contraceptives (Norinyle) on the guinea pig liver. PMID- 7269636 TI - Cultural and biochemical characteristics of clinical isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila. PMID- 7269637 TI - A clinical evaluation of Thrombo-Wellcotest as a screening test for D.I.C. PMID- 7269638 TI - Congenital toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7269639 TI - Studies on the hepatic accumulation of triglyceride induced by chronic ethanol administration in rats fed with various diets. PMID- 7269641 TI - Treatment of Methaqualone overdose with resin hemoperfusion. AB - We recently utilized the technique of resin hemoperfusion (employing an Amberlite XAD-4 resin cartridge) to remove drug from a patient i deep coma after an estimated ingestion of greater than 4.5 grams of methaqualone. At plasma flow rates of 204 ml/min, the mean value for plasma clearance of methaqualone was 179 ml/min. The amount of methaqualone recovered from the cartridge at the end of the 10-hour procedure was 1,565 mg measured by gas chromatography. The patient became responsive to deep pain by the end of the procedure. The only complication encountered was a transient decrease in the formed blood elements. The present study verifies that a large, pharmacologically significance quantity of methaqualone can be removed in a short time using resin hemoperfusion. PMID- 7269643 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: experience with 22 unselected patients with renal failure. AB - The present study describes our experience with CAPD in an unselected group of patients presenting with endstage renal failure. Twenty-three consecutive patients were offered CAPD, in-center, and home hemodialysis. Twenty-two patients selected CAPD, including 14 patients more than 60 years of age, four patients with diabetes, and one with multiple myeloma. CAPD training was performed in an out-of-hospital office facility. One patient returned to hemodialysis following the development of resistant Pseudomonas peritonitis, two patients died of a myocardial infarction, and one patient died with a GI bleed. The other 18 patients are doing well. Assessment of 17 patients maintained on therapy for four months or more revealed that the patients are less depressed, less organic, and have fewer physical symptoms than previously reported for a comparable group of patients maintained on hemodialysis for a similar period of time. In conclusion, CAPD can be successfully employed, at least for the initial months of therapy, to treat the vast majority of patients with endstage renal disease. CAPD training and follow-up care can be provided in an out-of-hospital office facility. PMID- 7269640 TI - Neoplasms in domestic animals: a review of experimental and spontaneous carcinogenesis. AB - Clues to environmental and host factors in human oncogenesis are derived from clinical or epidemiologic studies; additional evidence is provided by animal experimentation. Induced tumors in animals are useful because of their reproducibility and predictability, allowing detailed study of specific carcinogens or carcinogenic influences. Spontaneously or naturally occurring tumors in domestic animals are of particular interest for comparative studies - these tumors occur in heterogenous outbred populations of animal closely sharing man's environment; their cause is generally unknown; many tumors occur in numbers suitable for detailed investigations; and tumors generally occur in aged animals, thus facilitating study of chronic processes associated with carcinogenesis in nature. PMID- 7269642 TI - The proliferative capacity of pure red cell aplasia bone marrow cells. AB - Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a heterogeneous disorder. Immunologic abnormalities have recently been uncovered suggesting that both cell-mediated and humoral immune mechanisms may be of etiological importance in PRCA. Utilizing a technique for the cloning of bone marrow erythroid precursors, we determined the in vitro proliferative capacity of erythroid cells obtained from 21 patients with PRCA. Bone marrow cells from one group of patients produced normal or increased numbers of erythroid colonies while the in vitro proliferative capacity of bone marrow cells from a second group was characterized by subnormal erythroid colony formation. Sera obtained from the former group was frequently associated with demonstrable serum inhibitors of erythropoiesis, while PRCA in the latter group was probably the consequence of intrinsic erythroid stem cell defects or pathologic cellular interactions with nonerythroid regulatory cells. This survey of a relatively large population of patients with PRCA provides evidence for the multiple causative mechanisms that can be operative in the production of PRCA. PMID- 7269644 TI - [Cell wall polysaccharide structure in the food protein yeast, Candida spec. H. II. Characterization of phosphate binding to the mannan-protein-phosphate complex and identification of phosphodiester-bound mono- oligosaccharides]. AB - The proteophosphomannan (PPM) obtained by extraction with citrate buffer, purification by the cetavlon method and gel filtration contains a high proportion of diesterified phosphate groups between the C-6 of a side chain mannose and another glycosidically bound carbohydrate. Mild acid hydrolysis cleaved the phosphate diester linkages to yield mono- and oligosaccharide fractions. Chemical analysis and 1H-NMR studies demonstrated the heterogeneity of the oligosaccharide fractions containing alpha(1,2)-, alpha(1,3)- and alpha(1,6)-linked manno oligosaccharides. All repeated PPM preparations contained mono-, tri- and heptasaccharides as the phosphate bound main compounds. Galactose, arabinose, fucose, and rhamnose of the monosaccharide fraction and tetra-, penta- and hexasaccharides were not found in all preparations. PMID- 7269645 TI - Characterization of a radiation-resistant Acinetobacter. AB - For characterizing the radiation-resistant Acinetobacter strain FO-1 reported in the previous paper (1980), we investigated the structure of cell wall, the cellular fatty acid composition, and the detailed taxonomic characteristics. The results denoted that the cell division occurred by simple constriction with the formation of a slight septum and the intermediate dense layer between the outer membrane and the plasma membrane was seen, the main components of the cellular fatty acids were oleic acid, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic acid, and that the strain was tolerant to salt and could not produce acids from cellobiose, melibiose, lactose, and ribose. PMID- 7269646 TI - Geomicrobiological leaching of tin minerals by Thiobacillus ferro-oxidans and organic agents. AB - Laboratory investigations confirm that it is possible to leach tin from synthetic minerals like stannite, kesterite, stannoidite, herzenbergite, ottemannite and berndtite, and from natural tin minerals which include stannite, cassiterite and varlamoffite, in the presence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, and with organic agents of biological origin, especially oxalic acid and oxalic-citric acids mixture. Over a leaching period of 35 days with 0.5% pulp density, initial pH of 2.5, using minus 0.16 mm size fraction at 32 degree C, as much as 54.45, 72.66, 97.13, and 31.30% Sn were extracted from synthetic stannite, kesterite, stannoidite and natural stannite, respectively. Varlamoffite, found in the dried, leached residues of the tin sulphides, provides evidence that bacterial action can be responsible for the genesis of supergene varlamoffite. PMID- 7269647 TI - Invagination of cytoplasmic membrane as the initial event of cross wall formation in actinomycetes. PMID- 7269648 TI - [Geomicrobiological studies. XIV. Heavy metal tolerance of desulfurizing bacteria under various ecological conditions]. AB - Tolerance and adaptation to heavy metals of Desulfovibrio- and Desulfotomaculum strains of different origin have been investigated in enrichment cultures under different conditions of sulphate supply. Three groups of low, medium, and high toxicity were found with As, V, and Mo in the first, Ni, Sb, Co, and Hg in the second, and Cd, Zn, U, and Cu in the third group. If the SO"4-supply was restricted to heavy metal sulphates with a relation of 1:1 of heavy metal- and SO"4 -ions (2:3 with Sb2(SO4)3) the tolerance was somewhat lowered. Adaptation to higher concentrations of heavy metals was possible, if the strains had not yet been exposed and adapted to higher concentration levels at their natural habitats. The tolerance range of desulfurizers has been compared with the tolerance range of different biochemical types of microorganisms. PMID- 7269649 TI - [Effect of carbon source on the Candida spec. H energy reserve metabolism]. AB - Various aspects of the carbon energy metabolism of Candida spec. H on glucose in comparison to its metabolism on hydrocarbons were studied in this article. In the absence of nitrogen for growth cells undergo several changes in their chemical composition. The content of protein and nuclei acids decreases rapidly. At the same time on the glucose medium glycogen and trehalose were markedly accumulated, whereas lipid accumulation was only slight. On the hydrocarbon substrate both carbohydrates and lipid were increased. Also the difference between the fatty acid composition of Candida spec. H when grown on glucose and on n-alkanes was studied. The results were discussed. PMID- 7269650 TI - [Orotic acid -- a growth factor for Pasteurella multocida]. PMID- 7269652 TI - [Structure of mannan from Pasteurella multicoda]. PMID- 7269651 TI - [Cell wall polysaccharide structure in the food protein yeast, Candida spec. H. I. Structure of alkali-stable mannoproteins]. AB - The isolated manno-protein contains about 80% mannose and 10% glucose. Methylation analysis established the highly branched nature of this polysaccharide and the presence of 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,6-linkages, as well as the linkages of the branch points. The research of the acetolysis fragments revealed that the molecule is composed on mannose and mannooligosaccharides with DP2 to DP12. These oligosaccharides are terminated in the nonreducing end by alpha(1,3) mannose. Glucose was only found in the monosaccharide fraction corresponding to the nonsubstituted backbone and in the alpha(1,3)-disaccharide fraction (reducing and nonreducing end) of the acetolysis. A heptasaccharide fraction corresponding to the N-glycosidical linkage region between polysaccharide and protein parts of the glycoprotein had been isolated. 1H-NMR spectroscopy and chemical characterization made it probable that the unit with the first side chain, mannopentaose, is linked by di-N,N' -acetylchitobiose or by 4-0-beta-D-glucosyl-N acetyl-D-glucosamine to the asparagine residue of the protein. PMID- 7269653 TI - [Structure of the cell wall polysaccharide in the food protein yeast Candida spec H. III. Characterization of different phosphate bonds in the mannan-protein phosphate complex]. AB - The 31P-NMR spectra of the proteophosphomannan (PPM) and also that of mildly hydrolyzed PPM demonstrated phosphomonoester (in both preparations), acid labile and acid stable phosphodiester linkage, and polyphosphate. Decreasing in size by pronase digestion, separation, purification and characterization of the high and low molecular phosphates by 31P-NMR spectroscopy and chemical analysis revealed the mannan protein is phosphorylated in the N-glycosidically linked carbohydrate parts and in the O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides. Another phosphate serves as a bridge between the serine of the protein and mannose, mannobioses and mannotrioses and between the threonine and a lipophilic acylglycerid unit. The origin of the polyphosphates has been discussed. PMID- 7269655 TI - Analysis of morphogenesis of the nocardioform organism Oerskovia xanthineolytica. AB - Depending on the nutritional and physicochemical conditions of growth the shape of Oerskovia xanthineolytica varied within a broad range. In different exponentially growing cultures five morphological types could be distinguished. In liquid cultures with increasing growth rate Oerskovia grew either as rods, filaments or branched filaments, whereas for the agar-microcultures pseudomycelia, but under reduced aeration mycelia were typical. The morphogenetic parameters of each type were determined, such as frequencies of septation and cell separation and - since wall extension was found to occur by the synthesizing activity of elongation sites (e-sites), their frequency, position and elongation rate as well. The cell length varied between 1 and about 20 micron, roughly correlated to the specific growth rate, but was also influenced by the composition and the consistence of the medium. The longest cells were found within the faster growing cultures, forming branched filaments, mycelia or pseudomycelia. During transition to the stationary growth phase these forms fragmented into rods by increase of the frequency of septation and cell separation. Increased cell length was accompanied by a reduced frequency of e site formation which was compensated by an enhancement of their synthesizing activity. The rate of envelope synthesis varied with the morphological type from 0.12 to 9.60 micron/h. In agar-microcultures these values were much higher than in liquid media. In liquid cultures the e-sites preferentially were situated at one (rod) or the 2 cell poles (filaments), but during faster growth additional e sites were formed within the cylindrical part of the envelope, thus leading to branching. In pseudomycelia the e-sites were formed laterally at the poles. In mycelia the poles did not receive e-site-activity, which instead occurred remote from the cell poles, also causing branching. This means that branching is either the result of the formation of more than two (up to 7) e-sites per cell (fast growing liquid cultures) or of a specific lack of transforming the poles into e sites, (weakly aerated agar-cultures). The separation of sister cells was correlated to the transformation of poles into e-sites. PMID- 7269654 TI - [Structure of the cell wall polysaccharide in the food protein yeast Candida spec. H. IV. Structure of the alkali labile oligosaccharide in the mannan-protein phosphate complex]. AB - Mild alkaline degradation of the proteophosphomannan (PPM) under conditions that effect beta-elimination of the residues, O-glycosidically bound on serine and threonine, release mainly mannose, glucose, mannobioses and mannotrioses with the same structures as those obtained by acetolysis of the polysaccharide component of the PPM. Methylation analysis and paper chromatography demonstrated the structural heterogeneity of the tetra-, penta- and hexasaccharide fractions containing 1,2- and 1,6-linked and 1,2,6-branched manno-oligosaccharides. Methylation analysis and acetolysis, paper chromatography and analysis of the carbohydrate composition of the oligosaccharide fractions DP 7-12 and DP 15-19 demonstrated inner core region like structures containing 1,2- and 1,6-linked mannose, 1,2,6- and 1,3,6-branchpoints and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. PMID- 7269656 TI - Studies on air-borne fungi at Qena. I. Seasonal fluctuations. AB - 73 species which belong to 24 genera were collected in 200 and 35 exposures made during the period May 1976-October 1977 at each of two levels (2 m and 20 m). The air-borne fungi showed seasonal periodicities and the highest incidence was recovered in spring and autumn and the least in the summer. Aspergillus was the dominating genus. 17 species were collected at the two levels of which A. niger and A. flavus were the most common. Other common genera were Cladosporium which was represented by C. herbarum, C. cladosporioides, C. sphaerospermum, and C. macrocarpum. 7 species of Curvularia were identified of which C. pallescens was the most frequent at the low and C. spicifera at the high level. Drechslera was represented by 6 species of which D. halodes was the most common at the two levels. Only one Alternaria species, A. alternata was isolated at both levels. 10 Penicillium were recovered, P. notatum was the most frequently one isolated at the two levels. Many fungal spore showers of Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Curvularia, and Alternaria were recorded during the experimental period. PMID- 7269657 TI - Multiple septation in multinuclear protoplasts of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - The dependence of septation on karyokinesis was studied in protoplasts of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The mononuclear protoplast produces a single centrally located septum. In multinuclear reverting protoplasts, on the other hand, the formation of a single septum was a rare event. In each protoplast instead of one, two to six septa were formed. These findings suggest some closer relations between the formation of septa and the number of nuclei present in the protoplast. Our results obtained with protoplasts also imply that the initiation of septum formation is possible only in the presence of a complete cell wall. In reverting multinuclear protoplasts undergoing more than one mitosis, no septation is initiated until the cell wall has been completed. Only the complete cell wall can induce the formation of one or several septa in mono- and multinuclear protoplasts, respectively. PMID- 7269658 TI - Effects of dietary protein and calcium on the skeleton of undernourished young rats. AB - A study has been made of the effects of various levels of dietary protein and calcium on the skeleton of young undernourished rats. The data for the study were obtained from physical properties of bone, from microradiographs of various parts of femur and histological sections of the bone. There were significant associations between a low protein intake and low bone mass, irrespective of calcium intake, and between a high protein intake and a high bone density at a normal calcium content of the diet. The influence of dietary protein on the composition of the bone was dependent on the calcium intake. Reduction in the protein level was associated with less trabecular bone and reduction in the calcium reduced mainly the amount of cortical bone. PMID- 7269659 TI - Determination of calcium intake of help of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - In a dietary survey, large numbers of a wide variety of food samples have to be analyzed. The atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), with its simplicity, accuracy and rapidity, suggests itself for determination of many elements in such a case. In this investigation, calcium determination by AAS is reviewed. Analytical parameters, interferences and their control are studied. Food samples are dry ashed and treated so as to eliminate silicates. Most serious interference comes from phosphates and is successfully controlled by addition of lanthanum. Calcium is determined in the range 2-10 ppm with a sensitivity of 0.1 ppm. Single food samples and samples representing food mixtures are analyzed, and calcium intake of different population groups is computed. In most cases, results compare favourably well with those obtained from food composition tables. Calcium intake in the Netherlands both of the average per caput and of chosen population groups is found to cover the recommendations except for infants. Differences do exist between intakes of different groups and in different seasons. PMID- 7269660 TI - Unsaponifiable matter and fatty acid composition of pea oil. AB - 14 compounds were detected in the unsaponifiable matter of pea oil by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and 8 of them were identified as hydrocarbons C30, C32, squalene, alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and beta sitosterol. The predominant unsaponifiable fraction was beta-sitosterol whereas the others were found in variable amounts. Two sterols were isolated by column chromatography. One of them was characterised as beta-sitosterol by measuring the melting point, [a]D, and infrared spectra and those of its acetate. However, the other sterol was unidentified. The fatty acid contents in pea oil were determined quantitatively by GLC. They were present in variable amounts, whereas linoleic acid was the major one. PMID- 7269662 TI - Evaluation of local varieties of Egyptian rice. AB - The different nutritional ingredients of the Egyptian varieties of rice (Giza 171, Giza 172, and Giza 180) were determined. 1. The nutritive values decreased in polished varieties more than in the hulled ones. 2. A wide variation in the protein content in the different varieties was recognized. 3. Giza 180 could be considered as the best Egyptian variety from the nutritional aspects. PMID- 7269661 TI - Composition of cocoa shell fat as related to cocoa butter. AB - The physical and chemical constants of cocoa shell fat (a by-product resulted during the production of cocoa butter at chocolate factories) were almost identical with those of cocoa butter obtained from the same cocoa beans except for their high acid value. Shell fat contained more amount of phospholipid content (as cephalin) than cocoa butter. The lipid classes were almost the same in cocoa butter and shell fat, however, the latter contained an unidentified constituent which was not found in cocoa butter. The fatty acids were determined quantitatively by GLC, and the results showed that the predominant acids in cocoa butter were palmitic, and oleic. Less amounts of capric, myristic, palmitoleic and linoleic were found in cocoa butter, whereas more amounts of these acids were found in shell fat. Cocoa butter gave higher values of stearic and myristic acids than those of shell fat. Seventeen compounds were detected by GLC in the unsaponifiable matter of both cocoa butter and shell fat from which eight were identified as C30 hydrocarbon, C32 hydrocarbon, squalene, alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol, campsterol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol in the two samples. The sterols were determined quantitatively, and it was found that the predominant sterol in cocoa butter and shell fat was B-sitosterol. Cocoa butter contained higher values of stigmasterol than that of shell fat, which contained increasing values of campsterol, low values of cholesterol were found in both samples. Stability of cocoa butter and shell fat towards oxidative rancidity at 100 degrees C was the same (10.5 hrs). PMID- 7269663 TI - [Sweetening agent, Palatinit under specific consideration as to microbiological and caries-prophylactic aspects]. AB - Several cariogenic bacterial species, a mixed streptococci flora composed of nine species, as well as the plaque- and saliva-mixed flora from human beings were tested for acid production from the sugar substitute palatinit, which was compared to sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol and the low molecular carbohydrates sucrose, glucose and fructose. Complementary experiments with gnotobiotic and conventionally fed rats were performed in order to test the cariogenic properties of palatinit and palatinit-chocolate in comparison to xylitol, sorbitol and sucrose and the corresponding chocolate substances. Palatinit and palatinit chocolate show highly significant lower cariogenic properties than sucrose and sucrose-chocolate. On the basis of these microbiological and animal experiments, the use of palatinit as sugar substitute for caries prophylaxis can be recommended. PMID- 7269664 TI - [Objective performance reproduction and self assessment of brain damaged patients, schizophrenics and neurotics]. PMID- 7269665 TI - [The influence of manifested crying on speech production in client-centered conversational psychotherapy]. PMID- 7269666 TI - [Psychophysics of pain perception: differences in laterality in electric pain stimulation]. PMID- 7269667 TI - [Results of complex industrial hygiene and occupational medicine research in foundries in East Germany]. PMID- 7269668 TI - [Integrative evaluation of heat loading due to work and climate]. PMID- 7269669 TI - [Relation between task requirements and the psychovegetative complaints of management personnel]. PMID- 7269671 TI - [Effect of supplementary mental activity and breaks on the heart rate in physical work]. PMID- 7269670 TI - [Results of an occupational medicine and occupational psychology study of management personnel]. PMID- 7269672 TI - [Heart rate and energy metabolism response in selected physical tasks in steel foundries]. PMID- 7269673 TI - [Industrial physiology aspects of the cardiovascular reaction in static muscle work]. PMID- 7269674 TI - [Dynamic oxygen measurement: requirements and potential uses in industrial and performance physiology]. PMID- 7269675 TI - [Effect of low-intensity microwave radiation on body weight, spontaneous activity and blood values in mice in a long-term experiment]. PMID- 7269676 TI - [Long-term effects of carbon disulfide and carbon halides, particularly perchloroethylene, on fat metabolism]. PMID- 7269677 TI - [Course of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane poisoning with elevated environmental temperature stress on the body]. PMID- 7269678 TI - [Urinary hippuric acid excretion rate in evaluating occupational toluene exposure]. PMID- 7269679 TI - [Results of an analysis of the pesticide exposure pattern of workers in agrochemical centers based on sections of the Poisonous Substance Law]. PMID- 7269680 TI - [Mechanocardiographic and lung function diagnostic studies of workers exposed to carbon disulfide]. PMID- 7269681 TI - [Health status study of young apprentices in various occupation groups]. PMID- 7269682 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of infectious occupational diseases among public health and social service workers]. PMID- 7269683 TI - [Health status of working women in East Germany. Results of occupational medical fitness and checkup studies]. PMID- 7269684 TI - [Results of an analysis of medically certified work incapacity of students at the Wilhelm Pieck University, Rostock]. PMID- 7269685 TI - [Gerontohygienic and psychological aspects of employment in old age]. PMID- 7269686 TI - [Limit values for avoiding electrical accidents with a fatal outcome]. PMID- 7269687 TI - [Special institutions as the means toward integration]. PMID- 7269688 TI - [International Conference on Rehabilitation Engineering and the exhibition at the 14th World Congress of Rehabilitation International]. PMID- 7269689 TI - [Program content in preparation for an active old age]. PMID- 7269690 TI - [Leisure time organization as a task of the rehabilitation of older citizens]. PMID- 7269691 TI - [Vocational rehabilitation of epileptics]. PMID- 7269692 TI - [Vocational rehabilitation in osteogenesis imperfecta?]. PMID- 7269693 TI - [Social hygiene aspects of breast cancer in Berlin's city districts: a retrospective study]. PMID- 7269694 TI - [Rehabilitation potentials and limits with schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 7269695 TI - [Care for cerebral palsied children and adolescents in a district]. PMID- 7269696 TI - [Increased toxicity of carbon tetrachloride induced by nicotinic acid]. PMID- 7269698 TI - [The effect of noise on the biotransformation of hexobarbital in the rat]. PMID- 7269697 TI - [Animal experiment studies on the distribution of 125I-iodipamide-meglumine (adipiodon) in the rat]. PMID- 7269699 TI - [The field of methodology from the scientific theoretical viewpoint]. PMID- 7269700 TI - [The interdisciplinary research situation and its scientific discipline]. PMID- 7269701 TI - [Understanding methods in social hygiene]. PMID- 7269702 TI - [The place of statistics in the methodological requirements of social hygiene]. PMID- 7269703 TI - [Remarks on the relation between social hygiene and epidemiology]. PMID- 7269705 TI - [Scientific systematic and methodological relations of social hygiene to demography]. PMID- 7269707 TI - [Scientific systematic and methodological relation of social hygiene to organization]. PMID- 7269704 TI - [Remarks on the relation between social hygiene and sociology]. PMID- 7269706 TI - [Social hygiene and clinical medicine]. PMID- 7269708 TI - [Present status of method awareness in the specialty of social hygiene and outlook on further theoretical work]. PMID- 7269709 TI - [Health behavior of pregnant women with different attitudes to pregnancy]. PMID- 7269710 TI - [New aspects and problems of health education in the rural area]. PMID- 7269712 TI - [Structure and tasks of rehabilitation departments in general hospitals]. PMID- 7269711 TI - [Is the end of the sexual acceleration in sight?]. PMID- 7269713 TI - [Can tetracycline lead to a benign rise in intracranial pressure?]. PMID- 7269715 TI - [Free transplantation of skin, underlying fatty tissue and muscle after traumatic loss (author's transl)]. AB - Large extended defects of the soft parts can be covered by free transplantation of the skin and the underlying fatty tissue with the aid of microsurgical techniques. Likewise lacking functionally important muscle areas as the forearm flexor are restored by the free transplanted latissimus dorsi muscle with good function as described in this paper. Indications, operative possibilities, surgical techniques and clinical results are presented and discussed in respect of own case reports. PMID- 7269714 TI - [Lymphomatoid granulomatosis with "epithelial islands" (author's transl)]. AB - The lymphomatoid granulomatosis was first definded by Liebow, Carrington and Friedman as a vascular angiodestructive lymphoreticular proliferation process. The clinical symptoms and signs are pruritus, acquired ichthyosis and the following cutaneous alterations: widespread skin nodules and plaques, patchy alopecia and anhidrosis. Our patient revealed the cutaneous pattern mentioned above and a pathological pneumonography, showing diffuse infiltrates in the lower lobes of the lung. Epithelial islands are a characteristic feature of the lymphadenoid infiltrate in our patient. To our knowledge, only the two patients with lymphomatoid granulomatosis described by MacDonald and Sarkany (10, especially case 1) revealed this special pattern. PMID- 7269716 TI - [Regional perfusion of the extremity - experience in 81 patients with malignant melanomas (author's transl)]. AB - From December 1978 through December 1980 a total of 81 patients with malignant melanoma of the extremities were treated by local excision, isolated regional hyperthermic perfusion and regional lymphadenectomy. The extracorporeal circuit was primed with 650 ml whole blood. Flow rates for the lower extremity were 494 +/- 38 ml/min. and 273 +/- 66 ml/min. For the upper extremity. The systemic pressure was 80 +/- 15 mm Hg. Limb temperatures were elevated to 42 degrees C. Intraoperatively there was one case of intima dissection, but no other serious complications. Post operatively one patient died one the 19th day due to congestive heart failure and in one patient a temporary loss of peroneal nerve function was noted. Delay in wound-healing was seen in five patients and 70 patients developed transitory erythema of the extremities. 75 patients are alive and free of disease. Of the 33 patients who underwent more than one operation prior to perfusion, six developed local recurrences or in-transit lesions. PMID- 7269717 TI - [Change of level of mycosis fungoides under systemic PUVA-therapy (author's transl)]. AB - In a patient with mycosis fungoides the typical skin lesions showed a good response to oral photochemotherapy (PUVA), which could be confirmed by serial control biopsies. Twelve months after onset of therapy large subcutaneous nodules appeared, whereas the upper skin remained uninvolved. Two months later the patient died with disseminated visceral involvement, whereas skin lesions were minimal. The case reported here shows that improvement of the skin lesions of mycosis fungoides under systemic PUVA-therapy can lead to misjudgement of the actual course of the disease. PUVA-therapy of mycosis fungoides may cause a change of the involved layers, leading from the cutis to the subcutis, i.e. disappearance of epidermotropic plaque-like infiltrates and appearance of subcutaneous nodules and visceral involvement. PMID- 7269718 TI - [Familial multiple naevogene melanomas. Electronmicroscopical findings in pigmented moles of the B-K-mole syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Report of a patient with familial melanocytic moles and melanomas as designated by Clark et al. as B-K-mole-syndrome. Beside the typical clinical and histological features, the ultrastructural changes of B-K-moles are described. Nevus cells in these moles showed lobed nuclei, active Golgi complexes and swollen mitochondriae. Membrane rich melanosomes and melanosome complexes were found. The B-K-moles had no distinctive ultrastructure. An ultrastructural differentiation between tumor cells of the B-K-moles and melanoma cells was not possible. PMID- 7269719 TI - [Combined nevus: malignant blue nevus and giant pigmented nevus (author's transl)]. AB - A combined nevus occurring on the right temporal region of a 30-year-old man with multiple giant pigmented nevi on the head, trunk and extremities was surgically removed. Histologically, the cellular blue nevus found in the deep corium fulfilled the criteria of malignancy in so far as mitoses and foci of tumor necroses were present. PMID- 7269720 TI - [Medicamental immunosuppression in dermatology (author's transl)]. AB - The pharmacology of the most important immunosuppressive agents in dermatology: glucocorticoids, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and chlorambucil are reviewed. Our own results of treatment with these drugs (102 patients, diagnosis: lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, overlap-syndrome, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, cryoglobulinaemic purpura, and pyoderma gangraenosum) are presented. PMID- 7269722 TI - [Melkersson-Rosenthal-syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7269721 TI - [Personality in patients with lichen ruber planus (author's transl)]. AB - Psychological tests were performed in 26 woman and in 4 men (average age = 41,2 years) with the histopathological diagnosis of lichen ruber planus. The same tests were given to 30 healthy persons without functional and organic disturbances. Results obtained do not indicate the existence of any specific personality structure in people with lichen ruber planus. The examined persons revealed an autoaggression syndrome characterized by a sense of guilt, inclination for blaming others and suspiciousness. The patients with lichen ruber planus reveal a tendency to react with neurotic anxiety. In 86,6% out of the examined 30 patients with lichen ruber planus, psychical trauma preceded this skin disease. The factors obtained from patients with lichen ruber planus and from healthy people showed significant statistical differences. PMID- 7269723 TI - [Left ventricular volumes by cross-sectional echocardiography in the dog: a comparison with biplane angiocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - Using apical long axis and precordial short axis views, left ventricular end diastolic and end-systolic volumes and ejection fraction were determined by cross sectional echocardiography and compared with biplane angiocardiography. 10 anesthetized, closed chest dogs were first studied in the control state. Inferior vena cava was occluded by a balloon-inflated catheter, measurements were repeated. Descending aorta was blocked, with measurements retaken. Finally 8 dogs were studied after left coronary artery occlusion. For enddiastolic volumes correlation coefficients were 0.89, 0.93, 0.89, and 0.90 respectively (n = 10, 10, 10, 8; p less than 0.01). End-systolic volumes correlated with r 0.94, 0.92, 0.83, 0.92 (p less than 0.01). Left ventricular volumes were systematically underestimated by echocardiography (p less than 0.05). Ejection fraction corresponded less favourably, overall r was 0.85 (n = 38; p less than 0.01). Thus, cross-sectional echocardiography appears suitable for quantifying left ventricular volumes, less ejection fraction in the dog, during acute interventions as well as in the presence of regional dysfunction. PMID- 7269724 TI - [Echocardiographic septal motion in 50 patients with coronary artery disease. A correlative study with coronary angiographic findings (author's transl)]. AB - The literature about pathological septal motion in coronary artery disease is contradictory. Purpose of this study was to reveal the sensitivity and specificity of the echocardiography for diagnosis of stenoses and occlusions (S/O) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). 50 patients with CAD were studied using coronary angiography and echocardiography. In 32 of the cases a critical stenosis (over 70% narrowing) of the LAD was present. History of old infarction was found in 80% of the patients. Angina pectoris was absent at the time of the investigation. It was proven that the sensitivity of the echocardiography for the diagnosis of coronary stenoses and for proximal and peripheral LAD-S/O is not high (44%-61%). 50 percent of all LAD-S/O and 61% of the proximal LAD-S/O have a pathological septal movement. In presence of a pathological septal motion, however, it may be concluded that there is a critical stenosis in one or more of the three main coronary arteries (predictive value 91%). The diagnosis of the localization of the occlusion by echocardiography is not possible. 1/3 of peripheral LAD-S/O also lead to a dyscinetic septum which mostly is found in proximal LAD-S/O. The number of false positive (pathological) echocardiographic septal dyscinetic motion is low (12%). The sensitivity of echocardiographic method for diagnose of coronary alteration is increased when using the differentiation between stenosis and occlusion of LAD. By that it can be revealed that full occlusions of the LAD lead in 80% to septal dyscinetic motion, whereas stenoses are only rarely combined with pathological septum (36%). It is concluded that not only the localization but predominantly the degree of the vessel-narrowing influences the septal movement. Perhaps these findings may help to declare the contradictory results in literature. PMID- 7269725 TI - [Reversible asymmetric septal thickening in the echocardiogram in a case with suspected perimyocarditis (author's transl)]. AB - A 42-year-old male patient, previously in good health, developed signs of pericarditis, pericardial effusion and possible myocarditis 3 weeks after a virus infection of the upper respiratory tract. Because of enlargement of the previously normal cardiac silhouette, an M-mode-echocardiogram was performed. A pericardial effusion and pericardial thickening was diagnosed. Disproportionate septal thickening was noted (septum/posterior wall = 1.4). 3 days after institution of cortisone therapy gradual clinical improvement started. on day 6 a repeat M-mode-echocardiogram showed regression of the pericardial effusion of the septal thickening. Consecutive echocardiograms showed complete disappearing of the pericardial effusion, regression of the pericardial thickening, and complete normalisation of the left ventricular dimensions. Computer-assisted analysis of the first echocardiogram revealed reduced rate of septal and posterior wall thinning and prolongation of the early diastolic period of rapid filling, while peak VCF remained within normal limits. These changes were much less apparent on day 6. On day 26 all relaxation- and contraction parameters were within normal limits. It is concluded that in this case transient disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum, prolongation of the early diastolic period of rapid left ventricular filling and reduced rate of diastolic septal and posterior wall thinning may have represented edematous and/or inflammatory changes of the myocardium. It is supposed that these findings may represent early changes in acute peri-myocarditis. PMID- 7269727 TI - [Diagnosis of myocardial metastases by sectorechocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - A case of myocardial metastases due to a malignant bone tumour was diagnosed by sectorechocardiography. The clinical data and the findings of echocardiography and pathology are presented, the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of myocardial metastases is discussed. PMID- 7269726 TI - [Hemodynamics and metabolic-energetic expenses of the influence of AR-L115 in patients with coronary artery disease (author's transl)]. AB - AR-L115 has been shown to substantially improve myocardial pump function in patients (pts) with advanced congestive cardiomyopathy by i.v. and by p.o.-route. Since AR-L115 effects on myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and coronary blood flow (CSF) are unknown, the hemodynamic myocardial metabolic and ECG-responses to AR-L115 (2 mg/kg BW bolus) were monitored at the 9, 14 and 19-min interval in 7 patients coronary 3-vessel disease, exhibiting ischemia during pacing stress only. Maximal responses occurred at the 14th min after AR-L115. THere were (average) increases in cardiac index by 30%, in heart rate by 19%, in CSF by 39%, in MVO2 by 34%, and in dp/dt max by 27%. There were (average) decreases in peak systolic pressure by 13%, in PCW by 30%, in LVEDP by 42%, in systemic vascular resistance by 34%, and in coronary vascular resistance by 37%. All changes were significant (p less than 0.05). Unchanged (p greater than 0.05) remained myocardial lactate extraction, stroke work index, and stroke-index. The only moderate increase in MVO2 is possibly explained in that the increase in contractility was a least partially offset by the reductions in pre- and after load. The AR-L115-induced improved pump function was accompanied by moderate increases in MVO2 and CSF, but without evidence of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7269728 TI - [Depression of sinus nodal automaticity during permanent atrial pacing for the determination of the sinoatrial conduction time (author's transl)]. AB - In 36 patients sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) was calculated by the continuous atrial-pacing technique, first described by Narula et al. (9). Using three different stimulation frequencies, it could be shown that the return cycles A2A3 and the postreturn cycles A3A4 both were linearly correlated with rising stimulation frequency. Thus, if the formula given by Narula et al. was used [SACT = (A2A3 - A1A1) : 2] the calculated SACT-values linearly rose, too, which was caused by a stimulation frequency dependent progressive depression of the sinus nodal automaticity. This interfering influence of sinus nodal depression could be corrected by applying a modified formula for calculation of the SACT, i.e. SACTM = (A2A3 - A3A4) : 2. Thus calculation of sinuatrial conduction time by the modified continuous-atrial-pacing technique represents a method widely applicable in routine electrophysiological testing. PMID- 7269729 TI - [Hemodynamic actions on alinidine during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease]. AB - The effect of Alinidine (ST 567) on hemodynamics at rest and during exercise was studied in subjects with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Exercise tests were performed before and 30 min after intravenous administration of 20 mg of Alinidine. Significant decreases were observed for heart rate at rest and during exercise, for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pressures in the pulmonary artery and in capillary wedge position were significantly reduced after Alinidine by about 12 to 18% (mean PAP) and by about 19 to 28% (PCW). Cardiac output and stroke volume increased during exercise after Alinidine, but the differences were not significant. Depression of ST-segment in the exercise-ECG was significantly lower after Alinidine, angina pectoris occurred in all but one subject during control testing but in none after Alinidine. It is concluded that Alinidine is an effective antianginal drug. Intravenous administration of this agent even in a low dose improves cardiac performance during exercise in patients with impaired left ventricular function. Negative inotropic effects of Alinidine were not observed in this study. Bradycardia and in addition preload reduction are suggested to be the main mechanisms to improve left ventricular function and symptomatic status. PMID- 7269730 TI - [Chronic administration of prazosin in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7269731 TI - [Electrophysiological effects of the new antiarrhythmic drug flecainide (R 818) in man (author's transl)]. AB - The electrophysiological effects of the new antiarrhythmic drug Flecainide (R 818) was tested in altogether 27 patients with and without disturbances of sinus node function and intraventricular conduction. Flecainide was given intravenously in a dose of 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg. Constant "therapeutic" plasma levels were reached by application of 1 mg/kg as a bolus and an additional infusion of 1 mg/kg during the test period of 20 min. The drug had no significant effects on sinus node function even in patients with sinus node dysfunction tested so far. Intracardiac conduction time was prolonged within all compartments of the heart in a dose-dependent manner. After bolus injection of 1 mg/kg, the HRA-A interval lengthened by 10.4%, the A-H interval by 13.5%, the H-V time by 15.7% and the V RVA interval by 29.1% of the control value. In addition, the QRS complex widened by 8.1%. After 2 mg/kg Flecainide the HRA-A interval was prolonged by 9.0%, the A H interval by 24.4%, the H-V time by 40.2%, and the V-RVA interval by 16.5% of the control value. The QRS complex widened by 24.2%. In contrast, there was only a small and often insignificant increase in the refractoriness of the different compartments of the heart (5-15% increase of the control value). In two patients with bundle branch block, a higher degree A-V block distal the H potential occurred after 2 mg/kg Flecainide. These electrophysiological effects may explain some antiarrhythmic actions of Flecainide. In addition, possible side effects of the drug can be assessed. In patients with intraventricular conduction defects the drug should be used with caution especially when given iv in higher doses. PMID- 7269732 TI - [Clinical-electrophysiological study of the effect of lorcainide on induction of ventricular tachycardia (author's transl)]. AB - 11 patients (mean age 52 +/- 16.3 years) with recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT), in whom VT could be initiated by programmed ventricular stimulation, were studied before and after lorcainide, a new antiarrhythmic agent. Lorcainide was either injected intravenously at a dose of 2 mg/kg within five to ten minutes (n = 3) or infused at a rate of 0.1 mg/kg/min up to the same total dose. After intravenous administration, there was no change in inducibility of VT in three patients, whereas in seven patients VT was either more difficult to induce requiring two instead of one premature beat (n = 2) or a higher rate of basic pacing (n = 2) or VT was no longer inducible (n = 3). In one case, VT was easier to induce. In patients with still inducible VT, the rate of VT decreased from 220 +/- 33 b.p.m. to 186 +/- 49.1 b.p.m. (non-significant). The echo zone for initiation of VT did not show any consistent change. The coupling interval between the last stimulated complex and the first beat of VT increased from 327 +/- 66.8 ms to 390 +/- 98.6 ms (p less than 0.05). The effective refractory period of the right ventricle increased slightly though not significantly. In three cases paradoxical side effects, probably due to lorcainide, were observed. The blood level of lorcainide at the end of injection or infusion immediately before right ventricular stimulation was 0.69 +/- 0.48 micrograms/ml (range 0.11 to 1.74 micrograms/ml). No N-dealkylated metabolite of lorcainide was detected after intravenous injection. Thus far, lorcainide is effective in preventing initiation of VT in some patients making it more difficult to induce in others. However, long-term efficacy and tolerance to the drug cannot be predicted from the data of this study though the data suggest that the drug might be effective on the long-term run against ventricular tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 7269733 TI - [Early prediction of infarct size by serial determination of serum myoglobin (author's transl)]. AB - 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction had serial determinations of CK, CKMB and an addition of serum myoglobin (SMb) by radioimmunoassay. In 10 patients with normal values on admission SMb rose earlier than CK and CKMB. In another 20 patients SMb was pathologically increased while CK and CKMB were normal and in 10 patients all parameters were elevated on admission. In all 40 patients SMb was significantly elevated in between 10 hrs after beginning of angina, and peak myoglobin occurred 10 hrs before CK and CKMB. In 10 patients peak SMb correlated with infarct size as determined by angiocardiography in the chronic stage (r = 0.863; p less than 0.01). Peak SMb also correlated with infarct size as estimated by CK release (r = 0.73; p less than 0.001). Thus determination of SMb is a sensitive method in diagnosing early myocardial infarction, and peak serum myoglobin allows early prediction of infarct size. PMID- 7269734 TI - [Metabolism of myocardial catecholamines and plasma catecholamine levels in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (author's transl)]. AB - In 17 patients suffering from severe chronic aortic regurgitation (class III N.Y.H.A.), during aortic valve replacement right atrial biopsies were taken. In these samples myocardial content of norepinephrine, normetanephrine, epinephrine and dopamine were determined. 2-4 days before valve replacement, plasma catecholamines were measured at rest and during isometric exercise. 15 patients with atrial septum defect (foramen secundum) served as controls. In patients with aortic regurgitation demonstrating no clinical signs of cardiac failure, myocardial content of norepinephrine, normetanephrine and epinephrine was significantly reduced compared to tissue content of patients with atrial septum defect. Right atrial content of dopamine did not reveal any difference between the two groups. In all patients, plasma catecholamines at rest were within normal limits. During isometric exercise, however, the increase of plasma norepinephrine in patients with aortic regurgitation was significantly higher compared to the control group. It is concluded from these data that patients with aortic regurgitation, demonstrating an exaggerated increase in sympathetic activity during exercise, probably show a decrease in myocardial norepinephrine tissue content. Therefore, clinical demonstration of hyperadrenergic response during exercise represents a simple metabolic parameter indicating alteration in myocardial metabolism in patients with chronic aortic incompetence. Since decision for aortic valve replacement should be done before irreversible damage of myocardium has established, it is supposed that assessment of sympathetic activity, at rest and during exercise, may reveal practical clinical importance. PMID- 7269735 TI - [Posterior aortic wall motion in mitral valve disease (author's transl)]. AB - The posterior aortic wall motion was studied in 60 patients, 39 patients with mitral valve disease and 21 normals. The motion of the posterior aortic wall was measured by using the amplitude of the posterior aortic wall motion from the beginning of left ventricular contraction to aortic valve closure and an atrial filling and emptying index. The latter two indices were used, because left atrial volume changes were reflected by the motion of the posterior aortic wall. It could be demonstrated that normals differed in their motion pattern of the posterior aortic wall to those with mitral valve disease. Furthermore, patients with mitral stenosis, mitral insufficiency and mixed mitral valve disease could be differentiated from each other in terms of these indices and an atrial filling emptying ratio. Thus careful inspection of the posterior aortic wall motion by precordial echocardiography can be used as a parameter of mitral valve function. PMID- 7269736 TI - [Hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease in complete transposition of the great arteries (author's transl)]. AB - Pulmonary vascular disease and heart failure are the two major problems in complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with increased pulmonary flow. Hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease was observed in patients with complete TGA and increased flow (3.6%) as well as in those without increased pulmonary flow (3.3%). An intact ventricular septum or pulmonic stenosis did not appear to prevent the occurrence of progressive pulmonary vascular disease in all patients. The pulmonary lesion observed in these subjects cannot be explained by chronic severe volume overload alone. Clinically unrecognized pulmonary microthrombi are an additional cause for the development of pulmonary vascular disease in patients with complete TGA. Therefore cyanosis and its complications can be a major factor beside increased pulmonary flow in causing pulmonary vascular changes. Early corrective surgery performed after the age of 3 months is the therapy of choice to avoid progressive pulmonary vascular damage and other thrombo-embolic accidents. PMID- 7269737 TI - [Urinary calculi analysis]. PMID- 7269738 TI - Physico-chemical characteristics of DNA chromatin fractions from calf thymus. PMID- 7269739 TI - Glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) in blood plasma of partially hepatectomized rats. AB - The concentration of substances with glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) was determined in arterial blood plasma of rats up to 4 weeks after partial hepatectomy. 10 h following surgery a more than 18-fold increase in GLI + glucagon immunoreactivity could be observed. About 2/3 of the maximum activity seems to be of non pancreatic origin. The levels returned to normal about 22 h after surgery. PMID- 7269740 TI - [Ultrasonic modelling of bone cement - (reoperation of total hip endoprosthesis) (author's transl)]. AB - In medicine ultrasound is very common in diagnostic and therapeutic applications, in surgery especially as so-called ultrasonic lithotripsy. Up to now experiences in bone surgery are not very successful. Bone cement (PMMA) is a thermoplastic material. Therefore results of ultrasonic lithotripsy cannot be simply transmitted. Investigations show that, because of their thermoplastic quality, the ultrasonic method may be helpful in modelling bone cement, for example in changing endoprosthesis. The preconditions for the use of high frequent oscillating probes are examined experimentally. The necessary visual distinction of bone cement and natural bone may be intensified by fluorochrome labelling of cement. PMID- 7269741 TI - [Diagnosis of loosening of carbon-made cup prostheses by radionuclide imaging (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnosis of loosening of joint prostheses has become easier by using radionuclide imaging in addition to common radiography. Double-cup hip prostheses have been used more and more in joint surgery of younger patients in the last ten years. But early signs of loosening of the metal cup are difficult to demonstrate because of the high absorption rate of the used materials. Cup protheses of carbon have been implanted since several months in the Orthopedic Clinic Giessen. Tests in a model and in a patient have shown, that it might be possible to evaluate loosening of carbon-cup prostheses by radionuclide imaging. PMID- 7269743 TI - [A new technique of triple osteotomy for turning dysplastic acetabula in adolescents and adults (author's transl)]. AB - A new form of triple-osteotomy of the pelvis is described. The ischium is osteotomized from a dorsal approach, immediately behind the hip joint. The ischium is left in place, the ligaments giving stability to the sacrum remain in tension. After turning the patient a small medial incision is done for the osteotomy of the pubis. The The ilium is cut through with a Gigli saw from a small incision laterally. It should descend medially in a distance of 2-2,5 cm apart from the joint. The possibilities to turn the acetabulum are very good and correspond to the amount of abduction before operation. Injuries to the sciatic nerve are avoided by the dorsal approach. The evaluations of 32 patients with different degrees of dislocations are reported. The osteotomy may be done even in flat-shaped femoral heads, where the acetabulum is still congruent as long as it is possible to abduct the leg and turn the femoral head into the acetabulum. It has been done in high dislocations with secondary acetabulae as well. The operation may be used in children above 8 years, where the osteotomy of Salter and acetabuloplasties are not efficient any more. In contrary to Chiari's osteotomy the acetabulum is covered by cartilage and the angle of inclination usually normal. It can be used in adults and beginning arthrosis as long as the abduction is not limited. PMID- 7269742 TI - [Scintigraphic examinations in osseous diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Scintigraphy has been carried out for many years in adequate hospitals with special equipments. Isotopic examinations have been considered to be more and more important; they are applied in cases of pathologic changes of bones and joints or in cases of changes in the surrounding areas. Besides all medical findings, for instance X-ray, laboratory and histological ones, scintigraphic examinations have been applied as a supporting method especially in cases of loose-end endoprosthesis or a periarticular calcifications, rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatoid diseases of the joints, inflammatory processes, tumourous processes, delayed healing of the bones, pseudoarthrosis and osteoporosis. Of course the scintigraphy is a not specific method but it is extremely important for a complete diagnosis. PMID- 7269744 TI - [Internal mechanics of the musculature, theoretical study of normal and atrophic muscles (author's transl)]. AB - The article demonstrates, taking muscles of feathery structure as an example, that loss of contractile muscular mass by one-half would correspond to one-half of the power at the tendon if the muscle fibres are arranged in parallel. In the force-distance profile changes after the muscular mass has been reduced to one half; the muscles with a more pronounced feathery structure will possess a little more than one-half of the original force in the state of greater muscle fibre length. On the other hand, if an atrophic muscle of this type, i.e. of feathery structure, is shortened, there is a considerable loss of power which goes far beyond the loss of muscular mass. This change in the force-distance profile of atrophic feathery muscles can be ascribed to the change in the geometric arrangement of the individual fibres, and to the maximum capacity of extension of the muscle fibres to twice their original length. This performance will explain at least in part the inhibition of the final stretching of the knee joint in case of atrophy of the vastus muscles, the feathery structure of which differs individually. PMID- 7269745 TI - [Creation and importance of the latent, ischaemic phase as an etiologic factor in Perthes' disease (author's transl)]. AB - The article describes the latent ischaemic phase during proximal femoral epiphysis, basing on the variable development of the vessels with reduced number of afferent arterial vessels. The importance of this phenomenon for the development of the typical pattern of Perthes' disease (Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease) is demonstrated. PMID- 7269746 TI - [Observations on the ability to work surgically treated scoliosis patients during 1946-1966 (author's transl)]. AB - Basing on follow-up observation of a group of 113 scoliosis patients who had undergone surgery during 1946 to 1966, the connection between scoliosis and ability to work is subjected to close scrutiny. The study shows that there is a connection between reduction in the ability to work and the scoliosis angle, the extent of stiffness and cardiopulmonary performance of the patients. We may well expect that improved results of surgery, as they are now obtained with the modern methods (Harrington), will result in improved physical ability and a less pronounced reduction in the patients' capacity for gainful employment. PMID- 7269747 TI - [Treatment of florid dorsal Scheuermann's disease with two new breathable plaster of-paris casts and their biomechanical principles of action (author's transl)]. AB - Basing on the experience collected with the breathable plaster-of-Paris jacket described by Koch in 1926 for treating the dorsal type of Scheuermann's disease, we developed two breathable and removable ortheses (Brakeler's jacket and Istanbul jacket). The biomechanical principles action of these jackets were examined both by calculation and clinically as well as roentgenologically. PMID- 7269748 TI - [Osteomyelitis after BCG-vaccination (author's transl)]. AB - BCG-osteomyelitis is a rare complication of BCG-vaccination. The diagnosis is difficult and undiagnosed cases can be assumed. After adequate treatment a benign course is typical. There is quite a difference of morbidity in various European countries. Possible reasons are discussed. PMID- 7269749 TI - [Articular capsule receptors, articular nerves, intra-articular multipolar ganglion cells and their possible functional importance (author's transl)]. AB - Kinesthesia as a process of transmission of sensation in the joints postulates the existence of receptors for different types of stimuli and apropriate pathways. These are described as briefly as possible, and attention is drawn also to multipolar ganglion cells at the outside of the ligamenta cruciata of human knee joints. Their possible functional importance is the subject of a hypothetic discussion assuming that they may represent the "switchboards" for regulating both quantity and quality of the synovia. PMID- 7269750 TI - [Conclusive significance of gait analyses at the pelvis-leg skeleton (author's transl)]. AB - Functional analyses of the gait of healthy male volunteers show approximately identical coordination of movement under standardised conditions. In contrast thereto, marked differences can be seen if the joint functions are disturbed and if there is an associated muscular insufficiency. These changes can be seen even in very minor joint affections in pain-free condition. The standardised course of the functions is suitable for describing characteristic changes in gait and to reveal some of the causal links. If these standardised conditions are employed, they offer the only possibility of assessing normalisation or progressive degeneration of pathological movement patterns. PMID- 7269751 TI - [Influence upon the longitudinal growth of extremities by direct current in animal experiments (author's transl)]. AB - Direct current under certain conditions will be show a positive effect on the longitudinal growth of long bones during growing-age. Examinations were made in 8 to 10 week old rabbits in a right to left attempt. The electrodes were implanted in the midshaft of tibia. The stimulation was performed by direct current of 20 and 30 microamperes. The quantitative evaluation of 12 oxytetracyclinelabled pairs of bone showed a statistically significant increase of longitudinal growth on the electrically treated side as compared with control. Possible reasons leading to bone growth by electrical stimulation are discussed. PMID- 7269752 TI - [Dactylolysis spontanea (Ainhum) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7269753 TI - [Supplementary equipment to Harrington's instrumentarium in scoliosis operations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7269754 TI - [Patient compliance - an integrating task for general practice]. PMID- 7269755 TI - [Generalized lymphedema]. PMID- 7269756 TI - [Transition from the hospital to the rehabilitation center]. PMID- 7269758 TI - [The outer ligaments of the upper ankle joint. Isolated bagatelle injuries]. PMID- 7269759 TI - [Memento of osseous sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7269757 TI - [Lumber disk displacement]. PMID- 7269760 TI - [The established general practitioner and the client-centered method]. PMID- 7269761 TI - [Teecura - tea for the prevention of urinary calculi recurrence]. PMID- 7269762 TI - [Vasodilators in therapy-refractory heart insufficiency]. PMID- 7269763 TI - [Catecholamines in the treatment of therapy-refractory heart insufficiency]. PMID- 7269764 TI - [Current digitalis therapy]. PMID- 7269765 TI - [ECG changes in the athlete and their validity]. PMID- 7269766 TI - [Alcohol and the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7269767 TI - [When is massage indicated?]. PMID- 7269768 TI - [Physical therapy procedures. Indications and their implementation]. PMID- 7269769 TI - [Thermotherapy. Procedures, indications and therapy]. PMID- 7269770 TI - [Therapy of iron-folic acid deficiency in pregnancy]. PMID- 7269771 TI - [Postural support for local movements in cats and dogs]. AB - A comparative analysis of adjustment of posture for performance of different kinds of local movements (movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the motor cortex; proprioceptive reaction of placing the paw on a support, conditioned lifts of the paw) was made in cats and dogs. The present experimental data were obtained in two laboratories independent of each other. For their quantitative analysis a number of criteria was elaborated which allow to obtain characteristics of the posture at concrete moments and differential characteristics based on the measurement of vertical forces of the limbs support. It was shown that the general characteristics of posture adjustment (the so called diagonal pattern) are identical in cats and dogs and in different kinds of movements; the degree of diagonality, however, depends considerably on the kind of movement. During conditioned movements the diagonality coefficient is higher in dogs than in cats. PMID- 7269772 TI - [Instrumental conditioned defensive reflex to electrical stimulation of the hippocampus in dogs]. AB - In experiments on 6 dogs an instrumental defensive conditioned reflex was elaborated to electrical stimulation of the ventral and dorsal hippocampus. This reflex possessed the same characteristics as reflexes to distant stimuli: it became extinguished when the reinforcement was discontinued; it reappeared when the reinforcement was resumed, and it was subject to generalization. In the course of reflex elaboration, the hippocampus function underwent a substantial reorganization. Initially it consisted in inhibition of behavioural reactions; following the reflex elaboration, a general motor activity took place anticipating conditioned paw lift. PMID- 7269774 TI - [Participation of hypothalamic noradrenergic structures in the reproduction of conditioned "passive" avoidance reactions]. AB - The level of fluorescence of noradrenaline in the hypothalamic nuclei was studied with histofluorescent method during reproduction of conditioned reaction of passive avoidance (CPA) by rats of the Wistar line. Animals' "emotionality" was estimated by the number of defecation boluses. Reproduction of CPA in the first rest leads both to an increase in animals' "emotionality" and to an activation of noradrenergic terminals of the hypothalamic nuclei. After extinction of the emotional component of the conditioned reaction reproduction of CPA motor component does not lower the level of noradrenaline fluorescence in the studied structures. The obtained data permit to suggest participation of noradrenergic system in the emotional component of conditioned defensive reactions. PMID- 7269773 TI - [Description of conditioned reflex elaboration in cats in response to electric stimulation of the hippocampal formation]. AB - In six cats with chronically implanted brain electrodes conditioned running to the feeding trough was elaborated in response to electrical stimulation of the ventral hippocampal formation (VHF), which at first produced inhibition of running. The stages of conditioning were as follows: 1) inhibition of conditioned activity; 2) replacement of inhibition by more frequent runnings--generalization of the conditioned reflex; 3) enhancement of signal significance of VHF electrical stimulation and subsequent decrease of intersignal reactions. Conditioned reflex to electrical stimulation of CA1 field was elaborated slower than that to electrical stimulation of other VHF points. At the beginning of conditioning a periodic decrease of probability of conditioned reactions manifestation was observed, which is estimated as an additional characteristic of the hippocampus activity. PMID- 7269775 TI - [Role of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus in performing alimentary instrumental reactions in rats]. PMID- 7269776 TI - [Analysis of the formation of complex conditioned reflex systems]. AB - A method is proposed of separating processes of current learning and long-term memory by a qualitative and quantitative analysis of erroneous movements performed by the animals during elaboration of one system of reflexes. The dynamics of changes in the number of some of the animal's movements in the process of learning was of a simple exponential nature and reflected the acquisition of new information. The dynamics of changes in the number of other movements was of a more complicated nature. They were classified as searching movements. The number of such movements which in the process of learning prove to be correct, at first decreases, and then increases. The number of searching movements which prove to be wrong, at first increases and then decreases. Analysis of dynamics of changes in the number of searching movements permits to determine the animal's appeal to long-term memory. PMID- 7269777 TI - [Role of the auditory cortex in the formation of complex reflexes to amplitude modulated stimuli in rats]. AB - Motor alimentary conditioned reflexes to acoustic stimuli were elaborated in 27 laboratory rats. After bilateral ablation of the auditory cortex, differentiation of tonal stimuli from amplitude-modulated (AM) signals with a 5 c/s modulation frequency was completely abolished, without its subsequent restoration in six months after the operation. Differentiation of tonal from AM-stimuli with a 50 and 500 c/s modulation frequency, however, not only persists, but is elaborated in animals with a preliminarily ablated auditory cortex. Results of the investigation permit to draw the conclusion that the auditory cortex is the centre where the coding of stimuli with a low frequency of amplitude modulation is completed. Correspondingly, the structural organization of the sensory part of the arc of conditioned responses to different classes of AM-stimuli is discussed. PMID- 7269778 TI - [Changes in the sign of the response of striopallidal neurons during elaboration of conditioned reflexes to time]. AB - During formation of motor conditioned reflexes to time (CRT) in alert rabbits, an increase in the number of neurones with activation and diminution of the number of cells with inhibitory trace activity was revealed when the stimuli were omitted, as compared with conditioned reactions (CR) to actual stimuli pairings, as well as a change in CR and CRT signs, as compared with the sign of cell responses to control tests. The changes were more pronounced in the caudate nucleus and the putamen. In the caudate nucleus and the globus pallidus, the number of cells capable of CRT in omissions of pairings increased as compared with the number of neurones which elaborate CR to actual pairings. Differences in the CR and CRT signs may suggest a difference in mechanisms of consolidation and reproduction of trace processes during elaboration of a motor behavioural act. PMID- 7269779 TI - [Evaluation of the basic characteristics of rat behavior in the "open field" test]. AB - Heart rate, motor activity and defecation were studied in rats of the Wistar strain in 10 successive one-hour "open field" tests. Defecation and heart rate parameters decreased monotonously both from test to test and throughout one session. In motor activity a second rise was recorded at 6--12th minutes against the background of a gradual decline. A positive correlation between the total value of defecation and the heart rate in 2nd-3rd minutes of the first test was observed. At the 13th minute the motor activity positively correlated with the heart rate. Significant negative correlation between motor activity and total value of defecation appeared only at 10--11th minutes of the first test. A conclusion is drawn on twofactorial motivational basis of rats' behaviour in the "open field" test. PMID- 7269781 TI - [Relation between identified neurons of defensive and respiratory reflexes in edible snails]. PMID- 7269782 TI - [Possibility of 3-dimensional localization of EEG sources based on an equivalent dipole model]. AB - Coordinates and moments of equivalent sources of certain kinds of EEG normal and pathological activity--alpha-rhythm, focal and generalized epiactivity--were estimated on a computer on the basis of a homogeneous model of a single equivalent dipole, by a modified method of the direct search. Cartesian coordinates of electrodes located according to the standard scheme 10--20 were preliminarily estimated. Precision of recovering source coordinates was determined on an agar two-layer spherical model with different localization of the stimulating electrode inside the sphere. The estimated coordinates of normal activity sources are compared with the data of electrophysiological studies of the waves genesis, and those for pathological activity, with real coordinates of the pathological focus. PMID- 7269780 TI - [Effect of euphorigenic drugs on emotionally-positive brain systems]. AB - Cocaine (10 mg/kg), amphetamine (1 mg/kg), diacetylmorphine (5 mg/kg), pentobarbital (3 mg/kg) and diazepam (1 mg/kg) caused in rats an activation of the reactions of electrical self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, comparable by their pronouncement. All the drugs changed the pattern of histograms of durations distribution of pauses between self-stimulations, due primarily to a diminished number of long pauses. Psychodepressant drugs increased the number of long and superlong pedal pressings. A number of pairs of parameters with stable correlations was revealed, and their changes under the drugs effect were noted. The results of the study suggest that euphorigenic effect of the drugs is connected with the activation of reward system produced by them. PMID- 7269783 TI - [Electroencephalographic study of sleep in Sea of Azov porpoises]. AB - ECoG of both hemispheres, EMG of neck muscles, ECG and respiration rate were recorded in 3 free swimming Black Sea porpoises. The sleep characteristics in the porpoises were similar to those in the bottlenose dolphins which have been investigated earlier. Unihemispheric slow sleep was the main type of the porpoise sleep. Paradoxical sleep has not yet been found in them. All ther types of the porpoise sleep occurred during swimming and therefore could not serve to spare energy and to immobilize the animal. The experiments with nembutal and diazepam administration suggest that the functional necessity of the unihemispheric sleep results from the impossibility of maintaining dolphins' respiration during bilateral delta-sleep. PMID- 7269785 TI - [Role of raphe nuceli in the development of somatosensory cortex neuronal activity in the kitten]. AB - The formation of background and evoked unit activity in the I somatosensory cortical zone was traced in acute experiments on 5 to 20 days old kittens. Stimulation of anterior (median, dorsal) raphe nuclei inhibits the spike activity of cortical units in kittens beginning with the age of 11 to 12 days and modulates evoked responses. This is manifested in the transformation of immature tonic reactions into phasic, which are inherent in a more definitive type of reaction. The role of the serotoninergic mechanisms in the formation of recurrent inhibition in the cortex is discussed, as well as heterochroneous formation of monoaminergic brain systems in the process of postnatal development. PMID- 7269784 TI - [Evoked auditory cortex potentials of wakeful dogs in response to paired clicks]. AB - EP to a test click appears in the auditory cortex of alert intact dogs in 30--40 ms after the conditioning click (period of the so called absolute refractory state). The curve of the recovery of the second EP has a complex periodic character with two stages of complete recovery of the early EP complex amplitude: rapid initial after 80--180 ms, and final, 280--430 ms after presentation of the conditioning click. PMID- 7269787 TI - [Neuron-glia interrelations in the cerebral cortex of rabbits in the presence of a polarization dominant]. AB - Neurochemical and morphological studies of individual cellular structures of different cortical layers suggest that the formation of "polarization" dominant is due to the activity of the V cortical layer. Primary involvement of interneurones and neuroglia has been revealed in the organization of the dominant trace effect and in processes related to memory. Comparison of electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of the "polarization" dominant shows that the reorganization of summary electrical activity of the neocortex tending to the predominance of delta-frequencies in the power spectrum and enhancement of biopotentials correlation within this frequency range, are determined by processes taking place in lower cortical layers. PMID- 7269786 TI - [Space-time distribution of individual cat EEG theta-oscillations in biologically different situations]. AB - A study was made of statistical properties of temporal sequences of single oscillations in theta-range arising on EEG of different areas of the cat brain in two experimental situations: indifferent to the animal or biologically significant for it. EEG of eight structures in the left hemisphere were analysed in six cats: the caudate nucleus, the ventral and dorsal hippocampus, the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, the lateral hypothalamus, the occipital, temporal and frontal cortical areas. It was found that the acquisition of biological significance by the acoustic stimulus is reflected in the distribution of single EEG-oscillations of the theta-range in the studied brain structures both directly before the acoustic stimulus (background) and in the process of the animal's performance of the experimental task. The temporal distribution of the above oscillations in each brain area separately also undergoes changes. PMID- 7269789 TI - [Effect of an enriched environment on the functional and biochemical indices of the cerebral cortex of growing rats]. AB - Experiment was aimed at studying the influence of conditions in which developing rats are kept, on conditioned behaviour, and functional and biochemical activities of the cerebral cortex. It was shown that a two-month stay of the animals (beginning with the 15th day of their life) in enriched play surroundings accelerates differential conditioning and causes an enhancement of the limit and index of photic driving on EEG, as well as biochemical shifts (enhanced activity of lactate dehydrogenase and of its isoenzymes, an increase of the content of sulfhydryl groups) in the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7269788 TI - [Effect of prolonged post-tetanic potentiation on the activity of mediator metabolism enzymes in the hippocampus of rabbits]. AB - The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoaminoxidase (MAO) in the field CA3 of rabbit's hippocampus was studied with histochemical methods during prolonged posttetanic potentiation (PTP), evoked by short (20 s) low-frequency (20/s) stimulation of n. septo-fimbrialis. Studies were conducted 20 min (group I) and 60 min (group II) after tetanization. In the group I a decrease in AChE activity was observed, especially in str. pyramidale and in the adjacent region of str. oriens. In the group II AChE activity increased, mostly in the external part of str. radiatum. MAO activity increased in both animal groups. For the group I a low (r = 0,42), but significant (P less than 0.05) correlation between PTP value and change in response to AChE was discovered. The reduction of activity 20 min after tetanization may be due to non-specific effect of tetanization as such and to a relatively short posttetanic depression. The increase in MAO activity is interpreted as an indirect confirmation of the part of the monoaminoergic systems in stabilization of plastic rearrangements elicited by tetanization. PMID- 7269790 TI - [Plastic properties of neuronal synapses in hippocampal slices]. AB - Long-lasting potentiation was examined in the dentate gyrus -- area CA3 pathway by extra- and intracellular recording from slices of the mouse hippocampus. Tetanization of the dentate gyrus led to a shortening of the latency of action potentials (APs) and EPSPs recorded from the area CA3, to an increase in the amplitude of EPSPs and in the steepness of their ascending slope and to an augmented probability of APs. These changes persisted for a period of several seconds to 30 min after tetanization. The results suggest that monosynaptic EPSPs also can undergo long-lasting (up to 30 min) post-potentiation. PMID- 7269791 TI - [Effect of emotional activity on the spatial synchronization of human brain biopotentials]. PMID- 7269792 TI - [Differentiation of figures by dogs according to volume and plane cues]. PMID- 7269793 TI - [Dynamics of hippocampal neuron activity in the functional system of alimentary behavior]. PMID- 7269794 TI - [Effect of disruption of connections between the septum and hippocampus on the organization of cortical potentials and conditioned reflex elaboration]. PMID- 7269795 TI - [Training rabbits to reduce their heart rate by a programmed biocontrol method]. PMID- 7269796 TI - [Effect of vasopressin on the characteristics of prolonged posttetanic potentiation in hippocampal slices]. PMID- 7269797 TI - [Functional behavioral disymmetry in fish]. PMID- 7269798 TI - Cholera control in an inaccessible district in Tanzania: importance of temporary rural centres. AB - The fourth ever recorded outbreak of cholera on Tanzania mainland started on 2.10.77 in Twasalie village which is a delta island in the Utete district on the Indian Ocean coastal line. Poor communication and inadequate health facilities in the district delayed detection and reporting of the outbreak for four weeks leading to wide dissemination of the disease. Socio-cultural and religious practices by residents of the district especially the procedure of burying the dead played a key role in enhancing spread of the infection. The outbreak was controlled by establishing 16 multipurpose cholera centres in the district. Whereas 55% of the 69 patients with the disease before control measures were introduced died, the mortality rate was reduced to 1.6% out of the 184 severely ill patients admitted to treatment centres. PMID- 7269799 TI - Advanced abdominal pregnancy. AB - Two cases of advanced abdominal pregnancy have been reviewed and two live babies have been delivered. Emphasis has been given to suggestive clinical features which may help in the pre-operative diagnosis of this rare condition. PMID- 7269800 TI - Differential solubility test for haemoglobin S. AB - Two hundred and seventy-eight blood specimens were examined, both by the Sicklequik solubility test and haemoglobin electrophoresis on paper. Two hundred and sixty specimens (96.04%) were correctly identified by the Sicklequik solubility test. Forty-nine out of fifty (98%) specimens were interpreted identically when examined independently by two observers. PMID- 7269801 TI - Failure of oral contraceptive with rifampicin. PMID- 7269802 TI - The distance factor in the use of psychiatric facilities. PMID- 7269804 TI - [The problem of nitrate and nitrite in human food. II. The occurrence of nitrate, nitrite, and thiocyanate in human saliva (author's transl)]. AB - When the alimentary nitrate intake is in the range of 50 mg NO3- the nitrate values in saliva of adults and children follow a Gaussian normal distribution. With high and very high nitrate intakes the individual fluctuations of nitrate in saliva are distributed randomly in a wide range with a factor of 1:4. The nitrite values in saliva fluctuate even more, so that a proper judgment should be made only in individual cases. The average content of thiocyanate in saliva of adults was found to be 134 ppm SCN-, the saliva of children contained 50 ppm SCN-. The estimated molecular ratio of thiocyanate to nitrite in saliva of adults and children may fluctuate between 8:1 and 1:1 depending on the nitrate content of food. PMID- 7269803 TI - [Molds in foods of the Czechoslovak Socialistic Republik (author's transl)]. AB - The mycoflora of 13.527 g of food powders which were normal upon sensory evaluation as well of 22.017 pieces of surface sterilized grains and nuts was examined in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. 147.027 colonies of 44 genera of molds were isolated and identified from samples. Colonies of Penicllium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Cladosporium sp. occured most often, less often or quite infrequently Rhizopus sp., Mucor sp., Absidia sp., Alternaria sp., Circinella sp., Trichoderma sp., Botrytis sp., Paecilomyces sp., Geotrichum sp., Syncephalastrum sp., Scopulariopsis sp., Phoma sp., Auerobasidium sp., Fusarium sp., Thamnidium sp., Cunninghamella sp., Stemphylium sp., Torula sp., Trichothecium sp., Verticillium sp., Cephalosporium sp., Mortierella sp., Neurospora sp., Ostracoderma sp., Arthrinium sp., Monodyctis sp., Papularia sp., Acremonium sp., Chaetomium sp., Chrysosporium sp., Beauveria sp., Cephaliophora sp., Daktylosporium sp., Drechslera sp., Gliomastix sp., Helminthosporium sp., Humicola sp., Monilia sp., Sepedonium sp., Ulocladium sp., and Wallemia sp. PMID- 7269805 TI - Factors influencing faecal nitrogen excretion in sheep. 1. The digestibility and level of intake of pelleted diets. PMID- 7269806 TI - Factors influencing faecal nitrogen excretion in sheep. 2. Carbohydrate fermentation in the caecum and large intestine. PMID- 7269807 TI - The changes of glucose level in blood of normal and starved hens after glucose injections. PMID- 7269808 TI - Effect of adaptation on urea utilization in ruminants. PMID- 7269809 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of vesico-ureteral reflux in children]. AB - The ultrasound diagnostics in the vesico-ureteral reflux makes possible: 1. The exact determination of various parameters of the reflux kidney (breadth of parenchyma, size of the kidney, pyelon). 2. In cases of reflux 3.--5. degrees the direct representation by filling of the bladder. 3. The full postoperative judgment of the condition of defluxion, which is of great value in risk patients. 4. The long-term control within the renal dispensary for the exclusion of late stenosations and the morphological judgment of the further development of the kidney. The postoperative intravenous urogramme is restricted to those cases which are sonographically conspicuous. The control MCU of the reflux recidivation will further be necessary. PMID- 7269810 TI - [Ultrasonic echography as a diagnostic measure before supra-pubic bladder puncture]. AB - It is reported on 40 punctures of the bladder after previous ultrasound diagnostics. In all cases the puncture could be performed successfully without failure at a filling stage of the bladder of 250 to 300 ml. By this possibility to puncture the bladder at a physiological filling stage changes of the urine tests were avoided which appear by the often recommended methods for the increase of diuresis. PMID- 7269811 TI - [Bilharziasis as an incidental finding during treatment of African patients]. AB - Since 1976 in 16 African patients as secondary findings an affection with schistosomas could be established. 5 cases were a urogenital bilharziasis. These numbers cause to refer to the fact that on principle in patients from the subtropics and the tropics should be searched for bilharziasis. PMID- 7269813 TI - [Value of roentgenologic methods in the T-category determination of prostatic cancer]. AB - On the basis of a complex roentgenologically diagnosed series of patients with carcinoma of the prostate a valuation of individual roentgenologic methods (excretion urogramme, urethrocystogramme, miction urogramme, vesiculogramme, cavernosogramme) for the T-determination are carried out. Here the standard programme of the UICC (1978) is confirmed, in which case the vesiculogramme additionally must be used in provided curative therapy. Additional roentgenologic methods are reserved to individual questionings. It is referred to a differentiated judgment of the category T3. PMID- 7269812 TI - [So-called hypertrophic female bladder neck obstruction]. AB - The diagnosis of female obstruction of the vesical neck deserves more attention. The hypertrophic form may be established in form of a screening already in the excretion urogramme. It is remarkable that histologically here no hyperplasia of periurethral glands is found, but a vascular hyperplasia as a sequel of primary circulatory disturbances, the hormonal dependence of which remains to be discussed. PMID- 7269814 TI - [Value of lymphography in prostatic cancer - comparison with pelvic en-bloc lymphadenectomy]. AB - On the basis of 62 pelvic en bloc lymphadenectomies in the carcinoma of the prostate the lymphogenic formation of metastases is histologically determined. In 41 patients the comparison between lymphographic and histological N-determination is performed. The security of the lymphography in the carcinoma of the prostate in the lymphographically establishable pelvic region is recognized with 70%. By the pelvic en bloc lymphadenectomy in 50% of the cases a change of the preoperatively established N-determination takes place. The pedal lymphography is overestimated as method in the carcinoma of the prostate. As a secure technique in the determination of the lymphogenic formation of metastases at present the pelvic en bloc lymphadenomectomy with histological elaboration of the preparations is to be regarded. To this methods belongs a decisive diagnostic evidence in the determination of the formation of metastases of the carcinoma of the prostate by pelvic lymph nodes. The value of the lymphography consists in the simultaneous establishment of aortic metastases. Apart from this an intraoperative X-ray control may partly prove the radicality of the intervention. PMID- 7269815 TI - [Semi-continuous peritoneal dialysis - an advantageous modification of the peritoneal dialysis technic]. AB - Using a single-needle-monitor known from the haemodialysis in the peritoneal dialysis vastly automatized short cycles may be achieved which make possible an increase of effectiveness and thus a shortening of the time of dialysis. Thus patient and personnel are relieved. In the practical use the technique proved to be simple, no known complications conditioned by technique appeared. PMID- 7269817 TI - [Spontaneous kidney pelvis rupture]. PMID- 7269816 TI - [Observation of the course of 4-year ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of chronic uremia]. AB - It is reported on a 4-year chronic peritoneal dialysis due to decompensated retention of substances normally contained in the urine in chronic pyelonephritis. Under a treatment regimen of 3.6 dialyses with 20 1 of wash each satisfying values of creatinine, haemoglobin and total protein in the serum were found. Further a vast normalisation of the blood pressure could be achieved. A series of complications partly repeatedly appearing could be treated successfully. By a diet rich in protein and careful use of the peritoneal dialysis catheter the most dangerous complications of the peritoneal dialysis, loss of protein and peritonitis, did not represent a serious problem. PMID- 7269818 TI - [Therapy and long-term results of urinary calculi based on a study of 6959 cases]. PMID- 7269819 TI - [Treatment of cystinuria]. PMID- 7269820 TI - [Malignant retroperitoneal fibrosis due to metastasizing non-urologic tumors as a cause of hydronephrosis]. PMID- 7269822 TI - ["Precancerous penile papules" and a "benign penile papillomatosis"]. PMID- 7269821 TI - [Complications in the treatment of bladder neck stenosis following bladder neck adenomectomy]. PMID- 7269823 TI - [Serum and urine lysozyme in chronic pyelonephritis and chronic glomerulonephritis]. AB - In 130 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and 215 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis the serum lysozyme content was established and in 114 and 186, respectively, the enzyme content of their urine tests. Moreover the lysozyme measurement in the serum of 28 patients undergoing haemodialysis was performed. A collective of 50 healthy persons served as comparative group. The lysozyme estimation was performed by means of the agar-diffusion technique after Ossermann and Lawlor in own modification. The average serum lysozyme levels of the patients with pyelonephritis (mean =7.3 micrograms/ml) as well as of the patients with glomerulonephritis (mean = 5.7 micrograms/ml) were significantly increased in contrast to the control group (mean = 4.5 micrograms/ml). Differences could be recognized between the various forms of glomerulonephritis. 34.2% of the patients with pyelonephritis and 37.1% of the patients with glomerulonephritis showed a lysozymuria. In functional restrictions of the kidneys as well as in active forms of the diseases increased concentrations in serum and urine could be established. PMID- 7269824 TI - [Effect of uremic plasma fractions of different molecular sizes on the filterability of red blood cells]. AB - Behaviour of the filtration of red blood cells (rbc) passed through a filter paper was investigated. The rbc were incubated in fractions of blood plasma with different molecular mass (MM). By means of an Amicon membrane XM-50 the separation of plasma from healthy and uremic patients (children) was performed into two parts of different molecular sizes one of these was the concentrate (MM more than 50 000 = K) and the other was the ultrafiltrate (MM below 50 000 = UF). By a second step the UF was divided (Amicon membrane UM-50 into an UF1 (MM below 500) and into an UF2 (MM 500 to 50 000). In addition a hemofiltrate (MM below 5 000) was used for the incubation too. This hemofiltrate was made form pooled plasma of healthy and uremic patients, respectively. Rbc was incubated in both different fractions of plasma and hemofiltrate at a temperature of 37 degrees C and for a duration of 60 min. The pH-level and the osmolality were physiological. Under the influence of uremic UF the flexibility of rbc was clearly decreased. The UF1 had the most effect of the decrease of flexibility. Therefore the small substances which are easy dialysable play also an important role in the damage of rbc in the uremia. PMID- 7269825 TI - Seasonal changes in the behavior and plasma titers of various hormones in barheaded geese, Anser indicus. AB - A number of behavioral and physiological parameters including the circulating levels of 7 hormones were investigated in a free ranging population of barheaded geese in Seewiesen, W. Germany. Behavioral data were collected on the entire flock from which seasonal changes in the frequencies were determined. In addition, data on the behavior of individuals were obtained to aid in the comparison of seasonal changes in behavior and hormones. The resulting curves were used to examine whether the annual changes in the frequencies of various behaviors were related to changes in circulating hormonal concentrations. Lastly, the physiological data were discussed with regard to reproductive biology in birds. PMID- 7269826 TI - Malignant lymphoma reference centres: GDR, Hungary and Poland, 1979. AB - In the present paper, the more important data on malignant lymphoma cases seen by the Malignant Lymphoma Reference Centres of the GDR, Hungary and Poland in 1979 are summarized. Altogether 655 new malignant lymphomas were diagnosed pathohistologically, 141 of them (21.5%) representing Hodgkin's disease and 514 (78.5%) non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas. Besides, 16 cases of malignant histiocytosis were recorded in the three Centres. The ratio of Hodgkin's disease to non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (see above) and that of low-grade to high grade tumours (68.5% vs 31.5%) were similar in the three Centres. Ways of further development of the collaboration of the Centres and the measures necessary to increase the comparability of the accumulated material are discussed. PMID- 7269827 TI - Muscular changes in carcinomas of the breast. AB - 14 samples of the Musculus pectoralis major from patients with early stages of breast cancer and 3 samples from patients with nonmalignant mammary diseases were stored in liquid nitrogen and investigated histologically, histochemically and histometrically. Main changes are lipomatosis, fibre necrosis, occasionally perifascicular atrophy, metabolic changes (e.g. accumulation of lipids), and alterations of the activity of oxidative enzymes. Histometrically we found an atrophy of type 2-fibres. There may be relations between the degree of the muscle changes and the severity of the tumour disease. The paraneoplastic muscle disease is a "concomitant myopathy" and may be regarded as a "functional myopathy". In its development we can differentiate a phase of compensation and a phase of decompensation. PMID- 7269828 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma (author's transl)]. AB - Hemangiopericytoma (HP) is extremely rare in our country. During the last 30 years only two cases were found in the material of our institute. The first case was a tumor of the neck. In spite of little histological evidence of malignancy, local recurrence together with bone metastases occurred four years after removal of the primary tumor. The second case might be a transition of a HP into a hemangioendothelioma. The primary tumor at the lower arm showed the histological pattern of a HP but contained some capillaries with suspicious endothelial proliferations. A nodule in the axilla revealed the pattern of hemangioendothelioma with some areas which resembled a HP. The visceral metastases contained tumor tissue with the typical appearance of hemangioendothelioma. Evaluation of dignity of hemangiopericytomas is extremely difficult. Differentiation of malignant cases of HP from other richly vascularized soft tissue sarcomas and especially from stromal sarcoma of uterus may present problems. PMID- 7269829 TI - [Liver alterations in newborn rabbits after maternal thrombin shock (author's transl)]. AB - Intrauterine asphyxia has been induced in immature and mature newborn rabbits by means of experimental shock of the pregnant doe. Typical changes of clotting parameters and morphological alterations in different organs specific for shock were used as criteria of the maternal shock. For the detection of asphyxia conditioned neonatal organ lesions, liver, lung, kidney and heart muscle were studied light microscopically. Special attention was devoted to liver alterations, i.e. changes of hepatocyte structure, glycogen content and microcirculation disturbances as well as to alterations of the hematopoietic system. The asphyxia related effects were vacuolic degeneration of hepatocytes, centroacinar hyperemia and persistence of hematopoietic cells in the neonatal liver. The alterations of the hepatocytes as well as of the hematopoietic system were more conspicuous in mature then in immature asphyxiated rabbits. On the contrary, the microcirculatory changes are similar in both animal groups. PMID- 7269830 TI - [Histological and histochemical changes in chronic pancreatitis treated operatively (author's transl)]. PMID- 7269831 TI - [Combined osteosynthesis in experiment and clinic (author's transl)]. AB - Animal experimentations of the pathophysiology of bone union after combined osteosyntheses (plate + methylmethacrylate) showed that acrylic cement destroys the intramedullary blood supply. Revascularization of the cortical bone will occur from the periosteum towards the endosteum. With the stability obtained, the osteotomy heals with formation of callus which overbridges the necrotic bone. Increased soft tissue damage delays callus formation and bone revascularization. In a 9 years period, 327 patients were treated with combined osteosynthesis. 231 of them had an unstable pertrochanteric fracture and 96 were treated because of a pathological fracture. There were 9 soft tissue infections, we observed no osteomyelitis. A follow-up of the patients with pertrochanteric fractures showed 81% good and very good results. If stability was obtained, the fractures used to heal. PMID- 7269832 TI - [Delayed traumatic apoplexy (author's transl)]. AB - The yearly average of patients suffering from severe cranio-encephalic injuries who are admitted to our department is 492. From 1972 to 1980 we have been able to operate on 11 delayed traumatic intracerebral hematomas. Bollinger, in 1981, was the first to describe delayed traumatic apoplexy. Since the treatment is usually surgical evacuation of the hematoma. Results of treatment and conclusions are dealt with. PMID- 7269833 TI - [Percutaneous wire cerclage of spiral fractures of the distal tibia (author's transl)]. AB - 16 operations of this kind were performed according to Goetze, 13 of them could be followed up. The results obtained are encouraging. This method is especially valuable in rural areas where an early ambulation of the patient is demanded, even with the leg in a plaster cast. PMID- 7269834 TI - [Neglected hip dislocation fractures (author's transl)]. AB - Follow-up of 30 patients with hip dislocation fractures showed avascular necroses in more than 30% of the cases and/or arthrotic changes and dissatisfying clinical results. In our opinion there is no sense in trying to reconstruct the joint by surgical procedures especially in elderly patients in cases with combined fractures, concomitant comminuted fractures of the femoral head and neck or destruction of the acetabulum. In all these cases we recommend a total hip prosthesis (elderly people) or in younger patients an arthrodesis immediately after the accident. PMID- 7269835 TI - [Recurrence operations in epicondylitis humeri radialis with ultrasonic instruments]. PMID- 7269836 TI - [Appendicitis in the aged (author's transl)]. AB - In cases of partially uncharacteristic clinical symptoms with no typical leukocytosis and no ESR elevation, laparotomy reveals not seldom an acute phlegmonous appendix. As compared with the similar disease in younger people appendicitis of the aged presents more complications and a higher mortality rate which can partially explained by clinically meaningful secondary findings and a lesser degree of peritoneal inflammation. The mortality rate of appendicitis in the aged could be markedly reduced. This may be attributed to emergency operation of clinically diagnosed appendicitis in the aged, to improve anaesthetic technique, to infusion therapy and parenteral feeding and last not least postoperative administering of antibiotics. PMID- 7269837 TI - [Resection of the gastric stump (author's transl)]. AB - From 1973 to 1979 11 patients underwent total gastrectomy (9 x carcinoma of the gastric stump, 1 x recurrence after subtotal resection due to gastric cancer, 1 x Zollinger-Ellison-syndrome). The average age came up to 60 years. Mortality rate 9%. The late prognosis in unfavourable. PMID- 7269838 TI - [Mesenteric cysts (author's transl)]. AB - Mesenteric cysts belong to the rare abdominal diseases. Histomorphologically, they are classified as cystic lymphangiomas. Even though most frequently localized in the mesentery of the small intestine, they can originate from any part of the abdominal cavity with two peritoneal linings. The content of the cysts is either serous or chylous possessing immunologic active proteins. This is demonstrated by its highly antibacterial activity. Whereas in children the onset of symptoms is acute due to intestinal obstruction, in adults it is mainly chronic abdominal pains without exact localisation and often in combination with a longstanding palpable tumour. In addition to routine procedure the diagnostics includes sonography, cavography and barium meal radiography of the stomach and intestines. In some cases, especially those with solid parts angiography and computer-tomography are of additional value. Surgery is the therapeutic method of choice. Preference is given to enucleation and resection with or without removal of part of the intestine corresponding to the mesentery baring the cyst. Drainage methods are of historical interest only. In our 9 cases (3 children and 6 adults) resection was performed in 7 and enucleation in 2 cases. The postoperative courses were uneventful. PMID- 7269839 TI - [Gallbladder decompression in acute cholecystitis (author's transl)]. AB - Decompression of the acute inflamed gallbladder via laparoscopy and inserting a small catheter not only allow to reduce the pressure on the wall but to instill antibiotic solutions into the gallbladder as well. In this way the inflammatory process will fade away and the operation (cholecystectomy) can be performed with much lesser risk. In old aged people the authors recommend so called "minioperations" like laproscopic cholecystotomy and -cholecystostomy. PMID- 7269840 TI - [The significance of cephalic duodeno-pancreatectomy with pancreato-gastrostomy in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7269841 TI - [Mortality rate in surgery of goitre. Report on 27711 thyroid operations in the years 1949 to 1978]. AB - This is a report on 27 711 thyroidectomies (partial and total) performed in the years 1949 to 1978 at the Empress-Elisabeth-Hospital Vienna. The patients treated comprise cases of simple goitre, recurrences, hyperthyroid and malignant goitres. Typical intra- and postoperative complications, such as air embolism, bleeding, damage to the recurrent nerves, thyrotoxic crisis, hypocalcaemia, disease of the thymus gland and postoperative malignant hyperthermia are discussed. Due to better preoperative medication and surgical technique respectively the frequency of intraoperative complications as well as thyrotoxic crises and recurrent nerve damage went down, thromboembolic complications however, increased corresponding to the increase of the mean age of patients undergoing surgery of their goitre nowadays. PMID- 7269842 TI - [Surgically correctable cerebrovascular insufficiency]. AB - Obstructions along supra-aortic branches cause one third of all cases with clinically obvious cerebrovascular disease. 80% of these alterations (stenosis, occlusion) can successfully be operated on. This paper deals with some facts concerning normal and pathological physiology of cerebral blood-flow as well as with clinical signs and staging of cerebral insufficiency. It offers aspects of the modern way of diagnosis and surgical therapy in cerebrovascular disease, caused by extracranial localized arterial obstruction. In conclusion, the search for an occlusive process being obligatory for prevention of stroke in any case of syncope or transitory neurological deficit is emphasized. PMID- 7269843 TI - [Anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery in infants]. AB - The authors report on examples of surgical treatment of the left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery with myocardial infarction to be found in 4 infants and one suckling at the age of 2, 3, 6, 8, and 30 months. The anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery was double ligated. All children survived the operation and two years after the operation they were in good health and without complaints. Electrocardiographic signs of anterolateral ischaemia of the myocardium have decreased. PMID- 7269845 TI - [Microvascular clips and lesions of the vessel wall. Histological investigations on the femoral vessels of the rat]. PMID- 7269844 TI - [Peptic ulceration of the oesophagus. Report of 18 cases]. AB - From 1968 to 1979 881 patients suffering from peptic ulcerations were seen at the Surgical Dept. of the "Medizinische Akademie - Dresden". In a percentage of 2.04 these ulcers were located in the oesophagus (n = 18) near the cardia. Due to the high rate of complications following conservative treatment the authors recommend resection of the oesophageal ulcers and oesophago-gastrostomy. After operation no gastro-oesophageal reflux could be observed. PMID- 7269846 TI - Detection of staphylococcus aureus protein A by passive hemagglutination test using microtiter plates. PMID- 7269847 TI - Oxygen-dependent metronidazole-resistance of Clostridium histolyticum. AB - Sensitivity determinations with 6 strains of Clostridium histolyticum showed that the inhibitory action of metronidazole was highly dependent on the oxygen concentration of the environment. Under anaerobic conditions they were sensitive but at increased oxygen concentrations moderately sensitive or resistant. The flexible resistance of this aerotolerant anaerobe against metronidazole may interfere with results of sensitivity determinations, estimation of blood levels and it may influence the effectiveness of the drug in anaerobic infections due to aerotolerant anaerobes. PMID- 7269848 TI - [Investigations on the dependency of hemagglutination inhibition titers against rubella virus on the number and quality of antibody molecules (author's transl)]. AB - The number (A) and quality (K) of rubella virus antibody molecules has been determined for human sera obtained at graded time intervals after rubella infection or vaccination. Tests were carried out by use of a previously described technique (9) and the results were compared with the rubella HI titers found. Sera obtained within 59 days after onset of rash or vaccination of previously seronegative persons were found to contain antibody molecules of lower quality than did sera obtained at later time intervals. Sera obtained after vaccination of seronegative humans contained much smaller numbers of antibody molecules than did sera obtained after rubella infection. With the exception of sera obtained within 59 days after onset of rash, no significant differences in the number of antibody molecules per HI unit were found. The HI titers depended with this exception primarily on the number and not on the quality of antibody. PMID- 7269849 TI - [Lesions in the central nervous system of the mouse caused by yellow fever 17 D. An animal model of the histological evaluation of viral encephalitis (author's transl)]. AB - Random-Bred-Swiss Mice were inoculated intracerebrally with 0.02 ml of a 10(-1) diluted suspension of yellow fever virus 17 D. The animals were sacrificed at selected times ranging from 1 day up to 168 days after inoculation. Brain sections were stained and then histologically investigated. Nerve cell necrosis in the cornu ammonis could be seen already 24 h after inoculation, again 24 h later inflammatory signs were found. There was no spatial correlation between nerve cell necrosis and inflammation.--Although the animals did not show clinical signs of infection for more than 2 weeks, nerve cell necrosis was still progressive, even in mice sacrificed 168 days after inoculation of the virus.- The implications of those findings are discussed and the definition of encephalitis established by Spatz is challenged.--The above described approach may also serve as a model for explaining etiological findings with regard to the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases of the central nerve system. PMID- 7269850 TI - [Isolation and identification of Neisseriaceae]. PMID- 7269851 TI - Improvement of the polyvalent Salmonella phage's O-1 diagnostic value by addition of a phage specific for the O groups E1-E4. AB - The usefulness of the polyvalent Salmonella phage O-1 as a first step diagnostic tool is again emphasized. 96.1% of all Salmonella strains are lysed. Its disadvantage of not lysing some 10-30% of strains belonging to the O groups E1-E4 has been eliminated by creating a mixture of the phage O-1 with a phage G47, (obtained from Gershman) which is highly active on OE strains. Thus the mixture exhibits a high OE-specificity without impairment of the O-1 polyvalency. PMID- 7269852 TI - Immunoserological characteristics of homogeneous choleragen and neuraminidase preparations. PMID- 7269853 TI - [Examination of the antibacterial action of metronidazole against vibrios and Campylobacter (author's transl)]. AB - The in vitro antibacterial activity of metronidazole was tested against 70 strains of aerobic vibrios (V. cholerae biotype cholerae, V. cholerae biotype eltor, NAG-vibrios, V. parahaemolyticus, v. alginolyticus) and 30 strains of microaerophilic Campylobacter (C. fetus subsp. fetus, C. fetus subsp. intestinalis and C. fetus subsp. jejuni). All strains of aerobic vibrios proved to be resistant (MIC 100 micrograms/ml) in contrast to campylobacter strains which were sensitive (MIC 1-4 micrograms/ml) to the drug. The findings confirm that metronidazole can be considered to be a selective inhibitor of anaerobic microorganisms, but its action is not restricted to obligate anaerobes. PMID- 7269854 TI - [Laboratory procedures in adenoviruses. vii. susceptibility of human diploid fibroblasts (author's transl)]. AB - Six prototype strains of human adenoviruses (Ad 1, 4, 7, 8, 12, 19) were passed and titrated comparatively in four strains of human diploid fibroblast cultures. The viruses were readily passed 5 times with cytopathic effect; no signs of adaptation or dimunition of CPE were apparent. The virus yield was about equal in fibroblasts and in HeLa cells. High and low passage fibroblasts were of equal susceptibility. In endpoint titrations, fibroblast cultures showed an about 10 fold lower susceptibility towards Ad1 and Ad7; however, they compared favorably for Ad4, 8, 12, and 19 with HeLa or (for Ad8) with human amnion cell cultures. In some instances differences in the susceptibility between fibroblast strains were observed. Fibroblast cultures and human amnion cells showed equal susceptibility for Ad8 from 9 original conjunctival specimens, while results with other types varied. For adenovirus isolation, fibroblast cultures are suitable as an adjunct to HeLa cell cultures, particularly for Ad8. However, the long duration till the appearance of CPE which sometimes exceeds 50 days is a disadvantage. PMID- 7269855 TI - [Purification and characterization of streptococcal hyaluronate lyase (author's transl)]. AB - Hyaluronate lyase of group C strain H 46A (Streptococcus equisimilis) was purified and characterized by isoelectric focusing, sodium-dodecylsulfate acrylamide electrophoresis, polyacrylamide-gradient-electrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The purification of the hyaluronate lyase was performed successively by adsorption on Florisil, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and - for separation of streptokinase - stirring with CPG-pore-glass. The last step was Sepharose 6B. PUrified hyaluronate lyase showed a high specific activity. The purified enzyme was found to be antigenically homogeneous. No contaminating streptococcal components could be detected. The molecular size was determined as to be 90 000 dalton by gel filtration and 110 000 dalton by sodium dodecylsulfate acrylamide electrophoresis. The amino acid composition was also determined. In the isoelectric focusing, using gels with reducing conditions, one protein band at a pI 4.95 was observed. Under nonreducing conditions two or three diffuse protein bands which showed lower enzymatic activity were found. It might be possible that the hyaluronate lyase exists in two different forms. PMID- 7269856 TI - [Sero- and biovars of Levinea malonatica (syn. Citrobacter diversus, Citrobacter koseri) in clinical material (author's transl)]. AB - The biochemical and serological examination of 31 strains of Levinea malonatica isolated from faeces, urine, sputum, wound infections and blood showed no correlation of bio- or serovars with the origin of the strains. Serological cross reactions between O-antigens of L. malonatica and certain Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia enterocolitica serovars were analysed. They are low-titred and seem to be of minor importance. Sensitivity testing revealed the resistance of L. malonatica against penicillin, ampicillin and carbenicillin. PMID- 7269857 TI - Experimental studies on enteropathogenicity and pathogenesis of group 'F' vibrio infections. AB - Group 'F' vibrios are a recently recognised group of bacteria that have been isolated from cases of diarrhoea and a variety of sources in the environment. They have been shown to cause accumulation of fluid in rabbit gut loops. The enterotoxic factor was found to be heat-labile as evidenced by heat treatment, time course of fluid accumulation and negative suckling mouse assay. It was associated with cytotoxic factor(s). These organisms were seen to be lacking in invasive capacity. Prostaglandins and 5-hydroxytryptamine were found to play no role in causation of fluid outpouring into the loops but chlorpromazine was found to inhibit the fluid outpouring completely thereby indicating that the enterotoxin may act through mediation of cyclic AMP. PMID- 7269858 TI - Studies on the effect of antibiotic substances on leptospires and their cultivation from material with a high bacterial count. AB - Leptospira species are difficult to isolate from sperm specimens because rapid growth of the contaminant flora will kill the pathogen. The resistance of 5 Leptospira strains to 5 different antibiotics was examined with a view to an inhibition of such contaminant growth. Neomycin (10, 20, 30 mg/l), vancomycin (5, 8, 10 mg/l), nalidixic acid (50, 75, 100 mg/l), streptomycin (5, 8, 10 mg/l) and chloramphenicol (5, 10, 20 mg/l) were added separately to Korthof's culture medium containing rabbit serum. The comparative growth rates of the leptospires were evaluated. Against the control medium, all 5 antibiotics were found to have an adverse influence on the multiplication phase. In conformity with literature data, vancomycin (10 mg/l) and nalidixic acid (50 mg/l) were found to have the lowest effect. In the cases of streptomycin and chloramphenicol, there was a high reduction of the leptospiral count and even a complete lack of multiplication. A combination of vancomycin (10 mg2l) and nalidixic acid (50 mg/l) was used for the recovery of leptospires from porcine sperm. To inhibit a growth of Ps. aeruginosa, 5000 U/l polymyxin B were added. The strongly inhibitory action of polymyxin B on leptospiral growth could be eliminated by subculturing in a medium free from inhibitory substances after 2 days. PMID- 7269859 TI - [Salmonella bruck: a new salmonella-serotype (6,7:z:l, w) (author's transl)]. AB - A new Salmonella serotype (S. 6,7:z:l,w) was isolated from a stool specimen of a 40 years old businessman after a several weeks journey in Nigeria with a two days stay in Lagos. The strain was finally confirmed as a new Salmonella serotype on January 1th, 1980, by Prof. Le Minor, International Salmonella Center, Paris. The strain was introduced as Salmonella bruck into the Kaufmann-White-Scheme, Supplement No. XXIII (1979). PMID- 7269860 TI - [Occupational medicine--its development in Germany (author's transl)]. PMID- 7269861 TI - [Symptoms and findings at the bronchopulmonary system of electric arc welders. II. Communication: pulmonary fibroses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7269862 TI - [Field study of workers with longterm exposure to calcium cyanamide (author's transl)]. AB - "Kalkstickstoff" (calcium cyanamide) is extensively used as a fertilizer and a herbicide and also as a chemical intermediate. Its main compounds are calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) (60%) and calcium oxide (15%). In earlier times cauterized damages of the skin and the mucous membranes caused by the content of calcium oxide were common. A certain effect of CaCN2 is the reaction of intolerance after alcohol intake, which expresses as a so-called burning, a flush with redness and feeling of heat of the head, the neck and the upper part of the body often combined with tachycardia and dyspnea. Further health impairments, sometimes with fatal end, were reported repeatedly in the older literature. Convincing evidences for the causal connections between the exposure to CaCN2 and these damages are missed. They exclusively concerned farmers but not workers in the production of CaCN2. Except of the damages of the skin also diseases of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, the kidneys, the nervous and circulatory system as well as favoring of infectious complications and goitrogenic effects are in discussion. Furthermore it was suggested that CaCN2 causes a lack of reduced glutathione in the organism. On the occasion of establishing a preliminary MAC value for CaCN2 in the F.R.G. an occupationally medical field study was performed on 65 workers of a calcium cyanamide factory with long-term exposure to CaCN2. The maximal CaCN2 concentration measured at the working places was 8.3 mg/m3. No signs of diseases or health impairments, which are possibly caused by CaCN2, were found with the medical examination in the above mentioned organs and organ systems. There also was no decrease of the glutathione content of the total blood detectable. With an alcohol load of 22 voluntary workers 1 till 7 hours after the working shift in 6 cases modest and in 7 cases weak flush reactions were observed. As result of the study an elevation of the MAC-value from 1 to at least 2.5 mg/m3 is proposed. PMID- 7269863 TI - [Study on the normal mercury concentrations of human organs (author's transl)]. AB - Organ samples of the right kidney the right and left lobe of liver, the cerebellum, and the left cerebrum (cortex and marrow separately) from 51 autopsies were analysed on their mercury content. A special high pressure digestion was used for the sample preparation. The quantitative determination of the mercury concentrations was performed by the so-called cold vapour technique. In the organs the following median mercury concentrations were found: a) left lobe of liver: 58 microgram/kg b) right lobe of liver: 54 microgram/kg c) right kidney: 96 microgram/kg d) cerebellum: less than 5 microgram/kg e) cerebrum cortex: less than 5 microgram/kg f) cerebrum marrow: less than 5 microgram/kg. All values were below the internationally discussed range. No sex differences were detectable in the median mercury concentrations of the analysed organs. The positive correlation between age and the mercury concentration in the cerebellum could reflect an accumulation over the life. But most likely the concentrations still stay considerably below the critical limits. The negative correlations between age and the mercury concentrations of the liver lobes as well as of the kidneys indicates a change in the distribution of mercury in the body with increasing age. PMID- 7269864 TI - [Symptoms and findings at the bronchopulmonary system of electric arc welders. I. Communication: epidemiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7269866 TI - [Effects of mother's age and parity status on body size of newborns (author's transl)]. AB - Body length of newborns was found to be influenced clearly by both parity and mother's age, as was borne out by an analysis of more than 21.000 births. Body lengths of newborns were found to increase along with rising order number of births and growing maternal age, yet, only up to a certain age limit beyond which newborn length tended to be stagnant or to decline, depending on parity status. An attempt is made to elucidate possible causes by correlating the author's own results with findings reported elsewhere in literature. PMID- 7269865 TI - [Thirty-year record of law on protection of mother and child, rights of women, and peripartal-perinatal health care (author's transl)]. AB - The above law had been passed and taken effect on September 27th, 1950. Its 30th anniversary is used as an occasion for expounding preparatory efforts for its full effectiveness as well as priorities and major trends in the contest of peripartal-perinatal healthcare. The goals laid down in the law have been successfully implemented, and both new targets and methods for further progress are expounded against that background. PMID- 7269867 TI - [The problem of low-weight newborns (author's transl)]. AB - The authors had on their own ward 5.242 deliveries, over the past five years. Relative underweight was recorded from 311 in 5.282 newborns. The case histories of mothers of the low-weight newborns were taken down by means of a questionnaire and statistically evaluated. The results then were compared with data obtained from a control group equal in number. The conclusion was drawn that birth of a low-weight child could be expected in situations in which conditions were adverse prior to and during pregnancy. The birth of a low-weight child could be predicted with mathematical accuracy, if unfavourable conditions accumulated. - Perinatal problems and mortality were analysed, with reference being made to diagnoses and therapeutic steps. - The point was also made that decline in the number of newborns with underweight will probably result from further enhancement of cultural and social living standards. At present, almost eleven per cent of all newborns in Hungary are delivered prematurely. PMID- 7269868 TI - [Pregnancy, delivery, and puerperium of elderly primigravidae (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper are pregnancy, delivery, puerperium, premature birth rate as well as perinatal and peripartal mortality in 353 somewhat aged primigravidae (32 years and more) in three groups counted by years. Reference is made to complications during pregnancy, delivery, and puerperium for all three groups of probands (K I between 1959 and 1961, K II between 1969 and 1971, K III between 1977 and 1979). High incidence of EPH gestosis (31.1 per cent), more frequent need for surgical delivery (28.1 per cent), and relatively high premature birth rate (10.5 per cent) were found to be the major problems with elderly primigravidae. PMID- 7269870 TI - [Morphological and stereological examinations of placenta of patient with unruptured tubal pregnancy at full term (author's transl)]. AB - Optimum conditions for foetal life were recorded from morphological and stereological findings obtained from a patient at full-term tubal pregnancy. Basiotrophic implantation, no reduction of chorion frondosum, large placental exchange surface, and extremely good capillarisation of chorionic villi proved to be the conditions for survival of the child. PMID- 7269869 TI - [Studies into carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and enzyme activities of alkaline and acid phosphatase in patients with fibrocystic breast disease (author's transl)]. AB - CEA as well as alkaline and acid phosphatase were measured in patients with fibrocystic breast disease. The values recorded from the punctured fluids were compared to those in peripheral blood. CEA concentrations in cyst fluid were elevated in patients with proliferative breast disease, whereas no correlations could be established between alkaline and acid phosphatase, on the one hand, and various histological forms of breast disease, on the other. PMID- 7269872 TI - [Effects of mechanical monitoring of patients in labour on fetal and maternal morbidity and on perinatal mortality (author's transl)]. AB - Potential benefits and hazards of mechanical monitoring were retrospectively studied in the context of 768 in 9,205 deliveries, between 1977 and 1979. Monitoring in all cases had been by cardiotocography. Perinatal mortality was found to decline in response to monitoring. All cases for monitoring should be carefully selected, and aseptic rules must be stringently observed. PMID- 7269871 TI - [Parametrial abscess and sepsis, following pudondus block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7269874 TI - [Extent of physical and psychic complaints of married couples with sterility (author's transl)]. AB - An account is given of conspicuous physical and psychic symptoms which were recorded from 65 married couples with undesired lack of children by means of a complaint questionnaire according to Hock and Hess. Complaints recorded were primarily associated with sensorial and vegetative phenomena as well as with fears and inhibitions. Symptom frequencies were dependent on and independent of causes of sterility, but more and comprehensive symptoms were recordable from both sexes when causes were unknown to the couples concerned. The psychosomatic nature of sterility and possible neurotising effects of childlessness are discussed, with reference being made to their relevance to treatment. PMID- 7269873 TI - [Hormonal contraceptives of differentiated composition -- effects on thrombocyte function (author's transl)]. AB - The number, proliferation, and aggregation of thrombocytes, platelet adhesiveness, and thromboblastographic values were investigated in the context of 52 women, who were on a compound hormonal contraceptive with threefold differentiated gestagen, and of ten women with a compound hormonal contraceptive of two-fold gestagen differentiation. Tests were conducted over six months. Significant deviations from normal values were recordable. No definite conclusions, however, can be drawn from such individual observations. Disorders in thrombocyte function and change in thromboblastographic values, when considered with all their implications, are likely to suggest the presence of effects from hormonal contraceptives. Yet, both type and concentrations of oestrogens and gestagens are of minor importance to such change. Nevertheless, somewhat higher risk of thrombo-embolism should be assumed, if other conductive factors are present, at the same time. PMID- 7269875 TI - [Ultrastructure of intra-ovarian granulosa cell tumour (author's transl)]. AB - The granulosa cell tumour is of epitheloid structure. Two characteristic cell types can be distinguished. One of them appears "brighter" in electron-optical investigation and may have originated from theca formations. These is a highly developed variety of organelles, including endoplasmatic reticulum, mitochondria, and ribosomes, which is just a strong in synthesis as steroidogenic cells. The existence of an intercellular drainage system may be presumed, in similarity to corpus luteum, to carry steroids from cell to blood capillary. Amitotic cell division has been noticed as a peculiarity of reduplication of tumour parenchyma. PMID- 7269876 TI - [Differences in right-left distribution of foetuses in uterus cornua and relevance of differentiated germ implantation in uterus? -experiments with laboratory mice (author's transl)]. AB - Corpora lutea were counted in laboratory mice, and the production of the right ovary was found to be slightly higher than that of the left. Rates of implantation, consequently, were higher in the right cornu of the uterus. No right-left difference between uterus cornua was observed regarding foetal weight and sex distribution. Any impact of implantation site on germ survival was not safely established. PMID- 7269877 TI - [Antenatal ethanol-fructose infusions for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 7269878 TI - [Treatment of postoperative pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. AB - Peculiarities of the postoperative phase of gynaecological and puerperal patients with increased risk of bleeding and thrombo-embolism are reported in this paper. Fulminant outbreak, under such circumstances, of pulmonary embolism calls for immediate decision and no-delay action on the basis of a thoroughly defined therapeutic concept. Acute fibrinolysis and thrombectomy together with complementary therapy are described as high-risk but effective possible therapy. PMID- 7269879 TI - [Studies into bacterial gynecological infections, with particular reference to anaerobic and micro-aerophile germs (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper are 50 pyogenic infections, with anaerobic germs being cultured in 40,7 per cent of the cases, as well as 105 examinations of patients with flour, with Haemophilus vaginalis having been isolated in 20 cases. Widespread occurrence of such pathogens and severity of infections caused by such bacteria call for close cooperation between clinical practitioners and microbiologists, as no safe diagnosis is practicable without involvement of the latter. Reference is made to possible therapies, using chloremphenicol and metronidazole. PMID- 7269880 TI - [Obstetric manipulations including amnioscopy, amniotomy, and vaginal examination and duration of labour -- impact on maternal susceptibility to infection (author's transl)]. AB - A detailed analysis was made of 139 deliveries, which had been systematically supervised, following amnioscopy and pelvimetry, in comparison to 104 deliveries, following spontaneous onset of labour and timely rupture of the amnion. Both variants were compared for the relative risk of infection to the mothers involved. --While infection morbidity was, surprisingly, unaffected by the interval between rupture and parturition, it was found to depend strongly on the duration of labour with the amniotic sac intact. --Morbidity, also, went up clearly along with the number of previous amnioscopies and of surgical deliveries, in particular caesarean section. --Discoloration of amniotic fluid, obviously, did not stimulate germ growth nor was any detrimental effect recordable from vaginal examination. --Early artificial rupture is considered good prophylaxies not only against infection but also against asphyxia. PMID- 7269881 TI - [Correlation between acidosis and consumptional coagulopathy in foetal blood (author's transl)]. AB - Comparative chemical tests, under laboratory conditions, of 20 newborns with normal pH and 20 children with acidotic pH values in blood obtained from the umbilical artery have shown that in newborns medium acidosis resulted frequently is disseminated intravascular coagulation, whereas advanced acidosis led to the same situation with regularity. The thrombocytes, coagulation factors II and V, of the authors' acidotic newborns were clearly exposed to consumption. Thrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and reptilase coagulation time were prolonged with significance. All coagulation parameters were found to correlate linearly with the postnatal pH values. Systematic efforts to detect disseminated intravascular coagulation should be made in all cases in which the postnatal umbilical artery pH of newborns in 7.09 and below. Determination of haematocrit, thrombocyte count, and fibrinogen degradation products may be sufficient as an immediate-action minimum programme in such cases. PMID- 7269882 TI - [Necrotic uterine myomatosis--a rare complication following vaginal termination of pregnancy by suction (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper is the case history of a patient with necrotised uterine myomatoma, a rare complication following vaginal termination of pregnancy. Course and therapy are described and the problem discussed. PMID- 7269883 TI - Neuro-vascular relationships im trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 7269884 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of spinal aneurysmal bone cysts]. PMID- 7269885 TI - Neurosurgical aspects of moyamoya disease. PMID- 7269887 TI - On the possibilities of balloon-catheterization of intracranial saccular aneurysms. An experimental model. PMID- 7269886 TI - Unusual formation of anterior communicating artery aneurysm. PMID- 7269888 TI - Complications of shunt operations performed in 206 children because of communicating hydrocephalus. PMID- 7269889 TI - Meningioma with traumatic etiology--case report. PMID- 7269890 TI - [Mortality in severe traumatic brain damage - can it be modified?]. PMID- 7269891 TI - Management of pituitary tumours with involvement of the visual pathways. PMID- 7269892 TI - Brain abscesses. Comments with reference to 810 cases. PMID- 7269893 TI - Primary spinal tumors in infancy and childhood. PMID- 7269894 TI - [Incidence of antibiotic resistance among bifidobacteria]. PMID- 7269895 TI - [H-erythrocyte diagnostics based on Salmonella phage-lysates]. PMID- 7269896 TI - [Immunologic response of horses to hemostimulation]. PMID- 7269897 TI - [Characteristics of a natural focus of tularemia in South-East Trans-Baikal]. PMID- 7269898 TI - [Physico-chemical and chemical methods of standardizing microbiological nutrient media]. PMID- 7269900 TI - [Features of the epidemic process and infectious disease control during the period of socialistic development. I. General principles for carrying out anti epidemic measures and characteristics of the epidemic process]. PMID- 7269899 TI - [Further improvements in schedules for immunizing children against diphtheria and tetanus]. AB - The study of the rational schedule of revaccinations made at different ages for the prevention of diphtheria and tetanus was carried out on 800 children belonging to the age groups of 6-9 years and 11-14 years. The content of diphtheria antitoxin was determined by Jensen's method, and the content of tetanus antitoxin in the passive hemagglutination test. In the first age group immunity to the above-mentioned infections was determined after the primary immunization, and in the second age group after the first revaccination made at an age indicated in the schedule. The high level of immunity to both diphtheria and tetanus was shown to preserve for 6-7 years. For this reason intervals between revaccinations scheduled for children achieving a definite age in accordance with the existing scheme of immunization against diphtheria and tetanus may be increased. the most rational time for such revaccinations is the age of 9 (instead of 6) years and 16 (instead of 11) years. PMID- 7269901 TI - [Effect of inducers of mixed-function microsomal oxidases on the immune response of mice induced by heterologous erythrocytes]. AB - In experiments on male white mice immunized with sheep red blood cells the influence of various substances, differing in their chemical composition and biological activity, on the antibody titers and the number of rosette-forming cells in the spleen has been studied. These substances, acting as inductors of microsomal oxidases with mixed function (cytochrome P-450 and P-448), are phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, DDT, diphenin, rifampicin, benzodiazepin derivatives (diazepam and phenazepam). All monoxygenase activity inductors have been shown to exert a more or less pronounced immunosuppressive effect. Thus, reciprocal relations between the induction of monoxygenases and the induction of immune response have been established. The results obtained in this research are discussed from the viewpoint of the new hypothesis stating that immunity is one of the functions of the general system metabolizing chemical compounds in the body. PMID- 7269902 TI - [Characteristics of Fc IgG receptors on the surface of formalinized sheep erythrocytes]. AB - The binding of IgG molecules with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was evaluated by a decrease in the serological activity of hyperimmune horse serum towards Pasteurella pestis capsular antigen. As in serological tests based on passive hemagglutination, low concentrations of red blood cells are commonly used, there was no danger of obtaining distorted results due to the nonspecific adsorption of IgG on the surface of SRBC. But for the objective evaluation of the results obtained in the determination of antibody affinity by the suspension method the use of an adequate control was necessary. Fab-fragments, in contrast to IgG, could not be extracted by red blood cells from the solution. The average number of Fc IgG receptors on the surface of one formalinized SRBC was about 60,000, and the affinity of these receptors somewhat varied, the average association constant being KO=10(6), (03) L/M. PMID- 7269903 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the dynamics of physico-chemically different serum O- and K-antibodies in typhoid and chronic typhoid carriers]. AB - The character of immune response to different S. typhi antigens in typhoid fever and chronic typhoid carriership was studied. The comparative evaluation of the functional activity of different classes of immunoglobulins was carried out by means of the indirect immunofluorescent method. 34 typhoid patients and 34 chronic carriers were examined. The speed of change-over from the production of IgM to that of IgG was found to be linked-with the nature of antigenic stimulation. In the dynamics of typhoid infection the changeover from the production of IgM to that of IgG specific to S. typhi O-antigen was observed. At a later period of typhoid fever the spectrum of O-antibodies was similar in their physico-chemical characteristics to that in chronic carriers. K-antibodies in chronic carriers were represented by highly active IgG. PMID- 7269904 TI - [Antigenic structure of Pseudomonas pseudomallei]. AB - The antigenic scheme has been proposed on the basis of the immunoelectrophoretic study of aqueous-saline extracts from acetone-dried microbial cells belonging to 29P. pseudomallei strains. The proposed scheme consists of 19 precipitinogens; of these, 13 have been shown to be common to all strains under study, the remaining precipitinogens being variable. All antigens are characterized by their charge and the degree of mobility in the electric field, their molecular weight, thermal resistance and chemical nature. In future this scheme is likely to be used for reference in the study and isolation of different antigenic structures of the infective agent of melioidosis. PMID- 7269905 TI - [Conditionally pathogenic microflora of the Enterobacteriaceae family of healthy young children and children with acute intestinal infections of unknown etiology]. AB - The study of quantitative and species composition of intestinal microflora in infants with acute intestinal infection of unknown etiology and in normal infants maintained on mixed feeding has revealed that most often bacteria belonging to the genus Proteus are found. The main difference between these groups consists in the presence of bacteria belonging to the genus Klebsiella, as well as other opportunistic intestinal bacteria, in greater amounts in sick infants than in healthy ones; at the time sick infants show a decrease in bifido- and lactobacteria. PMID- 7269906 TI - [Bacteriocinogeny among Salmonella]. PMID- 7269907 TI - [Morphologic and cultural changes in bacteria exposed to chromium salts]. PMID- 7269908 TI - [Defining the subject of epidemiology]. PMID- 7269909 TI - [Autosensitizing action of chemically sorbed typhoid monovaccine and sextatoxoid used alone and in combination]. PMID- 7269910 TI - [Endogenous stimulators of immunogenesis]. PMID- 7269911 TI - [Effect of BCG vaccine on acute and chronic experimental listeria infection]. PMID- 7269912 TI - [Leukocytolysis reaction and the neutrophil damage test as methods of demonstrating allergy to Francisella tularensis]. PMID- 7269913 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on certain species of microflora]. PMID- 7269914 TI - [Features of the epidemic process and infectious disease control during the period of socialistic development. II. Current tasks of Soviet epidemiology in its present stage]. PMID- 7269915 TI - [Comparative analysis of systems of medico-veterinary surveillance of rabies in nations belonging to COMECON]. PMID- 7269916 TI - [Errors in the bacteriologic diagnosis of dysentery and ways of eliminating them]. AB - The study of 1023 strains, formerly identified as Shigella, has revealed that 67 of these strains belong to Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium. Such errors are due to the insufficient use of biochemical tests in the process of identification. To improve Shigella identification, after the evaluation of changes in Olkenitsky's medium of trisaccharide agar the tests for urease activity, citrate and acetate assimilation, lysine decarboxylase, mobility at 22 degrees C, sensitivity to Shigella bacteriophage, oxidase are recommended. PMID- 7269917 TI - [Prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis. I. Evaluation of the effectiveness of donor selection by the test for HBsAg]. AB - Two prospective controlled investigations were carried out with the use of the same procedure: in 1968-1970, when blood was not tested for HBsAg, and in 1974 1975, when only HBsAg-negative blood was used for transfusion: the presence of the antigen in the blood was determined by counter immunoelectrophoresis. The total number of hospitalized patients under observation was 37.530; of these, 13.719 patients received blood transfusion (the test group) and 23.811 patients had no blood transfusion (the control group). Posttransfusion hepatitis morbidity was determined by the difference of the morbidity rates in the test and control groups. The results thus obtained indicate that the use of HBsAg test for selection of donors in order to prevent posttransfusion hepatitis is ineffective. For this purpose epidemiologic control should be used, allowing detection of the source of infection among donors in any etiological nosoform of posttransfusion hepatitis. PMID- 7269918 TI - [Structural features of the elementary bodies of bacterial L-forms]. AB - Elementary bodies have been detected in the L-forms of various bacteria, irrespective of their strain, the phase of development and stabilization of their culture. Elementary bodies have been found to have all organoids peculiar to other L-culture cells (the unit membrane, the nucleoid, ribosomes, more seldom mesosome-like structures and the outer membrane of the cell wall), which is indirectly indicative of their possible viability. The cytoplasmic membrane of elementary bodies contains dehydrogenases (detected in the NBT test), has the hydrophobic layer structure typical of bacterial membranes and, judging by the results of the ferritin test, possesses the same antigenic properties as the cytoplasmic membrane of other L-culture cells. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned properties are far from being the attribute of every elementary body, and the completeness of their manifestation is not directly related with the size of elementary bodies. PMID- 7269919 TI - [Scientific and organizational prerequisites for adoption of an expanded immunization program by the World Health Organization]. PMID- 7269920 TI - [Natural cell sensitivity to lactobacilli of intact animals]. PMID- 7269921 TI - [Spread of Yersinia among patients with acute intestinal infections]. AB - During 1979 a large-scale study of fecal samples obtained from patients with acute intestinal infections was carried out with the aim of establishing the presence of Yersinia. As a result, 9 Y. enterocolitica strains and 7 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains were isolated. Y. enterocolitica were classified with serovars O8, O3, and O5B and with biovars 2, 3, and 4; Y. pseudotuberculosis were classified with serovars 1 and 3. The isolation of Yersinia facilitated the identification of the etiological structure of acute intestinal infections. PMID- 7269922 TI - [Species makeup of coagulase-negative staphylococci of clinical origin]. AB - The classification of Kloos--Schleifer was used for the identification of 175 clinical strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The species of staphylococci in 50.3% of the cultures were determined; as a result, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus were not found to be in the majority among them. The authors concluded that the above-mentioned scheme, as well as its short variant proposed by the International Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Staphylococci and Micrococci could not be recommended for practical use. PMID- 7269923 TI - [Nitroblue tetrazolium reductase test characterization of the functional activity of the neutrophils of patients with meningococcal infections]. PMID- 7269924 TI - [Experimental study of the protective activity of a complex staphylococcal antigen and toxoid when administered in combination]. AB - The data obtained in the experimental study of the protective activity of an antigenic staphylococcal complex prepared by the method of aqueous extraction and staphylococcal toxoid (native and adsorbed) are presented. The study carried out on the model of septic staphylococcal infection in rabbits indicated that after immunization with the mixture of the above-mentioned preparations the survival time of the rabbits increased to a greater extent than after immunization with each of these preparations separately. This regularity was especially pronounced under the aggravated conditions of infection with the mixture of strains. PMID- 7269925 TI - [Relation between relative hemosensitive activity and molecular patterns of lipopolysaccharides]. PMID- 7269926 TI - [Immunochemical heterogeneity of Vibrio cholerae Eltor lipopolysaccharides and methods of fractionating them]. PMID- 7269927 TI - [Determination of complete and incomplete IgG-antibodies in patients with acute brucellosis]. PMID- 7269928 TI - [Nerve tissue ultrastructure in experimental brain injuries in animals with increased immunobiologic reactivity following treatment with certain desensitizing drugs]. AB - The effects of aminazin and aspirin on brain injuries in animals with immunological hypersensitivity of the body were studied. It was shown that the ultrastructural changes of the nervous tissue and the edema in the perifocal zone of the injury at early periods after ist inflicting were less marked in those animals than in sensitized animals which received no preliminary drug treatment. The capacity of aminazin and aspirin to inhibit the activity of oxidative enzymes, probably, creates conditions in which the development of the dystrophic changes is delayed. This is important for further development and course of the pathological process. Examinations of the aspirin effect under the conditions of the experiment revealed its inhibitory role in the formation of the antigen antibody complex in the zone of the injury. Taking into account possible sensitization of the body even in clinically healthy persons one can hope that the use of desensitizing drugs may contribute to diminution of brain edema and the morphological changes resulting from surgical interventions in some diseases of the nervous system. PMID- 7269929 TI - [Rapid diagnosis of brain compression in patients with cranio-cerebral injuries]. PMID- 7269930 TI - [Clinico-anatomic variants of the course of cerebral hemisphere contusions]. AB - An analysis of 237 cases of brain hemisphere contusions verified at operation or on autopsy has made if possible to distinguish between three variants of the traumatic disease which corresponded to the three pathoanatomical forms of the contusion. Convexital contusions (pathoanatomically-chiefly cortical or cortico subcortical) ran the most favourable course and were characterized by distinct focal symptoms prevailing over slight, in most cases, general cerebral disturbances. Polarobasal contusions (anatomically - extensive or massive, i.e. penetrating down to subcortical ganglia or the lateral ventricles) ran a grave course and were characterized by progressing focal hemispheric symptoms in the presence of undulating development of general cerebral disturbances. Diffuse contusions of the brain hemispheres (anatomically small foci of destruction and hemorrhages in the cortex and the paraventricular divisions of the white matter) were characterized by prevalence of marked general cerebral disturbances over slight scattered focal symptoms. PMID- 7269931 TI - [Effect of alcohol on interhemispheric functional relations in patients with late sequelae of cranio-cerebral injuries]. AB - Using the backward masking method the time of perception of visual stimuli in the right and the left field of vision was examined. It was found that in patients with craniocerebral injury sequelae, as well as in healthy subjects the time of perception of literal stimuli was shorter in the left field of vision, i.e. the information entering the right hemisphere was processed more rapidly. Under the action of alcohol the asymmetry of the perception time disappeared in the patients, and became inverse in the healthy subjects, i.e. the time of perceiving letters in the left field of vision got longer than in the right field. Under the action the right hemisphere seemed to lose its advantage in the speed of the stimuli perception. It is supposed that the right hemisphere is more sensitive to alcohol. PMID- 7269932 TI - [Changes in the time required for a simple manual motor response in patients with cranio-cerebral injuries]. AB - In 50 patients with craniocerebral injuries and 50 healthy subjects the duration of motor response of the right and the left hand to light stimulation was examined. It was found that the duration of this response depended on the injury gravity, the localization of the contusion focus in the brain, and the time that had passed since the injury infliction. The method described contributes to specifying the diagnosis of brain concussions and contusions; to determining the affected side of the brain, and to finding out whether the brain activity gets better or worse. In other words, the method offered is of a prognostic importance, and can be used in clinical nervous system function in craniocerebral injuries. PMID- 7269933 TI - [Organization of the treatment of children with cranio-cerebral injuries]. AB - The character of craniocerebral injuries in 2743 children admitted to a children's traumatological division within 1976 to 1979 is analyzed. Clinical data characterizing craniocerebral injuries of various gravity are presented, and principles of individualized treatment of the patients are described. A great diagnostic value of special examination methods, such as cerebrospinal fluid examination, electroencephalography, rheoencephalography, and electromyography is demonstrated. The multiform neuropsychic changes revealed in most of 192 children on subsequent clinico-psychological examinations stress the urgent necessity of purposeful rehabilitation measures. PMID- 7269934 TI - [Bioelectrical activity of the brain, cerebral circulation, and heart rate regulation in the early period of isolated cranio-cerebral injuries]. AB - Combined clinico-physiological examination (electroencephalographic, rheoencephalographic and cardiointervalographic) of 48 victims with early-stage isolated craniocerebral injuries were carried out. From the results of the examination it was concluded that the most marked changes of the brain bioelectric activity in that period were associated with the diminution of the cerebral circulation. The higher frequencies of the EEG oscillations were found to be due to an increase of the sympathoadrenal system activity. The decrease of the sympathoadrenal activity and the diminution of the cerebral circulation intensity observed on the second-fourth day after the injury can be explained as being due to an increase of the permeability of the cerebral vessels and development of brain tissue edema. PMID- 7269935 TI - [Role of echoencephalography in diagnosing compensation and decompensation of the late sequelae of closed cranio-cerebral injuries]. PMID- 7269936 TI - [Differential diagnosis of several allergic and neurologic diseases]. AB - An analysis of the disease clinical picture in 205 patients has shown that there are neurological diseases imitating allergy. These are: hypothalamo-diencephalic syndrome, asthenic neurosis, sympathetic truncitis, epilepsy, and cerebrovascular insufficiency in the vertebrobasilar basin. It is primarily the clinical symptoms which are criteria for differential diagnosis. In diagnosing the bronchospastic syndrome use can be also made of changes in catecholamine metabolism and the lymphocyte blast transformation test. PMID- 7269937 TI - [Hereditary areflexic dysstasia (Roussy-Levy syndrome)]. AB - Clinical and electroneurographic investigations of 22 cases of hereditary areflectory dysstasia (Roussy-Levy's syndrome). 20 cases of Charcot-Marie's neural amyotrophy and 8 cases of Friedreich's familial ataxia were carried out. In the patients with Roussy-Levy's syndrome, the speed of the impulse conduction along the peripheral nerves of the extremities, as well as the amplitudes of evoked potentials were lowered to the greatest extent: this was an evidence of nosological independence of the disease. PMID- 7269938 TI - [Clinical features of the initial manifestations of slowly-progressing schizophrenia]. AB - On examining 200 patients with slowly progressing schizophrenia it was found that the initial psychopathological disturbances appeared in most cases (in 122 patients) at an age under 20 years, while the distinct progress of the disease was noted much later, in the third or the fourth decade of the life. In 31.5% of the observations, the initial disorders were autochthonous, while in 68.5% they were provoked mainly by psychogenic and environmental factors. A comparison of the autochthonous and provoked initial disturbances showed that both types were presented by affective and obsessive-phobic disorders which could be detected long before the appearance of the clinical manifestation of the process. Clinical aspects of the initial disorders, their time course and interconnections with the symptoms of the subsequent, more advanced stages of the disease are analyzed. The author concludes that the disorders discussed belong to the latent stage of slowly progressing schizophrenia. PMID- 7269939 TI - [Clinical picture of the late stages of sluggishly-progressing schizophrenia in advanced age]. AB - Under examination there were 190 patients over 60 years of the age suffering from sluggishly progressing schizophrenia and observed at dispensaries for the long time. The course of the psychopathological disorders characteristic of that disease was followed in them for many decades. At the late age a tendency to a regression of most productive symptoms, a certain enlivening of the emotional volitional sphere, and exaggeration of the signs of the personality structure deformity was revealed. Two types of the negative disorders are specified: one with prevalence of intellectual-volitional impairments (prognostically less favourable), and the other with prevalence of affective changes (prognostically more favourable). Comparative results of studying the time course of the personality's post-process changes in 158 ambulatory patients of the same age are also presented. PMID- 7269941 TI - [Prevention of rehospitalization of schizophrenic patients with a protracted course at the stage of industrial rehabilitation]. AB - Two-year-long examination of 183 schizophrenic patients with a lingering course of the disease receiving active rehabilitation in individualized conditions of an ordinary industry (the basic group) were carried out. The examinations have shown that prophylaxis of re-hospitalizations is effective, if the organizational structure of the industrial rehabilitation is well designed. The principal role in the re-hospitalization prophylaxis belongs to the schemes of observation and rehabilitation based on correct evaluation of the variants of remissions, polyexogenia and periods of the patients' adaptation to the environment. The forms and methods of the re-hospitalization prophylaxis offered have made it possible to reduce tow times the number of re-hospitalized patients, as compared with 110 patients of the control group. PMID- 7269940 TI - [Variants of the stabilization process in the late stages of malignant schizophrenia]. AB - Of 800 patients suffering from malignant schizophrenia for 20 years and longer a group of 94 patients showing signs of the process stabilization was selected. In a part of them (76 patients), residual positive disturbances (isolated, gradually subsiding hallucinatory manifestations not accompanied with any delusional interpretations) were noted. In the rest 18 patients, the clinical picture was characterized by personality changes according to the type of a monotonous activity or apathetic debility. Prolonged absence of positive disturbances and exacerbations in these patients suggests that the morbid process in them got stabilized (residual state). This type of the schizophrenia outcome is not an indispensable stage of the psychosis termination, and is observed rather infrequently-according to the author's data, in 2% of cases only. PMID- 7269942 TI - [Schizophrenia among urban and rural patients. Comparative clinico-demographic characteristics (according to the results of an epidemiologic study)]. AB - Results of a comparative clinico-epidemiological study carried out on a representative group of schizophrenic patients living in towns and rural districts of the Vinnitsa Region (the Ukraine) are presented. The comparison of the urban and rural patients made with regard to many clinical and demographic characteristics showed that the groups being analyzed did not differ substantially in the age at the disease onset, and were analogous in the distribution of the disease onset age as regards the patients' sex and the disease pattern *earlier onset of the disease in males, prevalence of the early onset of the sluggish and malignant forms). In the patient populations being examined certain differences in the prevalence of some particular forms of the disease were revealed. This can be explained by some peculiarities of the population's tolerance and the level of the work of the psychiatric services in town and country. PMID- 7269943 TI - [Analysis of reproduction by schizophrenics and chronic alcoholics]. AB - With the aid of a specially elaborated chart certain indices of fertility and sexual behaviour were determined in 1113 females with schizophrenia and in 275 patients with chronic alcoholism of fertile age. A correlation of these indices with similar indices in normal females demonstrated that the level of reproductivity in schizophrenic females is lower than in normals and in chronic alcoholic females. The feasibility of applying measures of hygiene in marital and sexual relations of patients with schizophrenia and chronic alcoholism is discussed. PMID- 7269944 TI - [A page from the history of the 1st Conference of the Russian Union of Psychiatrists and Neuropathologists]. PMID- 7269945 TI - [More on the effects of alcohol on male sex glands]. PMID- 7269946 TI - [Dyscirculatory encephalomyelopathy and the role of spinal osteochondrosis in its etiology]. AB - Clinical observations of 36 patients with chronic combined insufficiency of the cerebral and spinal circulation are presented. For denoting this clinical form the name "dyscirculatory encephalomyelopathy" is suggested. In the disease picture two leading syndromes, i.e. the cerebral and the spinal ones, are noted. Depending on the clinical manifestations at the disease onset three groups of patients are distinguished: in the first group the disease started from the general cerebral, in the second group from the spinal, and in the third group from both syndromes. As the disease progressed, these differences got levelled, and both syndromes became manifest. The principal cause of the dyscirculatory encephalomyelopathy consisted in general systemic vascular diseases, primarily, atherosclerosis. Vertebral osteochondritis is regarded as an additional etiological factor aggravating the dyscirculatory disturbances. A theoretical substantiation of the differentiation of the dyscirculatory encephalomyelopathy as a specific disease entity is suggested. PMID- 7269947 TI - [Early detection of hypesthesia in discogenic lumbosacral radiculitis]. PMID- 7269948 TI - [Clinical classification of compressive forms of osteochondrosis of the lumbar region of the spine]. PMID- 7269949 TI - [Postclimacteric spondylopathy]. AB - Results of a dynamic roentgenological (100 patients aged 33 to 89 years), and roentgeno-pathomorphological examination of the osteoarticular apparatus in persons suffering from post-climacteric spondylopathy are presented. A comparison of those results with the clinical and laboratory findings, as well as with similar changes occurring in a number of other diseases showed that it was osteoporosis that underlay the pathological process. The osteoporosis was prevalent in the vertebral column, and led to a vertebrodiscal dissociation that caused a pathological reconstitution of the vertebral bodies. Depending on the degree of the osteoporosis and the vertebrodiscal dissociation, and with consideration of the clinical findings initial manifestations of three stages of the disease have been specified. The use of sex hormones, drugs of the type of retabolil and nerobol that diminish the anabolic insufficiency, as well as of vitamin D, rational diets, insolation, a relief of the vertebral column with the aid of a corset; therapeutic exercises and massage make it possible to arrest the pathological process. PMID- 7269950 TI - [Clinico-electromyographic studies in compression and reflex syndromes of spinal osteochondrosis]. AB - The authors carried out electromyographic (EMG) examinations of 115 patients with the compression and reflectory syndromes of vertebral osteochondritis using superficial and needle electrodes. The use of muscular innervation schemes developed by Soviet authors has made it possible to reveal a monoradicular pathology in 32 out of 54 patients examined. It was also found that the electromyographic phenomena characteristic for the pathology of the 1st sacral radicle were more marked than those characterizing the pathology of the Vth lumbar radicle. In patients with cervical osteochondrosis, prevalent were reflectory syndromes to which diffuse EMG changes corresponded. The EMG examinations with the use of needle electrodes revealed a low-amplitude spontaneous activity, a slight deceleration of the rhythm, and a lowered amplitude of the oscillations in the affected muscle. However especially demonstrative was a prolongation of the potential of the motor units on the side of the affection. The clinical, electromyographic, and roentgenological findings taken together contribute to a more precise diagnosing of the compression and reflectory syndromes of vertebral osteochondritis. PMID- 7269951 TI - [Neurologic pathology in butterfly deformities of the body of the mid-thoracic vertebra (clinico-x-ray-anatomic observation)]. AB - Results of the clinico-roentgenological observation of butterfly-like deformity of the middle dorsal vertebra body (a rare congenital anomaly) are presented. In the presence of an infection the patient developed a spinal pathology (lower central paraparesis, parahypesthesia, disturbances of the functions of pelvic organs). The neurological symptoms were found to be due to an adhesive process in the spinal meninges at the level of the deformed vertebra and the secondary compression-ischemic myelopathy. The treatment consisted in injecting prednisolone under the spinal meninges. The patient's roentgenograms were compared with a macerated museum preparation of dorsal vertebrae. PMID- 7269952 TI - [Primary polyradiculoneuritis (course, outcome, work capacity of the patients)]. AB - Clinical manifestations and outcomes of primary polyradiculoneuritis were examined in 82 patients, in 60 of whom these examinations were conducted for up to 5 years. The acute period was characterized by motor, sensor, and vegetative trophic disturbances with prevalent involvement of the distal (rather than proximal) parts of the extremities according to the peripheral type. The immediate and late outcomes depended on the gravity of the disease course: on dismissal from hospitals recovery was registered in 47% of the patients, while the rest still showed various manifestations of the disease. These manifestations impaired substantially the patients' working capacity: because of them 38% of the patients were invalidated. Three years later 32%, and 5 years later 17% of these patients still remained invalids. PMID- 7269953 TI - [Urinary excretion of vanilmandelic acid in the glossalgia syndrome]. AB - Under observation there were 78 patients aged 41 to 70 years suffering from the glossalgia syndrome, as well as 25 clinically healthy subjects. An activation of the sympathoadrenal system was revealed in the patients. This was ascertained on the basis of the data on vanillylmandelic acid excretion with the urine. The excretion of that acid is known to be dependent on the intensity of the paraesthesias, the duration of the ailment and the character of concurrent visceral diseases. The results obtained are regarded as evidences of the participation of the vegetative nervous system in the mechanism of the glossalgia syndrome development. PMID- 7269954 TI - [Restoration of discriminative sensitivity after suturing the median and ulnar nerves in the forearm]. AB - An examination of 28 persons in whom the median and the ulnar nerves were sutured 10 and more years ago has shown that the degree of the discriminative sensitivity restoration varies in them within a broad range even reaching normal values in persons operated on in childhood. The discriminative sensitivity restored even if the nerve was sutured many years after the injury. The examinations of the discriminative sensitivity are useful in evaluating the efficacy of the operations of nerve suturing. PMID- 7269955 TI - [Treatment of facial neuritis in children]. PMID- 7269957 TI - [Application of the characteristic interval method to differential diagnosis between the depressive phase of manic-depressive psychosis and reactive depression]. AB - Using V. S. Genes' method of characteristic intervals 112 gradations of 36 different factors were analyzed in women under 40 years of the age with diagnoses of the depressive phase of manic-depressive psychosis (50 patients) and reactive depression (38 patients). The authors discovered 11 differential-diagnostic features relatively specific for the depressive phase of manic-depressive psychosis, and 13 features specific for reactive depression. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of these features a system for diagnostic differentiation between these conditions has been developed. This system makes it possible to diagnose correctly the depressive phase of manic-depressive psychosis in 78% of cases. In 20% of the cases the diagnostic solution remains uncertain, and in 2% erroneous. PMID- 7269956 TI - [Acute meningoencephalitis in children caused by herpes simplex virus type I]. AB - In 14 observations of acute meningoencephalitis in children mainly under 3 years of the age, data pointing to an etiological role of herpes simplex type I virus, were obtained on laboratory examination. Six children died, and in the rest 8 children who survived gross residua were observed. The morphological picture showed extensive colliquation necroses in the parietal, temporal, and less frequently, in occipital lobes and the Varolian pons. In 4 cases out of 6 intranuclear inclusions were detected. The incidence of herpetic encephalitis was 16%. PMID- 7269958 TI - [Differential diagnosis of late endogenous affective psychoses]. AB - On the basis of examining 102 patients with late endogenous affective psychoses, it has been shown that among them (like among younger patients) there exists a group of cases the nosological differentiation of which based on conventional criteria presents certain difficulties. However, in the older patients these "intermediate" cases are more frequent (about 30% of all cases) than in the younger ones. It has been also shown that at the older age the nosologically more typical paroxysmal and/or phasic endogenous psychoses are void of a number of clinico-nosological properties characteristic of analogous diseases of the younger age. PMID- 7269959 TI - [Reactive depression in patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia]. AB - Under observation there were 71 patients with reactive states developed in the presence of slowly progressing schizophrenia. Three types of the reactive depressions were distinguished: simple depressions following the line of psychogenically provoked endogenous phases; hysteric-type depressions, and reactive depressions with a polymorphous picture approaching schizophrenic reactions and being, in essence, psychogenically provoked schizophrenic episodes. It is shown that the level of the reactive lability and the time course of the reactive depressions is determined to a great measure by the degree of stabilization (or activity) of the endogenous process. In the period of stabilization (latent forms of schizophrenia, long-time remissions after an episode) the reactive states may be induced by a severe psychic trauma, and the time course of the depression, if the endogenous disturbances are added, remains within the limits of the phase. In the period of activation of the endogenous process the psychogenic depressions develop after relatively slight psychic traumas. In such cases, if the endogenous schizophrenic process is continuous, the reactive states become protracted and approach in their mechanisms to reactive development. In cases of "schubweise" schizophrenia the time course of the psychogenic reactions is confined to the limits of the episode. PMID- 7269960 TI - [Formulating the question of "primary plot" in the paranoidal delusional syndrome and "delusional behavior"]. AB - The paper is concerned with studies of a delusional "primary plot". During the process of a systematization of the "primary plot" and a formation of the paranoial syndrome, the total information is formed according to the "predetermined" programme, kept in the "code" of the "primary plot" and is read of it in the logical prerequisite and motivation of all delusional constructions. The hypotheses of "delusional behaviour", as a behavioural actualization of delusions and implementing tendencies of a "struggle for the idea" are discussed. It is formed in connection with the actuality of delusional experiences, is subjected to regularities of psychopathological symptomatology and should be studied as joint symptoms. Certain forms of "delusional behaviour" in delusional paranoial delusions of jealousy, hypochondria, inventive- and litigious querulousness are described on the basis of a study of 401 patients. PMID- 7269962 TI - [Computation disorders in the clinical picture of focal brain lesions]. AB - Disturbances of calculation were studied in 76 patients with arterio-venous aneurysms, located in the left and right hemisphere. An analysis of errors made by the patients in the process of calculation makes it possible to assume that in the organization of calculation functions, both hemispheres are involved, but the different stages of it have different morphological and functional bases. It was demonstrated that the right hemisphere provides the proceeding of the most automatized links during calculation. PMID- 7269961 TI - [Experience with using atropine in comatose and non-comatose doses in psychiatric clinical practice]. AB - Treatment with atropine in comatose doses was given to 11 patients suffering from schizophrenia with obsessive disturbances. A favourable effect was noted when there were no hypochondriacal symptoms in the disease clinical picture. Twenty two patients with neurotic states received atropine in non-comatose doses. Positive results were noted in patients with obsessions in the disease clinical picture, as well as in patients with reactive depressions. In patients with hypochondriacal disturbances, this form of the therapy appeared to be of no effect. PMID- 7269963 TI - [Biological rhythms in psychopathology (biological patterns in psychiatry)]. AB - On the basis of a clinical follow-up study of regularities of 486 cycles (phases and intervals) in the course of a disease in 80 endogenous and exogenous nosological patients the author established the principal resemblance in the rhythm of cycles and the coincidence of the curves in the regularity of attacks with a sharp displacement of the peaks of regularities in IV-VI and IX-X months (for epilepsy in VIII and XII months). The author tries to explain the latter fact by the influences of geophysical factors on synchronization, in periods of vernal and autumnal equinox, of the processes of metabolism and the reactivity of separate neuronal structures and endocrine structures. PMID- 7269964 TI - [Approaches to determining the true number of alcoholics in the catchment area of a drug clinic]. PMID- 7269965 TI - [Hypnosuggestive therapy (with regard to the article by I.M. Apter, Iu.N. Baranov, and N.N. Naritsyna)]. PMID- 7269966 TI - [Rehabilitation in narcology (formulating the problem)]. PMID- 7269967 TI - Purification and some properties of human heart arginase. AB - Arginase from extracts of human heart was purified about 1500-fold. In polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis the enzyme migrated to the cathode at pH 5.5, showing very low mobility at pH 8.9. Molecular weight determined by gel filtration was 120 000. The Km for L-arginine was 5 mM. L-Ornithine and L-lysine were competitive inhibitors. The enzyme was completely inactivated by treatment with EDTA, and dissociated into subunits with mol.wt. of about 30 000. Addition of Mn2+ ions to the inactive subunits resulted in reappearance of the enzyme activity; the molecular weight of the reactivated enzyme corresponded to that of the native form. PMID- 7269968 TI - Subcellular localization of arginase in rat liver. AB - Rat liver arginase is a cytoplasmic enzyme but it is bound to the surface of cellular structures separated in isotonic sucrose medium depleted of ions; this association is prevented by KCl. The purified preparations of undamaged nuclei contain practically no arginase activity. PMID- 7269969 TI - The structure of chromatin synthesized in the presence of cycloheximide in Physarum polycephalum. AB - The effect of cycloheximide on protein and DNA synthesis and on the structure of chromatin was studied. Changes in the rate and extent of DNA synthesis in response to cycloheximide were highly variable in contrast to the extremely rapid and reproducible inhibition of protein synthesis. No differences in the rate of the release of acid-soluble products by nucleases and in the nature of the nucleoprotein particles were found in chromatin from plasmodia treated and non treated with cycloheximide. It is concluded that, in Physarum polycephalum, unlike in higher animals, chromatin from the antibiotic-treated plasmodia is structurally indiscernible by the methods applied from normal chromatin. PMID- 7269970 TI - AMP deaminase from the rat heart injured by high doses of vitamin D. AB - Adenylate deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) has been isolated from the hearts of healthy rats and from the rats with cardionecrosis induced by administration of vitamin D in high doses. Crude extract from the necrotic hearts catalysed adenylate deamination with a higher maximum velocity and a higher apparent Km value than the extract from healthy hearts. The enzyme from healthy animals was activated by ATP (Km-type of activation); the maximum velocity of the ATP-activated enzyme could be increased in about 50% by preincubation with phosphatidylcholine containing liposomes. Liposomes had no effect on the enzyme isolated from the hearts of vitamin D-intoxicated animals, whereas other kinetic and regulatory properties were similar to those of the enzyme from healthy hearts. Kinetic and regulatory parameters of adenylate deamination in the hearts of rats which survived cardionecrosis returned to normal values 6 weeks after vitamin D intoxication. PMID- 7269971 TI - Purification and regulatory properties of pig kidney AMP deaminase. AB - AMP deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) from pig kidney was purified about 1200-fold by chromatography on cellulose phosphate. The enzyme showed a sigmoid-shaped substrate saturation curve which was converted to hyperbolic by addition of ATP. The ATP-activated enzyme was sensitive to phosphatidylcholine-containing liposomes which caused a further increase of activity by lowering the S0.5 value and increasing V max. In the absence of ATP, the enzyme was not sensitive to phosphatidylcholine-containing liposomes. Phosphatidate-containing liposomes exerted an inhibitory effect both in the presence and absence of ATP. In the presence of ATP phosphatidate was a non-competitive inhibitor. Orthophosphate was found to be a competitive inhibitor of AMP deaminase from pig kidney. When the phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidic acid ratio in liposomes was 2.7, AMP deaminase was activated, whereas when this ratio dropped below 2.1, liposomes exerted a non competitive inhibitory effect. PMID- 7269972 TI - Metabolism of glutamine in rat kidney mitochondria in the presence of aminooxyacetate. AB - 1. Aminooxyacetate has no effect on respiration of rat kidney cortex mitochondria in the presence of glutamine but it inhibits respiration in the presence of glutamate to the values of endogenous respiration. 2. Rat kidney mitochondria in state 3 produce aspartate from glutamine in the amount corresponding to almost 50% of the glutamate formed intramitochondrially. 3. Aminooxyacetate affects neither formation of ammonia nor of aspartate from glutamine but it inhibits aspartate synthesis in the mitochondria treated with Triton X-100. PMID- 7269973 TI - Properties of low-molecular-weight acid phosphatases isolated from cytosol and chromatin of rat liver. AB - 1. Acid phosphatases (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolases, acid optimum, EC 3.1.3.2) of low molecular weight were isolated from cytosol and chromatin of rat liver cells. The cytosolic enzyme was homogeneous on SDS-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3 (mol. wt. 16 000+/-3000). Both enzymes showed similar electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight but they differed in substrate specificity, response to inhibitors and susceptibility to SH-protecting reagents. PMID- 7269974 TI - Valyl-tRNA and leucyl-tRNA synthetases in wheat germ and seedlings. AB - Valyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases (Val-RS and Leu-RS) isolated from wheat germ and seedlings were separated by chromatography on hydroxylapatite into organellar (Val-RS I and Leu-RS I) and cytoplasmic (Val-RS II and Leu-RS II) enzymes; the enzyme extracted from isolated chloroplasts and mitochondria corresponded to the RS I fractions. It was proved by RPC-5 chromatography of tRNA Val that Val-RS I and Val-RS II recognized all five isoacceptor tRNA Val species both from wheat germ and leaves, as well as tRNA Val from E. coli. However, out of the six isoacceptor tRNA Leu species, Leu-RS II aminoacylated two cytoplasmic species only, while Leu-RS I, the remaining four organellar tRNA Leu fractions. Both leucyl-tRNA synthetases charged E. coli tRNA, Leu-RS I more effectively than Leu RS II. The absence of fraction RS I in cytosol seems to indicate that valyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases (coded for by the nuclear genome) were modified to the organellar forms after (or during) passage into organelles. PMID- 7269975 TI - The plant aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. 2'-DeoxyATP and ATP in reactions catalysed by yellow lupin aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. AB - 2'-Deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) is not a substrate for valyl-tRNA, leucyl tRNA and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases from yellow lupin seeds. Yellow lupin seryl tRNA, phenylalanyl-tRNA, tyrosyl-tRNA, arginyl-tRNA, lysyl-tRNA and methionyl tRNA synthetases use dATP as a substrate both in aminoacyl deoxyadenylate formation and tRNA aminoacylation reactions. Generally, dATP is a poorer substrate, being 3 - 50% as effective as ATP. None of the other nucleoside triphosphates tested was shown to be a substrate for these enzymes. Specificity (k cat/Km) towards ATP is greater in tRNA aminoacylation than in pyrophosphate exchange reaction catalysed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. Energy of activation is the same (Ea = 18.5 kcal) for dATP- and ATP-dependent pyrophosphate exchange. Both dATP- and ATP-dependent tRNA aminoacylation reactions exhibit the same temperature dependence with Ea = 9.0 kcal. Half lives of the enzyme-bound seryl adenylate and deoxyadenylate are 2 min and 4 min, respectively (pH 8.0, 25 degrees C). Both enzyme-bound phenylalanyl adenylate and deoxyadenylate exhibit the same stability (half lives 0.3 min), and enzyme-bound tyrosyl deoxyadenylate is hydrolysed faster (half life 0.6 min) than tyrosyl adenylate (half life 2.5 min). Serine is transferred both from enzyme-bound seryl adenylate and deoxyadenylate to tRNA with the same 60% efficiency. One mol of ATP or 1.1 mol of dATP is hydrolysed per one mol of seryl-tRNA formed during aminoacylation in the complete ATP- or dATP-dependent system, respectively. AMP concentrations (up to 0.5 mM), which do not affect the equilibrium of the ATP-dependent tRNA esterification with serine, significantly change the equilibrium of the dATP dependent reaction. PMID- 7269976 TI - Purification and some properties of the main polymorphic form of acid phosphatase from Poa pratensis seeds. AB - The main polymorphic form of acid phosphatase was isolated from Poa pratensis seeds by chromatography on DEAE- and CM-cellulose and gel filtration on Bio-Gel P 100. The enzyme migrated as a single band in disc electrophoresis at pH 4.5 and 8.4. The purified enzyme is a glycoprotein of molecular weight about 33 000. Carbohydrate content accounts for 40% of the total weight. The optimum pH is at 5.2 and the apparent Km for p-nitrophenylphosphate, 0.55 mM. Fluoride ions are non-competitive and zinc ions-uncompetitive inhibitors, with the apparent Km values of 0.55 and 0.28 mM, respectively. PMID- 7269977 TI - Inactivation of enolase with tetranitromethane. AB - 1. All 20 tyrosyl residues of enolase from human and pig muscle were nitrated with tetranitromethane in mild conditions; 2-phosphoglycerate and magnesium ions decreased the rate of reaction. 2. Inactivation took place in two steps: (a), nitration of 6 - 10 tyrosine residues of enolase decreased the activity by about 20%, without affecting Km value, molecular weight of pH dependence; (b) on nitration of 12 tyrosyl residues, inactivation was nearly complete, with concomitant profound changes in the enzyme properties. 2-Phosphoglycerate and magnesium ions present together protected significantly against inactivation. 3. The results suggest that the activity of enolase is dependent on intactness of tyrosyl residues. PMID- 7269978 TI - The sites of chymotrypsin action on the pig muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase during limited proteolysis. AB - 1. The sites of chymotrypsin action on glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) : DNA+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12) was established; limited proteolysis by chymotrypsin results in lowering of the phosphorolytic activity of the enzyme without affecting its oxidative activity. 2. The low-molecular fraction of the chymotrypsin digest separated by Sephadex G-100 chromatography, was fractionated on Bio-gels. Determination of the amino acid composition of the nine peptides isolated, and of their amino acid sequence, permitted to relate cleavage of Leu-64, Trp-84, Leu 109, Leu-141, Phe-165, Lys-212, Val-239, Leu-242, Leu-271 (or Phe-315) bonds in the enzyme to the decrease of the phosphorolytic activity. PMID- 7269979 TI - Stimulation of collagen biosynthesis by platelet homogenate in various cell cultures. AB - Confluent cultures of Balb c/3T3, L-929 and PZ-32 cells were incubated at 37 degrees C for 16 h in the serum-free culture medium supplemented with ascorbic acid, beta-aminopropionitrile and (5(-3) H)proline. An addition of platelet homogenate to the culture medium increased significantly proline incorporation into proteins and synthesis of the hydroxyproline-containing, collagenase sensitive proteins. PMID- 7269980 TI - Some unusual features of Physarum polycephalum chromatin are due to the presence of slime. AB - Chromatin of lower eukaryote Physarum polycephalum, while showing typical nucleosomal organization, reveals upon digestion with micrococcal nuclease certain features not found in chromatins of higher eukaryotes, the most pronounced of which is the unusual pattern of degradation of core-size DNA, without accumulation of subcore fragments. It has been shown that these peculiarities are not due to intrinsic features of Physarum nucleohistone complex but to the presence of a specific polysaccharide, the main component of Physarum slime, contaminating chromatin preparations. PMID- 7269982 TI - Accumulation of phosphate esters and decline of ATP in red cells incubated in vitro is caused by lack of pyruvate. AB - Addition of pyruvate to human red cells incubated in vitro at alkaline pH values inhibits the accumulation of phosphate esters otherwise observed as well as the decrease of ATP and the corresponding increase of ADP and AMP. The increase of glycolysis at alkaline pH values is only partly due to a pH effect per se. About one-half of it is caused by a partial release of the inhibition of phosphofructokinase by a lowering of the ATP concentration and particularly by the increase of AMP. Only in the presence of pyruvate there occurs an increase of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, such as is observed in vivo, which is balanced by the consumption of pyruvate. At alkaline pH values in the absence of pyruvate there is a low movement from the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + triosephosphates pool to the components of the pentose phosphate pathway, mostly by way of recombination from glyceraldehyde-phosphate. PMID- 7269981 TI - Ionic strength dependent structural changes of nucleosomes. AB - Rat thymus nucleosomes were studied as to their sedimentation behaviour and molecular weight Mr in NaCl and (NH)2SO4 solutions of different ionic strengths. The sedimentation coefficient s20,w decreases in two steps at ionic strengths of about 0.45-0.6 and of 1-1.2 and amounts to 11.0 S in salt-free buffer and to 5.5 S in 2 M NaCl-solution. This decrease in s20,w is paralleled by an analogous decrease in Mr. There is, however, an additional decline in Mr from 233 000 to 200 000 between the ionic strengths of 0.005 and 0.4. These changes are accompanied by conformational changes of nucleosomes as shown by varying molar frictional ratios f/f0. The decrease in Mr could be attributed to the successive release of histones as checked by electrophoretic analysis. Furthermore, nucleosomes in (NH4)SO4-solution proved to be more stable against increasing salt concentration than nucleosomes in NaCl-solution. PMID- 7269983 TI - Multiplicity of 3-hexulosephosphate synthase from bacterium MB 58. 1. Product induced transition in velocity. AB - Purified 3-hexulosephosphate synthase (HPS) from the facultative methylotrophic Bacterium MB 58 exhibits a burst-like progress curve. The transition appears in an abrupt manner at physiological substrate concentrations. The following phase of lower activity again shows linear progress in the observation period. Effects of substrates, temperature or dilution on the enzyme can be ruled out as causes of this transition. However, it is obvious that it takes place after the same amount of product has accumulated. That the reaction product causes this diminution in velocity can be demonstrated by varying the enzyme concentration or the possibility for accumulating product or the product concentration itself. The substrates of HPS counteract this product-induced transition in that an increased amount of the former makes necessary an increased amount of the latter to trigger the transition. The shape of the progress curve and experiments with different amounts of in situ-generated or synthesized product show that no simple product inhibition is involved. For the explanation of all phenomena observed three enzyme forms showing different affinities for substrates and product are postulated. These forms may be interconverted into each other by substrates and product of HPS in a specific manner. PMID- 7269984 TI - Multiplicity of 3-hexulosephosphate synthase from bacterium MB 58. 2. Generation of complex kinetic characteristics. AB - 3-hexulosephosphate synthase (HPS) from the facultative methanol-utilizing Bacterium MB 58 exhibits a complex kinetic behaviour characterized by intermediary plateau regions. This feature could be related to the existence of multiple enzyme forms. With the aid of gel chromatography or isoelectric focusing purified HPS has partially been separated into at least four fractions. The individual enzyme forms are characterized by different kinetic properties exhibiting either hyperbolic or sigmoidal response to substrate saturation. In the sum of their action these forms generate the complex shape of the kinetic characteristics. Furthermore, these forms were found to be interconvertible. After partial separation a new equilibrium between the conformers is established in each case. The multiplicity of HPS can be demonstrated in qualitatively the same manner with the purified enzyme and with freshly prepared crude extracts. Proteolytic modifications on the enzyme as a cause for the multiplicity could be ruled out. The multiple character of the enzyme is also evident at different pH values showing two optima. At different temperatures, anomalies in the Arrhenius plot depending on the substrate concentration were observed. From the present data a qualitative model of regulating HPS in the methylotrophic metabolism is proposed. Accordingly, several stable states of the metabolism should be realized. PMID- 7269985 TI - [In vitro electrophysiological determination of an individual ouabain sensitivity of human ovarian tumors]. AB - In the standardized ouabain test (10(-4) mol/l, 2 h) 10 different cell cultures react with cell kind specific transmembrane potential (TMP) changes. Primary cultures of human embryo cells and skin transmembrane potential (TMP) changes. Primary cultures of human embryo cells and skin fibroblasts revealed the highest sensitivity (approx. 60-70% TMP reduction), while smaller and relatively low sensitivities were observed for permanent cells (approx. 30-40% TMP reduction) and white blood cells (approx. 20% TMP reduction), respectively. Unlike these cells, 36 human ovarian tumors showed interindividually varied reactions within the range of TMP changes from -55% to +33%. Especially, the majority of malignant tumors exhibited only a weak reaction in the ouabain test or no reaction at all. Ovarian cysts or clinically benign tumors showed a normal ouabain effect. The striking reactions of the ovarian tumor cells are believed to demonstrate a defect of one or several transport enzymes, especially of the (Na+/K+)-activated membrane ATPases. Possible correlations between the disturbed transport mechanisms of the cell membrane and the control of the cell growth and cell division are discussed. PMID- 7269986 TI - [Effect of the alkylating agent Trenimon on the cell membrane]. AB - The alkylating agent Trenimon (10(-9) mol/l - 10(-6) mol/l) caused characteristic changes in membrane polarization, in cell counts and in surface charge (zeta potential). After short incubation time this effect of Trenimon is particularly pronounced in terms of transmembrane potential (TMP), whereas a decrease in surface charge was found only after incubation times longer than 24 hours. Immediately after addition of the chemotherapeutic agent to the HeLa cells damped oscillation of the TMP was observed with amplitudes being a function of the concentration of the agent. For incubation times between 24 and 96 hours low concentration (10(-8) mol/l) entailed increase in membrane polarization. Membrane depolarization was enhanced at higher doses of 10(-7) mol/l and 10(-6) mol/l. After lengthy incubation time drastic depolarizations and decrease in surface charge were accompanied by morphological cell damage such as "giant cells" and "off spherical" cells. Grunicke et al. [4] also found after Trenimon administration changes in membrane function before the DNA synthesis was influenced. These observations indicate that the cell membrane can be considered as a direct point for the effect of the alkylating agent Trenimon. PMID- 7269987 TI - [Capillary hypoperfusion in diabetes mellitus: a comparative microscopic study on its pathogenesis and temporal manifestation in in vivo animal experiments]. AB - In animal experimental alloxan diabetes changes the distribution of microcirculation with reduction of the nutritive capillary perfusion and simultaneous formation of hyperperfused functional microshunts. The nutritive capillary hypoperfusion is due to an increased precapillary vasoconstriction and a changed rheological behaviour of the blood with increase of the cohesive forces between the erythrocytes (aggregation of erythrocytes) and the intravascular cellular swellings. PMID- 7269988 TI - [Functional and structural reactivity of the arterial vascular system to angiotensin II in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. AB - In 55 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (Okamoto/Aoki) and 63 normotensive Wistar rats (NR) receiving Angiotensin-II, hypertrophically-hyperplastically altered vessels of SHR were tested for their functional and structural reactivity and compared with the behaviour of the arterial vascular system at essential hypertension of man. After 5 days of treatment with 0.15 and 0.02 mg depot Angiotensin II (A-II) SHR showed an increase in systolic and, with 0.15 mg A-II, even in diastolic blood pressure and bradycardia. At either A-II dosage, plasmatic vasculoses were found at the arterioles and small arteries both in SHR and similarly treated NR, though in higher frequency and in a larger quantity in SHR, as it was the case also with myocardial alterations. Although in the arterial vessels in SHR there developed already primary hypertrophically hyperplastic wall alterations, A-II application led to functional and structural reactions. Consequently, an additional vasoconstrictor stimulus does not lead in SHR to a process comparable with essential hypertension in man, but merely to reversible, acute vasculopathies. PMID- 7269989 TI - [Effect of pressure and local adrenaline application on carotid sinus on the perfusion pressure in the perfused hindlimb]. AB - On anaesthetized dogs the response of the perfusion pressure of a volume-constant perfused hindlimb and of the systemic arterial blood pressure during mechanical stimulation of the sinual baroreceptors, resulting in a rectangular increase in the intrasinual pressure and during local application of adrenaline at both carotid sinus bifurcations was determined, leaving the vagoaortic trunks intact. The mechanical stimulation of the sinual baroreceptors as well as the local application of adrenaline induced a pronounced decrease in the perfusion associated with a simultaneous fall in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The maximal decrease in systolic blood pressure at both types of stimulation was similar, however, the maximal fall in the perfusion pressure after application of adrenaline was less than that after rectangular mechanical stimulation of the sinual baroreceptors. A decrease in the heart rate after application of adrenaline was not observed. The mechanical stimulation of sinual baroreceptors before or after local application of adrenaline resulted in a similar decrease in the perfusion pressure of the perfused hindlimb. PMID- 7269990 TI - [Effect of discontinuous hemorrhage on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin concentration in anesthesized rabbits]. AB - Repeated withdrawal of 15 ml arterial blood at 10 min intervals produced marked hypovolaemia and hypotension with plasma vasopressin concentration increasing exponentially from 53 microE/ml to more than 700 microE/ml contrary to the hypovolaemia. After the first blood withdrawal there exists a linear correlation between the increase of the plasma vasopressin concentration and the decrease of the mean arterial blood pressure. With 61.5 microE/ml the cerebrospinal fluid withdrawn following the last bleeding likewise showed a very high vasopressin level. After extraction of the hormone from plasma and cerebrospinal fluid the vasopressin concentration was determined by means of the antidiuretic bioassay in the water-loaded rat. PMID- 7269991 TI - [The importance of experimental surgery]. AB - Experimental surgery is an integral part of experimental medicine, and by rights should be present especially in the larger medical (clinic) centers that today have yet to be realized. In would provide the cadres that can enlighten scientific projects of fundamental and applicable significance. It would enable experimental research on a number of clinical and operational techniques and technical problems as well as introduce innovative methods and operational procedures. In terms of educating medical and other natural science students, it would open new perspectives for directly including these cadres, during the course of their studies, in the performance of a number of operations. And such experience provides the student with grounds, in a directional sense, for making future life decisions. Thus, experimental surgery could fill a noticeably empty space in the process of student education. The section formed in Novi Sad has obtained appropriate space. There is a keen interest among the cadres. The equipment is on the way toward completion. A surgeon is in charge of this section. During the course of his service as a representative, he will have the opportunity to acquire experience on an international level. This section has already developed a number of functions to perform. It offers cooperation with other similar sections in our country as well as with clinics and cadres interested in working in this field of medicine and surgery. PMID- 7269992 TI - [Fibromyxoma of the left ventricle as a cause of heart aneurysm and recurrent thromboembolism]. AB - Primary heart tumours are a rarity but no more an academic curiosity. When recognised they may be successfully surgically treated. A Cardiac tumour is to be suspected in thromboembolism of young people especially in the absence of cardiac symptoms. A short review of possible symptoms and diagnostic methods available in the present is given. A successfully operated case of fibromyxoma of the left ventricle with consecutive cardiac aneurysm and peripheral thromboembolism is presented. Selective coronary angiography and cine-cardioangiography were the deciding investigations. The nature of the tumour is shown by means of classical histology as with the aid of electron microscopy. PMID- 7269993 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the prostate]. AB - Cancer of the prostate is one of the most common malignancies that appear in men, and immediately after the neoplasms in the bronchial tubes and stomach, it is the third most common cause of death in the Socialist Republic of Croatia. According to the anatomic division of the prostate gland (micro-anatomic structure of the gland), in most cases cancer develops in the peripheral zone which is constructed of very small and simple branching canals and small round sinuses whose cells are more regular and lower than those in the central zone. We insist on a classification according to the TNM system, while histologists emphasize the findings of a differentiation of cell "grading. 2" Although a rectal probe is quite effective in discovering malignancies of the prostate gland, a sure diagnosis can only be made by cytological examination, by which the type of carcinogen can be ascertained. From 1971 to 1979, the authors performed aspiration transrectal cytological punctures on 526 patients. Cancer was suspected in 142 patients. 95 of these patients (66.9%) were found to have malignant cells. With a needle specially designed by the authors, the puncture treatment was performed on 57 patients. The authors recommend that every male over 50 years of age should undergo an annual digito-rectal examination, as well as all those in advanced years who have unusual rheumatic or pelvic problems. Of course, every suspicious knot on the prostate gland receive the puncture treatment and by cytologically examined. PMID- 7269994 TI - [Heart valve replacement]. AB - From 1965 to 1980, the authors accumulated vast experience by operating on 2500 diseased heart valves. Some of these patients had one, two, or three valves replaced. Among the two/three patients, there was a monovalvular problem in III, and more than half the patients with multivalvular problems in IV functional group NYHA. In group II there were only one/three patients with stenosis of the aortic valve. Because of the advanced stage of the disease among the group II patients, the following conditions were often present: heart insufficiency, manifest lung hypertension, cardiomegaly, and pronounced arrhythmia with damage to the kidneys. The risk in such cases is significantly greater. In total, 2941 valves were built. 74% had a normal postoperative recovery, 9,2% died; and 14,2% suffered complications that were remedied. Among the complications were insufficiency of the heart, arrhythmia, hemorrhage, transitory cerebral damage, and tracheobronchial infections. Thus, it can be seen that valve replacement as a treatment for significant hemodynamic disturbances is an effective method of surgical treatment. Improved results, reduction of complications, and few fatalities signal the advancement in such treatment. PMID- 7269995 TI - [Hematologic study of rapid and massive transfusion]. AB - Massive transfusion was applied in the standard manner and using the transfusion pump. Considering the complications accompanying massive transfusion several coagulation parameters, as well as the free haemoglobin values were studied before, during and after the surgery. The materials were obtained from heart, liver and polytraumatised patients undergoing surgery. The results were yielded by comparison of all three groups of patients (total number 41). It was obvious, that the massive transfusion has been affecting coagulations parameters at most in polytraumatised patients. PMID- 7269996 TI - [Smooth muscle tumors of digestive organs]. AB - Incidence of the benign and malignant tumors of smooth muscles of the alimentary tract is relatively low. Both kinds of tumors cause haemorrhage, which often urges a prompt surgical intervention. The paper deals with the problems encountered in diagnosis and treatment of 20 patients with the above tumors, operated on at the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, University Medical Centre of Ljubljana, during the last decade. PMID- 7269997 TI - [Nonspecific ulcers of the small intestine]. AB - 14 patients with non-specific ulcers of the small intestine are discussed: 9 ulcers of the ileum; 3 of the section between the jejunum and the ileum; and 2 of the jejunum. The operations were performed on the basis of a clinical picture of the abdomen acutum, while the correct diagnosis was confirmed during the operation itself. This affirmed the well-known fact that diseases are almost always diagnosed after some complication: perforation, hemorrhage, or stenosis. Two of the patients died (14.3%). A resection was performed on the younger patients operated on within eight hours of the initial manifestation of the disease. The others survived the ulcer by the extraction of their edges. PMID- 7269998 TI - [Stomach plication in an infant]. AB - By x-ray the authors discovered for the first time three incidents of stomach plication. This anomaly is defined as a transverse-axled seesaw of the stomach causing more or less abundant vomiting, which occasionally poses diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Radiological examination revealed a stomach that appears like a cascade. This anomaly is rarely accompanied by other anomalies, although that was indeed the case with one infant. PMID- 7269999 TI - [Management of liver injuries]. AB - Evidently, the most frequent cause for surgical intervention on liver is traumatic rupture of the liver, which are often irregular or multiple. The therapy is not uniform. In noncomplicated ruptures the best management is to remove necrotic tissue by digitoklasis and individual ligation of blood vessels and bile ducts with interrupted suture. In extensive lesion, where a large part of hepatic parenchyma is devitalized, the best results are achieved by resection. The mortality largely depends on well-timed operation, whereas each delay increases the surgical risk. PMID- 7270000 TI - [The association of HLA and disease]. PMID- 7270001 TI - Evaluation of the in vitro activity of nifuroxazide on enteropathogenic microorganisms: determination of bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations and disk susceptibility. PMID- 7270002 TI - [Brugmann Hospital anatomo-clinical session]. PMID- 7270003 TI - Treatment and prevention of bacterial infections during cytostatic chemotherapy. PMID- 7270005 TI - Serum 3'-monoiodothyronine levels in normal subjects and in patients with thyroid and non-thyroid disease. AB - Serum 3'monoiodothyronine (3'-T1) levels were estimated by means of a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) preceded by an ethanol extraction. The recovery of 3'T1 was in mean (+/-SEM) 110 +/- 9%, and the lower detection limit was 23 pmol/l. Serum levels of 3'T1 in 34 euthyroid healthy subjects were (median (range)) 55 pmol/l (less than 23 - 168 pmol/l), in 13 hyperthyroid patients 133 pmol/l (70 - 265 pmol/l) (P less than 0.01) and in 13 hypothyroid patients less than 23 pmol/l (less than 23 - 68 pmol/l) (P less than 0.01). In 11 patients with chronic renal failure serum 3'-T1 levels were highly increased 285 pmol/l (115 - 1538 pmol/l) (P less than 0.01) and correlated inversely to creatinine clearance (R = -0.68, P less than 0.05). In patients with liver cirrhosis serum 3'-T1 levels were unaffected, whereas in 19 patients with endogenous depression studied before and after recovery from the depression serum levels decreased from 70 pmol/l (less than 23 - 248 pmol/l) to 30 pmol/l (less than 23 - 95 pmol/l) (P less than 0.01). Administration of propranolol 40 mg b.i.d. for 2 weeks did not affect serum 3'-T1 levels. The study shows that 3'-T1 is present in serum from euthyroid man and varies with thyroid function. Further, it is suggested that 3'-T1 in contrast to other iodothyronines primarily is eliminated by the kidneys. PMID- 7270004 TI - Growth hormone and prolactin secretion in liver cirrhosis: evidence for dopaminergic dysfunction. PMID- 7270006 TI - Effect of cycloheximide on iodothyronine formation in vitro. AB - The unique inhibitory effect of cycloheximide (CH) on the coupling of iodotyrosines was examined in vitro. Rat thyroid lobes were incubated for 8 h under our improved condition. In the presence of 10(-4) - 10(-3) M CH, the per cent uptake of 131I decreased, proportionate synthesis of [131I]MIT increased slightly, and that of [131I]T4 or [131I]T3 decreased markedly. The incorporation of medium 127I into T4 or T3 during the 8 h incubation period decreased markedly, but was fairly constant into MIT and only slightly decreased into DIT. Thus the inhibitory effect of CH seemed more prominent on iodothyronine formation than on iodotyrosine formation in this in vitro system. Inhibition of formation of newly labelled iodothyronines seemed to occur almost in parallel with the inhibition of [3H]amino acid incorporation into the thyroidal soluble protein. However, the coupling of iodotyrosines prelabelled in the absence of CH did not seem to be affected by CH. The presence of 10(-4) M CH induced the Wolff-Chaikoff effect at a lower iodide concentration than that which occurred in the absence of CH, suggesting that CH sensitized the Wolff-Chaikoff effect. However, the organification of 127I and T4 synthesis were markedly reduced in the presence of CH even before the apparent Wolff-Chaikoff effect was initiated. These results give further support to out contention that prethyroglobulin is more important for organification of iodide than pre-existing thyroglobulin. We conclude that CH reduces coupling efficiency indirectly, probably by inhibiting the formation of prethyroglobulin with a favourable structure for coupling. PMID- 7270007 TI - Mechanism of creatinuria in experimental hyperthyroidism. AB - Using rats pre-labelled by [14C]creatine injection, the mechanism of creatinuria induced by experimental hyperthyroidism during a 20 day treatment period has been examined. The excess creatine excretion is the result of increased release of creatine from muscle and increased excretion of creatine synthesized de novo. The increased excretion of newly synthesized creatine in hyperthyroidism appears to occur because of decreased creatine uptake by muscle, an increased rate of creatine synthesis, or a combination of both factors. The radioactive creatine content of hyperthyroid skeletal muscle was reduced at the time of death indicating an increased rated of creatine loss during the treatment period. In spite of the increased loss of labelled creatine, the specific activity of creatine obtained from hyperthyroid skeletal muscle was higher than control. This finding is probably due to decreased uptake of unlabelled creatine by hyperthyroid skeletal muscle during the treatment period. In contrast to skeletal muscle, the radioactive creatine content of hyperthyroid myocardium was higher than control at the time of death suggesting a decreased rate of creatine loss during the treatment period. PMID- 7270008 TI - Inhibitory effect of potassium on blood pressure in DOCA salt hypertension in rats. AB - The present study was performed to assess the influence of potassium on blood pressure in deoxycorticosterone (DOCA) salt hypertensive rats. The effects of potassium administration on the systolic blood pressure, fluid intake, urine volume, excretion of sodium and potassium, serum sodium and potassium, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were investigated both during the first 2 weeks of development of DOCA salt hypertension and during the next 2 weeks of established DOCA salt hypertension. Potassium administration prevented the development of DOCA salt hypertension and reduced the blood pressure in established DOCA salt hypertension. Fluid intake, urine volume, and excretion of sodium and potassium appeared to be markedly increased in rats treated with potassium. The levels of serum sodium and potassium were unchanged by potassium loading. Both the PRA and PAC which were suppressed in DOCA salt hypertensive rats, were reversed in rats treated by potassium loading. It is suggested that the elevation of blood pressure may be prevented and the increased blood pressure reduced mainly by the diuresis and natriuresis caused by potassium loading. PMID- 7270009 TI - Steroid responsiveness of the human cell line NHIK 3025. AB - The human cell line NHIK 3025, derived from a carcinoma of the uterine cervix, contains a glucocorticoid and an androgen receptor. The effect of various natural and synthetic steroid hormones and antihormones on growth rate of these cells was therefore investigated. Cells grown in Eagle's MEM with 10% foetal calf serum exhibited reduced growth when cultured with dexamethasone due to prolongation of the cell cycle. Glucocorticoid anti-inducers like progesterone had no significant effect on cell growth. Methyltrienolone (R 1881) or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone did not affect cell proliferation. The reported shortening of the cell cycle by testosterone is probably not directly connected with activation of the androgen receptor present, but possibly dependent on metabolic conversion of testosterone to the more potent growth stimulator 4-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol. The effect of several anti-androgens was also studied. The non-steroidal anti androgens flutamide and SCH 16483 had no significant effect on cell proliferation. It was, however, found that a number of steroid anti-androgens, including R 2956, stimulated cell growth. A significant stimulatory effect by R 2956 was seen within the first cell generation, 4-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol had to be present during 2 days, and testosterone for even longer times before a similar effect on cell growth could be obtained. PMID- 7270010 TI - Effect of short-term bromocriptine treatment on amniotic fluid prolactin concentration in the first half of pregnancy. AB - The effect of short-term bromocriptine treatment on amniotic fluid and maternal prolactin concentrations was studied in 9 pregnant women in the first half of pregnancy. Bromocriptine suppressed the maternal serum prolactin level, but had no effect on the amniotic fluid level. Since both foetal and maternal prolactin secretion are suppressed by bromocriptine our results suggest that amniotic fluid prolactin is produced by extrapituitary tissues, which do not contain dopamine receptors. PMID- 7270011 TI - Persistence of progesterone secretion after foetal death induced by vasopressin in rabbits. AB - Synthetic lysine-vasopressin (2 IU/kg body weight) terminated pregnancy in the rabbit when administered im on day 20, but not when administered on days 8 through 11 of gestation. Rabbits treated with vasopressin on day 20 delivered necrotic foetuses at the expected time of parturition (13/19 animals, day 32), aborted (3/19), or resorbed their foetuses (3/19). Uterine bleeding was noted in 68% of rabbits 5 days after vasopressin treatment on day 20 of pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of progesterone in vasopressin and saline treated rabbits were identical throughout pregnancy. Placental engorgement by erythrocytes was associated with foetal death in rabbits 1 h after vasopressin treatment on day 28 of gestation. Although vasopressin administration during the last third of gestation is detrimental to foetal life in the rabbit, the continuing normal secretion of progesterone indicates that the placentas remain viable. Available evidence suggests that foetal death results from ischaemia caused by placental vascular congestion and stasis following vasopressin administration. PMID- 7270012 TI - Effect of rifampicin on the biosynthesis of testosterone in rat testis. AB - Male Wistar rats were treated with rifampicin (10 mg/kg) daily for 5 days. After 6 days, the rats were killed and the testes homogenised in tris buffer. The microsomal fractions were incubated with [4-14C]4-progesterone, [4-14C]17 hydroxyprogesterone or [4-14C]-androstene-3, 17-dione, respectively, and a NADPH generating system. In rifampicin-treated animals, less [4-14C]progesterone was recovered after incubation with testicular microsomes than in controls. There was no significant difference in the formation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone between rifampicin-treated animals and the controls; however, a significant increase was found in the androstenedione fraction (+83%) and the testosterone fraction (+48%) under the influence of rifampicin. When [4-14C]17-hydroxyprogesterone or [4-14C]4 androstene-3, 17-dione were incubated, no differences in the metabolic pattern were observed between treated and untreated rats. These findings suggest that rifampicin stimulates the activity of 17 alpha-hydroxylase in the microsomal fraction of rat testes, thus leading to an increased formation of testosterone and androstenedione; in contrast, the 17, 20-lyase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase remain unaffected by rifampicin. PMID- 7270013 TI - Immunocompetence and its modification after BCG immunotherapy in patients with colon carcinoma. AB - The ability to develop cutaneous response to Mantoux, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was studied in patients with carcinomas in the digestive tract, with particular emphasis on cancer of the colon, in patients with benign pathology and in a control group. The patients with a malignant disease in the digestive tract, considered as a group, showed a remarkable decrease of responses to Mantoux (31%), to PHA (21%) and to DNCB (58%) compared to the control group where incidence amounted to 61%, 73% and 100% respectively. The depression in the immune cellular response is more remarkable yet in colon carcinoma (Mantoux 11%, PHA 0%, DNCB 11%) all of which suggest that the impairment of the immune response depends on the tumor localization. An increase of unresponsiveness was also observed within the group with a benign pathology although the deterioration is lower than that observed in the malignant group. The patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon received BCG immunotherapy and the changes in cellular and humoral response were studied in them. Although the improving mechanism does not seem to affect simultaneously the various expressions of cell mediated immunity, a stimulating effect in the response was observed in what refers to recall antigen, inflammatory reaction and sensitization to DNCB. These changes ranked Mantoux greater than DNCB greater than PHA. There was a direct correlation between skin test reactivity to at least one antigen and the patient survival, but is not the case with the changes observed in the immunoglobulins level. The significance of these changes in relation to the possible anti-tumor effect is discussed. PMID- 7270014 TI - [Idiopathic cholestasis in Hodgkin's disease]. AB - The authors present the development of a intrahepatic Cholestasis in a Hodgkin's disease. The cholestasis was characterized with the biochemical signs of total bile duct obstruction. There were also signs of cholestasis at liver biopsy, while non hepatic involvement was detected. No biliary tract obstruction was proved. Chemotherapy produced remission of cholestasis. They also went over the different theories on the etiology and physiopathogeny of the idiopathic cholestasis in this disease, which are still uncertain, and they especially remark the need of discarding the idiopatic cholestasis in a Hodgkin's disease with jaundice. PMID- 7270015 TI - [Fiberendoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices (description of a technic)]. AB - We describe a technique used for fiberendoscopic sclerosis of esophageal varices. The addition of a balloon around the endoscope is advocated for three uses: 1) ingurgitation of varices allows better visualization, 2) the methods avoid the quick clearing of the sclerosing agent, 3) it can be used as hemostatic agent in case of necessity. The sclerosant agent used is an association of ethanolamine oleate, hypertonic glucose solution (50%) and natural conjugated strogens. PMID- 7270016 TI - [Experiences with transluminal angioplasty in critical coronary artery stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - In this study the first results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (TAP) at the university hospital of Graz, Department of internal Medicine, are presented. Out of 19 attempts in 18 patients (one with two vessel-disease) 15 were angiographically successful (79%). In three cases the stenosis could not be passed, in one patient with previous non transmural anterior infarction the vessel was nearly occluded after the procedure. Serum CK-levels of this patient increased up to the fourfold on the following day; however, no clinical or electrocardiographic features or reinfarction occurred. In the majority of patients the dilatation of the obstruction was accompanied by a diminuation of the gradient across the stenosis and followed by a significant clinical improvement, increase in exercise tolerance (64% of cases) and the degree of 201Tl-redistribution as a sign of disappearance of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia was normalized in 6 of 8 patients (75%). No serious complications were noted in this group of patients. PMID- 7270018 TI - [Cell hybridization: a monoclonal marker as a diagnostic help in haematology and oncology (author's transl)]. AB - This is a communication on the introduction of the first monoclonal marker at Graz University Medical School. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for immunisation of BALB/c mice by injecting 4,5 X 10(6) cells s. c. Boosting consisted of i.p. injection of 5 X 10(6) cells 4 times in monthly intervals. Spleen cells were taken 4 days after the last boost, fused with NS-1 myeloma cells, using PEG as fusogenic agent. After growth in HAT selective medium, antibody secreting clones were identified by testing the supernatants. Cultures with activity against lymphocytes were closed on normal BALB/C peritoneal cell feeder layers. One of them secreted IgG 1 with strong activity against all lymphoid cells and was named HLy D 1. Further testing showed activity with band cells, polymorphs, eosinophils, macrophages but not with tissue sections from anaplastic undifferentiated cancers and erythroid leukaemias. Since he was named H Le D 1 and introduced for differentiating rare undifferentiated carcinomas from malignant tumors of the lymphoid system. PMID- 7270017 TI - [Serum levels od D-thyroxine in euthyroidism and hypothyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - Serum levels of D-thyroxine (D-T4) and L-thyroxine (L-T4) were determined by use of a newly developed method for the stereospecific determination of these isomers in 8 patients with diffuse non-toxic goiter and 2 hypothyroid patients following administration of increasing doses of D-thyroxine. During the 3-day observation period a significant decrease of serum-TSH takes place. D-T4 levels are highest 4 hours after administration of the tablets and approach basal values within 24 hours in euthyroid as well as hypothyroid patients. Serum half life of D-T4 was 5.7 hours on the average in the euthyroid group and was markedly prolonged in hypothyroidism. L-T4 levels show no significant changes. Since the D-T4 preparation used, contained only very little amounts of the L-isomer, it may be assumed that D-T4 exerts a direct suppressive effect on the pituitary TSH secretion, as evidenced by the observed significant decrease in basal and TRH stimulated TSH serum levels. PMID- 7270021 TI - Strategy of the free recall of a categorized word list. AB - Four groups of Ss (fourth-form pupils and adults, of above average and average intelligence) were trained in categorical strategy at learning a categorized list. Their reproduction protocols were compared in quantitative and several qualitative indicators with the reproduction protocols of four equal groups who had reproduced the same list, but without training. The trained Ss gave a better performance than the untrained ones and the degree of their superiority was in relation to the degree of mastering the categorical strategy. The pupils used spontaneously rather the serial strategy, while adults the categorical. The above average intelligent Ss of both age groups approached the memory task more actively and strategically. PMID- 7270020 TI - Changes in osmotic resistance of leucocytes in mental illnesses. AB - A simple method is described for determining osmotic resistance of leucocytes in peripheral blood: stained leucocytes are counted after 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes of blood incubation with 0.2% NaCl solution. With this method it was possible to demonstrate a significant decrease in osmotic resistance of leucocytes, primarily granulocytes, in schizophrenics (by about 1/3) and in neurotics (by about 1/5) in comparison to a healthy control sample. PMID- 7270019 TI - [The current status of scintigraphy in oncology (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical usefulness of tumor scanning methods is discussed under the practical considerations of tumor screening, determination of tumor size and noninvasive tumor staging as well as diagnostic follow-up after therapy. Scintigraphy as a primary diagnostic tool is mainly restricted to suspicious enlargements of the thyroid gland whereas scintigraphy with 67Ga-citrate in Hodgkin's disease and bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-phosphates in tumors with tendencies to early bone metastases are widely used non-invasive diagnostic means for the evaluation of tumor propagation. Post therapy conversion of positive findings is of less predictive value than than persistence of a positive scan. Some results of the literature are discussed with our own experiences. PMID- 7270022 TI - Pattern recognition and time-dependent QSAR applied to morphinomimetic opioids. AB - Pattern recognition and multivariate time-dependent structure-activity relationships were applied to a series of N-4-substituted 1-(2-arylethyl)-4 piperidinyl-N-phenylpropanamides. A correct classification of drugs to similar clusters requires identical results obtained from biological and chemical pattern recognition. The time point of the bioassay determines the significance of physicochemical features, and it was shown that substituent contributions vary within the time of bioassay. PMID- 7270023 TI - Analysis of the time series of the EEG frequency spectra and of EEG spectral power densities. AB - Some examples of the use of the principal component model for the economic description of the structure of the multiple time series and for the data reduction in the quantitative EEG studies are presented. The broad-band EEG frequency spectra were measured with the use of an electronic system designed by J. Dvorak. The EEG spectral power densities were computed via the discrete Fourier Transform (namely FFT) algorithm. The estimated two or three first principal components account for the major part of the total variance of individual EEG variables: The results hold for the used elementary epoch of measurement, i.e. 5 sec. - With the use of the algorithms and FORTRAN IV programs developed by J. Andel, T. Cipra and L. Tomasek a data reduction by a factor of 1:2000 can be achieved without any substantial loss of biological information. - The described methods help to obtain a better insight into the structure of the data and represent a powerful tool for data reduction at least in a certain class of experimental EEG studies (experimental toxicology, pharmacology, experimental neurology). PMID- 7270024 TI - Differential effect of REM stimulating and REM inhibiting drugs (reserpine and amitriptylin) on memory. PMID- 7270025 TI - Influence of early social environment on behavioural development and on later maternal behaviour of protein deprived rats. AB - Female rats were subjected to protein deprivation (PD) by providing a low protein diet during the lactating period. Control (CO) females were fed on a well balanced diet. To part of the CO and PD litters, a virgin adult female - "the aunt" (A) was added to spend the light period of the day in these rearing cages. At weaning the PD pups were changed to extreme low protein diet and maintained on this regime until Day 49, then rehabilitated with the CO diet. The aunts continued visiting the PDA and COA groups until Day 49. - In the course of the suckling period, growth was recorded, individual and social activities were observed as well as mother-infant interactions in a novel environment. In the adult age, exploratory activity of females and contacts with both alien and own pups were tested. - It appeared that early PD suppressed growth, reduced exploratory activity of the pups and the number of active contacts with the mother and the littermates. The PD pups reared both by the mother and the aunt were in all behavioural tests superior to animals reared without the aunts, moreover, they did not differ from the CO group. Effect of aunt-rearing on the COA pups was less marked than on the PDA pups. - The test of exploratory activity in the adult age did not reveal effects of the early rearing. On the other hand, marked differences among groups were observed in tests of maternal behaviour. The early experience with the aunt resulted in an elevated frequency of contacts with pups in the PDA groups and it affected positively all indices of maternal behaviour. PMID- 7270026 TI - Dependence of EEG spectral power density on the meaning of stimuli. AB - Spectrum analysis of event-related brain activity periods was done in the 2-32 Hz frequency band. Three tests were performed in which the flash acted as an attention requiring stimulus or as a negative or a positive reinforcement. EEG was recorded from 8 scalp leads on 24 human subjects. During the performance adapted time conditioning task, with the flash acting as a negative reinforcer, there was a marked increase of densities for frequencies 2-7 Hz and a decrease for 8-13 Hz in the fronto-centro-parietal leads. Power shifts are discussed in relation to the different meaning of the flashes. PMID- 7270027 TI - Relations between rhythmic brain processes and psychomotor tempo. AB - The aim of the experiments was to investigate the frequency and phase relations between the EEG and the mechanogram during tapping movements (automated rhythms). Using correlation functions it could be shown that there is a high correlation between EEG and motor rhythms. The alpha-generator is not necessarily the unique rhythmic source for automated rhythms. Other generators may also act as stable control pacemaker dependent on motivation. PMID- 7270028 TI - [Arteriae cerebri media, region of origin and width of their cortical branches]. AB - Origin, diameter and right-left differences of the cortical rami of the middle cerebral artery were examined in 101 hemispheres. Included are also the length, diameter and the types of furcation (bifurcatio, trifurcatio, quadrofurcatio). PMID- 7270029 TI - [The striae medullares of the 4th ventricle]. PMID- 7270030 TI - Effect of natural litter size on the post-natal growth in CF rats. AB - The litter effect among natural litters (with minimal differences in size i.e. 6, 8 and 9) on the growth was studied in CF rats from post-conception (PC) day 22 to 90 by somatometric techniques. Body weight was found to be significantly low in larger litters up to PC day 50 although the difference persisted numerically until PC day 90. Crown-rump length, tail length and patellocalcaneal length were significantly (less than 0.001) reduced in larger litters. Growth rate curves substantiated these observations. Since the differences in size among the three groups of litters were too small to cause any nutritional deprivation and the natural potential for growth was not altered, differences in mother-offspring and/or offspring-offspring emotional interactions could be the possible factor responsible for the growth rate differences. PMID- 7270031 TI - Comparative histological study of the effects of high calcium diet and vitamin D supplements on epiphyseal plates of vitamin-D-deficient chicks. AB - A comparative histological and microradiographic study of the tibial epiphyseal plates of chickens raised on: (1) a vitamin-D-deficient diet; (2) a vitamin-D deficient diet supplemented with cholecalciferol, and (3) a vitamin-D-deficient diet to which extra calcium had been added, has revealed that a high-calcium diet did not normalize the epiphyseal plates completely. However, it restored the normal length and chondrocyte arrangement to the proliferative zone. The degenerative zone became elongated and this seems to be related to the hypophosphataemic condition which has developed as a result of the special diet. PMID- 7270032 TI - Electron-microscopic study on the development of permanently proliferated and cornified vaginal epithelium in mice treated neonatally with androgen. AB - In the vaginal epithelium of mice given 5 daily injections of 100 microgram 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone from the day of birth, highly electron-dense cells with numerous cytoplasmic processes appeared in the basal layer within 35 days after the last injection. These cells were similar to the B cells reported in earlier works in neonatally estrogen-treated mice undergoing ovary-independent, permanent proliferation and cornification. The present electron-microscopic study suggests that the permanently proliferating, highly electron-dense cells are derived from electronlucent cells (clear cells) appearing in the basal layer of the vaginal epithelium 15-20 days after neonatal androgen treatment. PMID- 7270033 TI - Histological studies on the testicular seminal pathway and changes in the epididymis of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). Part IV. AB - The testicular seminal pathway in the camel is divided into two portions: an intratesticular and an extratesticular portion. The intratesticular seminal pathway consists of three portions: a 'tapering terminal segment' of the seminiferous tubules opening into the receptacle, the tubuli recti with three parts and the rete testis. The extratesticular portion consists of the rete testis, as an extension of the intratesticular portion and an elongated sac from which 6-7 ductuli efferentes originated. The tapering terminal segments are lined by modified Sertoli cells. Both, the tubuli recti and rete testis, are lined by simple cuboidal to columnar cells. The epithelium of the ductuli efferentes which, at its origin from the sac is simply cuboidal, gradually changes to an epithelium that consists of alternating groups of high-columnar ciliated and low columnar non-ciliated cells. The strongly PAS-positive basement membrane of the ductuli efferentes is surrounded by a thin circular layer of smooth muscle fibres. The pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium of the epididymis is supported by an intensely PAS-reactive basement membrane. Morphological changes in the epithelium of the head and body regions of the epididymis due to seasonal variations are well marked in the camels of all age groups. PMID- 7270034 TI - Monoaminergic pathways to the coronary arteries and to the myocardium. AB - The monoaminergic innervation of the coronary vessels and of the myocardium in dogs was examined by means of degenerative techniques: (i) local perivascular neurotomy was performed at the origin of the left coronary artery; (ii) the stellate ganglion was removed bilaterally. Evaluation of the neural degeneration pattern led the suggestion that three types of neurons at least exist within the heart: (i) neurons innervating the coronary vessels both in the ventricles and in the atria; (ii) neurons innervating the ventricular myocardium, and (iii) neurons innervating the atrial myocardium. The post-ganglionic fibres of the stellate ganglion innervate the vessels of the whole heart. Their contribution to the innervation of the ventricular myocardium represents about 30%. PMID- 7270035 TI - [New findings on the course of the anterior cerebral artery, (pars post communicalis), on their regions of origin and the width of their cortical branches]. PMID- 7270036 TI - New contribution on the oesophageal mucous innervation in certain monkeys (Cercopithecidae). AB - Spindle-shaped, barrel-like, or bush-like corpuscular neural structures situated in the mucous epithelium of the upper third of the oesophagus are described. These structures are not homogeneously distributed in this area. Some are very close to the pharyngooesophageal sphincter, spanning the thickness of the epithelium and communicating with the basal membrane by means of a thin pedicle and with the lumen by a small hilus or pore, their morphology being that of a taste bud. The others are situated deeper in the mucous epithelium of the upper third, communicating with the basal membrane only by means of either a thin pedicle or a thicker one, and separated from the lumen by a thick layer of epithelial cells. The bush-like apparatuses lie closely adjacent to the basal membrane of the epithelium. PMID- 7270037 TI - Freeze-fracture and thin-section study of condensing vacuoles in rat pancreatic acinar cells. AB - Early and late developmental forms of condensing vacuoles are prominent in the relatively low rate secreting acinar cells of suckling rat pancreas. These vacuoles, when studied in freeze-fracture replicas and ultrathin sections under standard processing conditions, showed a biphasic evolution. During the first stage the condensing vacuoles (referred to as CV1) enlarge, accumulating contents of rather low electron density. Fracture faces with irregular patterns, possibly the result of fusion (pinching off) of microvesicles with (from) the condensing vacuoles, were occasionally encountered. The infrequency of such images indicates that fusion-fission during the growth stage must be a very rapid event. One common type of surface irregularity is gibbosities (or convexities) in the P fracture face with complementary images in the E fracture face. The significance of these irregularities, which are in apparent discordance with the theory of microvesicular transport, is unclear. By the end of the growing period the condensing vacuoles are large and smooth-surfaced (referred to as CV2) with contents of intermediate electron density (between that of the initial growing stage and that of the mature zymogen granule). The number of intercalated particles on both the large irregularly surfaced CV1) and large smooth-surfaced condensing vacuoles (CV2) membranes is high and comparable to that of the Golgi saccule and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. During the second stage, the smooth surfaced condensing vacuoles undergo volume reduction associated with progressive increase in the electron density of their contents, thus becoming zymogen granules. Concomitant with size reduction, the number of intercalated particles in the membranes with CV2 diminishes markedly. The process of membrane retrieval appears to be accomplished selectively by pinching off coated microvesicles heavily studded with intercalated particles. PMID- 7270038 TI - Sensorivagal nature of oesophageal submucous layer nerve endings. Determination of surgical degeneration methods. AB - Two types of surgery were performed on domestic cats to establish the source and functional significance of the apparatuses we have denominated perivascular, perifascicular and free endings of the oesophageal submucous layer. After extirpation of the cranial regions of the sympathetic ganglionic chain, of all the cervical ganglia and of the four proximal thoracic ganglia, no Wallerian degeneration of the concerned nerve endings was observed, thus ruling out their dependence on this neural pathway. After ablation of the central portion of the nodose ganglion, of the vagal nerve. Wallerian degeneration was observed in these nerve-ending apparatuses, thus demonstrating: (i) that these nerve apparatuses depend on perikarya situated in the nodose ganglion and (ii) that they are sensory receptors. PMID- 7270039 TI - [ELectron microscopy of the ganglion trunci nervi vagi in the turtle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270040 TI - [A case of a double superficial brachial artery and a case of a superficial antebrachial artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270041 TI - [Innervation of the anterior supracostal muscle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270042 TI - [A case of the right subclavian artery as the last branch from the aortic arch in Japanese female cadaver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270043 TI - [Epilepsy and hypocalcemia. Further considerations on a case]. PMID- 7270044 TI - [The problem of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy in young girls. Apropos of a clinical case]. PMID- 7270045 TI - [A case of hypopotassemic myopathy]. PMID- 7270046 TI - [Progressive muscular dystrophy and Raynaud's syndrome]. PMID- 7270047 TI - [Histological and histochemical study of the muscles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at different developmental stages]. PMID- 7270049 TI - [Clinical study of a case of recurrent multineuritis of the oculomotor nerves in a patient with secondary hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7270048 TI - [The glucose-pyruvate test in Friedreich's ataxia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease]. PMID- 7270050 TI - [Visual perceptive ability in Parkinson patients]. PMID- 7270051 TI - [Visual-memory performance profile in Parkinson patients]. PMID- 7270053 TI - [Complex neurological syndromes: association of parkinsonian disorders with dementia and second motor neuron disease. Clinical and nosographic considerations on 6 cases]. PMID- 7270052 TI - [L-dopa-resistant Parkinson's disease with cerebral atrophy: striato-nigral degeneration?]. PMID- 7270054 TI - [Clinical study of a case of multisystemic degenerative disease of difficult nosographic classification]. PMID- 7270055 TI - [Tomodensitometric confirmation of a case of late cerebellar atrophy]. PMID- 7270056 TI - [Late cerebellar atrophy]. PMID- 7270057 TI - [Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Electroencephalographic aspects in 5 cases]. PMID- 7270058 TI - [Clinico- therapeutic evaluation of 2 cases of the hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia epilepsy syndrome]. PMID- 7270059 TI - [A case of metabolic encephalopathy caused by vitamin B 12-dependent methylmalonicaciduria]. PMID- 7270060 TI - [Pure verbal deafness with amusia. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7270061 TI - [Late neuropsychological syndrome after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Clinical contribution]. PMID- 7270062 TI - [Unusual case of hydrothorax, cerebrospinal fluid ascites and hydrocele in a patient with a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt]. PMID- 7270063 TI - [An unusual case of reflex epilepsy]. PMID- 7270064 TI - [Epidemiologico-clinical studies of multiple sclerosis in the provinces of Naples and Avellino]. PMID- 7270065 TI - [Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire results on subjects with essential headache]. PMID- 7270067 TI - [A neuro-immunological theory for some forms of epilepsy]. PMID- 7270066 TI - [Evaluation of motor behavior in hyperprolactinemic conditions]. PMID- 7270068 TI - [Influence of the central dopaminergic system on GABAergic activity of the cerebellum. Preliminary results]. PMID- 7270069 TI - [Time sense at various age]. PMID- 7270070 TI - [The child with febrile convulsions]. PMID- 7270071 TI - [Trans-sphenoidal surgery of pituitary adenomas and other forms of pituitary pathology]. PMID- 7270072 TI - [Traumatic lesions of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Microsurgical indications and technics]. PMID- 7270073 TI - [Surgical treatment of lumbosacral discopathy with a modified interlaminar approach. Preliminary results in 50 cases]. PMID- 7270074 TI - [Electrotomographic and clinical correlations in supratentorial cerebral tumors]. PMID- 7270075 TI - [The use of contrast media in cranial computerized tomography]. PMID- 7270076 TI - [Epilepsy and depression. Preliminary considerations]. PMID- 7270077 TI - [Myoclonic cerebellar dyssynergia. Clinico-tomographic and cisternographic study of a case]. PMID- 7270078 TI - [Serum levels of anticonvulsants in patients with uncontrolled epilepsy]. PMID- 7270079 TI - [General principles of drug therapy in epileptic syndromes]. PMID- 7270080 TI - [Annual report of the activities of the service of diagnosis, therapy and prevention of epileptic syndromes at the Neurological Clinic of Messina for the years 1978 and 1979]. PMID- 7270081 TI - [Neurological syndromes caused by hemoblastosis, including the infectious and iatrogenic complications of the nervous system]. PMID- 7270082 TI - Effects of chronic vitamin E deficiency on the nervous system of the rat. AB - Light- and electron-microscopic studies were carried out on the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of vitamin E-deficient rats. Extensive axonal degeneration and dystrophic changes were observed in posterior columns and their medullary relay nuclei, respectively. The changes were more prominent in gracile tracts and nuclei than cuneate tracts and nuclei. Alteration in the PNS were less severe than those in the CNS. The posterior roots and sciatic nerves showed only a mild degree of axonal degeneration, while more distal segments of axons in s.c. nerves, in cutaneous sensory corpuscles, and in muscle spindles of hind paws were more severely affected. The neurons in the dorsal root ganglia showed only accumulation of lipofuscin. The above findings in chronic vitamin E deficiency indicate that (a) in addition to the degeneration of central extensions of sensory neurons, their peripheral axons are also affected, (b) the distribution of lesions is similar to those seen in distal axonopathies or a "dying back" process. PMID- 7270083 TI - Occult malignant astrocytoma of pons with extracranial metastasis to bone prior to craniotomy. PMID- 7270084 TI - Olivary enlargement: chronological and morphometric analyses. AB - Chronologic and morphometric changes in the inferior olivary nucleus of the human medulla oblongata were studied in eight cases of primary pontine hemorrhage with different survival periods. To measure the olivary areas and analyze the neuronal and glial components, an optic electronic planimeter was used. A desk-top computer was also used for the calculation of the obtained data. The olivary enlargement was observed in cases with survival periods ranging from 3 weeks after the onset to 9.5 months. A morphometric analysis revealed six different stages of olivary changes after the destruction of the central tegmental tract in the pons: (1) no olivary changes, (2) olivary amiculum degeneration, (3) olivary hypertrophy, (4) culminant olivary enlargement, (5) olivary pseudohypertrophy, and (6) olivary atrophy. In stage (3) - noticed here for the first time -, neuronal cellular hypertrophy and sclerotic neurons with "insect-bite appearance" were observed. In stages (4) and (5), we also found the presence of prominent gemistocytic astrocytes in the characteristically enlarged inferior olivary nuclei. However, no proliferation of astrocytes during the olivary enlargement was confirmed in the morphometric analysis. PMID- 7270085 TI - Abnormal leptomeninges and vessels causing fetal hydrocephalus: diagnosis of hydrocephalus at 19 weeks gestation by ultrasound. PMID- 7270086 TI - Gliomatosis cerebri diffusa. A case report. AB - The clinico-pathologic findings in an additional case of gliomatosis cerebri are reported: a 60-year-old woman died 8 months after the onset of a progressive deterioration of both the neurologic and mental conditions. Neuropathologic examination disclosed wide demyelination of both hemispheres, communicating through the corpus callosum, extending downward along the internal capsule to the brainstem structures. Cellular stains showed the presence of elongated astrocytes, multinucleated cells, mitotic and anaplastic figures, involving the demyelinated areas and the neighboring regions, and allowed the diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri diffusa. The nosologic and pathogenetic aspects of this rare entity are discussed. PMID- 7270087 TI - Ultrastructure of disseminated choroid plexus papilloma. AB - A disseminated choroid plexus papilloma (DCPP) with a malignant change in the cervico-spinal leptomeninges observed 4 years after the removal of choroid plexus papilloma (CPP), originating from the fourth ventricle, was studied under the electron microscope. Although the ultrastructure of intracranial CPP has been reported by several authors, there are just a few reports on DCPP. The present tumor was ultrastructurally very similar to normal choroid plexus, but the lack of the capillary fenestration and of invaginations of the epithelial basal plasmalemmas suggested that the epithelium was deprived of secretory function. PMID- 7270088 TI - An unusual organelle in a case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - A new organelle found in a case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is described. It was located at the periphery of a regenerated myofibre close to a satellite cell. It was roughly spherical in shape and 0.30-0.35 micrometers in diameter. Its internal structure was examined in serial and tilted sections, and consisted of parallel arrays of laminae or, possibly, filaments. The nature of the organelle is briefly discussed. PMID- 7270089 TI - Effect of an oral contraceptive on uterine tonicity in women with primary dysmenorrhea. AB - Hysterometry, a method for quantitative evaluation of the effect of pharmacologically active agents on the myometrium, has been applied to determine the effect of an oral contraceptive on uterine tonicity. Hysterometry was performed on the first day of each of two consecutive menstrual periods in 5 dysmenorrheic women. During the second cycle the women were given ethinylestradiol 50 microgram and lynestrenol 1 mg per day for 22 days. After the intake of this oral contraceptive, uterine tonicity decreased in all women, the decrease being accompanied by relief of dysmenorrheic pain. PMID- 7270090 TI - Vaginal application of a chemotherapeutic agent before legal abortion. A way of reducing infectious complication? AB - In an attempt to reduce the incidence of infectious complications after first trimester legal abortion 199 healthy, early pregnant women were treated with chloroquinaldol (SterosanR vaginal jelly) during six days before their vacuum aspiration. A group of 291 women served as control. In the treatment group 18 women (9%) had a postoperative gynecological infection while this condition was found in 37 women (12.8%) in the control group. This difference is not statistically significant. The authors conclude that preoperative prophylactic treatment with Sterosan vaginal jelly does not seem to reduce postoperative infectious complications after first trimester legal abortions. PMID- 7270091 TI - The acute effect of metoclopramide on plasma prolactin during pregnancy. AB - The effect of metoclopramide on plasma prolactin levels was studied in 10 women in the second half of pregnancy. The IV injection of 10 mg metoclopramide produces a significant rise in prolactin in 15 minutes, a peak of up to 6.5-fold over basal levels at 30 minutes and a sustained significant elevation for at least 4 hours. The results of this study indicate that maternal plasma protein levels although elevated, are still under inhibitory control and that the prolactin releasing capacity of the pituitary is maintained during pregnancy. The elevated hyperprolactinemia induced by metoclopramide may be of help in investigating the role of prolactin in human pregnancy. PMID- 7270092 TI - Plasma and red blood cell folate during normal pregnancies. AB - Plasma and red cell folate concentrations (Lactobacillus casei activity) have been studied in 43 women during pregnancy. Iron, but no folic acid supplement was given. The plasma folate concentrations decreased significantly during pregnancy and were lower than in the reference cases at term. The red cell folate concentrations were compatible with the reference material during early pregnancy, and significantly higher than the reference material at term. A significant decrease was observed during the last two months of pregnancy. The plasma folate and the red cell folate concentrations at different stages of pregnancy were correlated and a relationship was demonstrated between these parameters at different stages of pregnancy. The hemoglobin concentrations were compatible with the reference material during early pregnancy and at term. One hundred and sixty-six women were also studied at term to evaluate the effect of repeated pregnancies on the folate status. Repeated pregnancies did not influence the plasma and red cell folate concentrations at term. We conclude that the folate intake is adequate to meet the increased requirements during pregnancy, and folic acid supplementation is therefore not recommended as a routine in normal pregnancies in this population. PMID- 7270093 TI - Amphetamine addiction and pregnancy. II. Pregnancy, delivery and the neonatal period. Socio-medical aspects. AB - The adverse effects of amphetamine addiction during pregnancy and the neonatal period were studied in 69 Swedish women. Almost one-third of the women (Group I) succeeded in overcoming their addiction in early pregnancy. The women in Group I (n = 17), unlike those in Group II (n = 53), received the same amount of prenatal care as the average Swedish woman. An increased rate of preterm deliveries (25%) as well as a higher perinatal mortality (7.5%) was found in Group II. During the neonatal period an increased incidence of mother-infant separation was found since many of the infants (46%) were transferred to pediatric wards for medical and social reasons. All newborns in Group I and 74% of infants born to mothers with continuous amphetamine addiction throughout pregnancy remained in their mother's custody following discharge from the maternity clinic. PMID- 7270094 TI - Respiratory distress associated with elective repeat cesarean section. A two-year experience in one medical community. AB - One hundred and forty-five elective repeat cesarean sections performed in one large medical community during a two-year period were studied. Ninety-nine of the patients had no prenatal test for determination of pulmonary or fetal maturity; 18 patients had an amniocentesis for L/S ratio. Only two infants were thought to be delivered prematurely, at 37 weeks gestational age. One of these infants had no respiratory distress. The other infant was delivered before the EDC by menstrual dates because a single ultrasound measurement performed one week before delivery suggested a "term fetus", and this infant had severe hyaline membrane disease. Six other infants had mild respiratory distress compatible with transient tachypnea or aspiration. In this medical community, one must question whether the risk of routine amniocentesis for L/S ratio before every elective repeat cesarean section might outweigh the potential benefits of the procedure. PMID- 7270095 TI - The implication of a low implantation of the placenta detected by ultrasonography in early pregnancy. AB - Ultrasonic scanning in the first and early in the second trimester of pregnancy showed a high incidence (18 per cent) of possible placenta previa. A placenta which reached onto the internal cervical os but did not cover it in early pregnancy was found to be in the upper segment at a repeat scanning in the third trimester. The placenta which covered the internal cervical os either partially or completely was associated with a higher incidence of bleeding, abortion and placenta previa which was confirmed at repeated ultrasonic examination and at delivery. PMID- 7270096 TI - Menstrual status and menopausal age of middle-aged Swedish women. A population study of women in Goteborg 1968--69 and 1974--75. AB - A population study of women in Goteborg, Sweden, was carried out in 1968--69. Altogether 1 462 women participated (participation rate 90.1 per cent). Five age strata were studied: 38, 46, 50, 54 and 60 (women born in 1930, 1922, 1918, 1914 and 1908, respectively). The same women were re-studied in 1974--75. At this time 1 302 women participated, corresponding to 89.1 per cent of those studied in 1968 -69 and 80.3 per cent of those initially sampled. The vast majority of the women had a natural menopause. The median age at the menopause was found to be about 50. The criteria for definition of menopause are discussed. No support was found for the theory of increased menopausal age with time. Estrogen therapy of postmenopausal women was found to be much more common in 1974--75 than in 1968- 69. PMID- 7270097 TI - Surface ultrastructure of amniotic fluid cells and fetal tissues of the Rhesus monkey. AB - Amniotic fluid cytology is considered to reflect other organ maturity more faithfully than the L/S ratio. In order to assess the origin of amniotic fluid cells a pilot study was undertaken in the Rhesus monkey with the purpose of correlating the surface ultrastructure of amniotic fluid cells and various tissues facing, or communicating with the amniotic cavity. Three distinct cell types were found in the amniotic fluid, out of which two were obviously related to maturational events in fetal skin. The remaining cell type seemed to be derived from umbilical cord, fetal vagina and to some extent oral mucosa. No exfoliation was observed in the urinary bladder, trachea, lungs or amniotic membranes. It is concluded that correlation of cytology and tissue surface morphology in the monkey amniotic fluid compartment may give clues to the origin of amniotic fluid cells in the human. PMID- 7270098 TI - In vivo localization and turnover of radio-iodinated HCG in women with myomas and in nude mice with ovarian tumor heterografts. AB - Specific localization in vivo of marked, 131I-labelled human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was shown by scintillation counting of different tissues to occur in rat ovarian tumor, but not in human Krukenberg tumor heterografts growing subcutaneously in female nude mice. The ovaries of the mice showed an increased uptake. This model system may be useful for studying gonadotrophin receptors and gonadotrophin dependency of human ovarian tumors. A similar study in menstruating women about to be operated upon because of myoma showed a remarkably high uptake in the corpus luteum, but binding also in ovarian follicles. The increased uptake of the radioactivity observed in the ovaries enabled preliminary scanning. This unique specificity of uptake may offer new possibilities in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors. The general turnover of the 131I-HCG in these women is described and applied to a mathematical model. High relative concentrations of 131I were also seen in urine and saliva. PMID- 7270099 TI - Uterine cellular stromal infiltration. A diagnostic problem. AB - Extreme pleomorphic stromal cellular infiltration of the cervix and the corpus uteri was demonstrated by curettage in a 29-year-old woman with menorrhagia. The histological classification was not decisive and a hysterectomy was performed. The histological picture may be compatible with a malignant disease such as a stromal sarcoma or a lymphoma of Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin type, or with an inflammatory or immunologic disease. The clinical course, however, indicates a benign disease. PMID- 7270100 TI - Free calcium ion concentration in pregnancy. A longitudinal study on 22 normal pregnant women. AB - 302 samples from 22 normal pregnancies were frozen and kept for the analysis of free calcium ion concentration [Ca2+](7.4) at 37 degrees C and pH 7.40, after equilibration with CO2. Individual regressions were performed, and the concentration was found to increase slightly but significantly (5%, p less than 0.005) with the progress of the pregnancy. This increase excludes hypocalcemia as the cause of parathyroid overactivity during pregnancy, and a higher set point of the parathyrin (PTH) secretion is suggested. PMID- 7270101 TI - Symphysis-fundus measurement in prediction of fetal growth disturbances. AB - Graphic supervision of pregnancy by symphysisfundus (SF) tape measurement was introduced in an area of north Stockholm in 1972. Subsequently a considerable and persistent drop in perinatal mortality was seen. SF-tape measurements reflect the fetal growth and correlate well with fetal crown-rump length. Over a 2-year period SF-growth data were collected for all infants admitted to the neonatal unit in the area. In all, 812 singletons were studied. Maternal smoking habits in the first trimester were recorded. A group of 283 normal neonates served as controls. A highly significant statistical difference was found on comparing the mean birth weights of infants associated with high, "normal", and low and/or static SF-curves from 34 weeks of gestation and onwards. The sensitivity in detecting LGA infants by high SF-curves was 74%, with a specificity of 84%. The proportion of mothers with uncertain expected dates of confinement (EDC) was high among those having "normal" SF-curves, yet giving birth to SGA infants. After correction for gestational age, the SF-curves adjusted for dates were in most cases low and/or static during the weeks prior to delivery. The sensitivity and specificity would thereby have increased to 95% and 93%, respectively, in detecting SGA infants had their dates been certain. Maternal smoking showed an overall incidence of 37% in the first trimester. No increase in incidence was seen among mothers to preterm infants. There was as could be expected a highly increased ratio of smoking mothers to infants with birth weight less than -1 S.D., regardless of gestational age. SF-tape measurement is recommended as a graphic method of supervising pregnancy for the detection of accelerated and retarded fetal growth. Early and correct determination of gestational age, however, is a prerequisite. PMID- 7270102 TI - How Swedish obstetricians manage hypertension in pregnancy. A questionnaire study. AB - One hundred and seventy-nine obstetricians in Sweden answered a questionnaire on the management of pregnant women with hypertension. A similar study on English practice has been published earlier. In mild hypertension, 33% of the obstetricians did not prescribe medical treatment at all, while in more severe cases almost all of them would recommend a combination of hydralazine and diuretics or betablockers. There was a considerable unanimity in the replies about what treatment a patient with hypertension could use or should stop using during pregnancy. In comparison with English obstetricians the Swedish colleagues seldom consider termination of pregnancy in hypertension during early pregnancy. PMID- 7270103 TI - Accuracy of fetal sex determination by ultrasound. AB - The accuracy of fetal sex determination was tested in 101 consecutive pregnancies routinely examined by ultrasound in the 32nd gestational week. Sex determination was done when penis/scrotum or vulva could be discerned between the thighs of the fetus. Fetal sex could be determined in 75 per cent of the male infants and in 73 per cent of the females. The wrong sex was determined in 3 per cent of all examinations. In 25 and 21 per cent of female and male fetuses respectively sex determination could not be accomplished. The results were better in the 32nd than in the 38th week. The significance of fetal sex determinations is discussed. PMID- 7270104 TI - A prospective study of postpartum mycosis in infants. PMID- 7270105 TI - Ovarian pregnancy in IUD-users. AB - Three cases of ovarian pregnancy are reported in the presence of an intrauterine device, bringing the total number of reported cases to 53. The literature concerning the frequency, the possible mechanism and some clinical characteristics of ovarian pregnancy is summarized. PMID- 7270106 TI - Hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea induced by metoclopamide (PrimperanR). AB - Secondary amenorrhea, elicited by metoclopamide (PrimperanR) induced hyperprolactinemia, was found in a 24-year-old woman. Withdrawal of the drug was followed by normalization of the hyperprolactinemia, as well as the menses. For many years metoclopamide (PrimperanR) has been used for various dyspeptic inconveniences, such as gastro-esophageal reflux, ventricular rentention and postoperative tarm-atom. Well-known secondary effects are reported to be drowsiness, uneasiness, restlessness and extra-pyramidal secondary effects in the form of acute dystom. The present case of secondary amenorrhea caused by metoclopamide (PrimperanR) induced hyperprolactinemia has been verified clinically, serologically and by treatment. PMID- 7270108 TI - Herpes genitalis and gonorrhea in association with cervical carcinoma. PMID- 7270107 TI - Oxytocinase activity in epidural anesthesia. PMID- 7270110 TI - Photographic studies of the larynx in central laryngeal paresis and paralysis. AB - Characteristic patterns of laryngeal dysfunction due to central neurologic disease are documented by 16 mm cine photography. Representative patients are used to describe typical patterns of abnormal laryngeal function which occur in upper motor neuron, extrapyramidal, cerebellar, nuclear and mixed foci of lesions. The pitfall of brief indirect laryngoscopy without visual documentation is emphasized as a factor in misdiagnosis of patients with laryngeal disease of central origin. The value of more careful evaluation of similar patients is emphasized in relation to better understanding of laryngeal function and improved patient care. PMID- 7270109 TI - The human larynx at the end of the embryonic period proper. I. The laryngeal and infrahyoid muscles and their innervation. AB - The larynx at stage 23 (about 27-32 mm C-R, 8 postovulatory weeks) is being studied in detail, and findings on the musculature and its innervation are presented here. Serial sections of six embryos all belonging to the one developmental stage were investigated and compared, and graphic reconstructions were made from five of the specimens. All the infrahyoid and most of the major laryngeal muscles are present, and their innervation follows closely the adult pattern. The ary-epiglottic and thyro-epiglottic apparently may or may not be identifiable. The vocalis is beginning to differentiate and is noted here in the embryonic period proper for the first time. The histological degree of development of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles is not as advanced as that of adjacent muscles in the neck, including the infrahyoid group. Variation within this one stage of development are small but definite. They include differences in the position, level, and shape of the skeletal components, and the precise position and extent of development of some of the muscles. PMID- 7270111 TI - Ethics in otolaryngology. AB - All organic life has a code of behavior that is predetermined by the laws of survival and propagation. Some of these codes and systems are curiously complicated, yet each behavioral pattern contains the moral and ethical laws that endorse survival. This single axiom is the over-riding ethic. Man has added inventions, dexterity and feeling to the living program, and this has increased the complexity of moral and ethical conduct. It is in this milieu of interrelations, which is beyond physical survival, where our conscience and our performance must try to equate our sense of right. With millions of years of atavistic inheritance in the brutal struggle for survival it would be unrealistic to believe that Man could accomplish this easily, or ever completely. It also injects the question as to whether this is the basic normative for humans, or whether it is an emotional addendum in what is identified as a civilizing process. In ancient times, ethics was a derivative of philosophical thinking. Today it is enmeshed in the management of ceaseless and sophisticated technical and scientific advances which have religious, sociological and legal implications which are energized by human emotion and personal opinion, and which, in some instances, present problems which can be solved only partially or are unsolvable. The medical profession is in the midst of this turmoil. PMID- 7270112 TI - Computer-aided reconstruction of the endolymphatic sac. PMID- 7270113 TI - Otic placode and cephalic neural crest. PMID- 7270114 TI - Volumetric and dimensional measurements of vestibular structures in the squirrel monkey. AB - Temporal bones of squirrel monkeys which were sectioned either in the routine horizontal plane or in the exact plane of lateral semicircular canal, were used for the volumetric and dimensional measurements. Endolymphatic volumes of utriculus, sacculus, lateral ampulla, lateral semicircular duct, and some related perilymphatic volumes were measured with the aid of a computer. The sizes of the duct-ampulla junction, ampulla-utriculus junction, duct-utriculus junction, etc. were also measured. The endolymphatic volume in the lateral ampulla was about 50% greater than that in the lateral semicircular duct. The endolymphatic volume involved in the rotation in the lateral canal plane was 2.188 mm3. Among those the utriculus was about half and the other half was the ampulla plus the duct. Furthermore, we measured the circumferences of the membranous semicircular ducts both in freshly dissected materials and in processed temporal bones. A statistically significant difference (p less than 0.01) was found between them. The actual tissue shrinkage factor was 9.2-9.3%. PMID- 7270116 TI - Low-tone perceptive hearing loss. PMID- 7270115 TI - The physiological influence of sound on the cochlea metabolism. PMID- 7270117 TI - Stereociliary dysfunction, a case of sensory hearing loss, recruitment, poor speech discrimination and tinnitus. AB - The following hypothesis is presented: A dysfunction of the hair cell cilia, either in the form of ciliary pathology or as a temporary loss of ciliary stiffness, both of which are documented, ought to lead to a partial decoupling of the involved hair cells from the tectorial membrane. Consequently, 1) energy transmission should be attenuated (= hearing loss), 2) the noise level at the hair cell input should be increased (= tinnitus) and, owing to the concomitant center-clipping of the signal waveform, 3) the input/output function should become steeper (= recruitment) and 4) the formant structure of speech should be largely destroyed (= relatively poor speech discrimination). The above signs and symptoms are characteristic of a number of acute cochlear disorders and would thus find a common explanation. PMID- 7270118 TI - Outer hair cells: sharpness of tuning. PMID- 7270119 TI - Degeneration and regeneration processes in experimental facial nerve paralysis. AB - Facial nerve paralysis was provoked by compression of its extratemporal portion in rabbits and the degeneration and regeneration of the nerve fibres was studied ultrastructurally. The compression was removed to study the regenerative process in one group of animals. Axonal and myelin degeneration were the first events seen as a collagen tissue proliferation from the endoneurium and perineurium. Ultimately all the nerve was transformed into fibrous tissue. The myelin was disintegrated by Schwann's cells without any macrophagic activity. The regeneration process begins by the axons, that are orientated towards Bungner's bands of remnants of the Schwann's cells, in which a new myelin sheath appears. Schwann's cells play an important role, in both the degeneration and the regeneration process. The final aspect of the regenerated fibres is similar to normal but they contain more collagen tissue, thinner myelin sheaths, and a greater proportion of unmyelinated fibres. PMID- 7270120 TI - New techniques for optimum reconstruction of the facial nerve in its extemporal course. AB - Microsurgery of the facial nerve has resulted in a great progress by regaining, thanks to its various techniques, not only the voluntary movements of the face but in addition also the emotional expressive motility. It has become evident, however, that one disadvantage is always unavoidable even in the most subtle reconstructive measures: the development of mass-movements. It is the aim of our work to reduce these mass-movements, or even better to prevent their occurrence right from the beginning. We have therefore developed the diversification method. The human face is divided into two functional spheres: the upper face and the lower face. Reinnervation of both facial regions is achieved by two nerves: the upper face by means of the original facial nerve (with intercalation of a free nerve transplant), and the lower face by means of a hypoglossofacial anastomosis. The advantages of this combined operation technique and its neurophysiologic basis are described in detail. PMID- 7270122 TI - Meniere's disease in males and females. PMID- 7270121 TI - Vestibular nerve findings in 150 neurectomized patients. AB - Vestibular nerve specimens obtained at neurectomy were studied by light and electron microscopy in 150 patients with various neuro-otological disorders. The vestibular nerve was considered morphologically normal in only 20% of the cases but the changes observed in most cases were interpreted as artifacts or physiological changes of aging. In nearly half of the cases there was excessive fibrosis of the perineurium or endoneurium of the vestibular nerve, or occurrence of glial tissue within or near Scarpa's ganglion. When these changes are of moderate or severe degree, they may be of pathological significance. Severe nerve cell destruction with subsequent fibrosis, indicating primary neuropathy, was found in four cases. PMID- 7270123 TI - The role of the labyrinth in standing posture regulation. PMID- 7270124 TI - Physiological chemistry of cochlear duct. PMID- 7270125 TI - Study of the mesenchymal clearance factor and its importance in the middle ear pneumatization process in rat and in man. AB - An histological study on human and rat embryos and foetuses is presented. In all specimens middle ear pneumatization depended on the correlation between the tubal epithelium development and the mesenchymal absorption. The study of the mastoid pneumatization implies a conceptual development of the chronic otitis media pathogenesis and therefore represents a problem as old as otology itself. It is interesting to recall that the first otologist reached a conceptual idea of chronic otitis media long before the acute one. The initial differentiation was established depending on the duration of the discharge. It is evident that this finding was not sufficient to define chronic otitis, and as R. Bartual (1970) points out, the persistence of a tympanic membrane perforation was later used by the early otologist to differentiate the chronic otitis from the acute one. PMID- 7270126 TI - The intratemporal course of the facial nerve and its influence on the development of the ossicular chain. AB - Analysis of the information obtained from more than 110 malformations of the external and middle ear operated upon by the author (Gerhardt) leads to speculation as to their course of development. Of particular interest are the varying types of stapes malformations and the influence of variations in the course of the facial nerve on the development and shaping of the stapes. In the light of clinical examples, an attempt was made to interpret the variations in the course of the facial nerve and certain forms of stapes and incus malformation on the basis of the developmental processes in the area of the skull base and of the brain. PMID- 7270127 TI - Experimental studies of cholesteatomas. In vivo studies on epithelial-mesenchymal interaction and bone resorption in the immunodeficient "nude" mouse. AB - A model for studying different aspects of human cholesteatomas in vivo and in the immunodeficient "nude" mouse is described. Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction was studied in human cholesteatoma membranes, transplanted to the flank region. Findings of cystic lesions lined by stratified keratinizing epithelium were frequent, and the connective tissue reaction was weak. Furthermore, human cholesteatoma membranes were transplanted into the middle ear cavity of 'nude' mice. After 21-28 days, bone resorption was found in the labyrinthine capsule, but not always with signs of inflammation. PMID- 7270128 TI - The tunica propria in rhinoscleroma. An electron microscopic study. AB - The ultrastructure in 15 cases of scleroma was studied. The vacuoles of the Mikulicz cells had a definite limiting membrane containing two types of granular material, "A" considered to be antibody, and "B" considered antigenic. Inside the vacuoles infrequent beaded filamentous crystalloid structures were seen, probably of a proteinaceous nature. An enzymatic etiology causing disruption of the limiting vacuolar membrane was considered. New ultrastructural characteristics of the 'early' Mikulicz cell are described. The capillaries occasionally showed subendothelial amyloid deposition. The seromucinous glands were infrequent but of normal character. PMID- 7270129 TI - Experimental studies of the human nasal air-conditioning capacity. AB - Nasal air-conditioning capacity was measured in human subjects by a method reported in 1977, which enables determinations to be made in each nasal cavity separately without introducing a foreign occluding structure between the soft palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall. The enthalpy for vaporization and for the warming of the air and the water vapour can be calculated separately. The error due to the escape of air from the lower airways, measured with both carbon dioxide and helium as tracer, was found usually to be about 1%, but sometimes greater. By varying the air flow through the relevant nasal cavity it was found that the maximum air conditioning capacity had still not been reached at 7 l/min. However, the patient suffered discomfort at flows in excess of 5 l/min. The nasal air conditioning capacity was lower at night than in the daytime. The total enthalpy and vaporization decreases with age. PMID- 7270130 TI - Comparison of preoperative and postoperative radiation therapy for patients with carcinoma of the head and neck. Interim report. AB - Three hundred and fifty-four patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, supraglottic larynx, hypopharynx or maxillary sinus have been randomized for preoperative radiation therapy and surgery versus surgery and postoperative radiation therapy plus, in the case of patients with lesions of the oral cavity and oropharynx, radical radiation therapy. Data have been analyzed on 320 patients in this interim report. In the supraglottic larynx group local regional control is significantly better for surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. The treatment differences in local-regional control in the oral cavity oropharynx and hypopharynx groups are not statistically significant. No statistically significant treatment differences exist for survival in all sites or in any site; continued follow-up is necessary to make definite treatment comparisons. PMID- 7270131 TI - Laryngectomia cum neoglottis phonatoria. PMID- 7270132 TI - Low grade intravascular coagulation in rhabdomyosarcoma (a fibrinogen kinetic study in vivo). PMID- 7270133 TI - Blood coagulation in healthy and severely ill newborn infants. AB - Normal values of blood coagulation factors were investigated in 30 healthy newborn infants. On the basis of these normal standards 8 infants with DIC were evaluated. All of them had serious underlying diseases. By appropriate treatment of the primary disorder and replacement of depleted procoagulants, the bleeding disorder disappeared in six of eight patients without heparinization. Diagnostic criteria and management of neonatal disseminated intravascular coagulation are discussed. PMID- 7270134 TI - Uric acid in a single urine sample from neonates with perinatal hypoxia. AB - In a referral neonatal intensive care unit, PaO2 values of 40 newborn infants were compared with the serum and urinary uric acid levels. The latter was estimated from the first urine obtained after admission. A significant inverse correlation was found between PaO2 and serum uric acid concentration and between PaO2 and urinary uric acid per creatinine ratio, but no correlation was seen between PaO2 and urinary uric acid concentration. The urinary uric acid per creatinine ratio was determined on the 1st, 2nd and 5th days of life in 27 normal prematures, 28 hypoxic prematures, 23 normal full-term infants and 25 hypoxic full-term neonates. Significantly higher values were obtained in both hypoxic groups on the 1st day, and in hypoxic prematures even on the 2nd day. Although creatinine as a reference substance is regarded as unreliable in the neonatal period, if a single urine sample is only available, determination fo the uric acid per creatinine ratio seems to be warranted, since higher values may retrospectively point to hypoxia. PMID- 7270135 TI - Variation in number of infant deaths by day of week in one county during the ten year-period 1969-1978. PMID- 7270136 TI - Haematuria: glomerular or non-glomerular? Urinary protein fractions in monosymptomatic haematuria. PMID- 7270137 TI - Experimental round window membrane rupture. AB - An increase of perilymphatic fluid pressure was found to be an important factor in the aetiology of round window membrane rupture. The critical pressure causing membrane rupture, as determined in anaesthetized cats, was in the range of 10-30 mm Hg (mean, 23.4 +/- 17.1). This value was compared to the pressure increases caused by thoracic and abdominal compression, cervical strangulation, forced Trendelenburg position, coughing, and sneezing. PMID- 7270138 TI - 40 years' work of a paediatric surgical ward. AB - The overall activity of the Surgical Ward of the Children's Department, University Medical School of Pecs, was analysed in the 40-year period of 1940 1980 in order to illustrate the rapid development in the surgical care of infants and children. A scoring system, based on the magnitude of surgical interventions and patient age, was worked out to prove this progress. The most remarkable feature of the development of paediatric surgery is that more skillful and time consuming surgery is required in much younger patients. In order to meet the higher demands, the conditions of such a service should further be improved. PMID- 7270139 TI - Manifestations of death consciousness and the fear of death in children suffering from malignant disease. AB - The consciousness of death and the fear of death are analysed, and their symptoms, especially as they manifest themselves in children with chronic lethal disease, mostly tumours and leukaemia, are described. Fear of death is not often expressed by direct verbal communication; sometimes it is manifest in illusions, jokes, plays, dreams, etc. Basically, it is a fear of separation. One should struggle against it until the last moment with occupational therapy, regular teaching, free visiting time, frequent permissions to go home, activity, affection and love. PMID- 7270140 TI - Growth hormone deficiency: clinical appearance and results of treatment. PMID- 7270141 TI - Separate renal function in children with vesicoureteric reflux. PMID- 7270142 TI - Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. PMID- 7270143 TI - Sex reversal in childhood. Theoretical and psychological aspects. PMID- 7270144 TI - Ring chromosome 15 syndrome. PMID- 7270146 TI - Squamous metaplasia with reserve cell hyperplasia in the esophagogastric junction zone. AB - The entire mucosa of the esophagogastric junction zone (E.G.J.) was examined histologically in 63 cases of total gastrectomy and 47 cases of esophageal resection. The squamocolumnar junction in E.G.J. was classified into three types, 1. Clear-cut demarcation type was found in 21 (19%) out of the total 110 cases, 2. Subepithelial inclusions of ectopic gastric epithelium type in 81 (74%) out of 110 cases, and 3. Barrett esophagus type in 8 (7%) out of 110 cases. By the primary disease, 4 out of 8 cases of type 3 were found in the cases of esophageal ulcer, and 4 were present in the cases of esophageal cancer. The mucosa of E.G.J. showed a squamous metaplasia with reserve cell hyperplasia as in the cervix uteri. The reserve cell hyperplasia was observed in 26(24%) out of 110 cases, and there were two cases which showed atypical change and nodular proliferation. The reserve cell hyperplasia and its atypical change were considered to be one of the sites for the development of squamous cell carcinoma in the junction zone. It was suggested that the primary site of squamous cell carcinoma in E.G.J. was not limited to the esophageal flat stratified squamous epithelium. PMID- 7270145 TI - Two sisters with severe hemophilia A. PMID- 7270147 TI - Lysosomes in healing process of arterial fibrinoid degeneration in hypertensive rats. AB - Twelve 3-week-old, Wistar inbred rats were made hypertensive by bilateral constriction of renal arteries with silver clip. At 3-8 weeks after induction of hypertension, nodular lesions of mesenteric arteries were biopsied, and constricting clips were removed. At 5-28 days after removal of the clips, the animals were killed. Systolic blood pressure of the rats was 200mm Hg and over before removal of the clips, and decreased at the time when they were sacrificed. Ultrastructurally, modified smooth muscle cells were seen among the fibrinoid substance during healing process of fibrinoid degeneration in the intima. Fine cytoplasmic processes of these cells contained numerous lysosomes. The fibrinoid substance became reticular and reduced its density. The cytoplasmic processes with lysosomes were seen neither in the biopsied specimens nor in the tissues which showed cellulofibrous intimal thickening. Lysosomal enzymes were considered to increase in the modified smooth muscle cell during healing process of the fibrinoid degeneration. The enzymes were believed to be discharged extracellularly and to digest the fibrinoid substance partially. The partially dissolved substance might be phagocytized by the modified smooth muscle cells to form vacuoles of a medium electron density. PMID- 7270148 TI - Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma--a clinicopathologic and electron microscopic study. AB - This clinicopathologic study concerns 14 cases of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma from among 603 cases of soft tissue sarcomas. The ages of the patients at the time of initial biopsy ranged from 16 to 69 years. The tumors mainly arose in the lower extremities including buttocks (10 cases), and consisted histologically in cords and strands of small acidophilic cells with occasional vacuolated cells in an abundant myxoid matrix composed of chondroitin sulfate. Electron microscopy in four revealed a continuum of cell differentiation of the tumor cells from chondroblastic cell to undifferentiated mesenchymal cell. Morphological studies indicated that the extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma included so-called chordoid sarcoma, as a variant. PMID- 7270149 TI - An electron microscopic study on the reticuloendothelial cells in the lymph nodes. AB - In an attempt to clarify the cytological characteristics of the RES cells in the lymph nodes and their embryological correlations, lymph nodes and lymph node anlages of germ-free rats, nude mice, and human fetuses were light and electron microscopically examined. On the basis of differences of intracellular organelles, their behaviors for reticulum fibers and of endogeneous peroxidatic activity, histiocytes should be reasonably distinguished from the cells conventionally called reticulum cells. Reticulum cells and histiocytes respectively are destined to differentiate in different directions from the early stage of development of the lymph node anlage. Sinus endothelial cells are ontogenetically originated and differentiated from the endothelial lining cells of lymphatic vessels. Primitive reticular cells are differentiated into mature reticulum cells in the lymph nodes, they transform into the lympho-reticular cells, further into lymphoblasts, and finally develop into medium-sized lymphocytes. PMID- 7270150 TI - An ultrastructural study of the primary follicle in the lymph node. AB - The present authors have studied the cellular composition of the primary follicle (PF) in the germ-free rat lymph nodes and the development of PF in the human lymph node anlages by using the light- and the electron microscopy. According to the ultrastructural study, the cellular composition of PF in the germ-free rat lymph nodes and classified into five cell types, 1) lymphocytic cells (small and medium-sized lymphocytes), 2) large lymphocytes (= large germinal center cells), 3) reticulum cells with desmosomes (RED), 4) desmodendric cells (DDC), and 5) histiocytes. The interstitial cells with desmosome are classified into DDC and RED based on the relationship to collagenous fibers and the morphological differences. There are amorphous electron-dense intercellular materials among the cytoplasmic processes of DDC, which are distinguished from histiocytes based on the morphological differences. PF emerges as a spherical aggregation of young DDC straight underneath the marginal sinus in the outer cortex of the human embryonal lymph node anlages on the 16th fetal week. PMID- 7270151 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the heart colliding with atrial myxoma. PMID- 7270152 TI - Sandhoff disease. AB - An autopsy case of Sandhoff disease in a 2-year-old boy is reported. Diagnosis was established by enzyme assay, which demonstrated total deficiency of hexosaminidase in the serum. Histochemical examination, using hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) and Luxol fast blue (LFB) stain, showed accumulation of LFB-positive material not only in cells of the cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system, but also in reticuloendothelial cells of the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and liver, in podocytes of renal glomeruli, in all types of renal tubular cells, in endothelial cells of small vessels, in fibroblasts, and in epithelial cells of the epididymis and ductus deferens. Electron microscopic examination showed that these deposits contained electrondense membranous bodies. Lipid analysis demonstrated a marked elevation of ganglioside GM2 and its asialo derivative in the brain and liver. Accumulation of globoside was found in the liver, kidney, and spleen. There was complete absence of hexosaminidase in the brain and liver. PMID- 7270153 TI - Amyloidosis--intrafollicular amyloid in normal parathyroid glands. PMID- 7270154 TI - Tumor classification by electron microscopy of fine needle aspiration biopsy material. AB - The application of fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology to tumor diagnosis and classification is gaining increased acceptance. The classification of some poorly differentiated tumors may prove particularly difficult for the cytologist as well as for the pathologist. In such cases electron microscopic examination of fine needle aspiration biopsy material can be of great assistance. A simple, yet dependable, technique is described for the study of such material. The method has been shown to be of decisive importance in the classification of 80% of a selected series of cases submitted to ultrastructural analysis. Using this method, a preoperative diagnosis can be obtained in otherwise equivocal cases. PMID- 7270155 TI - Early morphological changes following gamma irradiation. A comparison of human pituitary tumours and human acoustic neurinomas (schwannomas). AB - The in vitro system was used to study early ultrastructural effects following gamma irradiation of human pituitary adenomas and neurinomas with 30 and 70 Gy single doses, respectively. The acoustic neurinoma cells showed a large number of intracellular myelin figures and vesiculation of cytoplasm. The pituitary tumour cells showed vacuolization of cytoplasm and cell organelles. Occasionally, electron-dense cytoplasmic inclusion bodies with a fibrillar substructure occurred. The differences between the two types of tumours in irradiation-induced morphological changes may indicate differences in their biochemical structure and metabolic activities. The morphological findings after irradiation of specimens from all four neurinomas were rather similar after the same length of time but the structural alterations of pituitary cells differed considerably between individual tumours. The 70 Gy dose caused more rapidly-occurring morphological alterations than the 30 Gy single dose. PMID- 7270156 TI - A case of papillary-cystic epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas. AB - A 16-year-old girl presented with a left-sided abdominal mass. X-ray examination and computed tomography disclosed a well-defined tumor close to the tail of the pancreas, stretching the pancreatic branches from the splenic artery as demonstrated by arteriography. Ultrasonography suggested a partly cystic character. Cytologic fine-needle biopsy, histopathological and electron microscopical examination disclosed a cysto-papillary tumor, probably benign, and of an exocrine, ductular origin, and with pseudo-cystic areas similar to those found in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands. Immunohistochemistry did not demonstrate the presence of polypeptide hormones. The patient is without signs of tumor recurrence 18 months after operation. PMID- 7270157 TI - Detection of different DNA stem cell lines in a case of human bladder carcinoma. AB - An unusual case of bladder carcinoma is presented. The cystectomy specimen contained one large tumour with the histological picture of a poorly-moderately well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and another small tumour with poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma. Besides, widespread areas of carcinoma in situ were seen. Random biopsies from the bladder and from the tumours were independently examined, histopathologically and by flow cytofluorometric DNA-analyses. The degree of ploidy was found to be quite different between the two tumours. In areas of carcinoma in situ different aneuploid cll lines were indicated. Altogether five different aneuploid cell lines were found. There was a good correlation between the histopathological assessments and the DNA measurements: Carcinoma in situ corresponding to aneuploidy and various degrees of atypia corresponding to diploidy. In tumour metastases from several organs, only one aneuploid cell line was found. This cell line did not correspond to those found in the tumours. PMID- 7270158 TI - The prevalence of focal tubulo-interstitial lesions in various renal diseases. AB - The focal tubulo-interstitial lesions (FTIL) described in the present paper appear as short segments of tubules showing epithelial degeneration, necrosis and desquamation. The foci are surrounded by mononuclear cells, among which lymphocytes are most numerous. They infiltrate through the damaged tubular basement membranes and may thus be located between epithelial cells and in the tubular lumen. Older lesions show focal tubular atrophy with thickened basement membranes together with focal interstitial fibrosis and lymphocytic infiltrates. The overall prevalence of this type of lesion in a consecutive renal biopsy series was 36%. It was not detected in 24 biopsies from patients without renal disease. The frequency of FTIL was high in acute renal failure due to hemolysis, shock etc. or to the action of drugs, as well as in some types of glomerulonephritis (membranous, membrano-proliferative, SLE). Tubular immunoglobulins were not demonstrated in 38 biopsies with FTIL. The pathogenesis and possible consequence of the lesions are still unclear, but it is suggested that they may in some situations contribute to the nephron atrophy in chronic renal disease. PMID- 7270159 TI - The local cell response to human lung carcinomas. AB - Non-malignant inflammatory cells were studied in tissue sections and cell suspensions from 21 human lung carcinomas. The different cell types were identified and quantified by means of histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. All tumours were surrounded and to a lesser degree also infiltrated by lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells containing IgG, IgA, or IgM, and a small number of mast cells. No evident signs of cell necrosis were present in association with these mononuclear cell infiltrates. Central tumour necroses were dominated by large numbers of neutrophils and macrophages, a reaction considered to be secondary to ischemic necroses in rapidly expanding tumours. The weakest mononuclear cell infiltrates were found in tumours with extensive necrotic areas. Of the tumour lymphocytes 3-67% (mean 37%) were T-lymphocytes, 4-32% (mean 19%) were B-lymphocytes. The relation between these markers did not always correlate with the findings in peripheral blood: low percentages of T-lymphocytes were found in some tumours even when the percentage of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood was within the normal range. The demonstration of both T-lymphocytes and macrophages in and around the tumour tissue may reflect a local immune response against the neoplastic cells, while the presence of plasma cells in all tumours supports the theory that the tumour also induces a local production of immunoglobulin which may interfere with the cellular immunity. PMID- 7270160 TI - Postmortem coronary angiography and histological investigation of the conduction system of the heart in sudden unexpected death due to coronary heart disease. AB - This study has been performed applying postmortem coronary angiography and histological investigation of the conduction system of the heart in 21 persons who died suddenly and unexpectedly because of coronary sclerosis. This "coronary group" is compared with a sex and age matched control group of 24 persons. Acute vascular lesions were found in 20 persons (95.2%), fresh infarctions in 10 (45%), heart rupture in 2 (9.5%) and old infarctions (indicated by localized fibrosis) in 7 (33.3%). The coronary arteries were graded using WHO's recommendations from 1958. Arteriosclerosis of the major coronary arteries was significantly more extensive in the "coronary group". The origin and course of the arteries to the conduction system were located by postmortem coronary angiography. The right coronary artery supplied these arteries in the majority of cases (sinus node artery 77%, a.-v. node artery 85%). A significantly greater degree of arteriosclerosis could be demonstrated histologically in the sinus node artery in the "coronary group". In both groups the degree of arteriosclerosis was greater in the a.-v. node artery than in the sinus node artery. The conduction system was investigated using Hudson's method. There were only 3 cases of infarction in the conduction system, possibly due to its greater resistance to damage from anoxia. In all patients "non-specific changes" (hemorrhage, small cellular infiltrations and/or degeneration) were found and these changes can, therefore, be of no pathophysiological importance in this group of patients. The degree of fibrosis and the amount of fat was semiquantified. Six patients in the "coronary group" had moderate fibrosis around the left sided fibres of the bundle of His. This leads to the conclusion that these changes might play a role in the fatal course, and that some cases of sudden, unexpected cardiac death can be explained by pre existing fibrosis in the conduction system. PMID- 7270161 TI - Lysozyme in neoplastic Paneth cells of a jejunal adenocarcinoma. AB - This is the first reported case in which neoplastic cells not of granulocytic or monocytic origin have been shown to contain lysozyme. A highly differentiated metastasizing adenocarcinoma of the jejunum is presented. Areas of the tumour contained cells resembling Paneth cells, that is, they contained cytoplasmic granules with 1) stained red with Masson's trichrome and 2) were shown to contain lysozyme by an immunoperoxidase technique. No argentaffin cells could be identified within the tumour. Staining of mucosubstance revealed large intestine type sulfated glycoproteins in the tumour tissue. The presence of lysozyme containing neoplastic Paneth cells suggests that the tumor: 1) originated from the mucosal crypts, and 2) had a high degree of cellular differentiation. PMID- 7270162 TI - Distribution of intrapulmonary megakaryocytes. AB - The distribution of intrapulmonary megakaryocytes is equal in healthy persons, but altered in diseased persons, the highest counts being found in superior lobes (p = 0.0027). This may be explained by the altered blood supply to the lungs of diseased persons lying in bed. We recommend that lung sections should be taken from central areas of the superior lobes in order to standardize the sections and to compare results of future investigations on intrapulmonary megakaryocytes. PMID- 7270163 TI - A morphometric study of placenta in fetal congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type. AB - A qualitative light microscopic study was performed on 9 fetal congenital nephrotic (CNF) and 13 control placentas obtained from legal pregnancy terminations or spontaneous abortions at 16-20 weeks of gestation. From this material 6 CNF cases and 6 age matched controls were selected for morphometric analysis. The total villous volume and the ramification pattern of the villi were similar in CNF and controls. A significant decrease in the villous vascularization was found in CNF. It is suggested that disturbed oxygen exchange due to poor development of the villous vessels causes a compensatory hyperplasia of the placenta at birth in CNF. Electron microscopic investigation was performed on three CNF and two control placentas. No changes typical of fetal CNF were found in the villous ultrastructure. The syncytial microvillous projections seemed to be more numerous and longer in CNF, otherwise the structure of the trophoblastic layer of the villi and the lining of the subtrophoblastic vessels were identical in CNF and controls. PMID- 7270164 TI - Malignant giant cell tumor of the uterus. A clinico-pathologic, light- and electron-microscopic study of a case. AB - A clinico-pathologic study of a 69-year-old woman with a malignant giant cell tumor of the uterus compatible with malignant giant tumor of soft tissues is presented. The diagnosis was based mainly on light- and electron-microscopic findings, including the demonstration of phagocytic activity of the neoplastic cells. The tumor metastasized to the lung and the patient died a short time after clinical onset. The classification of uterine sarcomas and the differential diagnosis are briefly discussed. PMID- 7270165 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the effect of photoactivated 8-methoxy psoralen. Nuclear changes in a human epithelial cell line. AB - An established human epithelial cell line was exposed to photoactivated 8 methyoxy psoralen (PUVA); the cells were fixed and processed for electron microscopy 2 hours, 3 days and 6 days thereafter, and the nuclear morphology compared to controls. In the light microscope the cells fixed 3 and 6 days after PUVA exposure showed an increase in the number of multinucleated cells. At the ultrastructural level an increased number of cells with nuclear indentations, cytoplasmic invaginations, pseudoinclusions, nuclear bodies and multiple nucleoli were seen. An increased number of perichromatin granules per cell section and a decrease in heterochromatin situated marginally were observed. In cells from 6 day-old cultures 15 out of 50 nuclei were seen divided into 3-12 nuclear elements, compared with none in the controls. The smaller of these elements tended to be heterochromatic and the larger euchromatic. Generally the nuclear elements were smooth in outline, but elements of bizarre shape were also seen. These consisted of nuclear fragments united by heterochromatic extensions of uniform diameter. When comparing the morphology of PUVA exposed cells with the morphology of non-malignant and malignant cell lines, the PUVA exposed cells appeared to show an increase in morphological markers corresponding to those determined in malignant cells. The possibility that PUVA therapy may cause cancerous transformation is discussed. PMID- 7270166 TI - [Studies on the pharmacological activities and toxicities of armillarisin A, a new choleretic drug (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270167 TI - [The effect of Dang-Gui (Angelica sinensis) and its constituent ferulic acid on phagocytosis in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270169 TI - [The identification and total synthesis of aichasu, an antitussive agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270170 TI - [Studies on analogs of artemisinine. I. The synthesis of ethers, carboxylic esters and carbonates of dihydroartemisinine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270168 TI - [Studies on antimalarials. III. Synthesis and antimalarial activities of some derivatives of 2,4-diamino-6-substituted piperazinyl quinazolines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270171 TI - [Electrochemical reduction of (R)-1- hydroxyl-1-(m-hydroxylphenyl)-acetone oxime- a new method of preparing metaraminol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270172 TI - [The formation of balsamic duct and the effect of serial cutting upon the balsamic duct development of Styrax hypoglauca Perk (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270174 TI - [Separation of artemisinine and its derivatives by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270173 TI - [Comparison of bioavailability of two miotic solutions of Bao Gong Teng A (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270175 TI - [The analysis of styptic medicinal herbs Hong Mian Teng (Rubus rufo-lanatus) by mass spectrometry, (I) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270176 TI - [Studies on the Chinese drug, Aconitum spp. XVII. Alkaloids from Aconitum flavum Hand. -Mazz (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270177 TI - [A note on the identification of fibralactone from the root of Fibraurea recisa Pierre (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270178 TI - [Relation between the spasmogenic action of pentetrazole and 1,2,3,4 tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives on the isolated gastric fundus of the rat and the physical chemical properties of the compounds]. PMID- 7270179 TI - [Pharmaco-analytical applications of charge-transferring iodine complexes]. PMID- 7270180 TI - [Alkylation of ganglionic cholinergic receptors with haloalkyl amines]. PMID- 7270181 TI - [Pharmaco-analytical application of spectropolarimetry. V. Direct spectropolarimetric determination of neomycin B and C]. PMID- 7270182 TI - [Pharmaco-analytical application of coulometric determination of halides]. PMID- 7270183 TI - [Pharmaco-analytical application of tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester indicator dye. III. Interaction between alkaloids and TBPE]. PMID- 7270184 TI - HPLC method for the determination of 4-hydroxyphenylbutazone in phenylbutazone. PMID- 7270185 TI - [Rhizomes and roots of alpine dock (Rumex alpinus L.)]. PMID- 7270186 TI - [Thin layer chromatographic detection of alkoxyl ether and ester groups and methoxy and ethoxy groups in pharmaceuticals based on color reactions]. PMID- 7270187 TI - [Specificity of ethinylestradiol antiserum in radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 7270188 TI - [Study of films with regulated permeability. I. Permeability test of cellulose triacetate films]. PMID- 7270189 TI - [Study of films with regulated permeability. II. Estimation of permeability constants based on experimental data]. PMID- 7270190 TI - [Quality control for quick radioimmunoanalytical (RIA) determination of ethyinyloestradiol (EE2)]. PMID- 7270191 TI - [Crystallographic control of mechanical influences on Hungarian pharmaceutical raw materials]. PMID- 7270192 TI - [Effect of anionic and non-ionic synthetic detergents on the osmotic resistance of the erythrocytes of various species--in vitro]. PMID- 7270193 TI - [Theory of the liberation of active ingredients by zero-order kinetics]. PMID- 7270194 TI - [Determination of the pKa of ethinyl estradiol based on solubility]. PMID- 7270195 TI - [Interactions between alkaloids of benzyl-isoquinoline structure and barbiturates. Interaction between papaverine hydrochloride an sodium phenobarbitol. I. Study of interactions by physical, chemical and biological methods]. PMID- 7270196 TI - [Interactions between alkaloids of benzyl-isoquinoline structure and barbiturates. Interaction between papaverine hydrochloride and sodium phenobarbitol. II. Pharmacotechnological possibilities of preventing incompatibility]. PMID- 7270197 TI - [Complex conversion process of charge transfer in the naphazoline-iodine system]. PMID- 7270198 TI - [Factors influencing spray drying. I. Parameters of solutions and operational factors]. PMID- 7270199 TI - [Factors influencing spray drying. II. Influence of higher surface tension]. PMID- 7270200 TI - [Quantitative determination of ammonia given off by rubber seals using an ammonia selective membrane electrode]. PMID- 7270201 TI - [[Effect of additives on the properties of tablets poorly soluble in water]. PMID- 7270202 TI - [Rapid radioimmune analytical (RIA) determination of ethinyl estradiol in serum]. PMID- 7270203 TI - [Analysis of the applicability of the standard curve to the rapid radio-immune analytical (RIA) determination of ethinyl estradiol]. PMID- 7270204 TI - [The effect of pharmaceutical additives on the synthesis of DNA and on repair mechanisms]. PMID- 7270205 TI - [Application of tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester (TBPE) indicator-dye to pharmaco-analysis]. PMID- 7270207 TI - [Pharmacokinetic tests with delayed-absorption Halidor-Eudragit L complex in dogs]. PMID- 7270208 TI - [Chemical study of Cymbaria dahurica L]. PMID- 7270206 TI - [Formation of precipitate in an injection solution containing a phenothiazine derivative and novamidazophene]. PMID- 7270209 TI - [Application of thermometric methods in pharmacoanalysis. II. Determination of water content of some antibiotics with the Karl Fischer reagent]. PMID- 7270210 TI - [Application of thermometric methods in pharmacoanalysis. III. Determination of potassium and magnesium content of Panangin tablets and injection solutions by titrated enthalpy and direct injection enthalpy]. PMID- 7270211 TI - [Synthesis and stereochemical study of potential drugs]. PMID- 7270212 TI - [Stability of azidomorphine in solution. II. Spectrophotometric and polarographic study of the reaction kinetics of the decomposition of azidomorphine]. PMID- 7270213 TI - Abstracts of the XXXII Scandinavian Pharmacological Society Meeting. Trondheim, June 29 - July 1, 1981. PMID- 7270214 TI - The effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on oxytocin-induced intramammary pressure in lactating ewes. PMID- 7270215 TI - Effects of intrahypothalamic injections of kainic acid on the behaviour of rats. AB - The effects of bilateral microinjections of kainic acid 1.0 microgram and 2.5 micrograms into the hypothalamus on the behaviour of rats were studied controlling this behaviour during 2 weeks by the method of Lat. Moreover, the exploratory activity and irritability of the animals were assessed during that time period. After 2 weeks the activity of acetyltransferase and the level of GABA were determined in rat brain. Bilateral injections of kainic acid produced only slight changes in rat behaviour, no changes in the activity of acetyltransferase in the hypothalamus, but raised significantly the level of GABA in this structure and in the thalamus. The results of these investigations point out indirectly that the hypothalamus contains no greater number of cell bodies of cholinergic neurons but it may contain cholinergic and GABA-ergic axons which are not destroyed by kainic acid. PMID- 7270216 TI - Functional organization of the sympathetic nervous system. AB - Single post- and preganglionic sympathetic neurons which supply different autonomic effectors were identified along their reflex and resting properties. The results of this study indicate that central organization of the sympathetic outflow to the peripheral effectors is differentiated. PMID- 7270217 TI - Metabolism of 3H-catecholamines in the heart and adrenals of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after running stress. AB - The metabolism of 3H-catecholamines after i.p. injection of 3H-tyrosine was studied in the heart and adrenals of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar (NCR) rats at rest and following running stress. In the heart of 8-week-old NCR a sharp stress-induced increase of the levels of 3H-A and 3H-DA with an elevation of the levels of their metabolites was observed. In contrast, there was no stress-related change in the levels of 3H-NA, 3H-A and 3H-VMA in the hearts of young SHR, while the 3H-DA level, though increased after stress, remained still lower than in the age-matched NCR. In the phase of established hypertension (24 weeks) lower levels of 3H-NA and 3H-A in the heart already present at rest, as compared with NCR, remained lower after stress but the elevation of the level of their metabolites 3H-VMA and 3H-MA, was similar in both strains. In the adrenals of 8-week-old SHR the basal 3H-A level was already higher than in NCR. Stress provoked a marked decrease of adrenal 3H-A accompanied by increased formation of 3H-MA and an increase in the levels of 3H-NA and 3H-DA, more pronounced in SHR than NCR. In the phase of advanced hypertension a further elevation of 3H-A and 3H-MA and an increase of basal 3H-DA level in the adrenals were found at rest. The decreased levels of 3H-catecholamines in the heart of stressed young and non-stressed older SHR may indicate an increase in their rate of release and/or their impaired synthesis. An increased basal level of 3H-A in the adrenals of SHR concomitant with the development of hypertension, may reflect an increased synthesis and/or decreased release, as evidenced by the proportionally lower increase of its extraneuronal metabolite 3H-MA. The adrenal response to stress, more intense in SHR than in NCR, may be considered as due to enhanced release of 3H-A from the gland. PMID- 7270218 TI - Cholinesterase activity in the great blood vessels of the heart of Pteropus giganteus. AB - The great thoracic blood vessels associated with the heart of the Indian flying fox -- Pteropus giganteus were studied histochemically. Acetylcholinesterase was used as a histochemical tool for studying the pattern of distribution of ganglia, nerve plexuses, nerve fibres and nerve endings innervating the various layers of the blood vessels. Their role in the regulation of vasodilation and vasoconstriction is discussed. PMID- 7270219 TI - Effect of gamma radiation on tissue elastin content and serum elastolytic activity in rats. AB - The elastin content of aorta, heart, skin and lungs as well as the serum elastolytic activity were determined in rats exposed to radiation. It was found that a single irradiation of rats with gamma rays (500 r) caused a decrease of the elastin content in all examined tissues. The serum elastolytic activity in the irradiated rats was increased. It is suggested that elastin degradation following radiation may be caused by changes in its molecular structure and possibly, due to increased serum elastolytic activity. PMID- 7270220 TI - Bivalent tin metabolism and toxicity after intravenous injection in rats. AB - With progressing advances in radioisotope diagnostic methods in nuclear medicine new radiopharmaceutic agents have been introduced containing inorganic soluble compounds of bivalent tin (Sn+2). An important problem is to study the metabolism and toxicological effects of Sn+2. In the presently reported work the distribution of Sn+2 was determined in the organism of rats at different time intervals after intravenous administration of 113SnCl2 (from 10 minutes to 4 months) and the rate of its elimination from the whole body was studied. Sn+2 toxicity was determined calculating the LD50/30 dose of Sn+2 and by means of the OCT test (ornithine-carbamyltransferase level in the serum). The investigation demonstrated selective accumulation of Sn+2 in the liver and spleen where it remained for a long time, phasic elimination of tin from the whole body, and its moderate toxicity after intravenous administration. PMID- 7270221 TI - Effect of various doses of cerium on the serum level of ornithine carbamyltransferase in rats. AB - The relationships between different cerium doses administered intravenously as CeCl3 and the mortality of rats and their serum OCT level were studied. The LD50/30 value for cerium given intravenously to rats was 5.56 mg Ce/kg. A directly proportional correlation was demonstrated between intravenously administered Ce doses and the serum OCT level above a threshold dose. PMID- 7270222 TI - Effect of iodine and thiocyanate on their accumulation in the saliva of sheep. PMID- 7270223 TI - Effect of prolonged exposure to heat on the thermoregulatory reactions to high ambient temperature in rabbits. PMID- 7270224 TI - [Search for pharmacologically active piperazine derivatives. VII. 1-[beta-(N pyridono-2)-ethyl]-4-(aminoalkylo)-piperazine]. PMID- 7270225 TI - [Studies on the stability of imidazoline derivatives. II. Qualitative evaluation of tolazoline stability in solutions and identification of its degradation products]. PMID- 7270226 TI - [Rheological studies and biopharmaceutical evaluation of ointments containing various selected antibiotics. I. Effect of ointment bases on rheological properties and the rate of liberation and absorption of neomycin sulfate]. PMID- 7270229 TI - Detection of myoglobin in urine after myocardial infarction by luminescence method. PMID- 7270227 TI - [Computer program for studying quantitative relations between chemical structure and biological activity by the Hansch method]. PMID- 7270230 TI - Psoriasis on scar -- an experimental study. PMID- 7270231 TI - [Follow-up study of lung changes after carbon black exposure]. PMID- 7270228 TI - [Effect of 4-acetyl-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-[3-(4-methylpiperazin)-propyl] piperidine trihydrochloride on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and isolated organs of experimental animals]. PMID- 7270232 TI - [Effect of different protein diets on rat growth and the content of proteins, hemoglobin and hematocrit in their blood]. PMID- 7270233 TI - Induratio penis plastica ossificans -- possibilities of radiologic and diagnostic ultrasound interpretation. PMID- 7270234 TI - [Papilloma (condyloma) of the cervix uteri (colposcopical and histopathological aspects)]. PMID- 7270235 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7270236 TI - [Behcet's syndrome]. PMID- 7270237 TI - Some specificities in the composition of gallstone trace elements in the region of Vojvodina (Yugoslavia). PMID- 7270239 TI - Radiologic anatomy of the subarachnoid space of the brain displayed by means of contrast materials during computerized tomography. PMID- 7270238 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of arteriovenous fistula of the dura in the region of the cavernous sinus]. PMID- 7270240 TI - [Proteinuria in samples from young and old persons in the population]. PMID- 7270241 TI - [Peculiarities of pneumatization of the sphenoid bone]. PMID- 7270242 TI - Functional evaluation of children's locomotor apparatus. PMID- 7270243 TI - [Colposcopic and histopathologic presentation of 10 cases of condyloma of the cervix and vagina]. PMID- 7270244 TI - Effect of the blockade of adrenergic, serotoninergic and cholinergic receptors of the central nervous system on the action of prostaglandin F2 alpha in rat. PMID- 7270245 TI - Implantation of autogenic perichondrial tissue with chondrogenic potential as a possible management of retinal detachment. PMID- 7270246 TI - Preservation of the isolated total canine colon by ex vivo perfusion. PMID- 7270247 TI - Effect of lanatoside C on right ventricular function and pulmonary circulation in patients with mitral stenosis. PMID- 7270248 TI - The effect of normobaric hyperoxia on the blood--brain barrier in the cerebral cortex of young rabbits. PMID- 7270249 TI - Effect of haemoperfusion on the left ventricular systolic function in patients with chronic uraemia. PMID- 7270250 TI - Observations on angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. PMID- 7270251 TI - Prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7270252 TI - Effects of motor denervation of the external ear muscles on the audio-visual targeting reflex in cats. AB - The effect of uni- and bilateral denervation of muscles of the pinna on the audio visual targeting reflex reinforced by food was studied. In comparison with the normal group the unilaterally denervated animals showed a decreased capacity to localize sound sources placed behind the animal ipsi- and contralaterally to the operated side. The denervation of the second ear in these animals induced a further decrease of the localization scores, especially of the sources placed behind them. The localization behavior strategies were different depending on the integrity of the innervation of muscles of the pinna. The stimulation of the operated side with tones of a 30 dB higher intensity than in the normal side did not improve the animals?performance in localizing the sound sources. The shortening of duration from 500 to 50 ms reduced, the capacity to localize the loudspeakers placed ipsilaterally to the denervated side, especially those behind the animal. The role for the targeting reflex of the feedback information from the muscles controlling the pinna movements, and the significance of the postural changes induced by the tone are discussed. PMID- 7270253 TI - Haptic to visual cross-modal recognition of objects in the vervet monkey. AB - Five juvenile vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were tested using the Cowey and Weiskrantz technique. The animals had access in the dark to distasteful biscuits of one shape and tasteful biscuits of another shape. Later they were shown a pair of biscuits, one of each shape, and the animal?s first selection was scored. A single pair of shapes was used with flavor assigned daily according to a Gellerman schedule. In 69 percent of trials the monkeys selected the tasteful shape (P less than 0.001). The performance in the second half of testing was higher than in the beginning which suggests that some kind of learning set develops. PMID- 7270254 TI - Mental transformation in a visual recognition task. AB - Rectangular geometrical patterns with equal number of lines, identical relations between their vertical and horizontal components, identical angles, line crossing knots and free ends of lines were presented tachistoscopically to human subjects with a restricted recognition time caused by backward masking. Symmetrical linear transformation with respect to the Y or X axes and rotations of the patterns were performed and the correctness of their reproduction was measured in psychophysical experiments. A mental pattern transformation was a fast operation (under 100 ms) not directly linked to a graphic or a verbal expression of the results of reproduction. Mental transformation is probably determined by the recognition process. Symmetrical transformations are easier than rotational, whereas the most difficult is a detection of a pattern differing in its form from those considered within a predetermined group of samples. PMID- 7270255 TI - Short-latency phrenic response to electrical vagal stimulation in rabbits. AB - The response of the phrenic motoneurones to single shock stimulation of- afferent vagal fibres during inspiration was studied in rabbits. The rabbits were anaesthetized with halothane, paralysed, artificially ventilated and bilaterally vagotomized. To improve the detection of the response on the non-integrated efferent phrenic activity in the presence of background discharge, 64 to 128 single responses were averaged using a sampling time of 0.1 ms. No short-latency responses were obtained to single shock at threshold strength for the coarsest afferent vagal fibres. With increased stimulus strength activating also some finer myelinated fibres, as evidenced from the effect of low-frequency stimulation on the breath duration, a short-latency inhibition followed by an enhancement was observed bilaterally. The average latency of the inhibition was 8.5 ms. The results differ from these which can be obtained in cats. PMID- 7270256 TI - Stochastic analysis of volley patterns. AB - The computer analysis of the dynamics of volleys is proposed by means of the so called pattern function (template), which describes the change of time-intervals between spikes inside volleys. The validation of the proposed method is based on the analysis of artificially generated volleys. PMID- 7270257 TI - CSF withdrawal for the treatment of intracranial hypertension in acute head injuries. AB - Long-term ICP recording was carried out in 151 acute head injury patients- 131 comatose patients admitted to ICU, and 20 non-comatose patients harbouring intracerebral mass lesions (lacerations or haematomas) in whom a decision to operate was doubtful. CSF withdrawal was used in 39 cases: by intermittent subtraction in 23 patients, and by continuous ventricular drainage (VD) in the remainder. In the acute stage, within 72 hours or injury, CSF subtraction proved of little use in influencing ICP or clinical time course. Conversely, at a latter stage, CSF withdrawal either by repeated intermittent subtraction or by continuous VD could very often control raised ICP. However, some patients had to undergo permanent shunting eventually. Elevated ICP was also safely controlled in four out of eight patients with intracerebral mass lesions and stationary symptoms. Such patients recovered quickly, and operation was avoided. PMID- 7270258 TI - Computerized tomography (CT) in patients with head injuries. Relation between CT scans and clinical findings in 96 patients. AB - In a retrospective series of 144 patients with cranial trauma admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, 96 were initially examined by CT. The initial clinical assessment, operative findings, if any, and the clinical course were compared to the results of the primary CT scan. In patients presenting lateralizing deficits, 49% had lesions on the expected side, and 23% on the opposite side. Thirty-one per cent of brain stem affected patients had a supratentorial mass lesion requiring craniotomy. Three decerebrate patients who had died had an initially normal CT scan. Thirty craniotomies were performed on the basis of the CT scan, and six cases deviated from the expected, but no case showed a false positive indication for surgery. The final diagnosis was in accordance with the initial clinical diagnosis, and with the initial CT scan in 44% and 84%, respectively, of all cases. PMID- 7270259 TI - Meningioma of the anterior part of the third ventricle. AB - The authors report the clinical features, radiological findings, and surgical management in a case of meningioma of the anterior part of the third ventricle in a 59-year-old woman. The unusual fact in our patient compared with the other reported cases is that she never developed symptoms or signs of increased intracranial pressure. A review of the literature is presented. Ours is the second case in which CT scan has been used in the diagnosis. PMID- 7270260 TI - Familial occurrence of multiple intracranial aneurysms. Case reports and review of the literature. AB - The authors report a family in which two members had multiple intracranial aneurysms. This is the third reported family with more than one member affected by multiple cerebral aneurysms. The congenital nature and the patterns of inheritance of the disease are discussed. The indications for elective investigation of the asymptomatic relatives are surgical prophylaxis on asymptomatic aneurysms are also briefly discussed. PMID- 7270262 TI - Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Neurochirurgie in Tubingen, April 22-25, 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7270261 TI - Titanium, silver, and tantalum clips in brain tissue. AB - The brain tissue reaction to a recently devised titanium haemoclip and to the conventional silver and tantalum clips were investigated in rabbit brain. Titanium, silver, and tantalum wires 5 X 0.5 X 0.5 mm in size were implanted into the white matter of the brain. After one and six months the brain specimens were sectioned, stained with haematoxylin eosin and with phosphotungstic acid Haematoxylin, and were studied by light microscopy. The examination revealed neither tissue reaction nor pigmentation in the case of titanium implant, while there was pigmentation surrounding the tantalum, and there was pigmentation as well as reactive gliosis around the silver wires. PMID- 7270263 TI - Dynamics of formation and resolution of vasogenic brain oedema. I. Measurement of oedema clearance into ventricular CSF. AB - Previous studies showed that resolution of brain oedema may occur by clearance into the CSF. The present study was performed to measure quantitatively the amount of oedema clearance in cold-induced oedema in cats. In order to determine the minute amounts of oedema fluid entering the CSF the oedema fluid was labelled with a high concentration of an extracellular marker (S35-sodium-thiosulphate). Ventriculo-cisternal perfusion was used to collect the marker in the cisternal outflow. By using the assumption that oedema fluid has the same marker concentration as the plasma, the distribution profile of extracellular space as well as the clearance rate of oedema into CSF could be computed. Oedema and thiosulphate space were most pronounced in the white matter underlying the cortical cold injury. The values then declined progressively with the distance from the lesion towards the ventricle. Oedema fluid clearance into the ventricular CSF at 24 hours following the cold injury amounted to 0.8-1.2 microliter/min or 1.15 ml/day. These data support the assumption that this may be one of the main mechanisms of the resolution of vasogenic brain oedema. PMID- 7270264 TI - Intracerebral cystic epidermoid. Report of two cases. PMID- 7270265 TI - A giant meningioma of the fourth ventricle associated with Sturge-Weber disease. AB - A case of meningioma without dural attachment within the fourth ventricle associated with Sturge-Weber disease is reported. Review of the literature revealed that meningiomas arising from the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle and lying totally within the fourth ventricle are very rare. Coexistence of Sturge-Weber disease with meningioma of the fourth ventricle has never been reported, as far as we could find out. PMID- 7270267 TI - Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons and the Societa Italiana di Neurochirurgia, Venice, May 15-17, 1980. Abstracts. PMID- 7270266 TI - Giant meningioma of the third ventricle. A case report. PMID- 7270268 TI - The natural history of postoperative seizures. AB - The risk of developing postoperative seizures decreases with the passage of time after surgery. In the majority of cases it has fallen to less than 10% by six months but in some specific groups this risk is not reached until much later. Patients who had abscesses were however the only group with a continuing risk after five years. Late epilepsy occurred in 41% of patients suffering early epilepsy. The question of prophylactic anticonvulsant drugs is discussed. PMID- 7270269 TI - Early operations for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Comparative study with computed tomography. AB - The authors have analyzed the correlation between the results of early operation for ruptured intracranial aneurysms (45 cases) and CT scan (54 cases) performed within the second week after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). There was a good correlation between the results of early operation within one week after the haemorrhage and CT findings. Surgical results were closely correlated to the incidence of vasospasm in our cases. All cases with symptomatic vasospasm showed bilateral high density in the cistern or ventricles on CT scan performed within three days after initial bleeding. For the cases within 24 hours after haemorrhage, surgical operation is recommended as early as possible, including removal of blood clots in the basal cistern and Sylvian fissure, and ventriculo cisternal drainage for improvement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. On the other hand, the cases in which operations were performed during the second to seventh days and where CT scan revealed bilateral high density in the cistern or ventricles resulted in poor outcome or death. PMID- 7270270 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria and intracranial aneurysm: therapeutic considerations. PMID- 7270272 TI - Carpenter syndrome with normal intelligence and precocious growth. PMID- 7270271 TI - The pericarotid syndrome. A combination of hemicrania, Horner's syndrome, and internal carotid artery wall lesion. PMID- 7270273 TI - Surgical treatment of unilateral coronal synostosis. Technical notes. PMID- 7270274 TI - Symptomatic intrasphenoidal meningoencephalocele after removal of a parasagittal meningioma. PMID- 7270275 TI - Pantopaque (ethyl iodophenyl undecylate) intravasation during myelography. PMID- 7270276 TI - Direct communication between the lateral ventricle and the frontal sinus as the cause of CSF rhinorrhea in aqueductal stenosis. PMID- 7270277 TI - [Rorschach test of a group of chronic schizophrenic women hospitalized for a long time]. PMID- 7270278 TI - [Aggressiveness and manic-depressive psychosis. A study using the Mira y Lopez myokinetic test]. PMID- 7270279 TI - [Theoretical and practical method for the structuring of a rehabilitation and work-therapy unit in a hospital for chronic mental patients]. PMID- 7270280 TI - [Importance and indications in Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnostic study of varicocele]. PMID- 7270281 TI - [Malignant renal hemangioendothelioma. Review of the literature. Report of a case]. PMID- 7270282 TI - [Ureteral substitution using the ileum]. PMID- 7270283 TI - [Anatomoclinical aspects of certain varieties of prostate cancer]. PMID- 7270284 TI - [Repercussions of anti-reflux surgery on kidney growth]. PMID- 7270285 TI - [Evaluation of bladder neck disease]. PMID- 7270286 TI - [Correlation and development of the enzyme activity of phosphatases and the gammagraphic distribution of bone deposits in prostatic cancer (preliminary study)]. PMID- 7270287 TI - [Comparative evaluation of bone scanning, histological and biological studies of bone marrow in the staging of prostate cancer]. PMID- 7270288 TI - [Pathology of the upper wisdom teeth]. PMID- 7270289 TI - [Vestibular caries of the upper wisdom teeth]. PMID- 7270290 TI - [Should the upper wisdom teeth be extracted? Occlusal impact]. PMID- 7270291 TI - [Extraction of the upper wisdom teeth]. PMID- 7270292 TI - [Germectomy of the upper wisdom teeth]. PMID- 7270294 TI - [From embryology to orthodontics of the upper wisdom teeth]. PMID- 7270293 TI - [Complications in extraction of upper wisdom teeth]. PMID- 7270295 TI - [Anatomic relations of the upper wisdom teeth]. PMID- 7270296 TI - [Radiography of the upper wisdom teeth]. PMID- 7270297 TI - Effects on preparation, experimenter contact, and a maintained reduction alternative on a broad-spectrum program for eliminating smoking. PMID- 7270298 TI - Restraint and age at onset of obesity. PMID- 7270300 TI - Reducing junk food palatability and consumption by aversive conditioning. PMID- 7270299 TI - Prescribed level of caloric restriction in behavioral weight loss programs. PMID- 7270301 TI - The effect of nicotine extraction filters on pulse rate and vasomotor activity: a methodological note. PMID- 7270302 TI - The Great American Smokeout: a follow-up report. PMID- 7270303 TI - The effects of graduated filters on smoking exposure: risk reduction or compensation? PMID- 7270304 TI - Predicting drug abuse from social demographic factors: a discriminant function analysis. PMID- 7270305 TI - The developmental approach to alcoholism: a further investigation. PMID- 7270306 TI - The reliability of thiocyanate measurement of smoking exposure. PMID- 7270307 TI - Orientations toward abortion: guilty or knowledge? AB - Students (N = 118) were classified as pro-choice, anti-abortion, or mixed on the basis of their responses to ten fictitious case histories of females who requested abortion. The distribution of participants on the abortion issue was quite similar to the results of a 1979 national survey. As expected, these groups differed on attitudes toward abortion as murder, the legalization of abortion, and the morality of premarital sex. The groups differed significantly in levels of sex guilt, but did not exhibit significant differences in levels of sexual knowledge. The results were discussed within the context of the public controversy over abortion. It was suggested that the affective messages accompanying the sexual socialization of children and adolescents may be more predictive of orientations toward abortion than the weight of intellectual arguments regarding the rights of the fetus, the point at which a fetus becomes viable, or a woman's right to have control over her own body. PMID- 7270308 TI - A cojoint, operant model for assisting profoundly behaviorally disordered adolescents. AB - This article describes a community treatment program established in a semirural New Mexico community that was cojointly administered by the local school district, university and mental health center in order to facilitate the adoption of personal and academic skills among profoundly, behaviorally disordered adolescents. The treatment, a model classroom, is staffed by a fulltime teacher and a full-time psychologist whose roles are differentiated primarily by the ways and type of operant behavior they reinforce. This cojoint operant model for assisting profoundly behaviorally disordered adolescents was successful in facilitating the overall adjustment of eight adolescents in one academic year, as evidenced results of a behavior rating scale, projective testing, and parents' checklist and individual interviews. Theoretical bases and procedures for implementing the model are described, and recommendations for future programs serving emotionally disturbed adolescents are proposed. PMID- 7270309 TI - The use of poetry in treating the troubled adolescent. PMID- 7270310 TI - Adolescent self-esteem, emotional learning disabilities, and significant others. AB - This paper will primarily examine four concepts: emotional learning disabilities, adolescence, self-esteem, and the social-psychological concept of "significant others." Problems of definition will be discussed, with a literature review, and an attempt will be made to integrate all four of the above-mentioned concepts. The emphasis will be in applying a sociological perspective to an educational and growing problem: how do we (sic) educate students with some type of learning disability? What, if any, extra-curricular factors potentially affect in school learning behavior(s) of adolescents? PMID- 7270312 TI - [On co-operation of the child-specialist of neuropsychiatry in prevention and control of dissocial and criminal behaviour (author's transl)]. AB - There is an increasing win of recognition of polycausality in the development of social deviates. Therefore the today's organization of control of criminality is representing a complicated course of socioeconomical, ideological, legal, educational and other measures. Author points to diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of the children's neuropsychiatry. They could serve for early recognition of an incipient social deviate development. This would make possible a therapy of partial causes in the right moment. PMID- 7270311 TI - [Psychosocial aspects of extremely tall girls with a treatment-induced precocious puberty (author's transl)]. AB - Is psychosocial development influenced by tall stature and/or induced precocious puberty? This question was examined in 20 girls at 9,5 to 15,8 years of age who were admitted to estrogen treatment because of excessive constitutional tallness. Additionally, reference was made to the results of psychologically directed interviews with 86 girls who had undergone such treatment when 9 to 13 years old, and who belonged to a total collective of 387 tall girls cared for in the years 1966 to 1980. About half of the girls let discern symptoms pointing to neurosis, culminating in late puberty (age of dancing-lesion). Further essential psychical problems, originating from treatment-induced "early normal puberty", were not found. It is inferred that no serious objections arise, from the psychological point of view, against estrogen treatment of tall stature in prepuberal girls. PMID- 7270313 TI - [Effect of health policy and sociopolitical measures in the German Democratic Republic on the health and development of children]. PMID- 7270314 TI - [Anthropometric measurements of healthy children, 4 to 6 1/2 years old (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270315 TI - [The normal growth of the testis in the children and juveniles (author's transl)]. AB - The volume of the testis in a group of 1,052 children and juveniles (age 5.0 - 17.9 years) chosen randomly has been calculated after measuring the length and cross section by sliding rule. This method is advised to be used routinely in the clinical investigations due to small error. Author's cases which showed only small but objective errors in the measurement give a non-linear functional regression as showed in the tabulated data. Those normal values give the possibility of carrying statistical comparative studies with cases of diseased testis. PMID- 7270316 TI - [Simple examinations of the physical working capacity in childhood and youth (author's transl)]. AB - Evaluation of the physical working capacity in childhood and youth is an important problem in pediatrics. In this connection cardio-vascular system is of particular importance. The capacity of the cardio-vascular system proves the parameter of endurance training, which has a close correlation to the level of health. Medical examination findings are the prerequisite to preventive measures for subsequent heart-circulatory diseases. The body of children is showing a favourable reaction to these preventive measures for the purpose of adaptions. Current methods of performance testing of the cardio-vascular system are discussed. The author gives a survey of the steptest according to Ruffier and the submaximal load with four bicycle ergometers. He recommends the use of these tests for studies in medical practice. PMID- 7270317 TI - [Influence of duration of breast-feeding on body-weight-development]. AB - 2 385 Gorlitz-born children of the anual-sets 1957 to 1959 have been observed. The authors estimated, that only 16.2% of the probands are not breastfed, but 19.7% are suckled more than 4 months and 2.4% even more than 7 months. It is shown, that children who have been breastfed over a long period will not be likely to grow up to become overweight. PMID- 7270318 TI - [Anthropological aspects of behavioural development (author's transl)]. AB - Resulting from psychological, evolutionary and genetical aspects of behavioural development it is attempted go more fully into extent and significance of anthropological researches analysing the conditions of behaviour, particularly by motor development. So the general assertion will be more exact that all anthropological researches applied to structural and functional fundamentals of man are important for analysis of behaviour, its variability, its variability and development too. PMID- 7270319 TI - [Problems and results of an investigation about sexual development and sexual education of blind people (author's transl)]. AB - The article underlines the necessity of preparing young blind people for partnership relations, married life and family life. It report on an investigation into the problems of psycho-sexual development and education of blind people. Unlike the psycho-sexual development, which proceeds similary to that of people who can see, the sexual development is somewhat delayed. The article presents the results of the investigation and analyses the questioning of blind people, their parents and teachers. It offers advice on the sexual education of young blind people. PMID- 7270320 TI - [Respiratory diseases of children in an early age as a cause of absenteeism of the mothers from their working place and economical losses caused herewith (author's transl)]. AB - Acute respiratory diseases of children are the most important factor in all institutions for children before school age. Pediatrics and preventive medicine have here hard to work against many medical social and economic problems. Till now, we did not know exactly, how great is the financial loss and reduction of produced goods, if working woman have as mothers to stay at home to take care for their ill children. Therefore during a whole year (Sept. 1976/Aug. 1977) in the town Thale all children in creeches and other children's institutions before school age were registered. In this period a number of 2 134 days resulted from 120 mothers, obliged to stay at home by an acute respiratory disease of their children. This means a loss of 1 182 102.90 M. For 93 single mothers, 18 065.71 M are to add to this amount payed by insurance. All preventive and therapeutic measures against such respiratory diseases in an early children's age have therefore to be intensified. PMID- 7270321 TI - Factors associated with falls in the elderly: a community study. AB - In 2793 respondents aged 65 and over in a survey of a geographically defined community, who were asked about falls in the preceding twelve months, the estimated annual prevalence rate (persons) of falls was 28.0%. Standardized for age, the rate was twice as high in women as in men. Rates increased with age but more steeply in men than in women. Compared with non-fallers, fallers had been in more recent contact with their general practitioner, showed higher prevalence of problems with mobility and daily living, a more frequent history of stroke and heart disease, and had more episodes of non-rotatory vertigo, double vision, faints and blackouts and episodes of weakness or numbness. Fallers also showed more frequent evidence suggestive of cognitive impairment. More fallers than non fallers were taking diuretics and tranquilizers and these associations merit further study. PMID- 7270322 TI - Studies of gait and mobility in the elderly. AB - The gait and mobility of 71 subjects aged 60--99 years were studied by completion of a questionnaire, by measurement of time and distance factors using a metal walkway, and by examination of the subject's performance on a simple "obstacle' course. Sway was measured with an ataxiameter. The subjects spanned a wide range of activity levels from those whose outdoor activity was unlimited to those who were housebound. The velocity of walking decreased slightly with age, but depended more on pathology affecting the motor system and on the subject's habitual activity. The mean velocity of walking for the subjects was lower than previously reported for elderly persons. Since the latter were obtained on "elite' subjects with no pathology of the central nervous or locomotor systems, it is proposed that data obtained on subjects in this study, who claimed unlimited activity, might constitute more realistic controls for studies of the effects of disease or for evaluation of rehabilitation. Other factors contributing to mobility, such as rising from a chair, ascending and descending stairs and turning around, were also more dependent on the presence of pathology than on age. The importance of balance was demonstrated by associations between ataxia scores and the velocity of walking and performance on the obstacle course. Subjects who used walking aids walked more slowly, had poor performances on the obstacle course and higher ataxia scores. PMID- 7270323 TI - PR interval in the aged. AB - The length of the PR interval in 691 geriatric in-patients was examined for significant relationships in respects of age, sex and abnormality of the recording. No significant difference between sex and abnormality was found. Abnormal tracings were associated with longer PR intervals in both sexes, being most marked in men. Men showed longer PR intervals than women especially when the record was abnormal. No evidence of an age-related lengthening of the PR interval was found but there was a sudden increase between 75 and 80 years of age. PR intervals of less than 0.12 s were found in 3.8%, and 2.7% had intervals of more than 0.22 s. Short PR intervals of the Lown-Ganong-Levine type are not uncommon in old age. Lengthening of the PR interval in the normal range appears to be related to acquired and disease factors and is not due to a gradual ageing process. PMID- 7270324 TI - Screening investigations in the elderly. AB - The study evaluates the usefulness of some commonly used screening investigations in the management of elderly acutely ill medical patients. It was performed on 50 consecutive admissions to one ward and all patients received a full blood count, ESR, urea and electrolyte estimation, liver function tests, thyroid function tests, examination of a mid-stream urine specimen and P-A chest X-ray examination. When performed in the absence of clinical indication these tests were considered to be screening tests. On assessing the tests performed prospectively, it was shown that only a full blood count, urea and electrolyte estimation, ward testing of urine, and, possibly, a P-A chest X-ray examination are worthwhile screening investigations in this patient population. The ESR and liver function tests and mid-stream urine specimens seem to be of little value in the absence of clinical indication. PMID- 7270325 TI - Screening for glaucoma in a geriatric unit: report of a pilot study. AB - Schiotz indentation tonometry and ophthalmoscopy were carried out as a screening procedure for glaucoma in 100 patients attending a geriatric day hospital. Twenty one eyes (10.5%) in 13 patients (13%) had a pressure of 20.6 mmHg or higher. Seven eyes (3.5%) in five patients (5%) were thought to have abnormally wide and deep cups with pale discs. However, if all risk factors were considered, 42% of patients would have needed ophthalmological referral. The value of screening for glaucoma in a geriatric unit is discussed. PMID- 7270326 TI - Change in disability status as a predictor of long-term survival after myocardial infarction in the elderly. AB - Seventy-five consecutive patients discharged from a geriatric medical ward after a proven myocardial infarction and still alive at three months were followed for three years. Twenty-two died. Sixty-five patients replied to a postal questionnaire designed to assess their degree of psychological impairment and disability sent at the end of the first and third month after discharge. The predictive value of an increased independency rating between the two administrations of the questionnaire for survival was 77%. The predictive value of a decreased independency rating for mortality was 52%. The only clinical feature noted on admission, whose frequency differed significantly between the group who died and those who survived, was a systolic blood pressure of 160 mmHg or more on admission but this was a less satisfactory predictor than change in disability status. Patients who improve their disability status in the few months after a myocardial infarction also have a low long-term mortality and can safely be excluded from out-patient follow-up. PMID- 7270327 TI - Guidelines for controlling urinary incontinence without drugs or catheters. AB - Catheterization of the elderly incontinent patient is frequently unnecessary. It is also often unsuccessful, as most patients have unstable bladders and therefore leakage continues around the tube. Simple measures, like toileting regimens and restricting fluids in the evening, are often effective alone. Incontinence garments restore a patient's self-respect, reduce laundering and should be used more frequently whilst other methods, such as drugs, are being tried. PMID- 7270328 TI - Vitamin E--its significance in mouse ageing. AB - A small colony of C3H/He and LAF1 mice was set up with 50% of all stock being given a dietary supplement of 0.25% w/w vitamin E to study the range of ageing variables over which anti-oxidant administration has an effect. An increase in mean but not maximum lifespan with vitamin E was attributable to fewer fatalities early in life. This may have been due to low anti-oxidant levels in the controls. Lower fatal tumour incidence in both strains and a decrease in collagen content of LAF mice were noted. Lipofuscin levels in heart tissue were, as expected, reduced but the significance of lipid peroxidation to ageing of the organism is questioned. PMID- 7270330 TI - Myasthenia gravis: a case report. PMID- 7270329 TI - Anaphylactic reaction to vitamin B12 appearing after several years of therapy. PMID- 7270331 TI - Cellular secretion processes in inflammation. 2nd European Workshop on Inflammation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 31 March-1 April 1980. PMID- 7270332 TI - Cell-cell interactions in the rheumatoid joint. AB - Although rheumatoid synovium has been extensively studied in organ culture, particularly with respect to the synthesis of prostaglandins and proteinases, the behaviour of normal human synovium in culture has been much less well characterized. In this study, cultures of fragments of normal synovial tissue produced significantly less prostaglandin E (PGE) than cultures of rheumatoid synovium. The difference, however, did not persist when synovial cells obtained by enzymatic dispersion of normal and rheumatoid tissue were compared in monolayer culture. Production of PGE could be reactivated in both normal and rheumatoid synovial cells by products of mononuclear blood cells and also by factors in culture medium obtained after incubation of fragments of either normal or rheumatoid synovial tissue. These products of mononuclear cells and of synovial tissue also stimulated the production of PGE by human articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture. If these types of cellular interactions observed in vitro also occur in the arthritic joint as a result of the failure of normal control mechanisms, they could play a part in the irreversible destruction of joint structures. PMID- 7270333 TI - HEPES buffered media may induce prostaglandin release from macrophages in tissue culture. AB - On investigating the release of PGE2 from mouse peritoneal macrophages in tissue culture it was found that the spontaneous release of PGE2 was dependent on the culture conditions employed. The type of buffering of the medium was especially important. Using CO2- sodium bicarbonate buffers we observed little, if any, spontaneous release of prostaglandins (PGs) from macrophages, whereas in the presence of N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethane-sulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer in some cases a dramatic increase in PG release was observed. PMID- 7270334 TI - Influence of antigen-induced arthritis on connective tissue call metabolism. AB - Loss of hyaline articular cartilage during chronic joint inflammation may be due to enzymatic breakdown of cartilage proteoglycans and inhibition of proteoglycan biosynthesis. In vivo study in the mouse on the influence of antigen-induced arthritis on articular cartilage chondrocyte function revealed that proteoglycan synthesis was severely inhibited during active joint inflammation. In addition, autoradiographs showed that inhibition of chondrocyte synthetic function and chondrocyte death at later stages of the arthritis were most pronounced in the central part of patellar hyaline articular cartilage without pannus tissue being present nearby. PMID- 7270335 TI - Immune enhancement of granuloma formation as an experimental model for the pannus of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The pannus of rheumatoid arthritis is a proliferating mass of various cells and tissues, including follicles of lymphoid cels, and is the major agent of destruction of the surrounding structural tissues. Infiltrating lymphocytes are thought to be the prime stimuli for the growth of the pannus, through the secretion of of lymphokines. In contrast to this high turnover, destructive rheumatoid granuloma, most commonly used experimental granuloma models are of the non-immune, low turnover variety and thus give a rather poor reflection of clinical conditions. A model has been developed in our laboratory in which lymph node cells are removed from Freund's complete adjuvant sensitized rats and injected into sponge implants in normal syngeneic recipient animals, leading to enhancement of granuloma formation. This response has been characterized and shown to be related to lymphocyte activation and to the sensitivity of rats to polyarthritis induction. The lymphocyte transfer model may be useful in studying the action of drugs on lymphocyte mediated chronic inflammatory responses and the principle of lymphocyte transfer may be applied to other hypersensitivity granuloma models. PMID- 7270336 TI - Platelet-tissue interaction: role of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether). AB - The platelet-activating factor, or PAF-acether, is a phospholipid derivative that is a potent aggregating agent. It is formed by platelets themselves and also by basophils, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages including alveolar macrophages. A role for PAF-acether during inflammation is envisaged since its intravenous administration induces hypotension, thrombocytopenia and bronchoconstriction in anaesthetized guinea-pigs. It is hypothesized that platelets, which contain and synthetize many pro-inflammatory substances, play a primary role in some pathological states. PMID- 7270337 TI - Actions of aspirin and dipyridamole on lymphocyte activation. AB - The actions of aspirin and dipyridamole on lymphocyte activation in vitro have been studied. Aspirin inhibits lymphocyte activation when measured by protein synthesis or by 3H-thymidine incorporation at therapeutic concentration. Dipyridamole also strongly inhibits 3H-thymidine incorporation, but is a less potent inhibitor of protein synthesis at therapeutic concentrations. Aspirin/dipyridamole combinations did not show synergism as inhibitors of lymphocyte activation. It is concluded that these drugs has dissimilar actions on the lymphocyte and that dipyridamole will not serve as an aspirin-sparing drug in anti-inflammatory therapy. PMID- 7270338 TI - Influence of anti-inflammatory drugs on the interaction of lymphocytes and macrophages. AB - The helper function of macrophages in lymphocyte stimulation is well known, but there are indications that macrophages may also exert a suppressor effect on lymphocytes. This effect might be due to prostaglandins secreted by the macrophages. In order to test this hypothesis anti-inflammatory drugs, some of which are known inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, were added to a series of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocyte cultures containing different proportions of macrophages and lymphocytes. The experiments showed that high concentrations of all drugs were inhibitory. Moderate concentrations of some of the PG-synthesis-inhibiting drugs (like indomethacin and mefenamic acid), however, appeared to have a stimulatory effect. The stimulation was more pronounced in cultures containing a high proportion of macrophages. These results support the assumption that macrophages release prostaglandins, which suppress PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 7270339 TI - Protection of human neutrophils against oxidative damage. AB - This report reviews some of our work on the relative importance of the glutathione redox system and catalase in protecting human neutrophils in vitro against hydrogen peroxide, generated either by these cells during phagocytosis or artificially in the medium by an enzyme system. Neutrophils deficient in glutathione reductase were rapidly inactivated during phagocytosis, unless protected by scavengers of oxidative products in the medium. In contrast, normal neutrophils remained functionally active. Thus, despite the presence of a normal catalase activity, a defect in the glutathione system totally impairs the protection of neutrophils against their own metabolic products. In catalase inhibited or catalase-deficient neutrophils, no damage was observed during phagocytosis. We conclude that the glutathione redox system is the most important protection system against damage by oxidative products of neutrophils. During incubation of neutrophils with glucose + glucose oxidase, an extracellular system that generates hydrogen peroxide, we found that both catalase and the glutathione redox system were needed for adequate protection against oxidative injury. Apparently, this extracellular stress cannot be efficiently dealt with by the glutathione system alone: co-operation with catalase is needed in this situation. Under certain conditions, oxidative damage was observed even when the level of reduced glutathione was still relatively high, indicating that perhaps catalase and glutathione each protect different cell structures, and that both systems are needed together for the preservation of the total cell function. PMID- 7270340 TI - Oxidant stress during inflammation: anti-inflammatory effects of antioxidants. AB - Local oxidative changes have been investigated during granulomatous inflammation in the rat. Lipid peroxidation occurred independently of the prostaglandin biosynthetic pathways in the kaolin granuloma pouch model. Elevated levels of malonaldehyde, The monitor of lipid peroxidation, were found in the plasma and livers of rats with a remote localized inflammation. The hepatic antioxidant capacity of these rats was markedly reduced, while aminopyrine metabolism was impaired, as reflected by the increased half-life of this drug. The aminopyrine half-life was longer in rats with a stronger inflammatory response. Local administration of free radical scavengers and antioxidants inhibited granuloma formation depending on the type of scavenger used. Thus scavengers of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were ineffective as anti-inflammatory agents, whereas a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide and two lipid antioxidants markedly inhibited granuloma formation. The results indicate that several states of reduced oxygen and lipid peroxides are involved in the inflammatory response, and that the oxidative events are not limited to the inflamed site. PMID- 7270342 TI - [Histopathological findings of rabbits' eyes containing iridocapsular lenses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270341 TI - Cyclic nucleotides in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic 3',5' guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) may influence important regulatory mechanisms in the rheumatoid inflammatory process. It has been claimed that fasting improves the condition of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study was designed to measure cAMP in plasma and urine cGMP in urine in medically untreated RA patients. 12 female patients were investigated in a cross-over study during a control and a fasting period. They received no other drugs than analgesics during these periods. Levels of plasma and urinary cAMP found during the control period were somewhat lower than previously reported. However, the ratio cAMP/cGMP in urine was 10 to 1 which is reported to be normal. Clinical and laboratory variables of inflammatory activity were significantly improved during the 7-day fasting period. The ratio of cAMP/cGMP in urine was significantly increased on days 2-4 and coincided in time with the maximum of clinical improvement. Cyclic AMP concentrations were lowered both in plasma and urine during fasting. This is in contrast to fasting in normal and obese subjects reported in previous studies. PMID- 7270343 TI - [A study of eye movement during sleep. [II] Analyses of rapid eye movements in normal cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270344 TI - [Transient elevation of intraocular pressure after pars plana vitrectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270345 TI - [Analysis of dark adaptation function: programming for automatic adaptometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270346 TI - [The evaluation of rectus muscle union (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270347 TI - [Effects of ticlopidine on blood circulation and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in experimental diabetic rats- and it's efficacy for remedy of diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270348 TI - [Incidence of lattice degeneration in eyes with retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270349 TI - [Number of lattice degenerations in eyes with retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270350 TI - [Experimental study on eye wall resection for biopsy of the intraocular tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270351 TI - [Study of lattice degeneration of the retina. Part 2. Clinical features of lattice degeneration of the retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270352 TI - [Experimental investigations of the late effects of ionizing radiation on the cornea. II. 3H-thymidine autoradiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270353 TI - [Specialized membrane organizations of Muller cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270354 TI - [Optical study on muscae volitantes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270355 TI - [A case of D trisomy with congenital glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270356 TI - [Diabetic retinopathy related to blood sugar and lipids: ten year follow up studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270357 TI - [Effects of vitreous removal on ERG, visually evoked cortical potential (VECP) or LGB potential of rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270358 TI - [Fundus image-controlled perimetry in optic disc anomalies and optic atrophies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270360 TI - [Retina of albino corydoras containing equal number of rod and cone cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270361 TI - [A new apparatus for clinical electroretinography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270359 TI - [Studies on the treatment of glaucomatous eyes with carteolol ophthalmic solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270362 TI - [Ocular positions following surgery of detached retinal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270363 TI - [Afferent pupiliary defect in pupillary light reflex. 1. A preliminary report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270364 TI - [Pupillary dynamics in Parkinson disease--a preliminary report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270365 TI - [Pupillographic perimetry--retinal characteristics of human and pigmented rabbit's eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270366 TI - [Studies on electrically evoked pupillary reaction. I. Indirect electrical reaction and its frequency characteristic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270368 TI - The effect of modern dance and music on body image in college women. PMID- 7270367 TI - [Retinal recovery from vitamin E deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270369 TI - Observation: Behavior change in reactive depressed patients following introduction of basketball skills. PMID- 7270370 TI - Development and standardization of the new American Corrective Therapy Association certification examination. PMID- 7270371 TI - Management of preeclampsia-eclampsia. PMID- 7270372 TI - Current concepts in the management of breast cancer. AB - Current trials are aimed at determining whether less radical surgery or irradiation is equivalent to radical or modified radical mastectomy. Axillary node involvement is the most reliable indicator of prognosis. Patients with axillary node involvement and no other detectable disease should be considered for adjuvant chemotherapy. Steroid receptor analysis furnishes valuable information on prognosis and aids in treatment planning. Hormonal manipulation and/or combination chemotherapy can offer significant prolongation of life and amelioration of symptoms in many patients with advanced disease. PMID- 7270373 TI - Iatrogenic disease or doctor-patient collusion? AB - "Iatrogenic disease" may be a misnomer and would be better termed "syndyadogenic disease"--literally, a disease caused by two people working together. Most iatrogenic disease is a result of an unconscious coequal collusion between doctor and patient. Using the psychoanalytic concepts of transference and countertransference, three patterns of doctor-patient collusion are seen: the needy child-omnipotent parent posture, the Pollyanna posture and the persecutor victim posture. PMID- 7270374 TI - Pseudo-deep vein thrombosis in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Acute synovial rupture is encountered in several types of arthritis but is most common in rheumatoid arthritis. Chronic synovitis producing tense effusion in the knee may result in a posterior capsular tear. The clinical picture closely mimics acute thrombophlebitis, and failure to recognize the true cause often results in inappropriate anticoagulant therapy, with further deterioration of the leg. Ultrasonography is a useful screening procedure. When operation is undertaken, the posterior capsular defect must be repaired. PMID- 7270375 TI - Lithium capsule. PMID- 7270377 TI - Essentials in managing chronic meningitis. AB - The diagnosis is often elusive, but the high morbidity and mortality of unrecognized chronic meningitis make diagnosis and therapy imperative. The family physician is likely to be the first to encounter a patient with chronic meningitis. Meningeal signs, changes in mentation, seizures or cranial nerve palsies may occur. Cerebrospinal fluid protein is elevated and there is a lymphocytic pleocytosis. Tuberculous and fungal infections are the most common causes, but metastatic carcinoma is being seen with increasing frequency. PMID- 7270376 TI - Dermatomyositis: cutaneous clues to subclinical myositis. AB - A young woman presenting with Raynaud's vasospasm and polymorphic skin rash was found to have dermatomyositis. The myositis was subclinical at the time of her initial evaluation, although biochemical, electromyographic and histologic studies confirmed muscle involvement. Proper diagnosis and treatment of dermatomyositis requires recognition of the frequent disparity between cutaneous and myopathic symptoms. PMID- 7270378 TI - The common cold. AB - The clinical distinction between a patient who has a common cold with pharyngitis and a patient at risk for streptococcal pharyngitis is based on the symptoms that are present and those that are absent. Many other diagnostic distinctions in patients with a common cold or similar acute respiratory illnesses can be made, using readily available information. Management can be cost-effective and of low toxicity when the relative merits and risks of each preparation and its constituents are understood. PMID- 7270379 TI - Bruising and recurrent bleeding in children. PMID- 7270380 TI - Clonidine for narcotic withdrawal. PMID- 7270381 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 7270382 TI - Timolol-induced bronchospasm. PMID- 7270383 TI - Relationship between segmental abnormalities and global left ventricular function in coronary artery disease: validation of a theoretical model. AB - A theoretical model of the heart, which suggests a direct relationship between segmental abnormalities of left ventricular (LV) wall motion (WM) and LV ejection fraction (EF), was tested using two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and multiple-gated equilibrium blood pool scintigraphy (MGES) in a population of 25 coronary artery disease patients. MGES was used to determine EF, and 2DE was used to develop a method of analysis of LV segmental WM abnormalities. Two orthogonal apical 2DE views were analyzed. The length of the end-diastolic segments in which normal contraction occurred during systole were measured in each view, summed and divided by the sum of the end-diastolic silhouette lengths. The fraction thus created was multiplied by 100 and defined as the percentage of normally contracting myocardium (%NCM). %NCM correlated well with EF determined by MGES (r = 0.94). Determination of %NCM was highly reproducible for the same observer (r = 0.98), as well as for two observers (r = 0.98), and the standard error of estimate was low in both cases (4%). These findings, in addition to confirming the theoretical model, provide a new technique to assess LV segmental WM abnormalities by 2DE. PMID- 7270385 TI - Clinical assessment of heart chamber size and valve motion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - It has been generally accepted that enhanced blood flow during closed-chest CPR is generated from compression of the heart between the sternum and the spine. To visualize the heart during closed-chest massage, we performed two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) during resuscitation efforts in four patients who had cardiac arrest. 2DE analysis showed that (1) the LV internal dimensions did not change appreciably with chest compression; (2) the mitral and aortic valves were open simultaneously during the compression phase; (3) blood flow into the right heart, as evidenced by saline bubble contrast, occurred during the relaxation phase; and (4) compression of the right ventricle and LA occurred in varying amounts in all patients. We conclude that stroke volume from the heart during CPR does not result from compression of the LV. Rather, CPR-induced improved cardiocirculatory dynamics appear to be principally the result of changes in intrathoracic pressure created by sternal compression. PMID- 7270384 TI - Prognostic implications of reduction of left ventricular filling pressure in early transmural acute myocardial infarction. AB - The left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) was measured within 12 hours of onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 99 patients, including 21 nonsurvivors. Initial LVFP for survivors was 18 +/- 6 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) and for nonsurvivors was 24 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than 0.005). Of the total population, 87% had initial LVFP of 12 mm Hg or greater and all nonsurvivors were in this group. Life table analysis was employed to determine LVFP related mortality rates. If initial LVFP was less than or equal to 18 mm Hg, 72-hour mortality rate was 4% and 30-day mortality rate was 10%. For initial LVFP greater than 18 mm Hg, 72 hour mortality rate was 21% and 30-day mortality rate was 33% (p less than 0.005 for both 72 hours and 30 days). When final LVFP was analyzed 30-day mortality rate for final LVFP less than or equal to 18 mm Hg was 5%. Mortality rate of 60% was observed for final LVFP greater than 18 mm Hg. We compared sequential measurements of LVFP in a subset of survivors and nonsurvivors and observed that long-term average trend was for survivors to decrease their LVFP. We conclude that AMI mortality rate is related to LVFP and that LVFP greater than 18 mm Hg is associated with very high mortality rate when compared to LVFP less than or equal to 18 mm Hg. Thus reduction of LVFP either spontaneously or as result of therapy may lower AMI mortality rate. PMID- 7270386 TI - Detection of tricuspid regurgitation and estimation of central venous pressure by two-dimensional contrast echocardiography of the right superior hepatic vein. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) was utilized to visualize the right superior hepatic vein (RSHV) for detection of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and estimation of central venous pressure (CVP). Patients were divided into two groups. Eighteen patients were placed in group I on the basis of typical clinical features of TR (five patients) or 2DE contrast evidence of TR (13 patients). Group II included 55 patients without TR. Maximal transverse dimension of RSHV of at least 1.8 cm (range 1.8 to 3.8 cm, mean 2.4 cm) identified all patients in group I (100% sensitivity). One patient in Group II had RSHV width of 2.1 cm (96% specificity). Predictive value was 95%. RSHV width ranged from 0.4 to 2.1 cm (mean 1.3 cm) in group II. Mean values for group I and II were significantly different (p less than 0.001). Linear regression analysis was utilized to compare CVP and maximal RSHV width in 42 patients (15 group I and 27 group II). The slope of the line was significantly different from zero (p less than 0.005); the correlation coefficient was 0.70. In patients with maximal RSHV width greater than 1.5 cm, the predictive value for elevated CVP (greater than 6 mm Hg) was 87% with 69% sensitivity and 78% specificity. In 13 group II patients with technically satisfactory 2DE but no distinctly visible RSHV, CVP ranged from 4 to 12 mm Hg with four elevated values (greater than 6 mm Hg). Predictive value of normal CVP in absence of visible RSHV was 69%. This study suggests that determination of maximal RSHV width is useful in detection of TR and may be helpful in estimation of CVP. PMID- 7270388 TI - Characteristics of commonly utilized permanent endocardial and epicardial pacemaker electrode systems: method of radiologic identification. PMID- 7270387 TI - Electrophysiologic studies of supraventricular tachycardia in children. II. Prediction of specific mechanism by noninvasive features. PMID- 7270389 TI - Balloon dilatation of ductus arteriosus in a newborn with interrupted aortic arch and ventricular septal defect. PMID- 7270390 TI - Adult-onset familial infra-Hisian block. PMID- 7270391 TI - Female adolescent Buerger's disease: objective documentation and therapeutic remission. PMID- 7270392 TI - Campylobacter pericarditis in hypothyroidism. PMID- 7270393 TI - Nonejection systolic click in mitral stenosis. PMID- 7270394 TI - Effects of diazepam on the exercise electrocardiogram. PMID- 7270395 TI - Fatal VF due to bradycardia-dependent prolonged QTc with postextrasystolic reduced PVC-prematurity. PMID- 7270396 TI - Virulent endocarditis involving the viridans group of streptococci. PMID- 7270397 TI - Concurrent initiation of heparin and warfarin therapy. PMID- 7270398 TI - Neurologic symptoms from calcific microemboli in aortic stenosis. PMID- 7270399 TI - New modalities in the management of heart failure. Proceedings of a symposium: University of Connecticut Avery Point, Groton, Connecticut, June 16-17, 1980. PMID- 7270400 TI - Heart failure: pathophysiology and treatment. PMID- 7270401 TI - Clinical results with prenalterol in patients with heart failure. AB - The hemodynamic effect of 75 to 225 microgram/kg prenalterol (PNL) intravenously were studied at rest and during exercise in eight patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) after myocardial infraction (three patients), valvular surgery (three patients), and congestive cardiomyopathy (two patients). All head New York Health Association functional class III and IV CHF and were receiving digitalis and diuretics. With PNL at rest, left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) fell from 17 to 12 mm Hg, cardiac index (CI) rose from 2.1 to 2.9 L/min/m2, heart rate (HR) increased mildly, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) declined moderately, and peripheral arterial pressure was unchanged. During PNL exercise compared with control, LVFP rise was less and CI, HR, and SVR responses were similar; dyspnea and angina were reduced in most patients. The eight patients were than given PNL orally, 30 to 200 mg/day, versus placebo for 6 days with comparative evaluation by echocardiogram, systolic time intervals (STI), exercise test, and continuous ECG. With PNL orally five of eight patients improved symptomatically, ejection fraction increased from 0.44 to 0.53, and STI preejection period shortened by 10 msec, without change in resting HR or systemic arterial blood pressure. The incidence of ventricular premature beats was not increased. PNL orally vs placebo exercise capacity increased 10%. Thus PNL may be of value for long-term CHF treatment in addition to conventional therapy. PMID- 7270402 TI - Therapeutic efficacy or oral pirbuterol in severe chronic congestive heart failure: acute hemodynamic and long-term ambulatory evaluation. PMID- 7270403 TI - Problems in assessment of new pharmacologic agents for the heart failure patient. AB - Modern management of congestive heart failure (CHF) employs inotropic drugs, vasodilators, and diuretics. Although pharmacologic classification of drugs is possible in animals, identification of predominant hemodynamic mechanisms in humans is more complex, because many effects of vasodilators and inotropic drugs are similar. We compared the effects of a vasodilator, prazosin, and two agents with both inotropic and vasodilatory properties, amrinone and pirbuterol, on cardiac index (CI), mean aortic pressure, left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), LV filling pressure (LVFP), systemic vascular resistance, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) in 34 patients with advanced CHF. We concluded that (1) a rise in CI and LVEF, together with a fall in LVFP, does not necessarily indicate an inotropic effect; (2)both CI and LVEF may be increased by an inotropic mechanism in advanced CHF without a rise in MVO2; and (3) a drug-induced rise in LVSWI with stable or lower LVFP suggests an inotropic mechanism of action. PMID- 7270404 TI - Hemodynamic effects of prazosin in chronic heart failure. AB - Three series of investigations were carried out with prazosin (PZN) hydrochloride. In the first, hemodynamic effects of PZN were compared with those of hydralazine (HDZ) in 11 patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). In doses up to 5 mg, PZN increased cardiac output (CO) 20% accompanied by a 20% decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (LVFP). HDZ increased CO by 50% with little or no effect on LVFP. An additional 12 patients were given multiple 5 mg doses of PZN at 6-hour intervals with measurements of hemodynamic and plasma blood levels. Results suggested an attenuation of the effects of PZN on increasing CO but not on decreasing LVFP. This attenuation of CO was not due to inadequate plasma levels. Acute exercise studies (supine bicycle) were performed in 10 patients with severe CHF before and after the administration of several doses of PZN. There appeared to be a greater effect of PZN during exercise than at rest, with a beneficial increase in CO and reduction in LVFP. These data suggest that, despite hemodynamic attenuation of its effects on CO at rest, PZN may still be beneficial to active patients with CHF. In vitro studies with various vasodilators were performed to evaluate potential intropic effects. Isometric force (cat papillary muscle) increased 2% with 10-4M and 31% with 10-3M HDZ. PZN increased force 4% at 10-6M and 18% at 10-4M. Captopril did not increase force development at any dose level. The doses of HDZ and PZN that increased force development were higher than usual clinical doses. PMID- 7270405 TI - Patient education--its time has come. PMID- 7270406 TI - What I expect--what I get: a consumer's view. PMID- 7270407 TI - The community pharmacy as a health education center. PMID- 7270409 TI - Resolving role conflict: suggestions from practitioners. PMID- 7270408 TI - Patient education--how practitioners see it: a 'roundtable. PMID- 7270410 TI - Training future communicators. PMID- 7270411 TI - Patient characteristics: how adults learn. PMID- 7270412 TI - The hidden meaning of body language. PMID- 7270414 TI - Written patient information: the PHARMEX approach. PMID- 7270413 TI - Written patient information: USPC's approach. PMID- 7270415 TI - NMAT and the hospitalized patient. PMID- 7270416 TI - A development plan for support staff. PMID- 7270418 TI - The economic future of health care. PMID- 7270417 TI - The calcium blockers. PMID- 7270419 TI - A forecast of pharmacy economics. PMID- 7270420 TI - Fluorides--and the pharmacist's role in the prevention of dental caries. PMID- 7270421 TI - Pharmaceutical analysis: key to drug quality and control. PMID- 7270422 TI - Professional income under different payment plans. PMID- 7270423 TI - Law school for pharmacists? PMID- 7270425 TI - Pharmacy: profession in transition. PMID- 7270424 TI - Concerning the case of United States v. American Pharmaceutical Association and Michigan State Pharmaceutical Association, civil no. G75-558 CA5, W.D. Michigan. PMID- 7270426 TI - A method for determining glass in rat lung after exposure to a glass fiber aerosol. AB - Inhalation toxicology studies of glass fibers require a knowledge of the dose deposited in the lungs of exposed animals. A method is described which uses the quantity of acid-insoluble sodium present in rat lungs to determine the lung burdens of glass by mass after exposure to glass fiber aerosol. The glass fibers used contained 7.3% sodium. This sodium was measured in lung homogenates after acid washing and fusion in Li2CO3. The lower limit of detection was estimated as 40 microgram of this glass in rat lung. Results of an in vitro dissolution study indicated that a portion of the sodium present in the glass fibers was dissolved at a faster rate than the glass itself. This preferential dissolution may result in a small (5-25%) underestimation of glass in lung. This method was used to determine lung burdens of glass in rats after 1, 2, 4 or 5 exposures to a glass fiber aerosol (count median diameter: 0.11 micrometer, count median length: 8.3 micrometer). Five 6-hour exposures at an average concentration of 47 mg/m3 resulted in a lung burden of 176 microgram of glass. It was estimated that 41-48% of the lung burden was cleared between daily exposures. PMID- 7270427 TI - Effective heat strain index using pocket computer. AB - An effective heat strain index (EHSI) using a hand calculator with memory is suggested for on-site evaluation of prevailing hot ambient conditions. The inputs to the programmed calculator include dry-bulb, wet-bulb and globe temperatures, and estimates of metabolism and air movements. The index is based on a program for calculation of the total heat balance and on the efficiency of sweating. The display of information on the ambient conditions EHSI display is one of following: no strain; low strain; high strain; or time limits of exposure. PMID- 7270428 TI - Physiological responses to resistance breathing during short and prolonged exercise. AB - Respirators which impose a resistance to breathing may cause a limitation in maximum exercise intensity. This limitation is of particular concern when respirators are used in emergency situations requiring high levels of exercise intensity. Many studies have defined the limitations of exercise intensity imposed by breathing resistance as the point where the subject feels "uncomfortable". Perhaps of greater importance is the true physiological limit. Using motivated subjects, the physiological limits of exercise intensity and related respiratory responses resistances of 11, 16, 25, 40, and 57 cm H2O pressure at a flow rate of 120 L.min-1 exercise limits were 72, 72, 79, 60, and 54 percent of maximum aerobic capacity (% VO2 max) for the short term and 58, 60, 49, 43, and 35% VO2max for the prolonged exercise (1 hour). The presence of significant external resistance to breathing was found to influence the traditional relationship between exercise intensity and duration. PMID- 7270429 TI - Dry removal of asbestos. AB - A method for the dry removal of friable asbestos has been developed. The Workplace Safety and Health Branch in Manitoba's Limited have co-operated in the production of an improved procedure. It was employed for the first time in the fall of 1979 when the Industrial Hygiene Section was asked for advice about removal of asbestos from a Winnipeg School Division warehouse. Fans were used to maintain the work area under negative pressure to prevent the spread of asbestos throughout the building. The exhaust air was filtered to prevent environmental contamination, and special precautions were taken to protect workers. PMID- 7270430 TI - Stress thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy for the detection of individual coronary arterial lesions in patients with and without previous myocardial infarction. AB - The value of stress thallium-201 scintigraphy for detecting individual coronary arterial stenoses was analyzed in 141 patients with angiographically proved coronary artery disease, 101 with and 40 without a previous myocardial infarction. In patients without infarction, the sensitivity for detecting greater than 50 percent narrowing in the left anterior descending, the right and the left circumflex coronary artery was 66, 53 and 24 percent, respectively. In those with a previous infarction, the sensitivity for demonstrating disease in the artery corresponding to the site of infarction was 100 percent for the left anterior descending, 79 percent for the right and 63 percent for the left circumflex coronary artery. In patients with a prior anterior infarction, concomitant right or left circumflex coronary arterial lesions were detected in only 1 of 12 cases, whereas in those with previous inferior or inferolateral infarction, the sensitivity for left anterior descending coronary artery disease was 69 percent. Because of the reasonably high sensitivity for detecting left anterior descending arterial disease, irrespective of the presence and location of previous infarction, myocardial scintigraphy was useful in identifying multivessel disease in patients with a previous inferior infarction. However, because of its relative insensitivity for right or left circumflex coronary artery disease, scintigraphy proved to be a poor predictor of multivessel disease in patients with a prior anterior infarction and in patients without previous myocardial infarction. PMID- 7270431 TI - Exercise thallium-201 myocardial imaging in left main coronary artery disease: sensitive but not specific. AB - To determine the usefulness of thallium-201 scintigraphy for identifying left main coronary artery disease, the results of scintigraphy at rest and during exercise were compared in 24 patients with 50 percent or greater narrowing of the left main coronary artery and 80 patients with 50 percent or greater narrowing of one or more of the major coronary arteries but without left main coronary involvement. By segmental analysis of the scintigrams, perfusion defects were assigned to the left anterior descending, left circumflex or right coronary artery, singly or in combination, and the pattern of simultaneous left anterior descending and circumflex arterial defects was used to identify left main coronary artery disease. Of the 24 patients with left main coronary artery disease, 22 (92 percent) had abnormal exercise scintigrams. Despite this high sensitivity, the pattern of perfusion defects was not specific; the "left main pattern" was found in 3 patients (13 percent) with left main coronary artery disease but also in 3 (33 percent) of 9 patients with combined left anterior descending and left circumflex arterial disease, 4 (19 percent) of 21 patients with three vessel disease and 3 (6 percent) of 50 patients with one or two vessel disease but excluding the group with left anterior descending plus left circumflex arterial disease. The pattern of perfusion defects in the patients with left main coronary artery disease was determined by the location and severity of narrowings in the coronary arteries downstream from the left main arterial lesion. Concomitant lesions in other arteries were found in all patients with left main coronary disease (one vessel in 1 patient, two vessels in 7 patients and three vessels in 16). For this reason, it is unlikely that even with improvements in radiopharmaceutical agents and imaging techniques, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy will be sufficiently specific for definitive identification of left main coronary artery disease. PMID- 7270432 TI - The inconsistent pattern of thallium defects: a clue to the false positive perfusion scintigram. AB - Exercise thallium myocardial scintigrams were analyzed in 76 consecutive patients with documented normal coronary arteries to identify the factors associated with abnormal or "false positive" studies. The thallium scintigrams had been judged normal in 60 patients (79 percent) and abnormal in 16 (21 percent). Analysis of the location of thallium defects in the 16 patients with abnormal scintigrams revealed a pattern that was consistent with coronary artery disease in 5, including 4 with an abnormal left ventricle, and a pattern that was inconsistent in the other 11. In 9 of these 11 patients the pattern of defects suggested soft tissue attenuation, by the diaphragm in 2 and breast or adipose tissue in 7, whereas in the other 2 patients isolated apical defects were seen. Among exercise myocardial scintigrams performed in 68 randomly selected patients with abnormal coronary arteries, 6 (9 percent) were reported to be normal. In four patients with abnormal scintigrams, the diagnosis of coronary artery disease was based on an inconsistent pattern. In three of these the pattern was related to isolated apical defects and in one it was related to apparent soft tissue attenuation. "Consistent" scintigraphic defects, seen frequently in patients with normal coronary arteries, in whom they are usually associated with an abnormal left ventricle. In patients with normal coronary arteries, "inconsistent" thallium defects are probably related to soft tissue attenuation or to normal apical thinning. Although defects caused by isolated apical abnormalities and soft tissue attenuation are also seen in patients with coronary diseases and add somewhat to scintigraphic sensitivity, they are a rare cause of diagnostic scintigraphic abnormalities in patients with coronary disease. The incidence of false positive thallium scintigrams could be reduced and overall accuracy improved by careful attention to the pattern of thallium defects. PMID- 7270433 TI - Value of exercise thallium-201 imaging in patients with diagnostic and nondiagnostic exercise electrocardiograms. AB - The role of exercise imaging with thallium-201 in the evaluation of patients suspected of having coronary artery disease was studied in 194 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary arteriography. Ninety-eight patients had 70 percent or more narrowing of one or more coronary vessels and 96 patients had either no or insignificant coronary artery disease. One hundren twenty-three of the 194 patients had conclusive treadmill exercise electrocardiograms (either positive or negative), and 71 had inconclusive exercise electrocardiograms. Fifty four of the 98 patients with coronary artery disease were receiving propranolol at the time of testing. Forty-five (83 percent) of the 54 patients receiving propranolol and 33 (75 percent) of the 44 patients not receiving propranolol had abnormal exercise thallium images (difference not significant). In patients with conclusive exercise electrocardiograms the sensitivity of exercise imaging was not significantly different from that of exercise electrocardiograms (80 versus 74 percent), but the sensitivity of both tests combined (92 percent) was higher than that of either test alone (p less than 0.01). The specificity of exercise imaging (97 percent) electrocardiograms the sensitivity of exercise imaging was not significantly different from that of exercise electrocardiograms (80 versus 74 percent), but the sensitivity of both tests combined (92 percent) was higher than that of either test alone (p less than 0.01). The specificity of exercise imaging (97 percent) electrocardiograms the sensitivity of exercise imaging was not significantly different from that of exercise electrocardiograms (80 versus 74 percent), but the sensitivity of both tests combined (92 percent) was higher than that of either test alone (p less than 0.01). The specificity of exercise imaging (97 percent) was higher than that of exercise electrocardiograms (86 percent, p less than 0.02). The specificity of both tests combined was not significantly different from that of exercise electrocardiograms alone. The sensitivity (79 percent) and specificity (95 percent) of exercise imaging were not significantly different in patients with inconclusive exercise electrocardiograms when compared with those in patients whose exercise electrocardiograms were conclusive. These data indicate that exercise imaging is sensitive and specific in diagnosing coronary artery disease in the presence of diagnostic as well as nondiagnostic exercise electrocardiograms and that propranolol therapy does not affect the results. PMID- 7270434 TI - Septal Q wave in exercise testing: angiographic correlation. AB - A study of septal Q wave response in lead CM5 was carried out to evaluate its usefulness in predicting coronary artery disease. Q wave amplitude was measured in 50 patients with coronary artery disease and 50 normal subjects before and immediately after exercise. In the 100 patients evaluated with coronary angiography, the septal Q wave in lead, CM5 was smaller in patients with coronary artery disease than in normal subjects at rest (probability [p] less than 0.001) and immediately after exercise (p less than 0.001). An embryonic (0.5 mm) or absent Q wave in lead CM5 was significantly more frequent in patients with coronary artery disease than in normal subjects both at rest (76 versus 48 percent) and after exercise (82 versus 16 percent). The sensitivity for S-T depression was 52 percent, the specificity 74 percent and the predictive value 70 percent. The respective values for Q wave were 82, 88 and 87 percent. These differences were not significant (p less than 0.05). When either a positive S-T or Q wave response was used, the sensitivity increased to 92 percent (p less than 0.05), and the specificity and predictive values remained unchanged (p less than 0.01). An increase in Q wave amplitude with exercise identified a false positive S-T segment response to stress in 75 percent of cases. Absence of the Q wave in lead CM5 with S-T depression after identified a true positive response in 100 percent of cases. These findings suggest that low Q wave voltage and it failure to increase after exercise imply abnormal septal activation, reflecting loss of contraction associated with ischemia. This finding may be a useful marker for ischemia; the increase in the septal Q wave with exercise may be of value in identifying a false positive S-T segment response. PMID- 7270435 TI - Anatomic and electrophysiologic correlates of ventricular tachycardia requiring left ventricular stimulation. AB - In 108 patients with reproducible initiation of ventricular tachycardia by programmed ventricular stimulation, the ventricular tachycardia was initiated only by left ventricular stimulation in 12 (11 percent). Programmed ventricular stimulation included single and double extrastimuli extrastimuli at three cycle lengths and bursts of rapid pacing to cycle lengths of 250 ms. Clinical, electrocardiographic, angiographic, hemodynamic and electrophysiologic data were available in 74 of 96 patients with ventricular tachycardia initiated by right ventricular stimulation (Group A) and in all 12 patients with ventricular tachycardia initiated only by left ventricular stimulation (Group B). there were no significant differences between Groups A and B in clinical characteristics, hemodynamics or presence and site of infarction or aneurysm. Comparison of electrophysiologic variables revealed no significant differences between Groups A and B mean A-H interval (92 +/- 22 versus 89 +/- 15 ms, respectively), H-V interval (59 +/- 15 versus 59 +/- 15 ms) or right ventricular (241 +/- 38 versus 260 +/- 40 ms) or left ventricular (232 +/- 28 versus 251 +/- 42 ms) effective refractory period. Ventricular tachycardia with right bundle branch block and superior axis was more prevalent in Group B (92 percent versus 31 percent, p less than 0.001) but was observed in 32 patients in Group A. It is concluded that 11 percent of patients with clinically documented sustained ventricular tachycardia will require left ventricular programmed stimulation to reproducibly initiate the tachycardia. No clinical, anatomic, electrocardiographic or electrophysiologic features can predict whether left ventricular programmed stimulation will be required. Because initiation of ventricular tachycardia by programmed ventricular stimulation has important prognostic and therapeutic implications in such patients, stimulation should be performed from the left ventricle when the tachycardia is not initiated by stimulation from the right ventricle. PMID- 7270436 TI - Redistribution of myocardial blood flow distal to a dynamic coronary arterial stenosis by sympathomimetic amines: comparison of dopamine, dobutamine and isoproterenol. AB - The effects of dopamine, dobutamine and isoproterenol on coronary hemodynamics, severity of stenosis, distal bed resistance and transmural myocardial perfusion gradients with radioactive microspheres were studied in dogs with a mild obstruction of the left circumflex coronary artery anesthetized with morphine chloralose. Changes in transmural blood flow were related to the ratio of the diastolic aortic pressure-time index to tension-time index (DPTI/TTI) and the ratio of the distal diastolic coronary pressure-time index to tension-time index (DDPTI/TTI). At doses of 5 microgram/kg per min, dopamine had no significant effect on DPTI/TTI, DDPTI/TTI or endocardial/epicardial flow ratio; however, dobutamine produced a slight decrease in this flow ratio and in DDPTI/TTI. At doses of 10 microgram/kg per min, both drugs produced a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in diastolic coronary pressure distal to the stenosis. DDPTI/TTI and endocardial/epicardial flow ratio without change in DPTI/TTI. In comparison, isoproterenol (0.01 and 0.05 microgram/kg per min) produced dose-related decreases in endocardial/epicardial flow ratio, DDPTI/TTI and DPTI/TTI. During infusion of each sympathomimetic agent, there was a corresponding reduction in distal bed vascular resistance but a concomitant increase in stenosis resistance. The results also show that dopamine and dobutamine, as well as isoproterenol, area capable of producing a maldistribution of coronary blood flow distal to a mild coronary arterial stenosis and that such a redistribution of glow is dependent on dose, reduction of the distal diastolic coronary pressure-time index and decrease in DDPTI/TTI. It is further concluded that hemodynamic changes distal to a coronary arterial stenosis seriously jeopardize the usefulness of DPTI/TTI; however, DDPTI/TTI can be used to predict drug effects on the endocardial/epicardial flow ratio in an ischemic area. This study demonstrates that "fixed" stenoses can undergo dynamic processes and sympathomimetic amines increase the resistance to flow through a stenotic coronary artery in the nonfailing heart. PMID- 7270437 TI - Nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia induced by electrical stimulation in 3 week old canine myocardial infarction. AB - To study the electrophysiology of ventricular tachycardia 3 to 4 weeks after myocardial infarction in a canine model, an anteroapical transmural infarct was created in 40 dogs by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. An average of 25 days after myocardial infarction 32 dogs that survived the infarction and 4 control dogs with a sham operation underwent open chest electrophysiologic study. No ventricular arrhythmias could be induced by any mode of ventricular stimulation in any of the four control animals. Twenty-seven of 32 dogs with myocardial infarction had reproducible ventricular arrhythmias in response to ventricular stimulation. In 17 animals sustained uniform ventricular tachycardia could be reproducibly initiated by programmed ventricular stimulation. In another 10 dogs with myocardial infarction, the same modes of ventricular stimulation reproducibly initiated ventricular fibrillation. Seven of these 10 dogs also manifested reproducible nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, characterized by beat to beat variation in QRS complex configuration and cycle length, in response to programmed ventricular stimulation. Nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and sustained uniform ventricular tachycardia were rarely observed in the same dog and appeared to have different underlying mechanisms. PMID- 7270438 TI - Relation between conduction delay and ventricular fibrillation: characteristics of conduction of premature impulses during acute myocardial ischemia. AB - Critical conduction delay has been shown to be the important factor in reentrant arrhythmias. To determine the causal relation between conduction delay and spontaneous ischemic ventricular fibrillation, conduction delay of induced premature ventricular impulses in the ischemic and the border zones of ventricular myocardium was investigated in 23 dogs. There were 8 control dogs, 9 dogs that manifested ventricular fibrillation within 30 minutes of ligation of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery (group I), and 6 dogs that manifested ventricular fibrillation between 30 and 60 minutes of ligation of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (group II). Conduction delay was measured as the change of conduction time from preligation levels to postligation levels in epicardial and endocardial sites in both base to apex (anterograde) and apex to base (retrograde) directions. Conduction delay in all four directions was compared in the control group and groups I and II (ventricular fibrillation). By means of continuous recordings on tape, the origin of ventricular fibrillation was determined to be in the ischemic zone (13 of 15 dogs) or in the border zone (2 of 15 dogs). Conduction delay in all directions was greater in the group with ventricular fibrillation whether the fibrillation occurred after the first or second ligation. Specifically, epicardial anterograde conduction (in the border zone) and retrograde conduction (in the ischemic zone) were significantly delayed in group I. Conduction in group II was significantly delayed in both the ischemic and the border zones in three of four directions at 35 minutes. The rate of change of conduction time in all four directions was significantly greater in the group with ventricular fibrillation than in the control group. Pending further work, this model may provide a reliable marker for the development of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial ischemia and may permit assessment of various interventions as specific therapy for acute reentrant ischemic tachyarrhythmias leading to ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 7270439 TI - Prediction of postoperative performance in aortic valve disease. AB - A new direct method has been developed for predicting postoperative performance in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. Employing micromanometry and cineangiography, a number of conventional hemodynamic and angiographic variables, including the peak value of the first derivative of ventricular pressure divided by ventricular pressure (dP/dt/P)max, were evaluated in 171 patients studied preoperatively and in 44 patients studied pre- and postoperatively with an additional 14 patients serving as control subjects. Normal contractile state relations (dP/dt/P)max versus end-diastolic pressure (over a range of 125 mm Hg or less to more than 15 mm Hg) were derived from patients whose preoperative ejection fraction and peak wall stress were equal to or more than control mean--2 standard deviations. Postoperative function was predicted to be abnormal (ejection fraction less than control mean--2 standard deviations) if preoperative values of (dP/dt/P)max and end-diastolic pressure fell below the 95 percent confidence bands of these contractile state relations. The method accurately predicted postoperative function in 40 of 44 patients with a sensitivity of 100 percent. This result was confirmed by a discriminant function analysis (based on preoperative ejection fraction, end-diastolic pressure and [dP/dt/P]max) that yielded correct classifications in 42 of 44 patients. These studies indicate that the preoperative contractile state of the myocardium is the major determinant of postoperative performance in aortic valve disease. PMID- 7270440 TI - Right ventricular ejection fraction and volumes after mustard repair: correlation of two dimensional echocardiograms and cineangiograms. AB - The right ventricular ejection fractions derived from two dimensional echocardiograms and cineangiograms were compared in 24 children. All patients (aged 2.1 to 16 years) had undergone Mustard repair for transposition of the great arteries 1 to 12 years earlier. The correlation of the two methods was excellent (r = 0.977), confirming the usefulness of echocardiography for deriving ejection fraction. The volume components of the ejection fraction were less well estimated from the echocardiograms, but the ratios of end-diastolic to end systolic volumes estimated from each method were similar. PMID- 7270441 TI - Hemodynamic abnormalities in response to supine exercise in patients after operative correction of tetrad of Fallot after early childhood. AB - The exercise hemodynamic values in two groups of patients with repaired tetrad of Fallot (eight patients with some residual pulmonary insufficiency and seven patients without insufficiency) were compared with values in seven patients with trivial pulmonary stenosis who had not been operated on. The patients with tetrad of Fallot underwent surgery after age 8 years and all had a good hemodynamic repair (no shunts and a right ventricular systolic pressure at rest of less than 60 mm Hg). Exercise increased the right ventricular outflow tract gradient by the same magnitude in all three groups of patients. However, both surgically treated groups experienced impaired cardiac pump function on supine exercise (that is, a lower than anticipated cardiac index for the amount of oxygen consumed and a significant decrease in stroke index). Exercise also caused both groups with repair to have a decrease in stroke index and a concomitant increase in right ventricular end-diastolic and pulmonary wedge pressures; in contrast, the patients with pulmonary arterial stenosis had an increase in stroke index and a concomitant decrease in right ventricular end-diastolic and pulmonary wedge pressures. These findings indicate that an impaired cardiac response to supine exercise can occur in patients in whom intracardiac repair of tetrad of Fallot was performed after early childhood, even though they have had a good hemodynamic repair. In addition, the impaired cardiac response to supine exercise in these patients was probably due largely to an altered myocardial compliance rather than to either residual pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary insufficiency. PMID- 7270442 TI - Axial cineangiographic evaluation of the posterior ventricular septal defect. AB - The posterior or inlet ventricular septal defect may occur as an isolated anomaly or in combination with other defects. Axial cineangiography is the best means to delineate the anatomy of this defect as well as to exclude the presence of other ventricular septal defects. The posterior ventricular septal defect can be recognized in the four chamber view by obliteration of the septum by contrast medium flowing across the defect. Anterosuperior extension into the perimembranous region is identified by obliteration of the septum in the long axial oblique view. The presence of a posterior ventricular septal defect can be suspected on the basis of a two dimensional echocardiogram or electrocardiographic left axis deviation. When this is the case, the four chamber view should be performed first so that contrast material in the liver blood pool from a previous injection does not interfere with image quality. PMID- 7270443 TI - Effect of propranolol on postexercise left ventricular ejection time index. AB - The net delta left ventricular ejection time index 4 minutes after exercise is prolonged in many patients with coronary artery disease. This prolongation is thought to be due to the lack of response of the ischemic myocardium to adrenergic stimulation and has been proposed as a measure of myocardial ischemia. In this study, the effect of beta adrenergic blockade on net delta left ventricular ejection time was studied in nine normal subjects (Group A) and in eight patients with stable angina and coronary artery disease (Group B). In Group A, a treadmill exercise test was performed for 10 minutes before and after administration of propranolol, 160 mg daily, for 2 days. The postexercise net delta left ventricular ejection time was significantly greater after propranolol (mean +/- standard error of the mean 12 +/- 4 versus 35 +/- 4 ms, p less than 0.01). In group B a maximal treadmill exercise test was performed before and after therapy with propranolol. Only patients with a normal net delta left ventricular ejection time before propranolol were selected. The net delta left ventricular ejection time again increased significantly after propranolol (11.5 +/- 4 versus 35.3 +/- 5 ms p less than 0.01). It is concluded that prolongation of postexercise net delta left ventricular ejection time cannot be used to diagnose ischemia in patients who are receiving propranolol therapy. Our data support the hypothesis that prolongation of net delta left ventricular ejection time after exercise is caused by an impaired myocardial response to catecholamines, whether due to ischemia or effective beta adrenergic blockade. PMID- 7270445 TI - Carotid endarterectomy and hypertension. PMID- 7270444 TI - Oral hydralazine in patients with pulmonary vascular disease secondary to congenital heart disease. AB - Two patients with pulmonary vascular obstructive disease secondary to congenital heart disease were evaluated hemodynamically before and during oral hydralazine therapy. Both patients were assessed postoperatively and had no significant residual shunts. Pulmonary vascular resistance failed to decrease, and an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure occurred because of increased cardiac output secondary to systemic arteriolar dilatation. These responses were sufficiently consistent to warrant a warning against the use of oral hydralazine except under controlled conditions in patients with secondary pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. PMID- 7270446 TI - Coronary spasm and coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 7270447 TI - Intracoronary infusion of streptokinase in patients with acute myocardial infarction: effects of reperfusion on left ventricular performance. AB - Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography were performed on hospital admission in 32 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction. Twenty-six patients had total occlusion of an infarct-related coronary artery and six had severe proximal stenosis with poor distal flow. In 18 of the 26 patients with total occlusion, intracoronary infusion of streptokinase resulted in reperfusion of the distal coronary artery. Seventeen of these 18 patients had severe coronary arterial stenosis at the site of the previous total occlusion. Hemodynamic indexes of left ventricular performance and ejection fraction determined by gated cardiac blood pool imaging did not change immediately after reperfusion (p [probability] = not significant [NS]). The mean (+/- standard deviation) left ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly (p = 0.007) from admission (44 +/- 15 percent) to hospital discharge (55 +/- 7 percent) in patients evidencing reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery. It did not change (p = NS) in this time span in the patients with severe stenosis alone, in those with total occlusion not demonstrating reperfusion after administration of streptokinase or in an additional 10 control patients with acute myocardial infarction not evaluated with coronary angiography. These data suggest that (1) coronary arterial thrombus is frequent in acute myocardial infarction and can be lysed by intracoronary streptokinase; (2) reperfusion with intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction results in improved left ventricular performance between admission and hospital discharge. PMID- 7270448 TI - Comparative study of myocardial ischemia during angina at rest and on exertion using thallium-201 scintigraphy. PMID- 7270449 TI - Response of normal and abnormal sinus node to right ventricular stimulation. AB - Right ventricular pacing at progressively increasing rates was performed in 25 patients with complete ventriculoatrial block, before and after autonomic blockade with intravenous propranolol and atropine. At the end of each ventricular pacing stage a right intraatrial electrogram and electrocardiographic leads were simultaneously recorded. The relation between right ventricular pacing and atrial rates was studied from the recordings obtained at each pacing stage in both group I, 8 patients with sick sinus syndrome, and group II, 17 patients with normal sinus function. Right ventricular pacing was associated with an increment in atrial rate that ws significantly smaller (probability [p] less than 0.001) in patients in group I (mean +/- standard error of the mean 8 +/- 6 beats/min) than in group II (mean 25 +/- 10 beats/min). The maximal atrial rate reached during right ventricular pacing exceeded 80 beats/min in all patients in group II but remained less than 74 beats/min in patients in group I. Because autonomic blockade did not significantly influence the preceding results, it is concluded that a mechanical effect on the sinus node may explain this phenomenon. PMID- 7270450 TI - Occurrence and significance of endothelial cells in implanted porcine bioprosthetic valves. AB - Histologic and scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies were made to determine the frequency of occurrence of endothelial cells in 49 porcine valve bioprostheses removed from 43 patients 2 days to 113 months (average 35 months) after implantation. Endothelial cells were found in none of 17 bioprostheses in place for less than 1 year, in 5 (23 percent) of 22 in place for 1 to 5 years and in 7 (70 percent) of 10 in place for longer than 5 years. The 12 bioprostheses in which endothelial cells were present had been implanted in the atrioventricular position (7 of 32 in the mitral position and 5 of 6 in the tricuspid position) for 21 to 113 months (average 71). Endothelial cells were not found in any of 11 bioprostheses implanted in the semilunar position (9 in the aortic position and 2 in pulmonary conduits); however, all but one of these bioprostheses had been in place for less than 5 years. Endothelial cells were concentrated along the basal regions of the cusps. These cells did not grow in direct contact with valve collagen, but were attached to fibrin, thrombi or fibroelastic host tissue (fibrous sheath) on the valve surfaces. The growth of endothelial cells and associated fibrous tissue may serve to increase the structural stability of bioprosthetic valve cusps, which may be of functional importance several years after implantation when the porcine connective tissue may have undergone significant deterioration. PMID- 7270451 TI - Ischemic ventricular fibrillation: the importance of being spontaneous. AB - Although the energy level required to defibrillate normal myocardium is low and constant, as determined from studies of induced ventricular fibrillation, little is known of the specific energy requirements in regionally ischemic hearts for spontaneous or induced ventricular fibrillation. In this study the lowest energy threshold for defibrillation was determined in 10 open chest dogs with reversible 10 minute coronary occlusions at various sites for each of 44 events of ventricular fibrillation, using apical and superior vena caval electrodes with a generator providing variable output of 1 to 30 watt seconds. The ischemic mass, quantitated from postmortem angiographic and planimetric data, was 52 +/- 9 percent (mean +/- standard deviation) of the left ventricle in dogs with induced ventricular fibrillation (Group I), 52 +/- 12 percent in dogs with spontaneous ventricular fibrillation after occlusion (Group II) and 54 +/- 9 percent in dogs with spontaneous ventricular fibrillation after reperfusion (Group III). Defibrillation thresholds in watt seconds were 9 +/- 7 in Group I (n = 12), 19 +/ 10 in Group II (n = 13) and 18 +/- 10 in Group II (n = 19). (Group I versus Groups II and III, probability [p] less than 0.025). In nonischemic hearts, the defibrillation threshold was 3 +/- 2 (n = 32) (p less than 0.001 compared with values in Group I, II or III). Thus, despite similar masses of ischemia, twice as much energy was required for defibrillation of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation (whether after occlusion or reperfusion) as for induced ventricular fibrillation, suggesting that these conditions are caused by different metabolic or pathologic derangements. Such differences should be considered in assessing interventions such as drug therapy designed to inhibit the repetitive ventricular response and in design of implantable defibrillators. PMID- 7270452 TI - Effect of diltiazem on pacing-inducing ischemia in conscious dogs with coronary stenosis: improvement of postpacing deterioration of ischemic myocardial function. AB - The effects of diltiazem on regional myocardial function were examined in conscious dogs subjected to rapid cardiac pacing during coronary arterial stenosis. Ultrasonic dimension gauges were implanted within the left ventricle for measurement of the control and ischemic segment lengths. During coronary stenosis, percent shortening in the ischemic segment decreased by 18 percent. Heart rate was then suddenly increased by rapid cardiac pacing and this resulted in a further reduction of ischemic segmental shortening. On cessation of pacing, there was early potentiation of rate of increase of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt) and of control segmental shortening with subsequent exponential decay in sequential beats. In the ischemic segment, percent shortening returned to the control level in the first postpacing beat, became severely depressed at 5 seconds after pacing and gradually returned to the control level over the subsequent 5 minutes. Twenty minutes after administration of diltiazem, cardiac pacing was repeated in the same manner and there was less marked potentiation of dP/dt of the first postpacing beat. There ws no significant change in the postpacing dimension and function of the control segment; however, in the ischemic segment, although shortening of the first beat after termination of the pacing was similar, the post stimulation deterioration of shortening was significantly improved, percent shortening being augmented from 7.4 to 10.6 percent at 5 seconds (p less than 0.05). These findings indicate that diltiazem exerts protective effects on the ischemic myocardium by promoting a rapid recovery from ischemia. PMID- 7270453 TI - Atrial alternans: experimental echocardiographic and hemodynamic demonstration during programmed pacing. AB - Simultaneous hemodynamic and echocardiographic recordings were used to demonstrate mechanical atrial alternans during programmed atrioventricular (A-V) pacing in five open chest dogs. Each animal was studied in two stages, first with the A-V conduction system intact (phase I) and later after the experimental induction of complete A-V block (phase II). Atrial alternans was demonstrated during rapid atrial stimulation at cycle lengths ranging from 250 to 120 ms. During phase I, rapid atrial pacing resulted in complex combinations of variable A-V conduction disturbances with superimposed atrial and ventricular alternans. During phase II, atrial alternans could be observed during a programmed prolonged pause in ventricular activity. It is anticipated that this method will facilitate recognition of atrial alternans in various clinical situations and shed further light on its possible hemodynamic significance. PMID- 7270454 TI - Digital image processing of two dimensional echocardiograms: identification of the endocardium. AB - Digital computer image-processing techniques were applied to two dimensional echocardiograms to improve the accuracy of cardiac spatial measurements by enhancing endocardial recognition. Images were photographed from the two dimensional echocardiographic monitor and digitized using an optical densitometer. Image-processing algorithms were applied to the digitized images as follows: (1) Multiple images were averaged; (2) a gray level threshold was chosen to separate the image into tissue and cavity regions on the basis of amplitude (brightness) of the returning echoes; (3) endocardium was traced between the regions; (4) endocardial position was confirmed by matching this boundary with a contrast edge map of the original images; and (5) the endocardial boundaries were tested by comparison with simultaneous M mode echocardiograms. A linear correlation was found between M mode and computer-processed two dimensional echocardiographic measurements of ventricular septal thickness (r = 0.88); this was superior to the correlation between M mode and unprocessed two dimensional echocardiographic septal measurements (r = 0.55). The correlations between M mode and processed or unprocessed two dimensional echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular internal dimension were similar (r = 0.89 and 0.85, respectively), but the slope of the regression line for the processed data more closely approximated the line of identity (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that endocardial outlines derived with use of digital image-processing techniques lead to left ventricular measurements that correlate more closely with M mode measurements than do dimensions derived from unprocessed two dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7270455 TI - Effects of verapamil on supraventricular tachycardia in children. PMID- 7270456 TI - Angiography of atrioventricular canal defects. AB - The axial angiograms of 20 patients with an atrioventricular (A-V) canal defect were carefully examined and compared with anatomic observations made at operation. A common A-V valve was present in 15 patients and two separate valves in 5. The atrial septal defect, the anatomy of the ventricular septum and the morphology and functional status of the A-V valves were well demonstrated. There ws consistent angiographic deformation of the normally straight contour extending from the noncoronary aortic cusp to the crux cordis observed in the four chamber and elongated right anterior oblique projections of the left ventricular angiogram of each patient. This deformity is caused by the deficiency or absence of the A-V septum and is the best angiographic sign of the malformation. The differentiation of two separate valves from a common A-V valve was uniformly made. When a common A-V valve was present, three of the five leaflets were usually identified but distinction of the free floating from the tethered anterior leaflet was not always possible. It is concluded that axial techniques provide more complete angiographic definition of the anatomic abnormalities of A V canal defects than are demonstrated from frontal and lateral views. PMID- 7270457 TI - Intracardiac surgery in infants under age 3 months: incremental risk factors for hospital mortality. PMID- 7270458 TI - Intracardiac surgery in infants under age 3 months: predictors of postoperative in-hospital cardiac death. AB - Data are reported on 142 infants less than 3 months old who left the operating room alive after an open intracardiac operation during the 13 years from January 1967 to July 1980. The probability of postoperative in-hospital cardiac death for acute postoperative heart failure (the most common mode of death in these infants) was found by multivariate logistic analysis to be significantly related only to the strength of pedal pulses, the pedal skin temperature and the cardiac index in the first 5 postoperative hours. When cardiac index was not analyzed and cold cardioplegic myocardial preservation methods used, only pedal pulses and pedal skin temperature were significant predictors of hospital death. Blood pressure and heart rate were not related to this mode of hospital death. Oliguria occurred in 23 percent of patients; it was related primarily to inadequate cardiac performance and increased the probability of hospital death. Treatment protocols are derived based on these facts. PMID- 7270459 TI - Effect of aging on the electrocardiogram. AB - Previous cross-sectional population studies have shown age differences in electrocardiographic wave patterns, including lower wave amplitudes and a leftward shift of the frontal plane axis in older people. However, cross sectional results may be due to cohort differences and the data imply only that these changes actually occur in persons as they age. In order to examine electrocardiographic changes with aging in the same persons, serial recordings, obtained 10 years apart, were taken in 440 healthy male participants of the Normative Aging Study, who were 23 to 66 years old on their first examination. At examination 1, R and S wave amplitudes were smaller and frontal plane axis measurements were shifted to the left in older men. Longitudinal changes in these same variables were consistent with the cross-sectional results. In addition, the P-R and Q-T interval durations were longer, the QRS duration was shorter and the T wave amplitude was smaller at the second examination. The longitudinal rate of change of S wave amplitude varied among age groups, decreasing more in younger men. Thus, some previously described cross-sectional age differences truly represent longitudinal age trends in electrocardiographic patterns. PMID- 7270460 TI - Dobutamine in chronic ischemic heart failure: alterations in left ventricular function and coronary hemodynamics. AB - Changes in cardiac performance and coronary hemodynamics were evaluated during dobutamine infusion in patients with chronic heart failure associated with ischemic heart disease. At the maximal administered dose (10 micrograms/kg per min) cardiac index increased by 54 percent and stroke work index by 65 percent, indicating improved left ventricular function. Coronary sinus flow and myocardial oxygen consumption increased concomitantly, but myocardial lactate production occurred in only one of eight patients. These findings suggest that improved left ventricular function with dobutamine is associated with increased myocardial oxygen consumption; however, overt myocardial ischemia occurs infrequently. PMID- 7270461 TI - Permanent pacemaker infections: characterization and management. AB - From January 1974 to June 1980, a total of 46 patients were treated for infections involving permanent pacing systems. Demographic characteristics, types of infecting organisms, specific clinical features, significance of an infected foreign body and various medical and surgical treatment methods are described. Likely infecting organisms depend on the mode of presentation and the time course of the infection. Optimal treatment for the large majority of patients requires removal of the entire infected pacing system. In a subgroup of patients, a short course of antibiotic therapy followed by one stage surgery involving implantation of a new pacing system and concurrent explanation of the infected pacemaker was used safely with excellent results. PMID- 7270462 TI - Detection of left ventricular thrombi with radionuclide angiography. AB - Apparent filling defects compatible with left ventricular thrombus are occasionally noted in equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiograms. To define the usefulness of the radionuclide angiogram in detecting left ventricular thrombus, the anterior and left anterior oblique radionuclide angiograms of 39 patients with proved presence or absence of thrombus were blindly interpreted. The presence of thrombus was proved at autopsy in 5 patients, at cardiac operation in 2, or on indium-111 platelet imaging in 6; the absence of thrombus was proved at autopsy in 24 or at cardiac operation in 2. Overall, 13 radionuclide angiograms were interpreted as positive (n = 10) or equivocally positive (n = 3) for thrombus, and 26 studies were judged negative. The sensitivity of a positive or equivocally positive radionuclide angiogram for detection of thrombus was 77 percent (10 of 13 patients), the specificity 88 percent (23 of 26 patients), the positive predictive value 77 percent the negative predictive value 88 percent. If the three equivocal studies are instead considered negative for thrombus, the sensitivity was 62 percent, the specificity 92 percent, the positive predictive value 80 percent and the negative predictive value 93 percent. All thrombi were visualized in the anterior view in an area of akinetic or dyskinetic wall motion. A small group of 13 patients (8 with thrombus, 5 without) underwent two dimensional echocardiography, which was 100 percent sensitive and specific. The finding of a discrete filling defect or squared or cutoff ventricular apex in an area of abnormal wall motion in the anterior view of the radionuclide angiogram should suggest the diagnosis of ventricular thrombus, which may be confirmed by other noninvasive studies. PMID- 7270463 TI - Evaluation of left ventricular thrombus with computed tomography. PMID- 7270464 TI - Intracardiac phonocardiography in tricuspid regurgitation: relation to clinical and angiographic findings. AB - Intracardiac phonocardiograms were obtained from the right atrium in order to study the relation between the clinical signs of tricuspid regurgitation, intracardiac murmurs and the degree of regurgitation demonstrated on right ventriculography with use of a preshaped catheter. In five patients with no heart disease, right ventriculograms showed no evidence of tricuspid regurgitation and intracardiac phonocardiograms in the right atrium demonstrated no murmur. Among 35 patients with valvular heart disease, a Carvallo sign (increased intensity of systolic murmur during inspiration) was present in 19 and absent in 16. All 19 patients with a Carvallo sign had variable degrees of tricuspid regurgitation on right ventriculography, and intracardiac phonocardiograms were positive for tricuspid regurgitation in 18. Among 16 patients with an absent Carvallo sign, neither right ventriculography nor intracardiac phonocardiography was indicative of tricuspid regurgitation in 5. Five patients had 1+ regurgitation and the intracardiac phonocardiogram was positive in three of these five patients. The other six patients showed 3+ to 4+ regurgitation and the intracardiac phonocardiogram was positive for tricuspid regurgitation in all. In conclusion, (1) the Carvallo sign is a reliable indicator of tricuspid regurgitation but its absence does not rule it out, and (2) right ventriculography using a preshaped catheter and intracardiac phonocardiography are useful in detecting clinically unrecognized tricuspid regurgitation. PMID- 7270465 TI - Pulmonary venous dilatation in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. AB - A case of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease in an adult is presented. The diagnosis was suspected clinically and verified at cardiac catheterization. Balloon dilatation of the pulmonary veins was attempted at operation and later again in the catheterization laboratory. The result was a significant reduction in pulmonary venous to left atrial pressure gradient and angiographic evidence of increase in venous diameter. It appears that in the focal form of pulmonary venous occlusion, balloon dilatation may offer a therapeutic approach in an otherwise progressively lethal disease. PMID- 7270466 TI - Noninvasive measurement of ventricular pressure. PMID- 7270467 TI - Retinofugal projections of an echolocating megachiropteran. PMID- 7270468 TI - A fine-structural survey of the pulpal innervation in the rat mandibular incisor. AB - The innervation of the rat incisor pulp has been studied using transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. Transverse sections of mandibular incisor pulp (380-460 gm rats) from numerous positions in the long axis of the tooth were examined systematically in the electron microscopy. Quantitative data on total axon populations were obtained. The nerve fibers were found to pass through the lingual half of the pulp from the apical end to within 2 mm of the incisal tip. Although the nerve fibers were seen to lie amongst the connective tissue cells between the blood vessels, the electron microscopic observations showed that the blood vessels are not innervated. Throughout their pulpal course the nerve fibers showed no trace of perineurial investment. Virtually all the axons were unmyelinated. Total numbers of axons were small (233-328) and peak diameters of 0.3-0.4 microM confirmed the observed immature appearance of the nerve supply. Obvious nerve endings were seldom observed and the axons showed no structural association with odontoblasts. The evidence indicates that, although most axons terminate near the incisal end of the tooth, no specific structure is supplied. The qualitative features of the axons do not suggest autonomic function; however, they are consistent with a sensory role. PMID- 7270469 TI - Kidney of a juvenile okapi, Okapia johnstoni. AB - The kidney of the okapi is of the medullary crest type and is divided transversely into six lobes by encroachments of cortex into medulla. These lobes are demarcated externally by furrows. The collecting ducts open at the apex of the truncated medullary crest. The pelvis part of the kidney, or pars pelvina renis, is the entire inner medulla and is the only part exposed to the pelvic urine. The pelvis has 10 interlobar vascular eminences and extends peripherally along-side the interlobar vessels as 10 fornices. The vascular eminences are buttressed by 12 free-edged semilunar eminences, which form pouches across 12 intervascular eminences. At each pole a vascular eminence supplies blood vessels to a dorsal and a ventral intervascular eminence. The extrahilar portion of the renal vein consists mainly of a thick coat of longitudinal muscle. In the renal sinus this heavy muscular coat is absent. The tributaries of this vein open via conspicuous nonmuscular valves. The cortex is about 85% of the renal mass and has about 2.89 X 10(6) glomeruli, which form 4.85% of the cortical mass. The filtering surface of a glomerulus is 0.088 mm2, making the total filtering surface of one kidney 0.219 m2. The number of glomeruli per kidney falls into the line which relates number of glomeruli to adult body weight from mouse to elephant and is expressed by log N = 0.59 log W + 3.2 or by N - 1.585W0.59 where N is the number of glomeruli in one kidney and W the adult body weight. PMID- 7270470 TI - Localization of tritiated vitamin A in lymph nodes of the mouse: an autoradiographic study of vitamin A-storing cells. AB - Localization of tritiated vitamin A in lymph nodes of the mouse was investigated by the use of light- and electron-microscopic autoradiography. Young male mice were fed a diet containing 3H-vitamin A acetate for a week. Lymph nodes were removed and prepared for autoradiography. Lipid droplets in fibroblast-like cells showed high concentrations of radioactivity. These cells were distributed around lymphatic sinuses and blood vessels. The cells can, therefore, be classified as "vitamin A-storing cells" according to criteria proposed earlier by Yamada and Hirosawa (1976). Control animals from the same litter were maintained on ordinary laboratory food for the same period and examined by electron microscopy. Lipid droplet-containing cells were found in the same areas as in the experimental animals but in fewer numbers. This suggests that the increased number of vitamin A-containing lipid droplets is due to hypervitaminosis A in the experimental animals. The presence of some cells containing these droplets in the control animals would imply that even under normal feeding conditions the animals ingested excess amounts of vitamin A, which was retained in lipid droplets. The stored vitamin A probably participates in metabolic processes such as the formation of glycoproteins in ground substance. PMID- 7270471 TI - Pallidal projections to the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) in the cat. AB - The entopeduncular nucleus (EN) in the cat, homologue of the primate internal globus pallidus and main output of the basal ganglia, is known to project to the mesencephalic tegmentum. We have been able to elicit antidromic responses in single EN neurons from a site in the posterior mesencephalon, then transect the brainstem (precollicular-postmamillary) and elicit locomotion and rhythmic movements of the limbs by stimulation of the same site in the same animal. These studies demonstrate the existence of a direct projection from the EN to the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). However, this is not a particularly large pathway since fewer than 5% of the EN cells appear to project to the MLR. In a parallel series of anatomical experiments, injections of fluorescent dyes into the area of the MLR induced retrograde labeling of cell bodies in the EN and motor cortex. Injections of tritiated amino acids into the motor cortex resulted in labeling in the area anterior to the MLR. We assume that these connections may be involved, in part, in the sequencing and ordering of series of voluntary movements in which locomotion is involved. PMID- 7270472 TI - Carnitine deficiency induced during hemodialysis and hyperlipidemia: effect of replacement therapy. AB - Plasma carnitine levels were studied in 14 uremic patients before, during, and after hemodialysis. The predialysis plasma carnitine levels were normal but fell during dialysis (half-life of 3.6 h). Plasma carnitine levels rose quickly in the first 6 h after dialysis, after which time the rise was more gradual. Muscle carnitine was significantly reduced in the dialyzed patients (p less than 0.005) compared with controls. In four patients lipid droplets were observed in muscle. Ten patients on maintenance hemodialysis exhibited plasma hyperlipidemia and low muscle carnitine. These individuals were given DL-carnitine (50 mg/kg body weight) intravenously after each dialysis. At the end of a 2-month carnitine treatment, plasma triglyceride levels were found to be reduced (p less than 0.001) and muscle carnitine content significantly increased (p less than 0.005). These findings suggest that carnitine may be useful in treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and muscle carnitine deficiency states induced during maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 7270473 TI - Vitamin D nutrition in relation to season and occupation. AB - Seasonal variations in vitamin D nutrition were assessed by measurements of serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels in outdoor workers, indoor workers and long-term hospital inpatients. All three groups showed seasonal changes and the outdoor workers had, as might be expected, the highest levels at all seasons. However, the highest levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were found in October in the indoor workers and in November for the outdoor workers whereas the peak in ultraviolet exposure was in July. The possible reasons for this long lag are discussed; the most likely explanation is that vitamin D continues to be formed and stored during the autumn especially in outdoor workers. PMID- 7270474 TI - Effects of maternal iron nutrition during lactation on milk iron and rat neonatal iron status. AB - We studied the milk iron content and iron status of lactating rats and their pups to investigate the relationships between the iron concentrations of maternal diet and the iron content of milk, and that between the milk iron content and neonatal iron status. Three days after parturition lactating rats were divided into three groups and fed a control (250 ppm iron), a high iron (2500 ppm iron), and an iron deficient (no iron) diet. During lactation pups and dams from each group were killed periodically and iron status determined by measurements of hemoglobin, plasma iron, total iron binding capacity, and ferritin. Milk iron concentration decreased in all diet groups during lactation. The rate of decrease was diet dependent. A definite relationship was seen between the milk iron content of dams and the iron status of their pups. The iron concentration of rat diet was also found to influence the maternal iron during lactation. PMID- 7270475 TI - Fatty acid composition of lipids in the maternal diet and establishment of a Lactobacillus sp. strain in the digestive tract of suckling gnotobiotic mice and rats. AB - Adult gnotobiotic mice and rats, monoassociated with a homofermentative strain of Lactobacillus sp. of intestinal origin, were fed either a commercial rodent chow A or a semisynthetic diet B. Similar numbers of lactobacilli were established in their gastrointestinal tract whatever diet they ate. The lactobacilli were established in the digestive tract of the newborn of A mothers at 2 days but were hardly established in mouse or rat pups of A mothers than in their mouse homologues. Comparative analysis of milk lipids in the A and B series showed a linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) content which was three times higher in the B than in the A series. Two diets S and H differing only by their lipid fractions, which, respectively, presented the same fatty acid compositions as lipids from diets A and B were then given to two others lots of Lactobacillus monoassociated mice. The establishment kinetics of the strain were the same in the mouse pups of these two lots precedently observed in the B series. The difference observed in the establishment kinetics of the Lactobacillus strain in the digestive tract of suckling gnotobiotic mice was thus attributed to other dietary factors than the fatty acid composition of the maternal diet. PMID- 7270476 TI - Brief fasting, stress, and cognition in children. AB - Effects of skipping breakfast on speed and accuracy of response in a number of problem solving tasks were assessed in 9- to 11-yr-old, well-nourished children. The conceptual framework for this study was derived from an experimental model of the effects of mild environmental stress, e.g., noise, on human performance. Plasma glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, and free fatty acids were used as indicators of the induced metabolic stress, and the extent of their association with the behavioral measures was determined. Fasting had an adverse effect on the accuracy of responses in problem solving, but it had a beneficial effect on immediate recall in short-term memory. Both effects are explained by a heightened arousal level associated with the brief experimental fast. PMID- 7270477 TI - Relationship of the xylose absorption status of children in Bangladesh to their absorption of macronutrients from local diets. AB - We compared the results of xylose absorption tests from 31 asymptomatic Bangladeshi children with their ability to absorb macronutrients from cereal vegetable diets, as determined by metabolic balance studies. The xylose test results ranged from 9.8 to 37.0% excretion of the ingested dose, with more than half of the values less than 20% excretion. Nevertheless, the apparent absorption of macronutrients during 7-day balance studies ranged from 89.8 to 97.7% of intake for carbohydrate, 81.7 to 98.7% for fat, and 47.3 to 78.9% for nitrogen. There was a statistically significant correlation between the xylose test results and apparent carbohydrate absorption for one diet group only (r = 0.76, p less than 0.05), but not between the xylose results and other indicators of intestinal function of nutrition status. We conclude that diminished absorption of xylose, which is commonly recognized among asymptomatic residents of the tropics, does not necessarily indicate impaired absorption of macronutrients from the customary diet. Therefore, tropical enteropathy may not have major nutritional significance for those individuals with manifestations of the syndrome. PMID- 7270478 TI - Nitrogen balance during recovery from secretory diarrhea of cholera in children. AB - This study describes nitrogen balance in children during recovery from severe cholera (bacteriologically confirmed). The subjects were six male children aged 12 to 24 months and weighing 6.29 to 9.86 kg (on recovery). They initially presented with dehydration and base deficit acidosis due to acute watery diarrhea. Nitrogen balance promptly improved with milk feeding even before diarrhea was fully controlled and irrespective of the clinical severity of the disease. There was no increase in stool volume and systemic acid base status remained unaffected when milk feeding was introduced. There was little nitrogen loss in the stool and the apparent absorption of protein was substantial. The negative nitrogen balance that occurred was largely due to the lack of intake. Early feeding and liberal intake appears to produce a more favorable impact than the cautious introduction of food. The common practice of restricting food during recovery from acute diarrhea is inappropriate in cholera. PMID- 7270479 TI - Cholesterol, coconuts, and diet on Polynesian atolls: a natural experiment: the Pukapuka and Tokelau island studies. AB - Two populations of Polynesians living on atolls near the equator provide an opportunity to investigate the relative effects of saturated fat and dietary cholesterol in determining serum cholesterol levels. The habitual diets of the toll dwellers from both Pukapuka and Tokelau are high in saturated fat but low in dietary cholesterol and sucrose. Coconut is the chief source of energy for both groups. Tokelauans obtain a much higher percentage of energy from coconut than the Pukapukans, 63% compared with 34%, so their intake of saturated fat is higher. The serum cholesterol levels are 35 to 40 mg higher in Tokelauans than in Pukapukans. These major differences in serum cholesterol levels are considered to be due to the higher saturated fat intake of the Tokelauans. Analysis of a variety of food samples, and human fat biopsies show a high lauric (12:0) and myristic (14:0) content. Vascular disease is uncommon in both populations and there is no evidence of the high saturated fat intake having a harmful effect in these populations. PMID- 7270481 TI - Association between dietary changes and mortality rates: Israel 1949 to 1977; a trend-free regression model. AB - This paper presents a trend-free regression model for analyzing the effect of changes in food intake on disease specific mortality rates. The statistical effect of changes in food consumption of the Israeli population during 1949 to 1977 on concurrent mortality rates from cancer, heart disease, peptic ulcer, and diabetes mellitus were investigated by the suggested model. The regression analyses reveal the following: 1) The major statistical effects of progressive dietary changes (during 28 yr) on mortality rates lagged by 1 or 2 yr. 2) None of the variables was consistently and statistically significantly related to cancer mortality. 3) Vitamin A was consistently in statistically significant negative association with mortality rates. This suggests that increased consumption of vitamin A may prove to reduce mortality rates due to heart disease and peptic ulcer. 4) All the investigated mortality rates were in statistically significant positive association with increasing total fat consumption. Mortality rates of ischemic heart disease as well as of hypertensive and cerebrovascular diseases were in positive association with both plant fat and animal fat. These findings suggest that reduced total fat intake may prove to reduce the investigated mortality rates. 5) Diabetes mellitus was in statistically significant inverse association with the average per capital consumption of fruits and vegetables. Our results suggest that increased carbohydrate consumption may reduce diabetes mellitus mortality. The above hypotheses derived from the model and the general utility of the model may be demonstrated by studies of data from other countries. PMID- 7270480 TI - Clinical signs found in association with nutritional deficiencies as related to race, sex, and age for adults. AB - Clinical signs of various nutritional deficiencies for 429 adults were compared by race, age, and sex. The nutrients studied were vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, vitamin D, and calcium. The prevalence of clinical signs of deficiency for all nutrients was much higher in blacks than in whites. Clinical lesions due to multiple nutrient deficiencies showed the same racial difference. Men had a higher prevalence of clinical signs for all nutrient deficiencies, except for vitamin A, that did the young. The racial and age differences in the nutritional status may be explained by the difference of educational and income levels. In comparison to the results reported from the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES), 1971 to 1974, the white subjects in this study had slightly higher prevalences of clinical signs than did those in HANES. Also, the prevalence of these clinical signs is much higher in the black subjects of the present study than in those of HANES. PMID- 7270482 TI - Thiamin status of a Melanesian population. AB - A semiautomated method is described which uses the Abbott ABA-100 bichromatic analyzer to measure the stimulation of erythrocyte transketolase by thiamin pyrophosphate (the thiamin pyrophosphate effect). The method was accurate with a throughput of 30 samples per hour and is suitable for the study of the thiamin status of large populations. A significant proportion (21%) of a total of 1920 individuals of a predominantly Melanesian population were found to have an elevated thiamin pyrophosphate effect (greater than 15% activation). This same proportion with an elevated thiamin pyrophosphate effect was found in an urban hospital patient group of 346 individuals. Statistical analysis indicated a significant inverse correlation between thiamin pyrophosphate effect and plasma potassium concentration (p less than 0.001). Analysis of human fecal samples for thiaminase I activity demonstrated that this enzyme was present in 23 of a total of 46 samples selected from both the Melanesian and urban hospital patient groups. Preliminary findings indicated that the thiaminase originated from a bacterial source. PMID- 7270483 TI - The accuracy of self-reported weights. AB - The accuracy of self-reported weights was assessed by comparing reported weights with measured weights of 1302 subjects at eight different medical and nonmedical sites across two countries (United States and Denmark), across ages, sexes, and different purposes for the weight measurements. Self-reported weights were remarkably accurate across all these variables in the American sample, even among obese people, and may obviate the need for measured weights in epidemiological investigations. Danish reports were somewhat less accurate, particularly among women over 40 yr of age. PMID- 7270484 TI - Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in a rural population of children. Relative usefulness of serum ferritin, red cell protoporphyrin, red cell indices, and transferrin saturation determinations. AB - The diagnostic usefulness in iron deficiency anemia of serum ferritin, red cell protoporphyrin (Epp), mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and transferrin saturation measurements has been studied in a population of 294 children aged 1 to 6 yr. Of the children studied 19% had hemoglobin below 11 g/dl. Iron deficiency, diagnosed by at least two abnormal independent laboratory parameters, was the cause of anemia in all except two cases. The Pearson correlation coefficient for hemoglobin was highest with MCH, followed in decreasing order of magnitude by MCV, Epp, transferrin saturation, and finally by ferritin. Sensitivity and specificity were highest for MCH and lowest for ferritin. Of anemic, iron deficient individuals 97 to 100% could be identified by low MCH, 88 to 100% by transferrin saturation, 66 to 83% by ferritin, and 61 to 74% by Epp. In contrast, only 0 to 6% of normal, nonanemic individuals had low MCH, 0 to 4% had high Epp, but 21 to 39% had low transferrin saturation and 25 to 39% had low ferritin. Although reduced serum ferritin in anemic individuals is good evidence of iron deficiency, a significant proportion of anemic iron deficient patients is missed by this procedure rendering it less useful than other, less expensive laboratory methods. PMID- 7270485 TI - The luxus vitamins--A and B12. AB - It is proposed that for vitamin A and vitamin B12 alone among the known micronutrients a luxus (excessive) intake habitually exists. Evidence for this is presented by a comparison of habitual intake with Recommended Dietary Allowance and of total body content in relation to requirements. Both vitamins accumulate in the liver with increasing age and concentrations relate to dietary intake. "Normal" plasma values have very wide ranges. The loss of these vitamins from the body is exponential and related to body "stores". Their location and chemical forms in the liver are discussed and for vitamin A the stellate cell appears to act as a "stump". A "last come, first served" phenomenon operates for these vitamins, as it does for a number of other substances, and is compatible with a luxus state. PMID- 7270487 TI - Vitamin B12. PMID- 7270486 TI - The "metabolically-obese," normal-weight individual. AB - A great many disorders including maturity-onset (type II) diabetes, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia are frequently associated with adult-onset obesity and improve with caloric restriction. It is the premise of this brief review that there are patients with these disorders who are not obese according to standard weight tables or other readily-available criteria; but who would also respond favorably to caloric restriction. It is proposed that such individuals might be characterized by hyperinsulinism and possibly an increase in fat cell size compared to patients of similar age, height, and weight and/or to themselves at an earlier time. The possibility is also discussed that inactivity is a contributing factor in some of these individuals and that for them, the appropriate therapy might be exercise. PMID- 7270488 TI - Fructose ingestion does not affect serum lipids in human subjects. PMID- 7270489 TI - Bioequivalence of RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. PMID- 7270490 TI - Effect of nutritional deprivation in early childhood on later growth--a community study without intervention. PMID- 7270491 TI - Factors that relate to health. PMID- 7270492 TI - Weight reduction and sudden death. PMID- 7270493 TI - Ranking diagnostic protocols--a proposed process based on use of the nine-cell diagnostic decision matrix. AB - A process for ranking competing diagnostic protocols for a specific disease is presented. The process incorporates the basic principles of medical decision making, and provides for the consideration of equivocal test results as well as results for patients who have ill-defined or incompletely defined disease. It provides a means for developing an a priori optimization process prior to ranking competing diagnostic algorithms. Methods for transferring ranking information among populations with widely differing disease prevalences are given. PMID- 7270495 TI - Effective cell support by repeat plateletpheresis of related donors on the IBM 2997 cell separator. AB - Forty-three non-HLA-matched donors provided 83 plateletpheresis products for 20 thrombocytopenic patients during a six-month period. The platelet product yield was 4.2 x 10(11) collected in 90 min. There was 26% cellular depletion of donor platelets and 20% depletion of donor lymphocyte per procedure. Males had a significantly greater lymphocyte depletion: 24% compared with 14% for females (P less than 0.05). There was no significant cellular depletion seen in 16 donors who underwent from two of a maximum of nine procedures. For these 16 donors, the time interval between procedures was a minimum of three days and a maximum of 100 days. Twelve refractory oncology patients received 49 plateletpheresis transfusions from 26 related donors. The mean corrected one-hour posttransfusion platelet increment was 18,300, and the mean corrected 20-hour posttransfusion platelet increment was 13,000. The results indicate that non-HLA-typed related plateletpheresis donors can safely undergo multiple procedures with the IBM 2997 Cell Separator and can effectively support their thrombocytopenic relatives who are unresponsive to random donor platelets. PMID- 7270494 TI - The diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria. Usefulness and limitations of the erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen I synthase assay. AB - In acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) the inherited metabolic defect residues in a partial enzyme deficiency at the uroporphyrinogen I synthase (URO-S) step of heme biosynthesis. Assay of this enzyme in erythrocytes is increasingly used for diagnosis of the genetic defect. Erythrocyte URO-S activity was measured by three laboratories in members of 14 AIP kindreds and found helpful for diagnosing the asymptomatic carrier state, since activity of the enzyme was usually distributed bimodally. However, a definite diagnosis of the carrier state was not always possible with this assay: approximately 7% of a total of 340 determinations were inconclusive. Repeat enzyme assays, enzyme assays by more than one laboratory, quantitative urine porphobilinogen determinations, and studies of other family members all aided in arriving at a firm diagnosis for most of those in whom a single erythrocyte URO-S measurement was inconclusive. Because the enzyme is unstable, blood specimens should be stored frozen if immediate assay is not possible. PMID- 7270496 TI - Alteration of coagulation and selected clinical chemistry parameters in patients undergoing open heart surgery without transfusions. AB - Alteration of coagulation status and certain clinical chemistry laboratory determinations of 75 adult patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass procedures for acquired heart disease was studied during and after surgery. None of the patients was given transfusions of blood or blood components. With hemodilution, the mean hematocrit value dropped from 38% to 28% during the procedure. Fibrin degradation products and euglobulin lysis time were transiently abnormal. Factor V diminished somewhat during the procedure, whereas factors VIII and IX increased after surgery. Clottable fibrinogen values decreased slightly, but increased to an abnormally high value at 24 and 48 hours. Mean value of platelet counts decreased from 194,000 to 144,000/microliter immediately after surgery. Knowledge of expected deviation of coagulation factors and certain clinical chemistry tests following open heart surgery is helpful in evaluating the status of the postoperative patient. PMID- 7270497 TI - Isoelectric focusing of hemoglobins on thin-layer agarose. AB - Isoelectric focusing on thin layers of agarose was used to separate several human hemoglobin variants in narrow pH range (pH 6-9). Problems with gel flooding and distortions due to electroendosmotic flow were solved by altering the casting and processing of the gel, by modifying the focusing apparatus, and by utilizing commercial agarose that had been chemically modified to reduce electroendomosis. Hemoglobins C, O-ARAB, A2, and E were distinguished from one another, as were hemoglobins S, D-LOS ANGELES, G-PHILADELPHIA, F. A, I, and J. The technic is rapid, simple, and relatively inexpensive. The agarose is nontoxic, has excellent gelling properties, and possesses large pores, yet gives resolution equivalent or superior to that obtained on thin layers of polyacrylamide gel, making it preferable to polyacrylamide for thin-layer isoelectric focusing. PMID- 7270498 TI - Preservation of hematopoietic stem cells in cadaveric marrow. AB - CFU-C assays were performed on unselected cadavers of various postmortem intervals to determine the survival of hemopoietic stem cells in cadaveric marrows. Successful growth was achieved in eight of ten cases up to 11 hours post mortem. The two marrows in which growth was unsuccessful were from patients with underlying diseases that would have made growth impossible even if the marrow was obtained during life. Six cases in which marrow was obtained 11 to 23 hours post mortem showed no proliferative capacity. The average CFU-C in the eight cases with growth activity was 25.8 +/- 16 compared with 40.6 +/- 35 for 61 hospital patients for whom antemortem marrow cells were available for culture. These two meanings are not significantly different statistically. These findings demonstrated the persistence of hemopoietic stem cells in cadaveric marrows, showing the cadaver to be a potentially abundant source of these cells. PMID- 7270499 TI - Evaluation of urine culture screening by light-scatter photometry. AB - Urine screening for bacteriuria by light-scatter photometry (Autobac) was evaluated for accuracy and compared with a colony count by the calibrated loop method. Incubation time, inoculum size, precision, and interference of particulate matter were evaluated in an effort to standardize the screening procedure. Results showed that urines could be accurately screened for Enterobacteriaceae by inoculating a single Autobac cuvette chamber with 0.1 or 0.2 ml of urine and determining the voltage change after four hours. A change of greater than or equal to 0.2 units indicates significant bacteriuria. Decreased accuracy was noted for urines having greater than 10(5) cfu/ml of Pseudomonas species or gram-positive cocci, possibly because these organisms grow more slowly. PMID- 7270500 TI - Assigning normal blood glucose values by probability plot analysis. AB - Blood glucose results for 2,601 specimens obtained at multiphasic health examination, divided into three age groups, were analyzed using probability plot paper. Two straight lines could be fitted to each distribution. The assumption was made that the lower lines correspond to "normal-healthy" persons, whereas the upper lines correspond to persons with defective control of blood sugar. It was concluded that the mean of the presumed normal-healthy subgroups rises only a few mg/dl per decade. PMID- 7270502 TI - What's an RDW? PMID- 7270501 TI - Identification of atypical calcium oxalate crystalluria following ethylene glycol ingestion. AB - A case of ethylene glycol poisoning was associated with heavy crystalluria unidentifiable by light microscopy. Extensive analysis utilizing scanning electron microscopy, x-ray fluorescence, and diffraction method revealed that the sediment contained calcium oxalate monohydrate in one crystallographic phase. Newest diffraction data for identification of the various forms of calcium oxalate, along with the photographs of the crystals by light and electron microscopy, are included. Fifty cases of ethylene glycol poisoning were reviewed to ascertain the most common form of calcium oxalate crystalluria. The search revealed scanty morphologic data associated with the calcium oxalate crystalluria; however, numerous forms were reported. It is concluded that calcium oxalate crystalluria following ethylene glycol ingestion may assume many forms, which should be recognized to facilitate the rapid diagnosis of ethylene glycol ingestion. PMID- 7270503 TI - Anti-kell. PMID- 7270505 TI - Burn wound microbiology. PMID- 7270504 TI - Toxic activities of Legionellaceae. Newer aspects. PMID- 7270506 TI - Plasminogen assay. PMID- 7270507 TI - Medical decision making--who makes what decision? PMID- 7270508 TI - Should the media advertise contraceptives? PMID- 7270509 TI - Unusual multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus in a newborn nursery. AB - An apparently unique strain of Staphylococcus aureus, resistant to penicillins (including penicillinase-resistant penicillins), cephalosporins, cephamycins, aminoglycosides (all but amikacin), tetracycline, lincomycin, erythromycin, and, in a lesser percentage, to chloramphenicol as well, was isolated on more than 100 occasions over a 20-month period in a general hospital in San Sebastian, Spain. Forty-two (60%) of the 70 patients infected were patients in the newborn nursery. Many of these infants contracted serious disease. In the epidemiologic study of the nursery, this Staphylococcus strain was found in the air and on the clothing of the staff, although no nasal, perineal, or axillary carriers were found among the personnel. PMID- 7270510 TI - Infections acquired by young infants. AB - Infections occurring among hospitalized young infants were surveyed for 24 months. Almost 10% of the 7,339 infants received antimicrobial therapy for five or more days for suspected community-acquired infections. Infants admitted directly to the normal-newborn nursery acquired infections at a rate of 0.6 per 100, whereas infants admitted to intensive care nurseries acquired infections at a rate of 16.9 per 100 infants. Bacteremia in association with nosocomial infection occurred frequently. The pathogens associated with community-acquired and nosocomial infections are different. Species of streptococci and relatively antibiotic-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae predominate as pathogens associated with infections in previously nonhospitalized infants. Organisms acquired in the hospital tend to be more antibiotic resistant. PMID- 7270511 TI - Mucolipidosis I (acid neuraminidase deficiency). Three cases and delineation of the variability of the phenotype. AB - Isolated deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase acid neuraminidase results in multisystem storage of sialic acid-rich oligosaccharides. Wide phenotypic diversity occurs within this biochemical defect. We studied three cases of an infantile form of mucolipidosis I in which the phenotype is dominated by severe Hurloid features. These patients excreted excessive amounts of sialic acid-rich oligosaccharides in their urine, and storage of similar compounds was shown in tissues and cultured fibroblasts. Cultured fibroblasts demonstrated an isolated deficiency of acid neuraminidase; beta-galactosidase levels were normal. PMID- 7270512 TI - Clivus chorodoma with pulmonary metastases appearing as failure to thrive. PMID- 7270513 TI - Cystic fibrosis mistaken for gastroesophageal reflux with aspiration. PMID- 7270514 TI - Oxygen concentration gradients in the special care nursery. AB - Room-air oxygen concentration in the respiratory care areas of our Special Care Nursery ranged from 20.9% to 24.8%. Calculated oxygen concentrations in our respiratory care areas, assuming an air turnover of five or 12 air changes per hour, were frequently far below observed concentrations. This indicated that ventilation in our respiratory care areas provided below minimum recommended number of air changes per hour. Therefore, in respiratory care areas in older structures with poor ventilation or with ventilatory system breakdown, environmental oxygen should be monitored. PMID- 7270515 TI - Hepatic abscess in neonates. AB - Hepatic abscess in the neonatal period is a rare but serious disorder. To our knowledge, only 24 cases have been reported in the literature; this study presents 13 additional cases. The most common associated factors are sepsis, vessel cannulation, and abdominal surgery. The etiologic agent is variable. The abscess is usually multiple in the liver and involves other organs as well. In such instances, only supportive and vigorous antibiotic therapy can be offered. However, solitary liver abscess does occur, and this is theoretically amenable to surgical drainage. Thus, its recognition is of great importance. PMID- 7270516 TI - Ring 4 chromosome with terminal p and q deletions. AB - A ring 4 chromosome was found in a boy with low birth weight, microcephaly, micrognathia, rounded broad nose, malformed ears, cleft soft palate, and retardation in growth and development. The ring 4 is formed by union of the ends after breakage and loss of the terminal parts of the short (p) arm and the long (q) arm. G-banded chromosome studies showed our patient to have a union at p16q35. Clinical findings in our patient were compared with those in others with the union at p16q35, p15q35, and p16q33. The patients with p15q35 had a deletion of more p-arm genetic material than those with the p16q35 union, and the patient with p16q33 had a greater loss of q-arm material. The loss of only a small part of the p16 band is associated with low birth weight, microcephaly, and retardation in growth and development. PMID- 7270518 TI - Linear scleroderma in children. PMID- 7270517 TI - Spastic diplegia in premature infants. Etiologic and diagnostic considerations. AB - To investigate the etiology of spastic diplegia (SD) of prematurity, we compared the prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal course of 18 preterm infants with SD to that of a control group of preterm infants without SD. No significant differences between the group with SD and the control group were found in most of the perinatal and neonatal factors analyzed. Significant differences were found in birth weight, birth head circumference, and the one-minute Apgar score. Controlling for gestational age, infants with SD weighed less at birth, had smaller heads, and were more often briefly neurologically depressed. Intracranial hemorrhage and neonatal seizures occurred significantly more often in infants with SD. Fifteen infants with SD were believed to be neurologically normal at the time of nursery discharge. These findings suggest the importance of prenatal factors in optimally treated preterm infants in whom SD develops. PMID- 7270519 TI - Serum IgE levels and RAST for cow's milk protein. Use in children with recurrent abdominal pain. PMID- 7270520 TI - Premature thelarche. Natural history and etiologic investigation. AB - The natural history of premature thelarche was investigated by contacting 46 patients with previously diagnosed cases. Palpable breast tissue had persisted for at least three to five years in 57% of these girls. Only 11% reported that the breasts had continued to enlarge. Those cases in which breast tissue had been present at birth and persisted were significantly more likely to have progressive enlargement. Comparing the cases with matched control subjects showed no relationship between premature thelarche and maternal obstetrical problems, exposure to medications, diet, or prenatal infections. Girls with premature thelarche were no more likely than control subjects to have other sexual or medical problems develop during the period of follow-up. PMID- 7270521 TI - Cerebral abscess in children. AB - We reviewed 94 consecutive episodes of pyogenic brain abscess seen at Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, between 1945 and 1980. After 1970, the mortality as reduced from 36% to 14%. Predisposing factors included congenital heart disease, otitic and sinus infections, closed head injuries, and cystic fibrosis. There were seven patients younger than 5 months of age. In one patient with Fallot's tetralogy, an abscess recurred at the site of retained thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) after an 11-year interval. The continuing substantial mortality is attributed to the presence of coma at the time of treatment, hemorrhagic complications of tapping abscesses, and the location of abscesses in deep brain structures. The early detection and successful treatment of brain abscesses in children remains a clinical challenge. PMID- 7270522 TI - Radiological case of the month. Pancreatic pseudocyst. PMID- 7270523 TI - Total alpha-amino acid nitrogen quantification as prognosticator in Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7270524 TI - Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in two siblings from a nonendemic area. PMID- 7270527 TI - Neutrophil functions and mitogenic response to Ascaris antigen in visceral larva migrans. PMID- 7270526 TI - Carbamazepine overdose. PMID- 7270525 TI - Use of endotracheally administered epinephrine in a pediatric patient. PMID- 7270529 TI - Bleeding gastric telangiectasia. Complication of Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal motor dysfunction, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia (REST) syndrome. AB - Anemia and skin telangiectasia were the main presenting features of a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal motor dysfunction, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia (REST) syndrome. Diffuse gastric telangiectasia with chronic intermittent blood loss were responsible for the anemia. The multisystemic and progressive character of this collagenopathy in our patient is described and the endoscopic picture is presented. Management difficulties and treatment alternatives are discussed. PMID- 7270528 TI - Endoscopic upper gastrointestinal polypectomy. Report of 73 polypectomies in 63 patients. AB - Seventy-three upper gastrointestinal endoscopic polypectomies were performed in 63 patients over a period of five years. Thiry-eight patients (52%) had adenomatous polyps, two of which contained carcinoma in situ and 26 (36%) were inflammatory in nature. Four lesions were removed from the duodenum. Hemodynamically significant hemorrhage occurred in five cases and persistent symptomatic ulcer in three cases. All complications occurred early in the series and responded to conservative measures. There was no mortality or need for surgical intervention in any case. It was concluded that: 1. upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic polypectomy is a safe and relatively simple procedure; 2. postprocedural complications can be markedly reduced by prophylactic conservative antiulcer therapy and 3. especially in the area of adenomatous polyps, excision of the entire lesion is superior to biopsy in the detection of early malignancy. PMID- 7270531 TI - Multiple adenomas in juvenile polyposis. AB - Juvenile polyps are generally considered to have no malignant potential. We report a 16-year old patients with juvenile polyposis coli who presented with diarrhea and hypoproteinemia. Some of her polyps had adenomatous histologic features and a large villoglandular polyp was present in the cecum. The usual nonoperative management of patients with juvenile polyposis may not be appropriate when the polyps show mixed histology. These patients are at risk to develop malignancy although the magnitude of risk is uncertain. PMID- 7270530 TI - Henoch-schoenlein purpura. Gastrointestinal manifestations with endoscopic correlation. PMID- 7270532 TI - Extensive abdominal lymphadenopathy in sarcoidosis. AB - A case of sarcoidosis with minimal pulmonary findings and extensive abdominal lymphadenopathy is presented. As radiologists continue to examine the abdomen with the newer diagnostic modalities of computed tomography and ultrasound, they may find that abdominal nodal involvement in sarcoidosis is more common than currently recognized. PMID- 7270534 TI - Misleading interpretation of a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram. Report of a case. PMID- 7270533 TI - Sclerosing cholangitis of the bifurcation of the common hepatic duct. AB - Primary sclerosing cholangitis localized in a segment of the extrahepatic biliary tree is extremely rare. This article describes the case of a 23-year old male who had obstructive jaundice and was found to have primary sclerosing cholangitis of the bifurcation of the common hepatic duct. The lesion was successfully resected. PMID- 7270535 TI - Villous tumors of the duodenum. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of duodenal villous adenoma are reported, bringing the total reported in the world literature to 51. The tumors are of importance despite their rarity because of the frequency of focal or occult malignant changes in the tumors, the nonspecific symptoms and radiographic findings and the potential surgical complications. Therefore, atypical lesions of the duodenum should be investigated endoscopically and all duodenal villous tumors should be surgically resected. Local excision is usually adequate treatment even when microinvasive cancer or carcinoma in situ are present. PMID- 7270536 TI - Syndrome of pelvic cellulitis following rectal sexual trauma. AB - Three cases of a syndrome of pelvic cellulitis following fist fornication are described. These cases are characterized by the history of fist fornication three or more days previously, fever, pararectal induration, acute proctitis and signs of pelvic peritoneal irritation. It is important to recognize this entity as it is usually adequately treated by means of broad spectrum antibiotics. Operative intervention can usually be avoided. PMID- 7270537 TI - Small bowel obstruction due to disease of epiploic appendage. AB - Primary disease of an epiploic appendage is rare. Small bowel obstruction is an unusual complication of such disease due to bands or adhesions caused by torsion or inflammation. A 49-year old man presented with small bowel obstruction and was found to have a band from a necrotic epiploic appendage adherent to mesentery, obstructing the ileum. The band was released and the epiploic appendage removed. PMID- 7270538 TI - Colonic manifestations of the connective tissue disorders. PMID- 7270539 TI - Immunoglobulin concentrations in the duodenal fluids of infants and children. II. The effect of pancreozymin and secretin. AB - A study was conducted to determine whether pancreozymin and secretin affect the levels of immunoglobulins in duodenal fluid of children. The subjects consisted of 45 infants and children without gastrointestinal disease. Ig-A concentrations in duodenal fluid were significantly increased (P less than 0.02) after secretion administration (2 U./kg) as compared to resting fluid levels (18.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 12.9 +/- 1.1 mg./gm. protein). Secretin also produced a significant increase (P less than 0.0002) in Ig-M duodenal fluid levels (25.5 +/- 3.6 vs. 13.8 +/- 1.4 mg./gm. protein). Duodenal fluid Ig-G concentrations were not significantly changed in response to secretin (30.7 +/- 2.3 vs. 29.1 +/- 1.2 mg./gm. protein) or to pancreozymin (29.0 +/- 0.8 mg./gm. protein). Pancreozymin administration (2 U./kg) produced a significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in Ig-A concentration (11.2 +/- 0.8 mg./gm. protein) and a significant increase (P less than .0002) in the Ig-M levels of human duodenal fluid (20.8 +/- 1.8 mg./gm. protein). PMID- 7270540 TI - Variation in liver histology in Alagille's syndrome. AB - A previously undescribed variation in liver histology was observed in association with syndromatic neonatal jaundice, otherwise known as Alagille's syndrome. While hepatic ductular hypoplasia is thought to be characteristic of this disorder, we observed a patient who had all of the characteristic morphological features of Alagille's syndrome but whose liver biopsy demonstrated marked ductular proliferation more characteristic of biliary atresia. This histological feature has not been previously reported with Alagille's syndrome and hepatic ductular hypoplasia can no longer be considered characteristic of syndromatic neonatal jaundice. PMID- 7270541 TI - Toxic megacolon developing in a patient with long-standing distal ulcerative colitis. AB - A young male with an eight-year history of stable distal ulcerative colitis acutely developed a toxic megacolon with mucosal involvement of the entire rectum and colon. This rare fulminant progression of previously stable disease underscores the lability of clinical severity of inflammatory bowel disease and the need to respond therapeutically to each recrudescence of symptoms on the basis of the severity of these symptoms and not the previously determined extent of colonic involvement. PMID- 7270542 TI - Fine needle transhepatic cholangiography. Current status and critical review of the technic. AB - Percutaneous fine needle transhepatic cholangiography (FNTC) is a preferred procedure in demonstrating pathology of the biliary tract in jaundice disorders. Aspects in technic such as: 1. roentgenographic anatomy of the needle path and guidelines for its identification; 2. necessary radiologic equipment; 3. the injection technic; 4. aspiration of bile; 5. significance of the number of needle passes and 6. pharmacologic aids must be familiar to anyone using FNTC. Similarly, knowledge of the indications, contraindications, and complications are essential to the operator. The following review presents the authors' experience as well as a critical assessment of the current state of the art of FNTC. PMID- 7270543 TI - Colovenous fistula complicating diverticulitis. Demonstration by contrast enema. AB - Colonic diverticulitis is frequently complicated by bowel obstruction, abscess, perforation and fistula formation. We report a unique case of colonic diverticulitis complicated by colovenous fistulization with Gastrografin enema examination demonstrating thrombus in the inferior mesenteric vein. PMID- 7270544 TI - Hypereosinophilia in a monosomy 7 myeloproliferative disorder in childhood. PMID- 7270545 TI - The anemia of senescence. AB - A study of 196 healthy geriatric females and 26 males confirmed the high prevalence of anemia in this population. Forty-two females (21.4%) had a hematocrit of less than 36% and nine (34%) of the males had a value of less than 40%. A careful evaluation, including a therapeutic trial of oral iron in some subjects, made a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in only three and the anemia of chronic disease could be diagnosed in two. No subject had folate or B12 deficiency and hemolytic anemia was not present. Thus, in most of these subjects, the lower hematocrit was not due to commonly recognized causes. Further evaluation revealed a high prevalence of leukopenia in this population; 30% having counts less than 5 X 10(3)/microliter and 10% having values less than 4 X 10(-3)/microliter. Of most importance, leukocyte counts were significantly lower in anemic subjects in whom a high incidence of neutropenia was also demonstrated. This suggests that the mechanisms of the unexplained anemia and neutropenia is an overall reduction in hematopoietic cell numbers. This conclusion is consistent with the observation that many aged subjects have a decreased ability to mount an adequate leukocyte response to infection. These findings suggest that the presence of anemia marks an overall reduction in hematopoietic reserve and provides a clue to those aged subjects of greatest risk of an inadequate response to stress. PMID- 7270547 TI - Human IgG antigranulocyte antibodies: comparison of detection by quantitative antiglobulin consumption and by binding of 125I staph protein A. AB - The amount of IgG in the serum of patients with suspected immune neutropenia that binds to normal paraformaldehyde-fixed human granulocytes was measured simultaneously by a quantitative antiglobulin consumption assay and by binding of 125I-staphylococcal protein A (SPA). There was a significant linear relationship between the results of these two assays for the sera of 42 different patients. However, SPA binding appeared more sensitive than the quantitative antiglobulin assay for determining IgG antigranulocyte antibodies in serum. In a patient with Felty's syndrome who underwent splenectomy, the results of both assays on sequential serum samples correlated with clinical improvement. Thus, SPA binding appears to be a sensitive and reliable technique for measuring antigranulocyte antibodies, and there is a close correlation between antibody measured by antiglobulin consumption and those detected by SPA binding. PMID- 7270546 TI - Evidence that platelet buoyant density, but not size, correlates with platelet age in man. AB - Following infusion of 51Cr-labeled autologous platelets into normal subjects, high-density (HD) and low-density (LD) platelet cohorts were isolated by prolonged centrifugation in isosmotic arabino-galactan (Stractan). Specific radio activity of LD platelets declined rapidly post-infusion (T1/2 = 1.5 days), but specific radioactivity of HD platelets remained constant or increased over a 3--4 day period and gradually declined for 6--7 days thereafter. These differences were exaggerated when platelet cohorts enriched in LD or HD cells by slow centrifugation in high-density albumin were labeled and transfused. Mean survival of a platelet cohort enriched with HD cells was significantly (P less than 0.02) shorter (7.73 days) than that of a cohort enriched with LD cells (9.33) days). In normal subjects treated with aspirin, capacity for thromboxane synthesis was regained more rapidly (P less than 0.05) in LD than in HD platelets. HD and LD platelets differed only slightly in mean volume (HD platelets = 7.57 mu3, LD platelets = 6.87 mu3, 0.05 less than P less than 0.01). We believe the most logical interpretation of these findings is that under normal conditions in man, newly formed platelets are less dense on the average than total platelets and become more dense as they age in the circulation. Thus, specific radioactivity of LD platelets declines rapidly as these platelets move into a more dense compartment and are replaced by newly formed, unlabelled cells; specific radioactivity of HD platelets remains constant or increases as labelled platelets enter this compartment in numbers equal to or greater than the number leaving it at the end of their life span. The similarity in mean volumes of LD and HD platelets suggests that platelet size is unrelated to platelet age under normal conditions. PMID- 7270548 TI - Serum concentrations of erythropoietin measured by radioimmunoassay in hematologic disorders and chronic renal failure. AB - Bioassays for human erythropoietin are cumbersome, time-consuming, and insensitive. The purification of human erythropoietin (EP) had provided small quantities of highly bioactive EP (approximately 70,000 U/mg) required for the development of an EP radioimmunoassay (RIA). The RIA for EP described in this investigation, can detect 5 mU/ml of EP in the assay tube; the serum concentration of EP in normal individuals ranged from less than 18 to 81 mU/ml with a mean value of 29 mU/ml. In contrast, nine patients with severe aplastic anemia had markedly elevated serum EP concentrations with a mean value of 3,487 mU/ml, range 984--6,434 mU/ml. In this RIA, patients with Polycythemia vera had consistently undetectable EP concentrations, less than 18 mU/ml. Eleven patients with chronic renal failure had a higher mean serum EP concentration (40.5 mU/ml) than normal individuals, but the range (less than 18-115 mU/ml) overlapped that of normals. By immunologic and gel chromatographic criteria, EP measured in serum was similar to standard urinary EP. The EP immunoassay that we have developed has sufficient sensitivity and specificity not only to quantitate the elevated serum EP levels found in aplastic anemia but also to discriminate decreased from normal serum concentrations of EP in most circumstances. This simple, reliable RIA has provided the necessary framework upon which to increase our understanding of the importance of EP in hematopoiesis. PMID- 7270549 TI - Activation and partial characterization of a human reticulocyte heme-dependent eIF-Z alpha kinase. AB - An inhibitor of globin translation initiation that is activated under heme deficient conditions and whose activity is associated with phosphorylation of the 38,000 dalton (alpha) subunit of the initiation factor eIF-2 has been previously described in rabbit reticulocytes. We describe here an analogous enzyme in human reticulocytes. The human enzyme can be activated in intact reticulocytes under conditions of heme synthesis inhibition or by incubation of lysates in the absence of hemin. Addition of hemin to lysates prevents activation of the eIF-2 alpha kinase. The partially purified kinase is associated with inhibition of globin synthesis in a rabbit cell-free system and phosphorylates the small subunit of highly purified rabbit eIF-2. We conclude that human reticulocytes contain a protein kinase that is analogous to the rabbit HCR and that may play a role in clinical heme deficiency states. l PMID- 7270550 TI - Generic phenytoin versus dilantin for once-a-day dosing. PMID- 7270552 TI - Practice-oriented nutrition pharmacology course. PMID- 7270551 TI - Graphic prescription labels. PMID- 7270553 TI - Phenytoin by volume-control set. PMID- 7270554 TI - Physostigmine in amoxapine overdose. PMID- 7270555 TI - Role of Clostridium difficile in ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7270556 TI - National survey of hospital pharmacy technician use. AB - Results of a national survey of nonfederal hospitals on the use of pharmacy technicians are presented. A random sample of nonfederal hospitals in the U.S. that employ a pharmacist (either full- or part-time) was selected; the sample size was 808. Survey questionnaires were mailed to directors of pharmacy at those hospitals. The response rate was 83.4%. Survey results are reported as percent of total respondents +/- three sampling errors. Overall, 75.4 +/- 5.8% of hospitals use pharmacy technicians; more larger hospitals use technicians than do smaller ones. The most common reason for not using pharmacy technicians was insufficient workload. For all hospitals, 43.8 +/- 7.2% do not have enough technicians, usually because of insufficient funds. Pharmacy directors preferred that technicians be trained in formal program (51.7 +/- 5.4%), and most preferred training (either formal or on-the-job) be conducted in-house (60.2 +/- 4.5%). Respondents were overall slightly favorable toward both accreditation of technician-training programs and certification of individual technicians, but only a small group had no opinion--large groups of respondents had either positive or negative feelings on the issues. Data collected on approximately 2600 technicians at the respondents' hospitals showed that most technicians were high school graduates who have been working as a technician about two years and were trained informally on-the-job. PMID- 7270557 TI - Effect of laminar air flow and clean-room dress on contamination rates of intravenous admixtures. AB - The effect of laminar air flow conditions and clean-room dress on the microbial contamination rates of intravenous admixtures was investigated. Intravenous admixtures were prepared by one investigator using aseptic technique under four environmental conditions: laminar air flow conditions with clean-room dress; laminar air flow without clean-room dress; clean table top with clean-room dress; and clean table top without clean-room dress. In each environmental condition, 350 admixtures were compounded. Negative-control samples (n = 150) were also tested, as were 10 positive-control samples. Samples were tested in each of two growth media and incubated at 35 degrees C for 14 days or until growth occurred. The incidence of contamination of admixtures compounded in laminar air flow conditions was significantly less than the contamination of those compounded on a clean table top (p less than 0.05) regardless of the operator's dress. The incidence of contamination of admixtures compounded while wearing clean-room dress was not significantly different from those prepared while not wearing clean room dress regardless of the environment in which the admixture was prepared. The overall low level of contamination [0.79% (11/1400)] was inconclusive regarding the effect of dress on the incidence of contamination when admixtures were prepared under LAF conditions. It is concluded that, when one adheres to aseptic technique, the environment in which admixtures are compounded is the most important variable affecting the microbial contamination rate. PMID- 7270558 TI - Escalating costs for cancer chemotherapy. AB - The annual costs of chemotherapeutic agents from 1975 to 1980 were determined, and the impact on a hospital's budget of new chemotherapeutic agents marketed during this period was evaluated. Pharmacy purchasing records for the antineoplastics were reviewed retrospectively to determine fiscal year (FY) costs. Statistics from the Consumer Price Index report and hospital patient load were used to project an adjusted annual cost for cancer chemotherapy. The annual expenditures for seven agents marketed in the past five years were expressed as a percentage of the pharmacy's budget. In addition, the oncology clinic records for the past four years were reviewed to assess trends in the number of visits and quantity of drugs prescribed. Analysis indicated that the costs of antineoplastic drugs have risen from $10,156 for FY 1973-1974 to $296,914 for FY 1979-1980. Antineoplastic drug costs have risen from 5.74 to 16.74% of the total drug budget during the same period. Only a portion of the increase in costs could be attributed to increased patient load and inflation. The percentage of patients receiving chemotherapy has reached a plateau, and the quantity of agents being prescribed was not found to be increasing. It was concluded that the rise in cost tends to follow the recent commercial availability of several new antineoplastics, especially doxorubicin. Cancer drug costs will continue to represent a large portion of the total hospital budget in the future and budgets must be planned accordingly. PMID- 7270559 TI - Initial experiences with a pharmacy clinic in a hospital-based group medical practice. AB - Experiences in implementing a pharmacy clinic in a hospital-based primary-care group medical practice are described. A clinic was instituted through the joint support and active participation of the hospital administration and the departments of pharmacy and medicine. In the clinic, pharmacists monitored, assessed, and intervened in the drug therapy needs of patients who requested care or were referred by their primary-care physicians. Pharmacists provided services in 1751 patient visits during the first year of the clinic's operation. Clinic volume increased from two to 17 patients per session. Analysis of these patient visits showed that the pharmacists: (1) assessed physical signs in 60% of the patients, (2) ordered laboratory tests in 30%, (3) found a problem with the drug therapy in approximately one third of the patients, (4) detected new medical complaints in 4% of the patients, (5) initiated change in the drug regimen in 10% of the patient visits, and (6) referred almost 15% of the patients to new sources of care. In this clinic, pharmacists supplemented, not supplanted, the services of physicians for ambulatory patients. PMID- 7270561 TI - Antihypertensive effect of oral timolol maleate and hydrochlorothiazide once daily compared with hydrochlorothiazide once daily. AB - The efficacy and safety of timolol maleate combined with hydrochlorothiazide given once daily compared with hydrochlorothiazide given once daily to patients with hypertension was investigated in a double-blind, randomized study. Patients with uncomplicated, mild to moderate hypertension were admitted to the study. Ten patients received two tablets once daily of timolol maleate 10 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg (T/H). Nine patients received hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg (HCTZ). Blood pressure and pulse rate measurements and laboratory tests were performed after a six-week placebo baseline period and throughout the 12-week study. Mean supine systolic blood pressure decreased by 21-35 mm Hg for the T/H group and by 10-24 mm Hg for the HCTZ group. Mean supine diastolic blood pressure decreased by 15-22 mm Hg for the T/H group and by 10-13 mm Hg for the HCTZ group. Changes observed in the laboratory variables were not statistically significant between the two treatment groups. One patient in each group had an adverse experience considered unrelated to the drug, and no patient had to discontinue the drug therapy because of an adverse reaction. Although both drug regimens effectively and safely treated uncomplicated mild to moderate hypertension, the timolol maleate and hydrochlorothiazide combination had a greater antihypertensive effect. PMID- 7270562 TI - Evaluation of "toxic" serum theophylline concentrations. AB - The relationships between excessively high theophylline doses, the incidence of theophylline toxicity, and toxic serum theophylline concentrations in hospitalized patients were investigated. During a 24-month period, the medical records of patients whose serum theophylline content was above 20 micrograms/ml were studied. Demographic and medical information was recorded, including symptoms attributable to theophylline toxicity, and concurrent disease states and medications. A total of 3112 serum theophylline determinations were made during the study (January 1978 through December 1979); 17% were above 20 micrograms/ml. The medical records of 128 patients were available; 87 of these were studied. The patients were divided into three groups: Group 1--serum theophylline concentrations between 20 and 29.9 micrograms/ml (42 patients); Group 2--30-39.9 micrograms/ml (26 patients); Group 3--above 40 micrograms/ml (19 patients). In Group 1, 81% of the patients had at least one symptom of toxicity. In the other groups, all patients had one or more symptoms of toxicity. Tachycardia was the most common symptom. Four patients had seizures attributable to theophylline toxicity; all four had serum theophylline concentrations above 40 micrograms/ml. Of the 87 study patients, 77 (89%) had received theophylline doses above recommended guidelines. It is concluded that serum theophylline concentrations above 20 micrograms/ml result in a high incidence of toxic symptoms. Serum theophylline determinations should be obtained when treating patients with theophylline. PMID- 7270560 TI - Audit of phenytoin prescribing for outpatients. AB - Phenytoin prescribing for outpatients was audited to determine if it had any deficiencies and to identify the incidence of toxicity. A pharmacy audit committee developed process and outcome criteria for phenytoin prescribing. The retrospective audit involved 45 patients (age, 14-72 years) who had regular contact with a seizure clinic for a two-year period. Only one unjustified therapeutic variation existed according to the criteria outlined for the audit. The incidence of phenytoin toxicity was approximately 38%, but all of the patients received acceptable clinical management. PMID- 7270564 TI - Cimetidine hydrochloride compatibility with preoperative medications. PMID- 7270563 TI - Salicylate hepatitis: a complication of the treatment of Kawasaki's disease. AB - A case of salicylate hepatitis in a seven-week-old boy with Kawasaki's disease, mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is reported. The infant was admitted to the hospital with fever and a diffuse maculopapular petechial rash. He was treated with antibiotics for 72 hours for presumed septicemia. His condition deteriorated and he developed mucous membrane lesions and edema in his hands and feet. When the cultures of spinal fluid, blood, and urine were found to be negative, the antimicrobial therapy was discontinued; however, the cyanosis of his extremities progressed and gangrenous regions developed in his toe and finger pads. Oral aspirin therapy was started at a dosage of 100 mg/kg/day, every six hours. After five days, the rash, membrane lesions, and swelling in his hands and feet resolved. The cyanosis regressed. Liver enzyme tests revealed mild elevations of SGOT and LDH, and on the 12th hospital day these values peaked to a level consistent with salicylate hepatitis. The aspirin therapy was discontinued and within four days the liver function test results were normal. Aspirin therapy was reinstituted at a single daily dose of 30 mg/kg with no recurrence of hepatitis. The careful monitoring of liver function tests is recommended for children with Kawasaki's disease receiving aspirin therapy to avoid salicylate-induced hepatitis. PMID- 7270565 TI - Liquid nutrition as a cause of warfarin resistance. PMID- 7270566 TI - Evaluation of clinical laboratory instruments. Part III: spectral bandwidth and wavelength accuracy. PMID- 7270567 TI - Uniform admissions system for a medical laboratory sciences program. AB - A system for selection of medical technology students has been developed that features numerical ranking of applicants according to a uniform point system. Each applicant is quantitatively evaluated on achievement of academic and non academic criteria identified as predictors of success in the student program and in clinical practice. This admissions system has been statistically evaluated by comparing admissions data for 59 graduates with subsequent measures of success during the program and in their first professional employment. The academic and non-academic predictors used in this system describe separate sets of applicant characteristics and appear to be effective as predictors of success. Academic and non-academic predictors are found to function independently of each other as predictors of success in the academic aspects of the program and in the clinical, non-cognitive aspects of both the student program and subsequent professional practice, respectively. PMID- 7270568 TI - Exacerbation of diabetes mellitus by antibodies to exogenous insulin. AB - Three nonobese maturity-onset diabetic patients has worsening hyperglycemia and ketonuria unresponsive to marked increases in dose of beef/pork insulin. In each case, significant cross-reactivity with human insulin of anti-insulin antibodies generated by exogenous insulin therapy was demonstrated by competition experiments using solid phase radioimmunoassay. Normal or near normal levels of endogenous insulin secretion as determined by C-peptide radioimmunoassay were measured in the three cases. The sequence of events that we postulate to explain the initial presentation with severe hyperglycemia in each case begins with a slight deficiency in endogenous insulin reserve. Mild hyperglycemia then led to treatment with beef/pork insulin. The beef component elicited an antibody response that not only bound exogenous insulin, reducing its effectiveness, but also inactivated each patient's endogenous human insulin, provoking an exacerbation of underlying mild diabetes. PMID- 7270569 TI - Antibiotic treatment of acute shigellosis: failure of cefamandole compared with trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. AB - Intravenously administered ampicillin (AMP), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP SMX) and cefamandole (CEF) were evaluated in 30 children with shigellosis: 11 children received AMP, 10 TMP-SMX, and 9 CEF for a maximum of five days. Discharge criteria included; afebrile greater than 12 hrs, less than 9 stools/day, absence of seizures, and adequate oral intake. AMP or TMP-SMX patients required significantly fewer median days to meet discharge criteria than those who received CEF. AMP and TMP-SMX patients had fewer median days with fever (one day each) compared with CEF (five days). On day five, 7 of 8 CEF, 3 of 10 AMP and 2 of 9 TMP-SMX treated patients remained culture positive. Inhibitory concentrations against all Shigella isolates from CEF patients all were less than or equal to 0.4 microgram CEF/ml. Intravenous TMP-SMX was equivalent to AMP in treatment of children with shigellosis, while CEF was ineffective despite in vitro activity. Clinical and bacteriologic responses were achieved with AMP and TMP-SMX in the majority of patients with less than 5 days of intravenous therapy. PMID- 7270570 TI - Follicular thyroid carcinoma: response to chemotherapy. AB - A 69-year-old woman with far advanced inoperable follicular carcinoma of the thyroid became refractory to radioactive iodine therapy and to combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. She then attained a good clinical response to chemotherapy with adriamycin, CCNU and methotrexate (ACMe); this lasted more than a year. The regimen of adriamycin, CCNU, and methotrexate deserves further study for patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7270571 TI - Mental illness and mental retardation: cause or coincidence? AB - A sample of 93 patients admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit for emotionally disturbed, developmentally disabled adolescents was studied in an attempt to clarify the relationship between intellectual functioning and psychoses occurring in the developmental period. The severity and duration of the psychosis, the presence of hallucinations, and the degree of isolation of the child from his or her environment appear to be important factors influencing the occurrence of decreased psychometric test scores in the individuals studied. PMID- 7270572 TI - Prevalence and pattern of drug treatment for behavior and seizure disorders of TMR students. AB - The prevalence and pattern of psychotropic and antiepileptic drug treatment for TMR children and adolescents in public schools were determined from teacher questionnaires and parent interviews. The relationship between drug use and age, race, and sex was also examined. The findings, indicated that during the school year, 10 percent of the students received medication for seizure disorders and 4.9 percent were treated for behavior disorders. An additional 1.8 percent were treated concurrently for both a seizure and a behavior disorder. The data also suggested that dosages of methylphenidate (Ritalin), the most frequently prescribed drug for persons with behavior disorders, were conservative. The results were interpreted with regard to drug use among nonretarded and severely and profoundly mentally retarded populations. PMID- 7270573 TI - Ultradian rhythms in stereotyped and self-injurious behavior. AB - Institutionalized profoundly mentally retarded persons who exhibited stereotyped motor movements, including self-injurious behavior, were observed continuously in their typical environments for periods of 8 to 14 hours on each of several days. In addition to targeting stereotyped responses, we collected data pertaining to activities, settings, other behavioral states, and social interactions. Spectral and cross-spectral analyses were conducted on data from each daily session. Power spectra indicated a marked ultradian or less than 24-hour rhythm for each subject on each day. Spectral density estimates were thought to reflect the influence of rhythmic changes in the institutional environment and, to a less degree, the influence of an endogenous rest--activity rhythm. PMID- 7270574 TI - Generalization of verbal abstraction strategies by EMR children and adolescents. AB - The effectiveness of strategy-training programs that differed in the degree of subject self-management required on the verbal abstraction performance of 37 female and 43 male EMR children and adolescents was compared. In terms of acquisition, all three training conditions, irrespective of the degree of self management required, were superior to the control condition. At maintenance, the two self-managing conditions (self-instruction and modeling) were superior both to more traditional instructor-controlled training (relevant attributes) and the control condition. All three training conditions were more effective in promoting generalization when compared to the control condition. PMID- 7270575 TI - Influence of a child's race and the EMR label on initial impressions of regular classroom teachers. AB - Regular-classroom elementary school teachers (n = 99) were shown a photograph of an 11-year-old black, Mexican-American, or white child and were told that the child was either EMR or attended a fifth-grade class. Three dependent measures were used to assess the teachers' initial impressions of the child's attractiveness and his academic and behavioral potential. Data indicated that the race of the child significantly influenced the teachers' initial expectations. The EMR label yielded significant results when the teachers assessed the child's intellectual potential. A significant interaction was found on the behavioral measure between race and label, indicating that the race and label of a child can differentially influence a teacher's initial impressions of his or her behavior. Implications and suggestions for further research were discussed. PMID- 7270576 TI - Community residential adjustment: the relationship among environment, performance, and satisfaction. AB - A cohort of 153 persons released from a state school for mentally retarded persons was studied with regard to two outcome measures of community residential adjustment: (a) adaptive behavior as measured by the percentage of mastered skills that a subject performed regularly and independently and (b) subjects' satisfaction with aspects of their residential environments. Five environmental dimensions of six residential program types were examined, and significant differences among the program types on these environmental dimensions were reported. A multiple regression analysis was performed to explain the relationship between the measures of adaptive behavior and individual and environmental characteristics. Benefits of this study's measurement of community adjustment were discussed in terms of their potential use for future research and for use by planners and providers of services. PMID- 7270577 TI - Vocational skill assessment of severely mentally retarded adults. AB - The Trainee Performance Sample, a vocational skills assessment instrument, was revised to enhance content validity and utility in making vocational skill learning placements for severely retarded individuals. The Trainee Performance Sample employs a process measurement approach; i.e., each of the 30 test items (a variety of benchwork tasks) includes both training and correction procedures within the item. To some extent, the examinee's ability to benefit from various training strategies is measured. Psychometric analyses demonstrated that the revised Trainee Performance Sample meets standard test development criteria. Thus, a dynamic approach to vocational skills assessment of severely retarded individuals--one that involves training while testing--has been shown to have both utility and psychometric adequacy. PMID- 7270578 TI - Employee withdrawal and job satisfaction in community residential facilities for mentally retarded persons. AB - This study was conducted to provide information concerning employee stability in community residential facilities serving mentally retarded persons. Information was collected on turnover, length of service, absenteeism, job satisfaction, and increased overhead costs as a consequence of the turnover rate for 21 randomly selected small and large community residential facility organizations that operated a total of 47 living units in Tennessee. Subjects included all house managers (full-time and relief) and administrator/supervisors in the 21 organizations for fiscal year 1978-1979. The results revealed a significant problem of controllable turnover of direct-service employees. The major factors contributing to this problem appeared to be (a) a lack of effective methods to orient, integrate, and maintain new staff members, (b) low pay and wide variations for amount and kind of work to be accomplished, and (c) a lack of training and support systems to deal with behavior problems presented by some residents. PMID- 7270580 TI - Analysis of social praise given during the correction procedure of skill training. PMID- 7270581 TI - Teaching interview skills to mentally retarded persons. AB - Five types of behavior found to be predictive of impressions made by mentally retarded persons in interviews were designated as targets of interview skills training: responsiveness to questions, speech intelligibility, eye contact, smiling, and attractiveness. Two training conditions, using an instruction modeling-rehearsal-feedback format and differing only in type of feedback (video tape and verbal vs. verbal alone), were compared to a placebo condition. Although formal training proved to be little more effective than did the placebo experience, significant improvements in responsiveness and eye contact in the verbal-feedback condition and other trends pointed to the feasibility of improving interview skills with minimal intervention. PMID- 7270579 TI - Perspective-taking by mentally retarded children: a one-year follow-up. AB - The value of repeated measurement in the area of social understanding was demonstrated. In a one-year follow-up, a role-taking task was readministered to 27 of 31 mentally retarded children in order to determine the effects of time on perspective-taking task performance and examine the relationship between perspective-taking task performance and verbal justification for the performance. Performance from one year to the next was, in general, consistent with developmental expectations. Significant associations were found between performance (response scores) and justification (explanation scores), but the nature of the relationship did not indicate a one-to-one correspondence between the two. Implications of these findings for assessment of retarded persons were discussed. PMID- 7270582 TI - Effects of exceptionality status and art instruction on Goodenough--Harris standard IQs. AB - The effects of exceptionality, art instruction, and time elapsing between test administrations on Goodenough--Harris Drawing Test composite standard IQs was investigated. Twenty-four nonexceptional, 24 learning-disabled, and 24 EMR students participated. Half the students received 90 minutes of instruction (over 2 days) in drawing the human figure. The Goodenough--Harris Drawing Test was administered to all students the day after the final art lesson and 3 weeks after the first administration. Using a repeated measures analysis of variance, we found that exceptionality, art instruction, and time elapsing between test administrations affected composite standard IQs. PMID- 7270583 TI - Developmental vs. difference theories of mental retardation: a new look. AB - Performance of three groups of children (retarded, nonretarded, and language impaired) on nonlinguistic symbolic and conceptual cognitive tasks was measured. The performance of the retarded and nonretarded groups was essentially similar, while both of these groups generally performed at higher stage levels than did the language-impaired group. Several testable implications were suggested. PMID- 7270586 TI - Social ecology of supervised communal facilities for mentally disabled adults. V. Residence as a predictor of social and work adjustment. AB - Matched groups of mildly retarded people who lived with their families, independently, or in a sheltered-care home were compared with respect to various measures of work performance and social behavior in sheltered workshops. Differences between the groups were negligible. The results suggest that residential placement by itself does not strongly correlate with productivity or sociability. PMID- 7270585 TI - Social ecology of supervised communal facilities for mentally disabled adults: IV. Characteristics of social behavior. AB - Behavior categories for observations of 304 mentally disabled adults were analyzed in relation to settings (sheltered workshops and residential facility), personal characteristics (age, sex, IQ, diagnosis, and desire for affiliation) and characteristics of partners. Both settings and personal characteristics predicted individual behavior rates for the 10 most frequently observed behavior categories. As many as 14 dimensions were extracted from behavior observed in more intense dyadic relationships; these dimensions were strongly related to characteristics of the individuals in the relationships. Although more intelligent individuals exhibited higher rates of verbal behavior, they were not more verbal in their intense social relationships. Furthermore, individuals at all levels of intelligence were sensitive to the intellectual characteristics of their partners. The results suggest that the social behavior of mentally disabled people is complex and sensitive to the presence and characteristics of others; peer-group composition seems to be critical to social adaptation in communal settings for this population. PMID- 7270584 TI - Evaluation of the effects of SOMPA measures on classification of students as mildly mentally retarded. AB - Recent suggestions for changes in classification criteria for mild mental retardation, advocated in the literature and by the courts and Federal agencies, were investigated with samples of children from four sociocultural groups. Application of the requirements of sociocultural background and broadly conceived adaptive behavior, using the System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment Adaptive Behavior Inventory for Children and Estimated Learning Potential measures, sharply reduced the number and percentages of children eligible for mild mental retardation classification in all sociocultural groups. Implications for the diagnostic construct of mild mental retardation and for the concept of bias in assessment were discussed. PMID- 7270587 TI - Social ecology of supervised communal facilities for mentally disabled adults: VI. Initial social adaptation. AB - The social adaptation of mentally disabled adults introduced to two new vocational rehabilitation settings was investigated. Client behavior was observed for 8 weeks after placement in an evaluation center and for an additional 8 weeks in subsequent workshop settings. During the evaluation period, clients' sociability increased with time in the program. In the later workshop placements, the social milieu rather than time in the program influenced the degree of client sociability. Specifically, in the first 2 weeks of workshop placement, clients placed in Workshop A, which had a more sociable milieu, remained at the high levels of sociability, similar to the last weeks in the evaluation phase. In contrast, clients placed in Workshop B showed a decline in sociability, which was related to environmental variables. Clients initially affiliated more with other clients they knew during evaluation, but this tendency decreased as they became integrated into the workshop program. PMID- 7270588 TI - Evaluation of auditory sensory memory of mentally retarded and nonretarded persons. AB - Performance of mentally retarded and nonretarded persons was compared in two experiments designed to identify processes of auditory sensory memory. In one study backward masking of pure tones occurred for a group of retarded adolescents; however, no differences in masking functions were obtained for the retarded group and control groups of equal CA and MA. In the second study a gap detection task was used as an apparent index of echoic trace durability. Since retarded persons were hypothesized to have a less durable echoic trace, the unique prediction was made that they would outperform control subjects on the task. The retarded group was significantly more accurate and exhibited a lower threshold than did the nonretarded, CA-matched control group. The applicability of these tasks for investigations of mental development was noted, and suggestions were made concerning improvements and extensions of the present research. A theoretical model was proposed to incorporate te current pattern of results. PMID- 7270589 TI - Iconic store readout of mildly mentally retarded and nonretarded individuals. AB - Mildly retarded and nonretarded subjects matched for MA and CA were required to report tachistoscopically presented linear arrays of letters differing with respect to the number of letters per array. On some trials a visual mask appeared coincidentally with or at variable intervals following the onset of the letter array. By varying information load and stimulus onset synchrony and by including a no-mask condition, it was possible to assess the iconic store readout for each of the three groups. Results revealed that the mask was influential in disrupting the sensory store readout for all groups and that the low-MA subjects demonstrated a slower sensory store readout relative to the equal-CA group. The retarded subjects demonstrated the slowest sensory store readout. PMID- 7270590 TI - Stimulus control of stereotypic responding: effects on target and collateral behavior. AB - Inhibitory stimulus control over stereotypic responding of two profoundly retarded adults was established. Discrimination training using the overcorrection technique was carried out under conditions where a light on one end of a series of five lights signalled the presence of the punishment contingency and the light on the other end signalled nonpunishment. Tests for generalization of inhibition were made to all five lights in the series, resulting in generalization gradients. A multiple-baseline procedure was employed in which both target (punished) and nontarget stereotypies were recorded. Steep generalization gradients were obtained, indicating that the subjects were able to make sharp discriminations between safe and unsafe conditions. Deceleration of the target stereotypy was accompanied by marked increases in rates of nonpunished stereotypies. Orderly generalization gradients were obtained for the collateral behavior as well. PMID- 7270591 TI - Application of contingent physical restraint to suppress stereotyped body rocking of profoundly mentally retarded persons. AB - The effectiveness of contingent restraint in reducing stereotyped body rocking of profoundly retarded subjects was investigated to determine (a) whether restraint reduced stereotyped body rocking and (b) the degree to which the effectiveness of restraint depended upon where in the behavioral sequence it was administered. Results showed that restraint, in comparison to no restraint, reduced the amount of body rocking. Also, restraint was judged to be generally more effective if it were applied when the subject was bent over in the middle of the response sequence rather than administered while the subject was sitting upright at the end of the response sequence. The results were interpreted in terms of response chaining and postural feedback. Implications for the utilization of physical restraint as a behavioral intervention were discussed. PMID- 7270592 TI - Relationship between home environment and school adjustment of TMR children. AB - The relationship between the home environment and school adjustment of 104 TMR children was examined. Assessment of home environment included measurement of environmental process variables with Caldwell's HOME Inventory and psychosocial climate with Moos, Insel, and Humphrey's Family Environment Scale. Certain child rearing attitudes and relevant demographic characteristics were also investigated. Measures of school adjustment included the child's social status, self-concept, and IQ and teacher's ratings of classroom behavior. Results revealed that specific factors of home environment were significantly related to the adjustment of TMR children in school including (a) harmony and quality of parenting, (b) educational and cognitive stimulation available at home, (c) emotional support for learning, and (d) cohesiveness of family members. PMID- 7270593 TI - Stimulus control, transfer, and maintenance of upright walking posture in a severely mentally retarded adult. AB - The extent to which behavioral interventions achieve clinical significance frequently rests on whether gains made during an intervention transfer across settings and maintain over time. Critical to this measure of significance is the extent to which manipulation of variables in one setting affects responding in other settings. In the present study a method of obtaining stimulus control of upright walking posture used with one severely retarded adult was described and the effects that varying antecedent and consequent variables in a training setting have on upright posture in a transfer setting was examined. Results indicated that improved posture in the transfer setting was functionally related to manipulation of training-setting variables. Maintenance of posture gains in the transfer setting was excellent across a 3-month follow-up phase. PMID- 7270595 TI - Requisite adaptations in obstetrics and gynecology for the 1980s. Presidential address. PMID- 7270594 TI - Performance of three severely mentally retarded adults on vocational response chains during extinction. AB - The intrachain performance patterns of three severely retarded adults were analyzed under continuous reinforcement and extinction schedules. The three subjects performed a nine-step operant chain that required the placement of eight electrical components in a circuit board blank. The time to perform the entire chain and the time taken at each step of the chain were electronically monitored. A combined multiple-baseline, ABA reversal design was used. Reinforcers were delivered following completion of the chain during A phases and withheld during the B phase. Data indicated that overall chain performance was slower during extinction, and this effect was due primarily to reduced response speed on the early steps in the chain. Implications of these data for vocational habilitation of retarded adults were discussed. PMID- 7270596 TI - Posthysterectomy enterocele and vaginal vault prolapse. AB - Of 421 patients with posthysterectomy enterocele and vault prolapse, 190 cases are reported for the first time. These 190 patients had 197 operations, 90% were vaginal procedures and 10% were abdominal-presacral suspension procedures; 88% of the operations provided good vaginal support and a satisfactory result. A vaginal repair is advocated for this condition because it provides an excellent result with minimal exposure of the frequently elderly patient to serious risk or disability. An abdominal-presacral suspension is advised only for those patients who are anxious to preserve vaginal function, in whom there is an inversion of an already much-operated-on, snug vagina. PMID- 7270597 TI - Eclampsia at Magee-Womens Hospital, 1970 to 1980. PMID- 7270598 TI - The bicycle seat stool in the treatment of vaginal agenesis and stenosis: a preliminary report. AB - A new pressure technique for treatment of vaginal agenesis and stenosis, with the use of the bicycle seat stool, specifically designed Lucite dilators, and the patient model, is described. Experience with this method in 24 patients over a 5 year period produced coital function in 10 of 12 patients with vaginal agencies and 10 of 14 patients and various types of stenosis. Favorable experience with this technique, as compared to a previous 5-year period, in which the majority of vaginal agenesis was managed by the Abbe-McIndoe operation, has led to reversal of primary therapy of vaginal agenesis and stenosis from a surgical to a nonsurgical approach. PMID- 7270599 TI - Detrusor instability syndrome: the use of bladder retraining drills with and without anticholinergics. AB - Ninety-two (24.6%) of 374 patients referred to our gynecologic urology unit were found to have instability of the detrusor muscle with no recognizable associated pathologic conditions: idiopathic detrusor instability. Thirty-nine (42.4%) of these 92 patients demonstrated the instability only after detrusor activation maneuvers such as coughing, heel bouncing, or positional changes. The cure rate among patients with both "spontaneous" and "provoked" contractions of the detrusor muscle was comparable to the cure rate among those whose bladder contractions were apparent only after detrusor activation maneuvers (p greater than 0.9). The success rate of bladder retraining drills (BRD) as the sole mode of therapy was not significantly different from that observed with BRD combined with anticholinergics (p greater than 0.6). PMID- 7270600 TI - Colon cancer with postmenopausal uterine bleeding. PMID- 7270601 TI - Scuba diving during pregnancy: a brief review. PMID- 7270602 TI - Giardiasis in pregnancy. AB - Giardiasis in pregnancy can be a debilitating disease with threatens the well being of mother and fetus, as illustrated by three cases. The usual therapeutic agents are contraindicated in pregnancy. Paromomycin, an oral, poorly absorbed aminoglycoside, is an alternate, potentially less toxic agent for treatment of symptomatic giardiasis in pregnancy. The pharmacologic actions of paromomycin in human beings and its antiprotozoan efficacy are discussed. PMID- 7270603 TI - The effect of condom use on squamous cell cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - Between January 1, 1968, and July 1, 1980, 377 of a total 412 patients with biopsy-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were seen in the private office of the authors and followed for more than 6 months after biopsy and the start of treatment. Thirty-five patients were lost to follow-up. Ninety-one were treated primarily by hysterectomy. The 286 patients in whom childbearing function was to be preserved were instructed, as soon as the diagnosis of CIN was confirmed, to use a mechanical barrier (the condom) throughout intercourse. In addition to the use of the condom, 40 of the 286 underwent surgical conization and 107 underwent cryosurgery. All of these 147 patients eventually showed cytologic and colposcopic regression of the disease. One hundred and thirty-nine patients were treated with the condom alone. One hundred and thirty-six of the 139 showed complete regression of the disease. Eighteen (6.2%) of the 286 patients had late recurrences of the disease; 12 of these experienced regression again with the resumption of the use of the condom. No patients showed progression of the disease while using the condom. All grades of CIN proved to be reversible. It is recommended that a mechanical barrier at intercourse be added to any program for conservative treatment of CIN. PMID- 7270604 TI - Endotoxic shock in the primate: effects of aspirin and dipyridamole administration. AB - A primate model was utilized to study the cardiovascular and coagulation effects of endotoxic shock. The therapeutic effectiveness of drugs such as aspirin and dipyridamole, which diminish platelet aggregation and adherence, were evaluated. From the data, it appears that the kidney is a target organ in endotoxic shock, at least when a bolus injection of endotoxin is administered. The precipitate falls in the renal artery flow (p less than 0.01) and platelet count (p less than 0.01), which occur 3 minutes after the intravenous injection of endotoxin, can be prevented in part by pretreatment with aspirin (40 mg/kg of body weight). The changes in the coagulation profile were of less magnitude, and the fibrin degradation products appeared late in the group pretreated with aspirin as compared to the other groups. The combination of dipyridamole and aspirin was not as effective as aspirin alone in achieving the apparently protective effect. The study suggests that the administration of aspirin to patients with gram-negative infections may be beneficial. PMID- 7270605 TI - Immunoglobulin E levels and antisperm antibody titers in infertile couples. AB - Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and antisperm antibody titers were determined in samples of serum and seminal plasma from 25 fertile men (Group A), 18 infertile men without measurable immunity to sperm (Group B), and 42 infertile men autoimmune to sperm (Group C), and in samples of serum and cervical and vaginal secretions from 25 fertile women (Group D), 28 infertile women without measurable immunity to sperm (Group E), and 32 infertile women isoimmune to sperm (Group F). Among the men, IgE levels in the serum, measured in international units per milliliter, were elevated in Group C (230 +/- 41, mean +/- SEM) as compared with Groups B (94 +/- 33, P less than 0.05) and A (55 +/- 8, P less than 0.001). In contrast, IgE levels in the seminal plasma in Group C (180 +/- 44) were not significantly different from those in Group B (48 +/- 21), but were higher than those in Group A (8 +/- 2, P less than 0.05). In the women, serum IgE levels were higher (P less than 0.001) in Group F, with isoimmunity to sperm (472 +/- 55), than in Groups E (219 +/- 32) and D (76 +/- 16). Wives of autoimmune husbands had somewhat, though not significantly, higher serum IgE levels (406 +/- 55), than had wives of nonautoimmune husbands (247 +/- 97). These results provide evidence for an elevated IgE response in subjects with significantly elevated antisperm antibody titers. PMID- 7270606 TI - Autoimmune hemolytic disease during pregnancy. PMID- 7270607 TI - Amniotic fluid infection as determined by transabdominal amniocentesis in patients with intact membranes in premature labor. AB - The rate of microbial infection of amniotic fluid among patients in premature labor with intact membranes and the effect of this condition on perinatal morbidity and mortality are not known. Two study this question, specimens of amniotic fluid were collected by transabdominal amniocentesis from 31 patients in premature labor with intact membranes. Microorganisms were isolated from 25% (8/31) of the specimens; 87% (7/8) of these mothers underwent delivery within 48 hours of amniocentesis, and 75% (6/8) of positive culture were from mothers who were never febrile. Perinatal morbidity was significantly greater among mothers with positive amniotic fluid cultures, as evidenced by earlier gestational age at delivery (31 vs. 36 weeks), lower newborn weight (1,740 vs. 2,613 grams), and longer hospitalization (39 vs. 9 days). A few simple, commonly available laboratory tests (amniotic fluid Gram stain, lactic dehydrogenase levels, and white blood cell count) appear to be useful in making a rapid diagnosis. The data suggest that the presence of microorganisms in the amniotic fluid of afebrile patients in premature labor with intact membranes represents an infectious process rather than an innocuous condition and raises questions with regard to current obstetric trends in the management of premature labor. The routine evaluation of similar patients by transabdominal amniocentesis is not recommended unless prospective studies can demonstrate a decrease in perinatal morbidity and mortality with this approach. PMID- 7270608 TI - An evaluation of the tissue pH electrode for fetal monitoring using the fetal sheep as an experimental model. AB - The performance of the Roche tissue pH electrode has been assessed by comparison of values recorded by the the electrode with the pH of arterial blood, in fetal sheep. Observations were made under controlled conditions when the fetal pH was steady, during hypoxia, and after hypoxia. The results showed a highly significant correlation of the values recorded by the electrodes with the pH of arterial blood (r = 0.89, p less than 0.001 during control; and r = 0.86, p less than 0.001 during hypoxia and recovery). However, in about 10% of cases the insertion proved to be unsatisfactory, and in one half of the successful insertions there was a rapid initial drift which lasted up to 45 min. After stabilization, tissue pH values were symmetrically distributed about the atrial pH, with a SD of 0.07 unit. Multiple electrodes in the same fetus gave the same scatter. Movements of the electrode caused significant artefacts. During hypoxia (produced by compression of the cord or administration of gas mixtures low in O2), the electrodes lagged behind the changes in arterial pH by up to 10 min. The conclusion is that the inherent variability of the tissue pH electrode makes it unsuitable as an absolute indicator of fetal well-being, and that it cannot be used alone as an indication for operative intervention. Nevertheless, because of the limitations of conventional techniques, it should be valuable as an adjunct and, in particular, it should help in the interpretation of equivocal fetal heart rate tracings, thereby reducing the risk of fetal death. PMID- 7270609 TI - Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies in cord blood. PMID- 7270610 TI - Detection of fetal cord compromise secondary to umbilical cord hematoma with the nonstress test. PMID- 7270611 TI - Genesis of 46,XY hydatidiform mole. PMID- 7270612 TI - Correlation of postpartum intravenous pyelograms with clinical localization of antepartum pyelonephritis. PMID- 7270613 TI - Massive postpartum hematuria of the right kidney. PMID- 7270614 TI - Atrial hemangioma and hydrops fetalis. PMID- 7270615 TI - Suppression of human chorionic gonadotropin by progestational steroids. PMID- 7270616 TI - Inflammatory disease with use of IUD. PMID- 7270617 TI - Febrile morbidity following cefamandole nafate intrauterine irrigation during cesarean section. AB - The effectiveness of intrauterine irrigation during cesarean section with a solution of cefamandole nafate in reducing febrile morbidity was studied in a prospective double-blind fashion. Ninety patients who were undergoing cesarean section at Tripler Army Medical Center were randomized into three groups: (1) intrauterine irrigation with cefamandole nafate solution, (2) intrauterine irrigation with normal saline solution, and (3) no irrigation. Febrile morbidity was evaluated by means of a fever index. There was a statistically significant reduction in the fever index in the group that received intrauterine irrigation with cefamandole nafate. The incidences of clinically diagnosed endomyometritis in the three groups were 0%, 26.7%, and 23.3%, respectively. Prophylactic intrauterine irrigation with cefamandole nafate during cesarean section markedly reduces febrile morbidity, primarily by reducing the incidence of endomyometritis. PMID- 7270618 TI - Amniophoresis as an adjunct to fetoscopy. PMID- 7270619 TI - Impact of routine fetal monitoring during labor on fetal outcome with long-term follow-up. AB - A computerized system for the storage of antenatal, intrapartal, and neonatal data has been used since 1973. The present study evaluated the influence of changed neonatal and obstetric practices, with special regard to routine fetal monitoring. Three periods were studied: 1973-1974 (6,542 deliveries, only selected high-risk patients monitored); 1975-1976 (6,857 deliveries, high-risk patients monitored); 1977-1979 (9,638 deliveries, 90% monitored). The numbers of infants with an Apgar score less than 7 at 1 and 5 min were similar in 1973-1974 and 1975-1976, but the number was significantly reduced in 1977-1979. During the years studied, all but eight infants with an Apgar score less than 7 at 5 min participated in a scheduled long-term follow-up (at least 14 mo). In 1973-1974, 25 infants (35.2%) demonstrated neurological handicaps. In 1975-1976, 14 infants (19.2%) had sequelae; in 1977-1979, only three infants (4.6%) were damaged. Trend analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of infants with neurological sequelae through the years; the reduction was significant for premature and low-risk infants but not for mature high-risk infants. The improved short-term and long-term fetal outcomes seem to be largely a result of routine fetal monitoring with all its implications for obstetric and neonatal management; the significant reduction in neurological sequelae, even after correction for other changes in obstetric routines, supports this suggestion. PMID- 7270620 TI - Fetal movement, biochemical and biophysical parameters, and the outcome of pregnancy. AB - Fetal movements, fetal heart rate patterns, and serum estriol levels were prospectively monitored in 91 high-risk and normal pregnant women. In four women, there was cessation of fetal movements. In three of these cases, there were pathologic changes in fetal heart rate patterns, with one neonatal death. Of the 87 women who did not demonstrate cessation of fetal movements, one had changes in fetal heart rate patterns. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (Z test: p less than 0.001). No correlation was found between fetal movements and serum estriol levels in this study. Daily recording of fetal movements can be used as an effective screening test, with high sensitivity and specificity for the fetus in utero. Cessation of fetal movement places the fetus in a high-risk category and should alert the physician to the need for non-stress tests. PMID- 7270621 TI - Numerical analysis of the human fetal heart rate: the quality of ultrasound records. AB - A method is described for the computerized numerical analysis of fetal heart periods (pulse intervals). It uses a digital filter to separate the record into its high- and low-frequency components and, after removal of baseline variation, identifies accelerations and decelerations of all sizes. It provides an objective method for separating episodes of high heart period variation, normally associated with fetal movements, from episodes of low variation. When Doppler ultrasound is used in the last 10 weeks of gestation, failure time averages 40%. Signal loss is not randomly distributed; it is on average 75% greater during episodes of high heart period variation, although it is not particularly associated with fetal movements as identified by nurse or patient. Nevertheless a comparison of simultaneous direct ECG and ultrasound records shows that the latter provide reasonable statistical measures of heart period variation, and also of accelerations and decelerations provided that signal loss is taken into account. The system thus provides a particularly useful adjunct to the analysis of antenatal human fetal heart rate records. PMID- 7270622 TI - Incidence of premature delivery following the oxytocin challenge test. AB - The oxytocin challenge test (OCT) has been used to identify and follow the fetus at risk for uteroplacental insufficiency. Of 389 patients who had at least one OCT prior to 38 weeks' gestation, 26 (6.7%) underwent delivery after spontaneous onset of premature labor within 5 days of an OCT. This compares to a 7.5% incidence of spontaneous delivery prior to 38 wk at the University of California Irvine Hospital, and to a 7.6% rate of premature delivery after spontaneous onset of labor in those patients followed with nonstress tests only. PMID- 7270623 TI - The effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition by indomethacin on ovulation and ovum maturation in the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary. AB - Prostaglandins (PGs) have been implicated in the mechanism of ovulation in several species through the use of PG synthesis inhibitors such as indomethacin. Studies of ovulation in the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary have aided in the delineation of the process of ovulation. This study was designed to determine the effects of indomethacin on follicle rupture and ovum development in the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary preparation. Indomethacin treatment (0.5 microgram/ml) significantly reduced the occurrence of ovulation in gonadotropin-treated ovaries. The percentage of in vitro ovulated ova and ova recovered from unruptured follicles during ovarian perfusion which achieved Metaphase II did not significantly differ between indomethacin-treated and control ovaries (hCG alone). However, increased degeneration of Metaphase II ova was associated with indomethacin treatment. In in vitro culture experiments this degeneration could be prevented by supplemental PGF2 alpha. These results indicate that inhibition of PG synthesis by indomethacin prevents follicle rupture but does not affect ovum maturation, thus providing further evidence that these two processes are distinct phenomena in vitro. PMID- 7270624 TI - Postcoital tests and sperm-agglutinating antibodies in men. AB - Postcoital tests (PCTs) were examined from couples where the husbands had circulating head-to-head (H-H) or tail-to-tail (T-T) sperm-agglutinating antibodies. The results were compared with findings in couples without antibodies. The presence of H-H sperm-agglutinating antibodies did not interfere with the outcome of the PCT. High serum titers of T-T sperm-agglutinating antibodies, the presence of such antibodies in the seminal fluid, and/or a strong or complete autoagglutination in the husband's ejaculate markedly reduced the number of invading spermatozoa as well as their survival in the PCT. A moderate titer of T-T sperm-agglutinating antibodies was also reflected in the PCT but low titers did not have any influence on the results. PMID- 7270625 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and pregnancy. AB - Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most common congenital heart lesion, and the diagnosis is frequently made in young women of childbearing age. The management of this disorder during pregnancy has not been well studied. Our investigation reviews the outcomes of 42 pregnancies among 25 patients with MVP diagnosed before conception by the characteristic auscultatory and echocardiographic findings. All patients with no other cardiovascular disorder tolerated pregnancy well and developed no remarkable cardiac complications. Furthermore, the incidence of antepartum and intrapartum complications or signs of fetal distress was not greater when compared with pregnant patients with no known cardiac disorder (p greater than 0.05). Congestive heart failure occurred in one case in which premature labor with coexisting toxemia was treated with the combined intravenous administration of a beta adrenergic tocolytic drug, a glucocorticoid drug, and a large volume of fluids. PMID- 7270626 TI - Pregnancy in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts: report of two cases. PMID- 7270627 TI - Radial keratotomy in non-human primate eyes. AB - We performed a prospective study of the effects of radial keratotomy in the owl monkey. We compared a 16-incision and an eight-incision radial keratotomy, and followed the changes in corneal curvature, corneal thickness, endothelial cell counts, and intraocular pressure. We compared the results of the changes in these clinical factors with a histopathologic and ultrastructural analysis of the time related changes after radial keratotomy in another group of animals. We found that the loss of initial corneal flattening following radial keratotomy corresponded with the contracture of the wound as demonstrated by histopathologic and ultrastructural study. This procedure results in a significant endothelial cell loss (14% to 15%), which is a result of the postsurgical inflammation associated with this surgery. Additionally, examination of the histopathologic structure of these corneas showed a high level of variability in the surgical incision depth, which we believe is responsible for the marked variations in the response to the surgical procedure. PMID- 7270628 TI - A statistical analysis of radial keratotomy in human cadaver eyes. AB - We performed radial keratotomy using the Fyodorov techniques on 14 Eye Bank eyes. Using stepwise regression and best subset statistical analysis, we examined the effects of incision length. We found that the most significant variables affecting postoperative corneal curvature were the incision depth and length. The histologic examination of serial sections of the Eye Banks eyes after this procedure revealed that the average achieved incision depth, using a standard blade depth setting, had variations of up to 30% between eyes. This inability to standardize incision depth may lead to the variable surgical results reported in radial keratotomy. PMID- 7270629 TI - Orally administered tetracycline for phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. AB - We treated six patients who had recurrent episodes of nontuberculous phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis and progressive corneal vascularization and scarring with oral tetracycline. This treatment resulted in rapid relief of symptoms and the apparent arrest of this disease. There have been no complications secondary to the use of tetracycline. To date, there has been only one recurrence in the patients treated with tetracycline which consisted of mild conjunctival hyperemia. We believe oral tetracycline is a safe and effective treatment for resistant and recurrent nontuberculous phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis and an alternative to topical corticosteroid treatment in those patients suffering from corticosteroid-induced complications. PMID- 7270630 TI - Mucinous sweat gland adenocarcinoma of the eyelid. AB - A 62-year-old woman developed a recurrent mucinous sweat gland adenocarcinoma of the eyelid. The clinical characteristics of this rare, primary adnexal neoplasm of skin in our patient were, to our knowledge, unique. The tumor mimicked a lacrimal sac tumor and had orbital extension demonstrated preoperatively by computed axial tomography. Orbital extension of the tumor mass was confirmed during a wide, en bloc, excisional biopsy. PMID- 7270631 TI - Inflammatory Terrien's marginal corneal disease. AB - We studied 13 patients with Terrien's marginal degeneration of the cornea. Six of these 13 patients had recurrent, disabling, episodic inflammation that was the most dominant feature of the disease. Severe pain and an associated episcleritis or superficial scleritis was present in all the patients during these attacks. These findings suggested that an inflammatory spectrum of Terrien's disease may exist. PMID- 7270634 TI - Chorioretinal foreign body simulating malignant melanoma. AB - A 37-year-old man underwent an enucleation of his left eye because of a lesion that demonstrated the clinical and fluorescein angiographic characteristics of a malignant melanoma. Histologic examination of the eye disclosed a chorioretinal inflammatory mass caused by refractile crystalline material. PMID- 7270632 TI - Pigmented basal cell carcinoma of the eyelids. AB - In a retrospective study of 100 cases of basal cell carcinoma treated by surgical excision, we found nine pigmented lesions. The clinical diagnosis of pigmented basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid was rarely considered and the lesion was often misdiagnosed as a melanoma. The pigmented basal cell carcinoma was no different from the nonpigmented basal cell carcinoma with respect to the sex and age of the patients and the locations, durations, and recurrence rates of the lesions. PMID- 7270635 TI - Simultaneous bilateral iris metastases from renal cell carcinoma. AB - A 60-year-old man experienced a sudden painless decrease in visual acuity in his right eye. An examination disclosed a 2.8-mm mass attached to the iris collarette in each eye. Investigation showed a 10-mm mass in the inferior pole of the left kidney. The iris nodules and the affected kidney were removed. Although the patient died of cerebral metastases three months after surgery, the iris masses did not recur, the patient's discomfort was minimal, and his visual acuity remained normal. PMID- 7270633 TI - Ectopic lacrimal gland cyst of the orbit. AB - Ectopic lacrimal gland tissue is most common in the eyelid, conjunctiva, and cornea, but may also be found in the uvea or orbit. A 7-year-old boy developed a mass in the anterior superiomedial orbit close to the trochlea. A superior medial orbitotomy, done when the boy was 9 years old, disclosed a tense, thin-walled, fluid-filled cyst containing a small nest of normal lacrimal gland with a large capsule of fibrous tissue containing areas of singly layered epithelial cells. PMID- 7270637 TI - Complete ophthalmoplegia secondary to amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma. AB - Total ophthalmoplegia associated with biopsy-proven amyloid infiltration of the extraocular muscles developed in a 60-year-old man with multiple myeloma. Amyloid was also found in biopsy specimens of the conjunctiva and eyelid papules. The patient also had eyelid purpura, keratitis sicca, and pupillary abnormalities. Treating the multiple myeloma had no effect on the ophthalmoplegia. Physicians should be aware that ophthalmoplegia associated with amyloidosis may indicate an underlying myeloma rather than primary systemic amyloidosis. PMID- 7270636 TI - Herpes simplex type 1 retinitis in an adult with systemic herpes zoster. AB - A 72-year-old man developed bullous skin lesions two months before he was discovered to have malignant lymphoma. Herpes zoster virus grew from the skin bullae. He developed encephalitis, keratitis in the left eye, and bilateral retinitis 18 months later. Herpes simplex virus type 1 grew from cultures of the eyelid vesicles and corneal scrapings from the left eye. The patient died two years after the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. Virus particles believed to be herpes simplex virus were demonstrated on electron microscopy in the necrotic retinal cells. PMID- 7270638 TI - Sixth nerve palsy complicating percutaneous thermal ablation of the trigeminal nerve rootlet. AB - Two patients, an 81-year-old man and a 77-year-old woman, developed sixth nerve palsies after radiofrequency trigeminal gangliolysis for trigeminal neuralgia. Both sixth nerve palsies resolved spontaneously within four to seven months. The combination of postoperative trigeminal nerve deficits and transient oculomotor nerve palsies can mimic parasellar mass lesions and lead to unnecessary neuroradiologic investigation in the early postoperative period. PMID- 7270639 TI - Unilateral nasal hemianopia as a sign of intracranial optic nerve compression. AB - A 52-year-old woman complained of progressive loss of vision in the right eye. Although the visual acuity was normal, there was a relative afferent pupillary defect, and a mild decrease in color vision, mild optic disk pallor, and a nasal field defect along the central vertical meridian. The left eye was normal. Craniotomy disclosed a giant right-sided carotid-ophthalmic artery aneurysm. PMID- 7270640 TI - Traumatic chiasmal syndrome associated with pneumocephalus and sellar fracture. AB - A 50-year-old man sustained severe head injury, including a brief loss of consciousness, in an automobile accident. Skull X-ray films disclosed a fracture of the right superior orbit. Computed tomography demonstrated pneumocephalus and extension of the fracture into the sella turcica. Perimetric testing disclosed a bitemporal hemianopia along the vertical meridian. Visual acuity was 6/6 (20/20) in both eyes. Right macular sparing and left macular splitting were demonstrated by Amsler grid analysis as well as by the patient's description of target grids projected onto his maculas. Diplopia was attributed to direct grids projected onto his maculas. Diplopia was attributed to direct injury of the right superior rectus muscle and to the effect of bitemporal field loss. There was no evidence of pituitary dysfunction. No treatment of the patient's visual loss was undertaken. A six-month follow-up examination disclosed no change in the patient's visual field abnormalities. PMID- 7270641 TI - Visual loss as the initial symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A 42-year-old woman had severe, bilateral visual loss and the initial symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus. Fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms demonstrated an inflammatory process and severe ischemia. Vision in the less severely affected eye markedly improved after systemic and retrobulbar administrations of corticosteroids. PMID- 7270642 TI - Results with a temporary balloon buckle for the repair of retinal detachment. AB - We created temporary scleral buckles in 100 patients who had retinal detachments by inserting a balloon into the parabulbar space for one week. Cryopexy- or laser induced adhesions were needed to make the attachments permanent. In 90 patients the balloon closed the retinal break and reattached the retina. In six instances the break reopened because of traction or poor adhesion and required a scleral sponge operation to reattach the retina permanently. The low complication rate may compensate for the increased risk of redetachment. PMID- 7270643 TI - Gradual increase in the sensitivity of extraocular muscles to acetylcholine during topical treatment of rabbit eyes with isoflurophate. AB - During the course of four to 14 days of topical application of isoflurophate ointment to rabbit eyes, there was a gradual increase in the sensitivity to acetylcholine of the superior recti muscles of treated eyes in vitro in the absence but not in the presence of eserine. The development of increased sensitivity to acetylcholine was accelerated when isoflurophate was applied twice daily. This increased sensitivity to acetylcholine was maintained when, after two weeks of twice-daily isoflurophate treatment, the frequency of administration was decreased to two applications per week. Partial reversal of this effect occurred seven to 14 days after the last isoflurophate treatment. PMID- 7270644 TI - Pathologic examination of a J-loop posterior chamber intraocular lens in the ciliary sulcus. AB - A Shearing J-loop posterior chamber intraocular lens was implanted into an eye after an extracapsular cataract extraction. The loops were deliberately placed in the ciliary sulcus between the iris root and the ciliary processes. The patient died 11 months after surgery and the eye was obtained for pathologic study. The complete lack of inflammation in the uveal tissue where the loops of the intraocular lens had rested confirmed the benign postoperative course of this eye. PMID- 7270645 TI - The effect of a generic drug law on the retail cost of antiglaucoma medications. AB - The passage of the Missouri generic drug law in 1979 did not increase the dispensing of generic antiglaucoma medications, nor did it reduce retail prices. In 1976 and in 1980, antiglaucoma medications purchased with generic prescriptions were no less expensive than medications purchased with brand-name prescriptions. Almost all generic prescriptions were filled with brand-name products. A wide range of prices (approximately twofold) was noted from pharmacy to pharmacy for each drug. The retail cost of antiglaucoma medication increased approximately 35% between March and April 1976 and July and August 1980. This was less than the increase in the Consumer Price Index for the urban United States during the same period. PMID- 7270646 TI - Radial keratotomy in perspective. PMID- 7270647 TI - Radial keratotomy. PMID- 7270648 TI - Additional information on adverse reactions to timolol. PMID- 7270650 TI - The osmotic component of swelling under extended wear soft contact lenses. AB - Swelling of the cornea during sleep when wearing an extended wear contact lens has a osmotic and hypoxic component. The normal swelling of the cornea during sleep, caused by the change from hypertonic tears of the open eye to the isotonic tears of the closed eye, is about 3%. Under an extended-wear contact lens, there is an additional 6 to 8% swelling of the cornea in the closed eye because the cornea under the contact lens is at an oxygen tension substantially below that present in the palpebral conjunctiva. Data on human subjects wearing extended wear contact lenses are consistent with this allocation of the 8 to 12% total corneal swelling observed upon awakening. PMID- 7270649 TI - Adduction palsy and synergistic divergence. PMID- 7270651 TI - Effect of saline solution immersion on corneal scattering characteristics. AB - The scattering characteristics of the cornea were measured during immersion in various saline concentrations. Initially, scattering was monitored subjectively by spatial frequency thresholds and contrast thresholds on sine wave grids, and by the border enhancement method. Although all three methods responded to corneal scattering changes produced during immersion, the latter method proved to be the most sensitive. The border enhancement method was subsequently applied during immersion of the cornea in various hypotonic and hypertonic saline solutions. Scattering changes were recorded during an immersion period of 1 hr followed by a recovery period of 1/2 hr. As expected, the scattering increased with hypotonicity. However, certain features of the time characteristics of the scattering changes suggest that the effect of the immersion fluid is modified by the tear flow. PMID- 7270652 TI - The range of zero-associated phoria in an asymptomatic clinical population. AB - The clinical concept of the range of zero-associated phoria is developed, and normative data for this range are presented based on a clinical study of 201 asymptomatic patients. The relation of patient age, sex, and amount of near lens addition to this range is examined. The range at far is not related to patient age or sex. The range at near appears to bae independent of patient age, sex, and the amount of near addition required by presbyopes. PMID- 7270653 TI - Emergent textural contours: a new technique for visual monitoring in nystagmus, oculomotor dysfunction, and accommodative disorders. AB - Emergent textural contours, the perceptual effect seen during continuous rotation of symmetrical arrays of uniform pattern elements, provide a unique source of visual feedback for eye movements and resolutional states and have potential for use as a new clinical tool. The phenomenon is produced by a combination of factors including the effects of visual persistence and differential resolution. A total of 28 subjects including 17 normals, 4 nystagmus, 4 oculomotor dysfunction, and 3 accommodative facility cases were shown an emergent textural contour with an instrument (the Goldrich Contour Rotator) for its display. Subjects were enabled to monitor their own eye movements and accommodative training. Nystagmus subjects were provided with a continuous source of visual input reflecting their ocular oscillations and a determination of the null point of nystagmus was made with the instrument. PMID- 7270654 TI - Physical fitness and intraocular pressure. AB - The ability of moderate to intense aerobic exercise to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) has been reported. Previous studies have focused on a single postexercise recovery period not considering the long-term effect of improved physical fitness on IOP. A total of 32 adult subjects, all having IOP's of greater than 18 mmm Hg in each eye as determined by an American Optical Corporation Non-Contact Tonometer, were selected for the study. After a complete medical and visual evaluation, participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (N = 18) receiving a 6-month supervised exercise program to improve physical fitness or into a control group (N = 14). After 6 months, each group was reevaluated to observe changes in physical fitness and IOP. Pre- and poststudy measurements of maximum oxygen uptake (ml/kg/min) made with a Beckman O2 analyzer showed significant improvement in physical fitness in the intervention group (p less than 0.05). There was a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in IOP, 2.0 mmm Hg in the right eye and 1.3 mm Hg in the left eye, in the intervention group; however, decreases in IOP were comparable and significant (p less than 0.05) in the control group. Results from multiple regression analysis for each individual group and for combined groups indicated that changes in IOP were not dependent upon changes in physical fitness. PMID- 7270655 TI - Extended wear contact lenses for aphakia. AB - The current modality for correcting unilateral aphakia is by the use of daily wear hard and soft contact lenses and by the use of intraocular lens implants. The use of the Cooper Permalens soft contact lens as an extended wear lens for correction of aphakia was investigated in 177 eyes. The relative merits of the extended wear lens are discussed with emphasis on fit, visual function, and contact lens-related problems. PMID- 7270656 TI - The effect of anoxia on the human corneal epithelium. AB - After 6 hr of oxygen deprivation, the human corneal epithelium had not swollen. Over the first hour of recovery from anoxia, the epithelium shrank by up to 20% before returning toward its predeprivation thickness. No fluorescein staining of the epithelium was seen during these experiments, but some subjects were able to discern halos immediately after deprivation. We conclude that homeostasis is maintained in the corneal epithelium for up to 6 hr of anoxia, but the intercellular spaces may be altered. PMID- 7270657 TI - Implementation of a microprocessor-based visual-evoked cortical potential recording and analysis system. AB - An Imsai 8080 microcomputer is being used to simultaneously generate a color graphics stimulus display and to record visual-evoked cortical potentials. A brief description of the hardware and software developed for this system is presented. Data storage and analysis techniques are also discussed. PMID- 7270658 TI - Assessing field defects of the low-vision patient. AB - Field losses are of particular significance to the low-vision patient, so it is incumbent upon the low-vision clinician to determine the degree, location, and extent of this field loss. Optometrists prefer to map the fields carefully for quantitative analysis, but if fatigue or debility prevent this a simplified technique is required. Devices and techniques are described which are shown to be effective. PMID- 7270659 TI - Ocular quinine toxicity followed by electroretinogram, electro-oculogram, and pattern visually evoked potential. AB - A patient who had ingested quinine as a suicide gesture was followed from 14.5 hr to 6 months with electrodiagnostic tests. The electroretinogram revealed early increased a-wave and decreased b-wave amplitudes, increased implicit times, and diminished oscillatory potentials. The electro-oculogram showed a decreased "light rise," and the pattern visually evoked potential was found to have an increased implicit time throughout the period of testing. These data indicate that there is an early direct toxic effect of quinine on the retinal cells. PMID- 7270660 TI - Influence of resistance, speed of movement, and forearm position on recruitment of the elbow flexors. AB - In this experiment, it was found that the maximum recruitment of the elbow flexors, with the exception of Pronator Teres, was greater with the forearm in the supinated position. Increases in the resistance and the speed of movement placed greater demands on all muscles. This was reflected by the increased EMG levels. These findings have clinical implications in the rehabilitation of the elbow flexors following musculo-skeletal or neurological pathology. It is suggested that a program of strengthening of the elbow flexors should include activities in the supinated position. This position places the greatest demand on the major elbow flexors. Additional demands can be made by alteration in the resistance and speed of movement. PMID- 7270661 TI - Validity of power output estimation for wheelchair locomotion. AB - The purpose of this study was to validate an in-field method of estimating power output (PO) requirements for manual wheelchair (WC) locomotion. PO was calculated from the average force required to push a WC and its occupant over level tile and low pile carpeted surfaces multiplied by the locomotive velocity (3 km.hr-1). Average pushing force was determined by a strain-gauge transducer and an electronic integrator. Ten male volunteers (wt in WC = 73 -96 kg) were found to require PO levels ranging from 38 to 63 kpm.h4-1 and 98 to 135 kpm.min-1 for WC locomotion on the tiled and carpeted surface, respectively. Subjects then propelled the WC over the test surfaces at 3 km.h4-1 while steady state VO2, VE and HR were monitored. These variables were also monitored while the subjects operated a wheelchair ergometer (WERG) at corresponding PO levels. VO2 and VE were found to be about 15% higher, and HR about 3% higher for actual WC locomotion. High correlations were found for these variables between WC and WERG operation. Somewhat higher response values for WC locomotion may in part be due to the additional load of steering, inertial forces and weight of the gas collection apparatus. The similarity of these responses for both modes of exercise, however, suggests the validity of this method of determining PO requirements for WC locomotion. PMID- 7270662 TI - Fractionated reaction times and performance times as a function of practice. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of practice and its influence upon the onset of EMG firing for agonist and antagonist muscles associated with a 75 degree ballistic right forearm flexion task. In addition, the performance measures of reaction time and movement time were measured. Twelve females performed 2 bouts of 15 trials each on 3 practice days. Analysis of the data indicated that subjects improved their response performance as a function of reduced reaction time (in particular, biceps motor time values). Practice had no effect upon the onset of biceps, brachialis, or triceps EMG firing. The greatest intraindividual variability was found with the EMG latency associated with the antagonist muscle. Between individual variability was greatest with triceps latency and actual limb displacement (movement time). These results are discussed in terms of stored neuromotor memory programs and coordinated movement. PMID- 7270663 TI - Medial pterygoid muscle activity during the closing and compressive phases of human mastication. AB - The lack of specific data correlating activity in the human medial pterygoid muscle with displacement of the jaw during mastication, and the hint of possible differences in function between certain mammalian species, prompted a study of unilateral mastication in six adult subjects. Muscle activity in the medial pterygoid, masseter, and anterior temporal muscles was recorded simultaneously with three-dimensional movement of an incisor point on the mandible. Signals from muscles and displacement transducer were sampled by a disc-based computer system programmed to analyze data averaged over 30 chewing cycles on each side and in some instances over 30 open-close and clench cycles. Patterns of medial pterygoid activity were consistent for the group as a whole, demonstrating activation of both muscles early in the closing cycle with strong ipsilateral muscle activity before and throughout the intercuspal phase of the cycle, reappearing in some subjects just before the end of intercuspation. Medial pterygoid activity mirrored masseter and anterior temporal activity only during certain phases of the closing cycle, suggesting that these muscles should be considered as being selectively coactivated with, rather than synergists of, the major elevators of the jaw. The muscles were active during horizontal components of movement of the incisor teeth in chewing, but were inactive during the open-close and clench task despite vigorous contraction of the masseter muscles. Overall, the observations complement previous reports of medial pterygoid muscle activity in humans. They also confirm, for these muscles at least, a general similarity between man and the little brown bat, a relationship hitherto suspected but unsubstantiated. PMID- 7270664 TI - A quantitative comparison of the hominoid thalamus. IV. Posterior association nuclei-the pulvinar and lateral posterior nucleus. AB - Nuclear volumes, nerve cell densities, numbers of neurons, and volumes of nerve cell perikarya in the thalamic association complex, the pulvinar and lateral posterior nuclei (Pu-LP) were compared among two gibbons, one gorilla, one chimpanzee, and three humans. The human Pu has approximately twice as many neurons as do the great apes, whereas the human and gorilla LP have a similar number. The numbers of neurons in the human Pu and combined Pu-LP complex were predictable from the ape data. Nevertheless, a shift in perikaryal sizes from a unimodal to a bimodal population distinguished the human specimen. It is hypothesized that during human evolution Pu expanded in proportion to the rest of the brain, but that not all parts of Pu expanded equally. PMID- 7270665 TI - Deciduous tooth dimensions in fetal rhesus monkeys from mothers with induced diabetes. AB - Thirty-four measurements of the deciduous dentition in 21 fetal rhesus monkeys from diabetic mothers (FDM) and 36 nondiabetic fetuses were compared in order to assess the effects of induced maternal diabetes on the teeth of third-trimester fetuses. After exclusion of 14 variates due to significant age-related variation, univariate statistical analysis suggested a trend toward smaller teeth in the FDMs. Multivariate discriminant function analysis indicated not only a clear separation between the two groups, with molar breadths and some incisor length and breadths serving as the best discriminators, but also that the deciduous dental dimensions in FDMs are smaller than in nondiabetic fetuses. PMID- 7270666 TI - Volvulus of the colon. PMID- 7270667 TI - Intussusception protruding from the anus. A case report. PMID- 7270669 TI - Flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy. A study of 746 cases. PMID- 7270668 TI - The Bueno-Parrish method (BPM) for diagnosis of intestinal protozoa. PMID- 7270670 TI - Lesions mimicking malignant tumors of the large bowel. PMID- 7270672 TI - Lymphangioma of cecum. Case report with literature review. PMID- 7270671 TI - Some special features of colon carcinoma arising from ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7270673 TI - Retrograde jejunal intussusception following the use of a Cantor intestinal tube. PMID- 7270674 TI - Acute appendicitis in Nigerian Igbos--review of 182 cases. PMID- 7270675 TI - Colo-uterine fistula. An unusual case report and a literature review. PMID- 7270676 TI - Primary neuroma of the appendix causing acute appendicitis: case report. PMID- 7270678 TI - Lipoprotein lipase activities in adipose tissues and muscle in the obese Zucker rat. AB - Activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was determined in whole adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes, and in heart and skeletal muscle that contained predominantly red or white fiber types in lean and obese Zucker rats. In rats of both sexes at 9-11 and 26-30 wk of age, no differences were observed between lean and obese rats when LPL activity of the perirenal (PR), subcutaneous (SC), and mesenteric (M) adipose tissues was expressed per millimole of tissue triglyceride. Within each sex, data relating the LPL content of isolated adipocytes to cell size was a linear function in which data for lean and obese rats fell on the same regression line. Measurement of the distribution of adipose tissue LPL activity between adipocytes and other tissue constituents showed no differences between lean and obese rats, a finding that is inconsistent with the hypothesis that obesity results in part by an alteration in adipose tissue enzyme distribution. Activity of LPL in the myocardium and red fiber types in the younger group of both sexes showed significant decreases in obese animals. This was also true for white fibers of males but not females. No differences in heart or muscle LPL between lean and obese rats were observed in the older group of either sex. PMID- 7270677 TI - Proteolysis in the rat lung: hypoxia and evidence for an inhibitor of proteolysis. AB - We labeled proteins with [14C]phenylalanine in rats breathing air and assessed the rate of proteolysis in the isolated ventilated lung by measuring the accumulation of [14C]phenylalanine in the medium perfusing the lung. Ventilation with 0% O2 decreased the rate of proteolysis and the ATP content in the lung 60%. Medium from lungs ventilated with 0% O2, when used to perfuse lungs ventilated with 95% O2, decreased the rate of proteolysis 60% without lowering the ATP content of the lung. Correcting the pH of "used" medium or dialyzing used medium did not decrease its ability to inhibit proteolysis. Used medium from nonhypoxic lungs, or exogenous lactate (50 mM), diminished proteolysis only 20%. In a cell free system the degradation by cathepsin D of radioactive lung proteins and radioactive hemoglobin was decreased by used medium from hypoxic lungs. We conclude that the hypoxic perfused lung releases a factor(s) that decreases the rate of proteolysis in nonhypoxic lungs and that this factor may be a protease inhibitor. PMID- 7270679 TI - Brown adipose tissue of cafeteria-fed rats. AB - Feeding a "cafeteria" diet for 2 wk to male Holtzman rats resulted in a weight gain that was, on average, only slightly more than that of control rats fed a regular chow diet. Wet weight, DNA, and total protein content of interscapular brown adipose tissue were more than doubled in the cafeteria-fed rats and proliferation of mitochondria paralleled tissue growth. After 2 wk of recovery from cafeteria feeding, the expanded size of the tissue had completely regressed to a normal level. Brown adipose tissue mitochondria of cafeteria-fed rats bound 3 times more purine nucleotides than mitochondria of chow-fed control rats, but no change in the proportion of polypeptides with molecular weight in the region of 32,000 could be detected. The changes in brown adipose tissue and its mitochondria in cafeteria-fed rats correspond to those seen previously in noradrenaline-treated rats, i.e., tissue growth accompanied by mitochondrial proliferation and an unmasking of proton conductance pathways. The increase in 32,000-mol-wt polypeptides seen in brown adipose tissue mitochondria of cold acclimated rats does not occur in the cafeteria-fed rats. Control mechanisms are presumed to differ, either quantitatively or qualitatively, in the two situations, cold exposure and overeating, which both cause growth of brown adipose tissue. PMID- 7270680 TI - Metabolism of tritium- and 14C-labeled alanine in rats. AB - [3-3H]- and [U-14C]alanine were administered to starved rats by bolus injection and by continuous infusion. The specific activities of alanine, glucose, and lactate in blood were followed. The tracer kinetics of alanine depended on the site of tracer administration and sampling. Tracer was either administered into the aorta and blood sampled from the vena cava (A-VC mode) or tracer was administered into the vena cava and arterial blood sampled (V-A mode) (Katz, J. F. Okajima, and A. Dunn. Biochem J. 194: 513-524, 1981). When tracer was infused in the A-VC mode the plateau specific activity of alanine was about half that obtained in the V-A mode. The parameters of alanine turnover were calculated from the specific activities obtained in the A-VC mode. The calculated apparent replacement rate averaged 1.9 mg.min-1.kg-1 for [U-14C]- and 3.9 mg.min-1.kg-1 for [3-3H]alanine, indicating a carbon recycling of about 50%. The apparent contribution of alanine carbon to that of glucose is 15%. The maximal activity in plasma water is attained at about 5 min after bolus injection of [3-3H]alanine and that of [14C]glucose in blood is attained about 10 min after the injection of [U-14C]alanine. Maximal specific activity of [3H]- and [14C]lactate is attained within about 1 min after injection. The apparent mean transit time and alanine mass were calculated from the areas of washout curves after the continuous infusion was terminated. The mean transit time for [3H]alanine was 10 min and apparent total body mass of alanine of the order of 40 mg/kg. The apparent means transit time for [U-14C]alanine ranged from 33 to 66 min corresponding to a mass of the order of 100 mg/kg of alanine or 40 mg/kg of alanine carbon. PMID- 7270681 TI - Effects of phosphate-induced hyperparathyroidism and parathyroidectomy on rat kidney calcium in vivo. AB - The effects of a high-phosphate diet on the calcium metabolism of kidney cells were studied in intact and parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats. The control and the PTX rats were pair-fed a normal diet with a Ca/P of 2:1 or a high-phosphate diet with a Ca/P of 1:8 for 6 wk (chronic experiments) or 1, 3, and 6 days (acute experiments). Renal cell calcium metabolism was studied by chemical and kinetic analyses in kidney slices incubated in vitro. In the control rats the high phosphate diet significantly increased kidney and mitochondrial calcium, the cytosolic and mitochondrial exchangeable calcium pools, and all calcium fluxes. In these controls, the plasma phosphate was not significantly elevated, but the parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels tended to be high. In PTX rats fed the same high phosphate diet, the plasma phosphate was significantly elevated, but no change in renal calcium metabolism occurred. These results suggest that nephrocalcinosis was caused by elevated PTH levels and not by the elevated plasma phosphate and that the first step in the development of nephrocalcinosis is a stimulation of cellular calcium metabolism and transport. PMID- 7270682 TI - Uterine blood flow and timing of blastocyst implantation in the guinea pig. AB - The temporal and direct relationships between serum estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) levels and uterine blood flow (UBF) and intrauterine oxygen tension (IU PO2) were examined in guinea pigs between days 1 and 8 of pregnancy. Both UBF and IU PO2 were measured in situ using a noninvasive electromagnetic blood flow monitor and needle oxygen electrode, respectively. Serum P levels remained relatively constant throughout the first 8 days of pregnancy. In contrast, serum E levels declined to basal levels between days 1 and 3, and then subsequently rose between days 4 and 7 before again falling to basal levels by day 8. The changes in UBF and IU PO2 paralleled those of serum E levels, both exhibiting a rise between days 5 and 6. The direct effect of oil, E, or P injections on UBF and IU PO2 measurements in ovariectomized animals indicated that E induced a dramatic rise in both uterine parameters, whereas both measurements remained at basal levels after oil or P treatment. The results of this study indicate that UBF and IU PO2 levels are directly regulated by the cyclic fluctuations in serum E. The temporal relationship between the days 4 to 7 rise in serum E, UBF, and IU PO2 levels and the timing of blastocyst implantation suggest that these events are involved in uterine preparation for nidation in the guinea pig. PMID- 7270685 TI - Effect of erythrocytes and globulin on renal functions of the isolated rat kidney. AB - We assessed the effects in isolated perfused rat kidneys of adding globulin or erythrocytes to Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate perfusate with albumin as its principal source of colloid osmotic pressure during 3 h of perfusion. Colloid osmotic pressure varied between 11 and 58 mmHg. Bovine or human immunoglobulin substituted in part for albumin produced vasodilation, whereas rat erythrocytes added to albumin at a 5% hematocrit caused vasoconstriction. Inclusion of both globulin and erythrocytes in the perfusate was associated with an intermediate response. Kidneys perfused with albumin alone showed progressive decline in GFR, increasing vascular resistance, and increasing proteinuria correlating with kidney weight gain during perfusion. Onset of GFR and resistance changes were delayed and their magnitude decreased by increasing oncotic pressure. Estimated glomerular filtrate protein concentration of albumin-perfused kidneys progressively increased from 20 to 150 mg/dl. The presence of erythrocytes or globulin in the perfusate prevented the increase in vascular resistance and reduced the degree of decrease in GFR seen with albumin alone in the perfusate and reduced the time-dependent increase in proteinuria by 80%. The effects of globulin and erythrocytes on proteinuria were additive. The prevention of changes in hemodynamics, glomerular filtration, macromolecular clearance, subcapsular fluid accumulation, and organ weight gain for up to 5 h of perfusion by adding erythrocytes and globulins to the albumin perfusate suggest that these agents may be necessary for preventing interstitial edema and for maintaining renal function in vitro. PMID- 7270683 TI - Functional characteristics of the renal interstitium. AB - The renal interstitial space analyzed as "inulin space" comprises about 13% in the rat. The Starling forces of this compartment are governed by the balance between tubular and capillary fluid transport and also by the leakage of plasma proteins from the blood side. Protein transport will occur in a large-pore system in the peritubular capillary membrane. During control antidiuresis, the interstitial hydrostatic pressure is 2-4 mmHg. The colloid osmotic pressure shows a larger variability but is generally about 5 mmHg. During conditions of depressed capillary reabsorption but unchanged tubular reabsorption, as in saline expansion, the interstitial hydrostatic pressure rises 3-4 times, whereas the colloid osmotic pressure will show a steep fall resulting from the increased fluid entry and unchanged protein transport. The interstitial volume increases only slightly, since it is compressed by the expanding tubules. The influence of interstitial physical forces on tubular transport remains unclear, mainly due to the inaccessibility of the lateral interspaces to direct measurement of relevant parameters. PMID- 7270684 TI - Renal ammoniagenic factor in the plasma of rats with acute metabolic acidosis. AB - The acute metabolic responses to metabolic acidosis in the rat include an increase in ammoniagenesis and gluconeogenesis before enzyme adaptations have taken place. In the present studies rats were made acidotic with NH4Cl or HCl. Preincubation of renal cortical slices from normal rats in plasma from acidotic rats produced an increase in ammoniagenic capacity. However, when slices were incubated directly in diluted plasma from acidotic rats, there was also an increase in ammoniagenesis and gluconeogenesis from glutamine. The ammoniagenic factor was detectable within 0.5 h of induction of acidosis, was not detectable in chronic acidosis, was not of adrenal origin, was not a protein, was dialyzable, and acted by an alpha-adrenergic-like mechanism in that its action was blocked by phentolamine but not by propranolol. Phentolamine injected into rats depressed the ammoniagenic response to acidosis. The plasma factor did not show its ammoniagenic effect in a low-sodium buffer and there was no absolute requirement for calcium. The acute response to acidosis is thus mediated by a humoral substance with the above characteristics. PMID- 7270687 TI - Determinants of the glomerular filtration of proteins. AB - We showed previously that a theoretical model treating the glomerular capillary wall as a membrane with uniformly distributed fixed negative charges can account for the observed filtration rates of charged derivatives of dextran in the rat. Using measurements of electrophoretic mobility to estimate effective molecular charge, a necessary input parameter, we present evidence that this model is also consistent with reported filtration rates of several proteins in the rat. Apparent fixed-charge concentrations calculated for serum albumin and three forms of horseradish peroxidase are in the range of 100-130 meq/liter, comparable to the 120-170 meq/liter obtained for charged dextrans. Theoretical effects of hemodynamic changes on filtration of charged macromolecules are considered. With increases in glomerular plasma flow rate (QA) or transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference (delta P), the filtrate-to-plasma concentration ratio (theta) is generally predicted to decrease for neutral or anionic macromolecules but to increase for cationic substances. The more highly charged the macromolecule (cationic or anionic), the more sensitive theta is to such hemodynamic perturbations. For serum albumin, absolute filtration rates are predicted to increase as much as twofold for moderate decreases in QA combined with increases in delta P. Alterations in protein molecular charge offer an attractive explanation for changes in protein filtration during acidosis or alkalosis. PMID- 7270686 TI - Sympathetic system in potassium homeostasis. AB - The extrarenal disposal of potassium was studied in nephrectomized and adrenalectomized rats by measuring the rise in serum potassium produced during an infusion of 3 meq KCl/kg over 90 min. Adrenalectomy alone did not alter the volume of distribution of infused potassium in nephrectomized animals. When nephrectomy and adrenalectomy were combined with either insulin deficiency produced by streptozotocin or chemical sympathectomy induced by injection of 6 hydroxydopamine, potassium tolerance was significantly impaired. Hyperkalemia produced in chemically sympathectomized animals by potassium infusion was minimized by simultaneous infusion of epinephrine, an effect blocked by the beta antagonist propranolol but not by the alpha-blocker phenoxybenzamine. These results suggest that extra renal uptake of potassium, in addition to being influenced by insulin and circulating catecholamines, is modulated by peripheral sympathetic activity. PMID- 7270688 TI - Filtration pressure equilibrium: a statistical analysis. AB - Statistical analysis of data in published micropuncture studies was applied to determine: a) the number of rats and samples of glomerular capillary pressure (Pg), end-capillary oncotic pressure (COPE), and proximal tubule pressure (Pt), needed in a single study to state with 95% confidence that a measured mean net efferent effective filtration pressure (delta P*E) is within +/- mmHg of any true value, delta PE; b) the effect of intra-animal variation in Pg, COPE, and Pt values on the number of experiments needed; and c) the probability of obtaining a value for delta P*E that meets this criterion in multiple trials. Assuming no intra-animal variation in Pg, Pt, and COPE values and employing published interanimal variances, at least 42 rats should be studied in any series to show that -1 mmHg less than or equal to (delta P*E -- delta PE) less than or equal to 1 mmHg within 95% confidence limits. If intra-animal variances are 60% of the interanimal variances, 67 rats are needed to obtain that degree of confidence when a single measurement of Pt, Pg, and COPE is made in each rat, and 47 animals are required with five measurements per rat. A value for delta P*E within 2-3 mmHg of its true value is, however, attainable with confidence using a far smaller number of animals per series. PMID- 7270689 TI - Effect of histamine on motor function of opossum sphincter of Oddi. AB - In this study, we evaluated the effect of histamine on phasic contractile activity in the opossum sphincter of Oddi (SO). SO manometry was done in 35 animals, using an infused catheter system with minimal compliance. In anesthetized animals, phasic SO contractions occurred at a frequency of 7.3 +/- 0.3 (SE) contractions/min with an amplitude of 83 +/- 4 mmHg. Intravenous histamine (5-80 micrograms/kg) invariably inhibited the frequency and amplitude of SO phasic contractions. At larger doses, the SO contractions were abolished for several minutes. The SO inhibitory effect of histamine was duplicated by the selective H1-agonist, 2-pyridylethylamine, and abolished by H1-blockade with pyrilamine or neural blockade with tetrodotoxin. After tetrodotoxin, histamine and 2-pyridylethylamine caused an increased frequency and amplitude of SO contractions. This excitatory effect was blocked by pyrilamine. The histamine effects on SO phasic contractions were not altered by metiamide, atropine, phentolamine, propranolol, hexamethonium, or a large dose of nicotine. We conclude that 1) histamine depresses phasic SO contractions in the opossum; 2) histamine's depressant SO effect is mediated by H1 stimulation of noncholinergic, nonadrenergic SO inhibitory nerves, overriding an H1 stimulatory effect on SO smooth muscle; and 3) histamine has no H2-mediated effect on the opossum SO. PMID- 7270690 TI - Human esophageal response to rapid swallowing: muscle refractory period or neural inhibition? AB - The peristaltic response of the normal human esophagus to 10 repeated water swallows separated by varying time intervals (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 s) between swallows was studied. Pressures measured during the shorter time intervals were of lower amplitude than those at 30-s swallowing intervals throughout the esophagus, with the distal esophagus showing the greatest effect. Frequency of peristalsis was decreased throughout the esophagus with rapid swallowing, especially distally at the 5- and 10-s time intervals. There was no significant change in wave velocity or duration at these time intervals. These data suggest that there is a refractory period in the distal (smooth muscle) esophagus. A series of paired swallows separated by 5 s resulted in a significant decrease in amplitude of the first swallow, and this was more marked in the distal esophagus. These data indicate that there is an inhibition of the progression of peristalsis by a subsequent swallow, probably through a neural mechanism. These studies show that repeated liquid swallows may effect peristalsis by two mechanisms: refractoriness of esophageal smooth muscle and a neural inhibitory discharge. PMID- 7270691 TI - Autoregulation of gastric blood flow and oxygen uptake. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ability of the stomach to autoregulate blood flow and oxygen uptake is altered by sympathetic denervation. Blood flow, oxygen extraction, local arterial pressure, and venous pressure were continuously monitored in sympathetically innervated and denervated autoperfused dog stomach preparations. As perfusion pressure was reduced in increments from 120 to 20 mmHg in innervated preparations, blood flow and oxygen uptake decreased while oxygen extraction and vascular resistance increased. Reductions in perfusion pressure in denervated preparations resulted in a decrease in blood flow, oxygen uptake, and vascular resistance, whereas oxygen extraction increased. The ability of the stomach to regulate blood flow and oxygen uptake was significantly improved after denervation, i.e., vascular resistance decreased and oxygen uptake remained relatively constant when arterial pressure was reduced. Oxygen uptake in denervated stomachs was generally higher than that in innervated stomachs. Autoregulation of gastric blood flow therefore appears to be improved by denervation. The better autoregulation observed after denervation may result either from a reduction in sympathetic tone and/or the increase in gastric oxygen demand. PMID- 7270692 TI - Transmembrane and transepithelial movement of calcium during stimulus-secretion coupling. AB - Electrophysiological studies were undertaken to determine the transmembrane and transepithelial changes in free Ca2+ concentration that occur during serotonin induced secretion in the salivary glands of the blowfly, Phormia regina. Ca selective and conventional microelectrodes were used to measure intracellular and luminal Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca]L), serosal membrane and transepithelial potentials (Em, Etr), and their changes during serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT)-induced salivary secretion. The effect of stimulus concentration on these parameters and enzyme release was also determined. Previous studies provided evidence that serosal stimulation with 10(-8) M 5HT caused a hyperpolarization of Em and short phasic two- to threefold increases in [Ca]i. In these studies, higher concentrations of 5HT (10(-7) M) resulted in depolarization of Em by 13 +/ 1.2 mV and of ECa by 64 +/- 2.1 mV, a dramatic increase in [Ca]i, and a decrease in enzyme release. In addition, serotonin (10(-8) M) reduced the normal spontaneous Etr (+19.6 +/- 1 mV) to near zero while causing an increase in [Ca]L from 1.3 +/- 0.3 X 10(-5) mM to 2.0 +/- 0.1 X 10(-3) mM, a concentration isomolar with that of the bathing medium. These results provide direct electrochemical evidence that, during stimulus-secretion coupling of the salivary epithelial cells, the neurohormone serotonin controls the secretory response by the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ and induces transepithelial transport of Ca2+, thereby suggesting that, during secretion, the neurohormone causes the salivary gland to behave as a "leaky epithelium" by activating the paracellular shunt pathways. PMID- 7270693 TI - Duodenogastric reflux in the fasting dog: role of pylorus and duodenal motility. AB - A two-marker technique was used to determine duodenogastric reflux in fasting dogs with normal or surgically modified gastroduodenal junctions. All nine dogs had an esophagostomy for gastric marker perfusion. The duodenal marker was given via a duodenal fistula. In two dogs a Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty was performed, and in four dogs extramucosal circular pylorectomy was performed in addition. The mean fasting duodenogastric reflux rate in dogs with a normal pylorus was 1.1 +/- 0.5 (SE) ml/10 min; after pyloroplasty it was 1.6 +/- 0.3 ml/10 min (P greater than 0.1), and after pylorectomy it was 1.5 +/- 0.4 ml/10 min (P greater than 0.1). Simultaneous intraduodenal manometry revealed no relation between the interdigestive myoelectric complex and reflux. The marker technique for the measurement of reflux was validated by pharmacologically induced reflux. Subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg of apomorphine increased the reflux rate tenfold. A transpyloric tube increased reflux rate fivefold. It is concluded that, in the fasting dog, phenomena such as retropulsive peristalsis are determinants of duodenogastric reflux and not the presence or absence of the pylorus and normal interdigestive motility. PMID- 7270694 TI - Blood-brain transport of tryptophan and phenylalanine: effect of portacaval shunt in dogs. AB - The blood-brain uptake process for tryptophan and phenylalanine was investigated using the multiple-indicator dilution technique in 13 unanesthetized dogs with and without portacaval shunts. Tracer doses of labeled albumin (extracellular reference) and tryptophan or phenylalanine, prepared in autologous dog plasma, were injected into one carotid artery, and dorsal sagittal sinus dilution curves were obtained. Portacaval shunting was not associated with significant changes in the initial brain uptake ratio U for tryptophan or phenylalanine, despite increases in plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine. In the 13 dogs, U was not significantly correlated with the plasma levels of either the different branched chain or aromatic amino acids or the molar ratio between these groups. These findings do not support the current hypothesis that the active transport of aromatic amino acids across the blood-brain barrier is increased after portacaval shunt. Our data suggest, instead, that the blood-brain uptake process for aromatic amino acids is linear and increases in shunted animals because their plasma levels are increased. PMID- 7270696 TI - Pancreatic calcification: formation constants of CaHCO3+ and CaC03(0) complexes determined with Ca2+ electrode. AB - Pancreatic calcification is a frequent complication of chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic stones (95% CaCO3 as calcite) are observed in both humans and cattle, but little is known about the complex equilibriums governing calcium solubility. Using the Ca2+ electrode and equilibrium dialysis of NaHCO3-CaCl2-NaCl solutions (24 +/- 2 degrees C; total ionic strength = 0.153-0.161), studies were made at variable pH and total calcium and carbonate concentrations to determine the formation constants of the three possible calcium complexes: CaHCO3+, CaC03(0), and Ca(HCO3)20. If the first two complexes were present, a plot of ([Ca]/[Ca2+] 1)/[HCO3-] against the ionic ratio [C03(2)-]/[HCO3-] should be linear with intercept of the CaHCO3+ formation constant (K'aB) and slope of the CaC03(0) formation constant (K'aC). This was found to be the case in both dialysands and dialysates, using two different methods ("pH" and "K'sp") for estimation of [CO32 ] values. Two other methods of data analysis were also used: simultaneous equations and multiple linear regression by matrix analysis. For all three methods, mean K'aB = 12.48 and mean K'aC = 1,870. There was no evidence for a Ca(HCO3)2(0) complex. We conclude that CaHCO3+ and CaC03(0) complexes may account for a substantial fraction of total soluble calcium is pancreatic juice. These studies provide a necessary step toward the construction of a quantitative physicochemical model of pancreatic calcium solubility. PMID- 7270698 TI - Intestinal transport of bile acids. AB - The intestinal absorption of bile acids is determined by two resistances: diffusion through an unstirred water layer and penetration of the cell membrane. Passive jejunal uptake of polar bile acids is limited by the mucosal membrane, whereas the unstirred layer exerts resistance on uptake of more nonpolar species. After correction for the diffusion layer, the membrane permeability coefficients were derived to calculate the delta delta Fw leads to 1 associated with uptake of the -OH (+874 cal.mol-1), glycine (+897), and taurine (+1,498) groups. The delta delta F1 (-6,126 cal.mol-1) for the -OH group suggested that the jejunal mucosa is a relatively polar membrane. The unstirred layer is even more rate limiting for bile acid uptake from micellar solutions. Once the micelle reaches the aqueous-membrane interface, it is not absorbed intact, but rather uptake is explained in terms of monomers in the aqueous phase that are in equilibrium with the micelle. The presence of the unstirred water layer introduces artifactually high Km values for active transport. Structure-activity studies suggest that the ileal recognition site consists of a component for the steroid moiety, a positive charge, and an adjacent anionic charge. The energy for active transport arises from the Na+ gradient across the brush-border membrane that, in turn, is dependent on the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase. The Na+ stimulation of bile acid transport across the ileal brush-border membrane is due to influx coupling via a cotransport system rather than electrical coupling to satisfy overall electrical neutrality. PMID- 7270697 TI - Does endogenous prostaglandin affect gastric antral motility? AB - Intracellular electrical activity and muscle contraction were recorded simultaneously from circular muscle of the canine antrum. Treatment with indomethacin enhanced the plateau phase of the spontaneously occurring gastric action potential and the amplitude of the phasic contraction. Exogenous PGE2 reversed this effect of indomethacin. Treatment with indomethacin also enhanced the electrical and mechanical responses to pentagastrin; this enhancement was also reversed by PGE2. Considered together, these results suggest that endogenous prostaglandin, probably of the E series, tonically suppresses the spontaneous electrical and mechanical activities of antral circular muscle and the responsiveness of the muscle to excitatory stimuli. PMID- 7270695 TI - Effect of ethanol on amino acid absorption across in vivo rat intestine. AB - The acute effect of ethanol on amino acid absorption across the in vivo rat intestine was studied using single-pass continuous perfusion and recirculation techniques. The single-pass steady-state perfusion was used to examine the effect on the entire small intestine and recirculation perfusion to examine the effect on short intestinal segments and to limit ethanol absorption. Unlike the in vitro findings of other investigators, ethanol does not cause inhibition of net amino acid absorption in vivo unless the alcohol is perfused in 2 M or higher concentrations. The inhibition that is observed at these concentrations is very likely due to severe injury and shedding of intestinal cells as evidenced by an increased recovery of DNA in the perfusates. The findings suggest that acute ethanol administration, in concentrations that are comparable to those found in the upper intestines of humans after the ingestion of moderate doses of alcohol, does not have a prominent effect on amino acid absorption across the in situ rat intestine. Under these conditions, the ethanol inhibition of active absorption is masked by enhanced diffusion of the amino acids across the intestine. PMID- 7270699 TI - Variation in canine exocrine pancreatic secretory activity during the interdigestive state. AB - Interdigestive changes in pancreatic volume flow, gastric motor activity, and intraduodenal pH were monitored automatically in eight dogs. As a result, two different periods of pancreatic secretion were found to occur alternately during the interdigestive state: one a secretory period (2.2 +/- 0.32 ml/10 min with high protein and low bicarbonate concentration) and the other a nonsecretory period. The secretory period corresponded to the interdigestive phase II and III contraction period in the stomach, and the nonsecretory period coincided with the motor quiescent period in the stomach. However, another secretory period was identified during the interdigestive state; it occurred when the intraduodenal pH went below 7.0, and no typical interdigestive contractions were observed in the stomach. The secretory rate was 3.7 +/- 0.33 ml/10 min and was low in protein and high in bicarbonate concentration. The present study demonstrates that basal pancreatic secretory activity is never uniform but fluctuates with motor events in the stomach. However, its control mechanism remains unknown at present. PMID- 7270700 TI - Sources of activator calcium in rabbit basilar artery. AB - The responses of segments of rabbit basilar and ear arteries to high K+ (K+, 45 mM), norepinephrine (NE, 10(-5) and 10(-7) M), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 10( 7) M) were tested before and after their incubation in calcium (Ca2+)-free Krebs solution for times varying from 2.5 to 60 min. The time course of evolution of the responses to K+ with Ca2+-free conditions in both vessels could be represented by a monoexponential curve. The rates of decline of the responses of amines in the ear artery were similar to K+ at first but then fell off at a slower rate. The decline in K+ contraction and the fast initial decline of the NE contraction may relate to the speed of removal of extracellular calcium, whereas the final slower NE decline reflects depletion of an intracellular pool. In the basilar artery, the NE and K+ response declined in a similar manner, whereas the 5-HT contraction showed a fast and a slow component of decline. These results for the maintained agonist response were confirmed using the Ca2+ influx antagonist, 3-methoxyverapamil (D 600). In addition, a D 600-insensitive phasic contraction was observed in both arteries. These results suggest that the steady-state NE contraction in the basilar artery is almost entirely dependent on loosely bound extracellular Ca2+. This is in contrast to the ear artery, where an additional tightly bound or intracellular Ca2+ pool is used. This source is present in the basilar artery but contributes only to a D 600-insensitive phasic component. PMID- 7270701 TI - Involvement of adenosine in cerebral hypoxic hyperemia in the dog. AB - Theophylline, a competitive adenosine antagonist, was used to evaluate the role of adenosine in cerebral hypoxic hyperemia. Cerebral venous outflow was measured by the Rapela-Green technique in mongrel dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and ventilated artificially. Theophylline was infused locally into the cerebral arterial system during moderate [cerebral venous O2 tension (PO2) 27-29 mmHg] or severe (cerebral venous PO2 = 10-15 mmHg) hypoxia; theophylline had no direct vascular effects at the concentration used. Cerebral hyperemia was completely reversed during moderate hypoxia, but only partially reversed during severe hypoxia when theophylline was infused during maintained hypoxia. Theophylline had no effect on cerebral; perfusion pressure, blood flow, or vascular resistance during normoxia. In another group, theophylline had no effect on the cerebral hyperemia induced by hypercapnia. In separate experiments, local cerebral arterial infusion of adenosine or AMP during normoxia had no effect on cerebral hemodynamics at any infusion rate tested (up to 100 micrograms/min). This study supports the hypothesis that adenosine is involved in the hyperemia associated with cerebral hypoxia. However, the degree of involvement may be dependent on the degree of hypoxia. PMID- 7270702 TI - Effect of tetraethylammonium chloride on action potential in cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - Intracellular loading with 20 mM tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) diffusing through the cut end of the preparations prolonged action potential duration (APD) in dog Purkinje fibers without changing maximum diastolic potential, overshoot, and dV/dtmax. The APD was prolonged at all rates of stimulation, but, contrary to the normal rules, APD increased more after longer than after shorter interstimulus intervals. TEA increased the number of beats required to achieve the new steady-state APD after an abrupt change in the rate of stimulation. The effect of varying extracellular potassium concentration on maximal diastolic potential suggested that intracellular loading with TEA had no effect on the time independent "background" outward current (IK1). If we ascribe all observed TEA effects to the reduction of time dependent slow outward current Ix1, we can propose a hypothesis concerning the role of Ix1 in the regulation of APD at slow heart rates. PMID- 7270703 TI - Carotid sinus reflex vasoconstriction in right coronary circulation of dog and pig. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the sympathetic nervous system on right ventricular and right coronary hemodynamics in the anesthetized vagotomized dog and pig during constant-pressure coronary perfusion. Carotid occlusion in the dog resulted in an increase in heart rate, aortic pressure, right ventricular dP/dt, and a sustained 13% decrease in right coronary artery blood flow and a 14% increase in coronary vascular resistance. This coronary vasoconstriction was not modified during beta-blockade with propranolol but was prevented by alpha- blockade with phentolamine. Similar hemodynamic data was obtained in the pig and, in addition, it was found that the O2 consumption of the right ventricle is low (4.8 +/- 0.4 ml O2.min-1.100 g-1) and is only slightly increased (5.l5 +/- 0.8 ml.min-1.100 g-1) during carotid occlusion. These data suggest that baroreflex-mediated sympathetic stimulation to the heart evokes only a minor increase in metabolic activity in the right ventricular myocardium so that the direct neural (alpha-vasoconstrictor) effect predominates over the metabolic vasodilator mechanism. PMID- 7270704 TI - Perturbation measurements of papillary muscle elasticity. AB - Small step-length perturbations (less than 0.5% Lmax) have been applied to rabbit papillary muscle for the purpose of measuring muscle stiffness at rest and during isometric twitch-force development. These stiffness-force measurements were fitted to four mechanical analogs to evaluate whether any of the models adequately predict the mechanical properties of papillary muscle. Stiffness-force relations have been measured at varied initial muscle lengths so that a broad range of applicability of an analog could be evaluated. This study shows that none of the four experimentally definable analogs predicts the stiffness-force responses of the muscle over a physiological range of initial muscle lengths. A two-segment nonhomogeneous analog has the same stiffness-force characteristics as a six-parameter lumped model but cannot be differentiated from the lumped model without a measurement of segmental variations. It is concluded that the passive elastic elements of papillary muscle cannot be controlled only by the manipulation of total muscle length so as to deduce cross-bridge mechanical properties from whole-muscle measurements. PMID- 7270705 TI - Filling of microcirculation in skeletal muscles during timed India ink perfusion. AB - Lower leg muscles of anesthetized rabbits were perfused in situ with heparinized India ink at flows and pressures comparable to normal resting levels of 4 ml.min 1.100 g-1). Paired cross sections were counterstained with eosin to show ink containing microvessels and reacted for alkaline phosphate to show all vessels. The fraction of microvessels filled with ink (Fi) increased progressively with perfusion time. At 3.5 s, mean Fi for the muscles studied fell between 0.12 and 0.19. At 60-90 s, the following levels were reached: medial gastrocnemius 0.74, lateral gastrocnemius 0.76, tibialis anterior 0.59, and soleus 0.80. The number of open capillaries and their distribution of flow velocities can be inferred from such data only if the perfusion rate is known or by recourse to a specified anatomic model. The time course of ink appearance shows best agreement with 60 80% of the vessels open and accessible to ink, with microvascular transit times ranging from less than 3 to greater than 30 s. If microvascular path lengths are assumed to be uniform, the range of velocities must be four times to one-fourth the mean, with 15-30% of the microvessels perfused at velocities equal to or greater than the mean. Alternatively, if microvascular velocity is assumed uniform, flow path lengths must vary from one-fourth to four times the average. Anatomic measurements of other suggest that less than one-half the variability in ink transit is attributable to differences in microvascular length. Thus both length and velocity must vary among alternate arteriovenous pathways. PMID- 7270707 TI - Early ischemia after complete coronary ligation in the rabbit, dog, pig, and monkey. AB - The character and extent of the myocardial ischemic "borderzone" was assessed in the rabbit, dog, pig, and monkey. A fluorophotographic technique permitting high resolution (+/- 50 micrometers) display of myocardial ischemia has been developed. Reduced intracellular NADH (ischemia) fluoresces and may be photographed while oxidized NAD (perfused tissue) does not. A coronary artery was ligated for 5 min in open-chest rabbits, dogs, pigs, and monkeys. A fluorescent dye was injected into the left atrium as a coronary vascular marker, and the tissue was quick-frozen. The ischemic margin was well seen and was jagged in all species. The distance from anoxic to perfused tissue (borderzone) was less than 50 micrometers in all species. A narrow "oxygen-diffusion zone" of nonperfused non-anoxic tissue is visible in isolated heart perfused with blood-free solution. The width of this zone is inversely related to myocardial oxygen consumption and is less than 50 micrometers in a working blood-perfused heart. We have not yet correlated the oxygen diffusion zone with the clinically defined salvageable borderzone. In dogs, collateral vessels provide a heterogeneous border to the ischemic region so that the canine ischemic pattern differs from that of pigs, rabbits, and monkeys. PMID- 7270706 TI - Small vessel and total coronary blood volume during intracoronary adenosine. AB - The effect of a maximally dilating dose of intracoronary adenosine on total (CBV) and small-vessel blood volume (MSVBV, an index of open-capillary density), hematocrit (MSVHct), and related parameters of O2 supply-demand ratio was examined in left ventricular myocardium of anesthetized open-chest dogs. CBV was measured from washout of 51Cr-labeled red blood cells (RBC) and MSVBV and MSVHct from contents of 51Cr-RBC and plasma label, either 131I-serum albumin or 59Fe siderophilin, in samples of myocardium and blood. Coronary blood flow (CBF) was measured by electromagnetic flowmeter. Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) was computed with the Fick equation. Myocardial oxygen tension (MPO2) was measured with bare-tipped platinum electrodes. Adenosine raised CBV 75%, CBF, 574%, and MPO2 122%, but did not affect significantly MSVBV, MSVHct, or MVO2. These results indicate that infusion of adenosine into a coronary artery perfused at constant pressure causes relaxation of smooth muscle of arteriolar resistance vessels and of other vessels larger than 100 micrometers diam, but not that of the precapillary sphincters. This may be explained by the opposing action of increased MPO2 on the sphincters when flow increases. MSVHct was consistently much less than large-vessel Hct. This warrants combined use of red blood cell and plasma labels for accurate measurements of MSVBV. PMID- 7270708 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of lead on vascular reactivity in rats. AB - The effects of lead on vascular responsiveness were examined in rats. Adult rats, which had received levels of lead acetate in their drinking water to produce blood levels similar to those seen in some urban human populations, consistently had higher systolic blood pressures compared to age-matched controls. Helical strips of tail arteries from the lead-treated rats displayed a greater force generating ability in response to the cumulative addition of methoxamine to the muscle bath. There were no differences in ED50 between the two groups. Similar results were obtained when norepinephrine was used. The calcium-entry blocker, D 600, was less effective in reducing in reducing contractions induced by methoxamine in lead-treated rats than in controls. There were no differences between the two groups in responses to KCl or electrical stimulation of nerve endings. Contractile responses to norepinephrine, methoxamine, KCl, and nerve stimulation in arteries from untreated rats were unaltered by addition of lead acetate to the muscle bath. These results demonstrate that hypertension induced by moderate levels of lead intake is associated with an increased vascular responsiveness to alpha-adrenergic agonists. PMID- 7270709 TI - Steady-state effects of extracellular potassium concentration on vascular smooth muscle reactivity. AB - Helical strips cut from small arteries taken from rabbit skeletal muscle were used to determine the steady-state effects of extracellular potassium concentration ([K]o) on the reactivity to epinephrine or norepinephrine. It was found that reactivity observed under the usual steady-state conditions (termed "usual reactivity") was depressed as steady-state [K]o was reduced from 8 to 1 mM. This depression reflected concurrent changes in two components of contraction: 1) a positive component (evaluated as reactivity during brief exposure to 10(-6) M ouabain) decreased when steady-state [K]o was reduced below approximately 5 mM, and 2) a negative component (evaluated indirectly as enhancement of reactivity produced by 10(-6) M ouabain) increased to a peak when steady-state [K]o was reduced from 8 to approximately 4-5 mM and decreased below this peak when steady-state [K]o was reduced below approximately 4-5 mM. It was also found that the magnitude of a reserve ouabain-sensitive negative component (demonstrated by abruptly increasing [K]o to 10.18 mM) increased from a minimum to a maximum level when steady-state [K]o was reduced from 6 to 3 mM. It is suggested that the effects of [K]o on the positive component of contraction, defined earlier as contractility, primarily involve some factor(s) other than transmembrane potential, whereas the effects on the negative component involve transmembrane potential exclusively and, in particular, the electrogenic potential. The latter suggestion constitutes the basis for use of the term electrogenesis in reference to this negative component. PMID- 7270710 TI - Unaltered membrane properties of arterial muscle in Dahl strain genetic hypertension. AB - To characterize membrane properties of arterial muscle from Dahl strain hypertensive rats, we measured caudal artery contractile sensitivity to norepinephrine and serotonin, membrane potential at 16 and 37 degrees C, and intracellular potassium, sodium, and chloride content. Dahl salt-resistant (R) strain fed low- or high-salt diets and Dahl salt-sensitive (S) strain fed a low salt diet remained normotensive. The Dahl S strain on high-salt diets became hypertensive after 4 wk of high salt feeding. There was no significant difference in the norepinephrine or serotonin effective concentration (EC) EC50, EC10, or maximum response between the hypertensive and any of the three normotensive groups. Membrane potential measured at 37 and 16 degrees C and electron-probe analysis of intracellular potassium, sodium, and chloride concentration showed no significant differences between the four groups of animals. These results that arterial muscle membrane mechanisms are not altered in genetically hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats. PMID- 7270711 TI - Continuous measurement of cerebral blood flow in anesthetized cats and dogs. AB - We have developed a method for virtually continuous measurement of changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in cats and dogs. CBF was computed by multiplying cross sectional area (CSA) and mean blood velocity in a pial artery. CSA was determined by measuring pial artery diameter with an electronic micrometer every 2-4 s through a cranial window. Velocity was measured continuously with a pulsed Doppler crystal positioned under a pial artery. CBF was determined in 12 anesthetized cats during 1) control, 2) hypocapnia, 3) hypercapnia, and 4) hypercapnia plus hypertension. Microspheres were injected under steady-state conditions to compare the two methods. During control, the diameter of the cerebral arteries observed was 388 +/- 28 (SE) micrometers, and CBF measured with microspheres was 40 +/- 4 ml.min-1.100 g-1. CBF decreased 18 +/- 2% during hypocapnia and increased 152 +/- 36% during hypercapnia. During steady-state conditions, the correlation coefficient between changes in CBF (CSA X velocity and microspheres) was 0.94, and the slope of the regression line was 1.02. In similar studies on seven anesthetized dogs, the correlation coefficient between CSA X velocity and microspheres was 0.98, and the slope of the regression line was 0.94. We conclude that the product of CSA and blood velocity of a pial artery provides accurate on-line measurement of changes in CBF. PMID- 7270712 TI - Exercise plasma catecholamines in dogs: role of adrenals and cardiac nerve endings. AB - The plasma norepinephrine concentration (NE, ng . ml-1) in the pulmonary artery of dogs increased above resting values (0.22 +/- 0.04) for moderate (0.53 +/- 0.06) and severe exercise (1.45 +/- 0.23) and during prolonged exercise of moderate intensity (2.06 +/- 0.14). The plasma epinephrine concentration (E) increased above resting values (0.14 +/- 0.04) for severe exercise only (0.76 +/- 0.10) or when moderate exercise was prolonged (1.81 +/- 0.24). The E response, which appeared greater than that found in humans, is probably related to the species difference in the vasomotor response to exercise between humans and dogs, the latter not being subjected to compensatory vasoconstriction in nonworking areas. The activity of the adrenal medulla is confirmed by the plasma catecholamine (CA) gradient between proximal and distal posterior vena cava at rest (0.20 +/- 0.09) and during short- (0.35 +/- 0.08) and long-duration exercise (1.37 +/- 0.23). On the contrary, the heart is not a source of plasma CA in dogs: coronary sinus CA did not exceed aortic CA at rest and for moderate exercise and was lower than aortic CA for severe exercise (4.80 +/- 0.25 vs. 6.55 +/- 0.76 ng . ml-1).. The sources of plasma NE remain unclear in exercising dogs. Significant amounts of NE may be released by the adrenal medulla. PMID- 7270713 TI - Effect of stretching the superior vena cava on heart rate in rats. AB - The effect on the heart rate of stretching the superior vena cava 3-4 mm above its entrance to the right atrium was examined in rats anesthetized with chloralose. The superior vena cava was stretched 41 times in 16 rats. There was a mean increase of 24.1 +/- 1.9 (SE) beats/min. This response was abolished (6 rats) by sympathetic blockade (with propranolol hydrochloride and bretylium tosylate) and by bilateral vagosympathectomy (5 rats). Application of lidocaine to the cervical vagi also abolished the response in a reversible manner (4 rats). In five rats, histological examination of the superior vena cava revealed an abundance of nerves, which formed a net in the stretched region. Complex unencapsulated nerve endings similar to those demonstrated in the dog and cat were not found. PMID- 7270715 TI - Continuous blood pressure measurement in rats with aortic baroreceptor deafferentation. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if once-daily arterial pressure measurements are a reliable estimate of actual time-averaged arterial pressure in neurogenic hypertensive rats. Male rats were subjected to either aortic baroreceptor deafferentation (ABD, n = 10) or sham operation (SO, n = 10). One to 3 mo later, arterial pressure (AP) was recorded from a chronic indwelling catheter in each rat for 72 continuous hours. Subsequently, AP was determined once a day (10- to 30-min recording periods) in each rat for an additional 3 consecutive days. Continuous recording yielded an average mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 104 +/- 2 mmHg in SO rats and an average mean MAP of 120 +/- 3 mmHg in ABD rats. Standard deviation of MAP measured every 5 min for 24 consecutive hours (as an index of pressure lability) was 8.0 +/- 0.4 mmHg in SO rats and 14.4 +/- 1.3 mmHg in ABD rats. Both of the above differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The average MAP from daily measurements in the same rats was 107 +/- 3 mmHg in SO rats and 124 +/- 3 mmHg in ABD rats. Average pressure values were not statistically different for the two measurement techniques in either group of rats. Overall, there existed a significant correlation (r = 0.64, P less than 0.01) between MAP measured continuously and daily in the 20 rats studied. We conclude that daily direct measurement of MAP in conscious ABD rats yields a satisfactory estimate of actual time-averaged MAP in these rats despite their markedly increased MAP lability. PMID- 7270714 TI - Neurogenic suppression of carotid sinus reflexes by vagal afferents in sodium depleted dogs. AB - Reduction of sodium intake affects both the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems, but the effects on the latter are less well understood. To clarify this relationship, the responsiveness of the baroreceptor reflex was compared in groups of normal and sodium-depleted dogs prepared with a single innervated carotid sinus and left vagus nerve after anesthesia with morphine chloralose. Three weeks of sodium depletion did not affect the mean arterial blood pressure, but cardiac output (-50%) and stroke volume (-38%) were reduced, whereas there was a large compensatory increase in total peripheral resistance (115%). The pressor response to carotid occlusion in sodium-depleted dogs was significantly less (35 +/- 4 mmHg) than that obtained in normal dogs (61 +/- 5 mmHg). In the dogs treated with cholinergic blockade with atropine, this difference (-51%) persisted. In contrast, the pressor response to carotid occlusion in sodium-depleted dogs was significantly potentiated (112%) and restored in magnitude to that found in normal dogs after severing the only remaining vagus nerve. These data suggest that the cardiopulmonary and/or aortic vagal afferents are responsible for the blunting of baroreceptor reflexes during sodium depletion. PMID- 7270716 TI - Production of chronic heart block in closed-chest dogs: an improved technique. AB - Chronic complete heart block was produced in 38 closed-chest anesthetized dogs with a special cannula introduced via a jugular vein. A Formalin mixture (0.2-1.0 ml, consisting of equal amounts of 40% Formalin and radiopaque material) was injected through this cannula into the His bundle, which was located with a His bundle catheter. The entire procedure took approximately 30 min and was successful in 90% of the cases. PMID- 7270717 TI - Closed-chest electrode-catheter technique for His bundle ablation in dogs. AB - A modified quadripolar electrode catheter that had two-thirds of the distal surface insulated with high-voltage plastic was inserted in 10 dogs. After a His bundle potential had been recorded, a synchronized direct-current electrical discharge was delivered between the electrodes showing the largest His bundle deflection using a standard direct-current defibrillator, and a metallic plate was positioned over the dog's back. Complete atrioventricular (AV) block was induced in 9 of 10 dogs, which were followed for 3 mo before being killed. During AV block, the QRS complex was broad and not preceded by a His bundle deflection. The mean control cycle length during AV block was 1,441 +/- 223 ms and decreased to 1,151 +/- 181 ms after exercise, a response that was usually abolished by beta blockade. Overdrive pacing resulted in pacemaker suppression with gradual rate stabilization after 10-20 beats. There was no evidence of myocardial or valvular damage. This technique provides for a stable model of complete AV block and is suitable for experiments in which heart rate control is required. In addition, this technique may be of value for patients with tachycardia requiring His bundle section. PMID- 7270718 TI - Leadership in mental health: changing the guard for the 1980s. AB - The author reviews the leadership changes that have taken place in mental health organizations and the factors that have influenced these changes as the mental health field has developed. The administrators of the early mental hospitals were physicians and laymen. By the mid 1840s, the physician-administrator had become dominant, but this changed with the social values of the 1960s and the growth of community mental health centers. Most recent has been the movement into leadership positions by professional administrators without clinical training. The author suggests that the mental health leaders of the 1980s must understand that administration is substantially modified by the subject matter and the values of the mental health field. He feels that the administrator must never lose touch with the experience of being a patient. PMID- 7270719 TI - Empirical assessment of competency to consent to psychiatric hospitalization. AB - The authors used an interview questionnaire to assess competency to consent to voluntary admission in a group of 50 newly admitted psychiatric patients. Using a number of alternative definitions of competency with this sample of patients tested shortly after admission, they found that a majority of patients appeared to have severe impairment of competency. These results suggest limitations in the applicability of the legal model of informed consent to the psychiatric setting. PMID- 7270720 TI - Memory and convulsive stimulation: effects of stimulus waveform. AB - Electrical stimulation with brief pulses can produce a seizure requiring less energy than conventional sine-wave stimulation, and it has been suggested that brief-pulse stimulation might reduce the memory loss associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The authors evaluated the effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on memory in mice by using various waveforms, current intensities, training-ECS intervals, pulse widths, and stimulus durations. When equated for ability to produce seizures, low-energy, brief-pulse stimulation caused as much amnesia as sine-wave stimulation and sometimes more. In the absence of comparisons of the amnesic effects of brief-pulse and sine-wave stimulation in humans, the use of brief pulses for administering ECT is unwarranted. PMID- 7270722 TI - Biorhythms: fact or superstition? AB - Although much has appeared in the lay literature regarding the role of biorhythms in life events, few empirical data exist to support the notion that biorhythms affect our lives. The authors first examined the relationship between biorhythms and date of psychiatric hospitalization for 218 patients. They then compared the dates of psychiatric emergency room visits for 386 patients with each patient's biorhythms. The results from both studies failed to reveal a significant relationship between time of psychiatric admission or psychiatric emergency room visit and various phases of the biorhythm cycle. The biorhythm theory is much too simplistic to account for the complexities of everyday life. Therefore, belief in the theory is likely to be an expression of superstitious behavior. PMID- 7270721 TI - Directional effects of skin temperature self-regulation on regional cerebral blood flow in normal subjects and migraine patients. AB - Vascular headache of the migraine type is associated with vasomotor changes in cerebral arteries. The authors studied whether skin temperature training (biofeedback) reduces the frequency, severity, and duration of these headaches by measuring the regional cerebral blood flow in 11 migraine patients and 9 normal volunteers using the noninvasive 133Xe inhalation technique. Half of each group was randomly assigned to a hand-warming or a hand-cooling group. Cerebral blood flow increased in several regions of the left hemisphere to a statistically significant degree only for the migraineurs who were in the hand-warming group. The pattern of vasomotor regulation apparently differs between migraine subjects and normal subjects. The migraineurs' headache symptoms were affected by both warming and cooling, but warming produced more salutary effects. PMID- 7270723 TI - The psychopathology of being held hostage. PMID- 7270726 TI - Very high dose loxapine in refractory schizophrenic patients. AB - The authors report on three chronic, treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients who dramatically improved when placed on very high doses of loxapine (300-500 mg/day). Numbness transiently appeared in two patients at very high doses of loxapine; it may be a frequently occurring but unreported side effect. The relative lack of serious side effects to very high dose loxapine suggests that this may be a useful intervention in carefully selected refractory patients. The authors recommend that controlled studies be done to elucidate the benefit to risk ratio. PMID- 7270724 TI - Is seeing believing? The new visualization techniques. PMID- 7270725 TI - Wheat gluten challenge in schizophrenic patients. AB - Eight chronic schizophrenic patients were maintained on a diet free of gluten, cereal grains, and milk (CM-F diet) and challenged in a double-blind manner with dietary wheat gluten and placebo. While on the CM-F diet, each patient received a daily challenge of 30 g of gluten for 5 weeks and a placebo challenge for 8 weeks. No deterioration in clinical status as measured by the BPRS was noted on gluten challenge. Serum alpha 1 acid glycoprotein measurement demonstrated no evidence of inflammatory response to gluten challenge. The data suggest that sensitivity to dietary gluten is not characteristic of young chronic schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7270727 TI - Treatment of spontaneous panic attacks with chlomipramine. AB - Recurrent spontaneous panic attacks are psychophysiological symptoms present in panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks. Effective pharmacological treatment for panic attacks is essential to any treatment plan for these conditions. The authors administered chlomipramine to 20 patients who had panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks, and after 8 weeks of treatment 75% of the patients with each diagnosis were asymptomatic. These results support the claim that chlomipramine is highly effective in preventing recurrence of panic attacks. PMID- 7270729 TI - Partners of distressed transvestites. AB - The authors studied partners of 18 transvestites who sought consultation because of their disorder. They found that all of these women were moral masochists and that all tolerated the self-centered, obsessive-compulsive behavior of their transvestic spouses. Many of these women had experienced multiple losses and poor parenting, and their transvestic partners fulfilled their dependency needs. The authors recommend supportive and insight-oriented therapy for such women who, in order to stay with a transvestic man, sacrifice their own self-esteem and desire to engage in a mutual relationship. PMID- 7270728 TI - Cortisol secretion and dexamethasone response in depression. AB - The authors administered 2 mg of dexamethasone at 11:00 p.m. to 37 unmedicated hospitalized endogenously depressed patients and assessed their plasma cortisol response at 4:00 and 11:00 p.m. the next day. In addition, on nondexamethasone days 26 of these patients had mean 24-hour plasma cortisol concentration determinations from samples taken at 30-min intervals and 32 had plasma determinations from a single sample taken at 4:00 and 11:00 p.m. Mean 24-hour plasma cortisol concentration was elevated in 50%; only 7 of the 26 were dexamethasone resistant, and 6 of these 7 were hypersecretors. The authors suggest that dexamethasone resistance reflects the abnormality of cortisol hypersecretion in depression and that the 2-mg dexamethasone suppression test is a highly specific but not very sensitive indicator of hypersecretion. PMID- 7270730 TI - Differences between midlife female offenders and those younger than 40. AB - The authors studied 66 women referred for forensic evaluation and classified them into two age groups: 48 women 17-39 years old composed a young adult group and 18 women 40-54 years old composed a midlife group. The midlife group included a significantly larger number of first-time offenders with a higher frequency of medical as well as psychiatric disorders. None of the women in the midlife group was diagnosed as having antisocial personality disorder, but this was the most common diagnosis among the younger women. The authors note the implications of these findings for treatment of older female offenders, especially those in midlife. PMID- 7270731 TI - Possible linkage between primary affective disorder susceptibility locus and HLA haplotypes. AB - The authors analyzed the concordance of sib pairs of HLA typing in cases where both sibs had affective illness and where the sibs were discordant. They detected an excess of HLA similarities in doubly affected sibs and a lack of similarities in discordant sibs. Therefore, the authors hypothesize that HLA may be linked with a primary affective disorder susceptibility locus or it may be associated with such a locus in some other way. PMID- 7270732 TI - ECT-induced status epilepticus and further ECT: a case report. AB - The author describes an occurrence of ECT-induced status epilepticus in a patient who was psychotically depressed and unresponsive to tricyclic and neuroleptic medication. After an extensive evaluation and further unsuccessful use of treatment alternatives the patient then received a course of specially modified ECT; he had no further sequelae and had a good clinical response. PMID- 7270733 TI - Severe hypocalcemia associated with chronic glutethimide addiction: a case report. PMID- 7270734 TI - Physical findings in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. AB - To determine the frequency of previously undiagnosed, positive physical findings in a psychiatric outpatient clinic population, the authors examined the case records of 910 consecutively admitted patients who had been given screening physical examinations including urinalyses. They found that 20.4% of the patients had some medical abnormality that was previously undiagnosed, and they encourage psychiatrists to make the physical examination a routine part of their total psychiatric evaluation. PMID- 7270735 TI - Effect of tricyclic antidepressants on the dexamethasone suppression test. AB - Twelve depressed outpatients were studied to determine if tricyclic antidepressants affect the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). The authors administered the DST to patients while they were drug free and 3 weeks after they had taken tricyclics. The difference between tests was not significant. PMID- 7270736 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant sample stability and the vacutainer effect. AB - The authors studied the effects of different sample handling techniques on 17 tricyclic plasma samples. They found that the samples were stable at room temperature for up to 3 days when kept in a glass tube sealed with Parafilm, but the samples were not stable when stored in a Vacutainer tube with the stopper in contact with the plasma. PMID- 7270737 TI - Rapid response of severe obsessive-compulsive disorder to tranylcypromine. PMID- 7270738 TI - A comparison of phenelzine and imipramine in an obsessive-compulsive patient. PMID- 7270739 TI - Platelet MAO during the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. AB - The authors explored platelet MAO activity in alcoholism and focused on the impact of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome on MAO values. They found that platelet MAO activity is relatively increased in alcoholic patients who are experiencing withdrawal symptoms from alcohol and that it does not appear to be stable during the period of withdrawal. PMID- 7270740 TI - Challenging the diagnostic status of homosexuality. PMID- 7270742 TI - Haloperidol: the danger of cardiotoxic effects? PMID- 7270741 TI - Inaccurate creatinine clearance tests. PMID- 7270743 TI - Advances in obsessive-compulsive disorder research. PMID- 7270744 TI - Diagnosing schizophrenia with DSM-III. PMID- 7270745 TI - Questioning a contraindication of propranolol. PMID- 7270746 TI - Cimetidine-associated toxic psychosis. PMID- 7270747 TI - Haloperidol and laryngeal-pharyngeal dystonia. PMID- 7270749 TI - Whither psychoanalysis? PMID- 7270748 TI - Pseudohallucinations: radio reception through shrapnel fragments. PMID- 7270750 TI - The stress of self-realization. PMID- 7270752 TI - The "empty couch' syndrome. PMID- 7270751 TI - The power dilemma of women. PMID- 7270753 TI - Memory adaptation to psychological trauma. PMID- 7270754 TI - Kairos: a Jungian view of time. PMID- 7270755 TI - Finitude and unboundedness, constancy and incommensurability. PMID- 7270756 TI - Pregnancy in the analyst. PMID- 7270757 TI - National health insurance always just around the corner? PMID- 7270758 TI - Public support for National Health Insurance. AB - In 1978 a majority of the American public felt there was a need for National Health Insurance (NHI). This study develops models of public support for NHI both with and without a tax subsidy. Support for NHI is highest among the young, lower socioeconomic groups, non-Whites, and urbanites. The older, more educated, White, and rural population are less supportive. In addition, substantial differences exist across political party orientation and health insurance status. Although support for NHI declines by considering a tax subsidy, logit estimates remain relatively stable. Only age and socioeconomic status lose statistical significance when the tax issue is considered. PMID- 7270759 TI - The program implications of administrative relationships between local health departments and state and local government. AB - A typology of organizational arrangements between state and local public health agencies was used as a framework within which the organizational environment of the local health department was studied for its effects on program development and implementation by local public health departments. Data collected in a national sample of local health officers were used in measuring the effect of four different patterns of administrative relationships on the selected characteristics of local health department programs. Important differences were observed among the four organizational types with regard to constraints on programs and program priorities, and health officers' perceptions of the primary functions of local health departments and sources of local health department funding. These findings were then used as a baseline from which to consider the possible impact of recent federal health budgetary proposals (specifically, block grants) both on existing patterns of intergovernmental relations and on the funding and operation of local health department programs. It was determined that the most likely general development arising from these proposed changes in federal budgetary policy is that the administrative control of state health agencies over those at the local level is likely to be enhanced. Other likely developments include changes in the programs and priorities of local health departments related to reductions in overall funding levels for human services and forced competition for fewer dollars by an enlarged constituency. PMID- 7270760 TI - Epidemiology of alcohol abuse in military and civilian populations. AB - Results from a random sample survey of US Air Force personnel show that 4.6 per cent exhibit alcohol dependence, indicated by symptoms of withdrawal and impaired control over drinking. An additional 9.3 per cent can be identified as nondependent alcohol abusers, indicated by serious adverse effects of drinking (such as arrest, accident, hospitalization, or significant work impairment) or by heavy alcohol consumption (over 150 ml of ethanol daily). Compared with data from supervisors and official records, survey results did not understate alcohol related problems. Survey reports of alcohol consumption did underestimate alcoholic beverage sales by about 20 per cent, but adjustments for this discrepancy increased the prevalence rate by less than one percentage point. Rates of serious alcohol abuse among representative samples of males in the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, and civilian populations were also compared. Although the rates were higher in the military than among civilians, most of the difference was associated with the higher-risk demographic characteristics of military personnel, who are more likely than civilians to be young unmarried males. Results indicate that the rate of alcohol abuse in the military is about the same as in civilian groups with comparable demographic characteristics. PMID- 7270761 TI - Effect of coverage on use of an HMO alcoholism treatment program, outcome, and medical care utilization. AB - Two-hundred-fifty alcoholics were randomly assigned to a full benefit of 50 per cent copayment group before entering an HMO (health maintenance organization) alcoholism treatment program. Data on use of treatment services, use of medical care services, and drinking behavior were collected for one year after intake. The medical care utilization and drinking behavior data were compared to data for the year before intake. The two coverage groups were comparable on sociodemographic characteristics and baseline drinking behavior, but the full benefit group tended to have higher utilization rates for the year prior to intake and significantly more treatment contracts than those having the 50 per cent copayment requirement. Changes in use of medical care services were similar in both groups. Both payment groups improved, but the full benefit group tended to be somewhat more improved. Regression analysis supported the relative unimportance of extent of alcoholism coverage in affecting outcome and subsequent medical care utilization. PMID- 7270763 TI - The GMENAC forecast: an alternative view. PMID- 7270762 TI - Nutritional status of Southeast Asian refugee children. AB - Since 1975 nearly 300,000 Indochinese refugees have been relocated in the United States. The Nutrition Division, Centers for Disease Control. Atlanta, surveyed the medical records of four west coast clinics to obtain nutrition-related data on 821 Southeast Asian refugee children under six years of age, arriving between July 1979 and June 1989. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and anthropometric data were compared to those of a comparison group of Southeast Asian children screened prior to 1979 and to a National Health Examination Survey reference population. The newly-arrived refugee group was found to be highly anemic and stunted relative to the comparison group. Although stunted, the study group did not appear greatly wasted. PMID- 7270764 TI - Cancer in the Third World: Bangladesh 1980. AB - Bangladesh exemplifies all of the problems of Third World countries: poverty, hunger, reduced longevity, and an illiteracy rate hovering at more than 80 per cent. The current status of oncology in Bangladesh was surveyed. Staff physicians, deans, medical students, nurses, and patients at six of the eight medical college hospitals, seven village hospitals, and a large private hospital provided background and clinical material. There are no medical or surgical oncologists in Bangladesh. The eight qualified radiation therapists are able to provide only meager diagnostic potential or radiation therapy with their antiquated equipment. Pathology service was severely handicapped by understaffing and outmoded equipment. With a relatively modest investment, epidemiological studies could be undertaken and an effective cancer control program established since oral and cervical cancers are common. PMID- 7270765 TI - Trends in contraceptive method of use by California family planning clinic clients aged 10-55, 1976-1979. AB - The types of primary contraceptive method chosen by women seeking services in California family planning clinics are reviewed for the years 1976-1979. Of most significance was the decline in the use of oral contraceptives (OC) and the concurrent rise in nonprescription methods at all ages. A striking difference in OC use between the earlier and latter time periods was noted for women age 40 and older. PMID- 7270766 TI - Racial differences in blood pressure levels of adolescents. AB - Although essential hypertension is more prevalent among Black adults than White adults, results of an extensive high school blood pressure screening program reveal that this relationship does not obtain among adolescents. In fact, the blood pressure levels of White youths equal or exceed that of Black youths. This race effect still exists when age, sex, weight, and socioeconomic status are controlled. PMID- 7270768 TI - Mass screening for skin cancer. PMID- 7270767 TI - An assessment of Tel-Med utilization by physicians and dentists. AB - A mail survey of physicians and dentists assessed their knowledge of Tel-Med; their use of it in the practice setting; and their opinion of its potential value in practice. Data suggests that both physicians and dentists regard Tel-Med's potential as high and small percentages of both groups have actually used Tel-Med in their practices. However, both groups are concerned over the potential for unsound self-diagnosis. PMID- 7270769 TI - Validity of synthetic estimates of problem-drinker prevalence. AB - For the purpose of evaluating their validity, survey-based synthetic estimates of problem-drinker prevalence in California's counties were correlated with social indicators of alcohol abuse. Prevalence estimates were predictive of automobile accidents and drunk-driving arrests but not of other problems. Data on drinking practices from a statewide survey provide more valid estimates than national survey data. Taking into account empirical and other factors impinging upon the validity of this prevalence formula, it is concluded that synthetic estimates provide a defensible but limited basis for estimating needs for alcoholism services in small areas. PMID- 7270770 TI - Frequency of hospitalization among hospital employees and their families. AB - Using claims data from 443 employee groups in North Carolina, this study examines the acute care hospital utilization rates of hospital employees and their dependents and compares them to employee groups in non-hospital settings. Results show that hospital employee groups account for 28 per cent more hospital days than non-hospital employee groups. The significantly higher rates are due primarily to employee utilization, although hospital employee dependents also showed higher rates of use than would be expected. We hypothesize that the high utilization rates of the hospital employee groups is due to the unusual availability and accessibility of hospital services and an atypical doctor patient relationship. PMID- 7270771 TI - Colorado court involvement in chemical spill clean-up activities. AB - Judicial involvement was utilized to force the owners of a pesticide formulation plant to decontaminate property that had been covered with toxic pesticides having the potential to contaminate both surface and groundwater supplies in the East Denver metropolitan area. This case represented the first use of the Colorado state court system in dealing with a hazardous waste "spill." In this case, judicial intervention was unsatisfactory because of the delays involved. Other courses of action will be considered in future cases of a similar nature. PMID- 7270772 TI - Assessing environmental risks of energy. PMID- 7270773 TI - Prospectives on the risks of alternative fuel cycles. AB - A commentary is provided on the uncertainties in the data and in qualifying the phenomena relating to the risks imposed by the various steps involved in the use of coal, oil, natural gas, hydropower, and nuclear fuels for the generation of electricity. Uncertainties appear to be extremely large for hydropower which exhibits both large scale ecological impacts and the potential for high consequence, moderate frequency events at specific sites. Major risk-related uncertainties with the use of nuclear fuels include those surrounding nuclear weapons proliferation and reactor accident frequencies and consequences. Uncertainties for coal and oil include specification of the damage function of air transported sulfates and the effects of atmospheric CO2 buildup, acid rain, and groundwater contamination from mine water runoff. Compounding these problems is the potential impact of the growing global competition for a diminishing supply of oil. In the studies reviewed herein, the assessed risks of the nuclear fuel cycle are no greater than those of the primary alternatives. Prudence suggests that we do not totally reject any particular option at this time on the basis of health effects alone; similarly, no option is an undisputed choice. PMID- 7270774 TI - Community awareness of emergency phone numbers. AB - Knowledge of numbers to call for medical emergencies was compared among communities with three different call numbers: 1) 911; 2) regional seven-digit numbers; and 3) local seven-digit numbers. Correct responses were 85 per cent in the 911 communities; 47 per cent in areas with regional systems, and 36 per cent in areas with local systems. Persons living adjacent to a 911 area were more likely to believe 911 was the emergency number (28 per cent) than persons not adjacent to 911 areas (12 per cent). PMID- 7270775 TI - Children's ability to evaluate television commercial messages for sugared products. AB - A study of the ability of 120 children to evaluate the cariogenic potential of products presented in commercial television messages was undertaken. Each child was shown commercials for sugar-containing products. The results indicated: 1) grade-related differences exist in a child's ability to evaluate products; 2) no differences between socioeconomic status groups were found in a child's ability to evaluate products; 3) a weak relationship between the level of dental health knowledge and ability to evaluate the products. PMID- 7270777 TI - Closed-claims data for malpractice actions in the United States. PMID- 7270776 TI - Physician-delivered births in Washington State, 1978: geographic patterns. AB - Linkage of birth certificate and physician survey data was used to analyze characteristics of physicians attending deliveries in Washington State in 1978. This analysis revealed substantial differences in attendant characteristics between rural and urban areas. The more urban areas were characterized by a higher proportion of births delivered by obstetrical specialists and a higher average number of births/physician. These results are briefly discussed in terms of supply and accessibility of physicians in several different rural-urban classifications. PMID- 7270778 TI - Chemical wastes--illegal hazards and legal remedies. PMID- 7270780 TI - Temporal artery biopsy in giant-cell arteritis. A reappraisal. AB - We have reviewed the clinical records and histology of 135 patients who underwent temporal artery biopsy between 1973 and 1978. Biopsies were classified histologically as giant-cell arteritis (17%), atypical arteritis (6%), healed arteritis (2%), arteriosclerosis (67%), atherosclerosis (5%), or normal (3%). Most of the histological diagnoses made at the time of biopsy were confirmed but eight cases which had originally been reported as atypical or healed arteritis were classified as arteriosclerosis when reviewed. All 33 patients with histological evidence of arteritis were accepted as clinical cases of temporal arteritis (31) or polymyalgia rheumatica (2) and treated with steroids. A further 24 patients had negative biopsies (arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis) but were considered on clinical grounds to have cranial arteritis. They too were treated and made a full recovery. In 43 cases, all of whom had negative biopsies, a final diagnosis was reached which was thought to account for the clinical symptoms (e.g., cerebrovascular accident, rheumatoid disease, migraine, etc.). As less than 60% of patients with clinical temporal arteritis had positive biopsies, we suggest that this procedure could be omitted and replaced by a trial of steroid therapy. Biopsy should be reserved for patients with a strong medical contraindication to steroid therapy, or who fail to respond to treatment promptly. PMID- 7270779 TI - The triage experiment in coordinated care for the elderly. AB - Triage is a model project designed to overcome the organizational and financial barriers inhibiting the provision of appropriate care to the elderly. Teams made up of a nurse clinician and a social worker performed assessment, service coordination, and monitoring functions. Services arranged by the teams were financed through a series of waivers on the use of the Medicare Trust Fund. Three hundred and seven Triage clients were followed and compared to a group of 195 elderly in a two year quasi-experimental study of functioning status outcomes, use of services, and health care costs. Triage clients had slightly better mental functioning outcomes than comparison clients; results of physical and social functioning outcomes were inconclusive. Both service utilization and costs were somewhat higher for Triage clients; the proportional difference in utilization was greater than the proportional difference in costs. PMID- 7270781 TI - Splenic injury caused by therapeutic irradiation. AB - Splenic irradiation in the course of therapy for lymphoma can result in functional deficit, sometimes as severe as that caused by splenectomy, placing the patient at risk for fatal infection. We examined 33 spleens obtained at necropsy from patients irradiated for lymphomas (mainly Hodgkin's disease) and compared them with 18 nonirradiated spleens from similar patients. One to 8 years after a mean radiation dose of 3899 rads, fractionated over 5-6 weeks, most irradiated spleens were small (average weight 75 g) and had thick, wrinkled capsules, often with focal hemorrhage. There was collapse of the parenchyma, with close apposition of trabeculae and mild to severe diffuse fibrosis of the red pulp. Lymphocyte depletion was obvious in more than 50% of the specimens. The most consistent alteration was myointimal proliferation of arteries. Significant intimal thickening was seen only in the irradiated specimens. Similar myointimal changes were found in the veins of three cases. While none of these changes is specific, their combination appears to be characteristic of delayed radiation injury to the spleen. PMID- 7270782 TI - Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy. Comparison of cases associated and unassociated with mycosis fungoides. AB - Thirty-three biopsies showing dermatopathic lymphadenopathy were obtained from patients with documented cutaneous mycosis fungoides and were studied together with an equal number of dermatopathic lymph nodes derived from patients without evidence of mycosis fungoides. The nodes were evaluated for a variety of histologic features including mitotic figures, immunoblasts, and in particular for the number of atypical cerebriform lymphocytes. Atypical lymphocytes were found to be equally as frequent among both groups of dermatopathic lymph nodes without any statistically significant differences in quantitation or distribution. Similarly, no other morphologic variable was found which would allow an objective distinction of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy from patients with or without mycosis fungoides. PMID- 7270783 TI - Dysgerminoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells. A histologically and clinically distinctive subtype of dysgerminoma. AB - The clinical and pathological features of six dysgerminomas containing syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells were studied; these represented 3% of the dysgerminomas in the AFIP files. Syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells, the distinguishing histological feature, were present either in clusters or were distributed diffusely. Human chorionic gonadotropin was demonstrated immunocytochemically within the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells in both of the two tumors tested for it. Serum or urine gonadotropin titers, measured in four patients, were elevated in three, and two of these were thought to have ectopic pregnancies. All of the dysgerminomas were Stage Ia, and the six patients were well 1-14 years after treatment. PMID- 7270784 TI - Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary with virilization. Light- and electron microscopic study. AB - A case of endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary associated with hirsutism and increased testosterone production is described. Electron-microscopic examination revealed accumulation of basement membrane-like material and other ultrastructural features consistent with endodermal sinus tumor. Groups of polyhedral cells associated with the tumor were found to contain abundant lipid material. These luteinized stromal cells were evidently responsible for the endocrine manifestations. PMID- 7270787 TI - [From dream structure to an informational model of schizophrenia: the disattenuated "dysderepixelized" state]. PMID- 7270785 TI - Diffuse colitis cystica profunda. Report of a case. AB - A 20-year-old man had a 2-year history of ulcerative colitis with multiple exacerbations and failure of medical management. In addition to evidence of ulcerative colitis involving the descending colon and rectum, the remainder of the total proctocolectomy specimen demonstrated prominent, circumferential, polypoid elevations of mucosa and epithelial-lined, submucosal mucous cysts diagnostic of colitis cystica profunda. The involvement of the ascending and transverse colon was diffuse. Colitis cystica profunda is an uncommon condition, usually localized to the rectum and which can be misdiagnosed both clinically and pathologically as invasive carcinoma. Diffuse involvement of the proximal colon as noted in this case, is exceedingly rare. PMID- 7270786 TI - Retrotympanic odontoma. AB - The clinical and histologic features of the second reported case of retrotympanic odontoma, which clinically presented as a cholesteatoma, are described. Origin from the posterior extension of the dental lamina is postulated. The dental lamina, the thickened oral ectoderm which outlines dental structures, is incorporated subendodermally in the lateral outpouching of the first pharyngeal pouch which produces the middle ear cavity. Histologically the odontoma was "complex," containing a haphazard arrangement of cementum, dentin, dental follicle and proliferating dental lamina, without the formation of recognizable teeth. PMID- 7270788 TI - [From molecular pathology to information pathology]. PMID- 7270789 TI - Laterality analysis of gait in normal squirrel monkeys. PMID- 7270791 TI - [Treatment and diagnosis of neurotic vertigo from the neuro-otologic viewpoint: observation on "the equilibrium test for analyzing neurotic vertigo"]. PMID- 7270792 TI - Neuronal sensitivity of some brain regions of angiotensin II in rabbits. PMID- 7270790 TI - Diazepam-induced ataxia in trotting squirrel monkeys. PMID- 7270793 TI - [The childhood of minaprine]. PMID- 7270794 TI - [Effect of minaprine on the metabolism of tyrosine in the rat]. PMID- 7270795 TI - [Effects of minaprine hydrochloride on changes in body weight, blood pressure and cerebral amine concentrations induced by unavoidable planter electric shock]. PMID- 7270798 TI - Effects of extracorporeal circulation on plasma cholinesterase activity in man. PMID- 7270797 TI - Lipid metabolism and oxygen consumption in rats with acute metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 7270796 TI - [Variations in blood lactic acid and glucose levels in the rabbit after infusion of isoprenaline with or without prior infusion of minaprine]. PMID- 7270799 TI - [Minaprine and stammering]. PMID- 7270801 TI - Acute temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome: neuro-otologic and electromyographic study. AB - To test the hypothesis that the acute temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome might represent a variant of acute benign cranial polyneuritis, a prospective study was designed using neuro-otologic examination and electromyography. Seven consecutive patients with cardinal symptoms of the temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome (pain, tenderness, clicking, and limitation of jaw movement) were examined within one week after the onset of their acute symptoms. Another three with chronic symptoms were tested for comparison to the acute cases. All seven patients with the acute condition had asymptomatic hypesthesia of all three divisions of the trigeminal nerve and decreased volitional muscle action potentials in the masseter and temporalis muscles. At the end of three weeks the hypesthesia resolved in all seven patients, and the muscle action potentials returned to normal in six of the seven. Electromyographic testing of the single patient with persistent decreased muscle action potentials and three patients with chronic symptoms showed fibrillations, decreased polyphasic regeneration potentials, and spontaneous fasciculations with clinical atrophy and spasm of the affected masseter and temporalis muscles. Other acute cranial nerve findings included unilateral hypesthesia of the glossopharyngeal and second cervical nerves, motor paralysis of the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve, and increased facial nerve latency. These findings suggest an organic neuromuscular, rather than a psychophysiologic, cause for the temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome. PMID- 7270802 TI - The effects of cricoid cartilage injury and antibiotics in cricothyroidotomy. AB - Until recent years cricothyroidotomy has been condemned as an elective surgical procedure because of reports of a high incidence of subglottic stenosis. In this study of cricothyroidotomy the effects of trauma, denudation of the mucous membrane of the anterior half of the cricoid cartilage, and the prophylactic administration of antibiotics (ampicillin) on the development of subglotttic airway narrowing were evaluated in 40 mongrel dogs. Two of the dogs developed minimal anterior narrowing of the airway. None of the dogs developed clinically important stenosis. PMID- 7270800 TI - Psychophysical tuning functions for brief stimuli: preliminary report. AB - Observations from clinical and research applications of brain stem evoked response audiometry and electrocochleography have suggested that tone bursts of only a few milliseconds' duration can elicit frequency specific responses. Because such brief stimuli are not perceived as being total, the extent to which the auditory system can "tune" to such stimuli was questioned. In order to investigate this question, psychophysical tuning functions were determined for brief tone bursts (i.e., 1. to 2 msec. duration). The results suggest that in working near normal thresholds (and therefore at relatively low sound pressure levels), brief tone bursts do yield rather frequency specific information. However, the range of sound pressure levels of the stimulus for which the tuning is resonably sharp is limited. the tuning functions show signs of deterioration, particularly in the "tip region," with only modest increases in the sound pressure level above threshold (i.e., typically with 20 dB.). Differences also may be seen between tuning functions for these very brief tone bursts, which in turn are characterized by a so-called click pitch, and those of stimuli long enough to have tonal pitch (i.e., 20 msec.). Finally, tuning functions also were examined for click stimulation, which also revealed some degree of tuning at relatively low levels of stimulation. PMID- 7270804 TI - Adult cystic hygroma. AB - Five adults with cystic hygromas underwent excisional surgery. The preoperative diagnosis is rarely made in adults; branchial cleft cyst is the most common preoperative impression. The histologic differentiation between these two lesions is described. Our experience indicates that surgery of cystic hygromas in the adult is not associated with the technical problems encountered in infants and children. PMID- 7270803 TI - The second filter is real, but how does it work? AB - The following speculative suggestions are offered informally concerning the "second filter" in the cochlea. Increased sensitivity is an advantage as important as increased sharpness of tuning. These two features and the "cochlea echo" strongly suggest a resonant system with high Q, which would also explain the prolonged latency near threshold of the action potential of the auditory nerve. The viscous damping of a mechanical resonator in the organ of Corti might be overcome by positive feedback. The seond filter is mechanically fragile and is vulnerable to anoxia. The source of the energy for positive feedback might be the cochlear microphonic of the outer hair cells. A possible transducer is hyaluronic acid located between the cilia and known to have piezoelectric properties. PMID- 7270805 TI - Human vestibular nerve morphology and labyrinthectomy. AB - Surgical labyrinthectomy leads to extensive and degenerative changes in the membranous labyrinth and is often followed by fibrosis and ossification of the vestibule and neuroma formation. After labyrinthectomy the distal processes of the vestibular nerve degenerate, but the nerve trunk within the internal auditory canal, including Scarpa's ganglion, does not show an obvious loss of neurons. Electron microscopic examination of the cells of Scarpa's ganglion revealed many changes similar to those of chromatolysis, indicating increased cell metabolism and probable regenerative changes. Many nerve fibers appeared to be in the process of regeneration. Some ganglion cells were fibrotic and showed ultrastructural features similar to those of cells that had undergone atrophy but survived in a sublethal state. PMID- 7270806 TI - Health planning in Alaska: a new agenda for the 80's. PMID- 7270807 TI - A case of weather sensitivity. PMID- 7270809 TI - Cutaneous lesions of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Comparison with lymphomatoid papulosis. AB - Histopathologic changes in skin lesions from 14 patients with lymphomatoid granulomatosis (some of which were from the original series of Liebow, Carrington, and Friedman) are described. These are compared to the microscopic changes in skin lesions from 17 patients with lymphomatoid papulosis. Significant differences between the two diseases are present, notably the lack of epidermal and papillary dermal involvement and almost exclusive vasocentricity of the lesions of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Lymphomatoid papulosis exhibits extensive involvement of the epidermis and papillary dermis. A diffuse cellular infiltrate is present in the reticular dermis as well as around blood vessels in lymphomatoid papulosis. The relationship of the two diseases to B- and T lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 7270808 TI - A preliminary communication on extensively disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in young homosexual men. PMID- 7270811 TI - Lymphomatoid papulosis. Thirteen years later. PMID- 7270810 TI - Lymphomatoid papulosis. A critical review and new findings. PMID- 7270812 TI - Lymphomatoid papulosis. A concept which encompasses more than one disease process. PMID- 7270813 TI - "Classical" lymphomatoid papulosis. A variant of pityriasis lichenoides. PMID- 7270814 TI - Lymphomatoid papulosis. Macaulay's disease. PMID- 7270815 TI - A reappraisal of lymphomatoid papulosis and of its follicular variant. PMID- 7270816 TI - Dysplasia. On the terminology of atypical intraepithelial profilerations. PMID- 7270818 TI - Subtle clues to diagnosis by gross pathology. Hutchinson's sign of subungual malignant melanoma. PMID- 7270817 TI - Legal implications of overdiagnosing malignant melanoma. Liability of the dermatologist and surgeon. PMID- 7270819 TI - Lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7270820 TI - Diagnosis and biopsy specimens. PMID- 7270821 TI - [Cochlear microphonics]. PMID- 7270823 TI - [Unusual pharyngeal injuries]. PMID- 7270822 TI - [Therapeutic action of a combination of vincamine and piracetam in peripheral labyrinthine syndromes with a vascular component]. PMID- 7270826 TI - The relationship between reported atopy or allergy and immunoglobulins: a preliminary study. AB - The serum of 50 surgical patients with a history of asthma, hay fever or allergy has been analysed for IgE levels and compared with a control group without such a history. The values in the 'normal' group largely fell within the accepted range (below 200 iu./ml). Those in the 'hypersensitive' group had a wide range extending to over 1000 iu./ml but many of those with low values in this group had contact dermatitis and similar minor allergies. However, analysis of cases studied shows that any patient with a history of atopy or allergy is at risk from Cremophor-containing intravenous anaesthetics. PMID- 7270825 TI - Safety record: intravenous anesthetic. PMID- 7270824 TI - [Advantages of endotracheal intubation over tracheostomy in children with acute laryngotracheobronchitis]. PMID- 7270827 TI - Minaxolone, clinical effects and pharmacokinetics. Subanaesthetic infusion regimen. AB - Minaxolone, infused at a constant rate of 0.01 mg/kg/min produced drowsiness followed by a sleep-like state from which subjects could be easily awakened. After the infusion was stopped, initial recovery was rapid, and completed within 45 minutes. The ability to produce this state rapidly and reversibly would have great value in outpatient surgery, short operative procedures and for basal sedation during procedures performed under regional anaesthesia. In common with many intravenous induction agents, involuntary skeletal muscle movement and twitching during the latter part of the infusion regimen was observed in some subjects. The rapid recovery was consistent with the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Minaxolone, i.e. high total body clearance (near or even exceeding that of indocyanine green) and rapid redistribution. However, renal clearance of unchanged Minaxolone was negligible. PMID- 7270828 TI - Minaxolone: an evaluation with and without premedication. AB - Minaxolone, a water-soluble steroid intravenous anaesthetic, has been used in clinical trials for induction and maintenance in patients presenting for minor operations. A standard induction dose of 0.5 mg/kg was given. There was a low incidence of pain on injection and venous sequelae. Excitatory effects occurred commonly at induction but these were reduced by opiate premedication. The frequency of uneventful induction was significantly greater when the 5 mg/ml solution of minaxolone was given at a rate of 6 ml/minute than at a rate of 24 ml/minute. Minaxolone has been withdrawn from clinical trials following equivocal toxicological findings in rats which require further investigation. PMID- 7270831 TI - The Hospal Calculair. An assessment of a portable electronic spirometer. PMID- 7270830 TI - Cardioversion in late pregnancy. The anaesthetic management of a case of Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - A case history is presented of a woman with known Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who, in late pregnancy, developed repeated supraventricular tachycardia, requiring direct current cardioversion. The anaesthetic problems and some pharmacological aspects of the management are discussed. PMID- 7270829 TI - Postoperative analgesia for day-case herniorrhaphy patients. A comparison of cryoanalgesia, paravertebral blockade and oral analgesia. AB - Patients were admitted as day-cases for inguinal herniorrhaphy under epidural anaesthesia and chlormethiazole sedation. The patients were given oral analgesia, and in addition, some were given either a paravertebral block with a dextran/bupivacaine mixture or cryoanalgesia of the ilio-inguinal nerve for postoperative pain relief. These anaesthetic and analgesic techniques are discussed in relation to day-case herniorrhaphy. PMID- 7270832 TI - A bed-mounted unit for the movement of critically ill patients. AB - A small inexpensive unit is described which facilitates the movement of critically ill patients within hospitals while allowing monitoring and treatment to continue. PMID- 7270833 TI - Influence of cerebrospinal fluid on epidural pressure. AB - The pressure in the epidural space was measured with a water manometer in 40 women receiving elective epidural for pain relief in labour, and in three patients who were undergoing lumbar puncture. Injection of a small volume of fluid in the epidural space produced a positive pressure in all subjects, with a mean of 14 cmH2O (range 6.5-20 cmH2O). Pressure varied with posture, respiration, cough and jugular venous compression. The variations in pressure agreed closely with those reported for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. It is suggested that in the lumbar region the dura fills the vertebral canal and is both compressible and expansile. When fluid is injected into the epidural space, the dura acts as a movable membrane and pressures on either side of it tend to equalise. Measurement of epidural pressure may provide a less traumatic way of estimating CSF pressure than traditional methods. PMID- 7270835 TI - A trial of etomidate infusion anaesthesia for computerised axial tomography. PMID- 7270834 TI - Pain relief in labour using epidural pethidine with adrenaline. AB - The degree of pain was assessed by use of a visual analogue scale in 20 patients in established labour before and after the epidural injection of pethidine 50 mg with adrenaline 1:200,000. Forty-two doses were administered and of these 83% gave good pain relief and only 5% had no effect at all. The duration of action was longest following the first dose decreasing with subsequent doses. No evidence of sympathetic or motor blockade was found and side-effects were minimal. In the postpartum period 17 of the mothers expressed full satisfaction with the technique. PMID- 7270836 TI - Pain and movement following the injection of etomidate. PMID- 7270837 TI - Cimetidine in elective Caesarean section. PMID- 7270838 TI - The isolated forearm technique using pancuronium. PMID- 7270840 TI - Bupivacaine 0.5% for intravenous regional analgesia. PMID- 7270839 TI - Spinal analgesia using 0.5% plain bupivacaine. PMID- 7270841 TI - Mixed neuromuscular block: the effect of precurarization. AB - The effects of precurarisation, with small doses of pancuronium, curare or gallamine, on the neuromuscular blockade following suxamethonium, 1 mg/kg, were studied using train-of-four stimulation. The duration of the block was reduced by pretreatment with d-tubocurarine and gallamine but increased with pancuronium. The degree of competitive neuromuscular blockade, both after administration of the precurarising dose and at full recovery from suxamethonium was mild and was insufficient to be a cause of postoperative muscle weakness. PMID- 7270844 TI - Chondro-calcinosis and difficult intubation in acromegaly. AB - Difficulties encountered in carrying out tracheal intubation in acromegalic patients have been well documented. This paper reports the difficulty encountered in a patient with acromegaly complicated by extensive calcification of the larynx. PMID- 7270845 TI - An Addisonian crisis complicating anaesthesia. AB - A patient with Addison's disease required surgery have attempted suicide, by cutting his throat and wrist. He was also in an acute adrenal crisis, as a result of deliberately omitting his replacement steroid therapy. Urgent surgery was indicated and therefore anaesthesia was undertaken before the patient's adrenal crisis was fully controlled. The anaesthetic management is described. PMID- 7270843 TI - The oesophageal obturator airway: A study of cadaver lund ventilation through obturator airways and tracheal tubes. AB - Ventilation of cadaver lungs using a Pneupac ventilator through oesophageal obturator airways (EOA), oesophageal gastric tube airways (EGTA), and tracheal tubes was studied in 23 subjects. The mean tidal volume obtained through tracheal tubes was 381 ml compared with a mean tidal volume of 156 ml obtained through the EOA and a mean tidal volume of 237 ml through the EGTA. Considerable leakage occurred at the pressure relief valve of the ventilator and at the face mask. With the pressure relief valve occluded and better mask fit achieved by observation of maximum possible tidal volume, the mean tidal volume obtained through obturator gastric airways was 606 ml compared with 906 ml obtained through tracheal tubes. This represents adequate ventilation in these very stiff lungs. Subject to modification of the device and prevention of leakage the oesophageal gastric tube airway is a useful alternative to tracheal intubation in certain adverse conditions. PMID- 7270842 TI - Fentanyl and the metabolic response to gastric surgery. AB - The effect of the supplementation of nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia with either 50 micrograms fentanyl/kg body weight or 0.5-1.0% halothane on the metabolic and hormonal response to gastric surgery was investigated in 16 patients. Those patients who received fentanyl showed a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in the hyperglycemic response to surgery after 30 and 90 minutes and a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in the plasma cortisol response after 30 minutes. Profound respiratory depression occurred at the end of surgery in all patients who were given fentanyl. This required the intravenous administration of naloxone and careful supervision in the early postoperative period. It is concluded that the transient metabolic and endocrine benefits produced by fentanyl do not compensate for the severe respiratory problems postoperatively and thus 'high-dose fentanyl' cannot be recommended for upper abdominal surgery. PMID- 7270846 TI - Veno-venous extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. AB - A case of post-traumatic respiratory insufficiency is presented in whom a prolonged period of veno-venous membrane oxygenation was utilised in an effort to provide life support and allow resolution of pulmonary damage. Stabilisation of respiratory function was achieved. Withdrawal of support was required because of surgical haemorrhage while the patient was fully heparinised. Respiratory function deteriorated and the patient died 4 days after discontinuing membrane oxygenation. The procedure was undertaken in the Intensive Care Unit of a District General Hospital where cardiopulmonary bypass facilities are not normally available. PMID- 7270847 TI - Incubation problem in a case of cystic hygroma complicated by a laryngotracheal haemangioma. AB - In dealing with this case of cystic hygroma a non-routine intubation was expected and some of the possible problems anticipated. However, the unusual nature of the difficulty encountered was not initially apparent and presented special problems, both with initial and subsequent management of the patient. The presence of a primary laryngeal condition in this case presented another life-threatening feature. Not only was the airway narrowed, but intubation could not be easily achieved and the possibility of haemorrhage into the respiratory tract existed. The outcome of the case reflects the high mortality associated with this essentially benign condition. PMID- 7270848 TI - Clinical evaluation of an automatic potassium electrode. Use of the Nova 1 ion selective electrode in a cardiac surgical intensive care unit. AB - A Nova 1 potassium analyser has been evaluated for the first 3 months of its use in a cardiac surgical intensive care unit. The machine was out of action for 11 out of 104 days. 515 external calibrations were performed with 4.50 mmol/l potassium standards: mean 4.49 mmol/l, standard deviation 0.07. 692 comparisons were made with routine laboratory flame photometer measurements on the same sample: correlation coefficient r = 0.815. It is concluded that Nova 1, if kept in working order, can provide potassium estimations quickly and accurately. PMID- 7270849 TI - Total intravenous anaesthesia with low dose ketamine and Althesin. Assessment of a technique for minor surgery in difficult situations. AB - In 38 patients subjected to minor surgery, totally intravenous anaesthesia with low dose ketamine and Althesin produced adequate operating conditions in 92% of patients with minimal cardiorespiratory disturbance. Problems arose from muscular hypertonus, spontaneous movement and occasionally salivation. Initial recovery was quicker and the incidence of side-effects lower, than those reported when ketamine was used as the sole agent. The technique could be useful in difficult situations as an alternative to inhalation anaesthesia or other intravenous techniques. PMID- 7270850 TI - Anaesthesia at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa. PMID- 7270851 TI - Anaesthesia in Banjul, the Gambia. AB - This is a report of anaesthesia in one year in The Gambia. The problems related to the development of an anaesthetic service are described and the important function of nurse anaesthetists is emphasised. Recommendations are made about future developments of the specialty. PMID- 7270852 TI - General anaesthesia during acute cocaine intoxication. PMID- 7270853 TI - Postoperative hyperkalaemia in anuric diabetics. PMID- 7270856 TI - The use of fibreoptic instruments in intensive care units. PMID- 7270854 TI - Antidepressants in the treatment of chronic pain. PMID- 7270855 TI - Oral burns and potential airway obstruction following the use of black copper cement. PMID- 7270857 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of midazolam in man (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma concentrations of midazolam (Ro 21-3981/001) were studied in six gynaecological patients following a 12.5 mg intravenous bolus injection of the drug for induction of anaesthesia. The plasma decay curves were found to be biphasic. Therefore the data were interpreted according to an open two compartment model. The fast distribution phase (alpha-phase) lasted about 30 to 45 min with a mean halflife of about 8-9 min. The half-life of the slow redistribution and elimination phase (beta-phase) amounted to a mean of about 150 min. The apparent volume of distribution of the cental compartment (V1) was calculated as 24.11 and the volume of distribution at steady state as 84.21 (Vd, ss). The volume of distribution in the beta-phase (Vd beta) ranged from 71.5 to 129.51 with a mean of 104.21. The total plasma clearance varied from 380 to 527 ml/min with a mean of 472 ml/min. It is suggested that the pharmacokinetic behavior is due to water-solubility and plasma protein binding of this new benzodiazepine. PMID- 7270858 TI - [Monitoring of cerebral electrical activity during cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Continuous recording of cerebral activity by the Cerebral Function Monitor is a useful supplementation to anaesthetic monitoring in cardiac surgery. It is a simple and reliable method for early detection of cerebral damage during heart surgery and in other situations with possible cerebral impairment. The operating principles of the Cerebral Function Monitor and the interpretation of the electrical activity tracings are presented. Therapeutic considerations to minimize or to prevent anoxic brain damage are offered. PMID- 7270859 TI - [Continuous measurement of cations in the blood-stream of patients (author's transl)]. AB - An electrochemical flow-through system in the blood-stream of patients is described, which allows continuous measuring of Na+-, K+- and Ca++ concentrations. The ion-selective electrodes show excellent selectivity constants. Activity potentials of greater than 97% of the theoretical measurement characteristics of the electrodes (Nernst-factor) could be achieved. This electrochemical measuring device makes it possible to measure continuously the electrolyte activities in the blood. Results of direct patient measurements are demonstrated. PMID- 7270860 TI - [Our experiences during cannulation of the subclavian vein in children (author's transl)]. AB - With 260 children under 12 years of age we tried to cannulate the subclavian vein during 3 years 455 times, and were successful 391 times (85.9%). 43.8% of the patients were younger than 1 year. The success rate correlated to the childrens' bodyweight and was less with lower weight of the patients. - In 68.8% of the cases we found the tip of the cannula in the upper caval vein, 19.9% were in the internal jugular vein, and 6.1% were in the opposite subclavian vein. - In this study participated 7 members of the staff and 8 specializing doctors; catheterizations per participant, mean = 30,2, SD 21,49, minimum 6, maximum 65. - Cannulas functioned for 5 +/- 2, max. 19 days. - The most serious complications were 2 pneumo- and one pneumo-hydrothorax, 2 times suspicion of thrombosis and 1 hemorrhage due to a not known hemophilia. None of the complications caused therapeutical problems. PMID- 7270861 TI - [The Liss-technique in comparison with conventional methods for cross-matching procedure (author's transl)]. AB - The Liss (Low Ionic Strength Solution) technique was compared with the enzyme- and saline-albumin-technique for the cross-matching-procedure. The tests were performed in parallel. The main advantage of Liss in erythrocyte-antibody detection is to hasten and to raise the sensitivity of the reaction. The investigations in Liss show a remarkable decrease of the performing time for the corss-matching-procedure. Despite extended incubation time during Liss antiglobulin-testing false positive results did not occur. PMID- 7270862 TI - [Chlorprothixene-induced central anticholinergic syndrome (author' transl)]. AB - A case is reported in which unconsciousness and apnoea extending into the postoperative period were noted as a central anticholinergic syndrome caused by chlorprothixene. This compound was employed for preanaesthetic medication in usual clinical dosage. Physostigmine salicylate was effective in reversing the toxic side effects of chlorprothixene - an occasionally active central anticholinergic agent. PMID- 7270863 TI - [A computerized questionnaire to the anaesthetic record (author's transl)]. AB - To the Anaesthetic Record of the Kreiskrankenhaus Donaueschingen a questionnaire was developed and used during te years 1978 and 1979 to compute the yearly reports of the whole anesthesia department as well as for each anesthesia resident. The various anaesthetics and techniques formed the basis of our data retrieval program. The questionnaire allows the computation of the annual reports in a simple and time saving way. Only one punch card is used; the rate of error is small. Since coding can be done by the anaesthesist himself or the nurse anaesthesist, no additional coding personnel is required. PMID- 7270864 TI - [The inhibitory effect of dantrolene on the rise of serum-creatine-kinase activity after combined use of halothane and suxamethonium in man (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of dantrolene (2 x 1 mg/kg) on the rise of serum CK activity after combined use of halothane and suxamethonium was the subject of a double-blind study of 20 children. Dantrolene significantly inhibited the mean enzyme activity both post- and preoperatively. The incidence of suxamethonium-induced fasciculations was significantly reduced by dantrolene. Serum levels of dantrolene and its metabolites showed considerable interindividual variation; a relation between the levels and enzyme activity could not be detected. Comparing the enzyme-inhibiting effects of different methods dantrolene proved to be more effective than alcuronium preceding suxamethonium and "self-taming." PMID- 7270865 TI - [Metabolic effects of maternal hyperventilation in obstetrical anaesthesia induction (author's transl)]. AB - Apparative hyperventilation before intubation brings about a favourable blood gas situation, but also a bicarbonate shortage, causing metabolic acidosis with increase of blood lactate and pyruvate. In obstetrics a mother-fetus infusion of lactate can occur, which can produce fetal distress. Because of the relative immaturity of the enzyme systems in the newborn, degradation of the infused lactate proceeds very slowly. These children recover only gradually over a period of several hours. For this reason it appears advisable to hyperventilate only briefly before a quick obstetrical intubation. PMID- 7270866 TI - [A rare complication after catheterisation of the external jugular vein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270869 TI - [Modified Wright-spirometer for babies and small children (author's transl)]. AB - We were able to increase the sensitivity of the Wright Spirometer five fold by a slight technical modification. Respiratory volumes as low as 5 ml could be measured accurately and corresponded will with the bell spirometer. Because most respirators include a considerable compression volume during expiration, we prefer to take measurements directly at the tube. The dead space could be reduced from 34 to 20 ml and we therefore take measurements only during 30 s with infants and 20 s with premature babies and give a higher oxygen concentration during this period. The modified spirometer has been tested clinically with success. It is of great help to determine initial tidal volumes. Subsequent controls can be done easily and allow a correlation with blood gases and if necessary a change of the respiratory volume. PMID- 7270868 TI - [A thermodynamic model to predict oxygen consumption and peripheral blood flow of the newborn infant (author's transl)]. AB - The continuous evaluation of the oxygen consumption and peripheral blood flow is technically difficult and practically not feasible in the newborn infant. We attempted to assess these two variables by means of a thermodynamic model, where only a set of geometrical variables and a set of temperatures have to be measured. The body is represented by a central cylinder (head, trunk) and a peripheral cylinder (extremities) and the heat flux therein is described by mathematical formulas. Only steady state conditions are considered. From the heat flux "surface leads to environment" the oxygen consumption and from the heat flux "central cylinder leads to peripheral cylinder" the peripheral blood flow is derived. On the patient only one core temperature (rectum) and two skin temperatures--one on the chest and the other one on the calf--have to be measured. The validity of the model was tested in 17 healthy newborns (body weight 1,100-3,850 g) and 6 diseased newborns (body weight 1,500-3,400 g). Comparing the computed oxygen consumption to values from the literature for a similar group showed good agreement. In 7 newborns the calculated oxygen consumption correlated well (r = 0.88, p less than 0.01) with the directly and synchroneously measured oxygen consumption. Indirect proof that the model also gives a reasonable index for the peripheral blood flow was obtained by relating the computed peripheral blood flow a) to values from the literature for a similar group and b) by demonstrating the dependence of the (calculated) peripheral blood flow on the haematocrit (r = -0.58, p less than 0.01). PMID- 7270867 TI - [The use of physostigmine in the treatment of central anticholinergic intoxication (author's transl)]. AB - Two patients were admitted to us from the city of Rotterdam suffering from central and peripheral symptomatology which indicated anticholinergic poisoning. Physostigmine salicylate was administered and the symptomatology promptly cleared up. These two cases demonstrate the potential differential-diagnostic and curative value of physostigmine. PMID- 7270870 TI - [Pre- and postoperative analgesia by lumbar plexus anaesthesia (3 in 1 block) in orthopaedics and traumatology (author's transl)]. AB - The 3 in 1 block provides effective analgesia for the greater part of the lower limb. The technique is simple, it requires no special positioning and because of the favorable anatomical situation of the femoral nerve it has a particularly low complication rate. The prompt administration in the acute situation considerably reduces the symptoms and consequences of traumatic shock. One should always bear in mind this effect regional anaesthetic technique in elderly patients with fractured neck of femur. The 3 in 1 block enables almost painfree positioning of the side for the performance of spinal and epidural anaesthesia. Finally the 3 in 1 block can be a most potent method of analgesia in postoperative pain. With its minimal effects on vasomotor tone and bladder function the 3 in 1 block is in many cases preferable to continuous blockade via an epidural catheter. PMID- 7270872 TI - Regional anesthesia for surgery on the shoulder. A review of 1500 cases. PMID- 7270873 TI - Techniques for reproducible transient-state isoelectric focusing of human pancreatic secretory proteins with computer-assisted pattern matching, averaging, and analysis. PMID- 7270871 TI - [Epidural morphine as adjunct to epidural anaesthesia in obstetrics (author's transl)]. AB - Epidural opiate as a single analgesic during labour failed to relieve pain sufficiently. According to a synergistic effect of epidural opiate and local anaesthetic a combination of both drugs appears to be useful for obstetric analgesia. In a double-blind-study a single epidural morphine-application at an early stage of labour led to prolonged intervals of reinjection during conventional epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine. The reduced dosage of local anaesthetic improves neonatal status and reduces the necessity of extractional aids. In addition the long-lasting postpartum pains. Side-effects, such as vomiting and pruritus, are rare. PMID- 7270875 TI - Magnetic circular dichroism: adapting an electromagnet to accommodate a standard cryostat. PMID- 7270874 TI - An apparatus for rapidly preparing protein samples for hydrolysis. PMID- 7270876 TI - Pulsed optoacoustic spectroscopy of NADH. PMID- 7270877 TI - Radioiodinated pteroyltyrosine: a novel analog for folate radioassay. PMID- 7270879 TI - Determination of 4-aminopyridine in plasma. PMID- 7270878 TI - Rapid, automated analysis of monosaccharides by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography of borate complexes with fluorimetric detection using 2 cyanoacetamide. PMID- 7270880 TI - Calculation of the ion equilibria in milk diffusate and comparison with experiment. PMID- 7270881 TI - Rapid purification of cobalamin-binding proteins using immobilized aminopropylcobalamin. PMID- 7270882 TI - Simple assay of 0.1-1.0 pmol of ATP, ADP, and AMP in single somatic cells using purified luciferin luciferase. PMID- 7270883 TI - Separation of plant cell organelles by zonal centrifugation in reorienting density gradients. PMID- 7270884 TI - A simple apparatus for injection of nanoliter quantities into Xenopus laevis oocytes. PMID- 7270885 TI - Combined thin-layer chromatography/mass spectrometry without substance elution. Use of direct identification of phenols, steroids, nucleosides, biogenic amines, and amino acids. PMID- 7270886 TI - Automatic assay of urinary protein using Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250. PMID- 7270887 TI - Oleate replacement ultrafiltration: a new method for quantitative recovery of organic acids from human plasma. PMID- 7270888 TI - An automatic method of 4-hydroxyproline determination convenient for large series. PMID- 7270889 TI - An improved high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay for 2-acetylaminofluorene and eight of its metabolites. PMID- 7270890 TI - Rapid determination of delta-aminolevulinate synthase activity by a specific fluorometric coupled enzyme assay. PMID- 7270891 TI - Detection of microgram quantities of carrier ampholytes in electrofocused proteins by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 7270892 TI - A sensitive method for the determination of cytolytic activity. PMID- 7270893 TI - Sample introduction system for simultaneous determination of volatile elemental hydrides and other elements in food by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometry. PMID- 7270894 TI - Automated gel-permeation system for removal of lipids in gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of fatty tissues for xenobiotic chemicals. PMID- 7270895 TI - Determination of promethazine and other phenothiazine compounds by liquid chromatography wih electrochemical detection. PMID- 7270896 TI - Preparation of biological materials for determination of selenium by hydride generation--atomic absorption. PMID- 7270898 TI - Determination of trace element profiles and concentrations in human hair by proton-induced X-ray emission spectrometry. PMID- 7270897 TI - Analysis for nitrosourea antitumor agents by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. PMID- 7270899 TI - Separation of plutonium in urine without sample ashing for determination by alpha spectrometry. PMID- 7270900 TI - Multielement analysis of human blood serum by neutron activation and controlled potential electrolysis. PMID- 7270901 TI - Simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead in whole blood and serum by computerized potentiometric stripping analysis. PMID- 7270902 TI - Analysis of fish and sediment for volatile priority pollutants. PMID- 7270903 TI - The development of the inferior olivary complex in preweanling opossums. identification of midbrain, cerebellar and spinal terminals. PMID- 7270905 TI - The marginal layer in the neocortex of a 7 week-old human embryo. A light and electron microscopic study. AB - Ultrastructural study of the molecular layer of the neocortex of a 7 week-old human embryo confirms recent observations on various laboratory animals that call for revision of some classical concepts of corticogenesis. 1. At 7 weeks, the subpial, marginal or molecular layer is the first layer to differentiate from the ventricular layer and represents almost half the thickness of the telencephalic vesicle. 2. The first cells that have already migrated from the ventricular zone, even before any cortical plate is visible, are to be found in this marginal layer. These large cells are well differentiated and most probably represent the so called Cajal Retzius cells. 3. The earliest synapses ever seen in human embryo are found in the marginal or plexiform layer; this indicates the presence of a precocious set-up for an elaborate neuronal circuitry at this level. PMID- 7270906 TI - Anatomy and blood supply of the coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex of the rat. AB - The anatomy of the coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglion (CSMG) complex of 28 female Wistar rats was studied by serial paraffin sections and found to be consistent in composition and in relations. The CSMG comprises tow suprarenal ganglia in continuity with the major splanchnic nerves, these continuing as splanchnic trunks into paired coeliac ganglia. The left coeliac ganglion is larger than the right as it has a superior mesenteric component related to the artery of that name. Lastly, intermesenteric ganglia are related to the renal and ovarian arteries and to the origin of the intermesenteric nerves. Ink injections and microvascular casts indicate that the main extrinsic blood supply to the CSMG is derived from the inferior phrenic artery, a branch of which enters the complex at the suprarenal ganglia and supplies the CSMG via the splanchnic trunks. Also, recurrent branches of the ovarian arteries enter the intermesenteric nerves to supply the complex at its caudal pole. A few small arteries not associated with nerves and probably derived from lumbar arteries also supply the CSMG complex. The two major post-ganglionic nerve trunks have an abundant vasculature in continuity with that of the CSMG but whose origin and direction of blood flow has yet to be determined. PMID- 7270904 TI - The epididymis and its development in ratite birds (ostrich, emu, rhea). AB - The epididymis of ratitae is subdivided into a main part and a appendix epididymidis. The appendix epididymidis consists of the ductus aberrans and ductuli aberrantes. The ductus aberrans is the cranial continuation of the ductus epididymidis. The appendix epididymidis is cranially attached to the adrenal gland. In the main part of the epididymis the largest part of the rete testis is found. The rete testis is composed of an intratesticular rete (also named tubuli recti), and intracapsular rete (with a longitudinal cistern and a true rete), and an extratesticular rete (predominantly consisting of approximately 20 longitudinal channels). The rete testis develops most likely embryonally from buds of the glomerular capsules of the mesonephros. The ductuli efferentes proximales also from these capsules, while the ductuli efferentes distales develop from the proximal and distal tubules and intermediate-segments of the mesonephros. The ductus epididymidis originates from the Wolffian duct and meanders dorsolaterally through the epididymis. PMID- 7270907 TI - Some comparative quantitative data on the different (relay and associative) thalamic nuclei in the cat. A quantitative EM study. PMID- 7270909 TI - Role of microtubules in the organization of the Golgi complex and the secretion of collagen secretory granules by periodontal ligament fibroblasts. AB - Fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament (PDL) of the mouse exhibit a high degree of cytoplasmic and functional polarity. This polarity is dependent upon an elaborate system of microtubules. The location of the microtubular arrays and the observed effects of colchicine administration suggest that microtubules play an important role in maintaining the organization of the Golgi complex and its functional relationship to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Smooth-walled intermediate vesicles, apparently derived from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, are aligned along microtubules at the immature face of the Golgi apparatus, and mature secretory granules are closely related to microtubules at the mature face of the Golgi apparatus. In distal cell processes the granules are closely parallel to microtubules and on occasion bridge-like attachments from granules to microtubules were noted. This relationship of secretory granules to microtubules, the lack of granule storage, and the effects of colchicine on granule secretion suggests that microtubules are part of a mechanism for collagen granule translocation from the Golgi complex to the cell periphery. PMID- 7270908 TI - A freeze-fracture study of avian epiphyseal cartilage differentiation. AB - The morphological features of avian epiphyseal cartilage have been investigated by freeze-fracture techniques. Progressive changes occurred in both the cells and the matrix during differentiation. Chondrocytes changed in shape from small flattened cells with few, short cellular processes, to enlarged ovoid cells with numerous long processes often associated with extracellular vesicles. In the matrix these vesicles appeared first in the cellular lacunae, then in the extralacunar matrix, becoming larger and more numerous. Large membrane-associated particles (MAPS) were seen on the p faces of the plasmalemma. These became progressively concentrated on and around the cellular processes, with few large MAPS being seen on the e face. Similar distribution of MAPS was seen in the matrix vesicles. Domains of hydrated proteoglycan aggregates were manifest as regular fracture patterns in the extralacunar matrix of the upper regions of the plate. Collagen fibrils progressively increased in size and state of aggregation, often being associated with matrix vesicles and in the end, with long plate-like mineral crystals. These findings, while in basic agreement with patterns observed with TEM, reveal important new features concerning cellular and matrix structure during cartilage differentiation. PMID- 7270910 TI - A stereologic analysis of collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts in three soft connective tissues with differing rates of collagen turnover. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the importance of the phagocytic mechanism of collagen resorption in the normal turnover and remodelling of soft connective tissues. Collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts in rat skin, attached gingiva, and periodontal ligament was quantitated using the methodology of electron microscopic stereology. Periodontal ligament contained five and 15 times as much phagocytosed collagen as attached gingiva and skin respectively. Also, for each tissue examined, a positive correlation was observed between the amount of collagen phagocytosed and the known rate of mature collagen turnover. PMID- 7270911 TI - Ultrastructure of the developing vascular system in the puppy kidney. AB - The present study defined the ultrastructural features of peritubular capillary development. Two-day-old beagle puppies and adult dogs were perfused with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and routinely prepared for light and transmission electron microscopy. Some of the fixed tissue was subsequently used to make freeze fracture replicas. The outer cortex of the puppy kidney possessed large, thick walled vessels best termed sinusoidal capillaries instead of the small caliber vessels (peritubular capillaries) noted in the adult. These sinusoidal vessels showed extensive overlapping of the endothelium with isolated patches of fenestrae. Their luminal surfaces were irregular, owing to prominent ridges and sporadic bulges of endothelium. The basement membrane of most vessels was not present. Interstitial spaces were filled with mesenchymal cells and cells closely resembling pericytes. The diameter of the fenestrae of vessels throughout the cortex was similar; however, the number of fenestrae per micrometer of endothelium increased significantly from outer to inner cortex. Vessels of the inner cortex were also immature when compared to the adult. From these morphological findings, it was apparent that a true peritubular capillary system does not exist in the two-day-old puppy. Ultrastructural features of these vessels suggested reduced permeability characteristics. PMID- 7270912 TI - Circadian rhythm in mitotic index of corneal epithelium: presence of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and treatment with saline or hydroxyurea. AB - A study of the circadian rhythm in the mitotic index (MI) of the corneal epithelium was completed in non-tumor-bearing mice and in mice bearing the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). All mice were standardized to a light-dark cycle with 12 hours of light from 0600 to 1800 CST alternating with 12 hours of darkness from 1800 to 0600 CST. Treatments included injection with saline (SAL) or hydroxyurea (HU) at different circadian times. This investigation demonstrated that: (1) Data from untouched animals cannot serve as proper controls because treatment with SAL altered the level of the MI, but only during the diurnal, not the nocturnal, phase of the circadian cycle; (2) the presence of the EAC depressed the level of the MI, but this inhibition was only detected during the diurnal period; (3) treatment with 500 mg/kg HU injected at 0500 caused more perturbation in this rhythm than did treatment with 500 mg/kg HU at 1700; (4) when 500 mg/kg HU was given at 2000 and 0100 and 0500, the perturbation of the rhythm was greater than when 500 mg/kg HU was given at 0900 and 1400 and 1700; (5) when 3000 mg/kg HU was given at 1700 and compared to 500 mg/kg HU at 1700, little difference in the overall circadian profiles of these rhythms was observed, indicating that the circadian control mechanisms operating on the MI exerted a greater influence than did a dosage change from 500 to 3000 mg/kg HU; and (6) a comparison of the practice of plotting experimental and control data as "hours after treatment" versus using a "time of day" plot for the same data demonstrated that the "hours after treatment" plot is very misleading because it fails to account for the significant circadian oscillation in this in vivo system. PMID- 7270913 TI - Ultrastructural study of the embryonic development in the rat pineal gland. AB - The ultrastructure of the albino rat embryo pineal gland was studied from day 13 of development through birth. In the first stages (13-16.5 days of development) the pineal evagination presents a barely differentiated epithelium. From 17 days onward the transformation of the pineal gland from a tubular evagination into a compact organ occurs. The obliteration of the recess takes place by means of two mechanisms: (a) multiple foldings of the epithelium which determine an approximation and fusion of the walls of the recess, and (b) occupation of the lumen by cells extruded from the pineal epithelium. Embryos of 18-21 days of gestation still show remains of the pineal recess. From day 16.5 onward elements of the pineal parenchyma have been found outside the pineal epithelium contour. They contact with the mesenchymal cells without a basal lamina separating both elements. Day 20 marks the beginning of recognizable differentiation of pineal cellular types. However, in the newborn rat these types are not yet clearly established. PMID- 7270914 TI - An electron microscopic study of the cardiac innervation in larval lamprey. AB - Larval lampreys (Lampetra japonica) 13 and 21 mm in body length were examined by serial section electron microscopy and it was found that the young 13-mm larvae which was 26 days old had no nerves to, and in, the heart. However, the heart of 21-mm larval lampreys had two sets of nerve fibers entering the heart. One of the nerve fibers entered the heart via the porta venosa, ran along the vena jugularis impar, and ended in the sinus venosus. The other nerve entered with the porta arteriosa and terminated in the proximal region of the bulbus cordis. Two characteristic types of nerve endings were observed. One type of nerve ending contained numerous, small, clear vesicles about 40 nm in diameter. These endings were found only in the walls of the vena jugularis impar and the sinus venosus. The second type of ending characteristically contained distinctive large-cored vesicles 60-130 nm in diameter mixed with numerous small, clear vesicles. These endings were present in the walls of the vena jugularis impar, the sinus venosus, and the bulbus cordis. It should be emphasized that the bulbus contained only the second type of nerve ending. The nerves in the heart were confined to specific regions and those from the two sources remained separate. Furthermore, the atrium, ventricle, ducts of Cuvier, and hepatic veins were completely devoid of nerves. There were no ganglion cells in any region of the heart. PMID- 7270915 TI - Methods for the isolation of intact epithelium from the mouse intestine. PMID- 7270916 TI - Three dimensional arrangement of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the heart muscle fiber of the rat. AB - The three-dimensional arrangement of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum was studied in thick sections of the heart left ventricle fixed in glutaraldehyde and impregnated with the Ur-Pb-Cu technique and in thin sections of glutaraldehyde fixed tissue post-fixed in potassium ferrocyanide-reduced osmium. Squarish flattened mitochondria, approximately the size of a sarcomere, were arranged in longitudinal columns in the clefts between the myofibrils. At the periphery of the fiber, the endoplasmic reticulum took the appearance of a subsarcolemmal network of plate-like and tubular cisternae running parallel to the cell surface. Between the myofibrils, the ER network formed longitudinally oriented repetitive units whose structure varied according to their position in relation to the A- or I- bands of the myofibrils. In front of the A-band, the endoplasmic reticulum appeared as a single layered network of anastomotic tubules compressed between the adjacent myofibrils. In front of the I-band, it formed a multilayered network the three-dimensional arrangement of which was dependent upon the presence or absence of the T-tubule. In the absence of the T-tubule, the ER cisternae were loosely anastomosed and occasionally displayed bulbous terminal swellings. In the presence of T-tubules, tubular ER cisternae were seen running parallel on both sides of the T-tubules and were continuous with sheet-like cisternae sandwiched between the distended T-tubule and adjacent extremities of longitudinally arranged mitochondria. These tubular or flattened cisternae were connected to each other by numerous bridging cisternae around the T-tubules. PMID- 7270917 TI - The ultrastructure of the avian Golgi tendon organ. AB - The ultrastructure of the avian Golgi tendon organ (GTO) is described and compared with those of mammals using transverse sections through the myo tendinous junctions of wing muscles of adult mallard ducks. The capsule, which is continuous with the perineural epithelial sheath of the Ib afferent nerve fiber, consists of four to seven flattened cellular lamellae. Two to four muscle fibers attach to large collagen bundles which enter the GTO through a tight collar at the proximal end of the fusiform capsule. These collagen bundles divide into many smaller bundles, which run longitudinally through the lumen in compartments formed by septal cells. The septal cells contain many prominent lipid accumulations. The Ib axon divides several times, and the unmyelinated branch axons weave between the small collagen bundles. Schwann cell processes or basement membrane usually intervene between the axons and collagen bundles. The small collagen bundles regroup into larger bundles, which pass through tight capsular collars and merge with the main muscle tendon. The size of the duck GTOs was measured and found to be smaller than the GTOs of man, cat or rat. PMID- 7270918 TI - Developmental changes in the fine structure of the chorion laeve (smooth chorion) of the rhesus monkey placenta. AB - Developmental changes in the fine structure of the chorion laeve (smooth chorion) of the rhesus monkey were studied at two time periods during gestation: 1) Early (19-60 days of gestation), before the chorionic epithelium fuses with the parietal decidua, and 2) near term, when the fused chorioamnion has also fused with the parietal decidua. Early in gestation the chorionic epithelium consisted of columnar and cuboidal cells one or two layers thick. The apical border of the cells had microvilli and coated pits, and adjacent cells were joined by tight junctions and desmosomes. The chorionic epithelial cells during this early period contained numerous large vesicles and vacuoles of varying electron-density. The apical cytoplasm contained various small coated vesicles and tubules. Taken together these observations were interpreted as indicating a possible role for these cells in endocytosis or phagocytosis of substances from the uterine lumen; i.e., a potential role in histiotrophic nutrition during this early period. Late in gestation the trophoblastic cells were more irregular in shape. The cells contained abundant granular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and a well-developed Golgi complex, suggesting the cells were actively synthetic late in gestation. The numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles characteristic of the trophoblastic cells of early gestation were absent near term. Glycogen deposits and lipid droplets were moderately well-developed near term. Most of the cells were joined by desmosomes but wide intercellular spaces, unobstructed by any cell junctions, were frequently observed. This observation provides at least one explanation for the increase in permeability of the chorion laeve later in gestation. Cells of the parietal decidua associated with the chorion laeve were also examined. These cells generally had a well-developed granular ER and Golgi apparatus, and numerous mitochondria. Limited numbers of membrane-bounded secretory bodies, similar to those in human decidual cells, were also present. PMID- 7270919 TI - Submandibular glands in mice with muscular dystrophy: studies with nerve growth factor. AB - Experiments have been carried out to examine the submandibular glands in mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Radioimmunoassay data confirm biological studies which show that submandibular glands in mice with muscular dystrophy contain less nerve growth factor (NGF) than glands of normal animals. Male dystrophics have half as much submandibular NGF as unafflicted mice, while females have only 10% of control levels. Gel filtration and electrophoretic studies detect no differences in the molecular properties of NGF in gland extracts from normal and dystrophic mice. Furthermore, NGF from both sources show equal activity in the sensory ganglion bioassay. Together, these results suggest that NGF deficits in submandibular glands of dystrophic mice are not due to measurement artifacts arising from alterations in the structure of the molecule. Morphological studies have uncovered a cytological basis for chemical deficits within submandibular glands of dystrophic mice. Stereological analysis of light and electron microscopic sections revealed that growth factor containing granular tubule cells (GTC) take up a smaller portion of the total gland volume, are smaller in size, and contain fewer secretory granules than comparable cells in glands from controls. Furthermore, the ultrastructure of GTC in dystrophic animals suggests that the cells are less active in producing secretory protein than GTC in glands from normal animals. These results are consistent with the idea that growth factor deficits arise from cellular abnormalities in the granular tubule segment of the gland. PMID- 7270920 TI - Anatomy of the nasal-pharyngeal airway of experimental animals. AB - Silicone rubber casts were prepared of the nasal, pharyngeal and laryngeal regions of two rats, a rhesus monkey, and three beagle dogs and one for each species selected for detailed measurements. Cross-sections of the casts were made and the area and perimeter of each section measured using an image analyzing computer. Considerable anatomical differences were found between the species. Some of the differences, such as the sharp bend in the nasopharynx of the monkey, could be related to normal posture. One of the main differences was the greater complexity of the turbinate region of the dog as compared to the corresponding area of the monkey. PMID- 7270922 TI - Foetal haemopoiesis during the hepatic period. I. Relation between in vitro liver organogenesis and erythropoietic function. AB - Cultures of the hepatic bud, under different experimental conditions, show a direct relation between foetal age at the time of dissection and the further organogenesis of the explant. In cultures of the septum transversum plus hepatic bud--with or without splanchnic mesenchyme--obtained from embryos of four to 25 somites, the capacity for endodermic cells to differentiate into hepatocytes appears only in a small number of samples; whereas, in the hepatic bud from older embryos (26 to 40 somites), this differentiation occurs in all cases. The amount of time cultures were allowed to grow was important for hepatic organogenesis, as measured by cord-like organization of hepatocytes plus their storage capacity of glycogen. The possibility of the explants showing complete haemopoiesis was also a condition of foetal age at the time of explant. Haemopoiesis was not found in cultures from embryos of less than 25 somites. On the other hand, development of haemopoiesis did not show a direct relation to days of culture, since the peak of this activity was observed towards the third day in vitro. Most explants showed a generalized haemopoiesis (both interstitial and vascular) with a decay towards the sixth day. Endodermal cells of the hepatic bud were capable of both proliferation and differentiation into hepatocytes, even in those mesenchymes considered inadequate such as limb mesenchyme. In the latter case we were unable to find haemopoiesis at any time. The septum transversum, when cultured alone, did not contain haemopoietic cells. PMID- 7270923 TI - An ultrastructural morphometric study of developing rat substantia gelatinosa. AB - A morphometric analysis has been done on developing rat substantia gelatinosa of the lower cervical and upper thoracic levels of the spinal cord starting on the 15th day of gestation. The following parameters were measured: cell body diameter, cytoplasmic/nuclear areas, synaptic density, synaptic type and vesicle morphology of the presynaptic terminal in axodendritic synapses. Cell body size and cytoplasmic/nuclear areas of gelatinosal cells increase until the 15th day postnatally and then decrease somewhat to the adult values. The first synapses are seen on gestation day 17. Synaptic density increases linearly until the third day postnatally. Axodendritic synapses are most common throughout development and in the adult, while the proportion of axoaxonic synapses increases and axosomatic synapses decreases during development. Most of the terminals in axodendritic synapses contain clear-spherical vesicles but the occurrence of clear-flat vesicles and dense-cored vesicles in the terminals increases during development. It appears that these morphological parameters provide a stable index of development in the substantia gelatinosa which can be correlated with functional devleopment of the area. Hopefully, they will provide a means to asses subtle anomalies induced by nonteratogenic drugs or other environmental changes. PMID- 7270925 TI - Unusually complex basement membranes in the midgut of two decapod crustaceans, the stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) and the lobster (Homarus americanus). PMID- 7270921 TI - Tridimensional study of the deep cortex of the rat lymph node. V: Postnatal development of the deep cortex units. AB - Recently, the deep cortex of the adult rat lymph node was shown to be made up of semirounded lymphocytic "units." Each unit is contiguous to the peripheral cortex, bulges into the medulla, and is centered on the opening(s) of an afferent lymphatic vessel of a node. Furthermore, each unit comprises a "center" and a "periphery," bearing distinct morphological features. The present study investigated the postnatal development of the units in rats of various ages. One minute after birth, no lymphocytic structures were detected in the nodes. One day after birth, tiny rounded lymphocytic areas were detected in the developing cortex. These areas were topographically related to the openings of afferent lymphatic vessels. One week after birth, small semirounded lymphocytic areas with some morphological features of the adult deep cortex units were observed. Two weeks after birth, typical units were present in the nodes. The observations indicated that the rounded lymphocytic areas observed in nodes of rats aged 1 week or less were actually developing deep cortex units. The overall findings further provided information on the morphological processes involved during the postnatal development of the deep cortex units. Key works: lymph node, deep cortex, development of deep cortex, rat. PMID- 7270924 TI - The oculomotor nucleus and extraocular muscles in a mutant anophthalmic mouse. AB - The object of this study was to determine whether the oculomotor nucleus and the extraocular muscles are present in the adult of a mutant mouse strain in which eye formation fails early in development (Chase and Chase, '41). Neuronal counts for the oculomotor (IIIrd) nucleus were obtained from serial paraffin sections made through the midbrains of seven mice of the anophthalmic mutant group (ZRDCT An) and seven mice of the same strain in which eyes were present (ZRDCT-N). The orbital structures of the anophthalmic and control groups were reconstructed from 1-micrometer plastic serial sections. There was in the anophthalmic mouse, in the same location as in the normal, an oculomotor nucleus whose mean neuronal cell number was 206 (+/- 40). The normal mouse had a mean value of 262 (+/- 63) oculomotor neurons. On the basis of these results, this difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.073). The neuronal number per cubic millimeter was similar in the two groups (P = 0.81). In the orbit of the anophthalmic mouse, several bundles of striated muscle occupied a location comparable to that of extraocular muscle in the normal mouse. Neuromuscular junctions were present on fibers of this orbital muscle. It is concluded that the early failure of eye formation does not prevent the development of extraocular muscles and the oculomotor nucleus, and their retention in the adult. PMID- 7270926 TI - A histological study of the Harderian gland of Mongolian gerbils, Meriones meridianus. AB - The histological structure of the gerbil Harderian gland was investigated by means of light and transmission electron microscopy. The single excretory duct of the gland is directly continuous with endpieces at the hilus and opens nasally and ventrally to the third eyelid. The excretory duct is accompanied by many acini of small serous glands around it. The gland is composed of tubuloalveoli (tubular alveoli) with wide lumina and is not divided into lobules. There is no branched duct system within the gland. The tubuloalveoli themselves convey the secretory materials to the hilus where the excretory duct begins. The alveolar epithelium is composed of only one type of glandular cell as well as myoepithelial cells. The glandular cells contain many clear secretory vacuoles containing lipids and well-developed tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The secretory vacuoles are surrounded by a unit membrane and are secreted by exocytosis. The interstices of the gland contain two types of autonomic nerve varicosities and a number of melanocytes. The surface of the gland is covered with the endothelium of the orbital venous sinus. PMID- 7270927 TI - Morphological changes in the mechanically unloaded myocardial cell. AB - The role of stretch and/or tension in maintaining the structural integrity of the myocardial cell was investigated in 16 cats. Right ventricular papillary muscles were studied 1-28 days after transection of the chordae tendinae and compared to adjacent intact papillary muscles. A progressive atrophy, as shown by decreased mean cell cross-sectional area, occurred; by the 28th day mean cardiocyte area was only 28% of the control value. The earliest ultrastructural changes (one day after surgery) were primarily focal and included disorientation of contractile filaments and loss of Z-line substance. During the first week, vacuolation, loss of contractile filaments and infiltration of macrophages and fibroblasts were characteristic. By the second week a massive loss of contractile substance, disappearance of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and a marked increase in connective tissue occurred. Leptomere structures, membrane alterations, and phagocytosis were the most typical changes between the second and fourth week. Hydroxyproline assays on papillary muscles unloaded for three days showed a 38% increase in connective tissue, indicating an early increase in connective tissue/muscle mass associated with mechanical unloading. It is concluded that the cardiocyte is extremely dependent upon mechanical loading, i.e., stretch and/or tension. Mechanical unloading (tenotomy) results in rapid and marked cellular degeneration which exceeds that observed in skeletal muscle following either disuse or denervation. PMID- 7270928 TI - The ultrastructure of cultures from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. AB - When chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma are isolated by trypsin and collagenase digestion and cultured in Petri dishes, they form a new extracellular matrix within 24 hours, with proteoglycan matrix granules and collagen fibrils. This rapid synthesis of new matrix, together with the biochemical and morphological characterization of the proteoglycans as typical of cartilage, demonstrates the value of these cultures as a model system for studies of synthesis, secretion, and organization of extracellular matrix. PMID- 7270929 TI - Permeability to lanthanum of blood testis barrier in human germinal aplasia. AB - The permeability of Sertoli tight junctions to lanthanum administrated during fixation is demonstrated in biopsies of patients with partial germinal aplasia. In freeze-fracture replicas the number of fibrils is not significantly different from the data obtained in normal testis. Thus, in these pathological conditions junctional permeability is not related solely to the complexity of the network revealed by freeze-fracture. PMID- 7270931 TI - Mitosis in pituitary MSH/endorphin cells of adult male rat pars intermedia: light and electron microscopic observations. PMID- 7270930 TI - The effect of the carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, on turnover of 3H-thymidine labeled cells from mucosal glands of mouse colon. AB - 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), administered weekly to mice for 20 weeks, induces tumors in the distal segment of colon. Tumors are preceded by enlargement of the mucosal glands resulting from increases in the number of total cells and 3H thymidine labeled cells/crypt. Cells located in the crypt base normally undergo 2 3 division as they migrate toward the lumen, and they become post-mitotic in the upper crypt. It is not known if cells in these enlarged crypts have rates of turnover similar to cells in normal crypts. Groups of w/s female mice were treated with DMH (20 mg/kg body wt) for 3,8, or 16 weeks; controls were given 0.001 M EDTA. After treatment, the animals were injected with 3H-thymidine and killed one hour or 1,2,4,7 or 17 days later. Autoradiographs were prepared from sections of distal colon. The total cells/crypt column in 30 crypts/animals were counted. Crypts were divided into 10 equal segments based on the crypt length and the labeled cells/segment were counted. The relative number of labeled cells and the distribution of these cells within crypts were similar in DMH-treated and control animals after one hour. However, as the cells migrated toward the lumen, the number of labeled cells doubled after 2 days and tripled after 4 days in DMH treated animals but only doubled during the 4 days in controls. This difference caused by retention of an increased number of dividing cells in the lower 4 segments of the crypts and suggests an increase in those cells that divide twice. In addition, increased numbers of labeled cells were retained in the upper 3 segments of DMH-treated animals after 4 days. These findings indicate that the crypt cells of DMH-treated animals are generally more immature than those of controls and this immaturity contributes to the enlargement of mucosal glands during carcinogenesis. PMID- 7270932 TI - A method for culturing canine tracheal smooth muscle cells in vitro: morphologic and pharmacologic observations. AB - A method of culturing canine tracheal smooth muscle cells in vitro is described. The morphology of these cells is monitored up to 60 days in culture and selected stages are illustrated. The characteristics of these cells are numerous mechanical attachments, the presence of thick filaments in suitably processed cells, and their contractile response to in vitro administration of carbachol, a cholinomimetic drug. They also possess nexus formations and both thin (actin) filaments and 10-nm filaments. Mitosis is found in the nonconfluent preparations up to 16 days after culturing. Cultures of 2 to 8 days appear to be most useful as pharmacological test vehicles. This system will be used to explore the phenomenon of adrenergic beta-2 receptor desensitization in airway smooth muscle, to attempt to localize these receptor sites and to determine how receptor affinity and/or number may be regulating cell response to pharmacologic agents. PMID- 7270933 TI - Human seminal biochemistry: fructose, ascorbic acid, citric acid, acid phosphatase and their relationship with sperm count. AB - Seminal concentration of fructose, ascorbic acid, citric acid and acid phosphatase were measured in azoospermic, oligozoospermic and control males. No significant differences were found among the groups evaluated. The data obtained in the present study suggest that in the absence of infection and androgen deficiency, the failure of the germinal line of the testis is not correlated with alterations of the adnexal glands. PMID- 7270934 TI - Effect of varicocele on sperm respiration and metabolism. AB - Semen samples from 41 infertile male patients (30 with varicocele and 11 controls) were examined, lactic and pyruvic acids were measured and the oxygen consumption was determined. Decreased sperm count, diminished motility, decreased lactic acid concentration and oxygen consumption were noticed among the varicocele patients as compared to controls. Pyruvic acid concentration was slightly increased in the varicocele group. It was concluded that a decrease in lactic dehydrogenase activity may be one of the abnormalities in the semen of varicocele patients. PMID- 7270935 TI - [Anaesthesia by althesin-fentanyl in continuous infusion. One hundred fifteen cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270936 TI - [Anaesthesia with a constant rate perfusion of methohexital-fentanyl in neuro radiological investigation (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-one patients undergoing neuro-radiological investigations were anesthetized by methohexital-fentanyl association. Induction of anesthesia was performed by I. V. bolus of these two agents. Anesthesia was maintained by a constant rate perfusion of methohexital and fentanyl, prepared according to body weight. Posology can be reduced hourly by modifying the perfusion rate. First hour: methohexital 2 mg/kg/hour fentanyl 5 microgram/kg/hour; second hour: methohexital 0.4 mg/kg/hour, fentanyl 2 microgram/kg/hour; third hour: methohexital 0,4 mg/kg/hour, fentanyl 1 microgram/kg/hour. If necessary this dosage was modified according to isolate reactions and thus total real consumption was 25 to 30 p. cent higher to estimated theoretical requirements. This protocol of anesthesia with controlled ventilation was well cardiocirculatory tolerated and adapted to these radiological investigations. PMID- 7270940 TI - [Immunological safety of blood transfusions. Present state of the problem (author's transl)]. AB - Immunological safety of red blood cell transfusions implies both prevention of hemolytic reactions and prevention of red cell alloimmunization. A review of clinical, etiologic and immunohematological aspects of hemolytic hazards of blood transfusion is presented and the main conclusions regarding their prevention are emphasized. Appropriate measures to prevent red cell alloimmunization are outlined in the light of known variables which contribute to alloantibody formation. Prophylactic measures are suggested to be focused on the one hand on the most immunogenic red cell antigens, c, E, K. and on the other hand on the high risk individuals, young women and multitransfused patients. PMID- 7270938 TI - [Transfer of CO after prolonged artificial ventilation (18 young people after their stay in the neuro-surgery department) (author's transl)]. AB - We studied the transfer of CO (TLCO) on 18 young people after their stay in the neuro-surgery department, during which they had been submitted to prolonged artificial ventilation. The values of TLCO measured after the single breath method and that of the steady state are all reduced. No statistical correlation has been brought to light between the length of artificial ventilation, or the FiO2 and the lowering of TLCO, or between the seriousness of the pulmonary complications which occurred and the disturbance of the pulmonary function test. To explain the change of the alveolo-capillary diffusion, different factors can be brought in, such as: artificial ventilation, the toxicity of oxygen, the adult respiratory distress syndrome, but also the presence of brain lesions which by reflex artery, modify the local hemodynamic conditions and the surfactant synthesis. PMID- 7270937 TI - [Circadian rhythms of cortisol in burns (author's transl)]. AB - Circadian rhythms of cortisol were studied in 10 patients. This study was made shortly after the burn and for a short period of one or two days maximum in 9 patients. Blood level measurements of cortisone were made in 4 patients. 7 patients died. The analysis of circadian rhythm was made with a computer (methode de regression harmonique combinee a une analyse de variance). The results are deceiving: there are qualitative and quantitative disturbances but we could not give a significance to them, each patient reacting differently. In one case, a drop of cortisol to 0 was observed and the patient died, this observation shows the development of corticosurrenal failure. So, one or several measurements do not allow the study of corticosurrenal function which differs in each case. Theoretical appreciations in handbooks on the subject must be tempered. PMID- 7270939 TI - [Comparative analgesic kinetics of fentanyl and droperidol-fentanyl association (author's transl)]. AB - To specify pharmacological interferences between droperidol and fentanyl an experimental study was carried out on mice. The analgesic kinetic was studied after the administration of the two drugs in a concentration ratio between 25/1 and 150/1. RESULTS: Fentanyl is a potent analgesic with a short time effect. It has very good correlations between dose effect and time effect. Droperidol does not have a analgesic effect. The behaviour of the two drugs depends on the way they are administered, either simultaneously or consecutively: simultaneous administration of the two drugs increases the level and duration of analgesia: nalaxone reverses analgesia, a fentanyl injection given 5 minutes before a droperidol injection produces the same analgesia as fentanyl alone, a droperidol injection given 5 minutes before a fentanyl injection induces a level of analgesia lower than fentanyl alone. Droperidol appears to reverse the fentanyl analgesia. PMID- 7270942 TI - [Tracheal tear after selective intubation of the left bronchi with a cuffed Carlens tube (author's transl)]. PMID- 7270941 TI - [Acute pneumonia without pyosis among adults. Outcome of seventy-transtracheal aspirations (author's transl)]. AB - Seventy transtracheal aspirates (T.T.A.) have been achieved with patients having an acute pneumonia; 42 had a chronic respiratory failure; 25 had received a previous antibiotherapy; 49 presented negatives delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions. No major accident was noticed and the T.T.A. were positive in 87 p. cent of the cases. The results show the predominance of the Cocci Gram + especially pneumococcus. These cases are associated with Hemophilus influenzae in 19 p. cent of the cases. Negative skin tests show the frequency of this association. Infections with Bacilles Gram -- are found as well in this circumstance. The previous antibiotherapy alters microflora and leads to a B.G. - as well predominance. At last, the evolution is not influenced by the discovery of an organism in the T.T.A. The authors compare the results with those found in previous work and conclude in the interest of that method which enable a quick identification of the organism and the starting of a well adapted antibiotherapy. PMID- 7270943 TI - [Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy following brief periods of intubation. Two cases (author's transl)]. AB - One of these two cases (1 h 30 and 48 hours) was permanent. The cause of the paralysis seems to be either from compression of the nerve between the endotracheal tube cuff and the cricoid, or from compression between the thyroid ala and a dislocated arytenoid cartilage from use of an unnecessarily large tube. An anatomical study has helped to confirm this hypothesis and shows the presence of an ischaemic aera overlying the nerve at the level of its entrance into the larynx due to the endotracheal cuff. PMID- 7270944 TI - [Anaphylactoid shocks induced by infusion of a modified gelatin. Six cases (author's transl)]. AB - One of these shocks occurred in course of a rapid infusion in a patient in whom catheters were previously inserted. So, an hemodynamic study was possible. This study shows a peripheral vasodilatation leading to a decrease of preload and cardiac output, and finally to a systemic hypotension which generally raises the alarm. These cases are the first anaphylactoid shocks reported after an infusion of modified gelatin. They demonstrate the general risk of anaphylactoid shock with all types of colloids. PMID- 7270947 TI - Another point of view on intermittent hypoxia. PMID- 7270945 TI - [Ventilation perfusion distribution: a program for personal computer (author's transl)]. AB - Ventilation perfusion inequality, is analysed with the help of a program written in Basic language, easily implemented on a personal computer. For a gas exchange unit, the main equation describes a mass balance for oxygen, assuming absence of diffusion barrier. The use of a large number of these units allows for calculation of the resulting arterial PO2 in case of abnormal ventilation blood flow distribution. Several simulations are made to study the effect of local variations of VA/Q ratio, and oxygen inhalation upon arterial PO2. PMID- 7270948 TI - Effects of high-dose fentanyl anesthesia on the electroencephalogram. AB - The purpose of this study was to define the EEG changes produced in humans by fentanyl 30-70 microgram/kg during cardiac surgery. The authors have also assessed awareness in the patients. Thirty-nine patients were studied; oral lorazepam or intramuscular morphine was used as premedication. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous injection of fentanyl over 2 min and the patients were ventilated with either air/O2 (24 patients) or N2O/O2 (15 patients). The EEGs recorded until the start of cardiopulmonary bypass were visually analyzed, classified into EEG stage, and plotted graphically as narcograms. Computerized 3 dimensional power spectral analysis and wide band spectral analysis were carried out on representative EEGs. The EEG effects of fentanyl are consistent and are characterized by high-voltage slow delta waves. Nitrous oxide had no effect on the EEG responses to fentanyl. Computer analysis confirmed the visual interpretation. There was no incidence of awareness. The authors conclude from this study that fentanyl after premedication is a suitable drug for providing unconsciousness, analgesia, and amnesia during cardiac surgery. PMID- 7270946 TI - Narcotic "anesthesia" in the eighties. PMID- 7270949 TI - Epinephrine-induced arrhythmias and cardiovascular function after verapamil during halothane anesthesia in the dog. AB - The antiarrhythmic and cardiovascular effects of the slow channel inhibitor, verapamil, were studied during 1.1 MAC halothane anesthesia in the dog. The control epinephrine arrhythmogenic dose to induce ventricular arrhythmias was 2.58 +/- 0.77 microgram . kg-1 . min-1 (mean +/- SEM). Three consecutive doses of 0.2 mg/kg verapamil each elevated the dose of epinephrine required to produce a ventricular arrhythmia to 5.17 +/- 1.27, 8.07 +/- 1.85, and 12.03 +/- 2.76 microgram . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, all of which were significantly elevated above the control value of the preceding values. A second group of dogs, unperturbed by epinephrine, received the same sequence of verapamil doses at similar time intervals for evaluation of effects on cardiovascular function and atrioventricular conduction. Heart rate remained unchanged. Mean arterial pressure decreased maximally by 37 per cent of control, left ventricular dP/dt by 24 per cent, and systemic vascular resistance by 51 per cent. These effects were transient with recovery times up to one hour. Central venous pressure increased by 44 per cent and left ventricular end diastolic pressure by 27 per cent, while PR interval was prolonged by 40 per cent. Thus, verapamil raised the dose of epinephrine required to elicit a ventricular arrhythmia during halothane anesthesia promptly and cumulatively. At the same time verapamil produced transient peripheral vasodilation, direct depression of myocardial contractility, and prolongation of atrioventricular conduction time that was not cumulative at the intervals studied. PMID- 7270951 TI - Inhibition of cerebral oxygen and glucose consumption in the dog by hypothermia, pentobarbital, and lidocaine. AB - The effect of lidocaine, 160 mg/kg, and pentobarbital, 40 mg/kg, on cerebral oxygen and glucose consumption was examined at brain temperatures of 37 degrees C, 28 degrees C, and 18 degrees C. Cerebral metabolic rate was measured in dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass circulation by using the sagittal sinus outflow technique. When studied separately, both drugs suppressed synaptic transmission and inhibited metabolism, and a maximum effect was obtained when the EEG became flat. Using halothane 1-1.5 per cent as the control condition, this function metabolism coupled inhibition was about 30 per cent. When the drugs were studied in combination, it was found that when lidocaine was given after pentobarbital, it caused an additional metabolic inhibition of 15-20 per cent, while pentobarbital given after lidocaine had no effect. It is concluded that pentobarbital has no inhibitory effect on cerebral metabolism in the absence of synaptic activity, while lidocaine--in addition to the effect related to suppression of synaptic transmission--has a specific "membrane stabilizing" effect. In analogy to its local anesthetic action, lidocaine blocks the Na+ channels and restricts the Na+-K+ leak fluxes. The load on the ion pump is reduced and metabolism is decreased accordingly. This specific effect on lidocaine was evident also at brain temperatures of 28 degrees C and 18 degrees C. The study supports the possibility that lidocaine, like hypothermia, may provide protection for the ischemic brain. PMID- 7270950 TI - Increase in extracellular potassium in the brain during circulatory arrest: effects of hypothermia, lidocaine, and thiopental. AB - The effect of temperature (37 degrees C, 28 degrees C, and 18 degrees C), 160 mg/kg lidocaine, and 40 mg/kg thiopental on the efflux of cellular potassium in the cerebral cortex during complete global ischemia was examined. Cerebral ischemia was induced in dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass circulation by stopping the pump. Potassium concentration was measured on the brain surface by a valino mycine-membrane electrode, which in its response corresponded well to an inserted microelectrode. Hypothermia reduced the ischemic potassium efflux rate to about 50 per cent at 28 degrees C, and about 25 per cent at 18 degrees C. At all temperature levels lidocaine caused an additional reduction in the potassium efflux rate of about 50 per cent, probably by reducing membrane ion permeability in accordance with its local anesthetic action. Thiopental had no effect on the potassium efflux during ischemia. This study opens the possibility that lidocaine, like hypothermia, may provide protection of the ischemic brain. PMID- 7270952 TI - The effects of lidocaine on the whole body distribution of radioactively labeled microspheres in the conscious rat. AB - Radioactively labeled 15-micrometer microspheres were used to evaluate the effects of intravenous lidocaine on cardiac output and distribution of tissue blood flow in awake rats. After a one-hour control period, all animals (n = 22) received 85Sr-labeled microspheres for a control measurement. The animals were then divided into three groups. The control group (n = 6) received a bolus of saline and then an infusion of saline. After 40 minutes, a second microsphere (141Ce) was injected, the animals killed, and tissue blood flow determined. A second group of rats (n = 8) were similarly treated except that they received a bolus and infusion of lidocaine resulting in a plasma concentration of 1.98 +/- 0.3 microgram of lidocaine/ml. A third group of rats (n = 8) received a higher dose of lidocaine which resulted in a plasma concentration of 6.37 +/- 0.3 microgram of lidocaine/ml. In the control and low-dose lidocaine group, there were no changes in blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output or tissue blood flow. At the higher lidocaine concentration, blood pressure remained the same but cardiac output and heart rate were decreased. Tissue blood flow to brain, heart and muscle was responsible for the increased peripheral resistance. These results suggest that high blood concentrations of lidocaine alter flow to vital organs in the rat. PMID- 7270953 TI - Effects of bupivacaine and lidocaine on AV conduction in the isolated rat heart: modification by hyperkalemia. AB - The intrinsic cardiotoxicities of bupivacaine and lidocaine were examined in the isolated, perfused rat heart. The perfusates contained no protein and were equilibrated with a gas mixture of 95 per cent O2 and 5 per cent CO2. Autonomic activity, competitive binding, and postseizure hypoxia and acidosis were absent in this experimental model. The effects of the two local anesthetics were evaluated at normokalemia (5.9 mEq/l) and hyperkalemia (9.0 mEq/l). For normokalemia, the ratio of the potency of bupivacaine to that of lidocaine was 14 for slowing ventricular rate to 50 per cent of control, 6 for slowing atrial rate to 50 per cent of control, and 17 for doubling of the PR interval. The action of bupivacaine to slow ventricular rate was due to an inhibitory effect on both AV conduction and atrial rate. For lidocaine, ventricular slowing was mediated mainly by an inhibition of atrial rate with decreased AV conduction playing a minor role. Hyperkalemia of 9.0 mEq/l had little effect on heart rate or AV conduction in the absence of bupivacaine or lidocaine. It did, however, greatly potentiate the effect of both local anesthetics to slow ventricular rate. For bupivacaine, ventricular slowing to 50 per cent of control during hyperkalemia was accomplished almost entirely via an inhibition of AV conduction, while for lidocaine it occurred because of inhibition of both AV conduction and atrial rate. Regardless of the mechanism, hyperkalemia of this degree increased the ventricular slowing effect of both bupivacaine and lidocaine. PMID- 7270954 TI - Influence of ketamine anesthesia on cardiac output and tissue perfusion in rats subjected to hemorrhage. AB - Ketamine anesthesia has been considered suitable for use in patients suffering from acute hypovolemia. Using a microsphere technique, fractional distribution of cardiac output and tissue perfusion were determined in rats subjected to moderate (10 ml/kg), or severe (bled to 60 torr systolic arterial pressure) hemorrhage. In the moderate bleeding bleeding experiments, rats under ketamine anesthesia were compared to awake rats as well as to awake normovolemic rats. In the severe bleeding experiments, rats under ketamine anesthesia were compared to rats under barbiturate anesthesia. Following moderate bleeding the ketamine group had a significantly large cardiac output and higher arterial pressure than the unanesthetized group. There were no major differences in the fractional distribution of cardiac output, although tissue perfusion in the ketamine group was significantly larger in heart, kidneys, skin, and small intestine. The shed blood volume necessary to reach 60 torr in systolic arterial pressure was 36 per cent of normal blood volume in the ketamine group, and 23 per cent in the barbiturate group. In spite of the greater blood loss, rats under ketamine anesthesia displayed significantly larger cardiac output and a higher elevation of arterial pressure 20 min after the hemorrhage. In the ketamine group, fractional distribution of cardiac output favored the internal organs as opposed to an increase in the carcass in the barbiturate group. The ketamine anesthetized rats had a significantly larger perfusion to most organs, including heart, kidneys, and brain. It is concluded from this study that in rats experiencing acute hypovolemia blood flow to vital organs and cardiac output are well maintained under ketamine anesthesia. PMID- 7270956 TI - Halothane requirement during pregnancy and lactation in rats. AB - Near-term pregnancy is associated with a decrease in the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for halothane in ewes. Although increased progesterone levels might account for this change, a correlation between MAC and the known variations of progesterone levels which occur throughout gestation and the postpartum period has not been performed. Therefore, MAC for halothane was determined in nonpregnant, 10 days pregnant, term, and postpartum lactating rats. MAC values were significantly decreased by 19 per cent on the tenth day of pregnancy, and by 16 per cent at term, but they returned to control values 5 days postpartum. These changes did not correlate with the known changes in progesterone levels during pregnancy and lactation, and the authors conclude that progesterone is not responsible for the reduction in halothane MAC. PMID- 7270955 TI - Bypass blood flow during carotid endarterectomy. AB - The relationship of bypass shunt blood flow to arterial pressure and stump pressure was studied in 12 informed patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. These patients were anesthetized with halothane plus nitrous oxide. Systemic arterial blood pressure was measured with a radial artery catheter, and stump pressure as well as distal shunt pressure (carotid pressure distal to the shunt) were measured with a 25-gauge needle inserted cephalad to the bypass shunt. From the pressure drop across the bypass shunt, blood viscosity, geometry of the bypass tubing and the use of Poiseullie's law, the shunt blood flow can be calculated. The calculated shunt flow shows a close correlation with the difference between arterial pressure and stump pressure (r = 0.91) as well as with the slope of arterial pressure increase following carotid occlusion (r = 0.82); but it is poorly correlated with the stump pressure. Administration of 100 ml low molecular weight dextran solution does not improve the shunt blood flow, whereas 500 ml low molecular weight dextran significantly decreases blood viscosity. The patency of the carotid artery as assessed by angiogram does not give a proper indication of the need for a bypass shunt. The shunt flow as well as the need of such a shunt might be predicted by the use of the difference of arterial pressure and stump pressure. If the slope of arterial pressure increases rapidly following carotid occlusion, it can also be used to determine the necessity of such a shunt. PMID- 7270957 TI - An anaphylactic reaction to protamine in a patient allergic to fish. PMID- 7270958 TI - Intraocular pressure after transurethral prostatic surgery. PMID- 7270959 TI - Hemodynamics, plasma histamine, and catecholamine concentrations during an anaphylactoid reaction to morphine. PMID- 7270960 TI - Endotracheal tube is not necessary for laryngeal microsurgery. PMID- 7270962 TI - Radial artery catheter replacement. PMID- 7270961 TI - ASA brochure on waste anesthetic gases fails to consider prevention. PMID- 7270963 TI - Central action of spinal opiates. PMID- 7270964 TI - Two new drugs improve anesthetic management in obstetrics. PMID- 7270968 TI - [Principles for correcting the rheologic properties of blood]. PMID- 7270967 TI - [Plasma lithium concentration in traumatology surgery with intraosseous anesthesia combined with neuroleptoanalgesia]. PMID- 7270965 TI - [Craniocerebral hypothermia in surgery of congenital heart defects]. PMID- 7270969 TI - [Surgical medical monitoring and problems in the automated diagnosis of hypovolemia in the immediate postoperative period]. PMID- 7270966 TI - [Mechanomyographic technic for evaluating the type and degree of neuromuscular block]. PMID- 7270970 TI - [Computer-based monitoring in the process of diagnosing and correcting hemodynamic disorders in the first few hours after open heart surgery]. PMID- 7270971 TI - [Hypoxic states and their classification]. PMID- 7270972 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on tissue metabolism indices in patients with acute heart failure]. PMID- 7270974 TI - [Outcome of resuscitation after clinical death from blood loss]. PMID- 7270973 TI - [Changes in the water compartments of the body, capillary permeability, and microcirculation in the postoperative period of oncologic patients]. PMID- 7270976 TI - [Use of obsidan in the early post-traumatic period]. PMID- 7270975 TI - [Clinical value of determining digoxin concentration in the immediate postoperative period]. PMID- 7270978 TI - [Homeostatic indices in peritonitis following specific correction of microcirculatory disorders]. PMID- 7270977 TI - [Effectiveness of complete blood replacement of circulating blood in experimental acute liver failure]. PMID- 7270980 TI - [Pulmonary circulation based on rheopulmographic and polycardiographic findings following ultrasonic thrombarterectomy]. PMID- 7270979 TI - [Effect of bronchiolytics on respiratory mechanics in the postoperative period]. PMID- 7270981 TI - [Selection of optimal end-expiratory positive pressure during artificial ventilation after mitral and aortic valve prosthesis]. PMID- 7270982 TI - [Use of radioisotope renography in intensive care in traumatology]. PMID- 7270983 TI - [Relation between the type of general anesthesia and postoperative liver function of patients with neoplasms of the large intestine]. PMID- 7270984 TI - Albuterol syrup in the treatment of the young asthmatic child. AB - Albuterol (salbutamol) syrup was studied in 14 asthmatic children (three to six years of age) in a four-week, double-blind, crossover (with placebo) trial to determine efficacy, safety and tolerance. Albuterol was found to be more effective as evaluated by measurements of symptom scores (p less than .01) daily WPF meter (p less than .01) and need for additional medications. Albuterol provided a significant (p less than .01) increase in FEV1 and FEF 25%-75% over three hours. Clinically unimportant effects on heart rate, personality and tremors were noted in most subjects. The authors conclude that albuterol syrup is effective and safe in the young asthmatic. PMID- 7270985 TI - The effects of weekly versus monthly ragweed allergen injections on immunological parameters. AB - The practice of administering injections of allergen extract at weekly intervals until maintenance levels are achieved is well established. However, no objective data exist to determine the optimal frequency of immunotherapy during the first few years after reaching maintenance therapy. Nine patients who had reached maintenance immunotherapy within the preceding year participated in a double blind, crossover study to compare the effects of weekly versus monthly injections of ragweed antigen. The results were assessed by measurements of skin, nasal and conjunctival sensitivity to ragweed and serum levels of IgG and IgE antibodies specific for ragweed--all obtained at monthly intervals. There was a significant increase (P less than .05) in serum ragweed IgG levels when the subjects were receiving weekly injections as compared to monthly injections. There was also a definite trend toward decreased skin and conjunctival sensitivity to ragweed while receiving weekly injections. These data lend immunologic support to the practice of administering weekly injections during the pollen season in the first few years of allergy immunotherapy. PMID- 7270986 TI - Anaphylactic reaction after ingestion of local bee pollen. AB - A patient is presented who experienced an anaphylactic reaction after ingesting locally produced bee pollen to treat his spring hay fever. Evaluation revealed the patient to be extremely sensitive to mesquite pollen, a major component of the bee pollen he ingested. Passive transfer skin testing and neutralization techniques suggested that the mesquite pollen was the allergen which caused his anaphylactic reaction. Four other allergic patients were known to have systemic reactions after taking bee pollen. The patients received no warning that the bee pollen was potentially dangerous to an allergic person. It is recommended that vendors of bee pollen be required to alert allergic patients about possible risks. PMID- 7270988 TI - Angioedema associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome. PMID- 7270987 TI - Anaphylactic reaction to fiber glass. PMID- 7270989 TI - The effect of commonly used extracting media on the allergenic composition of cat fur extract. AB - Extracts of cat fur prepared in 50% glycero-saline and Coca's solution were found to be very similar in biological activity and protein composition when measured by RAST and by analytical isoelectricfocussing, respectively. Pyridinated cat fur extracts were found to differ significantly from the Coca's and glycero-saline extract by these techniques. PMID- 7270990 TI - Skin test sensitivity to Acacia pollen in Brazil. AB - A total of 36 patients with asthma and/or rhinitis were evaluated for the presence of allergy skin sensitivity to Acacia pollen in Brazil (eastern and southern regions). Only four patients showed mild intradermal skin test reactions to Acacia pollen extract (1,000 PNU/ml). Despite being largely distributed in those regions, Acacia pollen is not an important allergen involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory atopy in Brazil. PMID- 7270991 TI - Atopic skin test re-evaluated. IX. Identity of pollen extracts of four grass species. AB - With a perfected technique of skin testing it was impossible to demonstrate any significant difference in skin reactivity to pollen extracts deriving from four grass species. When pollen allergen from three grass species were used, The RAST test results did not differ from duplicate values either. PMID- 7270992 TI - Atopy in medical students. AB - Personal and immediate family histories of symptomatic atopy (asthma, eczema or allergic rhinitis) and reactivities on allergen skin prick testing were assessed in 165 medical students. Over-all, 43.0% showed a positive skin prick test to one or more allergens, 32.7% had symptomatic atopy and 55.8% had positive immediate family histories. Although the over-all incidence of skin prick test atopy is comparable with previously reported studies, the prevalence of personal and family symptomatic atopy is high in this population, especially in the female students who were significantly more likely than the males to have atopic symptoms and immediate family histories of atopic symptoms. PMID- 7270993 TI - Acute organic brain syndrome: a review of 100 cases. AB - A retrospective review of 100 admissions to Denver General Hospital with a diagnosis of acute organic brain syndrome was conducted. A total of 44% of the patients were found to have a chronic organic brain syndrome with a superimposed acute insult which caused decompensation. The other 56% of patients developed acute organic brain syndromes de novo for a variety of reasons. The most common etiologic factors producing decompensation of the chronic OBS were infections (in 23%) and environmental changes (in 17%). The most common etiologic factor causing AOBS de novo was drug-related. In most cases, a toxicologic screen, lumbar puncture, and CT scan of the brain should be a part of the investigation of any patient with AOBS. PMID- 7270994 TI - Blind nasotracheal intubation. AB - One hundred fifty successive nonapneic patients requiring tracheal intubation had blind nasotracheal intubation performed. The primary indications for intubation were: drug overdose, 54 (36%); head injury, 36 (24%); COPD, 18 (12%); cerebrovascular accident, 15 (10%); congestive heart failure, 11 (7%); and other, 16 (11%). One hundred thirty-eight patients (92%) were successfully intubated using this technique. PMID- 7270995 TI - Knee ligament injuries induced by skiing. AB - The total injury experience for a ski season at Jackson Hole, Wyoming indicates that 24% of all patient visits were for ligamentous injuries to the knee. First degree sprains of the medial collateral ligament predominated, with 61.5% of all knee sprains occurring on the left side. Heavy, deep, unpacked snow conditions may predispose to this type of injury, and modern ski bindings may be unable to protect skiers from knee ligament problems. Pre-ski conditioning and proper technique appear to be the best defense. PMID- 7270996 TI - Subdiaphragmatic pressure to expel water from the lungs of drowning persons. AB - The Schafer artificial respiration method, which compressed the lungs to expel water, was abandoned in 1958 when mouth-to-mouth ventilation became the primary resuscitation method. Water thus remained in the lungs, making mouth-to-mouth ineffectual for treating drowning. Subdiaphragmatic pressure (Heimlich Maneuver) effectively evacuates water from the lungs by elevating the diaphragm and compressing the lungs. The method is safe because it eliminates compression of the rib cage. The first step in resuscitating a drowning person should be subdiaphragmatic pressure repeated until water ceases to flow from the mouth. PMID- 7270997 TI - Evaluating and managing the violent patient. AB - Emergency department personnel frequently encounter violent patients. Effective management depends on early recognition of clues of potential violence and a response that will defuse the threat. The author presents an evaluation schema which emphasizes diagnostic categories and behavior as predictors of violence. A specific hierarchy of treatment intervention is proposed, with special emphasis on the interpersonal dynamics between staff and patient. The author also discusses general steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of violence in an emergency department setting. PMID- 7270998 TI - Corticosteroids in treatment of serious decompression sickness. AB - Although high-dose corticosteroids have been widely recommended as an adjunctive measure in the treatment of serious decompression sickness, there are few objective data to support their efficacy in this disease. An unusual case of neurological decompression sickness which seemed to demonstrate a therapeutic response to steroids independent of recompression is presented. The various manifestations of decompression sickness and the effectiveness of delayed treatment are discussed. PMID- 7270999 TI - Coins in the esophagus: two for the price of one. AB - A case of coin obstruction of the esophagus is presented. A seven-year-old child presented with a history of accidental coin ingestion. Radiographs displayed a coin impacted in the esophagus at the thoracic inlet. After endoscopic removal, a follow-up film demonstrated a second coin in the same location, which had been exactly superimposed over the first. PMID- 7271000 TI - Management of a vaginal foreign body. AB - A case is presented of a vaginal foreign body. A drinking glass was inserted in the vagina of an intoxicated patient by her irate lover. Infection followed. The emergency care is described, including the method of extraction of the object, along with discussion of the principles involved and associated complications. PMID- 7271002 TI - Hepatitis A in homosexual men. PMID- 7271001 TI - Treatment of gonococcal proctitis. PMID- 7271003 TI - Shoulder injury requires evaluation of distal circulation. PMID- 7271004 TI - Canine axial pattern flaps, using the omocervical, thoracodorsal, and deep circumflex iliac direct cutaneous arteries. AB - Development of skin flaps, incorporating a direct cutaneous artery and vein, enable the developing of flaps of considerable dimension without the necessity of a delay procedure. Landmarks and guidelines for the development of axial pattern flaps are demonstrated, using the cervical cutaneous branch of the omocervical artery and vein, the thoracodorsal artery and vein, and the deep circumflex iliac artery and vein. These 3 axial pattern flaps have potential use for the rapid, safe restoration of extensive cutaneous defects involving the facial area, pinna, neck, shoulder, forelimb, axillary area, thorax, inguinal area, lateral thigh, and trochanteric areas in the dog. PMID- 7271005 TI - Pathologic alterations in congestive cardiomyopathy of dogs. AB - Eleven large-breed dogs with congestive cardiomyopathy were studied at necropsy. Seven of 11 dogs were Great Dane and 9 of 11 were male. The most common clinical signs in affected dogs were dyspnea, abdominal distention by ascites, and weight loss. Three dogs had severe congestive cardiac failure. At necropsy, gross alterations in the hearts were cardiomegaly, dilation of all chambers, opacity of the endocardium, atrial thrombosis, and disseminated foci of myocardial necrosis. Extracardiac changes included hepatic congestion, pulmonary congestion and edema, ascites, and infarction of kidney, liver, lung, and spleen. Microscopically, the affected hearts had disseminated foci of subendocardial myocardial necrosis, scattered areas of myocardial fibrosis, and medial hyperplasia of intramyocardial arteries. Ultrastructurally, degenerated cardiac muscle cells had myocytolysis, proliferated elements of sarcoplasmic reticulum, numerous myelin figures and autophagic vacuoles, large numbers of lipofuscin granules, and mitochondrial alterations. These ultrastructural alterations are similar to those described for cardiomyopathy in persons and cats. PMID- 7271006 TI - Comparative anthelmintic efficacy of two schedules of mebendazole treatment in dogs. AB - Two schedules of anthelmintic oral treatment, using mebendazole powder, were compared in 73 dogs naturally infected with common helminth intestinal parasites. Mebendazole powder was administered to 26 dogs at doses of 22 mg/kg once daily for 3 days and was compared with the same dose given only daily for 5 days into 23 dogs. The 24 other dogs were kept as controls and received a placebo treatment for 5 days. Efficacy results for the 3-day treatment schedule of mebendazole were as follows: Toxocara canis, 100%; Uncinaria stenocephala, 100%; Ancylostoma caninum, 99.4%; Trichuris vulpis, 100%; and Taenia pisiformis, 93.9%. Mebendazole powder given on the 5-day treatment schedule was 100% efficacious against the foregoing parasites. Anthelmintic efficacy against Dipylidium caninum was not detected in either schedule of treatment. PMID- 7271007 TI - Regional histochemical and thickness variations of adult canine articular cartilage. PMID- 7271009 TI - Shedding of Treponema hyodysenteriae, transmission of disease, and agglutinin response to pigs convalescent from swine dysentery. AB - Fecal shedding of Treponema hyodysenteriae, transmission of disease, and humoral antibody production against the large spirochete were evaluated in pigs convalescent from experimentally induced swine dysentery. Untreated pigs (n = 21) and 5 pigs that had been treated with virginiamycin were included in the study. Treponema organisms were culturally detected in the feces of 2 untreated pigs as long as 70 and 71 days, and in the feces of 1 treated pig as long as 83 days after the last clinical evidence of disease. Of 8 convalescent pigs that intermittently discharged T hyodysenteriae in their feces, 4 transmitted clinical disease to exposed susceptible pigs. One of the convalescent animals has been free of clinical signs of disease for 57 days before introduction of the susceptible pigs. Treated and untreated convalescent pigs developed similarly elevated agglutinin titers that were maintained as long as 150 days after infection. There was no apparent correlation between the frequency or duration of fecal shedding of the spirochetes and the magnitude of the agglutinin titers of the convalescent pigs. PMID- 7271008 TI - Lasalocid and monensin in finishing diets for early weaned lambs with naturally occurring coccidiosis. AB - Early weaned male crossbred lambs (n = 90) with an average weight of 14 kg were used in 6 groups to evaluate the efficacy of monensin (22 mg/g of feed) and lasalocid (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of feed) on naturally occurring coccidiosis. Average 24-hour oocyst output at the start of the experiment ranged from 5.7 x 10(6) to 156.7 x 10(6) for monensin-treated and 100-mg lasalocid treated groups, respectively. Monensin and lasalocid were effective against Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae of E ahsata. To day 103, body weight gains were similar for the 4 groups fed lasalocid (336 g/day) and averaged 6% higher (P greater than 0.05) than did gains in control and monensin-treated lambs. Feed efficacy averaged 9% higher (P less than 0.05) for lambs fed 25, 50, and 100 mg of lasalocid/kg of feed and 7% higher (P greater than 0.05) for lambs fed monensin and 12.5 mg of lasalocid/kg of feed. There were no treatment effects on digestibility, although lasalocid tended to increase (P greater than 0.05) crude protein digestibility (values were higher on day 76 than on day 28). Lasalocid and monensin were potent manipulators of rumen fermentation. Increasing the amount of lasalocid in the feed was associated with successive increases (P less than 0.05) in molar proportions of propionic acid and decreases (P less than 0.05) in acetic acid. Lasalocid and monensin controlled naturally occurring coccidiosis and improved performance in early weaned lambs (45 days old) under feedlot conditions. PMID- 7271010 TI - Toxic effects of lasalocid in horses. AB - Lasalocid was given to horses in a series of sequentially increasing single oral doses ranging between 5 and 30 mg/kg of body weight, with an appropriate washout period between treatments. One of the 5 horses died after a dosage of 15 mg/kg, 1 of 3 horses died after 21 mg/kg, 1 of 3 horses died after 22 mg/kg, and 1 of 2 horses died after 26 mg/kg. The LD50 of lasalocid for horses was estimated to be 21.5 mg/kg. Monensin was given to horses in a similar manner at dosages of 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg of body weight. One of the 2 horses died after a dosage of 2 mg/kg and 1 horse died after a dosage of 3 mg/kg. The clinical signs of toxicosis observed in horses given either drug were progressive and included depression, ataxia, paresis, and paralysis with partial anorexia. Intermittent profuse sweating was observed before death in horses given monensin. PMID- 7271011 TI - Experimental infection of bovine mammary glands with Streptococcus uberis during the nonlactating period. PMID- 7271012 TI - Boron content of plasma and urine as indicators of boron intake in cattle. AB - Yearling beef heifers were offered drinking water (0.8 mg of B/L of water) to which 0, 15, 30, 60, or 120 mg of B/L of water was added for 10-day periods. Feed and water consumption were unaffected by treatments. There were no overt signs of toxicosis. Increased B ingestion increased plasma and urine B concentrations. The percentage of renally filtered B that was excreted was increased with the 30, 60, and 120 mg of B/L of water treatments, and B clearance exceeded endogenous creatinine clearance with these treatments. Ingesting increased amounts of B was associated with decreased plasma PO4(-3) concentration and increased renal clearance and urinary excretion of PO4(-3). The B status of cattle can be predicted from plasma or urine B concentrations. Results indicated that prediction can be made from the B/creatinine ratio of urine. With an induced urine sample, the equation for predicting B ingestion is Y = -67.79 + 976.74X - 141.91X2 (r = 0.96; Syx = 121.57) where Y is B in milligrams per 100 kg of body weight per day, and X is the ratio of urine B (mg/L of urine) to creatinine (mg/L of urine). PMID- 7271014 TI - Inhibition of gastric hydrochloric acid secretions in the rat given Ostertagia ostertagi (a gastric parasite of cattle) extract. AB - The immersion of freshly collected Ostertagia ostertagi adults into saline solution (NaCl, 0.9%; pH 1.0) resulted in 100% mortality of worms within a 10 minute period. At pH 7.0, mortality was 58% after 270 minutes. At pH 2.2, which approximates the usual abomasal pH, 100% mortality resulted within 60 minutes. In the stomach of rats injected with an extract of O ostertagi (from the abomasum of cattle), there were decreased total secretion of hydrogen ions and volume of secretion (P less than 0.05) and increased mean pH of gastric secretion (P less than 0.05). These effects were similar to those found in stomach of rats treated with cimetidine. Results indicated that the pH of the abomasum was detrimental to parasitic survival and that hypochlorhydria found during ostertagiosis may be mediated partially by a chemical released from the parasite. PMID- 7271013 TI - Influence of parenteral administration of mineral oil adjuvant in parturient cattle on immunoglobulin secretion in colostrum and milk. PMID- 7271015 TI - Blood concentrations of beta hydroxybutyrate in clinically normal Holstein Friesian herds and in those with a high prevalence of clinical ketosis. AB - Statistical parameters necessary for the comparison of herd blood beta hydroxybutyrate (HB) concentration means with HB concentrations in the general population were determined in 11 clinically normal herds of Holstein-Friesian cows. These parameters were then used to compare clinically normal cows from 2 Holstein-Friesian herds experiencing a high prevalence of clinical ketosis with the normal population. Blood HB concentration means were compared with plasma glucose concentration means for their relative value as predictors of clinical ketosis prevalence within a herd. Blood HB concentration values were distributed approximately log normal and were directly related to amount of milk production. Herds with a high prevalence of clinical ketosis had blood HB log means higher (P less than 0.01) and glucose means lower (P less than 0.05) than did the normal population. Herd blood HB log means should be determined on 7 or more animals within specified production groups. When these means exceed the normal population log mean by more than 1 SD, susceptible cows in the herd may be at increased risk for the development of clinical ketosis. Blood HB log means may be of greater value than are plasma glucose concentration means for the prediction of herd ketosis prevalence. PMID- 7271016 TI - Comparative lymphocyte stimulation studies on whole blood from vaccinated and nonvaccinated cattle with paratuberculosis. AB - The lymphocyte stimulation test was evaluated in the diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis, using whole blood samples from cattle. These samples were incubated with a purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Samples from vaccinated and nonvaccinated cattle from paratuberculosis-free herds and from paratuberculous herds were used. Vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups from the paratuberculous herds each included fecal culture-positive cattle, fecal culture-negative cattle, and calves. All groups included some cattle with a stimulation index (SI) greater than or equal to 2, and all groups except 2 of the 4 vaccinated groups had some cattle with a SI less than or equal to 2. In paratuberculosis-free herds, 16% of the nonvaccinated cattle had a SI greater than or equal to 2, and 0.7% had a SI greater than or equal to 4. In paratuberculous herds, 42% of the nonvaccinated cattle that were negative on fecal culture had a SI greater than or equal to 2 and 24% had a SI greater than or equal to 4. Vaccinated cattle greater than 1 year old could not be distinguished from infected cattle by means of the lymphocyte stimulation test. If a SI of 2 or 4 had been used as a basis to cull individual animals, some paratuberculous cattle would have been identified incorrectly as noninfected, and some paratuberculosis-free cattle would have been identified incorrectly as infected. PMID- 7271017 TI - Case-control study of bovine mycoplasmal mastitis in California. PMID- 7271018 TI - Isolation of Moraxella bovis ribosomes and their subsequent use in a vaccine against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. AB - A study was conducted to determine whether a Moraxella bovis ribosomal vaccine would protect calves from infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). Each of 16 calves were given 2 inoculations 21 days apart. Twenty-one days after the 2nd inoculation, 8 of the calves were challenge exposed with a homologous strain culture and 8 calves were challenge exposed to a heterologous strain culture of M bovis. Sedimentation velocity analysis of the ribosomes used in this study indicated that they were mostly 30S and 50S subunits. Chemical assays indicated that the ribosomes were composed of 64% to 65% RNA and 35% to 36% protein. The cesium chloride buoyant density of the ribosomes was 1.62 g/ml. Ribosomes used as antigen gave 1 line of precipitation in a gel-diffusion precipitin test with hyperimmune serum against the whole-cell antigen of the homologous strain of M bovis. The eyes of all the experimentally exposed calves became infected and all calves developed clinical signs of either unilateral or bilateral IBK. None of the sera of the vaccinated calves had detectable precipitins against the ribosomal antigen at the time they were challenge exposed, but most of the sera had precipitins against whole-cell and pilus antigens. The results indicate that M bovis ribosomes, although similar to other bacterial ribosomes, did not protect cattle against IBK. PMID- 7271020 TI - Effect of method of blood sampling on serum creatine kinase concentrations in swine. PMID- 7271019 TI - Technique for reversible vagal blockade in the standing conscious pony. AB - A surgical technique is described for preparation of chronic cervical vagal loops in ponies. Vagal blockade was induced by circulating methanol (-2 C) through coils which enclosed the loops. Vagal blockade increased tidal volume, heart rate, and systemic blood pressure and decreased respiratory rate. Atropine, given at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg IV, increased heart rate and systemic pressure but did not alter respiratory variables, indicating that vagal cooling caused both afferent and efferent blockade. The effects of vagal blockade were rapidly reversed when refrigerated coils were removed. PMID- 7271021 TI - Possible factors influencing immunoglobulin A concentration in swine colostrum. AB - The immunoglobulin (Ig) A concentration in swine colostrum was determined by the single radial immunodiffusion method, using 157 samples collected from the same number of farm-raised sows in the Yamaguchi Prefecture of Japan during 1976 and 1977. The mean IgA value was 12.26 +/- 3.30 mg/ml, and the maximum and minimum values were 28.14 mg/ml and 5.63 mg/ml, respectively. To determine factors influencing the IgA concentration in swine colostrum, the following items were analyzed in the present study: season, district, breed, number of parturitions, udder section from which samples were collected, kind of feed, vaccinations of swine (erysipelas live-organism vaccine, hog cholera live-virus vaccine, Japanese encephalitis live-virus vaccine, and transmissible gastroenteritis live-virus vaccine), type of farming, and number of sows raised on a farm. Relationships between the IgA concentration in swine colostrum and each of these 12 items were analyzed. Of the 12 items, breed and number of parturitions were the most influential on the IgA concentration in colostra of farm-raised sows. Season, district, and vaccination with transmissible gastroenteritis live-virus vaccine were moderately influential. Udder section, kind of feed, vaccinations of swine (erysipelas live-organism vaccine, hog cholera live-virus vaccine, and Japanese encephalitis live-virus vaccine), type of farming, and number of farm-raised sows were slightly influential. The multiple correlation coefficient obtained was 0.5887 (P greater than 0.05). PMID- 7271022 TI - Use of activated charcoal for hemoperfusion in Dutch rabbits. PMID- 7271023 TI - Contributions and needs of animal health and disease research. PMID- 7271024 TI - Anemia of inflammatory disease in the dog: clinical characterization. AB - To characterize the erythroid homeostatic defect in canine inflammatory states, a single dose of Freund's complete adjuvant was injected subcutaneously to simulate naturally occurring infection and inflammation. After a latent period of 5 to 8 days, a generalized noninfectious inflammatory process was observed, followed by abscessation and drainage. This was accompanied by a modest anemia which decreased from base-line values by as much as 30%. In addition, a disordered iron metabolism was evidenced by depressed serum iron concentrations, total iron binding capacity (transferrin), percentage saturation of transferrin, and decreased numbers of bone marrow sideroblasts. Free RBC protoporphyrin concentrations were increased, as were serum copper, zinc, and ceruloplasmin. Bone marrow reticuloendothelial iron and hepatic nonheme iron were increased. Bone marrow myeloid-erythroid ratios were depressed. Throughout the course of the inflammatory period, the anemia remained normocytic and normochromic. A significant reticulocyte response was not observed. PMID- 7271025 TI - Anemia of inflammatory disease in the dog: measurement of hepatic superoxide dismutase, hepatic nonheme iron, copper, zinc, and ceruloplasmin and serum iron, copper, and zinc. AB - Copper and iron are involved in protection of the aerobic cell from highly toxic oxygen by-products, one of which is the superoxide anion-free radical. This protection is associated with a copper-zinc enzyme, superoxide dismutase. Increased hepatic superoxide dismutase activity correlated directly with hepatic nonheme iron, serum zinc, and serum copper concentrations and inversely with hepatic copper, hepatic zinc, and serum iron concentrations (P less than 0.001). Decrease in hepatic ceruloplasmin concentration was correlated with the decrease in hepatic copper concentration (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7271027 TI - Serum biochemical changes in dogs with experimental Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection. AB - Inoculation of 2 groups of dogs with 1 X 10(9) and 4 X 10(9) Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae produced disease varying from transient fever to uremia and death. Clinical signs of disease in the severely affected dogs were fever, dehydration, depression, and icterus. Laboratory changes in serum of infected dogs included increased urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Chloride concentration decreased in the serum of dogs with severe disease. The icterus in the infected dogs did not appear to be related to hemolytic anemia. PMID- 7271028 TI - Efficacy of levamisole against abomasal nematodes and lungworms in dairy calves: preliminary tests indicating reduced activity for Ostertagia ostertagi. AB - Dairy calves (n = 18) were used in controlled tests to evaluate activity of levamisole against abomasal nematodes and lungworms. Two formulations of levamisole, injectable (experiment A) and bolus (experiment B), were given in single doses at rates of 6 mg/kg of body weight and 5.4 to 10.2 mg/kg (5.4, 7.6, 8.0, 8.8, or 10.2 mg/kg), respectively. Experiment A included 4 treated and 4 nontreated calves and experiment B consisted of 5 treated and 5 nontreated calves. Aggregate removals of Ostertagia spp (4th stage), Ostertagi (adult), Trichostrongylus spp (4th stage), and T axei (adult) were 0%, 54%, 86%, and 95%, respectively, for injectable treated calves and were 0%, 23%, no data, and 85%, respectively, for bolus-treated calves. Haemonchus spp, present in small numbers, were completely removed from treated calves in experiment A. Several possible explanations are discussed regarding poor removal activity of levamisole by both formulations against O ostertagi. Removal activity was 95% and 100% against Dictyocaulus viviparus for injectable-treated and bolus-treated calves, respectively. PMID- 7271026 TI - Absorption of volatile fatty acid, Na, and H2O by the colon of the dog. AB - Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were examined in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs 24 and 48 hours after a meal. Small concentrations of VFA were present in the stomach and small intestine. Large concentrations were present in the large intestine at both periods after the meal, but the total quantity was reduced markedly between 24 and 48 hours. Colonic absorption and transport of VFA also were examined with in vitro and in vivo perfusion procedures. Both demonstrate that VFA were rapidly absorbed and that the rate of absorption/cm2 of colonic mucosa ws equivalent to that measured in the pig. In vivo results showed that VFA and Na were absorbed at the same rate, and their absorption showed a parallel increase with a decrease in pH of the perfusate. Absorption of Na and VFA alone could account for osmotic absorption of H2O from the colon. Results indicated that although the total quantity of VFA absorbed by the colon of the dog would be nutritionally insignificant, their absorption is of major importance to normal colonic absorptive processes. PMID- 7271029 TI - Intranasal vaccination of dogs with liver avirulent Bordetella bronchiseptica: correlation of serum agglutination titer and the formation of secretory IgA with protection against experimentally induced infectious tracheobronchitis. AB - Dogs inoculated intranasally with a live avirulent Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine were monitored for the development of resistance to experimentally induced infectious tracheobronchitis (canine cough). Dogs were challenge exposed with a virulent strains of B bronchiseptica at various times after they were vaccinated. Clinical protection was detectable as early as 48 hours. At postvaccination days 4, 5, and 14, 56%, 83%, and 95% protection was observed. Humoral immunoglobulin (Ig) titers ranged from 1:8.6 on day 0 to 1:147 on postvaccination day 21. In the monitoring of B bronchiseptica-specific secretory IgA by indirect immunofluorescence, titers appeared as early as day 4 after vaccination. The IgA titers ranged from 1:16 on day 4 to 1: 1,024 on day 21. The appearance of IgA titers correlated with the development of resistance to clinical infection. PMID- 7271030 TI - Collateral ligaments of the canine stifle joint: anatomic and functional analysis. AB - The anatomic features and functions of the collateral ligaments of the canine stifle joint were investigated, using cadaver specimens. The structure of the collateral ligaments was examined by dissection, with attention given to the spatial relationships existing between the collateral ligaments and their neighboring structures, such as the menisci and joint capsule. The relative tension of the ligaments was determined by identifying the points of attachment with lead markers and taking a series of radiographs of the joint throughout its range of motion. The distance between the points was measured, and the change in length was determined as a function of joint position. Measurements of internal and external rotation, varus angulation, and valgus angulation were made before and after severance of one or both ligaments. The medial collateral ligament was taut in extension, with only the caudal portion of the ligament becoming lax in flexion. The lateral collateral ligament was also taut in extension; however, its entire bulk because lax as the joint was flexed. In extension, the ligaments were primary restraints preventing varus and valgus angulation, and they functioned to limit internal and external rotation of the tibia. In flexion, the cranial portion of the medial collateral ligament remained taut and prevented external rotation of the tibia, whereas the relaxation of the lateral collateral ligament allowed the tibia to rotate internally, with further rotation limited by the cruciate ligaments.U PMID- 7271032 TI - Pharmacokinetics of oxfendazole in sheep. AB - Pharmacokinetics of oxfendazole and its sulfone metabolite were determined in 6 sheep. Oxfendazole achieved mean peak plasma concentrations of 0.76 micrograms/ml at 30 hours after oral administration of oxfendazole (10 mg/kg of body weight), and concentrations were detectable for up to 7 days after administration. Mean peak abomasal concentrations of 3.55 micrograms/ml occurred 20 hours after administration and were detectable up to 9 days after administration. Concentrations of sulfone in plasma and abomasal fluid were generally lower than were those of oxfendazole. PMID- 7271031 TI - Combined pharmacologic and surgical treatments for acute spinal cord trauma. AB - Acute spinal cord trauma was induced by the Allen method at T12 in 48 dogs. Six groups of 7 dogs each were treated with combinations of pharmacologic and surgical treatments; a 7th group of 6 dogs remained as traumatized nontreated controls. Results indicate an additive therapeutic effect in those patients treated with myelotomy and dimethyl sulfoxide. Dexamethasone, reserpine, and perfusion with hypertonic dextrose solution were of no benefit. PMID- 7271033 TI - Pharmacokinetics of fenbendazole in sheep. AB - Concentrations of fenbendazole and its sulfoxide, oxfendazole, and sulfone metabolites were determined in 6 sheep after oral administration of fenbendazole (10 mg/kd of body weight). Mean peak concentrations in plasma of fenbendazole, oxfendazole, and sulfone of 0.15, 0.29, and 0.17 micrograms/ml occurred 24, 30, and 36 hours after administration, respectively. Mean peak concentrations in abomasal fluid were 1.82, 0.66, and 0.07 micrograms/ml occurring at 30, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Fenbendazole and oxfendhzole were detectable in plasma and abomasal fluids for 5 days after administration. Much of the anthelmintic activity of fenbendazole may be due to the oxfendazole metabolite. Plasma concentrations of fenbendazole were less and persisted for a shorter period after intra-abomasal administration than after oral administration. PMID- 7271034 TI - Effect of selenium-vitamin E on hematologic alterations of adriamycin toxicosis in young pigs. AB - In 3 experiments, 45 castrated male weanling pigs (4 to 6 weeks old) were used to determine the hematologic alterations induced by adriamycin (ADR) given IV at 0.64, 1.6, or 3.2 mg/kg of body weight/week. The effect of selenium-vitamin E (Se E) supplements on ADR toxicosis was evaluated. Mortality, decreased survival time, growth depression, leukopenia, and anemia were dose related in ADR-treated pigs. At 0.64 mg of ADR/kg/week for 16 weeks, important clinical or hematologic alterations did not develop. At 1.6 mg of ADR/kg/week for 13 weeks, mortality was 100%, mean survival time ws 65.7 days (min-max, 49 to 92 days), and moderate growth depression and marked leukopenia and anemia were present from weeks 7 to 13. At 3.2 mg of ADR/kg/week for 4 weeks, mortality was 100% and mean survival time was 22.0 days (min-max, 18 to 26 days); marked growth depression, leukopenia, and mild anemia developed (week 4). Cytologic study of smears of bone marrow from pigs that died of ADR toxicosis (3.2 mg/kg/week) revealed marked hypoplasia and evidence of decreased production and increased destruction of erythroid and myeloid cells. Beneficial effect of Se-E supplementation against ADR toxicosis was seen only in the pigs given 1.6 mg/kg/week, where prolonged survival and delayed onset of leukopenia and anemia was observed. PMID- 7271035 TI - Efficacy of fenbendazole against five genera of swine parasites. AB - Thirty-three pigs were sequentially infected with Oesophagostomum spp, Metastrongylus spp, and Trichuris suis while being maintained in lots contaminated with space Ascaris suum, Strongyloides ransomi, and other parasites. Pigs were assigned to 1 of 3 groups on the basis of weight (6.8 to 25.9 kg), sex, and litter. Pigs in the 1st group were used as nontreated controls; pigs in the 2nd and 3rd groups were given fenbendazole in the feed at doses of 3 and 5 mg/kg of body weight, respectively, on 3 successive days. Pigs were necropsied either on the 4th of 5th day after completion of treatment, and worms were recovered and counted. Based on the mean numbers of worms in the control group, drug efficacies at 3 and 5 mg/kg were, respectively, 100% against A suum; 59% and 81% against S ransomi; 97% and 99.9% against Metastrongylus spp; 94% and 99.7% against T suis; and 99.9% against Oesophagostomum spp. PMID- 7271036 TI - Effects of aflatoxin consumption on the clinical course of swine dysentery. AB - Specific-pathogen-free pigs were examined for susceptibility to swine dysentery after daily treatment with aflatoxin B1 (0.07 to 0.14 mg/kg). In the pigs (group II) given both aflatoxin and Treponema hyodysenteriae, the incubation period before the onset of swine dysentery was shorter than that in pigs (group III) given T hyodysenteriae alone. Also, the number of days in which infected pigs showed signs of diarrhea and dysentery was greater in the group given aflatoxin and T hyodysenteriae than in the group given T hyodysenteriae alone. Four of 8 pigs given aflatoxin and T hyodysenteriae died during the experiment, whereas only 1 of 8 infected pigs in the other group died. Pigs in both groups, convalescent from swine dysentery, were immune to rechallenge exposure. Subclinical effects of aflatoxin consumption were evident at necropsy, but clinical signs and lesions of swine dysentery were not observed in group III pigs (given aflatoxin only). PMID- 7271037 TI - Electromyographic evaluation of malignant hyperthermia-susceptible pigs. AB - Electromyography, with the aid of telemetry, was used to examine muscles of 4 young and 4 adult pigs from a genetic line highly susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH) and 4 young pigs (controls) from a line with no history of susceptibility to MH. In the young pigs, the intercostales, vastus lateralis, triceps brachii, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles were examined, whereas in the adult pigs only the latter 3 were examined. Spontaneous electrical activity, such as fibrillation potentials and abnormal insertion activity, was not observed in the electromyograms, indicating that neither denervation nor muscle membrane hyperirritability was associated with MH susceptibility in these pigs. Amplitude and duration of motor unit potentials (MUP) in the young MH susceptible (MHS) pigs were significantly larger (P less than 0.01) and longer (P less than 0.05), respectively, than these values for MUP in the control pigs. These changes are opposite in direction to those expected in a myopathy. The mean values (+/- SD) for amplitude and duration for all muscles were 300 +/- 160 microV and 3.2 +/- 0.7 ms, respectively, in the control pigs and 555 +/- microV and 3.6 +/- 0.3 ms, respectively, in the young MHS pigs. Mean values for amplitude and duration of MUP for the adult MHS pigs were larger than were those for the young MHS pigs, but the differences were not significant (P greater than 0.05). PMID- 7271038 TI - Influence of ration composition and energy balance on blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (ketone) and plasma glucose concentrations of dairy cows in early lactation. AB - The effect of ration composition, with respect to concentrate, crude protein, and methionine hydroxyanalog content, on blood beta-hydroxybutyrate and plasma glucose concentrations was assessed in Holstein cows every 2 weeks over the first 6 weeks of lactation. The correlation of these metabolites with estimated energy balance, and the effects of these ration variables on this correlation were studied. High concentrate diets (60% of dry matter) compared with low concentrate diets (40% of dry matter) increased mean plasma glucose values and reduced mean blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration. Variation in crude protein and methionine hydroxyanalog supplementation did not affect metabolite concentration. The correlations between blood beta-hydroxybutyrate and energy balance and between plasma glucose and energy balance were weak and subject to the influence of variation in ration composition. It was concluded that plasma glucose and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations cannot be used as valid indicators of energy balance. However, it did appear that blood beta-hydroxybutyrate might be used as an indicator of the relative glucogenic potential of dairy rations and that blood concentrations of this metabolite could potentially be used to adjust factors in the ration which influence glucose availability to the cow. PMID- 7271039 TI - Effects of Moraxella bovis vaccination schedules on experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. AB - An oil-adjuvant Moraxella bovis bacterin was administered to weanling calves, using different vaccination schedules. Calves were given a booster vaccination after 3 weeks and were challenge exposed 2 weeks later with virulent M bovis recovered from calves with clinical infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). The effects of different routes of vaccination and homologous and heterologous challenge exposure on the incidence, severity, and duration of induced IBK was evaluated. All calves given a placebo developed clinical IBK. Calves vaccinated subcutaneously in the neck had the shortest duration of M bovis infection, the lowest incidence and the shortest duration of acute IBK, and the lowest disease severity score, compared with effects in calves given a placebo or vaccinated subconjunctivally. Calves challenge exposed with the homologous strain of M bovis had more infected eyes, more eyes with acute IBK, longer duration of infection, and a higher severity and duration disease score. PMID- 7271040 TI - Heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis with bovine immunoglobulin E. AB - Immunoglobulin (Ig) E was detected in sera of cows previously inoculated with ovalbumin in alum or in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Titers greater than 64 were produced by homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions on calf skin, using sera from these cows. This bovine IgE was heat labile. Bovine sera containing IgE were used to examine cross-species reactivity by heterologous PCA. Rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and dogs failed to develop PCA reactions when sensitized by intradermal injections of the bovine IgE and challenge exposed at intervals from 2 to 72 hours later with IV ovalbumin and Evan's blue dye. In contrast, sheep and goats became passively sensitized by the bovine IgE. Considerable variation in latent period and titer was apparent after comparison of results in heterologous species with each other and with the homologous recipient. Nonetheless, the ability of this homocytotropic antibody to cross species is important to the phylogenetic relationship of IgE in different species. PMID- 7271041 TI - Seasonal occurence of infective nematode larvae on irrigated pasture grazed by cattle in California. AB - During the period extending from Dec 1, 1975, to Dec 22, 1976, 3 distinct peaks in the concentration of infective nematode larvae on pasture forage were detected by use of helminth-free tracer calves. Two of these peaks, 1 occurring in the spring and 1 in the fall, consisted mainly of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia sp. It is concluded that these 2 peaks can be anticipated annually and constitute unsafe periods of grazing. The 3rd peak was comprised largely of Haemonchus placei and Cooperia sp. It is concluded that this peak occurred as the result of unusual rainfall and reduced evaporation in August. Arrested developed (24% to 30%) of O ostertagi larvae occurred only during the spring peak. This finding indicates that on irrigated pastures in California, type I ostertagiasis can be expected to occur as the result of infection during the spring and/or fall peaks, whereas type II ostertagiasis can be expected to occur in the fall as a result of infection obtained during the spring peak. Arrestment in development of Cooperia sp occurred during spring (14%) and fall (23%) peaks. Haemonchus placei larvae increased their propensity for arrestment in development from zero to 82% during the months following the peak level of infection in summer. Other nematodes encountered were Trichostrongylus axei and Nematodirus helvetianus. PMID- 7271042 TI - Induction of lesions of selenium-vitamin E deficiency in ducklings fed silver, copper, cobalt, tellurium, cadmium, or zinc: protection by selenium or vitamin E supplements. AB - In 3 experiments, 684 newly hatched White Pekin ducklings were fed (for 15 to 28 days) a commercial starter mash that was adequate in selenium and vitamin E (Se E) content, either alone or with supplements of Ag (3,000 mg/kg of feed, as acetate), Cu (1,500 mg/kg, as sulfate), Co (200 or 500 mg/kg, as chloride), Te (500 mg/kg, as tetrachloride), Cd (100 or 500 mg/kg, as sulfate), Zn (3,000 or 6,000 mg/kg, as sulfate), or V (100 mg/kg, as vanadate). The ducklings fed Ag, Cu, Co, Te, Cd, and Zn frequently developed lesions characteristic of Se-E deficiency, such as necrosis of skeletal and cardiac muscle and of smooth muscle of the gizzard and intestine. Complete protection from the muscle lesions produced by Cu, Co, Te, Cd, and Zn supplements was provided by vitamin E (200 IU of alpha-tocopherol acetate/kg) and Se (2 mg/kg, as selenite). Ducklings fed Ag were protected by supplements of vitamin E and partial protection was achieved by Se addition. The birds fed excessive Zn developed pancreatic necrosis and fibrosis that was not prevented by supplements of Se or vitamin E. Terminally, blood glutathione peroxidase activity was low and hepatic Se concentration was increased in the ducklings fed Ag. However, neither blood glutathione peroxidase activity nor hepatic Se concentrations was consistently abnormal in ducklings fed other trace elements, although lesions of Se-E deficiency were often present in these animals. PMID- 7271043 TI - Experimental evidence of reciprocal temperature relationship between the parietofrontal region and the orbital emissary vein in the pony. AB - The heads of 5 ponies were embalmed and the vessels were double injected with latex. Dissection of these specimens revealed venous pathways (1) from the nasal area to the cavernous sinus and (2) from the parietofrontal region to the ventral petrosal sinus. Thermistors were chronically implanted near the orbital emissary veins of 3 additional ponies. Hot and cold packs were applied alternately to the parietofrontal regions. The temperature near the orbital emissary veins increased during the 5 trials with cold application and decreased during the 5 trials with hot application. The authors were able to influence physiologic adjustments in the heat loss in the nasal area (evidenced by temperature changes near the orbital emissary veins) by imposing nonphysiologic changes in the temperature of the venous blood draining the parietofrontal region. PMID- 7271044 TI - Nicotiana glauca-induced congenital deformities in calves: clinical and pathologic aspects. AB - Seven calves born to 7 cows fed Nicotiana glauca during portions of the 1st trimester of gestation were deformed at birth. Deformities increased in severity as the calves aged. At birth, calves typically had arthrogryposis of the forelimbs or curvature of the spine; severity varied among calves. In 4 calves necropsied at about 15 months of age, there was general malpositioning and misalignment of the distal ends of the radius and ulna and the proximal ends of the metacarpal bones. Carpal joints were severely affected, fetlock joints were moderately affected, and pastern joints were slightly affected, with lateral rotation of forelimbs common; severity varied among calves. In 1 of the 4 calves, there was moderate torticollis and scoliosis resulting from wedging of some of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae and abnormal cranial curvature of the left thoracic ribs. Histologic changes were not noticed in muscle, brain, spinal cord, or endocrine organs of the 4 calves. PMID- 7271045 TI - Pilot trials on the treatment of Dermatobia hominis infections in cattle with closantel. AB - The therapeutic and prophylactic activities of closantel given to calves inoculated with larvae of Dermatobia hominis were studied. Calves (n = 9 principals, plus 3 nontreated controls) were given closantel at different dosages (8 to 12.5 mg/kg) and schedules of treatment. The largest dosage of closantel (12.5 mg/kg) had the most efficacious therapeutic activity (97.3%). Prophylactic activity was also seen in calves given the drug before they were experimentally inoculated. PMID- 7271046 TI - Pig neutrophil adherence in experimentally induced salmonellosis. AB - In vitro neutrophil adherence was characterized in healthy newly weaned pigs following experimentally induced infection with Salmonella choleraesuis, A typhimurium, and S anatum. The adherence of pig neutrophils to nylon fiber columns was shown to be reproducible on a day-to-day basis. Neutrophil adherence was significantly increased in a group of pigs at 6, 30, and 48 hours after S choleraesuis was inoculated (orally). Neutrophil adherence was not significantly altered in groups of pigs inoculated with S typhimurium and S anatum, although individual pigs did show an apparent increase in adherence after S typhimurium was inoculated. An association between increased neutrophil adherence and acute inflammatory disease was made. PMID- 7271049 TI - Anthelmintic activity of mebendazole against induced and naturally occurring helminth infections in cats. AB - A formulation of mebendazole was used to determine the optimal dosage level against induced and/or naturally occurring infections of Toxocara cati, Ancylostoma tubaeforme, and Taenia taeniaeformis in cats. Amounts of 11 mg/kg of body weight/day or 22 mg/kg/day were given for 2, 3, or 4 days. Feces were collected for 7 days and were examined for expelled parasites. Cats were necropsied to recover retained parasites. A regimen of 22 mg/kg/day for 3 days was determined to be optimal with efficacies of 100%, 99%, and 50% against T cati, A tubaeforme, and Taenia taeniaeformis, respectively. PMID- 7271047 TI - Quantitative evaluation of neutrophilic chemotaxis in beagles. AB - A quantitative evaluation of neutrophilic chemotaxis was performed, using neutrophils from 12 healthy Beagles. Dextran sedimentation, differential centrifugation, and hypotonic lysis allowed separation of a neutrophil-rich cell suspension. Chemotaxis was studied, using blind-well chambers with 3-micrometers (APD) polycarbonate filters. A frozen (-80 C) bank of pooled normal canine serum was used as the chemotactant, and the chemotactant properties of the serum were destroyed by heat inactivation at 56 C for 30 minutes. Based on membrane and lower blind-well chamber solution neutrophil counts, a method was devised to distinguish between normal neutrophilic chemotaxis, normal neutrophilic chemotaxis with decreased neutrophilic adherence, and defective neutrophilic chemotaxis. PMID- 7271048 TI - Characterization of bovine cells, supporting in vitro growth of virulent and attenuated canine distemper virus. PMID- 7271050 TI - The integration of scientific and traditional healing. A proposed model. PMID- 7271052 TI - Misrepresentation of behavior therapy by psychoanalysts. PMID- 7271051 TI - Integrating psychoanalytic and behavior therapy. PMID- 7271053 TI - What about the question of integration? A reply to Apfelbaum and to Ellis. PMID- 7271054 TI - Indomethacin modification of immediate-type immunologic airway responses in allergic asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects: evidence for altered arachidonic acid metabolism in asthma. AB - To examine the role of arachidonic acid metabolism in the modulation of immediate type immunologic airway responses, we compared the effects of indomethacin (50 mg every 6 h for 96 h) and placebo on responses to antigen inhalation challenge in allergic asthmatic subjects and a group of nonasthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis. Sensitivity to antigen was determined for changes in one-second forced expiratory volume, specific airway conductance, and expiratory flow at 25% of the forced vital capacity measured from partial flow-volume curves. The groups differed in terms of prechallenge pulmonary function and non-immunologic airway reactivity as determined by methacholine challenge, but were comparable with respect to intradermal sensitivity to ragweed antigen. After placebo, asthmatic subjects demonstrated approximately 3.5-fold greater sensitivity to antigen than that of nonasthmatic subjects. Indomethacin had no effect on prechallenge pulmonary function in either group. However, after indomethacin, non-asthmatic subjects had a significant increase in antigen sensitivity. Indomethacin had no effect on antigen sensitivity in asthmatic subjects as measured by one-second forced expiratory volume or expiratory flow at 25% of the forced vital capacity, and produced a slight but significant decrease as measured by specific airway conductance. Indomethacin failed to alter methacholine sensitivity in atopic, non asthmatic subjects. These findings indicate that products of arachidonic acid metabolism participate in vivo in the modulation of airway responses to immediate type immunologic stimuli, and that this participation differs in asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. PMID- 7271055 TI - Effect of acute pancreatitis on pulmonary transvascular fluid and protein exchange. AB - We used the anesthetized sheep lung lymph preparation to examine the effects of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis on pulmonary transvascular fluid and protein exchange. Induction of acute pancreatitis by injection of trypsin and sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct caused significant increases (p less than 0.05) in lung lymph flow, ratio of lymph to plasma protein concentration (L/P ratio), and transvascular protein clearance. Pulmonary arterial and pulmonary arterial wedge pressures did not change significantly, but pulmonary blood flow decreased (p less than 0.05) and pulmonary vascular resistance increased (p less than 0.05). In contrast to the effects of acute pancreatitis, left atrial hypertension caused increases in lung lymph flow that were associated with decreases in the L/P ratio. Extravascular lung water content was increased after acute pancreatitis by 25% from the value obtained in sham-operated animals in which saline was injected into the pancreatic duct. These findings indicate that acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis causes an increase in pulmonary vascular permeability to proteins. Because pulmonary vascular pressures did not change, the increased permeability may be due to the cellular and humoral factors rather than hemodynamic mechanisms. PMID- 7271056 TI - Analysis of granulocyte beta-adrenergic response in cystic fibrosis: correlation of decreased responsiveness with disease severity. AB - Granulocytes from 21 nonasthmatic cystic fibrosis (CF) patients were isolated and the effects of isoproterenol, histamine, and prostaglandin E1 upon zymosan induced beta-glucuronidase release was measured. Granulocytes from CF patients contained significantly less total beta-glucuronidase activity compared with those from control subjects, but response to zymosan stimulation was normal. Compared with those from control subjects, the granulocytes from CF patients with severe airway disease (% predicted FEV1 less than 60) had significantly reduced responsiveness to isoproterenol, which correlated with both the % predicted FEV1 values and the NIH clinical score. In this same population of CF patients, granulocyte responsiveness to PGE1 was also decreased compared with that of the control subjects, but the degree of impairment was not as severe as that observed with isoproterenol nor did it correlate with disease severity. Histamine responsiveness, however, was normal. Our findings suggest that abnormal beta adrenergic responses may reflect the severity of airway disease and clinical score. PMID- 7271057 TI - Lymphocyte transformation assays as a diagnostic tool in tuberculosis in children. AB - Lymphocyte transformation (LT) assays were evaluated as a diagnostic aid in tuberculosis of children. Skin tests and LT assays were performed in 6 children with culture-proved tuberculosis (Group I), 32 children suspected of having tuberculosis (Group II), and 20 healthy children (Group III). Five of 6 children in Group I, 16 of 32 in Group II, and 8 of 20 in Group III had positive skin test reactions to PPD. The correlation between skin test reactivity and LT responses to PPD was highly significant (p less than 0.0001). Four (80%), 14 (88%), and 6 (75%) of the 29 subjects with positive skin test reactions in Groups I, II, and III showed a significant LT response to PPD. Only 2 (13%) of 16 tuberculosis suspects with negative skin test reactions in Group II exhibited an LT response to PPD. One (8%) of 12 healthy children with negative skin test reactions had a positive reaction in LT assays. All but 4 (7%) of 58 children in Groups I, II, and III were skin test reactive to PPD and/or 1 or more of 5 nonmycobacterial antigens. One (2% of 58) of these failed to exhibit an LT response to nonmycobacterial antigens. The strong correlation between LT responses and skin test reactivity to PPD and our finding that only 2 of 16 tuberculosis suspects had positive reactions in LT assays in the absence of PPD skin test reactivity argues against the likelihood that LT assays will prove useful in the diagnosis of this disease. PMID- 7271058 TI - Function of the respiratory muscles in acute hemiplegia. AB - Electromyograms of the parasternal intercostal muscles and of the diaphragm were obtained with surface electrodes in 20 patients with early flaccid hemiplegia due to cerebrovascular accident. In most patients, a striking reduction in activity was observed during voluntary inspirations in both the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm on the side of the paresis. These findings suggest that in most persons the respiratory muscles are innervated primarily by decussated fibers. Dysfunction of the respiratory muscles might be implicated in the respiratory tract infections of patients with early hemiplegia. PMID- 7271059 TI - Influenza A/Brazil/78(H1N1) infection in the elderly. AB - Although influenza A/H1N1 virus has caused both sporadic illness and epidemics throughout the world, there have been few cases and no outbreaks reported in older persons. Using a surveillance program for detection of viral respiratory tract illness, we documented an outbreak of influenza (A/Brazil/78(H1N1) infection in one floor of a chronic disease hospital. We prospectively studied all 32 patients and 16 personnel on that floor. Infection was proved in 11 subjects by serology and/or virus isolation, including 9 patients (median age, 84 yr) and 2 personnel (36 and 58 yr of age), for attack rates of 28% and 12.5%, respectively. Six patients had fever, 38 degrees C to 39 degrees C, lasting for 1 to 5 days (median, 4), and/or respiratory and constitutional symptoms lasting for 2 to 17 days (median, 13). Bacterial pneumonia occurred in 1 patient 12 days after the onset of upper respiratory tract illness. Risk factors for acquisition of infection in patients included a nonvaccinated state (p = 0.03) and a preinfection antibody titer of less than or equal to 32 (p = 0.02). These findings indicate that older persons are at risk for infection with influenza A/H1N1 virus, which may also cause outbreaks of respiratory illness in the elderly institutionalized population similar to other influenza viruses. PMID- 7271061 TI - Different mechanical properties of the lung in boys and girls. AB - Partial (PEFV) and maximal (MEFV) expiratory flow-volume curves were obtained on 47 healthy children, 3 to 13 yr of age, while they breathed air or a helium oxygen (He-O2) gas mixture. Girls had significantly higher (p less than 0.02) flows at FRC (Vmax FRC) on the air-MEFV curves than on the air-PEFV curves, whereas boys had similar flows on both curves. There was also a significant (p less than 0.04) relationship between the inspiratory volume (before initiating a PEFV curve) and Vmax FRC (on PEFV curves) for the girls but not for the boys. No difference in Vmax FRC (PEFV) and Vmax FRC (MEFV) were observed for either sex when He-O2 was breathed. These observations suggested that girls, with a deep inspiration, can increase their maximal flows, possibly by altering the tone of their airways. In addition, comparison of the air and He-O2 data suggested that girls may tend to dilate preferentially their larger airways with a maximal inspiration. Boys may generally be unable to do this. Such possible sex differences in the mechanical properties of the lung may relate to the different prevalence rates for severe lower respiratory tract illnesses and asthma in the 2 sexes.U PMID- 7271062 TI - Role of the carotid body and of afferent vagal stimuli in the arousal response to airway occlusion in sleeping dogs. AB - We studied the independent effects of bilateral carotid body denervation and bilateral cold blockade of the vagus nerves on the arousal response to airway occlusion during sleep. Dogs breathed through a cuffed endotracheal tube inserted via a chronic tracheostomy, and airway occlusion was imposed at end-expiration and maintained until the moment of arousal. Arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) was measured with an ear oximeter, and sleep stage was determined by electroencephalographic and behavioral criteria. Mean +/- SE SaO2 values at arousal were 88.7 +/- 2.7% during slow-wave sleep, and 84.9 +/- 3.5% during rapid eye-movement sleep (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). After carotid body denervation (2 dogs), arousal SaO2 values were less than 60% during slow-wave sleep and less than 50% during rapid-eye-movement sleep, at which time airway occlusion was arbitrarily terminated. In a few studies after denervation, when airway occlusion was maintained beyond these values, the dogs occasionally failed to arouse at all, and resuscitation was required. Bilateral cold blockade of the vagus nerves (2 dogs) resulted in no significant change in SaO2 at arousal. We concluded that the arousal response to airway occlusion is mediated primarily by the carotid bodies. PMID- 7271060 TI - Serum from patients with invasive fungal infections inhibits the adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and alveolar macrophages. AB - Adherence of various combinations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) or alveolar macrophages (AM) and serum from nonimmunosuppressed patients wit culture proved, invasive fungal infections or control subjects was evaluated in vitro using the standard nylon fiber pipette technique. In autologous serum, adherence of PMN from patients with wide variety of untreated fungal infections, including blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, coccidiodomycosis, and spirotrichosis, was significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased when compared with PMN from uninfected control subjects or patients with untreated bacterial infections. Studies using various combinations of PMN and serums from patients with blastomycosis suggested that the adherence defect was due to a serum disorder rather than an intrinsic cellular abnormality. Preincubation in serum from patients with blastomycosis decreased the adherence of control PMN. Preincubation in control serum corrected the decreased adherence of PMN from patients with blastomycosis. Additional studies revealed that the inhibitor was heat-stable and reversible, being present before, but not after, treatment or spontaneous resolution of the patient's infections. Adherence of AM from patients with fungal infection was also normal except when AM were preincubated in serum from patients with untreated fungal infections. We concluded that the intrinsic adherence of PMN and AM from patients with untreated fungal infections is normal, but that these patients do have an extrinsic heat-labile serum factor that can decrease the adherence of PMN and AM. PMID- 7271063 TI - Increased pulmonary vascular permeability after bone marrow injection in sheep. AB - We determined the effects of injection of bone marrow into the pulmonary circulation on pulmonary fluid and protein exchange in sheep. We also assessed the roles of free fatty acid toxicity and secondary thrombosis as mediators of the changes in pulmonary fluid balance. Injection of small amounts of bone marrow (range 0.07 to 0.41 ml/kg) resulted in pulmonary edema associated with increases in steady-state pulmonary lymph flow and protein clearance that the characteristic of increased endothelial permeability. There was no change in plasma concentrations of free fatty acids after injection. The small increases in lymph fatty acid clearance paralleled the increases in lymph protein clearance, reflecting the rapid binding of fatty acids to albumin. Decreased plasma fibrinogen with a concomitant increase in fibrin degradation products followed the bone marrow injection, indicating the activation of intravascular coagulation. In addition, the leukocyte count rapidly decreased just after the bone marrow injection. These findings suggest that the increased permeability was due to intravascular coagulation and resultant fibrin entrapment and leukostasis, and was not a result of increased circulating fatty acids. PMID- 7271065 TI - Reference spirometric values using techniques and equipment that meet ATS recommendations. AB - Forced expiratory volumes and flows were measured in 251 healthy nonsmoking men and women using techniques and equipment that meet American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommendations. Linear regression equations using height and age alone predict spirometric parameters as well as more complex equations using additional variables. Single values for 95% confidence intervals are acceptable and should replace the commonly used method of subtracting 20% to determine the lower limit of normal for a predicted value. Our study produced predicted values for forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second that were almost identical to those predicted by Morris and associates (1) when the data from their study were modified to be compatible with the back extrapolation technique recommended by the ATS. The study of Morris and colleagues was performed at sea level in rural subjects, whereas ours was performed at an altitude of 1,400 m in urban subjects. Either the present study or the study of Morris and co-workers, modified to back extrapolation, could be recommended for predicting normal values. PMID- 7271064 TI - Altered luminol-dependent granulocyte chemiluminescence during an in vitro incubation with an influenza vaccine. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte particle phagocytosis stimulates the "respiratory burst." The changes in oxidative metabolism are associated with the release of highly reactive species, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and the hydroxyl radical. As these substances return to a ground stage, there is a photon release with resulting light emission (chemiluminescence). The in vitro incubation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with a live bivalent (A + B) influenza has been shown to impair isoproterenol and histamine inhibition of zymosan stimulated lysosomal enzyme release. The effects of this vaccine on granulocyte oxidative metabolism were assayed with chemiluminescence. Ficoll-hypaque isolated granulocytes were incubated (37 degrees C) with the influenza virus. During this incubation there was stimulation of the granulocyte chemiluminescence, which was proportional to the virus dose, prevented by treatment with cytochalasin B, and reduced by catalase and sodium benzoate but not by superoxide dismutase. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes incubated with the influenza vaccine viruses had a marked reduction in chemiluminescence response to zymosan particles when compared with nonvirus-treated cells. The mechanism of this reduced or refractory response after virus incubation remains to be established. PMID- 7271066 TI - In vitro assays of cellular immunity in progressive coccidioidomycosis: evaluation of suppression with parasitic-phase antigen. AB - Patients with progressive coccidioidomycosis commonly have depressed cell mediated immune responses to coccidioidal antigens. We studied in vitro lymphocyte transformation in response to spherulin, as extract of the parasitic phase of Coccidioides immitis, and the nonspecific mitogen phytohemagglutinin in patients with progressive disseminated coccidioidomycosis who were anergic to spherulin and in healthy skin test-positive and skin test-negative control subjects. Lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin were indistinguishable for all three groups. When assayed in pooled blood group AB serum, lymphocyte responses to spherulin were identical for patients and skin test-positive control subjects; however, the patients' responses to spherulin were depressed in autologous serum. Prolonged incubation of cells in vitro did not restore the hyporesponsiveness. Serial studies of the patients revealed a trend toward restoration of the lymphocyte response during therapy. Preliminary experiments suggest that, although there were no intrinsic cell defects in these patients with coccidioidomycosis, there may be specificity of patient cells to be suppressed by serum. A prospective study of the incidence of depression of lymphocyte responsiveness in autologous serum revealed that this occurs in a minority of patients with negative spherulin skin tests, is rare in patients with positive skin tests, and appears to be associated with clinical deterioration. PMID- 7271068 TI - Subendothelial electron-dense deposits in pulmonary alveolar wall in pulmonary actinomycosis. AB - Pulmonary actinomycosis is characterized by an extensive interstitial fibrosis of the lung in addition to granulomatous disease. I examined the fibrotic lung tissue of actinomycosis by electron microscopy and found subendothelial electron dense deposits in the alveolar capillary wall. The meaning of this finding is discussed concerning the pathogenesis of interstitial fibrosis in pulmonary actinomycosis. PMID- 7271067 TI - Hereditary emphysema in the tight-skin (Tsk/+) mouse. AB - The tight-skin (Tsk/+) mouse represents an autosomal dominant mutation characterized by increased thoracic size, large lungs, and a variety of abnormalities of loose subcutaneous connective tissue, cartilage, tendon, and bone. Because an increase in the size of the lung and thorax may result from destruction of alveolar walls and a loss of elastic recoil of the lung, the present study was undertaken to determine if the Tsk/+ mouse exhibits morphologic and physiologic characteristics of emphysema. In contrast to the lungs of normal mice, examination of the lungs of Tsk/+ mice by light and scanning electron microscopy revealed generalized enlargement of air spaces with numerous subpleural cysts and scattered bullae. In addition, many alveolar walls were either markedly thinned or broken and there was an increase in the number and size of the pores of Kohn. Consistent with these morphologic observations, the lungs of the Tsk/+ mice also exhibited physiologic characteristics consistent with emphysema. Compared to the lungs of normal mice, the lungs of Tsk/+ mice had a markedly increased total lung capacity of (1.8 +/- 0.1 ml versus 3.3 +/- 0.1 ml, p less than 0.001); compliance (0.077 +/- 0.006 ml/cm H2O versus 0.345 +/- 0.025 ml/cm H2O, p less than 0.001), and specific compliance (4.23 +/- 0.34% TLC/cm H2O versus 10.64 +/- 1.01% TLC/cm H2O, p less than 0.001). These findings suggested that the Tsk/+ mouse is a genetically determined model of emphysema that may be useful in determining the pathogenesis of destructive lung disease. PMID- 7271069 TI - Measurements of airway edema in allergic bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig. AB - We tested the hypothesis that acute bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig was associated with airway edema by measuring extravascular water in the airways and lung parenchyma. Thirty guinea pigs were immunized with egg albumin and 30 nonimmunized guinea pigs served as controls. An aerosolized challenge with egg albumin produced acute respiratory distress in the immunized but not in the control animals. The animals were killed (6 per group) immediately and 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after the challenge, and the extravascular water content of the airways and parenchyma was measured. We found that airway extravascular water varied from 3.90 +/- 0.58 to 3.12 +/- 0.25 g/g dry tissue in the control group and from 3.61 +/- 0.41 to 3.79 +/- 0.33 g/g dry tissue in the experimental group. A two-way analysis of variance showed no difference between the groups. Similar results were found in parenchymal samples. We concluded that allergic bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig is not associated with airway edema. PMID- 7271071 TI - Recovery of airway patency after obstruction in normal infants. AB - We examined the characteristics of spontaneous restoration of airflow after airway obstruction during neck flexion in normal sleeping infants. In 22 of 27 episodes of complete airway obstruction in 5 of 8 infants, there was some resumption of airflow, although the angle of neck flexion was maintained. The airway reopening was usually delayed, after 1 to 3 obstructed inspiratory efforts, and usually without evidence of behavioral arousal. The time course of this delayed response suggested chemoreceptor mediation. In those trials where arousal was observed, airflow resumed immediately. Our observations suggested that activation of the genioglossus and other airway-maintaining muscles leads to airway reopening neck flexion in infants and that tonic genioglossus activity maintains airway patency. These observations represented the first description of restoration of airway patency after airway occlusion in infants. PMID- 7271070 TI - Tissue distribution of [14C]ethambutol in mice. AB - Fifteen male mice were given oral doses of 32 mg [14C]ethambutol/kg in a study of the tissue distribution of the drug. Animals were killed 1, 2, 4, 7, and 24 h after dosage and radioactivity in various tissues was measured. Peak concentrations were seen at 2 h after dosage. With the exception of brain, all tissues examined (liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, and muscle) developed tissue-to-plasma concentration ratios greater than 2. Highest values were seen in liver, kidney, and lung. High lung values were viewed as a favorable attribute for a drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis. PMID- 7271073 TI - Is P50 important to O2 transport? PMID- 7271072 TI - Lung cell population density determines the ratio of type III to type I collagens. AB - Cultured human lung fibroblasts produced 26 to 68% more type III collagen at confluency than at low cell density. This phenomenon occurred in cell lines from normal embryonic and adult lung tissue as well as in cultures established from fibrotic lung tissue. Modulation of the proportions of individual collagen types may be important in the genesis of pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 7271074 TI - Prevention of increased rates of collagen synthesis by methylprednisolone. PMID- 7271076 TI - Atherosclerotic aneurysms of the superficial femoral artery: a literature review and report of six additional cases. AB - Six patients with seven superficial femoral artery aneurysms are described, and additional cases in the literature are reviewed. Superficial femoral artery aneurysms are found in elderly patients with advanced atherosclerosis. These patients usually present with signs and symptoms of a high mass, often with local expansion and rupture. Proximal and distal ligation with vein bypass grafting was, for the authors, a satisfactory method of treatment. Patients with this lesion should be screened for possible abdominal aortic aneurysms, present in 33% of the authors' patients, and for other peripheral aneurysms, present in 50% of the authors' patients. Superficial femoral artery aneurysms should be surgically repaired, because when untreated, they tend to rupture and occasionally serve as a source of emboli. PMID- 7271075 TI - A noninvasive method to assess sympathetic activity. AB - Reflex adjustments of the blood flow through the skin are mediated largely by the sympathetic nervous system and play a fundamental role in the regulation of body temperature. Since blood flow in the digits is almost entirely through skin vessels, surface temperature measurements and digital plethysmography are useful methods of studying the changes in digital blood flow. Sweating is also primarily controlled by the sympathetic system and can be monitored by measuring the electrical resistance of the skin. A noninvasive test to assess sympathetic activity is described comparing the findings in normal subjects and patients with arterial diseases, vasospasm, and diabetes. Digital arteries obstructed by diseases or clot can be delineated from obstruction due to vasospasm, and diabetic neuropathy can be objectively identified. Follow-up studies in more than 1200 patients have demonstrated that an accurate prediction of the outcome of sympathectomy or nonoperative treatment can be made after assessing the results of this safe and inexpensive noninvasive test. PMID- 7271077 TI - The incise drape--boon or hazard: an experimental study. PMID- 7271078 TI - Experimental study of the influence of porosity on development of neointima in Gore-Tex grafts: a method to increase long-term patency rate. AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate the controlled microscopic development and fate of the neointima of Gore-Tex graft pretreated with multiple regular perforations, compared to nonperforated controls. Gore-Tex grafts (each 7 cm x 8 mm), perforated at regular 2 mm intervals with a special needle (0.8 mm internal diameter) for one half the length, with the remaining half kept intact, were implanted in 37 canine abdominal aortas in an end-to-end fashion. Standard untreated Gore-Tex grafts, of identical size, were similarly implanted in ten as controls. The perforated portion of the artificially treated Gore-Tex grafts demonstrated early neointimization at one week, the presence of fibroblasts and developing vasovasorum at 4 weeks, and complete endothelialization at 12 weeks. In contrast, the unperforated portion of implanted grafts demonstrated delayed endothelialization, requiring 24 weeks for complete development. Untreated controls demonstrated incomplete healing of the central luminal portion of the graft, with reddish thrombi still present at 24 weeks. Our study demonstrated that the poor development of neointima persists in the central portion of standard Gore-Tex controls in the last postoperative period, while pretreatment with multiple small perforations significantly hastens the development of a smooth neointima. PMID- 7271079 TI - Results of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in the femoropopliteal region: two year evaluation of 146 bypass procedures. AB - One hundred twenty patients, who underwent femoropopliteal bypass procedures using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts, are reviewed. There were 70 male and 50 female patients ranging in age from 42 to 84 years, the mean age being 64.27 years. A total of 140 procedures were performed for tissue loss or impending tissue loss; only 26 procedures had been done for limiting claudication. Review of the results showed a cumulative patency of 83.86%, t two years. The results for good run off showed a patency of 99.07% at two years, while the cases with poor run off, the patency was 47.0%. There were no early mortalities. Two patients, however, died during the follow-up period. Of the 17 amputations required, eight were defined as major and nine as minor amputations. The series is compared with a series of saphenous vein bypasses and also one using Dacron prosthesis. PMID- 7271080 TI - Colorectal carcinoma: before and after operation. PMID- 7271081 TI - Congenital duodenal diaphragm in the adult: report of two cases with associated prepyloric and duodenal ulcerations. PMID- 7271082 TI - Technique for reestablishing continuity after the Hartmann operation. PMID- 7271083 TI - [Boutonneuse Mediterranean fever (author's transl)]. AB - Authors report six cases of boutonneuse Mediterranean fever seen in the last two years. All of them presented fever, malaise, generalised maculopapulous rash and a typical black spot or inoculation canker. Diagnosis was done by a positive Weil Felix test. The treatment used was tetracycline with good results. Incidence of this disease is increasing in our country. PMID- 7271084 TI - [Torsion of Morgagni hydatid in children (author's transl)]. AB - Among the different types of testicular appendixes the most frequent is that of Morgagni hydatid. Authors review 32 cases of torsion of Morgagni hydatid operated along 12 years in the Department of Pediatric Surgery. PMID- 7271085 TI - [Treatment of peritoneal hydatidosis with mebendazole. Preliminary study (author's transl)]. AB - Authors present three cases of peritoneal hydatidosis, two of which are due to spontaneous rupture of hepatic hydatid cysts and the other due to operative rupture of ovarian hydatid cyst. A dose of 1 g./day of mebendazole was administered for 11 months with 30 day break periods every three months. Mebendazole has proved effective in the treatment of secondary echinococcosis. In authors judgement this may be an effective treatment for peritoneal spreading if mebendazole is used at an early stage since they have verified the absence of dissemination in one of the cases and an inactive dissemination in other one. If treatment is applied later, regression is achieved too, but more slowly. Immunological and ecographical results are reported in detail as well as surgical and pathologic findings. A cautious interpretation of these preliminary results is advised since data on long-term results are lacking. PMID- 7271086 TI - [Burkitt's lymphoma. Report of six cases (author's transl)]. AB - Authors report six cases on Burkitt's lymphoma seen during the last 18 months. In all of them a large ileocecal tumor was present and five of them had a bone marrow involvement. The ascitic fluid was positive in all cases. Three of the patients had a marked jaundice at diagnosis. The immunologic markers study on two of the cases, made evident that they belonged to type B. One of these two cases showed a component M in serum of the IgM type. As soon as chemotherapy started two of the cases showed marked metabolic disturbances. Three of the cases died and the three others remain free of disease for as long as two, 26 and 21 months. This report arises a comment epidemiologic importance of the increased frequency of Burkitt's lymphoma during the last months, as well as the clinic features of the six reported cases as compared to series published in non endemic areas on this topic. PMID- 7271087 TI - [Septate gallbladder and acute cholecystitis in a four-year-old girl (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a four year old girl, first seen at the emergency ward for an abdominal pain, is reported. Exploration revealed a mass at the right hypochondrium which a laparotomy labeled as a dropsy gallbladder with a complete transversal septum at the union of the gallbladder's body and infundibulum. Microscopic examination showed an acute cholecystitis. A classification of septate gallbladders is performed and embryology revised. Microphotographs of human embryo are presented making etiopathogenesis of this case understandable. The scanty bibliography on this topic makes this case extremely rare. PMID- 7271088 TI - [Prostatic utricle cysts (Mullerian duct cysts) (author's transl)]. AB - Authors report two cases of prostatic utricle cysts, one of which was operated. They collect from literature 20 other cases in children aged ten years or less. Natural history of patients is reported. They also comment on the symptoms and associated anomalies and conclude discussing diagnostic and operative procedures available in these patients. PMID- 7271089 TI - [Severe hypertonic dehydration]. PMID- 7271090 TI - [Mediastinal lipoblastoma]. PMID- 7271091 TI - Therapy for nongonococcal urethritis: double-blind randomized comparison of two doses and two durations of minocycline. AB - We treated 289 men who had nongonococcal urethritis with minocycline, 100 mg once or twice daily for 7 to 21 days. After 21 +/- 7 days, urethritis persisted or recurred in 31 (27%) of 114 given 7-day therapy and only nine (8%) of 110 given 21-day therapy (p = 0.0005). However, by 49 +/- 14 days, the cumulative percent rate of failure was 31% for 7-day and 30% for 21-day therapy. Thus, 21-day therapy only delayed recurrence. The higher daily dosage did not improve outcome. Urethritis persisted or recurred in 19% of men with initial Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Among men without C. trachomatis, urethritis persisted or recurred in 32% with and 52% without Ureaplasma urealyticum infection (p = 0.03). At follow up, 79% of cases of persistent or recurrent urethritis were culture negative for C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum. The cause of C. trachomatis-negative, U. urealyticum-negative nongonococcal urethritis, which was least responsive to minocycline therapy, remains uncertain. PMID- 7271092 TI - Dung lung: a report of toxic exposure to liquid manure. AB - The use of liquid manure storage facilities poses several serious threats: toxic gas inhalation, asphyxiation, aspiration of liquid manure, and infection. Hydrogen sulfide poisoning in a manure storage pit resulted in three deaths. Two of the persons who died had massive aspiration of liquid manure; the third had severe pulmonary edema but had not aspirated manure. The clinical course of the patient who survived was complicated by hemodynamic instability, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and infection. These accidents can be prevented by the use of a self-contained breathing apparatus and a safety line, as well as the presence of a second person for rescue if necessary. Recommendations for treatment are mainly supportive, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, oxygen, and positive end-expiratory pressure. Nitrites may speed recovery but in excess can cause other complications. PMID- 7271093 TI - Lupus erythematosus-like syndrome with selective complete deficiency of C1q. AB - A 37-year-old Japanese man in previously good health was hospitalized because of swelling of the auricles had discoid erythema of the face. Clinical and laboratory findings satisfied the diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus proposed by the American Rheumatism Association. However, serologic studies showed weakly positive antinuclear factor and absence of anti-DNA antibody and lupus erythematosus cells. A striking abnormality was the total absence of serum hemolytic complement activity (CH50). Further studies showed selective complete deficiency of C1q, a subunit of the first component of complement (C1). This is the first reported case of lupus erythematosus-like syndrome with selective complete deficiency of C1q. PMID- 7271094 TI - Vinblastine-loaded platelets for autoimmune hemolytic anemia. PMID- 7271096 TI - The shortage of hospital nurses: a new perspective. AB - There appears to be a critical shortage of hospital nurses in the United States, despite a 15-year national effort to bring the supply of nurses into balance with increased demand. Careful review of supply and requirement data does not provide an adequate explanation for the persistent shortage, and common misconceptions about the nature of the nurse shortage have clouded the debate. Several popular explanations for the shortage do not appear to be valid. Evidence strongly favors the explanation that the shortage has been caused by the depression of nurses' incomes relative to incomes of other workers. THe present wage structure has both short- and long-term effects on the shortage of nurses; allowing nurses salaries to rise to levels of comparable workers may be the only solution. PMID- 7271095 TI - Computed tomography in patients with psychiatric illnesses: advantage of a "rule in" approach. AB - Computed tomography (CT) is used commonly to "rule-out" disease. In 123 consecutive patients with psychiatric diseases in three institutions, 105 CT scans (85.4%) interpreted as normal or normal except for atrophy did not influence management, only reassured clinicians and patients. Incidental and false positive findings were more numerous than true positive findings. All six true positive findings occurred in patients with focal findings on neurologic examination; four led to management changes. The lower 954% confidence limit of the cost of case finding by CT only was estimated to be $2931 for all patients; $603 for patients with focal findings; and at least $7083 for patients without focal findings. Computed tomography is a sensitive diagnostic method that may detect more false and incidental positive findings when used somewhat unselectively to "rule-out" disease. In these patients, a examination suggesting structural intracranial abnormalities would have been less expensive and more effective. PMID- 7271097 TI - Geriatric medicine: a statement from the Federated Council for Internal Medicine. AB - The body of knowledge pertinent to the care of the elderly lies largely within internal medicine and its subspecialties. A growing number of elderly persons have great need for medical and social services. The Federated Council for Internal Medicine (FCIM) recommends increased emphasis on geriatric medicine in the medical school curriculum, the medical residency, and continuing medical education; new affiliations of medical schools with geriatric care institutions; and the development of postresidency advanced training in geriatric medicine, aimed primarily at creating teacher-scientists, but also preparing for a consultant role. The FCIM opposes the creation of separate medical school departments and favors inclusion of an administrative mechanism for geriatrics within the department of medicine, preferably linked to the division or section of general internal medicine. The FCIM encourages the American Board of Internal Medicine to continue to explore forms of recognition of advanced training and particular competence in geriatric medicine but opposes the creation of a separate certifying board for geriatrics. PMID- 7271098 TI - Chenodiol for gallstones: dissolution or disillusion? PMID- 7271100 TI - Respiratory health risks in farmers. PMID- 7271099 TI - The National Cooperative Gallstone Study report: a surgeon's perspective. PMID- 7271101 TI - The infant formula controversy: an international health policy paradigm. PMID- 7271102 TI - Coronary artery disease: what is a reasonable diagnostic strategy? PMID- 7271104 TI - Diagnostic tests and procedures. PMID- 7271103 TI - Death from anoxia in an abandoned cesspool. PMID- 7271105 TI - Paraquat poisoning and colchicine treatment. PMID- 7271106 TI - Fungal infections in Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 7271107 TI - Infection from finger sticks in leukopenic patients. PMID- 7271108 TI - Isoniazid prophylaxis. PMID- 7271109 TI - Misinterpretation of prothrombin time in warfarin anticoagulation. PMID- 7271110 TI - [Community program of biological supervision of the population against the risk of lead poisoning. Italian results: phase I (1978-1979)]. PMID- 7271111 TI - [Images of intact biological systems obtained with nuclear magnetic resonance]. PMID- 7271113 TI - On the complementarity of biology and physics. PMID- 7271112 TI - [Ordinal measurements and their hypothetical testing with examples related to the survey studies of populations exposed to occupational risks]. PMID- 7271114 TI - [Placental histological findings in women from the area polluted with TCDD]. PMID- 7271115 TI - [Biochemical supervision of the fetus during labor: actual pH or maternal and fetal acid-base equilibrium?]. PMID- 7271116 TI - [Sinusoidal rhythm of the fetal heart rate in labor: biochemical evaluation]. PMID- 7271117 TI - [Renal insufficiency in pregnancy]. PMID- 7271118 TI - [Ineffectiveness of low-dosage heparin treatment in pregnancy complicated by EPH gestosis]. PMID- 7271119 TI - [Total serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and transaminases in normal and hepatogestosic pregnant women]. PMID- 7271120 TI - [Epilepsy and pregnancy: retrospective study of 50 cases of pregnancy in epileptic women]. PMID- 7271121 TI - [Echographic study of the cerebral ventricles of the fetus]. PMID- 7271122 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta tarda and otosclerosis. A temporal bone histopathology report. PMID- 7271123 TI - Changes of nasal epithelial cells and mucus layer after challenge of allergen. PMID- 7271124 TI - Ear deformities associated with the Klippel-Feil syndrome. PMID- 7271125 TI - Total laryngectomy with tracheopharyngeal fistula (neoglottis). AB - Our experience with the so-called "neoglottis" (according to Staffieri) after total laryngectomy is presented. The technique, described in detail, aims at giving the patient good speech by creating a tracheoesophageal fistula through which air passes. In the period from 1973-1979, 63 patients underwent the procedure. The functional results were satisfactory in 68% of the cases. The patient's voice is much more agreeable than the esophageal voice and sounds louder and less monotonous than a laryngophone voice. The spectrographic analyses confirm its resemblance to natural voice. An occasional passage of liquids into the trachea may occur, but is not prejudicial to either speech or swallowing. Some dysfunctional problems may arise early or late after the operation: they are continuous aspiration during swallowing and lack of phonatory function. In most cases, these problems are due to incorrect surgical technique; the possibilities and procedures of correction are described. In conclusion, we maintain that the "neoglottis" which may be applied to nearly all cases of total laryngectomy, represents a worthwhile "phonatory" innovation in the field of mutilating surgery of laryngeal cancer. PMID- 7271126 TI - Analysis of factors affecting complications of carotid ligation. AB - A study of 156 patients subjected to common carotid ligation in the treatment of head and neck carcinoma was made to investigate the influence of selected factors on cerebral complications. In the analysis complications were grouped as death or coma; death, coma, hemiplegia or monoplegia; and transitory cerebral symptoms. Primary independent variables included method of occlusion (abrupt, gradual); duration of occlusion; and collateral circulation via the external carotid artery (intact, ligated external carotid artery). Death or coma occurred in 24 cases (15.4%) and complications including death, coma, hemiplegia or monoplegia occurred in 47 cases (30.1%). Although no statistically significant difference between abrupt and gradual occlusion cases was noted, the incidence of cerebral complications was significantly lower for the group with gradual carotid occlusions performed over 13 days (6.3%) than for those with abrupt occlusions or gradual occlusions performed in less than five days. The incidence of death or coma following carotid artery occlusion was 10.5% in cases with an intact external carotid artery, as against 25.5% in those with a ligated external carotid artery, a statistically significant difference. Cerebral complications occurred within 48 hours after carotid occlusion in 35 of 47 cases (74.5%) in which complications developed. In the remaining 12 cases (25.5%) complications developed after 48 hours. There was no difference between abrupt and gradual occlusion cases in the incidence of complications after 48 hours. PMID- 7271127 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis. Long-term results of treatment. AB - Seventeen patients with Wegener's granulomatosis are presented. The very complex clinical features are outlined. A recently suggested new classification (ELK classification) is applied. Fourteen patients were treated with cytotoxic agents and steroids, 12 of these receiving 6-mercaptopurine. Of the ten patients still alive, eight are in remission with treatment withdrawn in three cases. The duration of the treatment is discussed. The results are largely satisfactory, but the course of the disease is still capricious. Progression to a higher step in the ELK-classification has been observed in several cases and a number of serious sequelae to the disease are recorded. The initial symptoms of Wegener's granulomatosis are varied and uncharacteristic, and it is important to bear this disease in mind when patients with a long course of apparently trivial infections or peculiar constellations of symptoms from several organs are encountered. Repeated biopsies from the respiratory tract are important in order to establish the diagnosis, but treatment should not be delayed in cases where only a tentative diagnosis can be made on the basis of a reasonably typical clinical picture, even with a negative histological response. PMID- 7271128 TI - Auditory brainstem and middle latency evoked response sensitivity near threshold. AB - Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and middle latency evoked response (MLER) testing have been used successfully for assessing hearing sensitivity electrophysiologically. Though both procedures have their proponents, ABR seems to be the more popular of the two. However, this study shows that overall, MLER waves occur with greater frequency at low sensation level than ABR waves. Specifically, MLER wave Pa was the most sensitive wave, followed by ABR wave V, MLER wave Pb, ABR wave III, MLER wave Pc, and ABR wave I. Latencies were more consistent and predictable for ABR than MLER. However, as expected, amplitudes for MLER wave were greater than those for ABR. Given these results, those involved in measuring hearing sensitivity electrophysiologically are encouraged to consider the potential of the MLER measure and not limit their scope of assessment to ABR. PMID- 7271129 TI - Compensatory eye movement and gaze fixation during active head rotation in patients with labyrinthine disorders. AB - Compensatory eye movement and gaze fixation during active head rotation were studied in patients with unilateral and bilateral loss of vestibular function. Patients with bilateral lesions were asked to perform mental arithmetic tasks in the dark. Although compensatory eye movements of these patients corresponded to 38-46% of compensatory movements in normal subjects, the ability of patients with lesions to visually fix on a stationary target was markedly impaired. Visual fixation on moving targets attached to the head (head-fixed targets) was also measured and found to be good. For patients with unilateral lesions, in the early stages of the disease, findings during rotations to the intact side resembled those for normal subjects, while results of rotations to the affected side resembled those for patients with bilateral lesions. PMID- 7271131 TI - Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in tonsils of children with recurrent tonsillitis. AB - Tonsils were obtained from 50 children suffering from recurrent tonsillitis. Patients' ages ranged from 2.5 to 17 years (mean 6 years); 29 were males and 21 females. The tonsils were sectioned in half after heat searing of the surface and the core material was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora was obtained in all patients, yielding an average of 7.8 isolates (4.1 anaerobes and 3.7 aerobes) per specimen. There were 207 anaerobes isolated. The predominant isolates were 101 Bacteroides sp (including 10 B fragilis group, and 47 B melaninogenicus group), 29 Fusobacterium sp, 34 Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (25 Peptococcus sp and 9 Peptostreptococcus sp) and 16 Veillonella sp. There were 185 aerobic isolates. The predominant isolates were 41 alpha-hemolytic streptococci, 24 Staphylococcus aureus, 19 beta-hemolytic streptococci (11 group A, 4 group B, and 2 each group C and F), 14 Haemophilus sp (including 12 H influenzae type B) and 5 H parainfluenzae. Beta-lactamase production was noted in 56 isolates recovered from 37 tonsils. These were all isolates of S aureus (24) and B fragilis (10), 15 of 47 B melaninogenicus (32%), 5 of the 12 B oralis (42%), and 2 of 12 H influenzae type B (17%). Our findings indicate the polymicrobial aerobic and anaerobic nature of deep tonsillar flora in children with recurrent tonsillitis, and demonstrate the presence of many beta lactamase-producing organisms in 74% of the patients. PMID- 7271130 TI - In vitro cultivation of the fetal guinea pig inner ear. AB - Fetal guinea pig inner ears, gestational age from 21 to 54 days, were cultivated in vitro and then observed with light and electron microscopes. Early 21-day gestation otocysts developed cartilaginous capsules from differentiating mesenchyme and discrete neurosensory structures from endolabyrinthine epithelium. Coiling of the cochlea occurred. Older, differentiated inner ears showed progressive increase in size and development of the labyrinth. The 26-day gestation cochlea, maintained for 12 days in vitro, doubled in size with development comparable to the 37-day gestation in vivo control. The large size of the guinea pig inner ear resulted in varying degrees of necrosis. However, the well-defined growth and development of the guinea pig fetal inner ear in vitro indicates the efficacy of the technique and suggests that similar success would be forthcoming with other animals used in audiologic research, such as chinchilla and hamster. PMID- 7271132 TI - Effect of increased perilymphatic pressure on endocochlear potential. AB - A study was done to determine how increased fluid pressure in the inner ear influences cochlear blood flow. Hydrostatic pressure was applied to the scala vestibuli or scala tympani in guinea pigs. Endocochlear potential, which is sensitive to the lack of oxygen, was measured through the round window membrane or through the stria vascularis. Cochlear blood flow was confirmed by intravenous injection of India ink. When the perilymphatic pressure was raised to a relatively high level, endocochlear potential decreased, ina similar way as in response to anoxia, because of the cessation of the cochlear blood flow. This change was completely reversible upon applications of pressure for brief periods of time. We consider that the cochlear blood flow ceases when the fluid pressure reaches the level of intracochlear arterial pressure. PMID- 7271133 TI - Common migraine and vestibular function. Electronystagmographic study and pathogenesis. AB - Even though "classic migraine" and "complicated migraine" may be diagnosed readily, "common migraine" may be easily confused with other types of vascular headaches. This differential diagnosis is of great importance for the appropriate choice of drug therapy. It is frequently stated that family history of migraine and history of motion sickness in childhood suggest that a periodic vascular headache is most likely of migrainous origin; although this statement applies to ophthalmoplegic and hemiplegic migraine, it is doubtful that it applies to common migraine. In fact, in a pilot study of patients with common migraine, we have observed that family history and history of motion sickness in childhood did not contribute to the diagnosis. Vestibular dysfunctions are frequently associated with migraine including the common type. Utilizing labyrinthine tests with the aid of electronystagmography, abnormalities of labyrinth function were demonstrated in 80% of patients with common migraine who had no history of vertigo or of other otological and neurological disorders. PMID- 7271134 TI - Discrimination of purulent from nonpurulent maxillary sinusitis. Clinical and radiographic diagnosis. AB - For the rational treatment of sinusitis, it is essential to distinguish sinusitis of bacterial origin from that of other etiologies. In maxillary sinusitis, antral purulence indicates a significant amount of pathogenic bacteria, whereas the presence of bacteria seems to be of less or no relevance in nonpurulent sinusitis. Hence, from a therapeutic point of view one important diagnostic goal is the differentiation of purulent from nonpurulent sinusitis. In this respect clinical examination is fairly reliable. Sinus radiography cannot distinguish purulent from nonpurulent sinusitis and offers few advantages when deciding on antibiotic therapy. Antral aspiration offers the most comprehensive information on which to base a reliable diagnosis. PMID- 7271135 TI - Chronic effects of phasic middle ear pressure changes. AB - In an attempt to better define the mechanisms of barotrauma, middle and inner ear pathology was studied in guinea pigs three weeks following exposure to a brief, sudden middle ear pressure change. Findings included tympanic membrane perforations (particularly dependent upon high negative pressure exposures), vascular hemorrhage (primarily dependent upon high positive pressure exposures), serosanguineous effusions (predominantly dependent upon infection) and serous effusion (dependent upon negative pressure exposure). Round window perforations were common in high pressure animals with infection. Other inner ear membrane changes were infrequent or minimal. Lymphatic hemorrhage was observed as a function of exposure. The clinical implications of these findings and possible mechanisms underlying these changes are discussed in terms of our previously reported study of the immediate effects of such pressure change. PMID- 7271136 TI - Customized dilator for the treatment of subglottic stenosis in children. PMID- 7271137 TI - Surgical and radiological effects upon the development of speech after total laryngectomy. AB - The data presented examine the relationship between postlaryngectomy communication method, and the extent of total laryngectomy and the use of radiation therapy. The expectations of speech therapy providers were also examined. The author interviewed 60 laryngectomy patients who were six months to 3 1/2 years postsurgery. Surgeries were grouped into four categories and correlated with communication method. The relationship was statistically significant with the most apparent deterrent effect exhibited only for the most extreme surgical excisions. There was no relationship with the use of radiation therapy. In many cases speech therapy providers' expectations were not supported by the data. PMID- 7271138 TI - Tracheomalacia in an infant with multiplex congenita (Larsen's) syndrome. AB - An infant born with multiplex congenita (Larsen's) syndrome developed respiratory distress 30 days following tracheostomy for relief of upper airway obstruction. The infant had structural and functional abnormalities of the thoracic cage. Tracheobronchoscopy revealed excessive compliance of the trachea with a tendency for collapse of the tracheal rings and obliteration of the tracheal lumen. Continuous positive airway pressure in the range of 20-25 cm H2O was used to maintain patency of the tracheal lumen and assure adequate ventilation. Hemodynamic and pulmonary barometric complications often observed when high levels of positive airway pressure are utilized in infants were not observed. PMID- 7271139 TI - Flexible fiberoptic endoscopy in difficult intubations. AB - Intubation problems sometimes occur very suddenly and can be divided into two groups. The expected ones include the patients with a short neck and long teeth, cellulitis of the tongue, large oropharyngeal tumors, obstructing laryngeal tumors, congenital and acquired maxillofacial deformities, ankylosis of the temporomandibular joints, fractures or ankylosing spondylitis of the cervical spine, and all patients with a history of previous intubation problems. Unexpected problems can arise in patients who combine large incisors and canines with an inability to open the mouth wide, or when the glottis is invisible because the epiglottis is immobile. The first concern in these cases is to restore consciousness, for the conscious patient shows tonus and this facilitates identification of anatomical landmarks. A 60 cm bronchofiberscope provided with a tube and a freely movable end of 30 cm is suitable. Shorter flexible scopes are not adequate. PMID- 7271140 TI - Sputum cytologic diagnosis of upper respiratory tract cancer. Second report. AB - Screening for cancer is a popular issue for debate because few, if any, evaluations of the screening process have been conducted on a long-term prospective basis with use of concomitant, unscreened controls. We have found that screening of high-risk persons for presymptomatic lung cancer will identify patients with cancer in the upper and lower respiratory passages. Randomly selected patients enrolled in the Mayo Lung Project have undergone sputum cytologic and chest roentgenographic screening at four-month intervals and were compared with randomly selected matched control subjects who were not intensively screened. The search for upper airway tumors in the head and neck region was instigated by abnormal findings on sputum cytology in 12 screened patients. In the same period, 12 other screened patients with abnormal results of sputum cytology were found to have roentgenographically "occult" lung cancer. This finding emphasized the importance of the otorhinolaryngologic examination in screening programs for airway cancer. It is also important to emphasize that sputum-negative patients may have obvious, symptomatic tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract that can be easily diagnosed by those who are skilled in examining this area. Contrary to our expectation, there is no definitive evidence that screening has reduced mortality from either upper or lower airway cancer. PMID- 7271141 TI - Unusual presentations and problems created by mismanagement of foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract of the pediatric patient. AB - Nine children who suffered unusual problems because of the mismanagement of ingested or inhaled foreign bodies are reported. The causes of mismanagement are discussed and the details of the histories, examinations and follow-up are given. The serious complications were pulmonary hemorrhage, tracheoesophageal fistulae, mediastinitis resembling a mediastinal tumor, periesophageal infection from perforation, loss of a Fogarty catheter tip in a segmental bronchus, laryngeal stenosis from a cricothyrotomy in an infant, and the displacing of a foreign body into an almost inaccessible distal bronchus. All of these unusual problems, and the resultant morbidity and financial cost, could have been avoided with proper management and early diagnosis. PMID- 7271142 TI - Esophageal and hypopharyngeal injuries in patients with cervical spine trauma. AB - The authors review their recent experience with four patients referred to the Shepherd Spinal Center, Atlanta, with cervical spine fracture dislocation and quadriplegia. The patients were subsequently found to have tears of the hypopharynx or the esophagus as a complication of their injury. Unexplained fever, swelling of the neck, dysphagia or leukocytosis in the patient with acute cervical spine injury suggest, the authors urge, the possibility of esophageal or hypopharyngeal perforation. The authors review the kinematics and pathophysiology of cervical fractures and provide clues to early detection and management of perforation of the hypopharynx or esophagus, including the use of radiographic study and endoscopy. PMID- 7271143 TI - Effect of total laryngectomy on esophageal motility. AB - Total laryngectomy for cancer can result in dysphagia and altered esophageal motility. Manometric changes in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), and in proximal and distal esophageal function have been reported. However, most studies have failed to take into account radiation therapy and appropriate controls. We selected ten male patients (54.3 +/- 1.9 yr) for longitudinal manometric evaluation prior to laryngectomy then at two weeks and again six months later. No patient received preoperative radiation therapy, had a previous history of esophageal surgery, or developed a postoperative wound infection or fistula. Seven of ten patients had positive nodes and received 6,000-6,600 rads postoperative radiation therapy. Preoperatively 4 of 10 patients complained of dysphagia which did not significantly change following surgery and radiation. Two of three patients who did not complain of dysphagia preoperatively and received radiation postoperatively developed dysphagia. No patient without dysphagia preoperatively who received no radiation therapy developed symptoms. Our studies show that laryngectomy causes alterations in the UES resting and peak pressures but not in the proximal or distal esophagus, or the lower esophageal sphincter. These data also imply radiation therapy may be associated with progressive alterations in motility and symptomatology. Further study regarding the effects of radiation on esophageal motility and function are urged. PMID- 7271144 TI - Endoscopic findings in sarcoidosis. Characteristics and correlations with radiographic staging and bronchial mucosal biopsy yield. AB - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 101 patients with sarcoidosis, and the endoscopic findings were analyzed and correlated with radiographic stages and diagnostic bronchial biopsy. Endoscopic findings included bronchostenosis (26% of patients), mucosal nodularity (64%), hypervascularity (38%), and mucosal edema (55%). The only correlation between these findings and the radiographic stage was the presence of mucosal nodularity observed in 73% of stage I (14/19 patients), decreasing to only 48% in stage III (15/31 patients). Bronchial biopsy yield was 58% for stage I, 62% for stage II, and 46% for stage III, with overall yield of 57%. However, the addition of bronchial biopsies increased the diagnostic yield of the bronchoscopic procedure from 73% for transbronchial biopsies alone to 88% when the two procedures were combined. In the presence of endobronchial stenosis, mucosal nodularity and hypervascularity, bronchial biopsy yield was 91% vs 37% when these were absent. We conclude that the endoscopic characteristics, with the exception of nodularity, do not correlate with radiographic stages. Bronchial biopsy yield is higher in those patients with mucosal nodularity, increased vascularity, and bronchostenosis. Bronchial mucosal biopsy also improved the overall diagnostic yield when it is obtained in conjunction with transbronchial lung biopsy. PMID- 7271145 TI - A new universal bivalved speculum direct laryngoscope. PMID- 7271146 TI - Video laryngoscopy using a rigid telescope and video home system color camera. A useful office procedure. AB - A simple but reliable method of videotaping the larynx using the Nagashima rigid laryngoscope (telescope) and a low-cost home video color camera is described. Video laryngoscopy using this technique is a useful office procedure. The video material obtained was of high quality and of great value for teaching, voice analysis, preoperative and postoperative evaluation and documentation of various laryngeal disorders. PMID- 7271147 TI - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and pulmonary cytology in the evaluation of patients with head and neck malignancies. AB - In a study involving 107 patients with new primary tumors of the head and normal chest roentgenograms, the information gained from flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and pulmonary cytology was analyzed. A small but significant proportion of the patients (14%) had positive cytologies. Contrary to previous reports, contamination of bronchial washings with tumor cells from head and neck neoplasms did take place. In most patients, the source of contamination appeared to be the passage of the bronchoscope adjacent to the endotracheal tube. Two patients with normal chest radiographs and positive cytologic studies were discovered to have pulmonary metastases within one year of bronchoscopy. It is concluded that malignant involvement of the lungs is unlikely in patients with a normal chest radiograph, normal bronchoscopy, and negative bronchial washings. This information appears to be of value in staging patients with head and neck cancer. Positive bronchial washings are always associated with malignancy, either in the head and neck or the lungs, and should be considered an indication for further evaluation. Recommendations are made regarding the technique of bronchoscopy as part of panendoscopy in head and neck cancer patients, and diagnostic strategies are proposed for patients with positive bronchial washings and negative chest radiographs. PMID- 7271148 TI - Esophageal cancer research in the People's Republic of China. AB - Esophageal cancer, which accounts for 21% of all cancer deaths in China, has been the subject of epidemiology studies in the three areas of the country where the disease is most prevalent. In the area of the highest mortality rate, the first field research unit was established to study cancer in high-risk areas. The investigations of this unit for the last 20 years are discussed, including the design and implementation of the studies. The geographic, dietary and cultural factors in the etiology of esophageal cancer are examined. The results of the studies and the clinical applications are explored. PMID- 7271149 TI - Congenital tracheal stenosis. AB - Twenty-one cases of congenital tracheal stenosis seen at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children 1971 through 1980 were reviewed with regard to the clinical features, associated anomalies, endoscopic findings and radiological evaluation. Congenital tracheal stenosis was usually a serious problem often associated with other major anomalies of the respiratory tract, esophagus, or skeleton. There was no set pattern of presentation. The presenting features included: persistent wheeze or stridor, atypical "respiratory distress," and atypical "croup" or "bronchiolitis." Documentation of the nature and extent of the stenosis by endoscopy and, if necessary, tracheobronchogram was important for prognosis and to direct treatment. Congenital tracheal stenosis must be considered in infants who present with atypical respiratory tract obstruction, especially where there is an H-type tracheoesophageal fistula, pulmonary hypoplasia or skeletal abnormalities such as hemivertebrae or a thumb abnormality. PMID- 7271150 TI - Surgical repair in hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancer. Analysis of 162 patients. AB - Most recent publications dealing with surgical repair following pharyngolaryngectomy or pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy appear to be based upon limited surgical experience of the most differing operations now available. An up to date review of 162 patients, including 68 gastric "pull up" procedures, has the advantage of being a personal series as well as a critical evaluation of each technique based upon personal evaluation. PMID- 7271151 TI - Endoscopy in esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. AB - Between 1970 and 1979 152 infants born with the anomaly of esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula or of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula without atresia were treated at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney. Recent developments in endoscopic equipment and new techniques of anesthesia allow detailed examination of the respiratory tract and esophagus with minimum trauma and maximum safety. Symptomatology relating to the airway and to the esophagus after surgical repair often occurs in patients who may have tracheomalacia, esophageal anastomotic stricture, esophageal reflux and sometimes recurrent or residual fistula. A definite diagnosis of tracheomalacia can be made by finding the typical triad of anteroposterior narrowing of the tracheal lumen, weakening of the semicircular-shaped cartilages and forward ballooning of the widened posterior membranous tracheal wall. Careful examination of the trachea and esophagus allows identification of an elusive recurrent fistula or an H-type fistula. As the primary results of surgery for esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula improve, long-term problems are becoming increasingly important. The role of the pediatric endoscopist is vital in the care of these patients. PMID- 7271152 TI - Abnormal esophageal manometry in globus hystericus. AB - Globus hystericus means the "hysterical ball or lump in the throat," and is generally assumed to be of psychic origin. True dysphagia is usually absent. Twelve patients with the globus syndrome were studied at the Esophageal Motility Laboratory of the Saint Luke's Hospital of Cleveland. An organic cause for their symptomatology was ruled out by physical examination, laryngoscopy, esophagoscopy and cineesophagograms. Ten patients showed significant elevations in esophageal resting pressures and nine had evidence of disordered motor activity in the body of the esophagus. Knowing from previous investigations that a suprasternal discomfort may be elicited from stimulation of the esophagus at different levels, we propose that the globus sensation is a referred one coming from the hypertonic and frequently incoordinated body of the esophagus. PMID- 7271153 TI - Esophageal hiatal hernia in infants and children. AB - Although prior to 1950 esophageal hiatal hernia (EHH) in children was a seldom recognized entity, it has since then become well known. The symptoms in children are considerably different from those in adults. The cause of EHH is still somewhat in doubt. The term gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is often applied as a diagnosis where the diagnosis is uncertain. The authors have reviewed case histories of 56 patients admitted to the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, from 1972 to 1980. A comparison is made with 101 cases admitted between 1952 and 1960. It is our firm belief that all patients with symptoms of GER should be esophagoscoped for definitive diagnosis as well as for assessment of the esophagus. Because there is a high rate of respiratory complications in infants and children with GER, bronchoscopy should be carried out concurrently with the esophagoscopy. Infants with GER are at risk from the possibility of aspiration and it is possible that an unknown number of sudden infant death syndrome is due to this factor. The majority of patients with EHH can be managed by a medical regime. Those with esophageal strictures are treated by dilatation but many require surgical correction. PMID- 7271154 TI - Duplication of the esophagus. AB - Two patients with tubular esophageal duplications and the embryologic development of the esophagus are presented. The several theories in the formation of the esophageal duplications have been reviewed. As of yet, no definite explanation can be advanced for this developmental anomaly. PMID- 7271155 TI - Horseradish peroxidase studies in animals with neuromuscular transpositions. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is used to trace axonal connections from the motor end-plate to the driving neuron. This technique has confirmed that the neurons activating the sternothyroid muscle are located in the cervical spinal cord, while those controlling the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) are found in the nucleus ambiguus ipsilaterally. Eight rabbits underwent a sternothyroid ansa pedicle implantation to the PCA at the time of sectioning the recurrent laryngeal nerve ipsilaterally. After two months, four of these animals received HRP injections into the previously implanted PCA. Brainstem staining HRP did not reveal any retrograde transport to the motor neurons that were known to control the sternothyroid. Possible for the failure of retrograde transport are discussed. PMID- 7271156 TI - Use of videotape in diagnosis and treatment of cancer of larynx. AB - Sophisticated endoscopic techniques coupled with new developments in medical videotaping have made this combination a clinically useful technique in the diagnosis and management of laryngeal cancer. Preoperative tapings in the physician's office and taping at laryngoscopy and biopsy allow for better assessment and permanent record of size and location of lesion, location of biopsies, and physiologic impairment of laryngeal function. All personnel participating in treatment including radiotherapists, surgeons, pathologists, radiologists, chemotherapists, and speech therapists can clearly see the lesion and contribute more usefully to decisions regarding treatment. Videotaping during and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy and after partial laryngectomy can aid in assessing response to treatment, provide a permanent record for comparison, and aid in detecting treatment failure or recurrence. Finally, these techniques aid our educational process for future physicians by permanently and objectively recording the appearance of lesions, treatment, and outcome. (The presentation included actual videotape material used in the processes described.) PMID- 7271157 TI - Management of laryngotracheoesophageal cleft. AB - Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft (LTE) is a rare disorder that is still associated with a high mortality. Often the mortality is associated with other coexisting severe congenital anomalies, but even in those infants in whom the LTE cleft is the only anomaly, the mortality rate is still unacceptably high. This paper explores two avenues aimed at reducing the mortality. There are two main factors responsible for the high mortality. First, the diagnosis may be difficult and hence delayed; and second, once the diagnosis is made, management reported to date does not adequately prevent aspiration of stomach contents, which is the main mechanism of the infant's death. With respect to early diagnosis, the key symptom is respiratory distress exacerbated by attempts at feeding. The key diagnostic radiological procedure is a cineesophagram which shows a high spillover of contrast into the trachea on swallowing. The definitive diagnosis is made by endoscopy. Endoscopic evaluation can be confusing but if the anomaly is considered by the surgeon, an important maneuver at endoscopy, under general anesthesia, is to pass an endotracheal tube into the larynx. The tube stents open the edges of the cleft, which can clearly be seen while performing esophagoscopy, thus confirming the diagnosis. With respect to early management, the commonest cleft is a partial LTE cleft. Initially the airway should be maintained either by placement of an endotracheal tube or a tracheotomy. The more entensive the cleft, the more easily does the indwelling tube slip over the edge of the defect into the esophagus. In all but the mildest of clefts, gastric decompression and alimentation are required. This still allows for considerable reflux of gastric contents into the lungs, and we advocate a high total gastric section with a double gastrostomy to minimize the possibility of aspiration of stomach contents. After the infant's general condition is stabilized, definitive early surgical repair is undertaken. This paper includes a detailed case report of one patient, illustrating the above points of early diagnosis, total gastric division and early repair. PMID- 7271158 TI - Grassheads in the tracheobronchial tree: two different outcomes. AB - Many vegetable foreign bodies can produce serious pulmonary complications because of chemical irritation to the airway. Barley grass, a type of grasshead, does not induce such a reaction because of its resistance to organic decay. Complications which may occur are illustrated by the clinical course of two patients with aspiration of this foreign body. In the first patient the grasshead entered the trachea with the flowering unit first and the stem following. In the second patient the stem entered the trachea first. Recurrent pneumonias were noted in the first patient. Despite its presence in the right stem bronchus for three years, no further episodes of pneumonia followed its removal. In the second patient the grassheads could not be removed endoscopically. They migrated into the right lower lobe producing pneumonia and ultimately resulting in a brain abscess. The difference of entry of the same foreign body into the trachea, stem first versus flowering unit first, is an essential factor in altering the clinical outcome. PMID- 7271159 TI - Epiglottic laryngoplasty for complicated laryngeal stenosis. AB - The technique of epiglottic laryngoplasty, previously described for reconstruction following near total laryngectomy for glottic carcinoma, has been used in selected patients with severe glottic and subglottic stenosis. Our experience in four patients suggests that it is useful for 1) laryngeal stenosis in which there is loss or collapse of the external cartilaginous framework, and 2) laryngeal stenosis which is refractory to the usual forms of therapy. The technique is a technically simple, one-stage procedure which provides its own endolaryngeal mucosal lining, as well as autogenous cartilaginous support. It has been successful in restoring adequate airway and preserving voice without interfering with deglutition or laryngeal competence in most patients. PMID- 7271161 TI - Vascular pedicle of the tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flap. AB - We analyzed 122 lateral femoral circumflex arteries, using arteriograms and cadavers, to establish more precisely the course of the dominant vascular pedicle of the tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flap. Measurements were also done for preoperative planning. PMID- 7271160 TI - Observations on the ultrastructure of the pericranium. AB - The pericranial membrane is of great interest in corrective and reconstructive procedures of the craniofacial region. A close look at its ultrastructure reveals that the outer layer is made up of loose areolar tissue and fibroblasts, and the inner layer of osteoblasts. A network of vessels near the inner layer accounts for the ability of the pericranial layer to be used as a flap based on a narrow pedicle. PMID- 7271162 TI - Escutcheon and external genitalia reconstruction following childhood correction of urinary bladder exstrophy. AB - Experience with late escutcheon reconstruction in 4 adult patients, 2 men and 2 women, is presented. All had similar presenting complaints of abnormal external appearance of their pubic region and genitalia, as well as one or more typical related problems. Our surgical approach and correction of these conditions were simple and definitive. PMID- 7271163 TI - Carotid artery thrombosis after elective mandibular and maxillary osteotomies. AB - This is believed to be the first reported case of carotid artery thrombosis after elective maxillary or mandibular osteotomy. The most likely cause was a sudden, sharp blow to the right carotid artery region either when the mandibular split was completed or when the maxillary tuberosity was separated. The blow was associated with neck hyperextension and some lateral flexion. In a patient with tight, underdeveloped soft tissue, the resultant intimal tear caused thrombosis of the artery. Although this event is associated with a 40% mortality and further 52% serious morbidity, our patient has regained nearly full neurological function -probably thanks to a competent circle of Willis that allowed adequate collateral flow to the brain. PMID- 7271164 TI - Groin flap phallus reconstruction with new method of urethroplasty. AB - Surgical reconstruction of the phallus and urethra is normally difficult and time consuming. A case is reported using a groin flap for the phallus and tubed, skin grafted fascia for the urethra. The new urethra showed little contracture and was easy to construct. PMID- 7271166 TI - Dropped lateral wall syndrome--the No. 2 complication in rhinoplasty. AB - A new technique of infracturing the lateral wall, using a "chisel forceps," allows precise infracturing without tearing of the periosteal attachments in the nasion region. This technique has so far also prevented double fracturing of the lateral walls so difficult to treat in the past. PMID- 7271165 TI - Palatopharyngeal and lower extremity soft tissue loss in an infant secondary to Pseudomonas gangrenous cellulitis. AB - Ecthyma gangrenosum, the rapidly fulminating tissue infarction of Pseudomonas sepsis, presents as one of the more spectacular disease processes. A case involving sloughing of the soft palate, pharyngeal walls, and 40% of one extremity in an infant is presented. Fever and diarrhea are the usual nondescript precursors. The lesions are impressive for their lack of visible inflammatory response or granulation tissue. Early debridement is mandatory for resolution of the toxic condition. PMID- 7271167 TI - Plastic surgery in Tunisia--an experience with CARE/MEDICO. AB - From October, 1978, to October, 1979, the author worked for CARE/MEDICO in Tunisia. The purpose of this stay was to initiate the formation of a plastic surgery program at the Aziza Othmana, a university-affiliated hospital in Tunis. The roles of the Visiting Volunteer Specialist and contract surgeon are described. The major difficulty in establishing a long-term project was the failure of the host country to provide a counterpart to codirect the service and ensure continuity of the training program. Though overseas work has many rewards, the author suggests that several short tours of duty precede a longer commitment. PMID- 7271169 TI - Plastic surgery in Brazil. PMID- 7271168 TI - The nasal tip in bilateral and unilateral harelip. AB - The anatomy of harelip is described, as well as attempts to correct it- bilaterally and unilaterally--in a manner producing normal nasal tips. PMID- 7271170 TI - The management of congenital radial aplasia. PMID- 7271172 TI - The nasal ala in rhinoplasty--a new approach. PMID- 7271171 TI - Reduction mammaplasty--variations I and II. PMID- 7271173 TI - Frontoorbital remodeling in congenital craniofacial deformities. PMID- 7271174 TI - The use of galea flaps in craniofacial deformities. PMID- 7271175 TI - Simultaneous facelift and chemical peel. PMID- 7271178 TI - Liquid silicone in the dorsum of the hand. PMID- 7271177 TI - Treatment of baldness in Brazil. PMID- 7271176 TI - Free flaps for reconstruction of the lower extremity. AB - Experience with the use of free flaps for lower extremity reconstruction during the period 1973 to 1980 is reviewed. From 1973 to 1977, 12 groin and 2 deltopectoral flaps were used, with 8 successes and 6 failures. From 1978 to 1980, 19 myocutaneous flaps (15 latissimus dorsi, 3 tensor fascia lata, and 1 osteocutaneous groin flap based on the deep circumflex vessels) were performed, 17 successfully and 2 unsuccessfully. The reasons for the improved results seem to be the longer and bigger vascular pedicle, the use of more end-to-side arterial anastomoses, and the choice of arterial trunks that are more distal and easier to work with. For these reasons, myocutaneous free flaps are the flap of choice for microsurgical soft tissue reconstruction of the lower limb. PMID- 7271179 TI - Reconstruction of hypopharynx and cervical esophagus with pectoralis major island myocutaneous flap. PMID- 7271180 TI - Angiographic analysis of the first metatarsal arteries and its clinical applications. AB - Twenty-five feet (18 patients) plus 2 traumatically amputated feet were used for angiographic analysis of the first metatarsal arteries. The author classified the first (dorsal and plantar) metatarsal arteries into three types: the first dorsal metatarsal artery, dominant type (seen in 17 feet), the first plantar metatarsal artery, dominant type (seen in 8 feet), and the intermediate type (seen in 2 feet). The serial angiograms taken under optimum conditions were of considerable value in preoperative assessment. Nine toe-to-hand, 1 toe-to-nose, 5 free flap, and 2 island flap transfers in which the foot was utilized as a donor site were successfully performed. Many of the procedures were undertaken with angiograms for reference. Anatomical studies of the first metatarsal artery reported in the literature are also discussed. PMID- 7271182 TI - Sexual identity and prophylactic mastectomy. AB - The psychological adjustment of women following prophylactic mastectomy with reconstruction has not been evaluated. This study reviews this problem in 9 women chosen at random from the practice of two surgeons. The sexual identity of the women and its effect upon the outcome of their surgery was of particular interest. The surgeon's perception of problems of adjustment and the difference in the patient's and surgeon's evaluation of operative results were considered. The study included interviews with a psychiatrist, a questionnaire for the surgeon, and a subjective evaluation of operative results by both patient and surgeon. A high degree of psychopathology, particularly depression, was encountered. Most women had a relatively weak sexual identity preoperatively. In most instances the surgeon was not alerted to the patient's troubled feelings. Though psychopathology was evident, it does not seem to indicate that the patient will have difficulty accepting the results of surgery. We suggest that women who deny their sexuality might adjust to this surgery more easily. Psychiatric consultation appears to aid patient management. PMID- 7271181 TI - Total surgical management of Binder's syndrome. AB - Binder's syndrome consists of nasomaxillary hypoplasia with a characteristic nasal deformity. Occlusion may be normal or class III. The cephalometric appearances are almost characteristic. The Le Fort II osteotomy is ideal for correcting the problem, though initial results were not entirely satisfactory because of incomplete correction of the nasal deformity. Over the past few years the periosteum of the floor and lateral walls of the pyriform cavity has been widely dissected to obtain adequate nasal advancement. The alar base, nostril sill, and nasal spine area have been selectively augmented with carved bone or cartilage grafts. Lengthening of the columella has been achieved by advancement of bilateral nostril sill flaps into the columella. Advancement of the maxilla with a previously normal occlusion may require orthodontic treatment, either preoperatively or postoperatively, to ensure normal occlusion. The authors have treated 26 patients with this condition over the last ten years. PMID- 7271183 TI - Survival of skin flaps based on scar. PMID- 7271184 TI - Total breast reconstruction. PMID- 7271185 TI - Colloquium: total breast reconstruction. PMID- 7271186 TI - Surgical treatment of facial deformity secondary to acromegaly. PMID- 7271187 TI - Combined forehead and bilateral cheek flaps for resurfacing a large dorsal nasal defect. PMID- 7271188 TI - Report on surgical manpower and the career structure. PMID- 7271189 TI - The cryoprobe and the laser beam. An assessment of their role in the treatment of oral and facial disease. Abstracts. PMID- 7271190 TI - Surgical aspects of carcinoma of the thyroid gland. AB - The distribution of histological types, presenting symptoms, and treatment in a series of 29 cases of carcinoma of the thyroid gland are described. The treatment policy adopted in such cases is outlined. PMID- 7271192 TI - Hip surgery: an aid to lateral positioning. AB - A new operating table accessory is described, the object of which is to assist in restraining the pelvis in the lateral position for operations such as total hip replacement without impeding venous drainage from the site of operation. PMID- 7271191 TI - Appendicectomy in children: a plea for the use of the transverse pararectal approach. AB - A retrospective study of 100 consecutive emergency appendicectomies in children is presented. All were performed through the transverse pararectal incision, the details of which are briefly outlined. A low rate of wound infection was present. It is suggested that this was mainly due to the approach, which combines atraumatic access with safety. The aim of the study is to dispel the reluctance of surgeons to adopt this incision in children. PMID- 7271193 TI - Amputation for peripheral vascular disease: experience of a district general hospital. AB - Two hundred and ninety major lower-limb amputations were performed on 286 patients during the period 1969-79. The early mortality rate was 6.9%. The mean age of the amputees was 70.2 (range 35-91) years. The commonest site for amputation was above the knee (77.2%). Failure to obtain immediate satisfactory healing of the stump occurred in 18.4% and reamputation was required in 5.6%. The hospital mortality rate was 25.5%. Routine prophylactic penicillin was not given. One patient developed gas gangrene. PMID- 7271194 TI - Surgery in western Kenya. AB - Experience gained during 2 1/2 years' work as chief government surgeon for Nyanza Province, Kenya, is outlined. The wide variety of surgical conditions encountered and the problems posed in dealing with these by a chronic shortage of essential drugs, instruments, hospital facilities, and fully qualified staff are emphasised. It is suggested that at present the solution must lie in wider instruction in surgical techniques for general duties officers and clinical officers together with energetic community health, family planning, and preventive medicine programmes. PMID- 7271195 TI - Dupuytren's contracture: the deferred Z-plasty. AB - The technique of dissecting Dupuytren's contracture through a straight incision placed along the contracting band and deferring Z-plasty to be performed as a secondary procedure is safe, simple, and short and allows maximum skin viability and earliest mobilisation. PMID- 7271196 TI - The results of cholecystectomy at a district general hospital. A reappraisal of operative cholangiography. AB - A total of 487 cholecystectomies were performed at one hospital over a 44-month period by surgeons who differed considerably in the frequency with which they performed operative cholangiography. There were no differences in the frequency or severity of postoperative complications or recurrent symptoms between patients who did and those who did not undergo operative cholangiography; nor were any differences demonstrable between patients operated on by different surgeons. Although it is established that operative cholangiography will demonstrate otherwise unsuspected common bile duct stones in some patients, it has not yet been clearly proved that these stones would cause later complications if left undisturbed. The clinical advantages of operative cholangiography are not sufficiently clear to preclude their assessment by prospective controlled studies involving large numbers of patients. PMID- 7271197 TI - Long saphenous vein stripping under local anaesthesia. PMID- 7271198 TI - [Labial function. Its role in facial morphogenesis]. PMID- 7271199 TI - [The lips. An anatomic study]. PMID- 7271200 TI - [Psychophysiologic aspect of orality in man]. PMID- 7271202 TI - [The commissure of the lips. A moving structure of variable geometry]. PMID- 7271203 TI - [Cicatrices of the lips. Classification and principles of repair]. PMID- 7271201 TI - [The lips, mutilations and repair]. PMID- 7271204 TI - [Repair of the upper lip]. PMID- 7271205 TI - [Medial cleft of the lower lip]. PMID- 7271206 TI - [Technical problems and indications for transfer of the pulp of the toe]. PMID- 7271207 TI - [Pedicled skin-bone composite inguinal flap for emergency hand repairs. Discussion apropos of a case of reconstruction of the thumb]. PMID- 7271208 TI - [Double LLL: another bi-lobed flap]. PMID- 7271209 TI - [Diffuse cystic lymphangioma of the face and neck]. PMID- 7271210 TI - [A case of cervico-facial tuberous hemangioma followed from the 1st to the 10th year]. PMID- 7271211 TI - [20 patients operated on for Launois-Bensaude disease]. PMID- 7271212 TI - [The Los Alfaques disaster]. PMID- 7271213 TI - Precancerous conditions of the stomach. PMID- 7271214 TI - Gastritis, its fate and sequelae. PMID- 7271215 TI - The behaviour of gastritis and related conditions in different population samples. PMID- 7271216 TI - Dynamic behaviour of gastritis in various populations and subpopulations. PMID- 7271217 TI - Immunology of chronic gastritis. AB - 65 patients with chronic gastritis and 12 controls with normal gastric mucosa were studied for cell-mediated immunity by the means of the lymphocyte blasttransformation and leukocyte migration inhibition tests. In these patients parietal cell antibodies were determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test as well. In 22 patients who had eigher isolated fundal gastritis, isolated antral gastritis or pangastritis cellular immune reactions to fundal or/and antral mucosal antigen extracts were revealed, whereas only 8 had parietal cell antibodies in their sera. It is suggested that for immunological characterization of chronic gastritis the evaluation of cellular immune reactions must be undertaken as well as antibody determinations. PMID- 7271218 TI - Screening of type A gastritis. PMID- 7271219 TI - Intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma. PMID- 7271220 TI - Family behaviour of gastric carcinoma. AB - The etiology of gastric carcinoma was investigated by the family study method. Familial factors had no great significance when gastric carcinoma was treated as a single disease. The role of familial factors could be demonstrated much better when gastric carcinomas were divided into histological subgroups. They appeared to be significant in the aetiology only of diffuse gastric carcinoma. The analysis based on the age and sex of the patient indicated that familial factors were associated with gastric carcinoma only in females, particularly young females. PMID- 7271221 TI - Family characteristics of gastric carcinoma. PMID- 7271222 TI - Gastric ulcer, gastritis and gastric carcinoma. AB - The results of an endoscopic study of the incidence of gastritis and gastric cancer in gastric ulcer in a series of 112 patients 1 to 4 years (mean 2.6 years) after the initial examination are presented. Chronic antral gastritis was found in 48 % of cases and was mainly atrophic. In 10 cases both the antral and body mucosa were normal. In 11 cases the antral mucosa was normal before treatment and remained normal in most of them. During the observation period 5 patients died from other than gastrointestinal diseases. Eleven patients were operated on for complications or relapses of ulcer disease. Gastric cancer was found in 4 cases, the interval between the diagnoses of benign ulcer and cancer was from 1 to 27 months. Elevation of the blood carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level was found in 17 cases out of 56 examined and these values remained elevated in most cases at re-examination 3 years later. PMID- 7271223 TI - Gastric polyps and gastric carcinoma. PMID- 7271224 TI - The morphology and dynamics of the gastric mucosa after partial gastrectomy. PMID- 7271225 TI - Occurrence of gastric mucosal erosions and their association with other upper gastrointestinal disease: a study of patients examined by elective gastroscopy. PMID- 7271227 TI - Effect of vitamin B-6 on plasma and red blood cell magnesium levels in premenopausal women. AB - The effect of 100 mg of vitamin B6 twice a day on plasma and red blood cell (RBC) magnesium was evaluated in nine premenopausal subjects during the period of one month. According to reported normal ranges for plasma and RBC magnesium (1.7 to 2.3 and 4.7 to 7.0, mg per dl, respectively), three subjects had low plasma magnesium, and all subjects had low RBC magnesium during the control period. Following vitamin B6 administration, the mean plasma and RBC magnesium levels were significantly elevated, with a doubling of RBC levels after four weeks of therapy. These results support the postulate that vitamin B6 plays a fundamental role in the active transport of minerals across cell membranes. PMID- 7271226 TI - Epidemiology and genetics of lactose malabsorption. PMID- 7271228 TI - Penicillin- and barium-induced epileptiform bursting in hippocampal neurons: actions on Ca++ and K+ potentials. AB - Both barium (Ba++) and penicillin produce spontaneous epileptiform burst generation in hippocampal neurons in vitro. Recent investigations suggest that Ba++ acts by both adding to a calcium (Ca++)-mediated depolarization and reducing potassium (K+) conductance. In contrast, it has been proposed that penicillin produces burst generation by attenuating inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. However, some evidence suggests that penicillin may also directly alter intrinsic membrane properties. We therefore compared the actions of penicillin and Ba++ on three intrinsic Ca++- or K+-mediated membrane events, namely, CA++ spikes, Ca++ dependent anomalous rectification, and K+-dependent afterhyperpolarization. Ba++ augmented the Ca++ potentials and attenuated the K+-dependent afterhyperpolarization; penicillin had no demonstrable effect on these events. Ba++ produced rhythmical burst firing and oscillations of the membrane potentials, while penicillin caused sporadic burst generation followed by a longlasting afterhyperpolarization. Synchronized, orthodromically evoked burst firing occurred after exposure to penicillin but not to Ba++. Ba++ and penicillin are prototypes of agents which induce epileptogenesis in mammalian cortical neurons by two different but probably interrelated mechanisms. Ba++ causes burst generation by disrupting a delicate balance between depolarizing Ca++ potentials and repolarizing, hyperpolarizing K+ potentials. Penicillin does not affect Ca++- or K+-mediated membrane events; other data suggest that it produces burst generation in hippocampal pyramidal neurons by attenuating gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated synaptic inhibition, which in turn ordinarily limits intrinsic bursting. PMID- 7271229 TI - Sleep apnea and hypoventilation syndrome associated with acquired nonprogressive dysautonomia: clinical and pathological studies in a child. AB - A 6-year-old girl had subacute onset of hypoventilation and apnea during sleep. Diffuse dysautonomic changes were identified, including dilated, nonreactive pupils, decreased tearing and sweating, and abnormal temperature and cardiovascular control. All-night polysomnographic studies revealed frequent obstructive and central sleep apnea episodes. Her serum contained cytotoxic antineuroblastoma immunoglobulins. She died two years later during sleep. The general pathological examination revealed a ganglioneuroma originating in the sympathetic ganglia. Abnormalities in the brain were confined to the brainstem and consisted of complete loss of neurons with severe fibrillary gliosis in the region of the Edinger-Westphal nuclei as well as loss of neurons with gliosis in the locus ceruleus and in the reticular formation bilaterally. PMID- 7271230 TI - Confrontation visual field techniques in the detection of anterior visual pathway lesions. AB - The accuracy of a variety of finger and color confrontation tests in identifying chiasmal and optic nerve visual field defects was assessed in patients whose field defects had been established beforehand by a conventional achromatic kinetic technique on the Goldmann perimeter. Kinetic and static finger confrontation methods identified an average of 42% of the 28 chiasmal hemianopic defects. False negatives included eyes with hemianopias complete to the largest (V4e) Goldmann isopter. False positives (average, 15%) occurred in eyes containing nerve fiber bundle defects with borders that fell near the vertical fixational meridian. Kinetic and static color confrontation techniques were 78.6% sensitive to hemianopias. Accuracy did not differ significantly whether the red target was presented kinetically or statically against the tangent screen, projected on the Autoplot screen, or held in the examiner's hand without attention to background. False positives (average, 23%) were slightly greater than with finger confrontation methods and occurred not only in eyes with nerve fiber bundle defects but also in eyes with no defects in reference visual fields. Finger confrontation identified 11% or fewer of optic nerve field defects, while some color techniques detected as many as 31 1/3%. There were no false positives. PMID- 7271231 TI - Acute thallium poisoning: toxicological and morphological studies of the nervous system. AB - Nine days following ingestion of 5 to 10 gm of thallium nitrate, a young man died with severe cranial and peripheral neuropathy, anuria, and heart failure. Ultrastructural examination of nerves obtained on days 7 and 9 demonstrated axonal degeneration with secondary myelin loss. Axons were swollen and contained distended mitochondria and vacuoles. Thallium levels in more than twenty organs and body fluids ranged from below 1.0 to 178 microgram/gm; concentrations in twenty areas of the nervous system ranged from 29 to 140 microgram/gm. The highest brain levels of thallium were found in gray matter. In the thalamus, 87% of the thallium was present in cell sap. Tissue concentrations of thallium did not parallel those reported for potassium, suggesting that thallium distribution differs from potassium distribution in human beings. PMID- 7271232 TI - Iris pigmentation (melanin) in idiopathic dystonic syndromes including torticollis. AB - Iris pigmentation was evaluated in 153 Caucasian patients with torticollis and other focal, segmental, or generalized dystonias of unknown cause. Since these disorders are rare in non-Caucasians, it was hypothesized that a relationship might exist between decreased melanin metabolism, reflected by iris pigmentation, and a genetic predisposition to these disorders of voluntary movement. Patients were separated into two groups on the basis of iris pigmentation. Compared to control groups, there was a statistically significant reversal in the ratio of patients with light eyes versus dark eyes. Further comparisons were made in two groups of patients with drug-induced nonparkinsonian dyskinesias; no significant correlation was found between their dyskinetic syndrome and iris pigmentation. Data concerning race, ethnic origin, and other disorders of the basal ganglia support the hypothesis that there may be genetic predilection in individuals whose metabolic pathways produce less systemic melanin. PMID- 7271233 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of Canavan's disease. AB - Computed tomography (CT scan) demonstrated a symmetrical decrease in white matter attenuation of the cerebral hemispheres of two young children with macrocephaly and normal neurological examination. Subsequent developmental delay led to brain biopsy, which documented Canavan's disease (spongy degeneration of the brain, Van Bogaert-Bertrand type). The CT scans obtained from these patients with proved Canavan's disease appeared to be quite characteristic in differentiating this disorder from Alexander's disease and adrenoleukodystrophy (Schilder's disease). The CT scan may decrease the necessity for diagnostic brain biopsy in these white matter disorders. PMID- 7271234 TI - Urinary retention as a sole symptom of intracranial calcified mass at the rolandic fissure. PMID- 7271235 TI - L-dopa-resistant Parkinsonism due to dopa decarboxylase deficiency? PMID- 7271237 TI - 106th annual meeting of the American Neurological Association, September 14-16, 1981, San Francisco. Abstracts. PMID- 7271236 TI - Rearranged equation for determining local cerebral glucose utilization. PMID- 7271238 TI - Methioninemia and myopathy: a new disorder. AB - A 7 1/2-year-old girl with hypermethioninemia, myopathy, and mental deficiency (IQ = 65) is described. The increased methionine was not associated with deficiency of methionine adenosyltransferase, which was normal or increased in liver, muscle, erythrocytes, and cultured fibroblasts. Methionyl-tRNA synthetase in fibroblasts was normal. The hypermethioninemia and a concurrently increased blood S-adenosylmethionine declined on a diet low in methionine. There was a diffuse, symmetrical, moderate proximal muscle weakness, but muscle atrophy was not discernible, and the deep tendon reflexes were hypoactive but obtainable. Electromyographic abnormalities were not detected. Electron microscopy of muscle revealed 3 to 6 small myelin figures in the region of the I band in nearly every fiber, with occasional myelin figures at other sites also. These myelin figures were more numerous and smaller than those seen accompanying nonspecific myopathies and may reflect a more specific pathological change. Electron microscopy of liver revealed three nonspecific lesions in all hepatocytes: (1) numerous megamitochondria with crystalloid deposit in the matrix; (2) increased numbers of small vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum; and (3) loss of plasma membrane microvilli, with extensive bleb formation and shedding of cytoplasm into Disse's space. PMID- 7271239 TI - Mood change following left hemispheric brain injury. AB - Eighteen patients with left hemispheric strokes were compared to 11 patients with traumatic brain injury for frequency and severity of depression, using several mood scales. More than 60% of the stroke patients had clinically significant depressions as compared with about 20% of the trauma patients, even though the two groups had comparable impairments in their activities of daily living and global cognitive functions. Analyses of brain CT scans revealed that the two groups had similar-sized lesions, but the areas of ischemic injury were more anterior than the traumatic lesions. When the results were controlled for lesion location, there were no significant differences in mood between the two groups. The severity of depression was directly correlated with the closeness of the lesion to the frontal pole. These results suggest that depression following left hemispheric brain injury may not be a nonspecific neurological or psychological response, but rather may be a symptom of injury to specific pathways, such as the catecholamine-containing ones, as they pass through the frontal cortex. PMID- 7271240 TI - Cerebral blood flow following normovolemic hemodilution in patients with high hematocrit. AB - The effects on cerebral hemodynamics of venisection and a 4% albumin-saline infusion were studied in six patients with high hematocrit (mean, 51.5%). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured using the xenon 133 intracarotid injection method. Blood gases were measured in arterial and jugular venous blood. Rapid two stage hemodilution, which lowered mean hematocrit by 9 and 13%, resulted in CBF increases of 19 and 23%, respectively. Jugular venous partial pressure of oxygen and oxygen delivery capacity (CBF x arterial oxygen content) did not change significantly from baseline. The cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen increased slightly following stage 1 hemodilution but returned to baseline value following stage 2. The study lends no support to the concept that patients whose hematocrit is at the high end of the normal range have generalized cerebral hypoxia. PMID- 7271241 TI - Neurogenic pulmonary edema in unexpected, unexplained death of epileptic patients. AB - Eight cases of unexpected, unexplained death in young ambulatory epileptics were examined postmortem with special attention to the heart and lungs. Lung weights uniformly exceeded the expected value, with gross evidence of hemorrhagic pulmonary edema. Microscopic examination revealed moderate to severe pulmonary edema with protein-rich fluid as well as alveolar hemorrhage. There was no evidence of recent or old myocardial disease. Although death due to a seizure is usually thought to be almost instantaneous, the neurogenic pulmonary edema exemplified by these cases takes time to develop and may be remediable. The high frequency of absent or non-therapeutic anticonvulsant levels at the time of death in these patients may play a role in a possible centrally mediated adrenergic cause of neurogenic pulmonary edema and ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 7271242 TI - Local cerebral glucose utilization in thermally traumatized rat brain. AB - Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was studied using the 14C-deoxyglucose method in rats with focal thermally induced lesions in the left parietal cortex. A depression of LCGU developed with time after production of the lesion, being most prominent throughout the cortical areas of the lesioned hemisphere: 42 +/- 2% (SE) of normal 3 days after the lesion was induced. Corresponding results in other regions were: contralateral cortical areas, 86 +/- 2%; ipsilateral and contralateral subcortical structures, 74 +/- 2% and 84 +/- 1%, respectively. Brainstem structures were not affected. In white matter, bilateral depression of LCGU reached its peak 24 hours after production of the lesion--the reduction ipsilateral to the lesion was 61 +/- 4% of normal and the contralateral reduction was 64 +/- 4%. LCGU returned to normal within 5 days in all affected areas. No corresponding changes in local cerebral blood flow were observed. These results suggest a widespread depression in the functional state of traumatized brain. PMID- 7271243 TI - Canine inherited ataxia. AB - A previously unrecognized canine disorder consists of familial cortical cerebellar degeneration with many characteristics that are similar to inherited ataxias in humans. The disease occurs in Gordon setters and appears to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The dogs appear normal during the first 6 months of life, but between 6 and 12 months of age they develop a broad based gait and dysmetria, followed by truncal ataxia. Nystagmus occurs late. The disorder is slowly and insidiously progressive. Neuropathological examination shows atrophy of the cerebellar cortex, particularly the pars intermedia. There is loss of Purkinje and granule cells, more severe in older dogs. Other parts of the neuraxis appear normal. These pathological changes resemble those of the familial human cerebellar cortical atrophies. PMID- 7271244 TI - Cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in postoperative cerebral vasospasm and treatment with hypertensive therapy. AB - A 24-year-old woman developed subarachnoid hemorrhage from an aneurysm at the bifurcation of the right internal carotid artery. Following successful clipping of the aneurysm she developed a left hemiplegia associated with focal cerebral vasospasm, which markedly improved when systemic blood pressure was raised with intravenous dopamine infusion. Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilization were significantly depressed in both cerebral hemispheres, while blood volume was significantly elevated only on the side with vasospasm. Oxygen extraction was significantly elevated in both hemispheres, indicating a generalized impairment in oxygen delivery to the brain. PMID- 7271245 TI - Preservation of the phrenic motoneurons in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease. AB - A neuropathological study on spinal cords at the third, fourth, and fifth cervical levels in 4 patients with Werdnig-Hoffmann disease revealed marked, generalized loss of motoneurons except for a cluster of large or medium-sized ones in the most medial portion of the anteromedial cell group. These well preserved neurons were regarded as the phrenic motoneurons because diaphragmatic movement was the only muscle activity that remained until the last stage of illness. Furthermore, in its location and its cytoarchitectonic and neuronal characteristics, this neuronal cluster coincides with the phrenic nucleus as previously localized in the spinal cords of patients with phrenicotomy. PMID- 7271246 TI - Baclofen in the treatment of stiff-man syndrome. AB - Baclofen, 90 mg daily, was given to a patient with stiff-man syndrome diagnosed by electromyography and clinical criteria. The patient, bedridden for three years, experienced a decrease in rigidity, cramping, stiffness, and spasm and was able to walk on the thirtieth day of treatment. PMID- 7271247 TI - Gaze paresis in amitriptyline overdose. PMID- 7271248 TI - [Exclusion of propyl alcohol from the medium for culturing the erythromycin producer]. AB - Propyl alcohol is a precursor of erythromycin. It is one of the components of the medium for production of the antibiotic. Still, this raw material has an unfavorable effect on employees and is fire hazardous. The results of the development of the erythromycin-producing organism are presented. A strain requiring no propyl alcohol as a precursor in the medium and producing the same amounts of the antibiotic was obtained by means of step-wise selection with the use of a mutagen. PMID- 7271249 TI - [Significance of pH for the growth of the sisomicin producer and biosynthesis of the antibiotic]. AB - Dependence of the mycelium growth and sisomycin production on the pH values of the fermentation broth was studied in cultures of various ages for 6 hours with the method of pH control within the preset levels. It was shown that the values of pH within the range of 7.25 - 7.6 were optimal. The pH values of 7.5 - 8.0 and 7.0 - 8.0 were optimal for the growth of the 24-hour culture and biosynthesis of the antibiotic by it respectively. pH 7.5 was optimal for the growth of the 48 hour mycelium and biosynthesis of the antibiotic by it. PMID- 7271250 TI - [Polyene antibiotic solubilization by bile acid salts in aqueous solutions]. AB - The process of solubilization of polyenic antibiotics, such as amphotericin B, mycoheptin, levorin and nystatin in aqueous solutions of sodium salts of bile acids: desoxycholic, cholic and dehydrocholic was studied. It was shown that amphotericin B and mycoheptin had the highest capacity for solubilization. No solubilization of the antibiotics was observed in the solutions of sodium dehydrocholate. Thermodynamic estimation of the solubilization process with sodium desoxycholate is presented. PMID- 7271251 TI - [Initial indices for calculating the integral criteria of the effectiveness of the enzyme immobilization procedure]. AB - The possibility of using a simplified model of the kinetics of the enzymatic process catalyzed by the immobilized enzyme for definition of the integral criteria for the efficacy of the immobilization process is theoretically validated. The means for determination of the initial characteristics for these criteria, i.e. the constants of the inactivation rate of the immobilized enzyme and the critical value of the catalyst activity are discussed. The use of the catalyst under the manufacturing conditions at the value lower than the critical one is not advisable. PMID- 7271252 TI - [Dynamics of the biosynthesis of nystatin components by Act. noursei, strain 153 under controlled culture conditions]. AB - The ratio of the nystatin components produced under various cultivation conditions was studied. It was found to change during the greater part of the fermentation period and depend on the carbohydrate content in the medium. Under the conditions of the uncontrolled batch process the ratio of components A1 and A2 during the first 36 hours of the cultivation changed from 7.2 to 6.2. When the rate of the antibiotic synthesis was maximum (42 - 72 hours), the ratio of A1 and A2 components was practically constant and equal to 5.5 - 5.2. Beginning from the 72nd hour, when the rate of nystatin synthesis decreased, the ratio of A1 and A2 components increased up to 6.6 - 9.0. Periodical addition of high amounts of glucose during the idiophase promoted activation of the synthesis of the less active A1 component. On momentous addition of glucose in the amounts of 1, 2 and 3 per cent the ratio of A1 and A2 components increased by the end of the process up to 14.3, 16.6 and 22.4 respectively. The data suggest that the nystatin components and especially the active A2 component which is more stable on storage are sensitive to accumulation of glucose catabolites. PMID- 7271253 TI - [Acid-base properties of the polyene antibiotic nystatin]. AB - The acid-base properties and transformation of nystatin in water, methanol, 80 per cent ethanol, 70 per cent propanol and 70 per cent dimethylsulfoxide were studied. The data are indicative of a significant difference in the protolytic properties of the antibiotic in various solutions. Nonreversible conformative conversions of nystatin in water and methanol not connected with the loss of the antibiotic activity were observed. It is suggested that the molecule of nystatin in the above solutions could be in 3 main states, i. e. inert native and activated. The results of the study may be of use in development of the schemes for isolation of nystatin from the mycelium preparation of some of its water soluble forms. PMID- 7271254 TI - [Effect of bacitracin and other drugs on the synthesis of the antibiotic itself (bacitracin) by a Bacillus licheniformis culture]. AB - The type and level of resistance of Bac. licheniformis 1001 to the antibiotic produced by it, i. e. bacitracin and the effect of bacitracin and some other drugs on the culture variation with respect to the feature of the antibiotic production were studied. It was found that strain 1001 possessed an inducible resistance to its own antibiotic. In addition, a cross inducible resistance to bacitracin and penicillin was observed. The mutations of the resistance to bacitracin, as well as streptomycin, rifampicin and sulfaethidole had no effect on bacitracin production by strain 1001. PMID- 7271255 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of nystatin]. AB - New equations for spectrophotometric calculation of the concentrations of nystatin and its semiproducts in the finished drugs are presented. The results obtained with the use of these equations correlated with those of the biological assay. It was found that the difference in the standard deviations with regard to the one-point procedure for the assay of nystatin, the method of 3 equidistant wavelengths and the method of the background algebraic correction was statistically insignificant. The one-point procedure for the assay of nystatin based on measuring the solution optical density at one wavelength, i. e. 304.5 nm should be considered most handy in practice. PMID- 7271256 TI - [Determination of the biological activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics on a dry nutrient medium of Soviet manufacture]. AB - Possible use of the dry nutrient medium manufactured in the USSR for the assay of aminoglycoside antibiotic activity with the agar diffusion method was studied. The optimal conditions for the antibiotic activity assay on this medium were developed. The dry nutrient medium may be used for the activity assay of the aminoglycoside antibiotics, i. e. streptomycin sulfate, dihydrostreptomycin sulfate, neomycin sulfate, monomycin and gentamicin sulfate. PMID- 7271257 TI - [Biological equivalence study of chlortetracycline preparations used in veterinary medicine]. AB - The biological availability of chlortetracycline oral preparations used in veterinary biovit-80, biovetin and chlortetracycline) was studied on pigs. It was found that a single administration of biovit-80 or biovetin in a dose of 25,000 units kg of the body weight calculated for the chemically pure antibiotic did not provide sufficiently high therapeutic levels of the antibiotic in the blood of the pigs. The dose of biovetin biologically equivalent to 25,000 units/kg of chlortetracycline hydrochloride was 62 500 units/kg and exceeded the recommended one by 2.5 times, while equivalent dose of biovit-80 exceeded the recommended one by more than 2.5 times. PMID- 7271258 TI - [Antimicrobial activity of chlorine-substituted 4-alkyl- and arylphenols]. AB - The results of the study on the antimicrobial activity of 12 chlorine-substituted 4-alkyl- and arylphenols against Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Salmonella typhosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Candida, Trichophyton gypseum and Microsporum lanosum are presented. It was found that introduction of the alkyl substitute to position 4 of orthochlorphenol increased the activity of the substances against the majority of test microbes. The antimicrobial effect of the substances depended on the length and structure of the alkyl radical. With an increase in the number of the carbon atoms in the alkyl radical from 3 to 7 and in the presence of the cyclic radical C5 - C6 the antimicrobial activity of the substances increased. PMID- 7271259 TI - [Increase in novobiocin activity and an expansion of its antimicrobial action spectrum]. AB - It was found that with an increase in the medium acidity (pH 6.0 - 6.2) the antistaphylococcal effect of novobiocin significantly rose and the drug began to inhibit gram-negative bacteria, in particular, P. aeruginosa and Proteus. The method efficacy was demonstrated on a limited number of patients with urological infections caused by P. aeruginosa and increased acidity of the urine (because of cranberry juice use). Wider observations in patients with urological and some other diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria are advisable. PMID- 7271260 TI - [Prodigiozan as an activator of peritoneal macrophages]. AB - The quantitative cytochemical investigation of the prodigiozan effect on the enzymatic activity of the peritoneal macrophages was performed on mice. The drug was administered in a single dose of 150 microgram/kg 24 hours before the specimen collection. Prodigiozan promoted a reliable increase in the activity of the enzymes participating in glycolysis (lactate and cytoplasmic alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenases), hexoso-monophosphatic pathway of glucose oxidation (glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), succinate dehydrogenase, NADP. N diaphorase and lysosomal enzymes, such as acid phosphatase and non-specific alpha naphthyl acetate esterase. The changes indicate that activation of the macrophages is one of the significant mechanisms of increasing the host nonspecific resistance with prodigiozan. PMID- 7271261 TI - [Effectiveness of amphoglucamine in experimental candidiasis in sex hormone administration]. AB - The efficacy of amphoglucamine was tested on male and female albino mice infected intravenously with Candida albicans and treated with testosterone and folliculin in doses of 1 mg and 10 units per mouse respectively. It was shown that 0.25 per cent of the experimental mice treated with testosterone alone survived, while the use of amphoglucamine alone in a dose of 1 mg/kg per os provided the survival of 0.5 per cent of the animals. With the use of the both drugs in combination almost all animals survived. Combined treatment with amphoglucamine and folliculin was not effective: isolation of Candida from all organs persisted, the spleen index changed insignificantly. Under the effect of testosterone the level of the spleen contamination was lower as compared to the control. The use of testosterone for a definite period of time promoted elimination of Candida from the internal organs. No significant difference in the titers of the complement-binding antibodies in the group of the mice treated with both the drugs was observed. It is suggested that the effect of the sex hormones on the fungus infection is associated with changing of the cell protective mechanisms. PMID- 7271262 TI - [Gentamicin in the treatment of suppurative diseases of the cornea]. PMID- 7271263 TI - [Effect of the inoculum on tobramycin biosynthesis]. AB - The effect of the quality and quantity of the inoculum on the biosynthesis of tobramycin was studied. The medium with corn steep liquor and glycerol was found to be the optimal seed medium for the tobramycin-producing organism. It is required that the fermentation medium be supplemented with 2 per cent of the vegetative inoculum at the stationary growth phase or with an increased amount of the seed material at the exponential growth phase or at the early stage of the culture dying. Subculturing of the inoculum decreases the level of tobramycin production at the fermentation stage: when the culture of the 5th--6th generation is used, the activity of the fermentation broth decreases by 30--50 per cent. PMID- 7271264 TI - [Oxidative-reductive activity of the mycelium as a criterion for assessing inoculate quality in gentamycin biosynthesis]. AB - The development of the seed mycelium at various stages and temperatures was studied with the method of methylene blue decolorization characterizing the respiration level of the culture and its oxidation-reduction (dehydrogenase) activity. Relationship between the time of methylene blue decolorization by the seed mycelium, the quantity of the inoculum transferred from one stage to the other and the temperature of cultivation was shown. The seed mycelium decolorizing methylene blue within 2 minutes was most productive at the biosynthetic stage irrespective of the growth period, biomass volume, cultivation temperature and volume of the inoculum transferred from one stage to the other. PMID- 7271265 TI - [Experimental study of the dynamics in the biochemical parameter changes in the oxytetracycline biosynthesis process in apparatus of varying capacity]. AB - An increase in the input of the mechanical power speeds up the culture growth, which correlates with the rate of carbohydrate and nitrogen consumption during the first phase of the process, the time of the biosynthesis phase onset and the level of the antibiotic production during this phase. During the second half of the process the antibiotic biosynthesis markedly decreases, especially in the apparatus with a high input of the mechanical power. Deficiency in carbon and nitrogen is one of the causes of this decrease. The activity level at the end of the biosynthesis in such apparatus does not differ significantly, since it depends on the biosynthesis rate during the whole cultivation period. PMID- 7271266 TI - [Physiochemical characteristics of 3 states of the nystatin molecule]. AB - Conditions for production of nystation in three main states, i.e. inert, native and activated were determined. It was found that nystatin used in medical practice is in the inert state which is most stable for this antibiotic. Under certain conditions this state is transferred into the native or activated state. Solid forms can be prepared. The native and activated states are significantly less stable. The physicochemical characteristics of these nystatin states are presented. The data obtained can be used for the development of effective methods for nystatin production and purification. PMID- 7271267 TI - [Increase in the specific activity of killed influenza vaccines by using polyene antibiotics]. AB - It was shown experimentally that polyenic antibiotics, i. e. amphotericin B and sodium levorin markedly increased the specific immunogenic properties and interferonogenic activity of inactivated influenza virus vaccine prepared with various methods from highly reproductive recombinants. The rate of pneumonia and death from influenza among the vaccinated mice treated with inactivated influenza virus vaccine and one of the polyenic antibiotics was lower than that among the animals treated with the vaccine alone (P less than 0.05). Correlation between the increase in the immunological response, the decrease in the virus reproduction rate in the lungs and addition of the antibiotics into the vaccine was also observed. It is recommended that inactivated influenza virus vaccine be used in conjunction with polyenic antibiotics. PMID- 7271268 TI - [Experimental allergy to penicillin]. AB - The inhalation method for penicillin sensitization with a long-term excitation of the respiratory tract mucosa with formalin was studied in experiments with rabbits. It was shown that inhalation of formalin significantly increased the frequency of the animal sensitization to penicillin. It is suggested that inflammation due to the formalin effect promoted penicillin binding by tissue proteins with formation of full value antigens from penicillin which resulted in the high frequency of the animal sensitization. The data may be used in studies on the allergenic properties of drugs. PMID- 7271269 TI - Human pharmacokinetics and disposition of sarmoxicillin, a lipophilic amoxicillin prodrug. AB - Sarmoxicillin, an amoxicillin prodrug, is the methoxymethyl ester of hetamoxicillin. Esterification converted amoxicillin from an amphoteric to a cationic compound and resulted in a 30- to 600-fold increase in lipid partitioning. Oral absorption studies in normal subjects demonstrated that sarmoxicillin was only partially hydrolyzed by nonenzymatic and gut or hepatic first-pass metabolism and that significant quantities of intact ester appeared in the systemic circulation. Sarmoxicillin was converted to amoxicillin in plasma by hydrolysis of the acetone penicinate and the methoxymethyl ester bonds. Significant amoxicillin levels were demonstrated in saliva after administration of sarmoxicillin, but not amoxicillin, over a 250- to 1,000-mg dose range. Differences in the absorption, distribution, or metabolism of amoxicillin were also evident in the lower plasma amoxicillin maximum concentration and area under the curve and longer half-life after sarmoxicillin administration. Differences in the distribution of this lipophilic ester could result in a significant increase in tissue penetration and subsequent therapeutic efficacy of amoxicillin when administered as sarmoxicillin. PMID- 7271270 TI - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of FR-31564, a phosphonic acid antimicrobial agent. AB - The in vitro and in vivo activity of FR-31564 [sodium hydrogen 3-(N hydroxyformamido)propylphosphate] against gram-positive and -negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was investigated and compared with that of fosfomycin, cephalexin, carbenicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The in vitro activity of FR-31564 was markedly enhanced when combined with glucose 6-phosphate or fructose 6-phosphate, but not when combined with ribose phosphate, adenosine monophosphate, or glycerol phosphate. In vitro activity of FR-31564 also was enhanced by human or horse blood, but not by human serum. The type of medium had a great effect on the minimal inhibitory concentration, with the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations achieved on nutrient agar, 8- to 16-fold less than with Mueller-Hinton, heart infusion, or Trypticase soy agars. FR-31564 was more active than fosfomycin, cephalexin, carbenicillin, or trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter cloacae, E. aerogenes, and Citrobacter. It was less active than fosfomycin against Serratia marcescens and Proteus mirabilis and did not inhibit gram positive cocci or anaerobic species. FR-31564 inhibited a number of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to the other agents. In the presence and absence of human blood FR-31564 showed bactericidal activity, and P. aeruginosa exposed to FR-31564 for 3 h showed a 6-h lag in regrowth. FR-31564 administered by the subcutaneous route was more active in protecting mice challenged with P. aeruginosa than was fosfomycin, carbenicillin, or cefoperazone. It was as active by the oral route in protecting mice challenged with E. coli as was fosfomycin, ampicillin, cephalexin, or trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole. PMID- 7271271 TI - Nonparallel nephrotoxicity dose-response curves of aminoglycosides. AB - Nephrotoxicity comparisons of aminoglycosides in rats, utilizing large multiples of human doses, have indicated an advantage for netilmicin. However, no nephrotoxicity advantage of netilmicin has been demonstrated at the lower doses used in clinics. Some high-dose studies in rats have also suggested that the slope of the nephrotoxicity dose-response curve of netilmicin was less steep than the slopes of other aminoglycosides. Therefore, the slopes of the nephrotoxicity dose-response curves of gentamicin, amikacin, and netilmicin were compared in 200 rats at low multiples (one to five times) of human clinical doses. Histopathological evaluations of both kidneys from each rat revealed that netilmicin produced equivalent or greater nephrotoxicity as compared with gentamicin and amikacin and that the slope of the nephrotoxicity dose-response curve of netilmicin was approximately one-half as steep as the slopes of amikacin and gentamicin, which were parallel. The distribution of casts excreted in the urine after 2 weeks of dosing and the terminal gross observations corroborated the flatter dose-response slope of netilmicin. Nephrotoxicity advantages predicted by high-dose comparisons with netilmicin in rats are apparently a function of its less steep dose-response slope and therefore may have no relevance to lower doses. PMID- 7271272 TI - Pharmacokinetics of netilmicin in children with and without cystic fibrosis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of intravenous netilmicin was studied in cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF patients who were closely matched according to age. The serum concentrations showed a moderately higher variance within the CF group. The serum half-life in CF patients was 1.37 h compared with 2.29 h in the non-CF subjects (P less than 0.05). The apparent distribution coefficients were 0.306 and 0.356 liters/kg in the CF and non-CF groups, respectively. The mean body clearance was 6.6 liters/h per 1.73 m2 in the CF group compared with 5.3 liters/h per m2 in the non-CF controls, but the difference was not significant. The mean renal clearance in CF patients was 4.7 liters/h per 1.73 m2. From a pharmacokinetic point of view, the dosage of netilmicin required may be the same in CF as in non-CF patients. PMID- 7271274 TI - Importance of bacterial growth phase in determining minimal bactericidal concentrations of penicillin and methicillin. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin against 96 strains of group B streptococci and of methicillin against 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were unrelated to the growth phase of test bacteria. However, the minimal bactericidal concentrations were significantly higher in the stationary phase than the logarithmic phase for both organisms (P less than 0.001 and less than 0.05, respectively). PMID- 7271273 TI - Plasma disappearance, urine excretion, and tissue distribution of ribavirin in rats and rhesus monkeys. AB - Ribavirin has been shown to have broad-spectrum antiviral. To study its tissue distribution and disappearance rate, a single dose of 10 mg/kg which contained 10 microCi of [14C]ribavirin was injected intravenously into rhesus monkeys and intramuscularly into monkeys and rats. Except for peak plasma concentrations and the initial phases of the plasma disappearance and urine excretion curves, no significant difference was observed between plasma, tissue, or urine values for intramuscularly or intravenously injected monkeys. Plasma disappearance curves were triphasic; plasma concentrations of ribavirin were similar for both monkeys and rats. Rats excreted ribavirin in the urine more rapidly and to a greater extent (82% excreted in 24 h) than did monkeys (60% excreted in 72 h). In the rat, only 3% of the injected [14C]ribavirin was detected in expired CO2. Therefore, for both species, urine was the major route for the elimination of labeled ribavirin and its metabolites from the body. In monkeys, the amount of parent drug in blood cells increased through 48 h and remained stable for 72 h, whereas in rats, ribavirin decreased at a rate similar to the plasma disappearance curve. Concentrations of ribavirin at 8 h were consistently higher in monkeys than in rats for all tissues except the brain. Thus, these differences in blood cellular components and organ content and in urine excretion suggested that there was greater tissue retention of ribavirin in monkeys than in rats. PMID- 7271276 TI - Interaction between vancomycin and rifampin against Staphylococcus aureus. AB - By the time-kill method, vancomycin and rifampin were antagonistic against 43 of 50 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, whether susceptible or resistant to methicillin. PMID- 7271275 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of cyclacillin and amoxicillin in infants and children. AB - Concentrations of cyclacillin in serum over a 6-h period were similar in fasted and milk-fed infants who received 25-mg/kg doses of cyclacillin suspension. Measured by the concentration in serum after oral administration of 15-mg/kg doses, cyclacillin was absorbed more rapidly, reached larger concentrations, and was cleared more promptly than was amoxicillin. PMID- 7271277 TI - Isolation of cairomycins A and C. AB - Cairomycin B in the fermentation broths of Streptomyces sp. strain AS-C-19 accompanied cairomycin A and cairomycin C. The cairomycins are peptides with potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. On acid hydrolysis, cairomycin A yielded valine and aspartic acid, whereas cairomycin C yielded lysine, glycine, valine, leucine, and aspartic acid, as identified by paper and gas chromatography. These amino acids were found to exist in their alpha-L form. Cairomycin A was tentatively assigned a 6-isopropyl-2,5-diketopiperazine-3-acetic acid structure. The three cairomycins were distinct from each other in their ultraviolet, infrared, and mass spectra; elemental analyses; and their chromatographic behavior in different developing solvents. PMID- 7271278 TI - Effects of low penicillin concentrations on cell morphology and on peptidoglycan and protein synthesis in a tolerant Streptococcus strain. AB - Rates of protein and peptidoglycan synthesis were determined by pulse-labeling techniques before and after treatment of exponentially growing cultures of Streptococcus mutans FA-1 with a number of concentrations of penicillin G (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.4 mug/ml). These penicillin concentrations were all less than that required to saturate the specific penicillin-binding sites present on the surface of this organism (0.5 mug/ml), but were all greater than and, in fact, were multiples of the minimum inhibitory concentration (0.02 mug/ml). Low concentrations of penicillin G (2.5x the minimum inhibitory concentration) immediately halted the exponential increase in the rate of peptidoglycan synthesis normally expected as the result of cell multiplication, but allowed the rate of peptidoglycan synthesis occurring at the time of penicillin addition to be maintained for almost 1 h. An increased penicillin concentration (5x the minimum inhibitory concentration) allowed the rate of peptidoglycan synthesis occurring at the time of penicillin addition to be maintained for a shorter length of time (~0.67 h). Still greater penicillin concentrations caused an immediate inhibition of the peptidoglycan synthetic rate. The effect of penicillin on the rate of protein synthesis was similar, although less pronounced. Samples were taken for scanning electron microscopy immediately before and after 3 h of treatment with a low (2.5x the minimum inhibitory concentration) concentration of penicillin. The surface areas and volumes of the cells in these samples were calculated from the electron micrographs by using computer reconstruction techniques. From the frequency distributions of surface area, the plots of surface area to volume ratio as a function of surface area, and the pulse-labeling data mentioned previously, low, growth-inhibitory concentrations (2.5x the minimum inhibitory concentration) of penicillin are proposed (i) to inhibit the constriction of the division septum, (ii) to prevent the establishment or maturation of new envelope growth sites, and (iii) to have no immediate effects on the synthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan already in progress at the time of penicillin addition. PMID- 7271280 TI - False-negative results in examining food for staphylococcal thermonuclease. PMID- 7271279 TI - Transferable tetracycline resistance in Clostridium difficile. AB - The transfer of tetracycline resistance among strains of Clostridium difficile is described. Transfer occurred by a conjugation-like event that was insensitive to deoxyribonuclease, could not be mediated by donor culture filtrates or chloroform treated donor cultures, and required cell-to-cell contact. Tetracycline-resistant progeny recovered from matings displayed a resistance phenotype identical to that of the donor in level of resistance, constitutive expression, and transmissibility. Although the original tetracycline-resistant donor contained 5 x 10(6)- and 22 x 10(6)-dalton plasmids, standard physical analyses of antibiotic resistant transconjugants revealed no plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid molecules in common with the donor strain. Furthermore, tetracycline-susceptible derivatives of the original donor always possessed a plasmid complement identical to that of the resistant parental strain as determined by restriction endonuclease digestion analysis. The results indicate that the tetracycline resistance determinant(s) was not encoded by readily detectable plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid and may be chromosomally located. PMID- 7271281 TI - Isolation efficiency and its clinical importance in patients with burns. AB - Nine severely burned patients were submitted to reverse isolation in a mass airflow system. Their burns became colonized by Enterobacteriaceae biotypes which were not found in the patients own flora on admission. They were, therefore, probably derived from the food which was obtained from the central kitchen. These strains did not cause bacteriaemia. Suggestions to improve the isolation efficiency are made. PMID- 7271282 TI - Trichosporon beemeri sp. nov. PMID- 7271283 TI - Sleep problems in young children. PMID- 7271284 TI - Toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7271285 TI - Steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome and allergy: immunological studies. AB - Immunological studies were performed on 84 children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome as part of an investigation of the relationship between steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome and allergy. Serum total IgE levels tended to be raised, particularly in children who had frequent relapses of nephrotic syndrome. Ten children had extremely high levels (greater than 1500 IU/ml) and several of them had neither a history of atopy nor any other identifiable cause. 25% of the children had at least one positive test for specific IgE antibody. IgE was not detected by immunofluorescence in renal biopsy tissue from 25 children, regardless of whether the child was in remission or relapse at the time of biopsy. Serum IgG and IgA levels were depressed particularly at the time of a relapse. Serum IgM tended to be raised and to remain so, even in children who had been in remission for more than a year. No clinically useful relationship was found between the frequency of HLA antigens and the occurrence or course of the syndrome, whether or not accompanied by atopy. Clinical and immunological features of atopy are more common in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. This may be a causal or non-causal association. Pollen sensitivity is a rare cause of nephrotic syndrome; careful search for provocative agents may show other causes. PMID- 7271286 TI - Breast development in the newborn. AB - Breast size and milk secretion was studied in term and preterm infants. Breast nodules were palpable in most of the mature infants, both boys and girls. In 6 term infants without palpable breast tissue there was a high incidence of complications during late pregnancy or delivery. In light-for-gestational age infants the breast diameter was generally appropriate for gestation. None of the infants under 31 weeks' gestation had palpable breast tissue at birth, but some in the first weeks of life developed breast tissue and secreted milk. Milk had been secreted by most of the mature infants by age 7 days, and the onset was earlier in light-for-dates infants. The breast does not regress rapidly after birth. The nodules persist into the second half of the first year by which time sex differences have emerged. Clearly the growth and activity of the neonatal breast cannot be explained solely in terms of the influence of maternal hormones towards the end of gestation. Further studies on early breast tissue development may indicate the other endocrine factors concerned. PMID- 7271287 TI - Head insulation and heat loss in the newborn. AB - The thermal balance of 13 term infants was measured in a closed-circuit metabolism chamber. Each was studied naked, then with a gamgee-lined hat, and finally with a 'cummerbund' made of a similar material and of similar dimensions. At 27 degrees C the oxygen consumption of the 'hatted' babies was only 85% and the total heat loss 75% of the values measured with the infants naked. The cummerbund offered no detectable benefit. An additional 10 infants were studied while wearing a tubegauze hat at environmental temperatures of 28.5 (+/- 0.5) degrees C. This type of hat gave no measurable thermal protection. It is concluded that a substantial reduction of thermal stress in adverse environments can be achieved simply and clearly by adequately covering the vault of the skull. PMID- 7271288 TI - Adolescents with cystic fibrosis: psychosocial adjustment. AB - Patients aged between 12 and 16 years with cystic fibrosis were interviewed, as were their parents, to find out if psychosocial problems existed. All 27 of them appeared to be well adjusted and none had special problems at school; they were not socially isolated, and family relationships seemed to be good. Contributing factors were good communications patterns within the family and perhaps denial of the ultimate outcome of the disease, since few patients wished to know more about cystic fibrosis. Comparison with a group of healthy adolescents and their mothers showed that the patients had a tendency (not significant) towards depression. Among the mothers however, the incidence of depression was slightly greater. It was concluded that psychiatric intervention should only be undertaken cautiously with adolescents, but that special help should be given to the mothers as they appeared to carry the main burden of coping with the illness. PMID- 7271289 TI - Chemotherapy of advanced neuroblastoma: does adriamycin contribute? AB - Between 1970 and 1977, 69 children with newly diagnosed stage III or IV neuroblastoma were treated with pulses of either cyclophosphamide and vincristine (CV) (n = 23), or cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and adriamycin (CVA) (n = 46). The 'complete' and partial response rates were 35 and 22% to CV, and 43 and 26% to CVA. For 'complete' responders the median time to relapse was 18 months for those treated with CV, and 17 months for those treated CVA; for partial responders the times were 5 and 7 months respectively. At 2 1/2 years only 17% of the CV patients and only 13% of the CVA patients were alive and free of disease, giving a 15% overall survival rate. The addition of adriamycin to cyclophosphamide and vincristine did not significantly improve the response rate, duration of response, or survival in these children with advanced neuroblastoma. The previously noted favourable effects of age less than 1 year at diagnosis and of female sex were confirmed. The equally poor survival for stage III and stage IV patients justifies the inclusion of stage III patients in a bad prognosis group. PMID- 7271290 TI - Unilateral proptosis. AB - Twenty-seven children with unilateral proptosis were investigated over a period of 8 1/2 years. Seventeen (63%) of them had local or disseminated malignancy, a higher proportion than in earlier reports. The frequency of inflammatory lesions, particularly ethmoiditis progressing to proptosis, appeared to have decreased, probably because of the liberal use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections. PMID- 7271291 TI - Synovial haemangioma presenting as monarticular arthritis of the knee. AB - Two children with haemangioma of the synovial membrane presenting as swelling of a knee joint are described; in one patient this was associated with epiphyseal overgrowth. This condition should be considered if blood synovial fluid is obtained and clotting studies are normal. PMID- 7271292 TI - Transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism secondary to maternal pseudohypoparathyroidism. AB - A neonate was found to have normocalcaemic hyperparathyroidism with bone disease. The plasma parathyroid hormone concentration returned to normal by 4 weeks, and healing of the bone lesions was evident by age 5 months. The mother proved to have pseudohypoparathyroidism, previously unsuspected. PMID- 7271293 TI - Effects of water supplementation on physiological jaundice in breast-fed babies. AB - The effect of water supplementation in normal, term, breast-fed babies with physiological jaundice was studied. Water supplementation was given to 120 babies and 55 received no extra fluids. There was no significant difference between the two groups when peak serum bilirubin levels and incidence of phototherapy were compared. PMID- 7271295 TI - The whooping-cough immunisation controversy. PMID- 7271294 TI - Prostaglandins in salmonella-induced secretory diarrhoea. PMID- 7271297 TI - The needs of the under fives in the family. PMID- 7271296 TI - Prevention of infective endocarditis. PMID- 7271298 TI - Covert bacteriuria in schoolgirls in Newcastle upon Tyne: a 5-year follow-up. Newcastle Covert Bacteriuria Research Group. PMID- 7271299 TI - Effect of vesicoureteric reflux on renal growth in children with urinary tract infection. PMID- 7271300 TI - Use of DNA estimation for growth assessment in normal and hypoplastic fetal lungs. AB - Total DNA was estimated in the lungs of 80 fetuses and newborn infants varying in gestation from 14 weeks to term. In fetuses of appropriate weight for gestational age total lung DNA increased at a constant rate from about 35 mg at 17 weeks' gestation to 480 mg at term. The lungs of immature fetuses were heavier and contained more DNA relative to body weight than did those of mature infants. Small-for-dates infants had lower lung DNA levels for gestation than infants with weights appropriate for gestational age, but there was no difference when lung DNA was corrected for body weight. Lung hypoplasia defined in terms of lung/body weight ratio was associated with low lung DNA content for gestation, even when corrected for body weight. The total lung DNA at 34-40 weeks' gestation in infants with lung hypoplasia associated with fetal anuria or urinary outflow obstruction was equivalent to that seen in normal fetuses at 20-22 weeks' gestation. We conclude that the early second trimester is a critical period for human fetal lung growth. PMID- 7271301 TI - Cholestatic jaundice in infancy. The importance of familial and genetic factors in aetiology and prognosis. AB - One hundred and twenty-four infants admitted to hospitals in Norway between 1955 and 1974 during the first 3 months of life with cholestatic jaundice were studied retrospectively. Sixty-four infants had had extrahepatic atresia of the biliary tree and 60 had had intrahepatic cholestasis. This gives an incidence of about 1:9000 live births for cholestasis. In 4 of the 64 infants with extra-hepatic atresia a bile duct-to-bowel anastomosis had been performed but this was successful in only 2. Sixty of these infants had died by their 2nd birthday. Twenty-six of the infants with intrahepatic cholestasis had died by 1978 and the most common causes of death were cholestasis complicated by infection, bleeding, or hepatoma. The survivors aged between 4 and 23 years were followed up in 1978. In about two-thirds of them aetiological factors--such as alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, arteriohepatic dysplasia, cholestasis with lymphoedema--and other familial or genetic factors, or infections were found. Four of the 34 survivors are known to have cirrhosis. Twenty patients had biochemical abnormalities, and 12 had normal liver function tests. Two patients could not be examined. Of the 19 patients with familial or genetic aetiological factors, 4 had cirrhosis, 14 had biochemical abnormalities, and only 5 had normal liver function tests. Of 11 survivors with idiopathic disease or septicaemia, none had cirrhosis and only 4 had abnormal liver function tests. PMID- 7271302 TI - Saliva carbamazepine and phenytoin level monitoring. AB - Saliva carbamazepine and phenytoin samples were used to monitor treatment in 35 children aged between 2 and 14 years during a 2-year period. All phenytoin levels and over half the carbamazepine levels that were above the therapeutic range were associated with adverse effects. Dose and carbamazepine saliva levels were significantly related but no such relationship was found for phenytoin. There was no apparent relationship between the saliva level of either drug and convulsion control. PMID- 7271303 TI - Early infantile variant of Krabbe globoid cell leucodystrophy with lung involvement. AB - An 8-week-old boy presented with a history of irritability, progressive feeding difficulty, generalised weakness, tachypnoea, and minor motor seizures. The clinical course was characterised by rapidly progressive respiratory failure, and neurological deterioration culminating in death at age 15 weeks. Electron microscopical examination and histological studies of the lung showed the presence of numerous intra-alveolar and a few interstitial macrophages. Enzyme studies and subsequent histopathological studies on brain confirmed the diagnosis of an unusual variant of Krabbe globoid cell leucodystrophy. PMID- 7271304 TI - Prognosis of convulsions between 1 and 6 months of age. AB - The prognosis of 28 infants presenting consecutively to a general paediatric unit with convulsions between 1 and 6 months of age was far better than had been reported previously. Between 1 and 4 years after presentation the condition of 19 patients was normal, 3 were mildly handicapped, 4 severely handicapped, and 2 had died. Normal physical examination and electroencephalogram at time of presentation, and easy control of convulsions were associated with a satisfactory outcome. PMID- 7271306 TI - Testicular complications in connective tissue disease. PMID- 7271308 TI - Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency: difficulties in diagnosis. PMID- 7271307 TI - Phosphate deficiency and rickets. PMID- 7271305 TI - Bradycardia and associated respiratory changes in neonates. AB - Electrocardiogram and patterns of respiration were recorded continuously in 9 newborn infants having episodes of bradycardia. The episodes were not associated with demonstrable apnoea, either by using an apnoea mattress or by visual observation. The 'non-apnoea' associated bradycardia was always associated with changes in respiratory pattern, of which three different forms could be identified. These were prolonged apnoea if the apnoea alarm failed to trigger, short episodes of respiratory abnormalities associated with body movement (possibly in rapid eye movement sleep), and minor changes in respiratory pattern. It may be appropriate to incorporate a period of delay in heart rate monitoring systems before the alarm sounds, in a similar manner to apnoea alarm systems. We should rely more on heart rate in conjunction with apnoea alarms to detect problems, or produce better systems which detect respiratory flow. PMID- 7271309 TI - Circadian patterns of plasma steroids in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 7271310 TI - PUVA treatment in chromium hypersensitivity: effect on skin reactivity and lymphocyte functions. AB - Two male patients with longstanding contact sensitivity to chromium were treated with PUVA. One patient, suffering from concomitant photosensitivity, reacted very favorably; his skin lesions cleared and light tolerance increased. This was paralleled by a decrease in the photopatch test reactivity and by the extinction of the patch-test reactivity on PUVA-exposed (pigmented) skin. Patch and photopatch tests on PUVA-shielded skin showed no decrease in skin test reactivity. PUVA-treatment caused a decrease in the number of rosette-forming T cells and an increase in lymphocyte stimulation in both patients. In one patient, abnormally high PHA-induced suppressor cell activities were recorded prior to treatment; after PUVA therapy the values were back to normal. In both patients, the PPD-induced suppressor cell activity of PWN response was clearly increased by PUVA-therapy. Other suppressor cell functions were not much affected. It is concluded that while PUVA-therapy may produce some systemic immunological effects, its abating effect on contact sensitivity and photosensitivity is mainly mediated through local mechanisms in the skin. PMID- 7271311 TI - Scleroderma fibroblasts: some aspects of in vitro assessment of collagen synthesis. AB - Fibroblasts were cultured from skin biopsies of patients with systemic sclerosis in different stages of the disease. In vitro synthesis of collagen was checked after a pulse with tritiated proline. The ratio between type I and type III collagen was normal in all patients. Six of seven cultures derived from patients in the active state showed an increased synthesis of collagen relative to other proteins. Addition of serum (normal and diseased) to the culture medium did not stimulate synthesis of collagen in any culture with normal collagen synthesis. PMID- 7271313 TI - Study of DNA repair on a xeroderma pigmentosum patient and his heterozygotic parents. AB - Unscheduled DNA synthesis, photoreplication repair capacity, and photoreactivating enzyme levels were examined in cells of individuals of a family with one case of XP and otherwise clinically normal parents. The patient's parents were first cousins. The activity of three paths of DNA repair was depressed in the XP cells. The clinically normal parents showed normal levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis as well as postreplication repair, however their photoreactivating enzyme level was as low as 30% of normal levels. PMID- 7271312 TI - Whole-body autoradiography after systemic and topical administration of methyl acrylate in the guinea pig. AB - Whole-body autoradiography was performed in the guinea pig with methyl (2,3-14C) acrylate. Radioactive material quickly disappeared from the body after oral and, somewhat slower, after i.p. administration for the greater part. After administration in a closed cup on the skin a slow penetration in the dermis occurred preceded by the toxic effect, mainly a strong edema. In the first 16 h metabolism was primarily restricted to the skin, internal organs showed a slow rise in radioactivity. A large part of the labeled material was retained in the dermis. The detoxification was screened by estimating the urinary thioether content and respiratory carbon dioxide. This showed that in addition to oxidation to carbon dioxide the binding to SH-groups was the principal way of metabolism. PMID- 7271314 TI - [Basal cell epithelioma with lymphogenic and hematogenic formation of metastases (a.o. into the myocardium) (author's transl)]. AB - This report deals with a basal cell epithelioma, partially adenoid and partially morphea-like in structure, which despite intensive X-ray treatment relapsed constantly and which finally developed into an ulcus terebrans. Approximately 13 years after the primary tumor had developed (located on the left wing of the nose) both a lymphogenic and a hematogenic formation of metastases occurred with a subsequent exitus letalis 4 months later. Besides the metastases of the skin, there were multiple metastases in the lymph nodes, vertebral column, ribs, spleen, liver stomach, pleura, and peritoneum as well as in the mycardium of both ventricles and in the perimysium of the skeletal muscles. Their histological structure was similar to a partly adenoid, partly morphea-like basal cell epithelioma. The possible influence of X-ray treatment on the tumor tissue in way of benignity or malignancy is discussed in view of relevant literature of this topic. The alterations of basal cell epitheliomas into the so called transitional epitheliomas in also analyzed. PMID- 7271317 TI - [Spun glass hair (author's transl)]. AB - A 5-year-old girl with the characteristic clinical picture of "spun glass hair" is described; additionally she suffers from atopic dermatitis. This case is of special interest since the child not only suffers also from endogenic eczema, but that another member of the family (child's aunt) also suffers from the same hair anomaly. The diagnosis is based upon the clinical symptom that the hair cannot be managed, and is proved by observation of triangular and kidney-shaped cross sections taken from the child's hair. Electron scan microscopic examination of the hair revealed grooves on the surface of the hair which exhibit similarity to the hair-condition pili canaliculi. The following physical properties of these irregularly shaped hairs were measured: Fibre thickness, tensile strength, extent of fibre expansion shortly before breakage, and form elasticity. None of these properties were found to differ from those of normal hair. PMID- 7271315 TI - Influence of intercellular agents on proliferation and gene activity of cultured human skin epithelium cells (NCTC 2544). AB - "Human skin epithelium cells" (NCTC strain 2544; HSEpicell) are established cells and grow to a monolayer the same way as epithelial cells. Addition of proliferating or antiproliferating substances results in a typical dose-dependent influence on the cell growth: steroids inhibit mitosis, polyamines stimulate proliferation, while prostaglandin E2, theophylline and papaverine reduce cell growth. Since the pattern of chromosomal nonhistone proteins indicates alterations of gene activity, DNA-binding proteins of HSE picells are analysed. Compared to native human skin fibroblasts (La Col 1115) there are only slight differences, in contrast to cancer cells. Therefore HSE picells may represent undifferentiated non-cancer cells. Hydrocortisone and theophylline inhibit cell proliferation by different mechanisms. As indicated by the pattern of DNA-binding proteins, both substances also act on HSEpicells in two different ways. As HSEpicells can be used for studying cell regulation, water-soluble extract and DNA-binding proteins of psoriatic scales as well as sera of psoriasis patients are tested in respect to any proliferating component. However, no influence on cell proliferation could be found. PMID- 7271316 TI - The effect of sexual hormones on the lipid and proteinaceous secretion of the rat preputial sebaceous gland. AB - The diameters of Sudan Black B stained sebum vesicles and acid hematein stained perinuclear granules, and the numerical density of the latter, were determined in mature sebaceous preputial cells from normal male and female rats, testosterone treated female rats and estradiol-treated male rats. Statistical analysis by Student's t-test showed that the diameter of lipid droplets was significantly higher in male than in female controls and that testosterone increased female values up to make control levels. Estradiol treatment decreased male values to levels below those of normal male and female controls and of testosterone-treated female rats. Diameters of perinuclear granules did not vary among animal groups but their numerical density was larger in testosterone treated than in normal female rats or estradiol treated male rats. Lipid droplet sizes and perinuclear granule numbers are thus increased by androgens and decreased by estrogens, which was interpreted an meaning that sexual hormones do not only act on sebaceous cell multiplication or turnover time as previously known, but also on the production of lipid and the output of beta-glucuronidase containing granules in this gland. PMID- 7271318 TI - The role of calcium in in vitro release of eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A) for guinea pig skin. PMID- 7271320 TI - Distribution of 24 elements in the internal organs of normal males and the metallic workers in Japan. AB - Concentrations of 24 elements in the internal organs from 12 healthy males and from 7 metallic workers in Japan were recorded. Markedly high concentrations of chromium were found in the respiratory organs (e.g., hilar lymph node and lung) of chromium plating and chromate refining workers, as well as in spleen, liver, kidney, and heart. High chromium concentrations were also found in one male who had terminated his employment 30 years prior to his death. In addition, high concentrations of nickel and tin were also found in the above-mentioned workers. Marked accumulations of titanium, the main element of paints, were found in the respiratory organs, spleen, liver, kidney, and heart of an airplane painter. The painter also had high concentrations of chromium, nickel, and cobalt in some of his organs. It was also noted that high concentrations of silicon, aluminum, and titanium-elements of rock-occurred in a stone mason. PMID- 7271319 TI - The effects of paraquat and superoxide dismutase on pulmonary vascular permeability and edema in mice. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of 50 mg/kg paraquat dichloride to mice significantly increased pulmonary vascular permeability at 24 and 48 hr, as measured by 125I-albumin content of alveolar lavage. Lung edema, measured by lung weight as percent body weight, was significantly increased 48 hr after paraquat treatment. Intravenous administration of four doses of superoxidase dismutase at 12-hr intervals (i.e., one before and three after paraquat treatment) failed to inhibit paraquat-induced increased pulmonary vascular permeability and pulmonary edema. Superoxide dismutase treatment also failed to reduce mortality and had no significant effect on the death time course in animals challenged with paraquat. The results of this study suggest that acute toxic effects of paraquat, such as increased pulmonary vascular permeability and pulmonary edema, may not be mediated through the generation of superoxide anion. PMID- 7271321 TI - Cadmium nephropathy: monitoring for early evidence of renal dysfunction. AB - Prospective studies in humans comparing various tests of cadmium-induced nephropathy have not been reported. Consequently, it is not possible to ascertain which screening methods should be followed in order to detect early nephropathy at a reversible stage. To obtain such data, the authors studied 23 cadmium workers with periodic analyses of blood/urine cadmium levels, hair cadmium content, urinary cytologies, creatinine clearance and urinary levels of lysozyme, beta-2-microglobulins, immunoglobulins, and aminoacids. Blood/urine levels were useful only as indices of acute environmental exposure and not as predictors of total body content or possible nephropathy. Hair content was elevated in most workers. Urine cytology was not reliable. Until further data are available, it is suggested that all five measures of renal function be used in screening and follow-up of cadmium workers for preventing nephropathy. PMID- 7271322 TI - Effects of 0.75ppm sulfur dioxide on pulmonary function parameters of normal human subjects. AB - Of 31 young, health male volunteers who participated in this study 15 were exposed to air (control) and 16 to 0.75ppm (2.15mg/m3) SO2 for 2 hr at 21 degrees C and 60% relative humidity. At the end of the first hour, the subjects exercised for 15 min on a treadmill at 6.4 kmph, with a 10% grade. Methods employed in evaluation of pulmonary function included body plethysmography, spirometry, and multigas rebreathing test. From the battery of 15 pulmonary function parameters, only the pattern of airway resistance changes was significantly altered by SO2 exposure, although spirometric parameters followed a similar pattern. Eight of the SO2-exposed ubjects, with one or more positive allergen skin tests, appeared to be significantly more reactive to SO2 than skin test-negative subjects. All subjects remained asymptomatic. The small number of changes observed appeared to be reversible and do not suggest a significant health hazard to normal human subjects exposed to SO2 under these conditions. PMID- 7271323 TI - Mortality study of fibrous glass production workers. AB - This retrospective cohort study examines the mortality experience of 6,536 male employees engaged in fibrous glass production for 10 or more years. A special component of this investigation was an analysis of a long-term cohort involving 1,222 individuals who were employed 20 or more years and who experienced 30 or more years latency. There was no marked excess of statistically significant increase in mortality for any cause of death. In fact, the pattern of mortality for fibrous glass production workers appeared considerably lower than comparable U.S. patterns, perhaps reflecting both a "health worker" effect, and the life style of the steadily employed person. Long-term workers' mortality experience was similar to those individuals employed for shorter periods. PMID- 7271325 TI - Response of human mucociliary clearance to acute alcohol administration. AB - To determine whether alcohol inhibits mucociliary clearance in humans, the clearance of deposited radiolabelled particles from the lung was measured in 12 volunteers. On one study day, immediately after inhalation of aerosol, the subject ingested ethyl alcohol (0.5 g/kg) in orange juice producing an average alcohol level at 1 hr of 68 +/- 8 mg/kl. On the other study day, orange juice alone was ingested. The initial deposition of aerosol and sequential measurements of lung retention were made during 4.7 hr and again at 24 hr using a gamma camera. Aerosol deposition patterns were reproducible within subjects. Group average percent bronchial retention during a 4.5-hr period was not significantly different between the control and the alcohol studies, but the variance in the alcohol studies during 0.5-4.5 hr was significantly greater (P less than .001). Comparison of data to a previous study group of matched control subjects confirmed an increased variability in clearance after alcohol. Thus, acute alcohol ingestion, at levels similar to those achieved during social drinking, alters mucociliary clearance, but direction and magnitude of the changes differ among individuals. PMID- 7271324 TI - Analysis of aerosol deposition in the healthy human lung. AB - Wide variation in the pattern of deposition of inhaled aerosols has previously been described in both healthy and diseased humans. To investigate the factors responsible for such variation, the authors studied a group of 13 healthy nonsmoking subjects. One two occasions each subject inhaled a monodisperse 8.1 mm (mass median aerodynamic diameter) Fe2O3 aerosol labelled with 99mTc using a standardized breathing pattern. Pulmonary function was defined by tests of forced expiratory airflow. Total activity in the right lung at 0 hr and at 24 hr (24-hr percent retention) was measured using a gamma camera. Numerical indices of deposition pattern were derived in several ways from the initial gamma camera image of the right lung by comparing the ratio of activity within a mid- and peripheral lung region of interest, by analyzing the profile of radioactivity within a horizontal band across the right lung from the midline to the lung edge, and by analysis of a distribution histogram of activity within the whole lung (skew and kurtosis). The 24-hr percent retention of aerosol showed considerable intrasubject variability unlike the deposition indices. The various deposition indices were found to correlate with the 24-hr percent retention, FEV1.0, FEV1.0/FVC%, and MMFR at varying levels of significance. Results indicate that the pattern of aerosol deposition in healthy humans is influenced by mild degrees of obstruction to airflow, as reflected by tests of forced expiratory airflow, increasing airways obstruction being associated with more central deposition of the inhaled aerosol. Deposition indices derived from the initial pattern of aerosol distribution within the lung may prove to be more reliable and sensitive than measurements of 24-hr percent retention in defining aerosol deposition pattern. PMID- 7271326 TI - Effects of chronic tobacco smoke exposure on immune responses in aged mice. AB - Balb/c mice were exposed to fresh smoke, equivalent to 30 high-tar filtered cigarettes/day, for 83 wk or less. After groups of mice were subjected to 56, 64, 72, and 80 wk of tobacco smoke (TS) exposure, serum antibody responses to both T dependent and T-independent antigens, numbers of plaque-forming cells, spleen cell and lymph node PHA responses, and systemic clearance of normal and opsonised antigen were investigated. Aged TS-exposed mice showed some deterioration of immune responsiveness with age, but results varied; in extreme old age the immunological responsiveness of TS-exposed mice was similar to that of age matched controls. In addition, groups of mice inoculated with fibrosarcoma cells after 78 wk TS-exposure did not show significantly greater susceptibility to the early development of pulmonary metastases. PMID- 7271328 TI - [Epidemiology of reno-ureteral lithiasis in the province of Toledo]. AB - In this paper a review is made of a total of 384 patients suffering from lithiasic illness and the authors stress the high incidence of hyperuricuria in the province of Toledo, referring to the possible effect and cause link between this type of lithiasis and an unsuitable diet. On the other hand, they find no connection between this type of lithiasis and the chemical-mineral composition of the water as a possible contributory, lithogenetic factor. PMID- 7271327 TI - [Clinical behavior of mixed nucleus reno-ureteral calculi]. AB - We made a statistical study, by means of a computer, of 87 crystallographically analysed stones, corresponding to 85 patients, assessing different clinical data with the mixed composition of the nucleus of these stones. We deduce that in general, the behaviour of these stones is determined by the interaction of their components, with the main substance predominating. The most significant correlations were obtained when we assessed the sex, age, urinary infection, simple or coralliform morphology of the stone, the number of stones formed, permanent, homolateral, kidney damage, overall kidney failure and procedure for removing the stone. We did not find any valid links when we compared the family record of lithiasis, affectation of the counterlateral kidney and the fact whether the stone was from the right or the left. PMID- 7271329 TI - [Treatment of urinary incontinence by endoscopic injection of Teflon paste. Preliminary report]. AB - We present a new, technically simplified method for the intrauretral injection of teflon in the correction of urine incontinence. We consider it suitable, mainly for correcting postsurgical incontinence in men, although the percentage of successful treatments is higher in women. The authors stress its technical simplicity and analyse the results obtained by other authors. PMID- 7271330 TI - [Instrumental ureterotomy in the treatment of ureteral stenosis]. AB - Instrumental ureterotomy is considered, in this paper, as alternative therapy in ureteral stenoses. There is a description of a special instrument, designed for the treatment of this pathology and there is also a description of the technique to be applied. PMID- 7271332 TI - Inhibition of staphylococcal beta-hemolysin by human serum lipoproteins and their components. PMID- 7271331 TI - [Congenital renal arteriovenous fistula]. AB - On the occasion of a recent observation in our Centre of a case of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula, we make a review of the literature and give a detailed description of the clinical case presented. We stress the difficulty in differentiating between congenital and acquired fistulae and explain the course of therapy currently used. PMID- 7271333 TI - [Probable aerodiffusion of pathogens in the vicinity of an oxidation basin belonging to a purification plant]. AB - The Authors intent was to study the convenience of exposing selective media for identification of finely atomized pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, in the proximity of oxidation basins of the mechanical surface aeration type purification plants, and also to assess the percentage of pathogenic elements spread throughout the air. The Authors consider the use of elective or selective media for the isolation of bacteria in the air hardly important and useful. But since the dishes exposed in the vicinity of the liquid sewage oxidation basin have revealed the presence of polluting aerosols, it would seem convenient to provide for an in-depth study on the mechanism governing the spreading of aerosol particles throughout the air, in relation to the estimate of the meteorological and climatic parameters of the area and to a survey of the persons therein exposed. PMID- 7271334 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins in various types of meningitis]. AB - The Authors using new immunochemical method studied the increases of CSF fluid immunoglobulin fractions during bacterial, viral and tuberculous meningitis. IgG, IgM and IgA levels are increases in all forms of acute meningitis, therefore the rise result most marked in bacterial. It presents further increase in the later stages of viral meningitis. The Authors valued, by mathematical proceeding, IgG, IgA and IgM variations to offer further physiopathologic, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aknowledgements. PMID- 7271335 TI - [Influence of prostaglandins (PGE), on the intestinal wall of rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7271336 TI - [Schistosoma mansoni and PGE1. Experimental study in vitro and in vivo]. PMID- 7271337 TI - [Determination of intestinal secretory IgA in subjects with tumors of the colon and rectum]. PMID- 7271338 TI - [Determination of secretory IgA in vaginal lavage fluid of subjects with uterine cervix tumors. Preliminary note]. PMID- 7271339 TI - [Determination of intestinal secretory IgA in subjects with polyposis of the colon and rectum. Preliminary note]. PMID- 7271340 TI - [Variations of sensitivity to 8 chemotherapeutic agents in bacterial strains isolated during the period 1974-1978]. PMID- 7271341 TI - [Therapy of experimental peritoneal hydatidosis in BALB/C mice with mebendazole and flubendazole administered orally]. PMID- 7271342 TI - [In-vitro block of granulocyte chemotaxis with attenuated measles virus]. AB - Live attenuated measles virus preparations, which are in use today in the prophylaxis against measles, were added in vitro to neutrophils from healthy children with negative history both for measles infection and vaccination. After incubation at 37 degree C for 30 min, and washing in Hank's solution, chemotaxis was assayed in Sykes-Moore chambers. Bacterial endotoxin and sera from healthy donors were used to stimulate motility. A significant decrease in chemotaxis was shown by virus-incubated neutrophils as compared to controls. These findings demonstrate that the attenuated measles virus preserves the same ability to inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis than the wild one, during the infection by which an in vivo defective chemotaxis has been previously described. It is suggested that some interference(s) of the virus may occur directly in the cell and/or its membrane receptors. PMID- 7271343 TI - Finding of "E. coli" phage in urinary tract infections. PMID- 7271344 TI - Presidential address: the limits of medicine. PMID- 7271345 TI - Pulmonary response of massive steroids in seriously injured patients. AB - The effects of massive steroids on pulmonary function after hypovolemic shock were tested in 114 injured patients who received an average of 13 transfusions, 760 ml plasma, and 11.7 L crystalloid solution; by random selection, 54 patients received methylprednisolone (1 g in operating room plus 3,578 mg average during the next three days). The patients who received steroids had a significant increase in central venous pressure and a decrease in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) compared with control patients. The inspired oxygen concentration was similar for both groups; the FiO2/PO2, therefore, was significantly deranged (P = less than 0.05) in steroid patients (0.45 +/- 0.05 SE vs 0.37 +/- 0.02 SE). The patients who received steroids has an insignificantly increased pulmonary shunt (25 vs 22%), number of days on a volume ventilator (5.1 vs 3.0 days), and number of deaths (seven vs two), Massive steroids neither prevent nor ameliorate pulmonary failure after shock; indeed, steroids may aggravate pulmonary failure after shock. PMID- 7271346 TI - Does surgery correct esophageal motor dysfunction in gastroesophageal reflux. AB - The high incidence of dysphagia in patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (GER) but no evidence of peptic stricture suggests esophageal motor dysfunction. Conventional methods for detecting dysfunction (radiologic and manometric examinations) often fail to detect abnormality in these patients. Radionuclide transit (RT), a new method for detecting esophageal motor dysfunction, was used to prospectively assess function in 29 patients with symptomatic GER uncomplicated by stricture before and three months after antireflux surgery (HILL). The preoperative incidence of dysphagia and esophageal dysfunction was 73% and 52%, respectively. During operation (Hill repair), intraoperative measurement of the lower esophageal sphincter pressure was performed and the LESP raised to levels between 45 and 55 mmHg. The preoperative lower esophageal sphincter pressure was raised from a mean of 8.6 mmHg, to mean of 18.5 mmHg after operation. No patient has free reflux after operation. Postoperative studies on 20 patients demonstrated persistence of all preoperative esophageal dysfunction despite loss of dysphagia. RT has demonstrated a disorder of esophageal motor function in 52% of patients with symptomatic GER that may be responsible for impaired esophageal clearance. This abnormality is not contraindication to surgery. The results indicate that construction of an effective barrier to reflex corrects symptoms of reflux, even in the presence of impaired esophageal transit. Radionuclide transit is a safe noninvasive test for assessment of esophageal function. PMID- 7271348 TI - Pancreatic duct drainage in 100 patients with chronic pancreatitis. AB - Although the development of islet cell autotransplantation has focused attention on extended resections of the pancreas, drainage of a dilated pancreatic duct remains an effective means of relieving intractable pain of chronic pancreatitis. Between 1954 and 1980, 98 men and two women with chronic pancreatitis were treated for pain with ductal drainage. All patients had a history of chronic alcoholism. Pancreatic calculi were found in 68 patients. Operative procedures include: seven caudal pancreaticojejunostomies, 42 longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomies, and 54 side-to-side pancreaticojejunostomies. Two caudal pancreaticojejunostomies were converted to longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomies, and one longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy required revision. The operative mortality rate was 4%. Follow-up studies, lasting up to 24 years, were conducted for all but seven patients. Eighty per cent of these patients have had substantial improvement or complete resolution of their pain. Diabetes, as evidence by an elevated fasting blood sugar level, was present prior to operation in 30% of the patients, and developed after operation in 14%. Only nine of 21 insulin-dependent diabetics in this series did not require insulin prior to pancreaticojejunostomy. Pancreatic enzyme replacement was needed for control of steatorrhea in 18 patients. Four patients with continued pain underwent total or near total pancreatectomies. Three of these patients died of uncontrolled diabetes. Only one patient with a drainage procedure alone has died of uncontrolled diabetes. In patients with dilated pancreatic ducts, pancreaticojejunostomy is a safe, reliable means of providing pain relief, with minimal loss of endocrine and exocrine function. PMID- 7271347 TI - Intragastric alkali infusion: a simple, accurate provocative test for diagnosis of symptomatic alkaline reflux gastritis. AB - Alkaline reflex gastritis is a disabling clinical syndrome, occurring most often after gastric surgery. It is characterized by abdominal pain and bilious vomiting, and, presumably, is due to gastric irritation by regurgitated duodenal contents. The only known effective treatment is by surgical diversion to prevent the duodenal reflux. Unfortunately, the clinical diagnosis is difficult to prove, and the results of surgery are too often disappointing because of inaccurate patient selection. This is a report of a new test for distinguishing patients with symptomatic bile reflux gastritis. The test consists of blind sequential infusion into the stomach, via nasogastric tube, of 20 ml of 0.1 N HCl, normal saline, 0.1 N NaOH, and the patient's own gastric contents. Each solution is given twice. A positive test is defined as reproduction of the patient's usual pain by NaOH, and/or gastric contents, but not by acid or saline. Fifteen of 21 patients with clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings suggesting bile gastritis had a positive alkali infusion test, while only one of 18 normal controls and none of 17 controls with other causes of abdominal pain had a positive test (p less than 0.001). Of the 21 patients with clinical-endoscopic bile gastritis, 15 have had surgical treatment by Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. Nine of ten patients with positive test had excellent symptomatic relief after surgery. Zero of five patients with a negative test were relieved of pain after the operation. Tis simple test appears to be a sensitive, specific, and accurate means for selecting patients for surgical treatment of alkaline reflux gastritis. PMID- 7271349 TI - Release of cholecystokinin in man: correlation of blood levels with gallbladder contraction. AB - Although it is generally assumed that release of cholecystokinin (CCK) is the chief mechanism by which a fatty meal causes contraction of the gallbladder, measured release of CCK and gallbladder contraction have never been correlated. We have achieved this correlation in eight adult male volunteers, by means of a specific radioimmunoassay for CCK and by ultrasonographic imaging of the gallbladder. This study validates our CCK radioimmunoassay and correlates measured concentrations of CCK with changes in gallbladder size measured by ultrasonographic examination. Basal concentrations of CCK (82.6 +/- 10.4 pg/ml) rose significantly to a maximum of 411.1 +/- 79.9 pg/ml at 16 minutes after intraduodenal instillation of medium-chain triglyceride (Lipomul). Mean basal volume of the gallbladder was 34.6 cm3; maximum reduction of gallbladder volume (to one-third of original) was achieved at 18 minutes. Elevated CCK concentrations began to fall toward basal, and the gallbladder began to refill at 25 minutes. Results obtained after oral ingestion of Lipomul provide similar results. Linear regression analysis demonstrated excellent correlation between concentrations of CCK and gallbladder size during both contraction and relaxation phases. Future study of this correlation may be useful in patients with manifest dysfunction of the gallbladder, as well as in individuals known to be at risk of gallbladder disease. PMID- 7271350 TI - Variations in cytoplasmic incompatibility properties in Tanzanian populations of Culex guinquefasciatus. PMID- 7271351 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the cat small intestine during Isospora felis infection. PMID- 7271352 TI - Coccidiosis in indigenous pigs in Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID- 7271353 TI - A community study of Schistosoma mansoni egg excretion assessed by the Bell and a modified Kato technique. PMID- 7271354 TI - A long-term schistosomiasis control project with molluscicide in a rural area of Brazil. PMID- 7271355 TI - Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium in the Koryole and Merca Districts of the Somali Democratic Republic. PMID- 7271357 TI - Dynamics of larval populations of Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria glabrata. I Rhythmic production of cercariae in monomiracidial infections. PMID- 7271356 TI - Studies on the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium and the bionomics of Bulinus (Ph.) abyssinicus in the Somali Democratic Republic. PMID- 7271358 TI - Factors affecting the acquisition of resistance against Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. VIII Failure of concurrent infections with Plasmodium chabaudi to affect resistance to reinfection with S. mansoni. PMID- 7271359 TI - An assessment of the effectiveness of the measles immunization programme in Lagos, Nigeria. PMID- 7271360 TI - Immunological properties of seminal vesicle fluid. AB - Protective significance of some seminal plasma components is described. Lactoferrin is characterized as a primary defense factor against microbial invasion. The agglutinating factor in seminal vesicle fluid may prevent premature elimination of the spermatozoa by leukocytes infiltrating into the female genital tract. The protease inhibitors neutralize the activity of the proteases, thereby protecting the tissues and spermatozoa against proteolytic degradation. Antigens absorbed to spermatozoa during the ejaculation may protect the spermatozoa against the immune system of female reproductive tract. Ejaculated spermatozoa contain immunosuppressive substances that inhibit cell-mediated cytotoxicity as well as lymphocyte response to allogenic cells. These substances may constitute the system that prevents immune damage of spermatozoa. PMID- 7271361 TI - Effects of shaking and centrifugation on human sperm motility. AB - Fresh seminal specimens from 48 normospermic donors were subjected to shaking and centrifugation at various intensities and durations, and their effect on sperm motility was determined objectively by the multiple exposure photography (MEP) method. Shaking for 15 sec by mechanical vibrator did not induce any drop in serum percentage of motility, while shaking for 30 to 180 sec was followed by immediate drop of this parameter. Sperm velocity increased for a short duration in all shaken specimens, after which it dropped considerably in most cases. Following centrifugation below 330 g for 10-20 min, sperm motility was almost unaffected. However, there was a significant drop in sperm motility after specimens were subjected to rates above 580 g for the same time duration. Intensive shaking and centrifugation significantly increased the percentage of dead spermatozoa, as confirmed from the combined supravital staining and MEP technique. PMID- 7271362 TI - A fluorometric-reflectometric technique for simultaneous measurement of pH and motility in ram semen. AB - An optical technique for simultaneous assessment of pH and motility in ram semen was described. Motility was evaluated by the measurement of changes in intensity of reflected light from semen samples illuminated with 366 nm light. pH was measured by using a pH-sensitive fluorescent indicator (umbelliferone). From the changes in fluorescence intensity (450 nm) as a function of the pH of the semen, a calibration curve was constructed. The relationship between pH changes and motility in various metabolic conditions were described. Different kinetics for pH changes occurred when sperm motility was driven by both mitochondrial respiration and fructolysis or by either one of them. An analysis of the fluorescence signal from extracellular or cellular fractions of semen suggested that the pH measurement reflected extracellular pH. PMID- 7271363 TI - Effect of medrogestone on conversions of pregnenolone and 17 alpha hydroxypregnenolone in rat testis. AB - Medrogestone, viz., 6,17-dimethylpregn-4,6-diene,3,20-dione (Colprone), a synthetic compound with progestational and antiandrogenic properties, was studied for its effects on the metabolism of pregnenolone and 17 alpha hydroxypregnenolone by a 10,000 g supernatant fraction of testicular homogenates. This compound inhibited the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone (91%), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (83%), delta 4-androstenedione (43%), and testosterone (30%) and the conversion of 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone (84%), delta 4-androstenedione (56%), and testosterone (38%). PMID- 7271364 TI - Inhibition of testosterone metabolism by medrogestone in rat ventral prostate in vivo and in vitro. AB - Medrogestone (MDG), viz., 6,17-dimethyl-4,6-pregnadiene-3,20-dione (Colprone), a synthetic compound with progestational and antiandrogenic properties was studied for its effect on the conversion of testosterone (T) to 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha(beta)-17 beta-diol (Adiol) by ventral prostatic preparations of the rat. MDG, 20 mg/kg b.w./day s.c. for 14 days, inhibited the conversion of T to DHT by ventral prostatic homogenates and cytoplasm and at the same dose and route, but for 28 days, it reduced the conversion of T to DHT by ventral prostatic nuclei and T to Adiol by ventral prostatic cytoplasm and nuclei. MDG, from 1 X 10(-4) to 1 X 0(-5) M final concentration in vitro, induced dose-dependent decreases in the conversions of T to DHT and Adiol by ventral prostatic nuclei. PMID- 7271365 TI - Effect of zinc administration on plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and sperm count. AB - The effects of zinc therapy on plasma testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and sperm count were studied in 37 patients with idiopathic infertility of more than five years duration. In the first group (T less than 4.8 ng/ml; 22 patients), T and DHT rose significantly after oral administration of zinc, as did the sperm count. Nine wives became pregnant, six within 3 months and three within 2 months of a second trial. In the second group (T greater than or equal to 4.8 ng/ml; 15 patients), T and sperm count were unaffected by zinc, while DHT increased significantly. There was no conception observed. The rationale of this treatment and the significance of the results are discussed. PMID- 7271366 TI - Effect of gossypol on boar spermatozoa in vitro. AB - Gossypol, the active component in cottonseed oil, inhibits spermatogenesis in many mammals. Gossypol enhanced respiration and abolished forward motility of boar spermatozoa. The effective concentration was 10(-5) M, similar to that reported in its uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. Its antifertility effect may be a combination of the effect on the developing spermatids as well as that on spermatozoal motility. PMID- 7271367 TI - [Poisonous marine invertebrates on the Tunisian coast. Nature and action of their toxin. Therapeutic and prophylactic methods]. AB - The authors present some eatable benthic Invertebrates like Muricidae and chiefly Mytilidae which could become poisonous under the action of biological et physical and chemical factors of the environment. The symptoms caused by poisonings due to ingestion of contaminated shells are described and therapeutic and prophylactic methods are proposed. PMID- 7271368 TI - [Spermatogenesis of Bothriocephalus clavibothrium Ariola, 1899 (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea)]. AB - The processes of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in the Pseudophyllidea Cestode Bothriocephalus clavibothrium were studied by light and electron microscopy. Spermatogenesis is for rosette type. The rosettes of secondary, tertiary and quaternary spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatid clusters are all resulting of a series of six incomplete, synchronous divisions (4 mitosis and 2 meiotic kinesis). The 64 nuclear syncytium of spermatids, during spermiogenesis process gives 64 mature spermatozoa, all originating from a single primary spermatogonium. The sperm differentiation is characterized by: 1. -- Formation of the differentiation zone containing an intercentriolar body and two basal bodies of the future axonemes; 2. -- Formation of a cytoplasmic expansion and induction of two flagella; 3. -- Migration of nucleus into medial cytoplasmic expansion inducing progressive longitudinal fusion of the later with two adjacent flagella into a single spermatozoon body. The filiforme spermatozoa of B. clavibothrium are about 300 micrometer long and their main components are . the nucleus, two axonemes, cortical microtubules and cytoplasm rich in beta-glycogen particles. PMID- 7271369 TI - [Appendicular taeniasis. Report of 3 cases]. AB - The authors point out three cases of appendicular taeniasis disease into an analytical retrospective study of 5,000 appendicectomies. In these 3 cases the parasite does not induce important processes level with the appendix. The localisation of the parasite is very rare. PMID- 7271370 TI - [Colobomatoides splendidus n.g., n.sp. (Copepoda, Philichthyidae), a parasite of teleost fishes of the species Sparus (Sparidae) from the Tunisian coast]. AB - After examination of the mucus ducts of the cephalic system in two species of teleostean fish from the coasts of Tunisia, Sparus ehrenbegi and Sparus caeruleostictus (Sparidae), a parasitic copepod belonging to the Philichthyidae, Colobomatoides splendidus n.g., n. sp. was found. The morphological study of this copepod is carried out. PMID- 7271371 TI - [Activity of fourteen antibiotics on Vibrio cholerae el tor]. AB - Two hundred and one strains of Vibrio cholerae el tor were tested by agar diffusion technic against fourteen antimicrobial agents. All the strains tested are inhibited by tetracyclines, gentamycin, tobramycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, carbenicillin and the association of trimetomycin but mainly the colistin are the less active. A great majority of strains are inhibited by the ampicillin. The streptomycin but mainly the colistin are the less active. PMID- 7271372 TI - [Turbellaria in the gulf of Tunis. I. Morphology]. AB - This is a preliminary work for a regeneration study which experimental results will be published posteriorly. This first note describes three triclads Turbellaria found in the gulf of Tunis for the first time: Procerodes lobata O. Schmidt, 1862, Procerodes dohrni Wilhelmi, 1909 and Sabussowia dioica Claparede, 1863. Precisions concerning ecological preferences and geographical distribution have been given. PMID- 7271373 TI - [Biology of Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1826) (Pisces, Squalidae) from the Tunisian coast: relation of body, liver and gonadal weight. Relative coefficients of condition and of hepato and gonosomatic processes. Embryonic development]. AB - The relative increase of body-weight size, liver-weight size and gonad weight size relationships is pointed out in all individuals and chiefly in the young ones of Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1826) of Tunisian coasts. The evolution of the cubic and relative coefficients of condition, and of hepato and gonosomatic relationships are depending of reproductive processes. During their growth, the embryos eat only vitellin reserves, the female uterin secretions interfere only on the ending gestation. PMID- 7271374 TI - Hb AIc measurement in the investigation of hypoglycemic drugs in mice: a study with metformin. PMID- 7271375 TI - Antidiuretic effects of intracerebroventricular infusion of adrenaline in conscious goats. AB - The effects of adrenaline (A) upon waterdiuresis were studied in conscious, hydrated goats, provided with a permanent cannula into the 3rd ventricle. Adrenaline induced a reduction in urinary volume and in free water clearance and a rise in the osmolality of the urine. These effects were dose-dependent and significant. A biphasic Cl-excretion pattern, consisting op of an initial fall below control level and a subsequent increase was observed. Na+ and K+ excretion rates were reduced. Central pretreatment with phentolamine completely antagonized the antidiuretic action of A. Propranolol, atropine and hexamethonium were ineffective. Alpha-adrenoceptors might be involved in vasopressin release. PMID- 7271376 TI - Inhibition of calcium release of diazoxide studied in the isolated rat kidney. AB - Isolated kidneys of normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) and of genetically hypertensive Kyoto rats (SHR) were perfused. Contraction of intrarenal vascular smooth muscle cells were induced by barium ions (0.1 to 1.0 mmol) as well as by high potassium concentrations (40 mmol). It was shown that barium stimulates intracellular calcium stores to release activator calcium. Repeated stimulation with barium under calcium-free perfusion conditions resulted in depletion of these stores. In kidneys of SHR rats the tension development in response to barium was stronger as compared with NWR rats and the time needed to deplete the stores was prolonged. This suggests that smooth muscle cells of SHR rats contain more sequestered calcium. Diazoxide inhibited the barium contracture rapidly, reversibly and dose dependently. The inhibition was non-competitive. Percentual inhibition was equal in NWR and in SHR rat kidneys. Moreover, diazoxide did not block the calcium influx across the sarcolemma membrane. The magnitude of the potassium contractures depended entirely upon the extracellular calcium concentration. In the range of 0.1 to 1.0 mmol calcium, tension development varied linearly with log calcium concentration. Diazoxide also inhibited the potassium contractures, provided normally filled calcium stores were available. The combined results strongly suggest that diazoxide prevents intracellular calcium stores to release calcium and, furthermore, that this action is the basic mechanism of the vasodilating activity of diazoxide in smooth muscle cells of rat intrarenal vessels. PMID- 7271377 TI - Neurogram recording during acute inflammation in the rat hind paw. AB - Electrophysiological recording was conducted using the intact tibiotarsal nerve of the left hind leg of adult male rats before and after subplantar injections of three different phlogistic agents or saline vehicle in the left hind paw. In three-hour recordings, peak neural activity as activated by 5 g of pressure to the injected paw was reached in 90 min (dextran), 120 min (brewer's yeast) and 150 min (carrageenan). The least neural hyperactivity was seen with dextran, while yeast and carrageenan produced comparably high degrees of hyperactivity. Neurograms were also studied in rats receiving orally administered prototype anti inflammatory agents or chlorpromazine 1 hr before carrageenan was injected pedally. Chlorpromazine HCl pretreatment (100 mg/kg) exerted the greatest protective effect with the nadir of neural activity seen at 90-120 min. The nadir for phenylbutazone (100 mg/kg) was at 60-120 min, indomethacin (10 mg/kg) at 60 90 min and aspirin (300 mg/kg) at 45-90 min. Despite these temporal differences, the protective effects of these three anti-inflammatory agents were statistically equivalent at the doses tested. Hydrocortisone alcohol (20 mg/kg) provided a significant reduction in hyperactivity at 30-60 min but the duration was much shorter than the other agents which showed protective effects through to the end of the 180-min observation period. PMID- 7271378 TI - An analysis of the effects of apomorphine and haloperidol on the release of [3H] dopamine and [3H]-noradrenaline from rabbit brain slices. AB - The effects of apomorphine and haloperidol on the K+-induced release of [3H] dopamine from striatal slices and [3H]-noradrenaline from cerebellar slices were examined. Apomorphine (0.01-1 microM) reduced the K+-induced release of [3H] dopamine from striatal slices, leaving the K+-induced release of [3H] noradrenaline from cerebellar slices unaffected. A higher concentration (10 microM) of apomorphine increased significantly the K+-induced release of [3H] noradrenaline from cerebellar slices. Haloperidol (0.01-1 nM) increased the K+ induced release of [3H]-dopamine from striatal slices, leaving the K+-induced release of [3H]-noradrenaline unaffected. Haloperidol in higher concentrations (10-100nM) increased significantly the K+-induced release of [3H]-noradrenaline from cerebellar slices. Both compounds inhibited the uptake of [3H]-dopamine into striatal slices and [3H] noradrenaline into cerebellar slices. In low concentrations both compounds showed selectivity for dopaminergic receptor sites, apomorphine stimulating and haloperidol inhibiting pre-synaptic dopamine receptors. Higher concentrations of these compounds showed a non-selective action. PMID- 7271379 TI - The effects of local anaesthetics on the isometric contraction of the isolated hemidiaphragm of the rat. AB - Local anaesthetics (benzocaine, tetracacine, lidocaine, cocaine, procaine) were found to depress both Td and dT/dt max of the isometric contraction of the isolated hemidiaphragm of the rat during direct electrical stimulation. The same substances were found to antagonize the action of aminophylline on Td and dT/dt max of the isolated hemidiaphragm during direct stimulation. The effect of higher concentrations of aminophylline was even reversed by cocaine, procaine and lidocaine. Increasing of calcium concentrations did not reverse the antagonistic action of aminophylline on Td and dT/dt max of the isometric contraction of the isolated hemidiaphragm. It is suggested that a change in the muscle membrane is responsible for the observed action of local anaesthetics on Td and dT/dt max, as well as for their antagonistic action towards aminophylline. PMID- 7271380 TI - Whole-body localization of 14C-tocopheryl acetate in the rat following oral administration. AB - The whole-body localization of dl-alpha-[3, 4-14C2]-tocopheryl acetate was examined in the rat for intervals ranging between 12-96 hr following administration of a single oral dose. Quantitative evaluation of the macroautoradiograms revealed a rapid removal of 14C-vitamin E equivalents from the blood and gut and their accumulation in body tissues. When the densitometric data were expressed as dpm/mm2, the values for radioactivity uptake by the adrenal cortex were systematically the highest of all tissues examined for all time periods. At 12-96 hr after dosing, high activity was noted in spleen, bone marrow, liver, lymph nodes and fat; moderate activity was observed in myocardium, lung, gastric mucosa, pituitary, blood, hair follicles, Harder's gland and nasal mucosa; low values were found in brain, skeletal muscle and spinal cord. The nearly complete exclusion of radiovitamin E from the brain and its localization to the choroid plexus implied the operation of a blood-brain barrier. Labeled vitamin E uptake in brain, salivary glands and skeletal muscle was essentially linear and increased with time over 12-96 hr. For both early and late sacrifice periods, a differential pattern of 14C-radioactivity uptake was observed with the pituitary, where the pars nervosa exhibited 2.8 times greater activity than the pars distalis. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to the suggested role of vitamin E in pituitary-adrenal functions, hemopoiesis and oral physiology. PMID- 7271381 TI - Beneficial effects of bucindolol in a canine model of pentobarbital-induced heart failure. AB - Heart failure was induced in barbital-anesthetized dogs by administering high doses of pentobarbital. This procedure depresses cardiac function as indicated by a reduction in right ventricular contractile force (RVCF), left ventricular dp/dt and aortic blood flow. Bucindolol (0.1 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg/hr) elicited a pronounced and prolonged stimulant effect on these depressed indicators of cardiac function. Both RVCF and aortic blood flow returned to pre-failure levels, left ventricular dp/dt increased 43% but heart rate was elevated only slightly (14%). Total peripheral resistance was lowered 36% by bucindolol. The combination of myocardial stimulation and vasodilatation which contributed to the positive results in this acute model of pump failure suggests a possible role for bucindolol in the clinical management of congestive heart failure. Further these results suggest that bucindolol, in contrast to propranolol, could also be used in a sub-group of hypertensive patients with depressed cardiac function. PMID- 7271382 TI - Effect of trapidil on mechanical and electrical activity of isolated rabbit atrium. AB - Actions of trapidil on mechanical and electrical activities of rabbit right atria were investigated in vitro. Isolated atria had spontaneous contractions. Ca++ (2.7-4.5 mM) concentration-dependently increased force and frequency of atrial contractions, and trapidil (10(-5)-10(-4) g/ml) also did. Trapidil (10(-5)-10(-4) g/ml) showed a tendency to augment the positive inotropic action of Ca++ and significantly enhanced the positive chronotropic action of Ca++. In experiments using conventional microelectrode techniques, trapidil (10(-5)-10(-4) g/ml) concentration-dependently increased the slope of slow diastolic depolarization, the maximal diastolic potentials and the peak potentials in pacemaker potentials of sinoatrial nodal cells, and shortened the cycle length of them. The results indicate pharmacodynamically and electrophysiologically that trapidil produces a positive inotropic and chronotropic effect on isolated rabbit right atria. PMID- 7271383 TI - Autoradiographic and biochemical observations on the distribution of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - A comparison has been made of the distribution of some new radioactively-labelled non-steroid anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs or pro-drugs with their respective progenitors and/or standard acidic NSAI drugs (i.e. aspirin, indomethacin and phenylbutazone), using whole body autoradiography and scintillation counting. The object of this study was to establish if the distribution of these new NSAI drugs may contribute to changes in their side-, or therapeutic effects compared with the older drugs. All the NSAI drugs accumulated in those tissues wherein the principle therapeutic and side-effects are manifest. The accumulation in inflamed tissues occurs regardless of the structural type of NSAI drugs, i.e. with specific accumulation occurring in this tissue of the acidic drugs or their acidic metabolites. New aspects of the distribution of the acetyl moiety of aspirin are reported which may be significant in relation to the side-effects induced by this drug. PMID- 7271384 TI - Inhibition of contraction by swelling of vascular smooth muscle in high KCl, low Na solution. AB - Rabbit aortic smooth muscle developed a contraction in a solution in which a part or all Na was replaced by equimolar K. Substitution of 80 mM NaCl with KCl produced a sustained contraction while the developed tension gradually declined in the solutions in which more than 120 mM NaCl was replaced by KCl. The decrease in the sustained tension was accompanied by an increase in tissue wet weight and both of the changes were prevented by a hyperosmotic addition of sucrose. Substitution for NaCl with K-propionate did not inhibit the sustained tension nor increased the wet weight of the tissue while substitution with KNO3 or KI produced a greater inhibition of the contraction than with KCl. It is suggested that the swelling of the rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells induced by the substituted KCl solution inhibits the contractility of the muscle. PMID- 7271386 TI - Influence of dihydroergotoxine and piracetam on creatine kinase activity in contusioned spinal cord. PMID- 7271385 TI - Influence of castration upon the seminal vesicle response to parasympathomimetic drugs. AB - The influence of castration upon rat seminal vesicle responses to acetylcholine, carbachol and betanechol has been investigated through the determination of the parameters pD2 (the apparent affinity constant), alpha (the intrinsic activity) and rho (the relative responsiveness) of such drugs on vesicles excised from normal and castrated rats. The pD2 and alpha values for carbachol and betanechol and the pD2 value for acetylcholine increased after orchiectomy; the pD2 increase was greater for the first two drugs than for acetylcholine. No significant difference in the values of rho of the acetylcholine receptor system was obtained after castration. Since carbachol and betanechol are not metabolized by cholinesterase, these results may indicate that the reported change in cholinesterase activity following castration is not the only factor to be considered as responsible for the variation in the seminal vesicle pharmacological reactivity. These results suggest that additional experimentation may be necessary to clarify the mode of action of these drugs in this system. PMID- 7271387 TI - Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of dopamine and metoclopramide on blood pressure in rats. AB - The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of dopamine (50--200 micrograms/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in arterial blood pressure in conscious rats. This depressor effect of dopamine was attenuated by the pretreatment with metoclopramide (16.5 micrograms/kg, i.c.v.), a dopamine receptor antagonist. Metoclopramide in higher doses (50 and 150 micrograms/kg), given i.c.v., produced an increase in blood pressure. The pretreatment with dopamine (50 micrograms/kg, i.c.v.) attenuated the pressor effect of metoclopramide. Furthermore, autonomic ganglion blockade with hexamethonium (25 mg/kg, i.v.) almost completely abolished the effects of dopamine and metoclopramide, indicating that these substances were exerting their effects within the central nervous system. These results suggest that the dopaminergic system in the brain is involved in regulation of systemic blood pressure in conscious rats. PMID- 7271388 TI - Adaptation of the neuromuscular junction to chronic acetylcholinesterase inhibition due to phospholine treatment. AB - The disturbances of neuromuscular transmission due to chronic (1 to 30 days) administration of phospholine to rats were investigated upon the isolated diaphragm preparation. Phospholine treatment impaired the ability of the muscle to maintain tetanic contraction in response to indirect stimulation and caused post-tetanic depression of twitch responses. In the later stage marked recovery of neuromuscular function occurred in spite of further phospholine administration. This recovery was not accompanied by any increase in the already lowered acetylcholinesterase activity. The concentration of d-tubocurarine needed to block twitch response increased during the first days of phospholine treatment and then, during the following period gradually returned to the normal level. The concentration of carbachol needed to block twitch response during 2 to 30 days of continued treatment was higher than that in control animals. The possible explanations for the spontaneous recovery of neuromuscular function are discussed. PMID- 7271389 TI - The effect of arachidonic acid on platelet-vessel wall interaction. PMID- 7271390 TI - 15-hydroxy-5, 8, 11, 13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) formation by rabbit peritoneal tissue. PMID- 7271391 TI - Prediction of the steady state levels of gentamicin, using assumed or actually measured pharmacokinetic parameters. PMID- 7271393 TI - Properties of a digitalis-like factor extracted from guinea-pig brain. PMID- 7271392 TI - Differential effects of Na+ loading and activation of Na+ pumping in canine arterial and venous smooth muscle. PMID- 7271395 TI - Vascular activity of ketanserin (R 41 468), a selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. PMID- 7271394 TI - Differential interaction of 5-HT with chicken and rat aorta. PMID- 7271397 TI - Statistical proof in inconclusive 'negative' trials. PMID- 7271396 TI - Differentiation of Ca transports associated with plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum in intestinal smooth muscle. PMID- 7271398 TI - Peritoneal sclerosis. A 'sword of Democles' for peritoneal dialysis? PMID- 7271399 TI - Ethylenediamine-aminophylline hypersensitivity. A useful model for research in drug allergy. PMID- 7271400 TI - Low incidence of renal failure after angiography. AB - One hundred consecutive patients with serious illnesses that required angiography were studied prospectively for the development of radiocontrast-induced acute renal failure. The study included 24 diabetics (six diabetics had chronic renal insufficiency), 19 patients with chronic renal insufficiency of other causes, 15 patients with concentrated urine, and 56 patients who received 100 mL or more of a contrast agent. Acute renal failure developed in only one patient. Previous series that indicated much higher incidences were retrospective and not inclusive of all patients, or these studies were composed mainly of patients with diabetic nephropathy and chronic renal failure to whom high doses of a contrast agent were given. Angiography is unlikely to produce acute renal failure except in an occasional patient with well-defined risk factors. PMID- 7271401 TI - Renal function impairment caused by intravenous urography. A prospective study. AB - Renal function was evaluated before and after intravenous urography (IVU) in 124 randomly selected patients. In cases with renal insufficiency (RI) (serum creatinine level, greater than or equal to 2 mg/dL), the incidence of renal impairment was higher (11 of 20 patients, 55%) than in the group without RI (16 of 104 patients, 15%). In the latter group, high blood pressure (BP) was associated with a higher frequency of renal impairment (28.6% vs 10.5%). Advanced age, mild proteinuria, and a single functioning kidney were not risk factors. The IVU preparation contributed to renal function impairment in ten cases, while in the other 17 cases, the iodinated contrast material was the only factor apparently involved. Renal function returned to its previous level in a mean period of 12 days. One patient suffered progressive and irreversible renal failure, and two others had a slight, persistent impairment of renal function. It was concluded that the incidence of renal function impairment is high, but cases are usually mild and reversible. The most important predisposing factors are RI and high BP. PMID- 7271403 TI - Sexual development and fertility of Jamaican female patients with homozygous sickle cell disease. AB - Results of a questionnaire study of 91 Jamaican patients with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease and 59 Jamaican control subjects of similar socioeconomic status indicated a mean delay of 2.3 years in age at menarche and of 3.9 years in age at first pregnancy in Ss disease. The mean interval between first sexual exposure and pregnancy was similar in the two groups. The delay in age at first pregnancy in SS disease resulted partly from the delay in puberty, but it also resulted from a further delay in first sexual exposure, with a mean interval between menarche and first sexual exposure of 2.6 and 4.4 years in control subjects and patients, respectively. Physical and social factors that related to this delay were reflected in the higher prevalence of casual unions in patients; this finding implied lesser sexual exposure. Although the similar interval between first sexual exposure and pregnancy did not suggest a lesser fertility in patients with SS disease, the number of infants born to patients with SS disease was less at all ages compared with Jamaican standards. This finding might reflect lesser fertility subsequent to the first pregnancy. PMID- 7271402 TI - Water immersion in nephrotic syndrome. AB - Five adults suffering from nephrotic syndrome were immersed up to the neck in 1.3 m of warm water for four hours. There was a mean weight loss of 2 kg; 1 kg was lost through sweat and 1 kg was lost through urine. Thirty-five millimoles of sodium was excreted in the urine in four hours, 15 times more than on control days. The urine became hypotonic to plasma in the first two hours of immersion. Aldosterone levels did not change on immersion in three patients, but fell from elevated levels in two others. It is concluded that water immersion up to the neck in nephrotic patients warrants further investigation as a therapeutic agent in those cases that are not responding to conventional diuretic therapy. PMID- 7271405 TI - Statistical proof in inconclusive 'negative' trials. PMID- 7271406 TI - Aggressive plasma cell myeloma. A terminal phase. AB - Seven patients with plasma cell myeloma experienced an aggressive, terminal phase. This phase is characterized by rapidly enlarging soft-tissue masses with tumor morphologic characteristics similar to a poorly differentiated or large cell (histiocytic) lymphoma, with rapid death, and often with fever, pancytopenia, decreasing levels of myeloma protein, and younger age. Median survival from the onset of the phase was four months. There was no response to single-agent or combination chemotherapy. In view of the extremely poor prognosis and lack of response to conventional treatment, patients experiencing this characteristic terminal phase should be considered candidates for innovative therapy. PMID- 7271404 TI - Impaired neutrophil response to acute bacterial infection in dialyzed patients. AB - The changes in WBC counts during various acute bacterial infections were studied in 11 dialyzed patients. There was substantial leukocytosis in only five of 17 episodes, despite conclusive clinical and bacteriologic evidence that the infection was caused by Gram-positive microorganisms. Segmented neutrophil counts also did not rise in most cases. Nonsegmented neutrophil counts, however, showed the normal expected increase. This blunted response may be another facet of the increased susceptibility of dialyzed patients to infection and may warrant early administration of antimicrobial treatment. PMID- 7271407 TI - Bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans in adults. AB - Clinical, roentgenologic, and physiologic manifestations of three adult patients with biopsy-proved bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans illustrate the varied clinical features of the different stages of this disease and emphasize the rapidly progressive nature of the disorder in some patients. Although the chronic stage of bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans has not been shown previously to respond to corticosteroid therapy, both of our patients with this stage of the disease had a dramatic response to high-dose prednisone. Furthermore, our one patient with the acute stage of the disease had complete resolution of his disease with treatment. Our experience suggests that early diagnosis and treatment are important in determining the clinical course of the disease. PMID- 7271408 TI - Rapidly progressing arterio-occlusive syndrome in a patient receiving long-term hemodialysis. Kohlmeier-Degos disease? PMID- 7271409 TI - Management of parapneumonic effusions. PMID- 7271410 TI - Purulent pericarditis caused by beta-hemolytic group C Streptococcus. A case report. PMID- 7271412 TI - Legionnaires' disease associated with massive pericardial effusion. PMID- 7271411 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, Bence Jones Proteinuria, and acute renal failure. PMID- 7271413 TI - Endotoxin content of street heroin. PMID- 7271414 TI - Concurrent membranous glomerulopathy and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7271415 TI - Erythrocytosis managed. PMID- 7271416 TI - Procainamide-induced hemolytic anemia in a patient with traumatic cardiac hemolytic anemia. PMID- 7271417 TI - Pulmonary edema. PMID- 7271418 TI - Levamisole does not produce chromosome fractures. AB - Levamisole is a drug chemically related to metronidazole. Metronidazole produces chromosome alterations in animals and humans. The aim of this work was to investigate if levamisole could produce chromosome fractures in mice. Levamisole and metronidazole were injected daily during five days, subcutaneously, at pharmacological doses of 2.5 and 6.2 microgram per g of body weight respectively to BALB/c mice. Three injected and control mice were sacrificed each day and chromosome studies were performed with hematopoietic sternum cells. In control mice, forty acchrocentric chromosomes were found without fractures. Metronidazole injected mice showed increasing percentages of chromosome fractures from the first to the fifth day of the study: 0, 1.46, 1.72, 7.70 and 9.10. Levamisole injected mice did not show chromosome fractures at that time. PMID- 7271420 TI - Diagnosis of lactose intolerance through the quantification of hydrogen in exhaled air. AB - Considerations are made on diarrhea secondary to intestinal malabsorption of carbohydrates and on the diagnostic means available in our environment, among which are the reactive strip, the clinitest tablet, tolerance curves and research of intestinal enzymes. The quantification of exhaled hydrogen is mentioned as a diagnostic method, used by several other authors, and a review of the literature on the subject is made. Considerations are made on a hydrogen quantification in the breath of patients with a transitory lactose intolerance. 16 patients were studied, 15 of whom showed an increase in the exhaled H2. 32 children with diarrhea, free from lactose intolerance, were studied. The method used did not show a significant increase in the exhaled hydrogen. 27 patients showed no H2 in their breath. In 4 there was elimination of H2 (false positives). 17 diarrhea free children were studied. A significant difference was found when comparing the children with diarrhea and lactose intolerance to the other two groups who were free from lactose-intolerance. It is considered that this method can be useful in the diagnosis of intolerance to lactose and other sugars. PMID- 7271421 TI - Specific crossreactions between two sera from the same type of malignancy. AB - By means of the surface and color fixation test specific cross-reactions were detected in mixtures of serum from two patients suffering from the same type of neoplasia, and it was of interest that tests with 105 sera from well proven cases produced reactions which were consistent with the clinical and pathological reports. PMID- 7271422 TI - Bilateral cortical projections from cat visual areas 17 and 18. An autoradiographic study. AB - Associated and commisural connections of visual areas 17 and 18 were studied in the light of the latest knowledge about the anatomo-functional organization of the cat's visual cortices. Injections of L-[5-3H] proline were placed, in different animals, in area 17 or 18 of the right hemisphere. Serial histological sections of the whole brain were processed by autoradiographic technique, after long (8-16 days) or short (30 hours) survival times. Cortical areas labelled by axonally transported radioactive material were then correlated with electrophysiological and cytoarchitectonical maps. Areas 17 and 18 were found to send associational projections to area 19, to the anterior and posterior subdivisions of the lateral suprasylvian visual area and to two regions lying on the crown of the suprasylvian gyrus (areas 21A and 20). In addition, area 18 sends projections to ipsilateral areas 17, 7 and 5. Contralaterally, projections from areas 17 and 18 reach the homonymous areas near the margin of the other. Homotopical callosal connections of area 17 affect the band of the contralateral 17 in which part of the ipsilateral visual hemi-field is represented. Heterotopical commisural projections from the areas studied affect areas 19 and LS in regions adjoining the central vertical meridian representations. These results suggest that, on an anatomical basis, the interactions between the cortical targets of the classical geniculo-striate and the estrageniculo-striate systems are more complicated than previously believed. Furthermore, the geniculo striate system supplies some visual input to non-visual areas through area 18. PMID- 7271419 TI - Malnutrition and immunity. III. Effect of malnutrition on the number of rosettes that form splenic lymphocytes in rats. AB - Although malnutrition is considered to be a secondary immunodeficiency, some authors have reported that a deficient protein-calorie intake can improve the quality of immune responses in specific circumstances. It is possible that the deficient function of some T lymphocytes in malnourished individuals can be compensated by an increase in the number or biologic activity of others. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to experimental malnutrition for five weeks; this was followed by the utilization of splenic lymphocytes for rosette formation with sensitized red cells (EA) and Leydig cells. In animals with a hypoproteic diet there was a significant increase in lymphocytes forming EA rosettes; on the other hand there was a decrease in those united to Leydig cells. This can mean that malnourished rats compensate this deficit increasing its K lymphocytes or that ratios between suppressor and helper lymphocytes were altered. PMID- 7271423 TI - An autoradiographic study of bilateral cortical projections from cat area 19 and lateral suprasylvian visual area. AB - Associational and commissural connections of area 19 and of the lateral suprasylvian visual area (LS) of the cat were studied by means of an axonal anterograde transport technique. Multiple injections of L-[5-3H] proline were placed, in different animals, in area 19 and in two different subdivisions of LS (PMLS, PLLS). Serial histological sections of the whole brains were processed by autoradiographic technique after long (8-12 days) and short (30 hrs) survival times. Cortical areas labelled by accumulation of radioactive material were correlated with electrophysiological and cytoarchitectonic maps of cortical areas. Results showed a number of projections of areas 19 and LS not previously described. Area 19 sends ipsilateral projections to area 5 and to the medial bank of the anterior suprasylvian sulcus. The postero-medial (PMLS) and postero lateral (PLLS) subdivisions of LS project to ipsilateral areas 5, 6, 7, 20, 21, 35, to the suprasylvian fringe (SF), to the cingulate gyrus and to the insular cortex. Contralaterally, new projections are found from area 19 to areas 20 and 5, and from LS to areas 19, 20, 21, 5, 7, SF to the cingulate gyrus and to the insular cortex. Results lead to conclude that the intra-modal and cross-modal interactions between cortical areas processing visual input are more complicated than previously assumed. The crucial role of the cat's LS in the cortico-cortical distribution of the visual message in emphasized. PMID- 7271424 TI - Contralateral tectal projections from single areas of the visual cortex in the cat. AB - 1. The projections from cat cortical visuals areas to the contralateral superior colliculus (SC) were studied by the autoradiographical tracing method. Microinjections of L- [5-3H] proline were carried out in cortical visual areas 17, 18, 19 and the lateral suprasylvian visual area (LS) in different cats. Only one cortical area was injected in each animal. Survival times of 30 hours or 8 days were allowed. 2. Areas 17, 18, 19 and LS send projections to laminae, I, II and III of the frontal pole of the contralateral SC. Areas 19 and LS project also the contralateral pretectal nuclei, mainly to the posterior pretectal nucleus. 3. Cortical fibres reaching the contralateral SC pass through the brachium of the ipsilateral SC. They run along the caudal part of this structure, cross the midline and then run along the caudal part of the contralateral SC; finally, they turn anterolaterally and reach the rostal part of SC. This pathway is the tectal semidecussation (5). Cortical fibres from LS (in particular from PLLS; 15) reach the contralateral SC also via the commissure of SC. 4. Our data support the suggestion (3) that the frontal poles of SC, in the cat, may subserve straight ahead attention and orientation to visual stimuli. PMID- 7271426 TI - Effects of vagal nerve and spinal cord stimulation on the activity of bulbar respiratory modulated neuron populations and the accompanying changes of respiratory rate. PMID- 7271425 TI - Effects of repetitive stimulation of group I and group II muscle afferents on homonymous motoneurons. PMID- 7271427 TI - [Comparative studies on the contamination of foods by cancerogenic hydrocarbons in the Soviet Union and in the GDR. Part 2. Contribution to the method (author's transl)]. AB - The principle of the method used in the Central Institute of Nutrition of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR, in the Oncological-Scientific Centre in Moscow, and in the Petrov Institute of Oncology in Leningrad, for the determination of cancerogenic hydrocarbons including the reference substance benzo[a]pyrene in foods is described and compared with other methods. The results of a comparative study among the institutes mentioned are in a good agreement. The coefficients of variation range between 3.5 and 18.9 percent, depending of the samples. These methodical presumptions enable an international cooperation to recognize the sources and the amounts of food contamination by benzo[a]pyrene. PMID- 7271428 TI - LDH isozymes in transplantable hamster tumours with different histogenesis and differentiation. AB - LDH isozymes were assayed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 6 long-term transplantable skin tumours in Syrian hamsters. The percentages of the M-subunits were as follows: in a slow growing fibrosarcoma with abortive differentiation and producing lung metastases -- 63.3; in two well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas with moderate growth -- 79.8 and 74.9; in a slow growing and metastasizing melanotic melanoma -- 67.7; in undifferentiated amelanotic and depigmented melanomas with very fat growth -- 72.8 and 77.4. Therefore no consistent relationship has emerged between histogenesis, growth rate, differentiation and metastases of the studied neoplasms from one side and their LDH isozyme pattern -- on the other. PMID- 7271429 TI - [Carcinogenicity in BD-IX rats of 7 homologues of N-nitroso-N-n-alkylureas in different stages of postnatal development (author's transl)]. AB - Carcinogenic activity of seven N-Nitroso-N-n-alkylureas was investigated in 679 BD-IX rates in different stages of postnatal development after administration of a single s.c. dose of the test compound. The results are compared with a former investigation using N-nitroso-N-ethylurea. The nitrosoureas in a series from the methyl- to the n-octyl derivative showed a pronounced neurotropic carcinogenic effect on treatment during the first ten days after birth. Malignant neurinomas of the heart, subcutaneous sarcomas at the site of injection and malignant tumors in other organs varied distinctly, depending mainly on the time of treatment. All observed effects were similar in all 7 alkylnitrosoureas investigated. PMID- 7271430 TI - [Embolization treatment of renal tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Embolization of renal tumors is receiving importance. This method of interventional radiology was modified for our conditions and completed by special nuclear medical diagnostic. 86 embolization procedures were carried out in 80 patients with richly vascularized renal tumours. Nephrectomy was performed in 66 of these cases. Efficacy of our embolization technique was evaluated by nuclear medicine, intraoperative morphological findings and histological results. There were no complications in our series. We have found only in one patient a rejection of isotope labelled embolic material into peripheral arteries without clinical consequence. PMID- 7271431 TI - [Comparative studies on the radiosensitizing action of 4-nitroimidazole and metronidazole (author's transl)]. AB - After the 2-nitroimidazole derivatives, misonidazole, and the 5-nitroimidazole derivative, metronidazole, had been tried in clinical radiotherapy, it seemed necessary to test substances from the group of 4-nitroderivatives of the imidazole on their effectiveness as hypoxic radiosensitizers. Therefore, the influence of 1-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole vs. metronidazole on the semiconservative DNA synthesis prior to the following irradiation on leukemia cells L5178Y, on the reproductive capacity in V-70 cells on the Chinese hamster and on radiation-induced inhibition of tumour growth has been investigated in comparative experiments. The results showed a considerably lower inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis by 4-nitroimidazole compared with metronidazole. Neither substance has any influence on radiation-induced DNA synthesis under oxic conditions. Under hypoxia the 4-nitroimidazole derivative shows a little stronger radiosensitizing action than metronidazole. The radiation-induced decrease of the survival rate of V-79 cells is not influenced by either substance in well oxygenized cells, while being increased to approximately the same degree in hypoxic cultures. The radiation-induced inhibition of breast cancer growth in the 1st transplantation passage of C3H inbred mice is potentiated by 4-nitroimidazole in a similar way as by metronidazole. PMID- 7271432 TI - [Oxygen multistep therapy and cancer. New perspectives in cancer immunology (author's transl)]. AB - After discussing the relationships between efficacy of body-own defense, arterial pO2 level and manifestations of both primary tumors and metastases, correlations between immune state and oxygen transport into the entire body are described on the basis of experimental findings. As a conclusion drawn from these results, the precise treatment schedule of a tumor and metastases multistep prophylaxis utilizing immune stimulation by means of derivatives of cyano-ethyl urea and fortification of oxygen transport into tissues is given. PMID- 7271433 TI - [Tumor viruses of nonhuman primates (author's transl)]. AB - Tumor viruses which in the past few years have been increasingly isolated from tissues of nonhuman primates are of considerable interest for contemporary investigations on putative human tumor viruses. This review covers the presently known isolates belonging to the families of papova, adeno, (gamma) herpes, pox, and retro viruses and originating from New World and Old World monkeys as well as from apes. Some of the isolates exhibit oncogenic activity in different simian species and are, therefore, particularly suited for the analysis of viral oncogenesis is primates. PMID- 7271434 TI - Ocular key symptoms of extracranial cerebrovascular disease. AB - Fourty-six patients with stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery were evaluated by direct Doppler sonography and ophthalmologic examination. A retrospective analysis showed the following secondary ocular manifestations of vascular diseases: ischemic ophthalmopathy (9) amaurosis fugax (8), ischemic optic neuropathy (6), and retinal embolism (5). Two patients had two ocular manifestations; three showed homonymous visual field defects. Results of the ophthalmologic examination were normal in seven patients. Eye changes not obviously related to extracranial vascular disease were present in ten patients. Ischemic ophthalmopathy was invariably due to an occlusive disease of the internal carotid artery. PMID- 7271435 TI - [The potential of psychopathological symptoms to differentiate diagnostic groups (author's transl)]. AB - We investigated the extent psychiatric illnesses can be differentiated by means of psychopathological symptoms. The present condition of 2269 patients was analyzed; they had been admitted to the psychiatric clinic of the Free University of Berlin during 1971-1976, as documented by the AMP (PAS) documentation system. The most frequent diagnosis in the sample was schizophrenia (32%), followed by neurosis (22%), affective psychosis (14%), addiction (6.7%), and organic psychosis (6.2%). We could demonstrate that even such diagnostic groups are usually discernible by symptoms, where the differential diagnosis is often difficult. Organic psychosis vs paranoid schizophrenia and depressive neurosis vs depressive psychosis can be determined, but manic syndromes in schizoaffective psychosis vs manic syndromes in affective psychosis are hardly discernible. The potential to differentiate, however, only pertains to diagnostic groups, since many individual patients cannot accurately be classified into diagnostic groups by psychopathological symptoms alone. Only a few symptoms are pathognomonic, and if there are pathogomonic symptoms characterizing a diagnostic group, only a few patients in this group show these symptoms. These results indicate, at least for the high number of patients without severe and typical symptomatology, that we must: 1. Achieve better differentiation on the diagnostic axis "psychopathology" by means of empirically derived syndromes instead of isolated symptoms. 2. Use other diagnostic axes (like etiology and course) for differential diagnostic purposes. PMID- 7271436 TI - [Success in studies and course of illness in regard to schizophrenic students (author's transl)]. AB - When treating schizophrenic students, the problem of whether the student ought to continue his studies frequently arises. To obtain a basis for criteria, a written questionnaire was sent to students who were treated as in-patients at the Universitats-Nervenklinik in Tubingen between 1972 and 1978. By means of these questionnaires, details were obtained about progress of the patients' studies and illness. Of the 122 students approached, posttreatment information was submitted for 80.3%. Of these, two-fifths had discontinued their studies and one-fifth had completed them, were still studying, or had committed suicide. The difference between those who had completed their studies and those who had discontinued them could be attributed to a more favorable course of illness, as far as clinical criteria are concerned, with a more acute beginning to the illness, shorter in patient treatment, and a more episodic course. The horrifyingly frequent cases of suicide seem to be less often a psychotic symptom than a reaction to the effects of the illness experienced by the patient that influence his ability to make contact and his studies. Students are particularly affected by schizophrenia, since the cognitive disturbances connected with this illness have a much greater effect on their work than on work of a less intellectual kind. Criteria for the indication of discontinuing studies and ideas on treatment and suicide prophylactic are developed from the above results and from clinical experience with schizophrenic students. PMID- 7271437 TI - [The grief for missing persons. An interview of wives, children and siblings (author's transl)]. AB - Spouses, children and siblings of missing persons (World War II) were, in cooperation with the German Red Cross, interviewed about their grief work. In spite of methodologic shortcomings and the small number of persons interviewed, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. In spouses the process of grief starts within the frame of the "forewarning of loss", caused by the constant peril of war. After being told that their husband was missing, a grief reaction followed which, although unlimited in time, can be characterized as anticipatory grief. 2. The relationship to the children and the assumption of both father and mother roles show that grief work had been done in spite of persistent uncertainty. 3. The children are much less capable of accepting the nonexistence of their father. The reactions are similar to adoptees in adolescence searching for their biological parents. 4. For the parents of missing persons all perspectives of life seem to be over-shadowed by their grief, which, as a pathological grief reaction, remains incomplete. PMID- 7271438 TI - Comparison of transvestism in Australia and America. AB - Information concerning gender identity, sexual orientation, cross-dressing behavior, fetishism, and bondage was obtained from a questionnaire which was posted to members of two transvestite clubs, one in the United States and one in Australia. This study reports the responses of 136 American and 86 Australian self-designated transvestites who reported a period of fetishism to women's clothes at some stage of development. Characteristics of transvestism of subjects in both countries were remarkably similar; all were male, almost half the subjects first cross-dressed in prepuberty, and in the large majority cross dressing was well established by late adolescence; intense fetishism was usually experienced during adolescence but waned in later years; in almost a quarter of subjects fetishism ceased, although the desire to cross-dress continued; in many subjects transvestism was associated with fantasies of bondage, usually of the subjects bound while cross-dressed; sexual orientation was predominantly or exclusively heterosexual in more than three-quarters of the subject. Subjects were categorized into two groups. One group, termed nuclear transvestites, were satisfied with cross-dressing. The second group, termed marginal transvestites, desired feminization by hormone ingestion or by surgical intervention. Marginal compared to nuclear transvesites reported significantly stronger feminine gender identity and tended to report a stronger interest in the homosexual direction. The differences appeared to be present from childhood. No significant differences were found between the nuclear and marginal transvestites with regard to characteristics of fetishism, bondage, and cross-dressing except that in the American group marginal transvestites currently cross-dressed more frequently than did nuclear transvestites. PMID- 7271439 TI - Career aspiration and gender role development in young girls. AB - Career aspirations of 66 middle-class girls (aged 8 to 13) were examined in terms of the dichotomy between a pioneering career choice (a career in a currently male dominated field) and a traditional choice (a career in a currently female dominated field). Of the girls, 32 had been exposed in utero to various amounts of exogenous estrogens/progesterone and/or thyroid hormones administered to their mothers for minor pregnancy complications; the remaining subjects were controls. While the treatment group did not differ significantly from the control group in type of career choice, prenatal hormone administration was associated with less persistent tomboyism in childhood. Therefore, results are presented for the two groups separately and combined. We assessed career aspiration as it may relate to age, IQ, other aspects of gender role development, and various family characteristics. We found that pioneers differed from traditionals in several ways: (1) Pioneers tended to have higher IQ scores than traditionals; (2) pioneers more often were persistent tomboys throughout childhood; (3) pioneers were several months older than traditionals; (4) parents of pioneers were more highly educated than parents of traditionals. While pioneers were more often persistent tomboys, they did not differ in other aspects of gender role development, as in the sex of their friends or anticipation of marriage and motherhood. Since prenatal hormone treatment was associated with a lower incidence of persistent tomboyism and tomboyism was related to pioneering career choice, an indirect effect of estrogen/progesterone treatment during pregnancy on career choice is suggested. However, since the relationships between individual or family characteristics and career choice were the same within both the treatment and control groups, we feel confident that we have identified replicable factors that facilitate nontraditional career choices in young girls of middle-class background. PMID- 7271440 TI - Early morphological changes in rat cerebellum caused by a single dose of methylmercury. AB - A single dose of 10 mg methylmercury chloride per kg body weight was given to 30 days old rats and to adult rats (180-200g)(. This resulted in brain levels of 1.4 2.2 micrograms Hg/g wet weight. In the young rats electron microscopic morphometry showed swelling of the granule cells. The extent of changes was more pronounced in the cerebellar hemispheres than in the vermis and flocculus. At 7 days after giving the methylmercury the granule cells appeared to have returned to normal. Methylmercury produced both light and electron microscopic changes in cerebellar neurons of adult (180-200 g) rats 3 days after dosing. 2.5-10% of the granule cells appeared dark and condensed in toluidine blue stained semithin sections of perfusion fixed and plastic embedded material. In control animals the comparable percentage never exceeded 1. By electron microscopic morphometry the dark cells proved to be shrunken to 70%, whereas the remaining light granule cells were swollen to 130% of the normal cell volume. The heterochromatin and mitochondrial volumes per cell remained constant in both dark and light cells from methylmercury treated animals. In the purkinje cells from both young and adult rats, geometrical changes in the cisternae of the granulated endoplasmic reticulum were evident. The swelling and shrinkage of the granule cells is supposed to be due to impaired electrolyte control and the disorganized granulated endoplasmic reticulum of the Purkinje cells may be related to the deleterious effect on protein synthesis. PMID- 7271441 TI - Effects of methylmercury on zinc-thionein levels of rat liver. AB - The induction of metallothionein synthesis by administration of methylmercury chloride as studied. A repetitive sc dose of methylmercury chloride to rats in amounts of 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days produced profound hypozincemia and 3-fold increase in hepatic zinc bound to metallothionein by the initial 24 h. The incorporation of 35S-cysteine into hepatic metallothionein was about 4 times larger for rats treated with methylmercury, which was comparable with it for rats treated with cadmium, than for control rats. These results suggest the induction of de novo synthesis of metallothionein by administration of methylmercury, although methylmercury was found to be unable to bind to produced metallothionein both in vivo and in vitro. A stress produced by methylmercury administration appears to be involved in the induction of hepatic zinc-thionein by methylmercury, through its mechanism is not clear. PMID- 7271442 TI - Toxicity and renal elimination of lithium in rats of different ages. AB - In 5- and 15-day-old rats, acute toxicity is much higher than in adults. However, in young rats two sublethal doses of lithium (75% of the LD50) can be injected in a shorter time interval than in adults, resulting in the same mortality (50%). After pretreatment of rats with 1.15 meq Li+/100 g b.wt. daily for 2 days and a load of 0.3 meq Li+/100 g b.wt. intraperitoneally on the day on which diuresis experiments were performed, a distinct age-dependence in renal lithium elimination was observed, with age-dependent consequences for the elimination of sodium and potassium. In the postnatal period, the ability to excrete lithium matures earlier than the ability to eliminate sodium. Thus the age-dependence of lithium toxicity stems from the age-dependent pharmacokinetic parameters of lithium, such as distribution and renal elimination. PMID- 7271443 TI - Arsenic dose in patients with cutaneous carcinomata and hepatic hemangio endothelioma after environmental and occupational exposure. AB - A total of 16 male cases with malignant tumours associated with arsenic-polluted water were observed in Tarapaca and Antofagasta Provinces, northern Chile. Fifteen of them had skin carcinomata and the remaining one a hemangio endothelioma of liver. The skin cancer cases had latent periods ranging from 12 45 years. Three patients were studied in detail. The first one (skin cancer) had a latent period of 20 years with a weighted mean dose of 1.2 mg/day (total dose for latent period 8.4 g). The second one (skin cancer) had a latent period of 23 years with a weighted mean dose of 1.0 mg/day (total dose for latent period 8.3 g). The third case (liver tumour) exhibited a latent period of 14 years with a weighted mean of 0.6 mg/day (total dose for latent period 3.1 g). Fifteen of the 16 cancer patients were labourers. For normal subjects of different ages and both sexes (n = 290) and ingesting arsenic-polluted water (0.60 ppm), the relationship between mean age and mean arsenic dose is expressed by a weighted least square polynomial regression, of second degree: E(y)- beta 0 + beta 1t + beta 2 t2 where y is mean arsenic dose (mg/person/day) and t is mean age (years). For the general male population and for male labourers, the respective equations are presented. PMID- 7271444 TI - Significance of the LD50-test for the toxicological evaluation of chemical substances. PMID- 7271445 TI - Chain length heterogeneity of nucleosomal DNA in mouse liver after dimethylnitrosamine administration. AB - The effect of dimethylnitrosamine on the nucleosomal structure of mouse liver chromatin was studied. After a single oral dose of dimethylnitrosamine (2-75 mg/kg body weight 45 min before sacrifice) liver nuclei were isolated and incubated with micrococcus nuclease. Nucleosomes were separated on sucrose density gradients. There were no differences in nucleosomal sedimentation velocities between preparations from control and dimethylnitrosamine treated animals. The supernatant obtained after centrifugation of the lysed nuclei (2 min at 4,000 gav) and nucleosomal peak fractions were used for isolation of DNA. DNA was heat denatured in 7 M urea or formamide. After electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels areas under mononucleosomal DNA and smaller fragments were measured and compared with the total DNA area. The increase in DNA fragmentation was dimethylnitrosamine dose response dependent. When expressed as per cent of controls it amounted to 106% for 2 mg; 115% for 10 mg; 127% for 25 mg; 164% for 75 mg dimethylnitrosamine/kg body weight. A good correlation between mobility and log of chain length of phi chi 174 RF DNA-Hae III digest was obtained in nondenaturing 5% polyacrylamide gels and denaturing non-aqueous formamide polyacrylamide gels but not in 12% polyacrylamide gels containing 7 M urea. DNA of mononucleosomal peak fractions contained 200 and that of dinucleosomal peak fractions 400 nucleotides. Fragmentation of DNA was closely related to in vivo dimethylnitrosamine treatment but was not detected in measurements of protein-DNA complexes in the chromatin. It was disclosed on denaturation of DNA followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7271446 TI - Neurotoxicity of acrylamide and related compounds and their effects on male gonads in mice. AB - Neurotoxicity of acrylamide and related compounds and their effects on the testis after repeated oral doses were studied in mice. Of fourteen analogues tested, five produced neuropathy. In decreasing order of potency as assessed by the rotated performance test, these were as follows: acrylamide greater than N isopropylacrylamide greater than N-methylacrylamide = methacrylamide greater than N-hydroxymethylacrylamide. The development of neurotoxicity was either greatly reduced or delayed by phenobarbital treatment. Acrylamide, N hydroxymethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-methylacrylamide and N,N' methylene-bis-acrylamide produced testicular atrophy. Atrophy was either prevented by phenobarbital treatment, as in the cases of acrylamide and N isopropylacrylamide, or reduced, as in the case of N-hydroxymethylacrylamide. Histological changes in the testis produced by the active compounds were degenerations of the epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules, with the interstitial cells being normal. PMID- 7271447 TI - Striatal dopamine turnover and L-dopa treatment after short-term exposure of rats to manganese. AB - The turnover rate of striatal dopamine (DA) and the effect of L-dopa treatment was investigated in rats after the daily oral administration of MnCl2 . 4H20 for a period of 30 days. The turnover rate of striatal DA, as determined by the administration of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, increased significantly in manganese exposed rats. L-Dopa administration resulted in a significant elevation in the levels of DA and its metabolite, homovanillic acid, in manganese-exposed rats, but these neurochemical changes could not be correlated with the concentration of manganese in the striatum. We therefore advise the L-dopa therapy should not be tried in early manganese intoxication, as it may aggravate manic symptoms due to marked increase in brain DA. PMID- 7271448 TI - The influence of low lead doses on the reticulo-endothelial system and leucocytes of mice. AB - The half-life of the indian ink elimination (carbon clearance method) was used as a measure of the RES activity. A significant increase of the RES activity in mice was found already after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 20, 50, or 100 micrograms PbAc/kg body weight (b.w.). A significant RES stimulation could also be demonstrated after a single or 10-day oral administration of lead at doses of 10-1,000 micrograms PbAc/kg b.w. No RES stimulation occurred, however, after 30-day oral administration of lead. On determining the reactivity of the RES to 1 microgram endotoxin/kg b.w. it was found that it was already limited after a single and 10-day oral lead administration. After 30-day oral administration of lead (doses 10-1,000 micrograms PbAc/kg b.w.) the reactivity of the RES was completely suppressed. After a single and 10-day oral administration of lead (doses 10-1,000 micrograms PbAc/kg b.w.) we observed a marked leucocytosis. This effect was most clearly seen after a dose of 100 micrograms PbAc/kg b.w.; the leucocyte counts were increased by up to 50% in comparison with controls. After 30-day oral administration of lead, such a leucocytosis was no longer detectable. In accordance with the findings on the RES, the leucocytosis that is normally induced in the animals by 1 microgram endotoxin/kg b.w. was significantly reduced or completely suppressed both after single and also after 10 and 30 days' oral administration of lead at doses of 100 and 1,000 micrograms PbAc/kg b.w. These results show that the resistance state of the mouse is impaired already by low doses of lead. PMID- 7271449 TI - Intestinal excretion of hexachlorobenzene. AB - 1. The intestinal excretion of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was studied in rats using the method of pendular perfusion. One and four weeks after i.p. application of 100 micrograms HCB/kg body weight segments of jejunum, ileum and colon were perfused with light liquid paraffin or squalane for 5 h. 2. The highest amount of HCB was excreted into jejunum, followed by ileum and colon. After 5 h HCB concentration in jejunal perfusion medium equals that in plasma. 3. Serosal tissue of intestinal segments contained higher HCB concentrations as compared to mucosa. 4. Paraffin treatment decreased the HCB content in both serosal and mucosal tissue of jejunum and ileum but not of colon. PMID- 7271451 TI - Lead accumulations in brain, blood, and liver after low dosing of neonatal rats. AB - Newborn rat pups were treated in seven groups: Group 1, the control, was untreated and killed at birth (day 1); Groups 2, 3, and 4 were treated on postnatal days 1 through 10 with respectively saline or lead acetate, 5.0 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg body weight; Groups 5, 6, and 7 were treated with the same respective dosages on days 11 through 20. Cerebellum, cerebral cortex, brainstem plus hippocampus, liver, and blood were analyzed for lead. Neonatal rats killed at birth all contained some lead, the cerebellum having the highest concentration. Tissue from most treated groups accumulated lead in a dose dependent manner. A comparison of lead concentrations between the organs of rats dosed days 1-10 and rats dosed days 11-20 indicated that the latter accumulated less lead per gram of tissue (p less than 0.05) than their younger litter mates. PMID- 7271450 TI - Histological examination of the rat after long-term exposure to subtoxic automotive exhaust gas. AB - Regarding the potential impact of traffic-born air pollutants on public health, in recent years attention has increasingly been focused on the possible effects on the cardiovascular system. In order to investigate this problem further, the influence of long-term exhaust gas exposure on rats has been studied. One hundred Wistar rats of either sex were exposed 5 X 8 h/week up to 28 months to an atmosphere polluted by the emissions of an idling Otto engine, CO concentrations held constant at 90 ppm. A second group (50 rats) was exposed to 250 ppm for 6 months. Blood parameters and body weight were controlled. Specimens of CNS, heart, vessels, kidney etc. were investigated light microscopically. Focal necroses of the myocardium with inflammatory reactions as well as interstitial fibrosis were found in the heart muscle of the 90 ppm group. In the 250 ppm group endothelial proliferations, edema of the intima and deposits of proteoglycanes in the media were observed. We conclude that subtoxic concentrations of CO which only lead to slight morphologic changes may aggravate preexisting lesions caused by high risk conditions, e.g., hypertension or hypercholesteremia. PMID- 7271452 TI - Distribution of tin in the rat and disturbances in the metabolism of zinc and copper due to repeated exposure to SnCl2. AB - The effect of stannous chloride on tissue concentrations of zinc and copper was studied in female rats. The animals were subjected to repeated exposure to seven doses given every other day 2 mg Sn/kg, subcutaneously. About 60% of tin 113Sn was retained in the body. Of this amount, about 95% accumulated in the skin and hair. In the remaining organs the tin concentrations corresponded to 2.57 to 0.0001% of the retained dose. In comparison with the control group a 3-fold increase of the content of zinc was found in the liver while a decrease were revealed in the spleen, heart, brain, lungs, and especially in muscle. A statistically significant decrease of the copper content was found in the blood and brain. PMID- 7271453 TI - The influence of haemoperfusion on haemostasis and cellular constituents of the blood in the treatment of intoxications: a comparative study of three types of columns (Haemocol, Amberlite XAD-4, Gambro Adsorba 300 C). AB - The influence of haemoperfusion on blood-coagulation and cellular constituents of the blood was studied in three groups of patients. In four patients haemoperfusion was performed using a column containing acrylic-hydrogel coated activated charcoal (Haemocol), in five patients with a column containing uncoated XAD-4 nonionic polystyrene resin (Amberlite) and in five patients with a column containing cellulose coated activated charcoal (Gambro Adsorba 300 C). Perfusion was performed during 4 h with a flow of 300 ml/min. Before the start, 2 h after the start, at the end and 2 h after the end of the perfusion the haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, leucocyte number, differential white cell count, thrombocyte number and heparin concentration were measured. Before the start and 2 h after the end prothrombin time, thrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, reptilase time, fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors V, VII, X, antithrombin III, bleeding time (Ivy), ethanol gelation test, fibrin split products and plasminogen were measured. The following conclusions can be drawn: haemoperfusion per se causes haemodilution; polystyrene resin causes in some patients a temporary reduction of the leucocyte number during haemoperfusion; polystyrene resin causes a significant reduction of thrombocyte number compared to coated activated charcoal; polystyrene resin and to a lesser extent acrylic-hydrogel-coated activated charcoal causes in some patients a prolongation of bleeding time probably by inducing alteration of thrombocyte function caused by release; polystyrene resin and probably also acrylic-hydrogel-coated activated charcoal causes an increased fibrinolytic activity without signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 7271457 TI - Principles of selective inactivation of viral genome. I. UV-induced inactivation of influenza virus. AB - Photosensitivity of infectious, haemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities of influenza virus has been determined experimentally. The photosensitivity of infectious activity of type B (strain Hongkong/8/73) influenza virus ws found to be higher than that of type A strains NIB-4 (N3N2-3), Leningrad/399/76 (H3N2-3) and NIB-6 (H1N1). The data obtained may be used for the determination of conditions of UV-irradiation for preparation of UV-inactivated antiviral vaccines. PMID- 7271454 TI - Inhalation pharmacokinetics based on gas uptake studies. I. Improvement of kinetic models. AB - An improve pharmacokinetic model is described for inhalation of volatile xenobiotics from a closed gas phase system. This model is based on steady-state kinetics and covers metabolic elimination processes of either first-order, zero order, or Michaelis-Menten characteristics. It is emphasized that the distribution of a volatile compound between gas phase and organism under steady state conditions may be much different from a static equilibrium obtained in absence of metabolism, as it is observed after application of a metabolic inhibitor. A re-analysis or previous experimental data on dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of different haloethylenes reveals that, in general, the metabolic elimination processes of the rapidly equilibrating mono-haloethylenes (and vinylidene fluoride) can be resolved with excellent accuracy into sections of first-order and zero-order kinetics. Other compounds show a more smooth transition from first-order elimination (at lower atmospheric concentrations) into conditions of saturation (dichloroethylenes, trichloroethylene). The analyses are consistent with a recent concept of Andersen (1980) that metabolic elimination of inhaled xenobiotics is limited by either the capacity of metabolic enzymes or factors of transport to the metabolic sites. PMID- 7271456 TI - Sister chromatid exchange frequency in mouse embryo chromosomes following in utero exposure to beta-aminopropionitrile. PMID- 7271455 TI - Inhalation pharmacokinetics based on gas uptake studies. II. Pharmacokinetics of acetone in rats. AB - Inhalation pharmacokinetics of acetone in rats was studied using gas uptake techniques. Under conditions of negligible metabolism (saturation of metabolizing enzymes) the coefficient of distribution Keq between organism and gas phase was 220 which confirmed that acetone is mainly (but not exclusively) distributed within the body water compartment. The metabolic elimination of acetone from the animals followed strict Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics; the km corresponded to 160 ppm in the atmosphere, Vmax was 230 mumol x h(-1) x kg(-1). A shift in the distribution pattern of acetone under conditions of prevalent metabolism was theoretically predicted and experimentally proven; as the partial process of metabolic elimination was dose-dependent, this "depleted" the animal compartment from acetone in a dose-dependent fashion causing a shift in the "steady-state constant", Kst. Part of the acetone which was metabolically eliminated (4.7%) appeared in the urine as formate within 7 days after ending a 48-h exposure to acetone; this excretion was linear with time. The data suggested existence of a formate pool in the organism from which formate was released with delay. Hence, limitations may be inferred as to the applicability of urinary formate excretion as a quantitative indicator for changing conditions of acetone exposure. PMID- 7271458 TI - Experimental infection of young rabbits with rabbit parvovirus. AB - A newly isolated parvovirus of rabbits (F-7-9 strain) was inoculated into young female rabbits by the oral or intravenous route. Virus was recovered from the feces 3 to 13 days after inoculation. Viremia was demonstrated in orally inoculated rabbits. The virus was also isolated from tissue extracts of liver, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, appendix and mesenteric lymph node on days 10 and/or 14, and from the small intestine on day 30 after inoculation. Hemagglutination inhibiting antibody appeared in the serum after 8 days and neutralizing antibody was detected later. An 11S neutralizing antibody was demonstrated in fecal extracts between 15 and 30 days after inoculation. Infected rabbits showed very mild clinical signs of listlessness and inappetence lasting for a few days. Histologically, mild to moderate catarrhal enteritis was observed in the small intestine. PMID- 7271459 TI - Establishment of a persistently infected cell line with Rinderpest virus. AB - Persistent infection of rinderpest virus in Vero cells was established and designated as VRP34. Virus specific antigens were present in nearly 100 per cent of the cells. Cytopathic effect (CPE) consisting of syncytium formation and vacuolation is a unique feature of VRP34. Spontaneously released virus mainly consisted of non-temperature-sensitive virus populations and was able to initiate persistent infection in both normal Vero and RK13 cells. The results indicate that mutation of virus is responsible for the establishment of persistent infection. PMID- 7271460 TI - Effect of the infection of rubella virus on BHK 21/13 s cells: study of a glycolipid. PMID- 7271461 TI - Antitumor effect of virus-like particles from Lentinus edodes (Shiitake) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. PMID- 7271462 TI - [Neuronal structure of septal nuclei of the forebrain nuclei of reptiles]. AB - Cytoarchitectonics and neuronal composition of the telencephalon septum in two species of the squamatous reptiles (Agamidae) were investigated by means of certain neurohistological methods. Cytoarchitectonics of the agama septum is similar to that of other reptiles and composed of medial and lateral nuclei. Multipolar, spindle and pyriformed cells representing various radial and leptodendritic neurons of isodendritic (nonspecialized) type are revealed. A detailed characteristic of the dendritic and axonic tree of the septum cells in presented and compared to the literature data on the mammalian septal cells. The problem connected with the evolution of structure and function of the Vertebrata septal complex are discussed. PMID- 7271464 TI - [Decussations in the human muscular system]. AB - There are decussations in all groups of muscles: mimic, m. masseter, in muscles of the trunk and extremities. The classification presented divides all the decussations into 3 groups: 1 -- decussations of the muscles situated in the neighbouring layers of the same topographic area; 2 -- decussations of muscles synergists a) at the place of their origin, b) along their course, c) at the place of their attachment; 3 -- decussation of fibres within the limits of one muscle, as well as decussation of tendons in one muscle. If there is a decussation in a definite group of muscles, it is possible to suggest that there is a decussation in the antagonistic group of muscles or in the muscles situating at the opposite side of the trunk. Conformity of decussations in the antagonistic groups of muscles can surve as a morphological demonstration of their functional unity. Basing on the laws of biomechanics and constructive engineering, an attempt is made to explain the biological expedience of the oblique and crossed course of the muscles. In the orthopedic operative surgery in order to strengthen the joints, artificial muscle decussations are used, thus natural models of the crossed course of the muscles become more firm. Owing to the regularities stated, it is possible to elaborate new reconstructive operations in various parts of the human body. PMID- 7271463 TI - [Intrahypothalamic connections of the rostral and caudal portions of the hypothalamus (retrograde axonal horseradish peroxidase transport study)]. AB - Unilateral injections of 0.2--0.3 mkl 30% horseradish peroxidase (HP) Sigma VI were performed to 4 groups of rats: into the medial and lateral preoptic areas, into the medial and lateral areas of the caudal hypothalamus. After all injections performed the predominant amount of HP-positive neurons was found to situate ipsilaterally in the middle (tuberal) hypothalamic area, mainly in the frontal and lateral hypothalamic fields. Owing to the data obtained, it is possible to conclude that the tuberal hypothalamic areas mentioned are the source of the afferent innervation within the hypothalamus for its rostral and caudal parts. PMID- 7271465 TI - [Morphologic signs of adaptation of the microcirculatory bed of the liver to denervation]. AB - The effect of mixed denervation on the hepatic microcirculatory bed was studied in dogs and rats. Seven days after denervation, dilated sinusoid capillaries and spaces around the sinuses (Disse's space), disorders in structure of the sinusoid reticular carcass were revealed in the liver of the dogs and rats. The labelled nuclei index in the stellate endotheliocytes is statistically increasing; one month later, in the sinusoid wall the number of cells containing glicosaminoglicanes in the cytoplasm is increasing, outgrowth of the reticular fibres in the perisinusoid spaces and reorganization of the reticular type of the hepatic stroma from the radial into the alveolar one is noted. All the signs mentioned above demonstrate certain adaptation of the microcirculatory bed in the denervated liver to the altered conditions of hemodynamics. PMID- 7271466 TI - [Skeletotopy of lumbar lymph nodes]. AB - With a preliminary coloured mass injections into the lumbar lymph nodes, it has been possible to reveal that at the level of certain lumbar vertebrae or intervertebral discs 1-10 lymph nodes are situated. The main quantity of the lumbar lymph nodes are situated below the nephric arteries, between the upper edge of the second and the lower edge of the fourth lumbar vertebrae. It has been stated that the upper level of the left lateroaortic nodes (in 97.4% of cases), that of the retrovenous nodes (in 94.7% of cases) are situated at the level of the first and second lumbar vertebrae or the intervertebral disc between them; the upper level of the prevenous nodes (in 76.3% of cases) and that of the interaortovenous nodes (in 78.9% of cases) are situated at the level of the second, third lumbar vertebrae and the intervertebral disc between them. PMID- 7271467 TI - [Anatomy and topography of adult human hepatic lymph nodes]. AB - In 63 corpses of mature persons of both sex at the age of 17-96 years, anatomy and topography of hepatic lymph nodes have been studied by means of interstitial injections into the liver and gallbladder. In 98% of cases from 1 to 10 lymph nodes have been revealed. They have been subdivided into 3 subgroups: the hepatoduodenal ligament lymph nodes (1-8 nodes, from 1 x 1 x 1 mm to 43 x 8 x 6 mm in size, situating near the vessels and bile ducts which run in between the layers of the ligament), the gallbladder lymph nodes (1-3 nodes, from 2 x 1 x 1 mm to 15 x 7 x 5 mm in size) situated at the neck of the gallbladder, and the lymph nodes near the common hepatic artery (1-3 nodes, from 3 x 2 x 2 mm to 45 x 12 x 6 mm in size). It has been stated that during adolescence and mature age, the number of the lymph nodes varies within greater range than during elderly and old age. PMID- 7271468 TI - [Cholinergic neurons of the human midbrain]. AB - By the histochemical method of Burt for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, the nuclei of the human midbrain were studied at the age of 7-8 lunar months. Owing to the histochemical procedure applied, a certain quantity of the residue was obtained and 4 types of neurons were revealed: with low, moderate, high and very high ChAT activity. In all the nuclei studied, the part of every neuronal type was determined. A direct dependence between the level of the ChAT activity and the size of the neuron was stated. The nuclei possessing motor activity contained mainly the neuronal cells with the highest ChAT activity. The amount of the cholinergic cells in the nuclei of the midbrain varied from 98 +/- 3% (in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve) up to 45 +/- 12% (in the parabrachial mesencephalic nucleus). While studying the neural centers by means of the luminescent method, that reveals biogenic amines, it was stated that the nuclei have neurons with various mediator specificity. Cholinergic function of the mesencephalic parabrachial, supratrochlear, periansiform, subcuneiform, paranigral nuclei and the nucleus between the inferior colliculi was demonstrated. PMID- 7271469 TI - [Structure of the longitudinal suture of the bony base of the hard palate during the period of permanent bite formation]. AB - The investigations performed support the literature data that the longitudinal connective tissue suture in the osseous base of the hard palate during formation of the permanent bite possesses all the necessary tissue components in order to realize certain osteogenic functions. Its blood supply is provided at the expense of the microcirculatory bed including arterioles, precapillaries, capillaries and postcapillaries. The main morphological signs, demonstrating active osteogenic processes in the connective tissue suture of the hard palate, are preserved during the whole period when the permanent bite is forming; they remain more or less constant, while the form of the connective tissue suture of the hard palate undergoes certain rearrangements. It is necessary to note that among tissue components of the longitudinal connective tissue suture of the hard palate, besides osteoblasts and osteoclasts, Sharpey's fibres are important constructive elements. In addition to their mechanical function, they are capable to participate in transport of fluid and dissolved substances from the interstitium of the connective tissue suture into the osseous tissue along peculiar tubules in which the Sharpey's fibres are situated. PMID- 7271470 TI - [Biometric characteristics of renal corpuscles in reduced adrenal function and individually dosed physical loading]. AB - In 19 mongrel dogs (males) the effect of various doses of physical loading on the nephric body structure was studied at a decreased content of glucocorticoids in blood. Six dogs were used as controls. Glucocorticoid function of the adrenals was set off by means of intramuscular injection of orthoparadichlor diphenildichlorethane oil solution (25 mg/kg of the body weight). It was stated histologically and morphometrically that under inhibition of the adrenal glucocorticoid function, an optimal physical loading contributed to normalization of the nephric body structure. PMID- 7271471 TI - [Use of regression analysis to construct mathematical models of the diameters of arteries]. AB - By means of regressive analysis, using the cervicocerebral arteries as an example, the method to prognosticate the diameter in large arteries by measuring easily accessible external body parts was demonstrated. In 10 dogs body weight, diameter and length of the neck, height of the forelegs and diameter of the cervical arteries (in the roentgenograms) were measured. Statistically significant mathematical models on the diameter of the arteries studied were represented. The degree of influence of each of the four factors was stated for various cervical arteries. The data obtained could be explained from biological point of view. PMID- 7271472 TI - [Planning a morphologic experiment]. PMID- 7271473 TI - Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood. PMID- 7271474 TI - Illness and bereavement. Unrecognized implications for prevention. PMID- 7271475 TI - Narcolepsy--a brief update. PMID- 7271476 TI - Sleep disturbance in psychiatric disorders. PMID- 7271477 TI - Hyperthermia in cancer therapy. PMID- 7271478 TI - The MB creatine kinase isoenzyme. PMID- 7271479 TI - Autoantibodies in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. PMID- 7271480 TI - Endoscopic papillotomy in complicated biliary tract disease. PMID- 7271481 TI - Scrotal cystocele. PMID- 7271482 TI - Housestaff evaluation using patient instructors: a brief report. PMID- 7271483 TI - Laboratory tests in immunological diseases--teaching cost containment. PMID- 7271484 TI - America is a land of wonders. PMID- 7271485 TI - Presidential address. The streets are the same, but the traffic pattern isn't: do we stop, pull over or go ahead? PMID- 7271486 TI - Ventricular ectopy vs aberrant conduction: the problem, the theory, and some practice. PMID- 7271487 TI - Pityrosporum folliculitis: a common acneiform condition of middle age. PMID- 7271488 TI - Cystadenomas: microcystic adenomas of the pancreas. PMID- 7271489 TI - Invasive carcinoma of the cervix treated primarily with radiation therapy: University of Arizona experience. PMID- 7271490 TI - Malingering. PMID- 7271491 TI - Case of the month No. 52: traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. PMID- 7271492 TI - Orbital floor "blowout" fractures: clinical management. PMID- 7271493 TI - New vaccines on the horizon. PMID- 7271494 TI - [Morphogenesis of mitral valve calcification in rheumatism and the significance of the petrifications in surgical practice]. AB - Eighty-five calcified mitral valves were examined histologically and histochemically and 28 valves were examined in the scanning electron microscope. Different forms of calcification were discovered in rheumatic sclerosis of the mitral valve: dust-like, laminar petrifact, large-tuberous petrifact with protein apoplexy. The cardiac valve calcification in rheumatic fever is preceeded by local dystrophic changes of collagen fibers which undergo swelling, homogenization, and become picrinophilic. Qualitative changes in collagen predispose to calcium salts adsorption by collagen fibers. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the features of three-dimensional structure of petrifactions at various stages of their development. Dust-like petrifactions are microplates of lime with smooth surface, laminar petrifacts consist of accumulations of these microplates. The surface of large-tuberous petrifacts is irregular, ulcerated, covered with thrombotic masses. PMID- 7271495 TI - [Effect of reserpine on the ultrastructure and electrical instability of the heart]. AB - The time course of ultrastructural and electrophysiological disorders and their role in sudden death of ventricular fibrillation at various intervals of desympathization caused by reserpine administration were studied. Early in the effect of reserpine (up to 30 min), glycogen granules were found to accumulate in the sarcoplasm of cardiomyocytes. At later intervals (1-24 hours), along with glycogen accumulation destructive lesions of organoids were observed in the form of myofibrillar recontraction, destruction of mitochondria, degeneration of sarcolemma. These changes are morphologic reflections of metabolic disorders developing in the myocardium under conditions of acute desympathization of the patient, and may be one of the causes of increased vulnerability of the heart in fibrillation. PMID- 7271496 TI - [Neuronal secretory activity of the hypothalamic large-cell nuclei in rats with spontaneous hypertension]. AB - The study was carried out in 24 male rats with spontaneous hypertension (SHR, Kyoto Wistar) and control Wistar rats aged 8 and 12 weeks with the objective of detecting the time of activation of large cell neurosecretory nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus in rats with spontaneous hypertension. The activity of neurons of the supraoptical and paraventricular nuclei was evaluated by two quantitative methods. One of them allows the study of distribution of neurosecretory cells by phases of synthesis in these nuclei in 8- and 12-week-old animals. Along with this morphometrical method, the average diameter of neurosecretory cells and their nuclei was determined after Gomori's staining with chromium-alumen hematoxylin. Spontaneously hypertensive and control normotensive rats by 12 weeks of development were found to have an enhanced function of neurosecretory nuclei apparently associated with the age change in their functional activity. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, more pronounced activation of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei manifested by hypertrophy of neurons and their nuclei occurs only with the development of hypertension and is absent in the pre-hypertensive stage. PMID- 7271497 TI - [Morphology and histogenesis of so-called fibrous mesothelioma (submesothelial fibroma)]. AB - Clinico-morphological characteristics of a tumor (6 observations) designated in the literature as fibrous mesothelioma are presented. This benign slowly growing tumor appears as an incapsulated dense nodule connected with the visceral layer of the pleura by a thin fibrous "pedicle". Microscopical structure of the tumor consists of outgrowths of monomorphic spindle-shaped cells, hyalinosis foci and abundance of blood vessels in some of its areas. Tumor cells ultrastructurally correspond to fibroblast indicating the connective tissue genesis of the so called fibrous mesothelioma. This tumor should be distinguished from the group of mesotheliomas and be better called submesothelial fibroma. PMID- 7271498 TI - [Ultrastructure of the basic cell types of human transitional cell bladder cancer]. AB - Electron microscopic examinations of 33 transitional cell carcinomas of the human urinary bladder demonstrated that tumor cells may retain some organ- and tissue specific features which could be of differential diagnostic importance and indicate the degree of ultrastructural differentiation of this organ tumors. The main parenchymatous elements of transitional carcinoma include superficial (apical location of mitochondria, microvilli on the luminal surface, zones of adhesion, locking), intermediate (elongated shape, few organoids, digital processes, distended intercellular spaces, intercellular bridges), basal (large nucleus, meager cytoplasm), squamous epithelial (tonofibrils, keratohyalin, keratosomes, desmosomes) cells. Tissue-specific ultrastructural features of these tumors consist in specialized contacts (desmosomes, zones of locking and adherence), microvilli, fragments of basal membrane. Ratios of ultrastructural types of tumor cells in transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder vary considerably. PMID- 7271499 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of acute respiratory failure in closed chest injury]. AB - The results of experimental reproduction in dogs of some components of closed thoracic injury: traumatic injuries of the lungs and disturbed carcass of the thorax which led to the development of acute respiratory insufficiency are presented. Morphological manifestations of the latter consisted in hemorrhages of various sizes and atelectasis, as well as marked hemodynamic disorders developing, according to electron microscopy, at the level of aerohematic barrier. The concurrent arterial hypoxemia facilitated the development of hypoxic lesions in the myocardium. These studies demonstrated that myocardial lesions may aggravate the severity of respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 7271500 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the left atrium]. PMID- 7271501 TI - [Diabetic neuropathy and lesion of the vessels]. AB - Data from the literature concerning the frequent lack of correlation between the clinical manifestations of diabetic neuropathy on the one hand and the morphofunctional status of the appropriate nerves, disorders in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and the influence of antidiabetic therapy on metabolism and the clinical picture of diabetic neuropathy on the other, are presented. In this connection, abundant evidence of frequent affection of various blood vessels, particularly small and smallest, in diabetic neuropathy is considered. But even these data attest to a non-infrequent lack in diabetic neuropathy of the involvement of the appropriate vessels, particularly the lack of basal membrane thickening which is a most common indication to the diabetic involvement of capillaries. Attention is drawn to the possible role of genetic heterogeneity of people with regard to the development of various forms of diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 7271502 TI - [Relation between estrogen receptors and the clinical morphological characteristics of primary breast cancer]. AB - Clinico-morphological and biochemical analysis of 139 observations of primary mammary gland carcinomas showed the majority of the tumors to be receptor positive (72%), the tumors with estradiol receptors (ER) being prevalent in the group of patients with menopause (81%). Correlation of the presence of ER with the histological form of carcinoma and degree of its malignancy revealed no relationship between these parameters. In the group of ER-containing tumors, high and poorly differentiated forms of carcinoma were found with similar frequency. Among 8 observations of progressing disease 7 tumors contained ER and were of the II and III degree of malignancy. Thus, the leading factors in the prognosis are still clinical and morphological data on the degree of tumor spread irrespective of the ER presence in it. Further studies will demonstrate more clearly the clinical significance of ER presence in the tumor in patients with mammary gland carcinoma. PMID- 7271503 TI - [Electron microscopy in the differential diagnosis of uterine sarcoma]. AB - Three uterine sarcomas histologically diagnosed as differentiated leiomyosarcomas were studied electron microscopically for differential diagnosis. The study showed not all highly differentiated uterine sarcomas to be of myogenic origin. The histological diagnosis of differentiated leiomyosarcoma which consists mostly of spindle-shaped and elongated cells may often cover tumours of different histogenetic composition. In our material, electron microscopy established leiomyosarcoma in 2 cases, and sarcoma of the fibroblastic type in 1 case. PMID- 7271504 TI - [Structural variants, hyperplastic changes and tumors of the major duodenal papilla (based on surgical material from patients with chronic recurrent pancreatitis)]. AB - Morphological studies of 15 polyps of the major duodenal papilla (MDP), 50 amputated MDPs and 5 ectomized MDPs from patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis were carried out. Three groups of changes were detected: (1) variants of the structure: separate confluence of the common bile and major pancreatic ducts into the duodenum, additional pancreatic ducts, dystopia of the pancreatic gland tissue; (2) hyperplastic changes: papillomatosis of the MDP opening, intrapapillar adenomatous polyps, adenomyosis of MDP wall; (3) tumors: adenoma and carcinomas. No relationship between hyperplasias and calculi and inflammation of bile ducts was confirmed. Some kinds of MDP pathology were found to depend on variants of its structure. Papillomatosis of MDP was shown to be capable of malignancy. PMID- 7271505 TI - [Unique tissue differentiation in peripheral nervous system tumors (glandular neurofibroma)]. AB - A rare observation of glandular differentiation in neurofibroma of the right orbit is described. Data on another 7 similar tumors reported in the literature are presented. The problems of histogenesis of such neoplasias and difficulties of their diagnosis are discussed. Glandular neurinomas and neurofibromas are characterized by a malignant course and trend for relapses favouring high lethality in this disease. PMID- 7271506 TI - [Transformation of the kidney lymphatic system in clinical pathology]. AB - The nature of transformations in the renal lymphatic system in the clinical pathology of the kidneys, mainly in the final stage of chronic glomerulonephritis, hypertension, atherosclerosis, hydronephrotic transformation (45 autopsy kidneys) is demonstrated. The controls consisted of kidneys from patients dying with non-renal pathology (12 organs). In the final stages of the above diseases progressive reduction of the intraorgan lymphatic capillaries and vessels with simultaneous marked vascularization of the fibrous renal capsule due to an increase in the amount of lymphatic capillaries (their growth) and formation of new abducting lymph stems, numerous anastomoses between them, as well as distention in the vessel lumens and the development of varicosis of the wall. These morphological changes indicate high plastic properties of the lymphatic system and its role in the retention of the renal function in developing "local" lymph congestions in the organ because of outgrowth of the connective tissue. On the other hand, they are universal and reflect the time course of the progress. PMID- 7271507 TI - [Functional morphology of the myocardium and carotid paraganglion of dogs during electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve in experimental stenocardia]. AB - Histochemical methods demonstrated the recovery of the glycogen content, the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase as well as increased fluorescence of catecholaminergic nerves in short-term ischemized myocardium (experimental angina pectoris) after stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve. At the same time, a decrease in the number of cells containing catecholamines in the carotid paraganglion was observed which might indicate their discharge into the blood. Normalization of the histochemical values in ischemized myocardium after stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve allows this method to recommend for investigations in clinical practice. PMID- 7271508 TI - [Morphofunctional changes in the intestines of rabbits as affected by cholera vibrio toxins]. AB - Forty adult rabbits were inoculated with cholera vibrio toxins (endotoxin and enterotoxin) intravenously or into the operatively pre-isolated segments of the jejunum some of which remained intact. The examinations were carried out 3--5 hours after intravenous and 18--24 hours after intraintestinal inoculation of the toxins. Irrespective of the route of endotoxin inoculation, circulation disorders developed predominantly in the jejunum mucosa. Its content did not change in volume but the potassium ions concentration increased. Active hypersecretion in the epithelial cells of the jejunum mucosa was observed after inoculations of enterotoxin by both routes. It was followed by both quantitative and qualitative changes of its contents: increased concentration of potassium, sodium, chlorine ions and bicarbonates only in the ileum. Histopathological lesions in ;the jejunum mucosa were absent after inoculation of cholera vibrio toxins by both routes. PMID- 7271509 TI - [Isolated mesothelioma of the Pericardium]. PMID- 7271510 TI - [Lymphocytic thymoma developing in the wall of a thymus cyst]. AB - Among 648 patients having undergone thymectomy for myasthenia, the authors observed one female in which the operation revealed a multilobular cyst of the thymus. The features of the histological structure of the cyst undoubtedly indicate its primary nature. A detailed microscopic examination of the fibrous cyst wall revealed some elements of the tumor growth having the structure of lymphocytic thymoma. In the authors' opinion, the fact of the development of thymoma in the cyst wall is an additional argument in favour of early surgical treatment of patients with myasthenia, particularly in the presence of cyst degeneration of the thymus. PMID- 7271511 TI - [Morphology of "resuscitation-induced encephalopathy"]. AB - Two groups of changes in the cerebral substance were revealed by histological examinations of the central nervous system in a case of clinical death followed by respiratory resuscitation for 12 days. Changes of the 1st group consisted in foci of incomplete necrosis in the stage of organization in the cortex and dentate nuclei of the cerebellum, lower olives of the medulla, Zommer sector of the Ammon horn, and caudate nuclei. Their development is due to ischemia and circulatory hypoxia in the early resuscitation period. Changes of the 2nd group included acute disorders of microcirculation and extensive protein and carbohydrate dystrophy of nerve cells of the cortex and subcortical ganglia in the form of hyperchromatosis hydropic degeneration. "alzheimerization", accumulation of glycogen in the cytoplasm of neurons and astrocytes. The degenerative changes were combined with signs of gradual death of neurons and pseudolaminar losses in the cerebral cortex. Changes of the 2nd group may be classified as the so-called secondary nor delayed cerebral hypoxia in the development of which microcirculatory disorders are of importance. The observed morphological changes in the brain after clinical death and prolonged respiratory resuscitation represent morphological expression of "resuscitation-conditioned encephalopathy". PMID- 7271512 TI - [Cystoid idiopathic necrosis of the medial layer of the aorta [Erdheim's disease)]. PMID- 7271513 TI - [Mobile laboratory for autopsies and histological studies]. AB - The laboratory is set up in an "Ikarus-556" bus and has two sections: histological laboratory and an autopsy room equipped with autonomous water supply and sewage systems, heating systems, and necessary medical equipment allowing one to perform autopsies of the fatal cases and histological examinations under field conditions, in district and rural hospitals, and to improve the quality of therapeutic and diagnostic work. PMID- 7271514 TI - [Epidemiological study of arterial blood pressure. I - Tension levels in a youthful population]. PMID- 7271516 TI - [Effect of propafenon in myocardial refractoriness]. PMID- 7271515 TI - [Ventricular performance in Chagas disease. Echocardiographic relations in myocardiopathy with dromotropic disorder and in the preclinical phase]. PMID- 7271517 TI - [Effects of sterilization of the human dura mater by ethylene oxide]. PMID- 7271518 TI - [Myxoid degeneration, spontaneous rupture and aortic valve prolapse in the absence of hereditary disease of connective tissue. A rare case of a rapidly progressive heart insufficiency]. PMID- 7271519 TI - [Ventricular tachycardia caused by the use of amiodarone. Report of a case]. PMID- 7271520 TI - [Pulmonary valve agenesis associated with interventricular communication]. PMID- 7271521 TI - [Electrophysiological properties of propafenon evaluated by the technic of the bundle of His electrogram]. PMID- 7271522 TI - [Comparative study of the association of propranolol-chlorthalidone and the fixed combination of timolol-hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7271523 TI - Mechanical ventricular assistance: a review. PMID- 7271524 TI - Are the Jarvik artificial ventricles limited by inflow resistance? AB - The pneumatic total artificial heart has been assumed to be inflow limited. Mock circulation studies on the Jarvik-5 and Jarvik-7 artificial ventricles seemed to support this assumption because a Starling's response comparable to the natural heart was not achieved. Unfortunately, mock circulation studies do not separate the effects of valvular regurgitation from inflow resistance. By using a simple filling tank, filling times were determined for the Jarvik ventricles that were a function of inflow resistance alone. Theoretical maximum cardiac outputs based on these inflow resistance-dependent filling times were then calculated. For filling pressures around 5 mmHg and under modest diastolic vacuum of 5 cm H2O, the Jarvik ventricles yield a theoretical cardiac output as good as the natural heart's. Thus, inflow resistance is not a limiting factor and valvular regurgitation is left as the most likely cause of a less than optimal Starling's response on mock circulation and in vivo. PMID- 7271525 TI - A seven-month survival of a calf with an artificial heart designed for human use. AB - A Jarvik-7 type of pneumatic artificial heart, which was specifically designed to fit the anatomy and hemodynamic requirements of human patients, was implanted in a calf in an experiment to test the hemodynamic performance of the artificial heart. The experiment lasted for 221 days, longer than any animal had ever lived without its natural heart, despite the fact that the calf increased its body weight to 171 kg. The calf showed typical signs of low cardiac output before its death, but the direct cause of death was intestinal bleeding. At autopsy, it was discovered that the low cardiac output was due to severe pannus around the left inflow valve, as diagnosed earlier by changes in the pneumatic pressure wave form. PMID- 7271526 TI - Pusher-plate type TAH system operated in the left and right free-running variable rate mode. AB - A TAH system utilizing two pusher-plate type pumps was developed and tested in two calves for 45 and 108 days with excellent results. A Hall effect sensor was utilized to operate each pump with a full stroke at variable rates (VR); each pump was then allowed to run independently at different rates depending on its own preload and afterload. With this system, the animals' atrial pressures were kept to near-normal levels (less than 10 mmHg). However, significant differences in the left and right pump flows were observed (left higher than right) and they ranged from 5 to 30% of the left flow with a mean of 15%. These flow differences may be due to the bronchial circulation and related shunts. Right pump flows averaged 70 to 95 ml/min-kg and circulating blood volume ranged from 67 to 95 ml/kg. When various control modes including fixed rate and master-slave type simultaneously or alternatively ejecting VR modes were applied in the same animals and both pump flows were forced to be equal, unphysiological atrial pressures resulted. This result indicates that perhaps left and right flow differences are necessary physiological conditions to regulate the atrial pressures within normal ranges. Metabolic data also indicated that under simultaneously and alternately ejecting modes, A-V O2 content differences were increased due to decreased right pump flow as compared with those of the free running VR mode. The left and right free-running VR mode of operation imposed minimal constraints on the animals' cardiovascular system and therefore yielded excellent hemodynamic and metabolic results. PMID- 7271528 TI - Numerical simulation of blood and plasma flow through the Petschek flow chambers. AB - The Stagnation Point Flow Experiment is a popular means for studying blood surface interactions in a surface strain rate gradient. The strain rate distribution on the test surface of the flow chamber used in this experiment was originally assumed to be simply proportional to the radial distance from the stagnation point. A numerical simulation of the flows through the five most frequently used chambers shows that this is true only for one of the chambers, approximately so for another, and not true for the other three. An additional numerical simulation indicates the blood should purge the saline priming liquid within a few seconds at the beginning of the experiment. PMID- 7271527 TI - Pseudointima in expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft implanted in the inferior vena cava of normal and defibrinogenated dogs. AB - The pseudointimal formation in an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft implanted in the canine inferior vena cava was studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Five of 6 grafts in the control group and all of the 10 grafts in the batroxobin-defibrinogenated group were patent, and provided for the investigation. The thickness of the mural thrombus formed within 3 days was significantly decreased in the severely defibrinogenated dogs, in which the fibrinogen concentration was below 0.40 gm/L, as compared to the controls and the moderately defibrinogenated dogs, in which the fibrinogen concentration was at highest 0.72-0.87 gm/L. In spite of reducing the fibrinogen concentration to unmeasurable levels after 3 days, there was no obvious difference in the process of pseudointimal formation between the moderately defibrinogenated dogs and the controls. In the severely defibrinogenated dogs, loose and spongoid mural thrombus required a longer time to be reorganized. PMID- 7271529 TI - Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis: a preliminary report. AB - Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) was designed to reduce the high incidence of peritonitis and eliminate the multiple interruption created by dialysis exchanges during the day needed for CAPD, while maintaining the quality of dialysis. Three nocturnal cycles with 2 liters of dialysate lasting 3 hours each are provided by an automated cycler while the patient sleeps. Two liters are left in the abdomen in the morning. Only one daily connection and one disconnection are required between the peritoneal catheter and the cycler line. Our 84 patient months experience with 14 patients reveals a low incidence of peritonitis (1 per 42 patient months), satisfactory ultrafiltration rates and clearances that compare favorably with those of CAPD (Curea 67, Ccreatinine 58, and CB12 45 L/wk). Blood pressure control has been excellent while most patients enjoy liberal diets. This preliminary study suggests that CCPD may indeed reduce the rate of peritonitis, provide excellent clearance and ultrafiltration, allow more free time to the patient and maintain a steady physiological state. PMID- 7271530 TI - Ferritin: a reliable indicator of iron supplementation in patients on chronic hemodialysis/hemofiltration treatment? AB - Four hundred and forty-two serum ferritin determinations were performed in 144 patients on chronic intermittent hemodialysis treatment with intravenous iron substitution and/or oral iron substitution. Iron substitution should be done individually according to regular serum ferritin determinations. Intravenous iron substitution is easier to regulate. Iron substitution exceeding 100 mg per month normally leads to a slowly progressing iron overload except in those patients with additional blood loss or on chronic hemofiltration treatment. Iron administration should not be evaluated according to ferritin levels in patients with additional complications such as active hepatitis, tumors, infectious diseases, and operations. In these cases evaluation of iron storage can only be estimated by bone marrow examination. PMID- 7271532 TI - Middle molecular weight substances and tryptophan in cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7271531 TI - Dialysis treatment in schizophrenia: two years experience. AB - The authors summarize two years trial of dialysis treatment of schizophrenia. Twenty-five schizophrenic patients were treated with hemodialysis using PAN membranes. The dialysis schedule was: dialyzer; RP 610; blood flow: 250 ml/min; dialysate flow: 500 ml/min; time: 3 hr; vascular access: arteriovenous fistula, femoral vein, antebrachial veins. Dialysis was first performed for three days, repeated after one week, two weeks, three weeks, and one month, and then performed once a month. The drug regimen was never modified or interrupted. The results were evaluated with the Overall and Lorr scale. Nine patients interrupted the treatment early and were not considered; nine patients showed disappearance of psychiatric symptomatology (Overall and Lorr index decreased to 21.8 at 2); non-significant modifications of the main schizophrenic symptoms were observed in seven patients. According to our trial, dialysis with polyacrylonitrile membranes can modify the psychotic attitude in a group of schizophrenic "dialysis responders". PMID- 7271533 TI - Plasmapheresis in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Experience with 35 patients. AB - Thirty-five patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IM) were treated with plasmapheresis. They had had inadequate clinical responses to prednisone or to prednisone and cytotoxic immunosuppressive drug therapy. All patients received cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil in addition to plasmapheresis; 33 also received prednisone. Strength increased in 32 patients during combined therapy; patients with the most active disease experienced substantial improvement that approached clinical remission in some cases. Clinical improvement was documented by muscle testing, forced vital capacity, electromyography, muscle biopsy, and serum creatine phosphokinase activity. The major side effect of treatment was herpes zoster. Primary biliary cirrhosis improved in one patient. Although the effects of plasmapheresis cannot be dissociated from those of the concomitantly administered immunosuppressive drugs, the improvement seen in patients with active disease suggests that plasmapheresis with immunosuppressive drug therapy may find a place in their treatment and implicates circulating factors in the pathogenesis of IM. PMID- 7271534 TI - The aprosodias. Functional-anatomic organization of the affective components of language in the right hemisphere. AB - It was recently proposed that the affective components of language, encompassing prosody and emotional gesturing, are a dominant function of the right hemisphere, and that their functional-anatomic organization in the right hemisphere mirrors that of propositional language in the left hemisphere. Ten right-handed patients with focal lesions of the right hemisphere and disorders of affective language are described. Observations were made about each patient's spontaneous prosody, prosodic repetition, prosodic comprehension, and comprehension of emotional gesturing. Using this particular examination strategy, which is derived from the usual bedside approach to aphasic disorders, the organization of affective language in the right hemisphere does mirror the organization of propositional language in the left hemisphere. Furthermore, the disorders of affective language seem to be classifiable in the same manner as the aphasias. Thus, the term "aprosodia," preceded by specific modifiers such as motor, global, transcortical sensory, etc, seems appropriate when classifying the various disorders of affective language that occur following-right-hemisphere damage. The relationships between affect, mood, pathologic laughing and crying, and depression are also discussed. PMID- 7271535 TI - Intensive monitoring of epileptic patients with a history of episodic aggression. AB - Nineteen epileptic patients with significant history of episodic aggressive behavior were subjected to intensive behavioral and electrophysiologic monitoring for an average period of six weeks in a specialized inpatient facility. Numerous seizures were recorded in these patients but none disclosed ictal aggression. Only two patients showed episodic aggressive behavior but in neither case could seizures be implicated causally. The majority of patients showed a remarkable progressive improvement in aggressive tendencies during hospitalization. It is concluded that ictal aggression is rare and that, in most cases, the aggressive behavior in epileptics is a multifactorially determined interictal phenomenon. PMID- 7271536 TI - Binaural interaction in human auditory brainstem evoked potentials. AB - Binaural interaction was examined by recording human auditory brainstem responses to clicks from scalp electrodes. Deviations of binaurally evoked responses from the sum of monaurally evoked potentials were observed during waves IV through VI. Amplitude and latency of the interactions depended on click polarity: condensation clicks produced interactions of larger magnitude and longer latency than did rarefaction clicks. Latency differences cannot be accounted for by small latency shifts of the components of monaurally or binaurally evoked potentials resulting from changes in click polarity. Binaural interaction amplitude decreased as click intensity decreased and interaural delay increased. Attenuation of binaural interaction with interaural time differences was maximal at an interaural delay of 900 microseconds. Latency of interaction was prolonged in one subject with low- and high-frequency hearing loss; latency of binaural interaction in subjects with only high-frequency hearing loss was normal. These results suggest that binaural interaction in these potentials reflects binaural processing of low-frequency acoustic stimulation. PMID- 7271537 TI - Extraction of water labeled with oxygen 15 during single-capillary transit. Influence of blood pressure, osmolarity, and blood-brain barrier damage. AB - By external detection, the influence of arterial blood pressure (BP), osmolarity, and cold-induced blood-brain barrier damage was assessed on the extraction of water labeled with oxygen 15 during single-capillary transit in the rat. There was an inverse relation between arterial BP and extraction that was attributable to the influence of arterial BP on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the relation between CBF and extraction. Neither arterial BP nor osmolarity of the injected bolus had any direct effect on extraction of water 15O, signifying that the diffusional exchange component (determined by blood flow) of extraction greatly surpasses the convection flow contribution by hydrostatic or osmotic forces. Damage to the blood-brain barrier did not change its permeability to water. PMID- 7271538 TI - Congenital muscle fiber-type disproportion in Krabbe's leukodystrophy. AB - Progressive spasticity, blindness, loss of skills, and neuropathy developed in a 4.5-month-old boy. When examined at 13 months, galactocerebrosidase and galactosylceramide-beta-galactosidase activities were deficient in leukocytes. Intramuscular nerves and a sural nerve biopsy specimen showed loss of nerve fibers, interstitial fibrosis, and axonal degeneration, rather than the segmental demyelination that predominates in most cases. A muscle biopsy specimen showed congenital muscle fiber-type disproportion (CMFTD). This case confirms a previous report of CMFTD in Krabbe's disease and supports a neurogenic mechanism as the basis for CMFTD. PMID- 7271539 TI - Septo-optic dysplasia in an infant of a diabetic mother. AB - Septo-optic dysplasia was found at autopsy in an infant of a diabetic mother. Optic nerve hypoplasia and holoprosencephaly have been reported in other patients. These findings suggest a propensity for maternal diabetes to affect development of the forebrain. Head circumference should be measured and funduscopic examination performed in all infants of diabetic mothers, and additional tests should be performed as indicated. Mental and motor retardation and hypothalamopituitary dysfunction may be found in these patients. PMID- 7271541 TI - Distal spinal muscular atrophy and ophthalmoparesis. A case with selective type 2 fiber hypotrophy. AB - A patient had distal muscular atrophy involving the upper and lower extremities, ptosis of the lid, and ophthalmoparesis and cataracts. Muscle histochemistry and electromyographic examination showed lower motor neuron involvement. This case is similar to others described in the literature and designated as distal spinal muscular atrophy. The unique association with ophthalmologic signs can be considered either as a variant form of the disease or as a separate entity. Muscle biopsy showed selective type 2 muscle fiber hypotrophy in the biceps. A second biopsy specimen of the quadriceps showed type grouping with persistence of small type 2 fibers, suggesting that reinnervation capability is independent of neuronal trophic influence. PMID- 7271540 TI - Myopathy associated with sclerodermal facial hemiatrophy. AB - A patient who had linear scleroderma associated with ipsilateral hemiatrophy of the tongue and subsequent facial hemiatrophy was studied. Biopsy specimens of the plaque of scleroderma showed the skin changes of scleroderma as well as fascial and muscle changes. The fascia had an impressive plasma cell fasciitis with numerous plasma cells and scattered lymphohistiocytic cells. Histochemical study of the temporalis muscle underlying the plaque of circumscribed scleroderma disclosed severe localized atrophy of type 1 and type 2 fibers similar to the pathologic findings previously described in a patient with localized scleroderma. PMID- 7271542 TI - Computed tomography and EEG in cerebrovascular disease. AB - In three patients with cerebrovascular diseases, the EEG showed active dysfunction of varied extent and severity in one cerebral hemisphere, but computed tomography showed no demonstrable abnormalities in the corresponding areas. These patients had occlusion or severe stenosis of one or both internal carotid arteries, either extracranially or intracranially. Both clinical symptoms and the EEG abnormalities resolved or improved after surgical anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery to the middle cerebral artery. PMID- 7271543 TI - Monocular blindness in nasopharyngeal cancer. AB - The sudden onset of painless monocular blindness was the initial manifestation of a nasopharyngeal cancer in a 78-year-old woman. Computerized cranial tomography demonstrated encasement of the optic nerve by tumor. Examination of the nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses is important in patients with primary neuro ophthalmologic complaints. PMID- 7271545 TI - Unilateral asterixis. PMID- 7271546 TI - Internalized capillaries in hypokalemic periodic paralysis. PMID- 7271544 TI - Internalized capillaries. PMID- 7271547 TI - Partial Brown-Sequard's syndrome and meningococcal meningitis. PMID- 7271548 TI - Research in otolaryngology--head and neck surgery. PMID- 7271549 TI - Recurrent pneumococcal otitis media in the chinchilla. A longitudinal study. AB - To define the relative importance of the local and systemic immune mechanisms in otitis media, middle ear infections were induced in 47 chinchillas by unilateral intrabullar inoculation of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6A. Bacterial challenges were repeated ipsilaterally or contralaterally several times during the five month course of the study. The middle ear condition was assessed with the use of otomicroscopy, tympanometry, and direct inspection and culture through a bullar opening. Pneumococcal 6A antibodies were assayed periodically in the serum and middle ear effusions. The concentration levels of serum antibodies did not correlate with the course of otitis media, and antibiotics did not protect either the ipsilateral or contralateral ear from infection. There was a minimal number of bacteria that rendered the middle ear resistant to subsequent infection. This resistance was a local phenomenon and occurred only when the middle ear had previously been exposed to the same bacteria. PMID- 7271550 TI - Recognition and treatment of allergy in sinusitis and pharyngotonsillitis. A preliminary report. PMID- 7271551 TI - Adenocarcinoma in heterotopic salivary tissue. PMID- 7271552 TI - Ultrasonic guided aspiration of parotid abscess. PMID- 7271553 TI - Nasal glioma. AB - An 11-month-old girl had a congenital extracranial frontonasal glioma. The tumor was attached to the left membranous septum and excised by a simple ellipse and stalk dissection. The tumor is considered to arise from ectopic neuroectodermal tissue projected through the foramen cecum into the developing nasofrontal cranium and sequestered there on closure of the cranial sutures. Light microscopy demonstrated tumor tissue composed of fibrocollagenous septae separating interspersed glial cell islets and scattered hypoplastic skeletal muscle cells. Electron microscopy disclosed slender but differentiated muscle cells. No neuronal components could be identified. The heterotopic neuroglial nodules seemingly grew and differentiated by intermingling with either growing mesodermal cells or striated muscle cells or by transformation of some neuroglial elements into striated muscle cells. This extranasal glioma would best be classified as a benign congenital extranasal neuroectodermal tumor. PMID- 7271554 TI - Fibromyxoma of the pterygomaxillary fossa. PMID- 7271555 TI - Hemangiopericytoma of the tracheal wall. AB - A hemangiopericytoma occurred on the posterior tracheal wall in a 46-year-old man. A review of the pathologic findings showed that compressed groups of capillaries were lined by an intact reticulin sheath that was surrounded by spindle-shaped pericytes. The ultramicroscopic findings of small spindle cells with a surrounding basal lamina and intracellular microfilaments in the absence of neurosecretory granules are important diagnostic features. Emphasis is placed on the impossibility of differentiating benign and malignant lesions pathologically, the need for long-term clinical follow-up, and the necessity for adequate complete surgical resection of these lesions. The use of a surgical approach to the posterior side of the tracheal wall can prevent postoperative stenosis. PMID- 7271556 TI - Bacterial tracheitis. AB - Bacterial tracheitis is a recently described clinical entity characterized by high fever, stridor, and airway obstruction. Laryngoscopy shows membraneous inflammation with notable subglottic edema and copious mucopus in the trachea. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterium to be cultured. Subglottic narrowing can be seen on lateral soft-tissue roentgenograms of the neck. Bacterial tracheitis should be treated by establishing a controlled airway by endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy, rather than by usual modalities used for the treatment of croup. Bacterial tracheitis seems to be similar to croup but is more likely to be fatal. Two of the five patients described herein died. PMID- 7271557 TI - Gunshot wound to the mandible with secondary neck injuries. AB - Four consecutive patients were initially seen with witnessed, low-velocity gunshot wounds to the mandible with deflection of the bullet into the neck, causing a life-threatening situation. The mechanics of injury were similar in all four patients who were shot at close range with a moderately heavy caliber handgun and sustained comminuted fractures from the parasymphyseal area to the ascending ramus of the jaw. Severe vascular injuries were seen in three cases and lacerations of the pharynx and cervical esophagus in one. Aggressive management of these injuries is recommended, with neck exploration after endoscopy playing a major role. Management of the mandibular fracture at the time of the initial surgery is favored. However, if roentgenograms are unavailable, reduction and fixation may need to be deferred. PMID- 7271558 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma developing in an odontogenic keratocyst. Report of a case. PMID- 7271559 TI - The controversy of branchiogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7271560 TI - Cartilaginous metaplasia of soft tissues in the larynx. Case report and literature review. PMID- 7271562 TI - Tension pneumocephalus complicating the treatment of postoperative CSF otorrhea. PMID- 7271561 TI - Ossicular discontinuity with intact acoustic reflex. PMID- 7271563 TI - Central giant cell granuloma. PMID- 7271564 TI - Polypoid spindle cell carcinoma of the larynx. PMID- 7271565 TI - The frequency selectivity of the normal and pathological human cochlea. AB - Human AP tuning curves (tone on tone simultaneous and forward masking curves) were measured during transtympanic electrocochleography. For subjects with near normal thresholds, average Q10 dB values (simultaneous masking) were 2.3 at 2 kHz, 3.6 at 4 kHz, and 4.7 at 8 kHz. Patients with threshold elevations of more than 40 dB, resulting from sensorineural hearing loss of cochlear origin, had tuning curves less sharply tuned by a factor of 2-3, with Q10 dB values of 1-2 at 2 kHz and at 4 kHz, and 1-2.3 at 8 kHz. AP tuning curves and single fibre tuning curves (frequency threshold curves) were measured in normal guinea pigs; cochlear fibre tuning is sharper than AP tuning (simultaneous masking) by a factor of 1.8 (2-20 kHz). Assuming that this factor can be applied to the human cochlea, estimates of normal human cochlear fibre Q10 dB values are 4.2 at 2 kHz, 6.5 at 4 kHz, and 8.5 at 8 kHz. PMID- 7271566 TI - Cochlear responses to dynamic click patterns in the guinea pig. AB - Fast cochlear adaptation, expressed as percent inhibition of the summed action potential, is studied from the guinea pig cochlea responses to click trains, ramps, and steps in both directions. The transition time function of adaptation to constant click trains does not depend on click strength, but rather on click interval. On the background of steady state adaptation, click steps produce only transient changes of the adaptive state, opposite to step direction. Compared to constant train stimulation, adaptation is enhanced by descending click ramps, and diminished or reversed (near threshold) by ascending ramps. PMID- 7271567 TI - Biochemical studies on the embryonic development of the mammalian inner ear in organ culture. AB - Adenylate cyclase activity and phospholipid labeling were compared during embryonic development of the mouse inner ear in vivo and in vitro. Inner ears were explanted on the 16th gestational day and cultured in vitro for 3-12 days. The gestation time in vivo is 21 days. During the 1st week in vitro there is very little growth of the inner ear with regard to total protein content. In contrast, the labyrinth increases its protein content threefold during the corresponding period of time in vivo. The activity of adenylate cyclase develops parallel in vivo and in vitro until the 19th gestational day whereafter the specific activity of the enzyme in vitro surpasses that of the enzyme in vivo three- to fivefold suggesting a lack of control mechanisms in organ culture. Phospholipids are labeled by 32P in an essentially similar quantitative relationship in vivo and vitro, while some quantitative differences exist. According to the present study the usefulness of the organ culture for the investigation of inner ear development appears limited to a culture period corresponding to an age prior to birth. PMID- 7271568 TI - X-ray microanalysis of fluid spaces in the frozen cochlea. AB - The cochlea is quick-frozen and then opened while under liquid nitrogen to expose the scalae of all turns in the mid-modiolar section. Still under liquid nitrogen, the cochlea is transferred to the cold stage of a pre-vacuum chamber especially constructed for attachment to the scanning electron microscope. Under partial vacuum, it is moved to the cold stage in the high vacuum chamber of a field emission scanning electron microscope. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis demonstrates the relative levels of sodium, potassium, and chlorine in the fluid spaces of the cochlea. PMID- 7271569 TI - Scarpa's ganglion in the cat one year after labyrinthectomy. AB - One year after membraneous labyrinthectomy in three cats a quantitative analysis of neurons in Scarpa's ganglion was performed under the light microscope. Total numbers of neurons were found 30% lower than in the respective contralateral ears. Although remaining perikarya showed signs of degeneration, such as shrinkage and vacuoles the proportions of large and small neurons remained unchanged after this procedure. PMID- 7271570 TI - Combined electrophysiology and ultrastructure of acoustic trauma in the guinea pig cochlea. AB - Acoustic trauma was studied in experimental guinea pigs by combining gross auditory nerve recordings with single neurone (spiral ganglion) techniques and scanning electron-microscopy. Structural and functional changes caused by loud pure tones were assessed immediately after exposure and after varying recovery periods. PMID- 7271571 TI - Ultrastructural changes to the cochlea resulting from impulse noise. AB - Following impulse noise trauma to chinchillas, observation of plastic-embedded surface preparations of the organ of Corti showed no consistent relationship between cochlear hair cell loss and permanent hearing loss (Hamernik et al. 1980). In some animals there was a loss of hearing when hair cells were present. The cochleas from that experiment were examined with transmission electron microscopy to determine at the ultrastructural level if there was damage to the sensory cells that would explain the change in threshold sensitivity. Ultrastructural changes in cochlear hair cells include an increase in lysosomes, multivesicular bodies, vacuolization of subsurface cisternae, and proliferation of Hensen bodies. These changes are observed in all experimented animals. Alterations to the ultrastructure of the stereocilia vary from animal to animal and on the outer hair cells, the changes include loosening of the stereocilia membranes, loss of stiffness, fusion of the stereocilia and disintegration of the rootlets. These changes are observed only in animals that have a permanent threshold shift after noise trauma. PMID- 7271572 TI - Cochlear vascular histology in animals exposed to noise. AB - The regularly occurring cochlear vessels in the external wall and spiral lamina were studied in the guinea pig and chinchilla following exposure to various types and durations of noise. A soft-surface specimen technique with or without injection of a contrast medium into the vascular system was used, and the occurrence of specified vascular parameters was assessed using phase-contrast microscopy. Noise does not seem to result in any extraordinary vascular pathology, but a slight, overall decreased blood supply to the cochlea and localized changes depending on cochlear turn are suggested. PMID- 7271573 TI - Respiratory function during physical exercise in normal and obstructed noses. AB - Four healthy adults with normal nose were asked to pedal an ergometer for 3 min or more at a load of 25, 50, and 75 W/min, respectively. The same procedure was repeated on the same subjects whose nostrils were plugged. Air-flow and pressure difference between the mesopharynx and the nares, FO2 and FCO2, percutaneous-PO2 and ScO2 were recorded on a polygraph. At the start of the exercise, respiration deepened. Nasal resistance (Rn) decreased within 30 s and kept low while the exercise lasted. TcPO2 initially increased slightly for 1 min, then decreased. ScO2 also showed the same pattern, but of very slight range. At the end of the exercise Rn returned to pre-exercise level after slight rebound increase. Recovery of tcPO2 delayed for 30 s and its rebound increase lasted for more than 5 min. In case of nasal obstruction, such sequential changes of these parameters were of the same pattern as those in normal noses but were more evident. The results demonstrated that in case of moderate or severe nasal obstruction the exercise created hypoventilation despite a marked increase in the breathing activity if nasal breathing was continued. PMID- 7271574 TI - Effects of acute hypertension on the extravasation of macromolecule in the temporal bone--the possible involvement of the blood-inner ear barrier. AB - In guinea pigs the radioactivity in the vascular beds was washed out by a cardiac perfusion of saline 15 min after the injection of 50 microCi of radioiodinated human serum albumin (RISA). The brain and temporal bones were dissected and a blood sample was obtained. To examine the degree of extravasation of RISA, the extravascular radioactivity in the tissues was measured and expressed as a ratio to that of the blood. Intravenous injection of amphetamine sulfate increased the extravasation in the brain and the temporal bone of the rat but did not increase it in either tissue of the guinea pig. It was proposed that this was because amphetamine did not cause the blood pressure of the guinea pig to reach the "critical level" which would cause the opening of the blood-tissue barrier. In the rat the degrees of extravasation in both the brain and the temporal bone paralleled the maximal mean arterial pressure caused by amphetamine. It is proposed on the basis of these data that there may exist a blood-inner ear barrier and that this barrier has the same characteristics as the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 7271575 TI - Acetylcholine receptor concentration in the mimic musculature of the rat following denervation and reinnervation. AB - The facial musculature of the rat was denervated by cutting the facial nerve. Over a period of 41 days no facial movements were observed. Acetylcholine receptor concentrations, determined by [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin binding, increased sharply in the early stage of denervation (at day 10) and were still significantly higher than in the controls after 41 days. When cutting of the facial nerve was followed by immediate nerve repair (primary suture), facial movements returned on about day 16. The receptor concentrations reflected changes monitored by clinical observations. At day 10, when denervation of the facial muscles was still complete, receptor concentrations corresponded to those found in the permanently denervated muscles. At day 16 the reinnervated muscles of half the animals displayed muscle activity and had receptor concentrations identical to those found for normal (control) tissue. The other half of the animals, with no muscular activity detectable, had receptor concentrations as high as in permanently denervated tissue. After 23 days the receptor concentrations had essentially decreased to control levels and all rats had regained complete facial function. PMID- 7271576 TI - [On open nasal speech following operative procedures in the oro- and nasopharynx. A combined speech and cephalometric analysis (author's transl)]. AB - A combined speech and cephalometric analysis was performed on 60 patients with class III malocclusion to evaluate the interaction between the cranio-facial skeleton and the disorder of an open nasal speech. There was an increase of durable open nasal speech after tonsillectomy but not after adenoidectomy. This predisposition to open nasal speech in class III patients appeared to be increased by the formation of the surrounding bony structures. In dependency to the cranio-facial morphology in the vertical dimension, the configuration of the bony nasopharynx and the sagittal jaw relationship were of significant importance. The cephalometric measurements confirmed the results of the speech analysis that the position and function of the soft palate are of essential significance for the development of an open nasal speech. PMID- 7271577 TI - Ototoxicity or teratogenicity. An analysis of drug-induced effects on the early development of the mammalian otocyst. AB - The 13th gestational day inner ear (otocyst stage) is particularly vulnerable to toxic influence from the environment during its further development. Ethacrynic acid in a concentration of 1 and 10 micrograms/ml caused complete arrest in development, and this was not overcome when withdrawing the drug after in vitro exposure to ethacrynic acid during 3 days. Gentamicin exposure at 1 and 10 micrograms/ml caused dysmorphogenesis but did not inhibit cytodifferentiation which, however, often was poor. Higher concentrations of gentamicin (100 micrograms/ml) had a more generalized toxic effect not only on epithelial but also on mesenchymal tissue. PMID- 7271578 TI - Histologic architecture of submucosal connective tissues in human eustachian tube with supplemental reference to the effects of aging. AB - Serial sections of 74 human eustachian tubes from 37 autopsy cases were examined microscopically to determine the histologic architecture of submucosal connective tissues. Abundant elastic fibers ran just beneath the mucosal epithelium of the eustachian tube. Two kinds of layers of collagenous fiber were observed an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer. An "elastic fiber band" perfectly encircled the tubal lumen at the pharyngeal part of the eustachian tube. This band became less sharply defined at the osseous part. The two layers of collagenous fiber were contiguous, especially in the upper part of the tube, and ran from the pharyngeal orifice to the isthmus. Submucosal connective tissues were found to be undeveloped in fetal eustachian tubes. In children as well, elastic fibers were not fully developed, and circular banding of collagenous fibers was less marked. With advancing age, elastic fibers increased in number and became large and brittle. Both layers of collagenous fibers became thicker. The present data indicate that the submucosal connective tissues may play an important role in the elasticity of the eustachian tube itself and in the maintenance of the tubal framework. Gerontologic changes in the eustachian tube stroma have been considered pathophysiologically. PMID- 7271579 TI - Imprints of the inner sensory cell hairs on the human tectorial membrane. AB - Imprints indicating possible direct inner sensory cell hair contact with the tectorial membrane were observed in the cochlea of a 77-year-old woman under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The imprints were seen in the lower and upper basal cochlear turns but not in the apical and middle turns. The small dot of imprints numbered from a few up to l2 and were arranged in various forms rather than straight lines. Contact between the tectorial membrane and inner and outer sensory cell hairs of the humancochlea was discussed from the SEM findings found in this case. PMID- 7271580 TI - [The effect of non-coplanarity of the horizontal semicircular canals on experimental vestibular testing (author's transl)]. AB - It is generally accepted that the horizontal semicircular canals are coplanar. One hundred three elliptic tomograms of human temporal bones have been evaluated for their planar relationship. The median was 180 degrees. However, the values varied between 160 degrees and 223 degrees. Differences of more than +/- 10 degrees were found in 31% of all cases. These anatomic variations are important for experimental vestibular testing, if, e.g., vestibulo-spin al effects result in a deviation or a torsion. With rotatory testing, stimulus intensity is a function of head inclination in relation to the stimulus plane. Non-coplanarity associated with head inclination results in asymmetric stimulus strength. With thermic testing, the effective stimulus is a function of the angle between temperature gradient across the canal and gravitation. Besides deviations from the perpendicular plane, rotations within this plane, according to Brunings "Schiefoptimumstellung", additionally cause asymmetrical errors. PMID- 7271581 TI - [Lactate and pyruvate concentrations in perilymph, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid of guinea pigs]. AB - Lactate and pyruvate were studied comparatively in perilymph (PL), blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of anesthetized guinea pigs. Arterial blood pressure, heart and respiration rate (Fig. 1), and arterial blood-gas state (Table 2) were simultaneously checked in a group of the animals. The metabolites were determined enzymatically by using the fluorometric technique. The studies have shown (Table 1) that both the lactate and the pyruvate concentrations are in PL at a similar rate (about 3:1) higher than in native blood and also higher than in CSF. The metabolite values of blood, especially the lactate values, were lower when blood was taken alone, e.g., more physiological, than in the case when CSF and PL had been sampled before. The lactate/pyruvate ratios of Pl are somewhat higher than the blood ratios. The ratio of CSF was found to be lower. The high metabolite levels in PL suggest an intracochlear origin. A direct perilymphatic lactate origin could not be detected. PMID- 7271582 TI - Chronic sialadenitis of the submandibular gland. A retrospective study of 108 case. AB - The main etiologic factor in chronic sialadenitis of the submandibular gland is the salivary calculus. One hundred eight extirpated submandibular glands with the clinical diagnosis of chronic sialadenitis were histologically examined. The intensity of parenchymal destruction was related to the duration of symptoms prior to surgery. With the exception of four cases the glands showed histologically a varying degree of pathologic alterations. In almost one-third of the cases no acinar structures were found. The duration of symptoms ranged from 1 week to 55 years. No statistical evidence of correlation existed between the duration of symptoms and the degree of histological changes. PMID- 7271583 TI - Oncocytic lesions of the larynx. AB - Three cases of oncocytic lesions of the larynx diagnosed at the Section of Pathology, Dep. of Otolaryngology, Padua University from November 1974 until December 1980 are reported. The lesion is uncommon but not exceptional and occurs in elderly people. Problems connected with pathology and the clinico-therapeutic approach are dealt with. The pathogenesis of the lesion is also discussed, with particular stress on whether it is a true neoplasm or a process of metaplasia hyperplasia from the ductal epithelium in connection with senile involution of the upper respiratory tract. PMID- 7271584 TI - Damage of the basilar membrane by acoustic stimulation. AB - Sound exposures of more than 130 dB lead to typical tears in the basilar membrane in the area of maximal damage. The position, size, and number of these tears are evaluated. PMID- 7271585 TI - A psychoacoustical study on time resolution of brief intensity changes in dichotic hearing. AB - Psychoacoustical methods were used to study the phenomena involved in the detected of brief intensity changes within a noise burst. In subjects with normal hearing time intervals between 5 and 100 ms are noticed for the detection depending on the amount of intensity change. The value for a just noticeable difference varies with age and in pathological states. Possible peripheral and central processes of this sort of time resolution ability of the hearing organ are outlined. PMID- 7271586 TI - The blood vessels of the limbus spiralis. AB - The capillaries of the spiral limbus in the cochlea of the laboratory rat were investigated under light and electron microscopy. A stereological examination of the capillary volumes of specimens injected with horseradish peroxidase was performed. The volume of capillaries amounted to 2.87%, and, as such, is very high. The ultrastructure of the capillaries showed continuous endothelial cells and basal laminae, discontinuous pericytes and varying relations towards the surrounding tissue. Morphological criteria, such as microvilli and plasmalemmal vesicles, suggest a significant transendothelial transport. The causes for the abundance of vessels in the spiral limbus are discussed: the transport of oxygen to the perilymph and the need of substances for the formation of the tectorial membrane seem to be important factors. The transport processes are obviously controlled by the endothelial cells as well as by the spiral limbus cells. PMID- 7271587 TI - On the overload effect of sound impulses to the inner ear. AB - Test series with both continuous and intermittent sound exposure to guinea pig ears yielded an area within the coordinates load frequency and load level in which a dose principle is valid more or less exactly. Exceeding the upper (level) borderline of this area provokes a damage of the organ of Corti nearly independent of the load dose. Sound levels of such order of magnitude mainly occur at sound impulses. However, to estimate the hair-cell damaging effect of a given sound impulse one needs its time or frequency function in addition to the peak level. A first order approximation seems to be possible by means of a 1/3 octave band level analysis. PMID- 7271588 TI - Some new aspects on damages in the organ of Corti after pure tone exposure. AB - (1) The loss of hair cells after pure tone exposure at the critical level of intensity shows an exact correlation to the frequency, the time of sound exposure, and time of recovery as regards the quality and quantity. (2) The total extent of the damage of sensory cells has to be estimated higher than the hair cell loss as observed under the light microscope. Although an improvement of the function of the organ of Corti was determined electrophysiologically from the 5th to the 10th day of recovery, the hair-cell degeneration was progredient during this period. (3) The hair-cell damage is apically more strongly marked from the area of damage than basically. (4) Depending on the experimental conditions there are considerable degenerative alterations in the nerve fibres and in the connective apparatus of the organ of Corti besides hair-cell losses and damages. PMID- 7271589 TI - Influence of body temperature on the set-up and recovery of noise-induced cochlea damage. AB - Hypothermia during exposure to noise reduced hair-cell damage which, on the contrary, was prevented from recovering by narcosis and hypothermia. Hyperthermia is apparently able to eliminate the narcosis dependent limitation of metabolism. A noise damage happens to develop by decompensating the excessively overburdened metabolism, whereas recovery seems to depend on the availability of a highly intracellular level of biological energy. PMID- 7271590 TI - ECochG and psychoacoustic tests compared in identification of hearing loss in young children. AB - Among 149 children (median age 23 months, range 2-123 months) examined by ECochG, a comparison was made between pure-tone and ECochG thresholds in 53 patients. By using linear regression analysis a high correlation was found (correlation coefficient 0.92, p less than 0.0005) proving that ECochG gives valid estimates of the hearing thresholds, also in small children. A comparison between behavioral observation audiometry (BOA) and ECochG thresholds was performed in 62 children. It was concluded that BOA exhibits poor sensitivity in the assessment of hearing losses and underestimates their degree of severity. Furthermore, when BOA diagnoses normal hearing, there is a 9% risk of depriving a "deaf' child of suitable treatment. PMID- 7271591 TI - [Rapid derived auditory evoked potentials]. AB - Brain stem auditory-evoked responses to a 70 dB SL click masked by high-passed noises were recorded in 12 normal hearing subjects. By applying the technique of derived potentials, the contribution of one-octave-wide frequency bands are assessed. Summation of these derived potentials gives a pattern similar to the unmasked-response waveform. Waves I and III show a strong predominance of high frequency responses, whereas wave V is discernible down to low-frequency responses. PMID- 7271593 TI - Audiometric zero for air conduction. A verification and critique of international standards. AB - The international standard of audiometric zero for normal hearing by air conduction was originally given only for laboratory reference earphones. Subsequently, it has been extended to cover earphones in general audiometric use, and in other ways. A new determination is described in which these derived standards are tested by comparison with the measured thresholds of hearing of 108 subjects in the age range 18-30 years. Particular attention is paid to the otological classification of the subjects and its relation to the description of otological normality in the ISO standards. Suggestions for adjustment of the standards at certain frequencies are made. PMID- 7271594 TI - Audiological rehabilitation: management Model I. AB - Techniques used in audiological rehabilitation are developing at a rapid rate. These have not yet been brought together in a comprehensive procedural model. This paper depicts such a model of the rehabilitative process. It is broad and general and independent of setting or philosophy. It incorporates instrumental and non-instrumental components and considers sequencing and interaction of various procedures. Hearing aids are treated as only one segment of instrumental assistance. The model is a first approximation to what is considered to be a highly detailed process. It should stimulate discussion which will lead to modification as well as elaboration. PMID- 7271592 TI - Binaural interactions in the short-latency evoked potentials of neonates. AB - Short-latency evoked potentials to monaural and binaural clicks were recorded from scalp electrodes on healthy full-term neonates and on normally hearing adults. Binaural interaction (BI) was measured by summing the average monaural responses obtained from each ear (L+R) and subtracting the binaural response (B) from the monaural sum (BI=L+R-B). Consistent BI was apparent following stimulation with moderate level clicks in all cooperative infants. As in the adult, BI occurred during waves IV, V and VI, where there were systematic amplitude differences between the L+R and B waveforms. Peak latencies of the waves were not significantly affected. However, peak latencies were longer in neonates than in adults, reflecting maturational changes in the response. Similarly, peak latencies in the BI waveforms were also prolonged for the neonates. These results indicate that: (1) BI is present at or soon after birth; (2) the gross response properties of BI are similar in infants and adults; (3) BI occurs during specific waves in the response, independent of age, and (4) the assessment of BI may prove useful in estimating the functional integrity of brain stem structures in infants. PMID- 7271595 TI - The effect of pre-natal thymectomy on lymphocyte sub-populations in the sheep. AB - Ten sheep foetuses were thymectomized between 55 and 77 days gestation. The subsequent growth of the lambs was not affected for periods up to 500 days after birth. Prior to 240 days of age the thymectomized lambs were markedly lymphopenic and the response of their blood lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was significantly reduced. Peanut agglutinin-binding cells were found to be depleted in the blood of thymectomized lambs, while an unmarked 'null' cell population was virtually absent. The absolute numbers of E-rosette forming cells and sIg+ cells were similar for both groups. These findings indicated that 'null' cells in sheep may be immature thymus-dependent lymphocytes. The effect of thymectomy on blood counts, PHA responsiveness and the numbers of 'null' cells were less evident in thymectomized sheep that survived beyond 240 days. Possible differentiation pathways for sheep T-cells are discussed, together with the role played by the thymus in the maturation of T-cells. PMID- 7271596 TI - Alterations of drug metabolism in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. AB - In male rats exposed to cigarette smoke, antipyrine clearance was enhanced to the same extent as has been observed in human cigarette smokers. The activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, a representative microsomal mixed function oxidase, was increased significantly in lung and kidney of smoke-exposed rats compared with controls. The activity of this enzyme in the liver, however, was not altered by cigarette smoke. Although aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in extrahepatic tissues was significantly enhanced after cigarette smoke exposures, the total drug metabolizing capacity of these tissues remained trivial compared with that of the liver. Hence, extrahepatic drug metabolism is unlikely to account for enhanced antipyrine elimination in cigarette smokers. The present study has established an animal model for studying the changes produced by cigarette smoke which result in enhanced drug metabolism in man. PMID- 7271597 TI - Experiments with banana trunk juice as a neuromuscular blocker. AB - The juice of the banana trunk produces a non-depolarising neuromuscular block. Oxygenation of the extract enhances its potency. Reversals with anticholinesterases are transient. Partial reversals in isolated preparations indicate these could be both specific and non-specific binding which could account for blockade after washing. It could be specifically bound to ACh receptors in an irreversible way since its action appears similar to that of alpha-BuTX. PMID- 7271598 TI - Antibodies to Leishmania tropica promastigotes during infection in mice of various genotypes. AB - After intradermal injection of 10(7) promastigotes of a particular isolate of the intramacrophage protozoan parasite, Leishmania tropica, the development of disease (cutaneous lesions) is much more severe in BALB/c than in three other mouse strains, C57BL/6,C3H/He and CBA/H. Using fixed promastigotes and 125I labelled protein A in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA), titres of antibody were shown to increase up to about day 50 of infection. However, titres were not markedly different in BALB/c mice compared with the other three resistant strains, although antibody levels were highest in sera from the diseased BALB/c mice at late time points. Using isotype-specific antisera in the RIA, and sera from the day 50 time point, the isotype distribution of anti-promastigote antibodies was not noticeably different in sera from mice of the four genotypes with IgG1 and IgG2a (+/- IgG2b) antibodies predominating. It is concluded that differences in susceptibility to disease in this murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis do not correlate with any decrease or increase in any particular antibody response to the promastigote. PMID- 7271599 TI - On the choice of mice for dissection of strain variations in the development of resistance to infection with Nematospiroides dubius. PMID- 7271601 TI - A murine model for assessment of living attenuated influenza A vaccines. AB - The laboratory mouse was evaluated as a model to assess the genetic stability of influenza A mutants of potential use as living vaccine strains. The growth of three mutant recombinants, A/Hong Kong/68-ts-1E (H3N2), A/HK/123/77x-ts-1A2 (H1N1) and A2/AA/6/60-ca(H2N2) was studied in 15 g mice. Yields of ts-1E from both lungs and turbinates were ten-fold less than that of a control virus with the same surface antigens. All ts-1E isolates showed evidence of loss of ts phenotype. Ts-1A2 and ca recombinants grew to a much lower titre than those of ts 1E, and revertants were obtained from one ts-1A2 lung isolate and one ca turbinate isolate. In other studies with hamsters, the stability of the ts character of these mutants during replication in the lungs of hamsters has been shown to be correlated with their residual virulence for man (Murphy et al., 1972; Murphy et al., 1974; Richman et al., 1977). The results from the present study suggest that the laboratory mouse is at least as sensitive as the hamster as an in vitro model for the detection of ts revertants. PMID- 7271600 TI - Ovarian histology of two XO murid rodents from Australia. PMID- 7271602 TI - Some biochemical studies on the adaptation associated with xylitol ingestion in rats. AB - The mechanism of adaptation to dietary carbohydrates was investigated by examining cellular metabolism in the liver and gut lumen. The inclusion of 10% (w/w) glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, sorbitol, xylitol or arabitol in the diet of rats for 7 days had essentially no effect on the ability of liver homogenates to produce 14CO2 from labelled glucose, fructose, xylose, sorbitol or xylitol. Moreover, no major changes were observed in the activities of hepatic enzymes. In these studies, diarrhoea and caecal distension were only observed in those rats receiving dietary sugar alcohols. Rats were also fed 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% (w/w) xylitol in their diets for periods ranging from 1 to 14 days. These diets caused no significant changes in 16 of the commonly assessed blood parameters which included liver function tests. Xylitol feeding, however, caused distension, caecal gas production, decreases in the pH of caecal contents, the appearance of a fluffy layer in the centrifuged specimens of caecal contents, and diarrhoea. These changes were directly related to the concentration of xylitol in the caecal contents. After various periods, and depending on the concentration of xylitol in the diet, the rats underwent an adaptation which reduced the incidence of diarrhoea. In the short term, dietary xylitol does not affect the function of the liver or the gut wall, but causes an adaptation within the gut microflora. This adaptation leads to the increased ability of gut microflora to utilise xylitol, followed by a subsequent reduction in the caecal osmotic load and diarrhoea. PMID- 7271603 TI - The detection of arthritis in pigs in an abattoir and its public health significance. AB - The results of a study of the prevalence in each joint of arthritis in pigs as detected by meat inspectors is presented. A prevalence of arthritis in 1.07% of carcases was obtained, of which 0.28% were condemned totally and 0.79% condemned partially. With partial condemnations there was a bias to the left side in the hindquarters, and a significant bias to the hindquarter as compared with the forequarter. A consequence was that undetected arthritis lesions, especially in the forequarter and probably containing viable Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, are finding their way to the consumer. PMID- 7271604 TI - Immunotherapy of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas with phenol-saline extracts of allogenic carcinomas. AB - Forty cattle with unilateral ocular squamous cell carcinomas and 2 with bilateral carcinomas were treated with a single intramuscular injection of a phenol-saline extract of allogeneic bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. Doses of extract varied from the equivalent of 100 mg of lyophilised powder to the equivalent of 1500 mg of lyophilised powder. Thirty-three of the 44 carcinomas (78%) responded to treatment, 15 regressing completely, 9 losing at least 50% of their bulk and 9 ceasing to increase in bulk. The response was significantly better (p less than 0.05) in cattle receiving 200 mg or more of lyophilised powder than in those receiving 100 mg of powder. Some 30 of 34 carcinomas (88%) responded to treatment when 200 mg or more of lyophilised powder was used. Five cattle with ocular carcinomas that had failed to respond to the initial treatment and 8 that had responded incompletely received second doses of phenol-saline extracts of allogeneic carcinomas. One carcinoma regressed completely and 2 regressed partially. Thirty cattle with untreated ocular squamous cell carcinomas were observed for periods of from one to 9 months. All the carcinomas grew progressively. Seventeen cattle with ocular squamous cell carcinomas were treated with phenol-saline extracts of bovine cutaneous papilloma, bovine foetal skin or normal bovine cornea and conjunctiva and observed for periods of from one to 14 months. A carcinoma in an animal treated with 500 mg of powder from an extract of cutaneous papilloma did not increase in size over the next 31 weeks. The other carcinomas grew progressively. PMID- 7271605 TI - Resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics in equine strongyles. 1. Frequency, geographical distribution and relationship between occurrence, animal husbandry procedures and anthelmintic usage. AB - A survey was conducted to determine whether benzimidazole resistant populations of equine strongyles are present in New South Wales and north central Victoria; what is their frequency and geographical distribution; which species are involved; and whether different methods of parasite control could be related to the occurrence and frequency of anthelmintic resistant populations. Resistant populations of strongyles were found over wide areas of New South Wales and in north central Victoria. There was no relationship between geographical location and the occurrence of benzimidazole resistance. The species involved were small strongyles of the sub-family Cyathostominae. There was a direct correlation between the occurrence of resistance (including the level at which it is present) and the frequency of use of benzimidazole anthelmintics. Examination of management practices showed that resistance is not an important problem on farms where different chemical classes of anthelmintics were used in a slow rotation programme; combination anthelmintic therapy (for example, benzimidazole/piperazine/organophosphates) was used and anthelmintic treatment was given at intervals of not less than 16 weeks. Tentative suggestions are made for the control of small strongyles in the light of an emerging resistance problem. PMID- 7271607 TI - The Kangaroo Island strain of pig in biomedical research. AB - The feral pig from Kangaroo Island, South Australia, has descended from British breeds released onto the Island by early explorers approximately 180 years ago. It has developed into a smaller pig than the modern commercial equivalent, with distinctive and reproducible physical characteristics and a physiology which appears to bestow on it some advantages in terms of fitness and vigour. It has adapted easily to laboratory and intensive piggery conditions where it has reproduced satisfactorily. It has a higher erythrocyte count and PCV than the equivalent Large White and a lower white blood cell count. Plasma Na, K and glucose were significantly higher and HCO3 urea and creatinine lower in the Kangaroo Island strain. It represents a useful strain of pig for biomedical research, approaching in size the miniature pigs used overseas. A useful approach to routine bleeding of pigs is described. PMID- 7271608 TI - Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis in a dog. PMID- 7271606 TI - Resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics in equine strongyles. 2. Evidence of side-resistance, and susceptibility of benzimidazole-resistant strongyles to non benzimidazole compounds. AB - The susceptibility of a known thiabendazole-resistant population of small strongyles to anthelmintics of both benzimidazole and non-benzimidazole groups, was determined. In the first study, 42 horses infected with thiabendazole resistant small strongyles were allocated to 6 groups. Treatment groups received one of the following anthelmintics: mebendazole, febantel, febantel plus trichlorphon, morantel tartrate, or a combination of thiabendazole, piperazine and trichlorphon. Morantel tartrate and the thiabendazole/piperazine/trichlorphon combination produced highly significant (p less than 0.001) reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment. Mebendazole, febantel and febantel plus trichlorphon failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly. Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, small strongyles of the sub-family Cyathostominae were involved. Eighteen horses from groups in which treatment had failed were re-allocated to 3 groups. Treatment with either morantel tartrate or haloxon was highly efficient in reducing faecal strongyle egg counts. In the final study, fifty-four horses, infected with benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles were allocated to 10 groups. On day zero, each treatment group received one of the following anthelmintics: thiabendazole, cambendazole, mebendazole, oxibendazole, piperazine, thiabendazole/piperazine, cambendazole/piperazine, mebendazole/piperazine or oxibendazole/piperazine. Oxibendazole, piperazine and the benzimidazole/piperazine combinations produced highly significant reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment (p less than 0.001). When administered alone, benzimidazole anthelmintics failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly, with the exception of oxibendazole. Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, the species involved were small strongyles of subfamily Cyathostominae. There was no significant increase in benzimidazole resistance level (based on in vitro assay) as a result of drug treatment, over one generation. PMID- 7271609 TI - A neurologic disease of horses in New Caledonia. PMID- 7271610 TI - Persistent infection of cell cultures with an Australian strain of Newcastle disease virus. PMID- 7271611 TI - Examination of Diplodia maydis infected maize for toxicity to chickens and cattle. PMID- 7271612 TI - The growth of certain Australian arboviruses in chicken embryos and one-day-old chicks. PMID- 7271613 TI - Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi: a possible cause of reactions to the complement fixation test for Johne's disease of cattle. PMID- 7271614 TI - Cryptococcosis in a dog. PMID- 7271615 TI - Milk retention in chronically stressed dairy cows. PMID- 7271616 TI - Carotid occlusion--a hair's breadth away. PMID- 7271617 TI - Endobronchial lipoma. PMID- 7271618 TI - Gastric emphysema due to carcinoma. PMID- 7271619 TI - Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia and colo-rectal carcinoma. PMID- 7271620 TI - The ultrasonic demonstration of colonic carcinoma. PMID- 7271621 TI - Cholangiographic morphology as a guide to the demonstration of the bile duct by ultrasound. PMID- 7271623 TI - Diagnosis of cholelithiasis: comparison between oral cholecystography and ultrasonography. PMID- 7271622 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of obstructive jaundice. PMID- 7271624 TI - Diagnosis of renal mass lesions. PMID- 7271625 TI - Ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7271626 TI - Unclassified demineralising bone disease in an 8 years old girl (report of a case). PMID- 7271627 TI - Spondylo-costal dysplasia--severe and moderate types (report of 8 cases). PMID- 7271629 TI - Progression of lumbosacral spondylolisthesis. PMID- 7271628 TI - Occipital lobe infarction following descending trans-tentorial brain herniation. PMID- 7271630 TI - Biarticular pigmented villonodular synovitis--a case report of both the nodular and the diffuse form in the same patient. PMID- 7271631 TI - Cartilage atrophy following spinal cord damage. PMID- 7271632 TI - Aerosol transmission of Pasteurella multocida in turkeys. AB - In three incidents, uninoculated turkeys separated from Pasteurella multocida inoculated turkeys died of fowl cholera; it was inferred that the pathogen was transmitted by aerosol through the circulating air. Uninoculated and inoculated turkeys were separated by a solid partition and wire netting, and were handled separately. Turkeys were inoculated with a highly virulent strain of P. multocida, which induced the pulmonary form of fowl cholera. In four of the five uninoculated turkeys that died, pneumonia was the principal lesion. In two of these turkeys, which were bled one day before death while still alert, the plasma corticosterone concentration had increased markedly. PMID- 7271633 TI - RNA oligonucleotide fingerprinting: a proposed method of identifying strains of Newcastle disease virus. PMID- 7271634 TI - Necrotizing cutaneous rhodotorulosis in chickens in Uganda. PMID- 7271635 TI - Epizootic of coccidiosis in free-flying lesser scaup. AB - A coccidiosis epizootic has occurred in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) at Bluestem Reservoir in eastern Nebraska during the spring in each of three recent years: 1976-1978. Losses peaked during the period from mid-March through April. As much as 29% of the peak population of scaup using the reservoir died. Necropsies of 72 of the nearly 1390 scaup that died revealed destruction and sloughing of the intestinal mucosa and associated hemorrhaging. Fibrinonecrotic cores were frequently found in the intestinal lumens. Scrapings from the intestinal mucosal contained massive numbers of oocysts of the coccidian Eimeria aythyae. This is the first report of recurrent epizootics of coccidiosis in freeflying waterfowl. PMID- 7271636 TI - Monensin toxicity in chickens. PMID- 7271637 TI - Deep pectoral myopathy in seven-week-old broiler chickens. PMID- 7271638 TI - Decreased egg production in a turkey breeder flock associated with Newcastle disease virus. PMID- 7271639 TI - Accidental penetration of hands with virulent and avirulent Pasteurella multocida of turkey origin. PMID- 7271640 TI - Effects of high and low environmental temperatures on clinical course of fowl cholera in turkeys. AB - Turkeys inoculated with Pasteurella multocida either in the palatine air spaces or via drinking water were maintained t high (33.4-37.4 C), low (2.6-5.3 C), and moderate (19.8-22.4 C) temperatures in temperature-controlled chambers to determine the influence environmental temperature had on the pathogenesis of fowl cholera. In inoculated turkeys maintained at high temperatures, there was a delay in the onset of depression and, in most instances, in mortality in relation to those at low or moderate temperatures. In turkeys inoculated via drinking water and maintained at low temperatures, there was a higher mortality than in those at high or moderate temperatures. In turkeys maintained at low temperatures during the preinoculation period, the onset of depression was accelerated more after inoculation than in those maintained at moderate temperatures before inoculation. The percentage of leukocytes in the hematocrit was higher in turkeys inoculated int he palatine air spaces and maintained at low temperatures than in turkeys similarly inoculated but maintained at high or moderate temperatures. Cloacal temperatures were higher in all inoculated turkeys maintained at high temperatures than in those at low or moderate temperatures, and decreased markedly when turkeys became moribund. In turkeys inoculated in the palatine air spaces, deaths from pneumonia occurred more frequently at low temperatures and torticollis occurred more frequently at high temperatures than at the other temperatures. PMID- 7271642 TI - Influence of Pasteurella multocida and high and low environmental temperatures on adrenals and bursa of Fabricius in turkeys. AB - The morphologic changes in the adrenals and bursa of Fabricius were evaluated from turkeys inoculated with Pasteurella multocida either in the palatine air spaces or via drinking water and maintained at high (33.4-37.4 C), low (2.6-5.3 C), and moderate (19.8-22.4 C) temperatures in temperature-controlled chambers. There was a slight hyperplasia of the adrenal cortical cells and a hypertrophy of the nuclei in the uninoculated turkeys maintained at both high and low temperatures, but these changes were more marked in turkeys maintained at low temperatures. Regardless of the temperature to which the turkeys were exposed, there was an increase in adrenal weight, hyperplasia of the cortical cells, hypertrophy of the nuclei of the cortical cells, and depletion of lipid in the cortical cells in the turkeys that became depressed after inoculation with P. multocida. In the uninoculated turkeys exposed to high temperatures there was a reduction in the weight of the bursa of Fabricius, atrophy of the follicles, and a reduction in the number of lymphocytes within the follicle, which did not occur in the bursae from uninoculated turkeys maintained at low temperatures. In the turkeys inoculated with P. multocida, there was a marked reduction in bursal weight, atrophy of the follicles, and reduction in the number of lymphocytes within the follicles. PMID- 7271641 TI - Plasma corticosterone concentrations in turkeys inoculated with Pasteurella multocida and maintained at high and low environmental temperatures. AB - Radioimmunoassay was used to determine plasma corticosterone concentration (PCC) in turkeys inoculated with Pasteurella multocida via either the palatine air spaces or the drinking water and maintained at high (33.4-37.4 C), low (2.6-5.3 C) and moderate )19.8-22.4 C) temperatures in temperature-controlled chambers. In uninoculated turkeys maintained at high temperatures, the PCC was generally lower than in turkeys maintained at moderate temperatures, whereas the opposite occurred in turkeys maintained at low temperatures. After inoculation with P. multocida, all groups of inoculated turkeys showed an increase in the average PCC, which attained a level in some turkeys of over 40 ng/ml, in relation to the average in the uninoculated turkeys, which ranged from 1.8 to 27.3 ng/ml. This increase was proportional to the severity of the infection that developed. The PCC was found to be a sensitive indicator of an incubating infection of P. multocida, since it was markedly increased in turkeys that were bled one day before the onset of depression. In turkeys that were inoculated via the palatine air spaces and maintained at 20 C, the PCC on the day of inoculation was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the turkeys that later died than in those that survived. Generally, the PCC was higher in the turkeys that either died between 5 and 10 days after inoculation or were depressed aa the end of the experiment on day 10, relative to the turkeys that were alert at the end of the experiment. PMID- 7271643 TI - Evaluation of a vaccine against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in commercial broilers. AB - The efficacy of live Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccine against respiratory mycoplasmosis was studied in three laboratory trials with commercial broilers. Broiler chickens were infected with the F or R strain of MG by eyedrop at 1 day of age, and challenged by aerosol exposure to the R strain of MG along with eyedrop vaccination against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis at 30 or 34 days of age. Observations were made of macroscopic lesions, severity of airsacculitis, isolations of MG, serologic test results, clinical signs, and mortality. In all the vaccinated groups, the air-sac-lesion score was lower after challenge than in unvaccinated control chickens. After challenge the control group also had a higher number of MG isolations from the air sac than did the vaccinated chickens. There were no air-sac lesions observed in broilers before challenge in 2 of 3 trials. PMID- 7271644 TI - Effect of social stress on Newcastle disease virus (LaSota) infection. AB - Individual immature chickens were socially stressed when placed into an established group of chickens. The stress response was determined by periodic measurement of plasma cortisol and by determination of the relative regression of the bursa of Fabricius. Stressed chickens had elevated cortisol levels during the first 24 hours following the initiation of social stress. The bursa-to-body weight ratios of stressed birds at 96 hours following stress were significantly lower than the ratios in control birds, and their tuberculin reaction was significantly depressed. Newcastle disease virus was more invasive and attained higher titers in stressed birds. The hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) response of the stressed birds was higher in one trial and lower in another. PMID- 7271645 TI - Relationship between two serotypes of avian mycoplasmas by serological and DNA DNA hybridization tests. AB - Genetic relatedness among eight strains of avian mycoplasmas representing two serotypes, C-O and D-P, was determined using DNA-DNA hybridization tests. One strain from each serotype was found to be misclassified. The average percent homology between the two serotypes was 34.1% at 56 C and 18.6% at 66 C. The average homology among the four C-O organisms was 99.6% at 56 C and 93.5% at 66 C, while among the four D-P strains the average homology was 91.6% at 56 C and 92.2% at 66 C. These relationships correlated with antigenic cross-reactions observed in complement fixation (CF) and fluorescent antibody (FA) tests. Thermal denaturation of the pure DNA from each strain resulted in base compositions of 25.0 to 28.2 moles percent guanosine plus cytosine (GC). Thermal denaturation of selected hybrid DNA revealed a linear relationship between percent homology and delta melting temperature (1 C delta Tm for 15% difference in percent homology). Thirty-four percent homology between the organisms of C-O and D-P serotypes indicates a minor antigenic relationship; thus, it is recommended that these two serotypes be retained as separate groups. PMID- 7271646 TI - A morphometric study of myocardial mitochondria and myofibrils in turkey poults during development of furazolidone-induced cardiomyopathy. AB - Furazolidone (FZ) at a dose of 700 ppm was fed to turkey poults 2-5 weeks posthatching. At 3, 4, and 5 weeks of age, six poults each were sacrificed from control and FZ-fed groups. Samples of tissue from the outer free walls of the ventricles and the interventricular septum were removed and processed for electron microscopy. Volumetric density of mitochondria and myofibrils was determined by the point-counting technique. Significant reductions (p less than or equal to .05) in the volumetric density of mitochondria were observed at 5 weeks of age in the ventricular free walls of round-heart poults, and at 4 and 5 weeks of age in the interventricular septum. Significant reductions (p less than or equal to .05) in the volumetric density of myofibrils were noted at 4 weeks of age in the left ventricular free wall of FZ-fed normal poults and in the interventricular septum of round-heart poults. At 5 weeks of age, a significant increase (p less than or equal to .05) in myofibrils was observed in the left ventricular free wall of FZ-fed normal poults. Data confirms that the volumetric densities of mitochondria and myofibrils are significantly altered during development of FZ-induced hypertrophy. PMID- 7271648 TI - Pathogenicity of strains of the IJKNQR group of avian mycoplasmas for turkey embryos and poults. AB - Strains of mycoplasmas isolated from turkey embryos and identified as belonging to the IJKNQR group of avian mycoplasmas were found to produce lethal infections in experimentally exposed turkey embryos. Some strains produced exudative airsacculitis in experimentally exposed poults. Of 4 strains used to inoculate poults, two produced moderate airsacculitis, one produced a slight airsacculitis, and one had little or no effect on turkey poult air sacs. Microscopic examination revealed that the air-sac lesions resulting from infection with these mycoplasmas were similar to those resulting from infections with Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M. meleagridis, and M. synoviae. The results were considered to indicate that some strains of the IJKNQR group of avian mycoplasmas are pathogenic for turkeys. PMID- 7271647 TI - The production of cardiomyopathy in turkey poults by the oral administration of furazolidone. AB - Furazolidone (FZ) was given to turkey poults two weeks post-hatching by stomach tube in doses of 60 and 80 mg/kg per day, and via the feed at a concentration of 700 ppm. Oral doses were given either as one dose at 8 a.m. or as two equal doses given at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. Electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings were used to monitor the development of round-heart disease (RHD) and necropsies were performed on all poults to corroborate the ECG findings. All poults receiving FZ gained significantly less weight (p less than or equal to .05) than control poults. At oral doses of 80 mg/kg per day, the apparent acute toxicity of FZ resulted in high mortality during the first week of the experiment. At necropsy there were no signs of RHD in these poults. Most of the poults given FZ orally in doses of 60 mg/kg per day or at 700 ppm in the feed survived to the termination of the experiments. The majority of these poults showed ECG patterns that are typical of RHD. Myocardial lesions indicative of RHD were present at necropsy. PMID- 7271649 TI - Turkey airsacculitis: effect of mixed mycoplasmal infections. AB - Turkeys experimentally infected with both Mycoplasma meleagridis and a member of the IJKNQR group of avian mycoplasmas developed more-severe air-sac lesions than did turkeys infected with either of these organisms alone. In addition, exudative air-sac lesions were more widely distributed anatomically in turkeys with mixed infections than in those with single infections. Similar studies with Mycoplasma synoviae and M. meleagridis did not indicate a significant increase in the severity of air-sac lesions. Both M. synoviae alone and M. synoviae and M. meleagridis combined produced severe lesions. Perhaps the severity of lesions produced by M. synoviae alone masked any exacerbating effect caused by the mixed infections. PMID- 7271650 TI - Mast cells in the pigeon olfactory bulb. PMID- 7271651 TI - Decreased hatchability of turkeys eggs caused by experimental infection with Mycoplasma meleagridis. AB - Turkey eggs experimentally infected with Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM) showed a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in production of first-quality poults of approximately 20% when compared with uninoculated controls and a placebo group of eggs. Embryo mortality was highest between the time the eggs were transferred from incubator to hatcher (25 days of incubation) and the time the embryos hatched. Risk of embryo mortality associated with infection in this late incubation period for the MM-infected embryo was more than double the risk for uninfected embryos. The number of dead-in-shell and pipped embryos was almost 10% higher than the number found in either control or placebo groups. There appeared to be a stress due to the inoculation of both the placebo and the organism, increasing embryo mortality between 9 and 24 days of incubation. However, this effect was not evident after transfer. Total economic loss associated with decreased hatchability caused by MM and the cost of a control program were estimated to be $9.4 million per year in the United States. PMID- 7271652 TI - Velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease in Puerto Rico. PMID- 7271653 TI - Arterial lesions in restricted-ovulator chickens with endogenous hyperlipidemia. PMID- 7271654 TI - A viral disease of fledgling budgerigars. AB - Fledgling budgerigars from aviaries in Georgia and Texas were reported to have high rates of mortality. Affected birds died acutely and exhibited abdominal distention and reddening of the skin. Postmortem lesions were hydropericardium, enlarged heart and liver with areas of necrosis, and swollen, congested kidneys. Histologic examination of a variety of tissues revealed cells with enlarged nuclei containing inclusions. Electron micrographs revealed the presence of viral particles 42 to 49 nm in diameter in the nuclei of epithelial cells of the renal tubule. PMID- 7271656 TI - Occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae in feces of granivorous passeriform birds. PMID- 7271655 TI - Naturally occurring and experimentally induced castor bean (Ricinus communis) poisoning in ducks. AB - Castor bean (Ricinus communis) poisoning accounted for the death of several thousand ducks in the Texas panhandle in the fall and winter months of 1969-1971. Signs of intoxication resembled those of botulism, except for mucoid, blood tinged excreta. The most common lesions were severe fatty change in the liver, widely distributed internal petechial hemorrhages or ecchymoses, and catarrhal enteritis. Nearly intact castor beans were found in the stomach of one duck during field necropsy. Fragments of seed coat resembling castor bean were found in the stomachs of 10 of 14 ducks examined in the laboratory. Clinical signs and postmortem lesions observed in wild ducks were induced experimentally in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) by force-feeding intact castor beans. Toxicity titrations were erratic, but the LD50 appeared to be between three and four seeds. The mouse toxicity test, used to detect Clostridium botulinum toxin in the blood serum of intoxicated ducks, was negative in every case. Hemagglutination and precipitin tests generally failed to detect castor bean in extracts of excreta or intestinal contents of experimentally intoxicated ducks. PMID- 7271657 TI - A non-O1 Vibrio cholerae isolated from a goose. PMID- 7271660 TI - Increased cell culture incubation temperatures for duck plague virus isolation. PMID- 7271658 TI - Encephalomalacia in a flock of broiler breeder hens. PMID- 7271659 TI - Cyclophosphamide-induced induced immunosuppression demonstrated in Pasteurella multocida-vaccinated chickens. PMID- 7271661 TI - Suppression of inherent virulence for chickens of a newcastle disease strain by a shift within its subpopulations. PMID- 7271662 TI - Biological activities of crude polysaccharide extracted from two different immunotype strains of Hemophilus gallinarum in chickens. AB - Biological activities in chickens of crude polysaccharide extracted from two different immunotype strains of Hemophilus gallinarum (HG), strain 221 and S1, were studied to clarify a type-specific protecting antigen and a toxin. Crude polysaccharide materials extracted from strains 221 and S1 were not only protective but toxic to chickens. They also contained at least two heat-labile antigens. When the polysaccharide materials were subjected to gel filtration on Sepharose 6B by tracing at 280 and 490 nm, the protective and toxic activities could be fractionated as peak-1 and -2 polysaccharides, respectively. The fraction of peak-1 polysaccharides from strains 221 and S1 was eluted at void volume. Cross-protection was not found between strains 221 and S1 in the fraction of peak-1 polysaccharide. Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody to type 1 hemagglutinin of HG (trypsin-sensitive hemagglutinin) was detected in chickens immunized with this fraction from strain 221 but not with that from strain S1. Type specificity between both strains was also found in this fraction by agar-gel precipitation (AGP) test. On the other hand, the toxic fraction of peak-2 polysaccharide, which caused hydropericardium in chickens, had a lower molecular weight than did that of peak-1 polysaccharide. It did not give HI antibody in chickens. Common antigenicity between strains 221 and S1 was found in the peak-2 polysaccharide by AGP test. PMID- 7271663 TI - Studies on the use of 9R strain of Salmonella gallinarum as a vaccine in chickens. AB - The 9R strain of Salmonella gallinarum produced hepatitis and splenic lesions without mortality in meat-type and brown-egg-producing strains of chicks, but not in Leghorns. It was not recovered from Leghorns for as long following vaccination as from the other strains of chicks. The infectivity of the 9R strain was determined by the genetic susceptibility and age of the host. Subcutaneous vaccination of 9R produced partial immunity to S. gallinarum in Leghorns as well as in meat-type and brown-egg-producing strains of chickens. Addition of an oil adjuvant appeared to interfere with protection and gave even less protection than did a vaccine prepared from an inactivated oil-adjuvanted smooth strain. Use of the 9R vaccine did not protect against intestinal colonization by S. typhimurium or S. infantis. Potential egg transmission of 9R following vaccination and of a pathogenic strain following challenge of vaccinated birds was indicated by ovarian infection with each strain and by isolation of the pathogenic strain from one egg. All chickens vaccinated subcutaneously with the 9R strain developed antibodies detectable by the microantiglobulin test, but only a few birds developed antibody levels detected by the whole-blood, microagglutination, and tube tests. The inactivated vaccine prepared from a smooth S. gallinarum strain produced the highest and most uniform antibody response. Antibody levels were not related to protection, which is probably dependent on cellular immunity. PMID- 7271664 TI - The influence of native gut microflora on the colonization and infection of Salmonella gallinarum in chickens. AB - A native intestinal microflora of chickens that is protective against paratyphoid salmonellae appeared to be partially protective against Salmonella gallinarum and abbreviated the excretion time of S. gallinarum in White Leghorn chicks. Treated birds had a lower incidence of systemic infection measured by liver and spleen culture, and fewer birds developed infection in the intestinal tract. Most of the chickens positive by cloacal swabs excreted S. gallinarum throughout the test period. The low level of protection provided by competitive exclusion suggested that the practice would not prove useful in the practical control of fowl typhoid. PMID- 7271665 TI - Histopathological and biochemical effects of feeding excess dietary methionine to broiler chicks. AB - Three experiments were conducted to determine the histological and biochemical effects of toxic levels of dietary DL-methionine on broiler chicks fed an isolated soy-protein/cornstarch-purified diet containing 20% protein, 0.59% methionine, and 3,304 kilocalories of metabolizable energy per kilogram. An appropriate level of supplementary DL-methionine to use in toxicity studies was found to be 1.5%. It significantly depressed (P less than 0.01) gain in body weight, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration, increased (P less than 0.05) the level of iron in liver and spleen, caused pancreatic damage, and induced neurological changes. Unlike the retarded growth and increased iron levels in spleen and liver, the fall in hematocrit and hemoglobin values was independent of the reduction in feed intake caused by excess dietary methionine. PMID- 7271666 TI - Field vaccination trials against turkey coryza using a temperature-sensitive mutant of Alcaligenes faecalis. AB - In field trials, 14 flocks of turkeys were vaccinated against coryza (rhinotracheitis) with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Alcaligenes faecalis via drinking water. Vaccine doses of 5 to 250 million bacteria per turkey were used. Turkeys ranged in age from 2.5 to 13 weeks. Doses of 5 to 7 million bacteria did not induce complete protection. Doses of 50 million bacteria or more appeared to induce substantial immunity in most flocks. Six-week-old birds receiving doses of 90 million bacteria developed a high degree of protection against challenge with virulent A. faecalis. PMID- 7271667 TI - Perception of runway image shape and approach angle magnitude by pilots in simulated night landing approaches. AB - One cue for visual judgments of glidepath angle has been referred to as form ratio. Form ratio is defined as the ratio of vertical height of the runway to width of the far end in the runway retinal image. The ability of pilots to judge form ratios was compared with the ability to judge approach angles in the nighttime "black hole" situation in two experiments. Responses in both static and dynamic simulated approach conditions indicated a general tendency to overestimate form ratios and approach angles less than 3 degrees. Intersubject and intrasubject variability of form ratio and approach angle responses were comparable. These findings (i) do not support the utility of form ratio judgments as an aid in selecting approach angle, (ii) add to the empirical evidence of visual illusions and the danger of reliance on visual information for judgment of approach angle in the nighttime "black hole" situation where only runway light are visible, and (iii) point to variability in perception of approach angle as an important part of the problem. PMID- 7271668 TI - Hemodynamic changes during whole body surface cooling and lower body negative pressure. AB - Six young healthy male subjects were studied to evaluate the use of whole body surface cooling (WBSC) as an antiorthostatic intervention. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated the perfusion of an Apollo cooling garment with 16 degrees C water produced a significant increase in stroke volume and decrease in heart rate at rest and during lower body negative pressure (LBNP). However, optimal perfusion temperatures have not been determined. The present study examined the effects of WBSC using perfusion of water at a temperature of 10 degrees C. This perfusion temperature produced a greater decrease in mean skin temperature (Tsk) than water at 16 degrees C, -4 degrees C drop compared to -2 degrees C respectively. The hemodynamic effects were also more prominent with 10 degrees C water as shown by the increase in stroke volume of 11% at rest and of 35% during LBNP at -50 torr compared to control measurements at ambient temperature. Heart rates were lowered significantly (8 beats/min) and systolic arterial blood pressure was higher (8 torr). Cooling with 10 degrees C water produced a slight increase in muscle tone, reflected by a small but significant increase (+84 ml/min) in oxygen uptake. These data suggest that WBSC is an effective nonpharmacologic means of controlling preload and deserves further investigation as an antiorthostatic intervention. PMID- 7271669 TI - A noninvasive technique for monitoring blood urea in humans during hyperbaric exposure. AB - A significant increase was found in parotid gland urea excretion in nine U.S. Navy divers during 8 d of air saturation hyperbaric exposure. The parotid urea levels correlated positively and reflected changes in blood concentrations. Considering the simplicity and ease of parotid sampling, it is suggested that this method be used for monitoring blood urea levels in humans during hyperbaric exposure. PMID- 7271670 TI - Influence of respiration on stroke volume determined by impedance cardiography. AB - The conventional method of calculating stroke volume (SV) with impedance has been to measure changes in thoracic impedance for only those beats of the impedance cardiogram (IC) which cross on a specific baseline. This severely limits the number of usable beats since respiration produces oscillation of the IC around this baseline. This study investigated the influence of respiration on SV calculated independent of the baseline in seven women, 20-44 years old, in each of three postures: seated, supine, and standing. SV was determined in three continuous respiratory cycles from the following beats: 1. all; 2. all inspiratory (I); 3. I on baseline; 4. all expiratory (E); 5. E on baseline; 6. all end-E; 7. end-E on baseline (conventional). The absolute values for SV, heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (Q) were posture dependent. SVs did not differ among the respiratory phases in the standing and seated postures; in the supine posture, the smallest SV occurred at end-E on baseline. HR varied with respiration in both the standing and seated postures but not in the supine posture. Despite significant changes in HR in the seated and standing postures, Qs did not differ among the respiratory phases. Supine Qs were significantly smaller during end-E due primarily to a small SV. Consequently, when reporting Q values for supine subjects, it is important to designate the respiratory phase and baseline criteria. Our results indicate that SVs calculated independent of the baseline in general agree with the more conventional method of calculation. Therefore, we recommend the calculation of SV independent of the baseline. The reliability of the data will be increased by increasing the number of observations and SVs can be determined under circumstances where it is difficult to obtain end-E beats on the baseline. PMID- 7271671 TI - Identifying borderline hypertensives: comparative value of various blood pressure measurements. AB - Ambulant male military aircrew patients (n = 299) were divided into two groups based on historic evidence of normotension (N) or of untreated borderline essential hypertension (BH). All patients had their blood pressure (BP) measured under various conditions and body positions. Results were analyzed to assess the capability of each BP measurement condition to assign patients correctly to their appropriate group. Clinical BP (physician-recorded with patient seated) and orthostatic stand BP (technician-recorded) showed best sensitivity and acceptable specificity. By incorporating the results of both these measurement conditions, a predictor approximating 90% for most BH and N patients was obtained. Use of these two measurements should enable recognition of most BH patients at a single evaluation. PMID- 7271673 TI - A comparison of three liquid-ventilation cooling garments during treadmill exercise. AB - Tests were performed on five male subjects to compare the heat transfer performance and physiological effects of three different cooling garments when used under a sealed, impermeable garment which simulated a space suit. The mean exercise metabolic rate while walking at 0.9 m/s (2 mph) was 464 +/- 33 W. An equilibrium condition was never reached during the uncooled suited control runs and the subjects lost a mean of 1.12 +/- 0.15 kg (2.5 +/- 0.3 lb)--approximately 2% of body weight--during exercise. The mean weight loss was 0.35 +/- 0.10 kg (0.8 +/- 0.2 lb) with an Apollo-type garment; 0.26 +/- 0.11 kg (0.57 +/- 0.24 lb) with the full-body cooling patch (garment 2); and 0.52 +/- 0.12 kg (1.15 +/- 0.26 lb) with the partial-coverage cooling patch (garment 3). Impedance plethysmography data showed an increase in leg blood flow when the working muscles were not cooled by liquid flow (garment 3), and the arm blood flow remained unchanged whether or not there was liquid cooling to the arms. PMID- 7271674 TI - The military aviator with renal stone disease. AB - Regulations currently in force governing the flight status of military aviators with urinary calculus disease are more restrictive than necessary and result in a substantial loss of aviation manpower. Those regulations and policies currently in force are reviewed, and more liberal guidelines, designed to provide for the safe return to useful flight status of aviation personnel with renal stone episodes, are proposed. PMID- 7271675 TI - Decompression sickness. PMID- 7271672 TI - Radiation and G tolerance in rats. AB - Male hooded rats were exposed to 2100 rad 60Co radiation and 18 h later were exposed to +Gz acceleration until heart rate was reduced to 50% of baseline rate. G tolerance was 9.2% less in irradiated rats than in controls. Although small, this difference was significant at p less than 0.05. A similar group of rats was anesthetized 18 h postirradiation and carotid mean arterial pressures were measured. Mean arterial pressure was 122.1 torr for controls and 114.5 for irradiated. This difference was not significant. PMID- 7271676 TI - President's page. PMID- 7271677 TI - Estimating genetic correlations from inbred strains. AB - Genetic correlations measure the extent of pleiotropic effects of polygenes on pairs of characters or the closeness of linkage between sets of loci influencing the traits and held in allelic (gametic) disequilibrium. Their importance for research lies primarily in predicting correlated responses of one trait to selection based on values for another, and secondarily in analyzing the complex organization of biological systems. Genetic correlations appear to limit the rate and set the direction of multivariate evolution. In view of this, efficient methods for estimating genetic correlations may be essential for understanding the role of behavior in adaptation and for predicting behavioral change in evolution. In this paper we present methods for the estimation of genetic correlations from inbred strain comparisons. Estimates from inbred strains are relatively easy to obtain and appear to be valid when compared to those derived from more demanding parent-offspring comparisons and to correlated responses to selection. PMID- 7271678 TI - Sexual isolation among isofemale strains within a population of Drosophila immigrans. AB - Eight isofemale strains of the cosmopolitan species Drosophila immigrans derived from single location in Melbourne, Australia, were crossed in all combinations to test for sexual isolation. Statistically significant sexual isolation occurred in 12 of 28 crosses, with one strain showing significant isolation from the other seven. There were significantly unequal male mating propensities (relative rates of mating) in 7 of the 28 crosses. PMID- 7271679 TI - Bidirectional selection for open-field activity in young chicks. AB - A selection program for open-field activity in 2-day-old chicks was performed over eight generations. All characters measured responded to selection, and for most of them the response was symmetric in the two strains. After eight generations of selection the distribution of latencies and of measures of activity overlapped only slightly. The two exceptions were the latency to move and the percentage of birds which defecated. From an evolutionary point of view the symmetry of the two lines, the relatively high heritabilities, and the absence of heterotic effects on these characters show that open-field behavior has been subjected to a stabilizing natural selection rather than a directional one. This conclusion agrees with observations on open-field behavior in this and other species. PMID- 7271680 TI - Anomalous sex-related inheritance of oviposition rate in Callosobruchus maculatus fab. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). AB - As a result of different feeding regimens, two laboratory populations of the beetle Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. developed different rates of oviposition. The behavior of the F1 hybrids cannot be explained with an additive model of inheritance. The unusual pattern of inheritance suggests a sex-related factor(s) and a two-factor interaction. PMID- 7271681 TI - Interaction of genotype and fostering in the development of behavior of DBA and C57 mice. AB - Effects of fostering on behavior were studied in DBA/1Bg and C57BL/10Bg mice. Two day-old pups were either infostered to mothers of their own strain, crossfostered to mothers of the other strain, or left as controls with their own mothers. Body weight, latency of emergence into an open field, open-field activity, defecation in an open field, spontaneous alternation, passive avoidance learning, and active escape learning were measured when the mice were 22 and 43 days old. Strain differences were observed for each trait except for spontaneous alternation. Fostering per se affected open-field activity and active escape learning. Similar effects of fostering per se on aggressive behavior have been reported by others. These may involve a role of ovarian cytoplasm, X-chromosomal genes, or uterine environment. PMID- 7271683 TI - Inheritance of discrimination learning ability and retention in BA and DBA mice. AB - Male house mice from two inbred strains, DBA/2 and BA, and their F1 and F2 crosses and backcrosses, B1 and B2, were tested for black-white discrimination learning and 24-hr response retention in a water maze. The BA strain exhibited an inferior learning performance. Nonparametric and biometrical genetic analyses provided only weak evidence of unifactorial inheritance of acquisitions, but somewhat stronger evidence in the case of retention. PMID- 7271682 TI - The albino locus and locomotor behavior in the mouse: studies using extended test intervals. AB - The influence of albinism upon initial activity in novel surroundings was examined using coisogenic and congenic lines of mice. In comparison with those of previous studies, an extended test interval was used, and this modification produced significant main and interaction effects of the c locus upon activity for both lines. The present findings confirm and extend those of previous studies upon the depressant effects of albinism based upon coisogenic lines, and extend the findings to congenic lines as well. PMID- 7271685 TI - A controlled outcome study of phobias in mentally retarded adults. PMID- 7271686 TI - Biological vs experiential factors in phobic conditioning. PMID- 7271684 TI - Neurobiological approaches in human behavior genetics. AB - An attempt should be made to base analysis of problems in human behavior genetics on existing knowledge of human biochemical genetics and neurobiology. Examples for this approach are studies showing HY antigen patterns of the opposite sex in transsexuality, slight psychological deviations in heterozygotes of recessive metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria and lipid storage diseases, and psychological studies in healthy individuals with various genetic variants of the normal human electroencephalogram (EEG). Results of such studies will help gradually to replace emotional controversy by rational assessment of facts. PMID- 7271687 TI - Deposit contracts with smokers: varying frequency and amount of repayments. PMID- 7271688 TI - Observations on the behaviour of patients in a state mental hospital and a general hospital psychiatric unit: a comparative study. PMID- 7271689 TI - Return of fear: the role of inhibition. PMID- 7271690 TI - Social skill performance among normal and psychiatric inpatient children as a function of assessment conditions. PMID- 7271691 TI - The structure of assertiveness: a confirmatory study. PMID- 7271692 TI - The placebo concept. PMID- 7271693 TI - How depressing: another cognitive dimension of commonsense knowledge. PMID- 7271694 TI - Self-monitoring of stuttering: reactivity and accuracy. PMID- 7271695 TI - The reduction of parent-youth problems by reciprocity counseling. PMID- 7271696 TI - Behavioral treatments of primary dysmenorrhea: a review. PMID- 7271697 TI - The behavioral treatment of neurodermatitis through habit-reversal. PMID- 7271699 TI - Relationship between response to graded exposure and marital satisfaction in agoraphobics. PMID- 7271698 TI - The acquisition of taste aversions in humans. PMID- 7271700 TI - Augmentation of in vivo exposure treatment for agoraphobia by the formation of neighbourhood self-help groups. PMID- 7271702 TI - Biogenic amine terminals in the goldfish cerebellum and optic tectum: a fluorescence and autoradiographic study. AB - The intraventricular administration of 3H-noradrenaline was used to demonstrate the presence and the distribution of the monoaminergic terminals in the goldfish cerebellum and optic tectum. Monoaminergic terminal can be selectively labelled by tritiated neurotransmitter and are visualized by light and electron microscopic autoradiography. Further evidence of the presence of catecholamines in these encephalic areas was furnished by the induced-fluorescence technique. PMID- 7271703 TI - Alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase in goldfish (Carassius auratus) leukocytes. AB - Alkaline phosphatase activity and peroxidase activity were studied in granulocytes from the peripheral blood of Carassius auratus by cytochemical procedures for both light and electron-microscope examination. Alkaline phosphatase reaction products appeared in juvenile neutrophil granules and in portions of eosinophil granules. Peroxidase reaction products were observed in mature neutrophil granules and in portions of eosinophil granules. Basophils showed negative results. The presence of alkaline phosphatase in the early neutrophil stages only, suggestes that juvenile neutrophils in the peripheral blood of golfish have a peculiar function. PMID- 7271701 TI - Social skills training with adolescent male offenders--II. Short-term, long-term and generalized effects. PMID- 7271704 TI - Cytochemical demonstration of rat liver adenylylcyclase attempts of methodological improvements. AB - A new method has been applied using strontium as trapping agent in place of lead and incubation at pH 8.9 of liver samples taken from rats treated in vivo with isoprenaline (IPR). Ultrastructural observations have revealed two different staining patterns: one, found in samples incubated in the standard medium and selectively localized on hepatic plasma membrane, is considered specific; the other, observed in vitro assays to determine enzymatic specificity is probably of non-enzymatic nature. The latter findings represents a difficult point in the evaluation of this technique. PMID- 7271705 TI - High speed autoradiography on brain tissue sections. AB - The application of high-speed autoradiography to histologic brain sections of in vivo [3H] thymidine labeled rats is reported. Low doses of isotope have been used. With Kodak NTB3 emulsion, specific nuclear labelling of the subependymal layer was reached after 48 h of exposure. With llford K2 emulsion, the maximal nuclear labelling was achieved within 20 days. The fitness of this technique for studying the nervous tissue kinetics is discussed. PMID- 7271706 TI - Trends in the biology of fermentations for fuels and chemicals. PMID- 7271707 TI - Fermentation of plant polysaccharides: role of biochemical genetics. PMID- 7271708 TI - Molecular genetics and microbial fermentations. PMID- 7271709 TI - Cellulases of fungi. PMID- 7271710 TI - Hydrogen formation by the biophotolysis of water via glycolate and formate. PMID- 7271711 TI - Basic biology of microbial fermentation. PMID- 7271712 TI - The methanogenic bacteria, their ecology and physiology. PMID- 7271713 TI - Anaerobic fermentations of cellulose to methane. PMID- 7271714 TI - Some aspects of thermophilic and extreme thermophilic anaerobic microorganisms. AB - In this presentation, we have discussed that the acetogenic thermophilic bacterium, Clostridium thermoaceticum, ferments glucose almost quantitatively to acetate. That part of the acetate is formed from CO2, which functions as the electron sink. We have demonstrated that enzymes in the acetate formation contain trace elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel, selenium and tungsten. Furthermore, we have indicated that this bacterium must have an electron transport system, which is not yet completely understood. With Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum we have obtained results which indicate that this thermophile may selectively produce proteins dependent on the environmental temperature. We have presented a new bacterium, Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, which ferments several sugars including starch, cellobiose, and xylose to ethanol. We have demonstrated the existence in a thermal environment of anaerobic bacteria that grow at temperatures of around 90 degrees C and which are capable of fermenting diverse substrates such as lactate, glucose, and cellulose. PMID- 7271715 TI - Formation of hydrocarbons by bacteria and algae. PMID- 7271716 TI - Thermophilic ethanol fermentations. AB - Thermophilic ethanol fermentations are of interest to industrial alcohol production because both the pentose and hexose fraction of biomass can be directly fermented in high yield (i.e., mol ethanol/mol substrate consumed), and because of potential novel process features associated with high temperature operation. As a net result, the co-culture cellulose fermentations described here may have the potential to convert more substrate to alcohol than some other bioconversion systems described [see Figure 11, (2)]. However, considerably more fundamental and applied research is required before realistic economic assessments can be made. Detailed analysis of the data presented above suggests key control parameters for thermophilic ethanol production (see Table IX). Understanding in detail the physiological and biochemical features that control rate limitation, yield limitation and concentration limitation appears to me as trends for future applied and fundamental studies on thermophilic ethanologenic bacteria. It is worth noting from the data reviewed here that understanding control of any one of these 3 major limitations is complex and multi-faceted. Indeed, improvement of ethanol tolerance (i.e. the ability to produce greater than 1% ethanol at high rates) in these bacteria appears to involve challenges by all three limitations. Furthermore, the biochemical basis for alcohol tolerance in thermophilic ethanologens appears to vary in different species. For example, the ethanol dehydrogenase of C. thermocellum is inhibited by physiological concentrations of alcohol (i.e. 1%) whereas, the reversible activity of T. brockii or C. thermohydrosulfuricum enzyme is increased by higher solvent concentration (greater than 5%). PMID- 7271717 TI - Feasible improvements of the butanol production by Clostridium acetobutylicum. PMID- 7271719 TI - Thermophily. PMID- 7271718 TI - Acrylate fermentations. PMID- 7271720 TI - The role of adrenergic mechanisms in the blood pressure regulation of leg amputees. AB - An increased occurrence of hypertension has been reported among leg-amputees. In order to investigate whether leg amputation is followed by an elevation of sympathetic tone, possibly enhanced by continuous mechanical irritation of the amputation stump by wearing a prosthesis, blood pressure (BP), pulse-rate (PR) and plasma catecholamines (norepinephrine, NE, and epinephrine, E) were measured in six hypertensive leg-amputees during prosthesis walking as well as during irritation of the amputation stump by vacuum suction in the supine position. Six patients suffering from essential hypertension and six normotensive subjects served as control groups. Basal levels of plasma NE and E did not differ in the three investigated groups. Mechanical stump(limb) irritation as well as walking induced a rise of NE but not of E, accompanied by a rise of BP and PR in amputees as well as in the control subjects. Elevation of NE and BP was most accentuated in hypertensive amputees when walking with prosthesis. Within each investigated group there was a positive correlation between NE and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), (p less than 0.001 in hypertensive amputees and non-amputees, p less than 0.05 in normotensives). We conclude that mechanical limb irritation induces a rise of BP by sympathetic nervous stimulation. Thus wearing of a vacuum prosthesis may support a consistent rise in BP. PMID- 7271721 TI - Effects of changes in frequency on guinea pig ventricular action potential duration and on QT interval under different experimental conditions. AB - Isolated perfused guinea pig hearts (Langendorff preparation) were arrested by carbachol (0.1-0.2 mg/l) and electrically stimulated in the region of the av conducting system. The QT interval was determined by means of extracellular electrodes at different driving frequencies. Separate experiments were performed on papillary muscles from the right ventricle to measure the duration of the transmembrane action potential under comparable conditions. At 35 degrees C (Ke+ 5.4 mmol/l) increasing the frequency of stimulation (range 12-120/min) caused the action potential duration (APD) to decrease to a greater extent than the QT interval. Stepwise rising of the external K+ concentration up to 16.2 mmol/l produced a nearly parallel shift to the APD-frequency relation to lower values. Again, the QT interval was less affected by increasing the external K+ concentration than the APD. Stepwise reduction of the temperature down to 20 degrees C prolonged the APD as well as the QT interval, the effects being more pronounced at lower than at higher stimulation frequencies. Under all examined experimental conditions, the APD proved to be markedly shorter than the QT interval even when the latter is diminished by the duration of QRS. The results suggest that no close relation exists between the APD and the QT interval. The observed divergencies may be due to functional differences among various parts of the ventricles. PMID- 7271722 TI - Relationship between coronary collateral growth in the dog and ischemic bed size. AB - Two models of gradual coronary occlusion (Ameroid method) were compared in this study: 3 months circumflex and 3 months right coronary occlusion. Following coronary occlusion, the collaterals developed in intact, normally active dogs. The collateral flows were assessed in an isolated heat preparation. The results indicated a pattern for collateral development. Collateral flow was directed primarily toward the left heart with circumflex occlusion, and toward the right heart with right occlusion. Although dominant collateralization was via epicardial collaterals, intramyocardial septal collaterals strongly participated in growth development of both models. Collateral growth to the circumflex with circumflex occlusion was 6.54 fold greater than collateral growth to the right coronary artery with right occlusion. The data suggest a relationship between collateral growth and ischemic bed size. PMID- 7271723 TI - Systemic and regional myocardial responses to AR-L 115 BS, a positive inotropic imidazo-pyridine, in the absence or in the presence of the bradycardiac action of alinidine. PMID- 7271724 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of fresh and older injuries of the volar fibrocartilage of the middle joint of the fingers]. PMID- 7271725 TI - [Complications in total endoprosthesis of the hip]. PMID- 7271726 TI - [Tendopathia calcificans]. PMID- 7271728 TI - [Treatment of voluntary backward shoulder luxation]. PMID- 7271727 TI - [Etiology, diagnosis and therapy of epicondylitis humeri - a cooperative study]. PMID- 7271730 TI - [The Salmonella problem in carcass-rendering plants. 2. Recontamination of carcass meal by salmonellas]. PMID- 7271731 TI - [The Salmonella problem in carcass-rendering plants. 3. Prevention of recontamination of the "clean side" with salmonellas by cleaning and disinfection]. PMID- 7271729 TI - [The Salmonella problem in carcass-rendering plants. 1. Salmonellas in carcass meal]. PMID- 7271732 TI - [Occurrence of Toxocara canis and other endoparasites in dogs in West Berlin]. PMID- 7271733 TI - [Distribution and demonstration of the feline stomach worm Ollulanus tricuspis (Leuckart, 1865)]. PMID- 7271734 TI - [Immunobiological studies of the host-parasite relationship between rabbits and the tick Ornithodoros moubata]. PMID- 7271735 TI - [Trypanosoma evansi: microbiological and biological behavior before and after Berenil administration]. PMID- 7271736 TI - [Parasitological and histopathological studies of Toxoplasma infections in stone martens (Martes foina)]. PMID- 7271737 TI - [Trials of estrus induction in sows during lactation]. PMID- 7271738 TI - [Sternal marrow puncture in the dog--topography and technic]. PMID- 7271739 TI - [Veterinarians and horse sales]. PMID- 7271740 TI - [How accurate is age determination in horses]. PMID- 7271741 TI - [Forensic significance of cardiac arrhythmias in horses]. PMID- 7271742 TI - [Examination of fattened cattle for sale]. PMID- 7271743 TI - [Examination of dogs for sale]. PMID- 7271744 TI - [Veterinary prepurchase examination and the importance of findings from a legal point of view]. PMID- 7271745 TI - [Maximal motor nerve conduction rate with lithium]. AB - We examined the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of 10 patients under long-term lithium therapy and 10 patients after a 3-month lithium therapy. In accordance with the literature concerning patients and normals under experimental treatment with lithium, we also found reduced NCV values. There were no significant changes in NCV during the first 3 months of lithium treatment. This could be due to the relative low lithium levels as well as to symptoms of manic-depressive Illness and the nerve examined. PMID- 7271746 TI - [Metabolic studies on lithium]. PMID- 7271747 TI - Effects of lithium salts on pain experience in depressed patients. AB - 15 depressed female patients were studied for sensitivity to pain stimuli before and after 1 month of treatment with lithium salts. By electric stimulation techniques, an aspecific sensitivity threshold, a pain sensitivity threshold and a pain tolerance threshold were measured and their relationship were evaluated. In this investigation, we evaluated the influence of the improvement of the clinical picture and of the blood levels of the drug on pain perception. Our data seem to suggest an analgesic action of lithium, which, however, appears to be partially masked by the effects on pain perception induced by the evolution of the depressive picture. PMID- 7271748 TI - [Effects of lithium on normal psychic functions as a restriction on prophylactic use]. AB - Within the context of psychological research on the mechanism of lithium prophylaxis mainly three questions are to be raised and hopefully answered: a) Can psychic effects of lithium be demonstrated during the free interval of manic depressive patients under long-term lithium medication? b) Supposed that such lithium-induced effects could be demonstrated during the free interval, do they possess any significance for the prophylactic effect? c) Supposed that such prophylactically significant effects exist, do they refer to typical properties of the premorbid personality in which subjects with affective psychoses differ from normal subjects? A double-blind study in 14 manic-depressive patients during the free interval showed effects of lithium on learning, free recall, experience of time, and visual perception. The direction of the effects, i.e, increase or decrease versus corresponding values obtained under placebo, seems to be determined by the individual personality. PMID- 7271749 TI - [Motor reactivity during lithium prophylaxis]. PMID- 7271750 TI - [Enduring structure of the "depressive personality" in lithium prophylaxis. With special reference to the social partners]. AB - A group of patients with endogenous depressive disorders at the beginning of a lithium treatment (Li group I) is compared with a second group of patients with the same diagnosis, who can be called lithium responders (Li group II). These two groups are compared in regard to their relationship to their relevant social partner, based on the 'self-concept' and 'ideal self-concept' obtained by means of the Giessen test. Li group II shows significant deviations only in scale 4 of the Giessen test, while the partner group II does not differ essentially in its profile from the partner group I. These findings will be used as a working hypothesis. PMID- 7271751 TI - [Catamnestic studies on the question of organic psychosyndromes under lithium medication]. PMID- 7271752 TI - [Clinico-psychological study of organic psychosyndromes associated with affective psychoses with and without lithium therapy]. PMID- 7271753 TI - Memory performances in depressed patients during prophylactic treatment with lithium salts. AB - The study involved 42 subjects suffering from unipolar depression (35 females and 7 males) who had received 600-1,200 mg of lithium carbonate daily for periods ranging from 6 months to 7 years. Concurrently with the memory tests, the patients were also submitted to the Hamilton test for the evaluation of depression and blood samples were taken in order to measure lithium blood levels. In the groups of subjects examined by us (grouped according to lithemia, time on the drug and degree of depression, as, evaluated by Hamilton's test), significant differences were found only in the short-term figure test and, partially, in the long term memory verbal test. PMID- 7271754 TI - Practical guide-lines of lithium prophylaxis. PMID- 7271756 TI - [Lithium prophylaxis in neurologic practice]. PMID- 7271757 TI - [Duration of prophylactic medication with antidepressives]. PMID- 7271755 TI - [Status of lithium therapy in Austria]. AB - Questionnaires referring to application of lithium, range of indication, combination with other drugs, side effects and patients' data were sent to all Austrian psychiatrists, psychiatric wards and clinics. Questionnaires gathering basic laboratory data on the subject were sent to all diagnostic laboratories. Both forms being constructed in a way to facilitate filling in, gathered data must be reviewed with extreme caution. Results of psychiatric answers (30%) and returns of laboratory data (60%) are presented and discussed with relevant data from other authors. PMID- 7271758 TI - [Unsolved problems in the indications for lithium prophylaxis in affective and schizoaffective disorders]. AB - The validity of various criteria for a prophylactic lithium indication was examined by means of the natural course of 356 unipolar depressive, bipolar manic depressive, and schizoaffective patients. The prerequisite for a lithium prophylaxis was the occurrence of two or more episodes (excluding the index episode) within a 5-year's follow-up. The so far applied criteria for a lithium indication mentioned in the literature have proven to be too restrictive as far as this study is concerned, as the majority of the patients in need of lithium have been excluded from such a treatment. In this study new criteria have been deduced from the hypothetical examination of observed courses. PMID- 7271759 TI - [Clinico-psychopathologic research on prophylactic lithium therapy]. PMID- 7271760 TI - Molecular and catalytic properties of purified glutathione S-transferase from human placenta. PMID- 7271761 TI - Tissue lipoprotein lipase, serum, and urinary lipids and lipoproteins in experimental glomerulonephritis of rats (Heymann's nephritis). PMID- 7271762 TI - Platelet and erythrocyte membrane lipid and phospholipid patterns in different types of mental patients. PMID- 7271763 TI - Changes in serum dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase IV (glycylprolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase) activity of patients with gastric carcinoma after surgical excision and the enzyme activity in the carcinoma tissue. PMID- 7271765 TI - Changes in cardiac muscle myosin light-chain phosphorylation associated with varying inotropic states. PMID- 7271764 TI - Plasma lipids and lipoprotein lipase activating property in women on three different combinations of estrogens and progestins. PMID- 7271766 TI - Evaluation of salivary markers during the menstrual cycle: peroxidase, protein, and electrolytes. PMID- 7271767 TI - Isolation and characterization of an acid-stable proteinase inhibitor from amniotic fluid. PMID- 7271769 TI - Lipid peroxide levels of serum lipoprotein fractions of diabetic patients. PMID- 7271768 TI - Monoamine oxidase activity and kinetic properties in platelet-rich plasma from controls, chronic alcoholics, and patients with nonalcoholic liver disease. PMID- 7271770 TI - An efficient bacterial bioluminescence with reduced lumichrome. PMID- 7271771 TI - Intestinal transport of phosphate anion is not impaired in the Hyp (hypophosphatemic) mouse. PMID- 7271772 TI - A protein stimulatory factor for DNA polymerase alpha in rat giant trophoblast cells. PMID- 7271773 TI - Effect of heat on the microtubule disassembly and its relationship to body temperatures. PMID- 7271774 TI - Hydrolysis of human plasma high density lipoprotein 2- phospholipids and triglycerides by hepatic lipase. PMID- 7271776 TI - Direct transfer of fatty acids synthesized "de novo" from fatty acid synthetase into triacylglycerols without activation. PMID- 7271775 TI - Identification of neurophysins : complete aminoacid sequence of horse VLDV neurophysin. PMID- 7271777 TI - Effect of ligandin on the efflux of Co-deuteroporphyrin from isolated rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7271778 TI - Evidence for structural changes in erythrocyte membranes of spontaneously hypertension rats. A fluorescence polarization study. PMID- 7271779 TI - Covalent binding of polyamines to proteins in HTC cells. PMID- 7271780 TI - A fluorimetric differentiation of the binding sites of the D-ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from spinach from pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. PMID- 7271781 TI - Structure of a novel sulfated sialoglycosphingolipid from bovine gastric mucosa. PMID- 7271782 TI - Reaction of Woodward's Reagent K with pancreatic porcine phospholipase A2: modification of an essential carboxylase residue. PMID- 7271783 TI - Phosphatidylcholine accessibility in single bilayer vesicles prepared from rat liver microsomal lipids containing proteolipids. PMID- 7271784 TI - Recycling of methionine sulfur in a higher plant by two pathways characterized by either loss or retention of the 4-carbon moiety. PMID- 7271785 TI - Lack of cytosol and nuclear estrogen receptors in human spermatozoa. PMID- 7271786 TI - A 31P NMR study of phosphoenolpyruvate transport across the human erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7271787 TI - The complete sequence of a novel human pituitary glycopeptide homologous to pig posterior pituitary glycopeptide. PMID- 7271788 TI - Coexistence curves for the phase separation in the calf lens cytoplasm. PMID- 7271789 TI - Cation-induced, inhibitor-resistant photosystem II reactions in cyanobacterial membranes. PMID- 7271790 TI - n-Alkyl-glucosides as detergents for the preparation of highly homogeneous bilayer liposomes of variable sizes ( 60-240 nm phi) applying defined rates of detergent removal by dialysis. PMID- 7271791 TI - Calmodulin-binding protein of erythrocyte cytoskeleton. PMID- 7271792 TI - Leukotriene C stimulates prostaglandin release from rat peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7271794 TI - Energy-dependent accumulation of the uncoupler picrate and proton flux in submitochondrial particles. PMID- 7271793 TI - Possible correlation between binding of muscle type AMP deaminase to myofibrils and ammoniagenesis in rat skeletal muscle on electrical stimulation. PMID- 7271795 TI - Light induced membrane potential changes in Halobacterium halobium observed with high time resolution by resonance Raman spectroscopy. PMID- 7271796 TI - Controlled coupling of mildly reduced proteins to Sepharose gelatin by heterobifunctional reagent. PMID- 7271798 TI - Modification of glomerular basement membrane cross-links in experimental diabetic rats. PMID- 7271799 TI - Tryptophan fluorescence of human hemoglobin. I. Significant change of fluorescence intensity and lifetimes in the T - R transition. PMID- 7271800 TI - Testosterone oxidation by rat liver microsomes: effects of phenobarbital pretreatment and the detection of seven metabolites by HPLC. PMID- 7271797 TI - Interaction of influenza virus with chicken fibroblasts: a proton magnetic resonance study. PMID- 7271801 TI - Terbium ion binding to Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin. PMID- 7271802 TI - Immune aggregation and not antigen-induced conformational change accounts for enhanced reactivity between immunoglobulin G and protein A. PMID- 7271803 TI - Modifications in the aminoether side chain of clomiphene influence affinity for a specific antiestrogen binding site in MCF 7 cells cytosol. PMID- 7271804 TI - Role of sulfhydryl groups in catalytic activity of purified cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase system from rabbit and rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7271805 TI - Phosphorylation and anti-leishmanial activity of formycin B. PMID- 7271806 TI - Cell surface carbohydrates of Agrobacterium tumefaciens involved in adherence during crown gall tumor initiation. PMID- 7271807 TI - Ribosomal resistance of an istamycin producer, Streptomyces tenjimariensis, to aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 7271808 TI - Membranolysis by the ninth component of human complement. PMID- 7271809 TI - Effects of acetylated polyamines on ornithine decarboxylase in rat HTC cells. PMID- 7271810 TI - Molecular weight analysis of the major polypeptides and glycopeptides of Toxoplasma gondii. PMID- 7271811 TI - Disassociation of lysosomal enzyme secretion and macrophage-mediated bone resorption. PMID- 7271812 TI - Metabolism of cyclopenta(cd)pyrene at the K-region by microsomes and a reconstituted cytochrome P-450 system from rat liver. PMID- 7271814 TI - Cyanide insensitive palmitate oxidation in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7271815 TI - Unconventional model of polynucleotides. Cyclic tetramer derived from 1.3 trimethylene thymine. Physical and photochemical properties. PMID- 7271813 TI - Biochemical evidence for a deficiency of vitamin B6 in subjects reacting to monosodium L-glutamate by the Chinese restaurant syndrome. PMID- 7271816 TI - Cooperative interaction of warfarin and phenylbutazone with human serum albumin. PMID- 7271817 TI - Extraction of a [3H]benzamil binding component from kidney cell membranes. PMID- 7271818 TI - Effects of gamma-acetylenic GABA and gamma-vinyl GABA on synaptosomal release and uptake of GABA. PMID- 7271819 TI - Inhibition of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity and elevation of brain tryptophan concentration by administration of antidepressants. PMID- 7271820 TI - Essential metals and metallothionein in cadmium-induced thymic atrophy and splenomegaly. PMID- 7271821 TI - Drug metabolism, cytochrome P450 spin state, and phospholipid changes during pregnancy in the rat. PMID- 7271822 TI - Influence of cysteine upon the glutathione status of isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7271823 TI - Factors affecting the release of purines from mouse cerebral cortex: potassium removal and metabolic inhibitors. PMID- 7271824 TI - Effect of the structural isomer N-3-fluorenylacetamide on microsomal binding and hydroxylation of the carcinogen N-2-fluorenylacetamide. PMID- 7271825 TI - Histidine transport by isolated rat peritoneal mast cells. PMID- 7271826 TI - Some effects of non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 on rat liver monoamine oxidase. PMID- 7271827 TI - Synthetic N-dimethyl beta-endorphin, a stabilized opioid peptide. PMID- 7271828 TI - Influence of harmaline on the ability of pargyline to alter catecholamine metabolism in rats. PMID- 7271830 TI - Two systems are involved in the sulfobromophthalein uptake by rat liver cells: one is shared with bile salts. PMID- 7271829 TI - Studies on the arachidonic acid cascade--I. Inhibition of phospholipase A2 in vitro and in vivo by several novel series of inhibitor compounds. PMID- 7271831 TI - Cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane to dichloroacetic acid in vitro. PMID- 7271832 TI - Inhibition of rat cerebrum acetylcholinesterase isoenzymes after acute administration of soman. PMID- 7271833 TI - Sodium ion and the effect of acetylcholine on phospholipid and phosphoprotein phosphate turnover in the rabbit iris smooth muscle. PMID- 7271834 TI - Acute and chronic effects of barbiturates and ethanol on phospholipid and sulfatide content of rat brain regions. PMID- 7271835 TI - Dose dependent conversion of estragole in the rat and mouse to the carcinogenic metabolite, 1'-hydroxyestragole. PMID- 7271836 TI - Effects of glucagon on 45Ca outflow exchange in the isolated perfused rat heart. PMID- 7271839 TI - Interactions of carbon tetrachloride and promethazine in the rat--I. Effects of promethazine on the concentrations of carbon tetrachloride in blood and liver, and on the production of chloroform. PMID- 7271840 TI - Interactions of carbon tetrachloride and promethazine in the rat--II. Elimination of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform in expired air as indications of their metabolism in the intact animal. PMID- 7271837 TI - Influence of choline, hemicholinium-3 and naphthylvinylpyridine on uptake and acetylation of 3H-labeled choline into hippocampus slices. PMID- 7271841 TI - Effect of ticlopidine on arachidonic acid metabolism in platelet phospholipids in vitro. PMID- 7271842 TI - Alterations in mouse liver monooxygenases by benzothiadiazoles. PMID- 7271843 TI - Cytotoxicity and deoxyribonucleic acid damage associated with bromoacetate. PMID- 7271844 TI - Tight binding inhibitors--IX. Kinetic parameters of dihydrofolate reductase inhibited by methotrexate, an example of equilibrium study. PMID- 7271845 TI - Characterization of enzymatic acetylcholine synthesis by mouse brain, rat sperm, and purified carnitine acetyltransferase. PMID- 7271838 TI - Interaction of benzoic acid derivatives with the transport system of glucose in human erythrocytes. PMID- 7271846 TI - Conjugation of phenol by rat lung. PMID- 7271847 TI - Interaction of 2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazonato copper (II) with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. PMID- 7271848 TI - Adenosinetriphosphate conservation by indoramin and other drugs. PMID- 7271850 TI - Time-dependent activation and inactivation of pig brain glutaminase. PMID- 7271849 TI - The interaction of phenformin and phlorizin with brush border membrane vesicles, phospholipid liposomes, and phospholipid liposomes containing brush border membrane protein. PMID- 7271851 TI - Prediction of drug sensitivity in individuals with atypical serum cholinesterase based on in vitro biochemical studies. PMID- 7271852 TI - Mechanism of the inhibitory action of isoniazid on microsomal drug metabolism. PMID- 7271853 TI - Stereochemistry in the oxidative metabolism of styrene by hepatic microsomes. PMID- 7271854 TI - Combined effects of guanidinoethanesulfonate, a depletor of tissue taurine levels, and isoproterenol or methoxamine on rat tissues. PMID- 7271856 TI - The effects of aluminium, manganese and cadmium chloride on the methylation of phospholipids in the rat brain synaptosomal membrane. PMID- 7271857 TI - Tissue distribution and effects on mitochondrial protein synthesis of tetracyclines after prolonged continuous intravenous administration to rats. PMID- 7271855 TI - The selective activation of cytochrome P-450 dependent microsomal hydroxylases in human and rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7271858 TI - Inhibition of microsomal-membrane bound and purified epoxide hydrolase by C2-C8 1,2-alkene oxides. PMID- 7271859 TI - Hepatic glutathione S-transferases: activities and cellular localization in rat, rhesus monkey, chimpanzee and man. PMID- 7271860 TI - N-acetyl groups and analgesia. PMID- 7271862 TI - The mechanism of toxic action of hyperbaric oxygenation on the mitochondria of rat-heart cells. PMID- 7271864 TI - Thermotropic properties of calf-brain lipids interacting with drugs--II. PMID- 7271863 TI - Influence of some flavonoids on reticulation of collagen fibrils in vitro. PMID- 7271861 TI - Conjugation of acrylamide with glutathione catalysed by glutathione-S transferases of rat liver and brain. PMID- 7271865 TI - Stereochemical aspects of the metabolism of phenprocoumon in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7271866 TI - Steroid-like anti-inflammatory effect of superoxide dismutase in serotonin-, histamine- and kinin-induced edemata of mice: existence of vascular permeability regulating protein(s). PMID- 7271867 TI - Decrease of osteoarthritic synovial fluid viscosity by means of U.V. illumination: a method to evaluate the free radical scavenging action of drugs. PMID- 7271868 TI - Transport of dibromosulphthalein by isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7271869 TI - Induction of peroxisomal enzymes in rat liver by the hypolipidemic agent LK-903. PMID- 7271871 TI - Uptake and release of manganese by rat striatal slices. PMID- 7271870 TI - Changes in indices of rat testicular heme biosynthesis and microsomal cytochrome P-450 during sexual maturation. PMID- 7271872 TI - Metabolism of 2-acetamido-4-(chloromethyl)thiazole in germfree and conventional rats. PMID- 7271873 TI - Studies on the binding of chlorpromazine and chloroquine to melanin in vivo. PMID- 7271876 TI - Effect of the methylation of aglycone hydroxyl groups on the biological and biochemical properties of daunorubicin. PMID- 7271874 TI - Increased inhibition of hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase by hexachlorobenzene in male rats given the oestrogenic drugs diethylstilboestrol and chlorotrianisene. PMID- 7271877 TI - Effect of pregnancy on hepatic glutathione S-transferase activities in the rat. PMID- 7271875 TI - Effects of antioxidants on glutamate decarboxylase activity. PMID- 7271878 TI - Active efflux common to vincristine and daunorubicin in vincristine-resistant P388 leukemia. PMID- 7271879 TI - Evidence for the occurrence of a novel pathway of benzoic acid metabolism involving the addition of a two carbon fragment. PMID- 7271880 TI - Effect of 3-aminopicolinic acid on renal ammoniagenesis in the rat. PMID- 7271881 TI - The effect of thiamine deficiency on the metabolism of acetaminophen (paracetamol). PMID- 7271883 TI - Studies on NADPH-dependent chloral hydrate reducing enzymes in rat liver cytosol. PMID- 7271884 TI - Inhibition by warfarin enantiomers of prothrombin synthesis, protein carboxylation, and the regeneration of vitamin K from vitamin K epoxide. PMID- 7271882 TI - A comparison of biphenyl 4-hydroxylation and 4-methoxybiphenyl O-demethylation in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7271885 TI - Conjugation kinetics of acetaminophen by the perfused rat liver preparation. PMID- 7271886 TI - Production of acetaldehyde and ethanol by isolated rat liver parenchymal cells in the presence of diethyl ether. PMID- 7271888 TI - Endotoxin inhibition of dexamethasone induction of tryptophan oxygenase in suspension culture of isolated rat parenchymal cells. Involvement of the hepatic nonparenchymal cell fraction. PMID- 7271887 TI - An evaluation of methods to decrease the availability of inorganic sulphate for sulphate conjugation in the rat in vivo. PMID- 7271889 TI - Comparative studies on the effects of various microsomal enzyme inducers on the N demethylation of dimethylnitrosamine. PMID- 7271890 TI - Effects of clofibrate and 6-substituted chroman analogs on human platelet function: mechanism of inhibitory action. PMID- 7271891 TI - The effect of physiological levels of divalent metal ions on the interaction of daunomycin with DNA: evidence of a ternary daunomycin-Cu2+-DNA complex. PMID- 7271892 TI - Amfonelic acid antagonism of dopamine and norepinephrine depletion by alpha methyl-m-tyrosine in rat brain. PMID- 7271893 TI - Inhibition of ribonucleic acid polymerase activity by ellipticine. PMID- 7271895 TI - High-affinity stereospecific binding of 3H-dopamine in rat brain: interaction with endogenous dopamine. PMID- 7271894 TI - Can calmodulin inhibitors be used to probe calmodulin effects? PMID- 7271896 TI - Effects of fasting, body weight, methylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose on hepatic glutathione levels in mice and hamsters. PMID- 7271898 TI - The hepatic metabolism of ethidium bromide to reactive mutagenic species: biochemical and structural requirements. PMID- 7271897 TI - Changes in the rat hepatic mixed function oxidase system associated with chronic ethanol vapor inhalation. PMID- 7271899 TI - Effects of benserazide and carbidopa on the metabolism of L-tryptophan by isolated rat liver cells. PMID- 7271900 TI - Induction of selective acid hydrolase release from mouse macrophages during exposure to chloroquine and quinine. PMID- 7271901 TI - Anti-inflammatory action of progesterone and its possible mode of action in rats. PMID- 7271902 TI - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity in central and peripheral tissues and serum of rats with L-DOPA and L-5-hydroxytryptophan as substrates. PMID- 7271903 TI - New Heterocyclic stimulators of hepatic epoxide hydrolase. PMID- 7271904 TI - Behavior of acetaldehyde transported in blood. PMID- 7271905 TI - Effects of delta-aminolaevulinic acid, porphobilinogen, amino acids and barbiturates on calcium accumulation by cultured neurons. PMID- 7271906 TI - The interaction of chelating agents with methylmercuric chloride bound to erythrocytes. PMID- 7271907 TI - Interactions of narcotics with synaptosomal calcium transport. PMID- 7271908 TI - Lack of inhibition of glutathione reductase by anthracycline antibiotics. PMID- 7271909 TI - Hepatic microsomal oxidative drug metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 7271911 TI - Fetal activity acceleration determination. PMID- 7271910 TI - Effect of hyperprolactinaemia due to pituitary tumour on serum albumin, protein and oncotic pressure. AB - 1. Serum albumin, total protein, oncotic pressure and osmolality were measured in a group of patients with hyperprolactinaemia due to a prolactin secreting tumour, normal subjects and normoprolactinaemic acromegalic patients. 2. A significant increase in albumin, total protein and oncotic pressure was found in the prolactinoma patients when compared with those of the other two groups. 3. There was no difference in serum osmolality between the three groups. 4. These studies provide further evidence that prolactin may have anabolic effects. PMID- 7271912 TI - New perspectives on child abuse/neglect community education. PMID- 7271915 TI - [Studies on new radioenzymatic assay kit for catecholamine determination and plasma levels of catecholamines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7271914 TI - [Peritoneal implantation of glial element from immature teratoma of the ovary.- So-called gliomatosis peritonei (author's transl)]. PMID- 7271913 TI - [Effect of age and the antioxidant, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-oxypyridine, on hematopoietic stem cell migration in mice]. PMID- 7271916 TI - [Traumatic shock]. PMID- 7271917 TI - [Goiter of the root of the tongue]. PMID- 7271918 TI - [A study of eye movement during sleep. 1) Analyses of rapid eye movements in normal subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7271919 TI - Follow-up care of the spinal cord injury patient. AB - Follow-up care of the spinal cord injury patient is often inadequate after discharge from the rehabilitation center. The family physician must pay particular attention to the genitourinary and respiratory systems; autonomic dysfunction, including temperature variation; skin care; contractures and spasticity; the prevention of thromboembolic disease, and nutritional intake. continuing psychosocial support is mandatory, as well as conservative management of pain. The prognosis for a full, rewarding life is becoming a reality. PMID- 7271920 TI - Preparation of material to control precision of calcium selective electrodes. AB - A simple procedure is described for the preparation of a stable precision quality control material for use in the measurement of level of ionised calcium in serum at or near the reference range. Repeat analyses on a Nova 2 ionised calcium analyser of serum pools stored at different temperatures over a period of three months showed coefficients of variation less of less than 4%. PMID- 7271921 TI - Myxothiazol, an antibiotic from Myxococcus fulvus (myxobacterales). II. structure elucidation. AB - Myxothiazol is shown to be 4-(6-carbamoyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylhexa-1E,5E dienyl)-2'-(1,6-dimethylhepta-2 E,4E-dienyl)-2,4'-bithiazole by spectroscopic (mainly 1H NMR, 15C NMR and mass spectroscopic) and chemical methods. PMID- 7271922 TI - [Determination of artemisinine and its derivatives by high pressure liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7271924 TI - Clinical giardiasis on Maui. PMID- 7271923 TI - [A case of crying cat syndrome. Clinical and genetic study]. PMID- 7271925 TI - [Surgical treatment of mediastinal tumors]. PMID- 7271926 TI - [Problem of edema and rigidity of the upper extremity in the combined rehabilitation of breast cancer patients]. PMID- 7271927 TI - [Uric arthritis and inflammatory diseases of the joints - a differential diagnostic problem (author's transl)]. PMID- 7271929 TI - [Current problems in the pathology of endometrical cancer]. PMID- 7271930 TI - [Autoimmunization in chronic adnexitis]. PMID- 7271928 TI - [Preparation for surgery and anesthesia of a patient with congenital angioneurotic edema]. PMID- 7271931 TI - [Penetrating keratoprosthesis insertion in leucoma using improved models of keratoprostheses and surgical technique of their insertion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7271932 TI - [On advances in neuro-ophthalmology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7271933 TI - [Malignant metastases to the eyeballs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7271935 TI - [Biomechanical criteria of shoulder endoprosthesis design]. PMID- 7271934 TI - [Intraocular hypertension and primary glaucoma in the light of own observations extended over 6.5 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7271936 TI - [Treatment of liver injuries]. PMID- 7271937 TI - A new approach to public sector involvement: the Health Service District. PMID- 7271938 TI - [Tactics and global results of laryngeal carcinoma management at the Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Academy in Warsaw in the years 1960--1977 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7271940 TI - [Drug information]. PMID- 7271939 TI - [Necrosis and radiation-induced neoplasms after treatment of carcinomas of the larynx, tonsils and nasopharynx in the material of the Department of Radiotherapy Medical Academy in Warsaw in the years 1960--1975 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7271941 TI - Preparation and biological activity of some 2-substituted 3-(4'carboxyphenyl)-7 nitro-4 (3H)-quinazolinones. AB - 2-Methyl-7-nitro-3,1-(4H)-benzoxazin-4-one (4) (1) has been treated with various carboalkoxy anilines to furnish 2-methyl-3-(4'carboalkoxyphenyl)-7-nitro-4 (3H) quinazolinones (1-3). Condensation of 1-3 with aromatic aldehydes yielded 2 styryl-3-(4'carboalkoxyphenyl)7-nitro-4 (3H)-quinazolinones (4-21 except 6). Comp. 17 was the most active one against B. subtilis and S. aurens. PMID- 7271942 TI - Inhibitory effect of ibuprofen (Motrin) on platelet function. PMID- 7271943 TI - Radioiodinated fibrinogen: simplified again. PMID- 7271944 TI - Molecular weight dependence of heparin anti-factor Xa activity: influence of method. PMID- 7271945 TI - [Torsion of a pregnant uterus]. PMID- 7271946 TI - [Clinical significance of duodenobiliary and duodenopancreatic reflux]. PMID- 7271947 TI - [Control methods for positioning the catheter in the carotid arteries]. PMID- 7271948 TI - [Myxoid liposarcoma of the breast]. PMID- 7271949 TI - [Prognosis of the outcomes in cerebrocranial trauma combined with extracranial injuries complicated by shock]. AB - A method for parametrical prognosis of outcomes of associated cranio-cerebral traumas has been developed on the basis of simple clinical features such as pulse rate, systolic arterial pressure, severity of the trauma expressed in numbers and the level of consciousness. The outcome is prognosticated by the formula obtained as a result of multifactorial regression analysis reliable in 85--90% of cases. PMID- 7271950 TI - Nephron heterogeneity in polyuric acute renal failure. PMID- 7271951 TI - [Enzymatic status of the circulating leukocytes as an index of the regenerative process in the lungs under pyrimidine and purine derivative stimulation]. PMID- 7271952 TI - [Typing coagulase-negative staphylococci in the diagnosis of bacterial infections]. PMID- 7271953 TI - [Latent disorders of the coronary circulation in adolescents with primary arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7271954 TI - [Autonomic-vascular syndrome in transient cerebral circulatory disorders]. PMID- 7271955 TI - [External respiration function in adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7271956 TI - [Ultrastructural bases for cardiovascular insufficiency in experimental chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 7271957 TI - [The value and reliability of ano-rectal electromanometry (author's transl)]. AB - 2,043 anorectal pressure measurements were performed at our hospital during the past 8 years. A majority of the studies, 1,595 measurements (78.1%), involved the differential diagnosis of chronic constipation. The validity of the electromanometry was analyzed on the basis of 332 patients with chronic constipation who were examined during the past 2 years. The electromanometric diagnostic failure rate was 17.6% in newborns up to 4 weeks of age, whereby false negative results predominated, at 11.7%. The diagnostic failure rate subsequently diminished rapidly, and was only 3.4% in the 1-6 month age group 0.6% in children over the age of 5. The overall figure was 1.5%. Among 91 patients with Hirschsprung's disease, a false electromanometric diagnosis was made in 18.5% of cases in the 0-31-day age group. Here too, the diagnostic failure rate decreased with increasing age of the children, to up to 9.5% (1-6 months) and 5.5% (over 5). The overall diagnostic failure rate was 8.7%. When compared with other methods of diagnosing Hirschsprung's disease, however, X-ray studies proved to be no better, with 25.9% false diagnoses in the 1-31-day-olds and an overall failure rate of 16.3%. The histologic diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease fared the worst: faulty ganglion cell evaluations were made in 29.6% of cases in the 0-31 day age group. The overall diagnostic failure rate here was 16.3%. Acetylcholinesterase staining provided the most favorable results, with 13.3% false diagnoses in 0-4-week-olds and an overall diagnostic failure rate of 10.4%. PMID- 7271958 TI - Use of reactivation techniques for the differential diagnosis of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisoning in birds. PMID- 7271961 TI - Surgery for adolescent hallux valgus. AB - Attention is directed to the large number of operations for the correction of hallux valgus in the adolescent and important variations among the most popular surgical procedures, as well as the factors influencing the outcome of these operations. A consistently reliable operation is the modified Wilson procedure, a metatarsal shaft osteotomy. Its merits are its technical simplicity, minimal damage to soft tissue, and pleasing correction of deformity. The operation narrows the forefoot, relaxes soft tissues, and maintains excellent mobility of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. PMID- 7271960 TI - [Differences in strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus with respect to the sensitivity of their hemagglutinins to the action of detergents]. AB - Tick-borne encephalitis virus strains (TBE) differ in sensitivity of their hemagglutinating properties (HA) to the detergents: giamine 10-x triton X-100, bridge-58, sodium deoxycholate. These characteristics of different sensitivity to detergents were stable in virus passages in mice and apparently may be used as markers in comparative studies of different strains. PMID- 7271959 TI - Facilitation of recovery from ischemic brain damage in rabbits by polymeric prostaglandin PGBx, a mitochondrial protective agent. AB - Administration of polymeric prostaglandin PGBx to rabbits after a 20-minute period of almost total obstruction of blood flow to the brain resulted in marked improvement of recovery from brain damage as measured by recovery of brain function. This beneficial effect of PGBx on recovery from acute ischemic tissue damage, analogous to that observed in cardiac tissue of monkeys, may be due to the positive effect of PGBx on phosphorylation in damaged mitochondria as observed previously in vitro. A convenient surgical technique for producing reversible cerebral ischemia in rabbits was developed for and used in this pharmacological study. PMID- 7271962 TI - A new study of intrauterine synechiae. AB - This study is based on a series of 37 hysteroscopies performed in the knee-chest on patients undergoing culdoscopy as part of an infertility work-up. Local anesthesia was used for the two procedures. All the patients had a thorough infertility work-up that was completely negative. Ruled-out by hysterogram prior to the procedure were congenital abnormalities of the uterus, endometrial polyps, and submucous myomas. There were several different types of endometrial scars in nine patients and this was the only intrauterine pathology discovered. They were intrauterine synechiae typical of the Asherman's syndrome in four cases, cesarean section scars in two, adhesions due to an infected IUD in two, and in one patient there were vertical linear scars secondary to an endometrial biopsy. In this study, the hysterogram was particularly accurate in predicting major endometrial abnormalities, but specific evidence as to the type of minor intrauterine pathology had to be obtained with a hysteroscope. The firmer adhesions that were not of the Asherman's type were difficult to remove and could not be broken up with a hysteroscope. The types of scar visualized are described in some detail. Intrauterine synechiae probably derive ultimately from any type of trauma to a decidual or predecidual endometrium and need not be pregnancy related. PMID- 7271963 TI - GABA binding to dendrodendritic synaptosomal membranes from rat olfactory bulbs. PMID- 7271964 TI - Non-stepwise methods in the preparation of building blocks for polynucleotide synthesis. AB - Oligonucleotide fragments of the general sequence ABn, BnC and ABnC as building units for polynucleotide synthesis can be obtained by three types of reactions, namely the sequence-specific co-condensation of nucleic acid constituents, the sequence-specific degradation of copolymers and the limited addition of nucleotides to primers. Examples for these reactions are described and the scope and application of the approach discussed. PMID- 7271965 TI - Adaptation of the visual vertical during prolonged body tilt varies with susceptibility to motion sickness. AB - Judgments of the visual vertical, made without a visual reference frame-work, from a tilted-body position, result in systematic constant errors (Aubert effects). Pitblado and Mirabile (1977) showed that these errors vary with motion sickness susceptibility, persons of intermediate susceptibility showing the greatest error. Recent exploratory work suggested patterns of progressive intra session change in Aubert effects which might further differentiate groups of differing susceptibility. The raw data for Pitblado and Mirabile's 1977 study were reanalyzed for possible progressive change. This new analysis showed significant progressive reductions in Aubert effects for groups originally high and low, but a nearly significant increase in the intermediate group. New implications concerning group differences in vestibular function are discussed. PMID- 7271966 TI - Does brightness contrast really affect the Mueller-Lyer illusion. AB - Several writers have hypothesized that the Mueller-Lyer illusion is influenced by brightness contrast between figure and background. According to them, lateral inhibition in the retina causes displacement in Mueller-Lyer figures at the intersections of lines. They argue that the strength of the displacement varies with brightness contrast between the background and the figure, and they cite research by Pollack and others for support. The experiments reported here show that the Mueller-Lyer illusion is no more affected by changes in contrast than are judgment of single straight lines. These results are not consistent with the view that lateral inhibition in the retina has an effect on the illusion. PMID- 7271968 TI - The field of primary prevention. PMID- 7271967 TI - Accuracy of patient interviews and estimates by clinical staff in determining medication compliance. PMID- 7271969 TI - Resolving role conflict: an interdisciplinary approach. PMID- 7271970 TI - Development of total artificial heart. PMID- 7271971 TI - Animal models of parkinsonism. PMID- 7271972 TI - [Drawing up contracts under general trade conditions: "Sale of animals and veterinary examination"]. PMID- 7271973 TI - [The primary nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 7271974 TI - [Chronic peritoneal dialysis in childhood]. AB - Peritoneal dialysis, used initially (1923) for the management of acute renal failure, became obsolete very soon, because of its infectious complications. Due to this and because of the successful advent of hemodialysis with the artificial kidney in the 40's, peritoneal catheter of indefinite tolerance came into use. This circumstance allowed the use of peritoneal dialysis in the management of chronic uremia. At the onset, it was used intermittently within the hospital and the dialysant solutions were changed by the medical staff. Subsequently, a continuous ambulatory scheme developed, where 4 to 5 changes are dialy made outdoors by the patient or his relatives which cuts down costs and allows more freedom of action and better feeding. Peritonitis still remains as a disadvantage; however, its incidence has dropped because of technical improvements of the equipment. It is concluded that peritoneal dialysis, but specially with the ambulatory scheme, offers a great rehabilitation potentiality for the uremic child. PMID- 7271975 TI - [Body constitution in children in Cuentepec, Morelos]. AB - A somatometric estimation of the body constitution was made in 87 females and 72 males applying the values of weight and height, the muscle circumference and medial section of the left arm and fat area of that section. The material represented 28.57 and 23.61% respectively of the total number of the 5 to 19 years-old inhabitants of the Nahua community of Cuentepec, Morelos. Weight and height, -but specially the latter-were impaired, both in males as in females, but more markedly in the latter. The weight as expected for the height was not affected. The behavior of the total area of the arm was quite similar to that of the body weight. In contrast, in females under 14 years old, the muscle area of the arm was located as an average, slightly below the limits of normality; subsequently, it was normal. In males it was significantly lower than in females. The fat area was the most deteriorated and the defect was persistently greater in females than in males. All this means protection mechanisms of the active tissue mass (homeorrhesis) leading to a greater resistance in females, but at the same time, being responsible for a decrease in magnitude of the somatometric expression of the sexual dimorphism. PMID- 7271976 TI - [Prognosis of nephrosis]. AB - Renal biopsy, the introduction of immunohistologic methods and electron microscopy have allowed the differentiation of clinicopathologic entities associated to nephrotic syndrome. Two main categories must be differentiated: in the first, diffuse lesions of the glomerulus, including those secondary to specific diseases the same as those that are apparently primary, are responsible for the increased permeability of glomerular capillaries. Any one of the following clinical signs suggests this category: acute onset with nephritic syndrome, moderate nephritic syndrome, moderate nephrotic syndrome, gross hematuria, persistent hypertension and/or renal failure, poor selectivity of proteinuria and drop in complement serum levels (C3). In the second category, known as idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, the mechanism of disorder of the glomerular capillary is unknown and the nephrotic syndrome is more marked. In most cases with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, minimal glomerular lesions (MGL) are present. The clinicopathologic correlation among these three types of lesions shows that the type with MGL is characterized by selective proteinuria, absence of hematuria, good response to corticosteroids and good outlook; whereas in types with diffuse mesangial proliferation (DMP) and segmentary sclerosis, proteinuria is frequently non selective, hematuria shows in 50 to 75% of the patients; prognosis is poor. However, MGL, DMP and focal segmentary glomerular sclerosis are not different entities, but represent variants of the same disease. Considering that corticosensitive nephrosis to this moment is the most common cause of the nephrotic syndrome, especially in children under 8 years, renal biopsy should be done only under two circumstances: a) when the clinical symptoms suggest diffuse glomerular lesions and b), when resistance to corticosteroids becomes evident. PMID- 7271978 TI - [Typhoid fever in children under 2 years of age]. AB - Out of 130 children under 12 years of age with a diagnosis of typhoid fever, nine were under two years of age; the youngest was five months old. Six patients were males and the most frequent findings were: high fever, poor physical condition, vomiting, diarrhea, malnutrition, dehydration, meteorism, liver and spleen enlargement, cough, bleeding disorders and central nervous system abnormalities which were suggestive of sepsis. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed in all patients through the isolation of Salmonella typhi in blood cultures. The Widal reaction showed higher than 1/160 "O" and "H" agglutinin titers in five out of six patients in which it was performed. Neutrophilia was observed in all cases, with a shift to the left in five of them. Anemia was present in all of them. The following complications were found: hepatitis (1 case), hepatitis and meningitis (1 case), bronchopneumonia (1 case), and bleeding abnormalities (4 cases). Two of the patients died; the deaths were attributed to late diagnosis and insufficient antibiotic treatment. PMID- 7271979 TI - [Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft]. AB - Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft is a rare congenital anomaly that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any neonatal respiratory distress aggravated by feeding. Diagnosis is difficult, but can be made by roentgenographic and endoscopic techniques. Roentgenographic evidence of abnormal positioning of nasogastric tubes should arouse suspicion. Repeated bronchoscopy may be necessary to identify the defect. Immediate surgical repair is indicated. Incorporation of part of the esophageal wall into the repair may enhance success. Tracheostomy has been required in all survivors. The embryologic pathogenesis of the anomaly is discussed and it is concluded that the defect is found more often than is reported. We present the fifty-fourth case, the first associated to hypospadias in the world, and the first case in the Mexican literature. This child presented severe respiratory distress. Death occurred on the tenth neonatal day. PMID- 7271980 TI - [Arteriovenous fistula and thrombosis of the renal vein: complication of a surgical renal biopsy]. AB - Hematuria is the most common complication of renal biopsy. Other complications are less frequent, but some of them may be life threatening. Herein, we present a case or recurrent hematuria. Within one year, two renal biopsies were surgically performed in this patient. The histological diagnosis reported minimal change glomerular lesions. Complications arose after the second biopsy, with development of an abdominal mass in the left side with severe pain. IVP showed absence of dye excretion from the left kidney. Renal arteriogram showed an arteriovenous fistula in the lower pole and absence of venous circulation in the same side. This data was consistent with renal vein thrombosis. The fistula was a complication of the renal biopsy, and most likely, the renal vein thrombosis developed from the fistula. Both complications disappeared spontaneously, the patient is asymptomatic and the IVP is normal. We conclude that the renal biopsy is not a harmless surgical procedure and it is necessary to carry out a through evaluation in order to justify the necessity to perform it. PMID- 7271977 TI - [Primary nephrotic syndrome. Follow-up of 202 pediatric patients]. AB - Two hundred and two children with primary nephrotic syndrome were studied. Clinical features at onset and evolution were studied and correlated with microscopic findings and response to treatment. Histologic type and steroid response were correlated with urinary protein selectivity in a group of them. Mean follow-up (by the same group of nephrologists) was 6.6 years; 22% were followed for over 8 years. The presence of hematuria, hypertension and renal failure at onset and during the course of the disease were evaluated. 122 patients were steroid-responders, 64 of them had frequent relapses. After a mean follow-up of 6.3 years, 81% were on remission; 14% had transient proteinuria, and 5% developed persistent proteinuria with late resistance to steroid therapy. 80 children were steroid-resistant. Their mean follow-up period was 5.5 years (1.0 10.5 years). 65 of them were biopsied: 12 had minimal glomerular change; 27 focal and segmental sclerosis. 9 membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis, 4 focal and global sclerosis, 4 membranous nephropathy, 4 diffuse mesangial proliferation, 2 diffuse mesangial sclerosis and 2 were not classifiable. Hematuria had a prognostic value only when it was permanent or macroscopic. Urinary protein selectivity was measured in 43 patients, and C3 in 81; hypocomplementemia was found only in the 9 children with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. 8 children had tubular dysfunction: 7 had focal and segmental sclerosis, and 1 diffuse mesangial sclerosis; glycosuria and aminoaciduria were present in all 8, but only 4 of them had deficient urinary acidification. Secondary infections appeared in 42 patients; 19 were steroid-resistant and 23 steroid-responders, 17 of them showed frequent-relapses, 3 had localized thromboembolism. 23 children went into chronic renal failure and 17 of them died, 13 in end-stage renal failure and 4 because of complications. Their first biopsies showed minimal change in 1, focal and segmental sclerosis in 8, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 3, diffuse mesangial proliferation in 1, diffuse sclerosis in 2, and 2 were not classifiable. PMID- 7271981 TI - [Tubular acidosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinicopathological session A 76-132]. PMID- 7271982 TI - [Annual report on biostatistics and medical audit]. PMID- 7271983 TI - [Polyuria]. AB - Polyuria is an important clinical sign that may pass unnoticed to the relatives and to the physician. In this paper, the definition of polyuria and the pathophysiological bases that condition its presence are reviewed. Likewise, the causes of polyuria in pediatric ages are discussed; this allows the clinician to approach the diagnosis in a systematized and organized manner. Finally, the outstanding clinical and laboratory findings of the entities that usually go with polyuria are reviewed; some of them are: neurogenic diabetes insipidus, primary polydipsia, osmotic diuresis, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. PMID- 7271984 TI - Toward a neuroethology of mammalian vision: ecology and anatomy of rodent visuomotor behavior. AB - The great diversity of the niches inhabited by rodents, and the variety of the visual demands of these niches, present an excellent prospect for a comprehensive neuroethological analysis of rodent visuomotor behavior. To this end, rodent taxonomy is reviewed, with special attention to the multiple independent invasions of arboreal, terrestrial, fossorial and aquatic niches by distantly related rodent species. Current work on rat, gerbil and hamster is reviewed with emphasis on visual contributions to naturalistic behaviors such as exploration, foraging, predator detection and conspecific recognition. PMID- 7271985 TI - New methods for analysis of vision in the gerbil. AB - The visual behavior of gerbils has been studied by adapting natural behaviors such as food pursuit, aperture detection, barrier negotiation and ladder climbing. Methods are described for measuring detection and discrimination thresholds using visual orienting tasks. Furthermore, studies of size-distance constancy, anticipation of a moving target's trajectory, and optimal planning of barrier detours show the usefulness of film records for quantitative analysis of complex perceptual abilities. Finally, preliminary studies of gerbils following ablation of primary visual cortex indicate that some visuomotor abilities are cortically dependent. PMID- 7271986 TI - Organization of the rodent superior colliculus: some comparisons with other mammals. AB - The sensory and motor organization of the superior colliculus has been studied in a variety of mammalian species including rodent, lagomorph, carnivore and primate. Despite differences in the phyletic levels and ecological niches of these species, their colliculi show fundamental organizational similarities. It is suggested that these similarities reflect the retention of an organizational scheme which antedates the radiation of early mammals. PMID- 7271987 TI - Some observations on the functional organization of the golden hamster's visual system. AB - A selective review is provided of recent studies dealing with the functional organization of the golden hamster's visual system. Three main topics are considered: (a) the normal organization of the superior colliculus and visual cortex: (b) functional correlates of neonatal damage to the visual system; and (c) the influence of environmental manipulations upon collicular and cortical physiology. PMID- 7271988 TI - Organization of somatosensory input to the deep collicular laminae in hamster. AB - Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to delineate the sources of somatosensory input to the hamster's superior colliculus. Cells in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex and contralateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord, dorsal column nuclei, lateral cervical nucleus, internal basilar nucleus, nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract and deep layers of the superior colliculus were labeled following HRP injections centered in the deep tectal laminae. The response characteristics of somatosensory corticotectal, spinotectal and intertectal neurons were investigated with extracellular single unit recording methods and, with the exception of the fact that the receptive fields of corticotectal and spinotectal neurons were consistently smaller than those of cells recorded in the colliculus, the response characteristics of these neurons were quite similar to those of somatosensory neurons in the deep layers of the tectum. Lesions of the somatosensory cortex or dorsal half of the spinal cord were also combined with single unit recording in the colliculus to determine whether or not such damage altered the incidence and/or response characteristics of deep layer somatosensory cells. These lesions had no appreciable effect upon the functional organization of the deep tectal laminae. The implications of these results with regard to the convergence of visual and somatosensory information in the tectum are discussed. PMID- 7271989 TI - The normal organization of the lateral posterior nucleus in the golden hamster and its reorganization after neonatal superior colliculus lesions. AB - We have studied the normal organization of the hamster lateral posterior nucleus and its reorganization after neonatal superior colliculus lesions. First, we divided the lateral posterior nucleus into rostrolateral, rostromedial and caudal subdivisions and determined the normal distributions of terminals contributed to each division by the ipsilateral and contralateral superior colliculi, the ipsilateral posterior neocortex and the contralateral retina. Since the rostrolateral subdivision receives most of the projections from the ipsilateral superior colliculus, our studies concentrated on this region. The rostrolateral subdivision contains synaptic clusters formed primarily by medium-sized M terminals synapsing around a central dendrite. Electron microscopic observations showed that the majority of M-terminals are from the ipsilateral colliculus, although a few are contributed by the contralateral colliculus and retina. Therefore, after an ipsilateral neonatal colliculus lesion the synaptic clusters must develop in the absence of their major input. The next step was to examine the distributions of the remaining afferents to the rostrolateral subdivision in adult animals which had received ipsilateral neonatal colliculus lesions. In the cases, the normally restricted projection fields of the contralateral colliculus and the retina expand until they share a border in the rostrolateral subdivision. In contrast the cortical projection, which normally extends throughout the lateral posterior nucleus, is reduced in the region containing retinal terminals. At the ultrastructural level, we found morphologically normal synaptic clusters and showed the M-terminals now occupying the clusters are contributed by the remaining colliculus and the retina. The results suggested that the afferents to the lateral posterior nucleus normally compete for synaptic space and that this competition continues after a neonatal colliculus lesion. In our final experiments, we performed various combinations of neonatal lesions (bilateral superior colliculus, superior colliculus and retina, superior colliculus and cortex) and found that the remaining afferent expand their terminal fields still further in the absence of two inputs. PMID- 7271991 TI - Effect of natural background radiation on dermatoglyphic traits. AB - Long term exposure to natural background radiation could cause gross abnormalities in individuals and at the population level. Studies conducted on the coastal Kerala population which is known to be receiving fifteen times the normal permissible dose of radiation support this. This study aims at understanding the deviations, if any, in the normal human variation as a result of such high natural radiation. A detailed quantitative and qualitative dermatoglyphic study was done on two communities i.e. Hindus and Christians, living separately in the radiation area. The significant differences were observed between control and exposed groups with regard to d-t ridge count, distances c-t and angle atd. The susceptibility of the axial triradius to environmental distrubances is discussed. PMID- 7271992 TI - Phenylalanine tolerance test in parents of phenylketonurics. AB - Phenylalanine tolerance test was carried out in three parents of phenylketonurics and the results compared with the test carried out in control subjects. Compared to the controls, the parents showed a delayed clearance of phenylalanine levels in blood. The findings indicate that this test could be used to detect heterozygote carriers. PMID- 7271990 TI - Visual pathways and acuity hooded rats. AB - Three experiments on the effects of lesions of the visual system on contrast detection in hooded rats are described, in which the ability of rats to detect stationary high-contrast square-wave gratings of various fundamental frequencies presented in the central visual field was measured before and after operation. The results suggested the following conclusions: (i) The pathways from retina to striate cortex via dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) conveys information about high spatial frequencies sufficient for normal detection of these gratings, that is up to about 1 cycles/deg. It may be the only pathway to carry this information, and may thus play a unique role in the analysis of fine detail. The high-frequency information is probably relayed from striate cortex to extrastriate cortex, rather than to subcortical sites. (ii) The superior colliculus receives information from the retina up to at least 0.7 cycles/deg, which it then relays to extrastriate visual cortex, probably via the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. (iii) Neither the projections from superior colliculus to other, non-thalamic sites nor the remaining pathways from the retina (e.g. to ventral LGN) appear to carry contrast information higher than 0.3 cycles/deg. These sets of projections therefore do not appear to be used for precise analysis of stationary scenes. These findings suggest that there are considerable similarities between the visual systems of rats and other mammals with respect to the routing of information about stationary spatial contrast, and may help to explain the results of some experiments that have used tasks besides contrast-detection to assess the visual capacities of rats after lesions. PMID- 7271993 TI - On the determination of skeletal muscle types in Swiss albino mouse. AB - Biochemical characteristics of the red, white and intermediate types of muscles have been studied with regard to the alterations in their glycogen, acid and basic proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and SDH-activity, during the period of post-natal growth. The results of the investigation, which has been conducted on M, soleus, M. tibialis anterior and M. sartorius of Swiss albino mouse, indicate the predetermination of the biochemical characteristics of each muscle type with respect to the parameters studied and do not show post-embryonic differentiation. PMID- 7271994 TI - Biochemical genetics and mental retardation: a study of hemoglobins, Australia antigen and the enzymes pseudocholinesterase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The study reports results of investigations on hemoglobin, pseudocholinesterase, Australia antigen and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in 153 mental retardates and 161 controls. beta-thalassemia and the hemoglobin phenotype AS occurred more in patients. At the pseudocholinesterase locus, the patients had significantly higher frequencies of E1a and E1f (p less than 0.001). Mental retardation was found to be associated also with presence of Australia antigen and with G-6-PD deficiency. A model to explain these findings has been proposed. PMID- 7271995 TI - A proposed formulation of palmar patterns with special reference to Jatavs and other Indian populations. AB - Frequencies of patterns with triradii, that is, whorls, loops, and tented arches have been studied on palms of 58 males and 70 females of the Jatav population of Western U. P., India. It is demonstrated that simple presentation of pattern combinations on two hands permits evaluation of pattern frequencies simultaneously in individuals and on hands; derivation of average pattern value or number of loops per area, and computation of pattern intensity index for palms, which is related but not equal to the number of triradii. The bimanual, sexual and area-specific trends and their interrelations have been further elucidated by applying this method. The convention of recording frequencies of patterns and vestiges per hand lacks efficiency for clinical, genetical or anthropological analyses and overestimates sex difference. The present data have been broadly compared with published Indian material, eliminating subjective classes as far as practicable. PMID- 7271996 TI - Dental caries in the permanent teeth of the people of Gulbarga, Karnataka. AB - In a sample of 2,096 randomly selected individuals of both sexes (male, 1,097., female, 999) in Gulbarga, Karnataka, dental caries was observed in about 20% individuals. The inter-sex difference in the prevalence of caries was statistically insignificant. People of the upper income group (23.2%) were affected more than the middle (20.0%) and lower income groups (17.0%). Christians (23.4%) were affected more than Hindus (20.0%) and Muslims (15.8%). Nearly one third affected cases were in the age group 20-24 years. First molars of either jaw were more often affected than second and third molars. Mandibular first molars were affected maximum, followed by mandibular second, maxillary first and maxillary second molars. A toothwise study of caries-attack, by age, revealed increase in the frequency of carious teeth with increasing age. PMID- 7271998 TI - Life expectancy in ancient and modern man. AB - The life expectancy of man has got an elongation from prehistoric times until today. A distinct increase, however, is seen first in the middle of the nineteenth century and is leading back to a change of the socio-economic influences at that time. The sex-specific difference of the mortality rate changes somewhat earlier. From the neolithics up to the Middle Ages, there had been a higher death rate of the females, especially in the second and third decennium, and can be explained as a consequence of maternities. Also the infant mortality has changed in the past hundred years. Because of a better medical care the death could be lowered. PMID- 7271999 TI - Cyclopia with trisomy 13 under special consideration of dermatoglyphics and flexion creases. AB - Report on a case of cyclopia with trisomy 13 (Patau-syndrome with cyclopia completa microphthalmica) and survey of relevant cases published in literature are presented. In addition to a combination of dermatoglyphic patterns and flexion creases typical for trisomy 13, some--so far not described--varieties are shown, above all a missing triradius d on the left and additional digital flexion creases on three phalanges. The possibility that the last mentioned observation might rather be due to population differences is discussed. PMID- 7271997 TI - Ecogenetic studies of drug acetylation in man and rats. AB - Great intraindividual variation of N-acetyltransferase activity was found in human beings. Between nutritional factors and human or rat liver N acetyltransferase activity a correlation has been observed. The proportion of rapid acetylators in human population correlates to fish protein supply (p less than 0.01). Laboratory rats of different inbred and outbred strains displayed altered enzyme activities when they were fed with different "standard diets". Furthermore, N-acetyltransferase is inhibited by a lot of naturally occurring compounds. In rats N-acetyltransferase activity values are polymorphically distributed; acetylation activity seems to be controlled by a mechanism different from man. PMID- 7272000 TI - Beta 2-glycoprotein I--a Bi-Allelic polymorphism. AB - Population samples from Hungary and India have been typed for beta 2-glycoprotein I concentrations. Whereas the Hungarian sample is in fairly good accord with the genetic model set up by Cleve2-beta 2-glycoprotein I concentrations are controlled by two autosomal codominant alleles BgN and BgD-the Indian samples do not fit this model. Thus the Indian data favour the assumption of a more complex genetic mechanism controlling the serum concentration of this protein. PMID- 7272001 TI - Investigations on the changes of sex ratio in Germany from 1826 up to 1978. AB - The changes of the secondary sex ratio in Bremen (North Germany) from 1826 up to 1978 are compared with those of Germany in the period from 1872 to 1978. To some extent there are marked differences. The oscillation of the secondary sex ratio in Bremen is more extended in Germany. On the average in Bremen the values are lower in the 19th century than in the 20th. For Germany higher values are observed in the years between 1915 and 1959. The changes of reproductive performance, indicated by birth rate. Supposing that the primary sex ratio is dependent on the time of insemination within the intermenstruum, the same figures of monthly distribution of secondary sex ratio and birth frequency can be expected. In fact, the seasonal variations proved to be not significant and do not show the expected parallel figures. PMID- 7272002 TI - A report on the detection of placental acid phosphatase variants from Andhra Pradesh, South India. AB - 850 placental extracts were screened to detect the placental acid phosphatase variants among a few population groups of Andhra Pradesh, South India. Two new electrophoretic patterns were encountered, one among the Brahmins and the other among the Muslims. PMID- 7272003 TI - Inbreeding, mortality and genetic load in families with congenital heart diseases. AB - A total of 93 cases of congenital heart diseases (CHD) were studied for the effects of inbreeding on the incidence of these diseases. Sib mortality and genetic load in families with CHD were estimated. This study indicated (1) involvement of recessive genes in causation of CHD, (2) lack of inbreeding effects on sib mortality in CHD, and (3) the nature of genetic load to be segregational. PMID- 7272004 TI - The distribution of LH types in some North Indian populations. AB - Results of a twin study on the distribution of LH (a new red blood cell membrane specificity) and ABO blood types have been reported among the Jat Sikh, Khatri, Ramdasia and a sample of mixed Punjabis from North India. The LH types are distributed bimodally, albeit with varying frequencies, in individuals with blood types other than O, in whom only the LH+ type occurred. The results suggest that the LH system could be usefully employed in population genetic studies, particularly in association with the ABO system. PMID- 7272005 TI - The LH red blood cell membrane specificity in three South Indian populations. AB - 187 Gampasati Kamma, 120 Pokanati Reddi and 98 Tangala Mala from Andhra Pradesh were examined for the LH red blood cell membrane specificity. Significant differences were observed in regard to the distribution of LH specificity in all the three populations. The results have been compared with those on some North Indian populations. PMID- 7272007 TI - [Multicenter study on the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in Italy]. AB - Pneumococcal serotyping by quellung reaction has been performed in five Italian areas on 267 strains, isolated from throat swab, sputum, blood, liquor, etc. 37 serotypes have been identified. The most frequent types resulted 19, 6, 3, 20, 9, 4 (in 50% of total samples), with no difference from those detected in other European countries. The proportion of type 19 was the highest among all age group, in four out of five different areas and in bacteremic pneumonia and meningitis. 36 strains were isolated from infection sites among which type 19 resulted more frequent than in isolates from throat swab and sputum (27.7% versus 16.1%). Pneumococcal serotyping should be routinely done in the light of forthcoming use of polysaccharide vaccine. PMID- 7272006 TI - Serum protein polymorphisms in goitre. AB - Serum albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin and haptoglobin were studied in 50 patients with both toxic and non-toxic forms of goitre. Albumin was monomorphic in all cases and its amount was substantially lower than normal in two patients. Ceruloplasmin was both qualitatively and quantitatively normal in all patients. No genetic variants of transferrin were encountered but 22% of the patients had this protein, at levels barely detectable by electrophoretic means. Such cases of hypotransferrinaemia occurred oftener in patients with the toxic form of goitre than in those with the non-toxic one. The distribution of haptoglobin types in patients was much the same as in the control blood donors. However, the patients had a greater incidence of ahaptoglobinaemia. PMID- 7272008 TI - The estimation of extracellular protein production in detecting enterotoxigenic staphylococci. AB - 294 strains of staphylococci isolated from feces, throat and nasal swabs were assayed for production of enterotoxin, coagulase, thermostable deoxyribonuclease (thermonuclease) and high levels of global extracellular protein (ECP). The relationship observed among these biochemical features suggested that the determination of ECP can be an useful test in detecting enterotoxigenic staphylococcal strains which do not exhibit coagulase and thermonuclease production. In fact, among 17 strains which produced large amounts of ECP, but were coagulase- and thermonuclease-negative, 4 were found to be enterotoxigenic, while of 95 strains which produced low levels of ECP and were coagulase and thermonuclease-negative, none was enterotoxigenic. PMID- 7272009 TI - Beta-glucuronidase activity in Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Beta-glucuronidase activity has been investigated in 1,221 Enterobacteriaceae strains. The test, using p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide (pNPGlcU) agar culture, can be included easily in the routine Enterobacteriaceae biochemical assays. The test is discriminating for Enterobacteriaceae genera and species and useful for identification of some monophasic serotypes of Salmonella. PMID- 7272010 TI - Survival of genital mycoplasma on various bacteriological swabs and transport media. AB - An approach to diagnostic microbiology necessitates measures which maintain the flora unchanged during the transportation of the specimens to the laboratory, preserving the viability of labile and fastidious organisms such as mycoplasma. Some of these problems have been studied in the present investigation. Five different swabs (untreated, albu, charcoal, alginate and phosphate-buffered albumin) and three transport media (Stuart, Amies and MTB) were examined using genital mycoplasma. Absorbent effect of swabs treated with albumin is lower than all the others while the antimycoplasma activity, due to the toxic substances present in the fiber of tip swab, is always lower for the charcoal swab. Concerning transport media, the most favourable results were obtained with the MTB medium. In this medium M. hominis and U. urealyticum counts decreased about 0.5 log and M. fermentans decreased 1.25 log after seven days at 4 degrees C. Furthermore, after inoculation of mycoplasma, MTB can be frozen at -20 degrees C without greatly modifying the titer. The reasons of the different performance of transport media on mycoplasma survival were discussed. PMID- 7272011 TI - [A practical method for the observation of bacterial flagelli]. AB - Flagellar filaments traited with ferrotannic mixture and impregnated with ammoniacal silver solution, observed at microscope by reflected light, present a striking brightness and a neat aspect. We think that the constancy of the results obtained by this method, can facilitate in various experimental conditions, the study of bacterial flagella. PMID- 7272012 TI - Direct and serum-induced lymphocytotoxicity against rabbit hepatocytes in chronic active hepatitis. AB - The direct and the serum-induced lymphocytotoxicity against cultured rabbit hepatocytes were evaluated in 25 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (15 HBsAg+). Twelve out of fifteen HBsAg+ and nine out of ten HBsAg- patients have shown an increased cytotoxicity for rabbit hepatocytes. Moreover the sera of the same patients were able to induce a significant cytotoxicity in normal lymphocytes against rabbit hepatocytes. The addition of LSP was able to inhibit the cytotoxic reaction for rabbit hepatocytes in all cases with positive cytotoxic index. Indeed, the results we have obtained are the following. a) A significant lymphocytotoxicity for rabbit hepatocytes exists in patients with CAH, and this is unrelated to HBsAg status. b) A linear correlation ( r = 0.88; p less than 0.001) exists between the direct and the serum-induced lymphocytotoxicity in CAH hepatitis. c) The cytotoxicity to rabbit hepatocytes seems to be an antibody mediated process and the target antigen seems to be LSP. PMID- 7272013 TI - Measles antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients. AB - The Authors have assayed in this work the antimeasles antibodies in serum and CSF in subject affected by M.S. and controls. The M.S. patients have been subdivided in two groups with and without immunosuppressive therapy. In 27% out of 48 patients production intrathecal antimeasles antibodies was demonstrated. PMID- 7272014 TI - [Diminished in vitro colony forming capacity of bone marrow cells in a case of chromosome 8 trisomy (mosaicism): criteria for "high risk" pre-leukemia syndrome]. AB - A case has been described of Trisomy 8 mosaicism Syndrome. At onset the child presented with hyporegenerative anemia; the study of colony forming capacity in vitro (CFU) by Bone Marrow (B) and Peripheral Blood (PB) showed an abnormal colony formation by myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells. No immunological defects were discovered. The in vitro colony formation appears to have a definite role in the identification of patients who may be at higher risk of developing leukemia. The importance of 8 chromosome for hematopoiesis control is discussed. PMID- 7272015 TI - [Effects of glycerol-sodium ascorbate combination on cerebral blood flow in rabbits with intracranial hypertension]. PMID- 7272017 TI - [Pharmacokinetic and metabolic aspects of glycerin alone and in combination with sodium ascorbate]. PMID- 7272016 TI - [Osmotic diuretic effects of Deplema]. PMID- 7272018 TI - [Glycerin-vitamin C in the treatment of traumatic hyphema]. PMID- 7272019 TI - [Quantitative determination of chlortenoxazin using HPLC]. PMID- 7272020 TI - [Determination of paracetamol and oxyphenbutazone in plasma by high pressure liquid chromatography]. PMID- 7272021 TI - [Rapid determination, using HPLC, of sodium phenobarbital and its degradation products in syrup]. PMID- 7272022 TI - [N-Naphthacylimidazoles and N-((beta-naphthyl-beta-hydroxy)ethyl) imidazoles with anticonvulsant activity]. PMID- 7272023 TI - [Findings on the microbiological characteristics of pharmaceutical containers]. PMID- 7272024 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological activity of basic derivatives of N-aryl-N aroylamino acids]. PMID- 7272025 TI - [Esters of alpha-(1-phenyl-2,3-dimethylpyrazolin-5-on-4-ylhydrazone)propionic acid of pharmacological importance]. PMID- 7272026 TI - [High pressure liquid chromatography of various triamcinolone derivatives]. PMID- 7272028 TI - Decreased osmotic fragility of rat liver lysosomes after cycloheximide treatment. PMID- 7272029 TI - Spectral sensitivity of Phalangium opilio eyes. PMID- 7272030 TI - [Application of the biotic index and the diversity index to the study of macro benthons in a river]. AB - Using the Biotic Index and the Diversity Index the results are analysed of a study of the macrobenthic community sampled in the course of one year at three stations along he lowest-lying stretch of the River Simeto. The results obtained from applying the two different indices are not in perfect agreement one with the other. Whereas with the Biotic Index one could be led to consider the fluvial environment situation a good one, the Diversity Index shows the environment to be partially compromised by organic substances. On the basis of results of chemico physico-microbiological analyses as well as data concerning the nutritive habits of the species found, we conclude that the Diversity Index is a more suitable instrument for measuring the biological reality of the Simeto. PMID- 7272031 TI - [Heavy metal concentrations in various species fished from the Gulf of Catania]. AB - The AA report the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg found in fish, crustaceans and mollusca fished in a zone of the coast to the south of the city of Catania. The results obtained show that among the fish the species with the highest concentrations of all the metals investigated, but excluding mercury, is Boops boops (bogue) followed by Trachurus mediterraneus (horse mackerel), whereas the species showing least concentrations is Pagellus erythrinus (pandora). In many cases the concentrations of individual metals in our findings are higher than those given in the literature for the same species fished in other waters. PMID- 7272027 TI - Statistical research on the corrected circumference variations of some human arteries related to sex, side and age. AB - The corrected circumference of the common and internal carotid arteries, the subclavian arteries, the common, external and internal iliac arteries has been measured in 500 human fresh cadavers. The collected data have been statistically elaborated and the age power function (y = k x n less than 1) has been found. Generally no significant difference has been noticed between the right and the left side as well as between the two sexes. As a general statement, there is some evidence that the arterial circumference of considered vessels increases progressively with ageing. PMID- 7272032 TI - Structure - activity relationships in 1,4-benzodiazepines. AB - The antipentylenetetrazole activity of 35 benzodiazepines has been quantitatively correlated, according to the Hansch model, to the physico-chemical parameters of the substituents. The activities, in the series of compounds under examination, appear to be correlated in a quantitative way to the overall lipophilicity of the molecules and to the presence of highly electron-withdrawing substituents in positions 7 and 2'. PMID- 7272033 TI - Application of the Free-Wilson model to the analysis of the biological activities of a series of 1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-2-phenylpyrimidine antiallergy agents. AB - We have applied the Free-Wilson linear model to the analysis of activity data of a series of 1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-2-phenylpyrimidine derivatives which are antiallergy agents. A preliminary interpretation of the Free-Wilson coefficients, a(ij), in terms of linear free-energy related parameters suggests that biological activities in this series of compounds can be interpreted in terms of the resulting partition coefficient of the molecule, of the sum of the Hammett constants of substituents in positions 3, 4, 5 of the phenyl ring and of a dummy variable keeping into account the possibility of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. PMID- 7272034 TI - [Lipid peroxidation in the rat liver after acute inflammation induced by carrageenan. I. Influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents]. AB - Oral administration of Indomethacin (3 mg/Kg) and Phenylbutazone (200 mg/Kg) induces an increase of TBA reacting substances (TBArs) by total liver homogenates, while treatment with Ibuprofen(200 mg/Kg, os) does not affect the susceptibility of liver tissue to lipid peroxidation. The former compounds do not influence the pro-oxidant action of CCl4 (1,0 ml/Kg, os) as evaluated "in vitro", whereas Ibuprofen appears to limit the extension of the TBArs production induced by the halomethane. The acute inflammatory state determined by carrageenan injection in the rat hind paw does not interfere with the peroxidative derangement found "in vitro" neither in the presence or in the absence of the all mentioned chemicals. Carbon tetrachloride (1,0 ml/Kg, os) is able in depressing significantly the rat paw oedema provoked by carrageenan, but does not potentiates the anti-inflammatory action of non-steroid agents. PMID- 7272035 TI - [Behaviour of thymus mast cells in the rat under various experimental conditions]. AB - The distribution and the histochemical characteristics of the mastocytes of the thymus of postpuberal rats have been studied, in different experimental conditions (control, castrated, castrated and treated with testosterone propionate). The obtained results may be summarized as follows: 1) The mastocytes are located in the thymic capsule and in the connective septa. Among the parenchymal cells, mastocytes have been never observed. 2) In the thymus of castrated rats the total number of mastocytes is statistically significantly reduced. 3) In the thymus of the rats castrated and treated with testosterone, the total number of the mastocytes, in comparison to the castrated rats, increases in a statistically significant way. 4) No evidence has been found of a genesis of mastocytes from the parenchymal thymocytes. PMID- 7272036 TI - [Mast cells in rat lymph nodes]. AB - The histochemical and ultrastructural features of mastocytes have been studied in rat parathymic, para-aortic, inguinal and mesenteric lymph nodes. 1) In the parathymic lymph nodes, as well as in the lymph nodes of other sites in the body, all the stages of evolution of mastocytes may be detected, related to a progressive sulfation of the granular mucopolysaccharides. 2) It can be suggested that in the rat lymph nodes a genesis of mastocytes, probably from undifferentiated mesenchymal elements, might occur. No evidence have been found of a possible origin of mastocytes from lymphocytes. 3) The number of mastocytes and the extent of process of maturation of these cells in quite variable in relation to the different functional conditions of the lymph nodes. PMID- 7272038 TI - [Tactile recognition and cognitive tasks. Preliminary results]. AB - In a basic experiment, a tactual recognition task was given to 28 normal blindfolded subjects. The subject were asked to explore the stimuli with the left or the right hand, and to choose out of 4 cavities the target form. Two cognitive concurrent tasks varied in terms of their verbal (left hemisphere) and non-verbal (right hemisphere) attributes were then given to other two groups of subjects (both of 24 Ss) performing the basic task. A consistent right hemisphere advantage was obtained in experiment I. For the non-verbal condition left hand performance was disrupted as well as for the concurrent verbal task condition. These findings were interpreted in terms of brain lateralisation of cognitive functions. For the "verbal" condition the results suggests that in case of a different task difficulties the normal mode of operation of the hemispheres is one of cooperative interaction, affecting, in this case, the hemisphere doing the processing. PMID- 7272037 TI - [The presence of trace quantities of aluminum in dialysates as a risk factor in peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 7272040 TI - [Preliminary findings on tumor cells in various organs of rats after transplantation of Yoshida hepatoma ascites cells]. AB - In previous papers the techniques for the study of the migration pattern of tumor cells through the host tissues were described. In the present communication studies utilizing Yoshida ascitic tumor cells are referred. Neoplastic cells morphologically identified were counted in several organs at various times of the development of the tumor transplantation. This method appears to provide interesting indications about the dynamics of the neoplastic spread through the tissues. PMID- 7272039 TI - [The vestibular nuclei as the integration center of central and peripheral afferent projections]. AB - Responses of individual vestibular units were recorded in cat following electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex and peripheral nerves. Convergence of central and peripheral inputs were recorded from 28 out of 75 cells (37%), localized in the lateral vestibular nucleus. The most important inputs to vestibular neurons come from the areas of sensorimotor cortex and peripheral nerves concerned with the same limb. However, crossed effects were observed in a limited number of vestibular neurons. PMID- 7272041 TI - [Blood sugar and the hematocrit: relation to acclimatization at 4560 m. altitude]. AB - We had intended to study the relation between glycemia and hematocrit during high altitude acclimatization (Morococha, Peru-4560 m) and to observe if, subsequently to an increase of hematocrit, glycemia should become lower. From obtained results upon 176 hematologic observations of glycemia, hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte production, on 38 healthy European subjects (27-58 years aged), it doesn't result, from the first analysis, the existence of this relation. We reserve ourselves, in any case, to accomplish further tests, such as insulinemic dosage for evaluating pancreatic activity. PMID- 7272043 TI - [Platelet function in the dog]. AB - Platelet aggregation with Born test was performed in 9 normal dogs. ADP, Epinephrine and Collagen were employed to stimulate platelets. With ADP, canine platelet aggregation was lower than human platelet aggregation, while, with Epinephrine and Collagen, aggregation was similar to that obtained with human platelets. Therefore the dog might be a model to study pharmacological interactions on platelet function. PMID- 7272044 TI - [Variations in the plasma concentration of ornithine, citrulline and arginine in acute experimental liver failure]. AB - In pigs with acute hepatic failure, induced by one stage hepatic devascularization, plasma amino acids pattern changes markedly. Besides an increase in aromatic amino acid and a decrease in branched chain amino acid levels, urea cycle amino acids levels change. The content of ornithine and citrulline is enhanced, while arginine level drops down dramatically within six hours after surgery. These observations suggest that an enrichment of the arginine content of amino acids solutions recently proposed for the therapy of the hepatic encephalopathy might be useful. PMID- 7272042 TI - [Determination of maximal anaerobic potential]. PMID- 7272045 TI - [Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in cultures of embryonic fibroblasts: effect of nutritional factors and developmental age]. PMID- 7272046 TI - [Effects of a tryptophan load on brain levels of serotonin in normal and diabetic rats]. AB - The changes of brain tryptophan and 5-HT levels have been explored in the diabetic rat during the first hour after an intraperitoneal load of tryptophan. The obtained data confirm that diabetes decreases the basal levels of tryptophan but not those of 5-HT. Also, it has been shown that diabetes remarkably depresses the rate of the aminoacid accumulation and almost completely inhibits the rise of 5-HT after the tryptophan load. PMID- 7272047 TI - [Parathyroid hormone levels in the aged]. AB - PTH is tested in 36 normal subjects over 65 years. A radioimmunoassay is used, which needs a bovine antiserum produced against COOH terminal fragments of the hormone. Serum PTH level results normal in the elderly, and it doesn't show modifications also in the sub-groups, under and over 75 years. No modification is noted respect the sex, too. PMID- 7272048 TI - [Time course of blood glucose levels in rats after intraperitoneal injection of a dose of serotonin]. AB - The injection of 20 mg/Kg of serotonin intraperitoneally, in rats, elicits a progressive and marked increase of blood glucose after 30, 60 and 90 minutes. These results, according with previous experiments of the same authors, put yet in evidence that the serotonin has a clear influence on glucose metabolism. PMID- 7272049 TI - [Alkylation of 6-benzyl-5H-dibenzo(d,f)-(1,3)diazepine]. AB - The alkylation of 6-benzyl-5H-dibenzo(d,f)-(1,3)diazepine (I) with propyl iodide and dimethylaminopropyl chloride in dimethylformamide solution and in the presence of sodium amide was investigated. In both instances the alkylation affected the methylene of benzyl group instead of the cyclic imino group, however the dimethylaminopropyl derivative does not stand the working up conditions, giving place to 2-amino-2'(alpha-phenyl-delta-dimethylamino)valerylamino-biphenyl (III). PMID- 7272050 TI - [The use of selective detector gas chromatography in the analysis of opiate in urine]. PMID- 7272051 TI - [Effect of iodoacetamide on cell-cell adhesion of fibroblasts in the rat]. AB - The -SH groups of rat fibroblasts of cell-coat were blocked with Iodacetamide. This substance interferes negatively on the homologous intercellular adhesion of the tested cells, with a proportional effect related to the concentration used. The meaning of -SH groups on the cell-cell interactions is discussed. PMID- 7272052 TI - Decrease in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol with weight loss. PMID- 7272053 TI - [The effects of vitamin A on carcinoma of portio cervicis in organ culture]. AB - Vitamin A can transform, in vitro, keratinized, multilayered, non secretory epithelium of carcinoma of portio cervicis into a simple mucous-secreting epithelium in the 40% of explants. The different response of Vit. A action on carcinoma may be associated with a different sensibility to this substance. PMID- 7272054 TI - [The MVC2-MCH/RBC formula, a new linear function discriminating the thalassemia trait: its reliability and comparative values]. PMID- 7272055 TI - [Glycosaminoglycan composition of human chorio-amnion membrane in normal and pathological conditions]. PMID- 7272056 TI - [Glycosaminoglycan composition of chick embryo digestive tract during development]. PMID- 7272057 TI - Inhibition of in vitro keratinization of chick embryo skin cultured with hepatectomized rat serum. AB - In the present study organ cultures of 6 day-old chick embryo matatarsal skin were used to determine the effect of hepatectomized rat serum in modulating epithelial differentiation. Six day-old chick embryo skin, maintained in organ culture for 6-7 days with a medium containing adult rat serum, was seem to undergo differentiation and keratinization faster then in vivo. Epidermis cultured for 6-7 days with a medium containing partially hepatectomized rat serum does not differentiate and the squamous layer is absent. Studies with 3H-cystine show a sharp decrease in the labelled amino-acids incorporation in the cultures added with serum obtained after partial hepatectomy. PMID- 7272058 TI - Further researches on the action of hepatectomized rat serum on epithelial differentiation in chick embryo skin. AB - Skin explants obtained from 12-day old chick embryos, maintained in organ culture containing adult rat serum, show a lower epidermal growth in comparison with skin explants cultured with other adult animal serum; nevertheless the keratogeneous differentiation of the epidermal cell is evident. When the cultures are incubated with medium containing partially hepatectomized rat serum epidermal-cell differentiation and proliferation are absent. PMID- 7272059 TI - [4'-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-phenylalkanoic and -phenoxyalkanoic acids and corresponding N-oxides as potential anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 7272060 TI - [Lipofuscin granulations in hepatopancreas cells of Sepia O]. AB - Histochemical and fluorescence miccroscope (460 nm) studies have revealed the presence of lipofuscin granulations in he hepatopancreas of Sepia o. Autofluorescence characteristics and the colour of the lipofuscin were similar to those observed in the CNS of Sepia o. Further studies will be directed towards characterising the ultrastructure and cytotopography of the structures observed. PMID- 7272061 TI - [Presence of lipofuscin masses in the myocardium of Torpedo m]. AB - Using histochemical and fluorescence microscope techniques (400-470 nm) lipofuscin masses have been found in the myocardium od Torpedo m., thereby confirming that the senescence pigment is a debris material. Future studies will better characterise the ultrastructure and the biochemical composition of these masses. PMID- 7272062 TI - [Effect of levamisole on changes in the of hepatic RES induced by chronic ethanol poisoning]. AB - Hepatic RES is depressed in chronic alcholic intoxication and we have previously observed a significant reduction of killing of E.coli by the Kupffer cells of the isolated rat liver. In the present study rats treated with ethanol for 3 weeks, were given levamisole and then the clearance of E. coli, by the isolated liver, was followed. Levamisole 10mg/kg i.p. for 3 days, restored the depression of intracellular killing induced by ethanol. At the dosage of 2,5 mg/kg of levamisole this effect was not present. Changes of humoral factors were not involved in the phenomenon because sera from untreated anaimals were present in the perfusate for all sets of experiments. PMID- 7272063 TI - Biliary excretion of simultaneously administered bilirubin and chenodeoxycholic acid in rats. AB - Crystalline bilirubin and chenodeoxycholic acid were administered intravenously and intraduodenally respectively in 19 anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats in order to verify whether there exists an interference between their biliary excretion. When these two compounds were administered together, the biliary excretion of bilirubin and bile salts was significantly reduced the conjugation of bilirubin was not impaired while bile flow remained constant during the whole exerpimental period. These data seem to indicate a mutual interference between chenodeoxycholic and bilirubin metabolisms. It could be admitted that the excretory step is involved in determining the observed modifications. PMID- 7272064 TI - Biliary excretion of simulateously administered bilirubin and chenodeoxycholic acid in rats with porta-caval shunt. AB - Portacaval shunting influences several metabolic processes of the liver. The aim of this work was to investigate whether bile salts and bilirubin reciprocally interfere with their biliary excretion in this experimental condition. 12 male Sprague-Dawley porta-caval shunted rats received simultaneously crystalline bilirubin (intravenously) and chenodeoxycholic acid (intraduodenally) 20-26 days after intervention. The biliary excretion of these two compounds was then studied. The results seem to indicate that there exists a mutual interference between bile salt and bilirubin excretion in the bile; moreover it is suggested that porta-caval shunting plays a secondary role in determining the observed interaction between bilirubin and bile salts metabolism in the liver. PMID- 7272065 TI - [Pharmacological influences on the brain level and transport of GABA. I) Effect of various antipileptic drugs on brain levels of GABA]. AB - The effects of some antipileptic drugs on the level of GABA in the mouse brain was studied using standardized chromatographic methods. Diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine determined a marked increase of the cerebral GABA level, whereas phenobarbital, diazepam a,d clonazepam were without effect. The results seem to indicate that diphenyihydantoin and carbamazepine, by increasing the GABA level, may act through an enchancement of the GABA-ergic transmission. PMID- 7272066 TI - [Pharmacological influences on the brain level and transport of GABA. II) Effect of various psychoactive drugs on brain level and uptake of GABA]. AB - The effects of some psychoactive drugs on the level and uptake of GABA in the mouse brain was studied using well standardized procedures, mainely the silica gel cromatography for determining the GABA content and the brain slices for measuring GABA uptake. It was found that levomepromazine, sulpiride, haloperidol and amytryptiline were without effects on the cerebral level of GABA; it was also found that these drugs do not influence the rates of uptake of GABA by mouse brain slices. Such results do indicate that the psychoactive drugs studied are without effects on the level and uptake of GABA in the brain. PMID- 7272067 TI - Neuroexcitatory properties of kainic acid. I) Electroencefalographic changes following intracerebral microinjections in behavioural rats. Preliminary note. AB - Microdoses of kainic acid injected into dorsal hippocampus, into striatum and into substantia reticularis pontis cause specific epileptic-like patterns associated with neuronal degeneration. Epileptic patterns seem to be dose-related and depend on the injected brain areas. PMID- 7272068 TI - Neuroexcitatory properties of kainic acid. II) Neuronal damages following intracerebreal microinjections in behavioural rats. AB - Microinjection of low doses of kainic acid, a neurotoxic analogue of glutammate, in different brain areas (striatum, hippocampus, substantia reticularis pontis) induces neuronal damages in injected and distant areas. Particularly severe neuronal damages have been observed in striatum and CA3 hippocampal area; neuronal degeneration has also been observed in substantia nigra following kainic acid infusion into the substantia reticularis pontis. PMID- 7272069 TI - [Experimental research on the toxicity of PVC administered orally]. AB - The AA. report the results of two experiments carried out on 24 rats Wistar treated with PVC dust ingestion. A group received 1 g of PVC dust in distilled water for only 15 days; the second group received PVC dust mixed with standard food almost 5 months till to 15 months. Pathological findings consist in marked hyperplasia of gastro-enteric mucosa, with polipoidfigures, and in a marked activation of pulmonary linforeticular tissue with cellular atipias. In one case a subcutaneous histiocytic lymphoma was observed. PMID- 7272070 TI - [Inhibition of demand pacemakers by muscular electric potentials]. PMID- 7272071 TI - [Correlation between the Q-T interval and ventricular arhythmias in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7272072 TI - [Usefullness of the vectorcardiographic findings of posterior necrosis]. PMID- 7272073 TI - [Correlation between arteriography and determination of pressure gradients with the Doppler method in peripheral obstructive arteriopathies]. PMID- 7272074 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarct: results of the first 5 years of activity]. PMID- 7272075 TI - [Polycardiography in hypertensive heart disease]. PMID- 7272076 TI - [Systemic pulmonary circulation: hemodynamic abd abguigraphic aspects]. PMID- 7272077 TI - [Area of the ischemic lesion in acute myocardial infarct: critical review of the use of vasodilator agents]. PMID- 7272078 TI - [Intact coronary vessels with a left ventricular aneurysm of probable traumatic origin in a 20-year-old man]. PMID- 7272079 TI - [Value and limitations of the pattern of left ventricular contraction in dilative primary myocardiopathy]. PMID- 7272080 TI - [Spontaneous regression of chronic atrial fibrillation with establishment of atrial atrial rhythm]. PMID- 7272081 TI - [A case of severe transitory postural hypotension]. PMID- 7272082 TI - [Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 7272083 TI - [Dynamic exercise with the bicycle ergometer in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension after induction of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis]. PMID- 7272084 TI - Morpho-histochemical changes at the finger tip preterminal circulation in liver cirrhosis. AB - Biopsy of the finger tip in 42 cases of cirrhosis of the liver showed: a) aspecific changes in type II, group B AVA's, with pictures characterized by unusual perisegmentary neofibrillopoiesis; b) areas of fibrinoid necrosis, indicative of the general participation of connective tissue in the cirrhogenic process. PMID- 7272085 TI - Morphological microcirculatory aspects in chronic uremia. AB - A fingertip biopsy was made in 18 patients affected by chronic uremia, in order to study the histangic changes. Partial occlusion of the blocking devices, capillary dilation and regressive changes in sensitive corpuscles, especially in Vater-Pacinian ones, were observed. The incidence of dermal necrosis and of calcium deposits was also high. PMID- 7272086 TI - Radioisotopic microassay of adenosine deaminase in human lymphocytes. AB - A radioisotopic method for a rapid assay of adenosine deaminase in human lymphocytes is proposed here. [2-3H] adenosine, as substrate, has been employed for the enzymatic assay. The products of reaction have been resolved by thin layer chromatography on PEI cellulose. The plates were developed with distilled water and inosine spots absorbing in the U.V. were eluted with 0.1 N HCl. The eluates obtained from the inosine spots were employed for radioactive measurements. PMID- 7272088 TI - Induction of pseudo-pregnancy in Saccobranchus fossilis and cytomorphological assay of anomalies. AB - Pseudo-pregnancy was induced in S. fossilis fish with Progynon and the consequences were studied with special emphasis to the assay of anomalies, on the cytomorphological level. Anomalies included profuse clumping, precocious despiralization and stickiness. PMID- 7272087 TI - Isolation of glycogen from buffalo liver. AB - The glycogen has been isolated from buffalo (Bos Bubalus bubalis) liver, purified several-fold, and characterized to compare with rabbit and oyster glycogen. Once purified buffalo glycogen has been found to contain 1.3% protein, 0.16% nitrogen, 0.69% phosphorous, no lipids, and nucleic acids sufficient to cause absorption at 260 mu. The buffalo glycogen may be used as a potential substitute for rabbit and oyster glycogen after two-or three- purifications and a treatment with DEAE cellulose. PMID- 7272089 TI - Different lipid effects on hematic cholesterol. AB - Literature fully reports that a polyunsaturated fatty acids suitability reduces cholesterolaemia levels. Many authors regard as very useful for the same purpose phospholipid intakes; certainly this event requires LCAT availability too. In this work we have tried to check EFA, phospholipid and different mixtures of both effects on rat's cholesterolaemia. The research was divided in two tests (3 days long the first, 60 days long the second); the best results for mentioned steroid control, were not proportional as one could suppose, but the effect was positive only for a particular range of mixtures. The achieved results may be explained with an extremely favourable substrata availability, both for quality and amount. PMID- 7272090 TI - Isoelectric focusing, and other physical, kinetic properties of GOT isoenzymes isolated from sera of myocardial infarction patients. PMID- 7272091 TI - Lymphocyte response to colonic antigen its role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7272092 TI - The behaviour of antitoxoplasmic antibodies during pregnancy. AB - The authors have studied the antitoxoplasmic antibody behaviour longitudinally in a sample of pregnant women and in one of nonpregnant women, all of them not affected by an active infectious process. No significant difference has been found between the various pregnancy trimesters. The antibody titre in non pregnant women has proved significantly higher than in the pregnant ones. In a sample of 131 women it has been found that the antibody titre before pregnancy is significantly higher than the one present in the first trimester. The authors conclude that during pregnancy the antitoxoplasmic antibody level is lower as compared to the one of non-pregnant women; and this phenomenon implies various hypothese calling for further discussion. PMID- 7272094 TI - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. AB - In this note we described the E.L.I.S.A. test, applied to diagnostic of Toxoplasmosis, at short period of reaction. The reading has been made with naked eye. The examined sera have been previously titred to the Dye test. The authors have been able to establish the antigenic dilution as well as the short period of the best reaction to carry on the E.L.I.S.A. PMID- 7272093 TI - Lysosomal enzyme activity in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells from intact and partially hepatectomized rats. AB - Using hepatectomized rats it was shown that immediately after partial liver removal (PLR) the Kupffer macrophages were accumulated in liver remnant. At the maximal mitotic activity (36 hours following PLR) the relative amount of Kupffer cells keeps low, but 72 hours later turns out to be higher again. The periodic changes of the Kupffer cell amount in hepatectomized rats are accompanied by remarkable increase (1.5-3 fold) of free and total lysosomal enzyme activity (acid DNA-ase, acid RNA-ase, cathepsin D). The activation of the Kupffer macrophage lysosomes goes ahead of labilization of hepatocyte lysosomal membranes. The blockade of mononuclear phagocyte system by means of carbonate iron overloading in the early prereplicative period leads to an as long as 10-12 hours retardation of hepatocyte proliferation. The role of Kupffer macrophages in reparative liver regeneration is discussed. PMID- 7272095 TI - [Normal-pressure hydrocephalus: diagnosis and indication for shunt surgery (author's transl]. PMID- 7272096 TI - [Effect of acute arterial hypertension on ischemic brain--an experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272098 TI - [Superimposition alpha-autoradiography for basic study of neutron capture therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Since Locher suggested the possibility of neutron capture therapy, a number of investigators have been making efforts to establish clinical application of this treatment. For success of this therapy one of the keys is to develop a proper boron compound with selective accumulation and high concentration in the tumor. So far, sodium mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate, Na2B12H11SH is the best candidate for this purpose with its high concentration and selectivity shown by chemical analysis. Nevertheless, histological study of boron uptake to know fine distribution in tissue is inevitable for evidence of effectiveness of clinical therapy. Cytological effects in neutron capture therapy largely depend on close association of B-10 with the tumor cell. B-10, being non-radioactive isotope, can not be used as a tracer for autoradiographical study of boron distribution in tissue. Instead, alpha particles produced by (n, alpha) reaction can be used for autoradiography which demonstrates not only location of boron in tissue but tracks by alpha particles expected to occur in actual neutron irradiation. Dielectric organic polymer has been calling attention for its ability to register heavy particles which was utilized for alpha autoradiography. Autoradiography by use of plastic film without nuclear emulsion has advantages; (1) simple procedures, (2) no darkroom needed, (3) a lower background obtainable, (4) little influence of temperature and moisture, (5) long standing material and so on. The disadvantage of this procedure is that tissue sections are easily damaged by strong alkalinity used for chemical etching. To solve this problem an overlapping histologic technique was worked out, permitting one to determine the relation of the heavy particle tracks to the intra and extracellular structures. Na2B12H11SH, a boron compound already in practical use, has been restudied by using this new technique. Autoradiograms showed favorable results with abundant alpha tracks over the tumor tissue in close relation to the cells and with very few tracks over the normal brain parenchyma. This technique is a useful means not only for further development of boron compounds but for other alpha emitters. PMID- 7272097 TI - [Morphological studies on tumors of the nasal cavity induced in rats by N nitrosopiperidine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272099 TI - [Studies of experimental oligodendroglioma with special reference to the ultrastructure and immunohistochemical localization of S-100 protein, GFA protein and galactocerebroside (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272100 TI - [Acute traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272101 TI - [Monstrous cell in malignant gliomas--in relation to radiation and chemotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - The pathological effects of irradiation and chemotherapy have been studied in 9 autopsy cases of malignant and low grade gliomas. The brains have been examined by means of the complete study technique. Many histological features have been related to surgery, grading of histological classification of gliomas, irradiation and chemotherapy. Following irradiation and chemotherapy, in addition to increased necrosis and vascular response, a variety of characteristics changes were observed in cell and nuclear morphology with prominent formation of monstrous cells in all of 5 malignant gliomas treated with nitrosourea. These monstrous cells had irregular and hyperchromatic multiple nuclei and showed cytoplasmic degeneration. These cells which had not direct relationship to vessels distributed both in the periphery of tumor or necrosis and in the white matter remote from the main tumor. These changes were more pronounced in autopsy than in biopsy. The features showed here indicate that the monstrous cells may appear due to the result of inhibition of tumor cell division at the late mitotic phase after irradiation and chemotherapy. PMID- 7272102 TI - [Continuous measurement of regional cerebral blood flow using krypton-81 m (author's transl)]. AB - In order to obtain sequential change of cerebral blood flow using the intracarotid 81mKr infusion method, we devised a new method by using the radiation from cervical internal carotid artery as the concentration of radioisotope in the blood perfused to the brain. Under continuous intracarotid injection of 81mKr, the radio activity obtained from the surface of the skull is proportional to the cerebral blood flow. However, since the method depends upon the infusion of a given volume of radioisotope per unit of time into the internal carotid artery, changes in the blood flow through the internal carotid artery result in changes in the concentration of radioisotope perfused to the brain. Under such conditions, the radioactivity obtained from the surface of the skull does not indicate the changes in blood flow. In such a case, the value obtained from the radioactivity (count rate) in the ROI of the brain divided by concentration of radioisotope in the blood perfused to the brain indicates the changes in cerebral blood flow. Our attention was drawn to the fact that the radioactivity measured from a constant area of the cervical internal carotid artery per unit of time is an indicator of the blood concentration of radioisotope following in the internal carotid artery, provided that, there are no changes in the size of lumen of internal carotid artery. According to this method devised by us, it had been possible to follow extremely short period changes in cerebral blood flow following CO2 inhalation, change of blood pressure (autoregulation) and administration of various drugs. PMID- 7272103 TI - [The effectiveness of anticonvulsant on immediate posttraumatic convulsion--an experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272104 TI - Self-inflicted stab wound causing aorto-right ventricular fistula. PMID- 7272105 TI - Congenital complete heart block and persistent ductus arteriosus associated with maternal systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7272106 TI - Giant aneurysm of membranous septum. Unusual cause of mediastinal mass. AB - A case of giant aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum which presented as a mediastinal mass is described. Aneurysms of the membranous septum are rare and usually found incidental to the main cause of the patient's complaints. They are most commonly associated with ventricular septal defects but can also be found in the presence of ventriculoarterial discordance, atrioventricular canal defects, and semilunar valve abnormalities. In patients presenting with a mediastinal mass which may be cardiac, full left and right heart catheterisation are necessary; a simple right heart study is inadequate. PMID- 7272107 TI - Echocardiography in Loffler's endocarditis. PMID- 7272108 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of common atrioventricular valves in univentricular hearts. AB - Twelve patients with univentricular heart and common atrioventricular valve were identified by two-dimensional echocardiography. Seven had an ostium primum atrial septal defect and five a common atrium. The common atrioventricular valve had the appearance of a free floating anterior leaflet flanked by two lateral leaflets. The position of the rudimentary chamber in relation to the atrioventricular valve was posterior in six and anterior in two; no chamber was identified in four. Two dimensional echocardiography provides a reliable method for the identification of common atrioventricular valve in univentricular heart. PMID- 7272109 TI - Rapid estimation of echocardiographic peak velocity of circumferential fibre shortening (peak Vcf). AB - A transparent grid for estimating peak Vcf directly from the echocardiograph recording is described. Estimates so obtained were compared with peak Vcf measurements made by an echocardiographic digitising technique and with the angiographic ejection fraction in 13 patients with normal left ventricular function and 17 patients with impaired left ventricular function. No patient had angiographic segmental wall motion abnormalities. Significant linear correlations were found between peak Vcf derived by the simple manual technique and peak Vcf determined by the digitising technique and also between peak Vcf derived by the simple manual technique and the angiographic ejection fraction. Peak Vcf derived by the simple manual technique was found to be a reliable predictor of ventricular function, being more than 1.4 circumferences/s in 11 of 13 patients with angiographic ejection fractions greater than or equal to 55% and less than 1.4 in 14 of 17 patients with angiographic ejection fractions less than 55% (sensitivity 82%, specificity 85%). Thus, peak Vcf is an echocardiographic index that can be estimated rapidly and accurately without the need for digitising equipment and is well suited to general clinical use. PMID- 7272111 TI - Ventricular septal defect in children born in Liverpool 1960 to 1969. Evaluation of natural course and surgical implications in an unselected population. AB - We have reviewed data on all patients born between 1960 and 1969 and registered in the Liverpool Registry of Congenital Malformations as having congenital heart disease. There were 385 with a ventricular septal defect as their sole or main cardiac lesion. Analysis of the available follow-up data showed that 50 of these were subsequently assigned in other diagnostic categories and a further 41 failed to fulfil our diagnostic criteria for a ventricular septal defect, leaving 294 patients for study. In view of the high incidence of small defects in asymptomatic infants and children not subjected to cardiac catheterisation, clinical criteria for the acceptance of the diagnosis were defined and 190 patients were included on these grounds alone. The clinical course, associated cardiac and non-cardiac defects, and surgical implications were analysed. The majority of defects were small and 31% closed spontaneously. Fifty per cent of the deaths in infancy were unrelated to the ventricular septal defect. We estimate that by present criteria only 15% of an unselected population of patients with a ventricular septal defect are likely to require surgical treatment. PMID- 7272112 TI - Cardiac vomiting. PMID- 7272110 TI - Hydraulic orifice formula for echographic measurement of the mitral valve area in stenosis. Application to M-mode echocardiography and correlation with cardiac catheterisation. AB - A mitral valve orifice equation has been formulated which allows the computation of mitral valve area (A) from the echographically measurable variables of stroke volume (SV) and diastolic filling period (DFP) in seconds per minute by the formula, A=21 (SV)/(DFP)2. Mitral valve areas computed from M-mode echographic measurements are shown to correlate with areas computed by the Gorlin formula (r 0.90) for resting state conditions of predominant mitral stenosis of clinical grades 2 to 4. The results suggest that, in the absence of wall motion irregularities, M-mode echocardiography can quantitatively assess the mitral valve area in stenosis. PMID- 7272113 TI - Congenital heart disease among 160 480 liveborn children in Liverpool 1960 to 1969. Implications for surgical treatment. AB - Among 160 480 children born alive between 1960 and 1969 in Liverpool, 884 patients with structural congenital heart disease were identified. Data on these patients have been reviewed in order to estimate the number likely to need cardiac surgery during childhood and adolescence. Though only 33.9% of patients had surgery, we estimate that if current policies for management were followed, 475 (53.7%) patients would not require surgery. Extrapolation of this data suggests that each year in England and Wales approximately 830 infants (1383 per million livebirths) will require cardiac surgery within the first year of life and a further 1424 operations (2374 per million livebirths) will be required in later childhood or adolescence. No attempt has been made to estimate the number of operations for congenital heart disease which may prove necessary in adult life. PMID- 7272115 TI - Atrioventricular conduction and right atrial volume in children with and without secundum atrial septal defects. PMID- 7272114 TI - Left atrial to coronary sinus fenestration (partially unroofed coronary sinus). Morphological and angiocardiographic observations. PMID- 7272116 TI - Reliability of systolic time intervals in diagnosis of transposition of great arteries in newborn. PMID- 7272117 TI - Systolic time intervals in chronic severe anaemia and effect of diuretic and digitalis. AB - Systolic time intervals were measured from simultaneous high speed recordings of the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, and carotid artery pulse in 15 men with chronic severe anaemia not in heart failure and with a normal heart size, and in 15 normal men. Heart rates, electromechanical systole (QS2), pre-ejection period index (PEPI), left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI), and the ratio of pre ejection period to left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) did not differ significantly in the two groups. After the intravenous administration of frusemide in 10 of the anaemic patients, the pre-ejection period index was prolonged, the PEP/LVET ratio increased, heart rate increased, and the left ventricular ejection time index shortened. Intravenous digoxin did not alter the QS2 interval and heart rate significantly in the anaemic subjects. Left ventricular function in chronic severe anaemia as measured by systolic time intervals does not differ from that of normal controls. The effect of frusemide on the systolic time intervals is explained as an effect of the fall in preload, bringing cardiac function further down on the ascending limb of the Frank Starling curve. Other related studies are discussed. PMID- 7272118 TI - Clinical significance of exercise-induced ST segment elevation. Correlative angiographic study in patients with ischaemic heart disease. AB - We have examined the relation between electrocardiographic ST elevation during treadmill exercise (greater than or equal to 1 mm, using the conventional 12 leads), the severity of coronary artery disease, and left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in 680 patients. They were divided into three groups: (1) 218 patients with clinically significant coronary artery disease, (2) 178 patients with clinically significant coronary artery disease, and (3) 284 patients with clinically significant coronary artery disease and previous myocardial infarction. ST elevation during exercise (predominantly in lead V2) was seen in two patients (1%) in group 1, three patients (2%) in group 2, and 147 patients (52%) in group 3. Coronary artery disease (number of vessels involved and severity of stenoses) was comparable in groups 2 and 3. All the patients in group 1 showed a normal left ventricular contraction pattern; 64% of the patients in group 2 showed wall motion abnormalities (predominantly hypokinesia) and 95% of group 3 (mainly akinesia, dyskinesia, or aneurysm). A strongly positive correlation was seen between the ST elevation and left ventricular dysfunction in patients belonging to group 3. The overall sensitivity and the specificity of the stress test in detecting wall motion abnormalities was 55% and 100% respectively. The sensitivity increased with deterioration in left ventricular function, reaching 81% and 90% in patients with dyskinesia and aneurysm, respectively. Maximal ST elevation (greater than or equal to 3 mm) was confined to the patients with dyskinesia or aneurysm. The incidence of ST elevation during exercise was also related to the location of previous infarction, showing a positive response in 85% of patients with anterior myocardial infarction and in only 33% with inferior myocardial infarction. We conclude that ST segment elevation during exercise in patients with previous myocardial infarction is a sensitive and a specific indicator of advanced left ventricular asynergy. The ST segment response during exercise in patients with previous infarction and with angiographically demonstrated myocardial asynergy appears to be a continuous spectrum. A normal ST segment response or elevation alone usually signifies involvement of only one vessel supplying the infarcted myocardium, ST elevation with concomitant ST depression indicates additional coronary artery disease, and ST depression alone indicates overwhelming myocardial ischaemia resulting from multiple vessel disease. The employment of multiple leads is essential to obtain this information. PMID- 7272119 TI - Serial measurement of circulating immune complexes in myocardial infarction. AB - To study the changes in the quantity of circulating immune complexes in myocardial infarction two serial investigations were performed in 45 and 63 patients, respectively. For the detection of circulating immune complexes in the first series, two methods, a complement consumption test and a Clq-solubility test were used. In the second series, a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-precipitation assay was added to these methods. The incidence of circulating immune complexes was studied on the first, third, seventh, 14th, and 21st day. On the first day the complexes were detected in 59% of the patients. Their occurrence increased in the further samplings to 77%, but from the seventh day their concentration decreased and on the 21st day they were detected in 63%. Three types of changes in the level of circulating immune complexes could be shown. In type I immune complexes were detected in the first days after the onset of the infarction, then, after a gradual decrease, the results became negative. In type II immune complexes appeared in the second to third week and their quantity did not alter during the entire observation period. In type III the circulating immune complexes could be detected throughout the whole period of the study. These changes in their concentration were frequently associated with the clinical course of the disease. PMID- 7272120 TI - Fistula between left coronary artery and superior vena cava. PMID- 7272122 TI - Mitral valve in secundum atrial septal defects. AB - The mitral valve in 15 of 16 adult hearts with unclosed secundum atrial septal defects showed a consistent abnormality consisting of thickening of the medial half of the anterior cusp and some fusion of adjacent chordae. Histologically the lesion is a surface fibrosis without vascularisation or myxomatous change to suggest a rheumatic or floppy valve. The high frequency and morphological appearances suggest abnormal cusp movement and resultant valve trauma rather than a primary valve abnormality. The functional abnormality leading to secondary valve changes is presumably related to increased flow and altered left ventricular geometry but cannot be studied in the dead heart. PMID- 7272121 TI - Coronary patient--early treatment. PMID- 7272123 TI - Comparison of physical work capacity and systolic time intervals with ventricular inhibited and atrial synchronous ventricular inhibited pacing. AB - Sixteen patients with a non-invasively programmable pacemaker (Medtronic 2409) were examined with the unit in ventricular inhibited (VVI) and atrial synchronous ventricular inhibited (VDT/I) mode, respectively. Maximal exercise capacity was determined by means of bicycle ergometry. Work load was increased in steps of 10 watts each minute. Atrial and ventricular rates, brachial artery pressure, and respiratory rate were studied at rest and during exercise while systolic time intervals were determined at rest. There was an important increase in maximal exercise capacity when changing from VVI to VDT/I pacing. The extent of improvement was the same for patients above and below the age of 65 years. At comparable work loads VDT/I pacing resulted in significantly lower atrial rates than VVI pacing. Systolic time intervals did not differ between VVI and VDT/I pacing apart from an increase in left ventricular ejection time index with VDT/I pacing. Systolic time intervals and maximal exercise capacity with VVI pacing did not correlate with the increase in exercise capacity induced by VDT/I pacing. Physical performance can be significantly improved by VDT/I pacing in both young and old patients. Exercise capacity on VVI pacing cannot predict the possible benefit of change to VDT/I pacing. PMID- 7272124 TI - Left ventricular function and hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7272125 TI - Eight years' experience with intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Early and late results in 175 consecutive patients. AB - The early and late results of intracardiac repair of 175 cases of tetralogy of Fallot during the period 1969 to 76 are reviewed. Overall hospital mortality was 8%, with a 5% mortality in patients over 2 years of age. Late mortality was 1%. Both early and late mortality and morbidity were related to the right ventricular to left ventricular peak systolic pressure ratio measured at the end of the operation. During the eight year period, a fall in mortality from 37 to 15% was recorded in patients less than 2 years of age. As a result of the experience gained during this period, we have now adopted a more active policy towards reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract while remaining aware of the potential problems of pulmonary regurgitation. PMID- 7272126 TI - Repetitive ventricular response. Prevalence and prognostic significance. PMID- 7272127 TI - Repetitive ventricular response. Its incidence, inducibility, reproducibility, mechanism, and significance. PMID- 7272128 TI - Surgical experience with persistent truncus arteriosus in symptomatic infants under 1 year of age. Report of 13 consecutive cases. AB - Between January 1974 and November 1980, 13 symptomatic infants under 1 year of age with persistent truncus arteriosus type I or II underwent surgery. Pulmonary artery banding was performed in 10 cases, with five deaths. Among the survivors, one developed severe pulmonary vascular disease and only two underwent late intracardiac repair. Primary total correction was performed in three infants and all are well, though one required conduit replacement five and a half years after the initial procedure. Recently, antibiotic sterilised homograft conduits, rather than heterografts, have been preferred as extracardiac conduits in infancy. Early intracardiac repair followed, if necessary, by later conduit replacement appears to have significant advantages over "conventional" pulmonary artery banding and late total correction. Concern remains on the treatment of choice in infants under 3 months of age. PMID- 7272129 TI - Effect of stenosed and occluded coronary arteries on immediate and late myocardial uptake of thallium-201. AB - Exercise and redistribution myocardial scintigraphy using thallium-201 was compared with the left ventricular angiogram and with the presence of stenosis or occlusion of coronary arteries on angiography. Irreversible scintigraphic defects representing areas of myocardial infarction were found in all patients with occlusion of the left anterior descending artery but nearly one-third of patients with stenosis of that artery also showed evidence of infarction. For the right coronary or circumflex arteries the incidence of infarction was 82% with vessel occlusion and 57% with vessel stenosis. Of abnormally contracting segments on the left ventricular angiogram, 95% showed irreversible scintigraphic defects but 33% of normally contracting segments supplied by a diseased artery also showed this. Myocardial infarction is not uncommon in patients with angina even in the absence of coronary occlusion. The incidence is underestimated by the left ventricular angiogram. These findings are of importance in the assessment of patients with coronary disease and their evaluation before coronary artery surgery. PMID- 7272130 TI - Echocardiographic dimensions and maximal oxygen uptake in oarsmen during training. AB - We studied nine freshmen and 14 senior oarsmen undergraduates during seven months of training and compared them with 17 age and sex-matched sedentary control subjects in order to assess the influence of heavy physical exercise on cardiac dimensions and maximal oxygen uptake. Standard M-mode echocardiographic techniques were used. At the start of the season senior oarsmen had a greater left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and a thicker interventricular septum and posterior left ventricular wall than control subjects and freshmen oarsmen. The two latter groups did not differ from each other. During the training period there was a slight and gradual increase in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and interventricular septum and posterior wall thickness in freshmen. In seniors only left ventricular end-diastolic dimension increased significantly. Maximal oxygen uptake showed a distinct increase between the fourth and seventh month during the period of intensive rowing training. There was no relation between echocardiographic variables and maximal oxygen uptake. A combination of heavy dynamic and static exercise can thus lead to significant changes in both left ventricular wall thickness and chamber size within months. Echocardiographic variables measured at rest cannot be used as a suitable index of performance capacity. PMID- 7272131 TI - Modern atrial and ventricular leads for permanent cardiac pacing. AB - Three hundred and fifteen transvenous pacing leads of various modern designs have been assessed over a period of three years. Of these, 103 were implanted in the atrium and 212 in the ventricle. Screw-in leads in the right atrial appendage and short tined leads in the ventricle have resulted in the virtual elimination of lead displacement, and a very low incidence of other lead related problems. In two lead systems it has been found advantageous to have both leads constructed of urethane. PMID- 7272133 TI - Pericardial effusion simulating aortic dissection. PMID- 7272132 TI - Borderline low thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity. Risk factors for coronary heart disease? AB - Assessments were made of 945 consecutive hospital patients with regard to a relation between borderline low thyroid function (recognised by a slightly raised thyroid stimulating hormone), thyroid autoimmunity, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart disease. Men and women with a thyroid autoimmunity, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart disease. Men and women with a thyroid stimulating hormone of 4.0 mU/l or over had a higher prevalence of coronary heart disease than did age-matched controls, and this difference was significant in women. The excess of coronary heart disease was not explained by an excess of other risk factors such as a high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. Women with thyroid antibodies had a slightly higher prevalence of coronary heart disease despite the unexpected finding of a lower serum cholesterol. The data point to an association between borderline thyroid function and autoimmunity and coronary heart disease which is not mediated through a raised serum cholesterol. PMID- 7272134 TI - Sudden death in a youth. A case of quadricuspid aortic valve with isolation of origin of left coronary artery. AB - A youth of 16 years of age died suddenly and quite unexpectedly while walking to school. The necropsy disclosed a quadricuspid aortic valve with complete isolation of the left coronary artery by an adherent aortic valve cusp. The left ventricular myocardium showed subendocardial contraction band necrosis suggesting that critical ischaemia had triggered a state of hypercontraction, in keeping with ventricular fibrillation as the immediate cause of death. The site of the anomaly in the aortic root showed dysplasia of the aortic wall and the affected valve cusp, histologically similar to the changes that characterise supravalvar aortic stenosis. The findings suggest a developmental anomaly, possibly a forme fruste of supravalvar aortic stenosis, rather than a postnatally acquired condition. PMID- 7272135 TI - Ruptured postinfarction ventricular septal aneurysm causing chronic congestive cardiac failure. Detection by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7272136 TI - Endocarditis associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection. PMID- 7272137 TI - Incidence of coronary artery disease in patients with valvular heart disease. PMID- 7272138 TI - R wave amplitude during exercise. PMID- 7272139 TI - Isovolumic contraction time of right ventricle in d-transposition. PMID- 7272140 TI - Sick sinus syndrome in childhood. PMID- 7272141 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension: effects of nifedipine. PMID- 7272142 TI - Effects of cyanide antidotes used with sodium nitroprusside infusions: sodium thiosulphate and hydroxocobalamin given prophylactically to dogs. AB - Cyanide antidotes were given to dogs before an infusion of sodium nitroprusside 1.5 mg kg-1 for 1 h. Dogs given thiosulphate 75 mg kg-1 had significantly lower plasma and red cell cyanide concentrations while plasma thiocyanate concentrations were significantly increased in comparison with control. These changes were associated with only minimal disturbance of tissue oxygenation. There was no effect on red cell cyanide or thiocyanate concentrations in dogs treated with hydroxocobalamin 1.5 mg kg-1, but plasma cyanide concentrations were significantly greater than in those receiving no antidote although there was less evidence of impaired oxygenation. There was no evidence of a synergistic action between thiosulphate and hydroxocobalamin. The vascular response to nitroprusside was unchanged in the thiosulphate-treated dogs, but was significantly greater in those given hydroxocobalamin. The implications for prophylaxis and treatment of cyanide poisoning following nitroprusside overdose are discussed. PMID- 7272143 TI - Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of i.m. and oral ketamine. AB - The pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of i.m. and oral ketamine in a dose of 0.5 mg kg-1 were determined in six healthy volunteers. Analgesia was measured by the submaximal effort tourniquet test. Following both routes of administration, ketamine prolonged the period of pain-free ischaemic exercise. Pain thresholds were increased at 15 min and 30 min after i.m. injection and at 30 min after oral ketamine. The plasma ketamine concentration associated with analgesia was 150 ng ml-1 following the i.m. dose, but only 40 ng ml-1 after the oral dose. Oral administration was, however, associated with much greater concentrations of the metabolite norketamine, which may have contributed to the analgesic effect. PMID- 7272144 TI - Anaesthesia for the morbidly obese. Experience with 110 patients. AB - The anaesthetic management and postoperative complications of 110 grossly obese patients undergoing weight-reducing surgery have been reviewed. The major problems were technical, related to the bulk of the patient, and respiratory, caused by alterations in pulmonary physiology. Extradural catheters were placed in 70 patients before induction of general anaesthesia. In all patients the trachea was intubated during anaesthesia and the lungs ventilated with large tidal volumes and appropriate inspired oxygen concentrations. Muscle relaxation was achieved with extradural block in 35 patients; the remainder received pancuronium i.v. Extradural analgesia with bupivacaine provided excellent analgesia after surgery and greatly facilitated nursing care. PMID- 7272146 TI - Changes in plasma catecholamine concentrations during endotracheal intubation. AB - The changes in arterial pressure and arterial concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine were monitored in 16 patients undergoing endotracheal intubation. Significant increases in mean arterial pressure and plasma noradrenaline were noted. The increases in arterial pressure were associated with increases in noradrenaline concentrations. Adrenaline and dopamine concentrations did not change significantly following intubation. The results suggest a predominantly sympathetic response during intubation and the need for prophylaxis in patients at risk. PMID- 7272145 TI - Clinical evaluation of diazepam for relief of postoperative pain. AB - Morphine 10 mg or diazepam 10 mg or a mixture of morphine 5 mg and diazepam 5 mg were given i.m. to three groups of 35 patients for relief of pain in the period immediately after operation. The patients had undergone upper abdominal operation for which a uniform regime of premedication and anaesthesia had been used. Pain was assessed by an observer before and after treatment and by the subjects, using a five-point scoring scheme. The pain scores before treatment and at 30-, 60-, 90 and 120-min intervals after treatment were compared by Ridit analysis. All three treatments produced significant relief, but the relief after diazepam alone was not as long-lasting as after the other two treatments. No clinically significant cardiovascular or respiratory complications occurred. Diazepam alone was associated with significantly more restlessness and morphine alone was associated with significantly more sickness. The combination of morphine and diazepam was considered to be the treatment of choice. PMID- 7272147 TI - Low i.v. regional analgesia with bupivacaine for hand surgery. AB - A forearm tourniquet for i.v. regional analgesia of the hand, using doses of bupivacaine smaller than in the conventional (upper arm) method, produced successful analgesia in 98 of 102 patients. In 63 patients bupivacaine 50 mg or less was adequate, while in 33 the dosage was between 60 and 75 mg. No toxic effect was noted. This technique permits surgery of the hand, wrist and distal forearm. PMID- 7272148 TI - Coracoid block--a safe and easy technique. AB - A method of blocking the brachial plexus using an infraclavicular approach is described. Compared with the supraclavicular approach, pulmonary complications do not occur and compared with the axillary approach a higher level of analgesia can be obtained and a potentially septic area is not traversed. However, the level of anaesthesia is at a lower level than that obtained from the supraclavicular approach. PMID- 7272149 TI - Effect of neostigmine and pyridostigmine on the plasma cholinesterase activity. AB - The effect of neostigmine 0.05 mg kg-1 or pyridostigmine 0.25 mg kg-1 on serum cholinesterase activity was investigated in 20 adult patients undergoing elective surgery. Both drugs produced marked depression of enzymatic activity. The maximal depression was observed in samples taken 5 min after injection. The maximal percentage depression of enzymatic activity was not significantly different in the two drug groups. However, at 30-60 min after injection, the degree of depression was less in the neostigmine group. This may be attributed to the different plasma clearances of neostigmine and pyridostigmine. PMID- 7272150 TI - Effect of diazepam on pancuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade maintained by a feedback system. AB - The possibility of an interaction between diazepam and pancuronium bromide was investigated in six patients undergoing general anaesthesia maintained with fentanyl, droperidol and nitrous oxide. Neuromuscular blockade was controlled using a feedback mechanism which automatically adjusted the rate of injection of pancuronium to maintain between 71.4 and 72.9% blockade. Diazepam 0.14 mg kg-1 i.v. produced blood concentrations within the therapeutic range, but did not produce consistent changes in the level of blockade, pancuronium concentration in the blood or pancuronium consumption measured over 20 min. PMID- 7272151 TI - Use of 4-aminopyridine to reverse morphine-induced respiratory depression in man. PMID- 7272152 TI - Single and combined effects of atropine and metoclopramide on the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. AB - The effects of atropine and metoclopramide on the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) were studied in 12 healthy volunteers using oesophageal pressure transducers. Atropine decreased LOSP significantly at 5 min after i.v. injection (P less than 0.005) and this change was sustained for 60 min. Metoclopramide increased LOSP significantly at 3 min after administration i.v. (P less than 0.05) and this change was sustained for 40 min. Following consecutive administration of the drugs the effects of atropine predominated. PMID- 7272153 TI - Comparison of the effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. AB - Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) has been measured on three separate occasions in nine healthy volunteers using oesophageal pressure transducers. Atropine 0.6 mg decreased LOSP significantly at 5 min after i.v. injection (P less than 0.025) and this change was sustained for 40 min. Glycopyrrolate 0.3 mg or 0.2 mg decreased LOSP significantly at 3 min after i.v. injection (P less than 0.0025). This change was sustained for 60 min and was similar for both doses and also similar in magnitude to the change produced by atropine. PMID- 7272154 TI - Posture and ventilation during posterior fossa and cervical operations. Current practice in the United Kingdom. AB - Details of the method of lung ventilation and the preferred position of the patient during posterior fossa (infratentorial) surgery and cervical operations were sought from 37 neurosurgical centres in the United Kingdom. The sitting position remains popular (52%). Although in the majority the use of controlled ventilation is routine practice in a significant number (22%), the maintenance of spontaneous breathing is preferred, particularly during posterior fossa surgery. Although the potential hazards of the sitting position are recognized, there is no real evidence from this survey of any move to abandon its use. PMID- 7272155 TI - Verapamil as a hypotensive agent during neuroleptanaesthesia. AB - The haemodynamic effects of verapamil were investigated in 11 patients anaesthetized with thiopentone, fentanyl and dehydrobenzperidol. Suxamethonium and pancuronium bromide were used for muscle relaxation. Verapamil 0.07 mg kg-1 given as a single intravenous bolus decreased mean arterial pressure from 108 +/- 18 mm Hg to 84 +/- 20 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) and total peripheral resistance by 29 +/- 10% from 1662 +/- 399 dyne s cm-5 (P less than 0.001) while heart rate and mean pulmonary artery pressure showed only minor changes. The decrease in arterial pressure was caused by reduction in total peripheral resistance while cardiac output was increased. PMID- 7272156 TI - Neostigmine and atypical plasma cholinesterase activity. PMID- 7272157 TI - Methods of assessment of antiepileptic drugs. AB - Epilepsy is a symptom with protean manifestations and as such it is a difficult disease in which to carry out a therapeutic trial. The methods available to research workers for the assessment of new antiepileptic drugs are hampered by the fact that epilepsy is a fluctuant condition. Although it is a chronic disorder open to study using cross-over trials and within-patient comparisons, accurate assessment cannot be easily made at any one point in time. Research workers are therefore automatically placed at a time factor disadvantage and this is especially so for those searching for quick methods of evaluating new compounds. The need for a quick and reliable method of assessing a new antiepileptic drug has long been appreciated. This article will discuss the methods currently available and we will begin by considering the most commonly used method of assessment with particular reference to some of the problems involved in conducting a controlled clinical trial in epilepsy. PMID- 7272158 TI - Clinical pharmacology in developing countries. PMID- 7272159 TI - Circadian variations in the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and in the therapeutic effectiveness of flurbiprofen at different times of day. AB - 1 Seventeen patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied in a double-blind crossover trial contrasting three different times of administration of twice daily flurbiprofen. 2 Twelve of these patients were also studied when taking the same dose of flurbiprofen as a split dose four times a day. 3 Symptoms and signs of the disease were self-assessed throughout the day for several days on each regimen and the information was analysed for rhythmicity. 4 Twice a day flurbiprofen may be more effective than four times daily flurbiprofen, and the regimen without an evening dose was the least effective of three twice-daily treatments tested. 5 Circadian rhythms of grip strength and finger joint size were demonstrated, and were similar on all treatment regimens. 6 These rhythms have a similar pattern to those detected during studies of immune responses, and it is suggested that morning stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis is not only the result of nocturnal inactivity, and may respond to appropriately timed medication given to decrease inflammation or to suppress other aspects of the immune response. PMID- 7272161 TI - The effects of chronic oral cimetidine therapy on the cardiovascular system in man. AB - 1 The demonstration of histamine (H2) receptors in the cardiovascular system in man and the widespread use of the specific H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine for the treatment of peptic ulcer has necessitated assessment of the cardiovascular effects of this drug during oral therapy in man. 2 Consequently, nineteen patients with a history of peptic ulcer but in symptomatic remission underwent a double-blind crossover trial of oral cimetidine v placebo, each treatment period lasting 4 weeks. No significant difference in various cardiac parameters at rest (heart rate, blood pressure, ECG) or following a maximal treadmill exercise test (time-into-protocol, maximum heart rate and blood pressure) was found between the groups. Similarly, cimetidine produced no change in the incidence of ventricular ectopics or in heart rate on 24 h ambulatory monitoring and had no effect on left ventricular volume or contractility as measured by echocardiography. 3 Thus oral administration of cimetidine in a dose of 400 mg four times daily was associated with no demonstrable cardiovascular changes. In addition, since this dose is thought compatible with cardiovascular H2 receptor blockade this study favours the lack of a physiological role for these receptors in man. PMID- 7272160 TI - A comparison of the effects of propranolol and oxprenolol on forearm blood flow and skin temperature. AB - 1 The effects of oxprenolol 80 mg and propranolol 80 mg on resting forearm blood flow (RFBF) and skin temperature were compared in seven normotensive subjects, for 4 h after an oral dose. 2 There was a significant fall of RFBF after propranolol (mean +/- s.e. mean 0.74 +/- 0.24 ml 100 g-1 min-1) compared to a smaller non-significant reduction after oxprenolol (0.35 +/- 0.19 ml 100 g-1 min 1). Propranolol produced a greater fall in heart rate than oxprenolol at all times except at 2.5 h. Three subjects experienced falls in skin temperature of over 4 degrees C with propranolol. There were no comparable falls after oxprenolol. 3 The results suggest that at the same dose oxprenolol has less effect on RFBF and skin temperature than propranolol. PMID- 7272162 TI - Trazodone--a new assay procedure and some pharmacokinetic parameters. AB - 1 A simple and specific procedure is described for the determination of the new anti-depressant trazodone in human plasma utilising reverse-phase HPLC which is sensitive to 20 ng ml-1. 2 Following oral administration of single 50 mg doses of two formulations of trazodone on separate occasions to healthy fasted volunteers, the peak plasma concentration, time to peak concentration, area under the curve, elimination rate constant and half-life were determined. 3 The two formulations are closely similar and they are considered to have comparable bioavailability. PMID- 7272164 TI - Effect of metoclopramide on the bioavailability of long-acting propranolol. PMID- 7272165 TI - Comparison of the duration of effect of metoprolol and a sustained release formulation of metoprolol (betaloc-SA). PMID- 7272166 TI - Antipyrine kinetics in cannabis smokers. PMID- 7272167 TI - Should clearance be normalised to body surface or to lean body mass? PMID- 7272163 TI - Effect of caroxazone, a new antidepressant drug, on monoamine oxidases in healthy volunteers. PMID- 7272169 TI - Local buccal mucosal effects of aspirin, indomethacin and isoxepac: their relationship to gastrointestinal damage. PMID- 7272168 TI - A neuroendocrine approach to benzodiazepine tolerance and dependence. PMID- 7272170 TI - Probucol and hypercholesterolaemia. PMID- 7272171 TI - Theophylline concentration in saliva as a guide for individualization of its therapeutic use. PMID- 7272172 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cephradine given intravenously with and without probenecid. AB - 1 In the light of questions raised by an earlier oral study (Welling, Dean, Selen, Kendall & Wise, 1979) the influence of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered cephradine has been investigated. 2 Intravenous administration of cephradine resulted in a bi-exponential curve and the level of antibiotic after 15 min was significantly greater when subjects received probenecid than when they did not. The influence of probenecid on urinary excretion of cephradine was similar to that observed previously. 3 The increase in serum of cephradine due to probenecid could be accounted for by the decrease in the elimination rate of the antibiotic. These results are discussed in the light of other observations. PMID- 7272173 TI - Bioavailability of quinidine in congestive heart failure. AB - 1 The oral bioavailability of quinidine was evaluated in eight patients with moderate to severe congestive heart failure. Each patient was given a 400 mg dose of quinidine gluconate by intravenous infusion and orally in solution. Serial plasma samples and total urine for drug analysis were collected for 24 and 48 h after drug administration, respectively. 2 When compared to control cardiac patients, the rate of quinidine absorption was slower in the heart failure patients. The mean value for the apparent absorption half-life and time to achieve peak plasma quinidine concentration was 38 +/- 18 min and 2.4 +/- 1.5 h respectively. The corresponding values observed in the control subjects were 18 +/- 6 min and 1.0 +/- 0.6 h. 3 The extent of quinidine absorption when evaluated by the AUC and urinary excretion methods was about 72% of the administered dose in the congestive heart failure patients. This value was similar to the extent of quinidine absorption (approximately 73%) observed in the control subjects. 5 When compared with non-heart failure cardiac patients, the results of this study suggest that patients with congestive heart failure may require smaller oral quinidine dosages to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations in the plasma or serum. PMID- 7272174 TI - Kinetics of isosorbide dinitrate and relationships to pharmacological effects. AB - 1 The inter-relationships among oral isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) dose, drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects were studied in 12 angina patients following single and chronic doses of 15, 30, 60 and 120 mg. 2 Significant accumulation of intact ISDN in plasma was observed after four times a day dosing at 30, 60 and 120 mg for 1 week. 3 The area under the plasma concentration v time curve (AUC), form 0-6 h, was shown to be proportional to dose following single doses. In contrast, AUC increased disproportionately to dose after chronic dosing. 4 Pharmacokinetic correction provided modest improvements in the dose response relationships of ISDN. 5 Adverse hypotensive effects were observed in five patients after the single 60 mg dose. These patients showed statistically higher AUC and lower intrinsic clearance of ISDN at doses of 15, 30 and 60 mg compared to those who did not develop adverse effects. A possible relationship exists, therefore, between lower drug clearance and hypersensitivity to ISDN. PMID- 7272175 TI - Acetanilide and paracetamol pharmacokinetics before and during phenytoin administration: genetic control of induction? AB - 1 Steady state plasma concentrations (SSPCs) of acetanilide (AA) and its metabolite, paracetamol (PL), were studied in 27 healthy volunteer subjects before and at the end of an 11-day exposure to phenytoin (DPH). Plasma concentrations of DPH were estimated. Plasma concentrations of DPH varied from 5.1 to 20.4 microgram ml-1 (mean +/- s.e.mean 12.2 +/- 0.9). 2 The SSPC of AA before exposure to DPH varied from 0.06 to 0.67 microgram ml-1 (mean +/- s.e.mean 0.24 +/- 0.02), and following exposure from 0.03 to 0.47 microgram ml-1 (mean +/- s.e.mean 0.15 +/- 0.02). 3 The SSPC of PL before exposure to DPH varied from 1.2 to 4.4 microgram ml-1 (mean +/- s.e.mean 2.7 +/- 0.13), and following exposure from 1.1 to 3.8 microgram ml-1 (mean +/- s.e.mean 2.2 +/- 0.13). 4 SSPCs of AA and of PL decreased significantly during DPH administration (P less than 0.01 for AA, P less than 0.001 for PL). 5 Correlations were observed between the SSPCs of the drugs measured, suggesting a common influence on their kinetics. 6 Similarity was observed between the changes in plasma levels of AA and PL following DPH ingestion. There was, however, wide inter-subject variability in this regard. In some subjects no change was observed even though they had DPH demonstrable in their plasma. Consequently it may be speculated that the effects of DPH may be under genetic control. PMID- 7272176 TI - Sulphinpyrazone metabolism during long-term therapy. AB - 1 The plasma concentrations of sulphinpyrazone and four of its metabolites are reported together with the amounts excreted in urine. Eight insulin-requiring diabetics were investigated, all treated with sulphinpyrazone 600-800 mg day-1 for 2.5 years or more. 2 Blood samples were drawn before the first morning dose and 2 h later. The mean plasma concentrations were (t=0 h-t=2 h): sulphinpyrazone 7.1-16.0 microgram ml-1; sulphone 1.7-4.8 microgram ml-1; p-OH-sulphide 0.67-0.89 microgram ml-1; p-OH-sulphinpyrazone 0.10-0.16 microgram ml-1. Statistically significant correlations were found between the plasma concentrations at t=0 of the sulphide and the p-OH-sulphide and that of sulphinpyrazone. 3 In urine, a very wide range in excretion of unconjugated compounds was observed. Sulphinpyrazone were excreted in amounts corresponding to 1-30% of the daily dose. The metabolites were generally excreted to amounts corresponding to less than 1% of the daily dose; however, up to 3% was found as the sulphone. 4 Increases of the concentration of all compounds in urine were found after treatment with beta-glucuronidase indicating 0-conjugation with glucuronic acid. 5 Since both the sulphide and the sulphone were found more active as inhibitors of platelet function in vitro than their parent compound, they may together constitute the major part of the platelet inhibitory drug activity in plasma during long-term therapy with sulphinpyrazone. PMID- 7272177 TI - Effects of caroxazone, a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, on the pressor response to intravenous tyramine in man. AB - 1 Caroxazone is a new antidepressant drug with reversible MAO-inhibitory activity. 2 The pressor effect of intravenously injected tyramine has been evaluated in six male healthy volunteers before, during oral treatment with caroxazone 200 mg three times daily and at different time intervals after discontinuation of treatment. 3 Caroxazone produces a moderate tyramine supersensitivity. 4 The reversibility of MAO-inhibition produced by caroxazone is clearly reflected by the time-course of tyramine supersensitivity. In fact, tyramine potentiation does not accumulate with caroxazone cumulative dose, while it is correlated to drug plasma levels and disappears rapidly (half-life 1.5 days) upon discontinuation of treatment. 5 caroxazone seems to be safer and more manageable than all other clinically available MAO-inhibitors which produce irreversible inactivation of MAO. PMID- 7272178 TI - Effects of caroxazone, a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, on the pressor response to oral tyramine in man. AB - 1 A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of caroxazone, a new antidepressant drug endowed with a reversible short-lasting MAO-inhibitory activity in man, on the blood pressure response to tyramine administered by the oral route. 2 The study was carried out in 9 healthy volunteers who were randomly assigned to treatment with caroxazone 200 mg three times daily (7 subjects) or with indistinguishable placebo (2 subjects). 3 The sensitivity to tyramine was assessed in each subject both before and after the 7-9 days of treatment. 4. While placebo did not modify the pressor response to tyramine, the threshold dose of tyramine which induced a rise in systolic blood pressure was lowered by about four-fold in 6 out of the 7 subjects treated with caroxazone. In the seventh subject the observed potentiation of peroral tyramine was not quantitatively evaluable. 5 Challenges performed in three subjects after discontinuation of treatment with caroxazone show that the effects of the compound are short-lasting, since the sensitivity to tyramine seems to regain the baseline value within 1-2 days. 6 Even if caroxazone potentiates peroral tyramine to a relatively low degree, a tyramine poor diet is recommended for patients during caroxazone treatment. 7 The reversibility of the MAO-inhibitory action of caroxazone is confirmed by the rapid return to normal values in the response to tyramine after discontinuation of treatment. This property of caroxazone would allow patients to return to a free diet in much less time than the safety limit of 2 weeks recommended for the currently used irreversible MAO-inhibitors. PMID- 7272179 TI - A basic program for constructing a dispensing list for a randomised clinical trial. PMID- 7272180 TI - Clobazam plasma concentrations: pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers and data in epileptic patients. PMID- 7272181 TI - High unbound fraction of salicylate in plasma during intoxication. PMID- 7272182 TI - The effect of metoclopramide and propantheline on the gastrointestinal absorption of cimetidine. PMID- 7272183 TI - Maximum or mean FEV1 for bronchodilator aerosol evaluation in acute asthmatics. PMID- 7272184 TI - Nuclear and cytoplasmic oestrogen receptors in squamous carcinoma of the cervix. AB - Nuclear and cytoplasmic oestrogen receptors (REN and REC) were sought in 5 normal cervices and in 43 specimens of squamous carcinoma of the cervix. All 3 tissues components of the 5 normal cervices contained both REN and REC. Thirty-five (81%) of the tumours contained receptors, but in only 9 (21%) were they found in both subcellular compartments. Twenty-four tumours (56%) had only REC and 2 had only REN. The potential therapeutic significance of these findings is not yet known, but it seems possible that tumours with an intact receptor mechanism might benefit from oestrogen therapy and have a more favourable prognosis. PMID- 7272185 TI - Mice treated with strontium 90: an animal model deficient in NK cells. AB - Treatment of BALB/c mice with radioactive isotopes of the bone-seeking element strontium reduces the percentage of specific NK-cell cytotoxicity to only 2.6%, compared with 13.6% for normal BALB/c and 36.3% for athymic (nude) BALB/c. The syngeneic plasmacytoma NS-1 was used as target in a 4th in vitro NK-cell microassay. Marrow cellularity in treated mice is reduced to 12.5% of controls, but haemopoietic and stem-cell functions are taken over by the spleen and the peripheral blood picture remains relatively normal. Allogenic (H-2k) tumour transplants are rejected normally with good anti-H-2k alloantibody response. Haemopoietic and T- and B-cell functions are therefore substantially intact, and the defect seems confined to NK cells. In vivo, after s.c. inoculation of 10(6) NS-1 cells, 8/12 controls grew a solid tumour after a mean delay of 30.5 +/- 1.25 (s.e.) days, whereas 5/6 90Sr-treated mice grew the tumours after a delay of only 10.5 +/- 1.8 days. This markedly reduced delay in the 90Sr-treated mice lends support to suggestions that NK cells play an important role in resisting the establishment of tumour foci (i.e. in antitumour surveillance). Mice treated with 90Sr could be useful in evaluating the in vitro role of NK cells. PMID- 7272186 TI - Morphological evaluation of cell turnover in relation to the menstrual cycle in the "resting" human breast. AB - This study examines cell turnover within the lobules of the "resting" human breast and correlates it to the stage of the menstrual cycle. The results are based on the morphological identification of both cell multiplication (mitosis) and cell deletion (apoptosis). It is found that these events undergo significant cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle, with raised levels towards the end of the cycle and during menses. However, in relation to a 28-day menstrual cycle, the position of the mitotic and apoptotic peaks, at Days 25 and 28 respectively, are significantly different. The high values are associated with an increase in the number of lobules showing a slight response rather than a large reaction within a few lobules. It appears that the "resting" breast tissue shows a general, rather than a focal reaction to a given hormonal environment. The possible role of oestrogen and progesterone as effectors of these changes is discussed. Our results show that the menstrual cycle influences cell turnover, though different factors may be affecting mitosis and apoptosis. PMID- 7272187 TI - Enhancing effect of misonidazole on the response of the RIF-1 tumour to cyclophosphamide. AB - The effect of misonidazole (MISO) on the cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide (CY) was investigated in the mouse. The response of the RIF-1 tumour was measured by growth delay and by cell survival in a cloning assay. MISO enhanced the cytotoxicity of CY. For single treatment, enhancement was maximal when MISO was given 30 min to 2 h before CY. The enhancement ratio (i.e. the dose of CY alone divided by the dose of CY with MISO required to cause the same response) increased with increasing dose of MISO up to 250 mg/kg, but decreased with increasing dose of CY above 50 mg/kg. For 5 daily treatments, enhancement increased with CY dose up to approximately 25 mg/kg/injection. Survival of marrow stem cells was measured using the spleen-colony assay. MISO did not enhance significantly the cytotoxicity of CY at doses under 100 mg/kg. Enhancement was seen at higher doses, but the effect was less than in tumours. CY reduced the number of circulating white blood cells. Neutrophils were most severely depleted. The WBC count was slightly lower when CY was given in combination with MISO than after CY alone, but the effect could be accounted for by direct MISO cytotoxicity. These experiences suggest that a therapeutic gain may be achieved if MISO is combined with doses of CY in the clinical range. From experiments performed to investigated the possible mechanisms involved, we conclude that for the RIF-1 tumour the major effect of MISO is to inhibit the repair from CY induced potentially lethal damage. PMID- 7272189 TI - Effect of different physiological conditions on the action of adriamycin on Chinese hamster cells in vitro. AB - Chronically hypoxic cells were 5 times more resistant to Adriamycin (ADR) than exponentially growing oxic cells. On reoxygenation, resistance decreased slowly to reach the ADR sensitivity of oxic cells after 24 h. With increasing pH, ADR efficiency increased more in oxic than in chronically hypoxic cells. With increasing cell density, ADR efficiency decreased linearly. The differences in ADR efficiency under the various conditions were accompanied by differences in intracellular ADR uptake. Chronically hypoxic cells incorporated 1.6 times less than oxic cells; the incorporation rate at pH 6.5 was half that at pH 7.4; and at a cell density of 5 X 10(5)/bottle the intracellular uptake was 6 times that at 5 X 10(6)/bottle. The observed differences in uptake of ADR were not, however, sufficient to explain the differences in cytotoxicity. PMID- 7272188 TI - Cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of soluble and insoluble compounds containing hexavalent and trivalent chromium. AB - Cr(III) and Cr(VI) compounds of varying solubilities have been tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit cell growth and nucleic acid and protein syntheses in BHK cells, to induce alterations in the mitotic cycle in HEp cells, and to increase the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in CHO cells. All Cr(VI) compounds, and particularly those containing soluble Cr(VI), such as potassium dichromate and zinc yellow, differentially inhibit macromolecular syntheses in BKH cells, that of DNA being always the most affected. Among Cr(III) compounds, which generally have very low cytotoxicity, chromite is particularly active, and inhibits cell growth and DNA synthesis even more than the poorly soluble Cr(VI) compounds. Preincubation in growth medium, with or without metabolizing cell cultures, solubilizes considerable amounts of Cr(VI) from zinc yellow and chromite, but significant amounts are also obtained from the most insoluble Cr(VI) pigments. When BHK cells are treated with such preincubated solutions, reduction of soluble Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by cell metabolites is seen with all Cr(VI) compounds, accompanied by decreased cytotoxicity. The same differences between Cr(VI) and Cr(III) compounds apply to the cytotoxic effects on mitosis of HEp cells and the clastogenic effects on CHO cells. The activity of chromite, the only Cr(III) pigment capable of significantly increasing the frequency of SCE, is due to contamination with soluble Cr(VI). In contrast to the very low cytotoxicity of Cr(III), much higher chromium levels are detected in the cells incubated with soluble Cr(III) than with the same concentrations of soluble Cr(VI). 50% and 75% of chromium accumulated in the cells during treatments with Cr(VI) and Cr(III) respectively remains firmly bound to the cells, even when they are incubated for up to 48 h in normal growth medium. Chromium accumulated in the cells after treatment with Cr(III) is most probably bound to the cell membrane, whereas some of the Cr(VI) is transported through the cell membrane and reduced in the cell nucleus. The results of the present investigation are in agreement with those obtained with the same Cr(VI) and Cr(III) compounds in mutagenicity assays in bacteria and carcinogenicity tests in rodents. A re-evaluation of the mechanisms of chromium carcinogenisis is proposed. PMID- 7272191 TI - Detection of human placental lactogen in sera and tumours of patients with fibroadenoma of breast. PMID- 7272190 TI - Syngeneic immune response to rat tracheal epithelial cells transformed in vitro by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. AB - Two cell lines (2-10-1 and 8-10-2) derived by exposure to primary tracheal explants to MNNG in vitro were not tumorigenic in syngeneic F-344 rats or athymic BALB/c (nu/nu) mice at early passage, but became tumorigenic at late passage. These cell lines are therefore suited to study the expression of neoantigens during neoplastic development. Transplantation resistance to late-passage, tumorigenic cells was indicated in syngeneic rats using an immunization protocol of repeated cell inoculation and tumour ablation. Spleen cells from such animals were reactive in 20h microcytotoxicity assays against neoplastic cell lines, but unreactive to normal tracheal epithelial cells. Similarly, immune spleen cells co cultivated in vitro for 6 days with irradiated neoplastic cell lines before assay for microcytotoxicity were strongly reactive, whereas co-cultivation with normal epithelial cells did not stimulate reactivity. Antibody to these neoplastic cell lines was demonstrated in sera of tumour-resistant rats by an indirect radiolabelled-antibody binding test and by indirect immunofluorescence. There was no significant binding to normal tracheal epithelial cell outgrowths. PMID- 7272194 TI - Patterns of recovery from acute severe asthma. PMID- 7272193 TI - British Association for Cancer Research 22nd Annual general meeting. 13-15 April 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7272195 TI - The incidence of postoperative infection and the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in pulmonary surgery. A review of 221 consecutive patients undergoing thoracotomy. AB - A study was made of the organisms cultured from the respiratory tract at or before operation and of the incidence of postoperative bronchopleural fistula, pneumonectomy space infection or chest infection in 221 consecutive patients undergoing thoracotomy. Patients receive either no antibiotics or one of three variations of an ampicillin/flucloxacillin mixture. Prophylactic systemic antibiotics significantly reduced the number of pneumonectomy space and chest infections; application of penicillin plus streptomycin powder to the bronchial stump had no effect. Systemic antibiotics given preoperatively reduced the incidence of bronchopleural fistula. The type of bacteria present in the preoperative sputum or bronchial lumen at operation was no help in predicting the effect therapy of postoperative infection. PMID- 7272196 TI - An evaluation of the vitalograph pulmonary monitor. AB - The Vitalograph pulmonary monitor has recently been altered by the manufactures to read in litres per minute. In 200 pairs of measurements comparing the monitor to the Wright peak flow meter (PFM) the mean difference between the instrument was 0.57 litres/min and there was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.92). The mean within subject coefficient of variation was 5.8% (range 2.6% to 10.7%). There was a statistical difference (P less than 0.05) in measurements obtained with different monitors but in practical terms this difference was small. The monitor is pocket-sized and light and is therefore suitable for following changes in peak expiratory flow away from the physiology laboratory. PMID- 7272192 TI - In vitro production of human antibody to a tumour-associated foetal antigen. PMID- 7272197 TI - An objective assessment of the tube spacer in patients unable to use a conventional pressurized aerosol efficiently. AB - The tube spacer, a device designed to simplify the inhalation of terbutaline from a pressurized aerosol, was objectively assessed in a group of patients with reversible airways obstruction who were found to have some difficulty in using conventional inhalers. Terbutaline was administered to 22 patients in a dose of 250 micrograms via the conventional pressurized aerosol and the tube spacer. In 16 the improvements in FEV1 were greater after the tube spacer, in four they were greater after the conventional inhaler and in two patients there was no difference. Using an open sequential plan for evaluation of paired preferences it was concluded that the tube spacer was better than the conventional inhaler in these patients. PMID- 7272198 TI - An analysis of submaximal exercise responses in patients with sarcoidosis and fibrosing alveolitis. AB - An increase work rate exercise test was performed by 15 patients with sarcoidosis and by 20 patients with fibrosing alveolitis. The patients with sarcoidosis had a moderate reduction in total lung capacity (TLC) and transfer factor (DLCO), with chest radiographs showing widespread pulmonary infiltration but no evidence of fibrosis. The patients with fibrosing alveolitis had a significantly greater reduction in TLC and DLCO than those in the sarcoidosis group. Values for cardiac frequency (fH) and ventilation(V) were interpolated to the standard oxygen uptakes of 0.75, 1.0 and, where possible, 1.5 litres/min (33.5, 44.6 and 67 mmol/min respectively). The tidal volume at the ventilation of 20 and 30 litres/min was also determined. The exercise responses were compared to two groups of 20 normal men; each group being age matched to one group of patients. The fH at oxygen uptakes of 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 litres/min were significantly higher in both patient groups than in the normal men. The submaximal indices for V were significantly greater in both patients groups than in the normal subjects at all three levels of oxygen uptake, and significantly greater in patients with fibrosing alveolitis than in those with sarcoidosis. The tidal volumes at 20 and 30 litres/min were smaller than normal in both patient groups but differences were removed by normalizing for differences in vital capacity. The maximum exercise ventilation measured in the patients with fibrosing alveolitis was significantly correlated with measurements of lung volume. Submaximal indices detect significant abnormalities during exercise in patients with pulmonary fibrosis and represent an alternative method for documenting abnormal exercise responses. Despite comparable radiological abnormalities the functional impairment in fibrosing alveolitis is much greater than in sarcoidosis. Thus the physiological abnormalities are not comparable quantitatively although they share a common qualitative difference. PMID- 7272199 TI - Effect of head flexion on airway resistance measured in a body plethysmograph. AB - We measured the effects of partial (21 degrees) and full (43 degrees) flexion of the head on airway resistance (Raw) and specific conductance (SGaw) in eight normal subjects and two patients with mild obstructive lung disease. With partial head flexion, mean Raw increased by 32% and SGaw decreased by 26% compared to control. With full head flexion Raw increase 75% and SGaw decreased 42%. All values are significantly different from control (p less than 0.005). We suggest that subjects in a body plethysmograph be instructed to sit as erect as mouthpiece positioning will allow. PMID- 7272200 TI - Simple aspiration of spontaneous pneumothorax. AB - A simple method of treating spontaneous pneumothorax by direct aspiration is described. For patients in whom this method was considered suitable the average stay in hospital was only three days and the discomfort and inconvenience of an intercostal tube were avoided. PMID- 7272201 TI - The vanishing lung syndrome associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - Two patients are reported with "vanishing lungs' associated with sarcoidosis or necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis. This syndrome is a rare outcome of sarcoidosis, but sarcoidosis may be an underlying cause of giant bullous emphysema. If bullectomy is undertaken, tissue should be removed from relatively normal lungs and mediastinal nodes to demonstrate the presence and nature of any granulomas. PMID- 7272202 TI - Structural and organisational features of sensorimotor intelligence among retarded infants and toddlers. PMID- 7272203 TI - A comparative study of the reading lessons of deaf and hearing primary school children. PMID- 7272204 TI - Circumscribed myxoedema of lichen myxoedematosus as a sign of faulty formation of the proteoglycan macromolecule. AB - Using a new method devised by our laboratory, the ultrastructure of dermal glycosaminoglycan in an involved area of lichen myxoedematosus was examined. Although histochemical and biochemical studies have indicated simply an accumulated deposition of hyaluronic acid in the lesion, the glycosaminoglycan ultrastructure within it was distinctly different from that in normal skin. The glycosaminoglycan structure of normal skin was similar to the proteoglycan aggregate model described by Rosenberg (1975). As confirmed by the enzymatic digestion procedure, it represents the ultrastructure of hyaluronic acid bound to glycosaminoglycans such as dermatan sulphate or chondroitin sulphate. In contrast, hyaluronic acid filaments observed in lesions of lichen myxoedematosus contained no glycosaminoglycan subunits. PMID- 7272206 TI - Effect of hydrocortisone on the adenylate cyclase system of the skin--in vitro explant study. AB - We have previously reported the effect of hydrocortisone (HC) on the adenylate cyclase system of pig epidermis. HC had no effect on the basal level of cyclic AMP but there was an increased adrenaline-induced cyclic AMP accumulation when epidermal slices were incubated for more than 6 h with HC. This incubation did not alter the responsiveness to histamine. We are interested in the effects on epidermal cells of HC, which may act through the adenylate cyclase system. It is well documented that adrenaline, histamine and adenosine stimulate adenylate cyclase and cause an accumulation of cyclic AMP in pig epidermis. An increased cyclic AMP results in the inhibition of mitosis and epidermal outgrowth. Employing the rate of epidermal outgrowth and mitotic index as indicators of cyclic AMP effect, we studied the effect of HC on the adenylate cyclase system. The pretreatment with HC (100 microM) magnified the inhibitory effect of adrenaline on epidermal outgrowth and mitosis, whereas the inhibitory effect of histamine or adenosine was not affected by HC. It is suggested that HC induced an increased responsiveness of adenylate cyclase to adrenaline, resulting in a magnified inhibitory effect of adrenaline on epidermal outgrowth and mitosis. PMID- 7272205 TI - Epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and thymidine incorporation following treatment with ultraviolet A combined with topical 8-methoxy-psoralen or anthracene in the hairless mouse. AB - Epidermal thymidine incorporation, as a measure of DNA synthesis, and ornithine decarboxylase activity were estimated in hairless albino mice following phototoxic reactions induced by topical anthracene + UV-A, and topical 8 methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) + UV-A. Both treatments caused depression of epidermal thymidine incorporation to 26% of control values at 4 h; this depression persisted through 24 h following 8-MOP + UV-A. Animals treated with anthracene + UV-A showed a fourfold increase in thymidine incorporation at 48 h, declining at 72 and 96 h; after 8-MOP + UV-A increased thymidine incorporation was observed between 4 and 10 days, when a plateau of 96 h duration was observed. After treatment with anthracene + UV-A, epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC) was maximal at 4 h, and exhibited a rapid decline, with normal levels at 48 h. Following 8-MOP, UV-A dose-dependent ODC induction occurred: this was later than that induced by anthracene + UV-A with no detectable activity at 4 or 12 h, and maximum activity at 24 h, the elevation persisting through 96 h. The relationship between ODC induction and epidermal hyperproliferation following these treatments is discussed. PMID- 7272208 TI - Response of alopecia areata to DNCB: influence of auto-antibodies and route of sensitization. AB - The effects of treatment with topical 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were observed in fifty-one patients with alopecia areata of at least 9 months duration. Patients were sensitized either by the application of 500 micrograms of DNCB in acetone to the forearm, or by painting affected areas of the left side of the scalp with a 1% solution. A mild to moderate dermatitis was maintained by weekly applications of DNCB. When the sensitizing dose was applied directly to the scalp, significantly more patients showed poor reactivity as judged by the eczematous response obtained, although the two routes of sensitization had comparable effects upon regrowth of hair. Hair regrew significantly more frequently in females. The likelihood of regrowth was reduced in patients with hair loss of long duration and in those with immunological disturbances such as autoantibodies or low T lymphocyte numbers and responses. The relationship of these factors to the disease and to the response to DNCB treatment is discussed. PMID- 7272207 TI - Reduction of increased polyamine levels in psoriatic lesions by retinoid and PUVA treatments. AB - Treatment with an oral aromatic retinoid (etretinate) and with PUVA significantly reduced the elevated levels of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in psoriatic lesions. Both treatments also significantly reduced the spermidine/spermine ratio, which is considered to be an indicator of proliferation activity. Although both regimens produced a roughly parallel reduction of epidermal polyamines the initial fall of putrescine was much more rapid in patients receiving retinoid. This may indicate that one of the primary targets of retinoids could be ornithine decarboxylase. PMID- 7272209 TI - Aquagenic urticaria: evidence of cholinergic and histaminergic basis. AB - Two patients with urticaria evoked at the site of contact of skin with water have been studied. Protection of the skin from contact with water by prior application of petrolatum ointment prevented wealing, but removal of the stratum corneum enhanced wealing. Organic solvents did not themselves evoke wealing, but they enhanced the reaction to subsequent challenge by water. That the release of acetylcholine is an essential step in the pharmacogenesis of wealing in aquagenic urticaria is indicated by the suppressive effect of locally-applied scopolamine on water-evoked wealing. Aquagenic urticaria is also associated with elevated blood histamine levels and degranulation of mast cells in the water-challenged skin. The relationship of acetylcholine and histamine to each other and to contact of water with the skin remains uncertain. PMID- 7272211 TI - Dermatological games. AB - Doctor/patient relationships may not be optimal in medicine in general and in dermatology in particular. The study of the dermatological consultation has been entirely neglected and game analysis may form a useful basis for further study. It is not possible to know whether better communication with patients leads to better responses to treatment, but there is no doubt that better communication leads to better patient compliance with regard to therapy. There are many dermatological games. An insight into these games may not only improve doctor/patient communication, but also make the consultation a much more interesting event for the dermatologist. Once the processes involved in the consultation are understood, the way is open for improvements. The dermatologist should become as interested in the art of practice as he is knowledgeable in the science and clinical features of dermatology. PMID- 7272210 TI - Pili annulati: electron histochemical studies on affected hairs. AB - In this study we have shown that in pili annulati all the normal layers within each cuticle cell are present, and show a normal distribution of cystine. The presence of well ordered macrofibrils, composed of microfibrils embedded in a cystine rich matrix, in both regions of the hair shaft indicates that normal keratinization can and does take place. We have demonstrated the presence of electron-opaque, cystine positive material at the intermacrofibrillar spaces and suggest that the presence of the cortical holes is in part due to insufficient cortical material to occupy the space available, and in part due to the dissolution of the intermacrofibrillar material, possibly by water of other chemical agents, diffusing through an apparently more permeable cuticle. PMID- 7272213 TI - Perioral pustular eruption caused by Candida albicans. PMID- 7272212 TI - Dyskeratosis congenita. Report of a large kindred. AB - This kindred includes six males with dyskeratosis congenita. It is the largest British pedigree so far reported and brings the total number of reported cases to fifty-nine. Our pedigree supports X-linked recessive inheritance and close linkage with the Xga locus was excluded. Three previously unreported complications are noted: Hodgkin's disease, adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and deafness. Normal chromosomal stability was found in three patients and immunological studies precluded an early universal defect in cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 7272214 TI - A case of Maffucci's syndrome. PMID- 7272215 TI - Psoriasis and adnexal structures. PMID- 7272216 TI - The development of haematological changes in homozygous sickle cell disease: a cohort study from birth to 6 years. AB - A cohort study of sickle cell disease from birth has allowed observations on the disease without the symptomatic selection inherent in previous series. The development of haematological indices from birth to 6 years in male and female infants with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease is presented and compared with values in age and sex matched controls with a normal haemoglobin (AA) genotype previously presented elsewhere. In SS disease total haemoglobin levels fell rapidly from birth to a plateau at 3-6 months before falling again to 15 months after which no age related change occurred. Mean cell haemoglobin concentration fell from birth to lowest values at 15-18 months before increasing to reach the level present at birth by the age of 5 years. Red cell counts fell rapidly after birth to a plateau at 2 months, increased slightly to 6 months and then fell steadily throughout the remaining period of the study. The men cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin also fell rapidly after birth reaching the lowest values by 6 months and then increased progressively. Female patients showed significantly higher MCV from 4 to 8 months and significantly higher haemoglobin levels from 15 months to 4 1/2 years. Compared to AA controls, SS patients manifested significantly lower levels of haemoglobin from 2 weeks, and red cell counts from 1 month, and significantly higher levels of MCHC from 4 months to 3 years, MCV from 8 months to 5 years, and serum iron levels from 1 to 4 years. Children with SS disease were partially protected from iron deficiency in early childhood, perhaps by increased intestinal absorption of iron, and the associated increase in intracellular haemoglobin concentration might be disadvantageous during this high risk period. PMID- 7272217 TI - Acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in nucleated red cells of human fetal liver. AB - Acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity was investigated in nucleated red cells obtained from nine human fetal livers at 9-24 weeks of gestation. A strong ANAE activity was demonstrated in fetal liver erythroblasts with a staining pattern of a perinuclear ring. Occasionally some polychromatophilic normoblasts expressed a focal ANAE activity usually observed in human T-lymphocytes. Some 50-70% of erythroblasts in human fetal livers showed a ring-like staining pattern. A slight decrease of ANAE positivity was observed in cells of fetal livers after 17 weeks of gestation. PMID- 7272218 TI - Two platelet aggregation inhibitors in tsetse (Glossina) saliva with studies of roles of thrombin and citrate in in vitro platelet aggregation. AB - Two inhibitors of platelet aggregation have been identified in saline extracts of Glossina morsitans (tsetse) salivary glands. A protein fraction (MW greater than 30 000) inhibited primary and secondary aggregation to ADP, secondary aggregation to adrenalin, and aggregation to collagen. It also caused disaggregation of platelets stimulated by ADP and adrenalin. These properties could be explained by ADP hydrolytic activity. A previously identified antithrombin fraction (MW 11 000 13 000) abolished thrombin-induced aggregation. It did not affect platelet aggregation to ADP, adrenalin or collagen, as compared to aggregation in citrate, when used as sole anticoagulant for platelet rich plasma or when added to citrated platelet rich plasma. These results fail to support hypotheses (i) that thrombin plays an important role in platelet aggregation by other agonists and (ii) that secondary platelet aggregation is an artefact induced by citrate. It is proposed that these inhibitors may be important in maintaining mouthpart and crop patency during feeding. Their discovery suggests that other arthropods may also have antiplatelet agents in their saliva which might be entomologically important, provide useful tools for platelet studies, and be of potential therapeutic interest. PMID- 7272219 TI - Kinetics of elimination of antithrombin III concentrate in heparinized patients. AB - The rate of elimination of injected antithrombin III (AT III) concentrate was investigated by measuring plasma AT III levels in two control subjects and four patients treated with continuous intravenous infusion of heparin. No significant differences were noted in the disappearance rate of injected AT III between controls and patients receiving heparin for several days. Their half-time of AT III elimination was 8.4--13.6 h. The patient in whom AT III concentrate was injected at the start of heparin therapy showed a very rapid decrease of AT III activity with a three-fold increase in the elimination rate constant. Inactive, modified AT III protein present in purified AT III concentrate was found in the circulation of all injected patients. No evidence was obtained that this altered AT III was eliminated more rapidly than the unaltered AT III or that it was subjected to accelerated clearance during heparin therapy. PMID- 7272220 TI - Effect of hydrocortisone on long-term human marrow cultures. AB - In human long-term marrow cultures a relatively high concentration of hydrocortisone (10(-6) M or more) is necessary for the development and subsequent maintenance of some cellular components in the adherent cell layer. However, such concentrations of hydrocortisone seem to be inhibitory for the production of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC). In further attempts to improve these cultures, therefore, it is important to maintain a balance between a concentration of hydrocortisone which is necessary for the development of a competent adherent layer and the concentration which is inhibitory to the production of GM-CFC. PMID- 7272221 TI - Erythrocyte deformability in sickle-cell crisis. AB - A serial study of erythrocyte deformability, plasma viscosity, and whole-blood viscosity has been made during 10 sickle-cell vaso-occlusive crises. The peak serum lactate dehydrogenase level was used to confirm the duration of crisis and the rheological changes were compared with 19 estimations made on the same patients when asymptomatic. Erythrocyte deformability, measured by filtration of washed erythrocytes through polycarbonate filters of 5 microgram pore size, was significantly reduced on day 1 of crisis and, in one additional patient, this occurred 24 h before the onset of pain. There was no increase in irreversibly sick-led-cell counts and plasma- and blood-viscosity did not increase significantly until day 5 of crisis, in parallel with the acute-phase rise in plasma fibrinogen. Measurement of erythrocyte filterability is therefore a valuable technique for investigating the pathogenesis of the early stages of sickle-cell crisis. PMID- 7272222 TI - Acute myelodysplasia with myelofibrosis: a report of eight cases. AB - Eight patients with acute myelodysplasia and myelofibrosis are described. Four cases were secondary to long-term therapy with cytotoxic agents and four were idiopathic. All cases presented with an abrupt onset of the illness, absence of organomegaly and severe pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspirate yielded adequate material in four cases and showed myelodysplasic features. Study of histological sections indicated that the bone marrow was cellular in every case, including numerous dystrophic megakaryocytes, erythroblasts, immature cells of the granulocytic series and blast cells which were difficult to identify. The reticulin network was always increased. In each case the disease was rapidly fatal. No improvement was noted with chemotherapy. In three cases an overt leukaemia developed with marked pleomorphism of blast cells. The nosology of this syndrome is discussed. PMID- 7272223 TI - Unstable haemoglobin haemolytic crises: contributions of pyrexia and neutrophil oxidants. AB - Pyrexia and the production of oxidants by phagocytic cells have been examined as two possible causes of haemolytic crises associated with infections in carriers of unstable haemoglobins. Three unstable haemoglobins were examined, both in red cells and after purification. Incubation at 40 degrees C rather than 37 degrees C resulted in only a slight increase in autoxidation rate, but a considerable increase in the rate of precipitation of the haemoglobins as Heinz bodies. Oxidants produced by activated neutrophils were capable of oxidizing haemoglobin both in solution and red cells, though there was no preferential effect on the unstable as opposed to the normal haemoglobin. It is concluded that haemolytic crises associated with infections in carriers of unstable haemoglobins can be explained by increased intracellular precipitation of the haemoglobin as Heinz bodies caused by the accompanying pyrexia. PMID- 7272224 TI - Serum ferritin in patients with hereditary spherocytosis. AB - Serum ferritin was measured in 61 patients with autosomal dominant hereditary spherocytosis (HS), 44 splenectomized and 17 with intact spleens. In the majority (78%) the serum ferritin concentration was not elevated. Thirteen (22%) had midly elevated levels, including five splenectomized females (range 181--236 microgram/l), and eight males, two with intact spleens (range 236--436 microgram/l). The serum ferritin was not raised in 15 of the 17 non splenectomized individuals. This group included one female who had been venesected for iron overload and further investigations have shown that both the genes for HS and haemochromatosis are present in her family. These results demonstrate that iron stores are usually normal in HS, and that prevention of iron overload alone is not an indication for splenectomy. The rare report of a patient with HS and severe iron overload may perhaps be explained by the fact that the gene frequency for haemochromatosis is common in the population. PMID- 7272225 TI - Viscosity and iron deficiency in treated polycythaemia. AB - An in vitro study of the effect of red-cell changes due to iron deficiency on whole-blood viscosity has been made on samples from patients with polycythaemia treated by venesection. When the PCV of the samples was adjusted to a standard value of 0.45, whole-blood viscosity was unrelated to decreasing MCH. In contrast, when samples were adjusted to a standard Hb concentration of 14 g/dl, whole-blood viscosity rose exponentially with decreasing MCH. This increase in whole-blood viscosity was shown to be a function of the increasing PCV that accompanies the falling MCH at this standard Hb value. It is suggested that in polycythaemia not due to hypoxia, hyperviscosity can be satisfactorily corrected by venesection controlled by monitoring the PCV alone. Other consideration may apply in hypoxic polycythaemia and these are discussed. PMID- 7272226 TI - Abstracts of papers presented as free communications and in symposia at the 22nd Annual General Meeting of the British Society for Haematology, Sheffield, 26 and 27 March 1981. PMID- 7272227 TI - A new triplicated alpha-globin gene arrangement in man. PMID- 7272228 TI - Idiopathic myelofibrosis: a possible role for immune-complexes in the pathogenesis of bone marrow fibrosis. AB - Sixteen patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis (IM) have been investigated with respect to the possibility that immune mechanisms may be of importance in the pathogenesis of bone marrow fibrosis. The following points appear relevant: (1) immune-complexes (IC) are detectable with different techniques in a high percentage of patients with IM. Their presence is associated with evidence of bone-marrow histological markers of immune activity. (2) IgG is the main Ig class in the composition of IM IC. The results obtained favour the hypothesis that autoimmune mechanisms are involved in IM patients. PMID- 7272229 TI - The role of synovectomy in the management of recurrent haemarthroses in haemophilia. AB - Between August 1973 and May 1979, 18 patients suffering from severe haemophilia A underwent synovectomy for recurrent haemarthroses, resistant to medical management. A total of 23 joints (11 knees and 12 elbows) were subjected to operation, five patients undergoing two synovectomies on different joints. Post operative follow-up period ranged from 12 to 58 months for elbow synovectomy and from 29 to 76 months for knee synovectomy. All patients experienced fewer haemarthroses, the average number of bleeding episodes per joint over a 12 month period being reduced from 19 to 3 for knee joints, and from 24 to 3 for elbow joints. This improvement was apparent in the immediate post-operative year and maintained thereafter. Over the same follow-up period nine of the 11 knee joints were found to have lost an average 42 degrees mobility. Following elbow synovectomy five out of 12 patients lost an average of 28 degrees mobility; six patients gained an average 11 degrees mobility. The post-operative complication rate was high for knee synovectomy, 54% suffering haemorrhage despite haemostatic factor VIII levels. For elbow synovectomy the rate was much lower, 75% of operations being uncomplicated. The average in-patient time for knee operation was 75 d, and for the elbow 19 d. We conclude that synovectomy of the knee joint is to be avoided when other means of reducing bleeding episodes are available, whereas elbow synovectomy retains a useful role in the treatment of recurrent haemarthroses which do not respond to clotting factor prophylaxis. PMID- 7272230 TI - An assessment of an amidolytic assay for factor VII in the laboratory control of oral anticoagulants. AB - A comparison has been made between the prothrombin time test using British Comparative Thromboplastin (BCT) and a chromogenic substrate assay for factor VII in the assessment of laboratory control of oral anticoagulants in short-term and long-term patients. Opportunity was also taken to compare the findings with parallel results obtained with the venous Thrombotest technique and a specific clotting assay for factor VII. There was good agreement between the amidolytic factor VII assay, using a method modified from Seligsohn et al (1978) with the Quick test using BCT and Thrombotest in 60 long-term patients. Tests in 53 patients within the first 3 weeks of starting oral anticoagulant administration gave less satisfactory agreement between the above amidolytic method and the conventional tests. In contrast, there was a good correlation between the two conventional tests in both groups and also between the clotting and amidolytic factor VII method. Although the results are an improvement on previous, less satisfactory correlations between the BCT prothrombin time method and amidolytic assays for factor II and X, the present study indicates the limitations of a specific clotting assay versus a broad spectrum extrinsic clotting test in oral anticoagulant control. While not warranting the routine use of the chromogenic assay for factor VII in place of the prothrombin time using BCT, the factor VII amidolytic assay offers a limited but dependable guide to dosage in long-term patients. The complexity of the technique in its present form militates against its adoption for routine anticoagulant control in hospital laboratories. PMID- 7272231 TI - Contact activation of factor XI. AB - Factor XI is a circulating trace plasma protein composed of two similar or identical chains of about 80 000 daltons which upon activation undergo proteolytic cleavage. Recently, we have shown that trypsin activation leads to an active factor XI (factor XIa) which, on reduction, yields three chains of 46 000, 37 000 and 26 000 daltons. Herein, we re-evaluate the effect of contact activation of factor XI at an activating surface both in normal human plasma and in a mixture of purified factors XI, XII, and high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK). Mixtures were analysed by coagulant activity and by reduced sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using [125I]factor XI. In the purified system, fully activated factor XI on reduction yielded chains of 46 000, 37 000 and 23 000 daltons. In contrast, factor XI activated by surface contact in plasma yielded on reduction only chains of 46 000 and 37 000 daltons in addition to some uncleaved 80 000 chain. We propose that factor XIa containing only 46 000 and 37 000 chains be designated factor XIa alpha, and that factor XIa containing the third chain of 23 000 daltons be designated factor XI a beta. Sequential elution of contact activated plasma factor XI revealed that factor XIa was attached to the glass surface through the 46 000 dalton chain. PMID- 7272232 TI - Thymidylate synthesis in a folate deprived cell line. AB - Abnormalities of the de novo and salvage pathways of thymidylate synthesis have been investigated in a folate deprived lymphoblastoid cell line. Impaired DNA synthesis was observed, with an increased percentage of cells in S and G2 phase, whereas the mitotic index was decreased. Thymidylate synthesis along the salvage pathway was markedly increased, with a higher activity of thymidine kinase and higher uptake of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR). The same abnormalities were observed when cells were treated with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine or methotrexate. The de novo pathway was slightly modified with a nearly normal incorporation of 3H-6 deoxyuridine (3H UdR) and a moderate decrease of thymidylate synthetase activity; in contrast, the uptake of 3H-dU was markedly inhibited in drug-treated cells. Preincubation with cold deoxyuridine (10(-4) M) did not suppress the uptake of 3H-TdR as efficiently as in control cells; with increasing concentration of dU to 10(-2) M, this suppressive effect became almost complete. This high concentration of cold dU exerted a competitive inhibition on thymidine kinase. The deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) pool was increased in deficient cells and it was only slightly increased by addition of cold dU (10(-4) M) in the culture medium whereas a substantial expansion of this pool was observed in control cells treated under the same conditions. These data do not necessarily exclude a defect of thymidylate synthesis along the de novo pathway in the folate deficient cells. the normal incorporation of 3H-dU could be explained by a decreased isotope dilution due to a reduced deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) pool. This pool could be decreased by feedback inhibition by dTTP on some enzymatic activities, mainly deoxycytidylate deaminase. The enlarged dTTP pool which probably derives mainly from the salvage pathway could be poorly functional for DNA replication according to the model of compartmentation of DNA precursors. PMID- 7272233 TI - Nasal cancer in England and Wales: an occupational survey. AB - A national survey of the incidence of nasal cancer in England and Wales during the period 1963-7 with special reference to occupation confirmed the well-known increases in incidence of nasal cancer in cabinet makers and wood machinists, together with the absence of any significant increase in carpenters and joiners, and the increases in boot and shoe operatives and repairers, and in nickel smelters in South Wales. The significant excesses of cases found among coalminers, furnacemen in the gas, coke, and chemical industry, and furnacemen and labourers in foundries may be associated with exposure to coal and coke dust or may be spurious. No excess of nasal cancer was found among male textile workers. Excesses of uncertain significance were found among tailors and dressmakers, bakers and pastry cooks, and printers. Apart from the well-known relationships between adenocarcinoma and work in the furniture and footwear industries there is no definite indication in this survey of any association between a particular histological type of nasal tumour and occupation in England and Wales. PMID- 7272234 TI - An epidemiological survey of eight oil refineries in Britain. AB - A mortality study of workers employed for at least one year between 1 January 1950 and 31 December 1975 at eight oil refineries in Britain has been carried out. Over 99% of the population were successfully traced to determine their vital status at 31 December 1975. The mortality observed in the study population was compared with that which would be expected from the mortality rates for the all male population of England and Wales, and Scotland, with adjustment for regional variation in mortality for the English and Welsh refineries. The overall mortality observed was considerably lower than that expected on this basis, as was the mortality from heart disease, stroke, bronchitis, and pneumonia. The observed number of deaths from all neoplasms was also very much less than expected, a result almost entirely due to a large deficit of observed deaths from lung cancer. Raised mortality patterns were found in several refineries for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, intestines, and rectum, although no location was consistently high for all these causes of death. Different year-of-entry cohorts and job groups were also affected. In general, mortality from these causes increased as length of service and interval from starting work increased. There were also significantly more observed deaths than expected from cancer of the nasal cavities and sinus, and melanoma. Further work is required to ascertain whether these are due to an occupational factor and, if so, to identify the physical or chemical nature of the risk. PMID- 7272235 TI - Mortality of nickel workers: experience of men working with metallic nickel. AB - The mortality of men employed in a plant manufacturing nickel alloys from metallic nickel and other metals has been examined. The plant has operated since May 1953, and 1925 men were identified who had been employed in the operating areas at the plant, other than as members of the staff, for a total of five or more years, excluding breaks. Analysis of samples of air obtained from personal samplers showed that since 1975 most of the men are likely to have been exposed to average concentrations of nickel of between 0.5 and 0.9 mg Ni/m3. All but 22 (1.1%) of the men were successfully traced to 1 April 1978 or until they died or emigrated. One hundred and seventeen had died. The numbers of deaths observed from cancers of respiratory and other sites, other respiratory disease, ischaemic heart disease, and other causes of death were compared with the numbers expected from national and local mortality rates. No evidence of the existence of any occupational hazard was obtained. The number of deaths from lung cancer (15) in men employed for five years or more is small. At 98% of the number expected at local rates it is statistically compatible with risks of between 0.5 and 2.2 times "normal." PMID- 7272236 TI - A case-control study of bladder cancer in the United States rubber and tyre industry. AB - A case-control study of bladder cancer was conducted in five United States rubber and tyre companies to determine if there were high-risk jobs and work areas within the industry. The study included 220 male cases of bladder cancer, of whom 107 were identified from hospital record reviews and 113 from death certificates. Each case was matched individually with two industry controls by sex, race, year of birth, and company. One control was matched additionally by year of hire and duration of employment. Comparisons of cases and controls not matched by year of hire and age of hire showed no differences for those variables, which suggests that age and calendar period of first exposure to the industry were not risk determinants. When the work histories of both cases and controls were contrasted it was found that cases were more likely than controls to have worked in milling (odds ratio (OR) = 1.91) and calender operation (OR = 2.21) jobs. The relative risk estimates for milling and calender operation both exhibited linear trends of increase with duration of exposure. Milling and calender operation jobs entail potential exposures to volatilised reaction products from heated rubber stock. A better understanding of aetiological associations with job type will require more detailed characterisation of the work environment with regard to the sources and levels of aromatic amines and other suspected bladder carcinogens. PMID- 7272237 TI - Mortality of United Kingdom acrylonitrile polymerisation workers. AB - The mortality of 1111 men who worked on the polymerisation of acrylonitrile and the spinning of acrylic fibre from 1950 to 1968 was surveyed up to the end of 1978. Seventy-nine deaths were identified. The population was drawn from six factories, where polymerisation started before 1968, in England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. In the group of men exposed to acrylonitrile for at least one year the total number of deaths was smaller than expected. An excess of deaths from all cancers was found, arising mainly from cancers of the lung, stomach, colon, and brain, but the excess was not statistically significant. Significant excesses of stomach cancer overall and in those aged 55-64, and of lung cancer in those aged 15-44 were found. Consideration of deaths according to factory indicated that the excesses of stomach cancer may have been due to regional factors. The excess of lung cancer was investigated further in view of the fact that, unusually, it occurred in relatively young men, but no consistent difference between the duration of exposure to acrylonitrile of the three young patients with lung cancer and matched controls was found. The study is limited and further analysis in the future is needed. The results are not conclusive and neither add to nor detract from existing suspicions that acrylonitrile is a human carcinogen but, taken together with evidence from other studies, indicate the necessity for the continuing surveillance of the exposed population in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7272238 TI - Classification of chest radiographs for epidemiological purposes by people not experienced in the radiology of pneumoconiosis. AB - Under controlled conditions 16 people (eight non-medical) inexperienced in the radiology of occupational lung diseases repeatedly classified 300 selected chest radiographs using the 1971 ILO U/C International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses. Eight experienced medical readers had previously classified 220 of the selected radiographs for profusion of small rounded opacities. Variability among readers was greater in experimental panels than among the experienced readers. But the average consistency between pairs of novice readers in their use of the 12 categories of profusion for the same radiographs was similar (about 29%) to the average consistency among the experienced readers. Subsequent work with nine of the participants showed that eight of them were able to produce classifications of coal miners' chest radiographs that correlated well with estimates the miners' exposures to respirable coal mine dust. It is concluded that the ILO classification scheme provides a sound descriptive system for recording the appearances of chest radiographs. Under controlled conditions the scheme may be used for epidemiological studies by those with no specialist knowledge or clinical experience. This presupposes that the radiographs concerned will have been examined previously for diagnostic purposes by a suitable qualified physician. PMID- 7272239 TI - Behaviour of indicators of exposure and effect after cessation of occupational exposure to lead. AB - The behaviour of blood lead (PbB) and of some indicators of effect (erythrocyte protoporphyrin IX (EP), delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase activity of erythrocytes (ALAD), and urinary delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALAU)) were studied in subjects who had ceased working with inorganic lead for at least one year. Relations between these indices and chelatable lead (PbU-EDTA (lead in urine after injection of CaNa2 EDTA 1 g intravenously)), a test that is used to evaluate the lead deposits in the body, were also analysed. As a comparison, a group of subjects currently exposed was studied. In the workers with past exposure the PbB values were significantly lower, at the same PbU-EDTA levels, than those found in subjects at work. The relation between EP and PbU-EDTA shows that, corresponding levels of chelatable lead, the values of the erythrocyte metabolite are identical in the two groups. Considering the EP-PbB relation, however, at the same PbB levels the protoporphyrin values appear distinctly more altered in the subjects with past exposure. Similar results were obtained from a study of the relations between ALAD and PbU-EDTA and between ALAD and PbB. The relation between ALAU and PbU-EDTA, however, shows that, at the same PbU-EDTA levels the urinary metabolic in past-exposed subjects is distinctly lower than in subjects at work, while the relation between ALAU and PbB shows that, for similar blood lead values, the ALAU levels are identical. On the basis of the results obtained it is concluded that in subjects with past exposure, EP and ALAD can be used in establishing the persistence and extent of an "active deposit" of lead in the organism, while PbB is of very limited use. PMID- 7272240 TI - Erythrocyte factors concerned in the inhibition of ALA-D by lead. AB - Erythrocyte factors are concerned in the inhibition of delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) by lead at 20 to 100 nM concentrations. The activity of the factors in detected in Hb fractions from Sephadex G-200 gel filtration of erythrocyte supernatant. After gel filtration of erythrocyte supernatant from a lead worker, 50% of lead is found in ALA-D fractions, although the fractions recover from ALA-D inhibition. The recovered activity is reinhibited if the enzyme fraction is preincubated with Hb fraction obtained from the same chromatography. Similarly obtained enzyme from a normal subject is also inhibited when it is preincubated with normal Hb fraction and lead acetate at 20 to 100 nM concentrations. The extent of the inhibition depends on the concentrations of Hb fraction and lead acetate preincubated. Reinhibition of lead worker enzyme with normal Hb fraction may be deleted not only by heating but also by zinc or DTT as well. Hb fraction heated at 60 degrees C for 5 min is also able to induce the lead-inhibition of the activity in ALA-D fraction. Half life of the factors is 26 min at 60 degrees C and 3 min at 80 degrees C. PMID- 7272241 TI - Ventilatory function in Nigerian coal miners. AB - Ventilatory capacity has been measured in 675 Nigerian colliery employees classified in three groups according to occupation: coalface workers, other underground workers with low exposure to dust, and surface workers in administrative and clerical jobs. Men with current respiratory symptoms were excluded, as were ex-miners. The faceworkers were a slightly older group who smoked less, and they were presumed to be more active. Faceworkers had a highest forced vital capacities (adjusted for age and stature) but the lowest values for indices reflecting maximal expiratory airflows, (FEV1/FVC, PFR FEF, and FMF). Apparently coalface work is associated with an 8% impairment of maximum expiratory airflow, probably due to dust exposure, but also with a modest enhancement in FVC, possibly due to training of the respiratory muscles. Regression coefficients on age for the airflow indices are significantly more negative in faceworkers than in the other groups. Smoking and duration of service did not significantly affect the pattern of results. FEV1 does not vary among the occupational groups in the colliery, and the mean value is close to that predicted on the basis of reference equations previously obtained for non-miners in Nigeria. PMID- 7272242 TI - Hand-arm vibration in the aetiology of hearing loss in lumberjacks. AB - A longitudinal study of hearing loss was conducted among a group of lumberjacks in the years 1972 and 1974--8. The number of subjects increased from 72 in 1972 to 203 in 1978. They were classified according to (1) a history of vibration induced white finger (VWF), (2) age, (3) duration of exposure, an (4) duration of ear muff usage. The hearing level at 4000 Hz was used to indicate the noise induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS). The lumberjacks were exposed, at their present pace of work, to noise, Leq values 96-103 dB(A), and to the vibration of a chain saw (linear acceleration 30-70 ms-2). The chain saws of the early 1960s were more hazardous, with the average noise level of 111 dB(A) and a variation acceleration of 60-180 ms-2. When classified on the basis of age, the lumberjacks with VWF had about a 10 dB greater NIPTS than subjects without VWF. NIPTS increased with the duration of exposure to chain saw noise, but with equal noise exposure the NIPTS was about 10 dB greater in lumberjacks with VWF than without VWF. With the same duration of ear protection the lumberjacks with VWF consistently had about a 10 dB greater NIPTS than those without VWF. The differences in NIPTS were statistically significant. The possible reason for more advanced NIPTS in subjects with VWF is that vibration might operate in both of these disorders through a common mechanism--that is, producing a vasoconstriction in both cochlear and digital blood vessels as a result of sympathetic nervous system activity. PMID- 7272243 TI - First report of byssinosis in Hong Kong. AB - There has been no report of byssinosis in Hong Kong although the textile industry has been one of the leading industries for many years. Three workers with a long history of exposure to cotton dust had chronic obstructive airways disease precipitated by their work environment. One had irreversible airways obstruction but none had chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma. Only one gave a history of "Monday morning tightness," and this was attributed to the fact that most of the textile workers in Hong Kong work seven days a week. It was suggested that a survey be carried out to ascertain the importance of byssinosis in the textile workers of Hong Kong and tha byssinosis should there be added to the list of notifiable occupational diseases. PMID- 7272244 TI - Castor bean allergy in the upholstery department of a furniture factory. AB - In this study, undertaken to identify the cause of allergy in several upholstery workers in a furniture factory, the workers were handling several different materials, including glue, silicone spray, upholstery fabrics, and felt. Radio allergo-sorbent test (RAST) assays showed that sera from sensitised workers contained specific IgE towards the felt; however, further investigations using RAST showed that the allergen was not the felt itself but a contaminant of the felt. The felt was manufactured from sacks, some of which had been used to store castor beans. The sera with raised IgE to the felt also had raised IgE to the castor bean extract. By means of RAST inhibition we confirmed that castor bean allergens in the felt were solely responsible for the raised IgE in the sera. The in-vitro RAST results were found to correlate well with the in-vivo pick tests and clinical symptoms. PMID- 7272245 TI - Lead accumulation in teeth as a function of age with different exposures. AB - The level of lead exposure in industrial, urban, and rural populations has been evaluated by sampling permanent teeth gathered from three regions of Belgium. When tooth lead concentrations are plotted against tooth age, a linear function appears to fit the empirical results satisfactorily. On the contrary, comparing only the arithmetical means of the three samples would bring a possible bias of the results because their mean ages are different. The slope of the three best regression lines obtained respectively with data from the three regions increases significantly in the sequence rural less than urban less than industrial. A simplified mathematical model shows that this slope is directly related to the mean intake of lead under uniform exposure. It is suggested that this slope could be used as an index of the population's exposure to lead. PMID- 7272246 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of hippuric and m-methylhippuric acid in urine after mixed exposure to toluene and xylene. AB - The separation of hippuric and m-methylhippuric acid as toluene and m-xylene metabolites present in urine of people exposed simultaneously to toluene and xylene is described. Chloroform was used for hippuric and m-methylhippuric acid extraction. Satisfactory separation of these metabolites was obtained on TLC plates covered with silica gels and developed in chloroform acetic acid-water (4:1:1);p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in acetic acid anhydride was applied to develop the colour. The sensitivity of the method was 6 micrograms hippuric acid per 1 ml urine and recovery was 100% (+/- 1). PMID- 7272247 TI - Attachment theory: its relevance to the therapeutic alliance. AB - Bowlby's concept of attachment is seen to be relevant to that part of the therapist-patient relationship in analytic psychotherapy which enables the patient to remain in, and work in, the relationship despite his transference feelings, viz. the therapeutic alliance. The concept of attachment is felt to bring together under a common framework two aspects of the therapeutic relationship upon which many writers have individually commented, viz. that the interpretation is not the sole therapeutic factor and that there is a resemblance between the therapist-patient relationship and the mother-child relationship. Finally, the concept of attachment is seen to supplement that of dependence in the patient-therapist relationship, and by doing so to emphasize the importance of the human relationship therein. PMID- 7272248 TI - Some observations on the meaning of confabulation. AB - Confabulation is poorly defined and understood, judging by accounts in some psychiatric textbooks. Many authors appear to consider confabulation as a purposive act on the part of the patient designed to fill in memory gaps by fabricating false statements to spare himself embarrassment and to deceive the interviewer. Clinical observation shows tha the confabulating patient is almost wholly unaware of his memory defect and that his statements are derived from an accessible store of memories dating from before the onset of his illness. The basic problem is the patient's inability to remember that he cannot remember. Consequently it is incorrect to assume any active intention on his part other than a simple wish to provide information in response to questions. PMID- 7272249 TI - Acquired deafness and mental health. AB - This paper reviews studies of the relationship between acquired deafness and psychological disturbance. The first part examines descriptive case studies based on personal experience, clinical observation and the simulation of hearing loss. The second part reviews studies with an experimental orientation. The overall conclusion is that acquired deafness is associated with psychological disturbance, at least at the psychoneurotic level. However, there is little evidence to support the commonly held view that loss of hearing results in heightened suspiciousness or an increased likelihood of paranoid reactions. PMID- 7272250 TI - In the eye of the beholder: social and personal characteristics of teenagers and their impressions of themselves and fat and slim people. AB - Fifty-nine female and 79 male secondary students rated six stimulus figures (self, ideal self, fat young man/woman, slim young man/woman) on 28 personal rating scales. They also complete the Eysenck personality Inventory. Each of the stimulus-figure data sets was factor analysed and the factor scores were related to role, personality, and perceived weight status by means of correlational and discriminant function analyses. The results showed that the perceives' sex, ethnicity and perceived weight status were related to their perception of the stimulus figures. These relationships included interactions between sex and ethnicity in their effects on reported views of ideal self and fat young woman (FYW). Daughters of European migrants reported more independent and stronger self aspiration than did their peers, and sons of European migrants saw FYW mor positively that did the other subjects. The observed relationship between females' perceived weight status and their self-concepts suggest that body image may be of greater importance for girls that for boys of this age. Extraversion and neuroticism differed according to sex in their relationships with the subjects' perceptions of the FYW figure. These and other findings indicate that the presence or absence of obesity has relevance for social and psychological processes as well as for medical issues. PMID- 7272251 TI - A questionnaire study of hostility in persistent auditory hallucinators. AB - Twenty-six psychotic patients selected for persistent auditory hallucinations were tested on the HDHQ Questionnaire. Their total hostility scores were found to be significantly higher than those of the mixed schizophrenic normative sample, suggesting a link between aggressive tendencies and auditory hallucinations. The total sample was further subdivided on the basis of duration, location and quality of voices, and subgroup comparisons undertaken. These suggested that location and quality of voices were independent of each other and differentially linked with other measures. Several hypothesis for further investigation were generated. PMID- 7272252 TI - Emotional reactions of expectant fathers to their wives' first pregnancy. AB - A group of 51 expectant fathers, whose wives were in the last three months of their first pregnancy, was compared to a control group of 51 married men without children. On the Anxiety Scale Questionnaire the expectant fathers were significantly higher in overall anxiety (both overt and covert), as well as in tension and apprehensiveness. The Blacky Picture Test indicated stronger Oedipal intensity, sibling rivalry and guilt feelings in the experimental group than in the control group. Clinical interviews with six of the subjects revealed considerable ambivalence, frequently related to re-aroused infantile fantasies, feminine identifications, castration fears and Oedipal themes, as well as attempt to defend against the ambivalent feelings through negation, denial, isolation, repression, intellectualization and reaction formation. While the higher levels of anxiety could be understood as a reaction to a reality stress situation, the Blacky Test results and the interview material point to more specific dynamic factors, and support several psychoanalytic hypothesis about significance of pregnancy for the prospective father. The inner conflict aroused contributes to the intensified anxiety, which is likely to be overdetermined. PMID- 7272253 TI - the effects of termination of pregnancy: a follow-up study of psychiatric referrals. AB - A series of 57 women presenting in the first years of the implementation of the Abortion Act for a psychiatric opinion on termination of pregnancy (TP) were carefully examined. The average scores on psychometric tests were well into the pathological range. Of the 25 recommended for TP 24 were single, 20 had been separated from one or both parents and 6 had a psychiatric history. On those women available for follow-up the mean psychometric scores improved early (1-17 months after consultation) and eventually fell to the normal range (3-6 years after consultation). A particular feature of the study wa an in-depth follow-up fo the subsample of 10 women. This was especially illuminating on the meaning that the pregnancy had for the patient. Ambivalent feelings towards the pregnancy were recalled. Some had used the pregnancy to hold on to the father. Many were still acting out problems with the family of origin. Their relationships with the medical profession were often unsatisfactory. The study increases our (still patchy) understanding of this population and confirms the need for counselling at the time that the woman first presents, both to avoid adverse psychiatric sequelae and to use the abortion as a critical experience to improve overall adjustment. PMID- 7272254 TI - Disease concepts and the logic of classes. AB - Four different disease concepts are examined. In pre-scientific times, diseases were regarded as independent entities outside and inside the body of patients. This view is still alive in such expressions as "disease carrier' and similar idioms. Sydenham's disease entity was akin to a Platonic "idea'; namely as "species', "substantial form' or "essence' which had a singular independent existence in some metaphysical realm. Therefore, the talk at the time was that a patient suffered from, say, "the' pox. Virchow's disease entities were semi independent parasitic parts in the bodies of different patients. Therefore, patients were said to suffer from, say "a' pneumonia. In modern times diseases are no longer regarded as independent or semi-independent entities. They are merely attribute complexes in patients. As such, they require no grammatical article. Patients are said to suffer from, say, pneumonia. The different views of disease concepts are finally examined within a framework provided by the modern logic of classes. The pre-scientific and Virchowian disease entities are members in a class "extension'. Sydenham's disease entity corresponds to a class entity abstracted from class members. Modern diseases are attributes listed in the class "intension'. The different disease concepts thus have different logical implications. PMID- 7272255 TI - Applied human science: is explanation enough? PMID- 7272256 TI - Psychoanalysis as a human science: a comment. PMID- 7272257 TI - Fetal blood velocity waveforms in uncomplicated labour. AB - A combination of pulsed echo and continuous wave Doppler ultrasound was used to obtain blood flow velocity signals from the umbilical arteries of 10 patients during uncomplicated spontaneous labour. Audio frequency analysis of these signals yielded fetal blood velocity waveforms. Analysis of these waveforms demonstrated that placental vascular resistance to feto-placental blood flow is not altered by uterine contractions, artificial rupture of the membranes, the infusion of oxytocin nor the administration of analgesia during uncomplicated labour. PMID- 7272258 TI - Ultrasonic assessment of cardiovascular geometry and function in the human fetus. AB - A new technique of studying fetal cardiac geometry and function from two dimensional real-time images is presented. A significant increase in left ventricular size with advancing gestational age was observed. Left ventricular cardiac output size with advancing gestational age was observed. Left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) was 210 +/- 48 ml/min (Mean +/- 1 SD) between 27 and 33 weeks and 336 +/- 35 ml/min between 34 and 41 weeks gestation. Blood flow (mean flow) in the descending aorta during these two periods was 365 +/- 80 and 490 +/- 65 ml/min. In four fetuses, the LVCO per kg birth weight ranged between 114 and 123 ml/kg/min and the blood flow in the descending aorta between 168 ad 179 ml/kg/min. If total cardiac output is considered to be twice the LVCO, the proportion of total cardiac output being distributed through the descending aorta and placenta is about 75% and 45% respectively. PMID- 7272259 TI - Morphological changes of the spiral arteries in the placental bed in relation to pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation. AB - The spiral arteries at the level of the decidual-myometrial junction in the placental bed were examined histologically in 93 biopsies. Of these, 23 originated from normal uncomplicated pregnancies, 30 from pre-eclamptic and 40 from otherwise complicated pregnancies. The association of the "physiological changes' of the spiral artery with uncomplicated pregnancy and their absence in pre-eclampsia, as noted by Brosens and others, has been confirmed. In addition, in pregnancies without pre-eclampsia, these changes were significantly more often absent with fetal growth retardation. The hypothesis is put forward that hypertension of pregnancy is a compensatory mechanism to ensure an adequate blood supply to the placenta when the "physiological changes' fail to occur. PMID- 7272260 TI - Maternal sexuality during first pregnancy and after childbirth. AB - Information about sexual activity, enjoyment and libido was obtained at intervals from 119 primiparous women during a longitudinal survey of maternal emotional health in pregnancy and for a year after delivery. Most subjects described some reduction in the frequency of sexual intercourse and a diminution of libido and sexual enjoyment during pregnancy; this was most marked in the third trimester. After delivery, about a third of subjects had resumed intercourse by six weeks and nearly everyone had done so by three months. Nevertheless, 77% and 57% of the women were having intercourse less often at three and 12 months after delivery respectively, in comparison with the month before they became pregnant. Selected variables were examined for relationship with a low, or reduced frequency of intercourse and with a lack of enjoyment. Significant associations were found with aspects of maternal personality and childhood relationships, marital conflict, maternal depression, previous miscarriages, difficulties in conceiving and fears of harming the fetus. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, the mode of delivery and related obstetric and medical variables, breast-feeding and characteristics of the baby, did not appear to significantly influence maternal sexuality. PMID- 7272261 TI - The effect of age and gravidity on menstruation. PMID- 7272262 TI - The relation of circulating progesterone and oestradiol concentrations to the onset of menstruation. PMID- 7272263 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the endometrial cell surface in postmenopausal women receiving oestrogen therapy. AB - The surface ultrastructure of normal and abnormal endometrial cells from patients receiving oestrogen therapy for the climacteric syndrome was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Patients with endometrial pathology were treated with oral progestogens. Excessive oestrogen stimulation caused proliferation of cilia and microvilli. Cystic hyperplasia was characterised by a proliferation of cilia until they covered more than one-third of the surface area of the endometrium; further proliferation occurred in cases of adenomatous hyperplasia when the surface was almost completely covered with cilia. Cell morphology remained apparently normal until atypical hyperplasia, when occasional cells appeared large and irregular, or adenocarcinoma occurred, when the surface cells appeared large, pleomorphic and sometimes wrinkled, being mostly devoid of cilia. Although cystic hyperplasia was converted to a normal histological picture of atrophic or pseudo-decidual endometrium by courses of progestogen, the deciliated endometrial cells showed persisting abnormal ultrastructural characteristics. PMID- 7272264 TI - Oestradiol: the predominant intranuclear oestrogen in the endometrium of oestrogen-treated postmenopausal women. AB - Intracellular oestrogen metabolism has been investigated in endometrial tissue from postmenopausal women receiving oestrogen therapy either alone or in combination with a progestogen. During oestrogen therapy alone, there was a 3.2 fold predominance of oestradiol over oestrone within the endometrial cell nucleus and the mean nuclear oestrogen receptor content was 1.40 pmol/mg DNA. The addition of norethisterone decreased the nuclear oestradiol/oestrone ratio to 1.4:1 by lowering the oestradiol mass. A concurrent reduction in the mean level of the nuclear oestrogen receptor to 0.58 pmol/mg DNA indicated a decrease in oestrogenic stimulation. The activity of oestradiol-17 beta dehydrogenase was significantly increased. There was a plasma excess of oestrone over oestradiol during oestrogen therapy alone and oestrone/oestradiol ratio was not significantly altered following norethisterone administration. The ability of the endometrium to incorporate oestradiol selectively into the nucleus is discussed in relation to the risk of endometrial hyperplasia with unopposed oestrogen therapy. The profound biochemical changes induced by norethisterone help elucidate mechanisms whereby progestogens lower oestrogenic potency and thereby protect the endometrium against excessive stimulation. PMID- 7272265 TI - Cardiovascular responses during the menopausal hot flush. AB - Circulatory responses during spontaneous and stress induced menopausal flushes were measured by a plethysmographic technique. With the onset of symptoms there was an immediate and marked increase in hand blood flow which was sustained over three to four minutes and then fell to control levels over a further three minutes. Forearm and calf flow increased simultaneously through to a lesser extent and regained control levels within four-and-a-half minutes from the onset of symptoms. Mean pulse rate also increased during the flush but fell to control values at a time when limb flow was still elevated. There was no significant change in blood pressure during or after the flush. The peripheral circulatory exchanges are attributed to altered autonomic activity and may in part reflect a disturbance of thermoregulatory control in the menopause of which the flush is but one manifestation. PMID- 7272266 TI - Termination of midtrimester missed abortion by extraovular instillation of normal saline. PMID- 7272268 TI - Gonadal dysgenesis and X chromosome deletion. Case reports. PMID- 7272267 TI - Actinomyces-like structures and their association with intrauterine contraceptive devices, pelvic infection and abnormal cervical cytology. AB - A total of 1919 cervical cytology smears from South Galmorgan family planning clinic patients were studied and actinomyces-like structures were identified in 38. All 38 were from women reported as having an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and they represent 25 per cent of the 147 women in the whole study who were reported as having an IUCD. There was no evidence of pelvic infection or significant increase in gynaecological problems amongst these 38 women, but there was a significant increase in atypical and dyskaryotic cells in the cervical smears. PMID- 7272269 TI - An interaction between danazol and warfarin. Case report. PMID- 7272270 TI - Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in pregnancy. Case report. PMID- 7272271 TI - Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern with severe fetal anaemia--case report. PMID- 7272272 TI - Catalytically active monomer and dimer forms of rat liver carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. AB - Purified carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase of rat liver is shown to exist in a state of rapid, reversible monomer-dimer equilibrium. The allosteric activator N-acetyl L-glutamate displaces the equilibrium toward monomer formation. This effect is observed over a range of initial protein concentrations of 0.02-5 mg/mL. Measurements of Stokes radii by analytical gel chromatography indicate that at concentrations less than 0.1 mg/mL at 25 degrees C in the presence of all the substrates the enzyme exists as a monomer of 160000 molecular weight. A gel chromatographic method was developed to identify the active form of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase. On the basis of analysis of the ADP boundary formed during gel chromatography, the monomer is established to be catalytically active. Active enzyme centrifugation studies confirm that the monomer is a reactive species and suggest that the dimer also functions catalytically. Under the conditions of the usual enzyme assay, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase is mainly in the monomer form. Activation by acetylglutamate can occur at the level of the monomer and is not coupled to dissociation since the enzyme dissociates at low concentrations even in the absence of acetylglutamate. The stoichiometry of the association is observed directly in the electron microscope. The dimensions of the negatively stained particles of the enzyme in the presence or absence of substrates correspond to monomers and dimers, assuming the molecule to be a prolate ellipse. The number of monomers observed in the presence of substrate represents 86% of the total number of enzyme molecules. The average molecular weight calculated from the numbers of particles seen in negatively stained specimens of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase is 182000. Electron microscope studies provide independent evidence for monomer--dimer interactions and show that under the conditions examined the enzyme is mainly in the monomer form. PMID- 7272273 TI - Isolation and characterization of a photoaffinity-labeled peptide from the catalytic site of prenyltransferase. AB - Previously we presented evidence for the selective modification of the catalytic site of prenyltransferase by photoaffinity labeling with o-azidophenylethyl pyrophosphate [Brems, D. N., & Rilling, H. C. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 860]. In the present work, we report the isolation and characterization of a CNBr fragment of 30 amino acid residues from the photoaffinity-labeled enzyme. This CNBr fragment contains over 809% of the total label attached to prenyltransferase as a result of photoaffinity labeling. Several lines of evidence indicate that a number of residues in this CNBr fragment have been modified. First, Edman degradation of this labeled peptide demonstrates that at least 16 of the 30 amino acids have been modified by the photoaffinity reagent. The two most extensively modified amino acids are a specific arginine and alanine. Second, two-dimensional chromatography of Pronase digestions of the labeled CNBr fragment indicates that at least 11 different products resulted from photoaffinity labeling. Third, peptide maps of a trypsin digest of this CNBr fragment show that the attached affinity label is distributed among at least three of the resulting products of tryptic hydrolysis. Finally, comparison of amino acid analysis of this CNBr fragment with that of its counterpart isolated from native enzyme is consistent with the modification of a number of amino acids rather than a few y the photoaffinity labeling process. PMID- 7272274 TI - Synthesis of brominated heptanones and bromoform by a bromoperoxidase of marine origin. AB - The presence of naturally occurring volatile halohydrocarbons in marine organisms, seawater, and the upper atmosphere has prompted a serach for their biosynthetic origin. An earlier report documented the preparation of an enzyme extract from a marine algae which catalyzed the formation of dibromomethane, tribromomethane, and 1-bromopentane from 3-oxooctanoic acid. This report did not establish a pathway nor did it examine potential intermediates involved in the synthesis of the halometabolites (Theiler, R., Cook, J., Hager, L., & Siuda, J. (1978) Science (Washington, D.C.) 202, 1094-1096). This paper shows that an extract of the green marine algae, Penicillus capitatus, which contains a potent bromoperoxidase activity, is capable of catalyzing the incorporation of bromide ion into organic combination in the presence of 3-oxooctanoic acid. By use of gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy, it has been possible to identify tribromomethane, 1-bromo-2-heptanone, 1,1-dibromo-2-heptanone, and 1,1,1-tribromo 2-heptanone as products of this reaction. The properties of the enzymatically synthesized products have been compared to authentic compounds and found to be identical. The mono- and dibromoheptanones can be utilized as precursors for the enzymatic formation of tribromoheptanone, but the final hydrolysis of the tribromoheptanone to bromoform appears to be a nonenzymatic reaction with the P. capitatus extracts. PMID- 7272275 TI - Photoaffinity inhibition of rat liver NAD(P)H dehydrogenase by 3-(alpha-acetonyl p-azidobenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin. AB - NAD(P)H dehydrogenase was purified in four steps from a homogenate of rat liver. The final step was affinity chromatography on Sepharose coupled to 3,3'-(m hydroxybenzylidene)bis(4-hydroxycoumarin). The purified enzyme was inhibited competitively with respect to NADH by 3-(alpha-acetonyl-p-nitrobenzyl)-4 hydroxycoumarin (acenocoumarin) (Ki = 1.7 microM). The acenocoumarin was converted into an azide which was used to photoaffinity inhibit the enzyme. Following photolysis in the presence of the azide, the enzyme was inactivated in proportion to the concentration of azide present during irradiation. A maximum of 35-40% inhibition could be achieved by a single irradiation at 254 nm for 1.5 min. This inhibition was noncompetitive with respect to NADH. The inactivation was shown to be specific as acenocoumarin afforded complete protection against inactivation, irradiation was required to achieve inactivation, and the enzyme was unaffected by irradiation alone. PMID- 7272276 TI - Scanning calorimetric investigation of the polymerization of the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus. AB - The endothermic polymerization of the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus has been studied by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry, with control experiments involving turbidimetry and sedimentation velocity measurements. The variation of the apparent extent of polymerization under conditions close to equilibrium as the temperature is raised follows a course which is difficult to duplicate on the basis of simple models for the process. The enthalpy of polymerization at low protein concentration varies from 12.5 kcal (mol of monomer)-1 (17500 daltons) under conditions where the product is largely a mixture of short helical rods to 6.0 kcal ol-1 for the formation of double disks containing 34 monomer units. In the former case, the polymerization is accompanied by a decrease in apparent heat capacity of 350 cal K-1 mol-1 while in the latter there is an increase of 150 cal K-1 mol-1. These results constitute evidence that these two types of polymerization involve intersubunit bonds of quite different chemical character. PMID- 7272277 TI - Mechanism of cholesterol exchange between phospholipid vesicles. AB - The kinetics of cholesterol exchange between two populations of small unilamellar vesicles has been investigated. There is no change in the initial rate of this exchange process over a 100-fold change in the acceptor vesicle concentration at a constant donor concentration. These results are not consistent with a collision dependent exchange mechanism. In support of transfer via the aqueous phase, the inclusion of a negatively charged lipid into the vesicles did not affect the exchange rate. Evidence for a water-soluble pool of cholesterol that had partitioned ut of the vesicle was obtained. Finally, cholesterol exchange was observed when donor and acceptor membranes were separated by a barrier through which neither could pass. These data together support our contention that the exchange of cholesterol between these vesicles involves a water-soluble intermediate. PMID- 7272278 TI - Isolation and structural characterization of human lymphocyte neutral glycosphingolipids. AB - The neutral glycosphingolipids of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and of the lymphoid cells from a patient with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia were chemically analyzed. Four neutral glycosphingolipids were chemically analyzed. Four neutral glycosphingolipids were isolated from each of these two sources and studied by gas chromatography, methylation analysis, and electron impact- desorption mass spectrometry. The results of these studies indicate that the compounds have the following structures: Glc1 leads to 1Cer Gal1 leads to 4Glc1 leads to 1Cer Gal1 leads to 4Gal1 leads to 4Glc1 leads to 1Cer GalNAc1 leads to 3Gal1 leads to 4Gal1 leads to 4Glc1 leads to 1Cer These compounds, belonging to the globo series, were the only neutral glycosphingolipids found in the lymphoid cells. The ceramide (Cer) moiety of all these compounds contained 4-sphingenine with C16:0, C24:0, and C24:1 as the major fatty acid species. There were no structural differences in the neutral glycosphingolipids of peripheral blood lymphocytes compared to those of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Peripheral blood lymphocytes contained more di- than monohexosylceramide whereas the reverse was true of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. The proportion of tri- and tetrahexosylceramide was less than 10% for both types of cells. The results of our analyses did not support the existence of any differences in the major neutral glycosphingolipids among T, B, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. PMID- 7272279 TI - Histone phosphorylation in macro- and micronuclei of Tetrahymena thermophila. AB - The patterns of histone phosphorylation in amitotically dividing, transcriptionally active macronuclei and in mitotically dividing, transcriptionally inert micronuclei of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila have been analyzed. Taken together, the major phosphorylation events in these two nuclei and their dependence on cell growth and/or division are remarkably similar to those in mammalian cells. Phosphorylation of H1-type proteins occurs in both nuclei and is positively correlated with growth and/or division. Phosphorylation of histone H3 is also positively correlated with growth and/or division but occurs only in micronuclei. Phosphorylation of histone H2A is relatively independent of growth state and occurs largely, if not exclusively, in macronuclei. Given the unique partition of nuclear functions between macro- and micronuclei, these results, coupled with previously reported temporal correlations between specific histone phosphorylations and cell cycle events in mammalian cells [Gurley, L. R., Tobey, R. A., Walters, R. A., Hildebrand, C. E., Hohmann, P. G., D'Anna, J. A., Barham, S. S., & Deaven, L. L. (1978a) in Cell Cycle Regulation (Jeter, J. R., Cameron, J. L., Padilla, G. M. & Zimmerman, A. M. Eds.) pp 37-60, Academic Press, New York], allow insights into the functions of histone phosphorylations. Specifically, a nonmitotic function for extensive H1 phosphorylation and a unique mitotic function for H3 phosphorylation are clearly indicated. A new role for H2A phosphorylation in the regulation of transcriptional activity is also proposed. PMID- 7272280 TI - Ion effects on the lac repressor--operator equilibrium. AB - The effects of ions on the interaction of lac repressor protein and operator DNA have been studied by the membrane filter technique. The equilibrium association constant was determined as a function of monovalent and divalent cation concentrations, anions, and pH. The binding of repressor and operator is extremely sensitive to the ionic environment. The dependence of the observed equilibrium constant on salt concentration is analyzed according to the binding theory of Record et al. [Record, M. T., Jr., Lohman, T. M., & deHaseth, P. L. (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 107, 145]. The number of ionic interactions in repressor- operator complex is deduced from the slopes of the linear log-log plots. About 11 ionic interactions are formed between repressor and DNA phosphates at pH 7.4 and about 9 ionic interactions at pH 8.0, in reasonable agreement with previous estimates. A favorable nonelectrostatic binding free energy of about 9-12 kcal/mol is estimated from the extrapolated equilibrium constants at the 1 M standard state. The values are in good accord with recent results for the salt independent binding of repressor core and operator DNA. The effects of pH on the repressor--operator interaction are small, and probably result from titration of functional groups in the DNA-binding site of the protein. For monovalent salts, the equilibrium constant is slightly dependent on cation type and highly dependent on anion type. At constant salt concentration, the equilibrium constant decreases about 10000-fold in the order CH3CO2- greater than or equal to F- greater than Cl- greater than Br- greater than NO3- greater than SCN- greater than I-. The wide range of accessible equilibrium constants provides a useful tool for in vitro studies of the repressor--operator interaction. PMID- 7272282 TI - Purification and characterization of an enkephalin aminopeptidase from rat brain. AB - Rat brain enkephalin aminopeptidase was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity. Enzyme activity was monitored during the purification by using ([3,5 3H2]Tyr)-Met-enkephalin and Tyr-beta-naphthylamide as substrates. It was shown that the enzyme activities resulting in hydrolysis of the tyrosine residue of ([3,5-3H2]Tyr)Met-enkephalin and formation of beta-naphthylamine from Tyr-beta naphthylamide copurified. The homogeneous enzyme had a specific activity of 10.5 mumol of beta-naphthylamide hydrolyzed min-1 mg-1. Hydrolysis of Met-enkephalin yielded the products L-tyrosine and the tetrapeptide Gly-Gly-Phe-Met. Subsequent removal of glycine from Gly-Gly-Phe-Met was not observed with the purified enzyme. The homogeneous aminopeptidase has an apparent molecular weight of 115000 on Sephadex G-200 and a molecular weight of 102000 as determined by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The enkephalin degrading enzyme had a pH optimum of 6.5-7.0 and exhibited maximal activity at 40 degrees C. Enzyme activity was inhibited by metal chelators, and it was found that 1 mol of Zn2+ was associated with 1 mol of enzyme (102000 Mr). The enzyme hydrolyzes various neutral and basic amino acid beta-naphthylamides but will not utilize acidic, D-amino acid, or N-terminal-blocked amino acid beta naphthylamides as substrates. PMID- 7272281 TI - Tropomyosin stability: assignment of thermally induced conformational transitions to separate regions of the molecule. AB - Tropomyosin was prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle and studied in a differential scanning calorimeter. The characteristics of the observed endotherms were studied as a function of p]H, salt concentration, oxidation state of Cys 190, and concentration of the divalent metal ions Ca2+ and Mg2+. The large shifts observed for the Tm values of the components of the endotherms with changing pH and salt concentration are consistent with electrostatic effects being an important determinant of the structural stability of tropomyosin. For reduced tropomyosin or tropomyosin blocked with N-ethylmaleimide, two endotherms were observed with Tm values of 41.5 and 52.5 degrees C at neutral pH in a low-salt buffer. For tropomyosin containing a disulfide link at Cys-190, two endotherms were observed with Tm values of 32 and 52 degrees C under the same conditions. The endotherm at 52 degrees C contains contributions from conformational transitions in two independent structural regions. An analysis of the heat capacity profiles for the two large cyanogen bromide peptides, CN1A and CN1B, enabled the assignment of two components of the endotherms to structural transitions in the C-terminal region which includes Cys-190 and in the N-terminal region. Calcium and magnesium ions in the 1-10 mM range increased the stability of several of the regions of the structure, presumably by binding to localized areas of excess negative charge. Unfolding of tropomyosin in the 20-70 degrees C range is a multistep process and occurs with an average enthalpy of 4 cal g-1. PMID- 7272283 TI - Effects of cations on affinity of calmodulin for calcium: ordered binding of calcium ions allows the specific activation of calmodulin-stimulated enzymes. AB - The acid stability of calmodulin has been used to devise a rapid and efficient method of decalcification based on trichloroacetic acid precipitation. Study of the competitive binding of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ to the Ca2+-binding sites of calmodulin has allowed determination of the intrinsic binding constants of each of the three cations for the four Ca2+-binding sites. The data are compatible with an ordered binding of Ca2+. If the Ca2+ sites are labeled A, B, C, and D starting at the NH2 terminus, the order of binding is postulated to be B, A, C, and D. The ordered binding properties support the suggestion that calmodulin translates quantitative Ca2+ signals into qualitatively different cellular responses. PMID- 7272284 TI - Interaction of apolipoprotein B from human serum low-density lipoprotein with egg yolk phosphatidylcholine. AB - A binary complex of apolipoprotein B and egg yolk lecithin has been formed which contains 250-350 mol of lipid/500000 g of protein. This particle retains many of the structural properties of native human low-density serum lipoprotein (LDL) as evidenced by the state of association of the protein, the circular dichroic spectrum, and immunological characteristics. Apolipoprotein B does not interact with lipid vesicles but rather binds a small number of phospholipid molecules in water-soluble form. This study represents the first partial reconstitution of native LDL from the delipidated apoprotein and is the initial step in a systematic investigation of the lipid binding properties of apolipoprotein B. PMID- 7272285 TI - Deuterium and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence depolarization studies of functional reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane vesicles. PMID- 7272286 TI - L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) uptake by human red blood cells. AB - The uptake of L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) was studied in normal human red blood cells in vitro using L-[3-14C]DOPA. Uptake was slow, tending towards a distribution ratio close to unity with a half-time to equilibrium of one hour. Uptake was not Na+-dependent. Concentration dependence studies showed both saturable and non-saturable components of uptake, and inhibition studies using L leucine and L-tryptophan suggest that the L and T systems of red cell amino acid uptake are involved. A powerful inhibitor of both systems, 3,4-dihydroxy-2 methylpropriophenone (U-0521), is described. It is concluded that uptake is by carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion via the L and T systems for which L-DOPA has low affinity. PMID- 7272287 TI - Surface potential of phosphatidylserine monolayers. II. Divalent and monovalent ion binding. AB - Ion binding constants for phosphatidylserine membranes have been derived from the variation of the surface potential of phosphatidylserine monolayers with divalent cation concentrations in the presence of various monovalent salts in the aqueous subphase. The observed surface potential data for the monolayers, analyzed by use of the Gouy-Chapman diffuse potential theory, together with a simple binding reaction formula, yield, for Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and (Me)4N+ binding constant values of 30 M-1, 10 M-1, 0.6 M-1 and 0.05 M-1, respectively. The effect of pH on surface potential of phosphatidylserine monolayers was found to be dependent upon ionic species other than H+ in the subphase solution. The distinction between apparent and intrinsic dissociation constants of H+ for biomolecules was made in terms of ion binding due to other ions at the same site as for H+ in biomolecules. PMID- 7272288 TI - A statistical mechanical treatment of fatty acyl chain order in phospholipid bilayers and correlation with experimental data. A. Theory. AB - A theoretical model has been developed in order to describe the organization of acyl chains in phospholipid bilayers. Since the model is intended to reproduce highly quantitative experimental results such as the deuterium magnetic resonance (NMR) data and to supplement the experimental information, all the rotameric degrees of freedom, the excluded volume interactions and the van der Waals interactions have been considered. The model is a direct extension of a generalized van der Waals theory of nematic liquid crystals to flexible molecules. In this picture, the anisotropy of the short-range repulsive forces which are treated by a hard core potential is introduced as the dominant factor governing intrinsic order among the chains. The anisotropy of the attractive forces, which are approximated by a molecular field, plays a somewhat secondary role. The dependence of the energy of interaction on the relative chain conformations is approximated by two order parameters reflecting respectively the 'average shape' of the molecules and the 'average shape' in a 'mean orientation'. The influence of the interactions in the polar region on the lateral chain area is accounted for by an effective lateral pressure. In certain aspects the model has features in common with the Marcelja theory. PMID- 7272289 TI - Analysis of the hexagonal II phase and its relations to lipidic particles and the lamellar phase. A freeze-fracture study. AB - Model systems of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and cardiolipin (DPG), as pure components and in binary mixtures with phosphatidylcholine (PC) have been morphologically analysed. The relation between the hexagonalII (HII) phase and lipidic particles as well as between the HII phase and the lamellar phase has been studied. Moreover, the periodicity of the various HII tubes was determined. (1) The periodicity of the HII phase of cardiolipin is dependent on the cation involved. DPG-Ca exhibits the smallest tube to tube distance when compared to Mg2+ and Mn2+. Moreover, the DPG-Ca tubes are quite straight, in contrast to the Mg2+ and Mn2+ tubes, which appear to be frequently curved. (2) HII tubes with two distinct diameters have been observed in HII phase containing lipid mixtures. The thickness of the HII tube is related to the composition of the tube. In the cardiolipin-lecithin system, structural separation of the pure cardiolipin HII phase has been suggested with Mg2+ and Mn2+, but not with Ca2+. (3) Models for the HII to lamellar phase transition and for the HII phase to the lipidic particles are presented. (4) Lipidic particles are exclusively found in lipid model systems, which contain HII phase favouring lipids. Morphological evidence is presented which suggests these lipidic particles represent inverted micells. These observations include: (i) there is a strong topological and quantitative relation between HII tubes and lipidic particles, (ii) lipidic particles occur densely packed in conglomerates without the presence of a smooth layer. PMID- 7272290 TI - The adsorption of divalent cations to phosphatidylglycerol bilayer membranes. AB - The ability of Stern equation to describe the adsorption of divalent cations to phosphatidylglycerol membranes was tested by combining 31P-NMR and electrophoretic mobility measurements. In 0.1 M sodium chloride both the 31P-NMR and the zeta potential data are well described by the Stern equation. 31P-NMR and 13C-NMR results indicate that cobalt forms inner-sphere complexes only with the phosphate group of phosphatidylglycerol molecules and that a substantial fraction of the adsorbed cobalt ions form outer-sphere complexes. Evidence is presented that suggests the alkaline earth cations also bind to phospholipids mainly by forming outer sphere complexes. Electrophoretic mobility measurements were performed with several different divalent cations. In all cases the zeta potentials in 0.1 M sodium chloride were well described by the Stern equation. The intrinsic 1:1 association constants (M-1) for the phosphatidylglycerol complexes decreased in the sequence: Mn2+, 11.5; Ca2+, 8.5; Ni2+, 7.5; Co2+, 6.5; Mg2+, 6.0; Ba2+, 5.5 and Sr2+, 5.0. PMID- 7272291 TI - Comparison of kinetic characteristics of Na+-Ca2+ exchange in sarcolemma vesicles and cultured cells from chick heart. AB - The kinetic characteristics of Na+-Ca2+ exchange in isolated sarcolemma vesicles from new-borne chick heart, which contain about 70% of right-side-out vesicles, were compared with those of cultured embryonic chick heart cells. Na+-Ca2+ exchange was monitored as Nai-dependent Ca2+ uptake. Increase in the internal concentration of Na+ ([Na+]i) in these two preparations caused increase in both the initial rate and the saturation-level of Ca2+ uptake. Plots of the rate of Ca2+ uptake against [Na+]i showed similar saturation-kinetics in these two preparations. The apparent Michaelis constant (Km) (0.35 mM) for Ca2+ uptake by the intact cells was much higher than that (0.031 mM) for Ca2+ uptake by the vesicles. The degree of inhibition by Mg2+ was also higher in the cells than in the vesicles. Some possible reasons (age of the chicks used, membrane potential, etc.), for these differences were examined and are discussed. PMID- 7272292 TI - The solubility of anesthetic gases in lipid bilayers. AB - We have measured the lipid/gas partition coefficients at various temperatures of eight anesthetic agents in two sonicated lipid bilayers containing either 96% egg phosphatidylcholine/4% phosphatidic acid or 64% egg phosphatidylcholine/3% phosphatidic acid/33% cholesterol. The Bunsen lipid/gas partition coefficients in the pure phospholipid bilayer at 25 degrees C were: methoxyflurane 820 (interpolated), halothane 150, isoflurane 140, fluroxene 52, xenon 1.4, sulfur hexafluoride 0.24, carbon tetrafluoride 0.056 and hexafluoroethane 0.34. These partition coefficients were close to those in a bulk hydrophobic solvent (olive oil) but were reduced by about 20% in the cholesterol-containing bilayer preparation. In biomembranes the partition coefficient for halothane was lower than in lipid bilayers by about half an order of magnitude. As in olive oil, the partition coefficients mostly increased with decreasing temperature. The enthalpy, entropy and free energy associated with transfer of 1 mol of these agents from the gas phase at 1 atmosphere partial pressure and 25 degrees C into the lipid bilayers under the same conditions were calculated from the temperature variation of the partition coefficients. All of these compounds, with the exception of methoxyflurane, fit the Barclay Butler relationship between entropy and enthalpy of partitioning. The Bunsen partition coefficients were correlated with the anesthetic potencies of seven of these agents in mice and in dogs. Comparisons were made between the different bilayers and olive oil and between hypotheses of anesthesia based on concentration of anesthetic at the active site (Meyer-Overton) and based on the product of concentration and molar volume of anesthetic at the active site (Mullins). Excellent correlations between anesthetic potency and lipid bilayer partition were obtained in all cases. The most consistent fits to the predicted slopes were achieved when both molar volume and partitioning of the anesthetic into the cholesterol-containing bilayer were taken into account, but the differences between the models were small. PMID- 7272293 TI - Parathyroid hormone inhibition of phosphate transport in renal brush border vesicles from phosphate-depleted dogs. AB - Dietary phosphate (Pi) restriction increases renal Pi reabsorption and induces resistance to the phosphaturic action of parathyroid hormone. Na+-gradient stimulated Pi transport in membrane vesicles isolated from the renal brush border of experimental animals has been shown to parallel changes in renal Pi reabsorption induced by dietary Pi restriction and in vivo administration of parathyroid hormone. Dietary Pi restriction has been shown to markedly inhibit the phosphaturic response to parathyroid hormone in rats and dogs. Parathyroid hormone has been reported not to decrease the Na+-gradient-stimulated transport of Pi in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from dietary Pi restricted rats unless the rats were administered an acute Pi load prior to killing, however, thyroparathyroidectomy of rats fed a low Pi diet has been reported to increase Na+-gradient-stimulated Pi transport. Using the dietary Pi restricted dog, we demonstrated no significant decrease in renal reabsorption of Pi in response to parathyroid hormone administration. However, significant decreases in Pi transport in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from the kidneys of dietary Pi restricted dogs were observed in response to in vivo parathyroid hormone administration. These data demonstrate that the resistance to the phosphaturic action of parathyroid hormone observed in vivo does not include resistance to the inhibitory effect of parathyroid hormone on Pi transport in brush border membrane vesicles. Thus, the data suggest that parathyroid hormone continues to alter Pi transport characteristics of the brush border membrane in states of Pi depletion despite the resistance to parathyroid hormone seen in vivo. PMID- 7272294 TI - The thickness of monoolein lipid bilayers as determined from reflectance measurements. AB - Measurements of the reflectance of monoolein/n-alkane and monoolein/squalene lipid bilayers have been made. The total thickness of the bilayer was calculated from the dependence of reflectance on the refractive index of the aqueous salt or sucrose solution surrounding the bilayer. The total thickness was then compared to the thickness of the hydrocarbon chain region as determined from capacitance measurements. From this comparison, we found that the thickness of each polar region of the bilayers in salt solutions was 0.5 +/- 0.1 nm, independent of the hydrocarbon solvent used. When the aqueous solutions contained sucrose, each polar region was approx. 0.9 nm thick. When n-tetradecane and n-hexadecane were used as solvents, microlenses of solvent trapped in the monoolein bilayer increased the reflectance. After about one hour, the coalescence of microlenses into larger lenses allowed the reflectance of the bilayer alone to be measured. The use of reflectance to measure the thickness of monoolein bilayers appears to be consistent with other methods and to give useful information about the structure of lipid bilayers. PMID- 7272295 TI - Phase transitions and cholesterol effects in phospholipid liposomes. A new method employing the enhancement of the O-O vibronic transition of pyrene. AB - The enhancement of the weakly allowed 0-0 vibronic transition in the fluorescence spectrum of the probe pyrene, which we previously showed to result from ground state complexation with polar groups, has been shown in the present study to offer a new method for determining phase transition temperatures of liposomes and for studying the effects of cholesterol on the structure of their semipolar glycerol backbone. For dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine it is found that small cholesterol contents (approximately 9 mol%) induce an increase in the polarity of the microenvironment of the probe, whereas contents greater than or equal to 13 mol% induce a decrease in the polarity. The results are discussed in terms of cholesterol effects on the frequency and extent of thermally-induced structural fluctuations which, in turn, affect the penetration of the probe into the bilayer. PMID- 7272296 TI - Preparation of cell-size unilamellar liposomes with high captured volume and defined size distribution. AB - Cell-size unilamellar vesicles were made by removing solvents from microscopic chloroform spherules containing smaller water droplets within. The average diameter of the vesicles in a typical preparation was 9.2 mum, comparable to that of human erythrocytes (7 mum). The standard deviation of the size distribution was 3.0 mum. The unilamellarity and bilayer unit membrane of vesicles were demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. Materials so far successfully incorporated into vesicles include glucose, sucrose, Arsenazo III and Ponceau S dyes, thymidine triphosphate, methotrexate, agarose, collagen, ferritin, polyadenylic aid, DNA, and whole bacteria. The captured volume per milligram of lipids (up to 144 microliter/mg) was almost an order of magnitude greater than the highest value reported in the literature to date (up to 15.6 microliter/mg) (Szoka, F.C. and Papahadjopoulos, D. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad, Sci. U.S.A. 75, 4194-4198). PMID- 7272297 TI - Adsorption of inhalation anesthetics on the air/water interface and the effect of water structure. PMID- 7272299 TI - A study of the current-voltage relationships of electrogenic active and passive membrane elements in Riccia fluitans. PMID- 7272298 TI - Partition equilibrium of inhalation anesthetics and alcohols between water and membranes of phospholipids with varying acyl chain-lengths. AB - From the depression of the phase-transition temperature of phospholipid membranes, the partition coefficients of inhalation anesthetics (methoxyflurane, halothane, enflurane, chloroform and diethyl ether) and alcohols (benzyl alcohol and homologous n-alcohols up to C = 7) between phospholipid vesicle membranes and water were determined. The phospholipids used were dimyristoyl-, dipalmitoyl- and distearoylphosphatidylcholines. It was found that the difference in the acyl chain length of the three phospholipids did not affect the partition coefficients of the inhalation anesthetics and benzyl alcohol. The actions of these drugs are apparently directed mainly to the interfacial region. In contrast, n-alcohols tend to bind more tightly to the phospholipid vesicles with longer acyl chains. The absolute values of the transfer free energies of n-alcohols increased with the increase of the length of the alkyl chain of the alcohols. The increment was 3.43 kJ per each carbon atom. The numerical values of the partition coefficients are not identical when different expressions for solute concentrations (mole fraction, molality and molarity) are employed. The conversion factors among these values were estimated from the molecular weights and the partial molal volumes of the phospholipids in aqueous solution determined by oscillation densimetry. PMID- 7272300 TI - Determination of surface potential in liposomes. AB - The ability of the fluorescent pH indicator 4-heptadecylumbelliferone to detect the electrical potential at the surface of negatively charged liposomes, was investigated. The vesicles were prepared from mixtures of egg lecithin and dicetyl phosphate at different molar ratios in NaCl solutions of various concentrations. It has been found that the dependence of the experimental surface potential in the proportion of charged lipid in the vesicles and on the salt concentration in the aqueous phase, was very similar to the predictions of the Gouy-Chapman equation as calculated by assuming a reasonable value for the mean molecular area of the lamellar lipids. In view of the good correlation obtained between the experimental and theoretical results, it is concluded that 43 heptadecylumbelliferone is quantitatively sensitive to changes in double-layer potential at the surface of lipid vesicles. PMID- 7272301 TI - Disruption of liposomes by tetracaine micelles. AB - The effect of the local anesthetic tetracaine hydrochloride on the stability of egg lecithin vesicles has been studied by means of a filtration procedure using Pellicon membranes with an average molecular weight limit of retention of 10(5). These filters were efficient to retain liposomes and allowed the free passage of disrupted vesicles as detected by measuring the phospholipid content in the filtrates. It has been found that at concentrations above 0.05 M, the anesthetic induces disruption of liposomes presumably through formation of mixed micelles of tetracaine and phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 7272302 TI - A theory for the effects of diffusion-reaction coupling on the carrier-mediated ionic permeability in lipid bilayers. PMID- 7272303 TI - Osmotic water permeability of rabbit corneal endothelium and its dependence on ambient concentration. AB - We measured the fluid flow osmotically induced by sucrose concentration differences across the isolated rabbit corneal endothelium to determine if its osmotic water permeability, Pos, depends on the concentrations on both sides as well as on the concentration difference across that tissue. We found that when the osmotically induced fluid flow went from stroma to aqueous, Pos decreased from 35 +/- 4 mum/s to 20 +/- 3 mum/s when an additional 20 mosM sucrose was added to the solutions on both sides of the endothelium. However, when the osmotically induced fluid flow was towards the stroma, Pos remained practically unchanged. (28 +/- 4 mum/s vs. 31 +/- 5 mum/s), when additional 20 mosM sucrose was present on both sides. These changes in the measured permeability are consistent with the possibility that sucrose would be swept into the intercellular channels by the osmotically induced fluid flow. We also confirmed that an osmotic gradient can 'prime' the fluid pump. After a gradient was removed, gradients which had previously induced flow from stroma to aqueous caused an increase in the basal fluid pump rate, while gradients in the opposite direction decreased that fluid pump rate. PMID- 7272305 TI - Alignment of partially denatured DNA molecules. PMID- 7272304 TI - Electrical characteristics of the apical and basal-lateral membranes in the turtle bladder epithelial cell layer. PMID- 7272306 TI - DNA double-stranded breaks in mammalian cells after exposure to intercalating agents. AB - Previous work has shown that exposing mouse L1210 cells to intercalating agents such as adriamycin, ellipticine and actinomycin D results in DNA single-stranded breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks. To characterize further the interaction between these drugs and intracellular DNA we have employed a modification of the alkaline elution technique which allows the detection of DNA double-stranded breaks. Ellipticine (1.25-5.0 microgram/ml) adriamycin (0.5-3.0 microgram/ml) and actinomycin D (1.5-3.0 microgram/ml) all caused double-stranded breaks in DNA from L1210 cells following a 1 h treatment. The number of double-stranded breaks found per single strand break was highest for ellipticine, despite the fact that this is least cytotoxic of the three drugs. By comparing the single and double strand break frequency caused by radiation to that caused by ellipticine, it appears that most if not all of the drug-induced single strand breaks observed actually represent double-strand breaks. We suggest that these double-strand breaks may result from the action of an intracellular enzyme, perhaps topoisomerase, which breaks both strans in concert to relieve the topological strain caused by drug intercalation. PMID- 7272308 TI - A small-angle and wide-angle x-ray scattering study of the shape and secondary structure of native 5 S RNA from rat liver ribosomes. AB - Native 5 S RNA from rat liver ribosomes was investigated by means of small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering. The radius of gyration, Rs of the molecule is 3.1 nm, the maximum dimension, L, 10.5 nm and the shape volume, Vc, about 60 nm3. The overall shape of the molecule as derived from these parameters is a flat elliptical cylinder with dimensions of 2a = 10.45 nm, 2b = 6.94 nm, H = 1.06 nm. The cross-section radius of gyration of 0.92 nm and the mass per unit length of 2610 mol X nm-1 of the 5 S RNA molecule are typical for a double helical organized RNA molecule. From wide-angle scattering data it can be concluded that the double helical regions are in the A-form characterized by an 11-fold helix with a turn angle of 32.7 degrees and a distance of 0.28 nm between adjacent base pairs. A refined electron density model of a distorted L shape is proposed for the 5 S RNA molecule. PMID- 7272307 TI - Comparison of the effects of hydrogen peroxide and x-ray irradiation on toxicity, mutation, and DNA damage/repair in mammalian cells (V-79). AB - Hydrogen peroxide is not detectably mutagenic at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transfer locus (measured as 6-thioguanine resistance) in V-79 Chinese hamster lung cells, yet is cytotoxic with a Do dose of 240 muM. X-ray, by contrast, is both mutagenic and cytotoxic with a Do dose of 260 rad for cytotoxicity. The number of DNA single-strand breaks induced at equitoxic doses is much greater for hydrogen peroxide than it is for X-ray. Single-strand breaks are repaired with initial t 1/2 values of 5.0 min for X-ray and 6.8 min for hydrogen peroxide; after 12.5 min X-ray repair becomes biphasic, whereas H2O2 repair remains linear. Hydrogen peroxide does not induce either DNA-protein or DNA-DNA crosslinks, although X-ray has been previously shown to induce DNA protein crosslinks. Hydroxyl radicals scavengers reduce the number of DNA single strand breaks induced by hydrogen peroxide and X-ray, which implies that hydroxyl radicals may mediate the formation of these breaks. Because of hydroxyl radicals are produced by both agents, yet only X-ray is mutagenic, we conclude that hydroxyl radicals are not necessarily mutagenic in V-79 cells. The implications of these findings for the detection of carcinogens and mutagens is discussed. PMID- 7272310 TI - Determination of 5-methylcytosine from plant DNA by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The relative amounts of the five nucleosides (deoxycytidine, 5 methyldeoxycytidine, deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine and thymidine) in the DNA of nine plant species, one plant satellite DNA, and one animal species were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The method allows the clean separation of the nucleosides from 10 microgram samples with 15 min. The following values for the proportion of methylated cytosines among all cytosines were obtained: Lobularia maritima 18.5%, Nicotiana tabacum 32.6%, Pisum sativum 23.2%, Rhinanthus minor 29.2%, Sinapsis alba 12.2%, Vicia faba 30.5%, Viscum album 23.2%, Cymbidium pumilum 18.8%, Cymbidium pumilum AT-rich satellite DNA 15.8%, Triticum aestivum 22.4%. DNA of an animal, the gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, had a methylation percentage of 3.1%. An estimate of the GC content based on the buoyant density of DNA tends to be lower than the actual value, an estimate based on the melting temperature tends to be higher. This supports the finding by other authors that DNA methylation decreases the buoyant density and may increase the melting temperature at high m5C concentration. PMID- 7272309 TI - The stimulation of globin synthesis by cobalt in reticulocytes with inhibited heme synthesis. AB - Cobalt was found to stimulate globin synthesis in reticulocytes the heme synthesis of which was inhibited by isonicotinic acid hydrazide or 4,6 dioxoheptanoic acid (succinyl acetone). These results suggest that in reticulocytes cobalt does not stimulate globin synthesis through the formation of cobalt protoporphyrin. They do, however, support the hypothesis that cobalt causes the formation of a pool heme from preformed hemoglobin which stimulates the synthesis of new globin chains. PMID- 7272311 TI - Nucleic acid-protein interactions. Degradation of double-stranded RNA by glycosylated ribonucleases. AB - 1. Extensively glycosylated ribonucleases, like the enzymes from pig and horse pancreas, show a much higher activity on double-stranded RNAs than similarly charged, carbohydrate-free RNAases under stranded assay conditions (relatively high salt concentrations). Glycosylated pig and horse pancreas RNAases also show a larger destabilizing effect on double-stranded poly[d(A-T)] X poly[d(A-T)], than that displayed by bovine RNAase A under these conditions. Both activities show a similar dependence on the ionic strength of the medium. 2. A partial enzymic removal of the heterosaccharide side chains from pig and horse RNAases reduces but their degradative activity on double-stranded RNA and their destabilizing action on poly[d(A-T)] X poly[d(A-T)]. 3. These results are tentatively correlated with a modification of the microenvironment of the enzyme protein caused by its extensive glycosylation. PMID- 7272312 TI - Evidence for heme pi cation radical species in compound I of horseradish peroxidase and catalase. AB - Magnetic circular dichroism spectra are reported for the compound I species of beef liver catalase (hydrogen-peroxide: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6) and horseradish peroxidase (donor: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7) and the pi cation radical derivatives of porphyrins that have been suggested as models of the electronic configuration of the heme in the compound I species of these enzymes. Comparison of the magnetic circular dichroism spectra of the compound I species with the spectra of [Co(octaethylporphyrin)]2Br and [Co(octaethylporphyrin)]2ClO4 indicates that in both the intermediate enzyme species the heme has been oxidized to a pi cation radical. While there is a clear distinction between the magnetic circular dichroism spectra of the 2A2u porphyrin [Co(III)octaethylporphyrin]2ClO4, and the 2A1u porphyrin, [Co(III)octaethylporphyrin]2Br, such specific differences are not observed in the spectra of the two enzymes. Analysis of our data suggests that the ground states in the two enzymes are far more similar than the ground states in the two model porphyrins. PMID- 7272313 TI - Heterologous enzyme-enzyme complex between D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and triosephosphate isomerase from Ceratitis capitata. PMID- 7272314 TI - The kinetics of hydrolysis of some extended N-aminoacyl-L-phenylalanine methyl esters by bovine chymotrypsin A-alpha. Evidence for enzyme subsite S5. AB - A series of N-acetylated peptide methyl esters of general formula N-acetyl (glycyl)n-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (n = 0--3) has been synthesized to study the effect of varying aminoacyl chain length on the efficiency of chymotrypsin A alpha (EC 3.4.21.1) catalysed ester hydrolysis. Values of kcat and Km for each substrate have been obtained from kinetic measurements at pH 8.00 and 25.0 degrees C. It has been found that for the first three members of the series (n = 0--2) there is an increase in kcat value as the aminoacyl chain length is increased. However, the kinetic constants (kcat and Km) for the third (n = 2) and fourth (n = 3) members of the series were found to be very similar. These results are shown to be consistent with a substrate binding scheme proposed for the isomeric enzyme chymotrypsin A gamma. The enzyme-catalysed reactions were also investigated over a range of temperature (15--35 degrees C). In each case the Arrhenius law was obeyed, within experimental error, and evaluation of meaningful values for the thermodynamic functions of activation (delta H++ and delta S++) was possible with certain assumptions. In contrast to the similarly of kinetic constants found for the third and fourth members of the substrate series, the corresponding values of delta H++ and delta S++ were markedly different. These results, together with those for the first two members of the series are interpreted in terms of a model binding system which is consistent with the existence of further enzyme subsites in the S4--S5 region. PMID- 7272315 TI - Spontaneously reactivation of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate. AB - When electric eel acetylcholinesterase is inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate at 0 degree C most of the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated. However, 0.13- 0.18% of the initial activity returns spontaneously after the unbound inhibitor is removed or when the inhibited enzyme is diluted into a large excess of competing substrate. A subsequent inhibition-reactivation cycle results in an essentially complete return of activity with minimal aging. The extent of aging increases substantially when inhibition and reactivation are performed at temperatures above 0 degree C. The free energy of activation for spontaneous reactivation was determined to be 20.1 kcal . mol-1. This large free energy of activation indicates that the reactivation process is a typical dephosphorylation reaction. The computer program used in determining the rate constants and the final extent of reactivation may be widely applicable in similar kinetic studies. PMID- 7272316 TI - The effect of lead on hemoglobin-catalyzed lipid peroxidation. AB - Lead significantly increases the rate of hemoglobin-catalyzed lipid peroxidation. The inhibition of this effect by superoxide dismutase and catalase suggests that superoxide radicals and H2O2 are somehow involved. Furthermore, lead catalyzes methemoglobin formation both in pure hemoglobin solutions and in hemolysates in which all protecting systems are present. It is speculated that a superoxide radical released in lead-catalyzed hemoglobin autoxidation may initiate the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in red cell membrane. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the preliminary conversion of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin decreases the rate of peroxidation. A conclusion is drawn that in native erythrocyte Pb2+ may exert a pro-oxidant effect, possibly by interacting with hemoglobin. PMID- 7272317 TI - Studies on the activity of acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase and acid cholesterol ester synthetase in rat aortas. AB - Acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) activity was measured in microsomal preparations from rat aorta (intima-media) with [14C]oleoyl CoA and endogenous cholesterol as substrates. The specific activity of ACAT in liver and adrenal microsomal preparations was 10--20-times greater than ACAT activity in aortic microsomes; no ACAT activity could be detected in fat pad microsomes. ACAT activity in liver and adrenal microsomes was enhanced by the addition of exogenous cholesterol. In contrast, exogenous cholesterol did not increase ACAT activity in rat aortic microsomes. Levels of endogenous cholesterol and ACAT activity in microsomal preparations from rat aorta were not reduced when circulating plasma cholesterol levels were decreased by the administration of 4 aminopyrazolopyrimidine to rats. Acid cholesterol ester synthetase activity was not detectable in high-speed supernatant fractions from rat aorta; low levels of activity could be measured in rat aorta microsomal preparations but this was less than 10% of ACAT activity. Thus, ACAT would seem to be the principal enzymatic route for the synthesis of cholesterol esters in aorta. PMID- 7272318 TI - Phospholipid synthesis in fetal lung organotypic cultures and isolated type II pneumocytes. AB - Type II pneumocytes from fetal rabbit lungs were grown in an organotypic system and used to study surfactant phospholipid synthesis. This organotypic system was further employed as a means for isolating purified type II cells which were grown in monolayer cultures. Phospholipid synthetic properties for these purified type II cells at different stages of culture were studied using the radioactivity labeled substances: palmitate, choline and acetate. Additionally, fibroblasts were recovered from the organotypic system and grown in isolated cultures or in combination with type II cells. A comparison of the phospholipid composition and biosynthesis for these cell preparations indicated that in all instances, with the exception of fetal lung fibroblasts, the cultures were capable of producing saturated phosphatidylcholine as a major phospholipid product. The relative molar incorporation into phospholipids for the substrates studied differed depending on the type cell preparation being examined. The formation of surfactant phospholipids appeared most similar for the organotypic system and mixed fibroblast/type II cell preparations. Furthermore, a mixed culture of fibroblasts and type II cells produced larger proportions of surfactant phospholipids than type II cells alone. These observations indicate that the organotypic system is a useful model for examining fetal lung surfactant phospholipid synthesis and may also be employed as a simple means or isolating fetal type II pneumocytes. PMID- 7272319 TI - Phospholipid metabolism of dog liver under hypoxic conditions induced by ligation of the hepatic artery. AB - Ischemic hypoxic liver was induced in dogs by ligation of the hepatic artery. About 67% of the dogs died of liver necrosis within 1 or 2 days (severe cases), and the rest survived (mild cases). In the severe cases, the decreases in the contents of total lipids, phospholipids and proteins of the liver after 24 h were 24, 46 and 12%, respectively, of the original values. The marked decrease in phospholipids was due to decreases in the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions. In the mild cases, similar but smaller decreases occurred and decrease of phospholipids occurred only in the microsomal fraction. The main phospholipids were choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids, and their molecular species were analyzed. In the severe cases, ligation resulted in relative increases in mono- and diene species and a decrease in polyene species. No increase in phospholipase activity was found at various times after ligation of the hepatic artery. Penicillin-treated dogs all survived and showed little decrease in liver phospholipids. PMID- 7272320 TI - The identity and properties of two forms of activated colipase from porcine pancreas. AB - Colipase is excreted as a procolipase, colipase101. It is activated by low concentrations of trypsin, hydrolyzing the N-terminal pentapeptide. With higher concentrations of trypsin or in the presence of Ca2+ a smaller form of colipase containing 85 amino acids, appears. It has glycine as the N-terminal and arginine as the C-terminal amino acid residue and has lost 11 amino acids in the C terminal chain. The ability of colipase85 to activate lipase with tributyrin as substrate is about the same as for colipase96 and procolipase. With fenfluramine, an anoretic agent, added to the tributyrin colipase assay system, the specific activities of colipase96 and colipase85 are similar and about five times higher than that of colipase101. With intralipid as substrate colipase85 enables lipase to reach the triacylglycerol substrate more rapidly than colipase96, having about six times shorter lagtime for a given concentration. Colipase84, obtained by splitting off the C-terminal arginine from colipase85, has a lagtime somewhere between colipase85 and colipase96, pointing to the importance of arginine85 for Intralipid activity. The binding between lipase and colipase has about the same strength for procolipase, colipase96 and for colipase85, Kd being about 10(-6) M either in buffer or in the presence of 2 mM taurodeoxycholate at pH 7. Addition of long chain fatty acids in the presence of bile salts increases the binding strength between colipase and lipase 100-fold, both for colipase96 and colipase85. PMID- 7272321 TI - Fatty acid synthesis in mouse brown adipose tissue. The influence of environmental temperature on the proportion of whole-body fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue and the liver. AB - Fatty acid synthesis has been measured in vivo with 3H2O in mice acclimated at different environmental temperatures (33, 22, 4 degrees C), and the importance of brown adipose tissue and the liver to whole-body fatty acid synthesis at each temperature assessed. At 33 degrees C, when non-shivering thermogenesis is minimal, the rate of fatty acid synthesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue was lower than in the liver, but higher than in white adipose tissue and the carcass. At 4 degrees C, when non-shivering thermogenesis is maximal, the fatty acid synthesis rate in interscapular brown adipose tissue was many times greater than in any other tissue. High fatty acid synthesis rates were also found in other brown adipose tissue depots--subscapular, dorsocervical and axillary--of cold-acclimated mice. In mice maintained at 22 degrees C the rate of fatty acid synthesis was also higher in brown adipose tissue than in other tissues. Overall, the relative importance of brown adipose tissue as a site of fatty acid synthesis increased with lower environmental temperatures, while that of the liver decreased. It was calculated that brown adipose tissue in total accounted for approx. 5% of whole-body fatty acid synthesis at 33 degrees C, 10% at 22 degrees C and 30% at 4 degrees C. In contrast, hepatic synthesis amounted to 32% of whole body fatty acid synthesis at 33 degrees C, 16% at 22 degrees C and only 11% at 4 degrees C. An estimate of the contribution that de novo synthesis makes to total fatty acid utilization by interscapular brown adipose tissue suggests that fatty acid synthesis and breakdown constitutes a significant heat-dissipating 'cycle' in brown adipose tissue of cold-acclimated mice. Such a cycle is not evident in suckling animals since fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue is very low during early development. PMID- 7272322 TI - A comparison of bile salt binding to lymph and plasma albumin in the rat. AB - The binding of bile salts to proteins in rat plasma and rat lymph has been investigated. Under the non-equilibrium conditions of gel chromatography no binding of glycochenodeoxycholate or glycocholate to any of the lymph proteins was observed. In contrast, plasma bound a proportion of both bile salts. When lymph was treated with charcoal, binding of glycochenodeoxycholate to a protein with a molecular weight identical to albumin occurred. Equilibrium binding studies showed that the binding of glycocholate to partially purified plasma albumin exhibited saturation kinetics with a dissociation constant of 2 x 10(-4) M. In contrast, the binding of glycocholate to lymph albumin was non-saturable. Potassium oleate, when added to plasma in a free fatty acid : albumin molar ratio of 3.8 : 1, almost completely inhibited the binding of chenodeoxycholate to plasma albumin. The endogenous free fatty acid : albumin ratios found in systemic plasma and lymph were 0.6 : 1 and 9.2 : 1, respectively. It is suggested that the high free fatty acid concentrations found in lymph inhibit the binding of bile salts to albumin. PMID- 7272323 TI - Development of the capacity of mouse mammary glands for medium chain fatty acid synthesis during pregnancy and lactation. AB - The time-course for appearance of fatty acid synthetase and thioesterase II, enzymes required for the synthesis of medium chain (C8--C12) fatty acids by the mammary gland, has been studied in the mouse and compared with that in the rat. The development of high levels of fatty acid synthetase in the mouse mammary gland during the early days of lactation coincided with an observed increase in the overall lipogenic capacity of the gland, assessed by measuring the incorporation of radioactive acetate into fat in tissue slices. Both the level of thioesterase II in the gland and the proportion of medium chain fatty acids synthesized from acetate by tissue slices began to increase in late gestation but did not reach a maximum until lactation was well established. In this regard the mouse is distinctly different from the rat, which establishes maximum levels of thioesterase II in the mammary gland prior to parturition. The significance of this difference as it relates to mammary gland development is discussed. PMID- 7272324 TI - Intestinal cholesterol uptake from mixed micelles. In vitro effects of taurocholate, taurochenodeoxycholate and tauroursodeoxycholate. AB - Cholesterol uptake by everted rat jejunal sacs is lower from mixed micelles containing tauroursodeoxycholate than from those with taurocholate or taurochenodeoxycholate. This occurs in spite of a greater saturation with cholesterol of tauroursodeoxycholate micelles as measured by equilibrium solubility studies. The results suggest that cholesterol saturation of solutions containing tauroursodeoxycholate is overestimated when calculated with reference to solubility in micellar form. PMID- 7272325 TI - Physical and chemical characterization of the major lactose-blockable lectin activity from fetal calf skeletal muscle. AB - The lactose-blockable lectin activity from fetal calf skeletal muscle has been purified to apparent homogeneity. The purification entails differential centrifugation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, asialofetuin affinity chromatography with a lactose gradient and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose. In the last step, the activity is resolved into a major and minor species, designated ion-exchange-purified lectins I and II, respectively. Both lectin activities are reversibly inhibited by lactose and appear as single bands with identical mobilities on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Lectin II was not obtained in sufficient quantities for further characterization. Lectin I is characterized by a functional requirement for reducing agents and sensitivity to N-ethylmaleimide, which suggests a role for an essential thiol in its activity. Subunit molecular weight determinations by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (12 000 +/- 1 000) and by gel filtration in 6 M guanidine . HCl (13 000 +/- 1 000), when compared with that obtained under native conditions on Bio-Rad P-60 gels (27 000 +/- 2 000), suggest a true Mr of 25 000 +/- 3 000 for the dimeric molecule. Amino acid composition data, when fitted to this molecular weight, lead to the tentative conclusion that the intact dimer is composed of two very similar but compositionally non-identical chains, designated by alpha and beta. While the only detectable N-terminal amino acid is tryptophan, the isoelectric focusing pattern of lectin I supports this heterodimeric structure. In addition, a lactose-sensitive hemagglutinating activity which can be separated from the lactose-blockade activity by affinity chromatography was also observed. PMID- 7272326 TI - Kinetics of neutral transition of human serum albumin. AB - The fast step in the conformational change of human serum albumin from the alkaline to the neutral form of the albumin-bilirubin complex is studied by various pH jump experiments in a stopped-flow apparatus. The results indicate that the first step is caused by electrostatic attraction between a carboxylate group of bilirubin and a histidine residue of albumin. PMID- 7272327 TI - Systematic variation in bond lengths of peptides. AB - The lengths of the carbonyl as well as of the adjacent C-N and C-C bonds in peptides are shown to vary systematically with the central C-N bond length. Results of ab initio calculations on N-methylacetamide and its Li+, Na+ and Mg2+ complexes are also discussed. PMID- 7272328 TI - Isoelectric forms of bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium halobium. AB - Isoelectric focusing was performed on bacteiorhodopsin isolated from Halobacterium halobium, R1 strain, solubilized in Nonidet P-40, on sucrose density gradient stabilized columns. When 560 nm absorbance was monitored, four forms of bacteriorhodopsin were observed, having isoelectric points (pI) of: A. 3.93; B, 4.43; C, 5.03; D, 5.49. Instability of some of the isoelectric forms during the very process of electrofocusing was observed. When focused over a period of 6 days, the relative abundance of the forms changed although their pI values remains constant. Refocusing of the isolated forms A or B led to the production f form C. The latter species was stable to refocusing. Form B was unstable to storage either as an aqueous suspension of the purple membrane or as a detergent extract. Each of the forms had the absorption spectrum typical for bacteriorhodopsin and each showed identical patterns after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7272329 TI - Superoxide dismutase from the Archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum. AB - Thermoplasma acidophilum is a mycoplasma-like thermophilic organism that has been classified with the archaebacteria. It has a single superoxide dismutase (superoxide : superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) which is composed of four identically sized subunits. It has a metal content per molecule of two atoms of iron and probably one of zinc and a molecular weight of 82 000. The amino acid composition is rich in tryptophan and is typical of the manganese or iron superoxide dismutases found in other prokaryotes. However, the enzyme is resistant to denaturation by chloroform plus ethanol, by sodium dodecyl sulfate plus urea or by heat. In these respects it resembles the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase of eukaryotes. It is suggested that the enzyme may belong to a new group of superoxide dismutases. PMID- 7272330 TI - Determination of surface tensions of proteins. II. Surface tension of serum albumin, altered at the protein-air interface. AB - Serum albumin, which itself has a surface tension of congruent to 70.3 erg/cm2, when dissolved in water lowers the surface tension of water from 72.5 to congruent to 50 erg/cm2, as measured by a variety of means, including the pendant drop, the Wilhelmy plate and the platinum ring methods. Equally low and even lower surface tensions are found with the contact angle method, on a thin layer of albumin that had been adsorbed onto a low energy surface and subsequently exposed to air. Surface tensions of drops of albumin solutions varying in concentration from 0.01 to 5.5% (w/v) yielded, with a contact angle method, values that only varied between 67 and 61 erg/cm2. With the pendant drop, the Wilhelmy plate and the platinum ring methods, one essentially measures the surface tension at the air-liquid interface, at which proteins tend to adsorb, and where reversible or irreversible reorientation can be expected. The same holds for a thin layer of protein adsorbed onto a low energy surface, exposed to air. Thus, when through the very act of surface tension measurement, or after adsorbing protein onto a substrate, protein is exposed at the air-liquid interface, it apparently loses the pronounced hydrophilicity characteristic of its native hydrated state and manifests through reorientation a much more hydrophobic tertiary configuration. PMID- 7272331 TI - The amino acid sequence of the amino-terminal cyanogen bromide fragment of Tachypleus tridentatus hemocyanin alpha chain. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of 87 residues has been determined for the N terminal CNBr fragment of Tachypleus tridentatus hemocyanin alpha chain. It is rich in histidine and contains one free cysteine. The N-terminal sequence of 20 residues shows homologies with other arthropod hemocyanins. PMID- 7272332 TI - Amphitrite ornata erythrocruorin. II. Molecular controls of function. AB - In the marine terebellid worm Amphitrite ornata the vascular fluid contains a high molecular weight erythrocruorin, while cells of the coelom contain a monomeric hemoglobin. The structural integrity of the erythrocruorin molecule is known to be dependent on the presence of a minimal concentration of divalent cations (1-3 mM) in the medium. The functional properties of Amphitrite erythrocruorin are also affected by cations. The oxygen affinity tends to increase with increasing cation concentration and the degree of cooperative interactions, expressed in the kinetics and equilibria of ligand binding, goes through a maximum. Maximal Hill coefficients of 3-4 are observed with 50 mM CaCl2, 50 mM MgCl2 or 1 M NaCl in measurements at the physiological pH of 7.75. Only 2 mM CaCl2 is required for maximal cooperativity at pH 8.5. This suggests partial deprotonation of the cation binding site at high pH. It is somewhat unusual that pH effects on cooperativity are reversible, since this is not a common feature of the giant erythrocruorin molecules. The oxygen binding experiments revealed a marked effect of divalent cations of Amphitrite erythrocruorin at high pH and cation concentration. Above pH 8.5, at 50 mM CaCl2 and 12 degrees C, the erythrocruorin will form a polymer upon deoxygenation. This polymerization is readily reversible by bringing the temperature for 12 to 20 degrees C or by oxygenation. Under physiological conditions of pH and cation concentration and at 12 degrees C, the erythrocruorin and the monomeric coelomic hemoglobin require a similar oxygen pressure for half saturation. However, the allosteric regulation of function is absent for the coelomic protein. PMID- 7272333 TI - Effect of alpha-actinin on actin structure. Release of bound nucleotide. AB - We have examined the alpha-actinin-F-actin interaction by measuring the effect of highly purified alpha-actinin on bound nucleotide exchange in F-actin. Exchange was followed by measuring the release of actin-bound [14C]ADP in the presence of ATP using an ultrafiltration technique. Alpha-Actinin increases by about 60 to 70% the rate of release of F-actin bound nucleotide when incubated for 1 h in the presence of 1 mM ATP/1 mM MgCl2/0.05 mM CaCl2/0.5 mM dithioerythritol/100 mM KCI/20 mM Tris-acetate, pH 7.5, at 37 degrees C. The ability of alpha-actinin to enhance nucleotide exchange was maximal when alpha-actinin was added at a level near 10% of actin present by weight (molar ratio of 1 alpha-actinin to 49 actin monomers). The potentiating effect of alpha-actinin on the nucleotide exchange rate of F-actin was not highly related to the Mg2+: ATP ratio present in the incubation mixture. Alpha-actinin also increased the rate of bound nucleotide exchange of f-actin was present in a reconstituted actomyosin suspension. The results are consistent with th possibility that one alpha-actinin can affect the structure of multiple actin monomers present in an actin filament. PMID- 7272334 TI - Accumulation of chemostimulatory amino acids by a sedimentable fraction isolated from olfactory rosettes of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - The accumulation of amino acids by a sedimentable fraction from olfactory rosettes of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was examined to determine the correspondence with established criteria for receptors. Physical parameters such as saturability, reversibility, affinity and quantity of sites were reasonably consistent with receptor criteria. The kinetics of association were slow and not in accord with values expected of sensory receptors. Accumulation correlated with electrophysiological effectiveness for most amino acids. The correlation was tissue specific, not being evident in brain or gill. Denervation experiments showed that high-affinity accumulation depended upon the presence of neuronal elements in the olfactory mucosa. Inhibition studies with amino acids and analogues generally indicated good correspondence with previous electrophysiological findings. Experiments with transport inhibitors, lack of Na+, counter-transport and increasing osmotic strength showed some involvement of amino acid transport. Inconsistencies between the various aspects of amino acid accumulation by the sedimentable fraction and electrophysiological response preclude unequivocal classification of the accumulation as representing olfactory receptors. PMID- 7272335 TI - Ion activity decrease in the presence of sucrose. PMID- 7272336 TI - Isolation and somatomedin activity of bovine growth hormone fragment 87-124. AB - Various bovine growth hormone (GH) fragments were prepared and tested for somatomedin-like activity in vitro. Cyanogen bromide cleavage followed by reduction and alkylation yielded three fragments which were identified as GH (6 124), GH (150-179) and GH (125-149). No consistent effect was found when these preparations were tested for their ability to stimulate in vitro sulfate and thymidine uptake by rat costal cartilage and to compete with [125I]iodoinsulin for insulin-binding sites on placenta membranes. A fourth peptide was isolated by cleavage of the tryptophanyl and methionly bonds of bovine Gh using anhydrous heptofluorobutyric acid and cyanogen bromide. In addition to significant amounts of non-specific cleavage products, a peptide have a molecular weight of about 4800 was isolated. The amino terminal residue was leucine and the carboxyl terminal was homoserine. These data, in addition to the amino acid composition, suggested that the peptide corresponded to residues 87-124. Fragment GH (87-124) stimulated sulfate (minimum effective concentration, 5 . 10-8 M) and thymidine (minimum effective concentration, 10-8M) uptake by rat costal cartilage. It also cross-reacted, albeit weakly, with insulin-binding sites on placenta membrane. Maximum displacement was 35% of non-specific binding. These observations demonstrate that somatomedin-like activity can be generated from the growth hormone molecule which is inherently devoid of such activity. PMID- 7272337 TI - Effect of thyroid hormones on acid cholesterol ester hydrolase activity in rat liver, heart and epididymal fat pads. AB - The regulation of acid cholesterol ester hydrolase activity by thyroid hormones was studied in subcellular fractions from rat liver, heart, and epididymal fat pads; hydrolase activity was determined at pH 5 with a glycerol-dispersed cholesterol oleate substrate preparation. Acid cholesterol ester hydrolase activity was decreased in liver preparations from thyroidectomized rats relative to activity in livers from euthyroid control rats. Administration of triiodothyronine to either euthyroid or hypothyroid (thyroidectomized) rats resulted in an increase in acid cholesterol ester hydrolase activity in liver preparations. Similar effects of thyroidectomy and the administration of triiodothyronine on acid cholesterol ester hydrolase activity were observed with fat pad preparations. In contrast, no effect of thyroid hormones was observed on acid cholesterol ester hydrolase activity in heart. These results suggest that thyroid hormones may regulate the catabolism of serum lipoproteins, in part, by alterations in lysosomal acid cholesterol ester hydrolase activity in liver and epididymal fat pads. PMID- 7272338 TI - Structure determination of two oligomannoside-type glycopeptides obtained from bovine lactotransferrin, by 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. AB - The elucidation of the structures of two carbohydrate units, N-glycosidically linked to an asparagine residue of bovine lactotransferrin, is described. These carbohydrate structures are of the oligomannoside type and contain eight or nine mannose residues, respectively. The potency of 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy in primary structure determination of two closely related carbohydrate chains present in a mixture is demonstrated. This implies that 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy can disclose microheterogeneity which is almost untraceable using other approaches. PMID- 7272339 TI - Comparison of the oxidation of glutamine, glucose, ketone bodies and fatty acids by human diploid fibroblasts. AB - The contribution of glutamine, glucose, ketone bodies and fatty acids to the oxidative energy metabolism of human diploid fibroblasts ws studied. The rate of glutamine oxidation by fibroblasts was 98 nmol/h per mg cell protein compared to 2 nmol/h per mg cell protein or less for glucose, acetoacetate, D-3 hydroxybutyrate, octanoic acid and palmitic acid. Glucose inhibited glutamine oxidation by 85%, while the other substrates had no effect. Therefore, these cells meet their energy requirement almost solely by anaerobic glycolysis and glutamine oxidation. PMID- 7272341 TI - In vivo evidence that intrinsic factor-cobalamin complex traverses the human intestine intact. AB - Ingested cyano[57Co]cobalamin was recovered as coupled to intrinsic factor from the jejunum of healthy humans. This vitamin-protein complex and the analogous complex from patients having exocrine pancreatic insufficiency were indistinguishable from each other in terms of molecular radius (3.30 nm), ionic nature (eight well-defined isoproteins isoelectric at pH 4.71, 4.84, 4.90, 5.13, 5.23, 5.31, 5.40 and 5.69), and antigenic structure. These findings indicate that the pancreatic proteases do not alter the intrinsic factor cobalamin complex in vivo. Purified R type protein-cyano [57Co]cobalamin complex recovered from patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was similar to the analogous gastric protein in terms of molecular radius (alpha = 4.78 nm) and types of isoproteins (seven well-defined isoproteins isoelectric at pH 2.70, 3.03, 3.38, 3.74, 3.87, 4.05 and 4.20). However, this R protein complex from patients and the intrinsic factor complex from both control subjects and from patients was comprised of more of the acidic type of isoproteins, thereby supporting the notion that carbohydrate-rich isoproteins are more resistant to digestion in the intestine. PMID- 7272340 TI - Calmodulin antagonists modulate rabbit neutrophil degranulation, aggregation and stimulated oxygen consumption. AB - In an attempt to define further the sequence of events involved in the activation of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils, we have investigated the effects of trifluperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (compound W7), two compounds with known anti-calmodulin activity, on these cells' ability to respond to several stimuli. Neutrophil granule enzyme release, aggregation and oxygen consumption were monitored. These functions were elicited by the addition of one of the following stimuli to cell suspensions: the chemotactic factor f Met Leu-Phe, arachidonic acid and the divalent cation ionophore A23187. Aggregation, oxygen consumption and granule enzyme release stimulated by the above three stimuli are all profoundly affected by calmodulin inhibitors. Low concentrations of trifluperazine slightly potentiates aggregation and oxygen consumption. At higher, but below lytic concentrations, compound W7 and trifluperazine significantly depress all three functions examined. In conjunction with previous results and by analogy to studies in other cell types, it therefore appears likely that calmodulin-stimulated events play central roles in the activation of rabbit neutrophils. PMID- 7272342 TI - Isolation and characterization of an adenylyl-protein complex formed during the incubation of membranes from Dictyostelium discoideum with ATP. AB - When tritiated ATP is incubated with a membrane-enriched fraction prepared from the eukaryotic microorganism Dictyostelium discoideum significant levels of radioactivity can be precipitated with cold, 10% trichloroacetic acid. Reaction product was formed from ATP and dATP but not from GTP, CTP and UTP. Other studies showed that the maximum amount of the acid-insoluble product was formed about 1 min after the addition of the membranes and that, with further incubation, this reaction product was degraded. The rate of degradation of the reaction product was greatly reduced when the temperature was reduced to 4 degrees C, and when either NaF, Na2SO4 or dithiothreitol was added to the reaction mixture. These additions or conditions had no effect on the product-formation reaction. The rate of degradation was also reduced following the addition of adenosine to the reaction and this result did not occur following the addition of ADP, AMP or cyclic AMP. The acid-insoluble reaction product could be solubilized with SDS and analysis by gel-filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-75 revealed that the radioactivity was associated with a macromolecule that was not sensitive to RNAase or DNAase but was degraded by pronase. The nucleotide-protein complex was stable at room temperature but radioactivity was released in hot acid, which, after analysis by thin-layer chromatography, was found to co-migrate with authentic AMP, suggesting the formation of an adenylyl-protein complex as the reaction intermediate. The complex bond was stable at neutral and alkaline pH, suggesting a phosphoamide linkage between the protein and the adenylyl moiety. PMID- 7272343 TI - Ligand binding to multiple equivalent sites with steric hindrance. AB - A general model is developed for the binding of ligands to multiple receptor sites in which steric blockage of sites is taken into account. Analytical expressions for extent of ligand binding as a function of ligand concentration are derived employing a stochastic matrix approach. Using simple numerical techniques to evaluate these expressions it is possible to obtain the inherent affinity of each site for a ligand, the number of sites available and the number of sites excluded when a ligand binds to any site. The expressions derived here are contrasted with other expressions based on simple equilibrium considerations in which there are no interactions between sites and no interactions between ligands in different sites. It is shown that the expressions derived here predict significant departures from linearity in Scatchard plots and a strong negative cooperatively, especially toward the saturation limit. PMID- 7272344 TI - [Effect of suramin on digestion of 14C-labelled albumin in heterolysosomes of rat liver subcellular fractions]. AB - The effect of suramin on the state of rat liver lysosomal apparatus 24 and 48 hrs after intraperitoneal injection of the drug was studied. The specific activity of liver acid phosphatase was decreased by suramin down to 35-45% of the control. The inhibitory effect of suramin on the activity of acid phosphatase was observed in all subcellular fractions of the liver and was correlated with the relative content of lysosomal enzymes activity. The sedimentability of lysosomes upon distribution among subcellular fractions was increased. The inhibitory effect of suramin on intralysosomal digestion of 14C-labelled bovine serum albumin was found in nuclear and light mitochondrial fractions, but not in the heavy mitochondrial fraction. The functional heterogeneity of the subpopulations of heterolysosomes and the mechanisms of suramin action on intralysosomal proteolysis are discussed. PMID- 7272345 TI - [Endo-1,3-beta-glucanase from Actinomyces cellulosae]. AB - Endo-1.3-beta-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) from Actinomyces cellulosae was purified 960-fold by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and by gel-filtration through Acrylex P-60. The enzyme was electrophoretically homogeneous and had molecular weight of about 30 000 as determined by polyacrylamide gel disc-electrophoresis in the presence of SDS and gel-filtration through Sephadex G-200. The isoelectric point lies at 4.0; the pH optimum for the non-purified enzyme preparation is 5.5, that for the purified one is 6.0. The enzyme is stable within the pH range of 7.0-8.0 and is rapidly inactivated in acid media. The enzyme does not hydrolyze laminaribiose, lichenane, barley glucan, pustulane, KM-cellulose, but splits laminarane to form high molecular weight oligosaccharides, a small number of low molecular weight oligosaccharides and a negligible amount of glucose. Studies with glucose oxidase showed that splitting of 1.3-beta-glucan results in a beta-form of glucose. PMID- 7272347 TI - [Effect of polymeric modification on specific properties of soya bean inhibitor]. AB - Chemical modification of the trypsin inhibitor from soya beans by a hydrophilic synthetic copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone was studied. The optimal conditions for modification (pH, ratio of reactants, reaction time) were established. The soluble polymeric forms of the inhibitor differing in the number of covalent bonds with the copolymer were obtained. An affinity adsorbent for isolation of trypsin was prepared by adsorption of the polymeric form on silochrome. PMID- 7272346 TI - [Purification and properties of inhibitor from vegetative portion of alfalfa]. AB - Trypsin inhibitor was isolated from the vegetative portion of alfalfa and purified 270-fold by affinity chromatography on Trypsin-Sepharose. The inhibitor was eluted by gel-filtration as a single peak with molecular weight of 6900. Disc electrophoresis of the purified inhibitor revealed the presence of only one protein band. Trypsin inhibition is a mixed process. The trypsin inhibitor from alfalfa does not prevent the activity of cathepsin D from bovine brain. Trypsin inhibitor was immobilized on BrCN-activated Sepharose 4B. The binding of trypsin to the immobilized trypsin inhibitor was studied: 5 mg of the immobilized trypsin inhibitor were found to bind 1 mg of trypsin. PMID- 7272348 TI - [Distribution of the amino acid pool in yeast cells]. PMID- 7272349 TI - [Phospholipase A2 localization in mitochondria]. AB - The activation of mitochondrial phospholipase A2 by Ca2+ and Sr2+ has been studied. It was shown that complete inactivation of the enzyme occurs after treatment of isolated mitochondria with ruthenium red, inhibitor of Ca transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It was concluded that phospholipase A2 is localized on the inner mitochondrial membrane and that its activity is stimulated by Ca2+ on the side of the mitochondrial matrix. PMID- 7272350 TI - [Cooxidation of potassium ferrocyanide and o-dianisidine by hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. Substrate-substrate activation]. AB - The kinetics of cooxidation of potassium ferrocyanide and o-dianisidine by hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase were studied. The peroxidation of potassium ferrocyanide is activated by o-dianisidine. A scheme illustrating the direct involvement of the enzyme in substrate-substrate activation is proposed. A method for determination of the rate constants of the first electron transfer from o-dianisidine to peroxidase (i. e. reduction of peroxidase E1 to E2) and of the constants for o-dianisidine binding by E1 was developed. PMID- 7272351 TI - [Isolation and purification of two lipolytic enzymes from Vespa orientalis venom]. AB - Two lipolytic enzymes--phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase A1 were isolated in individual state from the venom of the big hornet Vespa orientalis. It was shown that these enzymes have approximately the same molecular weight of about 26 000, but differ in their electrophoretic mobilities. Besides, the enzymes possess marked specificity to lecithin and L-lysolecithin, respectively. PMID- 7272353 TI - [Nucleotide control of ionic transport and ATP synthesis in mitochondria]. AB - It was demonstrated that under certain experimental conditions the P/O ratio of oleate-treated mitochondria in hypotonic media at low pH values is sharply decreased irrespective of high ADP/O values. This is probably due to a drastic fall in the ionic permeability of membranes induced by ADP. The effect observed is due to ADP (ATP) interaction with nucleotide translocase, since atractyloside eliminates the effect of ADP on the ionic permeability. It was demonstrated that nucleotide translocase is immediately involved in regulation of the functioning of the oxidative phosphorylation system of mitochondria. PMID- 7272352 TI - [Nucleic acid synthesis in the cells of some ascites tumors induced by change in ionic homeostasis]. AB - The DNA and RNA synthesis was studied in the cells of Ehrlich ascite tumour, lymphoma NK/Ly and carcinoma T.O. was studied under conditions when the Na+/K+ ratio was changed by preincubation in salt media at low temperatures. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine was inhibited at a decrease of the Na+/K+ ratio. The high rate of synthesis was observed only when the cells interacted with K+ free media. Under these conditions some cells which had not incorporated the label induced DNA synthesis. RNA synthesis in lymphoma NK/Ly cells was repressed by about 70% at an increase in K+ concentration (cK) up to 30 mM, followed by a further increase and a subsequent decrease at cK greater than 90 mM. In Ehrlich tumour cells the RNA synthesis was increased 2-fold at an increase in cK from 0 to 30 mM and decreased 3-fold within the concentration range of 30-50 mM. At cK of 50-80 mM it remained constant and showed a further decrease at cK greater than 90 mM. As in the case of DNA synthesis this effect was reversible, i. e. when the cells were transferred to a Na+-rich medium the incorporation of the label rapidly increased and reached its maximum after 30-35 min. Ouabain (2 mM) did not prevent the activation. Actinomycin D (0.05 mkg/ml) inhibited the incorporation of [3H]uridine at any values of Na+/K+. Electrophoresis of RNA isolated from the nuclei and cytoplasm of Ehrlich tumour cells showed that the changes in ionic homeostasis result in the synthesis of new forms of RNA. It is concluded that the distribution of Na+ and K+ in intact cell nuclei is uneven and that monovalent cations can control transcription via the tertiary structure of deoxyribonucleoprotein. PMID- 7272354 TI - [Increase in the number of repeating sequences of DNA in transcriptionally active sites of rat genome induced by cortisol and phenobarbital]. AB - The effects of transcription inducers, e. g. cortisol, phenobarbital and 3 acetate-16 alpha (beta)-isothiocyano-pregnenolone (AIP), which, similar to phenobarbital, activates the multifunctional oxidase system, on the nucleotide sequence arrangement in the DNA fractions corresponding to functionally different sites of the genome, were investigated. Three DNA fractions were isolated from rat liver cells, using different concentrations of NaCl and different pH values of aqueous solutions of phenol used for deproteination. The DNA fraction I extracted with 1 M NaCl and phenol (pH 6.4) down to the water phase contains 12 14% of non-hydrolyzed by hybrid RNA RNAase, is rich in unique sequences, makes up to about 20% of the genome and probably corresponds to the transcriptionally active sites of chromatin DNA. The DNA fraction II extracted by 0.14 M NaCl and "alkaline" phenol (pH 8.5) makes up to 70% of total cellular DNA, in which the hybrid RNA content does not exceed 2%. The amount of weakly extractable and, possibly, membrane-bound DNA III does not exceed 10% of total DNA content. During induction of transcription the number of repeating sequences is increased by about 10% in DNA I and is simultaneously decreased in DNA III. This can both be due to the arrangement of sequences between chromatin fractions corresponding to membrane DNA and the transcriptionally active sites of the genome. Hybridization of [3H]rRNA demonstrated that the contribution of ribosomal genes to the above changes in the arrangement of sequences in DNA fractions under study is insignificant. PMID- 7272355 TI - [Isolation and purification of plant histones]. AB - A fractionation pattern for isolation and identification of histones, allowing to obtain preparative amounts of individual histone fractions, is proposed. The obtained fractions were identified by their solubility, by differential staining and by electrophoresis. The fractionation resulted in all major histone fractions of wheat, rye, cotton, pea and calf thymus. The electrophoretic patterns of all plant histones were identical, differing only in their histone H1 contents. The histone fraction H1 was also found to be heterogeneous, which, with the exception of cotton H1 fraction, was more pronounced than in the case of calf thymus. The data obtained can be interpreted in terms of the functional role of histones in the genetic mechanism of plants and a possible use of individual fractions and components of histones for the study of phylogenetic relationships between the species. PMID- 7272356 TI - [Polymerization of bacterial flagellar flagellin in the presence of polyethyleneglycol]. AB - Polymerization of flagellin from the flagella of Bacillus brevis in the presence of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) with molecular weight varying from 400 to 40 000 was studied. When 10% PEG2000-6000 was used, polymerization was completed within 5 min. When PEG with higher molecular weights were used, their higher concentrations were necessary. Polymerization of flagellin in the presence of PEG400-600 did not practically differ from that without PEG. At flagellin concentrations up to 0.1 mg/ml the polymerization process with PEG also occurred at a very high rate. Polymerization of flagellin obtained by heating of bacterial flagella in the presence of PEG did not require exogenous primer. A possible mechanism of flagellin polymerization in the presence of PEG is discussed. PMID- 7272358 TI - [Free energy linearity principle in enzymatic catalysis and thermodynamic principles of specificity]. AB - It was demonstrated that the free energy linearity principle, i.e. relationship between the kinetics and thermodynamics of enzymatic reactions, can be applied to enzymatic hydrolysis of specific substrates of chymotrypsin, thus suggesting that the substrate binding energy can be utilized for decreasing the activation barrier of the reaction. The literary data support the applicability of the free energy linearity principle to enzymatic reactions catalyzed by some hydrolytic enzymes. PMID- 7272357 TI - [Dynamics of metabolism of different compartments of amino acid pools in yeast cells]. AB - The incorporation of [14C] into the amino acid pools located in different cell compartments of the yeast Candida tropicalis was studied. The rate of [14C] labelled amino acids incorporation into the cytoplasm is 2 times higher than that in the vacuoles and 10 times higher than that in mitochondria. The amino acid pools under study are heterogenous in terms of generation rate: each of them contain at least two minor carbon pools, i.e. rapidly regenerating and relatively stable ones, whose ration is different. While the rapidly regenerating part of the amino acid pools of the protoplasts makes up to about 8.8% of total carbon pool, that of the mitochondrial pool makes up to 17% and the vacuolar one is only 2% of total carbon of the amino acid pools in these organelles. PMID- 7272359 TI - [Nature of the bond between the coenzyme and protein in pig liver transketolase]. AB - It was shown that the bond between the coenzyme and protein in pig liver transketolase is not covalent as was reported previously. Boiling of the enzyme preparation for 2 min or treatment with 10% trichloracetic acid results in a complete split-off of thiamine pyrophosphate. PMID- 7272360 TI - [Comparative study of energy metabolism in the liver and skeletal muscles of rat and rabbit. Effect of starvation]. AB - The steady state concentration of carbohydrate and adenosine phosphate metabolites in rat and rabbit liver and in rabbit skeletal muscle and oxidative phosphorylation parameters of rat and rabbit liver mitochondria were compared. The effects of 24 hr starvation on the energy metabolism of liver and skeletal muscle of the animals were investigated. The steady state concentrations of glycogen and phosphoenolpyruvate in normal rabbit liver were found to be much lower than in the rat and other mammalian livers (45.7 mumoles of glucose equivalents and 38 nmoles of PEP per 1 g of liver wet mass, respectively). On the contrast, the concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvate and Pi in rabbit skeletal muscle were unusually high (up to 3, 1 and 15 mumoles per 1 g, respectively). In terms of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, Pi, adenine nucleotide contents and cytosolic NAD+/NADH ratio in the liver, and glycogen, glucose, lactate, creatine and adenosine phosphates in skeletal muscle and oxidative and phosphorylated properties of isolated liver mitochondria, no significant differences between rat and rabbit were found. During 24 hr starvation gluconeogenesis in rabbit liver occurred earlier and was more intensive than in rat liver. This is indicative of the existence of interspecies differences in the control mechanisms of carbohydrate and phosphorus metabolism. PMID- 7272361 TI - [Adenylate cyclase from rabbit heart: substrate binding site]. AB - The effects of 17 ATP analogs on the solubilized rabbit heart adenylate cyclase were studied. The triphosphate chain, position 8 of the adenine base and the ribose residue of the ATP molecule were modified. Despite the presence of the alkylating groups in two former types of the analogs tested, no covalent blocking of the active site of the enzyme was observed. Most of the compounds appeared to be competitive reversible inhibitors. The kinetic data confirmed the importance of the triphosphate chain for substrate binding in the active site of adenylate cyclase. (Formula: See Text) The inhibitors with different substituents in position 8 of the adenine base had a low affinity for the enzyme. The possible orientation of the triphosphate chain and the advantages of anti-conformation of the ATP molecule for their binding in the active site of adenylate cyclase are discussed. PMID- 7272362 TI - [Effects of sterols having different chemical structure and squalene on osmotic resistance of erythrocytes]. AB - The effects of sterols having different chemical structure and squalene on osmotic resistance of erythrocytes were studied. Changes in sterol and squalene content in the membranes were induced by incubation of erythrocytes with liposomes containing the additive. A decrease of the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes was shown to correlate with a cholesterol decrease in the membranes. Cholesterol caused a stabilizing effect on the membranes. 7-Dehydroxycholesterol which, unlike cholesterol, has an additional double bond in the B ring stabilizes the erythrocyte membranes in a greater degree than does cholesterol. Injection of cholesterol oleate causes extensive hemolysis of erythrocytes. Injection of squalene into non-cyclic erythrocyte membranes does not change osmotic resistance of the erythrocytes. PMID- 7272363 TI - [Properties of rat liver polyribosomes synthesizing transferrin]. AB - A radioimmunological study of rat liver polyribosomes synthesizing transferrin was carried out. The 125I-labelled monospecific antibodies against transferrin interact with membrane-bound liver polyribosomes to form a specific antigen antibody complex. No binding of 125I-antibodies against transferrin to free liver polyribosomes was observed. The transferrin polyribosomes contain 11-13 monoribosomes per 1 molecule of mRNA. An injection of cycloheximide to the animals results in an increase in the size of the transferrin polyribosomes up to 16 monoribosomes per 1 mRNA molecule. During translation of the liver polyribosomal fractions in a cell-free system of wheat embryos only the membrane bound polyribosomes were capable to synthesize immunoprecipitated transferrin. PMID- 7272364 TI - [5-Methylcytosine in pyrimidine sequences of plant and animal DNA: specificity of methylation]. AB - A method for two-dimensional DEAE-TLC fractionation and a subsequent quantitative spectrophotometric determination of the 5-methylcytosine containing pyrimidine oligodeoxyribonucleotides isolated from plant and animal DNA is proposed. Using this method, the distribution of 5-methylcytosine among pyrimidine oligodeoxyribonucleotides in various plant and animal DNA was studied. It was found that the methylation patterns of DNA in higher plants and animals are quite different, but they are similar among various plants or among different animal DNAs. More than half of the 5-methylcytosine residues in animal DNAs are localized in the monopyrimidine fraction (Pu-C-Pu); however, in plant DNAs there are two types of heavily methylated sequences (Pu-C-Pu and Pu-(CT)-Pu). It is suggested that methylation of plant DNAs occurs in two different sites possessing the second order symmetry with axis lined across the dinucleotide CpG or complementary AT base pair. Possible involvement of eucaryotic DNA-methylases in replicative and reparative DNA synthesis and in hormonal regulation of DNA methylation at and after DNA synthesis in plants and animals as well as a possible role of DNA methylation in regulation of gene activity in tissues and cells are discussed. PMID- 7272365 TI - [Cortisol-induced changes in methylation of repeating sequences of transcriptionally active DNA from rat liver]. AB - The m5C content was determined in three functionally different fractions of rat liver DNA isolated by a modified phenol fractionation. The transcriptionally active DNA-I contains up to 12-14% of hybrid RNA not hydrolyzed by RNAase, is enriched with unique sequences and makes up to about 20% of total DNA. In its total nucleotide content (43 mol.% of GC-pairs) DNA-I does not differ from the major fraction of DNA-II making up to about 70% of the genome, and from hardly extractable DNA-III, whose content in total DNA does not exceed 10%. However, the degree of methylation of the transcriptionally active DNA-I (1.28 mol.% of m5C) is higher than that of DNA-II and DNA-III (1.0 mol.% of m5C). Under cortisol induced activation of transcription the number of repeating sequences in DNA-I is increased by about 10% concomitant with a decrease of these sequences in DNA-III. The hormone-induced changes in the transcriptionally active fraction of DNA are reversible. 4 hrs after cortisol injection a demethylation of highly repeating and supermethylation of normally repeating sequences in DNA-I are observed. The level of methylation of the unique sequences in DNA-I (Cot greater than 200) remains unchanged. The degree of methylation of various subfractions of nucleotide sequences of DNA-II and DNA-III afer cortisol injection does not differ from normal. Presumably the hormone-induced supermethylation of normally repeating sequences may control the transcription. PMID- 7272366 TI - [Isolation and some properties of Hageman factor and its active fragment from human blood]. AB - A procedure of isolation of the Hageman factor from human blood plasma, including ion-exchange chromatography on QAE-Sephadex A-50 and preparative disc electrophoresis is proposed. The active fragment of the Hageman factor was obtained by contact activation of the latter followed by repeated disc electrophoresis. The peculiarities of the Hageman factor activation by trypsin were studied. The conditions for maximal activation of prekallikrein by the Hageman factor and its active fragment were selected. It was found that the kallikrein formed therupon possesses a higher thermal lability than the trypsin activated prekallikrein. PMID- 7272367 TI - [Changes in DNA methylation in guinea pig liver and kidney during vitamin B12 administration]. PMID- 7272368 TI - [Antigenic composition of the serum proteins of adult swine and fetuses based on immunochemical analysis data]. PMID- 7272369 TI - [Age-related variability of skull anomalies]. PMID- 7272370 TI - [Evaluation of the interrelation of testosterone and its metabolites to traits in the biological development of the male]. PMID- 7272371 TI - [Mycoplasma arthritidis persistence and the cellular immunity indices in experimental arthritis in rats]. PMID- 7272372 TI - [Electrophysiological characteristics of the connection between the corpus geniculatum and the sensorimotor area of the cat cerebral cortex]. PMID- 7272373 TI - Two genetically distinct forms of bipolar affective disorder? AB - In five pedigrees in which bipolar affective illness (BPD) can be traced through three generations with no father-son transmission, no linkage to HLA could be established. This group was evidently dependent on a single dominant gene (X linked?), for which the noncommittal designation BPD1 was proposed. Two pedigrees of BPD, in which father-son transmission occurred at least twice, showed highly suggestive linkage to HLA (lod = 2.61 at theta = 0.15). BPD2 was proposed as the designation for this gene. Loss of BPD in one HLA-A/B cross-over suggests that a single dominant gene in this group has a locus in p2-pter region of chromosome 6. PMID- 7272374 TI - Controllability of an aversive stimulus in depressed patients and health controls: a study using slow brain potentials. AB - Slow brain potentials (CNV and PINV) were recorded from 18 patients with primary depression and 18 health controls under three experimental conditions. A short tone (S1) indicated the occurrence of an aversive tone stimulus (S2) which could not be terminated by a motor reaction in Condition 1 (C1) but was terminated in C2. In C3 the reaction time (RT) had to be faster than the shortest mean RT from C1 and C2 in order to stop the aversive stimulus. For both groups the RT decreased from C1 to C2 to C3 and the CNV increased from C2 to C3. CNV and RT did not differ between the groups in either condition. In C1 and C3 (uncontrollability and restricted control over the aversive stimulus) patients developed a marked PINV which was not observed in the control group. In view of other investigations which found a PINV in normal subjects in situations of sudden, unexpected uncontrollability, the present results demonstrate that depressed patients are more sensitive to levels and variation of uncontrollability than healthy subjects. A possible relationship to Seligman's concept of helplessness is discussed. PMID- 7272375 TI - Distribution of REM latency in depression. AB - While shortened REM latency is now considered the most consistent sleep feature observed among patients suffering from primary depressive episodes, and one which has generated a variety of hypotheses regarding possible mechanisms, few studies have employed long-term longitudinal designs. In the present investigation, REM latency was examined in 22 hospitalized depressed patients who were studied nightly during a 5-week protocol were bimodally distributed medication during that period; REM latencies were bimodally distributed with peaks occurring shortly after sleep onset and again 30-40 min later. Very short REM latencies (less than or equal to 20 min) were neither uncommon nor isolated events and persisted over time in this patient sample. These findings are discussed in relation to findings on shortened REM latency in other study populations. PMID- 7272376 TI - Neuropsychological dysfunction in schizophrenia and affective disease. AB - We used Smith's neuropsychological test battery to study the cortical functioning of 52 patients with affective disorders, 17 schizophrenics, and 8 patients with coarse brain disease (CBD), all diagnosed according to research criteria. Testing and diagnoses were made independently and blindly. After accounting for the variance due to age, sex, handedness, educational level, and psychotropic drugs, we found that on tests of dominant hemisphere function schizophrenics performed significantly worse than patients with affective disorder but were no different from patients with CBD. On tests of nondominant hemisphere function the performance of the schizophrenics was similar to that of the other two groups, which were different from each other in that patients with CBD had poorer performance than affectives. A discriminant function analysis of the test scores applied to a jackknifed classification matrix successfully predicted research diagnosis in 86.5% of the affectively ill patients and 76.5% of the schizophrenics, for an overall hit rate of 84.1%. A canonical plot of the discriminant scores further showed distinct groups, with manics and depressives most alike but quite different from schizophrenics and patients with CBD. These findings are consistent with those derived from other neuropsychological studies, as well as EEG and CT scan studies. PMID- 7272377 TI - Obsessive-compulsive neurosis and season of birth. PMID- 7272378 TI - A neuropsychological study of the stable syndrome of hysteria. AB - Ten patients with the stable syndrome of hysteria were matched for age, sex, handedness, and full-scale WAIS IQ with ten controls, ten psychotic depressives and ten schizophrenics. All were subjected to an extensive neuropsychological test battery. Compared to the controls, the hysteria group exhibited bifrontal impairment (R = L) and, globally, greater dysfunction of the nondominant hemisphere. A G analysis provided a complete separation between the hysteria and controls. However, a D-index analysis showed that the hysteria group was more impaired than normals and depressives because of greater dysfunction of the dominant hemisphere, whilst schizophrenia showed greater nondominant hemisphere dysfunction than hysteria. Further, a cluster analysis on the 40 subjects produced three clusters: normal controls, depressives, and a schizophrenia hysteria grouping. These findings are interpreted as suggesting that dominant hemisphere dysfunction is fundamentally related to the syndrome of hysteria and that the dysfunction of the nondominant hemisphere is brought about by associated features: the female excess, the emotional instability and dysphoric mood, the presence of asymmetrical pain, and conversion symptomatology. It is further argued, in view of the familial associations, that hysteria in the female is a syndrome equivalent to psychopathy in the male (who also exhibits dominant hemisphere dysfunction) and might represent in the female a (relatively benign) variant of schizophrenia characterized by imprecise verbal communications, a subtle form of affective incongruity, together with the conversion parameter. PMID- 7272379 TI - Effects of vitamin B6 on averaged evoked potentials in infantile autism. AB - In autistic children, averaged evoked potentials have been reported to have lower amplitudes and shorter latencies than those of normal children. Also, moderate clinical improvement has been observed in some autistic children after treatment with vitamin B6 and magnesium. We have studied biochemical and electrophysiological effects of vitamin B6 and magnesium in 12 autistic children and in 11 normal children. During treatment of the autistic children with B6, an increase of amplitude of middle-latency evoked potentials and a decrease of urinary homovanillic acid were found. The reverse was noted in the normal subjects. PMID- 7272381 TI - Psychopathology of corpus callosum tumors. PMID- 7272380 TI - Adrenocortical function and plasma norepinephrine in normal human subjects. AB - Abnormal adrenocortical regulation has been reported in patients with endogenous depression, including excessive cortisol production with loss of circadian periodicity and decreased suppression by dexamethasone. The inhibitory effect of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) on the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis through the regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor has been suggested by animal in vitro studies. In this study of six normal human subjects we have examined the relationship of basal cortisol activity and its sensitivity to dexamethasone suppression, measured by 24-hr urinary free cortisol, with basal noradrenergic activity, diurnal variation, and response to postural stimulation, measured by plasma NE. Base-line cortisol and the degree of dexamethasone suppression were significantly inversely correlated with all base-line measures of NE response to stimulation. NE response to stimulation on the morning after dexamethasone was also inversely correlated with the degree of cortisol suppression. The increase in the morning NE response to stimulation after dexamethasone was inversely correlated with both base-line and suppressed cortisol levels. There is significant diurnal variation in stimulated NE activity after dexamethasone. There results are consistent with an inhibitory role for NE in the regulation of HPA system and a reciprocal effect for cortisol on noradrenergic activity. The implication of this relationship for the understanding of adrenocortical regulation in depression is discussed. PMID- 7272382 TI - Neuroticism, psychoticism, and autonomic nervous system balance. PMID- 7272383 TI - A possible cerebral mechanism for the clearing of psychogenic symptoms with amobarbital. PMID- 7272384 TI - Components of the event-related potential following degraded and undegraded visual stimuli. AB - Event-related potentials were recorded in response to visual stimuli in two different reaction tasks in which subjects were instructed to react immediately to the stimuli, or to delay their response for a 2 sec period, respectively. There were four types of stimuli: frequent-degraded, frequent-undegraded, infrequent-degraded and infrequent undegraded letters. In all conditions the stimuli evoked complex waveforms which comprised a frontal-negative wave (N400) and a late positive wave that reached a maximum amplitude on the parietal scalp site (P500). In addition, a slow positive wave with a central-parietal scalp distribution was found in the waveforms that were associated with the delayed reaction task. A principal components analysis of the waveforms yielded two major components: an early composite component that peaked around 400 msec, and a late component that became maximally active towards the end of the recording epoch. The scores of the earlier component were more negative (or less positive) and the scores of the late component were more positive when infrequent or degraded stimuli were presented, in comparison with frequent or undegraded stimuli. PMID- 7272386 TI - Two-flash fusion as a measure of changes in cortical activation with the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7272385 TI - Auditory averaged evoked potentials and aging: factors of stimulus, task and topography. AB - The averaged evoked potential to brief tones was compared for 10 young and 10 elderly female subjects. The amplitudes of the sensory components (P1, N1 and P2) were not affected by an infrequent change in pitch of the tones or instructing subjects to count or ignore them; but overall the elderly had a larger P1 and smaller P2 amplitude and a difference in the scalp distribution of P2. Repetition of the tones produced a decrement in these sensory components and a differential one for young and old subjects A slow potential complex consisting of components N2, P3 and SW appeared to changes in tone pitch and became more pronounced when attention was directed to the tones. Overall smaller SPs for oder subjects were interpreted as evidence for a change with age in the cortical representation of the orienting response. Topographical analysis of SPs indicated diminished activity in frontal (Fz) electrodes for elderly persons, suggestive of an enhanced aging process in the frontal cortices. PMID- 7272387 TI - Habitual catecholamine excretion and its relation to habitual distress. AB - In order to study interindividual differences in habitual subjective and physiological arousal a scale for measuring subjective arousal in the course of daily living was constructed and evaluated (the day-to-day stress scale, DtDSS) and urine samples for estimating free catecholamines were obtained on 17 occasions from each of 20 male subjects during a period of approximately 48 h. Samples were collected at home during daily activities and night rest, as well as under laboratory conditions, when periods of activity and inactivity alternated. The results showed: (1) that scores on the DtDSS correlated significantly with average adrenaline level, and (2) that low physiological reactivity was indicative of neuroticism. PMID- 7272388 TI - Event-related brain potentials to semantically inappropriate and surprisingly large words. AB - Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from young adult subjects as they silently read 160 different seven-word sentences, presented one work at a time. The sentences either ended normally or were completed by unexpected words that were either semantically inappropriate, physically deviant or both. These two types of deviations were associated with distinctly different ERP components a late negative wave (N400) for semantic deviations and a late positive complex for physical deviations. A deviation along either one or these dimensions (semantic or physical) did not appear to alter the ERP effect of a concurrent deviation along the other. In addition, it was found that the ERPs elicited by the words during the reading condition were characterized by a left-greater-than right asymmetry in a slow, positive component. This asymmetrical scalp distribution was most pronounced for right-handed subjects having not left handers in their immediate family. PMID- 7272389 TI - Electrodermal responses to emotive and non-emotive words as a function of personality differences in affect level. AB - This study examined the use of the P scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire as a pencil and paper estimate of level of affect lability. Groups of subjects differing on the P scale were presented with emotive and non-emotive words. High P (low affect) subjects appeared inhibited in their emotional rating of all words, and displayed a restricted range in their reporting of this rating. Further, the electrodermal activity elicited by these words differed between the groups, with high P subjects again appearing relatively inhibited. These results support the validity of the P scale as a measure of affect lability and have implications for a recent hypothesis of impaired functioning of the reticular activating system in early-onset psychosis. The results may also be interpreted to support the role of significance in elicitation of the orienting response. PMID- 7272390 TI - Heart rate perception and the voluntary control of heart rate. AB - Heart rate perception was assessed in two sets of trials by having subjects set an intermittent visual pulse to match their heart rates. Just prior to matching subjects were required to either hyperventilate, hypoventilate or breathe normally to encourage a range of cardiac levels. Preceding each set of perception trials, bidirectional heart rate control was attempted. While one group of subjects received no exteroceptive feedback throughout, the other received continuous visual heart rate feedback on the second occasion. The data provided evidence of heart rate perception (as indexed by the correlation between interbeat and interpulse intervals) in a substantial number of instances. Further, perception was reliably associated with initial externally unaided cardiac control, although only in the increase direction. However, while the introduction of feedback tended to enhance cardiac control albeit only acceleratory control, no parallel effect was observed for perception. Analysis of interbeat and interpulse intervals in the different conditions of the matching task suggested that a real discrimination was probed by the procedure employed, but implied that respiratory cues afforded the basis for discrimination. PMID- 7272392 TI - Slow potential correlates of attention dysfunction in senile dementia: I. AB - The EEG was recorded within a CNV (S1-S2-MR) paradigm in 10 seniles and 10 normal elderly subjects. The presence of the CNV in senile patients was confirmed. The seniles' CNV amplitude and latency differed from the normals and suggested that the seniles were less able to efficiently maintain and shift preparatory set, and this was also reflected in their much longer reaction time scores. However some adaptation particularly on CNV peak latency was observed in the seniles across trials. PMID- 7272391 TI - CNV and EMG preceding a plantar flexion of the foot. AB - In 25 subjects CNV and EMG were recorded during a reaction time experiment with a fixed 4 sec foreperiod. The response was plantar flexion of the right foot. EEGs were recorded with four electrodes from the central area, two over each hemisphere. CNV amplitudes were larger over the ipsilateral than over the contralateral hemisphere. Amplitudes were smaller in the more lateral derivations. The late component of the CNV showed larger amplitudes when preceding relatively fast responses. EMG activity was recorded from the calf muscles of both legs. In the left leg it was not different during the intertrial interval and the foreperiod. A small but systematic increase in EMG activity was found during the foreperiod in the right leg. The increase was larger preceding fast responses, parallel to the amplitude changes in CNV late waves. PMID- 7272393 TI - Slow potential correlates of attention dysfunction in senile dementia: II. AB - The CNV was recorded from Fz and Cz placements in five seniles and five normal elderly subjects over two sessions under five ISI levels. In the first session 32 trials each of five foreperiods with 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 sec ISIs were recorded. The second session involved presentation of 32 trials of five foreperiods with 1.4, 1.8, 2.2, 2.6 and 3.0 sec ISIs. The use of a repeated measures within subjects design was to avoid the confounding effect of between subject variance. The results suggested that difference between groups in preparatory strategies as measured by amplitude and latency of the CNV were exacerbated for longer ISIs. Though the seniles seemed able to 'keep time' with small changes in ISI the effort invested in preparation of response was far lower than that of the normals. CNV amplitude and latency and RT measures showed that for both groups the optimal preparatory interval was around 2 sec, the seniles requiring a slightly shorter interval than the normal to synchronise preparation and response. Cortical topography differences suggested that the seniles' preparatory strategies were predominantly influenced by the extent of their initial frontal orienting response and that the seniles showed less differentiation between frontal and central recordings. The seniles' dependence on frontal orienting suggests that their performance does not benefit from preparatory set and results in a more stimulus bound divisive set. Implications of these qualitative differences in attentional strategy for behavioural management of senile patients are discussed. PMID- 7272394 TI - Effects of information processing demands on slow negative shift latencies and N100 amplitude in selective and divided attention. AB - The influence of information processing demands on auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) in selective and divided attention was examined by varying the stimulation rate and target difficulty in a two-channel discrimination task. Subjects were required to detect targets in either one or both ears (channels) in a series of tones presented randomly to both ears. The amplitude of the N100 component (latency 80-140 msec) of the ERP to all stimuli in an attended channel was greater if attention was focused on that channel that if it was directed to the opposite channel. N100 amplitude was also reduced in divided attention compared to focused attention. In general, these effects were obtained only if the stimulation rate was high and/or targets were difficult to detect. However, these effects of attention modulated an underlying slow negative shift (SNS) rather than N100 directly. The onset and peak latencies of the SNS were strongly dependent on the processing demands of the task. The results show that the temporal relationship of the SNS to the N100 component is the principal factor responsible for variations in the effects of attention on the ERP with changes in information processing demands. The relationship between these ERP components and resource allocation theories of attention is discussed. PMID- 7272395 TI - The effects of biofeedback and guided imagery on finger temperature. AB - This study was concerned with a comparison of the effects of biofeedback and of imagery on finger temperature increase. Twelve volunteer unpaid adults were randomly allocated to one of two groups: finger temperature biofeedback or guided imagery. All subjects received two baseline and five 15 min treatment sessions, during which stimulus presentation was carefully controlled. The biofeedback group rapidly established a superior ability to increase finger temperature; whereas guided imagery was consistently associated with temperature decrease. Some tentative evidence was produced which questioned the alleged importance of cognitive and interpersonal factors in biofeedback training. Implications for theoretical accounts of the mechanism of finger temperature control (via autogenic training or biofeedback), and for developing effective biofeedback procedures are drawn. PMID- 7272396 TI - Effects of personality and semantic content of stimuli on augmenting and reducing in the event-related potential. AB - Two groups of subjects classified as high vs. low in the need for power (n power) were assessed for augmenting versus reducing in the event-related potential (ERP) elicited by neutral and power-related words. Words at four different intensity levels in each of these two classes were randomly presented and ERPs in response to each word class at each of the four intensity levels were computed from EEG recorded at Fz. The results indicated that the two groups responded differentially to the power-related vs. neutral words. HIgh n power subjects showed reduction in response to both power-related and neutral words while low n power subjects showed augmentation in response to the power-related words. PMID- 7272397 TI - Birth order and uric concentrations. PMID- 7272399 TI - Radiographic examinations of electroejaculation in marsupials. PMID- 7272400 TI - The aging uterus and the role of edema in endometrial function. PMID- 7272398 TI - Identification of the three major proteins of porcine and rabbit zonae pellucidae by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: comparison with serum, follicular, fluid, and ovarian cell proteins. PMID- 7272401 TI - Intraepithelial leukocytes in the human mammary gland. PMID- 7272402 TI - Factors affecting luteinization of sheep and rabbit ovarian follicles: follicular contents and luteinizing hormone. PMID- 7272403 TI - Photoperiodic regulation of reproduction in postpartum Peromyscus leucopus. PMID- 7272404 TI - Polymer implant materials with improved X-ray opacity and biocompatibility. AB - Poly(methyl methacrylate) samples containing 28 wt% inorganic fillers such as zirconium oxide, barium sulphate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and tricalcium phosphate were prepared and studied for their suitability as implant materials by physical property tests, X-ray opacity measurement, cell culture, and animal implantations. Addition of inorganic fillers to poly(methyl methacrylate) increased the compressive strength but decreased the transverse strength. Zirconium oxide was found to be most suitable as an X-ray opaque filler, and tricalcium phosphate showed superior biocompatibility when added to poly(methyl methacrylate) in cell culture experiments. The zirconium oxide and tricalcium phosphate composites evoked no greater unfavourable tissue reaction in rats than pure poly(methyl methacrylate). From the physical and biological standpoints zirconium oxide is the radiopaque filler of choice to be incorporated in poly(methyl methacrylate) implant material and addition of tricalcium phosphate could improve it's biocompatibility. PMID- 7272405 TI - Platelet adhesion to smooth and rough hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces under conditions of static exposure and laminar flow. PMID- 7272406 TI - Cyclic voltammetry for the study of polymer film adhesion to platinum neurological electrodes. PMID- 7272407 TI - Histopathologic observations after short-term implantation of two porous elastomers in dogs. AB - This report describes the effects of pore size and material on soft tissue ingrowth of two medical-grade elastomers. Using the replamineform process, silicone rubber (SR) and bioelectric polyurethane (BEP) were rendered microporous with essentially the same microstructural pore configuration. Implants were prepared in each material having five pore size ranges: 18-25 microns, 30-45 microns, 75-95 microns, 60-120 microns, and 120-180 microns. Implants 1 cm X 1 cm X 1 mm were harvested at 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks following subcutaneous implantation in mongrel dogs. Ingrowth of the 18-25 microns and 30-45 microns implants in both polymers consisted of histiocytes and dispersed fibrocytic proliferation during the first two weeks. By 12 weeks, the fibrocytic component had increased, but histiocytes remained the principal component of ingrown tissue. In contrast, initial ingrowth of the 75-95 microns, 60-120 microns and 120-180 microns implants showed increased fibrocytic proliferation and minimal histiocytic reaction. By 12 weeks, ingrowth into the larger-pore implants had progressed to broad bands of well organized collagenous stroma. Differences in the rate of tissue ingrowth were found to be related to both material and pore size. Less than 15% of the void spaces were infiltrated by 4 weeks in 18-25 microns and 30 45 microns SR implants, although this increased to approximately 50% by 12 weeks. In contrast, the 3 larger-pore SR implants and all pore sizes in the BEP implants were almost completely ingrown by 4 weeks. PMID- 7272408 TI - In vitro performance assessment of tubular membrane oxygenators. AB - The definite advantage in oxygen transfer performance of staged (single, double and triple) tubular membrane oxygenators (TMO) is compared with reference to flat membrane oxygenators (Travenol or Lande Edwards). The overall construction of staged TMO with a blood mixing chamber is a very good way to destroy the blood boundary layer and modify the blood stagnant zone in the device. Four sizes of staged TMO were studied using the principle that gases dissolve in water in concentrations linearly proportional to the partial pressures of the gases when in equilibrium with the liquid. The experimental results show that the oxygen transfer rate and the corresponding overall oxygen mass transfer coefficient of staged TMO are increased by the same order as those of the reference membrane oxygenators. Furthermore the essential parameter analysis prove that oxygen transfer increases with the number of stages and decreases with the length of the blood tubular modules. The multistage design of TMO revealed an increase in the hydrodynamic resistance occurring in the apparatus. However the highest relative oxygen transfer efficiency suggests that better fluid distribution as well as better uniformity of oxygenation prevail in the staged devices. PMID- 7272409 TI - The fatigue behavior of vapor-deposited carbon films. AB - Vapor-deposited carbon films (about 4000 to 5000 A thick) on stainless steel substrate were cyclically loaded to 10(6) cycles. The carbon films did not fail in fatigue at strain levels up to 13.12 x 10(-3). Rather, the failure in the carbon film occurred as a result of plastic deformation in the substrate; i.E., the failure was directly related to the endurance limit of the substrate material, which, when expressed as strain, was measured in this study to be about 8.0 - 10.88 x 10(-3). The endurance limit was also found to be very close to the elastic strain limit of the substrate. The implications of the findings for the use of carbon coated components in prosthetic devices are also discussed. PMID- 7272410 TI - In vivo thrombogenicity of implantable cardiac pacing leads. AB - Implantable cardiac pacing leads must possess good thromboresistance. Three types of tubular insulator surfaces over the conductor wires were investigated. Materials tested were silicone rubber, smooth and roughened extruded polyurethane. Acute canine intra-arterial implantation methods were used. An index of thrombogenicity based on the weight of total thrombus formed per unit surface area of the vascular implant was determined for each test sample. Scanning electron microscope photographs of the lead surfaces were made. While silicone rubber leads were most thromboresistant, the polyurethane leads performed equally well. PMID- 7272411 TI - Generalized Spearman estimators of relative dose. AB - In a biological assay the expected response may be transformed to a variable bounded between 0 and 1. If the transformed response is regarded as analogous to the tolerance distribution function, the mean of that distribution may be estimated for the standard and test preparations, and a simple estimator of the relative potency obtained. The special case where the identity transformation is used for a quantal response corresponds to Spearman's estimator, and our generalization has similar unbiasedness properties to that estimator. Asymptotic results are derived when the intervals between dose levels decrease and the sample of each dose level simultaneously increases. These results are evaluated for the case with equal sample sizes at regularly spaced values of the dose metameter. An approximate test for similarity is proposed. If the tolerance distribution is known up to a scale parameter, then the transformation may be chosen so that the estimator is asymptotically fully efficient. An application to the thermal disinfestation of wheat is given. PMID- 7272413 TI - A general chain binomial model for infectious diseases. PMID- 7272412 TI - Analysing data from hormone-receptor assays. AB - Assay results for hormone receptors in human breast cancer are generally plotted in the form of a Scatchard plot. Usually a line is fitted to the data points by least squares regression and thence the concentration of binding sites present in the cancer is calculated. The subsequent treatment of the patient with hormones depends on this value, so a good estimate of it is necessary. In this study, three methods of representing the data, namely the Scatchard plot, the reciprocal plot and the Woolf plot, were investigated, and three ways of fitting lines to the data points of each graph, namely least squares regression, an unweighted robust procedure and a weighted robust procedure, were examined. When the data were well-behaved all plots gave similar answers for the concentration of binding sites, irrespective of the regression technique used. However, when there were up to three outlying points, the Scatchard plot, particularly with least squares regression analysis, performed poorly. The robust regression analyses yielded more consistent results on all plots; in particular the hitherto mistrusted reciprocal scale seemed to perform well under robust regression, but other evidence indicated instability in the plot. It is concluded that the most reliable way of representing binding data in these experiments is by a Woolf plot, and that the subsequent line fitting is made resistant by an unweighted robust regression analysis. PMID- 7272414 TI - A variance components approach to categorical data models with heterogeneous cell populations: analysis of spatial gradients in lung cancer mortality rates in North Carolina counties. AB - A mixed categorical-continuous variable model is proposed for the analysis of mortality rates. This model differs from other available models, such as weighted least squares and loglinear models, in that the within-cell populations are assumed to be heterogeneous in their levels of mortality risk. Heterogeneity implies that, in addition to the sampling variance considered in other available models, there will be a second component of variance due solely to within-cell heterogeneity. Maximum likelihood procedures are presented for the estimation of the model parameters. These procedures are based on the assumption that the distribution function for each cell death count is the negative binomial probability function. This assumption is shown to be equivalent to assuming a mixture of Poisson processes with the differential risk levels among individuals within each cell being governed by a two-parameter gamma distribution. The model is applied to data on lung cancer mortality for 1970-1975 for the 100 counties of North Carolina. The analysis shows that, though a gradient in lung cancer mortality rates exist in space, the gradient is restricted to specific demographic categories identified by race, age and sex. PMID- 7272416 TI - Comparisons of confidence intervals for attributable risk. AB - Confidence intervals for the attributable risk in various epidemiologic study designs are obtained, via a transformation, from the confidence interval for the natural logarithm of the product of the probability of being exposed to the risk factor, and the risk ratio minus one. When the estimated attributable risk is between .21 and .79, the width of the logarithmic transformation (LT)-based interval is less than that for a maximum likelihood (ML)-based interval. This simple sufficient condition applies to all three well-known epidemiologic study designs. Computer simulation results further demonstrate the superiority of the LT-based interval to the ML-based one when the sufficient condition is satisfied. PMID- 7272417 TI - Optimal sampling for pedigree analysis: sequential schemes for sibships. AB - Methods for inferring the mode of inheritance of a trait from familial data are becoming widely used. It is therefore important to assess alternative procedures for the collection of the relevant data. Cannings and Thompson (1977, Clinical Genetics 12, 208-212) and Thompson and Cannings (1979. In Genetic Analysis of Common Diseases, 363-382, New York: Liss) have advocated sequential schemes on the grounds that these admit simple methods for the correction of the likelihood function for ascertainment bias. Here it is shown that sequential procedures may also greatly increase efficiency, as measured by (statistical) information gained per individual sampled. Although attention is restricted to sampling sibships, and to a simple genetic model, the measures introduced are more widely applicable. A practical procedure for the construction of schemes, via a relationship between expected log likelihood and entropy, is also presented. This too is more widely applicable. A numerical example demonstrates the gains which can be achieved in practice, relative to alternative hypotheses which have been considered in several medical-genetic studies. PMID- 7272415 TI - Matching in epidemiologic studies: validity and efficiency considerations. AB - Validity and efficiency issues are considered with regard to the use of matching and random sampling as alternative methods of subject selection in follow-up and case-control studies. We discuss the simple situation involving dichotomous disease and exposure variables and a single dichotomous matching factor, and we consider the influence on efficiency of a possible loss of subjects due to matching constraints. The decision to match or not should be motivated by efficiency considerations. An efficiency criterion based on a comparison of confidence intervals under matching and random sampling for the effect measure of interest (the risk ratio and risk difference in follow-up studies, and the odds ratio in case-control studies) leads to the following conclusions when the sampling method does not influence the size of the comparison group. In follow-up studies, matching on a confounder is expected to lead to a gain in efficiency over random sampling, while matching on a nonconfounder is not expected to result in a loss of efficiency. In case-control studies, the same conclusions hold, except that matching is not as advantageous as in follow-up studies and can lead to a loss of efficiency in some situations (usually of little practical importance). When matching reduces the size of the comparison group, there is likely to be a meaningful gain in efficiency due to random sampling only when the matched comparison group is at most 40-50% the size of the randomly-sampled comparison group is a follow-up study, and at most 50-65% the size in a case control study. PMID- 7272418 TI - Comparison of procedures for testing the equality of survival distributions. AB - Sequential procedures based on the Mantel-Haenszel statistic (Muenz, Green and Byar, 1977, Biometrics 33, 617-626), the Wilcoxon statistic (Davis, 1978, Communications in Statistics, Series A 7, 389-398) and the Savage statistic (Koziol and Petkau, 1978, Biometrika 65, 615-623) have been proposed for testing the equality of two survival distributions when observations are singly censored. These procedures, and their fixed sample-size counterparts, are numerically compared with respect to power against Lehmann alternatives and expected proportions sampled. Of the sequential procedures, those based on the Wilcoxon and the Savage statistics seem preferable to that based on the Mantel-Haenszel statistic. Early decision rules are introduced and shown to be of value if used in conjunction with either the sequential or the fixed-sample procedures. Small sample corrections to the asymptotic critical values of the sequential Savage procedure are presented. PMID- 7272421 TI - Estimating probabilities from retrospective data with an application to cot death in Lambeth. PMID- 7272419 TI - A generalized multihit dose-response model for low-dose extrapolation. AB - A quantal dose-response model based on a multihit theory of toxic response is presented. When spontaneous background toxic response is included, the model involves three unknown parameters. The maximum likelihood estimators for these three parameters are given as the solution of a nonlinear iterative algorithm. The resulting three-dimensional vector of estimators is shown to be asymptotically strongly consistent, asymptotically unique with probability one, and, when suitably normalized, it has asymptotically a trivariate normal distribution. On the basis of these results, a large-sample goodness-of-fit test is given. The use of this model for low-dose extrapolation is indicated. Application of the results is illustrated using three sets of toxicity data. PMID- 7272420 TI - Maximum likelihood applied to a capture-recapture model. PMID- 7272422 TI - A distribution-free test for tumor-growth curve analyses with application to an animal tumor immunotherapy experiment. PMID- 7272423 TI - The choice of a chromatographic technique for the separation of IgM from human sera using gel-filtration method. PMID- 7272424 TI - Association of the sickle hemoglobin mutation with the variant 13 Kb Hpa I DNA fragment in the Algerian population. PMID- 7272425 TI - Abnormal histamine metabolism in a transplantable syngeneic spontaneous murine mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - Histamine metabolism of a transplantable syngeneic spontaneous murine mammary adenocarcinoma with a high degree of undifferentiation was studied. The endogenous histamine content is significantly higher than in normal intestine and lung. This is not due to an increase of the histamine biosynthetic capacity, which is lower than in the lung. The administration of histamine, 0.1 mg per kg body, for 7 days, decreased significantly the biosynthesis of histamine in the tumor, but not its endogenous histamine content; in the intestine and in the lung no significant modification of histamine biosynthesis was observed. It has also be shown that the proportion of radioactivity in the purified nuclear fraction of the tumor is significantly higher than in the intestine, after incubating either tissue with 3H-histamine. Since the mast-cell content of the tumor has been found to be low, our results should be considered as a specific alteration of the function of histamine in these tumor cells. PMID- 7272429 TI - Resistive artifacts in liquid-ion exchanger microelectrode estimates of Na+ activity in epithelial cells. AB - In experiments on the rabbit urinary bladder epithelium we have identified an electrical artifact in certain liquid ion-sensitive microelectrodes. This artifact arises from the high electrical resistance of the ion-sensitive resins which in some cases are comparable to the resistance of the microelectrode glass wall. For Na+-sensitive microelectrodes this situation led to shunting of the exchanger potential and consequently artifactually high calculations of intracellular Na+ in the rabbit urinary bladder epithelium. A method for minimizing this shunting effect is described. After reduction of the shunt the frequency response of the Na+-sensitive microelectrode was increased and the estimated ai Na+ was decreased to 7 mM. PMID- 7272430 TI - Laser light-scattering studies of bull spermatozoa. I. Orientational effects. AB - Calculations based on the known dimensions of bull spermatozoa show that the scattered light intensity is strongly dependent upon the relative orientation of the particle to the incident beam. The magnitude of this effect of apparently much greater than for other systems where motility has been investigated by dynamic light scattering. The calculations show that the scattering source can be approximated by a small spinning mirror, and consequently the greatest light intensity at the detector results from cells swimming in a direction perpendicular to the scattering vector. The calculations are in substantial agreement with photographic observations, as well as direct measurements of the scattered intensity. Previous treatments of dynamic light scattering from swimming bull spermatozoa based on point scattering models are shown to be incorrect. PMID- 7272426 TI - Mobilization of colony-forming cells (CFU-C) into the peripheral blood of man by hydrocortisone. AB - The effect of hydrocortisone on blood CFU-C has been studied in six normal subjects through a double layer agar culture system. Increased numbers of CFU-C appeared in the peripheral blood reaching a maximum 366% to 631% increase 5-8 hours after the i.v. administration of the hormone. Contemporary lymphopenia caused a 4 to 10 fold enrichment in the proportion of CFU-C to lymphocytes. Hydrocortisone added in vitro somewhat inhibited the colony growth. The results suggest that the increase of blood CFU-C is due to mobilization from the bone marrow. Hydrocortisone, when compared to other agents, appears to offer some advantages in increasing the blood CFU-C for clinical purposes. PMID- 7272427 TI - [Immunoglobulins and hyperlipoproteinemias]. AB - With the objective of detecting autoimmune hyperlipidemias (AIH) we looked for the immunoglobulins bound to the low-density lipoproteins (test Ig-Lp): in 50 normolipidemic subjects and, in 133 hyperlipoproteinemic patients: 43 of type IIa, 34 of type IIb, 36 of type IV and 20 of Type V. The Ig-Lp was negative in the 50 normolipidemic subjects. It was positive in 26 hyperlipoproteinemic cases, including; 5 of type IIA, 3 of type IIb, 7 of type IV and 11 of type V. These results were compared to those of a previous smaller study, which had not been randomized. The present work confirms the interest of such a test. Although it does not allow to ascertain that the tested hyperlipoproteinemias are AIH, it suggests that there is a specific relation between immunoglobulins and lipoproteins. PMID- 7272432 TI - Incorporation of photoreceptor membrane into a multilamellar film. AB - Multilamellar arrays of photoreceptor membrane up to 50 micrometer thick have been produced using a new method. Rhodopsin chromophore orientation in the films was studied using optical linear dichroism. The rhodopsin appears to be structurally intact and capable of photobleaching and regeneration. The production of biologically active liquid-crystal films offers a promising new approach to the study of biomembranes. PMID- 7272431 TI - Nitella fluctuation and instability in the membrane potential near threshold. AB - Excitation of Nitella internodal cell was investigated as an example of the phase transition in an open system far more thermal equilibrium. The power density spectrum of the membrane potential fluctuation had a bulge in a frequency range lower than 1 Hz at the resting state and a peak at approximately 0.03 Hz at a depolarized state near the threshold. A critical oscillation in the membrane potential was observed when threshold was gradually approached from the resting state. Repetitive firing was observed under a step-current of the superthreshold value. The frequency of spectral peaking, critical oscillation, and repetitive firing agree well with each other. The result suggests that the hard-mode instability occurs in the Nitella internodal cell. The membrane impedance had no peak in the same frequency region as the peak of the voltage spectrum. The spectral peak may be ascribed to be electrogenic pump modulated by the metabolic feedback system in photosynthesis. PMID- 7272433 TI - A spectroscopic study of rhodopsin alpha-helix orientation. AB - Polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and far ultraviolet circular dichroism of oriented multilamellar films of photoreceptor membranes indicate rhodopsin alpha-helices are predominantly oriented perpendicular to the bilayer plane. PMID- 7272436 TI - Pattern photobleaching of fluorescent lipid vesicles using polarized laser light. AB - A burst of linearly polarized laser radiation incident on a spherical lipid vesicle, liposome, or biological cell can produce a well-defined nonuniform distribution of membrane-bound fluorescent molecules, provided the absorption transition dipole moment of the fluorescent label has a nonrandom orientation relative to the membrane surface and can be photobleached by the laser radiation. The return (recovery) of fluorescent membrane-bound molecules to a uniform distribution can be monitored using the same polarized radiation source. Under appropriate conditions this recovery is characterized by a single exponential time constant tau. This time constant is related to the radius R of the vesicle and the lateral diffusion coefficient D of the fluorescent membrane-bound molecules by the equation R2 = 6D tau. In the case of vesicle membranes this result is not limited by diffraction and so should be applicable to vesicles whose radii are less than the wavelength of light. The above considerations are illustrated by the polarized light photobleaching-recovery of lipid vesicles containing a fluorescent lipid, N-4-nitro-benzo-2-oxa,1,3-diazole l-alpha dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-DMPE). PMID- 7272435 TI - Water in barnacle muscle. III. NMR studies of fresh fibers and membrane-damaged fibers equilibrated with selected solutes. AB - Water in barnacle muscle has been studied using NMR techniques. Fresh fibers are compared with membrane-damaged fibers treated with solutes that greatly alter fixed charge and total water content. Both water (97%) and solute (3%) protons are visible in continuous wave spectra of oriented fresh fibers. No local field inhomogeneities were detected, nor are cell solutes significantly bound. In pulse experiments, all cell water is visible and exhibits a single exponential decay. In fresh fibers, T2 approximately or equal to 40 ms; faster decaying signals are assigned to immobile and mobile protons on macromolecules. T1 and T1p are frequency dependent. Using equations derived for a two-compartment model with fast exchange, we calculate the following: tau b, the correlation time for anisotropic rotational motion of bound water; Sb, its order parameter; tau ex, the correlation time for exchange between bound and free fractions; f, the fraction of water bound; and Hr, the grams of water bound per gram of macromolecule. Whereas f varies inversely with total water content, the other parameters are virtually constant, with values: tau b approximately or equal to 1.3 X 10(-8) S; tau ex approximately or equal to 8 X 10(-6) s; Sb approximately or equal to 0.06; and Hr approximately or equal to 0.1g H2O/g macromolecule. Thus, the NMR relaxation detectable properties of water bound to macromolecules are unaffected by solutes that greatly alter the macromolecular surface charge. PMID- 7272428 TI - Laser Raman scattering. A molecular probe of the contractile state of intact single muscle fibers. AB - The 500 to 1,800-cm-1 region of the Raman spectra of intact single muscle fibers from the giant barnacle are dominated by bands caused by the protein component of the fibers. The frequency and the intensity of the conformationally sensitive bands indicate that the contractile proteins adopt a predominantly alpha-helical structure and are not affected when the contractile state of the fibers is changed from relaxed to contracted by addition of ATP and Ca. However, the contraction induces a decrease of the scattering intensity of some of the Raman bands caused by the acidic and tryptophan side chains, showing that these amino acids are involved during the generation of tension. PMID- 7272434 TI - Surface-induced lamellar orientation of multilayer membrane arrays. Theoretical analysis and a new method with application to purple membrane fragments. AB - The orientation of membrane fragments into a lamellar array by a flat surface is analyzed. This analysis includes processes such as centrifugation and drying and physical effects due to membrane fragment steric interactions, finite size, elasticity, and thermal fluctuations. Several model calculations of optimal orientational order in multilayer membrane arrays are presented. The predictions of a smectic A model agree quantitatively with the measured spatial dependence of the fluctuations in layer orientation in a multilamellar arrays. A new technique, based in part on this analysis, for the preparation of well-oriented multilamellar arrays of natural and artificial membranes, isopotential spin-dry centrifugation, is described. The method involves the use of specially designed inserts for the buckets of a standard vacuum ultracentrifuge. The membrane fragments to be oriented are sedimented from solution or suspension onto a substrate of a convenient material which forms a gravitational isopotential surface at high g. Sedimentation is accompanied by removal of the suspending medium at high g to produce oriented films with a selected degree of solvation. In addition, a method is described whereby small solute molecules can be maintained in constant concentration with the membrane fragments during this process. Initial application of the method to the orientation of purple membrane fragments is described. The degree of orientation obtained in this system is evaluated using freeze-fracture and scanning electron microscopy, optical birefringence, linear dichroism, and microscopy. PMID- 7272437 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance transverse relaxation in muscle water. AB - The origin of the nonexponentiality of proton spin echoes of skeletal muscle has been carefully examined. It is shown that the slowly decaying part of the proton spin echoes is not due to extracellular water. First, for muscle from mice with in vivo deuteration, the deuteron spin echoes were also nonexponential, but the slowly decaying part had a larger weighing factor. Second, for glycerinated muscle in which cell membranes were disrupted, the proton spin echoes were similar to those in intact muscle. Third, the nonexponentiality of the proton spin echoes in intact muscle increased when postmortem rigor set in. Finally, when the lifetimes of extracellular water and intracellular water were taken into account in the exchange, it was found that the two types of water would not give two resolvable exponentials with the observed decay constants. It is suggested that the unusually short T2's and the nonexponential character of the spin echoes of proton and deuteron in muscle water are mainly due to hydrogen exchange between water and functional groups in the protein filaments. These groups have large dipolar or quadrupolar splittings, and undergo hydrogen exchange with water at intermediate rates. The exchange processes and their effects on the spin echoes are pH-dependent. The dependence of transverse relaxation of pH was observed in glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers. PMID- 7272439 TI - Tetramer-dimer dissociation of carboxyhemoglobin in the absence of dithionite. AB - The generally accepted value for the tetramer-dimer dissociation constant KL4,2 of carboxyhemoglobin in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer lies in the range 1--2 micrometers. Previous determinations of the quantity have generally involved addition of dithionite to samples to exclude oxygen. We report flash photolysis experiments on carboxyhemoglobin in the absence of dithionite which suggest that KL4,2 is 0.2 +/- 0.05 micrometer. Addition of dithionite to our samples resulted in an order of magnitude increase in KL4,2 in good agreement with previously published results. The mechanism of this increase in dissociation has not been determined with certainty. However, impurities, possibly metal ions, are required in addition to dithionite to produce this effect. Dithionite did not increase KL4,2 for phosphate buffer solutions treated with Chelex 100 analytical grade chelating resin. Addition of bovine serum albumin to untreated buffer solutions before addition of dithionite was found to prevent increased dissociation. The sulfhydryl-reducing agents dithiothreitol and beta-mercaptoethanol were found to protect against the effect of dithionite and to reverse its effect on KL4,2 if they were added after the dithionite. The interaction of the unknown impurities with dithionite to produce increased values of KL4,2 could be mimicked by addition of CU2+ ions in concentrations of less than 1 micrometer to buffer treated with Chelex 100 resin. PMID- 7272438 TI - Diffusion coefficients of hemoglobin by intensity fluctuation spectroscopy: effects of varying pH and ionic strength. AB - Measurements of the mutual diffusion coefficients (D) of the liganded human hemoglobins (Hb) oxy-HbA and oxy-HbS were performed as a function of Hb concentration (CHb), pH, and ionic strength (tau) by intensity fluctuation spectroscopy (IFS). Average diffusion coefficients, (D), and normalized variances, ((D/(D) - 1)2), were recorded. Results are reported and select features are discussed quantitatively. (a) for tau = 0.15 M, the shape of the (d) vs. CHb curve is found to vary with pH. We developed a precise description of this effect in the form of an algebraic relationship between (D), CHb, and Z, the titration charge. (b) only slight differences between the (D) values of oxy-HbS and oxy-HbA are observed, at tau = 0.15 M, for CHb Less Than or Equal To 10 g%. These differences are explained by the theory of part a. (c) No evidence of aggregation is found in solutions of oxy-HbA or oxy-HbS, at tau = 0.15 M, for CHb Less Than or Equal To 10 g%. (d) Indications of aggregation appear in oxy-HbA solutions at very low concentrations of salt. An estimate is made of the extent of aggregation, and the average radius of a cluster is determined. PMID- 7272440 TI - Resonant and localized breathing modes in terminal regions of the DNA double helix. AB - A Green's function approach is used in constructing a dynamic model of a semi infinite length of the DNA homopolymer B poly(d) . poly(d). Considerable attention is focused on the hydrogen bond stretching close to the terminus. A melting (or breathing) coordinate (M) is defined as an average over the three linking hydrogen bond stretches in a unit cell. The thermal mean squared amplitude of (M) is enhanced at the chain end compared with the interior. Spectral branches at 69, 80 and 105 cm-1, as well as a local mode at 75 cm-1, are primary contributors to the enhancement. We suggest that this fact can affect the thermal melting of a DNA double helical homopolymer, enhancing the tendency to start from an end (if one is available). We show how certain infinite chain modes with small (M) amplitude can turn into breathing modes near the terminus, and suggest that the same phenomenon may occur near other specific base-pair sequences. There is also considerable attention paid to the low microwave region from approximately 0 to 1.75 cm-1. The thermally activated modes in this frequency region contribute approximately (0.02 A)2 to [M2(0)] at 40 K, approximately two orders of magnitude greater than for [M2(infinity)]. Most important however, is the existence of narrow resonant modes in this frequency region. Particularly pronounced resonances near 0.03 cm-1 and 0.08 cm-1 (approximately 0.9 and 2.4 GHz) amplify M2(0) at the terminus by about for orders of magnitude over the infinite chain value M2(infinity). PMID- 7272442 TI - Application of arabinofuranosyl cytosine in the kinetic analysis and quantitation of DNA repair in human cells after ultraviolet irradiation. AB - We have developed a technique whereby 3-h pulses of arabinofuranosyl cytosine (ara-C) and hydroxyurea (HU) are used to analyze the kinetics of repair with time after ultraviolet irradiation in human fibroblasts. We demonstrate that this technique offers a significant improvement over existing repair assays in its ability to visualize between 57 and 100% of all sites undergoing repair in a given period of time. In addition, kinetic analyses of repair are more easily made and yield more information than techniques such as repair replication or unscheduled DNA synthesis. We have also examined the nature of the inhibition event by ara-C and have determined that repair breaks accumulate in the presence of ara-C and HU only up to a certain time beyond which no further breaks appear. The time needed to reach this saturation point depends on the number of sites undergoing repair during the treatment time. This observation is discussed with respect to a possible mechanism of excision repair inhibition by ara-C and HU. PMID- 7272441 TI - A model of epithelial water transport. The corneal endothelium. AB - To try to understand how an epithelial tissue can transport water between bathing solutions of equal tonicity and how intracellular solute and protein concentration are related to the structural specialization of the cell membrane at its apical, basal, and lateral margins, we have formulated and solved, using approximate analytical techniques, a new model which combines the detailed transport of local osmotic flow in extracellular channel with the multicompartment approach of thermodynamic models requiring the overall conservation of water and solute for the entire cell layer. Thus, unlike most previous models, which dealt exclusively with either the average properties of the cell layer or the local transport in the extracellular channel, we are able to solve simultaneously for the interaction of the cell with its environments across its apical, basal, and lateral cell membranes as well as the detailed transport in the extracellular channel. The model is then applied to corneal endothelium to obtain new insight into the water flow movement in this tissue under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Then in vitro solution shows that the cell at 297 mosmol/liter is slightly hypotonic to the 300-mosmol/liter external bathing solutions which drive water equally out both the aqueous (apical) and stromal (basal) cell faces. This water is replaced from the extracellular channel. There is a net flow of water because more water enters the channel through its open stromal end than through the higher resistance tight junction. In vivo, the solution predicts that the stromal swelling pressure forces water through the tight junctions towards the stroma so that there is no net flow. The interesting new features of our solution are the water recirculation pattern and the role of the osmotically active proteins in making the cell hypertonic relative to the channel. PMID- 7272443 TI - Fluorescence photobleaching recovery in solutions of labeled actin. AB - We have demonstrated that the technique of fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) can be used to examine the state of a single component in complex self assembling macromolecular systems. Polymerization of actin, initiated by addition of salt or Mg+2 to a low-ionic-strength solution of G-actin, has been observed by sequential measurement of FPR with the aid of fluorescein-labeled actin. Solutions of actin which had been labeled using 5-iodoacetamido fluorescein (5 IAF) showed anomalous recovery of fluorescence above the initial value, which indicates a photoinduced increase in local polymerization. No such anomaly was observed with actin that had been labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The FPR data are directly interpretable in terms of the fraction of labeled protein that is immobilized in the supramolecular assembly and in terms of the average diffusion coefficient of the mobile fraction. Our data are consistent with the "treadmill" model of actin polymerization, in that they show that actin is present under polymerizing conditions either as a high polymer or as monomer or low oligomer. We believe that the FPR technique can be applied to the study of many types of reconstituted motile or cytoskeletal systems in vitro or in vivo. PMID- 7272444 TI - Evidence for pyroelectric and piezoelectric sensory mechanisms in the insect integument. AB - Quantitative pyroelectric (PE) and piezoelectric (PZE) measurements were carried out on the insect integument of live Blaberus giganteus (cockroach) and on dry integument preparations of the same species. Voltage responses to optical pulses of 10--500 ms, absorbed in the live integument, were PE: interference filter measurements showed the responses to be proportional to the absorbed thermal radiation flux and independent of the wavelength. The voltage/time-course of the responses was in agreement with theoretically calculated PE signals. Voltage responses to mechanical pulses were PZE. The responses of the inner and outer integument surfaces always had opposite electric signs. The polar character of the integument was confirmed by means of a separate dielectric heating method. To explain these results, we hypothesize that the PE properties are for the most part localized in the two outermost layers (outer and inner epicuticle) of the integument, which consists mainly of polar lipids and proteins. Parallel alignment of these polar molecules perpendicular to the integument surface is very likely. PE and PZE responses, therefore, will not only occur in live insects but will also be measurable in dead, dry integument preparations as long as the polar tissue texture remains intact. Due to its polar texture, the insect integument will react to rapid changes in temperature, illumination, or uniaxial pressure in the same way as nonbiological PE materials, where the voltage responses depend on dX/dt (X, pressure or temperature). It seems clear, therefore, that the well-known physiological reactions of various arthropods to such physical outside influences may be related to the PE property of their integument. PMID- 7272445 TI - Voltage-noise-induced transitions in electrically excitable membranes. AB - A quantitative study of the steady-state behavior of the sodium and potassium conductance for the Hodgkin-Huxley axon under the influence of an externally driven voltage noise is reported. The dichotomous Markov noise (random telegraph signal) considered allows for an exact evaluation of the stationary probability density of the conductances. Phase diagrams are constructed to represent the response of the system as a function of the amplitude and the correlation time of the noise. The results obtained for the Hodgkin-Huxley axon are compared with some molecular models used in the literature. PMID- 7272446 TI - Chloride permeability of membrane vesicles isolated from Torpedo californica electroplax. AB - The Cl- permeability of membrane vesicles prepared from the electric organ of the marine ray Torpedo californica was studied by means of radioactive tracer exchange and by measuring the changes in the scattered-light intensity caused by osmotically induced volume changes. Both types of experiments indicate that a substantial fraction of the vesicles is extremely permeable of Cl-. Furthermore, this permeability pathway is inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene, a well-known inhibitory of anion transport in a variety of systems. The properties of this permeability pathway are consistent with its identification as the voltage-aged Cl- channel studied in planar bilayers. PMID- 7272447 TI - Magic angle spinning carbon-13 NMR of tobacco mosaic virus. An application of the high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy to very large biological systems. AB - Magic angle spinning 13C NMR was used to study tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in solution. Well-resolved 13C NMR spectra were obtained, in which several carbon resonances of amino acids of the TMV coat protein subunits that are not observable by conventional high-resolution NMR spectroscopy can be designed. RNA resonance were absent, however, in the magic angle spinning 13C NMR spectra. Since three different binding sites are available for each nucleotide of the RNA, this is probably due to a line broadening caused by distributions of isotropic chemical shift values. In 13C-enriched TM 13C-13C dipolar interactions also gave rise to line broadening. By suitable pulse techniques that discriminate carbon resonances on the basis of their T1 and T1 rho values, it was possible to select particular groups of carbon nuclei with characteristic motional properties. Magic angle spinning 13C NMR spectra obtained with these pulse techniques are extremely well resolved. PMID- 7272448 TI - NMR study of synthetic lecithin bilayers in the vicinity of the gel-liquid- crystal transition. AB - 1H, 2H, and 31P NMR methods have been employed in the study of dimyristoyl lecithin bilayers hydrated with D2O in the gel (L beta'), intermediate (P beta') and liquid-crystalline (L alpha) phases. For D2O/lipid molar ratios, n, in the range 7 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 11 discontinuities are observed in the deuterium NMR splittings at both main and pretransitions. A partial phase diagram based on NMR and differential scanning calorimetry data is presented. 1H NMR dipolar splittings are observed for macroscopically oriented samples in all three phases. Changes in the 1H splittings are correlated with 2H and 31P data and interpreted to show that the chain tilt in the gel phase undergoes a discontinuous change on transition to the intermediate phase, which brings the chain axes closer to the bilayer normal. An estimate of chain tilt in the gel phase is made on the basis of NMR data and found to be approximately 23 degrees for a sample with n = 11 at 18 degrees C. PMID- 7272449 TI - A model of random fiber networks that describes the sieving of particles during gel electrophoresis. AB - A model is presented to describe the sieving of particles during gel electrophoresis by considering the movement of a spherical particle through a random network of straight, rigid fibers. The movement of the particle through the network is approximated by a discrete model of the network composed of parallel planes containing fibers through which the particle must pass. Unlike previous models this model does not assume that the rate of movement is proportional to the proportion of cross-sectional area available to the particle. The results provide a new justification for approximately linear Ferguson plots and suggest that for large particles, Ferguson plots may become nonlinear. PMID- 7272450 TI - Flash photolysis and low temperature photochemistry of bovine rhodopsin with a fixed 11-ene. AB - Nonbleachable rhodopsins containing retinal moieties with fixed 11-ene structures have been prepared. When the nonbleachable rhodopsin analogue corresponding to the natural pigment was flash-photolysed at 20.8 degrees C, no absorption changes occurred at the monitoring wavelengths of 380, 480, and 580 nm for the time range of 2 microseconds--10 s. This observation is in contrast to that of natural rhodopsin which showed the formation of metarhodopsin I and its decay to meta II. Irradiation of the artificial rhodopsin, 77 K, with light of 460 and 540 nm, also gave no spectral changes; in the case of natural rhodopsin, however, the irradiation leads to formation of the red-shifted intermediate bathorhodopsin. The absence of photochemistry in the artificial pigment shows that an 11-cis to trans photoisomerization of the retinal moiety is a crucial step in inducing the chain of events in te photolysis of rhodopsin. PMID- 7272451 TI - Fluorescence relaxation kinetics from rhodopsin and isorhodopsin. AB - The fluorescence kinetics of bovine rhodopsin and isorhodopsin excited with a single picosecond laser pulse have been measured with a streak camera. The rise and the decay time of the intrinsic fluorescence emission from rhodopsin and isorhodopsin are found to be <12 ps. PMID- 7272452 TI - A quasi-elastic light scattering and cinematographic investigation of motile Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AB - Quasi-elastic light scattering and cinematographical techniques were used to investigate the motility of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (wild type). It was found that quantitative information on the trajectory of motion was required for a meaningful interpretation of the autocorrelation functions. Two models for describing the oscillatory motion of the cell were developed; one based on the instantaneous forward-and-backward motion of the cell, and the other based on a sinusoidal perturbation to the average forward motion. Both models gave satisfactory agreement with the shape of the experimentally measured autocorrelation function, thus making it possible to use this measurement to determine mean progressive swimming velocities in a population of greater than 200 cells. PMID- 7272453 TI - Conformation of liquid N-alkanes. AB - The conformations of liquid n-alkanes have been studied using neutron scattering techniques to better understand the conformational forces present in membrane lipid interiors. We have studied hydrocarbon chains having lengths comparable to those found for esterified membrane lipid fatty acids, and find that the steric constraints of packing in the liquid state do not change the conformational distributions of hydrocarbon chains from those imposed by the intrachain forces present in the gas phase. It follows that the central region of membranes containing lipids in the disordered state should contain hydrocarbon chain conformations determined primarily by intrachain forces. PMID- 7272454 TI - Thermoelasticity of large lecithin bilayer vesicles. AB - Micromechanical experiments on large lecithin bilayer vesicles as a function of temperature have demonstrated an essential feature of bilayer vesicles as closed systems: the bilayer can exist in a tension-free state (within the limits of experimental resolution, i.e., less than 10(-2) dyn/cm). Furthermore, because of the fixed internal volume, there is a critical temperature at which the vesicle becomes a tension-free sphere. Below this temperature, thermoelastic tension builds up in the membrane and the vesicle's internal pressure increases while the surface area remains constant. Above this temperature, the vesicle's surface area increases while the tension and internal pressure are negligible. Without mechanical support, the vesicles fragment into small vesicles because they have insufficient surface rigidity. In the upper temperature range we have measured the increase of surface area with temperature. These data established the thermal area expansivity to be 2.4 X 10(-3)/degrees C. At constant temperature, we used either pipet aspiration with suction pressures up to 10(4) dyn/cm2 or compression against a flat surface with forces up to 10(-2) dyn to produce area dilation of the vesicle surface on the order of 1%. The rate of increase of membrane tension with area dilation was calculated, which established the elastic area compressibility modulus to be 140 dyn/cm. The tension limit that produced lysis was observed to be 3-4 dyn/cm (equivalent to 2-3% area increase). The product of the elastic area compressibility modulus, the thermal area expansivity, and the temperature gives the reversible heat of expansion at constant temperature for the bilayer. This value is 100 ergs/cm2 at 25 degrees C, or approximately 5 kcal/mol of lecithin. Similarly, the product of the thermal area expansivity multiplied by the area compressibility modulus determines the rate of increase of thermoelastic tension with decrease in temperature when the area is held constant, i.e., -0.34 dyn/cm/degrees C. PMID- 7272455 TI - Fluorescence of crayfish metarhodopsin studied in single rhabdoms. AB - Isolated photoreceptor organelles (rhabdoms) from eyes of crayfish (Procambarus. Orconectes) were examined on a microscope system designed for quantitative measurements of fluorescent. Although fully dark-adapted rhabdoms are nonfluorescent or very weakly fluorescent, an increasing emission appears on exposure to light. Over the 30-fold range of intensities studied, the rate of the appearance of this fluorescence is identical to the rate of formation of metarhodopsin from rhodopsin. Furthermore, the excitation spectra for the observed emission are similar to the absorption spectra of crayfish metarhodopsin at both neutral and acid pH. Finally, the amount of fluorescence observed in rhabdoms previously irradiated with selected wavelengths of light is proportional to the amount of metarhodopsin present in the photosteady state established by the prior irradiation. The emission therefore originates from crayfish metarhodopsin. Fluorescence emission peaks at 670 nm at neutral pH. The quantum efficiency is 1.6 +/- 0.4 X 10(-3). Although emission from other rhodopsin photoproducts has previously been noted, this is the first description of fluorescence from the metarhodopsin chromophore site. PMID- 7272456 TI - The structure of methylated xanthines in relation to their effects on DNA synthesis and cell lethality in nitrogen mustard-treated cells. AB - The variation in cellular response to alkylated xanthines possessing different side chains has been used to evaluate more fully the effect of caffeine on both survival and DNA synthesis in cells with DNA damage. A correlation is observed between the ability of these xanthines to reverse the inhibitory effects of nitrogen mustard damage on DNA synthesis and their ability to enhance nitrogen mustard lethality in human HT-29 cells. These findings are consistent with our theory that regulation of damaged replicon initiation protects against potentially lethal damage in the form of unrepaired DNA alkylations. Enhancement of nitrogen mustard lethality is observed to have a maximum limit, which can be reduced by highly toxic xanthine concentrations. The lethal effects of xanthines alone at higher concentrations are unrelated to the effects of caffeine specific to nitrogen mustard treated cells, and appear to be related to an immediate reduction in thymidine incorporation most likely caused by inhibition of other enzyme systems influencing DNA synthesis such as de novo and salvage pathways for purine biosynthesis. PMID- 7272457 TI - Ionic permeability of K, Na, and Cl in potassium-depolarized nerve. Dependency on pH, cooperative effects, and action of tetrodotoxin. AB - The passive ionic membrane conductances (gj) and permeabilities (Pj) of K, Na, and Cl of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) medial giant axons were determined in the potassium-depolarized axon and compared with that of the resting axon. Passive ionic conductances and permeabilities were found to be potassium dependent with a major conductance transition occurring around an external K concentration of 12-15 mM (Vm = -60 to -65 mV). The results showed that K, Na, and Cl conductances increased by 6.2, 6.9, and 27-fold, respectively, when external K was elevated from 5.4 to 40 mM. Permeability measurements indicated that K changed minimally with K depolarization while Na and Cl underwent an order increase in permeability. In the resting axon (K0 = 5.4 mM, pH = 7.0) PK = 1.33 X 10(-5), PCl = 1.99 X 10(-6), PNa = 1.92 X 10(-8) while in elevated potassium (K0 = 40 mM, pH 7.0), PK = 1.9 X 10(-5), PCl = 1.2 X 10(-5), and PNa = 2.7 X 10(-7) cm/s. When membrane potential is reduced to 40 mV by changes in internal ions, the conductance changes are initially small. This suggests that resting channel conductances depend also on ion environments seen by each membrane surface in addition to membrane potential. In elevated potassium, K, Na, and Cl conductances and permeabilities were measured from pH 3.8 to 11 in 0.2 pH increments. Here a cooperative transition in membrane conductance or permeability occurs when pH is altered through the imidazole pK (approximately pH 6.3) region. This cooperative conductance transition involves changes in Na and Cl but not K permeabilities. A Hill coefficient n of near 4 was found for the cooperative conductance transition of both the Na and Cl ionic channel which could be interpreted as resulting from 4 protein molecules forming each of the Na and Cl ionic channels. Tetrodotoxin reduces the Hill coefficient n to near 2 for the Na channel but does not affect the Cl channel. In the resting or depolarized axon, crosslinking membrane amino groups with DIDS reduces Cl and Na permeability. Following potassium depolarization, buried amino groups appear to be uncovered. The data here suggest that potassium depolarization produces a membrane conformation change in these ionic permeability regulatory components. A model is proposed where membrane protein, which forms the membrane ionic channels, is oriented with an accessible amino terminal group on the axon exterior. In this model the ionizable groups on protein and phospholipid have varied associations with the different ionic channel access sites for K, Na, and Cl, and these groups exert considerable control over ion permeation through their surface potentials. PMID- 7272458 TI - Modeling repetitive firing and bursting in a small unmyelinated nerve fiber. AB - The Hodgkin-Huxley equations, originally developed to describe the electrical events in the squid giant axon, have been modified to simulate the ionic and electrical events in a small unmyelinated nerve fiber. The modified equations incorporate an electrogenic sodium-potassium pump, finite intra-axonal volume, a periaxonal space, a calcium current, and calcium-dependent potassium conductance (GKCa). The model shows that adaptation can occur in two ways: increased Na-K pump activity because of periaxonal K accumulation or intra-axonal Na accumulation; or from an increase in (GKCa) caused by calcium accumulating within the axon. Bursting is an extension of adaptation and occurs when the sensitivity of the Na-K pump or (GKCa) to changes in ionic concentration is increased. PMID- 7272459 TI - Mechanics of Rouleau formation. AB - The formation of rouleau of red blood cells is considered from the standpoint of adhesion theory. With the use of the elastic properties of the red blood cell membrane obtained from previous work, the strain energy of the red blood cell in rouleau formation has been computed. The surface energy of adhesion for the bonding of two red blood cells is then computed from the variation of this strain energy. Computed cell shapes agree well with experiments. PMID- 7272460 TI - Testing of aggregation measurement techniques for intramembranous particles. AB - Under various physiological and nonphysiological conditions, the intramembranous particles, as seen by freeze-fracture electron microscopy, may be in various degrees of aggregation. To compare various schemes for the measurement of the degree of aggregation, a computer program has been used to generate simulated aggregations. A simple and adequate technique for quantifying the degree of aggregation, which is practical for the electron microscopist, is presented. PMID- 7272463 TI - A comment on nonlinear analysis. PMID- 7272461 TI - Modifications induced in phosphatidylcholine multilayers by Co-60 gamma-rays. AB - Using differential scanning calorimetry it was observed that gamma-radiation induced modifications in dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) multilayers in excess water. It was observed that, with the increase of the absorbed dose, the peak associated with the pretransition disappeared gradually, while the peak associated with the main transition became wider and flatter. The enthalpy change associated with the pretransition was found to be 4.4 +/- 0.3 kJ/mol of DMPC before irradiation and that associated with the main transition was found to be 26.0 +/- 1.3 kJ/mol of DMPC before and after irradiation. Moreover from our measurements, it seems that the trapped water becomes stable free water, because of the effect of the gamma-radiation. PMID- 7272465 TI - Isotope dilution mass spectrometry of cholesterol in serum. AB - Isotope dilution mass spectrometry is one of the best candidates for reference and definitive methods for the quantitative measurement of organic compounds. In this study sources of error were investigated. Where possible they were removed, and commercially available equipment had to be modified. The method was applied to the measurement of serum cholesterol. The precision is optimized and in the order of 0.5%. The mean of the recoveries of three measurements is 99.8%. The accuracy of the mean of three measurements is 0.2% if no interferences are present in the gas chromatographic mass spectrometric measurements. PMID- 7272464 TI - A new metabolite of propachlor isolated from germfree rat excreta. AB - 2-[S-(N-Acetyl)cysteine]-isopropylacetanilide sulfoxide was isolated from the excreta of germfree rats given oral doses of 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide. The metabolite was characterized by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry on samples isolated from rats dosed with [1-14C]-and [2-13C]-2-chloro-N-iso propylacetanilide. Artifact formation upon reaction of the sulfoxide with alcoholic HCl is discussed. PMID- 7272462 TI - Artifacts in the measurement of diffusion coefficients for hemoglobin by means of intensity fluctuation spectroscopy. PMID- 7272466 TI - Advances in gas chromatographic mass spectrometric protein sequencing. 2- Application to membrane proteins. AB - The primary structure of the integral membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin was determined by an efficient combination of gas chromatographic mass spectrometric techniques with the Edman degradation. This combination of methodologies circumvented many of the experimental difficulties associated with the insolubility of bacteriorhodopsin and its primary degradation fragments in aqueous buffers. Specifically, in the gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis of the cyanogen bromide peptides derived from bacteriorhodopsin, it has been possible to identify homoserine-containing peptides which served as a starting point for the construction of C-terminal sequences. In most cases this C terminal sequence constructed from the gas chromatographic mass spectrometric peptides overlapped the N-terminal sequence derived in an Edman degradation experiment, thereby completing the structure of the fragment. Furthermore, the specific identification of methionine-containing peptides required to establish the order of the cyanogen bromide fragments was accomplished by direct analysis of the complex mixtures generated by partial hydrolysis of segments of the protein. These data made it possible to determine the sequence of a large portion of bacteriorhodopsin solely from cyanogen bromide cleavage, one of the few specific reactions compatible with the solubility properties of this hydrophobic protein. Finally, the gas chromatographic mass spectrometric sequence data have been used to assign or confirm amino acids where the Edman data was ambiguous. These gas chromatographic mass spectrometric techniques resulted in an efficient and reliable determination of the complete sequence of this membrane protein which is 248 amino acids long. PMID- 7272468 TI - Evolution of the control of pigment and plastid development in photosynthetic organisms. AB - How do bioenergetic organelles relate to the cells they are in and how was this relationship established over the course of evolution? Plastids and mitochondria are viewed as prokaryotic residents in eukaryotic cells. These organelles are semiautonomous: they perpetuate themselves by division but regulate and are subject to regulation by the cell in which they are residents. Although these organelles are usually constitutive, their development is arrested in certain organisms when an inducing substrate is absent (light, for example, in the case of the chloroplast) with the formation of precursor organelles such as proplastids. Various trends in the evolution of photo-control systems are discussed including those concerned with photoperception and photomorphogenesis. The photocontrol of chloroplast development by blue and red light is discussed in relation to its possible evolutionary origins in a system for finding the right light for photosynthesis. Models for various types of cellular regulation by light during chloroplast development are discussed. Also considered is the evolution of plastid pigments in response to available light. A parallel evolution of accessory pigments and chlorophylls is suggested which led to chlorophyll reaction centers serving as energy sinks for light absorbed by accessory pigments and, therefore, having their absorptions pushed to the longest possible wavelengths as accessory pigments evolved to fill the middle of the spectrum in response to ecological selection. An endosymbiotic origin of bioenergetic organelles is suggested based on polyphyletic origins of chloroplasts from a number of oxygenic procaryotic precursors. The similarity between proplastids and these oxygenic procaryotes suggests that the original invading organelle may have resembled a modern proplastid rather than a mature chloroplast. PMID- 7272469 TI - The formation of chromophores through amino acid thermolysis and their possible role as prebiotic photoreceptors. AB - The thermal polymerization of amino-acid mixtures was studied at various temperatures and reaction times with specific emphasis on the formation of fluorescent chromophores. The reaction conditions appeared to have a pronounced effect on the ratio of synthesized chromophores and biuret-positive material. During thermolysis of equimolar mixtures of lysine, alanine and glycine or lysine, aspartic acid and glycine small amounts of pteridines and flavines are formed, which are often covalently linked to the thermal oligomer. These heterocyclic compounds are likely formed by condensation reactions of the amino acid break-down and conversion products. Reaction schemes that describe the processes are proposed. The significance of these chromoproteinoids is discussed in respect to prebiotic redox reactions and photoinduced processes. PMID- 7272467 TI - Propranolol, alprenolol and oxprenolol metabolism in the dog. Identification of N methylated metabolites. AB - The metabolism of propranolol, alprenolol and oxprenolol was studied in the dog and rat; propranolol in five additional species, including man. Basic, phenolic and neutral metabolites were extracted from urine at pH 9.6 after enzymatic hydrolysis. Separation and identification of parent drug and seven metabolites each for propranolol, alprenolol and oxprenolol in the dog were accomplished by gas chromatography mass spectrometry as the trifluoroacetyl derivatives. A very uniform and predictable fragmentation pattern was observed for all 24 compounds. Seven new metabolites were identified. The metabolism of all three drugs was qualitatively the same, including N-dealkylation followed by N-methylation or deamination of the primary amines. The parent drugs as well as all of their sidechain metabolism products were also partially ring hydroxylated. N Methylation was only found in the dog and is a minor metabolic pathway. The stereochemical composition of N-methyldesisopropylpropranolol and its immediate precursor N-desisopropylpropranolol showed a marked enrichment of the (+)-isomer. PMID- 7272470 TI - Phase separation, charge separation and biogenesis. AB - The current view of bioenergetics postulates transmembrane charge separation as a primary mechanism of energy storage and transformation. Using that bioenergetic view we examine possible methods of photon driven transduction in primordial vesicles. Two possible types of proton pumps are analyzed and a method of anaerobic photophosphorylation is discussed. Using these principles we theorize about the formation of prebiotic photochemical vesicles utilizing the same transmembrane energy conversions characteristic of contemporary cellular systems. PMID- 7272472 TI - Evolution of uphill electron transfer. AB - The evolution of photosynthetic energy storage is considered. The primary event in primordial inorganic or organic photoreceptors was charge separation at the expense of light quantum energy. The subsequent improvement of energy storage was attained by separately channeling electrons and "holes" to prevent back reactions. The anisotropic arrangement of photoreceptors in the primary membrane caused a coupling of photochemical charge separation to subsequent ion dislocation and was a prerequisite of primary photophosphorylation. The gradual improvement of the molecular organization of photoreceptor units resulted in antenna and reaction center development. The "hole" was primary located on a peculiar photoreceptor form and the electron passed by tunneling through the chain of intermediate carriers (chlorophylls and pheophytins); thus long-lived charge separation was achieved. The use of the electrons and the "holes" stored in reaction centers for the functioning of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain was realized by cyclic and non-cyclic pathways when the coupling of two photochemical events became the more perfect mechanism to use water molecule as an ultimate electron donor. The appearance of primitive cells inevitably required the coupling of the solar energy conversion mechanism to the reproduction mechanism which used stored solar energy. PMID- 7272473 TI - H+ transport in the evolution of photosynthesis. PMID- 7272471 TI - Metalloproteins in the evolution of photosynthesis. AB - Certain metalloproteins are common to all photosynthetic electron transfer chains. These include soluble proteins such as ferredoxins and cytochromes of the c2 type, and membrane-bound components such as cytochrome b, c1 and the Rieske iron-sulphur protein. The sequence of electron transfer Quinone leads to (cyt b, Fe-S, cyt c1) leads to cyt c2 indicates a common precursor to these systems and to the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In cyanobacteria the cytochrome c2 can be interchanged with the copper protein plastocyanin, and furthermore in chloroplasts of higher plants the latter is used exclusively. The ferredoxins in anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria are mostly of the [4Fe-4S] type, probably derived from those of the fermentative bacteria. These could readily be formed in the earliest cells from iron, sulphide and a very simple peptide. In the oxygen evolving cyanobacteria and the aerobic halobacteria the [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins predominate. The electron transfer chains of the cyanobacteria have been incorporated almost unchanged into the chloroplasts of plants. The electron transfer chains of purple photosynthetic bacteria were probably the precursors of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, as shown by similarities of cytochromes c2 and succinate dehydrogenase. However a different origin of the eukaryotic cytoplasm is indicated by the presence of the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. PMID- 7272474 TI - [Scanning electron microscope study of the ontogeny of human lingual taste buds]. AB - The surface of the tongue in the newborn and elderly subjects was examined by scanning microscopy to demonstrate some types of taste papilla. The lingual chemosensory auxiliary apparatus was shown to undergo heterochronic maturation in different periods of ontogenesis. The taste buds first matured in the papilla localized on the body and root and then on the apex of the tongue. The changes occurring in the chemosensory apparatus have been demonstrated for two age periods (for 60- and 80- year-old subjects). PMID- 7272475 TI - [Possible role of muscle receptors in regulating arterial pressure during shifts in acid-base balance in muscles]. AB - It has been shown on anesthetized cats that perfusion of the gastrocnemius muscle with a solution simulating metabolic acidosis (pH 7.1, [HCO3-]-12.7 mM, PCO2- 38 mmHg) produces a threshold reflex increase in the arterial blood pressure. The relationship between the magnitude of the pressor reflexes and the decreased bicarbonate concentration and pH is depicted by a curve that consists of two areas: an initial progressive rise of the blood pressure is replaced after pH 6.6 by a more abrupt increase in the intensity of the pressor reflexes. The results indicate that the muscle receptors may take part in arterial blood pressure regulation during acid-base changes in the skeletal muscle. PMID- 7272476 TI - [Effect of prolonged chronic stimulation of positive emotionogenic zones of the hypothalamus on blood lipid levels and arterial pressure]. AB - Chronic experiments on rabbits with electrodes implanted into positive affective zones of the hypothalamus, which provided the reaction of self-stimulation during experimentation have shown that prolonged, discrete (over 2 hours daily), chronic (over 2 months stimulation of these zones in unrestrained animals does not cause stable changes in the content of blood lipids but lead to a significant lowering of arterial blood pressure. Continued stimulation (for one month more) together with daily feeding of rabbits with small doses of cholesterol (60 mg/kg bw) produced the same effect as the stimulation of the negative emotiogenic zones, namely, a greater increase of alimentary hypercholesterolemia than in animals of two control groups (non-operated and with implanted electrodes), as well as arterial blood pressure elevation. PMID- 7272477 TI - [Microcirculatory bed of the rat small intestine after nerve reflex isolation]. AB - Intravital biomicroscopy of small intestinal wall vessels was used in experiments on rats undergoing total neuroreflex isolation of the small intestine to study the time course of changes in the diameter of intramural arterioles and venules of the first, second, third and fourth grades. It was demonstrated that neuroreflex isolation of the small intestine is accompanied by long-term deranged coordination of the vascular bed. These shifts appeared to be the earliest and the most significant in the major part of resistive vessels, determining the hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries and shifts in histohematic barriers, as well as in specific functions of the small intestine. PMID- 7272479 TI - [Mechanical oscillations in the pathologically altered myocardium]. AB - In pathologically altered myocardium (auricles) of patients with acquired heart diseases, there have been found mechanical oscillations of the tone which occurred after basic contracture induced by electrical stimulation. The oscillations were recorded at a normal ionic composition of Tyrode solution and a temperature of 32-34 degrees C. No mechanical oscillations were normally observed in the myocardium of patients with congenital heart diseases. It was shown that oscillations might affect the time course of the frequency-power curves. PMID- 7272478 TI - [Morphofunctional findings on the reversibility of changes occurring during cold stress]. AB - White rats exposed to low temperature (5-7 degrees C) over 80 days showed a slow growth of the body weight and liver, lowering of liver glycogen and cholesterol content, increase in the relative weight of the thyroid gland and in the nuclei size of adrenal medulla, fall of blood 11-HOCS level, change in the mitotic phase ratio in the epithelium of the tongue and cornea, and an increase in the number of pathological mitoses in the cornea. A great number of changes did not appear fully reversible after the discontinuation of the exposure to low temperatures. PMID- 7272480 TI - [Intracerebral pressure and the EEG following graded changes in cerebrospinal fluid volume]. AB - The effect of graded change of the CSF amount on the clinical status, intracerebral pressure and brain bioelectrical activity was studied in 31 patients operated on for brain tumors of various sites. Normally, the graded change in the CSF amount made with an object of examining the biophysical characteristics of the intracranial system did not produce the impairment of the patients status. Discomfort sensation that occurred in rare cases was not a consequence of either hypo- or hypertension as such but of the absence of CNS ability to adapt rapidly to the changes of the pressure in the cranium. The graded change in the CSF amount and thus in the CSF pressure caused minimum transitory changes in the intracerebral pressure of interstitial liquid and in brain bioelectrical activity. The data obtained indicate the feasibility of studying the biophysic characteristics of the intracranial system by means of graded changes of the CSF amount in neurosurgical patients undergoing acute postoperative period. PMID- 7272481 TI - [Mechanism of the functional transformation of paralyzed intercostal muscles in rats with experimental botulism]. AB - The rest membrane potential (RMP) and action potential (AP) of muscle fibers of external and internal intercostal muscles were examined in the local form of botulism. There was a decrease in the RMP and AP magnitudes in both groups of the muscles. This decrease was coupled with a greater proportion of the fibers with a low RMP. The excitability of the muscle fibers varied biphasically; it rose in the early period of paralysis and fell in the later one. The variations found might be accounted for by dystrophy of motoneurons innervating muscles. PMID- 7272482 TI - [Changes in the protein composition of chromatin in the presence of supplementary total histone]. AB - Relationships have been studied between call thymus chromatin isolated in a medium of low ionic strength (0.7 mM Na-phosphate buffer, pH 7) and total histone which was added in different amounts (up to a 40-fold excess) with respect to chromatin DNA. The maximum protein/DNA ratio in chromatin-histone complexes being formed was 3.27. It has been demonstrated for the first time that with an elevation in the amount of supplementary total histone there took place a release of natural histones of chromatin, first of HI and then of H2A and H2B. It is concluded that supplementary histone interacts with DNA, modifying its interplay and chromatin protein even though the dissociation is not fixed yet. PMID- 7272483 TI - [Role of lysosome permeability disorders in the mechanism of the low-temperature inhibition of protein biosynthesis in the rat liver]. AB - The effect of the supernatants of lysosomes subjected to a rapid or slow freezing and thawing on the protein-synthesizing activity of the rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant (S15) has been studied. It has been found that the addition of supernatants obtained after a slow freezing or thawing to a cell-free system results in a significant inhibition of 14C-leucine incorporation that is in a good agreement with their RNase activity. However, the RNase activity of lysosomal supernatants or Triton-lysate appears to be higher that the inhibitory effect on protein biosynthesis. The damaging effect of supernatants obtained after 2-hour storage at 2-4 degrees C of the frozen-thawed lysosomes has not virtually changed. PMID- 7272484 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the heterogeneity of rat brain mitochondria in isolated fractions and in situ]. AB - Heterogeneity of mitochondrial fractions in solutions of sucrose, sucrose and EDTA, mannitol and EDTA, and in Krebs-Ringer solutions with and without glucose was assayed by morphometry. Heterogeneity of mitochondria in varied solutions significantly differed from that in situ. Statistical analysis of mitochondria in isolated fractions and in situ as well as an analysis of the literary data allowed a conclusion that the mitochondrial system in the nerve cell is threadlike rather than discrete in shape. It has been established that heterogeneity of mitochondria in vitro depends on the conditions of tissue homogenization and isolation of the mitochondrial fraction. PMID- 7272485 TI - [Lipid oxidation processes in different rat tissues in the presence of hyperoxia and in the posthyperoxic period]. AB - Oxygen under 5 aim (convulsant and terminal states) evoked an increase in the level of lipid peroxides in the myocardium, spleen, blood, skeletal muscles, brain, kidneys, and liver. In the posthyperoxic period, there was a relatively rapid return to normal of the level of lipid peroxides first in the brain (after 1 hour) and then in other tissues (after 24 or 72 hours). PMID- 7272486 TI - [Nipecotic acid, a competitive inhibitor of the net uptake of 3H-GABA by rat brain synaptosomes]. AB - The kinetics of inhibitory effect of nipecotic acid on two different types of 3H GABA uptake (apparent uptake by intake and net-uptake by predepolarized synaptosomes) was studied. Nipecotic acid was shown to inhibit the net-uptake of 3H-GABA by competitive route. It is concluded that analysis of inhibitory, action of a substance and of its kinetics should by performed with due regard for at least two components; homoexchange of GABA which might reach 50-60% of total radioactivity taken up and the net-uptake of the neurotransmitter. PMID- 7272487 TI - [Correction of hypersensitivity to strophanthin in experimental myocardial infarction by pharmacologic effects on extracardiac innervation]. AB - Experiments on 176 cats with experimental myocardial infarction were made to study alterations in ouabain tolerance under pharmacological effects on extracardial innervation. It was shown that elimination of sympathetic innervation at different levels by benzohexonium, ornid and anapriline, as well as its relative weakening by proserine favoured the correction of hypersensitivity to ouabain in acute myocardial ischemia. Potentiation of sympatic effects by ephedrine and abolition of parasympathetic innervation by atropine increased ouabain cardiotoxicity. PMID- 7272488 TI - [Mechanism of action of etimizol on the energy metabolism of the neurogenically damaged myocardium]. AB - Ethimizol in a dose of 10 mg/kg prevents the decrease of calcium and creatine phosphate content in the myocardium of rats exposed to electrical stimulation. The drug was shown to exert a stimulant action on the heart adenyl cyclase system. It is suggested that the action mode of ethimizol on myocardial energy metabolism is connected with an activation of the adenyl cyclase system followed by the increased plasma membrane cell permeability by calcium ions. PMID- 7272490 TI - [Inhibition of DNA synthesis in vitro in normal and leukemic spleen cells after administration of a lyophilized aqueous extract of normal spleen tissue]. PMID- 7272489 TI - [Luminescent-histochemical study of the effect of atropine and dimethoxydichlorvinylphosphate on catecholamine concentration in certain rat brain structures]. AB - Histofluorescence was used to study the effect of atropine (5 mg/kg) and dimethoxychlorvinylphosphate (DDVP, 10 mg/kg) on the content of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) in some regions of the rat brain. The animals were sacrificed 30 minutes after administration of the drugs. It has been discovered that both atropine and DDVP increase the content of DA in the caudate nucleus and adjacent nuclei. In the NA-ergic system atropine reduces while DDVP increases the content of NA in the neurons of locus coeruleus. Interaction between the cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmitter systems of the brain is discussed. PMID- 7272491 TI - [Reaction between steroid hormones, the liver and its plasma membrane]. AB - The existence of two systems of steroid (corticosterone, estradiol and testosterone) incorporation into hepatocytes and binding by plasma membranes has been demonstrated. One of the systems is specific (saturated), since it binds and incorporates the hormones only in physiological concentrations. Affinity of this system for corticosterone is much higher than that for estradiol and testosterone. The other system (unsaturated) is nonspecific, since it binds and incorporates all the steroids in high concentrations. PMID- 7272492 TI - [Effect of sympathetic impulses on parafollicular cells (K-cells) of the thyroid gland]. AB - Reaction of K-cells (detectable by the Savitsky method) to stimulation of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia or to their removal was examined in experiments on male rabbits. Stimulation of the sympathetic ganglia attained as a result of application to them of a ringlet made of solid silver wire produced a marked rise of the number and size of K-cells, with the serotonin content in the thyroid gland being significantly increased as compared to the initial level. Bilateral cervical sympathectomy entailed a reduction in the serotonin content and in the size of K-cells. In the course of hyperthyroidization the functional activity of the thyroid epithelium decreased and K-cells underwent a pronounced reduction. PMID- 7272493 TI - [Relation between the status of cellular immunity and pharmacologic immunocorrection of the wound process by phytohemagglutinin in rabbits]. AB - Altogether 183 C57BL/6 mice were used to determine the optimum dose of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) to be equal to 3 microgram/g liniment tela, which reduced the time of wound healing by 33%. Experiments on 255 heterobred rabbits of both sexes revealed that the natural animal population could be distributed into three groups according to delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to PHA: highly sensitive, moderately sensitive and poorly sensitive, in a ratio of 1:1, 5:1. Microscopic, cytological and histological analyses have demonstrated that PHA exerts a selective therapeutic effect on wound healing. The reduction of the time required for wound healing by 38% and positive changes in cellular dynamics of inflammation have been observed only in the animals with a weak DTH to PHA. The PHA intracutaneous test is recommended for selection of patients being in want of pharmacological correction of wound healing. PMID- 7272494 TI - [Mouse cell line with stable inheritance of colchicine resistance]. AB - A new mouse cell line B-82CH(R)-9 is described, which is 25-fold more resistant to the cytotoxic action of colchicine than the known lines. The drug resistance of this cell line originates from the decreased plasmic membrane permeability. This follows from several facts: 1) 3H-colchicine uptake by intact resistant cells is decreased 5-10-fold; 2) the binding of labeled colchicine by extracts of resistant cells is unchanged; 3) colchicine resistant cells are cross-resistant to the drugs which are not active in binding the microtubular protein tubulin: the uptake of 3H-puromycin and 3H-cytochalasin B is decreased 2.1 and 2.5-fold, respectively. Unlike colchicine resistant mouse cell lines obtained earlier, the drug resistance of B-82CH(R)-9 cells is stable. After cultivation without a selective agent for 3 and 6 months the level of colchicine resistance remained unchanged. PMID- 7272498 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the early stages of skeletal muscle regeneration in sexually mature animals]. AB - It has been found that during the crush of musculus gastrocnemius in adult rats, there occur two sources of myoblast formation: satellite cells and nucleo sarcoplasmatic areas that split off injured muscle fibers. The latter process is preceded by changes in the ultrastructure of the perinuclear cytoplasmic zone where microtubules, ribosomes and polyribosomes, fissural cavities, vesicles, myofilaments, and cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are formed. PMID- 7272495 TI - [Effect of various pharmacologic preparations on the viability of Chinese hamster fibroblasts in vitro]. AB - The effect of the physiologically active substances (histamine, serotonin) and their antagonists (bicarfene, cyproheptadine and preparation 407) on the growth of Chinese hamster fibroblasts in vitro has been studied. The cell survival evaluated from the number of colonies grown by the 7th day of cultivation served as criterion for the action of the substances under study. Determination of amines in fibroblast extracts was made by spectrofluorometry. It has been discovered that Chinese hamster fibroblasts are susceptible to a number of pharmacological preparations, antagonists of serotonin and histamine, and that histamine abolishes the inhibitory action of the respective antagonist on the colony growth. Biochemical analysis has shown that these fibroblasts contain tryptamine and serotonin and, tentatively, histamine. It is assumed that these endogenous physiologically active substances participate in the fibroblast growth control. PMID- 7272497 TI - [Status of neurocytes of the arcuate and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and median eminence in rats exposed to prolonged internal irradiation]. AB - Ultrastructural changes caused by single administration of 75Se-selenomethionine (1.22 X 10(4) Bk/g bw) were studied in neurocytes of the arcuate and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and medial eminence in random-bred male rats. Within the first three months after administration of the radioactive agent, there was an activation of the synthesis of neurocyte secretion granules and release of their content from nerve terminals into the channel of medial eminence portal capillaries. Afterwards (over 6-12 months) the synthesis of of neurocyte secretion material and the release into medial eminence portal capillaries were suppressed. By the 18th month after 75Se-selenomethionine administration there occurred a relative normalization of the structure and function of neurocytes, and activation of the release of the contents of secretion granules from nerve terminals into the channel of medial eminence portal capillaries. PMID- 7272496 TI - [Heterogeneity of the functional properties of macrocolonies of rat small intestine epitheliocytes]. AB - The relationship was studied between the enzymatic activity of epitheliocyte macrocolonies of the rat small intestine and their size and the DNA synthesis rate. High degree of enzymatic differentiation was manifested by small colonies (1-4 mg) with a delayed 3H-thymidine incorporation into crypt cells. In macrocolonies sized over 5 mg with the normal DNA synthesis rate, the enzymatic differentiation was slightly marked. The evidence obtained indicates that epitheliocyte macrocolonies arising from individual stem cells have different functional properties depending on the DNA synthesis rate and the size of macrocolonies. PMID- 7272499 TI - [Ultrastructural organization of tuft cells of the small intestinal epithelium]. AB - Electron microscopy was used to described a special cell type seen in the small intestinal epithelium of rats (conventional, sterile, monocontaminated with El Tor cholera vibrios, and three-day-old). Ultrastructurally the cells in question appeared to be analogous to "brush" alveolocytes and tuft cells of the mucous membrane of the bronchi, stomach, gallbladder and eyes. It is suggested that these cells may be attributed to receptor cells performing resorptive and secretory functions. PMID- 7272501 TI - Molecular and cell biologic aspects of erythropoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - In long-term marrow cultures, proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells occurs for several months. Normally, only the most primitive erythroid progenitor cells are produced (the BFU-E). Following treatment with anemic mouse serum (AMS) or normal mouse serum plus erythropoietin, the BFU-E mature into CFU E, which then go to produce mature nonnucleated red cells. This development is associated with the production of adult type hemoglobin. Furthermore, erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis occur in association with discrete cellular elements of the adherent cell layer in the long-term culture. Following treatment with AMS, erythropoiesis is enhanced while granulopoiesis is depressed, with no apparent competition at the stem cell or progenitor cell level. PMID- 7272500 TI - A rapid assay for evaluation of iron-chelating agents in rats. AB - The animal assay of potential new iron-chelating agents is at present dependent on cumbersome and imprecise iron balance studies in hypertransfused rodents. We report the development of a radioisotope assay in intact rats based on the transient labeling by ferritin 59Fe of the main source of chelatable iron within hepatocytes. The isotope was maximally available to chelators during the first 6 hr after its injection, nearly all the excretion being in the bile. The bile 59Fe/total iron ratio was independent of both the chelator and its dose. However, in iron-loaded rats, the ratio was reduced, and the isotope excretion was a less sensitive measure of intrahepatic chelation. In the proposed assay, test chelators were given to normal rats 2 hr after an intravenous injection of 59Fe ferritin. Four hours later, the radioiron in the liver and in the gut gave a sensitive measure of the mobilization of hepatic iron to the bile. In addition, chemical iron determinations identified a small alternative source of urinary chelate with agents known to promote urine excretion in man. The assay gave a rapid and precise screen for chelators given by parenteral and oral routes. PMID- 7272502 TI - The presence within single K-562 cells of erythropoietic and granulopoietic differentiation markers. AB - The continuous cell line K-562, derived from a patient with CML in blast crisis, was examined for markers of granulopoietic (My-1) and erythropoietic (spectrin) differentiation, using specific antibodies detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Both markers were seen, and in 10%--30% of cells, both were present in the same cells. In contrast, the continuous leukemic line HL-60 and KGI contained My-1 only. Controls consisted of colonies in culture containing both granulopoietic and erythropoietic cells (CFU-GEMM). In these, My-1 was seen only in granulopoietic cells and spectrin in erythropoietic cells. The suggestion is advanced that genes coding for differentiation markers are expressed abnormally in K-562. PMID- 7272503 TI - Human granulocytes generated in continuous bone marrow culture are physiologically normal. AB - A long-term bone marrow culture system has been derived for maintenance and proliferation of human hemopoietic stem cells and granulocytes in vitro for up to 20 wk. The granulocytes generated in these cultures at 8 wk were comparable to fresh human peripheral blood granulocytes in physiologic properties, including phagocytosis, degranulation, respiratory burst, and bacterial killing: individual granulocytes generated up to 20 wk in several cultures demonstrated normal superoxide-generating capacity by NBT dye reduction slide test. Thus, human granulocytes generated in continuous marrow culture retain many biologic functions associated with bacterocidal capacity in vivo and indicate that this system should be of value in studies of disorders of granulocyte differentiation. PMID- 7272504 TI - Enzymatic conjugation of erythrocyte glutathione with 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene: the fate of glutathione conjugate in erythrocytes and the effect of glutathione depletion on hemoglobin. AB - Erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) can be rapidly depleted by incubating the cells with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), which forms 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S glutathione with GSH through the reaction catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase. GSH-CDNB conjugate thus formed stays undegraded within the erythrocytes. This indicates that in the erythrocytes, mercapturic acid pathway is inoperative. Depletion of GSH in the intact erythrocytes by CDNB results in rapid oxidation of large amounts of hemoglobin to methemoglobin. When glutathione S-transferase-free hemolysate of erythrocytes is incubated with CDNB, the depletion of GSH as well as methemoglobin formation are minimal. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities of the erythrocytes are not affected by CDNB. These studies provide a specific enzymatic method for rapid removal of erythrocyte GSH and also indicate that GSH is vital in maintaining a reduced environment within the erythrocytes. PMID- 7272505 TI - Defective neutrophil migration in monosomy-7. AB - The migration in vitro of neutrophils from six patients with monosomy-7 or partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7 was studied by two methods: the Millipore filter assay and the migration under agarose assay. Four of the patients had preleukemia, one had subacute myelomonocytic leukemia, and one polycythemia vera. In four patients, chemotaxis (migration towards a higher concentration of chemoattractant) and chemokinesis (stimulated migration without a gradient) were shown to be defective by both methods. In the remaining two patients, this defect could be demonstrated only by the Millipore filter assay or by the agarose assay. Under agarose, random locomotion (no chemoattractant present) of the patients' neutrophils was less than that of the control subjects in four patients, whereas no clear difference could be shown by the Millipore filter method. This study demonstrates that the previously described defect of neutrophil migration in monosomy-7 involves not only chemotaxis but all stimulated migration and, at least in some patients, random locomotion as well. Defective migration in two patients with an apparently terminal deletion of the long arm of one chromosome 7 indicates that the distal half of 7q carries genetic material important for neutrophil locomotion. PMID- 7272506 TI - Nonrandom chromosome abnormalities in acute leukemia and dysmyelopoietic syndromes in patients with previously treated malignant disease. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed on 26 patients who developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) or a dysmyelopoietic syndrome after treatment of a primary malignancy. Fifteen patients had radiotherapy and chemotherapy, seven had only chemotherapy, and four had only radiotherapy. The median times from diagnosis of the initial disease to the development of bone marrow dysfunction for these treatment groups were 50, 46, and 49 mo, respectively. Twenty-five patients had an abnormal karyotype in myeloid cells. Loss of part or all of no. 5 and/or no. 7 was noted in 23 of 25 patients with aneuploidy. Loss of no. 5 was noted only in patients who previously had malignant lymphoma, whereas loss of no. 7 was seen in these patients as well as in those who had other malignancies. Abnormalities of both nos. 5 and 7 occurred in 53% of the patients treated with combined therapy and in only 27% of patients treated with either modality alone. Although these changes are distinctly different from those noted in lymphomas, they are similar to those seen in 25% of aneuploid patients with ANLL de novo. PMID- 7272507 TI - Attachment of particle-bound IgG and complement to human neutrophils. AB - The attachment of particle-bound IgG in a nonphagocytic system stimulates formation of a microfilament-rich, organelle-poor zone in the subjacent cytoplasm of human neutrophils. The attachment site is characterized by ruffling and invagination of the neutrophil membrane. Both IgG attachment and formation of the organelle-poor zone are inhibited by the microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin-B, but not by inhibitors of microtubules, such as colchicine or vinca alkaloids. In contrast, attachment of particle-bound complement is not inhibited by cytochalasin-B in doses known to disrupt actin filaments. There is no discernable change in the subjacent cytoplasm of the neutrophil in response to complement and the membrane attachment site is smooth, without ruffling or invagination. These studies disclose that both IgG-mediated attachment to neutrophils and its sequel, peripheral cytoplasmic reorganization, are mediated by cytochalasin-sensitive structures, possibly actin. Complement-mediated attachment to neutrophils is insensitive to high doses of cytochalasin, suggesting that actin integrity is not required. PMID- 7272508 TI - A simple in vitro method for the assessment of ineffective erythropoiesis. AB - A simple in vitro method has been developed for the assessment of ineffective erythropoiesis by measuring the release of heme from a labeled cohort of erythroblasts in short-term suspension culture. The release of labeled heme was shown to correlate with the death of erythroblasts in culture determined by cell counting. Heme release was markedly increased in conditions where there is known to be excessive ineffective erythropoiesis, while in hematologic disorders where ineffective erythropoiesis is thought to be normal, heme release was within the normal range. PMID- 7272509 TI - ADP and epinephrine-induced release of platelet fibrinogen. AB - Human platelets gel-filtered into Tyrode's buffer containing 1 mM Mg++ and 0.35% bovine serum albumin were studied to determine whether they would undergo biphasic aggregation and release of alpha-granule proteins in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or epinephrine without addition of exogenous fibrinogen. Fibrinogen concentration in the supernatant of unaggregated gel filtered platelets was less than 1 pmole/ml. With addition of ADP or epinephrine, biphasic aggregation was seen, with release of platelet fibrinogen, beta thromboglobulin, and platelet factor 4. Fibrinogen concentration in the supernatant after aggregation ranged from 15 to 70 pmole/ml. Release of the alpha granule proteins by epinephrine was coincidental with release of the dense granule adenine nucleotides. Aggregation and alpha-granule protein release by both ADP and epinephrine were inhibited by added Ca++ at 1--2 mM. The ability of gel-filtered platelets to undergo ADP- and epinephrine-induced aggregation and release in the absence of exogenous fibrinogen suggests that released platelet fibrinogen may be able to fulfill the requirement for fibrinogen in ADP- and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation and release. PMID- 7272510 TI - Hemoglobin Great Lakes (beta 68 [E12] leucine replaced by histidine): a new high affinity hemoglobin. AB - Hemoglobin Great Lakes, beta 68 (E12) Leu replaced by His is a new high oxygen affinity hemoglobin variant discovered in a 29-yr-old female having numerous hospitalizations for thrombophlebitis associated with mild erythrocytosis. The mutant hemoglobin has normal stability and normal electrophoretic mobility, but increased oxygen affinity (P-50 16.1 mm Hg at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4) and reduced cooperativity. The abnormal beta-chain could be separated on globin chain chromatography on carboxymethyl/cellulose in spite of the normal electrophoretic mobility of the intact hemoglobin. The leucyl residue at beta 68th position (E12) is in the middle of E-helix, which is part of the heme pocket and next to the valine (E11), which is the heme binding site. The substitution of proline for leucine in hemoglobin Mizuho resulted in the distortion of tertiary structure of the beta-chains and lead to a serious instability of hemoglobin molecule. However, the substitution of this residue by histidine in hemoglobin Great Lakes is not associated with hemoglobin instability. PMID- 7272511 TI - Membrane fluidity changes accompanying phagocytosis in normal and in chronic granulomatous disease polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - We have studied membrane fluidity changes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) during phagocytosis. Membrane fluidity was assessed by electron spin resonance (ESR) using a nitroxide-substituted stearic acid analog (5DS) as a spin probe. PMN from normal subjects and from 3 CGD patients (2 males, 1 female) were incubated in Kreb's Ringers phosphate with or without opsonized zymosan. ESR spectra were obtained and the order parameter (S), which is inversely related to membrane fluidity, was calculated. Without zymosan addition, S for normal (0.638) and for CGD (0.635) were not significantly different (p less than 0.35). The S values indicate that under resting conditions the molecular environment of the CGD membrane is similar to that of normal PMN membranes. However, with addition of opsonized zymosan, the normal, but not the CGD, PMN showed a significant increase (CGD, S = 0.638; normal, S = 0.647; p less than 0.001). This change in S for the normals is consistent with a more restricted movement of 5DS. Treatment of normal PMN with a mixture of scavengers specific for H2O2 (catalase, 1600 U/ml), O2-.(superoxide dismutase, 100 micrograms/ml), and for HO., (sodium benzoate, 1mM) during zymosan stimulation gave S values similar to those of resting cells. Catalase alone also lowered S value, suggesting that H2O2 was instrumental in causing the initial S value increase. This idea was supported by studies in which CGD cells were incubated with zymosan in the presence of glucose oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes glucose oxidation resulting in the direct reduction of molecular oxygen to H2O2. Our results indicate that reduced O2 by products, particularly H2O2, can cause altered biophysical properties of PMN membrane during phagocytosis. PMID- 7272512 TI - Coincidental nontransfusional iron overload and thalassemia minor: association with HLA-linked hemochromatosis. AB - A pedigree was studied in which five individuals with beta-thalassemia minor were found to have nontransfusional hemochromatosis. Three were children under the age of 10 and two were young male adults, ages 28 and 33. A 5-yr-old child without evidence of thalassemia also had hemochromatosis. Since hemochromatosis is transmitted as an HLA-linked autosomal recessive disorder, HLA haplotypes serve as markers of hemochromatosis alleles. In this pedigree, five identifiable HLA haplotypes were associated with hemochromatosis alleles. Only individuals with two hemochromatosis alleles (homozygosity) had heavy iron loads, whether beta thalassemia minor was present or not. Individuals with beta-thalassemia minor but without a hemochromatosis allele had normal transferrin saturation. A 65-yr-old man with beta-thalassemia minor and a single hemochromatosis allele had only a minimally elevated transferrin saturation (54%). The presence of beta-thalassemia minor did not appear to accentuate the degree of iron loading expected in individuals homozygous or heterozygous for hemochromatosis alleles. Our findings suggest that nontransfusional hemochromatosis found in association with beta thalassemia minor is due primarily to homozygosity for hemochromatosis. PMID- 7272513 TI - Protection of ovarian function by oral contraceptives in women receiving chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. AB - It has been reported by us and by others that after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease the ovary contains fewer than 5 primordial and primary follicles per 5 x 5 mm biopsy section. In young women this is associated with premature menopause. We report here that before treatment the tissue contains 18--55 such follicles per biopsy section. When women took combination oral contraceptives throughout the course of MVPP therapy, the posttreatment ovarian biopsy tissue had more than 20 follicles per histologic section. Normal menses were established in the five women who discontinued oral contraceptives at the end of MVPP therapy, and one of them is now pregnant. PMID- 7272514 TI - Incidence of specific chromosomal aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7272515 TI - Research findings on the nature of constructs in schizophrenics. AB - Using a personal construct theory approach, Radley (1974) proposes a theoretical view about the nature and genesis of schizophrenic thought disorder. In this study, we replicate some results of previous studies on which Radley relies and we test some implications of his view. A test, consisting of the four possible combinations of elicited and supplied constructs and elicited and supplied elements was administered on group of schizophrenics, part of them being thought disordered (TD), part of them being not thought disordered (NTD) at the moment of testing and on a matched group of normals. An additional test was administered in order to obtain a maldistribution score. Our findings confirm most of the characteristics of the TD and NTD phase in schizophrenics, as proposed by Radley and they suggest some additions to that view. Moreover, they call for some changes in the scoring system of the Grid Test for Schizophrenic Thought Disorder (Bannister & Fransella, 1967) by using the Element Consistency, Social Agreement and maldistribution scores and Intensity and Differentiation scores of only the retest. PMID- 7272516 TI - The immediacy hypothesis of schizophrenia tested in the Grid Test. PMID- 7272517 TI - Recall of the symptoms of alcoholism by alcoholics and non-alcoholics. PMID- 7272518 TI - Temporal patterns in ward disturbance among psychiatric patients. PMID- 7272519 TI - Changes in frequency and distress during prolonged repetition of obsessional thoughts. AB - Five obsessive-compulsive patients were treated for intrusive thoughts by three sessions of repetition of the thought. Within- and between-session changes in both frequency and subjective distress lent only partial support to the habituation and conditioned inhibition models which have been used to account for the effects of prolonged repetition. Alternative explanations should be sought. PMID- 7272521 TI - [The biological role of positive and negative feedback loops]. PMID- 7272520 TI - The Bristol Social Adjustment Guide: comparison between the offspring of alcoholic and non-alcoholic mothers. AB - A German translation of the BSAG was completed by class-teachers of children whose mothers had a history of alcoholism. These children were judged as showing significantly more over-reactive behaviour in school than a control group of children whose mothers had no previous alcohol abuse. Furthermore, the alcoholic mothers also reported more over-active behaviour in their own childhood. The results are supportive of retrospective studies with adult alcoholics which indicate that childhood hyperactivity may be one precursor of subsequent alcohol abuse. PMID- 7272522 TI - The emotional brain. PMID- 7272523 TI - [Regulation of the activity of enzymes of biotransformation; toxicological implications]. PMID- 7272524 TI - [Europe, health, science: assessment of the problem]. PMID- 7272525 TI - European health policy - a challenge. PMID- 7272526 TI - [Medical and public health research at the European level]. PMID- 7272527 TI - Medical education in Britain. PMID- 7272528 TI - [The role of Academies of Medicine in the regulation of drug use]. PMID- 7272529 TI - Present state ad perspectives of biomedical research in Germany. PMID- 7272530 TI - Present status and future of biomedical research in Spain. PMID- 7272531 TI - Biomedical research in the Netherlands. PMID- 7272532 TI - [The dignity of the patient in relation to the progress of medicine]. PMID- 7272533 TI - [Psychosocial health hazards in the European region - problems, research approaches and some results]. PMID- 7272534 TI - The case for a national policy to reduce perinatal mortality. PMID- 7272535 TI - [Antimalarials, prostaglandins and inflammation]. PMID- 7272536 TI - Obesity: is obesity metabolic? PMID- 7272537 TI - Obesity: indications for surgery. PMID- 7272538 TI - Obesity: psychological aspects and management. AB - The failure of psychological treatments to produce consistent long-term weight loss in obese subjects has led directly to a re-examination of the nature of their eating behaviour and, as stated above, to the development of new theoretical models of obesity. While behavioural therapy techniques have succeeded in producing weight losses in the region of 5 kg on average, and in the short term may be more cost-effective than drug therapy when the patients are seen in groups and by paraprofessionals, many of these subjects regain the weight lost. The majority of treatment methods involve a reduction in food intake most commonly by self-control procedures. Since recent evidence implies that the use of these techniques may derive from false assumptions, a return to individually designed treatments is perhaps the optimum strategy to maximize long-term weight loss (Wooley et al, 1979). It may be necessary to focus on relevant areas involving the wider application of behavioural therapy methods such as anxiety management training including cue exposure and response prevention. As is most commonly suggested, a change of responses leading inevitably to overeating can be identified. The development of innovative treatment methods for obesity will require an increased understanding by therapists of the role of physiological factors in weight during and following weight loss towards a greater understanding of the factors that for him are likely to be associated with weight gain. Self-reinforcement for maintaining weight and the role of the family in promoting, facilitating, and maintaining weight loss may also be useful. However, the acknowledgement of the role of cognitive factors may eventually lead towards the development of more sophisticated treatment methodologies encompassing physiological aspects of obesity and based on social psychological theories of attitude change. PMID- 7272540 TI - Treatment of hallux valgus and bunions. PMID- 7272539 TI - Vaccination today. PMID- 7272541 TI - How to do a cisternal puncture. PMID- 7272543 TI - Psychotherapy. PMID- 7272542 TI - How to remove a foreign body from the trachea and bronchial tree. PMID- 7272544 TI - Tremor. PMID- 7272545 TI - The sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Recent research has defined a group of infants with certain characteristics who may be prone to sudden unexpected death, but no single criterion has yet been found that can be used to identify the victim before or after death. Although the aetiology of SIDS remains a mystery, it seems likely that certain stresses such as infection, overheating, and environmental or nutritional deprivation in a vulnerable group of infants may combine at a critical period of development to cause death by respiratory arrest. Some of these deaths may be prevented by raising the general standard of care for the whole infant population, improving health education, and increasing the surveillance of high risk groups. There remains a hard core of infants for whom the stresses appear minimal and the environment optimal but in the present state of our knowledge their death seems unavoidable. PMID- 7272546 TI - Pyogenic liver abscess. PMID- 7272547 TI - Is it safe? PMID- 7272548 TI - Medicine and the media: take care. PMID- 7272549 TI - Practical procedures: how to catheterize the bladder. PMID- 7272550 TI - The active management of labour. PMID- 7272551 TI - Major common problems: genital prolapse. AB - Genital prolapse commonly results from fascial tears or muscle laxity in the pelvic floor associated with childbirth. Increasing age and raised intra abdominal pressures often provide the additional stresses that culminate in symptomatic descent of the vaginal walls and uterus. Careful preoperative assessment of both the whole patient and the local condition is essential in the preparation for appropriate treatment. Physiotherapy plays a major role in prevention and cure when muscle laxity is the predominant causative factor. Surgical repair, despite a high recurrence rate and various complications, has become the most fashionable form of definitive treatment in all but the most trivial of cases. PMID- 7272552 TI - Management of the acutely disturbed patient on the general ward. PMID- 7272553 TI - Sexual deviations. PMID- 7272554 TI - Your accounts: private practice-4. PMID- 7272556 TI - Diathermy and cautery equipment. PMID- 7272555 TI - Anaesthetic equipment for neonates and infants. PMID- 7272557 TI - Folklore surrounding facial deformity and the origins of facial prejudice. PMID- 7272558 TI - Sliding osteotomy of the nasal skeleton: a possible method of altering the length of the external nose. PMID- 7272559 TI - Recent progress in the treatment of portwine staining by argon laser: some observations on the prognostic value of relative spectro-reflectance (RSR) and the histological classification of the lesions. AB - Over a period of more than three years 1264 patients with a portwine stain have been treated by argon laser. This form of therapy is more effective and worthwhile than the other procedures we have used in the past. The histological classification of the various types of portwine stain and the measurements of Spectro-reflectance (RSR) obtained by the spectrophotometric colour difference meter (Murakami) provide valuable and reliable prognostic criteria for this form of treatment. PMID- 7272561 TI - A portable, economical ultraviolet lamp. PMID- 7272560 TI - The definition of vascular skin territories with prostaglandin E1--the anterior chest, abdomen and thigh-inguinal region. AB - The vascular skin territories over the anterior chest, the abdomen and thigh inguinal region in man have been defined in vivo using selective angiography and the intra-arterial injection of Prostaglandin E1. With this method it was clear that the vascular skin territories represented the area of axial patterns. The technique had significant advantages over other conventional methods of definition of skin vascular territories. The survival area of axial pattern flaps was often far greater than the precise vascular skin territory of its axial vessels and the extent of this phenomenon appeared to depend mainly on the vascular pattern of the adjoining territories. PMID- 7272562 TI - Composite cone breast reconstruction: two-stage repair after mastectomy. PMID- 7272563 TI - Primary closure of excisional defects of the breast with local flaps: a problem in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the breast in developing countries. AB - Large, advanced, fungating breast tumours are a special problem in developing countries. The surgical treatment is often confined to rescue and relief and primary closure of the excisional defect is highly desirable. Split-skin grafts are often unsatisfactory for many reasons. Full thickness local flaps, cut as thickly as possible, give the best results and the "sheet anchor" in skin cover is the medially based deltopectoral flap. Myocutaneous flaps can be useful in treating low inner quadrant growths and lesions which leave no room for a deltopectoral flap. PMID- 7272564 TI - The pre-tragal flap. PMID- 7272565 TI - Tumours metastatic to the parotid gland. PMID- 7272566 TI - A second crop of rib grafts: an error in technique. PMID- 7272567 TI - Primary cutaneous leiomyosarcoma of the scalp in a child with lymph node metastases. PMID- 7272568 TI - Pierre Robin syndrome associated with hypoplastic femora--another case report. PMID- 7272569 TI - Random-pattern de-epithelialised "turn-over" flaps to replace skin loss in the upper third of the leg. PMID- 7272570 TI - The instep island flap to resurface plantar defects. PMID- 7272571 TI - La maladie de Grisel: a rare occurrence of "spontaneous" atlanto-axial subluxation after pharyngoplasty. AB - A review of the literature, with a short discussion of the possible aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of "la maladie de Grisel" is presented with a case report of atlanto-axial subluxation occurring in a child after pharyngoplasty. The occurrence of a "spontaneous" subluxation after pharyngoplasty has not been previously reported. The possible scale of neurological complications which may range from relatively minor nerve root compression to a potentially lethal major cord compression emphasises the importance of this condition especially as a minor trauma may precipitate a major disaster. We would like to draw attention to this unusual complication because some neck pain and stiffness are quite usual after pharyngoplasty and we would stress that persisting symptoms associated with a torticollis after any operation in the oral cavity or pharynx should alert the surgeon to this diagnosis. The establishment of early treatment may avert a neurological calamity. PMID- 7272572 TI - Extended rotation-transposition of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in the repair of lesions over the shoulder. AB - An extensive area of radionecrosis over the shoulder was treated by side excision and closed with a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. To reach the surgical defect the vascular pedicle of the flap had to be rotated 180 degrees. No complications were encountered. This result illustrates another application of the use of this flap. It may be prudent to leave a good deal of muscle around the vascular pedicle in those manoeuvres which require large angles of rotation. PMID- 7272573 TI - The use of lower trapezius myocutaneous island flaps in head and neck reconstruction. PMID- 7272574 TI - Malignant melanoma: the adverse effect of pregnancy. PMID- 7272575 TI - Malignant melanoma in childhood. PMID- 7272576 TI - Oxygen levels in claudicating fingers: a 3 year follow-up after replantation. AB - After successful replantation of amputated digits some patients develop signs and symptoms of claudication. In these replanted claudicating digits the pO2 levels are 20% lower than those found in "control" fingers or in successfully replanted digits which do not demonstrate claudication. These symptoms could be explained theoretically by postulating (i) partial arterial thrombosis and/or (ii) an impaired sympathetic nervous system. Observations on our small series of 10 patients suggest that the first explanation is improbable. PMID- 7272577 TI - Four new hand splints. PMID- 7272578 TI - The simultaneous use of a groin flap and a tensor fasciae latae myocutaneous flap to provide tissue cover for a completely degloved hand. PMID- 7272579 TI - A new type of prosthesis for augmentation rhinoplasty: our experience in 1600 cases. AB - Study of the elasticity of the skin of the nose, the direction of muscle movement and the mobility of the nasal cartilages shows clearly that the human nose is not simply a lump of flesh consisting of bone, cartilage, muscle and skin, but a subtle aesthetic combination of anatomical form and physiological function. A new basal prosthesis has been introduced which avoids the drawbacks of a rigid prosthesis of uniform hardness. By incorporating silicones of varying hardness and using a new design we have a choice of three different prostheses which can fulfill many of the desired aesthetic and functional requirements of reconstructive rhinoplasty. This new type of prosthesis has now been used in 1600 cases with satisfying results. PMID- 7272580 TI - The use of a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in the repair of spinal defects in spina bifida. PMID- 7272581 TI - Free microvascular and microneural transfer of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle for the treatment of unilateral facial palsy. AB - The operation of transfer of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle to the face in the treatment of unilateral facial palsy (Thompson and Gustavson, 1976) has been further modified by immediate anastomosis of its vascular pedicle to the superficial temporal vessels. Six of our ten patients showed some new movement but in only three did this approach symmetry with the other side. Long term follow-up showed that improvement can be expected for up to two years after transfer. Our technique is assessed critically and suggestions are made for further improvement. PMID- 7272582 TI - Comparative studies on the effects of tolmesoxide (Rx71107), a tolmesoxide metabolite (Rx71112) and nifedipine in isolated blood vessels. AB - 1 The effect was studied of tolmesoxide (Rx71107), a tolmesoxide metabolite (Rx71112) and nifedipine on active tension in human isolated crural veins and in rat thoracic aorta. The effects of tolmesoxide and nifedipine on (22)Na and (45)Ca net influx in noradrenaline-induced contractions were investigated in rat thoracic aorta.2 Tolmesoxide, Rx71112 and nifedipine caused a concentration related inhibition of noradrenaline (NA)- and potassium (K(+))-induced contractions in human veins. Nifedipine was by far the most potent drug in these respects. Tolmesoxide (4.7 muM-4700 muM) and Rx71112 (22 muM-220 muM) inhibited the NA-induced contraction more effectively than the K(+)-induced concentration. The reverse was true for nifedipine (0.0023-3 muM).3 Nifedipine had a similar potency in inhibiting the NA-induced contraction in rat aorta and human veins, whereas the inhibitory effect of tolmesoxide was more pronounced in rat aorta than in human veins.4 Tolmesoxide was a weak antagonist of the contractile effects of the cumulative addition of calcium on human veins. In concentrations up to 470 muM, tolmesoxide was completely devoid of inhibitory effects on (22)Na and (45)Ca net influx in rat aorta. Rx71112 (220 muM) had an inhibitory effect on (22)Na net influx but no significant effect on (45)Ca net influx.5 Nifedipine was an effective antagonist of the contractile effects of cumulative addition of calcium in human veins and had a concentration-related inhibitory effect on both (22)Na and (45)Ca uptake in rat aorta.6 The results indicate that tolmesoxide and Rx71112 cause dilatation of human crural veins in vitro at concentrations that do not interfere with the net transmembranal movements of Ca and are thus clearly different from the effects of nifedipine. PMID- 7272584 TI - Interactions between hydralazine, propildazine and purines on arterial smooth muscle. AB - 1 The interaction of hydralazine (Hyd) and propildazine (Pyd) with purine compounds was studied in the isolated tail artery from normotensive Wistar (NW) rats.2 Exogenously added purines inhibit non competitively the antispasmogenic response to Hyd in denervated NW segments. The order of potency is 2-Cl-adenosine > adenosine > adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) > inosine. Pyd action is modified only by the most active purine 2-Cl-adenosine, which displaces the dose-response curves to the right. Hyd and Pyd seem to act on the same site, since their maximal effects are not additive.3 Theophylline (Theo) 50 muM induces the appearance of the antispasmogenic effect of Hyd in the usually poorly responsive innervated proximal NW arterial segments. The potentiating action of Theo is identical to the enhancement of the Hyd response observed after 6-hydroxydopamine denervation. This result suggests that the release of endogenous purines from sympathetic nerves is sufficient to block the smooth muscle responses to Hyd, under our experimental conditions. A similar potentiating effect is obtained with propranolol (5 muM).4 The spontaneous release of (3)H, after loading with [(3)H] noradrenaline, was considered as an indirect indication of purine leakage from nerve terminals. There is an inverse relationship between the rate of (3)H release, under these conditions, and the magnitude of the relaxant response to Hyd, i.e., (3)H leakage is higher in proximal NW segments.5 The most satisfactory explanation for the interaction of Hyd and Pyd with exogenous purines, and for the modulating actions of sympathetic nerve terminals, is that both antihypertensives act on a common receptor, sensitive to endogenous ATP and adenosine. PMID- 7272583 TI - Antagonism of opiate mydriasis in mice. AB - 1 Morphine-induced mydriasis in mice is antagonized by nalorphine, levallorphan and naloxone in a dose-dependent manner. 2 The relative potency of the three agents is 10:56: 134 respectively, thus being in accordance with other tests of narcotic antagonism. Naloxone has the shortest duration of action. 3 When injected into naive animals, nalorphine (but not levallorphan or naloxone) produces a slight mydriasis. 4 Measurement of the diameter of the pupil in mice seems to be a precise, simple and rapid test for studying narcotic antagonist as well as agonist action and has several advantages over standard methods used for this purpose. PMID- 7272585 TI - Differential effects of prostaglandins on canine intrapulmonary arteries and veins. AB - 1 The sensitivity and contractility of isolated canine intrapulmonary arteries and veins to a variety of primary prostaglandin compounds was studied.2 Intrapulmonary arteries produced no measurable contractile responses to prostaglandin A(1) (PGA(1)), PGA(2), PGB(1), PGD(2), PGE(1), PGE(2) or to PGF(1alpha). However, high concentrations of both PGB(2) (> 10(-7) M) and PGF(2alpha) (> 10(-6) M) elicited concentrated-related, but weak, contractile responses, measuring only 5-25% of KCl-induced maximum contractions.3 Intrapulmonary arteries, partially contracted by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), exhibited concentration-related relaxations in response to PGE(1); PGE(2), PGA(1) or PGA(2) produced only weak superimposed contractions.4 In contrast to intrapulmonary arteries, intrapulmonary veins contracted in a concentration related fashion to all prostaglandins tested, where the contractile sensitivity was (based on EC(50) s and threshold concentrations): PGB(2) > PGB(1) > PGD(2) > PGF(2alpha) > PGA(2) >> PGA(1) > PGF(1alpha) > PGE(2) > PGE(1).5 In terms of the ability to generate maximum contractile responses on intrapulmonary veins, the prostaglandins were also variable, with PGA(2) and PGB(2) being the most potent and PGD(2) the least potent.6 Intrapulmonary veins, partially contracted by 5-HT, exhibited concentration-related relaxations to PGE(1) at low concentrations, followed by secondary contractile responses at higher concentrations.7 Neither PGA(1) nor PGA(2) (3.4 x 10(-8) to 3.4 x 10(-5) M) inhibited or potentiated 5-HT responses of intrapulmonary arteries.8 These data suggest that there are species, regional and major qualitative and quantitative, differences in the responsiveness of intrapulmonary arteries and veins to prostaglandin. PMID- 7272586 TI - Atropine and micturition responses by rats with intact and partially innervated bladder. AB - 1 Micturition responses by a group of 17 rats wee recorded during a water diuresis. During a 2 h period, uniform volumes of urine were passes at regular intervals; the mean of the voiding responses by each animal was consistent from one water loading period to another. Residual urine volumes were physiologically insignificant. 2 Atropine treatment did not compromise seriously micturition by water-loaded rats. Treated animals micturated more frequently; the mean volume was 68% of control. The residual urine volume was equal to that of controls. 3 Several week after the surgical removal of half the motor innervation of the bladder, there was no significant effect on micturition. Mean voiding volumes were not different from those of controls; residual urine volumes were the same as before denervation. 4 After half the innervation of the bladder had been destroyed. The effect of atropine on micturition was enhanced. Volumes passes were 50% of control; large residual volumes remained when micturition was over. Only in this group could bladder distension be found. 5 It is concluded that functional responses of the rat urinary bladder are not only resistant to atropine but also to the sizeable reduction in the number of neuroeffector units in the bladder itself. The functional reserve of the rat bladder musculature is remarkably high when assessed by its ability to empty adequately. PMID- 7272587 TI - Cocaine cue in pigeons: time course studies and generalization to structurally related compounds (norcocaine, WIN 35,428 and 35,065-2) and (+)-amphetamine. AB - 1 Pigeons trained to discriminate between the presence or absence of effects induced by cocaine hydrochloride (5.6 mg/kg) were tested for generalization with norcocaine and two phenyltropane analogues (WIN 35,428 and WIN 35,065-2). Separate dose-effect curves were obtained at different intervals after the injections so that possible changes both in potency and duration of action could be evaluated.2 Results showed that all of these drugs fully generalized to cocaine. The order of potency was WIN 35,428 > norcocaine > WIN 35,065-2 > cocaine when tested either at 15 or 60 min after injection. The cocaine-like effects were strongest for all drugs when tested 15 min after injection as compared to the tests at the 60 min interval. The decay of the cocaine-like stimulus effects occurred at about the same rate.3 Apomorphine (0.3, 0.56 and 1 mg/kg), morphine (3 and 5.6 mg/kg), Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (0.3 and 0.56 mg/kg), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25, 0.056 and 0.1 mg/kg) did not induce more than 30% cocaine appropriate responses. (+)-Amphetamine produced 73% and 85% cocaine appropriate responses depending on the injection-test interval used, 15 and 30 min respectively.4 The amphetamine homologue, para hydroxyamphetamine (3.8 mg/kg) did not generalize to cocaine. Tests with 30 mg/kg of procaine produced 40% cocaine appropriate responses. Cocaine is effective also when administered by gavage into the opening of the proventriculus.5 The use of the drug discrimination technique for studying structure activity relationships of drugs is discussed. PMID- 7272588 TI - Reactivity of isolated trachea, bronchus and lung strip of cats of carbachol, 5 hydroxytryptamine and histamine: evidence for the existence of methysergide sensitive receptors. AB - 1 The reactivity was investigated of cat isolated tracheal chains, bronchial spirals and lung parenchymal strips to carbachol, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and histamine. 2 Carbachol and 5-HT produced concentration-dependent contractions of all three tissues, responses to the former drug being selectively blocked by atropine and to the latter by methysergide. 3 Histamine failed to elicit a contractile response from the tracheal or bronchial muscle. However, it induced dose-related concentrations of the lung strips, that were selectively blocked by mepyramine. 4 It is concluded that lung parenchymal strips of cats possess mepyramine-sensitive histamine H1-receptors. Receptors for 5-HT, susceptible to methysergide, occur in the tracheobronchial smooth muscles as well as in lung strips of cats. PMID- 7272589 TI - Isoprenaline- and noradrenaline-induced hyperpolarization of guinea-pig liver cells. AB - 1 Effects of pretreatment with isoprenaline (Isop) or noradrenaline (NA) and various ionic environments on the NA-induced or Isop-induced hyperpolarization of guinea-pig liver cells were investigated by means of a microelectrode technique.2 NA (5.9 x 10(-6) M) decreased the membrane resistance, and hyperpolarized the membrane with or without generation of an initial transient small depolarization. The NA-induced initial depolarization was not dependent on the membrane potential and was increased by Isop (4.0 x 10(-6) M) or glucagon (10(-7) M).3 In Ca-free solution, the NA-induced hyperpolarization became transient and a continuous depolarization followed in the presence of NA. Repetitive application of NA resulted in a complete disappearance of the NA-induced hyperpolarization and was replaced by a slowly developing depolarization with or without generation of the initial transient depolarization. In excess [Ca](o), the NA or Isop-induced hyperpolarization was increased.4 Both Isop and glucagon hyperpolarized the membrane and decreased the membrane resistance, to various degrees. Repetitive application of Isop or glucagon resulted in the disappearance of both Isop and glucagon-induced hyperpolarizations. Pretreatment with NA not only resulted in a recovery of both Isop and glucagon-induced hyperpolarizations, but also extensively enhanced the hyperpolarization.5 After pretreatment with Isop, the NA induced hyperpolarization was decreased in amplitude and duration and was followed by a slowly developing depolarization. After repetitive application of Isop, NA produced only depolarization of the membrane, and in these conditions, Isop, glucagon or ATP also depolarized the membrane. These depolarizations were reversed to hyperpolarizations by pretreatment with excess [Ca](o).6 After treatment with Na-deficient solution, NA depolarized the membrane and decreased the membrane resistance. Excess [Ca](o) restored the NA-induced membrane response from one of depolarization to one of hyperpolarization.7 In the presence of tetraethylammonium 10mM, the NA-induced hyperpolarization became transient or ceased and depolarization occurred with a reduction in the membrane resistance.8 It is postulated that both NA and Isop increase the free [Ca](i) by releasing bound Ca from storage sites and consequently an increase in K conductance follows. NA but not Isop promotes Ca-influx which replenishes the storage site. In Ca-depleted conditions, NA does not elevate the free [Ca](i) to a threshold concentration required for hyperpolarization, probably because NA induces a small release of Ca from storage sites. PMID- 7272590 TI - Morphine-theophylline interaction: antagonism or facilitation? AB - 1 Morphine-theophylline interactions were investigated in both acute and narcotic dependent preparations, in vitro and in vivo, using four different experimental models: LD50 doses of morphine and naloxone in the mouse; naloxone-induced contractions in the electrically-stimulated and opiate-dependent isolated ileum of the guinea-pig; naloxone-induced jumps in the mouse; an calcium uptake in synaptosomal preparations. 2 The LD50 of morphine was significantly increased by theophylline. 3 The lethal effect of theophylline was potentiated by pretreatment of the animals with naloxone. 4 Theophylline displayed protective effects in the inhibitory response to morphine and antagonism to the withdrawal response induced by naloxone in the electrically-stimulated isolated ileum of the guinea-pig. 5 The number of jumps induced by naloxone in morphine-dependent mice was significantly diminished by theophylline. 6 The inhibitory effect of morphine on the synaptosomal uptake of calcium was decreased by theophylline. 7 The effects of both morphine and theophylline on the cyclic nucleotides and the possible role of calcium in these actions are discussed. PMID- 7272591 TI - Effect of fatty acids on the ventricular arrhythmia threshold in the isolated heart of the rabbit. AB - 1 The ventricular arrhythmia threshold (VAT) was measured in the isolated Ringer perfused rabbit heart (Langendorff preparation) by applying a single 10 ms square wave pulse of current to the left ventricle during the vulnerable period of the late systole under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. 2 The sodium salt of the fatty acid was bound to albumen and incorporated in the Krebs-Henseleit solution which was maintained at 37 degrees C and gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 (normoxia) or 5% CO2 in air (hypoxia). 3 Saturated fatty acids failed to alter the VAT under normoxia. 4 Naturally occurring long-chained saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids with chain lengths varying from 14 to 20 carbons, but not the 12 carbon lauric acid, potentiated the effect of the hypoxia in lowering the VAT. 5 Short chained 8 and 10 carbon saturated and long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids antagonized the effect of hypoxia on the VAT. 6 In addition the polyunsaturated acids antagonized the potentiating effect of the long-chained saturated and mono unsaturated acids on the hypoxia in lowering the VAT. 7 The fatty acids did not alter the duration or type of the induced arrhythmia. PMID- 7272592 TI - Development of a severe model of early coronary artery ligation-induced dysrhythmias in the anaesthetized rat. AB - 1. The potential use of catecholamines to increase the severity of dysrhythmias evoked by coronary artery ligation in the anaesthetized rat was investigated. Drugs were given intravenously prior to ligation. 2 Pressor doses of adrenaline (5 microgram/kg) noradrenaline (1 microgram/kg) phenylephrine (5-10 microgram/kg), and angiotensin (0.25 microgram/kg) conferred protection against the development of dysrhythmias. 3 Atropine (1 mg/kg) increased mortality from ventricular fibrilloflutter (VF) and abolished the protective effects of phenylephrine (10 micrograms/kg). 4 Administration of isoprenaline (10 microgram/kg) significantly increased the incidence of and the mortality from VF. 5 The order of antidysrhythmic drug potency of Org 6001 (1-10 mg/kg), disopyramide (2-10 mg/kg) and practolol (2-10 mg/kg) was similar in both the standard (without isoprenaline) and modified (with isoprenaline) models. 6 Use of the modified method for antidysrhythmic screening purpose allows demonstration of statistically meaningful results with the use of relatively few animals. 7 Comparison of the pattern of VF in the rat heart induced by various means suggests that the diagnosis of ventricular fibrillation can be made with more confidence in the modified method compared to the standard method. PMID- 7272593 TI - Bradykinin-induced relaxation of renal and pulmonary arteries is dependent upon intact endothelial cells. AB - When most arteries are removed from mammals and man, the in vitro response to kinins, particularly of helically-cut vascular strips, is usually one of contraction; and often no response is observed. This is in sharp contrast to the in situ arterial vasodilator action of kinins. The reason(s) for this transformation is not known. The present in vitro experiments demonstrate that bradykinin can produce potent relaxation of canine isolated intrapulmonary arteries (threshold concentration = 7.5 +/- 2.7 x 10(-10) M) and renal arteries (threshold concentration = 3.2 +/- 1.6 x 10(-10) M) contracted by phenylephrine, provided the endothelium is left intact. Selective, mechanical destruction of the endothelium transforms the vasodilator activity of bradykinin to either contraction or to no response at all. Our results probably explain why previous investigators have found that bradykinin usually induced contraction, rather than relaxation, of excised peripheral arteries. PMID- 7272594 TI - Potentiation by naloxone of pressor reflexes. AB - 1 The effect of intravenous naloxone, and opiate antagonist, was studied on the pressor responses elicited by stimulation of afferent nerves (vagus and laryngeal superior nerves) in anaesthetized dogs. 2 Although naloxone (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) alone failed to modify basic blood pressure, the pressor responses induced by stimulation of either the vagus or laryngeal nerve were potentiated by naloxone. 3 Morphine (0.2 mg/kg i.v.) suppressed these two cardiovascular responses. These depressor effects of morphine were reversed by subsequent injection of naloxone (0.1 mg/kg i.v.). 4 The results suggest the involvement of endogenous opiate peptides in pressor reflexes elicited by stimulation of the afferent nerves. PMID- 7272595 TI - Suppression by orally-administered nifedipine, nisoldipine and niludipine of early, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias resulting from acute myocardial ischaemia. AB - The oral administration to rats of the calcium antagonists nifedipine, nisoldipine and niludipine (3 mg/kg, 1-1.25 h before acute coronary ligation) greatly reduced the duration of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation (VF) occurring in the first 30 min post-ligation period. The duration of VF was especially reduced (by 74-92%). None of the animals so treated died compared with a 40% mortality in the controls. PMID- 7272596 TI - Effects of amiloride on contractions and the release of tritium from rat vas deferens preloaded with [3H]-noradrenaline. AB - 1 The effect of amiloride was studied on contractions and tritium release from rat vas deferens preloaded with [3H]-noradrenaline. 2 Amiloride had no effect on the resting tension and maximal contractile force of the vas deferens and did not alter the ED50 of noradrenaline. 3 Amiloride (10(-4)-10(-3)M) decreased the response of vas deferens to electrical stimulation dose-dependently without inhibiting the response to KCI (60mM). 4 The effect of amiloride was not prevented by preincubation of the tissue with phentolamine, propranolol, atropine or indomethacin. 5 Amiloride did not alter the spontaneous outflow of radioactivity from [3H]-noradrenaline labelled vasa deferentia. 6 Amiloride decreased the release of tritium induced by electrical stimulation or nicotine but did not inhibit the release of radioactivity induced by KCI or tyramine. 7 It is concluded that amiloride may inhibit the contractions of rat vas deferens by inhibiting the release of noradrenaline. PMID- 7272597 TI - Effect of adenosine on carotid chemoreceptor activity in the cat. AB - 1 The effects of intracarotid (i.c.) injections or infusions of adenosine on chemoreceptor activity recorded from the peripheral end of a sectioned carotid sinus nerve have been studied in cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. 2 Adenosine injections (0.1-100 micrograms) caused a rapid and marked increase of spontaneous chemoreceptor discharge, the intensity, duration and onset of which was dose-dependent. Infusion of adenosine, 50 microgram/min, also evoked an increase in discharge which persisted for the duration of the infusion. 3 Both theophylline (1 mg i.c.) and aminophylline (1 mg i.c.) caused short-lasting decreases in spontaneous discharge but did not prevent the excitatory effect of adenosine. Theophylline increased the excitatory action of adenosine. 4 Naloxone (400 micrograms i.c.) antagonized the depressant effect of morphine on chemoreceptor discharge but not the excitatory action of adenosine. 5 It is concluded that exogenous adenosine can excite the cat carotid chemoreceptors, an effect which is not prevented by theophylline in the doses studied. The physiological significance of the findings is discussed. PMID- 7272598 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by histamine and related compounds not mediated via H1- or H2- receptors. AB - 1 The effects of histamine and chemical analogues were examined on mitogen stimulated human lymphocyte proliferation. 2 Compounds with selective agonist activity at either H1- or H2-receptors were found to inhibit proliferative responses, although N-3-methyl-histamine which does not act on either receptor was as inhibitory as histamine itself. 3 The H2-receptor agonist, dimaprit, had a profound inhibitory effect on proliferation, however nordimaprit, which has little or no H2-agonist activitiy, was more active on lymphocytes. Impromidine, although a potent H2-agonist, failed to produce such inhibition. 4 The effects of dimaprit and nordimaprit were not reversed by H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine or metiamide. 5 These results do not support the view that the antiproliferative effects of histamine and related compounds are mediated via conventional H1-or H2 receptors. 6 SKF 93390 was found to be the most active of the dimaprit analogues tested, which could represent a novel series of potential immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 7272599 TI - The effects of morphine and methionine-enkephalin on the release of purines from cerebral cortex slices of rats and mice. AB - 1 Slices of cerebral cortex from Wistar rats, TO mice or C57 mice were preincubated with [3H]-adenosine, and labelled purines were subsequently releases by electrical stimulation or by perfusing with ouabain, 100 micro M. 2 Electrically-evoked purine release was substantially reduced when the Ca2+ concentration in the medium was lowered from 2.4 to 0.1 mM. In both rats and mice, the electrically-evoked release was increased by morphine and methionine enkephalin (Met-enkephalin), 10 micro M, and in rats and TO mice by morphine 1 micro M, both drug effects being prevented by naloxone. 3 Purine release evoked by ouabain was also increased by morphine 1 and 10 micro M, though not by Met enkephalin, from slices of rat cortex. Ouabain-induced release from TO mice was reduced by morphine, and from C57 mice was unchanged. 4 The enhancement by morphine of electrically-evoked purine release may indicate that purines mediate some effects of morphine in the CNS. PMID- 7272600 TI - Excitatory effect of a new polypeptide (anthopleurin-B) from sea anemone on the guinea-pig vas deferens. AB - 1 Anthopleurin-B (AP-B, greater than 3 x 10(-9) M), a newly isolated polypeptide from sea anemone (Anthopleura xanthogrammica), caused powerful rhythmic contractions in the guinea-pig isolated vas deferens. The other polypeptides anthopleurin-A from A. xanthogrammica and anthopleurin-C from A. elegantissima, elicited similar effects but in higher concentrations ( less than 5 x 10(-8) M). Toxin II (10(-6) M) isolated from the sea anemone, Anemonia sulcata, had no effect. 2 The rhythmic contractions induced by AP-B were inhibited by phentolamine, bretylium, guanethidine, reserpine, 6-hydroxydopamine, tetrodotoxin (TTX) and verapamil. Mecamylamine, atropine, methysergide, chlorpheniramine, and indomethacin had no effect. 3 AP-B (10(-8) M approximately 10(-5) M) caused a dose-dependent increase in the amount of endogenous noradrenaline (NA) released from the vas deferens. AP-B (10-5M) increased the amount of NA released to approximately 310 times (12 micrograms/g tissue) that of untreated tissues. 4 The AP-B-induced release of NA was inhibited or abolished by TTX, verapamil, or incubation in Ca-free medium. 5 These results suggest that the AP-B-induced rhythmic contraction of the vas deferens is mediated through the release of NA from adrenergic nerve endings; AP-B is one of the most potent substances in stimulating NA release from the vas deferens. PMID- 7272601 TI - Electromechanical effects of anthopleurin-A (AP-A) on rabbit ventricular muscle: influence of driving frequency, calcium antagonists, tetrodotoxin, lidocaine and ryanodine. AB - 1 Anthopleurin-A (AP-A 5 x 10(-9) M, 1 x 10(-8) M) caused a prolongation of action potential duration (APD) and an increase of contractile force in rabbit isolated ventricular muscle preparations.2 The prolongation of APD and the positive inotropic effect of AP-A (1 x 10(-8) M) were augmented by lowering the driving frequency from 2.0 to 0.2 Hz, resulting in an apparent negative staircase of contractile force in this frequency range. When the preparation was driven at an extremely low frequency (0.017 Hz), AP-A did not increase the contractile force, but caused a considerable prolongation of APD.3 Verapamil (1 x 10(-6) M) and nifedipine (1 x 10(-6) M) had no apparent influence on the APD prolongation by AP-A (5 x 10(-9) M, 1 x 10(-8) M). The positive inotropic effect of AP-A was also relatively well maintained even in the presence of these calcium antagonistic drugs when the preparation was driven at a lower frequency (0.2 Hz).4 Tetrodotoxin (TTX 2 x 10(-6) M) and lidocaine (1 x 10(-4) M) markedly inhibited both the APD prolongation and the positive inotropic effect of AP-A (1 x 10(-8) M).5 In the presence of ryanodine (2 x 10(-6) M), an agent which is known to interfere with calcium release from the intracellular activator pool, AP A (1 x 10(-8) M) failed to cause its positive inotropic effect in spite of the marked prolongation of APD.6 These results suggest that the effects of AP-A on cardiac muscle are primarily mediated by the fast sodium inward current. Thus, delayed inactivation of sodium inward current may cause APD prolongation, and probably induces an alteration of intracellular calcium kinetics reflected by an increase of contractile force. PMID- 7272602 TI - Drug-receptor recognition: electrostatic field lines at the receptor and dielectric effects. AB - 1. In this paper the directional component of the vector electrostatic field emanating from a drug receptor is analysed in the three orthogonal planes. 2. B DNA with an alternating guanine-cytosine sequence was chosen for a receptor model and the lines of force constructed for two dielectric conditions, namely the cases where firstly the dielectric is homogeneous and a constant throughout the space surrounding the receptor, and secondly where the dielectric is inhomogeneous and is treated as a vector quantity. 3. Electric field line maps indicate marked differences in the local fields situated in the helical wide and narrow grooves for the different sequences of cytosine and guanine; these variations are enhanced when the dielectric is handled as a vector. 4. The significance of electric field lines in interpreting receptor-induced ligand orientation effects is discussed since the direction of the lines is related to the torque that a receptor would impose on an attacking drug molecule. PMID- 7272603 TI - Drug-receptor recognition: molecular orientation and dielectric effects. AB - 1 The orientation of ethidium and its carboxyphenyl derivative was computed at various positions around one turn of the B-DNA helical receptor. 2 Dielectric effects of solvent were included using values for the bulk constant and a dielectric vector to simulate dielectric inhomogeneities. 3 From the electrostatic energy values for the orientations, the corresponding Boltzmann distributions were obtained to assess the orientation restriction to the drug imposed by the receptor. 4 A correlation was observed between the direction of the drug molecular dipole and the local line of force generated by the receptor vector field. 5 These findings are discussed with respect to the phenomenon of drug-receptor recognition. PMID- 7272604 TI - Influence of tracheal contraction on relaxant effects in vitro of theophylline and isoprenaline. AB - 1 Relaxation by (-)-isoprenaline (Iso) and theophylline (Theo) was measured in guinea-pig isolated trachea, in the presence or absence of carbachol. 2 With basal tone or with carbachol at a concentration of 5.4 x 10(-7) M, causing 70% maximal contraction, Iso and Theo relaxed the trachea to the same extent. 3 With carbachol concentrations of 5.4 x 10(-6) M and 5.4 x 10(-5) M (96% and 100% maximal contractions) Iso caused no more than 63% and 34%, respectively, of the maximum relaxation to Theo. 4 When calculated at 25% of the maximum Theo relaxation, the Iso/Theo potency ratio was gradually reduced from 14,160 when evaluated at basal tone to 1,560 at the highest carbachol concentration. 5 In combination, at their maximally effective concentrations, Theo and Iso produced no larger a relaxation than did Theo alone. 6 At the two highest concentrations of carbachol, concentration-response curves to Theo were virtually superimposable whether determined in the absence or the presence of Iso at its maximally effective concentration. 7 It is concluded that Theo causes a greater relaxation of highly contracted tracheal muscle than Iso. PMID- 7272605 TI - Actions of verapamil, diltiazem and other divalent cations on the calcium-current of Helix neurones. AB - 1 Effects of organic Ca(2+)-antagonists, verapamil and diltiazem, and cations, Ni(2+), Mn(2+), Co(2+) and La(3+) on Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) separated from other ionic currents in a Helix neurone were studied. A suction pipette technique which allows internal perfusion of the cell body and voltage clamp was used.2 Verapamil and diltiazem (10(-6)-10(-4) M) increased the threshold, and decreased both the amplitude and rate of rise of the soma Ca(2+)-spike. Both agents inhibited I(Ca) over the entire range of the current-voltage (I-V) relationship dose-dependently, without shifting the threshold of the I-V relationship. Increases in external Ca(2+) overcame the inhibitory action of the agents.3 Divalent cations, Ni(2+), Mn(2+), Co(2+) and the trivalent cation, La(3+) inhibited I(Ca) dose-dependently, but induced shifts of the I-V relationship to more positive voltages. The order of potency of inhibition of I(Ca) among these cations was as follows; Ni(2+) > La(3+) > Mn(2+) > Co(2+).4 Double reciprocal plots for peak I(Ca) versus external Ca(2+) concentrations in the presence or absence of both organic and inorganic Ca(2+)-antagonists intersect at the ordinate. Results indicate that both organic and inorganic Ca(2+)-antagonists compete for Ca(2+) at the common binding site for Ca(2+).5 Internal application of the organic Ca(2+)-antagonists (10(-4) M) inhibited I(Ca) in a time-dependent manner to about 40-60% of the control. Ni(2+), when applied internally, also depressed I(Ca).6 The results provide evidence that organic Ca(2+)-antagonists occupy the binding site for Ca(2+) in a competitive manner at the surface of the soma membrane of the Helix neurone, while divalent and trivalent cations, in addition to inhibiting I(Ca) in a similar manner to the organic Ca(2+)-antagonists, change the surface charge of the soma membrane. PMID- 7272606 TI - The reliability and validity of two assessment scales in the elderly mentally handicapped. AB - The Clifton Assessment Schedule and the Shortened Stockton Rating Scale were administered to 38 elderly, mentally handicapped patients. Inter-rater reliability was high and the CAS was found to be a useful measure of cognitive ability. The tests measure different features of patients, but both correlated significantly with estimated levels of independence. PMID- 7272607 TI - Psychiatric morbidity in elderly surgical patients. AB - One hundred patients aged 65 and over were psychiatrically assessed before and in the first week after elective surgery. Thirteen were psychiatrically ill before operation and 21 developed post-operative illness. Post-operative confusional states (14 patients) were associated with physical complications but not with environmental or pre-operative psychiatric variables. Affective disorders either improved following successful surgery (5 patients) persisted or developed after operation in association with continuing physical illness (6 patients). PMID- 7272608 TI - Guided mourning for morbid grief: a controlled study. AB - During 2 weeks on a waiting list 12 patients with morbid grief did not improve significantly. They were then randomly allocated either to guided mourning treatment, in which they were encouraged to face cues concerning their bereavement, or to control treatment in which they were asked to avoid such cues. Each treatment comprised six 1 1/2 hour sessions over 2 weeks. At week 4 guided mourning patients had improved significantly more than had controls on 3 measures, with a supportive trend on 4 measures. Improvement, though modest, was maintained to 10-28 weeks follow-up. Control patients did not improve significantly or show any trend to do so. PMID- 7272609 TI - The Carroll rating scale for depression. I. Development, reliability and validation. AB - The Carroll rating scales (CRS) was developed as a self rating instrument for depression, closely matching the information content and specific items of the Hamilton rating scales (HRS). The CRS was found to have acceptable face validity and reliability. The concurrent validity of the CRS was acceptable, based on comparisons with the HRS and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The internal consistency of the CRS was very similar to that of the HRS. The CRS contained information about HRS scores beyond what could be predicted from BDI scores, but the BDI did not predict HRS scores beyond what could be predicted from CRS scores. The CRS and BDI scores were strongly correlated and both had access to a subjective dimension of depression that could not be predicted from HRS scores. The complementary uses of self ratings and observer ratings are evident from these results. The CRS may be a useful alternative to the BDI as a self rating scale, with the additional advantage of closer correspondence to the HRS. PMID- 7272610 TI - The Carroll rating scale for depression. II. Factor analyses of the feature profiles. AB - Factor analyses were conducted for the Hamilton depression rating scale (HRS) and the self administered Carroll counterpart (CRS). The factor loadings for the respective first factors were similar; those for the respective second factors showed strict sign consistency but only moderate consistency of magnitude; the loadings for the respective third factors showed no particular consistency. The first three CRS and first three HRS factor scores were computed for each individual and correlations were computed from these factor scores. The first and second factors were highly correlated but the third factors were negatively correlated indicating that they were not measuring the same thing. The first factors of the CRS and HRS correlated highly with their respective raw total scores and were indices of the severity of illness. The self-administered CRS (with matching weights) is a credible alternative to the HRS for routine clinical assessment of the severity of depression. PMID- 7272611 TI - The Carroll rating scale for depression. III. Comparison with other rating instruments. AB - Patients in an effective disorders out-patient clinic were studied with four depression rating scales: the Hamilton rating scale (HRS) the Carroll rating scale (CRS) a clinical global rating of depression (CGRD) and the visual analogue scale (VAS). The overall correlations between the self ratings (CRS, VAS) and the observer ratings (HRS, CGRD) were highly significant. Both the HRS and the CRS distinguished mild from moderate, and moderate from severe depression. CRS scores increased more rapidly than HRS scores with increasing severity of depression. The concordance of self ratings and observer ratings was highest for the two structured instruments (HRS and CRS), and was lowest for the two global scales (CGRD and VAS). The global scales have the advantages of speed and simplicity, but at the cost of some reliability. Patients with non-endogenous depression had significantly increased self rating scores in comparison to patients with unipolar or bipolar endogenous depression. The correlations between the self ratings and the observer ratings were notably lower in patients with non endogenous depression than in patients with endogenous depression. Euthymic bipolar patients rated themselves on the VAS as significantly less well than euthymic unipolar patients. The clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7272613 TI - A survey of prescribing psychotropic drugs in two psychiatric hospitals. AB - Of 511 patients in two psychiatric hospitals, one-fifth had no psychotropic drugs, but over one-third (nearly half of those receiving medication) had a combination of two or more psychotropic drugs. Hypnotics and minor tranquillizers were commonly prescribed together with neuroleptics and anti-depressants. One fifth of day-patients treated with depot neuroleptics also has oral neuroleptics. Anti-parkinsonian drugs were prescribed for half of those receiving neuroleptics. Both minor tranquillizers and neuroleptics were commonly administered three or more times a day. Forty per cent of patients treated with neuroleptics had diagnoses other than schizophrenia, and one-third of those receiving antidepressants had diagnoses other than affective disorder. An analysis of prescribing could contribute to a more rational use of psychotropic drugs. PMID- 7272612 TI - Cyclone '78 in Sri Lanka--the mental health trail. AB - A longitudinal study of psychological disturbance in the affected population in Sri Lanka after the cyclone disaster of 1978 was carried out. The post-cyclonic stress identified among the rural communities after their return to the same destroyed environment was studied. Symptoms tended to be early or delayed in appearance. The degree of unpreparedness is postulated as the causes of the former. Group cohesiveness and feelings of community tended to delay the manifestation of symptoms. Realization of losses, family needs, and continued habitation in damaged homes acted as reminders and reinforcers. Morbidity continued to affect over half the population one year later. Early intervention within community settings after such disasters is recommended. PMID- 7272614 TI - The work of the psychiatrist in a rehabilitation hospital. AB - Over an 18 month period, 49 patients in a physical rehabilitation hospital were referred to an attached psychiatrist. Formal psychiatric disorder was uncommon, and the mood changes and behaviour disturbances observed often resulted from a poor adjustment to recent physical disability by patients or their families. The most important role of the psychiatrist in management was in helping rehabilitation staff use their own skills to deal effectively with the inevitable emotional disturbances which occur in this setting. PMID- 7272615 TI - Self-report measures of mood and morale in elderly depressives. AB - The self-report scales of mood and morale were administered to 45 elderly in patient depressives and 45 non-patient controls, matched for age and sex. The responses of the two groups differed significantly in the predicted direction. When 18 patients from the depressive group were re-tested 6 to 8 weeks later, at discharge, significant declines in self-reported depression, and increases in "life-satisfaction' were reported. Within the depressive group, there was a significant relationship between "overt' depressive behaviour on the ward and self-reporting of greater depressive symptoms, and lower "life-satisfaction'. The importance of independent validation of self-report measures of mood and morale in elderly populations is discussed. PMID- 7272616 TI - Genetic implications in assortative mating of affective disorders. AB - Psychiatric disorders in a sample of spouses of probands with recurrent Primary Affective Disorders (PAD) and in their first degree relatives were evaluated and compared with those in the spouse of control subjects without psychiatric illnesses. No differences were found in the risk for PAD, but spouses of PAD patients and their respective first degree relatives manifested a greater incidence of affective spectrum disorders. PMID- 7272617 TI - HLA-A2 antigen in schizophrenic patients with reversed cerebral asymmetry. AB - The frequency of HLA-A2 was examined in 32 black and 22 white schizophrenic patients separated into two groups according to whether they had normal or reversed cerebral hemisphere asymmetries as determined by computed tomography. The black patients with reversed asymmetry had a significantly greater frequency of HLA-A2 as compared to black patients with normal asymmetry and a black normal control group. There were no significant differences for any other A, B or C antigens. These findings also held when only the 22 black patients without evidence of brain atrophy were studied. The results for the white patients were in the same direction but did not reach statistical significance. These findings suggest that, at least for black schizophrenic patients, reversed cerebral asymmetry is associated with an increased frequency of HLA-A2. PMID- 7272618 TI - Catecholamine metabolism and body weight in anorexia nervosa. AB - Urinary MHPG (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-ethylene glycol) was measured in seven anorexia nervosa patients during a bed rest and refeeding programme. MHPG levels were positively related to increase in body weight. PMID- 7272619 TI - Lithium induces rapid relief of depression in tricyclic antidepressant drug non responders. AB - Eight patients suffering from a major unipolar depression and having field to respond to treatment for three weeks or more with tricyclic antidepressants were given lithium. All eight patients experienced a remarkable relief of their depression within 48 hours. This rapid antidepressant effect of lithium in "treatment-resistant' patients might be due to the enhancement of the efficacy of the central serotoninergic system, unveiling the tricyclic antidepressant-induced sensitization of the serotoninergic postsynaptic receptors. PMID- 7272620 TI - Monoamines in affective illness. Is there a place for 5HT? PMID- 7272621 TI - Management of suicidal behaviour. PMID- 7272622 TI - Conspicuous firesetting in children. AB - The records of 79 children whose firesetting led to referral to a Children's Hearing (the Scottish equivalent of a juvenile court) were examined. All but one of the children were boys. They had very disturbed backgrounds, with much family disruption and absent or unemployed fathers. Firesetting was predominantly a group activity and the damage caused was extensive. Although the children frequently engaged in other offences, in over 90 per cent there was no recurrence of reported firesetting within the limited period of possible follow-up. PMID- 7272624 TI - Dopamine hypothesis in acute psychosis. PMID- 7272623 TI - Positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms and the role of dopamine. PMID- 7272625 TI - Anorexia nervosa in a developing country. PMID- 7272626 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and manic-depressive psychosis. PMID- 7272627 TI - Psychiatric interviewing techniques: I. Methods and measures. AB - An account is given of the overall strategy and measures used in a three-phase study of styles and techniques employed in the initial diagnostic interviews with the parents of children referred to a child psychiatric clinic. The measures of interview style included interviewer activity and talkativeness, directiveness, types of questions and statements, interventions designed to elicit or to respond to feelings, and non-verbal qualities. The informant's response and the interview 'outcome' were assessed through measures of the quantity and quality of factual information obtained, and of the extent of expression of emotional feelings by the informant. Good inter-rater reliability was achieved with most measures. Some difficulties were experienced in achieving comparable thresholds for the recognition of expressed emotions. PMID- 7272628 TI - Psychiatric interviewing techniques II. Naturalistic study: eliciting factual information. AB - A naturalistic study was undertaken of 36 video and audio taped interviews made by 7 different psychiatric trainees. The interviews studied were those conducted in the ordinary course of clinic work for diagnostic and therapeutic planning purposes by trainees when first seeing the parent or parents of a child newly referred to a psychiatric clinic. It was found that a directive style with specific probes and requests for detailed descriptions was associated with the obtaining of better-quality factual information than that associated with a more free-style approach. Interviewers who talked less and who made use of open questions and checks tended to have more talkative informants. Double questions were liable to result in ambiguous answers, but multiple-choice questions did not appear to cause distortion and in some circumstances might be helpful. PMID- 7272629 TI - Age-sex trends of phobic and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. AB - The prevalence of phobic and anxiety symptoms was investigated in school children and students aged 11-23 years by questionnaire to find age-sex trends of these symptoms. Phobic symptoms were found more prevalent in girls except for fear of talking. Among symptoms which tended to appear in anxiety or under stress, frequency of micturition was more prevalent in boys and the remaining symptoms showed no persistent sex difference. Fear of going out of doors alone and feeling of impending death tended to decrease with age. Symptoms which peaked in adolescence (fear of blushing, fear of being looked at and most anxiety symptoms) occurred at an earlier age in girls than in boys. PMID- 7272630 TI - Hallucinatory experiences of prelingually profoundly deaf schizophrenics. AB - The communication difficulties of prelingually profoundly deaf patients render psychiatric diagnosis extremely difficult. A study of 12 prelingually profoundly deaf schizophrenic patients revealed that visual hallucinations occurred in 10, and 10 also had experiences analogous to auditory hallucinations although voices may not have been heard. PMID- 7272631 TI - Influences of maternal overprotection. AB - While maternal overprotection appears associated with several neurotic and psychotic disorders, little is known about determinants of such a parental characteristic. Several hypotheses have been tested in a large nonclinical sample. Maternal and cultural factors seemed of greater relevance than characteristics in the child. Overprotective mothers gave evidence of marked maternal preoccupations before having children, of showing a capacity to be overprotective after the active stage of mothering, and of having personality characteristics of high anxiety, obsessionality and a need to control. Maternal overprotection appears associated with low, rather than with high maternal care. This has important primary prevention and treatment implications. PMID- 7272632 TI - Comparison of clients assigned to in-patient and out-patient treatment for alcoholism and drug addiction. AB - This study examined characteristics of 296 alcohol and/or drug abuse clients assigned to either (1) in-patient programmes, (2) out-patient programmers, or (3) a lower cost primary care alternative. Multivariate analysis indicated that clients admitted for in-patient care reported greater alcohol consumption and associated problems, fewer community supports and more severe symptoms such as depression and anxiety. They tended to be more frank about their problems while defence mechanisms were more apparent in clients admitted to out-patient and primary care programmers. In general, out-patients ahd more favourable prognostic indicators, such as higher social stability and lower level of alcoholic involvement. The differences among treatment programmers were along quantitative dimensions of problem severity. In particular, the alcohol dependence syndrome was a major discriminating dimension. PMID- 7272633 TI - A sex difference in the seasonal variation of suicide rate: a single cycle for men, two cycles for women. AB - The marked seasonal fluctuation in suicide rates observed by Durkheim appears to be diminishing, and in some cases, to have vanished. In this study, suicide data in Britain from 1958 to 1974 were studied by auto-correlational methods. A cyclical variation was found for both men and women. Men showed a single twelve monthly cycle whereas women showed two cycles. No explanation for this difference is immediately apparent. PMID- 7272634 TI - The choice of career of consultant psychiatrists. AB - All consultants in general psychiatry appointed in Britain between 1 October 1975 and 30 September 1978 were sent a questionnaire asking about their training and adequacy of experience before making a final decision. Over a quarter of the respondents were women, of whom a third had trained part-time. Family circumstances and availability of part-time posts were important determinants. Overseas graduates formed another quarter. For many psychiatry was not their first love but availability of posts and status were important factors in choice of career. Many consultants felt they lacked experience in the subspecialties within psychiatry. PMID- 7272635 TI - The diagnosis of psychopathy by forensic specialists. AB - Thirty-four forensic specialists from the Prison Service and elsewhere rated 22 alleged signs of psychopathy in order of importance. Only two respondents did not view psychopathy as a clinical entity. The remainder recognized a large number of diagnostic signs, though with much disagreement about the exact importance of each. PMID- 7272636 TI - Relationships between pain and schizophrenia. AB - In an examination of the phenomenology of pain in 78 patients with schizophrenia, 29 had current pain complaints. Of these 13 had an appropriate physical cause, leaving 16 with pain of seemingly psychological origin. The head, leg and back were the commonest sites. Complaints were most often described in sensory terms. Pain plausibly related to a specific delusion or hallucinatory process occurred only once, and no gross examples of insensitivity to noxious stimuli or to self mutilation were seen. Patients with schizophrenia may have less pain than those with anxiety or depression but certainly do experience pain both from physical and psychological causes. The influence of phenothiazines on pain experience is uncertain. PMID- 7272637 TI - The burden on the family of a psychiatric patient: development of an interview schedule. AB - This paper describes the construction of a semi-structured interview schedule to assess the burden placed on families of psychiatric patients living in the community. The Indian population studied found their sick relatives most burdensome in respect of the effect of the illness on family finances, the disruption of normal family activities and the production of stress symptoms in family members other than the patient. The inter-investigator reliability of the interview schedule proved to be high. PMID- 7272638 TI - Bimodality and the nature of depression. AB - Arguments concerning the nature of depressive disorders have involved as a central issue the question of the bimodality or otherwise of the distribution of some variable expressing variation in symptomatology. The implications of a particular type of frequency distribution along this dimension, whether uni- or bi-modal, have been misunderstood by a number of workers, and an attempt is made to clarify the situation. PMID- 7272639 TI - What happens to patients released from the special hospitals? AB - NHS consultants who are asked to accept Special Hospital patients can judge the prognosis, since the extent of both psychiatric and criminal histories provides the most accurate prediction of future behaviour. Patients discharged to the community have different outcomes from those transferred to NHS hospitals, but overall about one in five of those released are returned to a Special Hospital; up to one in two will subsequently be convicted, but the offences are mainly trivial and directed at property. Perhaps one in ten will be involved in serious or homicidal acts of violence. PMID- 7272640 TI - Shoplifting. PMID- 7272641 TI - Early age of onset of psychiatric disorder and the proportion of ill relatives. PMID- 7272642 TI - Further evidence of dominant hemisphere dysfunction in chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 7272643 TI - Hypoalgesia in depressive illness. AB - Neurophysiological studies of experimental pain were carried out on two severely depressed patients who complained of an inability to experience emotion. They had normal thresholds for stimulus appreciation but markedly increased thresholds for pain. These abnormal pain thresholds normalized with clinical recovery. PMID- 7272644 TI - Psychophysiological responses of schizophrenic patients to high and low expressed emotion relatives. AB - Measurements of spontaneous fluctuations in skin conductance in 20 acutely ill schizophrenic patients were made in a video-tape studio. Recordings were made initially with the patient talking to an interviewer, then during a video-taped interview conducted with the patient's key relative. The Expressed Emotion (EE) of the patient's key relative had been measured previously. Significant differences in the type of spontaneous fluctuation activity between patients who had low EE and high EE relatives were demonstrated when the relative was present, but not when the relative was absent. The findings were not related to phenothiazine medication. PMID- 7272645 TI - Growth hormone and other responses to clonidine in patients with endogenous depression. AB - The growth hormone response to clonidine was significantly less in 10 drug-free patients with endogenous depression than in 10 normal subjects who were individually matched with the patients for age and sex. The hypotensive and sedative effects of clonidine in the two groups were similar. The findings may indicate a defect at central alpha adrenoceptors at least in neuro-endocrine systems. PMID- 7272646 TI - Neuropsychiatric disturbances following brainstem lesions. AB - Two patients are described who developed behavioural changes following brainstem injuries. Both patients had neuro-ophthalmological signs indicative of lesions of the rostral brainstem, which were confirmed by CT scanning. It is suggested that the behavioural changes were related to interruption of nearby limbic, hypothalamic and reticular structures. PMID- 7272647 TI - The DSM-III concept of schizophrenia. AB - The development of DSM-III is traced from the Feighner Criteria through Spitzer's Research Diagnostic Criteria. The specific criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia are listed, and the symptoms which contribute to the diagnosis are categorized. Differences from the DSM-II concept are highlighted, and the complicated question of schizoaffective disorder is discussed. The DSM-III resolutions to the major controversies in the study of schizophrenia are outlined. Finally, the major strengths and weaknesses of the DSM-III approach are assessed. PMID- 7272648 TI - Solitary psychosis--three cases of monosymptomatic delusion of alimentary stench treated with behavioural psychotherapy. AB - Three cases of monosymptomatic delusion of alimentary stench are described. Each patient was referred for behaviour therapy as a last resort, after extensive medical investigation for halitosis or flatulence and failure of other psychiatric treatment. Two of the patients showed clinical improvement after treatment, sustained at follow-up. Monosymptomatic delusion is now a treatable condition and is important to diagnosis. PMID- 7272649 TI - Vulnerability factors and depression in men. AB - In a matched controlled study of 71 depressed men, parental loss before 17 years, poor marriage, and unemployment were found to be vulnerability factors associated with depression in men. PMID- 7272650 TI - Management of suicide risk. PMID- 7272651 TI - The isoenzymes of creatine phosphokinase in acute psychotic states. PMID- 7272653 TI - Management of pain beneath the heel and Achilles tendonitis with visco-elastic heel inserts. PMID- 7272652 TI - Canoeists' disorientation following cold immersion. PMID- 7272654 TI - Physiological, psychological and performance measures during an endurance record for 5-a-side soccer play. PMID- 7272655 TI - Common injuries among Nigerian games players. PMID- 7272656 TI - A digital display revolution counter. PMID- 7272657 TI - Sudden, unexpected death in sport. PMID- 7272658 TI - Improvisation of a simple device in measuring the anaerobic power of Indian male and female athletes. PMID- 7272659 TI - Trampoline training injuries--one hundred and ninety-five cases. AB - In 198 people 201 trampoline injuries are analysed. All except three adults were re-examined, following an observation period of one to four years. School children (145) represented the major part of the 195 persons re-examined. Handling the large trampoline injured 21 of the 145 school children and six children at clubs. Injuries of a permanent nature were found in 49 of the 195 who were re-examined. The biomechanics and physiology of trampoline jumping is evaluated. Mismatch of a multitude of sensory impulses (visual, tactile, others) with impulses from the vestibular apparatus converging towards the orientation centres of the brain, may result in disorientation and then in the inadequate motor reactions actually seen at the time of the trampoline accidents. A G induced split second loss of consciousness is another possible explanation of the trampoline accident. More secure procedures than trampolining as a school-sport and recreational activity are recommended. PMID- 7272660 TI - Association football injuries to the brain. A preliminary report. AB - In 1975 the authors sent a questionnaire to all players in the Norwegian First Division League Clubs to record the incidence of head injuries due to heading. The conclusion of the questionnaire is that there seems to be a low percentage of serious head injuries. None of the players had been operated on for epi- or subdural hematoma or other brain damage and only a few have had concussion due to heading. In sixty per cent of the players a full neurological examination and EEG recording was undertaken. The result of these studies will be published in a subsequent article. PMID- 7272661 TI - Blood lactate concentration following maximum exercise in trained subjects. AB - The time when blood lactate reaches peak concentration following maximum exercise is unclear. The post exercise venous blood lactate concentration was determined serially for 30 minutes in 13 trained men following maximum exercise on a motor driven treadmill. Lactates were determined enzymatically in duplicate. The VO2 max and percent body fat was 65.1 +/- 4.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 and 11.4 +/- 1.4, respectively. The venous lactate reached a peak concentration at the 6th minute (14.2 mmol.L-1) of an inactive recovery, and declined linearly thereafter to reach a concentration of 7.43 +/- 0.60 mmol.L-1 at the 30th minute. The net rate of lactate removal was .30 mmol.L-1.min-1. Statistical analysis found no significant difference in lactate concentration during the 4th, 5th and 6th minute post exercise, indicating that these post exercise times may be appropriate to sample venous blood for peak lactate concentration. PMID- 7272662 TI - Biomechanical analysis of sprinting: decathletes versus champions. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare some biomechanical variables of decathletes and world class sprinters while running the 100 metre race. Sixteen Swiss national decathletes and three world class American sprinters were filmed by a 16 mm Locam (100 fps) camera at the 70 m mark of the race. The co-ordinates for a 26-point stick figure were digitised and then submitted to analysis by a computer programme which produced quantitative data for 12 biomechanical variables. The data indicated that world-class sprinters differed from decathletes in running the 100 m dash by having (1) an optimal combination of a larger stride length and higher stride frequency (2) a smaller thigh angle at contact which shortens the contact time (3) a larger stride landing angle (4) a greater average acceleration of the thigh angle was (5) a larger trunk angle which contributes to a larger trunk/thigh angle. Although other factors such as culture, training, physique and racial differences may influence differences in performance between American world-class sprinters and Swiss decathletes, these data do indicate that biomechanical variables may contribute to differences in 100 m dash performance. PMID- 7272663 TI - Validity of the Astrand-Ryhming nomogram for predicting maximal oxygen intake. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the predicted VO2 max from the Astrand-Ryhming nomogram, using the cycle ergometer as the sole exercise mode and following the recommended submaximal test protocol. In addition, two sets of age correction factors were compared for accuracy. Using the Astrand age correction factors, the SEE of the predicted VO2 max for the 40 male subjects was .42 L.min-1 or 5.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, (r = .76 and .83, respectively); there was no significant difference between the measured and the predicted means. Although virtually identical SEE and r were found when applying the von Dobeln age correction factors, a significantly lower predicted mean was found (p less than .05), which indicated a consistent tendency to underestimate the actual VO2 max. These results suggest that the Astrand age correction factors should be used in conjunction with the Astrand-Ryhming nomogram, especially when classifying subjects into various fitness classifications. PMID- 7272664 TI - The relationship between facial structure and personality characteristics. AB - A variety of findings in the fields of constitutional personality theory, person perception, emotion, and orthodontic dentistry suggest there may be a relationship between personality dimensions and facial structure. Twenty subjects with long, angular faces and 20 subjects with short, square faces were selected on the basis of a radiographic study of their facial structure. The subjects completed a biographical data sheet and took Forms A and B of the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire. Subjects with long, angular faces were found to be more responsive, assertive, and genuine than subjects with short, square faces who were more restrained, conforming, and shrewd. The results of the study were compared with findings in the somatotype literature linking body size and shape with personality traits. The role of genetic factors underlying facial structure and personality attributes, the development of behaviour patterns based on social stereotypes about facial shape, and the effect of postural sets on facial form during maturation were discussed. Suggestions were made for further research utilizing EMG recordings and developmental observations. PMID- 7272665 TI - Anal fistulas in Crohn's disease. AB - Anal fistulas were recorded in 112 patients out of a series of 329 patients with Crohn's disease admitted to St Mark's Hospital for the first time between 1965 and 1976. Only 13 of 112 patients had small bowel disease alone. The remainder all had involvement of some part of the large bowel. There were 125 fistulas in the 112 patients. No treatment was attempted for 47 fistulas (38 per cent). Most patients had low fistulas which were treated by conventional techniques and healed successfully. Limited surgery was often successful in curing the symptoms of patients with more difficult fistulas. Anal lesions were the major reason for surgery in only a third of the patients who finally underwent excision of the return. PMID- 7272666 TI - The incidence and course of perianal complications and arthralgia after intestinal resection with restoration of continuity for Crohn's disease. AB - The influence of bowel resection for Crohn's disease on the frequency of arthralgia and perianal manifestations was evaluated in a follow-up study of 82 patients. Arthralgia and perianal manifestations were analysed according to two separate periods: the preoperative duration of disease (4.2 +/- 3.2 years) and the postoperative duration (4.3 +/- 2.6 years). In patients operated on more than once, the time before the first and after the latest operation was included in the study. At the time of the follow-up, 19 patients suffered from recurrent disease. The frequency of arthralgia did not change after resection irrespective of whether or not there was recurrence. In patients without recurrence, however, perianal manifestations diminished after resection (P less than 0.05). In the postoperative period only 10 per cent of those without recurrence suffered from perianal lesions compared with 47 per cent of those with recurrence (P less than 0.001). If perianal lesions were in existence preoperatively, they healed spontaneously in 80 per cent of the patients without recurrence, but were still active among those with recurrence (P less than 0.001). Our results indicate that the perianal manifestations are closely connected to the inflammatory process in the intestine. On the other hand, the arthralgia seems to be independent of the inflammatory process of the bowel and may be related to a general defect of the gastrointestinal mucosa in Crohn's disease. PMID- 7272667 TI - Physiological studies of the anal sphincter musculature in faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse. AB - The clinical, anorectal manometric and electrophysiological findings in 24 patients with faecal incontinence, 10 of whom also had rectal prolapse, and in 8 patients with rectal prolapse without incontinence, are reported. Single fibre electromyographic studies and anal reflex latencies were abnormal, indicating damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor musculature, in all the patients with faecal incontinence, with or without rectal prolapse. These studies were normal in 7 of the 8 patients in whom rectal prolapse occurred without incontinence. These investigations imply that denervation of the sphincter musculature can be recognized by electrophysiological tests in most patients with primary faecal incontinence and that the pathogenesis of rectal prolapse differed in the two groups of patients. PMID- 7272668 TI - Delorme's operation for complete rectal prolapse. AB - Twelve patients with a median age of 73 years were treated for complete rectal prolapse by Delorme's operation. The patients were mildly sedated, and local anaesthesia with lidocaine--adrenaline was administered submucously. No postoperative mortality or cardiopulmonary complications occurred. After a medial follow-up of 3 years, two recurrences were found. The Delorme procedure seems to be superior to the Thiersch operation, and the postoperative mortality and morbidity is equally low. Delorme's operation should be considered as an alternative treatment for complete rectal prolapse in patients who are not suitable for a transabdominal procedure. PMID- 7272669 TI - Integrity of low colorectal EEA-Stapled anastomosis. AB - Anastomotic integrity after a low colorectal EEA-stapled anastomosis performed for cancer was assessed by a contrast, enema in 30 patients. There was an overall 20 per cent radiological anastomotic leakage rate. The leakage rate in the last 10 cases, however, was zero. This indicates that increased familiarity with the technique results in fewer complications. PMID- 7272670 TI - Colonic mucosal-submucosal blood flow and the incidence of faecal fistula formation following colostomy closure. AB - Fistula formation following closure of a colostomy occurs most frequently when closure is carried out within the first few weeks of construction and may be related to an impaired local microcirculation. Using a recently described method for measuring colonic mucosal-submucosal blood flow, the variations in local flow which occur during the first month after colostomy construction were determined in 8 patients. Mean blood flow increased from 6.9 +/- 1.8 ml min-1 100 g-1 (s.d.) at 7 days to 31.1 +/- 12.5 ml min-1 100 g-1 (s.d.) at 28 days. In a further 40 consecutive patients undergoing colostomy closure, blood flow measurements were made before operation. Eight patients developed a faecal fistula, and in 5 of these patients mucosal-submucosal blood flow was found to be less than 15 ml min 1 100 g-1. In every successful colostomy closure blood flow was greater than 15 ml min-1 100 g-1. This study provides evidence that a subnormal blood flow is one of the factors associated with fistula formation following the operation of colostomy closure. PMID- 7272671 TI - The Kock ileostomy reservoir: an experimental study of methods of improving valve stability and competence. AB - The performances of four valve designs which have been used in clinical practice in the Kock continent ileostomy reservoir were examined and compared to four further modifications in an experimental study on dogs. It was found that a stable valve could be consistently produced by subjecting the gut, which forms the valve, to deep seromuscular diathermy and by excluding in mesentery completely from the intussusception. Construction of the valve with the autosuture GIA Stapling device shortened the operating time considerably but did not improve on valvular stability. PMID- 7272672 TI - Cholecystectomy and cancer of the large bowel. AB - A matched case control study was conducted in order to determine the association between previous cholecystectomy and the development of large bowel cancer. One hundred and sixty men and 145 women presenting with large bowel cancer were studied. One control was selected for each case matched according to age, sex and date of admission. The medical records for each patient in the study were reviewed for evidence of previous cholecystectomy. No association was found among male patients, but for women an estimate of relative risk of 2.7 was obtained for patients who had had previous cholecystectomy. This association was largely a consequence of the fact that 10 female patients with rectal cancer had had a previous cholecystectomy compared with only of their controls. It is possible that carcinogenic breakdown products of bile salts are most concentrated in the distal portion of the large bowel, but it is difficult to explain why the association should be confined to women only. PMID- 7272673 TI - Cimetidine and the potential risk of postoperative sepsis. AB - The gastric microflora of patients receiving cimetidine for duodenal ulceration has been investigated and the results compared with those from a group of untreated patients. Cimetidine-induced hypochlorhydria allows bacterial proliferation in the stomach; 75 per cent of aspirates from 44 fasting patients taking cimetidine 1 g daily were found to contain bacteria 2--4 h after the last dose. Of 41 patients taking cimetidine 400 mg at night, 34 per cent still had bacteria in their aspirates 12--13 h later. Patients treated with cimetidine are likely to be at an increased risk of postoperative sepsis. The drug should either be withdrawn before gastric surgery is undertaken or patients with gastric contents of pH 4 or above should receive antibiotic cover. PMID- 7272675 TI - Single dose doxycycline prophylaxis and peroperative bacteriological culture in elective colorectal surgery. AB - A prospective study was performed on 196 consecutive patients undergoing elective colonic surgery to evaluate the prophylactic effect of a single dose of doxycycline. The patients were randomized into four groups: group I 200 mg i.v. preoperatively, group III 600 mg i.v. preoperatively, group III 600 mg i.v. postoperatively, and group IV 200 mg i.v. preoperatively and 200 mg i.v. daily 3 days postoperatively. The rate of septic complications for the different groups were: I 13 per cent, II 7 per cent, III 20 per cent, and IV 19 per cent. There was no statistically significant difference in occurrence of septic complications between the groups. The degree of bacterial contamination during operation was estimated by culture from wound irrigation fluid and from cotton swabs. Bacteria were recovered from the irrigation fluid in 97 per cent, while culture from cotton swabs proved to be much less sensitive. A high number of bacteria in the irrigation fluid was significantly correlated to a high complication rate. It is suggested that direct plating from irrigation fluid can be used for defining a high risk group of patients in colonic surgery. PMID- 7272674 TI - The microflora of the postoperative stomach. AB - The microflora and pH have been assessed in gastric aspirates from 163 patients after gastric surgery and have been compared with 51 patients with gastro oesophageal carcinoma, 152 unoperated patients with peptic ulceration, 72 of whom were receiving cimetidine, 3 patients with pernicious anaemia and 27 normal subjects. The total viable bacterial count was closely related to the pH of the aspirate and was independent of the cause of the hypochlorhydria; 90 per cent of aspirates of pH 1--2 were sterile, while 94 per cent of those of pH 4--8 contained bacteria. Escherichia coli was found significantly more frequently in the postoperative and cancer groups, and Clostridium spp. were significantly more common in patients with carcinoma. Elevated gastric juice nitrite concentrations were significantly more common in aspirates of pH 4--8 and this correlated well with the presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria. The pH of an aspirate is a good indicator of the presence of bacteria and may be useful in selecting patients requiring postoperative prophylactic antibiotic cover. Hypochlorhydric patients are exposed to increased concentrations of nitrite and there may be an increased risk of gastric cancer induced by N-nitrosocompounds. PMID- 7272676 TI - The laboratory assessment of a new fabric for reducing bacterial penetration of operating theatre apparel. AB - A one-piece experimental suit was made up from Gore-Tex fabric and assessed in an environmental chamber using 20 male volunteers with respect to reducing airborne contamination. Comparison was made with a similar cotton suit, a two piece short sleeved cotton suit (blues) and "Y-front' underpants (briefs). The Gore Tex suit produced a reduction in contamination (with 95 per cent confidence limits) of 85.9 +/- 5.9 per cent over the cotton suit and over the blues and briefs at similar levels. Scanning electron microscopy showed that bacterial penetration would not occur. PMID- 7272677 TI - Postoperative gastric emptying. AB - Postoperative intolerance of oral fluids in common after abdominal surgery, and their premature administration may result in abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting. The ability of the stomach to empty 100 ml of water was investigated in patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy. Patients were studied preoperatively and on the first postoperative day using a radio-isotopic method of measurement of gastric emptying. Factors such as age, electrolyte disturbance, duration of operation and the many drugs used during the perioperative period were analysed in relation to postoperative gastric emptying rates. Postoperative gastric emptying showed wide variation, being normal in some patients but absent in others. No correlation was found between postoperative gastric emptying and age, plasma potassium and the duration of operation and anaesthetic. A significant correlation was found, however, between gastric emptying and drugs administered in the perioperative period. In particular, gastric emptying was grossly retarded following an injection of opiate, but this returned to normal if more than 5 h had elapsed since the last injection of opiate. It is suggested that opiate therapy is a major factor in a patient's inability to tolerate fluids following cholecystectomy. PMID- 7272678 TI - A trial of total gastrectomy, combined with total thoracic oesophagectomy without formal thoracotomy, for carcinoma at or near the cardia of the stomach. AB - There is a high incidence of residual tumour in the cut ends following orthodox resections for gastric adenocarcinoma and oesophageal squamous carcinoma at or near the cardia. In the hope of preventing the tragic recurrence of malignant dysphagia in patients who have survived a high-risk operation for its relief, the whole stomach and thoracic oesophagus were resected in 6 patients, establishing continuity using jejunum or colon, with anastomosis in the neck. Of 6 patients, 5 survived the operation. Of 2 followed up for more than 1 year, 1 has survived 5.5 years without recurrence, 1 died after 1 year with no post-mortem evidence of recurrence. This radical operation merits and extended trial in suitable patients. PMID- 7272680 TI - Perforation of a suppurative solitary renal cyst. AB - A fatal case of rupture of a large infected renal cyst is presented. Antibiotic therapy is indicated after aspiration of a suppurative renal cyst, and recurrence, particularly if large, is an indication for prompt surgical intervention. PMID- 7272679 TI - Perforation of the oesophagus: experience in a general hospital. AB - The results of a retrospective study of 62 patients who sustained perforation of the oesophagus during the period 1956--78 are reviewed. Oesophageal instrumentation was implicated in 40 patients. A total of 69 per cent of perforations occurred in the lower third; 45 per cent of patients remained undiagnosed for at least 24 h and in 23 patients remained undiagnosed for at least 24 h in 23 per cent the diagnosis was made only at post-mortem examination. Operative and non-operative management resulted in mortality rates of 48 per cent and 62 per cent respectively. Delay in operative treatment for more than 6 h was associated with increased mortality. However, 5 of 8 patients in whom diagnosis was delayed for more than 48 h recovered. The reason for this is discussed. The indications for conservative treatment are few and well defined; surgery is the treatment of choice. Early diagnosis and treatment are required if the mortality from oesophageal perforation is to be reduced. PMID- 7272681 TI - The results of Ramstedt's operation in a district general hospital. AB - From 1970 to 1979 78 pyloromyotomies were performed for congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the Royal United Hospital in Bath. Fourteen surgeons were involved. Fifty-eight operations were performed using local anaesthesia, and in this group a significantly smaller number of infants vomited postoperatively compared with those given general anaesthesia. There were no deaths, but a relatively high proportion of complications were encountered. These complications were related to the infrequent performance of the operation by the surgeons concerned rather than to the choice of anaesthetic. Pyloromyotomy should be carried out by surgeons with a special interest in the condition. Local anaesthesia offers an advantages by limiting postoperative vomiting. PMID- 7272682 TI - Solitary ulcer of the rectum. PMID- 7272683 TI - Mesenteric venous thrombosis. PMID- 7272684 TI - Smoking and arterial reconstruction. AB - Fasting levels of serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, lipoprotein, uric acid, fibrinogen and carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) were measured in 64 patients with stenosing arterial disease before reconstructive surgery, and were compared with those for normal, age- and sex-matched controls. All except fibrinogen were significantly higher in the patients with arterial disease than in the controls. The outcome of arterial reconstruction, assessed both clinically and by Doppler pressure measurement, was compared in terms of these risk factors. The reconstruction of 12 patients failed between 3 months and 5 years, leaving 52 patients with patent reconstructions at the end of the follow-up period. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of any of the risk factors, except for COHb. The COHb level (associated with inhalation of cigarette smoke) was significantly higher in the reconstruction failure group than in the reconstruction success group. We believe that patients should stop smoking cigarettes before reconstructive arterial surgery is undertaken. PMID- 7272686 TI - Prevention of arterial prosthetic graft infection by lavage and peritoneal dialysis in diffuse peritonitis: a report of 2 cases. PMID- 7272687 TI - Subclavian arteriopathy in the young patient. AB - Non-atheromatous stenosis of the subclavian artery is rare. A 10-year experience, comprising 5 cases of non-infective arteritis and 1 of fibromuscular dysplasia, in patients of average age 29 years, is described. The literature is reviewed and the possible aetiology discussed. Acceptable functional results were obtained using extra-anatomical procedures such as carotid subclavian and carotid axillary bypass. There was no appreciable morbidity. PMID- 7272688 TI - Dynamic radionuclide scanning of the testis in acute scrotal conditions. AB - The role of dynamic radionuclide scanning of the testis has been assessed in 45 patients presenting with acute testicular pain or swelling. The technique is a simple, safe and rapid method for assessing testicular blood flow; the results correlate closely with the clinical course or the findings at surgical exploration. Decreased uptake is diagnostic of testicular ischaemia resulting from acute torsion of the spermatic cord. A resolved torsion may not be detected because testis is no longer ischaemic and may actually show increased uptake due to reactive hyperaemia. PMID- 7272685 TI - Vertical forces acting on the feet of diabetic patients with neuropathic ulceration. AB - The vertical forces acting on the sole of the foot in walking have been measured in 24 diabetic patients with neuropathic ulceration of the foot using a load sensitive surface divided into 128 load cells, and compared with those in two groups of controls: (a), 21 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy but no ulceration and (b) 47 normal individuals. The results showed that the patients with neuropathic ulceration were significantly heavier, that diabetic patients with neuropathy, with or without ulceration, transmitted proportionally less force through the toes than normal individuals, and showed a medial shift of the force transmitted through the metatarsal heads. All plantar ulcers occurred at the site of maximum loading. The absolute force at the site of maximum loading was significantly greater in the patients with ulcers than in both control groups, through there was a considerable overlap. A significant difference remained even when the absolute force had been corrected for differences in toe loading and body weight, indicating that a further factor (or factors) must contribute to the development of these localized areas of high loading. PMID- 7272689 TI - Genito-urinary tract injuries of civil hostilities. PMID- 7272690 TI - The influence of high and low sodium intakes on post-operative antidiuresis. AB - There remains some doubt over the influence of intravenous fluid and electrolyte therapy on the development of postoperative hyponatraemia. We believe the effect of varying sodium intakes on fluid balance during both the early antidiuresis phase and the later postoperative period has received insufficient emphasis. Therefore, the effects of intravenous regimens, containing either 450 mmol/24 h of sodium (saline group) or no sodium (dextrose group), on salt and water balance, plasma sodium and plasma water concentrations have been studied in two groups of 6 patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. Hyponatraemia was not seen in the saline group but marked salt (+ 1023 mmol) and water retention (+ 3509 ml) were seen by day + 4. The dextrose group became relatively hyponatraemic (131.8 mmol/l) by day +1 but, following a phase of fluid retention during the 24 h following surgery, they developed negative fluid balance with some recovery of plasma sodium levels. This study confirms the importance of the sodium content of intravenous fluids both on the early development of hyponatraemia and on water and salt balance during the later postoperative period. PMID- 7272691 TI - Intussusception: analysis of 98 cases. AB - A retrospective study of the clinical features and surgical management of 98 cases of paediatric intussusception treated in New Zealand during the past 16 years is presented. The classic triad of vomiting, rectal bleeding and abdominal pain occurred in only 20 percent of patients. Barium enema examination was used in 67 patients but successful reduction was achieved in only 13. Laparotomy was performed in 85 patients with 1 operative death. Gangrenous bowel was found in 17 patients and 24 required bowel resection with no associated mortality. This high rate of bowel resection appears to be related to the long duration of symptoms before the diagnosis was established. It is concluded that earlier diagnosis is the single factor most likely to reduce morbidity. PMID- 7272692 TI - Total gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma: a retrospective study of different procedures and assessment of a new technique of gastric reconstruction. AB - A retrospective study of the value of reconstructive surgery after total gastrectomy of gastric carcinoma in 118 patients who underwent different types of reconstructive procedures is presented. Dissatisfaction with established methods of reconstruction led to the development of a new technique. The new method was associated with less regurgitation, less dumping and functioned as a reservoir without undue delay in emptying time. It was associated with an improved quality of life in the postoperative period, with minimal dumping symptoms, maintenance of weight and the ability to return to work. The mortality and morbidity of the new method are acceptable and it thus offers not only an improved reconstructive procedure for total gastrectomy after resection for gastric cancer, but offers potential for reconstructive surgery after total gastrectomy carried out for other reasons. PMID- 7272693 TI - Long term effects of arterialization of the portal vein stump in dogs with Eck's fistula. AB - This study investigates the possibility of avoiding the sequelae of Eck's fistula in dogs by preserving the hepatic blood flow with an autologous vein graft inserted between the infrarenal aorta and the transected stump of the portal vein as its entrance into the liver. Ten dogs with such experimental preparation were observed for signs of encephalopathy; the patency of the grafts was assessed by periodic arteriograms. The signs of encephalopathy and general deterioration usually observed in dogs with Eck's fistula were prevented; however, marked dilation of the intrahepatic branches of the portal vein leading sometimes to spontaneous rupture of the liver or to thrombosis of the venous graft was observed. Thus, this technique does not appear to be a satisfactory long term solution for preventing the deleterious effects of Eck's fistula in dogs. PMID- 7272694 TI - Spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct. PMID- 7272695 TI - Admission policy for patients following head injury. AB - In the 2 years following a change in the policy of admission following head injury in Nottingham, the number of patients admitted fell from 941 in 1977 to 534 and 460 in 1978 and 1979 respectively. No detrimental effects resulting from this change in policy have been noted. Previously, all patients who had been unconscious (however briefly) had been admitted. The changed policy stated that: 1. Patients who had been briefly unconscious or amnesic would only be admitted if one of the following factors was also present: abnormal neurological signs or obtunded consciousness on arrival at hospital, fits, vomiting, severe headaches or clinical or radiological evidence of a fracture of the skull. 2. Such patient would only be allowed home if instructions issued to the patients on a ":head injury instruction card' could be implemented satisfactorily. It is suggested that the implementation of such an admission policy will avoid the unnecessary admission of large numbers of patients, thus freeing beds for other purposes. The article leaves unanswered the question "Which patients should have a skull X ray?" PMID- 7272696 TI - Acute vascular compression of the duodenum in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7272698 TI - Anorectal melanoma. PMID- 7272697 TI - Repair of the intra-osseous portion of the internal carotid artery using bone cement. PMID- 7272699 TI - Unusual form of child abuse presenting as an acute abdomen. PMID- 7272700 TI - Incarcerated Bochdalek hernia presenting as acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7272701 TI - Axillary lymphoscintigraphy. PMID- 7272702 TI - Wound infection. PMID- 7272703 TI - Recurrence after day-case inguinal herniorrhaphy. PMID- 7272704 TI - Auditory brain-stem responses in syphilis. AB - Analysis of auditory brain-stem electrical responses (BSER) provides an effective means of detecting lesions in the auditory pathways. In the present study the wave patterns were analysed in 11 patients with secondary or latent syphilis with no clinical symptoms referrable to the central nervous system and in two patients with congenital syphilis and general paralysis. Decreased amplitudes and prolonged latencies occurred frequently in patients with secondary and with advanced syphilis. This technique is a notable diagnostic advance in detecting syphilitic damage of the brain stem. PMID- 7272705 TI - Fluorimetric and microbiological assays of erythromycin concentrations in plasma and vaginal washings. AB - Using a microbiological and a fluorimetric assay to determine penetration of erythromycin into vaginal fluids, concentrations were measured in plasma from nine men one hour after a single oral dose of erythromycin stearate 2 g and in vaginal washings and plasma samples taken simultaneously from 11 women two hours after the last dose of a 10-day course of erythromycin stearate (250 mg four times daily). Both assay methods gave accurate and reproducible results in plasma but only the fluorimetric method was capable of measuring concentrations of erythromycin in vaginal washings. The latter method had many advantages in estimating drug concentrations in body fluids such as vaginal washings and the results from it may provide an index of tissue penetration and of patient compliance in adhering to drug regimens. PMID- 7272707 TI - Comparison of miconazole-coated tampons with clotrimazole vaginal tablets in the treatment of vaginal candidosis. AB - The effectiveness and acceptability of miconazole-coated tampons were compared with those clotrimazole vaginal tablets in the treatment of vaginal candidosis in 100 women. Both treatments were highly effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of infection; 95% of the group treated with miconazole had negative culture results for Candida species immediately after treatment compared with 86% of those treated with clotrimazole. A 17.6% recurrence rate of positive culture results was found four weeks later in the miconazole-treated group compared with that of 30% in the clotrimazole-treated group. The miconazole tampons were highly acceptable to patients. Vaginal pH values did not differ significantly between those patients with candidosis and those treated and cured. Corynebacterium vaginale (Gardnerella vaginalis) vaginitis and nonspecific genital infection were common complicating factors during follow up. PMID- 7272706 TI - Cryotherapy versus electrocautery in the treatment of genital warts. AB - Forty-two male patients with ano-genital warts were randomly allocated to a single-blind study of cryotherapy versus electrocautery. There was no significant difference in the success rates of these two forms of treatment in patients followed for three months. Cryotherapy was qualitatively much more acceptable to the patients than electrocautery. It seems particularly suited to patients with widely scattered warts who are unable to attend for regular treatment. PMID- 7272708 TI - Phonological agraphia and the lexical route in writing. AB - A new agraphia syndrome is described in which the patient can write certain classes of words virtually perfectly but is very poor at writing non-words. It is shown that this difficulty cannot be explained by perceptual or memory problems. A number of aspects of the syndrome are shown to correspond to those of phonological alexia within the acquired dyslexias. It thus appears that agraphia syndromes can be analysed by methods analogous to those recently developed for the study of the acquired dyslexias. PMID- 7272709 TI - Electrophysiological studies of gait in spasticity and rigidity. Evidence that altered mechanical properties of muscle contribute to hypertonia. AB - The surface electromyogram (EMG) of mm. tibialis anterior and triceps surae was recorded in 10 patients with spasticity, 10 patients with rigidity and 20 normal subjects and correlated with the changes in ankle joint angle during the different phases of the gait cycle. While the strength and timing of EMG activity recorded from triceps surae during the stance phase of gait did not differ from that of normal subjects, the EMG of tibialis anterior was significantly stronger during the swing phase in both groups of patients. Although the reciprocally organized innervation pattern of the leg muscles was preserved, spastic patients could hardly lift up the affected foot during the swing phase despite the enhanced activity of tibialis anterior. There was no coactivation of the calf muscles during the hyperactivity of tibialis anterior. Therefore, no electrophysiological explanation could be found for the increased muscle tone in either group of patients. The possibilities of reduced force development by the muscle fibres of tibialis anterior or of some mechanical obstruction in the ankle joint were largely excluded as alternative explanations underlying the impeded elevation of the foot. We suppose that in both diseases the muscle fibres undergo changes which are responsible for increased muscle tone in spasticity and rigidity. The pathophysiological mechanism of these changes remains unknown. PMID- 7272710 TI - Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against gliomas. AB - The effects of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with glioma on glioma cells grown in culture was studied using an in vitro microcytotoxicity test. Lymphocytes from 12 of the 20 patients studied showed significant cytotoxic activity against their own tumour cells. Four of them reacted against heterologous glioma cells and 4 also showed some reactivity against foetal brain cells. An attempt to correlate in vitro cytotoxicity with the degree of lymphocytic infiltration of the tumour suggested an association, but the number of cases examined was too small to achieve statistical significance. PMID- 7272711 TI - Gating of somatosensory evoked potentials during different kinds of movement in man. AB - 1. Somatosensory evoked potentials from electrical stimulation of the digital nerves of the right thumb have been recorded during the performance of various motor tasks in eight normal subjects. 2. The N20-P30 primary cortical response is only moderately affected by task context, while the P45-N55 secondary response is markedly 'gated' by movement of the stimulated digit. The late N140 vertex is variable. 3. In most subjects, active and passive movements are about equally effective in suppressing the secondary complex; but in one, passive movement has come to be rather less effective than active. 4. Secondary response suppression occurs in proportion to the velocity of the movement of the thumb, up to a velocity of 20 deg/s. 5. Secondary response suppression is unrelated to load in the range 0 to 0.16 Nm. 6. When the stimulus is timed to occur at various points in movement, secondary complex suppression occurs at all stages; but there is little or no suppression when stimulation is timed at 200 ms before the start of or 500 ms after the end of a movement. 7. Secondary response suppression is maximal when the same digit is both moving and shocked. When the right index or little finger are moved instead, the right thumb being stimulated, suppression is less; when the left thumb moves, no suppression is seen. 8. Secondary response suppression is reduced but not lost if the skin and interphalangeal joint of the thumb are anaesthetized distal to the stimulating electrodes. 9. Secondary response suppression is unimpaired when the radial nerve is anaesthetized, paralysing the finger extensors. 10. In an attempt to identify the course taken by the afferent volley between the primary and secondary responses, and to identify the gating site, we recorded the responses in six patients with Parkinson's disease who had undergone thalamotomy. Their secondary responses were present, and gated in the normal way. 11. We are unable to confirm whether the secondary response represents the re-arrival at cortical level of a volley that has traversed the cerebrocerebellar loop. 12. We confirm that the secondary complex is located a little anterior to the primary cerebral response. 13. We conclude that a gating action is exerted in the brain on somatosensory afferent activity, after it first reaches the cortex, and that this gating action associated with movement is controlled by other afferent signals from the stimulated limb, and particularly from the stimulated digit. PMID- 7272712 TI - Disorganization and reorganization of cognitive and sensorimotor functions in cerebral commissurotomy. Compensatory roles of the forebrain commissures and cerebral hemispheres in man. AB - Neuropsychological studies of 10 patients with complete cerebral commissurotomy and 2 with frontal commissurotomy showed differences in the nature and severity of pre-operative, initial and long-term post-operative deficits in verbal and nonverbal cognitive, memory, and sensorimotor functions. Neurosurgical findings before and after operation recorded various types of extra-callosal brain damage in all 12 patients, including 4 with gross structural lesions in the right hemisphere before surgery. Our findings revealed that differences in the nature and severity of pre-operative and post-operative deficits varied according to the nature and laterality of associated extra-callosal damage before as well as after operation. Following complete commissurotomy, all 4 patients with pre-operative structural lesions of the right hemisphere revealed a unique pattern of marked, selective impairment of nonverbal cognitive functions strikingly similar to the effects of right hemispherectomy for tumour in adults. The remaining 8 patients showed systematic patterns of greater impairment in verbal and nonverbal cognitive and contralateral sensorimotor functions, depending on the laterality of extra-callosal damage. The significantly higher pre-operative Wechsler Performance IQs of the 4 patients with structural lesions of the right hemisphere suggest that following earlier damage to the right hemisphere, the forebrain commissures contribute to a reorganization of interhemispheric relations to permit restitution of the diminished nonverbal cognitive functions resulting from damage to the right hemisphere. Thus, in addition to other possible roles in integrating the functions of the two hemispheres in the normal brain, the forebrain commissures can also serve as 'standby' or 'reserve' structures for reorganization of compensatory interhemispheric mechanisms following lateralized brain insults. Since some patients showed later postoperative improvement, the extent of ultimate competence and the 'cognitive costs' of commissurotomy can only be defined by continuing follow-up studies. Apart from their practical clinical implications, such studies may also contribute to elucidation of the principles underlying the organization, disorganization and reorganization of human brain functions. PMID- 7272713 TI - Human postural responses. PMID- 7272714 TI - Friedreich's ataxia: a clinical and genetic study of 90 families with an analysis of early diagnostic criteria and intrafamilial clustering of clinical features. AB - The clinical features of 115 patients from 90 families with Friedreich's ataxia are described. Onset of symptoms was before the age of 25 (mean 10.52) years in all the index cases. An analysis of early cases suggested that limb and truncal ataxia and absent tendon reflexes in the legs were the only consistent diagnostic criteria within five years of presentation. Dysarthria, signs of pyramidal tract dysfunction in the legs and loss of joint position and vibration sense are not necessarily present during the first five years of symptoms, but appear to develop eventually in all cases. Scoliosis and ECG evidence of cardiomyopathy were found in over two-thirds of the patients studied; pes cavus, distal amyotrophy, optic atrophy, nystagmus and deafness were all less frequent. The disorder was gradually progressive in all cases. The mean age of losing the ability to walk was 25 years; 95 per cent were chair-bound by the age of 44 years. About 10 per cent of the patients had diabetes mellitus which was controlled by oral hypoglycaemic drugs in one quarter. Diabetes appeared to be associated with a higher incidence of optic atrophy and deafness. Diabetes also clustered within sibships; the risk of an individual with Friedreich's ataxia developing diabetes if an affected sib has it is over 40 per cent. Similarly, cardiomyopathy ran true within affected members of the same sibship, but there were instances of discordance which suggest that the development of the non neurological features of Friedreich's ataxia may be controlled by modifying genes rather than heterogeneity of the main gene. Segregation analysis and an increased consanguinity rate amongst parents of patients (5.55 per cent) confirmed that this disorder is of autosomal recessive inheritance. A study of 101 first degree relatives of the patients with Friedreich's ataxia failed to demonstrate any neurological or electrocardiographic abnormalities which could be ascribed to the heterozygous state. PMID- 7272715 TI - Brain involvement in hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - The brains of 46 patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni were studied. Eggs of Schistosoma mansoni were found in 12 brains (26 per cent). The parasite location, brain reaction, clinical features and the possible paths by which the eggs of S. mansoni reach the nervous system are discussed. Our data and those of the literature suggest that brain involvement is common in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni. PMID- 7272716 TI - The use of laterally presented words in research into cerebral asymmetry: is directional scanning likely to be a source of artifact? PMID- 7272717 TI - Speech production mechanisms in aphasia: a delayed auditory feedback study. PMID- 7272718 TI - The influence of Hangul learning upon laterality differences in Hangul word recognition by native Japanese subjects. PMID- 7272719 TI - On the cerebral localization of linguistic functions: logical and empirical issues surrounding deficit analysis and functional localization. PMID- 7272720 TI - Hemispheric specialization for syntactic form. PMID- 7272721 TI - The role of the right hemisphere in the apprehension of complex linguistic materials. PMID- 7272723 TI - Ear differences in simple reaction time: the influence of attentional factors. PMID- 7272722 TI - Asymmetries in the perceptual span for Israeli readers. PMID- 7272724 TI - Functional cerebral lateralization in subtypes of disabled readers. PMID- 7272725 TI - Dysfluent speech associated with brain damage. PMID- 7272726 TI - Sentence understanding and knowledge of the world: evidence from a sentence picture matching task performed by aphasic patients. PMID- 7272727 TI - Processing of locatives "in," "on," and "under" by aphasic patients: an analysis of the regression hypothesis. PMID- 7272728 TI - The comprehension of locative prepositions in nonfluent and fluent aphasia. PMID- 7272729 TI - Vocal and nonvocal discriminative performance in monkeys. PMID- 7272730 TI - Patterns of labeling of intraspinal reactive cells in rats injected with [3H]thymidine prior to or following sciatic axotomy. PMID- 7272731 TI - Modification of responses to sensory and hippocampal stimuli in neurons of the rat mediobasal hypothalamus in the presence of iontophoretically applied cortisol. AB - The effects of iontophoretic cortisol on evoked activity was studied in rat tuberal hypothalamic units. Evoked activity from visual, auditory, sciatic nerve and hippocampal stimulation was examined in same neurons both before and during local cortisol administration. Hippocampal stimuli were studied in isolation and as conditioning stimuli for one of the sensory modalities. A constant background glutamate current was frequently used in order to shorten observation periods and to enhance inhibition of firing. Even though the predominant effect of cortisol on spontaneous firing was to reduce the firing rate, the effect of the hormone on evoked responses of all kinds was to reduce the size of the response, independent of sign, and even to reverse the nature of the response, from control facilitation to inhibition or from control inhibition to facilitation. Evoked responses in many units whose spontaneous activity was not affected by cortisol were altered by hormone. Of particular interest are a group of cells which are normally silent and respond to afferent stimulation with inhibition. The responses in these cells are reduced or changed to excitation in the inhibition. The responses in these cells are reduced or changed to excitation in the presence of cortisol and they may represent local inhibitory interneurons. The findings are related to the negative feedback of adrenocorticosteroids on CRF and ACTH release. PMID- 7272732 TI - Sensory interactions with a central motor program in anuran larvae. AB - Swimming in anuran larvae is directed by a central motor program that is modulated by spinal sensory input. Dorsal root stimulation activates the locomotor program in vitro and can produce either an increase or a decrease in the rate of ongoing fictive swimming. Records obtained from the distal stumps of cut dorsal roots during passive tail bending show that receptors respond to tail movement but not to tail position. During episodes of fictive swimming, primary afferent terminals are depolarized and their sensitivity to antidromic stimulation increased, indicating that the motor program exerts presynaptic inhibitory control over spinal sensory transmission. These results suggest that the central program is very sensitive to dorsal root inputs and modulates these inputs during swimming. PMID- 7272733 TI - Presynaptic excitability changes produced in brain stem endings of tooth pulp afferents by raphe and other central and peripheral influences. PMID- 7272734 TI - A search for corticospinal collaterals to thalamus and mesencephalon by means of multiple retrograde fluorescent tracers in cat and rat. AB - An attempt has been made to determine anatomically whether in rat and cat cortical projections to ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus and to mesencephalon are in part composed of corticospinal collaterals. For this purpose two different fluorescent tracers were injected: one in the spinal cord and the other contralaterally in the lateral thalamus and in the mesencephalon respectively. In these experiments Fast Blue and True Blue were used in combination with Nuclear Yellow. Evans Blue was used in combination with Granular Blue. After injections of the tracers into the thalamus and spinal cord two different populations of single retrogradely labeled cortical neurons were found, while after injections in mesencephalon and spinal cord double-labeled cortical neurons occurred. This has lead to the conclusion that in cat and rat corticospinal neurons do not distribute collaterals to specific thalamic nuclei, but do distribute collaterals to mesencephalon. Moreover, the preferential distribution of the double-labeled corticospinal neurons in cat suggest that the corticospinal neurons distributing collaterals to the mesencephalon in part are concentrated in those cortical areas which subserve the steering of movements of the head, neck and trunk. PMID- 7272735 TI - Differential effects of gonadal steroids on dopamine metabolism in mesolimbic and nigro-striatal pathways of male rat brain. AB - Thirty days after castration the concentration of dopamine (DA) was significantly reduced in the septum and n. accumbens septi, but not in the caudate-putamen, of male rat brain. The concentrations of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), the principle metabolites of DA, also tended to be lower in septum and n. accumbens septi after castration. Chronic s.c. administration of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or E2 plus DHT in silastic capsules effectively reversed these effects of castration in septum and n. accumbens septi without affecting concentrations of DA, DOPAC, or HVA in caudate-putamen. The accumulation of DOPA after inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity, which was taken as an in vivo index of tyrosine hydroxylase activity, was not affected in these brain regions by long term castration or by chronic administration of DHT to castrated males. Acute administration of haloperidol caused equivalent, significant increments in concentrations of DOPAC and HVA in all brain regions studied, regardless of whether castrated rats had been implanted with DHT capsules or no hormone. However, in the absence of haloperidol treatment the concentration of DOPAC in septum and n. accumbens septi, but not in caudate-putamen, was significantly higher in castrated rats implanted with DHT as opposed to no hormone. These results suggest that chronic exposure to T, or to its neural metabolites, E2 and DHT, selectively enhances metabolic activity in mesolimbic DA neurons. PMID- 7272737 TI - Potassium activity and changes in glial and neuronal membrane potentials during initiation and spread of afterdischarge in cerebral cortex of cat. PMID- 7272736 TI - Evidence that the 40,000 Mr phosphoprotein influenced by high frequency synaptic stimulation is the alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase. AB - We have previously shown that brief periods of high frequency synaptic stimulation of the rat hippocampus influence the endogenous phosphorylation of a 40,000 Mr brain protein (Browning et al.). The results of the present study demonstrate that this brain phosphoprotein is enriched in a purified mitochondrial fraction and co-migrates with the alpha-subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Comparisons of total and partial proteolytic fingerprints indicate that the two proteins are essentially identical. In addition, the phosphorylation of the 40,000 Mr brain protein is sensitive to both dichloroacetate and magnesium as has been reported for pyruvate dehydrogenase. Taken together these data provide persuasive evidence that the brain protein is the alpha-subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase and thereby raise the possibility that even very short periods of synaptic activity influence an enzyme of particular importance to mitochondrial metabolism in brain. PMID- 7272738 TI - Kainic acid induced limbic seizures: metabolic, behavioral, electroencephalographic and neuropathological correlates. PMID- 7272739 TI - Effects of phenytoin on [3H]diazepam binding in dissociated primary cortical cell culture. AB - The effects of chronic exposure of primary dissociated cerebral cortical cells in culture to the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin have been investigated using benzodiazepine binding techniques. By separating benzodiazepine binding into pharmacologically distinct subtypes, the data indicate that clonazepam displaceable benzodiazepine binding (associated primarily with neuronal membranes) is significantly decreased by exposure to therapeutic and toxic doses of phenytoin while R05-4864-displaceable benzodiazepine binding (associated principally with non-neuronal elements) is enhanced. The ratio of clonazepam displaceable to R05-4864-displaceable benzodiazepine binding appears to be the most sensitive indicator for these changes. PMID- 7272740 TI - Convergence in segmental reflex pathways from fine muscle afferents and cutaneous or group II muscle afferents to alpha-motoneurones. PMID- 7272741 TI - Intracerebral grafting of dissociated CNS tissue suspensions: a new approach for neuronal transplantation to deep brain sites. AB - Suspensions of central nervous tissue, prepared by dissociation of selected embryonic brain regions, may be viably transplanted by intraparenchymal injection into a variety of sites in the depth of adult rat host brains. Such grafted neurons can mediate considerable reinnervation of a previously denervated brain region, and they can replace neurons intrinsic to a particular target, such as the caudate-putamen, previously damaged by the neurotoxin kainic acid. The present technique should open entirely new possibilities for experiments on neuronal reconstruction following brain lesions. PMID- 7272742 TI - Long term survival of enucleated segments of glial cytoplasm in the leech Macrobdella decora. AB - Enucleated cytoplasmic segments of the giant connective glial cell (GCGC) survive morphologically intact for at least 10 weeks in the leech Macrobdella decora. Enucleated GCGC segments isolated from regenerating nerve axons show some degenerative changes after 4 weeks compared to GCGC segments which surround intact or regenerating nerve axons. Survival of GCGC cytoplasm is associated with an increase in the number of microglia. Relatively few (10-30%) nerve axons degenerate after severance from their cell body. PMID- 7272743 TI - Mesocortical dopamine neurons: rapid transmitter turnover compared to other brain catecholamine systems. AB - The decline of dopamine and norepinephrine after intravenous alpha-methyltyrosine was used to determine the rate constants for catecholamine turnover in the rat prefrontal cortex, olfactory tubercle and striatum. Dopamine turnover varied more between brain regions and was generally faster than the corresponding norepinephrine turnover. Prefrontal cortical dopamine was unaffected by dorsal noradrenergic bundle lesions. The turnover of prefrontal cortical dopamine was found to be 2-4 times faster than dopamine turnover in the olfactory tubercle and striatum. PMID- 7272745 TI - A new mouse mutant showing cerebellar abnormalities. AB - This paper describes a previously unreported recessive mutation in mice which, in the homozygous state, caused an abnormal posture, characterised by extension and abduction of the limbs on one side. This position alternated causing the mice to fall to one side or the other. The only histological abnormality noted, in the slightly smaller brains of the mutants, was a displacement and disarrangement of the Purkinje cells into the granular layer, in parts of the nodulus. PMID- 7272746 TI - Ultrastructural effects of anteroventral third ventricle lesions on supraoptic nuclei and neural lobes of rats. AB - Small lesions of the tissue surrounding the anterior ventral third ventricle (AV3V) cause adipsia, but there is no compensatory antidiuretic response. Therefore, the fine structure of the supraoptic nucleus and neural lobe, the major sites of synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), were compared in rats rendered adipsic by AV3V lesions 3 days earlier, rats deprived of water for 3 days and rats drinking normally. In sham-lesioned rats which were deprived of water, neuronal somas in the supraoptic nucleus show signs of stimulated secretory activity. However, the neuronal somas of supraoptic nuclei of rats which did not drink because they were made adipsic by AV3V lesions resemble those of normally hydrated controls. Neural lobes of water deprived animals contain a sharply reduced number of neurosecretory granulated vesicles and reduced apposition of glial processes with the perivascular connective tissue compared to those of normally hydrated rats. In contrast, neural lobes of rats with AV3V lesions contain large accumulations of densely packed neurosecretory vesicles, as well as abundant dense bodies and multilamellar bodies which may be evidence of increased crinophagy, and they have increased interposition of glial processes between axon endings and the perivascular connective tissue. In rats with AV3V lesions the severe dehydration due to adipsia was unable to stimulate release of ADH. The accumulation of neurosecretory vesicles in the neural lobe indicates that transport of ADH to the neural lobe was not impaired in this time period, but that exocytosis of ADH-containing neurosecretory vesicles in the neural lobe was blocked. PMID- 7272744 TI - The production of monoclonal antibodies reactive with bovine choline acetyltransferase. PMID- 7272747 TI - Neural regulation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in rat muscle: effect of denervation and reinnervation. AB - We tested the hypothesis that glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle is under neural control by studying changes in G6PD activity in EDL muscles following nerve crush-induced denervation and reinnervation. Changes in G6PD were correlated with choline acetyltransferase activity, as well as with neurological function, muscle weights, and muscle isometric twitch tension. The data show a dramatic increase in G6PD following denervation. The gradual recovery of enzyme activity toward normal levels correlates with the return of functional synaptogenesis manifested by the return of neurological function, choline acetyltransferase, and muscle twitch tension. We conclude, therefore, that muscle G6PD is under neural control. G6PD activity provides a facial biochemical indicator of muscle reinnervation. PMID- 7272748 TI - Effect of iontophoretically applied 5-hydroxytryptamine on the excitability of single primary afferent C- and A-fibers in the cat spinal cord. AB - Excitability testing of single sural afferent C- and A-fibers was employed to study possible presynaptic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) applied iontophoretically at the intraspinal point of lowest threshold for their antidromic activation in anesthetized or decerebrate spinalized cats. Threshold for single fibers recorded in the sural nerve was measured prior to and during iontophoretic application of 5-HT through a micropipette positioned in close proximity to the intraspinal stimulating electrode. 5-HT produced dose-related increases in threshold for antidromic activation in 21 or 30 C-fibers. Six of 9 A delta, and 4 of 7 A beta-fibers were similarly affected. PMID- 7272750 TI - Is stimulus movement of particular importance in the functioning of cat visual cortex? AB - On average, cells in areas 17, 18 or 19 of normal and stroboscopically reared cats respond with equal maximum firing rates to a narrow bar of light whether moving at the optimal velocity in the preferred direction of movement of flashed at the optimal position within the receptive field. Firing rates in the non preferred direction of movement are much lower, however, suggesting that direction selectivity is mostly based on inhibition. PMID- 7272749 TI - Posttraining changes in excitability of the commissural path-CA1 pyramidal cell synapse in the hippocampus of mice. AB - Mice were partially trained on a bar-press operant conditioning task on continuous reinforcement (CRF). The amplitude of population excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by commissural stimulation of the Ca2 field of the dorsal hippocampus was found to significantly increase 1 h after training and then to decrease. This phenomenon was either not observed or much less evident in mice could not learn the task or which had already been trained on this task. PMID- 7272751 TI - Presynaptic bodies in outer hair cells of the chinchilla organ of Corti. PMID- 7272752 TI - Differential projections of two immunoreactive alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) neuronal systems in the rat brain. AB - Immunocytochemical localization of alpha-MSH was performed in the brain of rats of which the arcuate nucleus has been destroyed by treatment with monosodium glutamate in the neonatal period. In these animals, alpha-MSH cell bodies normally found in the arcuate nucleus were almost completely absent. The reactive fibers found in the ACTH-beta-LPH pathway were also markedly decreased. On the other hand, alpha-MSH cell bodies located in the dorsolateral hypothalamus as well as fibers located outside the ACTH-beta-LPH pathway were not decreased. These results strongly suggest that alpha-MSH cell bodies in dorsolateral hypothalamus have projections completely different from those located in the arcuate nucleus. PMID- 7272753 TI - Induction of swimming in the high spinal stingray by L-DOPA. AB - Stingrays with high spinal transections, which do not spontaneously locomote, can be induced to swim by intravenous injection of L-DOPA. The L-DOPA-induced swim of the spinal animal is associated with patterns of EMG activity that appear similar to those of the spontaneous swim of the decerebrate preparation. However, in contrast to the decerebrate condition, the L-DOPA-induced cycles of swimming are slower and less vigorous. Furthermore, secondary periodicites and altered intersegmental timing relationships are also evident. PMID- 7272754 TI - The uptake and fate of the radiolabeled 5-hydroxytryptamine in isolated cerebral microvessels. PMID- 7272755 TI - Changes in dopamine and DOPAC following systemic administration of apomorphine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylamino-2-imidazoline (DPI) in rats. AB - Rats were injected systemically with either saline, apomorphine, or one of four doses of DPI (3,4-dihydroxyphenylamino-2-imidazoline) and the levels of dopamine and DOPAC determined in the nucleus accumbens and the caudate regions. DPI reduced dopamine and DOPAC levels in the nucleus accumbens, while apomorphine did not. On the other hand, apomorphine reduced the levels of dopamine and DOPAC in the caudate but not the nucleus accumbens. DPI largely was without effect in the caudate. The results are discussed in terms of possible specificity of the two dopamine agonists in the two forebrain regions. PMID- 7272756 TI - Inversion of direction-selectivity to anterior fields in neurons of nucleus of the optic tract in rabbits with ocular albinism. AB - Extracellular recordings were made of 46 well-isolated single units in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) from 27 rabbits which were paralyzed but unanesthetized. Rabbits were selected from 3 varieties with ocular albinism. These units showed short latencies (mean = 2.2 msec, S.D. = 0.4) to chiasmic stimulation suggestive of monosynaptic innervation from retinal ganglion cells. Receptive fields were large and receptive field centers were confined to the projection of the visual streak. All units showed direction selectivity in which preferred stimulus motions were always nearly horizontal in the anterior or posterior direction. The direction selectivity of the units was broad in that excitatory acceptance angles were 180 degrees. Single units recorded from NOT in albino rabbits could be classified into 4 types based on regions of direction selectivity. The most common (64%) type of unit had receptive fields with two regions of opposed direction selectivity. The preferred direction of motion was anterior in lateral and posterior visual fields and was posterior in anterior visual fields. Two smaller groups of units (13% and 11%) had receptive fields with only one preferred direction. When the receptive field was anterior, the preferred direction was posterior. When the receptive field was lateral or posterior, the preferred direction was anterior. The least commonly encountered type of unit (7%) had receptive fields with two regions of direction selectivity. Anterior visual fields gave rise to anterior direction selectivity and lateral and posterior visual fields gave rise to posterior direction selectivity. The characteristics of NOT units are similar to those described for NOT units in pigmented rabbits except for an inversion of direction selectivity to stimulation from anterior visual fields. NOT units in albino rabbits show posterior direction selectivity when stimulation arises from anterior visual fields. The difference in directional preference in the visual receptive fields of the units in the NOT of albino rabbit may be responsible for the inversion of optokinetic pursuit eye movements characteristic of albino rabbits. PMID- 7272757 TI - Kainic acid produces depolarization of CA3 pyramidal cells in the vitro hippocampal slice. AB - Kainic acid (KA) (10(-6)-10(-8) M) reversibly depolarized CA3 pyramidal cells when applied topically to the apical dendritic area of these cells in the hippocampal slice. The magnitude of membrane depolarization and the time to recovery of resting membrane potential were concentration-related. Application of 10(-5) M KA produced complete membrane depolarization which did not recover in baseline levels. Unlike CA3 neurons cells from the CA1 region were unaffected by KA (10(-6)-10(-8) M). However, 10(-5) M KA also proved effective in depolarizing CA1 cells. PMID- 7272758 TI - Sequential inhibition of progesterone: effects on sexual receptivity and associated changes in brain cytosol progestin binding in the female rat. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cytosol progestin receptors (CPRs) in the activation of mating behavior in the estrogen (E2) stimulated, ovariectomized rat, following the administration of a dose of progesterone (P; 2.5 mg) which is sufficiently large to inhibit the re-induction of sexual receptivity by subsequent P ('sequential inhibition'). In order to control for competition by unlabeled P in our binding studies, aliquots of cytosol supernatants were passed through LH-20 columns prior to in vitro incubation with the radioactive ligand, [3H]R5020 (double column assay). Three days following E2 priming, all animals used in behavioral studies received either P (2.5 mg) or vehicle injections (propylene glycol; PG) 24, 48 or 72 h prior to the administration of P (0.5 mg). When P (0.5 mg) was given 24 h after P or PG treatment, animals which had received P previously showed significantly decreased lordosis quotients (LQ), lordosis quality (LS) and proceptivity scores relative to PG controls ('sequential inhibition'). The inhibitory effects of previous P (2.5 mg) were transient, and were not observed if P (0.5 mg) was delayed until 72 h after P or PG treatment. Three days following E2 priming, all animals used in biochemical studies received either P (2.5 mg) or PG. When we did not control for competition by unlabeled P, [3H]R5020 binding in the cortex, mediobasal hypothalamus-preoptic area (MBH-POA) and pituitary was decreased by 60%, 3 h after 2.5 mg P. When we used the double column assay to remove P in the tissue, [3H]R5020 binding in all tissues was decreased by 20% at 3 h after 2.5 mg P. By 24 h, after 2.5 mg P, the competitive effect of tissue P on [3H]R5020 binding was not measureable; and cytosol progestin receptor (CPR) levels were less than or equal to those seen at 3 h. By 72 h after 2.5 mg P, CPRs had returned to control levels in all tissues. Our data suggest: (1) the double column assay is necessary to estimate CPR levels when P is present in the tissue; (2) when one controls for competition by P, CPR depletion 3 after P is measurable but not extensive; depletion occurs in tissues in which CPRs are induced by E2 (pituitary, MBH-POA), as well as in cerebral cortex, where CPR levels are not included by E2; (3) at 24 h, CPR levels are less than or equal to those seen at 3 h in all tissues; this may be the result of the initial depletion associated with nuclear translocation, or it may indicate that P regulates its own receptor concentration in the central nervous system (down-regulation); and (4) after a large dose of P (2.5 mg), reduced CPR levels are correlated with P's reduced ability to facilitate sexual receptivity. PMID- 7272759 TI - Mechanism of kyotorphin-induced release of Met-enkephalin from guinea pig striatum and spinal cord. AB - The characteristics of kyotorphin (Tyr-Arg)-induced release of Met-enkephalin from the striatum and the spinal cord of guinea pig were determined by superfusing the slices in vitro and then carrying out radioimmunoassays. Depolarization by 50 mM K+ induced a marked release of Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. The potassium-induced release of Met-enkephalin was calcium dependent. In preparations from a striatum, the addition of kyotorphin to the superfusion medium produced a concentration-dependent increase in Met-enkephalin. The kyotorphin-induced release of Met-enkephalin was calcium-dependent and was abolished by tetrodotoxin. Similar effects of kyotorphin were seen in the spinal cord preparations. Electrical field stimulation of the striatal slices at a frequency of 10 Hz also evoked significant and calcium-dependent increases in the release of Met-enkephalin and markedly enhanced the kyotorphin-induced release of Met-enkephalin, as compared to the controls not given field stimulation. These results suggest that kyotorphin depolarizes the so-called enkephalinergic neurons and releases Met-enkephalin from nerve terminals. This effect of kyotorphin may be a possible mechanism related to the manifestation of analgesia. PMID- 7272760 TI - Retinotopic organization in the cat lateral posterior-pulvinar complex. PMID- 7272761 TI - Cortical neurons responding to tactile, thermal and taste stimulations of the rat's tongue. AB - Responses of 62 cortical neurons were recorded in rats in response to tactile, cold, warm and taste stimuli applied to the tongue surface. Lingual somatic and taste inputs were essentially non-overlapping. Cortical neurons sensitive to tactile and thermal stimulations were situated mainly in the dorsal and ventral halves of the lingual nerve projection area, respectively. Taste-sensitive neurons were located ventral to those neurons, and were well within the chorda tympani projection area. PMID- 7272762 TI - A quantitative study of the effects of early unilateral olfactory deprivation on the number and distribution of mitral and tufted cells and of glomeruli in the rat olfactory bulb. AB - Anatomic effects of early unilateral olfactory deprivation on the developing olfactory bulb were investigated in the albino rat. Unilateral anosmia was experimentally induced by neonatal cauterization of the left or right nare; regenerating the tissue permanently blocked the nostril. The anosmic olfactory bulb (ipsilateral to the blocked nare) and its contralateral counterpart, serving as the normal control, were compared for the following quantitative anatomic parameters: total number and distribution of mitral and tufted cells and olfactory glomeruli; average diameters of mitral cells and glomeruli; relative dimensions of the bulb and its layers. The effects on mitral cells and glomeruli were studied at the ages of 25 and 60 days and at 2 years; other studies were carried out in the 25-day-old animals only. In the normal mature bulb, the number of mitral cells, tufted cells and glomeruli was found to be about 70,000, 160,000 and 3000, respectively. It was found that the absence of early olfactory stimulation was invariably correlated with a significant and permanent loss of mitral cells, amounting to more than a quarter of the total number. This loss apparently occurred rapidly during the first 3 weeks, as it was already evident by day 25 and did not increase appreciably with prolongation of deprivation. Tufted cells were apparently even more susceptible, because their number decreased by about 45%. As evident from this distribution profiles, the loss of mitral and tufted cells occurred uniformly throughout the bulb. It is shown that these differences were due neither to inherent interbulbar differences, nor to a hyperplasia in the normal bulb. Early anosmia had no significant effects on the number or average diameter of the glomeruli. Morphometric studies revealed that the dimensions and thickness of layers (internal and external plexiform and granular) of the anosmic bulb were significantly reduced. It is suggested that early olfactory stimulation is necessary for survival of the developing mitral and tufted cells; thus the first 2-3 postnatal weeks, covering the final developmental stages of these cells, would constitute a vulnerable period in the development of the rat olfactory system. PMID- 7272763 TI - Ephemeral cellular segmentation in the thalamus of the neonatal rat. AB - The distribution of thalamocortical relay cells in the rat ventrobasal complex was studied during the early postnatal period using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase from the parietal cortex. It was found that the relay cells undergo marked changes in their distribution during the first two postnatal weeks. On postnatal days (PNDs) 0 and 1, the cells are rather homogeneously distributed throughout the ventrobasal complex. However, by PND 2, and more clearly by PND 3, the cells form a distinctly segmented pattern. This pattern consists of discrete curvilinear arrays of cells extending throughout most of the rostrocaudal extent of the nucleus. This distinct cellular pattern is present from PND 2 to about PND 8. In animals sacrificed on PND 15 or as adults, the pattern is no longer obvious. The cellular pattern seen at PND 8 was examined in the 3 standard planes of section and compared to both the somatotopic organization of the nucleus and to the organization of its major ascending and descending inputs. The developmental time course of the cellular segmentation was related to that of the lemniscal and corticothalamic afferents, which also show ephemeral segmentation patterns during the first two postnatal weeks. PMID- 7272764 TI - Origin of taurine in developing rat brain. AB - The amounts of taurine supplied to the developing rat pup and rat brain by the mother, both in utero throughout gestation, and by the milk throughout weaning, have been determined. Since the total taurine status of the rats is known, the amount biosynthesized at each of these developmental times has been calculated. The surprising result was obtained that 40% of the taurine present in each rat pup, and in brain, at birth has already been obtained through biosynthesis by the fetus during gestation. In comparison, the adult rat derives 80% of its total taurine by biosynthesis, and obtains 20% from its diet. From birth to weaning, the mother contributes a similar amount of taurine to the whole rats as she did during gestation, although a smaller fraction of this taurine is present in brain. Both the rate of disappearance of labelled taurine in brain derived from the mother in utero compared to that derived from the mother in utero compared to that of [3H]taurine in brain derived from a postnatal intraperitoneal injection, suggest the presence of a small pool of taurine in the mitochondria, synaptosomes, and microsomes which is not freely exchangeable. PMID- 7272765 TI - A biometrical-genetic analysis of granule cell number in the area dentata of house mice. AB - Considerable variability in the number of granule cells in the area dentata has been found among inbred strains of mice. In this report a simplified triple-test cross breeding design was employed to identify and discriminate between heritable and non-heritable sources of this variability. Granule cell numbers were estimated in two previously identified extreme strains of mice and in their reciprocal F1 hybrids with 3 strains of mice known to be intermediate between the 2 extremes. Analytical techniques of biometrical genetics applied to the neuron number estimates indicated that genetic transmission of this trait involves genes located upon autosomes. Transmission does not involve cytoplasmic factors within the female egg, or maternally-mediated differences in nutrition. Of the total variability in dentate granule cell number, 86% is estimated to be determined by an additive genetic component. A dorsal-to-ventral increase in the size of granule cell nuclei was found for all genotypes; some possible bases for this increase are discussed. PMID- 7272766 TI - Metabolic mapping of functional activity in the olfactory projections of the rat: ontogenetic study. AB - An ontogenetic study of the uptake of [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) within the direct olfactory bulb projections and the tertiary olfactory projections was performed on rats of 1, 9 and 21 days old. Animals were exposed either to ethyl acetoacetate or to nest odor. In newborns, most of the direct olfactory bulb projections - anterior olfactory nucleus, anterior part of the olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex and nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract - appear labelled on films and therefore seem functional. No evidence of 2-DG uptake can be brought out in the cortical amygdala nucleus. AS regards the tertiary olfactory projections, there is no apparent functional activity, neither in the medio-dorsal and medio-ventral thalamic nuclei nor in the hypothalamic nuclei, e.g. the lateral preoptic area and the lateral hypothalamus. In 9-day-old pups, the direct olfactory bulb projections and the tertiary olfactory projections appear well-contrasted. Moreover, the patterns of labelling within the direct olfactory bulb projections are comparable to those observed in 21-day-old rats and in adult. These data are correlated with the postnatal development of the discriminating ability of the rat. PMID- 7272767 TI - Rapid appearance of labeled degenerating cells in the dorsal root ganglia after exposure of chick embryos to tritiated thymidine. AB - The interval between [3H]thymidine delivery and onset of cellular degeneration in 5.5 day embryonic chick brachial dorsal root ganglia was examined autoradiographically. Of the degenerating cells, 14% were labeled by 2 h after [3H]thymidine delivery. This percentage increased for 24 h. Wing bud amputation had no effect on this percentage through 9 h. Thus, some cause of cell death other than faulty peripheral connections may exist in at least some degenerating ganglionic cells. PMID- 7272768 TI - The origin of brain stem-spinal projections at different stages of development in the North American opossum. AB - The origin of brain stem neurons giving rise to axons innervating the thoracic cord has been determined in a developmental series of pouch-young opossums. The first spinal axons identified (17 days after conception, postnatal day 5) arise from the medullary and pontine reticular formation, certain raphe nuclei, the vestibular nuclei and the coeruleus complex. The contribution of the red nucleus before postnatal day 10 is not certain. The brain stem sensory relay nuclei and the hypothalamus do not project spinalwards until much later in development. PMID- 7272769 TI - Mossy fiber and Purkinje cell axon collateral arborization patterns in normal and X-irradiated rat cerebellum: a light microscopic study using horseradish peroxidase fiber filling techniques. AB - The horseradish peroxidase neuronal staining technique was applied to reveal through anterograde and retrograde staining the detailed morphology of fiber arborization patterns in the cerebella of normal adult rats as well as those treated with neonatal X-irradiation. Morphological features of anterogradely filled mossy fibers including the axonal arborization and glomerular-type synaptic specializations were found to be similar in all groups studied. In addition, retrogradely-filled Purkinje cell axon collaterals in the cerebella degranulated by X-irradiation exhibited much more elaborate branching and arborization of recurrent collaterals than those labeled in the normal cerebellar cortex. The presence of glomerular-type specializations in the degranulated cerebellum suggested that mossy fibers develop and maintain their normal features independent of major influences from granule cells. The hypertrophy observed after destruction of the cerebellar interneurons suggests the hypothesis that the growth of the normal Purkinje cell collateral system is normally suppressed by extrinsic factors within the neuronal circuit. PMID- 7272770 TI - Evidence for ganglion cell death during development of the ipsilateral retinal projection in the rat. AB - When one eye of a rat is removed at birth an increased projection to the brain is found from the remaining eye. This projection arises from the whole retina and mainly from ganglion cells which project to only one hemisphere of the brain. In the normal course of development many of these cells die and the uncrossed projection diminishes to form the normal adult pattern. PMID- 7272771 TI - Depth perception, eye alignment and cortical ocular dominance of dark-related cats. AB - On first exposure to light, animals that have been reared from birth until about 4 months of age in total darkness exhibit substantial visual and visuomotor deficits, which decline in severity during the first few months following exposure to light. In order to determine whether dark-reared animals eventually acquire stereoscopic vision following exposure to light we examined the binocular status of 5 dark-reared animals two of which developed convergent eye alignment. The binocular status was assessed behaviorally by measurements of the ability of each animal to perceive depth using either one or both eyes, and physiologically by documentation of the distribution of cortical ocular dominance of a sample of visual acuity, their binocular depth perception remained very poor, comparable to the monocular performance of normal cats. In marked contrast to normal animals none of the dark-reared animals, even those with normal eye alignment, performed substantially better binocularly than monocularly, a result indicating the absence of a uniquely binocular mechanism for depth perception in these animals. Although the dark-reared animals were found to retain a substantial (but reduced) complement of binocularly influenced cortical neurons, the tuning of these cells for retinal disparity must be insufficiently precise to mediate depth perception under binocular viewing conditions that is superior to that which can be achieved monocularly. PMID- 7272772 TI - Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors regulation and protein phosphorylation in primary cultures of rat cerebellum. AB - Exposure of primary cell cultures of rat cerebellum to the muscarinic agonist carbachol led to a 50% loss in apparent muscarinic receptor number detectable in a ligand binding assay using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB). The loss in [3H]QNB binding was time-dependent with a half-life of 2.9 h. Examination of membrane protein phosphorylation indicated that exposure to carabachol resulted in an increase in the level of phosphorylation of 6 polypeptides. The increased phosphorylation of 3 of these polypeptides, of molecular weights, 75,000, 67,000 and 62,000, followed a similar time-course to that of carbachol-induced loss of receptor binding. These results are consistent with the idea that the muscarinic receptor regulation involves a protein phosphorylation mechanism. PMID- 7272773 TI - Age-related changes in the C57BL/6J mouse cochlea. I. Physiological findings. AB - The development and degeneration of cochlear output was studied in C57BL/6J mice from the time of hearing onset (12 days of age) through adulthood (50 days of age) using the eighth nerve compound action potential (N1). Mice were stimulated in free-field, using short rise-time tone bursts (2-35 kHz). Sensitivity to tones and threshold tuning curve sharpness (Q10) increased markedly between 12 and 20 days of age. Response latencies changed, in a complex way, to attain minimum values by 20 days of age. The form of intensity function was essentially identical in 12- and 16-day-old mice. In 30- and 40-day-old mice signs of both hearing development and degeneration were seen. For example, while N1 threshold intensities to low-frequency tones continued to decline, those to high frequencies began to increase. The results indicate that some of the previously observed age-related changes in central auditory function in C57BL/6J mice can be accounted for in terms of cochlear evolution. The observed changed in cochlear function are discussed in relation to outer-, middle-, and inner-ear modifications. A basis for the limits of the critical period for audiogenic seizure "priming' is hypothesized. PMID- 7272774 TI - Age-related changes in the C57BL/6J mouse cochlea. II. Ultrastructural findings. AB - The C57BL/6J mouse organ of Corti was studied using transmission electron microscopy. The basal coil of the cochlea was examined in mice 1-50 days of age. At birth the cochlea was very immature but both types of hair cells were innervated. Inner hair cells (IHC) were connected to afferent and efferent processes, and efferent endings synapsed on IHC afferents. Outer hair cells (OHC) were innervated exclusively by afferents, which made well-defined synapses with the cell. Maturation at IHC took place rapidly and was essentially over by about 12 days of age. Changes were largely restricted to an increase in presynaptic specializations opposite afferents and a decrease in postsynaptic specializations (cisterns) opposite efferents. Ontogeny at OHC took place over a longer, 2.5 week, period. Afferent synapses lost their presynaptic specializations (synaptic bodies), and then efferent fibers arrived below OHC. The efferents subsequently made temporary axo-dendritic synapses with the afferents before replacing most of them at OHC. The first synapses between efferent endings and OHC were seen at 9 days of age, but it was not until about 20 days of age that mature synapses were seen. Some evidence of hair cell degeneration was seen in 30- and 50-day-old mice. The results are discussed in terms of sensory hair cell differentiation, the disappearance of OHC synaptic bodies, and age-related changes in auditory system function. PMID- 7272775 TI - Androgen and estrogen receptors in embryonic and neonatal rat brain. AB - We provide biochemical evidence that specific androgen- and estrogen-binding macromolecules are present in rat hypothalamus-preoptic area throughout the "critical period' of brain sexual differentiation. Macromolecules with the properties of putative androgen and estrogen receptors are present in cytosolic extracts of embryonic neonatal, prepubertal rat hypothalamus-preoptic area and other brain regions. Both the androgen and estrogen receptors in perinatal rat brain are qualitatively similar to those in adult brain by virtue of their high affinity and limited capacity for hormone, specificity of hormone-binding, ability to adhere to DNA, differential behavior during DNA-cellulose affinity chromatography, behavior during velocity sedimentation, and tissue specificity. As early as 7 days before birth, both androgen and estrogen receptors are detectable in hypothalamus-preoptic area and other brain regions. Both receptors are more abundant in the hypothalamus-preoptic area relative to other regions. The concentrations of both receptors in hypothalamus-preoptic area increases as a function of age, although the relative rate of appearance of each receptor is distinctive: estrogen receptor concentrations increase approximately 6-fold during the last week of gestation, approximately adult-like levels at birth; androgen receptor concentrations increase slightly during late gestation, gradually rising to adult-like levels a few weeks after birth. The ontogeny profiles of both receptors from rat hypothalamus-preoptic area are compared with those from mouse. The presence of sex hormone receptors in perinatal rodent brain is discussed in the context of the hormonal milieu of perinatal rodent brain, and its effects on sexual differentiation of neural organization. The coincident appearance of receptors and post-mitotic neurons in prenatal rodent brain may indicate that sex hormones effect the early differentiation of these neurons. PMID- 7272776 TI - The critical period for alteration in cortical binocularity resulting from divergent and convergent strabismus. PMID- 7272777 TI - Naturally occurring neuron death in the ganglion cell layer of the neonatal rat: morphology and evidence for regional correspondence with neuron death in superior colliculus. PMID- 7272778 TI - Uniformity of cell distribution in the ganglion cell layer of prenatal cat retina: implications for mechanisms of retinal development. PMID- 7272779 TI - Ontogenesis of the functional activity of rat olfactory bulb: autoradiographic study with the 2-deoxyglucose method. AB - An ontogenetic study of the uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) within the olfactory bulb was performed on rats of 3 age groups, 1, 9 and 21 days. Animals were exposed either to ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) or to a nest odor. Already in newborns, a glomerular activity characterized by small spots of increased 2-DG uptake, appeared in response to either odor stimulation. An ontogenetic development of this glomerular activity was observed with age: whereas the labeled glomerular foci were scanty in newborns, their number constantly increased with age until weaning; moreover, an increased proportion of foci overlaying 2 or 3 single glomeruli was noted in parallel with the postnatal maturation of the olfactory system. For the 3 age groups, whatever the odor stimulus, the glomerular activity seemed located in 2 main regions of the olfactory bulb, the lateral aspect and the posterior part of the medial aspect of the bulb. In newborns, no clear difference could be brought out between the patterns of glomerular activation related to EAA and to nest odor, respectively. In 9-day-old rats, the spatial patterns of distribution associated with the 2 odors were overlapping, but nevertheless different. These data are correlated with the postnatal maturation of the olfactory system. PMID- 7272781 TI - Behavioral and electrophysiological study of cutaneous trigeminal nerves in axolotls. II. The effects of cross-anastomosis of nerves. PMID- 7272780 TI - Behavioral and electrophysiological study of cutaneous trigeminal nerves in axolotls. I. Normal innervation and reinnervation following nerve section. AB - Behavioral responses to light tactile stimulation of the skin of the head of axolotls were variable in occurrence but were of a constant pattern. Retraction of the eyes and gills followed stimulation of dorsal but not ventral skin. Ventral skin yielded lowering of the head. Touching near the lips caused turning of the head and a snap towards the stimulator. Following section and regeneration of divisions of the trigeminal Vth nerve, normal behavioral responses returned in 7-17 weeks. Afferent activity during cutaneous stimulation was recorded from sensory fibres in division of the cranial trigeminal nerve. The shapes of corresponding innervation fields on the left and right side were similar in normal animals. Following section and regeneration of one or more of the peripheral divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the pattern of fields of innervation of the skin of the head returned to normal, as judged by electrophysiological recordings from nerves central to the point of section. Receptive fields of individual fibres were roughly oval in shape and many overlapped with adjacent fields. Unit activity evoked by tactile stimulation of the face skin was also recorded from the region of the principal trigeminal nucleus in the medulla. Topographical organization was not apparent in the cutaneous receptive fields of medullary units, but a large proportion of the fields tended to be located on dorsal skin towards the front of the head and around the upper lip, innervated by the ophthalmic division. PMID- 7272782 TI - Multi-channel cable assembly for long-lasting recording and/or stimulation of brain electrical activity in small laboratory animals. AB - A low cost multi-channel (8 single ended or 4 differential) recording and/or stimulating cable assembly is described. The assembly is shown to be suited for derivation of slow and fast brain electrical activity in small laboratory animals confined to an experimental cage. A light-weight impendance transforming circuit (ITC) at the input stage minimizes the movement artifacts associated with the use of the high impedance electrodes. The easy rotating pressurized air-operated commutator equipped with gold-gold slip ring contacts makes the assembly suited for 24 hr recordings and/or stimulation of brain electrical activity. The number of the channels in the assembly can be increased readily with little increase in the weight of the ITC and in the inertia of the commutator. PMID- 7272783 TI - Acetylcholine (Ach) induced alterations of plasma growth hormone (GH) in normal and pimozide-treated ovariectomized rats. PMID- 7272784 TI - Acetylcholinesterase aggregates in a newly formed motor nerve-smooth muscle junction. AB - We have studied the changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) molecular forms during cross-innervation of the inferior smooth muscle of the cat nictitating membrane by the hypoglossal nerve. One month after functional cross-innervation AChE activity increases by two-fold above control values, and a new high molecular weight AChE form (A12) is detected, BW284c51, an anti-AChE, potentiates the contraction of the cross-innervated smooth muscle. Three months later, AChE activity has raised six-fold above normal values. At this time, half of the activity sediments to the bottom of the sucrose gradient and a time-dependent dissociation occurs in lighter AchE forms, reminiscent of AChE aggregates observed in the electric eel. We discuss the possibility that the multimolecular aggregates are involved in the immobilizatin of AChE at the neuromuscular junction of a motor nerve and a smooth muscle. PMID- 7272785 TI - Heroin prolongs survival time and retards tumor growth in mice with neuroblastoma. AB - The effect of heroin on tumor growth and survival time was studied in mice with neuroblastoma. Daily SC injections of either 3, 6, 10, 15 mg/kg heroin were initiated either 2 weeks prior to tumor cell inoculations (pre-treated groups) of 10(6) S20Y cells or one week after tumor transplantation (post-treated groups); control animals received saline injections prior to tumor cell inoculation (saline-tumor group). Heroin administration that began prior to tumor cell inoculation was effective in inhibiting tumor growth and prolonging life-span at all dosages utilized, but a dose-related response was not observed. A prolongation in mean survival time of 32-39% and median survival time of 8-50% was found in tumor-bearing animals of the pre-treated groups in comparison to mice in the saline-tumor group. Tumor growth was retarded in mice pre-treated with heroin, but mean tumor size of these animals was comparable to controls on the day of death. Only one post-treated group, 6 mg/kg, was observed to have alterations in tumor growth and survival time. Heroin's action in retarding tumor growth and prolonging life-span was blocked by concomitant of an opiate antagonist (naloxone, 10 mg/kg). These results suggest that, in addition to heroin's analgesic and behavioral properties, this opiate may have an even greater biologic significance by modulating neoplasia. PMID- 7272786 TI - Pressure ejection of drugs on single neurons in vivo: Technical considerations and application to the study of estradiol effects. AB - Through multibarrelled microelectrodes, simultaneous extracellular unit recording, microniotophoretic application of glutamate and pressure ejection of picoliter volumes of steroid hormones were carried out in order to study the effects of estradiol on spontaneous and glutamate-induced activity in the female guinea-pig brain. Preliminary were undertaken to ascertain the reliability of the method. Reversible and dose-dependent unspecific fluid effects inhibited the neuron discharge. These effects were mainly observed when the discharge was induced by glutamate and also occurred on spontaneous activity. A control procedure was adopted to avoid fluid effects when testing steroid hormones. Recordings from 280 septopreoptic neurons indicated that local application of estradiol increased (13.93%) or decreased (3.93%) the discharge frequency. Responses were elicited within 30 sec after the pressure was turned on. This finding suggests a direct hormonal action on membrane functioning. In addition, the effects of pressure-applied cortisol were tested on 13 estradiol-sensitive neurons. Two neurons discriminated between the two hormones whereas 11 responded in a very similar manner. These results are discussed in terms of the stereoselectivity of the steroid-sensitive neurons. PMID- 7272787 TI - Changes in brain norepinephrine content in mice following neonatal 6 hydroxydopamine. AB - Treatment of mice with various doses of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) between days 1 and 5 after birth produced decreases in body, forebrain and cerebellum weight at 6 and 18 days of age. Doses of 6-OHDA larger than 3 injections of 50 mg/kg did not augment the norepinephrine (NE) depletion in the cerebellum at 6 days of age. Different patterns of NE depletion and recovery were observed in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex and brainstem after injections of 50 mg/kg on day 1, days 1 and 3 or days 1, 3, and 5. In the cerebellum, but not in the cortex, NE content increased significantly between 8 and 24 hr post-injection. Sequential injections of 6-OHDA produced additional NE depletion 24 hr post-injection only in the cortex. At 18 days of age the extent of NE recovery in the cerebellum, but not in the brainstem or cortex, depended on the number of 6-OHDA injections. After 2 or 3 injections, NE concentrations in the cortex were significantly higher at 18 days (50-60% of the control) than at 24 hr post-injection (10-15% of control). PMID- 7272788 TI - Effects of diazepam on body temperature of the aged squirrel monkey. AB - Hypothermia was produced by IM administration of diazepam (0.125-0.5 mg/kg) to squirrel monkeys of various ages (2-16 years) in a thermoneutral (23 +/- 0.5 degrees C) environment with animals over eight years of age having slightly greater responses. Hypothermia caused by an intermediate dose (0.25 mg/kg) was augmented in a cold environment (15 degrees C), especially in the older animals. There was no marked alteration in the temperature change/age regression after 0.25 mg/kg diazepam in a hot environment (30 degrees C) compared with the control response. Injections of diazepam (1.25-5.0 microgram) into the lateral cerebral ventricle in a thermoneutral environment produced hyperthermia rather than hypothermia in all animals, and the magnitude of the induced hyperthermia was smaller in older monkeys. The results support previous case reports in man and suggest that this commonly used drug can induce hypothermia, especially in older primates exposed to cold. The drug action responsible for this temperature change appears to take place peripherally rather than within the brain. PMID- 7272789 TI - Thermoregulatory effects of centrally administered bombesin, bradykinin, and methionine-enkephalin. AB - Bombesin (BO, 100 ng), bradykinin (BR, 10 microgram), or methionine-enkephalin (EN, 10 microgram) was administered intracerebroventricularly to adult male rats at an environmental temperature of 4 degrees C, 22 degrees C, or 35 degrees C, and rectal (Tre) and tail-skin (Tsk) temperatures were monitored for 5 hours. At 4 degrees C and 22 degrees C BO-treated animals developed acute hypothermia (max delta Tre=-3.25 degrees C and -2.71 degrees C, respectively) which persisted for 2 hours (p less than 0.05). At 22 degrees C and at 300 min post-injection, BO treated animals became significantly (p less than 0.05) hyperthermic (deltaTre = +1.28 degrees C) when compared to controls. While BR had no effects at 22 degrees C, en-injected rats demonstrated significant (p less than 0.05) hyperthermia from 180 min through 300 min (delta Tre=+1.40 degrees C). At 22 degrees C both BO and, surprisingly, EN increased Tsk (e.g. delta Tsk =+ 3.49 degrees C and + 2.01 degrees C at 60 min). At 35 degrees C EN elicited hyperthermia which was significantly (p less than 0.05) increased from time 0 at all sampling time (mean delta Tre =+ 1.85 degrees C) and from control levels at 300 min (delta Tre =+1.07 degrees C, p less than 0.05). BO again caused a significant (p less than 0.05, BO vs control, 30 min) decrement (delta Tre =-1.22 degrees C) followed by increments (p less than 0.05) from 12-0-300 min. We conclude that the hypothermic effect of BO is dependent upon environmental temperature, partially caused by vasodilation, and possible biphasic in nature; EN treatment generally elicits hyperthermia under these conditions while BR produced no effects on thermoregulation. PMID- 7272790 TI - Thalamocortical coupling and component properties of visually evoked afterdischarge. AB - Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) multiple-unit activity (MUA) and single visual evoked responses (VER) followed by afterdischarge (AD) were examined in lightly restrained albino rats. It was found that VER AD spike components are initially quite prominent, exceeding at times the amplitude of the broad surface negative wave components. As VER AD progresses toward termination spike amplitude systematically declines. Wave amplitude, however, remains relatively stable until spike components disappear. Averaged dLGN MUA and VER AD responses to photic stimuli suggest the existence of a precise time-locked relationship between peak dLGN MUA and VER AD spike components. It is proposed that thalamic and cortical mechanisms sustaining VER AD bursting might be operative during sensory information ;processing, serving to sustain neural activity functionally related to stimulus input. PMID- 7272791 TI - A microcomputer system for on-line analysis of the end-plate potential data. PMID- 7272792 TI - Postnatal ontogenesis of hippocampal CA1 area in rats. I. Development of dendritic arborisation in pyramidal neurons. AB - Hippocampal pyramidal neurons (area CA1) in rats, 5, 10, 15, 24, 48 and 90 days old were studied by means of the Golgi-Cox impregnation. Using a video-computer microscope the development of dendritic arborisation was analysed and descriptive as well as quantitative data were obtained. During the suckling period (5 and 10 days) the basal dendrites, the main shaft and within the stratum moleculare branching terminal fibers of the apical dendrite were found to develop. At the weaning period (15 and 24 days) the development progressed with proliferation and ramification of the apical dendrite's lateral branches in the stratum radiatum and of its preterminal fibers branching in the stratum lacunosum. The lateral branches of the apical dendrite developed in a consequent order from the neuronal soma towards fissura hippocampi. Adult numbers of dendrites were set in first, followed by elongation and ramification of the fibers. The final number of segments was in the whole dendrite system, except of the main shaft, established before the maximum of the total dendritic length was reached. The afferent fibers termination upon the pyramidal neurons are known to be distinctly divided within the hippocampal layers. Step by step development of the individual groups of dendrites therefore probably eventuates the linkage of afferent fibers in a successive order. PMID- 7272793 TI - Postnatal ontogenesis of hippocampal CA1 area in rats. II. Development of ultrastructure in stratum lacunosum and moleculare. AB - Fine structure of stratum moleculare and lacunosum of the hippocampal CA1 area was studied in rats 5, 10, 15, 24, 48 and 90 days old. By means of an electron microscope the detailed description of both layers as well as quantitative data about the development of neuropile were obtained. The density of dendrites per 1 mm3 decreased during the development. Adult values were reached in both layers at the age of 24 days. Formation of axon terminals extended in the stratum lacunosum till the 24th day; in the stratum moleculare the density of terminals was highest on the 15th day, but decreased during the later period. The density of axo dendritic synapses did not change in the whole postnatal period while that of axo spine synapses considerably increased. Dendritic spines increased their density in both layers, having reached their maximum on the 24th day in the stratum moleculare and on the 48th day in the stratum lacunosum. The significance of fine structure development becomes apparent in light of the distribution of afferent fibers and the functional activity of pyramidal neurons. The gradual development of individual afferent systems probably results from the input information pattern conveyed by the afferents. The resulting integration of pyramidal neurons should thus be subjected to a substantial change during development. PMID- 7272794 TI - Simulation of post-synaptic activities in hippocampal cells during theta rhythm. AB - Three types of discharge patterns can be recorded from hippocampal cells during theta rhythm. The Type 1 discharges are in rhythmic bursts phase-locked with theta; the Type 2 pattern, although non-rhythmic shows a phase relationship with theta; and the Type 3 activity is non-rhythmic and unrelated with theta. Furthermore, depending on the presence or absence of theta and on other undetermined factors, units with Type 1 activity may become non-rhythmic or vice versa. These patterns may derive from the relative amounts of rhythmic versus non rhythmic inputs received by each cell. This possibility was tested through computer simulation of a hypothetical neuron receiving random and rhythmic inputs. The inputs produced membrane potential (MP) variations simulated as a band-limited gaussian white noise (WN) and a sinewave, respectively, which were summated by the cell. Spiked were triggered when a MP threshold was reached. The simulated neuron exhibited the three types of discharge patterns by changing the sinewave to WN ration. Ratios of 0.4 and 0.1 generated Types 1 and 2 behavior, respectively, and lower ratios Type 3. Statistical methods, based on autocorrelations and averages, were used to assess rhythmicities and relationships between spiked and EEG or the simulated MP. The simulation supports the tested hypothesis, provides a good description of the possible mechanisms involved and is predictive, indicating that most hippocampal cells, rhythmic or not might show periodic MP oscillations phase-locked with theta. PMID- 7272795 TI - Chronic recording of multiple-unit activity from the brain of conscious sheep. AB - A technique is described for recording chronic multiple-unit activity from the brain of conscious sheep. Four to six prefabricated arrays of 6 flexible 70 micrometer wires were implanted in each of 16 sheep. During implantation the electrode tips were protected with a crystalline glucose sheath, and following implantation the flexible electrode wires allowed the electrode tips to "float" with movements of the brain tissue. The electrodes were connected to a thin recording cable via a "switchboard" mounted on the skull which allowed the experimenter to determine which 4 of the 24-36 electrodes to monitor at any one time. PMID- 7272796 TI - Inhibitory actions produced by local electrical stimulation in the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus in rat. AB - Inhibitory actions induced by local electrical stimulation (LES) on the tooth pulpal afferent activities were investigated in the caudal part of the rat spinal trigeminal nucleus. For the LES, ipsilateral Yin-Hsiang (intrasegmental point) or Ho-Ku (extrasegmental point) was used as a cathodal point which was stimulated electrically by a single pulse of 0.1 msec in duration or by 0.1 msec-pulse train at 45 Hz for 15 min. We found at least three types of inhibitions in the caudal trigeminal nucleus: Type I--this inhibition is the most forceful, caused by naloxone-reversible endogenous opiate system with a slow onset and prolonged aftereffect. This inhibition is presumably postsynaptic action. Type II--this is evoked by postsynaptical acting inhibition and begins within milliseconds after the stimulus is applied. Type III--this inhibition is elicited by presynaptic action and also begins within milliseconds after the onset of the stimulation. Type I and II inhibitions are evoked by stimulating either intra- or extrasegmental LES points, however, Type III is produced by stimulation of intrasegmental and rarely provoked by extrasegmental point stimulation. Naloxone failed to reverse Type II and III inhibitions. During LES, Type I to III inhibitions co-work for producing the suppressive effect and after the cessation of its stimulation, only Type I inhibition produces the so-called aftereffect of the LES. PMID- 7272797 TI - Effects of antipyresis on bacterial numbers in infected rabbits. AB - A previous investigation demonstrated that infusion of an antipyretic drug into the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) of rabbits reduced the fever usually seen during the initial stages of infection. This was followed by an increased fever and an increased mortality rate [32]. The work reported here investigated the hypothesis that the increased mortality was the result of decreased killing and/or increased multiplication of bacteria during the initial, attenuated phase of the febrile course in the antipyretic-treated rabbits. Rabbits were injected intravenously with Pasteurella multocida and either sodium salicylate or a control solution was infused directly into the PO/AH. Infusion of sodium salicylate reduced the mean fever 4 hours after injection of bacteria from 2.07 +/- 0.28 degrees C (S.E.M.) to 0.62 +/- 0.43 degrees C. Rabbits with reduced fevers had decreased blood leucocyte counts and greater numbers of bacteria in lung and liver samples. No differences were seen in reticuloendothelial clearance of carbon, hematocrit, or intracellular viability of bacteria when antipyretics were administered. This increase in bacterial numbers corresponds well to the increased mortality found in previous studies in animals with reduced fevers. PMID- 7272798 TI - Effects of ventral tegmental area stimulation and microiontophoretic application of dopamine and norepinephrine on hypothalamic neurons. AB - The effects of ventral tegmental area of Tsai (VTA) stimulation on lateral hypothalamic (LH), lateral preoptic area (LPA). and medial hypothalamic neuronal activity were determined in anesthetized rats. Recordings from 81 hypothalamic neurons indicate that stimulation produces predominantly decreases in hypothalamic neuron activity. Increase in activity due to VTA stimulation occurred less frequently. Following single rectangular pulse stimulation, 0.5 msec. 0-500 microA, short latency decreases in activity occurred. Longer latency increases in discharge frequency were also observed. Dose response relations were established for 56% of the LH neurons, 78% of the LPA neurons, and for 82% of the medial hypothalamic neurons following VTA stimulation. Decreases and in a few cases increases in activity seemed to involve only one or two synapses. Antidromic responses verified interconnections between the VTA and the hypothalamus and revealed relatively slow conduction velocities of 0.45 and 0.81 m/sec. The changes in discharge frequency which occurred following VTA stimulation were similar in direction to the effects of the direct microiontophoretic application of dopamine (DA) or norepinephrine (NE). Since DA increased or decreased while NE decreased discharge frequency, these microiontophoretic tests indicated that the shorter latency VTA stimulation induced increases in decreases in neural activity were associated with VTA dopaminergic neuron stimulation and that in some cases short and long latency decreases in neuronal activity were due to activation of VTA ventral bundle NE fibers of passage or to indirect polysynaptic mechanisms. Results demonstrate the interconnections between various regions of the hypothalamus and the VTA along the extent of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The cross-validation of neuroanatomical and various electrophysiological methods in establishing the nature of hypothalamic connections was discussed. PMID- 7272799 TI - Effects of periaqueductal gray stimulation of diencephalic neural activity. AB - The effects of ipsilateral mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) stimulation on lateral hypothalamic (LH), lateral preoptic area (LPA), and ventral and subthalamic activity were determined in anesthetized rats. Recordings from 119 diencephalic neurons indicate that the PAG provides a predominantly inhibitory input to diencephalic neurons. Excitatory input occurred infrequently in the hypothalamus and was not observed in the thalamus. Following single rectangular pulse stimulation, 0.5 msec, 0-500 micro A, short latency decreases in activity occurred. Longer latency increases in discharge frequency were also observed. Dose response relations were established for 74% of the LH neurons, 68% of the LPA neurons, and for 72% of the ventral and subthalamic neurons following VTA stimulation. Decreases and, in a few hypothalamic neurons, increases in activity seemed to involve only one or two synapses. The effects of contralateral PAG stimulation on LPA-LH neuronal activity were alos determined. Dose response relations were established for 66% of the LPA-LH neurons following contralateral stimulation. However, results were different in that many more cells were increased with a shorter latency and at a lower threshold following contralateral stimulation. Antidromic responses verified PAG and diencephalic interconnections and revealed relatively slow conduction velocities, less than 1.0 m/sec. Results were discussed in terms of the anatomy of known PAG pathways, PAG neuronal activation vs. PAG fibers of passage, and the functions of midbrain-hypothalamic interconnections in the integration of somatic, visceral and nociceptive sensory inputs. PMID- 7272800 TI - Type of memory or attention? Impairments after lesions of the hippocampus and limbic ventral tegmentum. AB - An animal with an unimpaired "reference" memory can distinguish between alternatives that belong to a rewarded set and those that are unrewarded. An animal with an unimpaired "working" memory can distinguish between alternatives where it has been rewarded (e.g., food has been eaten and not replaced) and those where it will be rewarded. Olton et al. [19] proposed that rats with fimbria fornix or hippocampal damage showed a lasting deficit specific to "working" memory. This hypothesis has been tested for animals with damage to the hippocampus, limbic ventral tegmentum, neocortex and for intact and operated controls on a task where food pellets must be found in four of 16 holes in a "hole-board" arena. Only the first two groups were impaired in acquiring this task. The impairment was marked for both types of "memory." It is proposed that the deficit may, in part, be accounted for by deficits in the selective mechanisms related to attention. PMID- 7272801 TI - The effect of scorpion venom tityustoxin on the uptake of calcium in synaptosomes. AB - The effect of tityustoxin on calcium uptake in synaptosomes incubated in hypotonic medium low sodium and physiological medium high sodium was studied. In the hypotonic medium, calcium uptake was ATP and temperature dependent and TsTX inhibits this uptake. The inhibition of calcium uptake was not due to an osmotic effect since it was also observed in conditions of physiological cell osmolarity. In the physiological medium high sodium, tityustoxin stimulated calcium uptake in synaptosomes. The effect was inhibited by tetrodotoxin and cocaine. The stimulating effect of tityustoxin was specific for sodium concentration in the medium and neither choline nor sucrose could substitute sodium in its activation of the stimulation of calcium uptake in synaptosomes by tityustoxin. PMID- 7272802 TI - Chorda tympani and vagus nerve convergence onto caudal brain stem neurons in the rat. AB - Neurons responsive to chorda tympani (CT) and cervical vagus (CV) nerve stimulation were identified electrophysiologically in the caudal brain stem of the anesthetized rat. All identified dually responsive (CT/CV) neurons included in this study were orthodromically activated by both CT and CV stimulation (n = 80). These cells were located mainly in the lateral nucleus tractus solitarius (nts) or more ventrally in the region of nucleus ambiguus (amb). No CT/CV cells were found to lie clearly within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. Among CT/CV neurons in nts, there was no correlation of response latency to Ct stimulation versus response latency to CV stimulation, while CT/CV neurons found in the region of amb demonstrated a good correlation between the two stimuli and suggested that sensory convergence occurred prior to the level of amb. Conditioning pulses applied to CV were able to alter the neural response of characteristics to CT test pulses in a majority of the units tested. It is concluded that oropharyngeal afferents converge on brain stem neurons that are also responsive to vagal afferent input. These dually responsive CT/CV neurons are implicated in the integration of sensory information relevant for cephalic phase reflexes. PMID- 7272803 TI - Neural damage following retrochiasmatic knife cuts in the rat. AB - In order to define neuronal damage produced by sham, frontal and frontolateral hypothalamic knife cuts known to effect neuroendocrine and behavioral variables, we designed a retractable knife capable of delivering horseradish peroxidase as a cut was being produced. Damaged neurons filled with homogeneous reaction product were found in virtually all hypothalamic nuclei. A similar distribution of damage was produced by frontolateral (FLC), frontal (FC) or sham cuts--the primary differences being the greater density of damaged neurons in hypothalamic nuclei and labeling of the ventral tegmental area of Tsai in FLC and FC animals. The difference between FC and FLC animals was primarily one of degree of damage. The amount of damage produced by the sham surgery is consistent with the idea that sham surgeries produce endocrine dysfunctions intermediate between frontal cut animals and unoperated controls. It is interesting to note that a number of nuclei damaged by these surgeries provide aminergic innervation to the hypothalamus. PMID- 7272804 TI - A comparison of the effects of electrical stimulation of the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus on the activity of neurons in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra. AB - Extracellular unit recordings were obtained from neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the substantia nigra, zona compacta (SNC) and zone reticulata (SNR) of adult female albino rats anaesthetized with urethane and chloral hydrate. Neurons were divided into two types based on their electrophysiological characteristics; Type I neurons had long duration action potentials (greater than 2.6 msec) and slow discharge rates and Type II neurons had shorter duration action potentials and a wider range of discharge rates. Both types of neurons were found in the VTA and SNC, but there were only Type II neurons in the SNR. The effects of single pulse stimuli delivered to the ipsilateral ventromedial (VMH) or lateral (LH) hypothalamic areas on activities of the two types of neurons were investigated. Only a small portion of neurons in the VTA and SNC responded to VMH stimulation, but in contrast a majority of the two types of neurons in the VTA and SNC responded to LH stimulation. Most neurons in the SNR did not respond to VMH and LH stimulation. Type iI neurons in the VTA and SNC were predominantly suppressed by LH stimulation with short onset latencies (less than 6 msec), indicating the possibility of monosynaptic mediation. However Type I neurons in the VTA and SNC were activated and suppressed and the onset latencies of these responses were relatively longer. The high proportion of neurons of VTA and SNC responding to electrical stimulation of LH is consistent with anatomical evidence. Suppression and activation of Type I neurons in VTA and SNC suggest that the LH exerts modulatory influences on these neurons of the midbrain. PMID- 7272806 TI - [Radiobiologic factors modifying the effect of irradiation on tumor cell populations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272805 TI - Toxocara canis and lead alter consummatory behavior in mice. AB - Ingestion of palatable and unpalatable solutions was measured in adult mice in which had been administered the common parasite of the dog, Toxocara canis alone, or in combination with lead. In addition, response to hot plate and susceptibility to electroconvulsive seizure were also measured. Results from the palatability test indicated that either lead or Toxocara may alter the mouse's mode of interacting with its environment. However, the two agents in combination interacted in their effects on consummatory behavior. Results from the hot plate and ECS measures were less clear with respect to how lead and/or Toxocara influence temperature reactivity and seizure susceptibility. Histological examination of the CNS in parasite infected animals revealed Wallerian Type degeneration of fiber pathways including the corpus callosum, olfactory tract, and cerebellar penduncles. PMID- 7272807 TI - [Reticulofugal effects in relation to muscles of extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272808 TI - [Relationship between the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram and the ortogonal electrocardiogram in the Frank lead system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272809 TI - [Relationship between plasma HDL-cholesterol and ECG signs of myocardial ischemia and increased blood pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272810 TI - [Exacerbation of old tularemic foci (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272811 TI - [Changes in the venous flow of the pulmonary circulation in dependence on altitude and loading in patients with bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272812 TI - [Morphological and functional changes in the small intestine after salmonellosis. IV. Electron microscopic and histochemical changes]. PMID- 7272813 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic characteristic of the trichinosis epidemic in the Presov District in 1979. (Therapeutic use of mebendazol) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272814 TI - [Management of two cases of repeatedly unsuccessfully treated hymenolepiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272815 TI - [Torsion of the seminal vesicles (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272816 TI - [Occurrence rate of salmonellosis in Bratislava over the years 1969--1978. I. Basic epidemiologic characteristic of occurrence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7272817 TI - [Current ophthalmological problems. Reports of the 4th ophthalmological seminar of the Remky Eye Clinic, Munich]. PMID- 7272819 TI - [Squint]. PMID- 7272818 TI - [Fluorescein- and indocyanine green angiography, fluorescence electroretinography]. PMID- 7272820 TI - [HLA system]. PMID- 7272821 TI - [Neuro-ophthalmology: diagnosis and surgery]. PMID- 7272822 TI - Lymphocytotoxicity of mouse sera in the course of experimental infection with Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis. PMID- 7272823 TI - Reactivity of lymphocytes in germfree and conventional mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. PMID- 7272824 TI - Chromosome aberrations in X-irradiated and caffeine treated L5178Y-S cells during mitotic delay. PMID- 7272825 TI - Effect of the flow velocity of cell suspension of the adhesion of lymphocytes and L 1210 cells in a glass surface. PMID- 7272827 TI - The influence of anti-Ig antisera on the expression of receptors for DNP34-HSA antigen, IgG or IgM and complement and on the secretion of anti-DNP34-HSA antibodies. PMID- 7272828 TI - Lysozyme activity in the course of experimental trichinellosis in germfree and conventional mice treated with cyclophosphamide. PMID- 7272826 TI - The kinetics of rosette-forming cells production in the primary and secondary response to 2,4-dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin. PMID- 7272829 TI - Scanning electron microscope studies in the small intestine epithelium of germfree and conventional mice after infection with Trichinella spiralis. PMID- 7272830 TI - Macrophage migration inhibition test in germfree and conventional mice infected with Trichinella spiralis larvae. PMID- 7272831 TI - Haematological changes evoked by Trichinella spiralis as an index of the course of trichinellosis in germfree and conventional mice. PMID- 7272832 TI - Host-parasite specificity in experimental trichinellosis models in the aspect of transplantation immunology. PMID- 7272834 TI - Passive diffusion of nucleosides into Micrococcus sodonensis membrane vesicles. AB - Nucleoside entry into isolated membrane vesicles of Micrococcus sodonensis (luteus) was studied using 14C-labelled nucleosides: adenosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine, guanosine, and thymidine. All nucleosides were recovered unmetabolized from the vesicles except adenosine and cytidine which were partly deaminated by membrane-bound enzymes. Vesicle preparations actively transported proline but no energy source was found capable of supporting concentrative nucleoside uptake. The entry of nucleosides into M. sodonensis vesicles was not saturable, nor was there competition between the nucleosides studied for entry. It was concluded that nucleoside entry into M. sodonensis vesicles occurs by passive diffusion. PMID- 7272833 TI - [The new physicians: analysis of a 1977 survey]. PMID- 7272835 TI - Jack bean urease (EC 3.5.1.5). I. A simple dry ashing procedure for the microdetermination of trace metals in proteins. The nickel content of urease. AB - A simple and inexpensive procedure for determination of microgram quantities of metal ions in proteins is described and tested with nickel and iron. The method involves (a) dry ashing in an oxygen atmosphere at 450-460 degrees C in Pyrex vessels, (b) conversion of the metal oxides or other compounds to readily soluble species, and (c) spectrophotometric analysis. An improved procedure for the direct spectrophotometric determination of nickel using dimethylglyoxime is accurate to +/- 2% or better with samples of 1-5 microgram of nickel. These techniques were used to determine that the nickel content of freshly prepared jack bean urease in 2.00 +/- 0.12 g-at./96 600 g protein. The corresponds to 2.0 nickel ions per subunit. This result was confirmed by atomic absorption analysis, which also showed that calcium, manganese, cobalt, and iron are not present in significant amounts in urease. PMID- 7272836 TI - Jack bean urease (EC 3.5.1.5). III. The involvement of active-site nickel ion in inhibition by beta-mercaptoethanol, phosphoramidate, and fluoride. AB - Interaction of beta-mercaptoethanol with urease produces large, rapid and fully reversible spectral changes in that part of the electronic absorption spectrum which is associated with the tightly bound nickel ions. The spectrophotometrically determined value of the dissociation constant of the beta mercaptoethanol-urease complex (0.9 +/- 0.05 mM at pH 7.12 and 25 degrees C) is in agreement with the Ki (0.72 +/- 0.26 mM) for beta-mercaptoethanol acting as a competitive inhibitor in the hydrolysis of urea. This constitutes direct evidence that the nickel in jack bean urease is at the active site. Inhibition of urease by phosphoramidate is slowly achieved and slowly reversed, and upon reactivation of the isolated phosphoramidate-urease complex, phosphoramidate is regenerated in good yield. Spectrophotometric experiments indicate that phosphoramidate binds to nickel ion in urease. Competition with beta-mercaptoethanol was used to determine a dissociation constant (1.23 +/- 0.10 mM at pH 7.12 and 25 degrees C) for a fluoride-evidence is presented which indicates that in the presence of urea, a ternary complex (fluoride-urea-urease) is formed. PMID- 7272837 TI - Systemic control of cattle grubs (Hypoderma spp.) in steers treated with Warbex and weight gains associated with grub control. AB - When applied to yearling steers on November 30, pour-on applications of famphur at 40 or 50 mg/kg were unsatisfactory for systemic grub control as they only reduced the number of warble grubs by 52.2 and 68.4%, respectively. The treatments, which had no adverse effects on the health of steers or cellular constituents of their blood, reduced the whole-blood cholinesterase, with the maximum reduction occurring 15 days after treatment. Low ambient temperatures prevailing at the time of treatment and during the two following weeks might have impeded the absorption of famphur through the skin and reduced its effectiveness for grub control. With the grub damage kept to the minimum by weekly manual removal of warble grubs, the groups treated with famphur at 40 or 50 mg/kg outgained (P less than 0.05) the untreated group by 29.9 and 13.4 kg/steer, respectively, during the posttreatment period of 181 days. These results indicate the economic benefits of grub control. PMID- 7272838 TI - Porcine Haemophilus pleuropneumonia epizootic in southwestern Ontario: clinical, microbiological, pathological and some epidemiological findings. AB - A fibrinous necrotizing pleuropneumonia with a predominant mononuclear cell infiltrate commenced January 1978. The pneumonia, caused by Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae assumed epizootic proportions and affected mainly feeder pigs in the intensive pig rearing area of southwestern Ontario. A few abortions occurred. Winter storms, recent transportation and other potentially stressful situations were associated with herd outbreaks. Broad spectrum antibiotics were usually effective in stopping deaths. PMID- 7272839 TI - The serological response of foals to vaccination against strangles. AB - A group of 100 foals was given either a commercial bacterin or an autogenous vaccine consisting of whole cells and an acid extract of Streptococcus equi. During the study, some of the foals developed clinical strangles. Various sets of sera were collected from these foals prevaccination, during vaccination, postvaccination and postinfection. The serological response of these foals was measured by passive haemagglutination and long chain tests. In foals which remained healthy, the highest titres were reached within one to two months postvaccination with a passive haemagglutination 10 x log2 mean titre of 6.78 and the long chain indices of 4.41. These levels persisted for 120 days postvaccination. Those foals which had clinical strangles exhibited lower passive haemagglutination titres (3.78) at one to two months postimmunization, but rose significantly after recovery. Four ponies immunized with formalinized Str. equi bacterin showed a partial protection against the challenge infection. The passive haemagglutination titres, long chain indices and serum bactericidal activity in these ponies were highest at 35 days postvaccination but did not increase after infection. PMID- 7272840 TI - Some pathophysiological changes associated with infection of Eimeria zuernii in calves. AB - Twelve Holstein-Friesian calves were divided into two groups, one of which was infected with Eimeria zuernii. Fecal oocyst output, weight changes and various blood, cellular, protein and biochemical constituents were examined for both groups. Maximal fecal oocyst output occurred 21 days after infection. Both groups of calves gained weight in a linear fashion until day 21 postinfection when the infected group lost weight rapidly. The packed cell volume of the infected calves appeared markedly reduced. Although there was a reduction in plasma proteins it did not appear significant. There was a significant reduction in plasma Na+ and Cl- ions of the infected calves. There were no significant changes in the other blood constituents examined. PMID- 7272841 TI - Response of cows with lymphoma to the intradermal injection of tumor cell antigens and phytohemagglutinin. AB - Tumor cell-membrane antigens did not elicit specific intradermal reactions in cows with lymphoma and were therefore not effective in identifying animals with tumor. Sixty-two percent (8/13) of cows with lymphoma in the advanced stages of disease responded poorly to the intradermal injection of a nonspecific mitogen (PHA-M) and normal lymphoid cell extracts. This finding may explain the lack of response to the tumor cell extracts that some cows with lymphoma and indicates the presence of immune deficits in animals with lymphoma. Six of eight animals with tumor and poor cutaneous sensitivity had sera that inhibited the blastogenesis of normal lymphocytes. The presence of this inhibitory material is associated with the presence of tumor, not with bovine leukemia virus infection and partially accounts for the relative cutaneous anergy in cattle with lymphoma. PMID- 7272843 TI - Malignant catarrhal fever. I. Response of American cattle to malignant catarrhal virus isolated in Kenya. AB - Fifty-three American cattle were inoculated with malignant catarrhal fever virus isolated from a wildebeest in Kenya. Three animals showed the mild form of the disease and recovered, and 47 showed the severe form of the disease. The other three did not react. Of the 47 cattle, 28 died, 16 were killed for the collection of specimens and three recovered. The incubation period for the 47 cattle ranged from 16 to 29 days and the course of the fatal disease for 28 cattle averaged three to 23 days. Virus titration of specimens from nine infected steers yielded a mean titer of 10(4)/TCID50 per gm for lymph nodes, 10(3) TCID50 per mL for buffy coats and 10(2.3) TCID50 per gm for spleens. Smaller amounts of virus were found in the liver, kidneys, adrenals and thyroids. Malignant catarrhal fever virus was also found in nasal secretions and saliva of viremic cattle. Viral infectivity was shown in bovine buffy coat cells stored at 4 degrees C for two days but was immediately destroyed upon freezing even when glycerine or dimethylsulfoxide was added. Viral particles were not found in infected animal tissues by electron microscopy. The disease was successfully transmitted in steers by intratracheal intubation and by aerosol inhalation but not by contact. PMID- 7272842 TI - Cytotoxic responses of selected insecticides in chick ganglia cultures. AB - Various agricultural chemicals, e.g. pesticides, are known to cause different toxic effects in man and animals. Some of these produce responses involving the nervous tissue. Total of 52 such chemicals, representing organophosphates, carbamates and other miscellaneous insecticides were evaluated to determine their relative cytotoxic effects in avian dorsal root ganglia cultures. Many of these chemicals caused a slight stimulation of cellular growth at very low concentrations. At toxic concentrations, a dose-related but nonspecific inhibition of cell growth occurred. The cytotoxic changes included the decreased migration of cells from the culture implant, varicosities in and shortening of various cells and vacuolization and rounding of neuroglial cells. At high concentrations, pigmentary degeneration and complete abolition of cell growth were observed. The toxic effects were numerically scored in a random blind fashion and the concentrations of individual chemicals to produce a half maximal effect (IC50) in culture were determined from the dose-response curves. The IC50 values for various chemicals ranged from approximately 10(-6) M for compounds like methylparathion, diazinon, paraoxon and Vendex to greater than 10(-2) M for chlorpyriphos and methylchlorpyriphos. No significant correlations of nerve fiber or glial cell cytotoxicity were apparent with other toxic or physico-chemical properties such as lethal dose in animals, cholinesterase inhibition, lipophilicity or water solubility of chemicals. Clinically neurotoxic and nonneurotoxic compounds caused similar cytotoxic effects in ganglia cultures. PMID- 7272844 TI - Use of total and differential somatic cell counts from composite milk samples to detect mastitis in individual cows. AB - The objective of this study was to ascertain the value of variables measured on composite milk samples as predictors of mastitis in individual cows. The standard of comparison was the results obtained from the bacteriological examination of individual quarter foremilk samples. Cows were classified as negative or positive with regard to mastitis on the basis of one quarter sampling only and cows which were impossible to classify in this manner were omitted from subsequent analyses. The variables that were examined were: the presence or absence of specific bacteria, demographic data, and logarithmically transformed total somatic cell counts and percentages of cell volume in channels 7 through 12 of a Coulter Counter. It was found that the inclusion of all variables resulted in correct classification of 95.9% of cows with regard to their mastitis status. Sequential elimination of individual variables or groups of variables in an attempt to simplify the procedure reduced the correct classification to 86.8% when only the log transformation of the total somatic cell count and the demographic data were included. The ability of a function which included the logarithm of the total somatic cell count, the logarithm of the percentage in channel 8 and demographic data, to classify cows was examined in detail and the sensitivity and specificity of the function also discussed. It is also shown that with increasing age the minimum total somatic cell count required to classify a cow as positive increased and possible explanations of this phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 7272845 TI - Failure to detect soluble tumor associated antigen by radioimmunoassay in bovine lymphoma. AB - The detection of circulating soluble tumor-associated antigen by radioimmunoassay was attempted in cows with lymphoma. The assay system did detect PAGE-purified tumor-associated antigen but did not detect immunoreactive substances in the sera of 20 affected animals and 20 normal cattle. Similarly, ultrafiltration of low pH dissociated serum to separate immune complexes did not aid in the detection of antigen. PMID- 7272846 TI - Failure of a subunit bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine to protect against experimental respiratory disease in calves. AB - In two experiments in which 31 calves were used, a bovine herpesvirus 1 subunit vaccine previously shown to elicit a strong immunological response in adult cattle failed to do so in younger animals and failed to protect against pneumonia caused by sequential exposure to virulent bovine herpesvirus 1 and Pasteurella haemolytica aerosols. One of the experimental groups had been previously inoculated with a live commercial vaccine but even this failed to elicit a strong immunological response. These results indicate that the calves were in a refractory state when immunized and may explain why similar vaccine failures occur in the field. PMID- 7272848 TI - Copper-induced skeletal myopathy in rabbits. AB - Doses of 1.66 mg Cu/kg/day, as cupric acetate in aqueous solution, were injected intramuscularly into the lateral thigh muscles of rabbits. The rate of loss of Cu from the injection site was estimated from in vivo measurements of 64Cu injected on the 15th day. Biological half-life values were 1.0 h for the first component (accounting for 65.2% of the 64 Cu) and 14.6 h for the second component (34.8% of the 64Cu). For the control group, values were 0.8 h and 62.2%, 14.6 h and 37.8%. Grossly visible lesions of dermatitis were noted on the paws, i.e. at sites removed from the site of injection, in some rabbits injected with Cu acetate two days post injectionem (p.i.). Histologically detectable lesions of acute inflammation were seen as early as 24 hours p.i. at the injection site of rabbits which had been exposed to the Cu once. Multiple injections and longer time periods resulted in lesions of acute and chronic inflammation. Cu was detected by the use of rubeanic acid stain. Signs of muscle degeneration and regeneration were seen as early as three days p.i. in rabbits which had received two injections of Cu. Rabbits which had been killed six days p.i. after a single injection showed chronic inflammatory changes and newly formed myofibres. Rabbits which had been killed 37 days p.i. after 17 injections showed lesions of acute and chronic inflammation of muscle and surrounding connective tissue, as well as signs of muscle regeneration. The gangrene visible grossly was attributed to the ischaemia caused by conglomerations of Cu. PMID- 7272847 TI - Synovial immunoglobulin and antibody in vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves challenged with Mycoplasma bovis. AB - Intravenous injection of Mycoplasma bovis produced in calves arthritis with synovial infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. Necrosis was observed focally around blood vessels. Joint spaces contained fibrinopurulent exudate. Parenterally vaccinated calves had a markedly reduced frequency of arthritic joints. Immunoglobulin classes and specific antibody in joint fluids were quantitatively less than in sera but significantly greater in arthritic than in normal joints. The possible mechanisms of induction of joint fluid antibody are discussed. PMID- 7272849 TI - Mediocrity of surgical education. PMID- 7272850 TI - Carcinoid in a rectal duplication: a unique pediatric surgical problem. AB - Since 1935 at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, 13 cases of carcinoid have been seen as incidental findings in the appendix, but carcinoids of the rectum have never previously been reported in childhood. The authors report a child with a rectal duplication in which this tumour was found. The rationale for local resection of the duplication with its contained carcinoid is understood in the light of the principles for treatment of intestinal carcinoids in general and carcinoids of the rectum in particular. Two years after operation the child is well without signs of local or systemic recurrence. PMID- 7272851 TI - Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in children. AB - Because of its rarity in children the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia due to trauma is often delayed, sometimes resulting in gastrointestinal or respiratory complaints or obstruction of the small intestine. Eleven children with rupture of the diaphragm were seen between 1950 and 1977. All injuries were due to blunt trauma sustained in automobile-related accidents; all involved the left hemidiaphragm. Nine children had associated injuries, most commonly fractures, and injury to the head and spleen. In six children the diaphragmatic rupture was recognized and treated at the time of injury. The other five presented with gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms from 2 months to 3 years after the trauma. Repair was through the abdomen in 10 patients and the chest in 1. There was only one death from an associated severe craniocerebral injury. Complications developed in five surviving patients but were relatively minor. PMID- 7272853 TI - Symposium on the management of early breast cancer (stages I and II). Part II: Clinical experience with treatment methods. 3. Conventional surgery and radiotherapy. AB - Conservative surgery (local tumour excision) for early breast cancer gives long term survival rates comparable to those after radical treatment. Irradiation postoperatively reduces recurrence in the breast by at least 50%. The value of irradiating the internal mammary nodes in patients whose lymphoscintogram confirms the presence of cancer in these nodes remains to be determined. Radical surgery does not improve the survival rate and excessively radical radiotherapy may induce morbidity equal to the operation it is intended to replace. The demise of radical surgery is predicted and a plea made for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy, or both, for high-risk patients following conservative treatment. PMID- 7272852 TI - [Symposium on the management of early breast cancer (stages I and II). Part II: Clinical experience with treatment methods. 2. Conservative surgery followed by cobalt therapy in the treatment of breast cancer]. AB - At the Institut Curie in Paris 452 invasive breast cancers (T1 and T2 less than 3 cm in diameter) were managed conservatively. The patients were treated by "conservative" surgery with or without axillary dissection. All received radiotherapy postoperatively. The 5-year survival without evidence of disease was 86% (249 cases). The survival at 10 years was 77% (93 cases). These statistics are comparable to those obtained by total mastectomy with axillary clearance. The local recurrence rate was 14.5%, most of these patients being "curable" by radical surgery. There was evidence of isolated axillary node metastases in only 2% of the patients. Radiotherapy is therefore effective in treating subclinical node invasion which was observed in 30% of axillary specimens. The cosmetic results were satisfactory in 80% and complications were rare. Follow-up of these patients is difficult and must be rigorous including clinical examination and mammography and, in case of doubt, cytology by aspiration or "Tru-cut" biopsy. The authors conclude that this conservative method, in addition to its cosmetic and emotional advantages, allows us to treat with as much security as radical surgery, the early cancers of the breast (T1 and T2 less than 3 cm in diameter), with no clinically suspicious node metastases. PMID- 7272854 TI - Liposarcoma: the Manitoba experience. AB - In a retrospective review all cases of liposarcoma recorded in the province of Manitoba from 1944 to 1978 were studied. There were 104 patients. Follow-up was obtained in all. Sites of tumour were peripheral limb in 45 patients, limb girdle in 15, retroperitoneal area in 23 and trunk and neck in 21. Fifty-seven percent of the patients were men: the disease was most commonly found in patients aged 50 to 69 years. Initial treatment was excision in 96 patients with irradiation in 26 and chemotherapy in 6. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 60% and 49% respectively. In those who had definitive surgery the prognosis was somewhat better, while radiotherapy had little beneficial effect. Prognosis was also related to the pathologic type; well differentiated and myxoid types had a better prognosis than round cell or pleomorphic tumours. Trunk and peripheral limb tumours were associated with higher survival rates than limb girdle or retroperitoneal neoplasms. At least 37 patients had local recurrences; distant metastases occurred in at least 26, most commonly to the lungs, bones and liver. Unusual cases consisted of a patient with a multicentric tumour involving bones, a young boy with a neck liposarcoma and a woman with a breast liposarcoma. PMID- 7272855 TI - Falciform ligament aperture causing intestinal strangulation. AB - In rare cases intestinal obstruction may be caused by herniation of small bowel through a defect in the falciform ligament. Such a case was that of a 28-year-old woman who had a 26-week twin pregnancy. She had acute upper abdominal pain. The diagnosis was acute appendicitis, but at operation a loop of ileum was found to have passed through an aperture in the falciform ligament. The loop was gangrenous and required resection. Her course was complicated by delivery of two infants on the day after operation; one died within a few hours and the other 4 months later. The patient recovered after a second operation 2 weeks later for small bowel obstruction due to adhesions. Only six other patients with this anomaly have been reported. Two were neonates. Three patients died. This complication of pregnancy has not been described before. Dislocation of the small intestine by the enlarged uterus may have contributed to the herniation. Prompt operation is mandatory in this condition as in any case of closed-loop bowel obstruction. PMID- 7272856 TI - Laceration of superior vena cava due to blunt trauma: successful surgical management. AB - Injuries of the superior vena cava are usually due to penetrating trauma. Injuries due to blunt trauma are rare. The diagnosis of superior vena caval injuries, which may be intrapericardial or extrapericardial, is usually made retrospectively. In the case described in this report the patient, a 21-year-old man, sustained an intrapericardial laceration due to blunt trauma. The patient was managed successfully by median sternotomy and immediate control of the bleeding. PMID- 7272857 TI - Osteitis pubis: an unusual complication of herniorrhaphy. AB - Osteitis pubis is a well known complication of urologic and gynecologic procedures but its association with herniorrhaphy is poorly documented in the literature. A 55-year-old man underwent herniorrhaphy for a direct inguinal hernia, followed in 48 hours by herniorrhaphy for a femoral hernia. One week later he complained of pain in the pubic area and over the ischial tuberosities, had intermittent fever and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Roentgenograms showed changes typical of osteitis pubis with widening of the symphysis pubis, loss of definition of the adjacent cortical surfaces and involvement of the ischial tuberosities. There ws no evidence of infection in the urinary tract or elsewhere. The patient was treated with indomethacin and showed clinical and radiologic improvement over the next 6 months. It is possible that in this case two operative interventions involving structures inserting into the pubic bones and performed within a short time of each other exposed this patient to an unusual complication. PMID- 7272858 TI - Computerized axial tomography to demonstrate occult fractures of the acetabulum in children. AB - Following hip trauma in children an intra-articular osteocartilaginous fragment may be retained within the hip joint. This fragment may not be visualized by plain films or arthrography. However, computerized tomography clearly demonstrated such fragments in the two children with post-traumatic painful hips reported in this paper. PMID- 7272859 TI - Ascending aorta to bifemoral artery bypass. AB - In certain patients the standard bypass procedure for aortoiliac occlusion is unsuitable. Included in this group are those who are obese, who have horseshoe kidneys, abnormal renal arteries, large incisional hernias, thoracoabdominal coarctation, failed previous aortoiliac repair or who have undergone multiple laparotomies. Since 1975 the authors have operated on 16 such patients to construct a bypass graft from the ascending aorta to the femoral arteries without entering the abdominal cavity. The new ventral aorta follows the natural anastomotic axis of the mammary and epigastric arteries, behind the rectus muscle and in front of the posterior rectus sheath. The operation is simple and effective and is especially applicable to the patient with obstruction of both the coronary and aortoiliac arteries. PMID- 7272860 TI - Revision of total knee replacement. AB - In the London and Toronto areas between 1969 and 1978, 597 patients had 661 cemented knee replacements. Eighty-nine (13.5%) prostheses failed; 73 of them were revised. Nineteen (2.9%) failed primarily because of infection. The revised replacements were examined and rated using a modification of the British rating system. The overall results of revision were excellent or good in 30% and fair or poor in 52%. Fusion was attempted in two patients after revision. In 16 patients with failed replacements that were not revised, fusion was attempted in 9; 4 of the 16 patients had amputation. The results of failure in knee replacement surgery are similar to those of hip replacement, but are helped considerably by lower patient expectation. PMID- 7272861 TI - Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - Treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms should be aggressive because less than 50% of untreated patients will be alive 3 years after diagnosis and most will die from ruptured aneurysm. In an effort to reduce the incidence of rupture, all abdominal aortic aneurysms should be excised unless the patient has a short life expectancy or very serious medical problems. In a series of 36 patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm the mortality was 42%. The main risk factors were blood loss, acute renal failure and major venous trauma. Multiple organ failure, which occurred in 8 of 15 patients often presents a therapeutic dilemma and worsens the prognosis. PMID- 7272862 TI - Bicycle injuries among children. PMID- 7272863 TI - Probucol: a weak hypocholesterolemic agent. PMID- 7272864 TI - Alcohol use during pregnancy: a challenge for the '80s. PMID- 7272866 TI - Attitudes of Ontario psychiatrists towards health insurance. AB - In 1979 the opinions of Ontario psychiatrists were sought regarding the influence of the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) on the practice of their specialty. Full replies to a 44-item questionnaire were received from more than half the certified psychiatrists in Ontario, half of whom had been in practice before the introduction of OHIP. Both satisfaction and uneasiness were expressed about most aspects of health insurance. Many of the 416 psychiatrists stated that OHIP had improved access to psychiatric care, providing a more socially diverse practice, especially with respect to psychotherapy. Only one quarter believed that OHIP constituted a major intrusion on the doctor-patient relationship, and the majority reported that OHIP had been beneficial to themselves as psychiatrists (70%) and to their patients (86%). Almost half reported having raised their concern about the confidentiality of OHIP records with their patients; the patients less often brought up the issue. Although most psychiatrists in practice before the introduction of OHIP reported no change in their conduct of psychotherapy, a minority reported a decrease in the duration of treatment and an increase in the frequency of missed appointments. Also noted was an increase in the number of referrals for consultation, which led at times to overutilization of these specialists' services. PMID- 7272865 TI - Identifying and treating pregnant patients at risk from alcohol. AB - Heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy has been associated with retardation of fetal growth and abnormal fetal development. Pregnant women whose offspring are at risk because of alcohol abuse can be identified and counselled by health professional providing prenatal care. Offspring born to women who had been drinking heavily and subsequently abstained from or reduced their intake of alcohol before the third trimester demonstrated improvements in growth and in regulation of sleep-awake states. The existing health care delivery system can be modified in a cost-effective manner to treat pregnant women who are problem drinkers. Physicians' attitudes and behaviour are critical for the success of this strategy. PMID- 7272868 TI - Rash resembling anaphylactoid purpura as the initial manifestation of meningococcemia. PMID- 7272867 TI - Monthly plasmapheresis for systemic lupus erythematosus with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis: a pilot study. AB - Twelve patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and biopsy-proved diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis were randomly allocated to a control group (to continue receiving conventional therapy only) or to a plasmapheresis group (to receive conventional therapy along with one 4-I plasma exchange a month). The six patients treated with plasmapheresis had better preservation of renal function, reduced disease activity, fewer admissions to hospital and less need for steroid and immunosuppressive therapy than the six control patients. The patients treated with plasmapheresis also showed evidence of reduced immunologic activity and had no side effects attributable to the plasma exchange. These results suggest that monthly plasma exchange should be assessed in a controlled randomized trial as a possible therapeutic adjunct in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7272869 TI - Proficiency at hemoglobinometry in Ontario laboratories between 1975 and 1979. PMID- 7272870 TI - Medicine for the jet set. PMID- 7272871 TI - Opting out: the spectre of overdue accounts. PMID- 7272872 TI - Asbestos and public health. PMID- 7272873 TI - College of Family Physicians of Canada's position on family medicine certification. PMID- 7272874 TI - How to prevent burns from an exploding battery. PMID- 7272875 TI - Serum theophylline levels after influenza vaccination. PMID- 7272877 TI - Persistent excretion of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. PMID- 7272876 TI - Toxic shock and intercourse. PMID- 7272878 TI - Four perspectives on depression and the depressive illnesses. PMID- 7272880 TI - Caroli's disease: case report and management recommendations. PMID- 7272879 TI - Pneumococcal serotypes causing bacteremia and meningitis: relevance to composition of pneumococcal vaccine. AB - The capsular type of 160 strains of pneumococci isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid of patients in Alberta and Ontario between June 1978 and August 1980 was determined. Of the 83 known serotypes 36 were represented, and the type distribution was similar to that reported from the United Kingdom and the United States. Although only 111 (69.3%) of the strains belonged to the serotypes represented in the licensed pneumococcal vaccine, if related types within the same serogroup are also included 132 (82.5%) of the strains belonged to the types or groups represented in the vaccine, However, because the vaccine is not recommended for persons aged less than 2 years, from whom 30 strains were isolated, and because 28 strains from those 2 years of age and older were of nonvaccine types or groups, one can presume that 58 (36.3%) of the 160 bacteremic and meningitic infections would not have been prevented by prior vaccination, even if the vaccine were completely effective. PMID- 7272881 TI - Why not become an anesthetist? PMID- 7272882 TI - Current status of urea-formaldehyde foam insulation. PMID- 7272883 TI - A more balanced approach to prenatal education. PMID- 7272884 TI - Acid rain and the eye. PMID- 7272885 TI - Present status of clofibrate in Canada. PMID- 7272886 TI - Management of normal labour and delivery in the case room: a critical appraisal. PMID- 7272887 TI - Labour is still painful after prepared childbirth training. AB - Labour pain was measured with the McGill Pain Questionnaire in 87 primiparas and 54 multiparas. The average intensity of labour pain ranked among the most intense pains recorded with the questionnaire. However, the pain scores had a wide range and were influenced by several medical and social variables. They were significantly higher for the primiparas than for the multiparas. Moreover, high pain levels were associated with a history of menstrual difficulties and lower socioeconomic status. The primiparas who had received prepared childbirth training had lower pain scores than those who had received no such training. Nevertheless, the effects of prepared childbirth training were relatively small, and most patients (81%) who received it requested epidural anesthesia. Because many women who received training suffered severe pain during labour, prepared childbirth training and epidural anesthesia should be regarded as compatible, complementary procedures. PMID- 7272888 TI - Hormone dependency of breast cancer. AB - Quantitative determination of the estrogen receptor (estrophilin) content of an excised tumor specimen provides information useful in selecting the type of systemic therapy best suited to the individual patient with advanced breast cancer. Women whose tumors contain low or negligible amounts of estrophilin rarely respond to endocrine ablation or other hormone therapy, whereas most but not all patients with receptor-rich cancers receive benefit from endocrine treatment. Properly interpreted, estrophilin assay predicts hormone dependency correctly in 85 to 90 percent of the cases. Analysis of the primary tumor at the time of mastectomy not only serves as a guide to subsequent therapy if metastases should appear but it also provides a clue to the probability and rapidity of recurrence. Because present methods for receptor determination have certain limitations, we are developing an immunoassay, based on monoclonal antibodies to human estrophilin, that promises to provide a simple, inexpensive procedure for the routine analysis of breast cancer specimens. PMID- 7272889 TI - Searches for ultimate chemical carcinogens and their reactions with cellular macromolecules. AB - Studies on a variety of chemical carcinogens have demonstrated that their ultimate reactive and carcinogenic forms are strong electrophiles. Some carcinogens, such as alkylating agents, are in their ultimate forms as administered, but most require metabolism to these active derivatives. The ultimate carcinogens react, usually non-enzymatically, with nucleophilic constituents in vivo. Of particular interest in regard to their possible importance in carcinogenesis have been the covalent interactions of these electrophilic reactants with cellular informational macromolecules, the DNAs, RNAs, and proteins. Current data are consistent with the idea that the initiation step of chemical carcinogenesis is a mutagenic event and is caused by alteration of DNA by the ultimate carcinogens. The nature of the carcinogen metabolite(s) involved in the promotion phase has not been determined, but there appears to be no requirement that they be electrophilic. The development of the concept of ultimate chemical carcinogens as strong electrophilic reactants is reviewed, especially with respect to the studies carried in the authors' laboratory. PMID- 7272890 TI - Cancer prevention as a realizable goal. PMID- 7272891 TI - Surgical adjuvant therapy in colon carcinoma: a human tumor spheroid model for evaluating radiation sensitizing agents. AB - HT-29 human colon tumor cells growing as spheroids have been evaluated as a model system for measuring the response of human colon tumor cell to antineoplastic agents. HT-29 cells have been capacity to form spheroids up to 1 mm or more in diameter when grown in spinner culture. The multicellular HT-29 spheroids develop hypoxic centers reflecting the cellular conditions found in human cancer treatment, i.e., nutritionally deficient hypoxic cells that are felt to be a significant source of both radiation and chemotherapy clinical treatment failures. Spheroids of increasing size were radiated and then dispersed into single cells for colony survival assay. Compared with irradiated single cell suspensions, the spheroid cells demonstrated a significant increase in radioresistance. Growing spheroids developed a complex radiation survival curve which was variable with respect to size of the spheroid. The drug 5-Fu was studied to examine in a preliminary fashion its interaction with these resistant cell fractions. In direct cytotoxicity assay, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) exhibited both cytotoxic and cytostatic effects when the drug was present at a concentration greater than 0.4 microgram/ml. The interaction of 5-FU with x-rays in the HT-29 spheroids was complex and dependent on the type of assay employed (spheroid size versus clonogenicity). The effect of allopurinol, an agent that protects cells from 5-FU toxicity was examined. Allopurinol at a concentration of 100 microgram/ml was found to protect these human colonic carcinoma cells from the cytotoxic effects of 5-FU under conditions resembling those found in vivo. Overall, this HT-29 spheroid system appears to b an interesting model for studying a variety of drug/x-ray interactions in vitro and may prove capable of answering specific questions of preclinical and clinical relevance. PMID- 7272892 TI - Estrogen receptor protein in breast cancer as a predictor of recurrence. AB - Estrogen receptor protein (ERP) determinations of primary cancers of 1034 patients with primary breast cancer were done. ERP-positive patients tended to have a lower recurrence rate and had significantly improved survival. This difference was most apparent in patients with four or more axillary nodes involved. ERP-positive patients who recurred had a better survival. ERP did not influence response that adjuvant chemotherapy, nor did the presence of progesterone receptor or femtomole level of ERP affect recurrence. PMID- 7272893 TI - Conservative surgery and postoperative radiotherapy in 300 adults with soft tissue sarcomas. AB - From January 1963 through December 1977, 300 adults with soft-tissue sarcomas were treated by a conservative surgical excision and postoperative radiotherapy. The absolute two- and five-year disease-free survival rates are 74% (222/300) and 61.3% (103/168), respectively. The five-year survival rate varies with: (1) anatomic site, e.g., 69.4% (75/108) for extremity lesions vs. 33% (5/15) for abdominal lesions; (2) histopathologic diagnosis, e.g., 86.4% (19/22) for fibrosarcoma vs. 50% (15/30) for neurofibrosarcoma; and (3) stage of the lesion. The overall local recurrence rate was 22.3% (67/300) and 27% (81/300) of the patients developed distant metastases. The incidence of lymph node metastases as an initial site of spread was only 2.7% (8/300); therefore, elective treatment of the regional lymphatics is not indicated. The 6.5% incidence of significant complications in extremities is low and might be further diminished by careful treatment planning. The combination of conservative surgery and postoperative radiation therapy maintains a functional limb in 84.5% (169/200) of patients with extremity lesions. This rate is comparable to the five-year survival rate attained with radical surgery. PMID- 7272894 TI - Advanced breast cancer - additive hormonal therapy. AB - Increased response rates with nonhormonal combination chemotherapy have led many oncologists to deprecate the use of hormonal therapy in the management of advanced breast cancer. The estrogen and progesterone receptor assay, on the one hand, has restimulated the enthusiasm for hormonal therapy when positive, but conversely when negative suggests that their use is precluded from further consideration. The author's thoughts on the continuing employment of additive hormonal therapy for almost all patients, either singly or in combination with other hormonal and nonhormonal drugs, with minimal restrictions imposed by hormonal assays or sites of disease will be presented. A short review of estrogen, androgens, progestins, Teslac, and corticosteroids will be offered. The ease of administration of hormones and the increase in recurrent disease survival in responders compared with nonhormonal therapy strongly indicate that additive hormonal therapy still has a major role in the management of the advanced breast cancer patient. PMID- 7272895 TI - Acute acoustic nerve palsy associated with vincristine therapy. AB - A 73-year-old woman with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had two episodes of severe, bilateral, sensori-neural hearing loss after vincristine therapy. Her hearing gradually, then completely returned 2-3 months after the vincristine therapy was discontinued. Bilateral ear infections, central nervous system lymphoma and infection, or other drug-induced neuropathies were excluded as possible etiologies for the deafness. Bilateral acoustic (VIII) nerve palsy in this patient was most likely a manifestation of vincristine neurotoxicity. PMID- 7272897 TI - Radioactive colloidal gold in the treatment of endometrial cancer: Mayo Clinic experience, 1952-1976. AB - A review of 1670 patients with endometrial cancer who were treated between 1952 and 1976 revealed that 15 patients had received radioactive colloidal gold as an adjunct to surgery. Most of the patients had follow-up more than ten years, and all had microscopic tumor contamination of the peritoneal cavity. Of the 15 patients, 13 had biopsy of peritoneal metastases and underwent resection of gross metastatic lesions that were more than 2 mm in diameter. The other two patients had direct extension of the tumor through the uterus into the peritoneal cavity without visible metastasis. The radiogold was inserted from 4-37 days after the initial surgical procedure. The dosage ranged from 100-140 mCi. At follow-up, from 11 years seven months to 24 years two months after treatment, seven patients were alive without evidence of disease. Three died of intercurrent disease, 16 years, and 14 years, and 14 years two months after treatment. Five patients died of cancer, two with local recurrence and three with distant metastases to lung or bone (or both). PMID- 7272898 TI - Constitutive heterochromatin polymorphisms in patients with malignant diseases. AB - The frequency of constitutive heterochromatin heteromorphisms was assessed in peripheral blood cultures of 23 patients with various malignant diseases and in their respective controls, formed by cancer-free same sex siblings of the propositi. The results showed no significant differences between the cancer and the control groups, except for chromosome 1 in breast cancer, where polymorphisms were more frequent in the controls than in the patients. Our results do not support previous data reported by others, and although there are differences in the type of malignancies studied by us and them, we believe that our control group is a more appropriate one for this particular type of study. PMID- 7272896 TI - Protected environment - prophylactic antibiotic program for malignant sarcomas: randomized trial during remission induction chemotherapy. AB - Fifty-one valuable patients with malignant sarcomas were randomly allocated to receive three courses of remission induction chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin, and dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (CYVADIC) on the protected environment-prophylactic antibiotic for the control group (P = 0.22). The response rates (complete plus partial) were 71% and 67%, respectively. The durations of response were similar for both groups of patients, but the PEPA patients survived substantially longer (median, 84 weeks vs. 58 weeks). The frequency of infection was significantly lower among the PEPA patients, and the doses of CYVADIC could be escalated more often among these patients. Dosage escalation was associated with a higher complete remission rate and lower fatality rate. PMID- 7272899 TI - Kinetic and morphologic alterations in the colon of a patient with multiple polyposis. AB - The histologic and proliferative characteristics of 16 colonic biopsies taken from an operative specimen of a 38-year-old female patient with multiple polyposis are presented. Kinetic measurements are based on 3HTdR incorporation accomplished in vitro, using both single and double labelling techniques. Epithelial cells in adenomatous tissue were more actively engaged in DNA synthesis than those normal-appearing mucosa (L.I.13.0 +/- 6.9 versus 9.3 +/- 1.6); however, because of extreme variability between biopsies, the difference was not significant. No difference in S phase duration was found, but a faster turnover time (Tg) than that in the normal appearing colonic mucosa was estimated (Tg 52.6 hours versus 74.2 hours). Only two of ten biopsies containing normal appearing mucosa had a completely normal incorporation pattern with proliferative cells located only in the lower two thirds of crypts. Eight biopsies showed extension of the proliferative compartment to the luminal surface. One of these eight also expressed an additional proliferative defect, namely, a shift of the major zone of DNA synthesis to the middle and upper regions of the crypts. This specimen had been located adjacent to an area of microscopic adenoma. Subpopulations of labelled epithelial cells showing transition from normal to hyperplastic or to adenomatous appearance were in the otherwise normal-appearing crypts. The majority of labelled hyperplastic-appearing cells occupied the lower thirds of the crypts, whereas 68% of labelled adenomatous-appearing cells were located in the middle and upper zones of the glands. Based on these observations, the development of an adenoma is believed forecast by the redistribution of the proliferative compartment toward the surface. A further stage in tumorogenesis before the appearance of a focus of neoplasia is the emergence of actively proliferating cells transforming to a more adenomatous appearance primarily in that same location, that is, the middle and upper third of the colonic crypts. PMID- 7272901 TI - Cervical carcinoma in Malawi: a histopathologic study of 260 cases. AB - Cervical carcinoma is the commonest malignancy seen in histopathologic material from Malawi. Between 1975 and 1978, 460 cases were diagnosed, of which 431 were invasive squamous carcinomas. These were reviewed for degree of differentiation and placed into three histologic types. Large cell non-keratinizing carcinoma was the commonest type, and presented at an earlier clinical stage than either large cell keratinizing or small cell non-keratinizing tumors. Of all tumors, 2.8% showed a massive eosinophil infiltrate which was not related to schistosome infection. The clinicopathologic features of cervical carcinoma in Malawi appear to be similar to those found in the United States and Europe. PMID- 7272900 TI - DNCB reactivity and prognosis in 419 patients with malignant melanoma. AB - Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to 2,3-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was tested in 419 patients with malignant melanoma to determine whether DNCB reactivity was associated with prognosis. At the time of definitive surgery, a positive DNCB test was seen in 82% of the patients in State I (regional lymph node histologically negative) and in 81% of patients in Stage II (regional lymph node positive). A positive DNCB test, obtained at the time of staging in patients with more advanced disease, was seen in 70% of patients in State III (metastases in, at most, on internal organ) and in 68% of patients in Stage IV (metastases in more internal organ). Using the chi 2 test, the trend of a decrease in DNCB reactivity from Stage I to Stage IV is significant (P less than 0.04). In regard to DNCB reactivity and prognosis, the following statistical differences (P less than 0.05) were obtained: In Stage II, the recurrence distribution for DNCB positive patients is more favorable than for DNCB-negative patients (estimated median time to recurrence 16 vs. 7 months); the survival distribution again in Stage II was more favorable for DNCB-positive patients tha DNCB-negative patients (estimated survival time 31 vs. 18 months). When the group of State II patients was divided into subgroups with different prognoses (state of primary at the time of lymphadenectomy), a survival advantage was seen in all substages but was statistically significant (P less than 0.05) only in Stage II d (regional lymph node involvement diagnosed more than two months after resection of primary melanoma). The results of DNCB tests in patients with malignant melanoma correlate with stage of disease and, in Stage II, with prognosis. PMID- 7272902 TI - Lymphoblastic lymphoma in adults. AB - Clinical and cytogenetic studied were done on 12 patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma. The ages of the patients ranged from 17 to 58 years (median, 24.5 years). Males predominated by a ration of 5:1. Ten of the 12 patients had a mediastinal mass at diagnosis; two thirds of the patients had involvement of the bone marrow (3 of 12 patients initially were in a leukemic phase), and 5 of 12 patients had involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) with lymphoma. In all patients, the malignant cells were characterized by nuclear convolutions. Cytogenetic studies done on four patients showed clonal chromosome abnormalities in two cases. Six of the 12 patients were treated with the combination chemotherapy regimen COPA and received CNS prophylaxis; their survival was slightly longer than that of the other patients, who were treated with a variety of treatment regimens. Two of the 12 patients achieved a complete remission. The median survival of all patients was 11.5 months but was shorter in patients with initial CNS involvement or leukemia. The poor results achieved thus far in the treatment of this disease demand a new therapeutic approach. PMID- 7272904 TI - Tru-cut needle biopsy of abdominal tumors in children: a safe and diagnostic procedure. AB - Fifteen children with inoperable abdominal malignancies underwent percutaneous biopsy. Both fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core biopsies using a cutting needle were obtained. In 5 of the 15 specimens obtained by FNA, the material obtained showed malignant cells but did not allow a precise diagnosis to be made. In a sixth case, the diagnosis made on a FNA specimen proved to be incorrect. In contrast, all 15 specimens obtained with a cutting needle were diagnostic. No complications were observed following these procedures. Core biopsies appear to be a safe and reliable means of obtaining tissue for diagnosis in children with inoperable solid abdominal masses. PMID- 7272903 TI - Carcinoma of the cervix in Southwestern American indians: results of a cytologic detection program. AB - Age-specific detection rates for newly diagnosed in situ and invasive uterine cervical carcinoma were determined in a nine-year cytologic cancer detection program during which 34,700 Southwestern American Indian women and 46,200 medically indigent non-Indian women were screening for cervical cancer. For patients less than 35 years of age, cervical carcino a was found more frequently among Indians and Spanish-American Caucasians than among other Caucasian women. At ages 60 and older, the Indian cervical cancer rate was much higher than that of non-Indians. The detection rate for invasive cervical carcinoma among Indian patients is inversely related to the proportion screened at 30 years of age or older. Although at least 60% of Indian women 20 years old, and older, in the geographic area served by the detection program were screened for cervical cancer during the nine-year period, only 27% of those 50 years or older were screened. The age-related variation in screening percentage, in conjunction with the disproportionately large numbers of younger low-risk women, serves to explain the finding of significant invasive cervical carcinoma in an extensively screened population. PMID- 7272905 TI - Demographic characteristics of cancer of the pancreas: mortality, incidence, and survival. AB - Mortality and incidence rates for pancreatic cancer in the United States were examined by various demographic characteristics. Disease rates have continued to increase over time but at a much slower pace than in earlier years. Most recently available rates for blacks were significantly higher than for whites and rates for males of each race were higher than for females. Income and education levels had little influence on incidence rates among either blacks or whites. Incidence rates were not significantly higher in urban as compared with rural areas of Iowa and Colorado. The two-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer was about 5% in recent years and did not vary significantly by race or sex. Smoking and diabetes, the two risk factors most consistently associated with the pancreatic cancer, explain only a small proportion of the disease. Much epidemiologic work remains to be done. PMID- 7272906 TI - Cancer of the pancreas among asbestos insulation workers. PMID- 7272907 TI - Epidemiology of pancreas cancer in Los Angeles. AB - The characteristics of the 3614 Los Angeles County residents in whom cancer of the exocrine pancreas was diagnosed during the period 1972-1977 were compared with those of all county residents and patients in whom any cancer was diagnosed during the same period. Seventy-nine percent of the diagnoses had been pathologically verified. This disease still preferentially afflicts the old, the black, and men, although the differences in risk with factors other than age are modest. The disease is not evenly distributed by social class, or over time, although it is not clear that the observed differences reflect etiology. The distributions with respect to important categories of occupation and industry, religion, marital status, geography of residence, and birthplace were rather uniform. Although there is no obvious explanation for any of several unexpected minor inequities in the pattern of incidence, there is no compelling evidence to support any specific environmental cause. There is substantial evidence which is inconsistent with those environmental hypotheses that have been proposed previously. PMID- 7272908 TI - Human pancreatic cancer: analysis of proteins contained in pancreatic juice by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7272910 TI - Early changes in regenerating hamster pancreas following a single dose of N nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl)amine (NBOP) administered at the peak of DNA synthesis. AB - A single dose of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine, a carcinogen for hamster pancreas, was administered to hamsters with regenerating pancreas 60 hours after initiation of regeneration when the maximum number of acinar cells are in S phase of the cell cycle. This led to nucleolar segregation and mitotic abnormalities from which the acinar cells quickly recovered. Two months later there was moderate pancreatic atrophy in which there were populations of acinar cells containing a variable complement of zymogen granules. In addition, there were nests of eosinophilic cells of unknown derivation which, though disposed in configurations resembling acinar cells, differed distinctly from them. They were devoid of the rich concentric lamellar arrays of ER and zymogen granules characteristic of acinar cells. In addition, differences existed in the chromatin pattern of their nuclei and the number and morphology of their mitochondria. These results suggest that NBOP induced the emergence of a new cell population with a phenotype distinctly different from any of the component cells of normal hamster pancreas. PMID- 7272909 TI - Transplantable pancreatic acinar carcinoma. AB - Fragments of the nafenopin-induced pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma of rat have been examined in vitro for patterns of intracellular protein transport and carbamylcholine-induced protein discharge. Continuous incubation of the fragments with [3H]-leucine for 60 minutes resulted in labeling of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi cisternae, and mature zymogen granules, revealed by electron microscope autoradiography. This result indicates transport of newly synthesized protein from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to mature zymogen granules in approximately 60 minutes. The secretagogue carbamylcholine induced the discharge of radioactive protein by carcinoma fragments pulse-chase labeled with [3H] leucine. A maximal effective carbamylcholine concentration of 10(-5) M was determined. The acinar carcinoma resembles normal exocrine pancreas in the observed rate of intracellular protein transport and effective secretagogue concentration. However, the acinar carcinoma fragments demonstrated an apparent low rate of carbamylcholine-induced radioactive protein discharge as compared with normal pancreatic lobules or acinar cells. It is suggested that the apparent low rate of radioactive protein discharge reflects functional immaturity of the acinar carcinoma. Possible relationships of functional differentiation to the heterogeneous cytodifferentiation of the pancreatic acinar carcinoma are discussed. PMID- 7272911 TI - Surface membrane glycoproteins of cultured human pancreatic cancer cells. AB - The cell-surface glycoproteins and proteins of four human pancreatic cell lines (MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, HS766T, and CAPAN-1) were separately tritiated using galactose oxidase/NaB(3H)4 and iodinated using lactoperoxidase/125I. Gel electrophoresis showed that the cell lines had very different surface components. All four cell lines were tested for cell-surface antigens that cross-reacted with antisera raised against carcinoembryonic antigen and against the membrane fractions of MIA Pa Ca-2 and CAPAN-1 cells. CAPAN-1 cells reacted most strongly with all three antisera. Seventeen cell-surface proteins can be detected when CAPAN-1 cells are labeled using lactoperoxidase. The labeled membranes were solubilized in detergent and subjected to affinity chromatography on Sepharose conjugated lectins. The bound proteins were eluted and analyzed on gel electrophoresis . All 17 proteins capable of being labeled by lactoperoxidase bound to at least one lectin column, indicating they are all glycoproteins. PMID- 7272912 TI - Factors controlling the circulating CEA levels in pancreatic cancer: some clinical correlations. PMID- 7272913 TI - Staging of cancer of the pancreas. Cancer of the Pancreas Task Force. AB - A new protocol for staging carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas has been retrospectively evaluated in 924 cases abstracted from 14 clinics and hospitals; these patients were treated between January 1, 1950, and December 31, 1976. Significant differences (P less than .05) were observed in the survival rates of Stage I patients, Stage II--III patients, and Stage IV patients who could be evaluated for survival. The median survival of Stage I patients treated by pancreatic resection (6.0 months) was approached in Stage II--III unresected cases with or without bypass procedures; these patients received radiation and/or chemotherapy postoperatively. It is suggested that his protocol may be useful in prospective clinical therapeutic investigations for the evaluation of newer protocols of medical, surgical, and radiotherapeutic treatment. PMID- 7272914 TI - Pancreatic secretions as a clue to the presence of pancreatic cancer. AB - Pancreatic secretory function is abnormal in at least 90% of patients with pancreatic cancer. These abnormalities may be due to direct involvement of the secretory cells by the malignant process and/or the effects of pancreatic duct obstruction. There is no specific stimulus (secretin and/or cholecystokinin, CCK, or CCK-like hormones) of pancreatic secretion that is clearly superior to any other as a test of pancreatic function. Pancreatic secretion is abnormal in animal models of pancreatic cancer and secretory abnormalities antedate the histologic appearance of the cancer. A decrease in protein secretion after CCK stimulation is the most significant finding in experimental partial pancreatic duct obstruction (the condition most commonly seen in pancreatic cancer). In the absence of any identifiable high-risk group within the population, it is unlikely that the testing of pancreatic function provides a means for the earlier diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7272915 TI - Cytologic studies for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. AB - Endoscopically obtained fluid from the ampulla of Vater was subjected to cytologic examination in 141 of 159 patients with suspected pancreatic disease, most of whom were undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) examination. Of 26 patients with proven carcinoma of the pancreas, cannulation of the ampulla was successful in 22, and in 12 of these the cytology was positive (54%). Several technical considerations are suggested to increase the yield of positive cytology. They include aspiration of 3 ml or greater, deep insertion of the cannula, collection of pure pancreatic juice, high suction, and use of a fine intraductal rasp. The diagnostic sensitivity of ERCP alone was 73% in patients with cancer, but in combination with cytology it increased to 85%. The combined evaluation yielded 100% accuracy in 22 cases of cancer in which the ampulla was successfully cannulated. In 51 patients with chronic pancreatitis, and in 75 without proven pancreatic disease, the specificity of cytology was 98% and 97% respectively. The specificity of ERCP in chronic pancreatitis was 94%. Cytology is a useful adjunct to the ERCP examination in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 7272916 TI - Standard radiologic diagnosis and CT scanning in pancreatic cancer. AB - Routine radiography plays little role in the current diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma, though some studies may be of use in treatment planning for specific patients. CT scanning is an important tool in the diagnosis of symptomatic pancreatic carcinoma. With present technology it is not a survey technique because lesions that do not deform the pancreatic contour are generally missed. Development of more sophisticated scanners or pancreatic-specific x-ray dyes may change this. At present, CT should be used in diagnosis and treatment planning for symptomatic patients either in conjunction with other tests or as the primary diagnostic procedure, depending upon the problems presented by the individual patient. PMID- 7272917 TI - Ultrasound scanning in patients with clinical suspicion of pancreatic cancer: a retrospective study. AB - A retrospective study was performed on all patients with clinical suspicion of a pancreatic cancer over a seven-month period. Diagnostic scans of the pancreas were obtained in 87% of the patients. Of 112 patients with a successful ultrasound study, 97 had adequate clinical or surgical follow up. The ultrasound examination was abnormal in 16 of 17 pancreatic cancer patients, yielding a positive predictive value of 84%. Most patients had distant spread at this time. The negative predictive value was 99%, sensitivity was 94%, specificity 96%. This study does nt suggest that ultrasound leads to an earlier diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. However, because the symptoms of the disease are common in the elderly, ultrasound allows reliable exclusion of this disease in a noninvasive way. PMID- 7272918 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) in the evaluation of suspected pancreatic carcinoma: diagnostic limitations and contemporary roles. AB - The accuracy of ERCP and PTC in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma was evaluated in a series of 376 and 112 patients, respectively. ERCP had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 97%; PTC had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96%. Prior to the introduction of CT, these highly accurate examinations were the first major diagnostic procedures performed in patients with suspected pancreatic carcinoma. CT has had a significant impact on the role of ERCP and PTC and has replaced them as the initial procedure of choice. The current indications for ERCP and PTC were evaluated in a series of 211 patients with suspected pancreatic disease who were studied initially by CT. ERCP is now used to evaluate patients in whom CT is normal, equivocal, or technically unsatisfactory. PTC is used as a preoperative procedure for precise definition of biliary anatomy or for percutaneous placement of a palliative biliary drainage catheter. PMID- 7272919 TI - Pancreatic arteriography, transhepatic pancreatic venography, and pancreatic venous sampling in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7272920 TI - Needle biopsy diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7272922 TI - Surgical principles for pancreatic cancer: regional total and subtotal pancreatectomy. PMID- 7272921 TI - Efforts at early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: the Mayo Clinic Experience. AB - By contract with the National Cancer Institute, the authors have prospectively evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of serologic, secretory, endoscopic, and imaging procedures. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, angiography, and pancreatic exocrine function tests have similar sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value in the diagnoses of pancreatic disorders. A newly developed ultrasonic endoscope has been evaluated for human use and preliminary findings suggest that it is safe. This endoscope generates a high resolution of real time images of extraluminal gastrointestinal organs, including the pancreas. This technique may be useful in detecting small premetastatic and resectable cancers of the pancreas. PMID- 7272923 TI - New surgical approaches to pancreatic cancer. AB - Surgery as the best means to careful staging is stressed, in spite of many other methods of staging. Especially in those instances where resection is remotely possible it is proposed that, if possible, surgery should be done in centers specializing in this type of operation. A final opinion on the use of extended pancreatectomy awaits additional data. It is stressed that the surgeon should be fully aware of combined modality programs for treating pancreatic cancer and that new surgical techniques be considered as their proper employment demands. Finally, possible new techniques, such as intraoperative photoradiation using a laser and hematoporphyrin, intraoperative radiation therapy and heat, and the use of microwave-induced hyperthermia are discussed. The surgeon may well find that what is new in surgical treatment of cancer of the pancreas lies in a combined modality approach, primarily using intraoperative therapy. PMID- 7272925 TI - Malignant lymphoma associated with internal fixation of a fractured tibia. AB - A case of malignant lymphoma in association with the plating of a fractured tibia 17 years previously is presented. The literature is briefly reviewed, and attention is drawn to the reported association between tumor and internal fixation in animals. PMID- 7272924 TI - Current radiotherapeutic approaches to pancreatic cancer. AB - Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is not a radioresistant neoplasm, as was once believed. The data now suggest that in some instances this cancer may be radiocurable. This fact seems to justify the risk of pancreatic biopsy even in the face of unresectable disease, for it is well known that many benign conditions imitate pancreatic cancer. Clinical benefit from radiation for pancreatic cancer treatment is dose related. Careful delineation of tumor margins, precision treatment planning, and precision dose delivery can minimize damage to adjacent normal tissues. Interstitial implantation and intraoperative electron beam therapy are being studied as methods of accurate dose delivery for pancreatic cancer. Fractionation studies and high LET studies are in embryonic stages. Combined modality regimens may have much to offer in terms of improved palliation and survival for patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. PMID- 7272926 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic study. AB - The case records and histologic material of 28 patients with leiomyosarcoma of soft tissue treated at M. D. Anderson Hospital between 1948 and 1975 were reviewed. These included patients in whom the tumors arose in the retroperitoneum (16), major blood vessels (3), and other soft-tissue sites, collectively designated peripheral soft tissue (9). Follow-up was complete in all cases. A striking preponderance of female patients was observed in the group with retroperitoneal tumors, in contrast to the male preponderance in the vascular and peripheral soft tissue tumor groups. Tumor size and location were the major prognostic factors; large size (greater than 5 cm) and retroperitoneal origin were associated with a much poorer clinical outcome than smaller size (less than 5 cm) and origin elsewhere than the retroperitoneum. These factors were related, since all retroperitoneal tumors were large. Microscopic appearance did not correlate significantly with clinical course. The clinical approach to these tumors is discussed in light of the findings of this study. PMID- 7272927 TI - Metastasis of intracranial germinoma through a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. AB - A young man developed a tumor in the pineal region that grew along ventricular surfaces and caused obstructive hydrocephalus. Cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid demonstrated malignant cells consistent with germinoma. Following a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and radiotherapy, the tumor and the hydrocephalus regressed. Three years later, an intraperitoneal tumor appeared that was diagnosed by transcutaneous biopsy specimen as a germinoma. The abdominal germinoma also regressed after radiotherapy. While extracranial metastases of intracranial germinomas via shunts are probably rare, their occurrence, as exemplified by this case, argues for including protective filters in the shunts. PMID- 7272928 TI - Trends in diagnosis and management of breast cancer in the U.S.: from the surveys of the American College of Surgeons. AB - The results of a comparative study of a series of 15,132 cases of breast cancer diagnosed in 1972 and a series of 14,577 cases diagnosed in 1977 are presented. Data were collected through surveys of 670 hospitals in the United States conducted by the Commission on Cancer--American College of Surgeons. There has been significant improvement in the stage at which breast cancer is diagnosed in black patients. The proportion of cases diagnosed at the localized stage increased from 38.5% in the 1972 series to 45.2% in 1977. During the same time period, the average size of the tumor in black patients decreased from 4.5 cm to 3.5 cm and the average number of positive axillary nodes decreased from 6.6 to 5.5. Less change in the stage of disease at diagnosis or in the size of the tumor was observed in white patients and no significant change was found in the average number of positive axillary nodes. The average number of axillary nodes examined increased from 14.5 nodes to 16.0 nodes in white patients and from 16.4 to 17.3 in black patients. The proportion of all cases treated by surgery with axillary dissection increased from 79.8% in 1972 to 85.8% in 1977. Recent cases were more likely to be treated with surgery alone. Use of radiotherapy alone or in combination decreased for both races but the use of chemotherapy increased. A marked shift from Halsted radical mastectomy to modified radical mastectomy was evident at every level of age, stage of the disease, and size of tumor, and was observed in hospitals of all sizes. A significant increase in the average number of nodes examined was observed for each surgical procedure involving axillary dissection. No increase was observed in the use of conservative surgery (wedge excision, total mastectomy, or total mastectomy with low axillary dissection). PMID- 7272929 TI - Endoscopic tissue diagnosis of gastric involvement in the staging of non Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - The results of radiologic and endoscopic examinations and endoscopic biopsies of the stomach and duodenum in the staging of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were assessed in 147 patients. Radiologic results were positive for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 36 of 147 patients, with diagnosis of NHL from biopsy specimens of 16 of these 36 patients. Results of endoscopic studies were abnormal in 35 of 147 patients and 20 of these 35 patients also had biopsy specimens positive for NHL. Twenty-four patients (16.3%) had NHL involvement of the gastric and/or duodenal mucosa demonstrated by biopsy material. More than 15% of the patients whose primary tumors were nodal, and 19% of those patients with extranodal involvement also had lymphoma involvement of the stomach and/or duodenum. According to the results of the endoscopic biopsies, 15.1% (10 of 66 patients) had Stages I and II, and 17.2% (14 of 81 patients) had Stages II and IV of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7272930 TI - Chemotherapy for acute leukemia before, during and after pregnancy. PMID- 7272931 TI - Tamoxifen-induced remission in breast cancer by escalating the dose to 40 mg daily after progression on 20 mg daily: a case report and review of the literature. AB - An 80-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer to the lungs and bones was treated with tamoxifen, 10 mg twice daily, with arrest of disease of six month's duration. At the time of progression, increasing the dosage to 20 mg twice daily resulted in an objective remission now lasting 8+ months. This finding indicates that in this patient, the tamoxifen dosage of 40 mg/daily had a significantly higher anti-tumor effect than 20 mg/daily. Pertinent literature on the correlation of response with tamoxifen dosage is reviewed. PMID- 7272932 TI - Clinical pharmacology of tamoxifen in patients with breast cancer: correlation with clinical data. AB - Blood tamoxifen levels were determined for patients with metastatic breast cancer following initial and chronic dosing at twice daily 10 mg/m2 or a 20 mg/m2 single dose. Median time to response was six weeks. Blood tamoxifen levels at that time were ten-fold greater than those obtained after an initial single dose; however, steady-state values were not achieved until 16 weeks of chronic dosing. On a loading dose schedule of 40 mg/m2 twice daily for seven days and 20 mg/m2 daily thereafter, blood levels greater than or equal to 10 mg/m2 twice daily steady state values were reached in one week. Levels drawn at peak and trough times suggest that tamoxifen may be given on a once-daily basis. Tamoxifen half-life was 9-12 hours after the initial dose and seven days after chronic dosing. PMID- 7272933 TI - Corticosteroids for elderly patients with breast cancer. AB - Ninety-one assessable elderly women (greater than 65 years) with advanced breast cancer were treated with prednisolone 15 mg (or cortisone 75 mg) daily after primary endocrine treatment (estrogens, androgens or tamoxifen). Thirteen (14%) achieved an objective regression, and 19 (21%) others showed no change for greater than or equal to six months. Hence, 32 patients (35%) had control of disease for about one year. Responses were mainly in soft tissue and skeletal lesions and were independent of response to prior endocrine treatment. Toxicity was low. Low-dose corticosteroid treatment is of value in controlling advanced breast cancer in elderly women. PMID- 7272934 TI - Pulmonary fibrosis: a complication of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) therapy. AB - A pediatric patient is reported who experienced fatal progressive pulmonary fibrosis as a complication of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) therapy. The patient received a cumulative dosage of 1.29 g (1.72 g/m2) over a two-year period as adjuvant therapy for a medulloblastoma. Two and one-half years after cessation of therapy, cough, tachypnea and fatigue were noted. Progressive pulmonary insufficiency developed. Pulmonary pathologic findings included interstitial fibrosis and alveolar dysplasia. Other cases of BCNU pulmonary toxicity are cited from the medical literature. PMID- 7272935 TI - Influence of topical and systemic retinoids on basal cell carcinoma cell membranes. AB - Although much recent work suggests that retinoids can prevent the development of epithelial cancers, their mechanism of action remains unknown. Since malignancy has been associated with alterations in gap junctions, desmosomes, microfilaments, and hemidesmosomes, the authors examined freeze-fracture replicas and thin sections of cell membranes of: (1) 11 basal cell cancers (BCC) treated twice daily for two weeks with topical 1.0% retinoid acid (RA); (2) 21 BCC treated for 2 to 17 weeks with oral 13-cis retinoic acid (CRA) (1.0-8.0 mg/kg/day); and (3) 17 BCC prior to retinoid treatment and/or after applications of vehicle alone. Both thin sections and replicas were examined and photographed in a single-blind fashion, and the density and size distribution of gap junctions and desmosomes were computed planimetrically. Topical RA treatment induced a two fold increase in gap junction density (P less than 0.025) over controls. In contrast, RA produced a concurrent = 35% decrease in desmosome density. Systemic CRA did not significantly alter either gap junction or desmosome density or size. Finally, neither RA nor CRA treatment appeared to influence hemidesmosome or microfilament populations. Structural changes in both treatment groups did not correlate with either tumor regression or inflammation. Topical and systemic retinoids may exert their antineoplastic activity by different cellular mechanisms. PMID- 7272936 TI - Polyamine responses in a solid transplanted tumor (S180) in liver and in urine during endotoxin-induced tumor injury in the mouse. AB - Polyamine (PA) and ATP concentrations have been measured in the S180 sarcoma damaged by endotoxin (1) 4 hours after administration, coinciding with the onset of hemorrhage, (2) at 8 hours, and (3) at 24 hours, preceeding overt necrosis. The putrescine (PU) content increased promptly, the spermidine (SPD) level dropped by 30% between 8 and 24 hours, while the spermine (SPM) concentration remained unchanged. The ATP level fell, reaching 1% of the control value at 24 hours. The parallel between increases in tumor PU content and urinary PU excretion appears to be largely fortuitous; no similar correlations existed in the cases of SPD and SPM. The development of tumor stasis and the alterations seen in PA metabolism of tumor-free controls suggest that the changes in liver PA concentrations and in urinary excretion primarily reflect responses of nonmalignant cells. Both these findings in animals without tumors and existing data from other experimental systems are consistent with the thesis that PA response patterns to a particular procedure are qualitatively similar regardless of the presence or absence of a malignant growth, and are characteristic of the procedure employed. PMID- 7272937 TI - Further studies on the carcinogenesis of the colon of the rat with special reference to the absence of intestinal contents. AB - The proximal and distal ends of the ascending, transverse and descending colon of 67 Sprague-Dawley rats were severed and stitched to the abdominal wall. The remaining colon was anastomosed end to end. The disarticulated colon loop was rinsed 30 times over 15 days to remove all traces of intestinal contents. The animals were then given subcutaneous injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (21 mg/kg body weight) for 27 weeks. During that period, the isolated loops were rinsed with saline once a week. The rats were killed after seven months of treatment. Eighty-five tumors developed in the 67 animals: 20 in the isolated loops and 65 in the end-to-end anastomosed colon. The carcinogen employed reached the colonic loop through the circulation and induced (independently of bile acids) mucosal changes that led to the development of colonic tumors. PMID- 7272938 TI - Electronically determined platelet indices in thrombocytopenic patients. AB - Patients with cancer frequently experience thrombocytopenia. Platelet size demonstrated on blood smear can be a clue to the mechanism of thrombocytopenia. New electronic cell counters are capable of determining mean platelet volume (MPV) on whole blood specimens as part of routine complete blood cell counts. The clinical usefulness of MPV and other platelet indices were examined in 87 unselected hospitalized thrombocytopenic patients. Patients with thrombocytopenia resulting from loss or consumption have higher MPVs than do patients with marrow failure. Thrombocytopenic patients also have greater heterogeneity of platelet size than do non-thrombocytopenic patients with normal complete blood cell counts. MPV may become a useful part of routine blood cell counts in hospitalized cancer patients. PMID- 7272939 TI - Cell proliferation and its relationship to clinical features and relapse in breast cancers. AB - The relationship between primary tumor proliferative activity and clinical and pathologic characteristics was analyzed in relation to menopausal status for 541 breast cancer patients. The thymidine-3H labeling index (LI) showed significantly higher median values in cancers from premenopausal (4.2%) and paramenopausal (4.2%) patients in comparison to that of cancers from postmenopausal (1.8%) patients. The LI was not generally correlated to tumor size. The only significant correlation was limited to tumors with negative axillary lymph nodes from premenopausal patients. The proliferative activity of primary tumors was neither correlated to the presence nor the extension of axillary metastasis. The prognostic significance of the primary tumor LI was assessed in 145 untreated patients with cancers without axillary metastases. A higher median value of LI was observed in tumors from patients who relapsed (5.7%) within 52 months than in tumors from those who did not relapse (2%). However, the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.01) in premenopausal patients, but not in postmenopausal patients. Similarly, a significantly (P less than 0.0005) higher rate of relapse (67.4%) was observed in patients with tumors that had a LI above the median value of 4.6% in comparison to that (0%) of tumors with a LI below the median value in premenopausal patients. No statistically significant relationship was observed between proliferative activity of the primary tumor and risk of relapse in postmenopausal patients. PMID- 7272940 TI - Flow cytometry of breast carcinoma: I. Relation of DNA ploidy level to histology and estrogen receptor. AB - Flow cytometry studies of the DNA distribution of tumor cells from 92 human breast cancers showed measurable aneuploidy (hyperploidy) in 83 cases (92%). The DNA ploidy values were unimodal in each case, but there was a bimodal distribution for the entire series. One group of tumors had a diploid or near diploid DNA distribution and a second group had ploidy levels from triploid to tetraploid or higher. The tumors with lower DNA ploidy (at or near diploid) tended to be histologically low grade, cytologically more orderly and estrogen binding positive; those with higher DNA ploidy were more likely to be higher grade, more anaplastic, and estrogen-binding negative. PMID- 7272941 TI - Flow cytometry of breast carcinoma: II. Relation of tumor cell cycle distribution to histology and estrogen receptor. AB - Flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle distribution was carried out on acridine orange-stained cell suspensions freshly prepared from carcinoma of the breast of 90 women, and compared with control, benign breast specimens from 10 women. There was a significantly greater proportion of cells in S (9.1% +/- 5.8) and G2 + M (8.0 +/- 6.0) phases of the cycle in breast cancer specimens than in the S (1.5% +/- 0.6) and G2 + M (2.5 +/- 0.9) phases of the cycle in benign, control specimens of breast tissue. Great variation was noted among the breast cancers, with medullary carcinomas having the highest percentage of cells in S + G2 + M, and papillary, tubular, colloid and well-differentiated duct carcinomas having the lowest. Tumors from premenopausal women classified as estrogen receptor negative had significantly more cells in S + G2 + M than did tumors from postmenopausal women that were estrogen-receptor positive. PMID- 7272942 TI - The needle biopsy diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. AB - One hundred five cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were studied by needle biopsy and surgically confirmed in a 30-month period. Eight years were required to diagnose the same number of cases without the use of needle biopsies. Identification of clinically unsuspected cancer and confirmation of clinical "possible" cancer diagnoses accounted for 30% of this change. Seventy percent was accounted for by the increase in nodules referred for evaluation. The accuracy of fine-needle biopsy (FNB) improved with experience. Positive diagnoses of PTC were made in 19 of the first 35 PTCs and in 33 of the last 35. False-negative and unsatisfactory FNBs decreased from seven in the first third of the study to zero in the last third. Large-needle biopsy (LNB), initially used to check FNB, became less necessary as experience increased. Both FNB and LNB were more specific when papillary areas were included in the biopsy procedure, and approached the specificity of surgical biopsy. The increase in identifying PTC may require modification of the therapeutic implications of this diagnosis. PMID- 7272943 TI - Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the mucous membranes of the head and neck: a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases. AB - Twenty cases of head and neck mucosal squamous cell carcinoma containing a prominent sarcomatoid element were reviewed with special attention to possible prognostic factors. Patients whose tumors invaded muscle, minor salivary or accessory respiratory glands, or bone had very poor survival rates, whereas those whose tumors were superficial and did not extend into any of these structures had excellent survival rates. A history of irradiation to the tumor site and tumor location in the oral cavity rather than the larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity, or nasal-associated structures were associated with invasiveness and thus with poorer survival. Aside from invasion, histologic features and gross configuration were not found to be of significant prognostic importance. PMID- 7272944 TI - Fractionated radiation and hyperthermia: experimental and clinical studies. AB - The effect of fractionated radiation and hyperthermia was experimentally studied in a C3H mammary carcinoma and its surrounding skin. Simultaneous radiation and heat (42.5 C-60 minutes) with one or five fractions gave thermal enhancement ratios (TER) of approximately 2.5 in both tumor and surrounding skin, and no improved therapeutic effect was obtained. Five fractions of sequential treatment with heating four hours after radiation reduced the tumor TER to about 1.4, but when 72 hours were allowed between the fractions, no thermal enhancement of the skin was observed. Thus, an improved therapeutic ratio was observed. Clinically the combined treatment was studied in 12 patients with 49 metastases from malignant melanoma treated with different schedules of radiation and hyperthermia (approximately 43 C for 30 minutes). Simultaneous treatment with three fractions in eight days gave TER values in the skin between 1.2-1.4, but a similar effect was found in the tumor. Three fractions of sequential treatment in eight days did not produce any thermal enhancement of the skin response, but still presented an apparent gain of the tumor response, and so seemed to increase the therapeutic effect. Bases on these findings, the strategy for further clinical use of combined hyperthermia and radiation is discussed. PMID- 7272945 TI - Recurrent Hodgkin's disease in treated sites. AB - Clinical and pathologic features were assessed in a group of 48 patients with Hodgkin's disease who developed recurrences in treated sites. The histopathologic findings in the initial diagnostic lymph node biopsies were compared with those in the recurrences. Recurrences showed a more pleomorphic appearance and were more difficult to subclassify than the initial diagnostic biopsies. In addition, no histologic features were found in the recurrences that could identify those patients who later died of Hodgkin's disease versus those those who were successfully re-treated. PMID- 7272946 TI - Comparison of dose-time-fractionation schemes in non-oat cell lung cancer. AB - A series of 205 patients with inoperable, non-oat cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with three different dose-fractionation schedules. Fifty-six patients received 5000 rads in 25 fractions over five weeks (continuous, A); 79 patients received 2000 rads in five fractions over five days, with two weeks' rest, followed by 2000 rads in five fractions over five days (split-course, B); 70 patients received 3000 rads in 10 fractions over two weeks, followed by three weeks' rest and another 3000 rads (split course, C). The 24-month survival was 33% for A, 15% for B and 25% for C. The split course was better tolerated and radiation fibrosis was dose-related. PMID- 7272947 TI - Radiation carcinogenesis in man: new primary neoplasms in fields of prior therapeutic radiation. AB - Nine patients are presented in whom new malignant neoplasms developed in fields of prior irradiation. The prior irradiation had been administered to these patients for previously confirmed cancers, lesions suspected of being cancer (but never confirmed as such), and for non-neoplastic disorders. Each of these cases is relatively unique and several present the first association between prior radiation therapy and the subsequent neoplasm or neoplasms which developed. PMID- 7272948 TI - Lung biopsy in immunocompromised patients: one institution's experience and an approach to management of pulmonary disease in the compromised host. AB - The authors report on their institution's experience with 53 lung biopsies, including 26 open, 22 transbronchial, and five trephine air drill biopsies, performed in immunocompromised patients with roentgenographic pulmonary infiltrates. Open biopsy was far more likely to provide a specific etiologic diagnosis (81%, P less than 0.001) than transbronchial biopsy (32%), or trephine biopsy (20%). Infection (17 biopsies), neoplastic disease, (7) or drug-related pneumonitis (2) were identified most frequently. Patients with myeloproliferative disease, granulocytopenia, or those who had not received prior immunosuppressive therapy were most likely to have a nondiagnostic biopsy (P less than 0.05 for each factor). The overall complication rate of biopsy procedures was 15% and was comparable with all three methods. Survival in this series was not significantly lower if a specific etiologic diagnosis could not be established, but correlated with the respiratory rate (less than 20 per minute), pO2 (greater than 60 torr), and the roentgenographic pattern (other than bilateral diffuse disease) at the time of biopsy (P less than 0.05 for each factor). There were 18 cases (34%) in which a clearcut etiologic diagnosis would not be established at the time of biopsy; based on serologic tests performed ex post facto, 2 of 12 of these cases (17%) were Legionnaire's disease. Lung biopsies were helpful in the management of the majority of the cases, although nondiagnostic biopsies continue to be a problem. The authors propose an approach to the management of compromised patients with pulmonary infiltrates. PMID- 7272949 TI - Pott's disease following BCG therapy of melanoma. AB - The first reported case of a patient with BCG-induced Pott's disease following immunotherapy for melanoma is presented. No signs or symptoms of the disease were detected for 2 1/2 years after therapy. The diagnosis and treatment of this complication of melanoma therapy are discussed. PMID- 7272950 TI - Myeloproliferative disorder with unusual marrow chromosome constitution. AB - This report describes a patient referred at 14 years in 1971, after one year's surveillance by the family physician, for a persistently elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukopenia, and relative lymphocytosis. Despite the documented myeloproliferative syndrome of seven years, significant physiologic impairment precluding strenuous ranching and rodeo work appeared only in the last six to nine months. Throughout the clinical course characterized by pancytopenia, refractory and somewhat megaloblastic anemia partially responsive to oxymetholone, and subacute myeloblastic leukemia, he showed a persistent double trisomy--48, XY, +8, +21 in bone marrow. This report reiterates the value of chromosome analysis in the study of hematologic disorders and, in addition, emphasizes the need to individualize each patient's prognosis. PMID- 7272951 TI - Thrombin inhibition by malignant and normal cells: a cell-bound antithrombin effect. AB - Analysis of fresh surgical specimens of normal tissue and tumor tissue show a cellular antithrombin activity to be present in certain organs. In normal tissues it was noted chiefly in normal colon, testes, breast, and uterus. In malignant tissues it was prominent in adenocarcinomas of the colon, breast, and lung. No epidermoid tumors showed evidence of thrombin binding. The thrombin- binding activity required the presence of intact cells and was distinct from the soluble antithrombins normally present in plasma and serum. There is growing evidence to suggest an interrelationship between clotting and the growth and dissemination of cancer. The implications of cellular antithrombins are reviewed in this context. PMID- 7272952 TI - The thymus according to Schambacher: medullary ducts and reticular epithelium of thymus and thymomas. AB - Thymomas exhibit histologically characteristic features of differentiation with great similarity to structures in fetal, normal and involuted thymus. They include pleomorphic ducts, cysts and glandular structures, which cannot be explained with the conventional views on thymus development as introduced by Hammar, but find a simple histogenetic clarification if Schambacher's concepts are accepted. With suitable fetal material Schambacher's findings can be easily confirmed. They indicate that the thymus is composed of two different types of epithelium, called here the "reticular epithelium" and the "medullary duct epithelium." The origins and development are described. The features of fetal thymus, of normal and involuted thymus, of cystic thymic lesions and of dysplastic thymus are re-examined and compared with structures found in thymomas. The observed findings suggest that thymomas are complex "organoid" epitheliomas with diversified reticular epithelial and medullary duct differentiation. Like other epitheliomas they grow slowly and may show local invasive propensities, but distant metastases remain exceptionally rare. PMID- 7272953 TI - Evidence that estrogen-receptor-negative, progesterone-receptor-positive breast and ovarian carcinomas contain estrogen receptor. AB - A small number of primary metastatic breast carcinomas are estrogen-receptor negative and progesterone-receptor-positive (ER-, PGR+) under the normal ligand binding assay or sucrose density gradient conditions. Among more than 500 tumors analyzed in this laboratory over a year and a half, 28 cases fit this category, 18 of which were patients 51 years of age or younger (Group A) and 7 were patients over the age of 56 (Group B), The ages of three patients were unknown (Group C). By treatment of each of those tumor cytosols with dextran-coated charcoal before the assay was done, 13 of group A became positive (ER range 10-87 fmol/mg protein); 1 was borderline (ER 3-9 fmol/mg protein); 1 became positive only on sucrose gradient determination, and 2 remained negative. In comparison, two patients in group B shifted from borderline ER to ER+ and only one ER- became ER+ at 10 fmol/mg protein. The data provide additional rationale for determining both ER and PGR in all patients, and have obvious implications for the need of standard methods of determining ER and PGR in the prognosis of women with breast cancer. PMID- 7272954 TI - S-phase fractions of colorectal carcinomas related to pathologic and clinical features. AB - The S-phase fractions (SPFs) of epithelial cells in 100 resected colorectal carcinomas were measured by in vitro exposure to tritiated thymidine and autoradiography. The frequency distribution of SPFs was gaussian with a median of 17.8 per hundred in 90 unirradiated carcinomas, whereas in ten carcinomas given radiation therapy preoperatively, it was positively skewed with a median of 6.9. Analysis of the unirradiated carcinomas showed no relationship between SPF and various clinical and morphologic features that included age, race, sex, site, size, Dukes' stage, histologic grade of the tumor, number of metastasis-bearing regional lymph nodes, presence of adenomas of the large bowel, survival or relapse-free survival of the patient, or SPF or adjacent normal colorectal crypts. The results show no evidence that colorectal carcinomas can be divided into kinetic subsets. The spatial orientation of labeled cells in autoradiographs indicated presence of a nonproliferative fraction of cells in many tumors that may modulate response to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. PMID- 7272956 TI - Osteonecrosis in patients with malignant lymphoma: a review of twenty-five cases. AB - A retrospective study of 25 patients with malignant lymphoma who had osteonecrosis of either the femoral or humeral head(s) was undertaken. The common factor present among all patients was the administration of intermittent steroid containing combination chemotherapy. Seventeen Hodgkin's disease patients received chemotherapy predominantly consisting of an alkylating agent, vincristine, procarbazine, and moderate amounts of prednisone. The non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients were on various moderate dosage steroid-containing protocols, except three who received prolonged high-dose steroid-containing chemotherapy regimens. Sixteen of the 17 Hodgkin's disease patients and five of the eight non Hodgkin's lymphoma patients received radiotherapy to the bones that subsequently developed osteonecrosis. Two of the three non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients who were not irradiated were treated with high-dose steroid-containing chemotherapy regimens. Symptoms developed in patients 12 months and 32 months after completion of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, respectively. Osteonecrosis was a long-term complication of treatment between 1970 and 1979 and occurred in 1.6% of the Hodgkin's disease and 0.12% of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients treated. The authors conclude that the patients at highest risk for this complication are those who receive both radiotherapy to the affected bone(s) and intermittent steroid-containing multiple drug chemotherapy. PMID- 7272955 TI - Hypercalcemia with ovarian carcinoma: evidence of a pathogenetic role for prostaglandins. AB - A 70-year-old white woman had a lower abdominal mass and hypercalcemia. Physical and radiologic evidence was found for the presence of nonmetastatic pelvic tumor. Biochemical tests confirmed the presence of hypercalcemia with evidence of active bone resorption. Plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the nephrogenic urinary cyclic AMP excretion were low; levels of plasma prostaglandins were elevated. Bone biopsy revealed histologic evidence of extensive osteoclastic bone resorption. At operation, a papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary was removed. Postoperatively, the serum calcium fell to normal, and plasma prostaglandins became undetectable. Short-term incubation of ovarian tumor fragments demonstrated the production by tumor tissue of a substance causing bone resorption in an in vitro bioassay. The production of this substance was blocked by indomethacin. Radioimmunoassay of the incubation medium revealed significant amounts of prostaglandins of the E + F series. Parathyroid hormone was not detected in the medium. These data implicate tumor-produced prostaglandins as mediators of the hypercalcemia in this patient. PMID- 7272957 TI - Comparative results of postmastectomy rehabilitation in a specialized and a community hospital. AB - This article describes results of postmastectomy rehabilitation program as operating at Mt. Sinai Hospital of Cleveland, a general community facility. Common physical and emotional problems following mastectomy are documented, as well as barriers to effective rehabilitation--particularly the fact that such programs are usually associated with specialized oncology settings and not seen as feasible in the community hospital. An analysis of outcomes of a program operated at both Mt. Sinai and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center demonstrates that comparable and positive patient outcomes can be achieved in terms of range of motion, resumption of prior activities, and emotional stress. Recommendations are made regarding ways to overcome common problems in implementing such programs in an inexpensive and effective manner. PMID- 7272958 TI - Prostatic cancer with an unusual presentation: polymyositis and mediastinal adenopathy. AB - A 67-year-old man with prostate cancer presented with acute polymyositis and vocal cord paralysis as a result of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. His clinical course was unusual, with the development of a malignant pleural effusion, supraclavicular adenopathy, and osteolytic bone lesions. Urologic symptoms developed only pre-terminally, and osteoblastic bone metastases were not documented. This case suggests that prostate cancer need not have a simple natural history. PMID- 7272959 TI - Second malignancies in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Six hundred thirty cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the Tumour Registry of Manitoba spanning an 11-year period from January 1968 to December 1978 were reviewed. There were 34 cancers from 31 individuals who developed the cancer at least six months after diagnosis of NHL. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of second malignancies in this disease compared with an age-matched population in Manitoba. In particular, no cases of acute leukemia were identified. PMID- 7272961 TI - Radiotherapy planning using computed tomography. AB - A critical look at the use of computed tomography (CT) for radiation therapy planning shows problems which all arise from incorrect positioning of the patient. CT is an excellent tool for therapy planning if the patient is positioned identically at the CT scanner and on the therapy couch. This is accomplished by installing matching laser systems at the CT scanner and at the therapy machine. The authors' planning procedure is discussed in detail. PMID- 7272960 TI - Nephrotoxicity of nitrosoureas. AB - Irreversible and progressive renal parenchymal damage and functional impairment occurred in the majority of patients receiving at least six courses (200 mg/m2 of BCNU and/or methyl CCNU at eight-week intervals) of nitrosoureas for therapy of malignant brain tumors. Seventeen of 18 patients who received at least six courses and all nine patients who received more than ten courses developed impaired renal function as judged by elevation of blood urea nitrogen and/or serum creatinine or decrease in filtration rate as determined by inulin clearance. Four patients have developed uremia. Renal tissue obtained from seven patients demonstrated tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and glomerular sclerosis. This remarkably high incidence of renal damage occurred without a phase of acute renal failure and in the absence of significant urinary abnormalities, while producing an insidiously progressive interstitial renal lesion. PMID- 7272962 TI - Variation in work-up and treatment procedures among types of radiation therapy facilities: the patterns of care process survey for three head and neck sites. AB - The PCS Process Survey analyzed radiation therapy facilities to evaluate procedures in work-up and treatment of patients with cancer of the larynx, tongue, and nasopharynx. Types of facilities are compared to establish bench marks in performance of work-up and treatment procedures that can be used as a foundation for upgrading care and for adjusting studies to follow this paper. A statistical method is demonstrated that provides a "signature" of relative performance over a standardized set of procedural criteria. Facilities with resident training programs perform nearly all of these procedures much more consistently than do nontraining facilities. Facilities with full-time head therapists perform most procedures more consistently than do facilities with part time heads. A third comparison of large versus small facilities shows that among training facilities size has no effect and that among full-time facilities size has a slight effect. Among part-time facilities, however, smaller ones fail to perform most procedures more often than larger facilities. The size difference is confounded with the full-time/part-time difference because part-time facilities are on the average smaller than facilities with full-time head therapists. PMID- 7272963 TI - Ultrastructure of adenocarcinoma of Bartholin's gland. AB - The case of a 41-year-old woman with well-differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma of the Bartholin's gland was studied submicroscopically. The tumor consisted of three types of cells with different types of exocrine secretory granules: (1) Principal cells, which were the most frequently observed component of the tumor, had numerous small, secretory granules of round shape with very high electron density. These granules resembled membrane-bound dense bodies observed in normal Bartholin's duct cells. (2) Goblet-like cells had larger secretory granules with low electron density, resembling secretory granules of normal Bartholin's gland cells. (3) Eccrine sweat gland-like cells had large, irregular-shaped secretory granules with moderate electron density. This has been observed in neither normal Bartholin's gland nor duct cells, and resembles secretory granules of eccrine sweat gland cells. Furthermore, fibrillar bodies, frequently described in normal Bartholin's gland cells, were seen in a few tumor cells. These submicroscopic findings suggest that this tumor derived from Bartholin's duct cell, differentiating to gland cell and/or eccrine sweat gland cell. PMID- 7272964 TI - Scanning electron microscopic features of human urinary bladder cancer. AB - Biopsies from 17 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were examined by scanning electron microscopy to evaluate surface features of the luminal cells. Pleomorphic microvilli were observed on cells in all cases regardless of tumor grade. Several types of cell surface patterns were observed but variability in appearance increased with grade as did the degree of pleomorphism of the microvilli. Pleomorphic microvilli were not observed in biopsies from two patients without bladder lesions. PMID- 7272965 TI - Hypoplastic acute leukemia. AB - There have been few reports of acute leukemia presenting with a hypocellular bone marrow. All patients diagnosed as having acute leukemia were identified during a recent six-year interval who had blast cells plus promyelocytes of greater than 30% and marrow cellularity of needle biopsy less than or equal to 50%. Of 195 patients analyzed, 15 (7.7%) fulfilled the criteria. Ten patients were men and five women; the median age was 68 years with a range of 40-82. Seven complained of fatigue of 6-12 months duration, five were seen with occult infection, and three were asymptomatic. Hepatosplenomegaly was absent in 93% and none had lymphadenopathy. Fourteen patients were pancytopenic with median leukocyte count at presentation of 1.5 X 10(9)/liter, hemoglobin of 9.0 g/dl, and platelet count of 55 X 10(9)/liter. Circulating blast cells were not observed in ten patients; in the other five they were less than 0.7 X 10(9)/liter. The morphology of all cases appeared myeloid and Auer rods were seen in three patients; however, in one the peroxidase was negative. Classification according to FAB criteria revealed ten to be M1, three to be M2, one M4, and one L2. Median survival of the entire group was seven months. Of seven patients receiving no chemotherapy, two survived longer than 1 year (14, 24.5 months), one is alive at 7+ months, and the median survival was seven months. Eight patients with life-threatening complications received various combination regimens including an anthracycline, cytosine arabinoside, 6-thioguanine, vincristine, and prednisone. Five died of treatment complications; two achieved durable complete remission and are free of disease at 17 and 27 months. It can be concluded that hypoplastic acute leukemia is a distinct nosologic entity affecting primarily older patients with myeloid leukemia. Remission induction therapy in patients who are seriously ill has a low success rate, and in some patients prolonged survival is possible with supportive care alone. PMID- 7272966 TI - Reassessment of the relationship between aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and lung cancer. AB - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was measured in cultured human lymphocytes induced with benzathracene and in pulmonary alveolar macrophages induced in situ in cigarette smokers. Considered separately, neither lymphocyte AHH nor macrophage AHH levels were distinctly different in either noncancer or lung cancer patients. Considered simultaneously, lymphocyte and macrophage AHH levels are quite different in noncancer and lung cancer patients. The lung cancer patient group was seen to contain a significantly higher percentage of persons with high levels of AHH than did an age-matched group of noncancer patients, (P less than 0.001), when more than one tissue was assayed to determine the individual's enzyme levels. PMID- 7272967 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the limbs: a re-evaluation using microstaging techniques. AB - The pathologic material from 256 patients with malignant melanoma of the limb seen between 1955 and 1969 was reviewed to correlate the clinical course of the disease with the microstage, in an attempt to determine whether treatment factors affect the course of the disease. Rates of disease recurrence observed during the ten-year follow-up period were: Level II--19%, III--33%; IV--54% and V--94%, while for measured depths the recurrence rates were less than 0.5 mm--18%; 0.5 to 1 mm--26%; 1 to 1.5 mm--44%; 1.5 to 2 mm--49%; 2 to 3 mm--78% and greater than 3 mm--74%. For those patients with Level II melanomas, or Level III less than 1 mm, there was no difference in disease recurrence or survival, whether they were treated by wide local excision, with or without lymph node dissection, or by regional chemotherapy. For the more deeply invasive melanomas, rates of disease recurrence, survival and time to recurrence were all statistically better for those treated by regional therapy, confirming a treatment effect for malignant melanoma patients. PMID- 7272968 TI - Ultrasonically guided fine-needle biopsies in neoplastic liver disease: cytohistologic diagnoses and echo pattern of lesions. AB - Sixty consecutive percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsies guided by ultrasound were performed without complications in patients with ultrasonically suspected focal or diffuse neoplastic liver disease. Evaluations of aspirated samples were based on cytologic examination of smear preparations (100%) combined with histologic examination of serial sectioned tissue fragments (81.7%). The overall accuracy rate of cytohistologic evaluations was 91.6% with a sensitivity of 92.2%, a specificity of 88.9%, and a high predictive value of positive results (cytology; 97.8%; histology, 100%). Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy guided by sonography proved to be a safe, useful, and highly accurate technique for making cytohistologic diagnoses of hepatic masses suspected of being malignant. No relationship was found between the various echo patterns of intrahepatic neoplastic lesions and cell type or primary site of tumor origin. PMID- 7272969 TI - Distant metastasis of renal adenocarcinoma. AB - Renal adenocarcinoma in 1451 autopsy cases was classified according to the number of organs involved in distant metastasis, and the mode of metastasis. In cases with single-organ metastasis, lung and lymph node involvement was low (32% and 12%, respectively), but increased as the number of metastatically involved organs increased. Frequency of metastases to the pancreas, heart, and intestine rapidly increased as the number of involved organs increased, while the incidence of metastasis to the brain remained unchanged, regardless of the number of organs involved. A significant correlation was observed between metastases to the lung and organs involved. A significant correlation was observed between metastases to the lung and those to the pulmonary and tracheal lymph nodes, but not between those to the lung and those to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. While the frequency of metastases to the contralateral kidney and brain was significantly higher in cases with recurrence after nephrectomy than in those who did not undergo nephrectomies, the frequencies of metastases to other organs was similar in these two groups. The number of metastatically involved organs is useful in analyzing the mode of metastasis. PMID- 7272970 TI - Patterns of recurrence following curative resection alone for adenocarcinoma of the rectum and sigmoid colon. AB - Two-hundred-four patients with previously untreated adenocarcinoma of rectum, rectosigmoid, and sigmoid colon were retrospectively evaluated to determine patterns of recurrence following curative resection. Seventy-eight (38%) subsequently developed recurrent disease. Of these, 40% (31/78) presented with local recurrence alone, 28% (22/78) with regional recurrence, 15% (12/78) with concomitant local recurrence and distant metastasis, and 17% (13/78) with distant metastasis alone. The degree of tumor anaplasia and depth of tumor penetration into the bowel wall influenced the rate of local recurrence. Through five years local recurrence without clinical evidence of distant metastasis was the most common cause of death. Need for adjuvant radiation therapy is discussed. PMID- 7272971 TI - Is LDH of prognostic value in acute leukemia? PMID- 7272972 TI - Gynecologic oncology: changing perspectives. AB - As knowledge grows and our experience is tabulated and analyzed, there must occur modifications in our management of disease and in the principles and policies that direct our decisions. In gynecologic oncology, some degree of change in perspective has taken place in almost every aspect, in prevention, screening, detection, diagnostics, and therapeutics, as well as in the attention devoted to the sociologic, emotional, and political implications of cancer in women. The specialty is now 50 years old and was established and fostered by physicians who thought in surgical terms and who were willing and competent to extend their technical arena as far and as fast as continuous improvements in anesthesia and other support measures permitted. The textbooks and journal publications of that era clearly mirror this emphasis. A new generation of gynecologic oncologists has assumed leadership. Their training is broad, and their knowledge and competence extends far beyond technical surgery. This is well illustrated by the program of this conference. And comparison of this program with that of the last session five years ago clearly demonstrates how far we have come from a time of preoccupation with morphology and technique. PMID- 7272973 TI - Clear cell adenocarcinoma and the current status of DES-exposed females. AB - Currently, over 400 cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix occurring in females born after 1940 have been accessioned into the Registry for Research on Hormonal Transplacental Carcinogenesis. Cases have been identified throughout the United States as well as Australia, Canada, Mexico, and Europe. Intrauterine exposure to DES and similar nonsteroidal estrogens have been uncovered in about two-thirds of the cases with an available maternal history. A peak in the age incidence curve of the DES-related cases has been observed at about 19 years with the age range being 7-30 years. The five-year survival for 400 patients has been 80%. Numerous nonmalignant epithelial changes have been observed. It appears that there has not been an increase in the occurrence of premalignant or malignant squamous cell lesions among the DES exposed. Premature birth has been more common among DES-exposed women. For those in whom there is evidence of a midpregnancy loss or premature ripening of the cervix during pregnancy, a cerclage procedure has been effective in producing a desirable outcome. PMID- 7272974 TI - Imaging of the pelvic contents in the female oncologic patient. PMID- 7272975 TI - Endometrial monitoring of high-risk women. AB - The outpatient monitoring of the endometrium is mandatory in a defined high-risk population. Countless reports support this thesis. The authors' candidates for screening include initial samples of all patients over 40 years of age, with annual evaluation of a high risk group. This included patients with a family history of endometrial cancer, where the endometrium is subjected to continue estrogen stimulation either exogenous or endogenous, abnormal perimenopausal or postmenopausal bleeding, low fertility, and the medical triad of obesity, diabetes and/or hypertension. The methodology of monitoring is outlined and assessed. The ease of performance, inexpensiveness, and accuracy of 94% had led the authors to support cytology. Combined cytology, histology and hysteroscopy are needed in selected cases. PMID- 7272976 TI - The abnormal Pap smear--what to do next? AB - The patient with an abnormal Papanicolaou smear must have proper and adequate diagnostic evaluation to determine the degree of cervical abnormality. Gross clinical evaluation alone is inadequate for definitive diagnosis because cytologic screening identifies patients with preclinical disease. Outpatient diagnostic evaluation must include colposcopy, colposcopic-directed biopsies, endocervical curettage, and pelvic examination. Conization of the cervix is required whenever these techniques are unsatisfactory or are unable to rule out invasive cancer. When outpatient diagnostic procedures including cytologic analysis rule out invasive disease, one may elect cryosurgery, electrocautery, or laser in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Nevertheless, conization or hysterectomy may be inpatient treatments for selected patients. PMID- 7272977 TI - The early diagnosis of breast cancer. AB - Changes in the breast begin at the time of puberty because of the cyclical influence of ovarian hormones. This intermittent stimulation usually results in some nodularity of the breast by the time a woman reaches 30 and frequently at an earlier age. The real importance of fibrocystic disease is related to the problem of differential diagnosis of benign from malignant lumps. Mammography has become the standard method for detecting lumps in the early, nonpalpable stage, but refinements in thermography, ultrasound, and CT scanning may become more useful. Considerable work is apparently being done on various chemical markets, but at the present time, they are not sufficiently reliable for routine clinical use. Fine needle aspiration biopsy with cytologic analysis has become more popular as a detection method, and core needle biopsies with histology are sometimes used. Analysis of nipple secretions for chemical markers or for cytologic diagnosis may become more reliable. A combination of factors will probably give the best results, at least in the foreseeable future, and the judgment of an informed and skilled examiner will remain the best method for the detection of early breast cancer for many years to come. PMID- 7272978 TI - The responsibility of the family physician in the detection of gynecologic cancer. AB - The family physician's role in health maintenance and preventive medicine places him or her in a unique position in providing care for the gynecologic patient. Illness as well as health has been a traditionally matriarchal responsibility and therefore places the woman at risk for gynecologic cancer in contact with her family physician at a greater frequency than other specialties. Caring for the family's health needs should be used as an opportunity for the physician and the patient to discuss her own personal health care needs, which include those in the field of gynecology. Family physicians will not provide definitive treatment for major gynecologic malignancies; however physicians must know the best referral opportunities available to the patient and to the consultant. The family physician must further be able and willing to reassume follow-up care after definitive therapy has been effected. PMID- 7272979 TI - Pretreatment staging. AB - The current rules of staging are reviewed briefly in this paper, and the various diagnostic procedures of value outlined. The use of the pretreatment laparotomy is discussed as it applies to cervical, endometrial, and ovarian malignancies. It has been shown to be of significant benefit in endometrial carcinoma under selected situations, whereas in cervical carcinoma there is new information indicating benefit to patients as well. It has enhanced our knowledge of the natural history of the diseases. The important details of its use are discussed along with current data showing the importance of the diaphragm, paraaortic nodes, and peritoneal cytology in defining the extent of disease. PMID- 7272981 TI - Psychosocial impact of gynecologic cancer. AB - The stress that a cancer diagnosis places on a patient and family is frequently aggravated by management and treatment, unless considerable attention is paid to psychologic and social coping and adaptational issues. Cancer arouses feelings of helplessness, dependency, guilt, alienation, and vulnerability, and depending on the stage of illness and on the degree of therapeutic mutilation of genital organs, long-term suffering may ensue unless attention is paid to the support systems available to the patient. Support includes information sharing, exploring fears and fantasies, helping patients feel some element of control, and, not infrequently, putting patients in touch with others who had adapted to the experience. Considerable attention is now being paid to sexual counseling in recognition of the need for intimate bonding that exists in people. The physician's responsibility in cancer management is to provide resource directly or by referral in order to maintain the morale system of the patient and family over a long time period. PMID- 7272980 TI - Prognostic factors in cervical carcinoma: implications in staging and management. AB - Individualization of treatment using judicious combinations of external and intracavitary irradiation remains the cornerstone of the radiation management of carcinoma of the cervix. The inherent propensity of this cancer to either confine itself to the pelvis or else spread in a systematic and predictable manner through lymphatic channels has facilitated its therapeutic control. The treatment of most early invasive cervical carcinomas is equally advantageous using either intracavitary radium or surgery. However, certain Stage I patients have morphologic and histologic characteristics that militate against tumor control. Factors such as tumor size, depth of invasion, vascular infiltration, uterine extension, and barrel-shaped presentation affect the course of the disease and survival. A clinical-pathologic staging for cervical carcinoma incorporating the above mentioned factors into the current clinical FIGO staging system has been suggested. It aims to facilitate the recognition of those early tumors that require additional external radiotherapy. A description of the role of surgery, intracavitary and external radiation, and their combinations is included. In advanced carcinoma of the cervix, failure can be attributed to either large tumors containing cores of hypoxic cells resistant to conventional radiation therapy or to uncontrolled subclinical disease in the lymphatics at or near the border of the irradiated area. Radiotherapy combined with surgery, oxygen enhancers, infusion chemotherapy, and large particle high LET radiation has been implemented to increase local control; for distal failures, extended field irradiation of paraaortic nodes has been found to be technically feasible and well tolerated and is being studied for its effects on increased survival. The rationale for newer treatment procedures, including preliminary results and their complications, is discussed. PMID- 7272982 TI - The value of a Pap smear program and suggestions for its implementation. AB - The cervical cancer screening program in the Province of British Columbia has been operating since 1949. In the opinion of the author, it has contributed substantially to the reduction in incidence and mortality of clinical squamous carcinoma of the cervix. The data base of the program has allowed the author to observe changes in the age-specific rates of preclinical carcinoma. The author has also been able to make some observations about the periodicity of Pap smear examinations. The organization of the colposcopy program in the province are discussed as is the effect of this new treatment on the data resulting from the program. PMID- 7272983 TI - The role of a nurse-clinician in joint practice with gynecologic oncologists. AB - Increasing interest in nurse-physician collaborative practice resulted in a study proposing to profile a nurse-clinician in joint practice with gynecologic oncologists. The functions performed in the work setting and the undertaking of other activities in professional life are seen as the instrumental features of the nursing role. Nurses and physicians responded to a questionnaire related to nursing functions involving teaching, research, professional development and the independent and medically overlapping activities of patient care. Physicians indicated a perception of the nurse in a liaison role. Nurses perceived a strong obligation to perform functions relating to professional development. Psychosocially oriented care components ranked prominently in the perception of both groups. Data from the study suggests that the specialized nurse occupies an integrating role with physicians in meeting health care needs of patients. Implications from the findings are translated to the practical setting through a description of duties of the gynecologic oncology nurse. PMID- 7272984 TI - Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XLIV. A method for chromosome analysis of solid tumors. AB - Mechanical and enzymatic disaggregation procedures have been utilized for the preparation of materials suitable for chromosome examination of tissues from various kinds of solid tumors. A great number of the cells disaggregated with the latter procedure were observed to attach to the bottom of culture flasks after 2 days in vitro; cells obtained with the former method were not attached. In general, the enzymatic procedure yielded a significantly larger number of viable cells that would undergo mitosis after short term culture and considerably improved the quality of banding as compared to the mechanical method. However, there were no significant differences among the basic karyotypes observed in the cells obtained by the mechanical approach versus those seen following the enzymatic method. This evidence, together with the high success rate of karyotyping in the enzyme-treated preparations, suggest that this should be the procedure of preference for cytogenetic examination of various tumors, particularly where in the past karyotypic examination has been very difficult, e.g., the early stages of tumor development. PMID- 7272985 TI - The 5q - chromosome in a case of erythroid hypoplasia. AB - A case of erythroid hypoplasia with refractory anemia and an interstitial deletion of the long arm of one chromosome No. 5 is described. This 5q- anomaly has been previously described in cases of refractory anemia with erythroid hypoplasia or hyperplasia, and acute myelogenous leukemia. The relationship between the 5q- chromosome and associated clinical features is discussed together with evidence against a geographical localization. PMID- 7272986 TI - Cytogenetic analysis on eight human breast tumor cell lines: high frequencies of 1q, 11q and HeLa-like marker chromosomes. AB - The chromosomal constitution of 8 human breast tumor cell lines has been analyzed by conventional staining and G-banding methods. The stem line number was established in each case. In all cell lines, a large number of marker chromosomes have been identified. In addition to the 1q marker chromosome, previously reported to be present in several breast tumors from this laboratory, we also found marker chromosomes involving the 11q segment in all 8 cases, and markers resembling some of those found in the Hela cells in 6 out of 8 lines. It appears that the primary genetic (and cytogenetic) changes are specific for each type of target cell and are not shared by other neoplasms. Marker chromosomes found in different types of tumors may represent genetic changes associated with cancer progression, which may be the result of a multitude of genetic alterations. PMID- 7272987 TI - Three or four copies of a dicentric 17q isochromosome in an acute myeloproliferative disorder. AB - The majority of metaphases in the bone marrow of a male patient aged 72 with a rapidly evolving aleukemic erythremic myelosis had 48 chromosomes with three copies, or 49 chromosomes with four copies, of an i(17q), which was seen to be dicentric in C-banded and Giemsa-11-banded preparations. There was also loss of a chromosome No. 5 and the addition of a chromosome resembling a No. 22. The presence of multiple copies of the isochromosome is postulated to be related to the acuteness of the condition. PMID- 7272989 TI - Marker chromosome 20q- does not arise only in bone marrow disorders. PMID- 7272988 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in aplastic anemia. AB - The incidence of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in the lymphocytes of patients with aplastic anemia (AA) was determined before and after exposure to mitomycin C (MMC). The "baseline" SCE rate was significantly higher in AA, but MMC-induced SCE rate was not different compared to controls. It is suggested that some patients with AA may have an underlying DNA damage. PMID- 7272991 TI - Preferential involvement of chromosome 1q in a primary breast carcinoma. AB - The cytogenetic findings by G- and C-banding in a primary breast carcinoma are reported. The tumor is characterized by a high modal number of chromosomes (79) and 14 markers of ten different origins. Chromosome #1 is more frequently involved in structural and numerical aberrations than is any other chromosome; nine copies of 1q were present in each cell examined. This observation supports the hypothesis that duplication of chromosome 1q may play an important role in the progression of malignant tumors. PMID- 7272990 TI - T(y;14) - a new type of 14q+ marker chromosome. PMID- 7272992 TI - Multiple active X chromosomes in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. AB - A woman with myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia had a karyotype of 47,X,del(X)(q22),+del(X)(q22) in unstimulated peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate cultures. The normal X chromosome was late replicating, and the two deleted X chromosomes always replicated early and synchronously. The karyotype from phytohemagglutin-stimulated peripheral blood cultures was uniformly 46,XX. Structurally abnormal X chromosomes are exceedingly rare in myeloproliferative disease. The abnormal karyotype very likely reflects monoclonal proliferation of an abnormal myeloid cell line. The X chromosome inactivation process, which acts upon embryonic somatic cells of all mammals, apparently does not react to postembryonic nondisjunction of the active X chromosome. PMID- 7272993 TI - Association of monosomy 7 with myelodysplasia following chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease: serial observations. AB - Myelodysplasia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following therapy for Hodgkin's disease are observed rather frequently. Herein, we describe a patient with this syndrome treated with prolonged chemotherapy (alone), having a monosomy 7 karyotype. Cytogenetic studies were performed serially during the myelodysplasia preceding overt leukemia. Review of the literature and relevance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7272994 TI - Clastogenic activity of dried fruits. AB - The clastogenic activities of several commercially-dried fruits, including black and golden-seedless raisins, medium-sized California prunes, table dates, bananas, California black mission figs and breakfast apricots, were examined using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as the test organism and chromosome aberrations as the endpoint. Treatment of the CHO cells with water extracts of these dried fruits significantly increased the frequencies of metaphase plates with 1 chromosome break or exchange as well as the average number of chromosome exchanges per metaphase plate. A liver microsomal S9 mixture reduced this clastogenic activity. Dried fruits represent an example of widely consumed food products with strong genotoxic activities. PMID- 7272995 TI - Determination of mutagens, amino-alpha-carbolines in grilled foods and cigarette smoke condensate. AB - The amounts of 2 mutagens, 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AC) and 2-amino-3 methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (MeAC), in grilled foods and cigarette smoke condensate wer3e determined by analysis system composed of HPLC and spectrofluorometer. The AC and MeAC contents of 1 g of grilled beef were 650.8 ng and 63.5 ng, respectively. They were equivalent to those of about 8 cigarettes. The smoke condensate of a blended cigarette (A) contained 79.7 ng of AC and 6.2 ng of MeAC. PMID- 7272996 TI - Determination of thioproline in plasma using high performance liquid chromatography. AB - The determination of thioproline in plasma of cancer patients, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is reported. As column support, a silica bonded cation exchanger was used. Detection was performed at 205 nm. The detection limit of the method was 5 X 10(-6) M and the linear dynamic range was over 500. No sample clean-up procedure was necessary other than deproteinization of the plasma. The method was applied to the measurement of plasma drug levels in 3 patients, part of a clinical trial testing the effectiveness of thioproline as an anti-cancer agent. PMID- 7272997 TI - Studies of DNA damage in rat pancreas and liver by 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, ethyl diazoacetate and azaserine. AB - One hour following intraperitoneal injection of the pancreatic and liver carcinogen azaserine, 10 mg/kg (0.06 mmol/kg), DNA damage is present in both pancreas and liver of Wistar/Lewis rats as determined with alkaline sucrose gradients. Single injections (0.06 mmol/kg) of either of 2 structural analogues of azaserine, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) and ethyl diazoacetate (EDA), do not damage pancreatic or liver DNA. EDA administered at 0.5 mmol/kg damages liver DNA, but not pancreatic DNA. Total radioactivity in pancreas and liver of Wistar rats 1 h after intravenous injection of [14C]azaserine, (10 microCi/kg), is 2.8 and 1.3 times respectively, the level of 14C-activity in pancreas and liver following injection [14C]EDA. Three to four times as much [14C]EDA localizes in the liver of Wistar rats as in the pancreas. Azaserine (0.06 mmol/kg weekly for 6 weeks) induces atypical acinar cell nodules (AACN) in pancreas of Wistar/Lewis rats. DON (0.06 mmol/kg weekly for 6 weeks) induces an elevated incidence, but low number of AACN in pancreas. EDA (0.10 mmol/kg weekly for 6 weeks) does not induce pancreatic AACN. PMID- 7272998 TI - A novel method for the small scale synthesis of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and its adducts. AB - The carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-acetoxy-AAF) can be synthesized effectively in milligram amounts by reacting N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N hydroxy-AAF) with acetic anhydride in a continuously mixed, closed 2-phase system consisting of ethyl ether/petroleum ether (2 : 1 v/v) and dilute sodium bicarbonate. The organic phase containing N-acetoxy-AAF can be added directly to 10 mm sodium citrate/20% ethanol to synthesize nucleoside or nucleotide adducts without the need to crystallize or resuspend N-acetoxy-AAF in a polar solvent. The advantage of the method is that it makes possible the synthesis of nucleic acid derivatives of N-acetoxy-AAF with high specific activity in small quantities. PMID- 7272999 TI - The metabolism of 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, an N-heterocyclic aromatic, in the isolated perfused lung. AB - The metabolism of a carcinogenic N-heterocyclic aromatic, 7H dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, was investigated in an isolated perfused rabbit lung preparation in a rat liver microsomes. A major metabolite produced in both preparation is the 7-hydroxydibenzo[c,g]carbazole. A substantial percentage of this metabolite is found in the tracheabronchi, which would be consistent with the high incidence of respiratory tract tumors due to dibenzo[c,g]carbazole. PMID- 7273000 TI - Transplacental carcinogenic effect of n-nitrosoethylurea in dogs. AB - During the late period of pregnancy (on the 50th and 53rd days post coitum) 2 dogs were injected intraperitoneally with 100 mg/kg (a single administration) of nitrosoethylurea. Nine puppies were born. During the 9 year period of observation no tumours were detected in mother-dogs. Three of 9 offspring developed the following tumours: brain haemangioblastoma (on the 526th day after administration), nephroblastoma and spleen angioleiomyoma (on the 845th day after administration) and adenoma of thyroid gland (after 7 years). Among other lesions 3 offspring-dogs developed polycystic kidneys. The revealed tumours of brain, kidney and spleen could be connected with transplacental carcinogenic effect of N nitrosoethylurea (NEU), while neoplasms of these localizations and types rarely occur in dogs spontaneously. PMID- 7273001 TI - Inhibition of cell growth by N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate in human and murine cells in vitro. AB - Two murine cell lines, L1210 leukemia (T-cell) and B16 melanoma, and 3 human cell lines, CCRF-CEM leukemia (T-cell), NC37 lymphoblasts (B-cell) and IPC-48 melanoma were compared with respect to sensitivity to N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA), growth rate and aspartate transcarbamylase activity. No correlation between drug sensitivity and growth rate was found. The melanoma cell lines were more sensitive to PALA than were the lymphocytic cell lines. The 2 T-cell leukemia lines had similar sensitivities to PALA while the B-lymphoblasts were more resistant at 10(-3) M PALA and less resistant at 10(-4) M PALA than were L1210 and CCRF-CEM cells. Aspartate transcarbamylase activity was similar among the 2 melanoma cell lines and among the 3 lymphocytic cell lines and was 2-fold higher in the latter. PMID- 7273003 TI - Effect of storage on carcinogenic activity of bracken fern. AB - Effect of storage on carcinogenic activity of bracken fern was examined with inbred strain ACI rats of both sexes. The experiment was broken down into 3 groupings: Group I received a diet containing fresh dry bracken powder: Group II received a diet which contained the same dry bracken powder used in Group I but preserved for 1 year at 4 degrees C (Group II-C) or room temperature (Group II R); Group III received the diet containing bracken powder preserved for 2 years at 4 degrees C (Group III-C) or room temperature (Group III-R). Three control groups corresponding to Groups I, II and III were fed a normal basal diet. Significant differences in incidence of ileal tumors were observed between Group I and both groups of Group III and latent period of intestinal tumors in Group II or III was longer than that of Group I. The results indicate a decreased carcinogenic activity of bracken fern by preservation. PMID- 7273002 TI - Corticosteroid prevention of carcinogenesis in benzo[a]pyrene or ultraviolet irradiation-treated Syrian hamster cells in vitro. AB - Cortisol and dexamethasone, at 10(-9)--10(-11) M, inhibit benzo[a]pyrene and ultraviolet irradiation-induced morphological transformation of hamster embryo fibroblasts without inhibiting cell proliferation in a cell culture model of carcinogenesis. Inhibition varies directly with steroid concentration and is complete at equimolar doses for these glucocorticosteroids possessing a 30-fold difference in anti-inflammatory activity. Corticosteroids are known to affect enzymes metabolizing carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PCH) and to inhibit complete PCH and phorbol ester promotion of PCH tumorigenesis. The pleotropic anti-carcinogenic action of corticosteroids is further demonstrated by the prevention of transformation induced by ultraviolet irradiation, a carcinogen not requiring metabolic activation. PMID- 7273004 TI - Cell density dependent DNA replication in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. AB - DNA replication of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells was investigated in suspensions with different cell densities by incorporation in vitro of tritiated thymidine and alkaline sucrose gradient analysis of the newly formed DNA. It is demonstrated that the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and chain growth of newly made DNA decreases with increasing cell density. The inhibition of DNA synthesis observed at high cell densities can be prevented if diffusible substances are removed by incubating the cells in dialysis tubes. This indicates that the changes in DNA synthesis are caused by diffusible inhibitors released from the tumour cells. PMID- 7273005 TI - The interaction of ionizing radiation and food pyrolysis products in producing oncogenic transformation in vitro. AB - Short term cultures of golden hamster embryo cells were exposed to X-irradiation and/or to 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3,-b]indole (Trp-P-2), a pyrolysis product of GL-tryptophan. Oncogenic transformation was scored following treatment with radiation and the pyrolysate, alone or in combination. Pre-treatment of the cells with 50 rad or 150 rad and subsequent exposure to 0.5 microgram/ml Trp-P-2, resulted in a higher transformation frequency as compared to that observed following exposure to the single agents. The enhanced frequency was related to the absorbed dose of radiation. The data suggest a synergistic interaction between X-rays and the pyrolysis product in their oncogenic action. PMID- 7273007 TI - Formation of nitroso compounds and mutagens from tranquilizers by drug/nitrite interaction. AB - The formation of nitroso compounds and mutagens by drug/nitrite interaction was screened for 14 tranquilizers. The drug (0.05 M) was reacted with nitrite (0.5 M) at pH 3-3.5. After 4 h at 37 degrees C, nitroso compound formation was observed for flupentixol, chlordiazepoxide, spiperone, thiothixene, and chlorprothixene in more than 40% yield. Mutagenicity was found in the reaction products of opipramol, chlordiazepoxide, bromazepam, thiothixene, and carpipramine by the Ames assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 as tester strains. PMID- 7273006 TI - The use of a tumor promoter as a single parameter approach for the detection of individuals genetically predisposed to colorectal cancer. AB - The effects of the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), on the proliferation of cultured skin fibroblasts from individuals genetically prone to colorectal cancer have been investigated. Skin fibroblasts (SF) from both colorectal-prone and normal individuals displayed an unusual biphasic dose response relationship, but the latter are considerably more sensitive to the toxic effects of TPA. The results indicate that measurement of cloning efficiency in the presence of a TPA probe, provides a reliable assay to further distinguish skin fibroblasts of colorectal-prone individuals from those of normal subjects in vitro. PMID- 7273009 TI - Formation of mutagens in cooked foods. IV. Effect of fat content in fried beef patties. AB - Cooking beef patties results in the formation of mutagens detectable by Salmonella typhimurium TA98 with metabolic activation. We now show that the amount of fat in beef affects the quantity of mutagens formed. While char increases with increasing fat, over the range of 5-309% of added fat content, mutagenicity reaches a peak at 10% added fat and subsequently decreases. Thus, char formation is not an accurate measure of mutagenicity. These results suggest that fat plays an important role in mutagen formation in fried beef. PMID- 7273008 TI - Induction by phenobarbital of ornithine decarboxylase activity in rat liver after initiation with diethylnitrosamine. AB - Dietary administration of 0.1% phenobarbital (PB) for 1-2 weeks increased ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity slightly but to a significant extent (P less than 0.05) in livers of rats into which diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (200 mg/kg body wt) had been injected intraperitoneally 2 weeks before phenobarbital feeding. The increase was observed only under the controlled feeding schedule which avoided the effect of food intake. PMID- 7273010 TI - Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with a combination of PALA and 5-FU. AB - Fifty-one previously untreated patients with advanced, measurable colorectal cancer were randomized to receive single doses of PALA and 5-FU either weekly (24 patients) or daily for 5 days every 4 weeks (27 patients). In both schedules the daily dose of PALA was administered iv over 1 hour, while the dose of 5-FU was administered iv over 30 minutes, starting 3 hours after completion of the PALA dose. Doses of both drugs were changed simultaneously, based on toxic effects. Partial responses were seen in four of 24 evaluable patients receiving the weekly regimen and in three of 26 patients receiving the 5-day regimen. Skin rash, mucositis, and diarrhea were the dose-limiting toxic effects in both treatment regimens. These toxic effects were more common and severe at higher doses and on the weekly schedule. Myelosuppression was mild and moderate, the doses and schedules used in this study did not significantly increase the activity of 5-FU. Further evaluation of these doses and schedules for activity against colorectal cancer is not warranted. PMID- 7273011 TI - Influence of estrogen receptor status on response to combination chemotherapy for recurrent breast cancer. AB - To determine the influence of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor (ER) status on response to chemotherapy among patients with recurrent breast cancer amenable to biopsy, we studied 65 patients who had ER determinations performed on metastatic lesions. The response to combination chemotherapy and duration of survival were determined in 49 of these patients who receive cytotoxic chemotherapy as their sole modality of treatment. Compared to patients with ER levels less than 3 femtomols/mg, patients with an ER concentration greater than or equal to femtomols/mg had a higher response rate (57% vs 21%, P less than 0.05) and a longer survival (35 vs 13 patients was attributable to response to subsequent hormonal manipulations. These differences between ER-positive and ER-negative patients were lessened by redefining ER-positive as greater than 10 femotomols/mg. Nevertheless, at our institution patients with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer have a higher response rate to chemotherapy and survive longer than their ER-negative counterparts. PMID- 7273014 TI - Phase II evaluation of PALA in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. PMID- 7273012 TI - Vindesine in the treatment of refractory breast cancer: improvement in therapeutic index with continuous 5-day infusion. AB - Sixty patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to prior doxorubicin combinations were randomized by performance status, dominant disease site, and number of involved organ sites to receive vindesine either as a bolus injection of 3-4 mg/m2 iv every 10-14 days or as a continuous 5-day infusion of 1-1.2 mg/m2/day every 21 days. There were two patients with partial responses (7%) and six with stable disease among the 26 evaluable patients who received bolus injections. Of the 25 evaluable patients who received continuous infusions, seven achieved a partial response (28%) and 11 had stable disease (0.001 less than P less than 0.005). Thirteen patients, after failing to respond to bolus vindesine, were given continuous infusions. Of these, 11 were evaluable and four had partial response (36%). Responses were seen in all organ sites of involvement, with response duration ranging from 2 to 9+ months. Side effects included nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, constipation, neuropathy, fever, and myelosuppression. Except for myelosuppression, which was more evident with the continuous infusion schedule, no significant difference was seen in the frequency of side effects encountered with the two schedules. These results confirmed that there is an improved therapeutic index for vindesine when it is given as a continuous 5-day infusion. PMID- 7273015 TI - Phase I trial of dihydroxyanthracenedione. AB - Dihydroxanthracenedione was given to 16 patients with solid tumors in a phase I clinical trial. The dose schedule used was a single daily dose for 3 consecutive days given every 3 weeks. The amount given ranged from 2 to 5 mg/m2/day. The dose limiting toxic effect was moderate to severe leukopenia which occurred at a dose greater than or equal to 4 mg/m2/day X 3. Thrombocytopenia was infrequent and did not require transfusion. Nonhematologic side effects were insignificant and included nausea, vomiting, and green-tinged urine. A minor tumor response was noted in a patient with fibrosarcoma. The recommended doses for solid tumor phase II studies are 4 mg/m2/day X 3 for good-risk patients and 3 mg/m2/day X 3 for poor-risk patients, given every 3 weeks. PMID- 7273013 TI - Phase II study of diglycoaldehyde in malignant melanomas and soft tissue sarcomas. AB - A phase II study of diglycoaldehyde was conducted in 42 patients with malignant melanoma and soft tissue sarcoma. All patients received diglycoaldehyde at a dose of 2 g/m2 iv over 6 hours daily for 3 days. This was repeated every 28 days. Major toxic effects included phlebitis and azotemia, requiring dialysis in one patient. Of the 42 patients, 38 were evaluable for response. One objective response occurred in a patient with malignant melanoma. Diglycoaldehyde at this dose and schedule appears to have no role in the management of malignant melanoma or soft tissue sarcoma. PMID- 7273016 TI - Phase I trial of PCNU administered by 5-day courses. AB - PCNU was selected for clinical trials based on high activity in both standard and intracisternally transplanted murine tumors. PCNU was administered of five daily to 24 patients with refractory advanced solid tumors by courses of five daily iv injections every 6 weeks. The total dose ranged from 25 to 125 mg/m2/course. The major dose-limiting toxicity was reversible thrombocytopenia, with the nadi at 28 49 days and recovery by 2 weeks later. At a dose of 125 mg/m2/course, the mean nadir platelet count was 77 X 10(3)/mm3 (range, 16-201 X 10(3)/mm3). Recovery time was prolonged with successive courses in four patients, suggesting cumulative toxicity. The mean nadir of leukopenia at this dose was 2.6 X 10(3) cells/mm3 (range, 1.2-5.0 X 10(3) cells/mm3) and tended to occur with a later median at Day 44. Nausea and vomiting were unusually mild for a nitrosourea. Sporadic transaminasemia and elevated LDH may have been related to the vehicle, N,N'-dimethylacetamide. Other major organ toxic effects were not encountered, and there were no objective responses. PCNU was found to be a base-substitution mutagen in the Salmonella typhimurium assay. A starting dose of 125 mg/m2, divided into five daily doses, is suggested for phase II trails in patients with no significant hematologic compromise from prior chemotherapy or radiation, and a dose of 75 mg/m2 is recommended for all others. PMID- 7273017 TI - Phase I clinical study of dihydroxyanthracenedione administered on a 5-day iv schedule. AB - Dihydroxyanthracenedione is a new anthraquinone derivative with a wide spectrum of antitumor activity in experimental systems. A phase I clinical study was conducted using a 5-day iv schedule repeated every 3-4 weeks. Thirty-three adults with advanced refractory solid tumors received dihydroxyanthracenedione at daily doses ranging from 0.5 to 4 mg/m2. Neutropenia and, to a lesser degree, thrombocytopenia were dose-limiting toxic effects, although they were of brief duration. Other toxic effects were negligible. There were no complete or partial remissions in this study. We recommend that phase II studies of dihydroxyanthracenedione on a 5-day schedule use an initial daily dose of 4 mg/m2 for good-risk patients or 2-3 mg/m2 for poor-risk patients. Treatment courses can be repeated at 4-week intervals. PMID- 7273018 TI - Rescue of thymidine cytotoxicity in L1210 ascites by elevated endogenous levels of deoxycytidine. AB - Although the biochemical and cytokinetic effects of thymidine (TdR) have been extensively studied in vitro, other parameters may be encountered in vivo that could alter its therapeutic efficacy. L1210 cells in culture are sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of TdR, while TdR infusions in mice bearing L1210 ascites fail to prolong survival. Our results demonstrate that the TdR levels achieved in the serum and ascites fluid during sc and iv infusions range between 10(-4) and 10(-3) M. These levels are sufficient to inhibit the growth of bone marrow and intestinal mucosa cells, as evidenced by 32P incorporation studies. However, these TdR levels fail to exhibit the growth of L1210 ascites, despite the fact that these cells are sensitive to similar concentrations in vitro. The absence of growth inhibition in the L1210 ascites is shown to be due to increased endogenous CdR levels (approximately 2 X 10(-5) M) in the ascites fluid. The concomitant serum CdR levels were at least ten times lower than those achieved in the ascites. This factor probably accounts for the differential effect of TdR on normal cells as compared in vivo with agents such as TdR or even antimetabolites, such as cytarabine, may be modulated by increased CdR levels in the local tumor milieu. These studies are relevant in that TdR is currently being used in a variety of clinical protocols using the nucleoside alone at high doses or in combination with methotrexate, 5-FU, or cytarabine. PMID- 7273019 TI - Levodopa and dopamine analogs: dihydroxy and trihydroxybenzylamines as novel quinol antitumor agents in experimental leukemia in vivo. AB - Levodopa and dopamine demonstrate significant antitumor activity in several experimental systems. We have prepared the nonneurotoxic dihydroxybenzylamine (DHBA) analogs 2,3-DHBA, 3,4-DHBA, and 2,5-DHBA and the trihydroxy derivatives 2,3,4- and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzylamine. These analogs demonstrated significant and reproducible antitumor activity in the ip P388 and L1210 lymphocytic leukemias. This activity was markedly increased when the drugs were given by multiple injections three times daily for 4 days. 3,4-DHBA and 2,3-DHBA resulted in 30% and 20% long-term survivors, respectively. There was a selective inhibition of thymidine incorporation and a relatively lesser effect on uridine and leucine incorporations. Inhibitory concentrations were between 0.1 and 1.0 mM. The trihydroxy derivatives were more potent, with inhibitory concentrations between 0.01 and 1.0 mM. Furthermore, the trihydroxy derivatives were also able to inhibit the incorporation of uridine and leucine as well as thymidine. The para derivative, 2,5-DHBA, although a potent inhibitor in vitro, was completely inactive in vivo. When L1210 and P388 tumor-bearing animals were given radioactive labeled thymidine in vivo following the administration of drugs. a selective inhibition of thymidine incorporation by tumor cells was observed, with essentially no effect on gut or bone marrow. Doses greater than 200 mg/kg completely suppressed the incorporation of radioactively labeled thymidine by tumor cells 1 hour after administration of drug. A similar dose response was observed in the more slowly growing P388 leukemia, suggesting that the antitumor effect did not strongly correlate with rate of the tumor. Since levodopa and dopamine are currently being evaluated in patients with metastatic melanoma, the availability of analogs with enhanced antitumor activity and broader antitumor spectrum are of interest. PMID- 7273022 TI - Phase II trial of anguidine in patients with sarcomas unresponsive to prior chemotherapy: A Southwest Oncology Group Study. PMID- 7273021 TI - Broad phase II study of vindesine. AB - A broad phase II study of vindesine was conducted in 79 adults with advanced malignancies. Most patients had solid tumors, particularly adenocarcinomas (59%), and 67 patients had received prior chemotherapy which included vincristine in 24 patients and vinblastine in one. Depending on tolerance to previous therapy, patients received vindesine at doses of 3-4 mg/m2 administered iv at 2-week intervals. Objective tumor regressions were seen in eight of 36 patients (one complete response, one partial response [PR], and six minor responses) with colorectal cancer, one of four patients (PR) with squamous cell cancer of the esophagus, one of four patients (PR) with malignant melanoma, and one of two patients (PR) with lymphoma. Five of 11 responding patients had received vincristine previously. Toxic effects were manageable. The results of this study justify in-depth, disease-oriented phase II evaluations of vindesine, regardless of prior therapy with other vinca alkaloids. PMID- 7273020 TI - Melphalan, vincristine, and 5-FU in advanced colonic carcinoma: results of a pilot study. AB - The results of treatment with melphalan, vincristine, and 5-FU (MVF) in 32 patients with advanced colonic carcinoma are reported. The objective response rate among 31 patients with measurable disease was 16% (five patients responded). The projected survival for all 32 patients was 277 days. Patients with objective response to MVF had a projected survival of 314 days, significantly longer than the survival of patients with no response to therapy, 84 days (P = 0.01). While toxic effects were mild with MVF, this regimen appears to have greater activity in advanced colonic carcinoma than therapy with 5-FU alone or in combination with nitrosoureas. PMID- 7273023 TI - Phase I study on bruceantin administered on a weekly schedule. AB - Fifteen adult patients with advanced solid tumors received bruceantin at doses of 1.6-6.0 mg/m2 iv for 30 minutes/week X 4, followed by a 2-week rest. The dose limiting toxic effect was nausea and vomiting, which was more severe in patients with hepatic metastases or liver function abnormalities. Other sporadic toxic effects included fever, chills, malaise, alopecia, hypotension, thrombocytosis, and leukocytosis. Hematologic toxicity was insignificant. The recommended starting dose for phase II studies is 5 mg/m2/week X 4, every 6 weeks, with a reduction to 3 mg/m2 for patients with hepatic metastases. PMID- 7273024 TI - Phase I study of VP-16-213 (Etoposide) administered as a continuous 5-day infusion. AB - Twenty-four patients with advanced malignancy received 30 courses of VP-16-213 delivered by a protracted infusion for a minimum of 5 days or 120 hours in a phase I study to determine the maximum tolerated dose. Toxic effects included fluid overload (due to the necessary use of normal saline as the drug delivery vehicle), stomatitis, and marrow suppression with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Except for the stomatitis, gastrointestinal effects were virtually absent. The dose-limiting toxic effect was marrow suppression observed at a dose of 60 mg/m2/day X 5 days (300 mg/m2/course). Six of seven patients treated at this dose developed marrow suppression: 50% (three of six patients) had life-threatening leukopenia associated with fever only (one patient), sepsis (one), and septic death (one). PMID- 7273025 TI - Doxorubicin hypogastric artery infusion combined with hyperthermia therapy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. AB - Six patients with bulky state C bladder cancer underwent doxorubicin hypogastric artery infusion combined with local bladder hyperthermia as a preoperative adjunct to radical cystectomy. The regimen was well-tolerated. Extensive tumor necrosis on the bladder luminal surface was seen during histopathologic examination. PMID- 7273029 TI - Proper analysis of clinical trials for malignant glioma. PMID- 7273027 TI - Phase II trial of iv 6-thioguanine in advanced colorectal carcinoma. AB - Oral 6-thioguanine (6-TG) is an S-phase antimetabolite with significant activity against acute leukemia. Preliminary reports of activity of iv 6-TG indicated significant activity against advanced colorectal cancer. We conducted a phase II study of iv 6-TG in 29 patients with advanced measurable colorectal cancer. Only one transient partial response occurred. Toxic effects included mild myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, and minor ECG changes. We discourage further use of iv 6-TG in the dose and schedule we used to treat advanced colorectal cancer. PMID- 7273028 TI - Summary of the Workshop on Intraoperative Radiation Therapy. PMID- 7273026 TI - Progestin therapy for advanced ovarian cancer: a phase II Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial. PMID- 7273030 TI - Dianhydrogalactitol in the treatment of children with primary brain tumors. PMID- 7273031 TI - 5-FU, methotrexate, and mitomycin in advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma: a phase II study. PMID- 7273032 TI - Chemoimmunotherapy (DTIC and Corynebacterium parvum) for disseminated malignant melanoma. PMID- 7273033 TI - Synthesis of a hexasaccharide unit of a complex type of glycan chain of a glycoprotein. PMID- 7273034 TI - Separation of a complex mixture of oligosaccharides by HPLC on bonded-primary amine packing using a linear-gradient solvent system. PMID- 7273035 TI - 2,3-Dehydro-4-epi-N-acetylneuraminic acid; a neuraminidase inhibitor. AB - Treatment of N-acetylneuraminic acid methyl ester with sulfuric acid and acetic anhydride at 50 degrees followed by deacetylation gave 2,3-dehydro-2-deoxy-N acetylneuraminic acid methyl ester and methyl 5-acetamido-2,6-anhydro-2,3,5 trideoxy-D-glycero-D-talo-non-2-enonate (2,3-dehydro-4-epi-NeuAc methyl ester) in equal yields (approximately 40% each). The structure of the latter was ascertained primarily from analysis of its mass spectrum and 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The relative proportions of these two glycals in the foregoing reaction was dependent on temperature, as at 0 degrees, the yield of 2,3-dehydro-4-epi-NeuAc was markedly diminished. A minor by-product of this acetylation reaction was 2-methyl-(methyl 7,8,9-tri-O-acetyl-2,6-anhydro-2,3,5 trideoxy-D-glycero-D-talo-non-2-enonate)-[ 4,5-d]-2-oxazoline. Based upon this finding and additional interconversion experiments, a mechanism involving the intermediacy of the latter oxazoline to account for the epimerization is proposed. These glycals and their methyl esters are competitive inhibitors of Arthrobacter sialophilus, neuraminidase, suggesting that the 4-hydroxyl group must be equatorially oriented for maximal enzyme inhibition. PMID- 7273036 TI - Synthesis of carbohydrate analogs (positional, configurational, and optical) of n acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, and their immunoadjuvant activities. AB - 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-4- and -6-O-(D-2-propanoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine)-D glucopyranose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(D-2-propanoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine)-D allopyranose, -D-gulopyranose, -D-galactopyranose, -D-mannopyranose, and -L idopyranose, and 3-O-(D-2-propanoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine)-D- and -L glucopyranose were synthesized, in order to clarify the structural requirements for the immunoadjuvant activity of the carbohydrate moiety in N-acetylmuramoyl-L alanyl-D-isoglutamine. Immunoadjuvant activity of the N-acetylmuramoyl-dipeptide analogs was examined in guinea-pigs. PMID- 7273038 TI - Sudden disappearance and reappearance of the pathologic Q waves after successive myocardial necrosis: electrocardiographic and pathologic correlations. AB - A case with sudden disappearance of the pathologic Q waves of an old posterior myocardial infarction after a superimposed acute anterior infarction is reported. This phenomena probably is due to the loss of the opposing electromotive forces in the anterior myocardial wall after acute anterior myocardial necrosis. When a third acute lateral myocardial infarction occurred, new Q waves in the corresponding leads could be observed. Pathologic examinations documented three temporally and spaciously separate infarctions. Such correlations allow a better understanding of the electrocardiographic changes in patients with successive myocardial infarctions. PMID- 7273037 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography of sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides. PMID- 7273039 TI - Physical activity and physical fitness levels of Belgian males aged 40-55 years. AB - Physical activity during leisure time and on the job have been measured with standardized interview techniques in 1,513 normal men, aged 40-55 years, who were regularly employed in different industries. Physical fitness was simultaneously estimated by measuring the work load at which a heart rate of 150 bpm was reached on a standardized exercise test. The median energy expenditure from leisure time activities above the basal metabolic rate was 195 kcal/day; 19% of these activities were classified as heavy, 37% as moderate and 43% as light intensity. The median energy expenditure from job physical activity was 1,676 kcal/day including basal metabolic rate. The median physical fitness level was 125 W. The leisure time activity score was significantly related to physical fitness through the light and the heavy intensity subscores. Independently, job physical activity was also significantly related to physical fitness. However, both activity scores accounted for only 2% of the variance in physical fitness. The data illustrate an overall low energy expenditure profile of middle-aged normal men and a low order relationship between physical activity pattern and physical fitness. PMID- 7273040 TI - Left ventricular function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - We assessed the left ventricle function in 24 patients with severe (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec less than 50% of predicted) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in 21 normal people. We measured the left ventricular systolic time intervals (STI) and echocardiographic left ventricular diameters, volumes, cardiac index, stroke volume index, echo ejection fraction and functional mean rate of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf). In 13 of the 24 patients with COPD the mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary artery wedge pressure were recorded. The STI in the patients with COPD were found abnormal while the echocardiographic parameters and pulmonary wedge pressure were normal. 1 patient had a high pulmonary arterial wedge pressure and a low Vcf. 2 patients had an ejection fraction less than 60%, but in only 1 of these the Vcf was low. No patient had all three parameters abnormal. We conclude that in patients with COPD the increased right ventricular afterload and the interaction between left and right ventricles are responsible for the abnormal left ventricular STI, while the left ventricular function is normal. PMID- 7273041 TI - Arterial calcium metabolism, hypertension and arteriosclerosis. AB - Recent research emphasizes the importance of calcium transport in smooth muscle in the etiology of essential hypertension. Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis may be due to the deposition of such calcium in the media of the large arteries, made ischemic and necrotic by a decrease in adventitial blood supply, as well as a decrease in luminal endothelial and intimal permeability; and also aided by chemicals derived from fragmented elastic tissue. In atherosclerosis, rupture of the internal elastica causes smooth muscle to migrate into plaques which become cholesterol- and lipid-filled and finally calcified. Endothelial cracks or ulcers cause the deposition of platelets which have internal calcium transport mechanisms similar to those of smooth muscle and so, on deterioration, contribute to the deposition of calcium. In arterioles, where there is no or minimal adventitial blood supply, where smooth muscle contraction counteracts lateral stretch and hence rupture of the internal elastica and where pressures are lower, plasmatic protein influx, as well as necrosis, causes hyalinization and connective tissue scarring rather than calcium deposition. In other words, calcification of blood vessels may occur because of the precipitation of this ion from the sources already mentioned, as well as because of a possible attraction of the ion into the lesion from the blood stream. If it is precipitated as calcium apatite, the lesion can resemble bone. In veins and in the pulmonary artery, calcium deposition is rare except when there is increased pressure or thrombosis. PMID- 7273042 TI - Relationship between ventricular arrhythmias detected by ambulatory ECG monitoring and subsequent sudden cardiac death. AB - During the years 1971-1974, ambulatory ECG monitoring (AEM) during everyday activities was done in 888 consecutive subjects. Half of them were patients who suffered from chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD), while in the others no symptoms or signs of this disease were found. Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) were detected in 196 subjects of the former and in 190 of the latter group. The Bureau of Statistics provided information concerning the individuals who died before December 31, 1976, the cause of their death and whether or not the death occurred in hospital or was 'sudden'. We found that during the follow-up period, the rate of sudden cardiac death among the patients with IHD in whom AEM detected VA was higher than in subjects without VA. In the former group, there were 12 sudden cardiac deaths among 196 patients, while in the latter there were only 4 out of 248, a statistically significant difference. Sudden cardiac death was more frequent in individuals without IHD if AEM disclosed VA (4 sudden cardiac deaths among 190 subjects), as compared to individuals without VA (no sudden cardiac deaths among 254 subjects). PMID- 7273043 TI - A closed chest animal model for the study of reversible ischemia. AB - An experimental methodology consisting of partial coronary occlusions, pacing induced myocardial ischemia and photokymography-aided fluoroscopic study of segmental left ventricular motion, was verified in 14 closed chest dogs. A partial intracoronary occluder device was found suitable for single or multiple coronary arterial stenosis, and remained patent up to 10 h with 10/cm3 heparin administration. With 38% proximal left circumflex coronary artery stenosis, pacing up to 220 beats/min produced no significant regional or global left ventricular dysfunction. In contrast, a 68.5% stenosis which was not associated with dysfunction in the resting state produced significant derangements of segmental motions at a pacing rate of 150 beats/min. Photokymography probes placed at several segments of the left ventricular epicardial and endocardial interface delineated by fluoroscopy or ventriculography allowed monitoring of regional contractions in both pacing-induced ischemic and remote nonischemic zones. The methodology is considered ready for further applications in experimental studies of ischemic states and treatments, simulating clinically meaningful coronary stenosis in the animal without requiring prior thoracotomy and pericardiotomy for implanting occluders. PMID- 7273044 TI - Relationship of pulmonary diastolic and pulmonary wedge pressures to left ventricular diastolic pressures: role of acute myocardial infarction localization. AB - Right and left hemodynamics have been simultaneously studied in 127 patients with acute myocardial infarction with respect to electrocardiographic localization. Hemodynamic profiles of the different localizations suggest a high incidence of right ventricular dysfunction in infero-posterior infarcts. The comparison with the other localizations suggests that such a right ventricular dysfunction is likely to be responsible for an additional underestimation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure when estimated by pulmonary diastolic pressure. PMID- 7273045 TI - Sublingual isosorbide dinitrate in severe congestive heart failure. AB - Sublingual isosorbide dinitrate was administered to 17 patients with severe congestive heart failure to characterize the hemodynamic action of the drug. Isosorbide dinitrate effect was maximal 30-60 min after administration. The most striking effect was a marked fall of the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure which dropped from 28 to 20 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). Pulmonary artery systolic pressure dropped from 55 to 43 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and right atrial pressure from 11 to 8 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). Arterial blood pressure fell slightly whereas no significant change in heart rate or cardiac index was noted. 8 of the 17 patients showed a marked and sustained reduction of their pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. The hemodynamic response was moderate in 2 patients whereas 6 patients showed no appreciable improvement. A symptomatic but transient reduction in arterial blood pressure occurred in the last patient. Patients responding favorably to the drug had significantly higher initial systolic blood pressure that nonresponders (133 vs. 102 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). However, there was no reliable clinical parameter to predict which of the subjects will respond favorably to the administration of isosorbide dinitrate. PMID- 7273046 TI - The basis of 'force-velocity' indices as they are actually measured. PMID- 7273047 TI - Nonvagally mediated bradycardia during cardiac tamponade or severe hemorrhage. AB - Bradycardia was observed during acute cardiac tamponade and severe hemorrhage in pentobarbital-anesthetized morgrel dogs after bilateral cervical vagotomy, sympathectomy and intravenous atropine. An early and a late bradycardia developed during tamponade. A portion of the early bradycardia was produced by a paradoxical increase in vagal efferent nerve activity and a pacemaker shift; however, after vagotomy, sympathectomy and atropine, a significant (p less than 0.02) early and late bradycardia still developed during acute cardiac tamponade and severe hemorrhage. The activation sequence of high and low right atrial electrograms revealed that a pacemaker shift was responsible for the nonvagally mediated bradycardia observed with acute cardiac tamponade and severe hemorrhage. The early and late bradycardias occur with either tamponade or hemorrhage, suggesting that ischemia of the sinoatrial node was the apparent cause of the pacemaker shift and resultant bradycardia. PMID- 7273048 TI - Echocardiography in unstable angina. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether abnormalities on the echocardiograms of patients with unstable angina have any prognostic significance. 27 male patients, mean age 53 years, who fulfilled criteria for unstable angina and who responded to medical therapy, had echocardiograms within 48 h of admission and at discharge. Follow-up data were obtained from 7 patients during a postdischarge period of 6-26 weeks. 13 patients had mild exertional angina or were pain-free (group I) and 14 patients had either severe, stable angina pectoris or recurrence of their unstable angina (group II) during the follow-up period. When admission and discharge values were compared, the echocardiographic ratio of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension to mitral valve closure time (EDD/PR-AC) showed significant differences for both group I and group II (p less than 0.05). An abnormal EED/PR-AC ratio was present at discharge in 8 of 14 group II patients compared to only 1 of 13 group I patients (p less than 0.05). The mean values for end-diastolic dimension, mitral valve closure time, and amplitudes of interventricular septal and posterior left ventricular wall motion were not significantly different in comparisons between admission and discharge studies and between group I and group II patients. In 19 patients who had cardiac catheterization druing the follow-up period, the discharge EED/PR-AC ratio correlated inversely with the angiographic ejection fraction (r = 0.79; p less than 0.001). PMID- 7273049 TI - The relationship between frequent and complex ventricular ectopy during 24 h ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. AB - Complex and frequent ventricular ectopy have been associated with an increased risk of sudden death in certain patient groups. The evaluate the relationship between complexity and frequency of ventricular ectopy, 275 consecutive 20- to 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiograms were analyzed. The unselected study population included 56% males and the average age was 56. Prior myocardial infaraction was present in 28%. Dizziness, palpitations and syncope were present in 16, 30 and 13%, respectively. Complex ventricular ectopy (complexity) was definced as multiformity, bigeminy, couplets or salvos, ventricular tachycardia (VT), and R on T. Premature ventricular depolarizations (PVDs) were observed in 230 of 275 records and exhibited one or more criteria for complexity in 164 (71%). Of the 164 records with complexity, 71% had multiformity, 35% bigeminy, 32% couplets, 5% VT, and 22% R on T. Of 159 records with average PVD frequency less than or equal to 30/h, 98 (61%) exhibited complexity, whereas 66 of 71 (93%) records with greater than 30 PVD/h had complexity. Of 113 records with greater than 100 PDVs/24h, 102 (90%) exhibited complexity, whereas 60 of 99 (61%) records with between 2 and 100 PDVs on the entire record showed complexity. Of the 164 records with complexity, 43 had 'rare PVDs' (less than 30/24 h), but exhibited 72% multiformity, 5% begeminy, 25% couplets, 2% VT, and 14% R on T. This study demonstrates a high prevalence (50-60) of complexity in patients with 'infrequent' PDVs defined as less than 30/24 h, less than 30 average per h, or less than 30 per any 1 h. In approximately 25% of patients with infrequent PDVs, complexity included repetitive ventricular beating (couplets, salvos, or VT). These findings indicate that infrequent PVDs are often complex. PMID- 7273050 TI - Tissue and cell renewal in the natural aortic valve of rats: an autoradiographic study. PMID- 7273051 TI - Impulse propagation in normal and stenosed vessels. AB - The propagation of a transient pressure impulse in a viscoelastic medium was investigated by experiments using water-filled latex rubber tubing and the aorta of anaesthetised dogs. A 5 ms pressure impulse was produced by the impact of a solenoid driven hammer. The propagation characteristics of the impulse (attenuation and propagation velocity) along the vessel were determined by means of a catheter-tip pressure manometer placed at various distances distal to the impulse generator. The presence of stenoses of varying degrees of severity resulted in reflection of the impulse and the appearance of reflected pulses whose magnitude depended on the stenotic severity. The experiments suggest that for the technique to be used in the detection of local reflecting sites such as might result from vascular occlusive disease, the lesions should occlude at least 70% of the lumen and should be no more than 0.20 m distal to the impulse generator. PMID- 7273052 TI - Effect of moderate arterio-venous shunt on regional extraction, blood flow and oxygen consumption in the dog heart. AB - The effects of a moderate sized arterio-venous shunt on the relationship of oxygen supply to consumption were studied on a regional basis in the dog left ventricle. Experiments were conducted on fourteen hearts, seven in control pentobarbital-anaesthetised, open-chest dogs and seven in dogs with an additional abdominal aorto-caval shunt. Regional oxygen extraction was determined by a microspectrophotometric method and coronary blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. The shunt, when opened, allowed cardiac output to increase by 50%. This was accomplished by increasing stroke volume, not heart rate. In control animals the subendocardium exhibited higher oxygen extraction, coronary flow, and oxygen consumption than did the subepicardium. There were no differences between base and apex. In open-shunt animals, subepicardial subendocardial differences in extraction, flow and consumption were abolished. Subepicardial values for these in shunt animals were not different from the values obtained for the subepicardial values of controls. The subendocardium of shunt animals exhibited significant differences between base and apex for blood flow and oxygen consumption. There was a significant difference in subendocardial oxygen consumption between groups, the effect of the arterio-venous shunt being to reduce subendocardial consumption, especially in the apex, without reducing subepicardial oxygen consumption. PMID- 7273053 TI - How the left lung is perfused after ligating the left pulmonary artery in the pig at birth: clinical implications for the hypoperfused lung. AB - The left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus were ligated in 14 pigs at birth. Animals were sacrificed at intervals from 2 to 24 weeks of age. In the right lung the pulmonary artery and in the left, either the distal pulmonary artery, bronchial arteries or both were injected. The fixed lung specimens were studied by arteriography, dissection and microscopic examination of serial and random sections of lung tissue. The bronchial arterial circulation to, and within the right lung appeared normal and was similar to that described in the human lung. In the left lung, the bronchial arterial circulation hypertrophied rapidly during the first 2 weeks, and large anastomoses between pulmonary and systemic circulations were found at the same sites as in the normal pig lung. The position and structural characteristics of the anastomosing arteries is described in the different types of broncho-pulmonary connection. In most animals aged 16 weeks or more, peripheral bronchial arteries immediately proximal to the anastomotic sites, developed intimal and medial proliferation. The left lung continued to grow although in all animals it was small. The axial pulmonary artery and its branches became smaller with age. These findings help explain how the lung is perfused and grows in children with congenital heart disease and an acquired collateral pulmonary arterial circulation. PMID- 7273054 TI - Myocardial contractile force at high coronary arterial oxygen tension in dogs. AB - In 34 mongrel dogs, the left anterior descending coronary artery was perfused with the dog's own femoral arterial blood at a constant flow rate and the myocardial contractile force was measured using a myocardial strain gauge arch. When the femoral arterial blood was oxygenated (pO2 61.7 kPa (463 mmHg)) using an artificial lung, so that the perfused myocardium became hyperoxic, the myocardial contractile force was increased by 11.1 +/- 2.3%. When the perfusion rate was reduced by approximately 20%, there was a smaller increase in myocardial contractile force, 8.0 +/- 2.3%. If, in addition, oxygen inhalation was performed the myocardial contractile force decreased by 4.1 +/- 2.1%. In 10 mongrel dogs, the carotid arteries were perfused at a constant flow rate with femoral arterial blood from a donor dog. Oxygen inhalation by the donor dog caused a reduction in the myocardial contractile force of the experimental dog of 5.9 +/- 1.6%. It is suggested that oxygen has a direct effect in increasing myocardial contractile force. This increase is counteracted by oxygen-induced coronary vasoconstriction in some part and by a neurohumoral effect or suppression of chemoreceptor activity. PMID- 7273055 TI - Pulmonary circulation and loss of microspheres from the lung following acute pulmonary venous occlusion. AB - The pulmonary vein from right upper lobe was ligated in 15 rats while 15 others served as controls. Prior to occlusion, 15 mum microspheres were injected into the superior caval vein. Another population of 15 mum microspheres was similarly given 1 min, 10 min or 30 min after ligation. All rats were killed 5 min after the second microsphere injection. The weight of the ligated lobe was 63% higher than that of the controls. This was probably due to acute vascular congestion since no significant oedema developed. Increased weight caused a reduction in the number of preocclusion microspheres per gram of tissue in the ligated lobe. In addition a gradual loss of preocclusion microspheres took place following pulmonary venous ligation. After 35 min of ligation, 30% of the preocclusion spheres had disappeared from the ligated lobe. Postocclusion flow through the pulmonary artery into right upper lobe was estimated by microspheres from the second injection, and averaged 5% of normal flow. Following acute venous occlusion, a rapid dilatation of the bronchopulmonary communicating system probably takes place. By reversal of the flow in this system, blood and microspheres can be drained into the bronchial venous circulation. In spite of methodological problems caused by acute congestion and loss of microspheres after pulmonary venous occlusion, we consider the microsphere method to be useful for further studies of collateral lung circulation. PMID- 7273056 TI - King Faisal Specialist hospital and Research Centre cardiovascular Surgery Unit: progress report after two years. PMID- 7273057 TI - Respiratory heart rate relationships (RHRR) in the armadillo during partial A-V block. PMID- 7273059 TI - Management of severe foot ischemia by low lumbar selective ganglionectomy. PMID- 7273060 TI - General dermatologic use of hydroxamic acid. AB - Fifty clinic patients with mild to moderately severe dermatoses were treated for three weeks with bufexamac, a hydroxamic acid compound with anti-inflammatory properties. Half the patients had either contact or seborrheic dermatitis; the remaining 25 were distributed among five other diagnostic categories. Evaluation and grading of signs and symptoms were done at initial visit; changes resulting from topical treatment with bufexamac cream were monitored at weekly intervals. Forty-three (86%) patients had a good or very good response; seven were treatment failures. In terms of weighted response scores, those of patients with seborrheic, contact, or solar dermatitis were above the median for all scores, with lesser intensity of efficacy in the remaining diagnostic groups. Clinical cures were noted in 20 patients by week 2, in 17 by week 3, and six by the fourth or fifth week. No side effects were reported. PMID- 7273058 TI - Tissue-cultured smooth muscle cells from normal and atherosclerotic arteries. PMID- 7273062 TI - Acutely ill schizophrenic patients treated with loxapine. A clinical study in a community mental health center. AB - The efficacy and safety of loxapine oral concentrate were evaluated in 17 acutely ill schizophrenic patients at a community mental health center. During the four week study, dosage was flexible to a maximum of 250 mg daily (mean daily dose, 176 mg). Psychiatric evaluations were made with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Systematic Nurses Observation of Psychopathology (SNOOP), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale at baseline, after 48 hours of treatment, and then after one, two, three, and four weeks of medication. Mean BPRS total score results showed significant improvement from baseline (50% of the maximum possible) after treatment for one week. The improvement in mean BPRS total scores. The mean CGI scale out the study and reached a significant 63% of the maximum possible at week four. Changes from baseline in the mean SNOOP total scores were also significant and paralleled those of the BPRS total scores. The mean CGI scale results showed significant improvement from baseline at each measurement time. Eight patients experienced adverse reactions, the majority of which were reversible extrapyramidal effects. Laboratory tests and vital signs showed no remarkable changes during the study. Loxapine oral concentrate was an effective and safe medication in this series of acutely ill schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7273061 TI - Pirifibrate in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia: types IIa, IIb, and IV. AB - Pirifibrate was given to 53 patients with type IIa, IIb or IV hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP), and the results of the first three months of treatment were evaluated. Patients in the study had cholesterol and triglyceride plasma levels higher than 300 mg/100 ml and 200 mg/100 ml, respectively, after following a diet without any pharmacological treatment for one month. After treatment with pirifibrate, mean plasma levels of cholesterol fell about 20% in types IIa and IIb HLP; triglycerides fell between 30% and 46% in types IIb and IV HLP. Slight increases in alpha-lipoproteins in the three types of HLP were measured. Prebeta-lipoprotein levels fell considerably in types IIb and IV. The variations observed in beta-lipoprotein levels were significant only in type IV, which initially showed low values. PMID- 7273063 TI - Improvement of Crohn fistulas with a peptide diet. PMID- 7273064 TI - Predicting serum gentamicin levels in adult trauma patients. AB - A one-compartment, open-linear, pharmacokinetic model for gentamicin dosing has been developed at the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Service Systems (MIEMSS). The model was used to predict both the gentamicin dose required to achieve desired peak and trough serum concentrations and the peak and trough serum concentrations that would result from administering empirically chosen doses. This model was tested in 31 patients, aged 15 to 82 years (mean 39.3 +/- 17.7 years), whose creatinine clearance (CCI) ranged from 12 ml/min to 197 ml/min (mean 106.9 +/- 53.1 ml/min). The predictions of the dosage model were compared with the measured peak and trough serum concentrations in these patients. The predicted peak serum levels correlated highly with the measured peak serum levels (r 0.97). The mean difference (+/- SD) between the predicted and measured peak levels was 0.28 +/- 0.22 mu g/ml. The predicted trough serum levels correlated well with the measured trough serum levels (r 0.91). The mean difference between the predicted and measured trough levels was -0.03 +/- 0.18 mu g/ml. This approach makes it possible for bactericidal levels of gentamicin to be maintained in patients with wide variations in stable renal function. Frequent serum gentamicin determinations are unnecessary. Requiring only an inexpensive calculator, the method has proved to be economical as well as clinically useful. PMID- 7273065 TI - Comparative absorption of theophylline from theophylline-guaifenesin tablets and liquid and from a reference theophylline liquid. AB - This single-dose, three-way crossover study in 18 healthy adults compared the oral absorption of theophylline from a theophylline-guaifenesin tablet and from a theophylline-guaifenesin liquid with absorption from a theophylline liquid. Each dose form contained 500 mg theophylline and, when indicated, 400 mg guaifenesin. The extents of theophylline absorption from the formulations were within 10% of each other. The absolute differences in the areas under the curve among the formulations were small and, although significantly higher statistically for the theophylline-guaifenesin tablet, are without therapeutic consequence. The theophylline plasma level curves from each of the three formulations were similar. Comparable theophylline absorption and elimination characteristics were seen. PMID- 7273066 TI - The cosmetic ingredient review: a status report. AB - The cosmetic industry, with the advice of individuals familiar with food and drug safety assessment, set up a Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel of experts and an attendant staff in the fall of 1976, which began to function in July 1977. Its structure and role were carefully developed by a steering committee to assure the independence and credibility of the expert panel's deliberations and decisions and the ultimate publication of a final report on each of many ingredients. That report must conclude 1) that there is reasonable certainty that the ingredient is safe under conditions of use, 2) that it is unsafe, or 3) that the evidence is inadequate to make such a judgment. There is considerable variability in the adequacy of the safety assessments or the assessments of safety in the literature and unpublished reports on ingredients that have been reviewed to date. PMID- 7273067 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetic evaluation of bacampicillin. AB - Bacampicillin is a recently synthesized prodrug of ampicillin. It differs from ampicillin in having an ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl group attached to the carboxyl group in C3 of the penicillin nucleus, thus forming an ester with higher bioavailability than ampicillin. The present study was carried out in 30 patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Bacampicillin was administered orally according to the following outline: Group A--800 mg, group B- 1,200 mg, and group C--1,800 mg. The peak mean serum levels were 9.50, 12.07, and 15.83 micrograms/ml, respectively, and were reached in one hour with all doses. The peak mean bronchial mucus levels were 0.49, 0.62, and 0.95 micrograms/ml, respectively, and were achieved in four hours with all doses. During the eight hours after administration of the antibiotic, 71%, 68%, and 73% of the administered doses were excreted in the urine. Blood levels versus time curve were interpreted in terms of a one-compartment open model. Bronchial mucus and serum peaks were in good correlation with progressive doses. PMID- 7273069 TI - [The dynamics of non-invasive circulatory indices in men and women exposed to ergometric tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273072 TI - [Bioptic findings in benign functional hyperbilirubinaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273070 TI - [The effect of nifedipin on blood pressure and systolic time intervals in hypertensives and normotensives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273071 TI - [ECG and its significance for pulmonary hypertension diagnosis and for the estimation of prognosis in cryptogenic fibrosing pulmonary alveolitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273068 TI - Effectlessness of a new spasmolytic (rociverine) on intraocular pressure, pupil size, and iridocorneal angle in ophthalmically healthy subjects. AB - Thirty-seven subjects without eye diseases were treated with rociverine, a new direct myolytic and parasympatholytic antispasmodic: 15 by intravenous injection (20 mg) and 22 by oral administration (20 mg three times daily for four days). Intraocular pressure, pupil size, iridocorneal angle, blood pressure, and heart rate were checked before and during treatment. No clinically significant variations were observed in the parameters tested. PMID- 7273073 TI - [Sarcoid necrotizing angiocentric granulomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273074 TI - [Myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273075 TI - [Magnesium-deficiency tetany and its therapy]. PMID- 7273076 TI - [Foot blood flow measured with the aid of plethysmograph Fluvoscript Forte (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273077 TI - [Myoglobin radioimmunoassay in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273079 TI - [Endorphins and stress]. PMID- 7273078 TI - [Serum lipid changes in familial hyperlipoproteinaemia during spa treatment (author's transl]. PMID- 7273081 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenoterapy in crural ulcers]. PMID- 7273083 TI - [Anthropology and clinical signs of longevity]. PMID- 7273082 TI - [Oxygen transport and utilization in acute hypoxaemic hypoxia corrected by hyperbaric oxygenotherapy]. PMID- 7273084 TI - [Sleep and consciousness disorders--a new medical specialty]. PMID- 7273080 TI - [Sex differences in functional indices of selected samples of 12-55-year-old population in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7273085 TI - [Solving the complex problem of malignant neoplasms in nations belonging to the Council of Economic Mutual Aid from 1976 to 1980]. PMID- 7273086 TI - [The significance of the reference centre for interdisciplinary assessment of bone tumours. Eleven years of experience (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273087 TI - [Inhibition of leucocyte migration in women with ovarian carcinoma, and its dependence on the quantity of lymphocytes forming E-rosettes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273089 TI - [Coincidence of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273088 TI - [Giardiasis in patients with skin diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273090 TI - Kinetics of tissue proliferation in colorectal mucosa during post-natal growth. AB - The main developmental event in the colorectal mucosa during post-natal growth is a dramatic increase in the number of crypts of Lieberkuhn, resulting from a longitudinal fission of pre-existing crypts. In the present study, the kinetic aspects of this process have been analysed, using extensive gland and cell counts involving the entire colon and rectum of 24 male BD IX rats distributed into four age groups. The number of crypts was found to rise from an average 4652 to 423,800 between birth and adulthood; the corresponding ratios of bifurcating glands were 13.55 and 0.67%, respectively. Crypt production attained its maximum 18 days after birth with an hourly increment of 519 units. The time spent by replicating glands in the bifurcating stage ('fission time') averaged 6.9--10.5 hr. The mean number of epithelial cells per crypt rose from 249 in 4-day old rats to 635 in adults. The estimated total number of epithelial cells in the colon and rectum was one million in newborns and 248 million in adults. The increment in cell number peaked 3 weeks after birth with a value of 310,000/hr. During the first few days after birth, all cells produced in the epithelium were retained. Cell loss thereafter rapidly progressed, reaching 70% of the cell production in 3 week old animals. PMID- 7273091 TI - Conditions required for the inhibition of in vitro growth of a mouse myeloma cell line by adherent bone-marrow cells. AB - The in vitro growth of the MPC-11 myeloma cell line was inhibited when these cells were co-cultured with adherent cells from mouse bone marrow. This growth inhibition involved prolongation of the specific population doubling time of the MPC-11 cell line. Control cultures of MPC-11 cells exhibited an average doubling time of 14--15 hr, whereas in the presence of adherent layers the length of the doubling time was up to 28 hr. This prolongation in the doubling time did not depend on the duration of incubation, but on the relative proportions of tumour cells and adherent cells employed. MPC-11 cells seeded in relatively high starting cell concentrations partially overcame the growth inhibition. The inhibitory activity of adherent cells from the bone marrow did not appear to be due to production of soluble factor(s), since media conditioned by adherent cells did not affect cell growth. Moreover, in modified co-cultures in which MPC-11 cells grew physically separated from the adherent layers, only marginal growth inhibition activity was observed. The possibility that cell-to-cell interactions lead to the inhibition of growth of MPC-11 cells by adherent cells from the bone marrow, and the implications of these findings to the control of cell growth by the haemopoietic microenvironment, are discussed. PMID- 7273092 TI - Clonal variation in proliferation rate of cultures of GPK cells. AB - Pedigrees of twenty-six clones of a line of keratocytes derived from guinea-pig ear epidermis (GPK cells) were analysed from time-lapse film. The mean interdivision time (IDT) for the culture was 1143 +/- 215 (SD) min. The mean generation rates (mean reciprocal interdivision times) of clones varied over a range of 3.93--10.2 x 10(-4)/min and the standard deviation of the clonal mean generation rates was 16.8% of the average value. Transient intraclonal variations in IDT due to mitoses in a plane perpendicular to the substratum were observed. The data were also analysed on the basis of cell location in sixteen equal zones (quadrats) of the filmed area. The mean generation rate of quadrats was 8.73 x 10(-4)/min (SD = 4.9%). The spatial distribution showed some clustering of cells. The mean local density of the clones (2.25 +/- 0.62 cells/10(-4) cm2) was significantly higher than the quadrat density (1.76 +/- 0.8 cells/10(-4) cm2). There was no significant correlation between clonal density and mean generation rates, whereas for quadrats a significant negative correlation was found (P = 2.7%). The results support the proposition that cell lineage is the major determinant of the proliferation rate of subconfluent cultures. PMID- 7273093 TI - Regulation of human myelopoiesis by prostaglandin E and lactoferrin. PMID- 7273094 TI - Polyploidy in the murine colonic pericryptal fibroblast sheath. AB - The cause of the apparently paradoxical occurrence of relatively high levels of labelling and low levels of mitotic activity in the pericryptal fibroblast sheath (PCFS) was investigated. Analysis of the distribution of grain densities over epithelial cells and the PCFS in the colon demonstrated that, although the former had a unimodal peak, the PCFS had a multi-peak distribution. The PCFS nuclei with the higher grain densities gradually disappeared with time, due not to proliferation but to lateral migration into the lamina propria. Photodensitometric analysis confirmed the existence of polyploid cells in the colonic PCFS, but not in the epithelium. PMID- 7273095 TI - Bone marrow response to damage induced by hydroxyurea or colchicine. PMID- 7273096 TI - Effects of environmental temperature on haemopoietic stem cells in the tails of mice. AB - Using the endogenous spleen colony assay method of Till & McCulloch (1963), the numbers of haemopoietic stem cells present in the bone marrow in the tails of mice were estimated under different environmental temperatures. Compared to animals kept at 22--26 degrees C, mice transferred to an kept at 36.5 degrees C showed a doubling of colony-forming units in the tail in 1--4 weeks. Exposing them to 8 degrees C caused a significant depopulation to approximately one-third in 3--4 weeks. By transferring the mice from one temperature extreme to another these changes could be reversed. Tail marrow depleted of viable stem cells by X irradiation was repopulated within approximately 3 weeks in animals kept at room temperature or above but this process was inhibited in the cold. PMID- 7273097 TI - Proliferation in liquid culture of myeloid progenitor cells from the blood of normals and patients with aplastic anaemia. AB - We studied myeloid progenitor cells (CFUc) from peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) of normals and patients with severe aplastic anaemia (AA). Baseline CFUc averaged 4.4 +/- 1.5 (range 0--17)/10(6) MNL in fifteen normals and 0 +/- 1/10(6) MNL in six patients with severe AA (P less than 0.05). To assess CFUc proliferative capacity, 10(7) MNL were put into liquid culture in Marbrook chambers with colony-stimulating activity and sub-cultured in agar at intervals up to 10 days. CFUc from normal MNL increased from 44 +/- 15/chamber at Day 0 to 156 +/- 33/chamber at peak value (P less than 0.02). In contrast, CFUc from AA MNL remained undetectable throughout the period of liquid culture (AA peak v. normal peak; P less than 0.001). These results indicate a marked decrease in circulating CFUc in patients with severe AA, and a profound abnormality in CFUc proliferation in vitro. This abnormality could be due to defective replication of CFUc, a lack of feed-in from more primitive precursors, or both. PMID- 7273098 TI - Effect of tritiated thymidine on the kinetics and viability of 9L cells in vitro. AB - The colony-forming efficiency of 9L rat gliosarcoma cells was unaffected by treatment with 0.1 muCi/ml of [3H]TdR. However, when cells were treated with 1 or 10 muCi/ml of [3H]Tdr, cell growth was reduced and cell survival decreased. When monolayer 9L cells were treated with 1 muCi/ml of [3H]TdR for up to 72 hr, approximately 5% survived, which is closely related to the percentage of non cycling cells in this system. When cells were treated with 10 muCi/ml of [3H]TdR for 72 hr, less survival was observed. The additional cell kill observed may be induced by [3H]TdR released from doomed cells into petri dishes during the incubation period of the colony-formation assay. PMID- 7273099 TI - Sensilla of the cricket palp. Fine structure and spatial organization. AB - On the distal segment of the maxillary palp of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus there is an extensive multimodal sensory field comprising approximately 5000 sensilla of nine morphologically distinguishable types: three types containing pores in their walls (5% of the total), three types with a pore at the tip (65%) and three types lacking pores (30%). The approximately 27,000 axons of their sense cells join in the distal palp segment to form two nerves. On the slightly smaller sensillum field on the tip of the labial palp, the same sensillum types are found in comparable density and proportion. By analogy with sensilla of which both structure and function are known, the structure of these three groups of sensillum types suggests that they function as olfactory, contact-chemoreceptive, and/or mechanoreceptive sensors. Moreover, the positioning of the sensilla on the tip of the palp is appropriate to these function. The cuticle of the pulp tip is elastically deformable; all sensory hairs are fixed via a special, presumably flexible socket suspension. These structural features could be an adaptation to stresses encountered during tactile activity of the palp. PMID- 7273100 TI - Testosterone-dependent changes in vivo and in vitro in the structure of the renal glomeruli of the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus L. AB - During the reproductive period of the male stickleback, structural and functional changes of the kidney take place, both in the glomeruli and in the renal tubule cells. The structural changes in the glomeruli involve almost all glomerular components and point to a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether these changes are controlled by testosterone, indirectly or directly. In vivo experiments demonstrated that exposures of immature castrates for 8 days to methyltestosterone leads to activation of mesangial cells and podocytes, to slight expansion of mesangial matrix and slight thickening of basal lamina. Observations on cultured renal tissue showed that two androgens, 11-ketotestosterone and methyltestosterone, are also able to stimulate the secretory activity of podocytes and mesangial cells in vitro. The results therefore indicate, that most glomerular changes in male sticklebacks during the reproductive season are directly effected by testosterone. PMID- 7273101 TI - The development of the diencephalic choroid plexus in the chick. A scanning electron-microscopic study. AB - The surface morphology of the diencephalic choroid plexus (Pl. ch. v. III) was investigated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in chicks from the 7th embryonic day (ED) to the 8th week after hatching. Pl. ch. v. III develops on the anterior ventricular roof from a sagittally oriented fold and a few posteriorly located transverse folds. On the 7th ED no significant differences in the cell surface morphology between Pl. ch. v. III and the surrounding ependyma are observed: both are covered with cilia. During the next four days, long cell prolongations (one per cell) covered with microvilli develop first on the surface of the posterior ventricular roof and then on the posterior part of Pl. ch. v. III. These structures are transitory. On the 11th ED, round cell prolongations (one per cell) appear progressively on the entire plexus, also replacing the long ones. Now the plexus surface is distinct from the surface of the surrounding ependyma. During the last week before hatching and also after hatching, the round cell prolongations become less prominent. Simultaneously, the number of cilia per unit surface area diminishes. With consideration of earlier reports, this study suggests that the following factors are involved in the increase of the surface area of Pl. ch. v. III: (1) The pseudostratified epithelium changes into columnar epithelium. (2) Ependymal elements of the posterior roof of the 3rd ventricle contribute to the anlage of Pl. ch. v. III. In later stages, however, Pl. ch. v. III grows only by mitoses. PMID- 7273104 TI - Influence of short-chain fatty acids and osmolality on mucin release in the rat colon. AB - The influence of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and osmolality on mucin release in the rat colon was studied histochemically by determining number of stained mucin-containing cells. SCFA did not significantly influence the number of cells staining for mucin. Hypertonic solutions (360 mosm/l) did not affect mucin release in the proximal colon, but stimulated mucin release in the distal colon. Solutions of lower osmolality (300 or 250 mosm/l) caused a considerable release of mucin from goblet cells as well as vacuolated cells in both the proximal and the distal colon; the lower the osmolality, the more mucin was released. The mucosa of the distal colon was conspicuously affected by solutions of lower osmolality. The influence of osmolality on mucin release was entirely local. PMID- 7273102 TI - Differentiation and transdifferentiation of adrenal chromaffin cells of the guinea pig. II. Adrenal medullary explants grown in tissue culture. AB - Explants of adrenal medullary tissue taken from newborn guinea pigs were grown in culture for up to two weeks. The explants exhibited sparse outgrowth of neurite like processes, in contrast to adrenal medullae taken from young postnatal rats or adults guinea pigs that were (i) grown under identical conditions (Unsicker and Chamley 1977) or (ii) transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye (Unsicker et al. 1981), respectively. Nerve growth factor (10-100 ng/ml, 2.5 S NGF) did not enhance formation of processes. However, electron-microscopic investigations revealed the presence of numerous processes within the explants, which extended from chromaffin cells and were characterized by longitudinally oriented cytoskeletal structures, various population of clear and dense-cored vesicles, varicosities and growth cones. Chromaffin cell bodies largely resembled their in situ-counterparts, but had fewer and smaller storage vesicles than controls. The results are discussed in light of recent findings regarding the potency of NGF and NGF-like growth factors to induce neuronal transdifferentiation of adrenal chromaffin cells. PMID- 7273103 TI - Ultrastructure of the pineal organ of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, with special reference to the secretory function. AB - The pineal organ of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, was investigated by electron microscopy under experimental conditions; its general and characteristic features are discussed with respect to the photosensory and secretory function. The strongly convoluted pineal epithelium is usually composed of photoreceptor, ganglion and supporting cells. In addition to the well-differentiated photosensory apparatus, the photoreceptor cell contains presumably immature dense cored vesicles (140-220 nm in diameter) associated with a well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum in the perinuclear region and the basal process. These dense-cored vesicles appear rather prominent in fish subjected to darkness. The ganglion cell shows the typical features of a nerve cell; granular endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus are scattered in the electron-lucent cytoplasm around the spherical or oval nucleus. The dendrites of these cells divide into smaller branches and form many sensory synapses with the photoreceptor basal processes. Lipid droplets appear exclusively in the supporting cell, which also contains well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Cytoplasmic protrusions filled with compact dense cored vesicles (90-220 nm in diameter) are found in dark-adapted fish. The origin of these cytoplasmic protrusions, however, remains unresolved. Thus, the pineal organ of the killifish contains two types of dense-cored vesicles which appear predominantly in darkness. The ultrastructural results suggest that the pineal organ of fish functions not only as a photoreceptor but also as a secretory organ. PMID- 7273105 TI - Regeneration of motor axons in crayfish limbs: distal stump activation followed by synaptic reformation. AB - Severed distal stumps of limb motor axons in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii remain ultrastructurally intact for at least 2-3 ms after being severed from their cell body. Initial regeneration of a motor axon is associated with the appearance of up to 200 small profiles (satellite axons) having no glial sheath adjacent to the large surviving stump for about 1 cm distal to the lesion at 4-5 wks postoperatively. These satellite axons are seen 2-4 cm distally at the target muscles 3-4 ms postoperatively. By 14-15 ms postoperative, the motor sheaths from the lesion site to the target muscles contain small axonal processes having thick glial sheaths. Behavioral tests show that some axons that are reconnected to the CNS at 4-5 wks may not be connected at 14-15 ms, whereas other axons not connected by 3-4 ms may be connected at 14-15 ms when the original distal stumps have degenerated. We suggest that all these data can best be explained by the view that motor axons in crayfish limbs initially regenerate via activation of the surviving distal stump by satellite axons which grow out from proximal stump. In most cases, these satellite axons continue to activate the surviving distal stump as they slowly grow to the target muscle. Eventually the satellite axons reform synapses on the target muscle and the original distal stump degenerates. PMID- 7273107 TI - Effect of molecular charge on choroid-plexus permeability: Tracer studies with cationized ferritins. AB - The permeability of the choroid plexus and renal glomerulus to intravenously injected native, anionic ferritin and various cationic ferritin derivatives was studied in normal rats by electron microscopy. In both structures, anionic, native ferritin was largely confined to the circulatory compartment while the cationic forms penetrated and accumulated within the filtration barriers. In the choroid plexus, cationic ferritin concentrated in relationship to the endothelial fenestrations and the subendothelial basal lamina region. In the glomerulus, there was also an inner concentration of cationic tracer and, in addition, an aggregation of tracer along the outer, subepithelial portion of the basal lamina. The results indicate that the localization of tracer within the filtration barrier of both the choroid plexus and renal glomerulus is directly related to the tracer's isoelectric point. The findings suggest that the choroid plexus, like the glomerulus, contains fixed anionic groups within the capillary wall which influence its permeability. PMID- 7273106 TI - The fine structure of the neural lobe of the mouse after transplantation under the kidney capsule. AB - The neurohypophysis of donor mice was implanted under the renal capsule of the recipients. The pituicytes survived while the neurosecretory axons disappeared. The ultrastructure of the glial cells was observed seven and nine weeks after transplantation. There were no signs of phagocytotic activity although remnants of axons were still present at seven weeks. The numerous processes of the pituicytes form a network with intercellular spaces wide in younger and narrower in older implants. The cells are connected by desmosomes and gap junctions. Pituicytes as well as blood vessels preserve their organotypic appearance. The transplant thus represents as experimental model for investigations on pituicytes in vivo in the absence of neurosecretory axons. PMID- 7273109 TI - Subendothelial fibrillar laminae in the carotid arteries of the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). AB - The endothelium in the carotid arteries of the giraffe lies on an extensive basement membrane complex that has a distinctly fibrillar component. Small electron-dense areas occur in the basal portion of the endothelium and normally in apposition to the fibrillar laminae of the basement membrane. These zones are believed here to constitute hemi-desmosomes where endothelial attachment may be most tenacious. PMID- 7273108 TI - Identification of the Ruffini corpuscle in human hairy skin. AB - A Ruffini corpuscle was identified in the dense reticular dermis of the human scalp from a patient with alopecia areata. The corpuscle measured approximately 50 micrometer in diameter. One afferent myelinated axon with a diameter of 4-6 micrometer supplies the corpuscle. Branched axon terminals and the associated Schwann cells tightly envelop parallel bundles of collagen fibrils. Axon terminals evidenced focal swellings, and small finger-like protrusions projected into the endoneural connective tissue. The terminals are characterized by the presence of abundant mitochondria, numerous vesicles, particles of glycogen and electron-opaque lipid material. A thin perineural capsule envelops the bundles of collagen fibrils and associated terminals. The present study provides the first electron-microscopic characterization of a Ruffini corpuscle in human hairy skin. PMID- 7273111 TI - Hepatic ultrastructural specialization in Antarctic fishes. AB - Compared with those of other verebrate animals, the livers of Antarctic fishes have a unique type of perisinusoidal (Ito) cell. These cells were studied in 9 species with emphasis on Dissostichus mawsoni. Perisinusoidal cells are found in large numbers throughout the liver, have long cytoplasmic arms and, in Dissostichus, contain numerous lipid droplets. The extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and prominent nucleolus are ultrastructural characteristics indicating that these cells are engaged in protein synthesis. An evolutionary specialization, perisinusoidal cells may be partially responsible for the elevated levels of protein synthesis characteristics of fishes in the Antarctic marine environment. PMID- 7273110 TI - Gap junctions of the muscles of the small and large intestine. AB - The distribution of gap junctions (nexuses) in various parts of the small and large intestines of the guinea-pig was studied using the freeze-fracture technique and in thin sections. The percentage area of smooth muscle cell surface occupied by gap junctions varies from 0.50% in the circular muscle of the duodenum to zero in the longitudinal muscle of the ileum. In the circular muscle of the jejunum and ileum the area occupied by nexuses is 0.22% (or about 11 micrometers 2 per cell). The sizes of junctions range from less than 0.01 micrometer 2 to 0.20 micrometer 2, with two-thirds of them being smaller than 0.05 micrometer 2. In the colon, gap junctions are rare, very small and confined to the circular muscle layer. Even the smallest aggregates of intramembrane particles correspond to areas of close apposition between the membranes of adjacent cells; it is therefore justified to interpret them as being gap junctions. Some gap junctions are formed between a smooth muscle cell and an interstitial cell. Gap junctions are not found in the longitudinal muscle of the small intestine; this is in sharp contrast to the abundance of gap junctions in the adjacent circular layer. In the small intestine of cats and rabbits, gap junctions are abundant in the circular muscle layer, whereas they are very small in size and very few in number in the longitudinal muscle layer. PMID- 7273113 TI - Vascular corrosion replicas of chemo-baroreceptors in fish: the carotid labyrinth in Ictaluridae and Clariidae. AB - Scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion replicas and light microscopy revealed a pair of highly vascularized tissues, the carotid labyrinths, in the dorsal head region of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, the black bullhead, I. melas, and the walking catfish, Clarias batrachus. The labyrinth consists of a myriad of arterioles that arise from the common carotid artery immediately distal to the origin of the common carotid from the efferent branchial (epibranchial) artery of the first gill arch. The arterioles anastomose with each other to form: (1) the internal carotid artery which supplies the brain, and (2) several anteriolateral arteries that extend into the anterior head. In the ictalurids the common carotid artery emerges from the labyrinth intact and continues anteriorly as the large olfactory artery, whereas in Clarias all postlabyrinthine vessels result from arborization of the common carotid and subsequent anastomosis of the arterioles. Similarities between piscine and amphibian carotid labyrinths and the anatomical proximity of the former with the gills suggest that, in Ictaluridae, the labyrinth has a chemo- or baroreceptor function. PMID- 7273112 TI - Radioautographic studies on the neurohypophysial projections of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in the rat. AB - The distribution of labelled axonal pathways was studied after unilateral stereotaxic injection of 3H-leucine into either supraoptic (SON) or paraventricular nuclei (PVN). In addition to extrahypothalamic projections of both nuclei, the main efferents appeared to run towards the neurohypophysis, yet with a strikingly different pattern. At the neurohypophysial levels, the SO neurohypophysial tract crossed the inner layers of the median eminence (ME) before scattering in the neural lobe. The PV-neurohypophysial pathway, by contrast, provided an exclusive innervation to the external layer of the whole neurohypophysial organ, including the median eminence, infundibular stalk and neural lobe. The functional correlates of the clear-cut anatomical distinctness between the two magnocellular neurosecretory systems are discussed. PMID- 7273115 TI - Catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine in photophores of Porichthys notatus. Radioenzymatic detection and radioautographic localization. AB - Radioenzymatic assays and light microscope radioautographic studies performed on photophores of Porichthys notatus demonstrated (1) significant amounts of catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in these organs; (2) selective uptake and storage of [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) by axon terminals innervating the photocytes, and (3) strong accumulation of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine ([3H]5-HT) within the photocytes. Uptake and storage of [3H]NA in the nerve fibers were seemingly unaffected by the addition of ten-fold molar concentrations of unlabelled serotonin. Accumulation of [3H]5-HT by the photocytes was dose-dependent and diminished markedly in the presence of ten-fold molar concentrations of non-radioactive noradrenaline. Neither neuronal uptake of [3H]5-HT or [3H]A, nor photocytic accumulation of [3H]A were detectable under the conditions of the present experiments. This information should provide a framework for further investigations of the regulation of photophore luminescence by the biogenic amines. PMID- 7273114 TI - Spontaneous neurite outgrowth and vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactivity of cultures of human paraganglioma cells from the glomus jugulare. AB - The chief cells of paraganglionic tissues have morphological and functional similarities to adrenal chromaffin cells, and both cell types are derived from the neural crest. In the present investigation cells from two glomus jugulare paragangliomas were studied in culture. Approximately 50% of the cells from one tumor, and 7% from the other spontaneously formed neurite-like processes. Numerous granular and agranular synaptic-like vesicles also appeared in the process-forming cells. In contrast to findings with normal and neoplastic adrenal chromaffin cells, addition of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the culture medium had no major effects on proportion of cells with processes. Dexamethasone caused only a small decrease in process length. Culturing of the tumors also appeared to promote production of material with VIP-like immunoreactivity. It is concluded that the phenotype of paraganglioma as well as pheochromocytoma cells may be altered in vitro. Responsiveness to specific factors such as NGF or steroids, however, may vary for related tumor cell types in different anatomic locations. PMID- 7273116 TI - Autoradiographic localization of alpha-bungarotoxin-binding sites in the carotid body of the rat. AB - Radioiodinated alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgt) was used to localize alpha-Bgt acetylcholine receptors in the carotid body of the rat. The gamma spectrometer analyses indicated a high uptake of [125I] alpha-Bgt in carotid bodies incubated in vitro (1.51 fmole per organ). Incorporation of the isotope was effectively blocked by pretreatment of carotid bodies with d-tubocurarine and unlabeled alpha Bgt, but not by atropine. Light microscopic autoradiography showed a heavy labeling of some parenchymal cells. Electron-microscopic autoradiography revealed that labeling was localized along the interface between parenchymal cells, especially where their cytoplasmic processes engage in complex interdigitations. The silver grain counts on electron-microscopic autoradiographs suggest that labelings are preferentially associated with the plasma membrane of certain Type I cells. It is suggested that these Type I cells in the rat's carotid body probably are provided with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on their plasma membranes. PMID- 7273117 TI - Luminal mucin in the large intestine of mice, rats and guinea pigs. AB - The luminal and epithelial mucin was studied histochemically in the large intestine of mice (Mus musculus), rats (Rattus rattus) and guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) using freeze-substitution and vapor-fixation methods. Neutral mucin decreased and acid mucin increased in the epithelium from the cecum to the distal colon. Vacuolated cells contained more acid mucin than goblet cells. Luminal mucin always contained neutral mucin, which formed the main constituents in the cecum and in the proximal colon. Sialo-mucin increased from the cecum to the distal colon. Sulfo-mucin appeared only in the distal colon. Except in the cecum a luminal mucin layer (LML) was found at the epithelial surface. In the proximal colon LML was not entirely continuous and varied in composition and thickness (182.4 +/- 170.1, 150.5 +/- 110.4, 30.0 +/- 28.9 (micrometer), in mice, rats and guinea pigs, respectively), and contained many bacteria. In the distal colon LML was compact, homogeneous and thin (33.6 +/- 18.8, 16.1 +/- 7.3, 29.1 +/- 20.0 (micrometer), in mice, rats and guinea pigs, respectively) containing few bacteria. Possible functions of the luminal mucin and their regional differentiations were discussed. PMID- 7273118 TI - Ultrastructural study of the permeability of the guinea-pig placenta to horseradish peroxidase. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to study macromolecule permeation into the guinea-pig placenta perfused in situ. When tissue culture medium 199 (TC 199) was used as fetal-side perfusate, the tracer reaction product was found only lining the fetal endothelium. When a longer period of perfusion with HRP in TC 199 was used, a small amount of reaction product was found in the subendothelial space and syncytiotrophoblastic vesicles, but not in maternal lacunae. In similar experiments using a Krebs bicarbonate Ringer (KRBG) as perfusate the tracer was found (i) lining the fetal endothelium, (ii) in the laternal intercellular spaces of the endothelium, (iii) in the subendothelial space, and (iv) in the maternal lacunae. It is therefore evident that the vehicle influenced the permeability of the guinea-pig placenta to horseradish peroxidase. As other studies have shown that perfusion of the fetal side with salt solution increases pore size, the results with TC 199 are regarded as more representative of the situation in the intact animal. It is therefore suggested that the fetal endothelium of the guinea pig placenta may be largely impermeable to molecules of the size of horseradish peroxidase (4 nm) or larger. PMID- 7273119 TI - Ultrastructural study of the endothelial cells in teleost liver sinusoids under normal and experimental conditions. AB - The ultrastructure of the endothelial cells of liver sinusoids was studied in the teleost, Pimelodus maculatus. These cells have the ability to form pinocytotic vacuoles, starting with the formation of marginal folds. The latter occur in many cells after stimulation by India ink injections and ink particles are ingested by pinocytosis and by micropinocytosis. Desmosomes, structures rarely described between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, are present in this species. PMID- 7273120 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of spermatozoa from gossypol-treated rats. AB - Spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis of gossypol-treated rats exhibit distinctive departures from the morphology of spermatozoa from control rats: wrinkled and disorganized cell membrane in the head and tail regions, cell membrane missing from segments of the tail midpiece and principal piece regions, malformed heads, decapitate spermatozoa, retention of a cytoplasmic droplet at variable loci along tail midpieces, and looped tails. The observations suggest that gossypol exerts its contraceptive effect during spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis, including the posttesticular development and maturation of spermatozoa in the epididymis. PMID- 7273122 TI - Glycogen accumulation in the parathyroid gland of the rat after fluoride ingestion. AB - The parathyroid glands of young male rats given 150 ppm fluoride in their drinking water for 10 weeks were examined by transmission electron microscopy. As a result of fluoride ingestion, the parathyroid chief cells of the experimental animals accumulated glycogen in excess of that seen in control animals given distilled drinking water for the same time period. In the majority of active chief cells, glycogen granules were diffusely spread throughout the cytoplasm as single granules or in small deposits. Large aggregations of glycogen granules were also seen within intercellular spaces. Accompanying the increase in glycogen was a rise in the number and development of the organelles associated with protein synthesis and secretion. The accumulation of glycogen is similar to that in hyperparathyroidism caused by chronic stimulation and prolonged secretory activity of the parathyroid gland. The results of this study suggest that increased amounts of glycogen occur in hyperactive chief cells of the parathyroid in response to the ingestion of large doses of fluoride. PMID- 7273121 TI - Thyroxin dependency of the developing locus coeruleus. Evidence from intraocular grafting experiments. AB - Surgical thyroidectomies were used as means of altering the thyroid state of adult recipients to study the possible influence of thyroid hormones on fibre formation in irides by immature noradrenaline neurons of the locus coeruleus grafted to the eye. Whole-mount preparations of irides were analysed using fluorescence histochemistry according to Falck-Hillarp, subjectively estimating on a 'blind' basis the number of fibres, their pattern of distribution and individual morphology in the iris dilator plate. Neurones of the locus coeruleus formed nerve fibres in irides of thyroidectomized recipients to the same extent as in controls. Distribution and fine structure of these fibres, however, differed markedly. The numerous thick axon bundles from the attachment of the brain graft, normally seen to radiate out from locus coeruleus-neurones in oculo, were almost totally lacking in the thyroidectomized group. Also, the individual nerve fibres showed abundant peripheral accumulations of fluorescent material. This appearance of the outgrowth of fluorescent fibres in the experimental group, indicative of a disturbed formation of nerve fibres during development in oculo, was abolished by reversal of the thyroid hormone deficiency using daily injections of l-thyroxin to the recipients throughout the experiment. This strongly indicates a role for thyroxin in the process of formation of nerve fibres originating from the neurones of the locus coeruleus during perinatal development. The present paper is supportive of recent reports claiming that during the development of the CNS thyroxin plays a crucial role in tubulin assembly, and thus presumably for the ability of neurones to form processes. PMID- 7273123 TI - Fine structure of Merkel cells in lampreys. AB - The structure of Merkel cells occurring in the epidermis of adult and larval stages of Lampetra spp. is described; it is comparable to that reported from the gnathostome classes. The cells bear microvilli, grouped on the distal and proximal aspects, and are associated with sparsely branching and varicose nerve fibres. One branch of the neurite bears a spur-like process which indents the proximal side of the Merkel cell. Most of the specific Merkel granules are situated in the vicinity of this neurite projection; the cell membrane adjacent to the tip of the spur process bears structures resembling presynaptic densities. Occasionally, desmosome-like junctions are found between the neurite and the Merkel cell. PMID- 7273124 TI - Observations on cytoplasmic transport along ovarian nutritive tubes of polyphagous coleopterans. AB - The ovarioles of Coccinella and Tenebrio are shown to be telotrophic--a characteristic normally associated with hemipterans rather than coleopterans. The possess an anterior region of trophic cells and a chain of oocytes. The trophic cells are connected with the latter by a series of nutritive tubes, and autoradiography has shown that RNA is transported along the tubes to the oocytes. However, the system in these beetles differs markedly from that of hemipterans in that the nutritive tubes do not contain an extensive complement of aligned microtubules. The significance of this to both the mechanism and the selectivity of transport is discussed. PMID- 7273125 TI - Developmental stages and localization of peroxidatic activity in the leucocytes of three teleost species (Cyprinus carpio L.; Tinca tinca L.; Salmo gairdneri Richardson). AB - The ultrastructural localization of peroxidase (PO) in the leucocytes of three teleosts (Cyprinus carpio L., Tinca tinca L., Salmo gairdneri R.) has been investigated using the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine method. In the heterophilic granulocytes the granules show a species specific structure and are PO-positive at pH 7.6. They can be traced back to small granules arising near the Golgi apparatus (GA) in the promyelocyte. They coalesce to form larger granules and gradually change into the mature type. Myelocytes contain small unreactive granules, and these represent a second granule population. Eosinophils contain one PO-positive granule type (at pH 9), and these granules show a varying density during cell maturation. Basophils are present only in the Cyprinid species, and contain unreactive granules originating from precursors displaying a weakly positive reaction at pH 7.6. The active secretory organelles (RER, GA) are PO negative, except for a weekly positive reaction in the flocculent matrix of the inner G-cisternae. In promonocytes and monocytes the granules are unreactive, but in the macrophages PO-positive staining occurs in a few small to medium sized granules, and in large vacuoles. A least some of these latter are apparently derived from phagolysosomes containing digested erythrocytes. Thrombocytes and lymphocytes are unreactive. The successive development of PO-positive and negative granule populations in the heterophils, and the PO-reactivity of eosinophils and basophils, show some similarities to the corresponding cells in higher vertebrates, but an analogous PO-positive ("azurophil") granule type in monocytes seems to be absent. PMID- 7273126 TI - Differentiation of type II cells of human fetal lung in vitro. AB - Lung tissue explants from mid-trimester human abortuses were maintained for 8 days in organ culture in medium with or without serum. Before the start of culture the cells lining the pre-alveolar ducts were undifferentiated and contained no lamellar bodies, the intracellular organelle that contains surfactant. After 4 days in organ culture, the epithelium lining the pre-alveolar ducts was composed of differentiated type II cells containing numerous lamellar bodies. During the 8-day culture period there was increased incorporation of [3H]choline into phosphatidylcholine and disaturated phosphatidylcholine. In addition, the specific activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, a regulatory enzyme in lung phospholipid synthesis, increased 4-fold during the culture period. Lamellar bodies isolated by differential centrifugation from explants maintained in culture for 7 days had the characteristic ultrastructure described for this organelle. Lamellar bodies were isolated from explants which had been incubated with [14C]glycerol. When the glycerophospholipid composition of lamellar bodies was analyzed it was found that the majority of the radiolabeled glycerol (74%) was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine and into the anionic phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol (5%) and phosphatidylinositol (6%). Thus, human fetal lung explants maintained in organ culture contain differentiated type II cells which synthesize surfactant characteristic of human fetal lung at 36 to 38 weeks of gestation. PMID- 7273127 TI - The ultrastructure of synapses in the brain of Gastrocotyle trachuri (Monogenea, Platyhelminthes). AB - The ultrastructure of the synapses in the brain of the monogenean Gastrocotyle trachuri (Platyhelminthes) is described. The synapses consist of one presynaptic terminal separated by a uniformly wide synaptic cleft, from one or more postsynaptic elements. The presynaptic terminals are characterized by the presence of paramembranous dense projections and associated synaptic vesicles. The postsynaptic elements while possessing membrane densities, are usually devoid of vesicles. PMID- 7273128 TI - Cytochemical analysis of intracellular distribution in the anterior pituitary of the rat. AB - In an attempt to assign morphologic identities to previously distinguished functional calcium compartments in the anterior pituitary of the rat, we employed the potassium pyroantimonate technique for cation localization. Tissues were incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C in control medium; with 10 mM theophylline; or with depolarizing amounts of potassium. Precipitate was quantified on photomicrographs of tissue prepared for electron microscopy with a Talos Systems Digitizer. The nature of the electron dense precipitate was dependent on the experimental state of the tissue. Treatment with 5 mM EGTA abolished the dense precipitate. Electron microprobe analysis also confirmed that calcium was the predominant cation in the observed precipitate. The most significant changes in precipitate deposition occurred along the plasma membrane, the limiting membrane of secretory granules and within mitochondria. Dense precipitate was present along the plasma membrane only in cells treated with potassium. Control tissue exhibited higher levels of precipitate associated with the limiting membrane of secretory granules than either theophylline-treated or potassium-treated tissue. Mitochondria contained more precipitate in potassium-treated tissue than in controls, the mitochondria of theophylline-treated tissue contained intermediate levels of precipitate. Addition of either theophylline or depolarizing amounts of potassium has been associated with hormone secretion in anterior pituitary tissue of normal rats. Kinetic studies in our laboratory indicate that intracellular calcium shifts occur. The pyroantimonate technique is useful in verifying morphologically the calcium compartments involved in shifts in intracellular calcium. PMID- 7273130 TI - Projection of ventrolateral medullary (A1) catecholamine neurons toward nucleus tractus solitarii. AB - The distribution and interconnections of brainstem catecholamine cell groups thought to be important in cardiovascular control were studied using histochemical and ultrastructural techniques in the rabbit. Lesions and microinjections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made in the nucleus tractus solitarii in the dorsomedial medulla, and in the ventrolateral medulla. After lesions of the dorsomedial medulla the fluorescence intensity of the A1-group of catecholamine neurons was increased, and swollen axons could be seen coursing from the ventrolateral medulla toward the lesions on the same side, but not the opposite side. Most of these axons ran in a band about 2 mm in width, centered at the level of the obex. Electron microscopically, specific cells, identified as A1 catecholamine neurons, showed evidence of chromatolysis after the dorsomedial lesions. Following injection of HRP into the nucleus tractus solitarii. A1 catecholamine cells in the ventrolateral medulla on the same side contained the reaction product. Lesions of the ventrolateral medulla did not produce evidence of a reciprocal projection of A2-catecholamine neurons toward the ventrolateral medulla. Thus axons of the A1-group of catecholamine neurons in the ventrolateral medulla project toward the ipsilateral nucleus tractus solitarii in a relatively compact band at the level of the obex. On the other hand, the A2-group of catecholamine neurons in the dorsomedial medulla does not appear to send projections toward the A1-group. PMID- 7273129 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on the neonatal adrenal medulla. AB - Newborn male rats were injected with a single dose of dexamethasone on the first day of life. Controls received only the diluent. Two to ten days later the experimental and control animals were sacrificed, and the adrenal medullae were processed for electron microscopy and for histochemical demonstration of catecholamines. Rats that received dexamethasone, as compared to controls showed (1) an earlier appearance of the catecholamine reactions, and (2) a pronounced development of Golgi complex. These results are further indication that glucocorticoid stimulates the maturation of the chromaffin complex. The Golgi apparatus may play some role in this inductive mechanism. PMID- 7273132 TI - Ependyma and meninges of the spinal cord of the mouse. A light-and electron microscopic study. AB - In addition to ependymal epithelial cells, numerous tanycytes are found along the entire central canal of the mouse. These tanycytes are arranged in clusters in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord. In the conus medullaris, tanycytes separate and ensheath bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons; their processes take part in the formation of the stratum marginale gliae. In the caudal part of the spinal cord, the ventral wall of the central canal is thin and some areas are reduced to a single-cell thickness. In this region, ependymal cells participate directly in the formation of the stratum marginale gliae. The meninges consist of the intima piae, the pia mater, the arachnoid, a subdural neurothelium and the dura mater. The subarachnoid space appears occluded and opens only around the spinal roots. In the vicinity of the spinal ganglia, the dura mater, the subdural neurothelium and the arachnoid form a cellular reticulum. PMID- 7273131 TI - Ultrastructural observations on the central innervation of the guinea-pig pineal gland. AB - In the present study the central innervation of the guinea-pig pineal gland was investigated. The habenulae and the pineal stalk contain myelinated and non myelinated nerve fibres with few dense-cored and electron-lucent vesicles. Some myelinated fibres leave the main nerve fibre bundles, lose their myelin-sheaths and terminate in the pineal gland. Although direct proof is lacking, the non myelinated fibres appear to end near the site where the bulk of the myelinated fibres are located. Here a neuropil area exists where synapses between non myelinated fibre elements are abundant. Neurosecretory fibres were also seen. The results support the concept of functional interrelationships between hypothalamus, epithalamus and the pineal gland. PMID- 7273133 TI - The glomerulus of a stenohaline fresh-water teleost, Carassius auratus gibelio, adapted to saline water. A scanning and transmission electron-microscopic study. AB - Prussian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, were maintained in aquaria with a salinity of 15 0/00 for 3 months. More than 90% of the glomeruli disappeared from the tissue as a result of the adaptation to saline water. Kidney tissue was excised and prepared for electron microscopy after perfusion fixation in situ. The fine structure of the renal corpuscle was compared with the normal ultrastructure of glomeruli of control fish from fresh-water aquaria. The main alterations include retraction of the endothelium from the basement membrane, widening of the subendothelial region, folding of the thickened basement membrane and epithelial layer, and the dislocation of slit diaphragms. The findings are discussed in relation to developmental stages of mammalian glomeruli and glomeruli from tissue cultures. The structural changes of the rudimentary glomeruli of the carp kept in 15 0/00 salt water differ from those observed in euryhaline fish from sea water. PMID- 7273134 TI - Oxytocin- and vasopressin-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pineal gland of the hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus L. AB - Oxytocin- and vasopressin-immunoreactive nerve fibers, apparently originating from a dorsal subunit of the paraventricular nucleus, were demonstrated in the pineal gland of the hedgehog. The majority of these fibers (pinealopetal projections) is intimately related to the capillaries of the pineal organ, whereas only a few elements are scattered throughout the pineal parenchyma. The number of peptidergic elements observed in the central portion of the pineal organ exceeds that of fibers located at the periphery. In relation to the functional state of the animals, the amount of immunoreactive material in these pinealopetal nerve fibers exhibits conspicuous variations. In hibernating hedgehogs (group 1), these nerve fibers were considerably richer in oxytocin than in non-hibernating or arousing winter animals (group 2 and 3). In contrast, only weak immunoreactivity for vasopressin was found in intrapineal nerve fibers of hibernating hedgehogs (group 1), whereas the fibers of arousing or non hibernating hedgehogs (group 2 and 3) contained slightly larger amounts of vasopressin. In the pineal organ of animals sacrificed during the summer period (group 4), no immunoreactivity for both neuropeptides was found. The functional significance of the connection between the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and the pineal organ is discussed with special reference to the vascular terminals of the pinealopetal peptidergic nerve fibers. PMID- 7273135 TI - Ultrastructural modifications of the glandular epithelium of the receptaculum seminis in Thermobia domestica (Insectica: Thysanura) during the moulting period. AB - The wall of the receptaculum seminis of Thermobia domestica is composed of numerous glandular units, each with four enveloping cells (denoted 1 to 4) separated by ordinary epithelial cells and associated with a cuticular apparatus. During the moulting periods, which continue to occur in the adult stage, these cells undergo a series of transformations. Just before apolysis there is a dedifferentiation of numerous cytoplasmic organelles, but no mitosis has been observed. When the intima lifts off, the apical system of each glandular unit, i.e. the distal parts of the C2 and C3 cells surrounding the end apparatus, is also eliminated. Then at the apex of each glandular unit, a new ductule is formed in the cavity of which a long ciliary process grows up from cell C1. Finally comes the phase of cuticle formation, i.e., epicuticle for the ductules, epi- and endocuticle for the intima lining the central cavity of the receptaculum. Various cell types participate in secretion of cuticle, the ciliary cells (C1) being responsible for the formation of the porous end apparatus. At ecdysis almost all of the new intima has been secreted and the apical systems are once more differentiated. These transformations are compared with those recently described in other exocrine glands of arthropods, e.g., tegumentary glands and accessory glands of the genital ducts. PMID- 7273137 TI - A selective temperature-sensitive defect in viral RNA expression in cells infected with a ts transformation mutant of murine sarcoma virus. PMID- 7273136 TI - Localization of DNA sequences necessary for transcription of the rabbit beta globin gene in vitro. AB - We have studied the transcription in vitro of the rabbit beta-globin gene in the HeLa cell system. Using cloned fragments of this gene, we obtained specific transcripts with 5' ends at the "cap" site. The analysis of the transcription of a large number of deletion mutants has shown that the cap site and the conserved CCAAT box at 75 nucleotides upstream from the cap site are not required for specific in vitro transcription. Sequences localized within the region from 34 to 20 nucleotides upstream from the 5' end of the cap site, however, are required for in vitro transcription. Since the conserved "Goldberg-Hogness" box is localized in this region, we conclude that this is the major requirement for specific transcription in vitro. Finally, in at least eight cases, deletions localized to the 3' side of the Goldberg-Hogness box shift the transcription initiation site downstream to a position approximately 30 nucleotides from the Goldberg-Hogness box. This is consistent with the idea that RNA polymerase II is bound at the Goldberg-Hogness box and initiates transcription 30 nucleotides downstream from this site. There is apparently little sequence specificity in the selection of the site of initiation. PMID- 7273138 TI - The selective degradation of injected proteins occurs principally in the cytosol rather than in lysosomes. AB - These studies use microinjection to determine whether the selective degradation of cytosolic proteins involves selective transfer of proteins to lysosomes or selective proteolysis within the cytosol. 14C-Sucrose-labeled bovine serum albumin (14C-sucBSA) was conjugated to polylysine, and monolayers of L929 cells were exposed to the conjugate. The 14C-sucrose-labeled peptides that arose upon degradation of the added 14C-sucBSA polylysine accumulated exclusively within lysosomes. In contrast, when 14C-sucBSA or 14C-sucrose-labeled pyruvate kinase (14C-sucPK) was microinjected into L929 cells, over half the 14C-sucrose-labeled peptides derived form the injected proteins were present in the postlysosomal supernatant. Control experiments demonstrated that the microinjection procedure did not cause 14C-sucrose peptides to leak from lysosomes. Therefore, the presence in the cytosol of substantial amounts of the degradation products from injected 14C-sucBSA and 14C-sucPK confirms the existence of a major proteolytic system(s) within or readily accessible to the cytosol of animal cells. PMID- 7273139 TI - Analysis of the cellular interactions involved in the regulation of induced erythrocyte autoantibodies. PMID- 7273140 TI - Murine spleen lymphocytes bearing receptors for peanut agglutinin. VII Separation and functional characterization. PMID- 7273141 TI - Immunoregulation mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, II. PMID- 7273143 TI - Modulation of lymphocyte mitogen responses by cocultured fibroblasts. PMID- 7273142 TI - Rat leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF): similarities to human LIF and generation by cells from rats with collagen-induced arthritis. PMID- 7273144 TI - Ammonia loading in cell culture systems. PMID- 7273145 TI - Two freeze-fracture patterns in the purple membranes of halobacterium halobium. PMID- 7273147 TI - Methylation of ribosomal RNA in growing and resting cultures of Paul's Scarlet Rose. PMID- 7273146 TI - Importance of antigen-lymphocyte interaction in establishment of cellular immunity. PMID- 7273148 TI - Decoration of microtubules by a colchicine derivative. PMID- 7273149 TI - Stability of microtubules from insect ovarioles. PMID- 7273150 TI - [Generalized rubrophycia and thymoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273151 TI - [Microsporia and topical therapeutical problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273153 TI - [Xenotransplants in crural ulcer treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273152 TI - [Squamous-cell carcinoma as a degeneration of multiple epidermoid cysts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273154 TI - [Surgical treatment in some types of alopecia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273155 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum. Successful treatment with the Imuran and prednisone combination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273157 TI - [Arthrospores in epidemiology and pathogenesis of dermatophytoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273156 TI - [A few facts and figures on gonorrhoea treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273158 TI - [Dynamics and external sensibilization relationships in contact eczema, varicose complex and dermatomycosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273159 TI - [Free amino acids and peptides in guinea-pig skin experimental allergic contact dermatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273160 TI - [Some thoughts on the technique of epicutaneous tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273162 TI - [A histology study of perioral and rosaceiform dermatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273161 TI - [Autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273163 TI - [Microsporosis familiaris (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273164 TI - [Outpatient treatment of crural ulcers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273165 TI - [Present-day problems of photodermatosis--I. part (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273167 TI - [Laparotomy in the diagnosis of liver metastases]. PMID- 7273166 TI - [Contribution to the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice in patients with chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273168 TI - [Diagnostic indications and therapeutic methods of endoscopy in relation to radiographic and surgical findings]. PMID- 7273169 TI - [New Czechoslovak recommendations for nutritional requirements]. PMID- 7273170 TI - [Duodenal ulcer and esophageal reflux]. PMID- 7273171 TI - [Changes in the mucous barrier of the stomach due to some drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273172 TI - [Circulating immune complexes after infectious hepatitis treated with balneotherapy]. PMID- 7273174 TI - [Statistic determination of the course of a disease and the survival with respect to actuarial methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273173 TI - [The effect of long-term vitamin C deficiency on the metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins A and E in guinea pigs]. PMID- 7273175 TI - [The types of intrauterine foetal growth during physiological and pathological pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273176 TI - [Haemostatic mechanism in the uterus during the IIIrd stage of delivery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273177 TI - [Nosocomial infections of mothers in puerperium and of newborns (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273178 TI - [Chimerism and mosaicism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273179 TI - [Anatomic forms of the external genitalia in adrenogenital syndrome and errors in interpretation]. PMID- 7273180 TI - [Sexual life of women after creation of a vagina with a free skin-flap in treatment of Rokitansky-Kuster syndrome]. PMID- 7273181 TI - [Hilar cell ovarian tumor]. PMID- 7273182 TI - [Risks and perspectives of steroid contraceptives]. PMID- 7273183 TI - [Therapy of ovarian carcinoma]. PMID- 7273184 TI - [Results gained by serological tests for toxoplasmosis in genetic female patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273185 TI - [The position of gynecology as the first point of contact]. PMID- 7273187 TI - [Side-effects of levamisol in women suffering with malignant tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273186 TI - [Changes in the level of total and ionized serum calcium during delivery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273188 TI - [Pseudotumours of toxoplasmatic origin in female breast (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273189 TI - [Myasthenia and pregnancy]. PMID- 7273191 TI - [Uterus bicornis with a rudimentary right uterine horn and aplasia of the ipsilateral kidney]. PMID- 7273190 TI - [Foreign bodies and pregnancy]. PMID- 7273192 TI - [Empirical study of stress and anxiety in pregnant women]. PMID- 7273193 TI - [Estrogens and osteoporosis]. PMID- 7273194 TI - [Immunologic aspects of endometriosis]. PMID- 7273195 TI - [Work disability in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 7273196 TI - [Basic physiology research and practice]. PMID- 7273197 TI - [Physiological basis of microcirculation]. PMID- 7273199 TI - [Hematopoietic cells in vitro]. PMID- 7273198 TI - [Methods of determining the optimal intake of fats]. PMID- 7273200 TI - [Inducing hypercholesterolemia by increasing dietary cholesterol in minipigs]. PMID- 7273201 TI - [Measurement of potential gradients in a small area: a method for differentiating between central nervous system responses to heterotopic stimulation]. PMID- 7273202 TI - [The left ventricle in mitral stenosis]. PMID- 7273203 TI - [Focal ischemia of the brain and personality changes]. PMID- 7273204 TI - [The atlas-axis relationship in lateral bending]. PMID- 7273205 TI - [Activating effect of sleep deprivation on paroxysmal activity in various types of epilepsy]. PMID- 7273206 TI - [Laboratory indicators of chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 7273207 TI - [Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage in ependymoma]. PMID- 7273208 TI - [Catamnesis of patients operated on for lumbar vertebral syndrome]. PMID- 7273210 TI - [Normal development of skin reflexes]. PMID- 7273209 TI - [The source of subarachnoid hemorrhage and its relation to prognosis]. PMID- 7273211 TI - [Development of electrical activity in the central nervous system in central hypotonic syndromes of various cerebral and cerebellar disorders]. PMID- 7273212 TI - [Postoperative care and treatment of respiratory insufficiency in infants and small children after surgery of congenital heart defects using hypothermia and circulatory arrest]. PMID- 7273213 TI - [Non-structural heart disease in newborn infants]. PMID- 7273214 TI - [Incidence of hyperbilirubinemia and indications for phototherapy in infants of diabetic mothers]. PMID- 7273215 TI - [Analysis of proteinuria in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7273216 TI - [Adiuretin (DDAVP) test for renal concentrating ability in infants]. PMID- 7273217 TI - [Fetal face syndrome (Robinow syndrome]. PMID- 7273218 TI - [Mass outbreak of giardiasis in an infant institution]. PMID- 7273219 TI - [Children and lead. Epidemiology and pathophysiology (part I)]. PMID- 7273220 TI - [Use of functional bronchography in pediatrics]. PMID- 7273221 TI - [Results of genetic counseling in the prevention of neural tube defects in the Western Bohemian Region from 1975-1979]. PMID- 7273222 TI - [Child murder]. PMID- 7273223 TI - [The effect of heat on the bacteriostatic activity of breast milk]. PMID- 7273226 TI - [Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis for the improvement of perinatology outcome in multiple pregnancy]. PMID- 7273225 TI - [Ultrasonic, hormonal and biochemical study of intrauterine fetal development in healthy and sick women]. PMID- 7273224 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in perinatology]. PMID- 7273227 TI - [Heterosexual pubertas praecox]. PMID- 7273228 TI - [Pharmacology of salicylates. V. Comparison of absorption and excretion of acetylsalicylic acid in infants and older children]. PMID- 7273229 TI - [Natal and neonatal teeth]. PMID- 7273231 TI - [International system of SI units in radiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273230 TI - [Topical treatment of skin diseases of childhood. Part II. Special therapy]. PMID- 7273232 TI - [Adaptive changes of the digestive tract after jejunoileal bypass on account of obesity in the X-ray picture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273233 TI - [The PIV syndrome (polydactylia, imperforate anus, vertebrogenous anomalies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273235 TI - [Extensive exulceration of gastric carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273234 TI - [Meningeal lesion as the cause of cervical myelopathy in the course of progressive polyarthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273236 TI - [Biliary ileus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273237 TI - [Tumours and tumor-like conditions of ribs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273238 TI - [Renaissance of pressor pharmacoradiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273239 TI - [Initial experience with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) by means of an ultrathin needle "Chiba" in type I hospitals with policlinics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273240 TI - Cellular and chemical reduction products of misonidazole. AB - Misonidazole is readily reduced by zinc dust in aqueous solution in the presence of ammonium chloride. High pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of the reduction mixture revealed the presence of three products. These were identified as the hydroxylamine, amine and the hydrazo derivative of misonidazole. There is evidence that the azoxy derivative was an intermediate in the reduction process. When the reduction was carried out in dilute solution (0.1 mg/ml), the hydroxylamine was the only product. In concentrated solution (20 mg/ml), the hydrazo derivative was the major product. When misonidazole was reduced with hydrogen using palladium as catalyst, the amine was the only detectable product. Of the three products, only the hydroxylamine was found to bind covalently to bovine albumin. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells under hypoxic conditions the amine was confirmed as one of the metabolites. There was no evidence for the presence of detectable amounts of the hydroxylamine in the cell extracts. These studies suggest that the hydroxylamine is probably the reactive reduction metabolite responsible for the in vivo and in vitro binding of misonidazole to cellular macromolecules. PMID- 7273241 TI - Metabolic study of 7-methylbenzo[a]pyrene with rat liver microsomes: separation by reversed-phase and normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography and characterization of metabolites. AB - The 7-methylbenzo[a]pyrene (7-MBaP) was incubated with liver microsomes of rats pretreated with polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) (PCBs). Metabolites of 7 MBaP were isolated by both reversed-phase and normal-phage high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-visible and mass spectral analyses. The predominant metabolite of 7 MBaP was found to be 3-hydroxy-7-methylbenzo[a]pyrene (3-hydroxy-7-MBaP). Other identified metabolites include 7-MBaP 4,5-, 7,8-, and 9,10-trans-dihydrodiols, 7 hydroxymethyl-BaP, 7-hydroxymethyl-BaP trans-9,10-dihydrodiol, 9-hydroxy-7-MBaP, 3-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethyl-BaP, 7-MBaP 1,6- and 3,6- quinones, and a hydroquinone which is also formed by further metabolism of the 3-hydroxy-7-MBaP. Comparative metabolic studies of 7-MBaP and BaP indicated that, relative to that of BaP, the methyl substituent of 7-MBaP slightly increases the formation of 3-hydroxy-7-MBaP and decreases the metabolism at other regions of the 7-MBaP molecule. The finding that a 7,8-dihydrodiol is a metabolite indicates that, like BaP, 7-MBaP may also be activated to the potentially reactive 7,8-dihydrodiol 9,10-epoxides although their formations are significantly reduced. PMID- 7273242 TI - Irreversible binding of reductively activated streptonigrin to nucleic acids in the presence of metals. AB - The binding of streptonigrin (SN) to nucleic acids was studied in the presence of reducing agents and metals. Incubation of chemically reduced SN with DNA in vitro resulted in irreversible binding and complexes containing 1 mol of SN per 250 nucleotides were obtained. The presence of Zn2+ increased this binding considerably to give complexes containing 1 mol of SN per 80 nucleotides. On the other hand, Mg2+ decreased this binding. More drug was bound to the denatured DNA than to the native DNA. Maximum binding was obtained when SN was reduced in the presence of DNA. Increased binding was also obtained when the fully reduced SN was incubated with DNA. Considerably more SN was bound to DNA when activated enzymatically than with NaBH4. Studies with synthetic polynucleotides in the presence of Zn2+ suggested that while SN has a high affinity for guanine residues, cytosine and adenine residues also serve as excellent substrates. These studies indicate that the active intermediate that binds to nucleic acids is unstable and may be derived from the fully reduced drug. These in vitro studies further suggest that Zn2+ plays an important role in the binding of SN to DNA and may have implications for the biological actions of SN if similar reactions occurred in vivo. PMID- 7273243 TI - Measurements of daunorubicin uptake of Yoshida sarcoma cells in culture using flow cytofluorimetry. AB - A comparative measurement of the transport and localisation of daunorubicin into Yoshida sarcoma cells, was undertaken by a biochemical extraction process and a flow cytometric method. An advantage of this latter procedure would be to identify subpopulation of cells which have enhanced or impaired daunorubicin incorporation as well as the ability to exclude any non-specific incorporation into cell debris, which would otherwise interfere with the overall estimation. It has been possible to use the Biophysics argon ion laser at a wavelength of 488 nm which coincides with the visible absorption bands of daunorubicin and doxorubicin (adriamycin) and the cytofluorimetric estimations of daunorubicin incorporation have now been compared with biochemically determined uptake in Yoshida cells. A high lethal dose of 10 microM was required to achieve the direct measurement by cytofluorimetry procedures on the Biophysics instrument. From cell fractionation and CHCl3/amyl alcohol extraction, it was possible to show that during a 5-h exposure period to daunorubicin (10 microM), the uptake into the nucleus was at first rapid and that into the cytoplasm was much slower. After about 3-h incubation, the level in the cytoplasm decreased, followed by a decrease from the nucleus 1 h later. This could be equated when observed microscopically to the gain in fluorescent cell debris. If all nuclear binding is to DNA, then at the level of (10 microM) concentration in the medium, the number of base pairs to daunorubicin would be 9 : 1, respectively. Cytofluorimetry showed a broad spread of intracellular daunorubicin fluorescence which increases with cell size. Increasing external concentration caused a more rapid incorporation as well as a quicker release from the cells. PMID- 7273244 TI - Specific labelling of microsomal proteins by reactive intermediates generated from 2-acetylaminofluorene in vitro. AB - Incubation of 2-[9-14C]acetylaminofluorene (2-[9-14C]AAF) in vitro with rat liver microsomes, leads to covalent binding of label to microsomal proteins. The binding is NADPH-dependent, increases linearly with time, and is inhibited by SKF 525A and 7,8-benzoflavone (7,8-BF). Binding is increased more than 8-fold in microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene(MC)-pretreated rats, but only less than 2 fold in those from phenobarbital(PB)-pretreated rats. In the presence of cytosolic proteins, there is slight enhancement of the labelling of microsomes and some labelling of the cytosolic proteins. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicate that covalent labelling by 2-AAF derivatives is concentrated in specific proteins. The pattern of labelling varies between microsomes from animals pretreated with PB, MC and 2-AAF. Factors which may contribute to the specificity of labelling are discussed. PMID- 7273245 TI - Studies on antitumor-active 2,3-dioxopiperazine derivatives. I. Degradation products of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-substituted-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinyl)-alkyl-1 nitrosourea in aqueous solution. PMID- 7273246 TI - Chemical modification of amino groups in alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus natto KMD 1126. PMID- 7273247 TI - Stimulation of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis by saikosaponin of Bupleuri radix. PMID- 7273248 TI - Chemical structures and corticosterone secretion-inducing activities of saikosaponins. PMID- 7273249 TI - Chemical and biochemical studies on carbohydrate esters. IX. Antitumor effects of selectively fatty acylated products of maltose. PMID- 7273250 TI - Studies on phenylalanine metabolism by tracer techniques. IV. Biotransformation of D- and L-phenylalanine in man. PMID- 7273251 TI - Studies on the absorption of practically water-insoluble drugs following injection. I. Intramuscular absorption from water-immiscible oil solutions in rats. PMID- 7273252 TI - Influence of osmotic pressure and viscosity on intestinal drug absorption. Il Studies on the gastric effluent following oral administration of various quinine solutions to rats. PMID- 7273253 TI - Properties of calcium-binding protein isolated from the soluble fraction of normal rat liver. PMID- 7273254 TI - Influence of blood proteins on biomedical analysis. II. Interaction of gliclazide with bovine serum albumin. PMID- 7273255 TI - Identification of a reactive metabolite of the mutagen, 2-amino-3 methylimidazolo[4,5-f]quinoline. PMID- 7273256 TI - Identification of urinary metabolites of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) in rats. PMID- 7273257 TI - Factors affecting the adsorption of chlorhexidine gluconate by hydroxyapatite. PMID- 7273258 TI - Dietary and thyroparathyroidal regulation of calcium excretion into the bile of rats. PMID- 7273259 TI - The use of liposomes as enzyme carriers. I. Dependence of enzyme stability on the method of preparation. PMID- 7273261 TI - Estimation of diazepam adsorbed on glass surfaces and silicone-coated surfaces as models of surfaces of containers. PMID- 7273260 TI - The analgesic effects of the decomposition products of sulpyrine, N-[2-(5 hydroxymethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2,3,4-trihydroxy)furyl]methyl-N-methylantipyrine and Antipyrinyl-4-peroxide. PMID- 7273262 TI - Preparation of platinum(II) complexes of diamine isomers [PtX(1,3-diamine)] (X = Cl2, SO4, (NO3)2, oxalato, D-glucuronato, and D-gluconato) and determination of their antitumor activity against leukemia L1210. PMID- 7273263 TI - Thiol compounds. II.1) Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of mercaptoacylamino acids. PMID- 7273264 TI - Danazol activity. PMID- 7273265 TI - Structure-pharmacokinetic relationships for misonidazole analogues in mice. AB - We have compared the mouse pharmacokinetics of six analogues of the hypoxic cell sensitizer misonidazole (MISO). The analogues were all uncharged and similar in redox potential, but widely different in octanol-water partition coefficient (range 0.026-1.5). Lipophilic analogues were cleared mainly by metabolism and non linear elimination kinetics were seen at high doses. Hydrophilic analogues, including desmethylmisonidazole, SR-2508, and SR-2555, were removed principally by renal clearance exhibiting linear elimination kinetics. Lipophilic analogues were cleared more rapidly after hepatic microsomal enzyme induction by phenobarbitone, whereas the kinetics of hydrophilic analogues were unaffected. Low-dose clearance was similar for most of the analogues. But the hydrophilic SR 2555 was cleared twice as quickly as MISO, and the lipophilic Ro 07-0913 seven times faster than MISO. Plasma protein binding was low for all the analogues. The significance of these results for the predictive value of the mouse as a model for man is discussed. PMID- 7273267 TI - Renal clearance of methotrexate in man during high-dose oral and intravenous infusion therapy. AB - The renal excretion and clearance of methotrexate (MTX) following high-dose (800 mg) therapy followed by folinic acid rescue was studied in 12 patients (2 female, 10 male): the mean age was 49.3 +/- 5.5 (SE), weight 68.6 +/- 3.9 (SE) and body surface area 1.8 +/- 0.1 m2. Plasma and urine were collected over 154 h at intervals of 2-24 h, and the collection times, volume, and pH of urine samples recorded. Total MTX concentrations in urine and plasma were measured by the highly specific competitive protein-binding assay method. Plasma and urinary creatinine levels were measured on an SMA-12 autoanalyser. The renal clearance of MTX was calculated for each urine collection period. Following oral administration, clearance values during the first 6 h were high at 257 +/- 8.3 (ml/Min), followed by a trough in clearance of 27.9 +/- 4.2 (ml/min) in the 20- to 30-h period. This was followed by a secondary rise of MTX renal clearance to 180.4 +/- 14.6 ml/min during the 68- to 84-h period and again to 84.9 +/- 17.1 ml/min between 84 and 112 h. In the last two periods it rose to 209 +/- 57.9 ml/min. Similar fluctuations were seen following IV administration. The changes in clearance were statistically significant at the p less than 0.005 level. It is suggested that high concentrations of MTX in the renal tubules result in inhibition of carrier protein synthesis, leading to a fall in active tubular secretion. When MTX concentrations fall the tubular cell recovers and a secondary rise in renal clearance occurs, leading to cyclical changes in MTX elimination. PMID- 7273268 TI - The pharmacokinetics of prednimustine and chlorambucil in the rat. AB - In the rat prednimustine, the prednisolone ester of chlorambucil, is much less toxic than equimolar doses of chlorambucil, when administered subcutaneously (SC). This is due to differences in alkylating agent pharmacokinetics. Prednimustine injected SC produced low plasma concentrations (less than 5 microM) of the alkylating metabolites chlorambucil and phenyl acetic mustard, which were maintained for 48 h. No unhydrolysed prednimustine could be detected. Chlorambucil, in contrast, was rapidly absorbed, peak levels (40 microM) occurring within 2 h, after which chlorambucil and phenyl acetic mustard plasma levels decreased with half-lives of 2.4 h and 2.9 h respectively. The toxicity of chlorambucil could be similarly reduced by administering either the methyl ester of chlorambucil or by giving chlorambucil in a multiple-treatment low-dose schedule. Neither of these treatments inhibited the Yoshida alkylating agent resistant tumour, however, whereas prednimustine or a combination of chlorambucil and prednisolone produced significant tumour growth inhibition. Prednisolone did not alter chlorambucil pharmacokinetics. Thus the reduced toxicity of prednimustine is due to chlorambucil esterification and the subsequent alteration in pharmacokinetics, whilst inhibition of alkylating agent-resistant tumours results from the combination of chlorambucil and prednisolone. PMID- 7273269 TI - Does color of an antitumor agent predict for clinical antitumor activity? PMID- 7273271 TI - Interindividual comparison of epoxide hydratase and glutathione S-transferase activities in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - Epoxide hydratase activity with benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide and glutathione S transferase activity with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene as substrates were determined in cultured fibroblasts from skin biopsies of different donors and from several biopsies of the same donor. Variation of the results from experiment to experiment was reduced by the use of a reference cell strain and expression of the results as activities relative to those of the reference cells. Epoxide hydratase activity varied 2.3-fold in 39 cultures from the same subject (the variation coefficients were 0.22 and 0.15, respectively). The results indicate that, at least in skin fibroblasts, genetically caused interindividual differences in epoxide hydratase activities do not exist or are negligibly small or very rare. Glutathione S-transferase activity varied more in cultures from different donors (variation coefficient = 0.22) than in different cultures from the same donor (variation coefficient = 0.08), but the highest and the lowest activities only differed by a factor of 2.3. No significant differences in either enzyme activity were observed between males, females, subjects without tumours, lung carcinoma bearers and melanoma patients. PMID- 7273270 TI - Effects of nickel compounds on incorporation of [3H] thymidine into DNA in rat liver and kidney. AB - In vivo incorporation of [3H] thymidine into DNA was determined in rats at 28 h after partial hepatectomy. Administration of nickel carbonyl (Ni(CO)4) at 2 or 4 h before sacrifice inhibited [3H] thymidine uptake into liver and kidney DNA. For example, in rats killed 4 h after i.v. injection of Ni(CO)4 (2 mg Ni/100 g), [3H] labelling of liver DNA averaged 54 (SE +/- 10)% of controls (p less than 0.05), and [3H]-labelling of kidney DNA averaged 53 (SE +/- 6)% of controls (p less than 0.01). Injection of NiCl2 (2 mg Ni/100 g, i.m.) 4 h before death did not significantly affect [3H] thymidine uptake into liver DNA, but did inhibit [3H] thymidine uptake into kidney DNA (65 +/- 6%, p less than 0.02). Binding of 63Ni to DNA in liver and kidney of rats killed 4 h after injection of 63Ni(CO)4 or 63NiCl2 ranged from 0.3 to 2.2 mol 63Ni/mol of DNA nucleotides. Ultracentrifugation of DNA on alkaline sucrose gradients did not reveal any differences between sedimentation profiles of hepatic DNA from Ni(CO)4-treated rats versus paired control rats. PMID- 7273266 TI - Pharmacology of amygdalin (laetrile) in cancer patients. AB - Plasma and urine concentrations of amygdalin, whole-blood concentrations of cyanide, and thiocyanate concentrations in serum and urine were determined in cancer patients following intravenous (4.5 g/m2) and oral (500-mg tablet) administration of amygdalin. To measure low plasma concentrations of amygdalin following oral administration a GC/MS assay was developed. Following intravenous administration, concentrations of parent drug as high as 1,401 microgram/ml were observed, with no increase in plasma concentrations of cyanide or serum concentrations of thiocyanate. Plasma elimination of amygdalin was best described by a two-compartment open model with a mean distributive phase half-life of 6.2 min, mean elimination phase half-life of 120.3 min, and mean clearance of 99.3 ml/min. Following oral administration of amygdalin, plasma concentrations were much lower, with peak values of less than 525 ng/ml. Cyanide concentrations increased to values as high as 2.1 microgram/ml whole blood. Thiocyanate concentrations did not increase for several days, plateauing at values as high as 38 microgram/ml serum. Ingestion of almonds by two patients taking oral amygdalin increased cyanide concentrations compared with values obtained after oral amygdalin alone. PMID- 7273273 TI - Effect of captan on DNA synthesis in the liver and testes of rats. AB - Rats were fed a diet containing 0.3% (w/w) captan for 2, 4 and 12 weeks and compared with controls, and with rats fed 0.02% (w/w) N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). Cell loss was evaluated from the drop of previously [14C] labeled DNA and DNA synthesis was expressed as fractional incorporation of [3H] dThd into hepatic and testicular DNA. The feeding of AAF for 12 weeks produced in the liver a cell loss and a stimulation of DNA synthesis (+ 348%); in the testes, a cell loss but an inhibition of DNA synthesis (- 84%) occurred. The continuous feeding of captan produced no cytotoxic effect on the liver but increased hepatic DNA synthesis between 2 and 4 weeks of diet (+ 100%). Then, the synthesis induction seemed to reach a plateau until 12 weeks. The captan diet did not provoke any cytotoxic effect on testes until 4 weeks of feeding. At 12 weeks, some loss of testicular DNA and of [14C] labeling indicated a toxic effect of captan. The testicular DNA synthesis was clearly inhibited by captan diet at 4 weeks (- 22%), and the inhibition increased at 12 weeks (- 27%). Experiments done at a higher level of captan (1.5% in the diet) showed that the effect on DNA synthesis in liver and testes was dose-related. PMID- 7273272 TI - Identification of guanine-adducts of carcinogens by their fluorescence. AB - A fluorescence technique has been devised to identify guanosine adducts, substituted at the N7, O6 and N2 positions. The technique is based on fluorescence excitation spectra taken under neutral and alkaline conditions. At neutral pH, the N7- and O6- derivatives were fluorescent while at an alkaline pH the N7-derivatives were irreversibly destroyed with the loss of fluorescence. In alkaline solution the O6- and N2-derivatives were fluorescent but neutralization suppressed the fluorescence of the N2- derivatives. The technique was examined using methylmethanesulfonate, known to produce in the main N7- alkylation, and with diethyl sulfate known to produce N7- alkylation and to a lesser extent O6 alkylation. Fluorescence spectra typical of N 2-alkylation, in addition to N7 alkylation was produced by dimethylcarbamoylchloride. PMID- 7273274 TI - Phorbol related esters have similar structure-activity relations in Swiss 3T3 cells and chicken embryo fibroblasts. AB - We have examined the activity of nine phorbol-related diterpene esters for stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the Swiss 3T3 mouse cell line. The half maximally effective doses (ED50's) of these derivatives ranged over four orders of magnitude. The potencies of the seven phorbol esters studied correlated well with their previously determined potencies in vitro for stimulation of 2 deoxyglucose uptake in chicken embryo fibroblasts and with thier potencies in vivo in the mouse ear inflammation assay. Two esters of 12-deoxyphorbol which are highly inflammatory but weakly promoting showed the same low potency in 3T3 cells as in chick embryo fibroblasts. These results suggest that 3T3 cells and chick embryo fibroblasts have homologous targets for the phorbol related diterpene esters. All phorbol related diterpene esters were of comparable efficacy in the 3T3 system with the exception of 4-O-methylphorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The lower efficacy of 4-O-methylphorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate may help account for its inactivity as a tumor promoter. PMID- 7273275 TI - Comparison of induction of sister chromatid exchange, 8-azaguanine- and ouabain resistant mutants by cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and 1-(pyridyl-3)-3,3 dimethyltriazene in Chinese hamster cells cultured in diffusion chambers in mice. AB - Data on induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE), 8-azaguanine and ouabain resistant mutants in V79 cells in diffusion chambers in mice treated with three chemicals were compared to determine the relationship between SCE and mutation. For 1-(pyridyl-3)-3,3-dimethyltriazene, a positive, linear correlation was demonstrated between induced SCE and mutation at both loci. For cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, it was observed that SCE analysis was a more sensitive biological endpoint than induction of mutation. PMID- 7273276 TI - Styrene and styrene oxide induce SCEs and are metabolised in human lymphocyte cultures. AB - Both styrene and its presumed active metabolite styrene oxide show dose response as potent inducers of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in human lymphocyte cultures. The SCE inducing and clastogenic capacity of styrene in lymphocytes in vitro can be explained by gas chromatographically measurable increase of styrene oxide in styrene treated cultures. PMID- 7273277 TI - Metabolism of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine by cultured human colon. AB - The overall metabolism of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, and organotropic colon carcinogen in rodents, has been studied using human colon explant cultures. The binding level of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine to DNA which in this study includes both reaction of metabolites with DNA and incorporation of radioactive metabolites into DNA, showed a 100-fold variation among the 120 people studied. When different anatomical colonic sites were compared, the highest mean binding levels were found in the ascending and sigmoid colon. No significant difference in the median and mean binding levels were observed in nontumorous colon obtained surgically from patients with colon cancer and colon obtained from immediate autopsy, but decreased mean binding levels were seen in tissues obtained by surgery from patients with non-cancerous colonic disorders. Several exogenous chemicals were found to modify the metabolism. When the colon explants were co incubated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and these chemicals, the binding level of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine to DNA was (a) increased by either indole 3-carbinol or phenobarbital, (b) decreased with disulfiram, butylated hydroxytoluene, or taurodeoxycholic acid, and (c) unaltered by lithocholic acid. PMID- 7273279 TI - Structural identification of the pyrimidine derivatives formed from N (deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene in aqueous solution at alkaline pH. AB - The major aminofluorene-DNA derivative formed from the carcinogen N-acetyl-2 aminofluorene in vivo in rat liver is N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene. This nucleoside is hydrolyzed in aqueous solution at alkaline pH through the 7-8 guanine bond to form two pyrimidine derivatives which were separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography on silica. From chemical, u.v., i.r., n.m.r. and mass spectral analysis the pyrimidine derivatives have been identified as 1-[6-(2,5-diamino-4-oxopyrimidinyl-N6 deoxyriboside)]-3-(2-fluorenyl)ureas, which probably are stereoisomers. Similar products were isolated from enzymatic hydrolysates of DNA reacted with N-hydroxy 2-aminofluorene under mildly acidic conditions (pH 5) and subsequent treatment with 0.1 N NaOH. Kinetic studies of the hydrolysis reaction showed that it occurs already at a measurable rate at pH 9.5 and 37 degrees C. The reaction is catalyzed by Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions and by alkaline phosphatase from E. coli. PMID- 7273278 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of pancreatic carcinogenesis: morphological characterization of N-nitroso-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine-induced neoplasms in the Syrian hamster. AB - Tumours of the exocrine pancreas of the Syrian hamster, induced by lifetime weekly injections of N-nitroso-bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)amine(BHP), were studied by light and electron microscopy and their fine structure was characterized. The neoplasms were cystic and papillary adenomata and adenocarcinomata, whose development was preceded by that of cystic foci of flattened epithelial cells. The tumour epithelia consisted of flattened, cuboidal or columnar cells, the latter frequently showing mucous metaplasia. Although there was a considerable degree of ultrastructural pleomorphism within tumours, some of which was apparently related to maturation, all the neoplasms shared sufficient common cellular characteristics to indicate a common histogenesis. Although the neoplasms induced by BHP closely resembled human "ductal" pancreatic tumours, they did not appear to arise from the ducts. PMID- 7273281 TI - The incorporation of O4-methylthymidine into V79A cell DNA when present in the cell culture medium. AB - When Chinese hamster V79A cells are cultured in the presence of O4-methyl-[6-3H] thymidine the incorporation of this modified nucleoside into newly synthesised DNA is observed. The radioactivity incorporated has been identified as O4 methylthymidine by digesting the DNA to 3'-monophosphates with spleen phosphodiesterase followed by treatment with alkaline phosphatase to give O4 methylthymidine as the major radioactive product. The radioactivity associated with the latter co-chromatographs with authentic O4-methylthymidine in several chromatographic systems. Once incorporated the modified nucleoside appears to be rapidly removed from the DNA with half-life of 2-3 h. There is no evidence of demethylation of the O4-methylthymidine to give thymidine, in either the culture medium or within the cells once incorporated into DNA. Although the levels of incorporation observed are low, (being only 125 O4-methylthymidine residues per 10(8) thymidine residues at a modified nucleoside concentration of 10(-5) M), they may still be relevant as similar levels are apparently produced in the DNA of the cultured cells on treatment with biologically significant doses of carcinogenic alkylating agents. PMID- 7273280 TI - Interaction of DNA with cytosolic 3-methylcholanthrene binding proteins from either rat or mouse liver. AB - The ability of cytosolic 3-methylcholanthrene binding proteins from rat liver to interact with DNA was studied using DNA-cellulose chromatography. Two DNA binding fractions, eluting in 0.15 M KCl (peak 1) and 0.33 M KCl (peak 2), were observed on salt elution from a denatured DNA-cellulose column which had been incubated with rat liver cytosol containing radiolabelled 3-methylcholanthrene. No detectable DNA binding fractions were found when columns containing cellulose alone or native DNA-cellulose were used. Temperature activation of the cytosolic proteins containing 3-methylcholanthrene did not result in a significant difference in DNA binding characteristics when compared with a non-treated sample. The pretreatment of rats with Aroclor 1254 induced peak 1 3.7 fold over control values. An analysis of the proteins present in peaks 1 and 2 from control and induced rats was carried out using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparative DNA-cellulose chromatography of cytosolic liver proteins from a cytochrome P-448 inducible mouse strain (DBA/6J) and non inducible mouse strain (DBA/2J) showed much higher levels of DNA binding by protein bound 3-methylcholanthrene from C57BL/6J hepatic cytosol. PMID- 7273282 TI - Carcinogenicity of 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine, 4-chloro-m-phenylenediamine, and 2-chloro-p-phenylenediamine in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. AB - In both male and female Fischer rats, feeding 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine at 0.5 or 1% in the diet led to a significant increase in hyperplasia, papilloma and carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Neoplastic nodules of the liver and squamous cell papillomas of the stomach were also increased slight. Similar levels of this compound in male and female B6C3F1 mice increased significantly the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. 4-Chloro-m-phenylenediamine at 0.2 or 0.4% in the diet led to a significant elevation in the incidence of adrenal pheochromocytoma in male rats. At 1 or 2% levels it caused hepatocellular adenoma in female mice. Although the analog, 2-chloro-p-phenylenediamine increased transitional cell hyperplasia of the kidney in both male and female rats, it had no significant neoplastic effect at the 0.15 or 0.3% levels fed. PMID- 7273283 TI - Comparison of carcinogenesis by two isomers of nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine. AB - The cis and trans isomers of nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (Me2NMOR) have been separated and administered to Fischer 344 rats at doses corresponding to their proportion in the mixture prepared from the commercial amine (approximately 2 cis to 1 trans). The mixture of isomers was given at 2 doses, 50 mg per liter of drinking water and 20 mg per liter. A standard volume of each solution was given (20 ml per day per rat) on 5 days of each week and the animals were treated for the same time at either higher or lower dose levels. Almost all of the animals died with basal cell carcinomas and/or papillomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The time at which the rats died with the tumors was used as a measure of carcinogenic potency. Survival of the treated animals was consistently longer at the lower dose of each isomer. It was concluded that the trans isomer of Me2NMOR is a more potent carcinogen in rats than the cis isomer. PMID- 7273284 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of pancreatic carcinogenesis. II. Establishment and morphology of a transplantable hamster pancreatic adenocarcinoma, FCP. AB - Hamster pancreatic adenocarcinomas were induced by life-time treatment with N nitroso-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; two of these transplanted subcutaneously into adult hamster recipients. One tumour, designated FCP, continued to grow and has been maintained through 8 serial transplant generations. The morphology and ultrastructure of FCP are described. It is relatively slow-growing, well differentiated tumour that exhibits a stable growth rate and fine structure and closely resembles both primary hamster pancreatic adenocarcinomas and the human disease, and thus appears to be suitable for use in further biochemical and chemotherapeutic studies. PMID- 7273285 TI - The induction of ornithine decarboxylase and DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes after a single administration of diethylnitrosamine. AB - In primary monolayer culture of adult rat liver cells, the presence of a mixture of hormones stimulates DNA synthesis and proliferation. Under conditions of suboptimal hormone stimulation diethylnitrosamine was found to be effective in stimulation of DNA synthesis. Diethylnitrosamine also influences ornithine decarboxylase activity. The effect of some carcinogens and their structural related non-carcinogenic analogs on ornithine decarboxylase activity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes was studied. The addition of the carcinogens diethylnitrosamine, benzo[a]pyrene, methylmethanesulphonate and ethylmethanesulphonate caused significant increases in ornithine decarboxylase activity. Under the same conditions the non-carcinogenic analogs diethylformamide and pyrene did not show this change in enzyme activity. PMID- 7273286 TI - Hypomethylation of DNA in Raji cells after treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. AB - Human Raji lymphoblast-like cells were propagated in the presence of various concentrations of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and the degree of enzymatic methylation of newly synthesized DNA was analysed by two independent methods. The overall extent of enzymatic DNA methylation was measured on the basis of [14C]deoxycytidine derived radioactivity incorporated into DNA 5-methylcytosine and cytosine residues. Enzymatic methylation of internal cytosines at 5'-CCGG-3' sequences of Raji DNA was analysed by use of the bacterial restriction enzyme HpaII and its isoschizomer MspI. The data obtained by both methods indicate that the treatment with MNU causes a lower level of enzymatic methylation of newly synthesized DNA. This lower extent of DNA methylation persists in the absence of the carcinogen in the cell cycles following the treatment. PMID- 7273287 TI - Investigation of the effects of the phorbol ester TPA on carcinogen-induced forward mutagenesis to 6-thioguanine-resistance in V79 Chinese hamster cells. AB - 12-O-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was tested for its effect on N' methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced forward mutagenesis to 6 thioguanine resistance (6TGR) in V79 Chinese hamster cells. Using a replating assay, no effect of TPA on the recovery of 6TGR mutants was observed. Previous reports of TPA enhancement of carcinogen-induced forward mutagenesis using the in situ mutagenesis assay, can be explained in terms of the influence of metabolic co-operation on mutant recovery. TPA is known to eliminate metabolic co operation, an artefact of the in situ mutagenesis assay system, thus contributing to the enhancement of mutant recovery in TPA treated cultures. This investigation aims to demonstrate that TPA has no influence on mutagenesis per se, positive or negative enhancement of forward mutagenesis being solely a reflection of the mutagenesis assay employed. PMID- 7273288 TI - Hybrid clones of rat liver and hamster ovary cells as targets for carcinogen screening. AB - Many short-term carcinogen-screening assays use transformed cells which require exogenous metabolizing systems to activate carcinogens. We have sought untransformed target cell-lines with a high mitotic index and the intrinsic ability to metabolize carcinogens. Hybrid cell clones were established by fusing an untransformed rat liver cell-line (with a normal diploid karyotype, epithelial morphology and carcinogen-metabolizing capacity) and a Chinese hamster ovary cell line (with a high mitotic index, ability to grow in soft agar, a characteristic of transformed cells, and which cannot metabolize most carcinogens). A number of such clones were characterized with respect to their morphology, karyology, growth properties and the ability to metabolize 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Selected hybrid clones were found to respond to several types of carcinogen, using the induction of sister chromatid exchange as the criterion. A significant increase in the induction was observed in cloned hybrid cell-lines compared with the hamster ovary cell line. Moreover, the same hybrid clones can be used repeatedly without an exogeneous activating system, which makes this test system very practical. PMID- 7273289 TI - Pretreatment of Chinese hamster v79 cells with MNU increases survival without affecting DNA repair or mutagenicity. AB - Exposure of Chinese hamster V79 cells to a non-toxic dose of N-methyl-N nitrosourea, followed at intervals by exposure to toxic challenging doses of the same agent, resulted in increased survival of colony forming ability when these cells were compared with matched control cells that only received the challenging dose. The extent of the increase was dependent on the time interval between exposures, and rose to a maximum of about two-fold 5 days after the initial dose, declining slowly to control values on subsequent days. Whilst pretreatment enhanced survival, it altered neither the frequency of mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance, nor the formation or loss of 3-methyladenine, 7-methylguanine and O6 methylguanine. Modification of the conditions by which the initial dose was administered led to a reduction or abolition of the survival response. It is suggested that enhanced survival may result from alteration in the ability to recover from cellular damage rather than by improved DNA repair. PMID- 7273290 TI - DNA polymerases in replication and repair of DNA during carcinogenesis induced by feeding N-acetylaminofluorene. AB - To study the roles of DNA polymerases alpha and beta during replication and repair of damaged DNA, use was made of the fact that during chronic treatment with carcinogens, replication and repair do not necessarily follow the same time sequence. Early cell damage and restorative hyperplasia cause a transient wave of DNA synthesis, while repair replication might be expected to continue throughout the period of treatment with the carcinogen. N-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) was fed in the diet for periods of up to 35 weeks, and at intervals during the feeding period measurements were made of DNA synthesis in vivo, and of DNA polymerases alpha and beta as assayed in vitro after fractionation. The activity of polymerase alpha increased and decreased with the transient early wave of DNA synthesis. Polymerase beta showed an initial rapid increase in activity which peaked before the increase in DNA synthesis, and then decreased. The decrease in activity may be due to the fact that, although AAF continues to be fed in the diet, the foci and nodules which develop no longer metabolise the carcinogen to a form which damages DNA. Thus replication occurs in the nodules while DNA damage and repair occur in the surrounding non-neoplastic liver. With the rapid growth of nodules there is overall an increase in neoplastic tissue, a relative decrease in nonneoplastic tissue, and thus a relative decrease in DNA damage, repair, and induction of polymerase beta. Histological examination showed that by 35 weeks the conversion to neoplasia was virtually complete. These results support the concept that polymerase alpha functions in de novo replication of DNA, and is induced during cell replication, while polymerase beta functions in repair replication, and increases in activity during chronic damage to DNA. Whether it is induced by treatment with carcinogens depends on the duration of treatment, and on other processes (e.g. metabolism of the carcinogen) which take place during the development of malignancy. PMID- 7273291 TI - Effects of 17 beta-estradiol on radiation transformation in vitro; inhibition of effects by protease inhibitors. AB - We have investigated the effects of 17 beta-estradiol, given both alone and with X-irradiation, on the induction of malignant transformation in vitro. Treatment with 10(-6)M 17 beta-estradiol for 6 weeks, or 10(-5)M 17 beta-estradiol for only 5 days, induced malignant transformation in C3H 10T1/2 cells. Estradiol also acted as a cocarcinogen for X-ray induced transformation; the results indicate an additive effect when the cells were exposed to both agents together. The protease inhibitors antipain and leupeptin suppressed estradiol induced transformation as well as the additive effect observed for estradiol-radiation transformation. PMID- 7273292 TI - Autoradiography of "oval cells" appearing rapidly in the livers of rats fed N-2 fluorenylacetamide in a choline devoid diet. AB - Autoradiographic analysis of liver sections from rats fed the hepatocarcinogen N 2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA) in a choline devoid (CD) diet suggests that proliferating small "oval" cells arise from a few small portally-situated cells, and spread rapidly across the entire liver lobule. Small cells with detectable grains are first located where liver plates meet the portal areas. This cell type gradually increases in number over a 10-12 day period, then proliferates rapidly. After 28 days, microscopic nodules consisting of heavily labeled large eosinophilic cells appear, whereas residual hepatocytes are not labeled. Combined immunofluorescent and autoradiographic labeling studies reveal that many of the small cells contain AFP; approximately half of the alpha-fetoprotein-containing cells are labeled with [3H]thymidine (dT). Feeding CD-FAA diets to rats with hepatocytes prelabeled with [3H]dT after 70% hepatectomy 7 weeks earlier provides data which suggest that small "oval" cells do not arise from prelabeled hepatocytes but, instead, infiltrate the prelabeled hepatocytes during the diet induced proliferative phase. We conclude that "oval" cells arise from a small number of portal cells, not from hepatocytes. Exact identification of the oval cell precursor is not possible, but it could be a "stem" cell. Although hepatocyte-like properties are found in small cells (e.g., albumin staining), there is no evidence that they differentiate into normally functioning hepatocytes. PMID- 7273293 TI - Comparative carcinogenicity of alkylating agents: comparisons of a series of alkyl and aralkyl bromides of differing chemical reactivities as inducers of sarcoma at the site of a single injection in the rat. AB - A series of alkylating and aralkylating bromides was used in a comparative study of chemical reactivity (using 4-(p-nitrobenzyl) pyridine as standard nucleophile), and carcinogenic activity (using single injections by the subcutaneous route in 6-week old female CB-hooded rats). Benzyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and trityl bromides were inactive as carcinogens at doses up to 0.83, 12.5, 8.3 and 0.25 mmol/kg, respectively. 7-Bromomethylbenz[a]anthracene and 7 bromomethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene gave high yields of sarcomas at the injection site (in the right flank); at the highest doses used, 35% yield of tumors was obtained using 0.25 mmol/kg 7-bromomethylbenz[a]anthracene, and 75% yield with 0.056 mmol/kg of the 12-methyl homologue. The order of chemical reactivity was trityl greater than 7-bromomethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracenyl greater than 7-bromomethyl-benz[a]anthracenyl greater than benzyl greater than ethyl greater than isopropyl. The relationship suggested between carcinogenicity and reactivity is that the highest reactivity permitted little in vivo penetration to essential cellular receptor sites because of immediate solvolysis, whereas the lower reactivities did not ensure sufficient alkylation of such receptors. The bromomethylbenz[a]anthracenes (of intermediate chemical reactivity) are known to react with DNA in vivo, but so far no differences in reactivity between them can account for their quantitatively different carcinogenic potencies. PMID- 7273294 TI - Intrahepatic polyamine levels during rat liver carcinogenesis induced by N-2 fluorenylacetamide. AB - During a period of 200 days, the chronological changes of polyamine levels (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) were observed in the liver of adult female Sprague Dawley rats submitted to hepatocarcinogenesis by N-2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA). Three groups of 70 rats each were used: (1) Control 1: normal diet; (2) Control 2: low protein and low riboflavin diet; and (3) EXPERIMENTAL: 0.06% FAA added to the diet. No significant differences were noted for tissue levels of the three polyamines when the two control groups were compared. In contrast, considerable variations of these molecules were observed as a function of time in the FAA treated group: (a) an early and constant rise was seen in putrescine, with 3 maxima at days 10, 60 and 150. This last peak was the highest: 25 +/- 6 nmol/g (8 times the value for the controls at this time), and coincided with the appearance of cancerous lesions. (b) While spermidine levels varied during the experiment, no significant differences were noted in comparison with the control groups. Mean levels (nmol/g) were: 535 +/- 108 Control 1; 552 +/- 95 Control 2; 633 +/- 160 FAA-treated group. (c) Spermine levels were significantly lowered, with 3 minima corresponding to the putrescine maxima. The lowest minima was observed on day 60: 114 +/- 67 nmol/g, i.e., 4 times lower than the controls. This work shows that polyamine metabolism is profoundly modified during chemical carcinogenesis, but the possible effect of polyamines on tumorigenesis itself cannot be assessed at this point since modifications of polyamine levels are probably also associated with phenomena of liver necrosis and compensatory tissue proliferation observed during the experiment. PMID- 7273295 TI - 5-Methoxypsoralen, the melanogenic additive in sun-tan preparations, is tumorigenic in mice exposed to 365 nm u.v. radiation. AB - 5-Methoxypsoralen (5 MOP), the melanogenic component present in several suntan preparations was synthesized and tested by topical applications in inbred XVII nc/Z albino mice combined with 365 nm irradiation with the aim of establishing the relative carcinogenic activity of this compound, as compared to 8 methoxypsoralen (8 MOP) and psoralen. 85% of the animals developed tumors and 25% had multiple tumors. Additional treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate raised the tumor incidence to 100%. Tumors caused by 5 MOP show much longer latent periods than those induced by psoralen and 8 MOP. Most of the tumors were rapidly growing squamous cell carcinomas giving metastases in 20% of the animals. The possible long-term effects that might follow the use of 5 MOP in humans are discussed. PMID- 7273296 TI - Age-specific incidence of hereditary melanomas in the Xiphophorus fish hybrids. AB - The age-distribution in the late-onset form of melanomas in the Xiphophorus fish hybrids was determined. The domesticated stock of the platyfish carrying the macromelanophore gene, Sp, was hybridized with the green swordtail or albino swordtail to produce F1 hybrids. The hybrid fish developed pigmentary abnormalities, melanosis, at early ages. These fish matured sexually at about 6 to 8 months of age, although many of them were sterile. The senescence pattern of the hybrid fish was estimated on the basis of survival curves. In the hybrids between the platyfish and the green swordtails, the 90%, 50%, and 10% survival points were 12, 16, and 19 months, respectively. The cumulative percentage of the fish developing melanomas increased sharply in proportion to the third power of the age from 5 to 19 months. The cumulative percentage at 19 months of age was 22.2%. A similar age-dependence of melanomas was also found in the hybrids between the platyfish and the albino swordtail, although melanomas in this population occurred at an earlier age with higher cumulative percentages. The cumulative percentage of this population was 53.6% at 20 months of age. PMID- 7273297 TI - Microsomal metabolites of the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and tumour inhibitor 7,8-benzoflavone. PMID- 7273298 TI - Short-term induction of neoplastic nodules in the rat liver. II. Study of their development and the effects of withdrawal of 2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - Neoplastic liver nodules were induced by a single administration of N nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and selectively stimulated to growth by 2 acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and partial hepatectomy to provide morphological data on very early and late stages of preneoplastic development. Presumptive preneoplastic liver cells were recognizable by light and electron microscopy by 2 days after partial hepatectomy, and they developed within 2 weeks into large, solid nodules consisting of plates of 2 or 3 cell layers thick, that compressed the surrounding non-nodular tissue. The cells showed nuclei with an enlarged nucleolus, tortuously dispersed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and an electron lucent cytoplasm. These features remained present throughout the first 2 weeks of growth. During this period the initially small, distinct smooth endoplasmic reticulum areas proliferated gradually. They were associated with an increasing incidence of cytoplasmic membranes whorl formation and incidentally with annulate lamellae. After withdrawal of 2-AAF the majority of the nodules regressed resulting in slowly disappearing foci of glycogen rich cells. A relatively small number of solid nodules persisted. They were characterized by large cells with a homogeneous eosinophilic cytoplasm, enlarged cells with a homogeneous eosinophilic cytoplasm, enlarged nucleoli and dispersed RER. Because these characteristics were absent in nodular cells that had reverted to normal liver cells, it is not appropriate to consider these characteristics to represent neoplastic transformation per se. PMID- 7273299 TI - Lung cancer risks of smoking in Britain and the Antipodes. PMID- 7273300 TI - The reaction of beta-propiolactone with derivatives of adenine and with DNA. AB - The reaction of deoxyadenosine with beta-propiolactone produces two derivatives. One is 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (CEdA) first described by Mate, et al. The proposed structure for the other is 3-(beta-D-2-deoxyribosyl)-7,8 dihydropyrimido-[2,l-i]purine-9-one (dDPP). Spectral characteristics of both compounds are presented. These include u.v. spectra of each in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions, i.r. spectra, fluorescence spectra, and n.m.r. spectra. The extinction coefficient for CEdA is 12,900 M--1cm--1 at 258 nm and that for dDPP is 12,400 M--1cm--1 at 305 nm. The dDPP can be converted to CEdA by mild acid hydrolysis, and the CEdA can be converted to dDPP by reaction with a carbodiimide derivative. When poly A was reacted with beta-propiolactone, the yield of dDPP in the polymer was 7-9%. When double-stranded DNA was alkylated by [3H]beta-propiolactone at relatively high concentrations and then acid hydrolyzed to separate 1-(2-carboxyethyl)adenine (CEA) and 7-(2-carboxyethyl)guanine (CEG), a CEA to CEG ratio of up to 0.62 was obtained. With relatively low concentrations of [3H]beta-propiolactone, the yield of CEA was low with double-stranded DNA but was 5--6 fold greater with single-stranded DNA. PMID- 7273303 TI - Microsome-dependent methylation of erythrocyte proteins by dimethylnitrosamine. AB - The precarcinogen, N-[methyl-14C]dimethylnitrosamine, rat liver microsomes and NADPH were incubated in the presence of intact human erythrocytes. Uptake of radioactivity into erythrocytes was time-dependent and analysis of an acid hydrolysate of the erythrocyte proteins showed several radioactive peaks which were identified as 3-N-methyl- and 1-N-methyl-histidine, S-methyl-cysteine. Since no binding occurs in the absence of microsomes, the alkylating species from dimethylnitrosamine metabolism can clearly penetrate the erythrocyte plasma membrane. PMID- 7273301 TI - Enhancement of cell proliferation in low calcium medium by tumor promoters. AB - The effects of extracellular Ca2+ and phorbol ester tumor promoters on the proliferative capacity of normal and adenovirus-transformed rat embryo (RE) cells has been evaluated. Several early passage normal RE cultures grew 2--6 fold better during a 5 day period in standard Ca2+ (1.25 mM) medium than in low Ca2+ (0.01 mM) medium. The addition of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) enhanced growth 2--3 fold in the low Ca2+ medium but produced less than a 1.25 fold enhancement in standard medium. An early passage clone (A18-E) of RE cells transformed by the H5ts125 mutant of adenovirus type 5 grew 3.5 fold better in 1.25 mM than in 0.01 mM Ca2+ medium. With a late passage of the same clone (A18 L) this difference in Ca2+ requirement disappeared. In contrast, both an early passage clone (E11-E) and a late passage clone (E11-L) of carcinogen-pretreated and adenovirus-transformed RE cells grew equally well in low and standard Ca2+ media. TPA caused about a 2 fold enhancement of the growth of all of these adenovirus-transformed clones in low Ca2+ medium, but produced less than a 1.25 fold stimulation in standard medium. A series of diterpene esters with tumor promoting activity, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and melittin also markedly stimulated growth in low Ca2+ medium, whereas phorbol compounds lacking tumor promoting activity did not. Studies on 45Ca uptake indicated that TPA induced a rapid but transient increase in cell associated Ca2+. Thus, adenovirus transformation and in vitro progression decrease the Ca2+ requirement for growth of viral transformed RE cells. Both TPA and EGF can partially overcome the growth restriction of low Ca2+ medium, perhaps by enhancing Ca2+ uptake. PMID- 7273302 TI - Long-term feeding study in C17 mice administered saccharin coated betel nut and 1,4-dinitrosopiperazine in combination. AB - The observations on the effect of 3 agents--1,4-dinitrosopiperazine, betel nut and saccharin fed to C17 mice in combination is presented in this report. A total of 119 inbred mice of both sexes were put on long-term feeding trials. Group I consisted of 34 mice given a standard diet; group II of 32 mice fed an experimental diet containing saccharin coated betel nut powder at 10% concentration; group III of 29 mice given 0.2 ml aqueous solution of 0.1% 1,4 dinitrosopiperazine by intubation daily and group IV of 24 mice fed a combination of the experimental diet together with intubation of 1,4-dinitrosopiperazine. Feeding was continued for 40 weeks at which time all mice were given a standard diet and water ad libitum, and then observed for their full life-span. The commonest neoplasm found was squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach in groups III and IV. Male mice were more susceptible to the treatment than female mice. In female mice reticular cell neoplasm--Type A of the uterus was the commonest tumour and was more common in group III than in group IV. The diet of saccharin coated betel nut failed to potentiate the carcinogenicity of 1,4 dinitrosopiperazine. PMID- 7273304 TI - The cellular DNA content and profile of dimethyl nitrosamine induced marine lung tumors in relation to their histopathology. AB - A total of 61 lung tumors induced in NMRI mice by the carcinogen dimethyl nitrosamine were classified as solid adenomas or papillary tumors. Single cell suspensions from each of these tumors were analyzed by flow cytometry according to DNA content. The adenomas contained stemlines having a diploid DNA content, a finding which is in accordance with the benign nature of these tumors. In the papillary tumors heteroploid stemlines were often found in addition to diploid cells, this seems to be a sign of their malignant properties. The significance of the heteroploidy and the clustering of stemlines at the near diploid and the tetraploid levels in these tumors is discussed. PMID- 7273305 TI - MNNG-pretreatment of a human kidney carcinoma cell strain decreases its ability to repair MNNG-treated adenovirus 5. AB - When treated with 4-32 micro M N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), monolayers of the A498 human kidney carcinoma cell strain were less able to support plaquing by MNNG-treated adenovirus 5 than were control monolayers that received no MNNG. However, non-treated and MNNG-treated monolayers were equally able to support plaquing by adenovirus that was not treated with MNNG. Both N ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroguanidine and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (but neither u.v. nor methyl methanesulfonate) treatment of A498 monolayers caused the depressed survival of MNNG-treated adenoviruses, also indicating specificity of phenomenon. When cells infected by MNNG-treated adenovirus were treated with MNNG for 1 h as a function of post-infection time, the MNNG-depressed viral survival, observed early after infection, decreased, and was unobservable 12 h post-infection, suggesting that repair of MNNG-damaged viruses had occurred over that time period. PMID- 7273306 TI - Differences in sister chromatid exchange (SCE)-induction in vivo by cyclophosphamide in murine strains. AB - The susceptibility of sister chromatid exchange (SCE)-induction in bone marrow cells by cyclophosphamide (CPA) was tested in DBA/2, AKR, C57BL/6J, C3Hf and BALB/c mice in vivo. Mice were treated with one i.p. injection of 0.4, 2.0 and 10.0 mg/kg body weight of CPA or of saline. The base-line level of SCE was similar in all the strains with about 3 SCE/cell. Increasing concentrations of CPA caused an increased level of SCE. At any dose level, differences in the SCE frequency were observed among the five strains. The greatest difference was seen at the dose of 10 mg/kg, when the DBA/2 strain reached the frequency of 25.5 SCE/cell, whereas 19.3, 12.9, 11.4 and 10.1 SCE/cell were seen respectively in AKR, C57BL/6J, C3Hf and BALB/c mice. PMID- 7273307 TI - Tumor promoter inhibition of intercellular communication between cultured mammalian cells. AB - Cocultures were established of a cell line deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (PG-19; HPRT-) and a mouse epidermal cell line (HEL-37; HPRT+). The cocultures were incubated in a medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine (HAT). HPRT- cells die in HAT medium unless rescued by metabolic cooperation with HPRT+ cells. The extent of cell death was measured by the release of radioactivity from PG-19 cells previously labelled with [3H]thymidine, and expressed as the lytic index. The lytic index was significantly increased (decreased metabolic cooperation) by tumor-promoting phorbol esters but not by non-promoting esters. The enhanced lytic index was obtained when promoters were incubated with cocultures for 10 h in a total incubation time of 48 h. PMID- 7273308 TI - The in vitro induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes by styrene derivatives. AB - Three structural analogues of styrene, vinyltoluene (40% para-, 60% meta isomers), 4-methoxy-trans-beta-chlorostyrene and trans-beta-nitrostyrene, were tested for their potential to induce chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanged (SCE) in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes cultured for 48 h (aberration analysis) or 72 h (SCE analysis). The treatments were carried out 24 h (aberrations) or 48 h (SCEs) before harvest. The toxicity of vinyltoluene to cultured lymphocytes was similar to that of styrene while 4 methoxy-beta-chlorostyrene was about 10 times and beta nitrostyrene about 100 times more toxic than styrene. A dose-dependent increase of SCEs and chromosome aberrations was observed in cells treated with vinyltoluene (0.33-4.00 mM) or with 4-methoxy-beta-chlorostyrene (0.5-1.00 mM). No effect could be seen in cultures treated with beta-nitrostyrene (0.004-0.044 mM). The results suggest that, like styrene, vinyltoluene and 4-methoxy-beta-chlorostyrene also are converted in vitro in reactive metabolites, presumably epoxides. PMID- 7273309 TI - Inhibition of metabolic cooperation between mammalian cells in culture by tumor promoters. AB - The influence of phorbol-related tumour promoters and non-promoters on metabolic cooperation between wild-type and mutant Chinese hamster cells has been studied. The recovery, in medium containing 8-azaguanine, of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase-deficient (HPRT-) V79 cells co-cultured with an excess (2 x 10(6) per 9 cm petri-dish) of wild-type cells was determined in the presence and absence of each compound. Under the latter conditions (solvent treatment only) metabolic cooperation consistently reduced the cloning efficiency of HPRT- cells to approximately 10% of that in cultures without wild-type cells. However, 12-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the most potent known tumour promoter, almost totally reversed the effect of wild-type cells on mutant recovery when included in the medium at concentrations as low as 1 nM. TPA also markedly enhanced the expression, in crowded cultures, of HPRT- mutants induced by the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. This property was not shared by other phorbol esters which are inactive as tumour promoters, or by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but was exhibited to a lesser degree by mezerein, a diterpene ester of significant but weaker promoting activity than TPA. Confirmation that the effect of TPA on mutant expression is the result of inhibition of metabolic cooperation was obtained in experiments using autoradiography, which showed that low doses are able to block the transfer of [3H]-uridine nucleotides from prelabelled V79 cells to unlabelled V79 cells in contact. These findings have prompted us to formulate a working hypothesis for the mode of action of TPA in vivo as a tumour promoter based on its interference with this type of intercellular communication. PMID- 7273310 TI - Influence of total dose and dose schedule on induction of urinary bladder cancer in the mouse by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. AB - Dose-response relationships in the induction of urinary bladder cancer in male C57BL/6 x DBA/2-F1 (BDF) mice by intragastric instillation of N-butyl-N-(4 hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (OH-BBN) were studied. Administration of a total dose of 0 to 80 mg OH-BBN in 10 weekly fractions to groups of 25 mice resulted in a linear increase in carcinoma incidence with dose. OH-BBN administration schedule had a significant effect on cancer incidence: administration of a total dose of 30, 20, or 15 mg OH-BBN in 20 weekly fractions was more effective in cancer induction than was the same total dose given in 5 fractions. A 10 dose administration schedule was of intermediate efficacy. The data obtained indicate that OH-BBN induces urinary bladder cancers in BDF mice in a dose-related manner, with high target organ-specificity, little toxicity, and short tumor latency; induced tumors are primarily transitional cell carcinomas which morphologically resemble their human counterpart. Administration of OH-BBN mice provides a useful model for the experimental study of urinary bladder cancer. PMID- 7273312 TI - Evaluation of DNA damage by alkaline elution technique after in vivo treatment with aromatic amines. AB - The time course of DNA damage induced by in vivo administration of benzidine, 1- and 2-naphthylamine or dimethylnaphthylamine has been evaluated using an alkaline elution technique. The organs damaged by the active ultimate metabolites, produced in mice treated with aromatic amines, appear to be, in decreasing order of susceptibility, liver, kidney and lung. Single-stranded DNA breaks are still evident 12 h after a single administered dose of the compounds. A direct dose response relationship has been obtained using increasing concentrations of aromatic amines. PMID- 7273313 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of double-stranded DNA containing radioactively labeled O(6) ethylguanine as the only modified base. AB - This paper describes the enzyme-catalyzed in vitro synthesis of double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) containing [3H]-labeled O(6)-ethylguanine (O(6)-EtGua), an alkylation product strongly implicated in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis by ethylating N-nitroso carcinogens. Single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA) containing O(6)ethyl-[8-3H]-2'-deoxyguanosine was synthesized using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. The parameters determining yield of reaction, base ratios, and DNA chain length, were investigated. The O(6)-EtGua-containing ss-DNA could be replicated by DNA polymerase I, as indicated by the incorporation of [8,5'-3H]-2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate and by the resistance of the replication product to nuclease S1 digestion. ds-DNA's with chain lengths between approximately 200 and 1000 base-pairs and O(6)-EtGua/guanine molar ratios of approximately 10(-2)--10(-3) were synthesized. Their use in the analysis of enzymatic mechanisms involved in the elimination of O(6)-alkylguanine from the DNA of mammalian cells is discussed. The procedure of synthesis described for (O(6)-EtGua)-containing ds-DNA may also be applicable for the production of ds DNA containing structurally modified bases other than O(6)-EtGua. PMID- 7273311 TI - Elastatinal and leupeptin: effects on u.v.-induced mutation and sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells. AB - Microbial protease inhibitors elastatinal and leupeptin were tested for cytotoxicity and for effects on spontaneous and u.v.-induced 6-thioguanine resistant (6TGr) mutation and sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) in V79 Chinese hamster cells. Continuous treatment with elastatinal exhibited marked cytotoxicity, while leupeptin was almost non-cytotoxic. Elastatinal rapidly induced cytotoxic effects as a function of its concentration and time of exposure. Near maximum cytotoxicity was reached after exposure of 6-8 h and this was partially abolished by the presence of 2.5 micrograms cycloheximide per ml. Concentrations of either protease inhibitor which gave 60-80% survival had no appreciable effects on u.v. survival and frequencies of spontaneous and u.v. induced 6TGr mutation and SCE. However, reconstruction experiments revealed that pretreatments of 6TGr and 6TGs (wild-type) cells with these inhibitors for 6 days tended to block metabolic co-operation in their co-cultures. Thus, elastatinal and leupeptin are neither clastogenic mutagenic by themselves, and do not alter mutation fixation and expression. PMID- 7273314 TI - Effect of pretreatment by feeding acetylaminofluorene on methylated purines formed in rat liver DNA after administration of dimethylnitrosamine. AB - Methylated purines were determined in the liver and kidney DNA of rats that had been pretreated for several weeks by inclusion of 2-acetylaminofluorene in the diet and then given single injections of N,N-dimethylnitrosamine. In comparison ith relevant controls the capacity to remove O(6)-methylguanine from the livers of the pretreated animals was enhanced but there was no evidence for a similar effect in kidney. No market effects of this pretreatment were observed for the removal of 3-methyladenine or 7-methylguanine. The data indicate that an inducing agent may affect the capacity of an animal to repair DNA which is subsequently damaged by another agent of chemically different identity. The mechanisms involved are not clear but potentially these observations have wide implications when organisms are exposed to a variety of chemicals. PMID- 7273315 TI - The epidemiology of bladder cancer in West Yorkshire. A preliminary report on non occupational aetiologies. PMID- 7273316 TI - The in vitro methylation of DNA by microsomally-activated dimethylnitrosamine and its correlation with formaldehyde production. AB - Utilizing the microsomal fraction isolated from hamster liver we have identified and quantitated some of the alkylation lesions introduced into exogenous DNA as a consequence of the microsomally-mediated decomposition of 14C-labeled dimethylnitrosamine and have established correlations between this DNA alkylation and formaldehyde formation. The yield of radiolabeled formaldehyde was assessed by the formaldemethone-precipitation method and the yields of the major methylated purines present in a mild acid hydrolysate of modified DNA determined using cation exchange high pressure liquid chromatography techniques. We found 7 methylguanine, 3-methyladenine and O(6)-methylguanine in our DNA hydrolysates in the same relative proportions as observed in DNA isolated from similar incubation mixtures containing methylnitrosourea as the methylating compound. The rate of DNA methylation was observed to correlate well with the rate of formaldehyde formation and, even thought the absolute formaldehyde and DNA methylation yields varied in experiments done on different days, the relative yields were found to be consistent. Both processes were NADPH dependent, both were inhibited by carbon monoxide, and both were equally sensitive to chemical agents which appear to interfere with dimethylnitrosamine metabolism in vivo. PMID- 7273318 TI - Carcinogen-induced anchorage-independent growth and in vivo lethality of human MRC-5 cells. AB - Chemical carcinogens or u.v. irradiation induce in vitro anchorage-independent growth and in vivo lethal multicellular infiltrative growth of human MRC-5 cells. A single carcinogen treatment 8 h after release of MRC-5 cells from metabolic block induced by a deficiency of arginine and glutamine in the medium is followed within 4--5 weeks by formation of colonies of greater than 50 cells in 0.35% semi solid agar medium. Anchorage-independent MRC-5 cells, moreover, when injected intracranially into immunologically deficient homozygous nude mice, 6--7 weeks post-carcinogen exposure, produce progressive neurological dysfunction 5--6 weeks later accompanied by lethal multifocal multicellular infiltrating lesions. The present investigation demonstrates for the first time, carcinogen-induced anchorage-independent growth and in vivo lethality of a well characterized human diploid fibroblast cell strain and indicates the potential value of MRC-5 cell transformation as a new model for the study of carcinogenesis in human cells. PMID- 7273317 TI - A rapid and simple synthesis of reactive metabolites of carcinogenic aromatic amines in high yield. PMID- 7273319 TI - Effects of ethylating agents on DNA synthesis in vitro: implications for the mechanism of carcinogenesis. AB - A highly carcinogenic ethylating agent, ethylnitrosourea (ENU), and a weakly carcinogenic one, diethylsulfate (DES) react with DNA to roughly the same extent but DES produces about 6 times as many unstable ethylated bases, which are gradually lost spontaneously under physiological conditions. The different rates of loss for the different DNA bases have been studied using polydeoxyribonucleotides. Spontaneous strand breakage following base loss is slow, lagging more than a week behind base loss at 37 degrees C; ultimately, DES results in much more spontaneous strand breakage than ENU. In DNA synthesis in vitro, using avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) polymerase, no nucleotides are incorporated opposite missing bases in the template; when the template contains ethylated bases that are impaired in their ability to form specific hydrogen bonds, purine-pyrimidine mispairing can occur and mismatched nucleotides are incorporated into the daughter strand. ENU ethylates somewhat more sites leading to mispairing potential than DES. ENU also produces approximately 7.5 times more ethyl phosphotriesters than DES. PMID- 7273320 TI - A comparative electron microscope study of early changes in rat liver induced by N-nitrosopiperidine and 2,2',6,6'-tetramethyl-N-nitrosopiperidine. AB - Inbred male Leeds rats were administered either the liver carcinogen N nitrosopiperidine or the non-carcinogen 2,2',6,6'-tetramethyl-N-nitrosopiperidine in their drinking water at a concentration of 0.02%. Treatment was continued until the animals were killed, at 12 or 28 days, when their hepatic tissues were removed and examined by electron microscopy. Both compounds induced glycogen depletion, cytoplasmic fat accumulation and proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic (ER). In addition, NPIP induced mitochondrial and bile canalicular changes and marked reduction and alteration of the rough ER. The probable relationships of the observed fine structural changes to the metabolism, toxicity and carcinogenicity of these heterocyclic N-nitrosamines are discussed. PMID- 7273321 TI - Mode of action of methylating carcinogens: comparative studies of murine and human cells. AB - Murine and human cells (mainly lymphocytes) were ethylated in vitro with either N [14C]methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) or di[14C]methyl sulphate (DMS) and the extents of methylation of DNA at O-6 and N-7 of guanine and N-3 of adenine were determined. The cytotoxic action of MNU was also compared with that of DMS, as assessed by their effects on cell division following stimulation of these lymphocytes in culture by concanavalin A (Con A). The overall extent of methylation of the DNA of human cells was about 70% of that of murine cells after exposure to MNU and DMS. Mouse cells, responding to Con A in culture, were found to be much more sensitive to both agents than could be accounted for by these differences in overall extent of methylation of the DNA. Significant differences were found between cells in their ability to rapidly remove O6-methylguanine from DNA. Normal human lymphocytes were always proficient, but some human lymphoid lines were deficient in this respect, while all the murine cells tested were deficient, as found in vivo for mouse lymphoid tissues. No correlation has yet been found between the susceptibility of various mouse strains to the carcinogenic action of MNU and their ability to remove methylated bases from DNA. The cytotoxicity studies, showing that normal human lymphocytes were relatively more resistant than murine cells to methylation by both MNU and DMS, suggested that the ability to remove O6-methylguanine (which is produced in a very low proportion by DMS) was not of prime importance in conferring resistance in this type of assay. PMID- 7273322 TI - Role of sulfation in the formation of DNA adducts from N-hydroxy-2 acetylaminofluorene in rat liver in vivo. Inhibition of N-acetylated aminofluorene adduct formation by pentachlorophenol. AB - N-Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAf) is metabolically converted into reactive N,O-esters which are capable of forming covalent adducts with DNA in rat liver in vivo. The effect of inhibiting one of the proposed pathways, N-O sulfation, on DNA adduct formation was studied by using a specific sulfotransferase inhibitor, pentachlorophenol. Rats were pretreated with pentachlorophenol and, after 45 min, N-OH-AAF was administered. Four hours after dosing the animals were sacrificed and hepatic DNA was isolated. In DNA from control livers two acetylaminofluorene-and one aminofluorene-substituted deoxyguanosine adducts were found. The acetylaminofluorene derivatives, N (deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2--acetylaminofluorene and 3-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl) 2acetylaminofluorene, accounted for 40% of the total binding in the hydrolyzed DNA. The aminofluorene adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene, accounted for the remainder. In rats that were pretreated with pentacholorphenol, total DNA binding was decreased by 26%. The same three adducts were found, but the acetylaminofluorene adducts were now only 13% of the total, while the aminofluorene adduct accounted for 87%. The absolute amount of aminofluorene adduct was not altered as compared to control rats. These data demonstrate the involvement of N-O-sulfation in carcinogen-DNA binding and indicate that at least 70% of the acetylaminofluorene bound to deoxyguanosine in rat liver DNA, in vivo, is formed through N-O-sulfation of N-OH-AAF. PMID- 7273323 TI - Effect of pretreatment of rats with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on the repair of O(6) methylguanine in liver DNA. AB - The capacity of rat liver to repair O6-methylguanine was determined by measuring the amounts of this base present in DNA after administration of N-[14C]methyl-N nitrosourea (MNU). Chronic pretreatment of animals with unlabelled MNU either once weekly for 5 weeks or daily on weekdays for 14 days had either no marked effect or inhibited (or overloaded) repair activity, respectively. Pretreatment of rats with single doses of MNU initially decreased O6-methylguanine repair but this effect was lost as the pretreatment interval increased and by 40 h, activity had returned to control values. Administration of methylmethanesulphonate for 14 days had no effect on the removal of O6-methylguanine produced in liver DNA by [14C]MNU. None of the pretreatment schedules inhibited the removal of 3 methyladenine from liver DNA. These effects are contrasted with those produced by pretreatment of rats with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine which enhanced the capacity of the liver to remove O6-methylguanine produced by single dose of [14C]DMN. PMID- 7273324 TI - The effects of cholic acid and bile salt binding agents on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis in the rat. AB - The theory that bile salts may be colon tumour promoters was tested in the dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rat colon cancer model. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly allocated to one of five experimental group (n = 10), all fed the same standard diet. One group served as saline-injected controls, while the other four groups received DMH (20 mg/kg body weight/rat/week s.c.) for 20 weeks. In addition, each of the DMH-injected groups concurrently received 20 weekly i.g. instillations of one of the following: cholic acid (a bile acid); cholestyramine or aluminium hydroxide (both bile acid binding agents), or water. After a years observation period, all the controls were alive and tumour-free, while all the DMH-injected rats had died of histologically proven colon cancer. Irrespective of the type of gastric instillate, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of time to tumour presentation, survival, in the necropsy incidence of primary or metastatic colon cancer, or in the numbers of colon tumours per group. The data suggest that bile salts and bile salt binding agents are not colon tumour promoters in the rat. The bile salt theory of colon carcinogenesis may need reappraisal. PMID- 7273325 TI - The molecular structure of (+/-)-8 alpha, 9 beta, 10 beta, 11 alpha-tetrahydroxy 8, 9, 10, 11--tetrahydrobenz[a]anthracene; an X-ray crystallographic analysis. PMID- 7273327 TI - How important are somatic mutations and immune control in skin cancer? Reflections on xeroderma pigmentosum. PMID- 7273326 TI - Formation of urothelial and hepatic DNA adducts from carcinogen 2-naphthylamine. AB - The carcinogen, 2-naphthylamine (2-NA), induces tumor formation in the urinary bladder but not the liver of several species, including humans and dogs. Since its proximate carcinogenic metabolite, N-hydroxy-2-NA, was known to react directly with DNA in vitro to give specific carcinogen-base adducts, we investigated the in vivo formation and persistence of (2-NA)-DNA adducts in the bladder and liver and attempted to determine whether or not these lesions correlated with tissue susceptibility. Male beagle dogs were administered [3H]2 NA and sacrificed after 2 or 7 days. The DNA was isolated from the liver and urothelium and hydrolyzed enzymatically. The (2-NA)-deoxyribonucleoside adducts, which were quantitated by high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis, were the same as those found in vitro, namely 1-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-2-NA, 1 (deoxyadenosin-N6-yl)-2-NA, and an imidazole ring-opened derivative of N (deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-NA. The major difference detected between target and non target tissues was in the total level of binding to DNA, which was 4-fold higher in the urothelium at 2 days and 8-fold higher at 7 days after 2-NA dosing. Analysis of specific adducts suggested that this difference may be due to the relative persistence of the C-8-guanine adduct in the urothelium as compared to the liver. Similar experiments with the non-carcinogen, 1-naphthylamine, failed to reveal binding in urothelial DNA and indicated a 20-fold lower binding level in hepatic DNA. Evidence for binding of 2-NA to glycogen is also presented and problems associated with measuring total radioactivity in glycogen-contaminated DNA fractions are discussed. The data obtained in this study, through from a necessarily limited number of animals, are consistent with the hypothesis that the formation and persistence of DNA-carcinogen adducts may be important in the initiation of the neoplastic process. PMID- 7273328 TI - alpha-Naphthylisothiocyanate induced alterations in hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and liver morphology: implications concerning anticarcinogenesis. AB - Alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) is a biliary toxin with anticarcinogenic properties. The studies described were designed to investigate the effects of continuous ANIT feeding on liver function. Male F-344 rats were fed ANIT at 0.01%, 0.022%, 0.047%, and 0.1% of the diet for 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Microscopic evaluation of liver sections revealed time- and dose- dependent bile duct proliferation, bile duct cell hypertrophy, and focal hepatocytic necrosis. Liver derived serum enzyme activity and serum bilirubin concentrations were increased in a fashion which correlated closely with the histological observations. A dose dependent decrease in hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, ethoxycoumarin-O deethylase activity, and benzphetamine-N-demethylase activity was observed after 2 and 4 weeks of feeding ANIT. However, these enzyme activities returned to control values at 6 weeks in all except the 0.1% group. ANIT increased microsomal epoxide hydrolase and cytosolic DT-diaphorase activity (200-6005 of control). The enhancement was dose related and peaked at 2 and 4 weeks for epoxide hydrolase and DT-diaphorase, respectively. Both epoxide hydrolase and DT-diaphorase activity remained elevated at 6 weeks. These results suggest that ANIT mediated anticarcinogenesis, previously hypothesized to be the result of reduced mixed function oxidase activity, also may be accounted for by enhanced epoxide hydrolase and DT-diaphorase activity. PMID- 7273329 TI - Carcinogenesis in heterotopically-transplanted urinary bladder by N-methyl-N nitrosourea: a model for initiation and promotion. AB - The present investigation was conducted to establish a working model to evaluate the role of potential modifiers (promoters and inhibitors) of urinary bladder carcinogenesis. A single dose (0.25 mg) of the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) when instilled directly into heterotopically transplanted urinary bladder (HTB) induced a 9% (2 of 22) incidence of urinary bladder tumors by 30 weeks in the urine free HTB environment, whereas repeated instillation of urine into the HTB after MNU treatment resulted in a 61% (14 of 23) incidence of these tumors. Three doses of MNU (0.25 mg/dose once a week for 3 weeks) induced 33% (6 of 18) and 89% (16 of 18) incidence of tumors, respectively, in the absence and presence of urine in the HTB. These data confirm our previous observation that normal urine enhances urinary bladder carcinogenesis, and are consistent with the notion that normal urine exerts a tumor promoting effect. PMID- 7273330 TI - The relation between the structure of vicinal dihalogen compounds and their mutagenic activation via conjugation to glutathione. PMID- 7273331 TI - Tumor-initiating activity of the dihydrodiols of 8-methylbenz[a]anthracene and 8 hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene. AB - The tumor-initiating activity of the 3,4-dihydrodiols (diols) as well as other metabolites of 8-methylbenz[a]anthracene (8-MBA) and 8 hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene (8-OHMBA) were examined in the classical 2-stage initiation-promotion model on mouse skin. The 3,4-diol of 8-MBA caused 2.2 times as many papillomas/mouse as did 8-MBA. The 3,4-diol of 8-OHMBA was not more tumorigenic than either 8-MBA or 8-OHMBA. None of the other diols tested, including the 5,6- and 8,9-diol of 8-MBA and the 5,6 and 10,11-diol of 8-OHMBA were remarkably tumorigenic. These data indicate that the 3,4-diol of 8-MBA is a good candidate as a proximate carcinogen of 8-MBA and further suggest that the bay region 3,4-diol-1,2-epoxide is a likely ultimate carcinogen of this compound on mouse skin. PMID- 7273333 TI - Biological and chemical studies involving methyl-t-butylnitrosamine, a non carcinogenic nitrosamine. AB - Methyl-t-butylnitrosamine (MtBN) was tested for carcinogenicity by s.c. injection in the Syrian golden hamster. No tumors were observed at 160, 80 or 40 mg/kg/week, in accord with Druckrey's report that ethyl-t-butylnitrosamine (EtBN), the homolog of MtBN, was not carcinogenic in the rat. Acetoxymethyl-t butylnitrosamine, an activated form of MtBN, was also chronically tested by s.c. injection and found to be non-carcinogenic. It was demonstrated that 2 methylpropane diazotic acid, the proposed "ultimate" reactive metabolite of MtBN, afforded the carbenium ion product t-butyl alcohol in 63% yield. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that MtBN and EtBN are not carcinogenic because the proposed "ultimate" metabolite in their metabolic activation cannot interact with the critical cellular site due to steric reasons. PMID- 7273332 TI - Synthetic retinamides: effect on urinary bladder carcinogenesis by FANFT in Fischer rats. AB - The failure of N-ethylretinamide and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)retinamide to inhibit the incidence or severity of bladder carcinoma in female Fischer rats initiated with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide supports the concept that the inhibition of bladder carcinogenesis by natural and synthetic retinoids is carcinogen-class specific. PMID- 7273334 TI - Changes in epidermal polyamine biosynthesis and specific activity of DNA following a single application of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate to hairless mouse skin. AB - A single application of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to hairless mouse skin induces increased activity of epidermal L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (E.C.4.1.1.17) (ODC) with a peak at 5 h, and S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy lyase (E.C.4.1.1.50) (SAM-D) with a broad peak at 20-36 h. The temporal sequence of the accumulation of polyamines; i.e. putrescine, spermidine and spermine, and the rate of DNA synthesis was investigated. All four parameters were measured in the same tissue-samples and multiple peaks of DNA synthesis and of individual polyamines were demonstrated. In the period from 0-12 h, there was an initial decrease in the rate of DNA synthesis. In this period changes in the molar ratio of spermidine/spermine were negatively correlated to the rate of DNA synthesis. From 12-48 h, however, changes in the molar ratio of spermidine/spermine had an almost identical time course with rates of change of DNA synthesis. Based on corresponding cell kinetic results it is suggested that the spermidine/spermine ratio reaches a maximum peak during the S-phase of the cell cycle. The relation between the rate of DNA-synthesis and the spermidine/spermine ratio as well as the ordered time sequence for the accumulation of putrescine and the induction of ODC and SAM-D activities, suggest a strong interdependence and a strict regulation of these events in hairless mouse epidermis induced to proliferate by TPA. PMID- 7273335 TI - Enhanced cell killing and mutagenesis by ethylnitrosourea in xeroderma pigmentosum cells. AB - It was shown previously that following treatment with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) SV40 transformed cells from xeroderma pigmentosum patient XP12RO, complementation group A remove O6-ethylguanine from their DNA 2 to 3 times more slowly than do such cells from a normal individual (GM637), but that each of the several other DNA adducts studied are removed at the same rate by both cell lines. If O6 ethylguanine contributes significantly to the cytotoxic effect of ENU, a population which can excise this lesion more rapidly than another during the posttreatment period should exhibit a higher survival. We compared these two cell lines for survival of colony-forming ability following exposure to ENU. XP12RO SV40 cells proved approximately 3.5-fold more sensitive than GM637. To extend this study to non-transformed diploid human fibroblasts, we compared the survival of cells derived from normal individuals (NF) with that of fibroblasts from several XP patients: XP12BE (group A), XP7BE (group D), and XP4BE (an XP variant). The survival curve of NF, XP7BE, and XP4BE cells, but not XP12BE cells, exhibited a distinct shoulder. The slope of the survival curve for XP12BE cells was 3-fold steeper than that of the exponential part of the curve for NF; the slope of the curve for XP7BE cells, 2-fold steeper; and that of XP4BE cells, 1.7 fold steeper. This enhanced cytotoxicity was not observed in XP12BE cells treated with methylating agents such as methylnitrosourea or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. We compared NF and XP12BE cells for sensitivity to the mutagenic action of ENU and found approximately 3-fold higher frequencies of 6 thioguanine resistant mutants in the XP cells. This result is expected if the XP cells are slower than normal in excising O6-ethylguanine and if this adduct is mutagenic. When we compared the frequency of mutations induced by ENU and u.v. radiation at doses which caused equal cell killing, ENU was 4-fold more efficient a mutagen than u.v. PMID- 7273336 TI - Effects of selenium on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine metabolism and DNA alkylation. AB - Sodium selenite (Se) decreases the incidence of colon tumors induced in rats by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). In order to determine the basis for this inhibition, we studied the effects of Se on DMH metabolism, DNA alkylation and the rate of cell turnover of the target tissue. The effects of Se pretreatment (4 p.p.m. in the drinking water, for 2, 4 or 6 weeks) on DMH metabolism were monitored in male Sprague-Dawley rats by measuring expired 14CO2 and azo[14C]methane over a 12 h period after a.c. injection of [14C]DMH (20 mg/kg body weight). Compared to control rats, which received only [14C]DMH, Se pretreatment caused an increase in exhaled azomethane (31--69%) and a corresponding decrease in 14CO2 (4--33%) as the length of treatment increased from 2 to 6 weeks. The extent of DNA alkylation (measured as N-7 and O6-methylguanine formation) after Se pretreatment was reduced 20--27% in liver and was increased 40--43% in colon. Metabolic incorporation of [14C] from [14C]DMH into adenine and guanine (presumably via C1 pathways) was reduced 69--72% in colon DNA of Se-treated rats and [3H]thymidine incorporation was reduced 61--65%. This may have been due to decreased cell turnover. A similar response was not observed in the liver. The data suggest that Se decreases hepatic DMH metabolism, and that this may be compensated by an increase in extrahepatic metabolism and alkylation. Although colon alkylation is increased by Se pretreatment, fewer tumors result. This may be due to a decrease in DNA synthesis in this tissue. PMID- 7273337 TI - Induction of active melanocytes in mouse skin by carcinogens: a new method for detection of skin carcinogens. AB - Application of potent skin carcinogens, such as 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 3 methylcholanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, induced numerous dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa)-positive cells in the interfollicular epidermis of C57BL/6 mice in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Chrysene, a weak skin carcinogen, and croton oil, a tumor promoter, also induced 3--4 times more dopa positive cells than acetone. Liver carcinogens, such as 3'-methyl-4 dimethylaminoazobenzene and N-2-acetylaminofluorene, and non-carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene and pyrene, did not induce increase in these cells. These results indicate that increase in the number of dopa-positive cells after application of chemicals is well correlated with the abilities of these compounds to induce skin carcinogenesis and suppress sebaceous glands. PMID- 7273338 TI - Induction of the DNA repair enzymes uracil DNA glycosylase and 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase in regenerating rat liver. AB - The capacity of eukaryotic cells to modulate the activities of DNA repair enzymes during cell proliferation was examined. Using regenerating rat liver as a model system, the specific activities of the DNA repair enzymes uracil DNA glycosylase and 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase were determined at specific intervals after partial hepatectomy. The induction of DNA replication and the stimulation of DNA polymerase were also measured in order to relate changes in the potential for DNA repair to those observed for DNA replication. As measured in nuclear extracts, the specific activities of both the uracil DNA glycosylase and the 3 methyladenine DNA glycosylase were increased in regenerating rat liver reaching maximal levels 18--24 h after partial hepatectomy. The specific activity of each DNA repair enzyme returned to basal levels by 48 h after the hepatectomy. No increase in either enzyme activity was observed in sham operated controls. The products of the reactions were identified as 3-methyladenine or as uracil by high pressure liquid chromatography or by gel filtration on Sephadex G-10. The 2--3 fold increases in the specific activity observed for each nuclear DNA repair enzyme was comparable to the 2.7 fold increase observed for DNA polymerase activity. The stimulation of DNA repair enzymes in regenerating rat liver is a further suggestion that eukaryotic cells actively regulate excision repair pathways in the defined pattern of gene expression observed during the eukaryotic cell cycle. PMID- 7273339 TI - Factors influencing the induction of sister chromatid exchanges in mammalian cells by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. AB - The induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) was measured in mouse 10T1/2 and 3T3 cells released from density; inhibition, and Chinese hamster CHO cells synchronized by mitotic selection. The induced frequency of SCE was similar in each cell type, but depended upon the concentration of TPA employed, its source, and the particular lot from the same source. Most SCE occurred in the first two rounds of cell replication after addition of TPA. The induction of SCE by TPA was markedly suppressed if the fetal calf serum in the incubation medium was not heat inactivated. The addition of superoxide dismutase to medium with heat-inactivated serum also suppressed the induction of SCE. These results suggest that free radicals, particularly the superoxide anion, may be important intermediates in some of the biologic effects of TPA. PMID- 7273340 TI - Urinary excretion of dimethylnitrosamine: a quantitative relationship between dose and urinary excretion. AB - The urinary excretion of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was studied in male Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were given DMN (3, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) or [3H]DMN (0.1, 1 and 3 mg; 8.7, 1.5 and 0.28 mCi/kg body weight, respectively, i.p.) diluted with sterile 0.9% NaCl. Urine was collected for 24 h after dosing. DMN was quantitated by gas chromatography using a Thermal Energy Analyzer as detector and [3H]DMN by liquid scintillation counting after purification by high pressure liquid chromatography. Multiple regression analysis programs were used to evaluate the fit of the data to a variety of models relating excretion to dose. All models which gave an acceptable fit including a term for dose squared. The models are discussed in terms of the relationship between urinary excretion and blood clearance of DMN. PMID- 7273341 TI - Induction of hepatic ornithine decarboxylase by hypolipidemic drugs with hepatic peroxisome proliferative activity. AB - The present investigation was conducted to determine (1) if hepatomegalic and mitogenic effects of selected hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferators are associated with an elevation of hepatic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) levels and (2) if induction of ODC is a specific event associated with the development of preneoplastic hepatocellular foci and the eventual formation of hepatomas. Following a single i.p. dose of Wy-14,643 (Wy), the hepatic ODC activity in rats rose sharply, reaching a peak at 8 h, and returned to the normal level by 24 h. Other peroxisome proliferators tested (methyl clofenapate, BR-931 and nafenopin) also increased the hepatic ODC activities significantly 8 h after i.p.. administration of a single dose. Continuous dietary administration of Wy, whether or not these animals were previously initiated with the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN), resulted in a sustained elevation of hepatic ODC activity. Although Wy exerted an enhancing effect on DEN-initiated tumorigenesis, there was no additional increase of ODC activity. There was no correlation between the level of ODC induction and the presence or absence of altered liver cell foci. These results suggest that induction of ODC by peroxisome proliferators is not a specific event associated with the development of preneoplastic foci and hepatocarcinogenesis, but is an event associated with the sustained maintenance of hepatomegaly and and increased liver cell proliferation. PMID- 7273342 TI - DNA adducts of the carcinogen, 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17 one, in vivo and in vitro: high pressure liquid chromatographic separation and partial characterization. AB - The 11-methyl derivative (11-methyl ketone) is the most carcinogenic of the series of methylated derivatives based on 15,16-dihydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren 17-one. The nucleoside adducts derived from [3H]-11-methyl ketone-modified mouse skin DNA have been separated by both Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and reverse phase h.p.l.c. and compared to those derived from DNA modified in vitro with the [14C]-11-methyl ketone using rat liver microsomes. The in vivo modified DNA separated to give 6 adducts (designated I--VI) on h.p.l.c. The major in vivo adduct (80% total adducts) co-chromatographed with the major in vitro adduct. The metabolites of the 11-methyl ketone (designated a--g) have been separated by h.p.l.c., and the adducts derived from each of these individual metabolites determined by further metabolism in the presence of DNA. H.p.l.c. separation of these adducts has allowed characterization of the in vivo adducts. The major adduct (V) and possibly one of the minor adducts (IV) were derived from the 3,4 dihydro-3,4-diol of the 11-methyl ketone (metabolite e). Adducts II and III were derived from the 16- and 15-monohydroxylated derivatives of the 11-methyl ketone and also from their corresponding 3,4-diols and therefore are likely to be the 16 and 15-hydroxy derivatives, respectively, of adduct V. Adduct VI, however, although derived from the 15-hydroxy-3,4-diol had a late retention time on h.p.l.c., suggesting either a non-diol-epoxide adduct or a deoxyadenosine adduct. The use of [3H-G]DNA has established that the major adduct (V) and the 16-hydroxy derived adduct (II) contain deoxyguanosine. Reaction of the carcinogen with [3H A]poly[dA-dT) gave adduct VI which was the only adduct peak shown to contain [3H]deoxyadenosine. PMID- 7273343 TI - Mass spectral characterisation of the major DNA--carcinogen adduct formed from the metabolically activated carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11 methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one. AB - E. coli DNA, labelled with [14C]adenine and [14C]-guanine, was allowed to react with the [3H]-labelled carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren 17-one in the presence of a microsomal metabolising system. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the DNA followed by Sephadex LH20 chromatography of its constituent nucleosides established that the major DNA - carcinogen adduct involved guanine, and not adenine. This was confirmed by submitting calf thymus DNA, which had been allowed to react with the unlabelled carcinogen, to pyrolysis electron impact mass spectrometry without further derivatisation. Analysis of a selected ion product (m/z 368) by means of mass-analysed kinetic energy spectrometry, a technique which allows study of the further fragmentation of the single, selected ion, revealed that the guanine moiety was attached via the nitrogen atom of its exocyclic amino group to C-1 of a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,3,4-trihydroxy derivative of the original carcinogen. PMID- 7273344 TI - Development of hepatocellular carcinomas and increased peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation in rats fed [4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio] acetic acid (Wy-14,643) in the semipurified diet. AB - To eliminate interference by contaminating xenobiotics that may possibly be present in the commercial rodent chow, we used semipurified diet in these studied to establish the carcinogenicity of hepatic peroxisome proliferator [4-chloro-6 (2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio] acetic acid (Wy-14,643). This compound was fed to male F344 rats in the semipurified diet at a dietary concentration of 0.2% (w/w) for 65 weeks. Between 40 and 65 weeks, 14 of 14 rats fed Wy-14,643 developed hepatocellular carcinomas. Therefore, the possibility that peroxisome proliferators increase the liver tumor incidence by as promoting effect appears highly unlikely, even though these compounds appear to be non-genotoxic. The liver tumors, as well as non-tumor portions of liver in Wy-14,643 fed rats, showed increased levels of peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation system and H2O2. Excessive accumulation of autofluorescent lipofuscin, indicative of increased lipid peroxidation, was also observed in the liver parenchymal cells, during Wy 14,643 induced liver tumorigenesis. These observations support the contention that sustained proliferation of peroxisomes leads to oxygen radical toxicity, which may eventually lead to the development of liver tumors in rodents exposed to peroxisome proliferators. PMID- 7273345 TI - Carcinogenic effects of 1,1-di-n-butylhydrazine in mice. AB - Lifetime administration of 0.03125% 1,1-di-n-butylhydrazine in drinking water to Swiss mice, from 6 weeks of age, induced tumors of the lungs, forestomach and liver. The tumor incidences in these tissues in untreated controls were 25, 2 and 0.5%, whereas in the treated groups the corresponding tumor incidences increased to 68, 39 and 5%, respectively. Histopathologically these lesions were classified as adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the lungs, squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas of the forestomach, and benign hepatomas and liver cell carcinomas. The work is part of a structure activity inquiry and its specific aim is to disclose whether the dialkyl derivatives of hydrazine are more active carcinogens than the monoalkyl analogues. PMID- 7273348 TI - Co-carcinogenicity of promoting agents. AB - An experiment is described to investigate whether coadministration of a promoting agent would enhance the carcinogenicity of a repeatedly administered complete carcinogen. Topical application of the strong carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11 methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one (I) in toluene containing 1% v/v croton oil is about five times more effective than applications in toluene alone, as judged from the respective mean latent periods. A similar effect is also apparent for benzo[a]pyrene. PMID- 7273347 TI - Modification of deoxyguanosine by chloroethylene oxide. AB - Reaction of deoxyguanosine in glacial acetic acid with chloroethylene oxide, a proposed reactive metabolite of vinyl chloride, led to a single, strongly fluorescent product in nearly quantitative yield. The u.v. spectra indicated alkylation of N-7 of guanine, which was confirmed following reduction of the reaction product by sodium borohydride to 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine, and the synthesis of the same modified guanine via a stereoselective 7-N hydroxy alkylation using 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol. In agreement with the expected structure 7 (2-oxoethyl)guanine reacted with the carbonyl specific reagent 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH). However, its i.r. and proton n.m.r. spectra did not support the existence of a simple aldehyde group. Moreover, the 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazone was labile, 7-(2-oxoethyl)guanine being produced when excess 2,4-DNPH was removed. This instability was interpreted as being due to the reversible formation of a hemiacetal ring between O6 of the guanine residue and the aldehyde carbon of the 2-oxoalkyl group resulting in O6,7-(1' hydroxyethano)guanine. This conformation was supported by the occurrence in field desorption mass spectra of the ions of m/e = 175 and 292 which are interpreted as O6,7-ethenoguanine and O6,7-ethenodeoxyguanosine resulting from the elimination of H2O of the hydroxyethano residue. O6,7-(1'-hydroxyethano)guanine might be expected to cause faulty base pairing during replication of DNA, which may be the molecular basis of the carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride. PMID- 7273349 TI - Visual acuity of school entrants. AB - A study of 4239 school entrants showed that 3.4% had less than normal or near normal distant vision and 0.8% had near vision impairment. The group requiring specialist advice and care, that is, those with 6/12 or worse vision in either eye were further investigated. The effectiveness of pre-school examinations in the early detection of vision defects could thus be assessed. The results indicated that two-thirds had not been detected during the pre-school period. Where diagnosed, the great majority were between 3 and 5 years of age. In general, attendance at child health clinics for developmental surveillance was not a significant factor. Given that maturation has an effect, the difficulty seems to be the lack of suitable techniques rather than expertise. This suggests that the whole area of vision testing during the pre-school periods needs to be reviewed. PMID- 7273346 TI - Comparative carcinogenicities and reactivities of N-myristoyloxy-N-acetyl-2 aminofluorene and its 7-iodo derivative. AB - Earlier studies showed that N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) is much more carcinogenic than N-acetyl-2-amino-7-iodofluorene (AAIF). Subsequently it was found that substitution of C-8 of guanine bases in DNA with AAF residues resulted in displacement of the guanine bases outside the DNA helix. This did not occur after similar substitution with AAIF residues. As one approach to assessing the possible importance of this gross conformational difference to the carcinogenicity of AAF, the carcinogenic activities of two electrophilic esters, N-myristoyloxy-AAF and its 7-iodo derivative, were compared by s.c. injection into male Fischer rats. On injection of a total of 64 mumol, each ester induced a high incidence of sarcomas, and the latent periods were similar. N-Myristoyloxy AAIF was solvolyzed in aqueous media at about one-half the rate of N-myristoyloxy AAF, and it was less than 10% as reactive with native DNA as N-myristoyloxy-AAF. N-Myristoyloxy-AAF and N-myristoyloxy-AAIF were each less reactive than the corresponding acetoxy derivatives. These data suggest that the low carcinogenicity of AAIF as compared to that of AAF may not be associated with the conformations of their adducts in the DNA. This difference in carcinogenicity may be related to differences in the rates of metabolic activation and inactivation of these two amides. PMID- 7273350 TI - Home intervention with parents of severely subnormal pre-school children: a final report. AB - A 3-year intervention programme with parents of severely subnormal pre-school children is described. Two experimental groups, one visited individually at 2 week intervals and one similarly at 8-week intervals are compared with a third distal contrast group receiving no intervention. Analyses of successive IQ changes in all three groups after 2 years than that receiving more visits but that this difference disappeared after 3 years. The contrast non-intervention group made fewer gains overall than either of the two experimental groups. Four questions are discussed: the maintenance of early gains, the influence of social class, the optimal level of intervention and the meaning of successful intervention to parents. Evaluation of the project is concerned with experimental efficiency, methodology, and the problems of partnership. PMID- 7273351 TI - Current maternal attitudes to infant feeding methods. AB - Mothers' feeding practices and their attitudes to breast and bottle feeding were investigated. Sixty-four per cent started to breast feed and 35% continued past 2 months, a continuation rate which is higher than previously reported. Also higher than previously reported was the proportion of working class women breast feeding. This may reflect a current trend. Most women decided on their infant feeding technique early in pregnancy, and 80% followed that decision. For those who changed their minds about feeding practice postnatally, and for those who were initially undecided, the hospital was influential. Analysis of women's pleasurable and less restricting than they had anticipated. The results are discussed in relation to attempts to encourage breast feeding. PMID- 7273352 TI - Pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. II. Anoxic metabolism of the rat liver following acute blood loss in the rat. AB - Changes in energy metabolism of rat liver in hemorrhagic shock were investigated. The hepatic energy charge level (0.24-0.693) correlated significantly with the mean arterial blood pressure (20-75 mmHg) (r = 0.931, P less than 0.001), as well as the blood volume withdrawn (2.43-2.82 ml/100 g body weight) which, in turn, correlated with the various mortality rates (LD16, LD50, and LD84) (r = -0.728, P less than 0.01). As shown by the changes in adenylate energy charge levels, the liver was very sensitive to acute blood loss. There was no significant difference between the energy charge levels of liver obtained in situ from rats with 84% mortality after hemorrhage and that of the same liver further incubated in vitro in the absence of O2 (0.304 versus 0.235). From these results, it appears that the energy status in the liver of rats dying from severe hemorrhagic shock has changed to anaerobic metabolism, which may not be sufficient to maintain adequate liver function or support individual survival. PMID- 7273353 TI - Protection of functional and structural integrity of the rat myocardium by dexamethasone in hemorrhagic shock. AB - Rat hearts were isolated from control animals (C), following 2.5 hours of hemorrhagic hypotension (Sh) and from rats pretreated with 10 mg/kg dexamethasone (Sh + D), and they were perfused by the modified Langendorff technique. Dexamethasone pretreatment prevented the development of depression of left ventricular mechanical performance and increase of coronary resistance, but the reduction of O2 consumption observed in Sh hearts was not influenced by the synthetic glucocorticoid. Sh animals exhibited elevation of blood inorganic phosphate level, which was significantly diminished in Sh + D rats. Zonal lesions of myofilaments and mitochondria were not seen in electron micrographs of Sh + D hearts, but there was an increase in the number of cellular glycogen particles following dexamethasone pretreatment. The protection of contractile function and coronary circulation during shock cannot be the result of direct inotropic or coronary dilating action, since addition of dexamethasone (10 mg/liter) to the perfusate of C hearts did not alter contractility and coronary resistance. It is assumed that systemic hemodynamic and local cellular effects lead to the protection of myocardial integrity, which may contribute to the general beneficial action of dexamethasone in hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7273354 TI - Electrogenic sodium extrusion can stop triggered activity in the canine coronary sinus. AB - Soon after a burst of triggered activity in the canine coronary sinus begins, an initial fall in maximum diastolic potential and increase in rate gives way to an increase in maximum diastolic potential, reduction in rate, and eventual quiescence. This hyperpolarization, slowing, and subsequent quiescence might result from enhanced electrogenic sodium/potassium extrusion caused by the rise in intracellular sodium concentration ([Na+]i) associated with the high rate of firing. Triggered bursts can be terminated prematurely by a sudden increase in the rate of sodium extrusion, Brief exposure to K+- free fluid is known to cause [Na+]i to rise; reactivating the pump by switching back to K+-containing fluid causes immediate hyperpolarization, and within a few seconds, quiescence. Brief periods of overdrive, also thought to increase [Na+]i, are followed by hyperpolarization, slowing and, often, by premature termination of the burst. Inhibiting the sodium/potassium pump by exposure to 2 micrometer acetylstrophanthidin or to K+-free fluid (1) prevents or delays the hyperpolarization, (2) increases the rate of triggered activity and (3) prolongs bursts of activity when bursts last less than 2.5 minutes under control conditions. In the presence of 2 micrometer acetylstrophanthidine, neither brief exposures to K+- free fluid not overdrive causes sudden, premature termination of triggered bursts. Bursts do eventually stop in the presence of pump inhibitors; however, that termination is associated with an increase in rate and a decline in maximum diastolic potential and in action potential amplitude. We conclude that electrogenic Na+ extrusion plays an important role in the spontaneous termination of triggered activity. PMID- 7273355 TI - Preferential sensitivity of the left canine purkinje system to cardiac glycosides. AB - Previous studies have shown that the toxic effects of cardiac glycosides are not manifested uniformly throughout the myocardium. The purpose of our study was to determine whether cardiac glycosides exert different effects on the right vs. left peripheral Purkinje systems and to ascertain mechanisms involved. Control in vitro measurements of paired right and left canine Purkinje fibers showed higher spontaneous rates in left (24.2 +/- 1.75 beats/min) than in right (11.6 +/- 1.55 beats/min, P less than 0.01, n = 81) Purkinje fiber bundles. Following overdrive stimulation, left Purkinje fiber bundles also showed earlier escape beats. After ouabain exposure (2 X 10-7 M), left Purkinje fiber bundles showed earlier signs of toxicity in 20 of 28 experiments, as determined by changes in the maximum diastolic potential, the degree of diastolic depolarization, spontaneous escape intervals, and the magnitude of delayed after-depolarizations. The enhanced sensitivity of left Purkinje fiber bundles was independent of the extracellular potassium concentration and glycoside polarity, and was also observed in situ. We conclude that distal Purkinje fibers are functionally dissimilar and that the left Purkinje system shows greater sensitivity to cardiac glycosides than the right Purkinje system. These data also support the observation that digitalis induced dysrhythmias arise in the left ventricle. PMID- 7273356 TI - Sequential QRS vector subtractions in acute myocardial infarction in humans. Time course and relationship to serial changes in serum CK-MB concentration. PMID- 7273357 TI - The deformational characteristics of the left ventricle in the conscious dog. AB - We studied left ventricular minor and major axis diameters and equatorial wall thickness in eleven conscious dogs with chronically implanted pulse-transit ultrasonic dimension transducers. Left ventricular transmural pressure was measured with micromanometers. Left ventricular volume was varied by inflation of implanted vena caval or aortic occluders. The geometry of the left ventricle was represented as a three-dimensioal ellipsoidal shell. Left ventricular eccentricity was found to be a linear function of ventricular volume during both diastole and ejection. However, the relationship was not the same for diastole and ejection, and during diastole the left ventricle was mre spherical at large volumes and more elliptical at small volumes than during ejection. The rearrangements in geometry observed during isovolumic contraction appeared to be transitional stages from the diastolic to the ejection-phase relationship. Thus, during isovolumic contraction, the left ventricle became more elliptical at large volumes and more spherical at small volumes. These relationships were not altered significantly by increased afterload or inotropic interventions. We also observed that the diastolic deformation of the ventricular chamber occurred in a set and predictable manner that seemed to be determined by the three-dimensional mechanical properties of the myocardium. The geometric inter-relationships of the ventricular wall determined the relationship between diastolic transmural pressure and mural stress. These findings probably reflect basic structural characteristics of the myocardium and provide a convenient method for quantitatively representing the dynamic geometry of the left ventricle. PMID- 7273358 TI - The coronary pressure-flow determinants left ventricular compliance in dogs. AB - Displacement of the left ventricular diastolic pressure-dimension relationship (change in compliance) has been observed with alterations in coronary perfusion pressure. The relative contribution of coronary (myocardial) blood flow, as compared with the perfusion pressure at which flow occurs, was studied in 10 dogs during diastolic relaxation potassium arrest during cardiopulmonary bypass. The normalized left ventricular pressure-dimension relationships, obtained during passive, gradual filling of the left ventricle (0-20 mm Hg) were shifted progressively to the left as coronary perfusion pressure was increased. Myocardial blood flow was 0.06 ml/mg per min +/- 0.02 ml/mg per min (mean +/- SEM) at a coronary perfusion pressure of 40 mm Hg and increased to 0.38 ml/mg per min +/- 0.11 ml/mg per min as the coronary perfusion pressure was raised to 120 mm Hg. Addition of adenosine significantly increased myocardial blood flow by 109% at a coronary perfusion pressure of 80 and by 147% at a coronary perfusion pressure of 120 mm Hg, but caused no additional significant shifts in the pressure-dimension relationships, compared to the same coronary perfusion pressures without adenosine. Coronary perfusion pressure, and not coronary blood flow, is a more direct determinant of cardiac diastolic properties. PMID- 7273359 TI - Evidence against significant resting sympathetic coronary vasoconstrictor tone in the conscious dog. AB - The primary objective of this study was to ascertain whether resting coronary blood flow is under tonic restraint due to sympathetically mediated alpha adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction. To accomplish this, we first developed and verified a technique for selectively sympathectomizing the posterior region of the canine left ventricle. This technique entailed the topical application of phenol in a thin line to specific sites on the myocardium and epicardial vessels. As part of the verification, we demonstrated that left stellate nerve stimulation caused increases in the myocardial extraction ratios for oxygen and lactate in the normally innervated region (I) of the ventricle, but not in the sympathectomized region (Sx). We then measured regional myocardial blood flow with microspheres in phenol-treated animals under conscious, resting conditions. The animals were acclimated to the laboratory environment, and their arterial plasma norepinephrine levels averaged 135 +/- 37 pg/ml. heart rate (81 +/- 3 bpm) and mean aortic pressure (100 +/- 2 mm Hg) were not significantly affected by beta-adrenergic blockade or combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade in these animals. Blood flow in I and Sx averaged 0.87 +/- 0.08 ml/min per g and 0.85 +/- 0.07 ml/min per g, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant. The endocardial-to-epicardial blood flow ratio in I and Sx averaged 1.23 +/- 0.03 and 1.29 +/- 0.04, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant. The results were not significantly affected by beta adrenergic blockade or combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade. We were unable to confirm previous evidence in the literature of significant resting sympathetic coronary vasoconstrictor tone in the conscious animal. PMID- 7273360 TI - Total ischemia in dog hearts, in vitro. 1. Comparison of high energy phosphate production, utilization, and depletion, and of adenine nucleotide catabolism in total ischemia in vitro vs. severe ischemia in vivo. PMID- 7273361 TI - Total ischemia in dog hearts, in vitro 2. High energy phosphate depletion and associated defects in energy metabolism, cell volume regulation, and sarcolemmal integrity. PMID- 7273362 TI - Total circulatory capacity in the rat. Effects of epinephrine and vasopressin on compliance and unstressed volume. AB - In thoracic-spinal-cord-transected rats, mean circulatory pressure (Pmc) was measured during brief circulatory arrest by inflating an indwelling balloon in the right atrium and total blood volume (VB) was measured with 51Cr. The Pmc-VB relationship was determined over the range +/- 30% VB by rapid blood infusion or withdrawal. An infusion of 1.5 microgram/kg per min of epinephrine for 20-40 minutes caused the total circulatory compliance (Ctc) to decrease 18%, the extrapolated unstressed circulatory volume (V'o) and VB to decrease 8.6 and 7.3 ml/kg, respectively, and PMC to increase 41% (2.6 mm Hg). Total circulatory capacity (circulatory volume at a PMC of 8 mm Hg) was decreased 13.7 ml/kg by epinephrine at the above infusion rate. When vasopressin (20 ng/kg per min) and epinephrine (0.3 microgram/kg per min) were infused together for 20-40 minutes, compared to a 0.3 microgram/kg per min infusion of epinephrine alone, the net effect of vasopressin was a 4.8 ml per kg decrease in VB and a 5.9 ml/kg decrease in total circulatory capacity, with insignificant decreases in CTC and V'o. The results indicate that in rats both epinephrine and vasopressin act to decrease blood volume via transcapillary fluid shifts, and that vasopressin has a relatively small overall venoconstricting action. PMID- 7273365 TI - Arterial baroreceptor reflex function in the conscious rabbit after brainstem lesions coinciding with the A1 group of catecholamine neurons. PMID- 7273363 TI - Factors influencing vascular hyporesponsiveness to angiotensin II. AB - Bartter's syndrome is characterized, in part, by hyporesponsiveness to the pressor effect of exogenous angiotensin II (AII). This has been attributed to volume contraction, hypokalemia, and/or increased prostaglandin (PG) levels. In order to investigate factors responsible for a diminished response to the pressor effect of AII, rats were made hypokalemic or volume contracted and hypokalemic (VCHK) by dietary restriction. AII sensitivity was examined by determining the dose of AII required to raise the mean arterial pressure 20 mm Hg. When compared with control rats. VCHK and hypokalemic rats were significantly less sensitive to AII. VCHK rats were significantly less sensitive to AII than hypokalemic rats. Both experimental groups were similarly hypokalemic, but plasma renin activity (PRA) of VCHK only was greater than control values. In VCHK rats, acute K+ restoration partially corrected AII hyporesponsiveness, although plasma K+ increased to normal. In VCHK rats, acute volume expansion with normal saline similarly achieved only partial correction of AII hyporesponsiveness although PRA values fell to the control range. Simultaneous K+ restoration and volume expansion to VCHK rats successfully restored AII sensitivity to the control range. Dietary sodium, chloride, and potassium restriction did not increase urinary excretion to PGE2. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg, iv) given acutely to VCHK rats did not significantly after baseline hyporesponsiveness to AII. Norepinephrine vascular sensitivity was not affected by either volume contraction or hypokalemia. These data demonstrate that volume contraction and hypokalemia individually depress exogenous AII sensitivity in the rat and do so by separate and additive mechanisms. Furthermore, these mechanisms appear to be independent of PG. PMID- 7273364 TI - Hypertension, bradycardia, and pulmonary edema in the conscious rabbit after brainstem lesions coinciding with the A1 group of catecholamine neurons. PMID- 7273366 TI - Ultrastructural distribution of vasodilator and constrictor nerves in cat cerebral arteries. AB - This study examined the ultrastructural distribution of agranular vesicle containing nerve (AVN) and granular vesicle-containing nerve (GVN) in cat cerebral blood vessels fixed in KMnO4. The percentages of the AVN and GVN throughout the adventitial layer in the basilar, middle cerebral, and anterior cerebral arteries were 63.4 and 36.7, 53.9 and 46.1, and 60.2 and 39.8, respectively. The AVN in the cat basilar artery is approximately 37 times denser than that in the rabbit basilar artery. This morphological result, in correlation with the previous pharmacological findings, provides indirect evidence that the AVN are the dilator nerves. The lack of neurogenic vasoconstriction in the cat basilar, middle cerebral, and anterior cerebral arteries may be attributable in part to a combination of denser dilator than constrictor nerves, a possible closer synaptic cleft distance for dilator than for constrictor nerves, and the reported insensitivity of the postsynaptic alpha-receptors. The small pial vessels (branches of the middle cerebral arteries), on the other hand, contain predominantly GVN (88%), suggesting that dilator nerves relative to constrictor nerves decrease as the size of the cerebral blood vessels becomes smaller. Furthermore, the synaptic cleft distance is found not parallel to the outer diameter of the artery. Thus, the results of this study indicate that the neurogenic control of brain circulation varies with brain region, lending further support to the theory that the dual cerebral innervation varies among species. PMID- 7273367 TI - Flow through collapsible tubes at high Reynolds numbers. AB - The pressure-flow relationships of collapsible tubes were studied utilizing the Starling resistor model. Reynolds numbers much higher than previously reported were used to simulate high cardiac output states. Alterations which occur in vivo, including longitudinal tension, stretch, tubing diameter, length, and outflow resistance were also simulated and systematically investigated. The pressure-flow curves showed an initial rising phase, a plateau phase, as well as a late-rising phase which has not been reported previously. Self-induced oscillations occurred during the plateau phase and persisted throughout the late rising phase. These perturbations were markedly increased by longitudinal tension and stretch, but were attenuated by increased diameter, length, and outflow pressure. These instabilities may prove to be an explanation for the "venous hum." PMID- 7273369 TI - The exercise test in variant angina: results in 114 patients. AB - One hundred fourteen patients with variant angina performed bicycle exercise stress tests, and were divided into three groups. Group 1 included 37 patients with a normal exercise test. Coronary arteriography revealed absence of significant coronary stenoses in 18 patients, one-vessel disease in 17 and involvement of two or more vessels in two. Group 2 consisted of 40 patients who had ST-segment elevation during or just after exercise. Coronary arteriography in these cases revealed absence of significant coronary stenoses in nine patients, one-vessel disease in 18 and disease of two or more vessels in 13. Group 3 included 37 patients who had ST-segment depression during exercise. Absence of coronary artery disease was found in only two patients, one-vessel disease was found in 19 and disease of two or more vessels was found in 16. Sixty-one patients repeated the exercise test after a mean of 18 months after hospital discharge. Exercise-induced ST-segment elevation was no longer present in surgically or medically treated patients; ST-segment depression was still evident in all the medically treated patients, but was absent in eight of 13 patients who underwent aortocoronary bypass surgery. Exercise testing can be useful in the follow-up of patients with variant angina and in selecting patients most likely to be helped by bypass surgery. PMID- 7273368 TI - Oxygen-induced contraction in the guinea pig neonatal ductus arteriosus. AB - We investigated the mechanism of oxygen-induced contractions in ductus arteriosus isolated from neonatal guinea pig. A preparation equilibrated at low Po2 (less than 40 mm Hg) displayed a steady membrane potential of -54.8 mV. Application of oxygen (Po2 (less than approximately or equal to 300 mm Hg) resulted in: (1) stepwise development of tension coupled to action potentials and (2) sustained membrane depolarization to -32.9 mV associated with tonic contraction. Mechanical sensitivity to oxygen persisted at any[K]o up to 126 mM, and tension was always larger at a given [K]o or a given membrane potential with high Po2 than with low Po2. The change in membrane potential per decade change in [K]o was 35 mV at low Po2 and 16 mV at high Po2. Oxygen contractions occurred when the ductal strips were bathed in K-free media or exposed to ouabain. We conclude that oxygen caused a conductance change in the sarcolemma resulting in depolarization, which is coupled to contraction. There is also evidence of a membrane potential independent contraction mechanism. PMID- 7273370 TI - Correlation of regional myocardial blood flow and function with myocardial infarct size during acute myocardial ischemia in the conscious pig. AB - Regional myocardial function and blood flow were determined for 48 hours after permanent occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery in conscious swine. Systolic wall thickening and end-diastolic wall thickness (EDWTh) were correlated with regional myocardial flow (RMBF) at 15 minutes, 24 and 48 hours after occlusion. Both regional function and blood flow were compared with the extent of myocardial necrosis (determined histologically) after 48 hours in functionally distinct zones. Group 1 (control zones) was characterized by increased systolic wall thickening, EDWTh, RMBF and had no necrosis. Group 2 (marginal zones) had depressed systolic wall thickening (35 +/- 3% [mean +/ SEM] of preocclusion level at 48 hours) and RMBF (64 +/- 6% of preocclusion values), transiently decreased EDWTh and 46 +/- 5% necrosis. In Group 3 (ischemic zones), all values were greatly reduced: systolic wall thickening was 3.6 +/- 1.2%, EDWTh 76 +/- 8% and RMBF 25 +/- 9% preocclusion values; necrosis was 90 +/- 5%. Groups 2 and 3 had increased RMBF at 24 and 48 hours from that at 15 minutes after occlusion; however, in neither case was systolic wall thickening greater than that at 15 minutes after occlusion. We conclude that there is close correlation between RMBF, systolic wall thickening and the extent of necrosis present after 48 hours of coronary artery occlusion in the conscious swine; subsequent increases in RMBF to the marginal zone after occlusion are not accompanied by improved regional function. PMID- 7273371 TI - Comparison of degree and extent of coronary narrowing by atherosclerotic plaque in anterior and posterior transmural acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7273372 TI - Magnesium and trace metals: risk factors for coronary heart disease? Association between blood levels and angiographic findings. PMID- 7273373 TI - Trends in cardiovascular mortality in Spanish-surnamed, other white, and black persons in Texas, 1970--1975. AB - Certain categories of cardiovascular disease have significantly declined recently as causes of death. In the present investigation we describe the variation in cardiovascular mortality in Texas by ethnicity, age and sex during 1970--1975 using age-standardized proportional mortality ratios. Specifically, the question of whether the three major ethnic groups in Texas have shared equally in any changes in cardiovascular mortality is examined. Several subcategories of cardiovascular mortality are considered. Among the sex-ethnic groups both ischemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction mortality declined less among Spanish-surnamed males and females than in their other white and black counterparts. Chronic ischemic heart disease increased in relative importance for all groups except Spanish-surnamed females, in whom it decreased. There was no significant decrease in cerebrovascular disease mortality among Spanish-surnamed males or females as there was in the other groups. These results suggest that important differences in cause-structure of mortality are occurring in the ethnic subpopulations of Texas. PMID- 7273374 TI - Relationship between changes in left ventricular inotropic state and relaxation in normal subjects and in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - The aim of the study was to examine the changes in left ventricular (LV) relaxation rate induced by variations in inotropic state. Eight normal subjects and 29 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were studied. First, we used interventions that increase myocardial calcium influx (atrial pacing or postpacing beat) or decrease it (intracoronary injection of nifedipine). Relaxation rate was estimated from the time constant (T1) of isovolumic LV pressure fall during the fist 40 msec after peak negative dP/dt. Under basal conditions, T1 was impaired in CAD patients (58 vs 43 msec; p less than 0.01), despite similar heart rate, LV pressures and peak positive dP/dt (1620 vs 1787 mm Hg/sec; NS). During atrial pacing at 135 +/- 7 beats/min, peak positive dP/dt increased to 2220 mm Hg/sec in 11 CAD patients and to 2256 mm Hg/sec in eight normal subjects. T1 decreased more in CAD patients than in normal subjects (17 vs 7 msec; p less than 0.01). T1 changes also differed in the postpacing beat between CAD patients and normal subjects (-6 vs 5 msec; p less than 0.01) or when nifedipine was injected during the pacing (4 vs 20 msec; p less than 0.01). Intravenous calcium injection during atrial pacing in another group of 18 CAD patients further improved peak positive dP/dt and T1 (-3 msec; p less than 0.05) and normalized the changes in relaxation during the postpacing heart. Our data indicate that a variable coupling between LV inotropic state and relaxation rate exists in man during changes in calcium influx and that this coupling is abnormal in CAD patients. PMID- 7273376 TI - Accuracy of an ultrasound Doppler servo method for noninvasive determination of instantaneous and mean arterial blood pressure. AB - A new noninvasive method for determining arterial blood pressure is presented. Using a fast servo system, the pressure in the arm cuff is controlled so that the flow is maintained at a low value. Transcutaneous ultrasound Doppler techniques are used to detect flow to the artery. Comparison with invasive pressure measurements demonstrated that the servo method reproduced beat-to-beat variations in arterial blood pressure faithfully. Mean arterial blood pressure was determined from the noninvasive recordings using the same mathematically valid procedure as was used for the invasive recordings. The deviation between the invasive and the noninvasive determinations of this measurement was -0.6 +/- 2.2 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) in 23 subjects. PMID- 7273375 TI - A new, simplified and accurate method for determining ejection fraction with two dimensional echocardiography. AB - A new method to determine left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) with wide angle, two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) has been developed using the parasternal long-axis, apical four-chamber and apical long-axis views. End diastolic and end-systolic measurements of LV short axes at the base and mid-LV cavity in the parasternal long-axis view and at the upper, middle and lower thirds of the cavity in the apical views are made, from which an averaged minor axis at end-diastolic and at end-systole is calculated. Fractional shortening of the LV long axis (delta L) is estimated from apical contraction. Satisfactory 2-D echoes were obtained in 55 of 58 nonselected patients (all three views in 32 patients, two views in 22 and one view in one); 42 of 55 patients had coronary artery disease. EF by 2-D echo was compared with EF by gated cardiac blood pool imaging in all patients (r = 0.927, SEE = 6.7%) and to EF by single-plane cineangiography (angio) in 35 of 55 patients (r = 0.913, SEE = 7.4%). LV dyssynergy was frequently present and involved the apex in 29 of 55 patients. Using angio as the standard for evaluating wall motion at the apex, 2-D echo was 100% sensitive and specific in detecting abnormal apical wall motion. We conclude that EF can be determined accurately with 2-D echo in a large group of patients with and without dyssynergy by a simple method that eliminates the need for planimetry or computer assistance. PMID- 7273377 TI - Borderline hypertension: relationship between age, hemodynamics and circulating catecholamines. AB - The relationships between age, systemic and renal hemodynamics, circulating catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine) and intravascular volumes were studied in 38 normotensive subjects and in 77 patients with borderline essential hypertension. Borderline hypertensive patients had a higher cardiac index (p less than 0.02) and renal blood flow (p less than 0.05) than normotensive subjects if they were younger than 30 years of age, whereas in older patients no difference was observed. In contrast, total peripheral resistance was normal in young borderline hypertensive patients, but significantly increased (p less than 0.02) in patients older than age 40 years. Cardiac output (r = -0.28, p less than 0.01) and renal blood flow (r = -0.47, p less than 0.001) correlated inversely with age in the entire population and in both subgroups. Cardiac output also correlated closely with renal blood flow in all subjects (r = 0.45, p less than 0.001). Circulating norepinephrine levels increased with age (r = 0.25, p less than 0.05), whereas epinephrine concentration tended to decrease. Plasma and total blood volume correlated directly with cardiac output (r = 0.39, p less than 0.001) and inversely with peripheral resistance (r = -0.34, p less than 0.001). These data indicate that the hyperdynamic circulation (high cardiac output and renal blood flow) of borderline hypertension is found predominantly in patients younger than age 30 years. Older patients are characterized by an elevated total peripheral resistance and normal cardiac output. The age-dependent increase in circulating norepinephrine and decrease in epinephrine levels may participate in the shift of the hemodynamic profile from high-cardiac-output hypertension in the young to a high-arteriolar-resistance hypertension in the older patient. PMID- 7273378 TI - Immunosuppressive therapy in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy and myocardial uptake of gallium-67. AB - Thirty-nine patients with idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy underwent gallium 67 scintigraphy. Twenty had no evidence of myocardial uptake (group I) and 19 had demonstrable myocardial gallium-67 activity (group II). There was no significant difference in age, sex, duration of symptoms, antecedent viral illness, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, or ejection fraction between the two groups. Fifteen patients in group II were treated with prednisone and azathioprine for a minimum of 8 months. Nine of 15 patients were clinically unchanged and gallium-67 scans remained positive (group IIa). Six patients had significant improvement and resolution of myocardial gallium-67 uptake (group IIb). The mean change in ejection fraction was +0.2% in group I, -4.8% in Group IIa, and +13.8% in group IIb. There were five deaths in group I (25% mortality), three in group IIa (33% mortality), and no deaths in group IIb. The only significant difference between patients in group IIa and those in group IIb was a greater left ventricular posterior wall thickness in group IIa patients. Twenty control patients without cardiac disease had negative gallium-67 scans. We conclude that gallium-67 myocardial scintigraphy may be a useful test for predicting the response to prednisone and azathioprine therapy. PMID- 7273379 TI - Cardioprotective effects of lidoflazine during 1-hour normothermic global ischemia. AB - The cardioprotective effects of lidoflazine, a drug with calcium homeostatic properties, were investigated in dogs subjected to 1 hour of normothermic global ischemia, followed by reperfusion. None of the eight control dogs could be weaned from the extracorporeal bypass, confirming the severity of the ischemic model. All eight acutely pretreated dogs showed rapid recovery from the prolonged ischemic arrest and could support their own circulation. Recovery of preischemic values was 95% for systolic aortic pressure, 71% for diastolic aortic pressure, 99% for left ventricular dP/dt max and 80% for cardiac output. Light and electron microscopy and calcium cytochemistry were performed on left ventricular biopsies taken before, during and after ischemic arrest. In the control dogs, loss of structural integrity of the sarcolemma and mitochondria was prominent at the end of the ischemic period. Intracellular edema, hypercontraction of sarcomeres and great accumulation of calcium in severely damaged mitochondria occurred after 5 and 30 minutes of reperfusion. In the lidoflazine-treated dogs, such lesions were largely prevented during the ischemic period and completely reversed after reperfusion. These observations suggest that the tolerance of ischemia is markedly augmented by lidoflazine. PMID- 7273380 TI - Mitral valve replacement in children with rheumatic heart disease. PMID- 7273381 TI - Determinants of intracardiac current in defibrillation. Experimental studies in dogs. PMID- 7273382 TI - Effects of quinidine on atrioventricular nodal reentrant paroxysmal tachycardia. AB - Electrophysiologic studies were performed in 14 patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant paroxysmal tachycardia (PSVT) before and after oral administration of 1.2-1.6 g quinidine sulfate over a 24-hour period (0.3-0.4 g every 6 hours). Studies were performed after 0.5-1 mg i.v. atropine before and after quinidine. All 14 patients had induction of sustained PSVT before quinidine, with or without atropine. After quinidine, 11 patients lost the ability to induce echoes or sustain PSVT, reflecting depression of the retrograde pathway with either absence of atrial echoes (six patients) or induction of nonsustained PSVT, with termination of echoes or PSVT occurring after QRS (block in retrograde pathway) (five patients). In only one of these 11 patients was sustained PSVT inducible after addition of atropine. All 11 were discharged on the same dose of quinidine. In three patients, quinidine was discontinued because of side effects. Follow-up in the remaining eight patients for 8 +/- 2 months showed no recurrence of sustained PSVT. Three of the 14 patients had induction of sustained PSVT after quinidine. Ventricular paced cycle length producing ventriculoatrial block was 314 +/- 7 msec (mean +/- SEM) before and 392 +/- 13 msec after quinidine (p less than 0.01) in the 14 patients, suggesting depression of the retrograde pathway with quinidine. In summary, quinidine inhibited induction of sustained atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia with depression of the retrograde pathway. It is very effective in preventing recurrence of PSVT in most patients. PMID- 7273383 TI - Role of autonomic regulatory mechanism in sinoatrial conduction and sinus node automaticity in sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 7273384 TI - His-ventricular dissociation in a patient with reciprocating tachycardia and a nodoventricular bypass tract. AB - A patient with recurrent bouts of atrial fibrillation and wide-complex regular tachycardia underwent electrophysiologic studies. Premature atrial stimulation or atrial pacing during sinus rhythm resulted in gradual lengthening of the PR and AH intervals, narrowing of the HV interval and progressive preexcitation with a left bundle branch block and left-axis contour. Induction of tachycardia was dependent on critical delay in the atrioventricular interval and was associated with attainment of a maximal preexcitation pattern. During tachycardia, the ventriculoatrial interval was constant, whereas the interval from His bundle deflection to the ventricular complex was variable. We postulate that the tachycardia circuit involved reciprocation within the atrioventricular node and that a nodoventricular bypass tract was present in close anatomic or functional association with the slow atrioventricular nodal pathway. Our data suggest that both the nodoventricular bypass tract and the His-Purkinje system may be passive "bystanders" rather than essential components of the tachycardia circuit. In addition, although HV dissociation usually implies ventricular tachycardia, this case demonstrates that HV dissociation during wide-complex regular tachyarrhythmia is not diagnostic of ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7273385 TI - Congenital coronary artery obstruction associated with aortic anomalies in children: report of two cases. AB - Coronary arterial obstruction associated with congenital aortic valve disease is rare in children. We studied two children with aortic valve disease and symptoms of coronary insufficiency. Cineangiography revealed localized obstruction of the proximal left coronary artery. In one patient, a membrane-like structure partially covered the left sinus of Valsalva, almost isolating the ostium of the left coronary artery; the other patient had severe stenosis of the proximal left coronary artery and a congenitally hypoplastic left coronary cusp. Surgical repair was successful in both cases. Symptoms of myocardial ischemia in children with aortic valve disease should be investigated promptly to exclude obstruction of the coronary arteries. PMID- 7273386 TI - Reproducibility of exercise testing. PMID- 7273387 TI - Sulfinpyrazone, mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7273388 TI - The human sinus node electrogram. PMID- 7273389 TI - Angulated views in cineangiography. PMID- 7273390 TI - Information content. PMID- 7273392 TI - Double primary carcinoma of large bowel and breast. PMID- 7273391 TI - Early identification of individuals at increased risk for cancer of the large intestine. Part I: definition of high risk populations. PMID- 7273393 TI - Science, humanism and the Phase I trial. PMID- 7273394 TI - Proteins of human semen. I. Two-dimensional mapping of human seminal fluid. AB - The proteins in human seminal plasma were mapped by high-resolution two dimensional electrophoresis (ISO-DALT and BASO-DALT systems). When analyzed under dissociating conditions, samples from normal fertile males revealed a pattern of over 200 proteins, ranging in mass from 10 000 to 100 000 daltons. Comparison of the mapped proteins from these males and those who had undergone vasectomy allowed us to identify one series of glycoproteins as missing from the semen from vasectomized individuals. Glycoproteins isolated by affinity chromatography with use of concanavalin A were also mapped. Some of the protein spots were identified either by co-electrophoresis with purified proteins or by the electrophoretic transfer of proteins to nitrocellulose sheets and subsequent detection by immunological procedures. The proteins identified include a number of serum proteins as well as prostatic acid phosphatase and creatine kinase. Proteolytic events shown to occur during the liquefaction of semen that occurs early after collection indicate the importance of carefully controlled collection and preparation methods for clinical evaluation of seminal plasma. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride inhibit this proteolysis. PMID- 7273395 TI - Immunological studies of ribonuclease C from human urine. AB - Antiserum to human urinary RNase C [ribonuclease (pancreatic), EC 3.1.27.5], developed in rabbits, was used to characterize this enzyme through studies of inhibition of RNase C-catalyzed poly(C) hydrolysis and of competition in a RIA. By either assay, the antiserum failed to cross react with human urinary RNase U (EC 3.1.27.-) or bovine pancreatic RNase A (EC 3.1.27.5). RNase C is immunologically identical to the poly(C)-active RNase in various human sera, including samples obtained from normal individuals, patients with pancreatic carcinoma, pancreatitis, or other malignant and nonmalignant diseases. This conclusion is based on the finding of superimposable antibody dose-inhibition curves for poly(C) hydrolysis and parallel competition RIA curves for RNase C and the various sera. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.73; p less than 0.001) between concentrations of RNase C as determined by poly(C) hydrolysis and competition RIA in serum samples from 102 patients. Therefore, the latter technique provides al alternative method for measuring RNase C in sera. PMID- 7273396 TI - Liquid-chromatographic determination of cyclosporin A in blood and plasma. AB - We describe a liquid-chromatographic assay for cyclosporin A in blood and plasma. The method is sensitive enough to allow quantitation of the drug at concentrations observed clinically, is isocratic, required no derivatization, and takes only 10 min of analysis time. PMID- 7273398 TI - Immunochemiluminometric assay for hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - A novel "sandwich" immunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen monitored by chemiluminescence is described. The method involves use of an antibody-coated microtitration plate and requires 100 micro L of test specimen. The antigen binds to the antibody during the first 2-h incubation and, after an intermediate wash step, the sandwich is completed by 2-h incubation with antibody to antigen that has been labeled with an isoluminol derivative. A final wash step follows. A luminometer, built in-house, adds "microperoxidase" and peroxide, to initiate chemiluminescence, and provides automated readout at 10-s intervals. Results compare well in specificity and sensitivity with those of a comparison radioimmunoassay procedure. Within- and between-assay variability (CV) is 7 to 13% (n = 6). All reagents are stable at 4 degrees C for at least several months. Use of a non-radioisotopic label in this assay avoids the stability problems and inconvenience associated with radioactivity. PMID- 7273399 TI - Measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity: characterization and identification of an inactivator in 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. AB - An inactivator of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) in 2-amino-2-methyl-1 propanol is demonstrated and characterized. This time-dependent inactivation results from chelation of enzyme-bound Zn2+; it is reversed by addition of Zn2+ and, to a lesser extent, other divalent metal ions. Cu2+ is an effective spectral indicator and can be used to determine the presence and quantity of inactivator. Data obtained from enzyme inactivation, Cu2+ absorbance spectra, "high performance" liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy indicate that the inactivator is 5 amino-3-aza-2,2,5-trimethylhexanol. This compound, even in trace amounts (less than 0.05% on a molar basis), shown to inactivate alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7273400 TI - Jendrassik--Grof analysis for total and direct bilirubin in serum with a centrifugal analyzer. AB - Total bilirubin is determined here with a multipoint calibration approach and with use of Standard Reference Material No. 916 bilirubin from the National Bureau of Standards. The bilirubin calibration solutions prepared in solutions of Cohn Fraction V human albumin were stable for at least one year when stored at 80 degrees C. Studies for direct bilirubin analysis show that the serum sample should be preincubated with the HCI reagent before the diazo reagent is added to minimize the false reaction with unconjugated bilirubin. With a preincubation of 15 min and a reaction interval of 15 min a 250 mg/L unconjugated bilirubin standard gave only 1 mg of apparent conjugated bilirubin per liter. Day-to-day precision studies gave CVs of 3.3% at 12.4 mg/l, 2.1% at 41.2 mg/l, and 1.0% at 197.4 mg/L for total bilirubin and 1.6% at 61.2 mg/L for direct bilirubin, the latter based on a serum pool stored at -80 degrees C. Lipemic sera caused negligible errors. Hemolysis caused slightly larger errors for total bilirubin but much smaller errors for direct bilirubin when measured at 600 nm rather than 550 nm. Comparison of results with the Rotochem (y) to those with a manual Jendrassik--Grof method (x) for total bilirubin gave y = 0.9009x - 0.04 mg/L, Sy/x = 1.3 mg/L, r = 0.9987 when different calibrators were used for each method and y = 0.9813x - 2.9 mg/L, Sy/x = 1.5 mg/L, r = 0.9997 when the same calibrators were used. For direct-bilirubin comparisons, y = 1.2762x + 0.2 mg/L, Sy/x = 1.3 mg/L, r = 0.9926. PMID- 7273397 TI - Spectrophotometric and liquid-chromatographic studies of thymolphthalein monophosphate. Specifications for high-quality substrate for the measurement of prostatic acid phosphatase activity. AB - Fourteen lots of thymolphthalein monophosphate (TMP), disodium salt, obtained from 10 commercial suppliers were compared spectrophotometrically at 445 and 595 nm, liquid-chromatographically with monitoring at 254 nm, and enzymically by measurements of activity of prostatic acid phosphatase in human serum. Eight lots were classified as "unacceptable," six as "acceptable." Spectrophotometric testing revealed four lots with excessive thymolphthalein and three lots with grossly deficient amounts of TMP. In general, the chromatographic results paralleled those obtained by spectrophotometry, and both results correlated well with enzymic activity. Changing water content in this hygroscopic salt was a major problem, which resulted in great uncertainty as to the formula weight and therefore as to the moles of TMP actually taken. From these studies, specifications for high-quality TMP were determined. The critical importance of simultaneous enzymic activity measurements in comparisons with other "acceptable" lots in defining an adequate TMP substrate is stressed. Use of these specifications for selecting TMP for acid phosphatase activity measurements should improve intra- and inter-laboratory analytical performance. PMID- 7273401 TI - Radioimmunoassay for plasma thromboxane B2. AB - Platelet activity may play a major role in the acute phase of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. To assess such activity, an assay for plasma thromboxane B2, a prostaglandin metabolite unique to platelets, is needed. The radioimmunoassay described here is based on a nonequilibrium incubation followed by a solid-phase second-antibody separation of bound from free thromboxane B2. No prior purification is required. Values for 22 normal subjects averaged 39.0 (SD 24.6) ng/L. The thromboxane B2 concentration of a plasma sample was 20.3 ng/L as compared with 37 micrograms/L in the corresponding serum. Plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations before and after ingestion of aspirin differed significantly (p less than 0.025). The biological half-life of intravenously injected [3H]thromboxane B2 in rabbits was 20 min. At the end of 2 h, 85% of the label was accounted for in urine, 7% in liver, and 5% in lung. Our assay is simple, reproducible, sensitive, and specific. It can be used to reflect acute events involving platelet aggregation. PMID- 7273402 TI - Sedimentation of lung-derived phospholipid during low-speed centrifugation of amniotic fluid. AB - In most methods proposed for the assessment of fetal lung maturity, amniotic fluid is subjected to a preliminary low-speed centrifugation in an attempt to separate whole cells and cell debris from lung-derived surfactant phospholipid (lamellar body phospholipid). However, because lamellar body phospholipid is present in amniotic fluid in a membranous or particulate form, it is also partly sedimented by this procedure. The sedimentation of total phospholipid and lamellar body phospholipid by low-speed centrifugation has been quantitated for 49 samples of amniotic fluid from pregnancies of 30--41 weeks gestation. Isopycnic density-gradient centrifugation in a small air-driven ultracentrifuge was used to isolate lamellar body fractions from whole and centrifuged amniotic fluid. Centrifugation for 5 min at 1000 x g removed 0--70% of total phospholipid or lamellar body phospholipid, the mean values being 34 or 29%, respectively. There was an appreciable increase in lamellar body phospholipid relative to total phospholipid as a result of centrifugation in only 51% of the samples. In general, the effects of centrifugation were not related to gestational age of the fetus or the state of maturity of its lungs. PMID- 7273403 TI - Spectrophotometry of tissue thromboplastin in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - We describe a two-stage method for measuring thromboplastin in cerebrospinal fluid, based on the amidolytic determination of the generation rate of Factor Xa. We investigated the effect of variations in the duration of incubation, and in pH, temperature, and concentrations of calcium, buffer, and prothrombin complex (source of Factors VII and X). Optimal assay conditions are specified. The detection limit is 6 units/L and the results indicate an upper limit of normal of 14 units/L. The coefficients of variation were 7.7% within-day and 9.2--16.0% day to-day, depending on the concentration. PMID- 7273404 TI - Early (chemical) diagnosis of bacterial meningitis--cerebrospinal fluid glucose, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase compared. AB - Both lactate and lactate dehydrogenase are more sensitive as early indicators of bacterial meningitis than is glucose, and both appear to help differentiate aseptic from bacterial meningitis. In selected cases, lactate dehydrogenase may be more sensitive than lactate. We also give reference intervals for cerebrospinal fluid cell count, glucose, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7273405 TI - Determination of sodium with ion-selective electrodes. AB - The advent of ion-selective electrodes made possible the potentiometry of sodium in serum and plasma. These methods were based on dilution of serum, as done in flame photometry, and the results were identical. Analysis of whole blood precludes dilution and so "direct" potentiometry was developed. Results by this technique are variable but tend to compensate for the spurious hyponatremias found by the "indirect" dilution methods due to displacement of volume by lipids and protein. However, there is no unambiguous theoretical basis on which to choose between the various direct ion-selective-electrode techniques and instruments. As an alternative, I propose use of current indirect methods, with numerical correction for the shift in normal sodium values in the presence of abnormal lipid and (or) protein. A table was constructed for making such corrections. PMID- 7273406 TI - Automated determination of copper in undiluted serum by atomic absorption spectroscopy. AB - An injection method has been adapted for the determination of copper concentration in untreated, undiluted serum by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Serum, 50 or 100 microliter, is automatically injected by a commercial microprobe system into a plastic cone connected to the capillary tube of the burner, at a rate of 240 samples per hour. The required sample volume is considerably decreased, and sensitivity is increased 20- to 40-fold. After 500 measurements we observed no memory effects, carryover, or clogging of the burner. We discuss common difficulties with calibration standards due to viscosity and other physicochemical interferences, and suggest the use of pooled human serum as a secondary standard. Within-run CV was 1.8%, the day-to-day CV 2.2%. Comparison with a dilution method gave a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.98. PMID- 7273407 TI - Ferrozine iron and total iron-binding capacity method adapted to the ABA-100 Bichromatic Analyzer. AB - A sensitive method (Clin. Chem. 26: 327--331, 1980) for serum iron, in which the color reagent Ferrozine is used, is modified and adapted to the Abbott ABA-100 discrete analyzer. The standard curve is linear to at least 10 mg/L and the method showed day-to-day precision (CV) of 2.4% for a 1.03 mg/L sample (n = 63) and 1.9% for a 2.13 mg/L sample (n = 63). Lower values were obtained than with the modified continuous-flow technique of Giovanniello et al., but the correlation was good (r = 0.98). Bilirubin and copper do not interfere; hemoglobin and gross lipemia interfere only slightly. The total iron-binding capacity, based on Ramsay's method, was evaluated with regard to the effect of adding various amounts of magnesium carbonate. Results led us to use a ratio of approximately 180 mg of magnesium carbonate to each 5 micrograms of excess iron added. Day-to-day, the method for total iron-binding capacity gave a CV of 3.1% for a 2.55 mg/L sample, 2.8% for a 3.63 mg/L sample. PMID- 7273408 TI - Direct determination of plasma copper and zinc in infants by atomic absorption with discrete nebulization. AB - A new micromethod for the determination of copper and zinc is presented. Sample volumes can be as little as 10 (Cu) and 20 (Zn) microliter of plasma or serum, by using discrete (small sample volume) nebulization in place of conventional nebulization in place of conventional nebulization in atomic absorption spectrometry. The present method has slightly poorer precision than the conventional nebulization method, but has the advantages of requiring commercially available apparatus without any modification, involving simple sample preparation, and being time-saving. Results agree well with those by the trichloroacetic acid deproteinization method. In addition, this method is useful for pediatric samples, and we report reference intervals for full-term and premature infants, as well as adults. PMID- 7273409 TI - Long-term stability of a stabilized liquid quality-control serum. AB - To evaluate the long-term stability of a new liquid quality-control serum ("Decision", Beckman Instruments, Inc.) stabilized with ethylene glycol (330 mL/L), we analyzed it for 22 commonly measured analytes during storage at 2--8 degrees C for 24 days or -15 to -20 degrees C for 55 weeks. Three separate laboratories replicated the analyses, using various analytical methodologies. The data were subjected to linear regression analysis, regressing concentration on time. Analytes were considered unstable when the linear regression coefficient was unequal to zero with 95% or greater probability in all three laboratories. By this criterion all of the analytes were stable for at least 24 days when the control serum was stored at refrigerator temperature and for at least 55 weeks at freezer temperature. We conclude this material is a satisfactory substitute for existing lyophilized quality-control materials and offers certain advantages: stability, vial-to-vial uniformity, decreased waste, and eliminated reconstitution. PMID- 7273410 TI - Diagnosis of hemolytic disease by electrophoresis of erythrocyte lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes on cellulose acetate or Agarose. AB - We determined the LD-1/LD-2 isoenzyme ratio in hemolysates of erythrocytes by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and on agarose. A ratio exceeding 1.0 was found with the former but not the latter. Results were similar for in vitro models of hemolytic disorders. Using cellulose acetate electrophoresis, we determined the predictive value of data on total LD activity and of the LD-1/LD-2 ratio in diagnosis of hemolytic disease in 100 patients. The sensitivity of the "flipped" LD-1/LD-2 ratio was only 58%, the specificity was 93%, and the predictive value was 74% for diagnosis of hemolytic disease. A normal total LD activity is highly predictive (92%) for ruling at the presence of hemolytic disease. PMID- 7273411 TI - Quantitation of urinary uric acid by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. AB - The proposed isocratic liquid-chromatographic method for uric acid has good performance characteristics. Results by this procedure and by an enzymic method for uric acid correlated well (r = 0.986). Our method is inexpensive, rapid, and considerably simpler than other techniques for determining uric acid in urine. PMID- 7273412 TI - Evaluation of free thyroxin measurements in patients with non-thyroidal illnesses. AB - Sera from 51 euthyroid patients with various non-thyroidal illnesses were used for the evaluation of free thyroxin measurements by use of two commercially available radioimmunoassay kits. A derived value for the percentage of free thyroxin was then calculated as the ratio of the free and total thyroxin concentrations. Values for the percentage of free thyroxin as measured directly via equilibrium dialysis were compared with those derived from both the Corning Medical (r = 0.56) and the Clinical Assays (r = 0.85) kit procedures. The Clinical Assays procedure, in which a solid-phase "immunoextraction" is used, demonstrated a large dynamic range of response for this patient population, in contrast to the narrow response seen with the Corning Medical procedure. Results for euthyroid patients with significant systemic illness by the Clinical Assays procedure compared favorably with those by equilibrium dialysis. PMID- 7273413 TI - Anticoagulants interfere with analysis for furosemide in plasma. PMID- 7273414 TI - Radioimmunoassay kit for plasma aldosterone evaluated. PMID- 7273415 TI - Two-site immunoradiometric assay for serum ferritin altered by a change in solid phase support medium. PMID- 7273416 TI - Photographic enhancement of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid after cellulose acetate electrophoresis. PMID- 7273417 TI - More on the meaning of "blood-brain barrier". PMID- 7273418 TI - Evidence indirectly confirming that plasma glucose decreases on storage at -20 degrees C. PMID- 7273419 TI - Use of latex particles to simulate lipemic interferences. PMID- 7273420 TI - Influence of lyophilization on the inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity by inorganic phosphate. PMID- 7273421 TI - Precision of lamellar-body phospholipid determination in amniotic fluid? PMID- 7273422 TI - Nonlabile hemoglobin A1 estimated after sample preparation by ultrafiltration. PMID- 7273423 TI - Application of Hewlett-Packard calculator (Model 9815A) to NCCLS Documents PSEP 2,3,4: data analysis. PMID- 7273424 TI - Keeping a glucose analyzer free of bacterial contamination. PMID- 7273425 TI - High-density-lipoprotein phospholipids determined by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. PMID- 7273426 TI - Reye's syndrome in children under two years of age: significance of electroencephalographic observations. PMID- 7273427 TI - Subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics: a clinical electroencephalographic study. AB - A subacute form of encephalopathy was observed in 7 patients with a history of severe chronic alcoholism. These episodes lasted about 1 to 6 weeks and were characterized by epileptic seizures (grand mal, focal motor), prominent EEG abnormalities with focal features (slowing, spiking, "PLEDs") and neurological deficits such as hemianopsia or hemiparesis. These changes resolved with symptomatic (mainly anticonvulsive) treatment but recurrences occurred in 3 cases. The clinical picture does not fit any of the known CNS complications of chronic alcoholism and there seems to be no relationship to alcohol withdrawal. Impressive EEG abnormalities strongly differ from the mild abnormalities or normal tracings found in other CNS complications of alcoholism. The pathogenetic mechanisms are essentially obscure; vascular changes might play a contributory role in some of the cases. PMID- 7273428 TI - Alpha coma: a case report. PMID- 7273429 TI - Parathyroid epilepsy with continuous EEG abnormality. AB - A prolonged state of unresponsiveness associated with continuous, bilaterally synchronous sharp and slow wave discharges of unusually long duration in a 31 year old male with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism was described. Diagnosis was established by determination of blood calcium, inorganic phosphorus and the Ellsworth-Howard test. The EEG abnormalities resemble those of "petit mal status" as described by Lennox and suggest a "centrencephalic epileptic manifestation." PMID- 7273430 TI - Temporal lobe seizure presenting as "laryngospasm". PMID- 7273431 TI - Correlation studies on routine EEG examination and nocturnal sleep recordings in mentally retarded children. PMID- 7273432 TI - [Mass-screening program for congenital hypothyroidism in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273433 TI - [Cretinism--its mass-screening (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273434 TI - [Newborn screening for hypothyroidism--the evaluation of methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273435 TI - [Some problems on the screening of neonatal cretinism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273436 TI - [Transient infantile hyperthyrotropinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273437 TI - [Transient infantile hyperthyrotropinemia and its differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273438 TI - [Diagnostic procedure of neonatal hypothyroidism detected by a mass screening program (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273439 TI - [Problems in the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism detected by mass screening (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273440 TI - [Initial treatment of congenital hypothyroidism detected by mass-screening (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273441 TI - [The problems of treatment of neonatal cretinism detected by mass screening (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273442 TI - [A family of pseudohypoparathyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273443 TI - [Simultaneous determination of plasma 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 21 deoxycortisol and cortisol by 125I cortisol kit on congenital adrenal hyperplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273444 TI - [Clinical evaluation of C peptide kit "Shionogi (6951-s)" with special reference to the patients of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273445 TI - [Determination of serum triiodothyronine by SPAC T3 RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273446 TI - [Fundamental studies on measurement of ferritin by a radioimmunoassay kit "SPAC . Ferritin" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273447 TI - [Fundamental evaluation of myoglobin RIA kit "Eiken" and the values in sera of patients with myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273448 TI - [PTH radioimmunoassay-kit (CIS): fundamental studies and clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273449 TI - The ear deformities in mandibulofacial dysostosis (Treacher Collins syndrome). AB - Bilateral conductive deafness is common in mandibulofacial dysostosis with or without atresia of the external auditory meatus. This deafness is due to a wide range of deformities of the ossicular chain associated with a characteristic reduction in the size of the middle ear cavity. The attic and antrum are particularly affected and usually have a slit-like appearance on coronal section tomograms. The inner ear is essentially normal. The tomographic appearances of 44 ears from 22 patients with mandibulofacial dysostosis are described as well as the operative findings in 14. These were correlated with induced ear deformities in an animal model that had features characteristic of human mandibulofacial dysostosis. A review of the findings in the animal model suggests a very close correspondence with the human ear anomalies described at radiological investigation, operation and post-mortem examination. The lesions are largely symmetrical and this, with the characteristic slit attic, helps to differentiate mandibulofacial dysostosis from lesions with different aetiology but similar features such as facial microsomia. The prospects for surgical correction of the deafness in mandibulofacial dysostosis range from very good in mild cases with ossicular discontinuity, to poor where there is severe atresia. The importance of tomograms at an early age is stressed. PMID- 7273450 TI - Invasion of the carotid artery in tumours of the head and neck. PMID- 7273451 TI - Idiopathic malleus head fixation as a cause of a combined conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. AB - Osseous fixation of the malleus is discussed as a cause of combined conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. The characteristic clinical, audiological and histological findings, as well as the aetiology of 66 patients with an idiopathic fixation of the head of the malleus is described. Ninety-four per cent of these patients had a sensorineural component to their hearing loss far greater than the loss that could be attributed to presbyacusis. Idiopathic fixation of the head of the malleus was the second most common of the fixed malleus syndrome in the series of 168 ears operated on in the Ear Nose and Throat Department of the University of Tubingen between 1972 and 1977. The treatment of choice is to keep the ossicular chain intact. Reconstruction of the disrupted chain is preferred in patients with poorly pneumatized mastoids. Only 15% of the patients with idiopathic fixation showed a significant improvement in their bone-conduction after surgery. PMID- 7273452 TI - Surgical anatomy and pathology of the round window. AB - A study of the surgical anatomy and pathology of the round window was performed on a total of 292 serially sectioned temporal bones. The surgical approach to the round window is discussed with consideration of the anatomical findings. In the pathological study obliteration of the round window niche occurred as a congenital anomaly, in otosclerosis, chronic otitis media and as an end result in suppurative labyrinthitis. Clinical reports seem to indicate that obliteration of the window is associated with significant hearing loss, contrary to the findings in experimental animals. In chronic otitis media the round window is a pathway for spread of infection to the labyrinth, but also the finding of perilymphatic precipitates to the window in some ears suggests that certain inflammatory products may enter the scala tympani through the round window and so lead to high tone sensorineural hearing loss. PMID- 7273453 TI - Tissue reactions to glass ceramics in the middle ear. AB - The bioactive glass ceramic "Ceravital" was used to fashion prostheses for the replacement of various ossicles in the middle ear. They were tested in 70 rabbit ears, where they were accepted in osseous areas without formation of surrounding fibrous tissue. Histological examinations regularly showed an osseous bond with the surrounding bony tissue. Mucous membrane covered these ossicular chain prostheses and showed no evidence of inflammatory reactions. Glass ceramic implants were also used to reconstruct the ossicular chain and the posterior wall of the outer ear canal in 100 patients. The functional results were satisfactory in all cases. PMID- 7273454 TI - Surgeon's workshop: Eighteen-year report on stapedectomy. IV. Long-term functional results. AB - This is the last of a series of 4 articles detailing the history of 20893 stapedectomies over an 18-year period. In this fourth part, the authors study long-term functional results in relation to the type of stapedectomy, the importance of the cochlear involvement and the general pathology, mainly vascular. The come to the conclusion that good long-term functional results imply the necessity of combining a carefully performed stapedectomy using a living tissue graft, a strict audiometric surveillance and an adequate postoperative therapy, including (if necessary) an extensive fluoride therapy. PMID- 7273455 TI - Vertebro-basilar insufficiency and the ENT surgeon, with an approach to the giddy patient. PMID- 7273457 TI - Pregnancy in Bloom's syndrome. PMID- 7273456 TI - Variation in nucleolar organizer activity in lymphocytes of females with adenocarcinoma. AB - With the use of Ag staining and conventional light microscopy, a difference is visualized in the frequency of nucleolar organizer regions between PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from normal females and females with various types of adenocarcinoma. This difference in NOR activity is more pronounced in G chromosome than D chromosomes. It is feasible that rDNA gene activity in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes is augmented in patients with adenocarcinoma due to the presence of plasma mediators arising from cellular malignancies. The NOR regions located on G chromosomes are considered to be more sensitive to these mediators than those on D chromosomes. PMID- 7273458 TI - HLA profile and Reiter's syndrome. AB - The analysis of the clinical and HLA profiles of 99 patients with Reiter's syndrome is reported. Antigen HLA-B27, which has previously been firmly associated with Reiter's syndrome, predisposes patients to develop disease features which reflect articular involvement. The HLA haplotype A2, B27 was found to be at an elevated frequency in our Reiter's syndrome sample, and the latter two antigens are also associated with a general increase in disease severity. Conversely, antigen BW35 appears to be protective against certain features of the syndrome. Patients with certain antigenic profiles (namely A2 and A3 together with B27) tend to develop certain syndrome manifestations earlier in the course of the disease than those with other antigens. PMID- 7273459 TI - Increased frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities in families with a history of fetal wastage. AB - In twenty couples with a history of repeated fetal wastage, chromosomal abnormalities in cultured lymphocytes were analyzed with standard, G- and C banding techniques. The analyses revealed five individuals with a variant chromosome #1 (1 qh+) and one individual with an extra small unidentifiable fragment or ring chromosome in about 50% of the cells. In the remaining 14 couples, an increased frequency of chromosomal breakage was found, compared to the frequencies in 11 couples with two children and no reported abortions. Eighteen out of 40 individuals (45%) in the families with fetal wastage were found to have cytogenetic abnormalities. None of the 22 controls showed such abnormalities. PMID- 7273460 TI - Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome no. 5 in two unrelated children with congenital anomalies and mental retardation. AB - Two unrelated children with partial deletion of the long arm of a chromosome no. 5 are reported. The boy presented with severe hypotonia, developmental delay, and a few minor defects of the face including frontal bossing, antimongoloid slant of the palpebral fissures, depressed nasal bridge and bilateral epicanthal folds. With age, his hypotonia has improved. The parents have normal chromosomes; the mother has a 9qh+ variant. The second patient, a girl, presented at birth with multiple congenital anomalies including cleft palate, epicanthal folds, anteverted nostrils, horseshoe kidneys and club feet. At 4 years of age, she was small and severely retarded. The normal parents and the normal sister showed no chromosomal abnormalities. Gene mapping studies in both patients failed to define a specific gene locus to the deleted chromosome regions. Including these two patients, there appear to be only three reported cases of patients with 5q deletion. A comparative description of the third patient is included in this report. There are some clinical similarities but these are inadequate to identify a clinical syndrome. This perhaps is explained by some quantitative and qualitative differences in the deletions. PMID- 7273461 TI - An XXXY boy with X/XY half-sister. AB - The clinical findings in a 13-year-old 48,XXXY boy are described. His half-sister (same mother) has a 45,X/XY karyotype. The Xga blood studies are compatible with his extra X's originating from the mother. These Xga studies and the IgM levels in the 48,XXXY boy raise the possibility of a gene-dosage effect for X-linked genes affecting these traits. The proband also has chronic pulmonary problems, an interesting association that has been noted with the Klinefelter syndrome, usually in adults. PMID- 7273462 TI - Klinefelter's syndrome with a 47,XXY, inv (12) (q15q24) karyotype. PMID- 7273463 TI - Orbital cyst in addition to congenital cerebral and focal dermal malformations: a new entity? PMID- 7273464 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of campomelic dwarfism. PMID- 7273465 TI - Trisomy 6qter. AB - A previously reported patient with trisomy for the distal part of 6q was shown by R-banding to be trisomic for 6q26qter, due to a t(6;22)(q26;p12) mat. Altogether nine patients with 6qter trisomy have been reported. The main features of the 6qter trisomy syndrome are: severe mental and growth retardation; acrocephaly and brachycephaly; a carp-shaped mouth; micrognathia; a very short neck with unusual anterior webbing; joint contractures; the absence of severe inner organ malformations; and survival into adulthood. PMID- 7273466 TI - Normal Hageman factor level in 7q deletion syndrome. PMID- 7273467 TI - Sjogren-Larsson syndrome in Sweden. A clinical, genetic and epidemiological study. AB - Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS), originally described in Sweden, has been studied in a countrywide survey. A total of 58 SLS patients in 41 families were traced, 35 of them still alive. Thirty patients, 23 alive and seven deceased, have not been reported earlier. The mean incidences per 100,000 in the years 1901-1977 were 0.6 in the whole of Sweden, 10.2 in the county of Vasterbotten and 2.7 per 100,000 in the county of Norrbotten. In the above-mentioned areas, the prevalence figures of SLS on 31st December 1978 were estimated to be 0.4, 8.3 and 2.6 per 100,000 persons, the frequencies of SLS gene carriers 0.5, 2.0 and 1.0%, and the gene frequencies 0.002, 0.010 and 0.005, respectively. Of the 58 identified Swedish SLS patients, 45 were born in a restricted area in the northeast of Sweden. PMID- 7273468 TI - Turner's syndrome and 45,XO/46,X,del(X)(p11p22) karyotype. PMID- 7273469 TI - Venous thromboembolic disease in Klinefelter's syndrome. AB - In a series of 412 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome observed over periods ranging from 1 to 20 years, the frequency of hypostatic ulceration, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was found to be raised. The prevalence of past or present hypostatic ulceration was 6%, which is 20-50 times higher than in the general population. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis in subjects aged between 30 and 70 years was 22.8 cases per 10,000 patient-years at risk. In community studies the incidence of this condition is around 4 new cases per 10,000 men per year. The frequency of pulmonary embolism was 16 cases per 10,000 patient-years at risk, compared with an expected figure of 0.9 to 3 cases per 10,000 men per year. PMID- 7273470 TI - 45,X constitution in a H-Y antigen positive boy with partial monosomy 5p. PMID- 7273472 TI - The logic of dermatological diagnosis. Dowling oration 1980. PMID- 7273471 TI - ECG conduction disturbance in the first-degree relatives of children with ventricular septal defect. AB - A detailed cardiological examination was made in the first-degree relatives of 94 index patients with ventricular septal defect and in 94 matched control cases. Incomplete or suspect right bundle branch blocks were found in 18.3% and in 4.1%, respectively, of first-degree relatives of index and control groups. The difference is highly significant. These intraventricular conduction disturbances may be subthreshold signs of septal defects. PMID- 7273474 TI - The Bazex syndrome: follicular atrophoderma with multiple basal cell carcinomas, hypotrichosis and hypohidrosis. PMID- 7273473 TI - Basal cell carcinoma complicating naevus sebaceus. PMID- 7273475 TI - Concurrence of urticaria pigmentosa and polycythaemia rubra vera. PMID- 7273476 TI - A case of melorheostosis with associated linear cutaneous vascular malformation. PMID- 7273477 TI - Significance of steroid measurements in male pattern alopecia. PMID- 7273478 TI - Mycosis fungoides: a morphological study. PMID- 7273479 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen circulating immune complexes (HBsAg-CICs) in patients with hepatitis B and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. AB - The PEG-trypsinization assay detected HBsAg-CICs in 31 out of 44 (70%) patients with acute hepatitis B, in five out of 107 (5%) asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and, in addition, in both patients with HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease. A close correlation between the levels of HBsAg-CICs and disease activity was observed. The clinical course, parameters of liver function tests and outcome of the disease in patients without HBsAg-CICs (group A) and in patients with transient HBsAg-CICs (group B) were essentially similar. In contrast, patients with persistent HBsAg-CICs (group C) had a poor prognosis, particularly those who received corticosteroids. The method appeared to be a valuable tool in monitoring disease activity and prognosis, and in evaluating the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment. The role of HBsAg-CICs in the pathogenesis of liver damage and clearance of circulating HBsAg is discussed. PMID- 7273480 TI - Complement-inhibiting and anti-inflammatory properties of chlorazole fast pink 2BL. AB - Chlorazole fast pink 2BL inhibited the classical complement pathway in rat serum both in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro potency of chlorazole fast pink against the alternative pathway could not be assessed accurately but it was clearly less than that against the classical pathway. The compound appears to bind strongly to albumin with a resulting decrease in potency in undiluted as compared to diluted serum. Anti-inflammatory activity was observed in models of inflammation known to be highly complement-dependent (direct passive Arthus, zymosan oedema) but not in models in which complement is not involved (dextran oedema) or plays a minor role (carrageenan oedema). PMID- 7273482 TI - Lymphocytotoxins in infectious mononucleosis: a non-cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes at 37 degrees C and the influence of cell metabolism on their cytotoxicity in vitro. PMID- 7273481 TI - Experimental nephrosis: interassociation of proteinuria with impaired lymphocyte blastogenesis. AB - The drug puromycin aminonucleoside (PA), used to induce an experimental nephrosis in rats, inhibited the blastogenic response of normal rat spleen cells when cultured in vitro with autologous or heterologous serum. Only at final PA concentrations of less than 5 microgram/ml did PHA induce normal blastogenesis. When PA was unilaterally perfused through the rat kidney a nephrosis developed, characterized by massive proteinuria. Microscopically, the foot process fusion and mesangial cell increase were similar to that seen in human steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome. Once proteinuria had developed, there was marked suppression of the lymphocyte blastogenic response of the nephrotic rat spleen cells when cultured in autologous sera. Neither proteinuria nor inhibited blastogenesis was found in animals perfused with a buffered salt solution. Animals which were perfused with PA, nephrectomized 2 days after perfusion, and did not show proteinuria, had suppressed lymphocyte blastogenesis after stimulation with PHA. However, the degree of stimulation by the spleen cells of these animals was similar to that from control perfused and nephrectomized animals. Therefore, the aberration in lymphocyte response was consistent with the development of the nephrosis and proteinuria. PMID- 7273483 TI - Analysis of the peanut agglutinin-binding site as a differentiation marker of normal and malignant human lymphoid cells. AB - The lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA), which interacts specifically with D galactosyl residues, was studied for its binding to human normal and malignant lymphoid cells at various stages of differentiation. As previously reported, PNA binds to thymocytes; however, it does not interact with the prothymocytes which precede the cortical thymocyte differentiation stage. No mature peripheral cells in any of the lymphoid organs bind PNA. In contrast to the normal T differentiation pathway, the expression of the PNA-binding site does not seem to coincide with that of T cell characteristics in the various malignant lymphoid cells studied. We therefore conclude that more information is needed about the nature of the PNA-binding site before it can be used as a differentiation marker in malignant lymphoid cells. PMID- 7273484 TI - A comparative study of lysosomal enzyme activity in monocytes and Kupffer cells isolated simultaneously in a rat model of liver injury. AB - Macrophages have been isolated and cultured in vitro from normal rat livers and from livers into which macrophages have been recruited in vivo, following an intravenous injection of killed Corynebacterium parvum. Simultaneously, peripheral blood monocytes have been isolated and cultured in vitro. After 24 hr in culture, supernatants and cell lysates were harvested and the activity of a lysosomal enzyme, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), measured. NAG activity in the cell lysates of the recruited tissue macrophages was significantly higher than that measured in control tissue macrophages. Increased NAG activity was also observed in the supernatants from the recruited macrophages. In contrast, the NAG activity in cell lysates and supernatants of peripheral monocytes was not significantly changed after C. parvum injection. In this animal model, measurement of a lysosomal enzyme produced by peripheral monocytes did not reflect the magnitude of the changes observed for the tissue macrophages. PMID- 7273485 TI - Relation of monocyte and neutrophil oxidative metabolism to skin and oral lesions in carriers of chronic granulomatous disease. AB - Out of fifteen carriers of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease five had discoid lupus erythematosus-like skin lesions together with recurrent aphthous like stomatitis, another five had only recurrent aphthous-like stomatitis, and the remainder were symptom-free. In individual carriers monocytes and neutrophils were equally reduced in their capacity for superoxide production, [1-14C]glucose oxidation and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity; but within he group of carriers a broad spectrum of depression was found. The degree of depression was closely related to the manifestations of clinical disease. It is suggested that the defective oxygen-dependent metabolism might play an aetiological role in the development of inflammatory diseases in carriers of chronic granulomatous disease. Two out of 10 unselected females with discoid lupus erythematosus were shown to be carriers of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. Screening for this carrier state might therefore be of importance in these patients. PMID- 7273486 TI - Immunologic enhancement of collagen accumulation in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). PMID- 7273488 TI - The effects of three different heparin regimes on heparin concentrations in plasma and fibrin formation in dialyzers. AB - Anticoagulation effects were studied during a 4-hr hemodialysis in 6 patients using 3 different heparin regimens: I. Intravenous loading dose only; II. priming of the dialyzer and continuous infusion of heparin for 2 hr; III. intravenous loading dose and continuous infusion of heparin based on anticoagulation kinetics. In all regimens the difference of fibrinopeptide A (delta FPA) between the blood inlet and outlet of the dialyzers increased at the end of the dialyses, indicating increased fibrin formation. There was a good correlation between delta FPA and the fibrin deposition on the membranes measured with I-125-fibrinogen. delta FPA increased when heparin concentration in plasma was less than 0.5 IU/ml. The anticoagulation kinetic regimen offered no advantage over the single loading dose regimen with regard to the formation and deposition of fibrin in the dialyzers. PMID- 7273489 TI - Distal renal tubular acidosis in hepatic cirrhosis: clinical and pathogenetic study. AB - The mechanism of the renal tubular acidosis (RTA) occurring in patients with hepatic cirrhosis remains uncertain although it has been suggested that renal and intrarenal hemodynamic alterations could play a role in its pathogenesis. To verify this hypothesis, renal acidification was studied with an intravenous acid load of arginine hydrochloride in 51 patients with cirrhosis due to various causes. In 22 patients renal and intrarenal blood flow was also measured using the 133-Xe washout technique. RTA was found in 17 of 51 patients (33%) with the greatest incidence in alcoholic cirrhosis. The tubular defect did not appear related either to the degree of liver functional impairment or to the renal and intrarenal hemodynamic alterations. PMID- 7273487 TI - Kinetics of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with four exchanges per day. AB - Fourteen patients who had no signs of peritonitis were studied during CAPD. Different exchange time schedules were used alternating exchanges with 1.5% and 2.6% glucose solutions. Usually longer exchanges followed shorter ones and vice versa. Total exchange time varied from 2--10 hours. Maximal ultrafiltration volumes were observed after 3 hours with 1.5% and 5 hours wit 2.6% glucose solutions. For small molecular weight solutes (urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and phosphate) dialyzate to plasma concentration ratios tended to be lower with 2.6% glucose solutions during the shorter exchanges. Equilibrium between plasma and dialyzate was attained for all these solutes by 10 hours total exchange time. The concentration ratios for inulin were similar with both types of solution, and did not achieve equilibrium by 10 hours. Protein concentrations and losses were higher with 2.6% glucose solution. Total protein and immunoglobulin losses per 24 hours were markedly lower than those reported for intermittent peritoneal dialysis. White blood cell counts increased slightly up to 5 hours and then remained constant up to 10 hours. Mononuclear cell counts were consistently higher than those of granulocytes. The efficiency of dialysis was not markedly influenced by uneven distribution of total exchange time. If 1.5% and 2.6% glucose solutions were used for particular time schedules, slightly higher dialysis efficiency could be obtained by using hyperosmolar solutions for the longer exchanges. Ultrafiltration volumes, protein and immunoglobulin losses, cell counts in dialyzate, and clearance of inulin varied among individual patients. Protein losses correlated positively with serum protein concentration and the body surface area of the patient. Clearances of insulin also correlated with body surface area but ultrafiltration volumes did not. PMID- 7273490 TI - Phenytoin in the treatment of IgA mesengial glomerulonephritis (Berger's disease) PMID- 7273491 TI - Acid-base balance on peritoneal dialysis. AB - Forty studies of acid-base balance during intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) and during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were performed on 20 patients who were receiving IPD with acetate buffer (5 patients), IPD with lactate buffer (5 patients), CAPD with acetate buffer (5 patients) and CAPD with lactate buffer (5 patients). Measurements of acetate, lactate and pyruvate levels in blood and dialyzate were taken at different times during dialysis; blood samples for blood gas analysis were drawn at the same times. Calculations of the kinetics of acetate, lactate and bicarbonate during IPD and CAPD were carried out according to the method of Tolchin [1977] but modified for PD. Thus it was possible to quantify the balance of the buffers, their mass transfer rates, bicarbonate generation and the percentage of buffer converted to HCO3. IPD kinetics of acetate and lactate were found to be similar, the main difference being a lower and significant percentage conversion of lactate to bicarbonate (45%) compared to that of acetate to bicarbonate (71%) (P < 0.005). On CAPD the kinetics of the two buffers was quite different: while the serum lactate level was always low (mean 0.97 +/- 0.33 mM/l), the acetate level was always high (mean 5.12 +/- 3.34 mM/l). Thus the utilization of the two buffers during "acute intermittent" treatment (IPD) and "continuous" treatment (CAPD) is different. On IPD there are no important differences between the two buffers, whilst on CAPD lactate seems to be better and safer than acetate; for instance, serum HCO3 values are relatively constant with lactate (27.7 +/- 2.13 mM/l) while with acetate there is a trend to exceed physiological values (29.5 +/- 1.7 mM/l). When acetate is used in the dialyzate for CAPD the concentration must be less than 38.5 mM/l. PMID- 7273492 TI - The long-term outcome of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. AB - Thirty-five consecutive patients with renal biopsy appearances of idiopathic membranous nephropathy, who were initially studied between 1960 and 1969, were reevaluated in 1979 to determine (a) the long-term outcome of idiopathic membranous nephropathy, and (b) whether any clinical or biopsy features at onset would permit prediction of long-term outcome. After fifteen years, actuarial analysis showed that approximately half the patients would be in remission; the rest dead or on dialysis/transplantation programs. Entry into renal failure, in those who ran this course, started at three years after diagnosis and continued steadily for at least another ten years. Likewise, remission was seen as early as one year from onset, but patients were still going into remission after thirteen years of proteinuria. No feature in the glomeruli predicted outcome, but interstitial and vascular changes were seen more frequently in those whose disease persisted or worsened. No onset feature predicted a poor outcome reliably, but younger patients did better than older, and all three children with initial macroscopic hematuria went into remission. PMID- 7273493 TI - Chronic plasma exchange therapy in SLE nephritis. AB - Eight patients who met the clinical, immunological and renal morphologic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus with diffuse proliferative nephritis were plasma exchanged on a monthly basis for a total of 119 months. Renal function, episodes of disease activity, hospitalizations, frequency of immunological abnormalities, and monthly quantity of steroid and azathioprine therapy were compared with their course up to one year prior to the onset of the plasma exchange program. The changes noted in these parameters indicate that chronic plasma exchange therapy is safe, may be beneficial and requires controlled prospective study to determine the role in the treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7273494 TI - The effect of minimal exercise on the blood lactate in azotemic subjects. AB - Forty-one subjects, including 16 non-azotemic and 25 azotemic individuals, were studied during minimal exercise walking on a treadmill. Blood lactate levels rose dramatically in those with renal failure (maximum 2.05 +/- 1.22 mM/l above resting levels) but not in those who were not azotemic (0.25 +/- 0.22 mM/l above resting levels). Blood lactate/pyruvate ratios also increased in azotemic subjects (from 11.2 at rest to 21.0 after 10 minutes of minimal activity) as compared with non-azotemic controls (from 10.9 at rest to 9.8 after 10 minutes of minimal exercise). These findings suggest an abnormality in the muscle handling of lactate during exercise in individuals with renal failure. The abnormality may pose a problem in the rehabilitation of individuals with renal failure. PMID- 7273495 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intraperitoneal cefuroxime in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime sodium, a parenteral beta-lactam antibiotic, were investigated in 9 patients during peritoneal dialysis. In 6 patients cefuroxime 500 mg was administered intravenously. Mean plasma levels of cefuroxime thereafter fell from 28.0 +/- 5.0 mg/l at 1 hr to 6.0 +/- 1.6 mg/l at 24 hr. Mean peak levels 4.6 +/- 1.9 mg/l in peritoneal effluent were found 7 hr after dosing and clearance of the drug by peritoneal dialysis averaged 4.7 ml/min. There was no evidence of net tubular secretion or of increased non-renal elimination. In 5 patients, the administration of cefuroxime, 100 mg/2 l dialyzate, in each cycle of dialysis maintained mean cefuroxime levels of 25.4 +/ 13 mg/l in the dialysis effluent. An average of 44% of the dose was not recovered in the effluent, and was presumably absorbed by the patient, and mean plasma levels of cefuroxime increased from 1.1 +/- 0.4 mg/l at 1 hr to 14.0 +/- 8.1 mg/l at 24 hr. If cefuroxime is used to treat peritoneal infections associated with peritoneal dialysis it should be given by both intraperitoneal and intravenous routes and followed up with parenteral therapy alone. PMID- 7273496 TI - Recurrent proteinuria in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia complicated by the nephrotic syndrome (due to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis) is reported. There was complete remission of the proteinuria on two occasions in response to treatment of the leukemia. Possible etiological mechanisms are discussed and review of the literature is presented. PMID- 7273497 TI - Plasma inorganic sulfate in children with chronic renal failure. AB - Plasma sulfate concentration (SO4) was determined in 38 non-dialyzed children with chronic kidney disease and compared to inulin clearance and to other parameters of renal function. SO4 was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Plasma SO4 was inversely correlated with GFR and effective renal plasma flow. Positive correlations were found between plasma SO4, BUN, serum creatinine and serum phosphate levels. The highest levels of plasma SO4 were observed in 15 children undergoing regular dialysis. It is suggested that sulfate retention might be involved in the pathogenesis of uremic acidosis and bone disease. PMID- 7273498 TI - Myocardial injury and CK-MB release during aortic valve surgery with selective coronary perfusion. AB - The postoperative serum activity of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) was studied in 25 patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement (Bjork-Shiley prosthesis). Hypothermia at 30 degrees C and selective coronary perfusion (CP) were used for myocardial protection. Repeated electrocardiograms revealed no signs of perioperative myocardial infarction. In all patients, CK-MB was detected in the serum. The CK-MB as a percentage of total CK at peak CK-MB [12 +/- 1 (mean +/- SEM)] was of the same magnitude as that found in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Peak CK-MB occurred 2 +/- 0 h after the end of surgery. Peak total CK occurred after 17 +/- 3 h, and the plasma half-life for total CK was three times that of CK-MB. Thus, the kinetics of serum CK differed from those in AMI, but were similar to those reported after coronary bypass operations. The release of CK-MB, as well as of asparatate aminotransferase and thermostable lactate dehydrogenase, was related to the duration of aortic cross-clamping (AC), with a marked increase after 90 min. In two subgroups with similar AC time, postoperative CK-MB activity was higher in the subgroup with longer CP, indicating that CP as a method of myocardial protection may be entirely beneficial. PMID- 7273500 TI - Predictors of ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest in patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction. AB - A community-wide study of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction in metropolitan Baltimore was conducted to examine socio-demographic and clinical characteristics in association with ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest (VF/CA). Multivariate analyses revealed that variables significantly associated with occurrence of VF/CA included older age (60 years or older), male sex, and a history of cigarette smoking. These factors allow the identification of subgroups of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction at high risk for the subsequent development of VF/CA, in whom prophylactic therapy and close surveillance are especially recommended. PMID- 7273499 TI - Effects of oral hydralazine on rest and exercise hemodynamics in patients with aortic or mitral regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction. AB - The hemodynamic effects of afterload reduction were studied at rest and during two levels of upright exercise in patients with aortic or mitral regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction. Eleven patients underwent invasive hemodynamic monitoring before and after 50-70 mg of oral hydralazine was given ever 6 h for 48 h. At rest, heart rate and mean arterial pressure after hydralazine were unchanged from control. During exercise, there was no significant change in heart rate, but mean arterial pressure fell significantly during the first level of exercise. Systemic vascular resistance was elevated before hydralazine and was significantly reduced after treatment at both exercise levels. After hydralazine, the resting oxygen consumption was significantly elevated at rest but was unchanged during exercise, the arteriovenous oxygen difference was significantly narrowed at both rest and exercise, and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was also significantly lower at both rest and exercise. In this select group of patients who are not candidates for surgical valve replacement, chronic afterload reduction with oral hydralazine may result in increased cardiac performance, decreased pulmonary congestion, reduced myocardial oxygen demands, and improvement in resting and/or exertional symptoms. PMID- 7273501 TI - PISA: a noninvasive method in detection and quantification of acid-induced myocardial infarction in dogs. AB - Phase invariant signature algorithm (PISA), a new noninvasive technique, was used in the detection and quantification of acid-induced myocardial damage in anesthetized dogs. The diagnostic capabilities of this method were compared with those of conventional electrocardiogram and biochemical markers, MB-creatine phosphokinase (MB-CPK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH1). Myocardial damage of varying degree was induced by injecting diluted sulphuric acid (0.01 to 0.10 ml) into the free wall of the left ventricle. Conventional ECG, wideband ECG for PISA analysis, blood samples for LDH1, and MB-CPK were taken before and after 15, 30, 60, and 90 min of acid injection. The heart was removed at the end of 90 min for estimation of myocardial damage. PISA Index increased within 10-15 min of acid injection and remained elevated for the duration of the experiment (90 min). The increase in the PISA index was directly related to the extent of myocardial damage and the amount of acid injected. Although the conventional electrocardiogram detected large myocardial damage, it was unable to detect small myocardial damage. Also, most of initial change in conventional ECG with large myocardial damage disappeared within 90 min, while the PISA index was still elevated to the maximum level. The MB-CPK was not detected before or after myocardial damage. There was no significant change in the LDH1 at any time after myocardial infarction. These results suggest that the PISA technique is superior to the conventional ECG and the biochemical markers and would be a valuable diagnostic tool in the detection and quantification of incipient as well as advanced myocardial infarction. PMID- 7273502 TI - Large Mobile pedunculated left ventricular thrombus: identification by two dimensional echocardiography. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography has permitted the noninvasive detection and determination of the course of the natural history of left ventricular thrombus. In this report we cite an illustrative case of the development of a large pedunculated mobile left ventricular thrombus in the setting of idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy. A fatal cerebral embolization occurred despite full dose intravenous anticoagulation before left ventricular thrombectomy could be performed. The presence of a large mobile pedunculated left ventricular thrombus in the setting of embolization and adequate anticoagulation may require surgical intervention. PMID- 7273503 TI - Prinzmetal's variant angina induced only by alcohol ingestion. AB - Prinzmetal's variant agina occurred in a 52-year-old man 10-11 h after the ingestion of alcohol, when blood levels of alcohol decreased almost to the zero level. Coronary arteriograms revealed significant narrowing in the left circumflex artery and the left anterior descending artery and minimal wall irregularity in the right coronary artery; however, both exercise and pharmacologic stress tests were negative. A withdrawal from an acute exposure to alcohol was discussed as a possible causative mechanism of the alcohol-induced Prinzmetal's variant angina in this case. PMID- 7273505 TI - Tuberculosis: a review for clinicians. PMID- 7273506 TI - Classification of the osteochondroses. PMID- 7273507 TI - Ipsilateral supracondylar femur fractures following knee arthroplasty. AB - A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the treatment of five patients with prosthetic knee arthroplasty who sustained a supracondylar femoral fracture of the ipsilateral side. Four of the patients were initially treated by plaster immobilization or traction. Two of the four showed no signs of healing at three months postfracture and had to have open reduction and internal fixation. The fifth patient had primary open reduction and internal fixation. The three patients who were treated surgically regained their prefracture knee rating score. The two who were treated nonoperatively for their fracture had a significant loss in limb function and failed to regain their prefracture knee rating score. Open reduction and internal fixation of these fractures achieves the best results despite the complicating factors of in situ prosthetic components. PMID- 7273504 TI - Thoracic mass in an asymptomatic aviator. PMID- 7273509 TI - Endoscopic lateral retinacular release: a preliminary report. AB - Thirty-nine knees with lateral subluxation syndrome of the patellofemoral joint were analyzed after 18 months of follow-up examinations. Based on subjective criteria, the results of lateral release by endoscopic technique compared favorably with other methods of treatment of patellofemoral malalignment. Excellent ratings based on the complete absence of symptoms and return to full activity were obtained in 19 knees (48.7%). Thirteen knees (33.3%) were improved with a subjective rating of 6.8 on a scale of ten; seven knees (18.0%) were rated poor with no improvement in symptoms or levels of physical activity. PMID- 7273508 TI - Delayed deep wound sepsis five years after hip-nailing: A case report. AB - A 66-year-old man developed infection in the lower margins of Hunter's canal five years after operation for an intracapsular hip fracture. The infection readily responded to removal of the foreign body, debridement of the abscess, and treatment with appropriate antibiotics. The sinogram was valuable in delineating the path and source of the infectious process. PMID- 7273510 TI - A new conservative treatment of Osgood-Schlatter disease. PMID- 7273511 TI - Total elbow arthroplasty: a clinical review of 30 cases employing the Mayo and AHSC prostheses. AB - Chronic synovitis of the elbow in rheumatoid arthritics that has not responded to four to six months of optimal nonoperative management should be treated by synovectomy even in the absence of significant intra-articular X-ray changes. When intra-articular damage is significant, an arthroplasty will not only relieve the pain, but may also provide a satisfactory range of motion. It is necessary to consider all the possible complications and the fact that technically, total elbow arthroplasty is a difficult operation to perform. Because of the potential for loosening, one might consider using an unconstrained device in the patient with adequate bone structure, reserving the semiconstrained devices for elbows with disintegrated bone tissues. The constrained prostheses should be used only for the most severely disorganized and unstable elbows. PMID- 7273512 TI - Late rupture of one slip on the floor digitorum superficialis: an unusual cause of triggering. AB - A 55-year-old farmer presented with a trigger finger eight weeks after an apparently benign laceration of the palm. Rupture of one slip of the flexor digitorum superficialis with herniation over the proximal pulley was found at open operation. Excision of the proximal slip solved the problem and there was no recurrence. PMID- 7273513 TI - Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: a report of 17 cases. AB - Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare, almost uniformally lethal variant of chondrosarcoma which has been regarded as resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Seventeen cases are reported; 14 are dead of tumor or still alive with disease; eight of the 14 died less than one year after treatment, predominately of distant metastatic disease. This confirms previous reports of the highly aggressive nature of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Although surgery is regarded as the major method of treating the primary disease, it has limitations because many tumors cannot be adequately removed owing to location or extension to unresectable sites. It was found that such tumors respond to irradiation and that a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be used in unresectable tumors or those resected with inadequate margins. Adjuvant chemotherapy is advised in all cases treated with radical surgical excision. Unfavorable prognostic factors in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma are pain as a presenting symptom and a central rather than a peripheral limb location. PMID- 7273515 TI - Transverse fractures of the patella. AB - A technique termed longitudinal anterior band with or without cerclage (LAB/C) is recommended for internal fixation of transverse patellar fractures. The fixation is secure even with the existence of considerable comminution in one fragment. The security of this fixation allows early mobilization and the prevention of knee stiffness. The technique involves longitudinal drill holes through which a wire is pulled and looped over the anterior surface of the patella. When folded and tied over the patella, it allows excellent anterior compression and firm fixation. A cerclage wire is applied primarily for marked comminution. Sixteen patients have been treated in this manner with excellent results. To date there have been no complications from wire breakage or fragment distraction, and early motion has been achieved. PMID- 7273514 TI - Pathologic evaluation of the failed cup arthroplasty: a review of 32 cases. AB - Thirty-one specimens of femoral heads from failed arthroplasty operations were analyzed. One hip joint from autopsy was also reviewed. Cup arthroplasty does not lead to the formation of hyaline cartilage and sometimes not even fibrocartilage. Fibrous tissue rather than fibrocartilage lined the interspace between femoral head and cup in the majority of cases. There was frequent resorption of subchondral bone, and avascular necrosis of the bone inside the cup. Osteoarthritis and progressive femoral head degenerative bone changes generally continued despite surgical reaming and removal of all articular cartilage. PMID- 7273516 TI - Constitutional aspects of the osteochondroses. AB - The osteochondroses comprise a heterogeneous group of clinical disorders, the diagnosis of which is generally confirmed by radiologic appearances. The causes are unknown and little pathologic material has been examined to resolve this problem. Moreover, study of the affected bone yields minimal insight into the cause of the disorder because bone cells respond in a set pattern irrespective of the initial injury. Although acute trauma or prolonged abnormal mechanical forces in the region of epiphysis can lead to bone collapse and necrosis, it is unlikely that such forces are sufficient to affect normal healthy bone. The timing, distribution, multiple sites and familial etiology, as well as the close association between osteochondroses and certain congenital disorders, strongly suggest that there is constitutional epiphyseal inadequacy. The daily stresses of healthy childhood activity are enough to compromise the development of constitutionally weak epiphyses. When architectural bone collapses, the full osteochondrotic picture is manifested. Bone compaction can be brought about only by mechanical means and the force needed is inversely proportional to the degree of epiphyseal abnormality, e.g., a mildly dyschondrotic epiphysis will not present clinically without sufficient trauma to produce architectural collapse. Recent anthropomorphic studies have shown that children with Perthe's disease have a generalized growth disorder. Further long-term comprehensive biological studies are needed to provide more data on children suffering from the osteochondroses if the underlying constitutional defects are to be identified. PMID- 7273517 TI - Neonatal osteomyelitis of the calcaneus following a heel pad puncture: a case report. AB - Osteomyelitis of the calcaneus developed in a 6-day-old girl subsequent to heel pad puncture for taking blood samples. A review of the literature indicates that as a complication, osteomyelitis is very rare, considering the thousands of punctures performed. There is no mention in the orthopedic literature of such cases being treated in neonatal units. The present case, like others reported thus far, is characterized by the benign course of the disease. Theoretically, it is possible that infectious process could spread from the heel primary site to other bones or joints. Some difficulty in early diagnosis may be encountered in the incipient stages of the disease because of the benign course and lack of radiologic findings. In such cases, when local findings and the history of heel pad punctures suggest an infectious process involving the bone, a bone scan is helpful inasmuch as it is positive before the radiologic signs become manifest. An adequate course of antibiotic therapy, immediately administered, is usually successful, with normal X-ray of the healed os calcis being evident after two to three months. Nevertheless, prophylactic therapy is strongly recommended. PMID- 7273518 TI - The osteochondroses. PMID- 7273519 TI - Irreducible volar dislocation of the proximointerphalangeal joint. AB - Volar dislocations of the proximointerphalangeal joint are not injuries to be treated lightly. If the dislocation reduces easily, a tear of the central tendon would be indicated and immediate open repair of this structure then becomes mandatory. If the dislocation is irreducible, then a tear of the collateral ligament with button-holing of the head of the proximal phalanx through the interval between the central tendon and the lateral band should be suspected, and open reduction and replacement of these structures in their normal position is indicated. The results after open repair of irreducible dislocations may be more favorable than dislocations that reduce easily. The extensor mechanism is intact and as the joint need not be held for long periods of time, motion can be started early and stiffness avoided. PMID- 7273520 TI - Cryptococcal bone disease: a manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis. AB - In three patients with cryptococcal bone infection, skeletal involvement was sometimes occult, localized (offering a clinically accessible area for the diagnosis of disseminated) or part of a disseminated disease. Cryptococcal bone infection may clinically imitate neoplastic disease. Cryptococcal antigen determinations on bone curettings or serum may be helpful for rapid diagnosis. Although bony disease has been cured with local curettage, systemic amphotericin B is prescribed to eliminate inapparent disseminated disease. PMID- 7273521 TI - Giant cell tumor with viral-like intranuclear inclusions associated with Paget's disease. AB - A case of giant cell tumor (GCT) of the distal femur in a 56-year-old man is reported in association with Paget's disease. The case is unique in that is is the first report of GCT arising in a patient with this disease in which the neoplasm arose in a bone that did not show radiologic evidence of Paget's disease. This case also represents the first example of such an association in which viral-like inclusion bodies are seen in the osteoclast of the tumor. The fact that similar inclusion bodies are seen in the osteoclast of patients with Paget's disease and in their GCT implies a cause-and-effect etiologic relationship rather than mere coincidence. The implications are that a slow-virus infection is involved in the pathogenesis of Paget's disease and in giant cell tumors occurring in patients with this disease. PMID- 7273522 TI - An analysis of collar function and the use of titanium in femoral prostheses. PMID- 7273523 TI - Should we abandon primary prosthetic replacement for fresh displaced fractures of the neck of the femur? PMID- 7273524 TI - The role of trauma in the pathogenesis of the osteochondroses. AB - Compression fracture of the secondary centers of ossification is an important factor in the pathogenesis of Perthes' disease and osteochondrosis dissecans. Avulsion fracture produces osteochondrosis affecting the non-articular epiphyses, e.g., Osgood-Schlatter disease. Some of these injuries appear to be produced solely by repetitive trauma and others may represent pathologic insult to constitutionally vulnerable or revascularizing bone, e.g., the femoral head in Perthes' disease. PMID- 7273525 TI - Primary articular osteochondroses. AB - Primary articular osteochondroses involve the primary articular and growth cartilage and the subjacent endochondral ossification, with resulting incongruity of the joint surface and potential degenerative osteoarthritis. Weight-bearing areas, such as the metatarsal head, are at greater risk than nonweight-bearing parts in the upper extremity, such as the capitellum of the humerus. Treatment has two phases: protected mobilization, followed by graduated functional activity; later, surgery may be required to correct the resultant degenerative osteoarthritis. The accepted period for protected mobilization of the symptomatic patient is two to three years in the upper extremity, but three years or even longer in the weight-bearing lower extremity. The longer the period of painful motion, the longer the period of indicated protected mobilization. The prognosis concerning degenerative osteoarthritis should not be estimated by the extent of acute articular involvement on roentgenograms, but rather by the duration of symptoms. PMID- 7273526 TI - Kohler's disease of the tarsal navicular. AB - Twenty patients with Kohler's disease of the tarsal navicular were treated at the Alfred I. duPont Institute between 1948 and 1974. Three patients with asymptomatic, irregular ossification of the tarsal navicular also were investigated to evaluate the various modes of therapy and the long-term effects of various treatment programs. Symptomatic or true Kohler's disease must be differentiated clinically from asymptomatic roentgenographic changes resembling Kohler's osteochondrosis. The patients showed a significant decrease in morbidity with the use of a short-leg cast for an an eight-week period. Whereas patients who were not treated in a short-leg cast had symptoms for an average duration of 15 months, treated patients had symptoms for less than three months. Notwithstanding the decrease in morbidity with the use of a short-leg walking cast, the long-term results suggest that all of our patients eventually had spontaneous reconstitution of the navicular and excellent recovery of function. PMID- 7273527 TI - Osteochondrosis dissecans. AB - Osteochondrosis dissecans ia an osteochondrosis limited to the periphery of secondary ossification centers of diarthrodial joints. It is most frequently diagnosed in the second decade of life, and the knee is the most frequently involved joint; other commonly involved joints include the ankle, hip and elbow. Concepts of pathogenesis consist of reaction to mechanical trauma or spontaneous focal avascular osteonecrosis, but the etiology is not known; however, there is a definite correlation between skeletal maturation and outcome. The objective of treatment should be to prevent the formation of a partially detached or free osteochondral fragment. The preferred treatment in younger individuals is primarily immobilization with bivalved casts or splints. Surgery is to be recommended infrequently in the younger age group but with relatively increasing frequency with older individuals. In the older individuals, tomography, arthrography, and arthroscopy are helpful diagnostic aids in determining the appropriate treatment program. The primary objective of treatment in the older patient is preservation of a congruous articular surface. PMID- 7273528 TI - Nonarticular osteochondroses. AB - Nonarticular osteochondroses represent disordered enchondral ossification of epiphysis or apophysis at specific sites of muscle/tendon insertions or ligament attachments. Traditionally, osteochondroses have been identified by eponymic proper names. A generic classification is based upon the relationship of excessive or repetitive traction in occasional combination with direct pressure at discrete anatomical sites. The following are models of the several varieties: Osgood-Schlatter syndrome, typifying muscle/tendon stress on the tibial tuberosity; medial epicondylosis (Adams), resulting from forearm and elbow stress generated by muscles and creating traction through the ulnar collateral ligament attachment; and Sever's syndrome (calcaneal apophysis), associated with tension at either end of the calcaneal apophysis in combination with direct impact pressure. The general characteristics of this group include symptoms of pain or tenderness, timed appearance coincident with the developmental sequence of the apophysis, and generally symptomatic management. PMID- 7273529 TI - Tibia vara: osteochondrosis deformans tibiae. Blount's disease. AB - Tibia vara is a deformity of abrupt angulation into varus below the knee and inward rotation of the tibia. The condition appears as an infantile type manifesting itself at age one to three years, and as an adolescent type. Although the etiology of the infantile type is obscure, cartilage changes in the medial part of the growth plate and the epiphysis suggest that is belongs in the category of osteochondroses. The adolescent type, a separate entity secondary to infection or trauma, is not discussed here. Untreated infantile tibia vara will likely worsen and progress to severe bowleg. It is generally agreed that early osteotomy, adequately performed before the age of eight years, ordinarily results in a cure; however, when treatment is delayed to the age of nine or older, partial epiphyseal arrest often occurs. Simple osteotomy is then followed by recurrence, after which other operative measures are necessary. PMID- 7273530 TI - Vertebral osteochondrosis (Scheuermann's kyphosis). AB - Scheuermann's juvenile kyphosis may be considered a form of vertebral osteochondrosis. Although the etiology remains unknown, the ultimate effect is a disorderliness of vertebral growth in the growth plate cartilage. The biomechanical effects of increased kyphosis on saggital plane deformity, especially in a growing child, serve to aggravate this deformity. PMID- 7273532 TI - Current concepts of surgical management of deformities of the lower extremities in cerebral palsy. AB - In cerebral palsy, principles involved in proper selection of orthopedic management of the lower limbs include diagnosis, timing, goals, degree of involvement, linkage, kinetic electromyography, retention of neonatal automatisms, and dynamic versus fixed deformity, as well as the physical plant and professional skills. Specific lower extremity problems in the hip, knee, ankle, and foot must be analyzed and management for each should be approached on a rational basis. Unsolved enigmatic problems of etiology, pathways of neonatal automatisms that impose abnormal posturing, neurophysiologic mechanisms of spasticity, athetosis, rigidity and ataxia, pathogenesis of contracture, linkage biomechanics, and the neurologic, including the biomechanical effects of surgical intervention, require special research programs. PMID- 7273531 TI - Decision analysis of treatment choices in the osteochondroses. AB - Physicians tend to decry the lack of data on which they can make decisions. This is commendable, and all should encourage the pursuit of better data and more precise analysis. But decisions must be made, and each physician must deal with what data are available and evaluate them against all the general uncertainties. Equally important are the values that we place on the outcome of treatment. Much of the disagreement among physicians about treatment protocols involves a difference in values. While this is not necessarily bad, it points to the need to consider explicitly the value we place on a result or the morbidity possibly accompanying that result. In the osteochondroses, consideration of values will protect patients from overzealous treatment. Finally, the formality of a decision process should not necessarily modify a plan of treatment based on fundamentally sound principles, intuition, and anecdotal experience. Regardless of which factors represent the basis for an individual surgeon's selection of a particular approach, evaluation of both desirable and undesirable aspects of each alternative prevents impulsive acceptance of the most recently described, often unproven operation. Salter's aphorism: "The decision is more important than the incision," is particularly applicable in treatment of the osteochondroses. PMID- 7273533 TI - [An adult case of "cherry red spot-myoclonus syndrome". Report of a case and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273534 TI - [Itching in multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273535 TI - [Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, deafness, neurogenic muscular atrophy and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273536 TI - [A case with action induced dystonia-tremor complex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273537 TI - [Two cases with quadriceps myopathy of juvenile onset (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273538 TI - Perihepatic abscess detection on cholescintigraphy. AB - A case report of a 77-year-old woman with gallbladder perforation is presented. Perihepatic abscess formation was detected on radionuclide cholescintigraphy and abdominal ultrasonography. A perihepatic "halo" with nonvisualization of the gallbladder on radionuclide cholescintigraphy should suggest the diagnosis preoperatively. PMID- 7273539 TI - Choledochal cyst complicated by acute cholecystitis and bypass obstruction: diagnostic role of Tc-99m-HIDA cholescintigraphy. AB - An unusual case of malignant degeneration of a choledochal cyst is presented. The presence of acute cholecystitis with the cystic duct originating from the cyst as well as the subsequent obstruction of the cyst-jejunal surgical anastomosis was readily detected with Tc-99m-dimethyl-iminodiacetic (Tc-99m-HIDA) cholescintigraphy. PMID- 7273540 TI - Imaging of irradiated liver with Tc-99m-sulfur colloid and Tc-99m-IDA. AB - In three cases, irradiated regions of liver failed to concentrate Tc-99m-sulfur colloid. In two of these three, imaging with Tc-99m-acetanilide iminodiacetic acid (IDA) agents within five days showed near normal hepatic uptake of this hepatobiliary imaging agent. The hepatic parenchymal cells may be imaged with Tc 99m-IDA in some irradiated regions of liver, despite loss of reticuloendothelial cell function. PMID- 7273541 TI - Posttraumatic lumbar cerebrospinal fluid leak: detection by retrograde in-111 DTPA myeloscintography. AB - A case of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) extravasation with an unsuspected traumatic meningocele after a gunshot wound was detected by means of retrograde myeloscintography using isobaric In-111-DTPA. Our experience and a review of the literature have provided evidence retrograde myeloscintography may be useful for detecting and delineating significant traumatic thoracic and lumbar CSF leaks. PMID- 7273542 TI - Unsuspected purulent pericarditis detected by gallium-67 scanning: a case report. AB - A Ga-67 scan performed because of a suspected intraabdominal infection demonstrated marked pericardial uptake of the isotope instead, and thus provided the first clue to the diagnosis of purulent pericarditis. Subsequent studies and surgery revealed an esophagopericardial fistula, gas in the pericardial sac, and purulent pericarditis caused by multiple bacteria. This report presents an unusual cause of pericardial uptake of Ga-67. The use of Ga-67 scanning of diagnose purulent pericarditis in the absence of typical clinical findings is illustrated. PMID- 7273543 TI - Gallium-67 imaging in pericarditis secondary to tuberculosis and histoplasmosis. AB - In recent years, many cases of Ga-67 uptake by the heart have been reported. One such case involved a patient with tuberculous pericarditis. Recently, a patient was referred to us for the investigation of a fever of unknown origin. A Ga-67 scan was performed and showed an intense uptake by the pericardium. The final diagnosis was pericarditis secondary to mediastinal lymph node involvement with tuberculosis and histoplasmosis. PMID- 7273544 TI - Vesicoenteric fistula discovered during routine bone scintigraphy. PMID- 7273545 TI - Gallium scanning in rhabdomyolysis. PMID- 7273546 TI - Unusual cause of posterior splenic defect. PMID- 7273547 TI - Evidence for splenic sequestration of in vivo labeled erythrocytes. PMID- 7273548 TI - Society of Nuclear Medicine. 6th Annual Western Regional Meeting. October 8-11, 1981, San Francisco, California. Abstracts. PMID- 7273549 TI - Congress of Neurological Surgeons 1979. Presidential address. PMID- 7273550 TI - Surgical syndromes of the hypothalamus. AB - The clinical syndromes described with lesions of the hypothalamus are summarized in Table 9.5-9.7. The anterior hypothalamic syndrome consists of insomnia and loss of thirst regulatory mechanisms. In occasional larger lesions which interrupt the output from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, diabetes insipidus has been noticed. In the tuberal region of the hypothalamus the most prominent findings are those that are caused by the disruption of the final common pathway to the pituitary. This results in endocrinopathy, most often the syndrome originally reported by Frohlich, with failure of sexual maturation and obesity. In the tuberal region, differences between lesions of the medial and lateral portions are quite marked. Medial lesions result in obesity while bilateral lesions result in anorexia and emaciation. The diencephalic syndrome of infancy with it's severe emaciation in young years and obesity in later years clearly indicates a different organizational pattern in the neonatal hypothalamus. Emotional disorders may be seen with lesions either in the medial or lateral hypothalamus at the tuberal level. Finally, in the posterior hypothalamic region, which includes the greatest effector apparatus, hypersomnia, apathy, and poikilothermia have been reported. Emotional disturbances and the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome also seemed to be associated with lesions in this area. The hypothalamus remains the single most important integrator of vegetative and endocrinologic regulation of the body. Cushing said of the hypothalamus, "here in this hidden spot, almost to be covered with a thumb nail, lies the very main spring of primitive existence: vegetative, emotional and reproductive". PMID- 7273551 TI - The transcallosal approach to the anterior ventricular system and its application in the therapy of craniopharyngioma. PMID- 7273552 TI - Craniopharyngiomas: transsphenoidal method of approach--for the virtuoso only? PMID- 7273553 TI - Craniopharyngiomas: the subfrontal approach, or none at all? PMID- 7273554 TI - Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome. PMID- 7273555 TI - Recurrent craniopharyngiomas: therapeutic alternatives. PMID- 7273556 TI - Meningiomas of the basal parapituitary region: technical considerations. PMID- 7273557 TI - Carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms: the surgical management of those cases presenting with compression of the optic nerves and chiasm alone. PMID- 7273558 TI - Surgery for the recurrent pituitary adenoma. PMID- 7273559 TI - Acromegaly: selection parameters and operative results. PMID- 7273560 TI - Third ventricular tumors. AB - Because of the uncertainty of a histological diagnosis without biopsy in tumors which lie within the third ventricle, we have advocated a surgical exploration of all cases. Those located in the posterior third ventricular or pineal region present a special problem and have been discussed elsewhere. Tumors lying in anterior portions of the third ventricle have been approached through a transcallosal route which we have preferred over the transfrontal route for the reasons indicated. The approach is relatively simple and associated with low morbidity. Problems have been encountered from forceful retraction of the anterior sagittal sinus which has resulted in deficits of frontal lobe function and with injury to both fornices or the septal region which has resulted in akinetic mutism. Fortunately, these complications are rare. PMID- 7273561 TI - Autologous fat transplants for the protection and repair of the spinal dura. PMID- 7273562 TI - Emergency medical services and the neurosurgeon. PMID- 7273563 TI - Radiological determination of cervical spine fracture and stability. PMID- 7273564 TI - The early management of spinal injuries. PMID- 7273565 TI - Decompression and fixation in cervical spine fractures: indications and techniques. PMID- 7273566 TI - Craniovertebral anomalies. AB - We have tried to clarify this confusing area by demonstrating the common relationships of these abnormalities. The development of the craniovertebral junction was present in order to understand the formation of the anomalies discussed. The radiologic lines and measurements that have been described are actually to measure the degree of compromise of the functional size of the foramen magnum. This mechanical compromise, either from direct neural compression and/or from a secondary vascular impairment (arterial or venous), leads to the signs and symptoms of cervicomedullary compression. PMID- 7273567 TI - Anterior cervical discectomy without fusion: long-term results. AB - The long-term follow-up of patients operated by one surgeon by simple anterior discectomy without fusion have been presented. The results are much better in patients with soft extruded discs than with painful discs or degenerative discs with varying degrees of radiculopathy or myelopathy. The same statement can be made for the posterior approach. The anterior approach appears to be superior for soft central extruded discs compressing the spinal cord. There appears to be a greater incidence of another disc at an adjacent level with the anterior approach than when the operation is done posteriorly. The anterior operation is an easier surgical procedure than the posterior operation in the average surgeon's hands; otherwise, it would not be as popular as it is. Interbody fusion has no long-term advantages over simple discectomy. Complications of the anterior approach, particularly with fusion, appear greater than the limited posterior approach. Rather than continue the controversy over the anterior vs. the posterior approach, it is recommended that each surgical case be evaluated to determine the preferred approach. With the passage of time, I have preferred to operate the C4, 5, and 6 ruptured discs anteriorly, as well as all central discs or hard central cervical spondylotic bars. This seems preferable to the extensive laminectomy recommended by many for spondylotic myelopathy. However, the anterior approach has been limited to two spaces rather than multiple spaces. On the rare occasions when an extensive decompression of the cervical canal is indicated, the posterior approach has been chosen. In addition, the C7 or rare T1 soft ruptured disc have been done posteriorly. When there is a doubt about the diagnosis, e.g., when a tumor is suspected or a multiple root defect associated with atypical findings on myelography, the posterior approach is preferred. PMID- 7273568 TI - Cervical spondylosis: natural history and rare indications for surgical decompression. AB - Degenerative disc disease may be considered a normal process of aging which occurs in virtually the entire population that reaches middle age. Pain problems associated with it should be approached with the greatest reluctance by the surgeon since intermittent flare-ups with subsidence and ultimate overall improvement can be expected in most cases. The clearest indications for surgery have to do with neurologic deficit. The simplest and most obvious example is herniated nucleus pulposus with acute monoradicular or myelopathic symptoms. This situation requires an aggressive approach. More chronic neurologic changes must be approached more cautiously. When unequivocal progression is identified, surgical decompression is in order. Finally, narrowing of the canal from either congenital or acquired processes may in some instances justify prophylactic surgical decompression, but requires the greatest caution. The radiologic findings often do not correlate with the signs and symptoms. The patient's input and his or her full awareness of the possibilities of serious complication is an essential part of good surgical management. PMID- 7273569 TI - Intervertebral discitis: incidence, diagnosis, and management. PMID- 7273570 TI - Thoracic spinal cord decompression: alternative surgical approaches and basis of choice. PMID- 7273571 TI - Metastatic disease of the spine: surgical risk versus radiation therapy. PMID- 7273572 TI - Iron sufficiency with prolonged exclusive breast-feeding in Peruvian infants. AB - Serum ferritin and erythrocyte porphyrin concentrations were measured in seven Peruvian infants, who ranged in age from 7.5-12.0 months (mean: 9.3 months), who had been exclusively breast-fed all their lives. No infant had evidence of iron deficiency as reflected by a reduced serum ferritin, or an increased erythrocyte porphyrin. Mean serum ferritin and erythrocyte porphyrin values in these seven infants were similar to those of 40 nonanemic, noniron-deficient U.S. infants who ranged in age from 9 to 12 months, on a mixed diet. These findings illustrate that exclusively breast-feeding an infant for at least 9 months of life meets the iron requirements of the full-term infant. PMID- 7273573 TI - A pediatric perspective on vegetarian nutrition. PMID- 7273574 TI - Hypophosphatemic rickets in an adolescent cured by excision of a nonossifying fibroma. AB - An adolescent girl complaining of chronic heel pain was found to have acquired hypophosphatemic rickets and a nonossifying fibroma of the femur. The hypophosphatemic rickets was completely corrected by surgical excision of the bone lesion. This case represents another example of tumor-induced osteomalacia. PMID- 7273575 TI - Lactobezoar in prematurity. A case with prolonged resolution. AB - Lactobezoar is a foreign body produced in the gastrointestinal tract by the presence and accumulation of undigested milk curds. It is seen most commonly in low-birth-weight, premature infants fed with 24-calorie formulas. Conventional therapy includes withholding feedings, repeated gastric lavage, and maintenance of nutrition and hydration by the parenteral route. Most cases respond to this regimen within 48 to 72 hours. We present a case of gastric lactobezoar in a premature, small for gestational age infant who was fed a 24-calorie formula but failed to respond to conventional therapy for more than a week. Historical background and pathophysiology of lactobezoar are discussed. PMID- 7273576 TI - Actinobacillus endocarditis associated with periodontal disease. AB - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, an organism associated with rapidly destructive periodontal disease (periodontitis), is a rare cause of endocarditis in children. This report presents a case of A. actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis in a 6-year-old child with rapidly destructive periodontal disease. A leukotoxic antigen was documented in the strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans isolated from the patient's blood. PMID- 7273577 TI - Epiblepharon. An important and often missed diagnosis. AB - Epiblepharon is a common, often unrecognized cause of epiphora and ocular irritation in the child. Epiblepharon consists of an extra fold of eyelid skin and orbicularis muscle overlying an eyelid margin. Occasionally an epiblepharon can push the lashes against the sensitive corneas, especially in downgaze. This paper illustrates epiblepharon and stresses the need for eyelid margin examination in downgaze in the child with epiphora or conjunctivitis. PMID- 7273578 TI - Pyogenic osteomyelitis versus pseudo-osteomyelitis in Gaucher's disease. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Presented is a young girl with Gaucher's disease who developed acute bone pain accompanied by signs of inflammation and who was felt to have possible pyogenic osteomyelitis. The lack of significant pathogenic bacterial growth on culture and the findings at orthopedic surgery led the authors to conclude that this child probably represented a case of pseudo-osteomyelitis, but the isolation of an anaerobe from the operative culture of the involved bone leaves the exact diagnosis unclear. Since this child underwent an open surgical procedure, she was treated with antibiotics to prevent the possible development of chronic osteomyelitis. This anaerobic growth on culture, although strongly felt to be a contaminant, also played a role in this decision. She had an uneventful hospital course and subsequently has done well. It is suggested that great caution be taken before subjecting a patient with Gaucher's disease to orthopedic surgical procedures. If pyogenic osteomyelitis is strongly suspected, obtaining multiple blood cultures and culture by needle aspirate may be preferred over an open surgical procedure. The use of empiric antibiotic therapy without an attempt at further diagnosis is not recommended. If an orthopedic surgical procedure is necessary in a patient with Gaucher's disease, antibiotic coverage is indicated and long-term observation of the operative sight for drainage and/or other signs of chronic inflammatory changes in mandatory. PMID- 7273579 TI - Oral foreign body removal and acute respiratory obstruction. PMID- 7273580 TI - Eosinophilia associated with cholestyramine. PMID- 7273581 TI - Sodium and water content of feedings for use in infants with diarrhea. PMID- 7273583 TI - Renal functions and clinical disorders in the neonate. PMID- 7273582 TI - Symposium on perinatal nephrology. PMID- 7273585 TI - Renal failure in the perinatal period. PMID- 7273584 TI - Nonrenal factors influencing renal function during the perinatal period. PMID- 7273586 TI - The management of fluid and electrolyte disorders in the neonate. PMID- 7273587 TI - Monitoring antibiotic therapy in the newborn infant. AB - With antibiotic monitoring, antimicrobial therapy of the neonate can be safe and effective. During this period of transition, the pharmacokinetics of the infant is constantly in a state of flux. Treatment guidelines based on average pharmacokinetics do not always correspond to the values obtained from an individual infant. Individualization of therapy is the goal of monitoring antibiotic therapy in the newborn infant. The MIC and MBC data obtained from susceptibility testing are used to select the most appropriate antibiotic(s). The expected serum antimicrobial concentration should exceed the MIC and MBC by one to five times. Microbiologic, radioenzymatic, radioimmunoassay, high performance liquid chromatography, and other assay methods are currently available in the clinical laboratory. Adjustments of antimicrobial therapy are based on the information provided from assays of peak and trough serum concentration. Bactericidal titers indirectly provide similar information and are adequate for assessing therapy. Indications for monitoring antibiotic therapy in the newborn are dependent on the drug and clinical situation. Aminoglycoside and chloramphenicol, both of which have narrow ranges of serum concentration between efficacy and toxicity, require monitoring. Infants with serious or unusual infections benefit from assays of antibiotics. Other indications for monitoring antimicrobial concentrations are changes in methods of administration, multiple drug therapy, errors in medication, and any situation in which the information can be used to insure efficacy and safety. PMID- 7273588 TI - Obstructive uropathy in the neonate. PMID- 7273589 TI - Neonatal hematuria and proteinuria. PMID- 7273590 TI - Congenital nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7273591 TI - Genetic determinants of renal disease in neonates. PMID- 7273592 TI - Cystic disease of the kidney in the newborn infant. PMID- 7273593 TI - No stereoselective first-pass hepatic extraction of propranolol. AB - The plasma level: time profile for l-propranolol and total propranolol concentrations were examined in normotensive subjects after intravenous and oral dl-propranolol. l-Propranolol concentrations in plasma accounted for about 60% of total propranolol. This was attributed to lower volume of distribution for the isomer. Mean plasma clearance of 1-propranolol was similarly affected while apparent plasma half-life for the l-isomer and total propranolol were of the same order. Oral bioavailability of 1- and total propranolol averaged 40.7 +/- 8.5% and 42.4 +/- 12.9%. Food and hydralazine increased oral bioavailability of total and l-propranolol by similar magnitudes. We conclude that difference in the kinetics of l- and total propranolol concentrations in plasma are small and probably of no clinical significance. Presystemic clearance of propranolol in man does not appear to be stereospecific. PMID- 7273594 TI - Digoxin-verapamil interaction. AB - To explore a possible interaction between digoxin and verapamil, a single-dose kinetic study of digoxin was performed and then repeated after 10 days of verapamil treatment in eight healthy subjects. Verapamil diminished the apparent central distribution volume of digoxin from 0.83 +/- 0.25 to 0.64 +2- 0.17 l/kg (P less than 0.05) and reduced total body clearance of digoxin from 3.28 +/- 0.58 to 2.15 +/- 0.66 ml/min/kg (P less than 0.001) by impairing both renal and extrarenal clearance. Biological digoxin half-life rose from 38.6 +/- 8.5 to 50.5 +/- 8.3 hr (P less than 0.005). Reduction of renal clearance of digoxin may be due to inhibition of tubular secretion. The underlying mechanisms of extrarenal interaction are not known, but impaired hepatic degradation of digoxin induced by verapamil should be considered. PMID- 7273595 TI - Lack of difference in digoxin urinary excretion with two intravenous infusion rates. AB - Ten normal subjects were given 0.4 mg digoxin intravenously by bolus injection over 3 to 5 min and by constant-rate infusion for 1 hr. Urinary excretion of digoxin over the next 6 days, as measured by radioimmunoassay, was similar after both the rates of intravenous injection. In one subject, who excreted substantial amounts of digoxin reduction products, no difference was apparent in the amount of reduced metabolites excreted. These results are not in agreement with previous reports of an effect of intravenous infusion rate on urinary digoxin excretion. PMID- 7273596 TI - Pharmacoelectroencephalographic study of brotizolam, a novel hypnotic. AB - The effects on the quantitative EEG and behavior of two doses (0.1 and 0.3 mg) of the novel sedative compound brotizolam were compared to those of 10 mg flurazepam and placebo in a crossover study in 11 normal men. The effects of 0.1 mg brotizolam were equivalent in intensity and duration to those of 10 mg flurazepam, while the 0.3-mg dose of brotizolam was approximately three times as active. The relative physiologic equivalence of doses of brotizolam and flurazepam is 1 to 100. In its EEG profile, brotizolam is classified as a hypnotic-sedative substance. Its suggested use is as a substitute for established benzodiazepines that have hypnotic, sedative, and anticonvulsant activities. PMID- 7273597 TI - Clonazepam acetylation in fast and slow acetylators. AB - Six slow acetylators (SAs) and six rapid acetylators (RAs), as determined by sulfamethazine (SMZ) phenotyping, were each given a 2-mg oral dose of clonazepam. Ninety-six-hour urine collections from these subjects were analyzed for clonazepam, 7-amino clonazepam (7-AM, clonazepam nitroreduced metabolite), and 7 acetamido clonazepam (7-ACT, N-acetylated 7-AM). The SA group excreted more 7-AM and less 7-ACT than the RA group; mean (+/- Sd) recovered as 7-AM was 22.7 +/- 5.0% for the SA group and 13.6 +/- 4.1% for the RA group and mean (+/- SD) recovered as 7-ACT was 1.5 +/- 0.4% for the SA group and 3.9 +/- 1.8% for the RA group. Both differences were substantial (p less than 0.02 by unpaired t test) and indicate that the rate of acetylation of 7-AM to 7-ACT in the biotransformation of clonazepam is determined by the acetylator phenotype. PMID- 7273598 TI - Effects of diclofenac on lithium kinetics. AB - The influence of the prostaglandin (PG) synthesis-inhibiting, nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac on lithium kinetics was studied in five normal women on a 150-mEq sodium diet. Diclofenac decreased lithium renal clearance by 23% (P - 0.002) and increased lithium plasma levels by 26% (P - 0.001). Renal PG synthesis was suppressed by 53% of control values. These data show a clinically important drug interaction, possibly on the basis of a PG dependent mechanism, with the risk of lithium intoxication for patients treated with lithium salts and NSAIDs. PMID- 7273599 TI - Methadone disposition in patients with chronic liver disease. AB - Chronic liver disease is common in methadone-maintained patients. We studied the disposition of this drug in 14 patients with biopsy-proved chronic liver disease and five otherwise healthy subjects receiving methadone maintenance treatment. The patients were divided into three groups based on the severity of liver disease, with group I having the most severe disease. The apparent terminal half life of methadone was longer in group I than in group II and III (moderate and mild chronic liver disease, P less than 0.01) and the contrast group (P less than 0.05). All other kinetic indices determined for group I and all kinetic indices in groups II and III were essentially the same as those in the contrast subjects or in the other patient groups. Seven patients, including al five in group I, had flattened plasma methadone concentration-time curves. The data suggest that the maintenance dosage of methadone need not be changed in stable chronic liver disease. PMID- 7273601 TI - Bioavailability and clearance of chloramphenicol after intravenous chloramphenicol succinate. AB - Bioavailability of chloramphenicol and kinetics of chloramphenicol succinate and chloramphenicol were studied in 12 patients. Chloramphenicol succinate, 25 mg/kg, was injected intravenously every 6 hr over 0.5 to 1 hr. Both the drug and the prodrug were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Bioabailability of chlorampenicol ranged from 0.55 to 0.92 and total, renal, and nonrenal clearance from 6.81 to 98.22, 2.54 to 26.90, and 3.73 to 87.38 ml/m2/min, while clearances of chloramphenicol succinate ranged from 84.75 to 916.00 28.40 to 312.00, and 26.06 to 760.93 ml/m2/min. Urinary recovery of chloramphenicol was 3% to 25% and that of chloramphenicol succinate was 7% to 45%. Mean apparent volumes of distribution were 0.71 l/kg for chloramphenicol and 2.10 l/kg for chloramphenicol succinate and elimination half-lifes were 4.03 and 2.65 hr, respecitively. There were relationships between patient age and clearance of both drugs. Incomplete bioavailability of chloramphenicol and the more than 10-fold variability in clearance of both chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol succinate explain the need for individualizing doses to achieve thrapeutic effect and minimize the risk to toxicity. PMID- 7273602 TI - Red blood cell sodium and potassium after hydrochlorothiazide. AB - In six of seven healthy males 6 days of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), 50 mg twice daily, without potassium supplements resulted in a rise in red blood cell (RBC) sodium concentration. Serum potassium concentration fell in all subjects. Four days after discontinuing HCT, intracellular sodium and extracellular potassium concentrations had normalized. Throughout the evaluation period the course of mean relative intracellular sodium was almost a mirror image of mean relative extracellular potassium. Thus, either the decline of serum potassium or of HCT (because of its inhibitory effect on Na-K-ATPase activity) might have diminished Na-K-ATPase-dependent active RBC sodium efflux with a resultant rise in erythrocyte sodium concentration. RBC potassium and serum sodium concentrations were not affected by short-term exposure to HCT. PMID- 7273600 TI - Effect of isoniazid on vitamin D metabolism and hepatic monooxygenase activity. AB - isoniazid, 300 mg daily for 14 days, reduced serum calcium and phosphate levels (P less than 0.001) in eight healthy subjects. After a single dose of isoniazid the concentration of 1 alpha-,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the most active metabolite of vitamin D, fell by 47% (P less than 0.01) and was reduced throughout the study. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the major circulating form of the vitamin, declined in all subjects and to below normal range in six (P less than 0.01). Parathyroid hormone levels rose by 36% (P less than 0.01) in response to the relative hypocalcemia produced. Isoniazid inhibited hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity, as evidenced by a reduction in antipyrine and cortisol oxidation, and a similar inhibition of the hepatic 25-hydroxylase and renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase would explain the reduction in the corresponding vitamin D metabolites. This perturbation of vitamin D metabolism differs from the vitamin D wasting effects after rifampicin. Patients with tuberculosis treated with isoniazid and rifampicin may show changes similar to those shown here in calcium and phosphate homeostasis and thus may be at risk of developing metabolic bone disorders. PMID- 7273604 TI - Ceforanide kinetics. AB - Pharmacologic studies of the semisynthetic cephalosporin ceforanide were conducted in 29 cancer patients. Intravenous doses of 500 mg over 30 min every 6 hr to 10 patients induced mean peak serum concentrations between 44.7 and 51.5 micrograms/ml, while in 10 patients receiving 1 gm over 30 min every 12 hr mean peak serum concentrations varied from 73.4 to 91.8 micrograms/ml. Twelve hours after 1 gm of drug, mean serum concentrations varied between 5.6 and 6.5 micrograms/ml. After a 500-mg loading dose, continuous infusion of 500 mg every 4 hr, 10 patients maintained serum concentrations above 34.2 micrograms/ml for 7 or 8 days. Most of the drug was excreted in the urine in the initial 6 hr after administration and mean urinary concentration of 1,315 micrograms/ml were obtained during this time. Serum half-life ranged between 2.2 and 2.9 hr on all schedules and therefore wa longer than that of other cephalosporins. No serious toxicity was noted. The relatively broad spectrum of activity in addition to the long half-life suggests clinical utility for this drug. PMID- 7273603 TI - Effect of short- and long-term alcohol use on phenytoin kinetics in chronic alcoholics. AB - Phenytoin kinetics during long-term alcohol use and withdrawal were studied in 11 male alcoholics with a history of withdrawal seizures and no evidence of chronic liver disease. Ethanol, 20% v/v, was given for 6 days after admission to maintain the blood alcohol level between 500 and 800 mg/l and phenytoin suspension, 150 mg, was given orally or intravenously (on three occasions) every 12 hr for 20 days. The mean (+/- SD) total phenytoin clearance in 9 of 11 subjects was 0.023 +/- 0.006 l/kg/hr during the alcohol ingestion period. Clearance rose to 0.033 +/ 0.013 l/kg/hr (P less than 0.05) during alcohol withdrawal. Total steady-state concentration after 3 wk ranged from 3.4 to 29.9 mg/l, while the weight-corrected dose range was only 3.7 to 5.5 mg/kg/day. Inter- and intra-subject variation in bioavailability was small (0.93 to 1.03). Phenytoin free fractions ranged from 9.09% to 17.75% and changes in total and free phenytoin concentration correlated (r2 = 0.92, P less than 0.001). The data are compatible with the hypothesis that increased phenytoin clearance during alcohol withdrawal is due to the increased metabolic rate of the drug secondary to enzyme induction by ethanol, which becomes unmasked on cessation of drinking. In most alcoholics standard-dose phenytoin (300 mg/l) will induce lower than usual plasma concentrations. PMID- 7273605 TI - Penicillamine kinetics in normal subjects. AB - The kinetic characteristics of penicillamine are reported in four fasting subjects after four oral doses each. On late test days, tow of the subjects received an additional single dose 30 min after a large breakfast. On subject originally included in the study had to drop out because of gastrointestinal disturbances following each of two single doses of penicillamine. The fasting plasma levels of penicillamine observed in this study displayed an unusual double peak in the plasma levels after single doses. Individual subjects had consistent plasma level patterns for each of the four single doses but there was marked intersubject variability in patterns and kinetic parameters. The half-life of unchanged penicillamine ranged from 1.66 to 3.15 hr and the apparent plasma clearance ranged from 530 to 2300 ml/min. The administration of penicillamine following a large breakfast caused a reduction in the area under the penicillamine plasma concentration-time curve corresponding to a decrease in the extent of absorption of unchanged penicillamine. PMID- 7273606 TI - Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine concentration based on lean body mass. AB - An equation for predicting endogenous creatinine clearance (CrCl) in adults and children (with both stable and unstable renal function) from serum creatinine concentration is presented. The predictions are compared with four other available estimating methods, bases on values in 110 subjects with renal impairment of widely differing degrees. In patients with stable and with unstable renal function the corelaion between measured and predicted CrCl was better with the new equation. In patients with rapid changing renal function the new equation resulted in accurate predictions CrCl within a few hours after the change, as opposed to several with the other methods. The elimination rate constant of the aminoglycoside antibiotic amikacin correlated more precisely with CrCl values estimated from the new equation that with those measured doing 24 hr or with the other prediction methods. PMID- 7273607 TI - Depression of theophylline elimination by erythromycin. AB - The elimination of a single oral dose of theophylline was studied in 12 healthy subjects before and after 250 mg erythromycin every 8 hr for 10 days. Serum theophylline elimination half-life rose from 4.79 +/- 0.43 hr before to 7.53 +/- 0.71 hr after erythromycin. Theophylline clearance decreased from a mean of 91.6 +/- 27.0 to 54.8 +/- 10.0 ml/kg/hr after erythromycin and the mean apparent volumes of distribution were much the same before and after the antibiotic. The excretion of theophylline and its metabolites was studied in the urine of three of the subjects. In each case the amount of 3-methylxanthine and 1,3-dimethyluric acid decreased after antibiotic. Adjustments of the theophylline dosage may be necessary for patients who take theophylline and erythromycin concurrently to minimize the risk of theophylline toxicity. PMID- 7273608 TI - Evolving biologic concepts as applied to tendon surgery. PMID- 7273610 TI - The theory of the transposition flap and its practical application in the hand. PMID- 7273609 TI - Small joint reconstruction by perichondrial arthroplasty. PMID- 7273611 TI - An overview of flaps for hand and forearm reconstruction. PMID- 7273612 TI - Injuries to the upper extremity: patterns of occurrence. AB - Injuries to the upper extremity, as reported in home interviews, physician office records, and hospital records, are a problem of great magnitude. Upper extremity injuries not only are responsible for a great deal of disability and for a large number of visits for medical care, but also, because they often affect people of working age, have a great impact on society because of loss of productivity. However, regardless of the age at which they occur, these injuries can have an impact on the quality of life of the injured, both in the short term and in the long. PMID- 7273613 TI - The perionychium: anatomy, physiology, and care of injuries. PMID- 7273615 TI - The place of internal skeletal fixation in surgery of the hand. PMID- 7273614 TI - Recurrence and other complications in surgery of Dupuytren's contracture. PMID- 7273617 TI - Scaphoid fractures: concepts of management. PMID- 7273616 TI - Skeletal injuries of the hand in children. PMID- 7273619 TI - Aesthetic aspects of reconstructive surgery. PMID- 7273620 TI - Aesthetic reconstructive rhinoplasty. AB - Aesthetic reconstructive rhinoplasty by definition means the creation of a nose that blends happily with its face and enjoys patent bilateral airways. This goal requires the construction of a delicate but dependable support to the bridge and tip, adequate viable lining, and cover of the correct color and texture. All this should be accomplished without distracting donor scars. It is important that the bridge and tip stand proudly, the alae an columella contours be sculptured, and the scars lie unnoticeable in the regional unit lines camouflaged by light and shadows. PMID- 7273621 TI - Aesthetic aspects of post-traumatic nasal reconstruction: a case study. PMID- 7273618 TI - Avoiding pitfalls in the diagnosis of the acutely injured proximal interphalangeal joint. AB - Closed injuries to the proximal interphalangeal joint are very common. Many anatomic structures are located in this small area; any one or several may be injured. Each causes a painful, swollen joint. A precise diagnosis of which structures are damaged is important for rational treatment. It is essential to distinguish between injuries to the flexor or extensor tendon mechanism, fractures about the proximal phalangeal joint, and ligamentous and volar plate injuries. The examining physician must understand the functional anatomy of this joint, perform a detailed evaluation, obtain the proper roentgenographic views, and render treatment according to a specific diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis with early appropriate treatment favors good recovery. PMID- 7273622 TI - Correction of the deviated nose. An annotated surgical report. PMID- 7273623 TI - A personal approach to total auricular construction: case study. PMID- 7273624 TI - Cheek reconstruction with advancement-rotation flaps. PMID- 7273625 TI - Major reconstruction of the eyelids: functional and aesthetic considerations. PMID- 7273626 TI - Aesthetic approach to upper eyelid reconstruction. PMID- 7273627 TI - Aesthetic aspects of reconstructive scalp surgery. PMID- 7273628 TI - Microgenia: a logical surgical approach. PMID- 7273629 TI - Craniofacial surgical techniques for aesthetic results in congenital and acute traumatic deformities. AB - The first case of congenital orbital hypertelorism presented demonstrates that complex investigations, careful planning, and extensive experience combined with meticulous attention to detail can turn a severe congenital deformity into normality in one operation. The second case of trauma shows that an acute injury (even in the face of potential major contamination) can be initially managed by utilizing all the principles of craniofacial surgery, thus achieving optimal results in one operation. The surgeon must be prepared to utilize extensive exposures to visualize exact fracture sites and the degree of displacement. Bone grafts must be used to provide contour and to replace missing segments. Direct wiring performed with mechanical efficiency can produce a completely stable skeleton without the need of external devices. Probably the most important factor is that the surgeon should endeavor to achieve complete correction during initial operation regardless of the time taken. The concept of doing some things at a later date is never satisfactory in terms of the quality of result. PMID- 7273631 TI - Management of the difficult scalp and intracranial wound. PMID- 7273630 TI - Aesthetic correction of coronal craniosynostosis. PMID- 7273632 TI - Aesthetic aspects of microsurgery: composite tissue transfer to the face. PMID- 7273633 TI - Aesthetic aspects of hand surgery: microsurgical approach with multiple free tissue transfers. PMID- 7273634 TI - Aesthetic and functional thumb reconstruction: great toe to hand transfer. PMID- 7273635 TI - Aesthetic considerations in reconstructive hand surgery: the first web. PMID- 7273636 TI - Aesthetic aspects of reconstructive microsurgery of the lower extremity. PMID- 7273637 TI - Latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction: an aesthetic assessment. PMID- 7273638 TI - Reconstruction of the sternum and anterior chest wall: aesthetic considerations. PMID- 7273639 TI - Aesthetic reconstructive genital surgery. PMID- 7273640 TI - The evolution of the British National Lymphoma Investigation (Report no 5). PMID- 7273641 TI - Analysis of grade 1 Hodgkin's disease (Report no 6). PMID- 7273642 TI - National Cancer Institute retrospective study of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: abstract (Report no 7). PMID- 7273643 TI - Prognosis and survival in the non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas: analysis of the different histopathological types (Report no 8). PMID- 7273644 TI - The pathology of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas (Report no 10). PMID- 7273645 TI - The place of radiotherapy in the management of localised Hodgkin's disease (Report no 11). AB - This report reviews the experience of the BNLI in managing localised Hodgkin's disease, since the BNLI began in February 1970. The original problem investigated by this study was the evaluation of 'prophylactic' irradiation treating adjacent apparently unaffected regions, as opposed to radiation directed to only the affected regions of the body. Because lower half Hodgkin's disease is uncommon, the study was confined to patients presenting with upper half disease, without 'B' symptoms. Diagnostic laparotomy and splenectomy was not considered to be a mandatory investigation and at the commencement of the study was recommended by only two collaborators. By the completion of the study the majority of collaborators were recommending this procedure routinely. This study therefore includes two additional subgroups of patients with Stages I, IIA (upper half) Hodgkin's disease. In the laparotomised group of patients a 10-year survival rate of almost 95% with either 'local' or 'prophylactic' irradiation suggests that wide field irradiation (including total nodal irradiation) is not essential in the cure of apparently localised Stages I, IIA (upper half) Hodgkin's disease, provided the extent of the disease has been accurately determined by previous investigation. In those patients treated with strictly 'localised' (as opposed to 'prophylactic') irradiation, relapses in adjacent unirradiated regions have been completely controlled by additional treatment, usually irradiation, and none have died of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7273646 TI - Evaluation of diagnostic laparotomy and splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease (Report no 12). PMID- 7273647 TI - Radiotherapy or chemotherapy as the initial treatment for stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease (Report no 13). AB - This report describes three comparative studies of treatment methods in patients with Stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease in whom the extent of disease had been confirmed by a diagnostic laparotomy. The first trial (1970-75) compared TNI with MOPP. The recurrence-free survival curve for patients treated with TNI was significantly better than that for those treated with MOPP at four years, but the survival rate of the two cohorts was identical, presumably because of good salvage treatment. The second study (1975-80) compared TNI with TNI followed by LOPP. Initially the addition of LOPP appeared to improve the disease-free survival rate but at three years no difference was apparent between the two treatment groups. The third (1980-present) study divides patients into those with and those without splenic involvement. Retrospective analysis of all patients included in the BNLI with Stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease confirmed by laparotomy and treated initially by TNI shows that splenic involvement does not influence the survival but decreases the relapse-free survival rate, making additional treatment with MOPP necessary in 75% of long-term survivors. In the current study, patients without splenic involvement are treated with TNI whereas those with splenic involvement are treated initially with chemotherapy, randomising between MOPP and LOPP. PMID- 7273648 TI - Complications in the management of the malignant lymphomas (Report no 15). AB - This report reviews the common complications associated with the investigation and treatment of the lymphomas and enumerates the complications recorded so far in the 1410 patients with Hodgkin's disease registered in the British National Lymphoma Investigation. Long-term follow-up of these patients will allow a better understanding of the overall risks of splenectomy. The incidence of leukaemia and other lymphomas in the group of patients studied in the BNLI is extremely low. Two patients developed non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, one having had radiotherapy alone and the other MOPP alone. Two patients developed acute myeloid leukaemia, one after mantle radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy and one after MOPP alone. A fifth patient treated with MOPP alone developed a rapidly fatal acute lymphatic leukaemia three years later. This low incidence of second malignancies may be related to the relatively non-aggressive treatment schedules utilised by the BNLI. PMID- 7273649 TI - Radiotherapy in the treatment of localised non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Report no 16). AB - This report describes the experience of the BNLI in the treatment of localised (Stage I, II) non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). About a third of all patients with NHL presenting to collaborators in the BNLI were considered after investigation to have localised disease. This relatively large number suggests that some cases may have been understaged. Patients with Grade 1 disease were treated with either local irradiation or with local irradiation followed by chlorambucil. Survival rates in the two groups were essentially similar and it appeared that radiotherapy alone provided equally effective treatment. Patients with Grade 2 lymphomas were treated with either local irradiation or with local irradiation followed by COP. Primary nodal disease was not obviously affected by the addition of chemotherapy. Extranodal disease arising in the gut below the diaphragm appeared to be adversely affected by the irradiation which was of necessity spread over several weeks, delaying the use of chemotherapy. Extranodal disease arising in the head and neck region is controlled in about 80% of patients and the routine use of prophylactic combination chemotherapy confers no benefit to the patient. PMID- 7273651 TI - Radiological assessement of fetal growth retardation. AB - Ultrasonic screening to identify fetuses suffering from intrauterine placental insufficiency will diagnose this condition, but will also produce a large number of false positives. The fetal subcutaneous fat is visible on an antenatal radiograph and is severely reduced with fetal starvation. A method of quantifying the fetal fat is described and the results of this assessment are correlated with the birthweight and maturity at birth. The technique has proved useful in the assessment of suspected fetal starvation, where the diagnosis or its severity is in doubt on clinical assessment. PMID- 7273650 TI - The management of generalised grade 2 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (Report no 18). AB - This report describes a comparison of combination chemotherapy (CHOP) with total body irradiation (TBI) in the management of Stages III and IV Grade 2 non Hodgkin's lymphoma. This prospective randomised study was carried out by the BNLI between 1974 and 1978. One hundred and fourteen previously untreated patients were accepted: 66 received CHOP and 48 TBI. Complete remission was obtained in 39% of patients treated with CHOP and 23% with TBI. This difference is not significant. However, when comparison is stratified for Stage III disease the survival of the CHOP-treated group is statistically significant (chi(2) = 4.125: 0.05 greater than P greater than 0.025). This difference in favour of CHOP is most marked in patients with poorly differentiated histology. Only 46% of patients receiving CHOP remain alive at the time of this report. There is urgent need for more effective treatment in the management of this type of lymphoma. PMID- 7273652 TI - Radiological patterns and significance of thyroid calcification. PMID- 7273653 TI - Xeroradiographic tomography of the larynx. AB - Adequate assessment of disease extent is vital for tumour control in the larynx. Xeroradiography using a tomographic technique was investigated. A preliminary study was carried out to assess the optimum technique and exposure. It was also found that the radiation dose to the skin, although just over twice that for film, could be halved by the removal of the secondary radiation grid. Images of 24 patients treated were assessed for soft tissue and bony detail, and it was found that the xerotomograms were beneficial to the radiotherapy planning of the treatment volume of laryngeal and related neck carcinomas. PMID- 7273654 TI - Acute presentation of renal tumours. PMID- 7273655 TI - Computers in medical practice. PMID- 7273656 TI - China hands. PMID- 7273657 TI - Thin needle aspiration biopsy in a service hospital. PMID- 7273658 TI - [Evaluation of intestinal absorption of calcium in rats treated with synthetic anabolic agents and untreated. New study technics]. PMID- 7273659 TI - [Mental disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with L-dopa]. PMID- 7273660 TI - [Experience with the use of papaverolina in patients with arterial diseases]. PMID- 7273661 TI - [Experimental osteoporosis caused by calcium deficiency in rats: treatment with calcium salts and synthetic anabolic drugs]. PMID- 7273662 TI - [Delayed-action clonidine capsules in the therapy of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7273663 TI - [Clonidine in the treatment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Preliminary report]. PMID- 7273664 TI - [Therapy of pulmonary edema: new trends in the use of vasodilator agents]. PMID- 7273665 TI - Thallium ingestion with survival: ineffectiveness of peritoneal dialysis and potassium chloride diuresis. AB - A 52-year-old man who ingested 20 g of thallium iodide and survived is reported. Therapy included gastrointestinal decontamination, peritoneal dialysis, and potassium chloride diuresis. Peritoneal dialysis removed 4% of the calculated ingested dose in a 24-h period and potassium chloride diuresis 2%, an insignificant amount in light of the ingested dose of thallium. The primary method of treatment of thallium poisoning remains prompt gastrointestinal decontamination. PMID- 7273666 TI - Acute poisoning with thiazolidine carboxylic acid. PMID- 7273667 TI - Incidence of late arrhythmias following tricyclic antidepressant overdose. AB - The case records of 129 patients hospitalized because of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) poisoning were analyzed to determine the incidence of late arrhythmias. All patients who developed cardiovascular or central nervous system complications of TCA overdose did so within 1 h of admission. No patients developed arrhythmias once they became alert and had a normal cardiogram for 1 h; a 24-h period of inpatient monitoring is suggested as sufficient follow-up for such patients provided they have no underlying cardiac disease. PMID- 7273668 TI - Ethanol-induced spontaneous and evoked EEG, heart rate, and respiration rate changes in man. PMID- 7273669 TI - Envenomation following the bite of a wandering garter snake (Thamnophis elegans vagrans). AB - Following a prolonged bite by a large specimen of the wandering garter snake (Thamnophis elegans vagrans), symptoms of envenomation rapidly developed. Swelling, edema, pain, and localized hemorrhaging occurred but without the subsequent onset of systemic manifestations. The bite recipient was carefully examined and the evolution of poisoning monitored. Depending upon duration of the bite and inclination of the snake, members of this species are capable of occasionally causing mild envenomation in humans, inducing localized poisoning not unlike that seen following bites by small Crotalidae (pit vipers). PMID- 7273670 TI - Studies on the efficacy of gastric lavage as practiced in a large metropolitan hospital. AB - The efficacy of gastric lavage as it is practiced in a major metropolitan hospital was evaluated. From a population of 76 patients with chemical evidence of sedative-hypnotic drugs in the blood, two or more therapeutic doses were recovered from 15.8% of the lavage samples, and 10 or more therapeutic doses were recovered from 6.6%. In a population consisting of patients with detectable quantities of drugs in the lavage sample, diazepam and amitriptyline are more adequately recovered than the sedative-hypnotic drugs. Very poor recoveries were obtained in patients lavaged more than 2 h after ingestion except in cases of amitriptyline overdose or massive sedative-hypnotic ingestion. The study indicates that inadequate criteria are employed in selecting patients most likely to benefit from lavage. Dose, time since ingestion, and symptomatology are discussed as criteria for selection of patients for lavage. PMID- 7273672 TI - Chemical test papers for the clinical laboratory: the new frontier of "solid solution chemistry". PMID- 7273671 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant overdose: clinical and pharmacologic observations. AB - Forty-seven patients with confirmed TCA overdoses were thoroughly evaluated with regard to clinical and electrocardiographic findings. In 22 patients plasma levels of the primary TCA and the desmethyl metabolite were determined. We found that both neurologic and cardiovascular complications were common, but independent of each other. While plasma levels of the parent of TCA compound correlated best with the neurologic disturbances, cardiac abnormalities were more related to the desmethyl metabolite level. Although plasma levels correlate with the clinical findings, sufficient overlap between normal and abnormal levels and findings exist that we do not feel that routine measurement of plasma levels is clinically useful at this time. PMID- 7273673 TI - Toxicology and clinical toxicology in Uruguay. PMID- 7273674 TI - Enterogastric cycle and intoxication with hydroquinidine: a case report. PMID- 7273675 TI - Acute, massive poisoning with digitoxin: report of seven cases and discussion of treatment. AB - Severe digitoxin poisoning in seven patients is reported. Doses taken varied from 2 to 20 mg, and maximal plasma concentrations of digitoxin from 50 to 237 nmol/L. One patient died from ventricular fibrillation, and the course in another was considerably protracted due to severe complications. The course in all patients was more dependent on underlying heart disease than on the plasma digitoxin concentration. Based on our own experiences and survey of the literature the following treatment is proposed: Gastric aspiration and lavage followed by instillation of activated charcoal should even be performed many hours after drug intake. In order to interrupt the enterohepatic circulation of digitoxin, repeated doses of charcoal should be given. Charcoal is preferable to cholestyramine because of its better tolerability. Ventricular arrhythmias should not be treated unless they are serious, because most antiarrhythmic drugs may further impede the AV-conduction. Phenytoin is the drug of choice, because the AV conduction is less affected or even improved, and because the metabolism of digitoxin is accelerated. Conduction disturbances with bradycardia are frequently seen and may occur suddenly. Prophylactic introduction of a transvenous pacing catheter is therefore recommended as a routine procedure. PMID- 7273676 TI - Acute yellow phosphorus poisoning from pesticide pastes. AB - Ten cases of ingestion of yellow phosphorus rat poison, including four cases that occurred during the past 3 years, are reported. Comparison of these cases with 82 others from the literature showed that ingestion of yellow phosphorus paste often results in clinical findings that are different from those described for acute yellow phosphorus poisoning in current toxicology texts. The time lag between swallowing of the poison and onset of symptoms varied from a few minutes to 24 h. Garlic odor, mucosal burns, and phosphorescent vomitus or feces occurred in only a small percentage of cases. Diarrhea was not a presenting complaint. Initial symptoms were referable to the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, or both. Mortality rates were 23% for patients who had early symptoms of vomiting or abdominal pain; 73% for those where the first manifestation of intoxication was restlessness, irritability, drowsiness, stupor, or coma; and 47% for patients who had a combination of these GI and CNS symptoms initially. Applying standard diagnostic criteria for yellow phosphorus poisoning to patients who have consumed yellow phosphorus pastes may result in serious diagnostic errors. PMID- 7273678 TI - Separation of organophosphate, chlorinated, and carbamate insecticides using conventional and reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography. AB - This paper demonstrates that the RPTLC system can be used as a confirmation tool for regular adsorption TLC because it separates the pesticides of interest and also reverses their positions on the plate due to their partitioning with water solubility. A clinical procedure was devised for screening samples of gastric and urine for chlorinated, organophosphate, and carbamate insecticides via the use of conventional TLC. The presence of these insecticides was then confirmed by reverse-phase TLC via spotted TLC plates. In view of the plethora of insecticides currently found in the home, and in view of the numerous incidents of adults and children accidentally or purposely ingesting them. This confirming procedure should prove to be a clinically valuable tool in crucial emergency situations. PMID- 7273677 TI - Application of GLC-AFID and GLC-MS procedures to analysis of plasma in suspected cases of psychotropic drug overdose. PMID- 7273679 TI - Color test for detection of 1-piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile (PCC) in illicit phencyclidine. PMID- 7273680 TI - Meprobamate. PMID- 7273681 TI - Medical complications of gastric surgery for peptic ulcer. PMID- 7273682 TI - Nosocomial infections. PMID- 7273683 TI - Antimicrobial agent-associated colitis and diarrhea. AB - Diarrhea is a common, often self-limited complication of therapy with a wide variety of antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agent-associated pseudomembranous colitis is almost always caused by C. difficile; approximately one-third of cases of nonspecific colitis or diarrhea without colitis are also caused by C. difficile. The organism can be detected by culture of fecal material and by demonstration of a neutralizable cytotoxin in feces. Although orally administered vancomycin is extremely effective for treatment of C. difficile-induced diarrhea or colitis, therapy should be reserved for the more seriously ill patient or the patient with protracted diarrhea because of the potential for multiple relapses following discontinuation of vancomycin. PMID- 7273684 TI - Surgical management of young persons with inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7273685 TI - Hemorrhoids. PMID- 7273686 TI - Epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 7273687 TI - Prevention of stress ulcers in the critically ill patient. PMID- 7273688 TI - The hydrogen breath test and gastrointestinal disorders. PMID- 7273689 TI - Health education -- whose responsibility? PMID- 7273690 TI - A survey of blood pressure in 10-year-old children of a health district together with a consideration of screening policy for hypertension. PMID- 7273691 TI - Wheezing, dampness, and coal fires. PMID- 7273692 TI - Intensive rehabilitation after stroke: service implications. PMID- 7273693 TI - Delay in the presentation of breast symptoms for consultant investigation. PMID- 7273694 TI - First steps towards value for money: the first report from the European Collaborative Hospital Study. PMID- 7273695 TI - Working it out together. Report of the Faculty of Community Medicine Training Conference 1981. PMID- 7273696 TI - The role of the specialist in community medicine with a special interest in capital development. PMID- 7273697 TI - Who is to follow the specialist in community medicine (child health)? PMID- 7273698 TI - The use of community medicine posts in vocational training for general practice. Guidelines prepared by a Joint Working Party of the Liason Committee of the Royal College of General Practitioners and the Faculty of Community Medicine. PMID- 7273699 TI - Evolution and structure of the New Zealand College of Community Medicine. PMID- 7273700 TI - The effect of five tricyclic antidepressants on salivary flow and mood in healthy volunteers. PMID- 7273701 TI - Comparison of midday serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in depressed patients and normal controls. PMID- 7273702 TI - Activation of adenylate cyclase in rat striatum by an ergoline dopamine agonist, pergolide. PMID- 7273703 TI - The antidepressant effects of trazodone and inhibition of platelet serotonin reuptake. PMID- 7273705 TI - In normal young men acute dopaminergic blockade does not impair free water excretion following a standard water load. PMID- 7273704 TI - Amitriptyline and nortriptyline plasma levels monitoring. Perspective in clinical practice. PMID- 7273706 TI - Apomorphine, haloperidol and the average evoked potentials in normal human volunteers. PMID- 7273707 TI - Volume measurement based on serial ultrasound tomograms. PMID- 7273708 TI - Automated impedence: a case study in microprocessor programming. PMID- 7273709 TI - Pocket calculator program to compute normal values for echocardiographic measurements in children. PMID- 7273710 TI - Pocket calculator program: Welch's v statistic. PMID- 7273711 TI - MUMPS: second decade design considerations. PMID- 7273712 TI - MUMPS--an evolutionary commentary. PMID- 7273713 TI - Automated calvaria analysis from computerized axial tomographic scans. PMID- 7273714 TI - Automated tissue analysis from computerized axial tomographic scans. PMID- 7273715 TI - A computer program for the analysis of matched case-control studies. PMID- 7273717 TI - Syntactic filtering of ECG waveforms. PMID- 7273716 TI - A computer-based system for identifying suicide attemptors. PMID- 7273719 TI - Data entry errors in an on-line operation. PMID- 7273718 TI - Piecewise analysis of EEGs using AR-modeling and clustering. PMID- 7273721 TI - Peak-to-peak amplitude of the high-frequency QRS: a simple, quantitative index of high-frequency potentials. PMID- 7273720 TI - Stepwise probit discrimination with specific application to short-term prognosis in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7273722 TI - GELLAB: a computer system for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis. III. Multiple two-dimensional gel analysis. PMID- 7273723 TI - An experiment in automated health care evaluation from narrative medical records. PMID- 7273724 TI - Computerized measurement of the first derivative of the QRS complex: theoretical and practical considerations. PMID- 7273725 TI - An automated clinical research and data analysis system. PMID- 7273726 TI - A computerized cardiovascular data base system: application in arrhythmia research. PMID- 7273727 TI - Compositae dermatitis. Current aspects. AB - Clinical features, botany, phytochemistry, patch testing, ecology and the absence of a role for pollen in Compositae dermatitis are discussed with a review of current aspects of photosensitivity for pathogenesis. It appears that the plants yield photoallergen(s) not yet identified. PMID- 7273729 TI - Contact allergy to propylene oxide and isopropyl alcohol in a skin disinfectant swab. AB - Two laboratory assistants developed contact dermatitis from a disposable swab for pre-injection use, containing isopropyl alcohol 70% and propylene oxide 1%. Patch testing gave position allergic reactions to propylene oxide in both patients, one of whom also reacted to isopropyl alcohol. Testing of 25 control persons gave negative results. PMID- 7273728 TI - Contact dermatitis to estradiol benzoate. AB - Three patients developed facial dermatitis after contact with preparations containing estradiol benzoate. Patch tests were positive to estradiol benzoate 0.1% in MEK but negative to other related estrogens including estradiol. All three patients also had positive tests to resorcinol monobenzoate and two out of three to balsam of Peru. Most likely estradiol benzoate was the primary sensitizer. PMID- 7273731 TI - Contact dermatitis from a permanent acupuncture needle. PMID- 7273732 TI - Contact sensitivity to oxyphenbutazone. PMID- 7273730 TI - Contact dermatitis from a cigarette constituent. PMID- 7273733 TI - Windsurfer dermatitis from black rubber components. PMID- 7273734 TI - Contact dermatitis from a copper-containing intrauterine contraceptive device. PMID- 7273736 TI - Colophony sensitivity--a regional variant. PMID- 7273735 TI - Allergen transfer between individuals as a cause of contact dermatitis. PMID- 7273737 TI - Metal content in Spanish coins. PMID- 7273738 TI - Formaldehyde in household cleaning agents. PMID- 7273739 TI - Dermatitis from Eusolex 8021 sunscreen agent in a cosmetic. PMID- 7273740 TI - Atranorin and oak moss contact allergy. PMID- 7273741 TI - Contact allergy to phenoplastics. PMID- 7273742 TI - A patch test reagent storage cabinet. PMID- 7273743 TI - Immediate reactions to patent blue dye. PMID- 7273744 TI - Non-inflammatory onycholysis from formaldehyde-containing nail hardener. PMID- 7273745 TI - A woman psychiatrist's view of the challenges of professional and family responsibilities. PMID- 7273746 TI - The American Medical Women's Association and today's practicing woman physician. PMID- 7273747 TI - Women physicians in Connecticut: a survey. PMID- 7273748 TI - Changing teenage eating behavior. PMID- 7273749 TI - Depression among women in medicine. PMID- 7273750 TI - The Office for Women in Medicine at Yale. PMID- 7273751 TI - Patterns of frozen plasma use. PMID- 7273752 TI - Reversal of the uremic syndrome with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 7273753 TI - Thrombosis of the axillary artery and brachial plexus injury secondary to shoulder dislocation. PMID- 7273754 TI - Complacent infantile starvation. PMID- 7273755 TI - The fiscal impact of hospital regulation. PMID- 7273756 TI - Health planning and anti-trust law. PMID- 7273757 TI - Research activity on systemic contraceptive drugs by the U.S. pharmaceutical industry, 1963-1976. AB - The process of drug development and regulation in the U.S. is first reviewed, with special reference to contraceptives. We next summarize recent data on all pharmaceutical innovation in terms of new chemical entities (NCEs) developed by the U.S.-owned pharmaceutical industry from 1963-1976, and then examine the data on all contraceptive NCEs brought to the stage of clinical investigation by the U.S.-owned firms during that period. Of the 956 NCEs studied in man by 39 U.S. owned firms, 20 NCEs from ten firms were identified as antifertility agents. Of these, 17 had INDs filed, three of the INDs reached NDA submission, and two of the submissions were approved. Since the mid-1960s there has been a decline in the number of antifertility NCEs taken into human testing anywhere in the world and in the number filed as INDs by U.S. firms. Apart from the approved NDAs, there were only two antifertility NCEs with active INDs at the end of 1976. There have been no marked differences between the oral systemic contraceptive NCEs marketed in the U.S. or Britain since 1963. However, taking both countries together, no true NCE has been introduced for systemic contraceptive use since 1968. Although this study shows declining activity in research on contraceptive NCEs by the U.S. industry, thus supporting to some extent Djerassi's prediction of a decade ago, it should be recognized that it does not include complete data on the research activities in this area by the U.S. government or other non industrial organizations, or on research sponsored by any group on new contraceptive methods other than NCEs. PMID- 7273758 TI - Contraceptives and the conceptus. II. Sex of the fetus and neonate after oral contraceptive use. AB - The sex distribution of 1421 induced abortuses and 2986 newborn infants was correlated with maternal contraceptive histories. Sex of abortuses was determined by chromosome and sex chromatin analyses. No statistically significant differences (P Greater Than 10) were found between the sex ratios either of the fetuses or of the infants of women who used hormonal (oral) contraceptives as compared to those of noncontraceptive controls nor between the induced and newborn series. Also, no correlation was found between sex of the conceptus and total duration of oral contraceptive use, or interval between termination of contraceptive use and conception. Therefore, if the use of low dose oral hormonal contraceptives has an effect on the sex of subsequent offspring, it is likely to be small since the 95% confidence interval for the sex ratios for the oral contraceptive groups divided by the sex ratios of the noncontraceptive group (odds ratio) are 0.80 to 1.22 for induced abortions, and 0.82 to 1.10 for newborns. These conclusions are not in agreement with some earlier reports, generally of small samples, but they are consistent with the results of Rothman and Liess (1976) from a sample of 6109 infants born to oral contraceptive users. PMID- 7273759 TI - Long-term clinical experience with the Cu-7-IUD. Evaluation of a prospective study. AB - In a prospective Swedish three-center study, totally 1446 women wearing a Cu-7 IUD were carefully followed for a minimum 2 years. Smaller subgroups have been followed for 4 years (n=278) or for even longer periods up to 8 years (n=48) with the same Cu-7-IUD in situ. Data are given concerning continuation rate, efficiency, expulsion, removals, pain, bleeding and risk for pelvic inflammatory disease. Prolonged use of the Cu-7-IUD beyond 2 years up to 4 years seems to be associated with fewer side effects and a lower incidence of accidental pregnancies than during the first 2 years of use. The computerized data confirm our earlier impression that the Cu-7-IUD provides a substantial efficacy and is associated with a relatively low rate of adverse effects. PMID- 7273760 TI - Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels in women using oral contraceptives. AB - A study has been made of the serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) levels in six groups of women. Significant differences were found between the one pregnant group and the two reference groups as well as between the one pregnant group and two of the three groups using oral contraceptives. No significant differences were found between the reference groups and the ones taking oral contraceptives with oestrogenic concentrations of 0.05 mg or 0.03 mg ethinyl oestradiol for more than one year. It can therefore be concluded that in contrast with most other vitamins, the serum 25-HCC levels are not influenced by the use of oral contraceptives with different oestrogenic concentrations, even over a long period of time. PMID- 7273761 TI - Studies on ovarian and adrenal steroids at different phases of the menstrual cycle: II. A comparative assessment of the circadian variation in steroid and lutropin levels during the follicular, periovulatory and luteal phases. AB - In six normally menstruating women, ovarian and adrenal steroids and biologically active lutropin (LH) were measured in peripheral plasma samples collected every 3 h. during a period of 39 h. in the early follicular phase, periovulatory period or luteal phase of three consecutive cycles. The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of the phases of the cycle on the diurnal variation in the levels of different steroids and lutropin following the elimination of the between subject variation. Cortisol, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione showed a marked circadian rhythm in all three phases of the cycle. No changes in the levels of cortisol, 17 hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone with the phase of the cycle were observed when the "morning" samples were considered; however, when the "evening" samples were analyzed, the levels of these steroids were higher in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase. As a result of this increase, the amplitude of the circadian rhythm of these steroids considerably decreased in the luteal phase. The "morning" as well as the "evening" increase observed in the levels of androstenedione during the periovulatory period was not able to mask the circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm in pregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone levels was detected only in certain phases of the cycle. All these steroids showed a circadian rhythm in the early follicular phase. The rhythm of pregnenolone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone was still present in the periovulatory period but was no longer detectable in the luteal phase, meanwhile that of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone was not demonstrable neither in the periovulatory period nor in the luteal phase. Compared to the levels of the follicular phase, an increase in pregnenolone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels was observed in the periovulatory period which was followed by a further rise in the luteal phase. This increase completely masked the circadian rhythm in the luteal phase. An inverse circadian rhythm in lutropin levels was detected during the luteal phase. The "morning" values were lower than those found during the "evening" period. No such changes were observed in the other phases of the cycle. In none of the phases studied did the levels of progesterone or estradiol show any circadian variation. The data indicate that a circadian rhythm in the peripheral levels of a given steroid mainly depends on the relative contributions of the ovaries and adrenals and that these contributions exhibit major differences at the various phases of the cycles. It is concluded that - in contradistinction to the situation in the human male - in normally menstruating women, the peripheral levels of steroids of predominantly gonadal origin do not exhibit a circadian rhythmicity. PMID- 7273762 TI - Cyclic variation of proteinase inhibitors in human uterine fluid and influence of an IUD. AB - The occurrence of the serum proteinase inhibitors in uterine fluid has been evaluated using a quantitative immunoelectrophoretic method. Low concentration of inhibitors were found in the proliferative phase and at midcycle, and high concentrations in the luteal phase. In the presence of an IUD, increased concentrations of inhibitors were found in the proliferative phase and at midcycle. This may result from an increased transudation associated with local inflammation of the endometrium. Plasma proteinase inhibitors in the uterine fluid may help to balance proteinases associated with the intrauterine stages of reproduction. Increased amounts of native inhibitors in the presence of an IUD may disturb this normal balance. PMID- 7273763 TI - Comparison of plasma and myometrial tissue concentrations of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone in nonpregnant women. AB - Plasma and myometrial tissue concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured by radioimmunoassay techniques in samples obtained from women with regular menstrual cycles and from women in pre- or postmenopausal age. In women with regular cycles, the tissue concentration of E2 ranged from 0.13 to 1.06 ng/g wet weight, with significantly higher levels around ovulation than in follicular or luteal phases of the cycle. The tissue concentration of P ranged from 2.06 to 14.85 ng/g wet weight with significantly higher level in luteal phase than in follicular phase. The tissue/plasma ratio of E2 ranged from 1.45 to 20.36 with very high values in early follicular phase and the lowest in mid luteal phase. The ratio for P ranged from 0.54 to 23.7 and was significantly lower in the luteal phase than in other phases of the cycle. One woman in premenopausal age with an ovarian cyst was the only case with a tissue/plasma ratio of E2 Less Than 1, since her plasma E2 levels were exceptionally high. In postmenopausal women, the tissue concentration of E2 was not significantly lower than in menstruating women in follicular phase, and the tissue concentration of P was not significantly lower than in fertile women in any of the phases. Neither in these women nor in menstruating women was there a close correlation between tissue and plasma levels. The present data indicate that the myometrial uptake capacity for ovarian steroids may be saturated, and also that a certain amount of these steroids is bound to tissue even if plasma levels are low. PMID- 7273764 TI - Complications of pregnancy and labor in former oral contraceptive users. AB - Complications of pregnancy and delivery, and obstetric interventions, were studied in a sample of Israeli women questioned post-partum about contraceptive use. The 2,953 women who had used the pill were compared with 13,630 controls. There were no significant differences between users and controls in the frequencies of bleeding in pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa, placental abruption, fetal distress or asphyxia, ABO incompatibility, hydramnios, transverse lie, cephalopelvic disproportion, and persistent occipitoposterior or post-partum hemorrhage. New cases of hypertension, varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, urinary tract infection, and cervicitis were reported in primigravidae and multigravidae without past histories of these conditions; there were no differences between oral contraceptive users and controls other than an excess of cervicitis in primigravidae among former users. There was a slight decrease in normal deliveries in former oral contraceptive users due to an increase in inductions of labor. On the other hand, rates of forceps and vacuum deliveries, caesarian sections, and interventions in the third stage did not differ between former oral contraceptive users and controls. These results indicate that former oral contraceptive users can anticipate the same frequency of complications of pregnancy and labor as women who have used other, or no, methods of contraception. PMID- 7273765 TI - Pharmacokinetics of norethisterone oenanthate in humans. AB - The pharmacokinetics of a dose of 200 mg NET-OEN were studied after intramuscular injection into nine subjects. Blood levels of NET and NET-OEN increased rapidly, reaching peaks in most subjects within seven days. At all times after injection, serum levels of NET exceeded those of NET-OEN. The half-life of absorption varied from 5.4 to 22.3 days and the half-life of elimination varied from 7.5 to 22.5 days; there was a significant correlation (R = 0.78) between these two half lives. There were significant correlations between the absorption half-lives and the peak values of NET and NET-OEN, the time to reach peak values and the time for which NET was detectable in serum. In all subjects NET was detectable in the circulation for a longer time after injection (mean value 74 days) than NET-OEN (mean value 43 days). The time for which the two steroids were detectable in the circulation showed a significant correlation with the elimination half-lives but there was no correlation with the peak values attained, the time taken to reach peak values and bioavailability. There was a two-fold variation between the subjects in the bioavailability of NET, less than 5% of the bioavailable NET was released after day 60. PMID- 7273766 TI - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies with vaginal devices releasing norethisterone at a constant, near zero order. PMID- 7273767 TI - Nelaton catheter versus laminaria for a safe and gradual cervical dilatation. AB - During the first trimester of abortion, the Nelaton catheter can be used for the gradual, safe softening and dilatation of the cervix, just as the laminaria. Based on the results obtained from more than 1000 cases, we reached the conclusion that the effectiveness of cervical softening by the Nelaton catheter is almost equal to the laminaria and its efficiency in the dilatation of the cervix is similar or slightly inferior to the laminaria. In addition, this simple device had less risks when compared to those associated with laminaria. Therefore, the Nelaton catheter appears to be as effective as the laminaria for a safe and gradual cervical dilatation. PMID- 7273768 TI - Reversible inhibition of spermatogenesis by a long-acting dimeric ethynodiol testosterone ester. PMID- 7273769 TI - Antifertility and endocrine activities of gossypol in rodents. AB - Reversible male antifertility activity was obtained with orally administered gossypol acetic acid in rats at 20 mg/kg/day and in hamsters at 10 mg/kg/day but not in mice at dosages up to 40 mg/kg/day. An increased number of degenerating spermatocytes was found in the testicular tubular lumens of rats. Pigment-laden cells containing an intracytoplasmic lipofuscin-like material were noted in the testis and epididymal interstitium in rats and mice. Gossypol was also tested in the female for effects on ovulation and pregnancy. Gossypol did not inhibit ovulation in the rat at dosages up to 80 mg/kg/day but did cause 90% inhibition of pregnancy in mice treated with 80 mg/kg/day during the first two weeks of pregnancy. In several standard endocrine bioassays, gossypol did not demonstrate estrogenic, antiestrogenic, androgenic or antiandrogenic activities, but it did potentiate the androgenicity of methyltestosterone. PMID- 7273770 TI - The development of pseudopterygia in hard contact lens wearers. PMID- 7273771 TI - "Gas permeable contact lenses: an overview". PMID- 7273772 TI - Confidence in contact lens fitting. PMID- 7273773 TI - Surface deterioration of soft contact lenses. PMID- 7273774 TI - The pharmacokinetics of antibiotics vehicled by soft contact lenses: an experimental approach. PMID- 7273775 TI - Hard lenses from elsewhere. PMID- 7273777 TI - Observations on the long-term wear of conventional soft contact lenses in aphakia. PMID- 7273776 TI - Aphakic extended wear-- one solution to the problems that occur. PMID- 7273778 TI - Sof-form (Deltafilcon A) contact lenses. PMID- 7273779 TI - Inexpensive device to improve the Echo-Oculometer 3000. PMID- 7273781 TI - Results from the vision care survey relative to the profile of contact lens fitters. PMID- 7273782 TI - Aphakic extended wear--one solution to the problems that occur. PMID- 7273780 TI - Policy on cataract with glaucoma. PMID- 7273783 TI - Sterile insertion of permanent wear lenses. PMID- 7273784 TI - Management of refractive errors in myopic athletes. A comparison of the Bausch and Lomb Soflens (Polymacon) contact lenses with glasses, hard lenses, and no correction. PMID- 7273785 TI - Therapeutic conjunctival flaps and tarsorrhaphy. PMID- 7273786 TI - Questions and answers on contact lenses. PMID- 7273787 TI - Questions and answers on intraocular lenses. PMID- 7273788 TI - Disulfiram-alcohol reaction caused by contact lens wetting solution. PMID- 7273789 TI - Symposium: how to solve flexible lens care problems. PMID- 7273790 TI - Conducting clinical trials with practicing community oncologists. AB - The practicing community oncologist has limited time and opportunity to participate in clinical trials of new cancer therapy. However, the majority of patients treated are seen in the community setting that there is increasing interest in getting community oncologists involved in these trials. This paper outlines a currently active program that has succeeded in engaging the participation of 70% of the available oncologists in the Colorado region. PMID- 7273791 TI - Factors influencing the interim interpretation of a breast cancer trial: danger of achieving the "expected" result. AB - Interim analyses of a metastatic breast cancer trial suggested a significant survival benefit for a five-drug combination chemotherapy compared to a single agent sequential treatment. Subsequent analyses failed to support this observation. Factors influencing the interim interpretation of this trial were investigated and found to include: delayed reporting of data in key cases, treatment effect limited to a patient subset, and problems related to achieving the "expected" result. PMID- 7273795 TI - Response bias in Korsakoff's syndrome. AB - The contribution of response bias to the amnesia of Korsakoff's syndrome was studied. Ten Korsakoff patients and ten alcoholic controls were asked for confidence ratings in a recognition memory task. Parametric signal detection measures (d', Cx) were considered appropriate. Korsakoff subjects displayed a more cautious response bias to patterns than did alcoholics. PMID- 7273794 TI - Introduction to sample size determination and power analysis for clinical trials. AB - The importance of sample size evaluation in clinical trials is reviewed and a general method is presented from which specific equations are derived for sample size determination or the analysis of power for a wide variety os statistical procedures. The method is discussed and illustrated in relation to the t test, tests for proportions, tests of survival time, and tests for correlations as they commonly occur in clinical trials. Most of the specific equations reduce to a simple general form for which tables are presented. PMID- 7273792 TI - Analysis of survival data with nonproportional hazard functions. AB - The log-rank test or the proportional hazard model is a valuable, widely accepted method for analyzing time-to-response data from comparative clinical trials. When the hazard ratio is constant in time, this procedure is optimal. Indiscriminate or unthinking use of this approach results in problems in the determination of treatment differences. For example, when the true survival curves intersect, the hazard ratio cannot be constant, i.e., the hazard functions are not proportional. It is shown that by considering time-by-treatment interactions we gain flexibility in describing the relationships among hazard functions. In this paper we demonstrate with the results of a clinical trial how available methodology can be used to permit tests for the appropriateness of the model and to enable informative analysis of such data. PMID- 7273796 TI - How similar is the effect of cueing in amnesics and in normal subjects following forgetting? AB - Verbal recognition and cued recall were compared in normal subjects after intervals of 15 minutes, one week and six weeks. When given cues subjects were encouraged to produce as many appropriate words as possible in a 30 second period and rate the words for familiarity. Guessing controls were used and subjects' skill at generating words without a memory component was also assessed. The results confirmed others in showing that cued recall declines more slowly over time than recognition. Further, although subjects cued well at six weeks they did not feel correctly cued words to be familiar. A similar effect has been noted with amnesic cueing. Also, at the six week interval, correct words tended to be generated later than after the shorter intervals, and there was a correlation between cued recall and cueing skill in general. These findings suggest that normal subjects who have largely forgotten and, probably, also amnesics use cues differently from normal subjects who are tested immediately after learning. PMID- 7273793 TI - Gnosis and random allotment. PMID- 7273798 TI - Familial handedness and sex differences in strength of hand preference. AB - Handedness inventory scores and details of familial handedness were obtained for 54 males and 71 females. For males the handedness distributions of subjects with and without familial sinistrality (FS) did not differ significantly. For females more extreme handedness scores were observed for subjects with FS in both left and right handed ranges of the handedness distribution. Sex differences in handedness were apparent only in subjects with FS, where females displayed more extreme scores at both ends of the distribution. These results are discussed in terms of possible genetic, environmental and other influences on the expression of manual asymmetry and it is concluded that at present we have insufficient information to be able to adequately explain variations in handedness in terms of one or more such influences. PMID- 7273797 TI - Intercorrelation of laterality indices. AB - Five previously proposed laterality indices were found to correlate very highly with each other in both a verbal dichotic listening task and a work recognition task, despite large individual differences in overall accuracy. In the dichotic listening task, all of the laterality indices were positively correlated with overall accuracy; that is, accuracy increased as the magnitude of the laterality effect increased. In the word recognition task, however, no consistent relationship was found between laterality and accuracy. PMID- 7273799 TI - A similarity between weak normal memory and amnesia with two and eight choice word recognition: a signal detection analysis. AB - Two and eight choice recognition memory was compared in a group of normal individuals shortly after learning a list of words and seven days later. In addition to selecting the correct response, subjects were required to indicate the confidence of their choices. The results showed that eight choice recognition performance was differentially worse than two choice recognition at delayed compared to immediate test. These results were similar to some reported by Miller (1977) in which he compared recognition in dementing amnesics and controls at immediate test. While Miller interpreted his data in terms of a selective retrieval deficit in amnesics, our data suggests that both sets of results arise because Signal Detection Theory is applicable to recognition memory data. An additional result was that subjects felt they guessed correctly selected words more frequently after a delay. PMID- 7273800 TI - The effect of unilateral brain lesion on reasoning. AB - The results of the Four Card Problem and those of Perceptual Tests were compared in order to tease out the relevance of a "perceptual classification" deficit on reasoning. The prediction that right hemisphere brain lesions would facilitate insight into the problem was upheld. In addition all patients who had a specific perceptual classification deficit solved the problem. PMID- 7273802 TI - Sentence imagery and recall: an electroencephalographic evaluation of hemispheric processing in males and females. AB - Hemispheric alpha asymmetries were obtained for males and females during the presentation of sentences comprised of high imagery and low imagery words. The subject's task was to later recall lexical items for each imagery group. The subjects were also administered a modified version of Paivio's (1971) Individual Differences Questionnaire (IDQ). The results indicated that females appeared to process both sentence types left hemispherically while males used the right hemisphere for these stimuli. No difference in processing was found for the two imagery conditions. Females scored higher than males on both subtests of the IDQ and tended to recall more items from both imagery conditions. The results are discussed in terms of stimulus and task variables which may affect hemispheric processing. PMID- 7273801 TI - Remote memory in senile dementia. AB - This study was designed to examine Ribot's hypothesis that the probability of forgetting an event is inversely related to the time since the occurrence of that event. Patients with senile dementia (N = 20; mean age = 67.3) and normal controls (N = 24; mean age = 69.4) were given two tests of memory for persons and events that became famous between 1930 and 1975. The results indicate that patients with senile dementia do have significant (p less than .001) difficulty recalling information from remote memory. The results do not support Ribot's hypothesis, however. The dementia patients show a relatively consistent recall deficit over the time period examined. There appears to be a trend for poorer recall of material from the 1960s and 1970s, possibly reflecting anterograde learning deficits early in the course of senile dementia. PMID- 7273804 TI - Word-retrieval in aphasia: an investigation of semantic complexity. AB - Performance of aphasic subjects in adjective recognition and production tasks in which adjectives varied in semantic feature and markedness complexity was investigated. Twelve pairs of adjectives were examined in three experimental tasks; viz., picture recognition, antonym production, and sentence completion. Subjects were eight nonfluent and eight fluent aphasics. The results indicate significant differences in performance were dependent upon semantic features, markedness, experimental tasks, and type of aphasia. The discussion related semantic complexity to cognitive processes. PMID- 7273803 TI - Motor and cognitive interactions during lateralized cerebral functions in children: an EEG study. AB - Power spectra of hemispheric EEG asymmetries were recorded in children performing cognitive tasks requiring motor output. Verbal and spatial cognitive tasks were administered and subjects performed tasks with either right or left hand. The average power in the alpha band was computed. Significant changes in right/left ratios were obtained when the task changed from verbal to spatial. A major predictor of which hemisphere was most activated, however, was the hand involved in solving the task. It appears that attention must be directed to both the cognitive and motor components when investigating asymmetries of cerebral hemisphere function. PMID- 7273806 TI - Accuracy of naming laterally presented known faces by children and adults. AB - Two experiments investigating asymmetries in the naming of laterally presented known faces are reported. In Experiment I, upright and inverted faces of classmates or colleagues were presented bilaterally and unilaterally to seven year-old children, eleven-year-old children, and adults. A LVF (left visual hemifield) superiority was found for naming upright faces, unrelated to age. For inverted faces there was no difference between the visual hemifields. In Experiment II faces of famous people were used as stimuli. When adult subjects were given little indication as to which faces to expect (Condition A) there was no difference between the visual hemifields. When they were given a list of the faces to be used (Condition B) a LVF naming superiority was found. The results are interpreted as indicating superiority of the right cerebral hemisphere for a component of the processing of known faces that is of importance when the subject knows which faces he can expect to see. PMID- 7273805 TI - Severity of impairment or specific types of aphasia: an empirical investigation. AB - This study examined empirical means of clustering aphasic patients into relatively homogenous and identifiable groups. The method included: (1) examining the intercorrelations of the subtests of the Neurosensory Comprehensive Examination for Aphasia by the means of factor analysis; (2) allowing the subjects to group themselves in homogenous subgroups by means of hierarchical cluster analysis; and (3) comparing the profiles of these groups on the derived dimensions. Four factors accounting for 79.3% of their total test variance were derived which reflected attention/memory; reading ability; verbal-naming ability; and elementary writing skills. With five groups the hierarchical grouping analysis indicated that only 21.5% of the total variability could be ascribed to within group variability. An analysis of variance of the four factor scores found that 66%, 93%, 81% and 79% of the between group variance of each of the respective factors was associated with group membership and the accuracy of membership prediction was 94.1%. Four groups appeared to be distributed on the basis of a severity model of impairment. One group representing 6.3% of the total sample demonstrated a pattern of specific impairment involving a mild level of impairment on attention/memory tasks, a moderate level of impairment on verbal naming tasks and writing skills, and a profound level of impairment on measures of reading skills. The high inter-factor correlations indicated the general nature of language functioning. The results were discussed in terms of the concept of aphasia as a general cognitive deficit. PMID- 7273807 TI - How many intensive care beds does your hospital need? PMID- 7273808 TI - Dopamine administration in oliguria and oliguric renal failure. AB - Oliguric renal failure significanlty worsens the prognosis of many critical illnesses, particularly in patients with respiratory failure. In 52 patients, a continuous infusion of dopamine, 1.5-2.5 micrograms/kg . min, was administered when creatine clearance (Ccr) fell below 40 ml/min and urinary output was less than 1 ml/kg . h despite normal intravascular volume. In 18 patients, a continuous infusion of furosemide (3-5 mg/kg . day) was also administered. Daily, two 3-h collections of urine and blood specimens were obtained to determine Ccr, osmolar clearance (Cosm), free water clearance (CH2O) and excreted fraction of filtered sodium (FENa); one collection was made during dopamine infusion and one while the infusion was suspended. Cardiac output and pulmonary venous admixture were also measured. The authors obtained 199 urine collections in 52 patients; considering the aggregate patient pouplation, urinary output increased by 42.3% (30.2 +/- 3.45 (SEM) ml/h), on dopamine infusion. Cosm, FENa, and Ccr were also higher on dopamine. CH2O and hemodynamic variables were not altered by dopamine infusion. When patients were startified on the basis of mechanical ventilatory support, Ccr and furosemide administration, dopamine infusion essentially caused the same changes in the variables studied as described for the aggregate patient population. Diuresis and sodium excretion increased significantly on dopamine even in those patients receiving furosemide infusion. The authors conclude that fluid and osmolar load can be eliminated more effectively in critically ill patients with continuous infusion of 1.5-2.5 micrograms/kg . min of dopamine. PMID- 7273809 TI - Prolonged oro- or nasotracheal intubation. AB - From July 1975 to September 1979, 6 patients were treated with truly prolonged endotracheal intubation; the duration ranged from 55--155 days. Only patients who survived after extubation and were discharged from the hospital were included in this study. Of the 6 patients, 4 were still alive as of November 1980, 23 patients died from causes not related to the intubation. The most common complication was hoarseness, which occurred in 4 patients. During the time of the study, 3 patients who were intubated in excess of 50 days did not survive. In none of these cases was the patient's death related to the intubation. The authors believe that the risk of long-term intubation has been reduced significantly by the use of nasotracheal tubes and to the newer tube materials, which are completely biocompatible, and to improved techniques of cuff inflation. Complications to tracheostomy are less frequent, but often more serious, than complications of long-term nasotracheal intubation. PMID- 7273810 TI - Comparison of dopamine, dobutamine, and epinephrine in CPR. AB - Two new catecholamines, dopamine and dobutamine, have found widespread use for cardiovascular support. The relative efficacy of these drugs in aiding resuscitation from cardiopulmonary arrest is unknown. Dogs were subjected to either asphyxial or fibrillatory cardiac arrest. Resuscitation was attempted with artificial ventilation, closed chest cardiac massage, and one of four iv drug protocols: dopamine, 40 mg; epinephrine, 1 mg; dobutamine, 50 mg; or no drug. The incidence of successful resuscitation from both asphyxial and fibrillatory arrest was significantly greater in groups receiving dopamine or epinephrine than in groups receiving dobutamine or no drug. There was no difference in success between the dopamine and epinephrine groups. The authors conclude that, in dogs, dopamine is a useful adjunct to CPR because of its alpha-adrenergic stimulating activity at high doses. Dobutamine does not appear to be of value as the initial therapy of cardiac arrest. If the response in man is similar to that in dogs, dopamine may provide an alternative to epinephrine during CPR. PMID- 7273811 TI - Shock due to profound hypothermia and alcohol ingestion: report of two cases. AB - Cardiovascular failure (shock) associated with acute alcohol ingestion and severe hypothermia (core temperature 23 and 21 degrees C) was studied in 2 patients. In each case, perfusion failure was associated with lactacidemia, severe bradycardia, and agonal respirations. Infusion of fluids and mechanical ventilation reversed shock and prevented a fatal outcome. One case, complicated by renal failure and volume overload with pulmonary edema, was managed with peritoneal dialysis. These findings suggest that perfusion failure associated with severe accidental hypothermia after acute alcohol ingestion is due to a combination of hypovolemia, bradycardia, and respiratory depression. PMID- 7273812 TI - Normal pulmonary vascular resistance during acute respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 7273813 TI - Clinical evaluation of premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus: a scoring system with echocardiogram, acid-base, and blood gas correlations. AB - To provide a clinical assessment of cardiovascular dysfunction (CVD) in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a scoring system (CVD score) was devised and correlated with blood gases, acid-base balance, and echocardiogram. The score consisted of evaluation of heart rate, quality of peripheral arterial pulsation, degree of precordial pulsation, duration of murmur and cardiothoracic ratio on chest roentgenogram. There were 116 observations made on 55 premature infants who had PDA and required medical or surgical treatment. Significant positive correlations were seen for CVD score with left atrial (LA)/aortic (Ao) ratio (p less than 0.001), left ventricular and diastolic dimension (DD) (p less than 0.001), blood pH (p less than 0.01), and blood PCO2 (p less than 0.01). The scoring system may by used as a clinical guide when echocardiogram or angiogram is not available. PMID- 7273814 TI - Dilated fixed pupils due to administration of high doses of dopamine hydrochloride. AB - Five patients were treated with dopamine in doses over 30 micrograms/kg . min in severe circulatory shock and developed fixed dilated pupils. This phenomenon was most likely attributed to the use of dopamine. Further neurological examination gave no support to cerebral damage. Therefore, dilated pupils, unreactive to light, bear no relation to the neurological status during treatment with high doses of dopamine. PMID- 7273816 TI - Transvenous cardiac pacing in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - Despite widespread application of cardiac pacing to a wide variety of circumstances with minimal morbidity are remarkable success, the possible role of transvenous pacing in the acute setting of cardiac resuscitation has not been adequately evaluated. The authors report their experience with the use of transvenous pacemakers in 26 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Although electrical activity was induced by pacing in nearly one-third of those whose primary disturbance was asystole, electromechanical dissociation followed and survival was not improved. Of patients in whom complete heart block or other bradycardia occurred during CPR, and in whom the rhythm disturbance was unresponsive to conventional pharmacological therapy, capture was possible in 77%, and successful resuscitation in one-third. Complications were minimal. It is concluded that transvenous cardiac pacing is beneficial in acute bradycardia developing during CPR, but no benefit in asystole was demonstrated. PMID- 7273815 TI - Abnormal temperature control after intoxication with short-acting barbiturates. AB - Changes in rectal and toe temperatures were measured in 16 patients who had been intoxicated with short-acting barbiturates. The lowest temperatures observed in the group of 16 patients averaged 35.5 +/- 2.0 degrees C. In 11 patients, the interval between intoxication and admission was documented. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.83) between the time of estimated intoxication and hypothermia. Patients who were admitted soon after the ingestion of the barbiturates had the lowest rectal temperatures. These observations indicate that hypothermia is a usual clinical sign in the initial period after intoxication with a short-acting barbiturate. Except for 2 patients, rectal temperature exceeded 38 degrees C during the interval of recovery with the maximum rectal temperature averaging 39.0 +/- 0.8 degrees C. Hyperthermia was not related to infection of the airways, lungs, urinary tract, or bloodstream. In 11 patients, pathogenic organisms were recovered from the airway and/or urine, but there was no difference in the highest rectal temperature in these patients (39.0 +/- 0.9 degrees C) when compared with 5 patients from whom no pathogenic organisms were recovered (39.2 +/- 0.7 degrees C). Accordingly, there was no evidence that hyperthermia was due to infection. The skin temperatures of the ventrum of the first toe were not typically decreased during hypothermia. To the contrary, increases in skin temperatures were often observed during hypothermia. These observations provide evidence of altered thermoregulation with increased surface heat loss accounting for the hypothermia in the early course and heat conservation with hyperthermia during the later course of intoxication by short acting barbiturates. PMID- 7273817 TI - Effect of major burns on alveolar-epithelial permeability in rabbits. AB - To evaluate the effect of major surface burns on pulmonary epithelial permeability, the authors studied 8 rabbits. After a 60-min baseline period, a 40% body surface area burn was inflicted. Permeability was assessed by following the rate of passage of 2 radiolabeled tracers from alveoli to arterial blood (125I antipyrene, 51Cr EDTA) and correlated with dynamic compliance, airflow resistance, blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial blood gases. Although dynamic compliance and the pH declined and airflow resistance increased (p less than 0.05), there was no significant change in permeability or P(A-a)O2. The authors conclude that extensive surface burns produce alterations in pulmonary mechanics and arterial pH which are not associated with increased alveolar epithelial permeability. PMID- 7273818 TI - Trauma score. AB - The Trauma Score (TS), a simple physiological measure of injury severity, is presented as a modification of the previously reported Triage Index by consensus physician peer review. Performance of the Trauma Score is presented as an index of injury severity both alone and in combination with an anatomic index of injury severity, the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and patient age. The application of these tools for field triage and evaluation of care of the trauma victim is proposed. PMID- 7273819 TI - Placidyl abuse: a dimorphic picture. AB - Eleven patients with documented intoxication with ethchlorvynol were evaluated for clinical and laboratory manifestations. All of the 7 patients who ingested the drug were severity neurologically depressed; 3 were hemodynamically unstable and 1 developed pulmonary edema documented to be noncardiogenic 40 h after admission. All of the remaining patients (including 1 who also ingested a small amount) presented with pulmonary edema in the absence of neurological changes, soon after injection of 2--3 capsules iv; hemodynamic measurements in one of these demonstrated a noncardiogenic etiology. The clinical manifestations in these 2 groups of patients seem to be clearly separable, depending on the dose and route of administration. PMID- 7273820 TI - Computed tomographic diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - Diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms has been facilitated by the use of computed tomography (CT). This is illustrated by four cases, presented here, two of which were diagnosed by angiography and CT, and two having been operated upon on the basis of CT diagnosis alone. We feel that CT can replace angiographic studies by supplying the surgeon with all the pre-operative details needed. CT is more accurate than angiography, since the latter may underestimate the true diameter of aneurysms, or can even give false-negative results. With CT it is possible to detect signs of rupture or pre-rupture states of aneurysms that have not been suspected on angiographic or clinical grounds. PMID- 7273821 TI - Differential diagnosis of lateral orbital masses. AB - Computed tomography is ideal for demonstrating orbital masses. It provides information regarding lesion location and involvement of intraorbital structures. It therefore can be used in both staging and follow-up of orbital lesions. Mass location, attenuation characteristics, form, and presence or absence of contrast enhancement all may aid the radiologist in the differential diagnosis of orbital lesions by CT. However, this review of lateral orbital masses illustrates that the differential diagnosis can be quite varied. Careful correlation with history and clinical findings may lead one to the proper diagnosis; however, often the exact nature of a lateral orbital mass must await histologic confirmation. PMID- 7273823 TI - Body computed tomography in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma metastases. AB - The results of body CT examination in 32 cases of histologically proven malignant melanoma are reviewed. In a total of 38 examinations, positive findings were obtained in 27 cases (71%). Metastases were detected in the lungs (6 cases), liver (2 cases), and lymph nodes (26 cases). Local recurrences were recognized in 2 cases. Clinical suspicion of metastases was supported in 19 cases (50%), suspected metastases were not confirmed in 5 cases (15%), and additional evidence of metastasis was obtained in 14 cases (37%). CT was of particular value in demonstrating additional metastases in the lungs and lymphadenopathy in the abdomen and pelvis. PMID- 7273822 TI - Diagnosis of hiatus hernia by computed tomography. PMID- 7273824 TI - Computed tomography attenuation values in fatty liver. AB - The accuracy of CT diagnosis of increased fat deposition in the liver was assessed in 11 alcoholic patients with suspected fatty liver. Single-energy CT attenuation values were compared with histological assessment of fatty liver and chemical analysis of liver triglyceride concentrations, obtained from liver biopsy specimens. Measured attenuation values showed an inverse correlation with the degree of fatty change assessed histologically (r =--0.90; p Less Than 0.0001) and with that assessed chemically (r=--0.57; p Less Than 0.05). CT scanning may provide a useful non-invasive method for detecting and following patients with fatty liver, particularly when liver biopsy is contraindicated. PMID- 7273825 TI - Computed tomography in hourglass thoracic lipoma in a child. PMID- 7273826 TI - Diagnosis of an aberrant right subclavian artery on CT. PMID- 7273827 TI - Computed tomographic documentation of a non-enhancing posterior fossa medulloblastoma: an uncommon presentation. PMID- 7273830 TI - Evaluation of retroperitoneal liposarcoma with computed tomography. PMID- 7273829 TI - Computed tomography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of calcified renal masses. PMID- 7273828 TI - Computed tomography of the trachea: a review. PMID- 7273831 TI - Computerized tomography of a large retroperitoneal liposarcoma. PMID- 7273832 TI - Time-density analysis in the evaluation of CT pseudotumors. PMID- 7273833 TI - CT detection of subarachnoid pneumocephalus secondary to mastoid fracture. PMID- 7273834 TI - Posterior fossa inflammation resulting from contiguous mastoid disease demonstrated by computerized tomography. PMID- 7273835 TI - Diagnosis through imaging: generation, detection, and classification. AB - Diagnosis is so much a part of medical practice that is function is second nature to physicians, who diagnose repeatedly without giving much thought as to how it works or the kinds of information it generates. Theoretical attributes of the process are of no practical concern to most physicians, as long as diagnosis serves well the purposes of patient care. In this era of accounting for costs and being accountable for quality care, a deeper understanding may be necessary if we are to improve the use of diagnostic procedures, especially in the selection of imaging modalities, the technology of which has proliferated into a variety of sophisticated systems that produce a complex mass of information. Therefore, a look at diagnosis from a more basic perspective may be of more than passing interest to practicing physicians. The above-stated unifying principles elucidate basic attributes of diagnosis and provide an understanding that should aid in the selection of procedures. PMID- 7273836 TI - Computed tomography in chest diseases. PMID- 7273837 TI - Ultrasonography and computed tomography of retroperitoneal liposarcoma. PMID- 7273838 TI - Methods of quantitative microbiological analyses that support the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of human infection. AB - The microorganisms responsible for the production of an infection may be considered to be in two classes: classical microbes and host-defined microbes. Classical microbes are those pathogens which fulfill the Koch-Henle postulates, and their isolation from a host indicates infection. They are not normally part of the body's normal flora, although they may be acquired by the host and enter into a passive relationship known as the carrier state. Examples of this type of microbe are Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Yersinia pestis (plague), and Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough). Pathogens that require specific hosts have largely replaced the classical pathogen as a cause of infection in hospitalized patients. Especially in recent years, with the advent of new modes of anticancer treatment and the general ability of the medical community to extent a patient's life span by chemotherapy and innovative surgery, the contribution to morbidity and mortality by microbes has substantially increased. These host-specific pathogens are largely part of the body's normal flora. It is incumbent upon the clinical microbiologist to be able to distinguish the patient's normal microbial load, an increased load due to physiological factors, but not representing infection, and a significant change from normal which should be considered infection. The ability to distinguish infection from noninfection is one of the prime responsibilities of the clinical microbiology laboratory and has contributed to the development of the infectious disease subspecialty of internal medicine. This article will examine a critical question: Is there a relationship between the numbers of microorganisms isolated from a specimen and the production of infection, and, if so, does this relationship vary for the different anatomical sites of the body? PMID- 7273839 TI - Some fundamental approaches in skin research. PMID- 7273840 TI - The human nail: structure, growth and pathological changes. PMID- 7273841 TI - Burnout: a current problem in pediatrics. PMID- 7273842 TI - "Biological cycles" a symposium in honor of Sir Hans Krebs' 80th birthday. PMID- 7273843 TI - Ferroactivator and the regulation of gluconeogenesis. PMID- 7273844 TI - Metabolic cycles in the fermentation by propionic acid bacteria. PMID- 7273845 TI - Cycles in the function of mitochondrial membrane transport systems. PMID- 7273846 TI - The glucose-lactic acid cycle and gluconeogenesis. PMID- 7273847 TI - Amino acid cycles in man. PMID- 7273848 TI - Role of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycles in the control of protein synthesis in eukaryotes. PMID- 7273849 TI - Unwinding the double helix: complete equation for chemical equilibrium. PMID- 7273851 TI - Regulation of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by a phosphorylation dephosphorylation cycle. PMID- 7273850 TI - Protein synthesis and protein turnover in circadian cycles. PMID- 7273852 TI - Thiocholine methods for the demonstration of acetylcholinesterase in neuromuscular junctions. AB - The extensor digitorum longus muscles of rat were stained for the localization of acetylcholinesterase activity at the neuromuscular junctions. The modified methods of Koelle-Friedenwald and Karnovsky-Roots were used with acetylthiocholine iodide as the substrate. The merits and demerits of both these methods are discussed. TEM and SEM X-ray dispersive analyses of the muscle fibres treated histochemically by both the methods were also made in order to elucidate further the nature of the reaction products. Denervated muscles were subjected to similar treatment. PMID- 7273853 TI - Computer-assisted analysis of chromosomes of the European crested newt. AB - A computer programme has been developed for partly automating the process of chromosome analysis of the European crested newt (Triturus cristatus carnifex). Chromosome classifications made by the computer and by the cytologist have been compared for a sample of 130 spermatogonial metaphase. The twelve pairs of chromosomes have been classified into three groups. The overall error rate achieved by the computer was 14% for chromosome assignment to single pairs, and 3.8% for chromosome assignment to the proper group. PMID- 7273854 TI - Hormone effects on Cosmarium botrytis cell division. AB - The synchronous generation time for Cosmarium botrytis Menegh. was 48 h at pH 8.0, and 72 h at pH 5.3. Cells divided 2 to 3 prior to the end of the dark phase in a 15 h light/9 h dark cycle at 21 degrees C. Kinetin at concentrations of 0.01 to 1.0 mg/ml, added to cells at the beginning of the light cycle, eliminated the initial lag phase at both pH 5.3 and pH 8.0, and all cells divided until 24 h. Indole-acetic acid in concentrations of 0.03 to 0.06 mg/ml decreased the lag phase to less than 48 h at pH 5.3, and eliminated the lag phase at pH 8.0. Normal generation time was re-established in 6 to 12 days. Daily addition of identical amounts of both IAA and kinetin maintained the 24 h division cycle up to 14 days. Kinetin was lethal at 3 mg/ml and IAA at 0.05 mg/ml. IAA and kinetin in combinations of previously effective and non-effective concentrations did not have synergistic or additive effects. Cell numbers did not correlate with optical density at 678 nm. Medium pH dropped in steps coinciding with cell division. PMID- 7273856 TI - Specific resistance to 8-azaguanine in cells with normal hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity: the role of guanine deaminase. AB - The role of guanine deaminase in selective cellular resistance to 8-azaguanine was examined, using eight mammalian cell lines and their subclonal derivatives isolated on the basis of increasing resistance to this drug. 8-Azaguanine and 6 thioguanine are synthetic analogs of guanine and are lethal to cells with normal hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity. In principle, however, HPRT-positive cells could become selectively resistant to 8-azaguanine if, by any mechanism, the cells expressed higher levels of guanine deaminase. This is because 8-azaguanine, but not 6-thioguanine, is converted by this enzyme to a noncytotoxic metabolite, 8-azaxanthine. Our study shows that HPRT-positive cells inherently resistant to relatively high levels of 8-azaguanine contain high levels of guanine deaminase. In general, guanine deaminase activity was higher in 8-azaguanine-resistant cells, regardless of their HPRT activity. Our results support the view that elevated guanine deaminase activity constitutes a potential mechanism of selective 8-azaguanine resistance in cells with normal HPRT activity. Guanine deaminase levels were significantly elevated in HPRT-positive cells briefly exposed to sublethal concentrations of 8-azaguanine, but this elevation was transient. Long-term exposure of cells to increasingly higher levels of the drug did not lead to high stable levels of guanine deaminase, indicating that 8-azaguanine is not an inducer of guanine deaminase in the cells examined. PMID- 7273855 TI - Evidence of clonal attenuation, clonal succession, and clonal expansion in mass cultures of aging Werner's syndrome skin fibroblasts. AB - Skin fibroblast-like (FL) cells from patients with Werner's syndrome (adult progeria) demonstrate multiple, stable, structural chromosome rearrangements (variegated translocation mosaicism) which can be used to identify cytogenetically marked clones of cells within a mass culture. We have cytogenetically followed eight FL cell strains (from two patients) throughout their entire in vitro replicative lifespans, and we show a correlation between the expansion and attenuation of individual clones and the growth of the mass cultures. One strain, which was aged several times, demonstrated a generally reproducible pattern of clonal succession but, surprisingly, also demonstrated, in two parallel derivative cultures, the late emergence of two relatively rapidly growing clones that had not been observed in the parental culture. These observations suggest that clonal succession and clonal attenuation occur in mass cultures, as had been predicted on the basis of dilute-plating cloning experiments. Our results may have implications for models of in vitro cellular senescence. In addition, there are interesting parallels with the tissue hyperplasia associated with in vivo aging, and this observation is compatible with the suggestion that skin FL cells in vitro provide a model for hyperplasia in vivo. PMID- 7273857 TI - Effect of superoxide dismutase on the chromosomal instability of New Zealand black mice. PMID- 7273858 TI - A pericentric inversion in the mouse. AB - A pericentric inversion induced in a Robertsonian chromosome was recovered and analyzed in a male heterozygous for the rearrangement. Identification was made from chromosome banding and confirmed by synaptonemal complex(SC) analyses. From the former, the chromosome was identified as Rb4Bnr. The inversion involves about 34% of the chromosome length, and is designated In(11.13LS)29Rk. Analysis of SC inversion loops gave break points at 0.20 in the short arm and 0.54 in the long arm. Inhibition of homologous synapsis in the inversion was observed at zygotene and early pachytene, while synaptic adjustment was found to lead to heterologous SC formation at late pachytene. The inversion is believed to be causally related to the reduction in fertility observed in the carriers. PMID- 7273859 TI - Cytological similarity between the heterochromatin of the large x and y chromosomes of the soft-furred field rat, Millardia meltada (family: muridae). AB - Patterns of DNA replication, fluorescence, and meiotic pairing have been studied in the composite X and Y chromosomes of a rodent, the soft-furred field rat, Millardia meltada. The heterochromatin of both the chromosomes replicated during late S and fluoresces brightly with Netropsin-Olivomycin. The fluorescence with Actinomycin D-Hoechst is dull, suggesting that the heterochromatin of both the X and the Y is relatively GC-rich. When surface-spread testis cells are analyzed after silver staining considerable portions of the X and Y exhibit synapsis. On the basis of this study it appears that the heterochromatin of the X chromosome of M. meltada is substantially similar to that of the Y chromosome. PMID- 7273860 TI - Cytogenetics of Werner's syndrome cultured skin fibroblasts: variegated translocation mosaicism. AB - Skin fibroblast-like (FL) cells from patients with Werner's syndrome (adult progeria) regularly demonstrate frequent pseudodiploidy involving variable structural rearrangements that are clonal: variegated translocation mosaicism (VTM). Ninety-two percent of 1,538 metaphases from 29 independent strains derived from five patients with Werner's syndrome demonstrated this cytogenetic abnormality. In contrast, only eight (8.4%) of 95 non-Werner's syndrome FL cell cultures demonstrated VTM: seven with low-grade VTM (approximately 5% of 300 metaphases), and one with VTM affecting 90-100% of metaphases. Unlike the cytogenetic abnormalities observed in the terminal stages of normal FL cell cultures, VTM occurs throughout the entire lifespan of Werner's syndrome cultures. Ten of the identifiable break points in 1,005 banded metaphases accounted for 27% of all definable rearrangements. Baseline sister chromatid exchanges were not increased. Cocultivation of Werner's syndrome and normal strains did not induce VTM in the normal strain. The relationship between VTM and the reduced growth potential of Werner's syndrome FL cells is not yet understood, nor is the relationship between these in vitro abnormalities and the presumptive single gene defect that causes the progeroid clinical manifestations of Werner's syndrome. PMID- 7273861 TI - Effect of single sub-lethal doses of barbital sodium on the adrenal glands of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor: histomorphic and histochemical investigations. PMID- 7273862 TI - [Effect of various pharmacologic agents on the nucleus and chromosomes of human lymphocytes]. PMID- 7273864 TI - Clinical breast examination as a supplement to mass screening for cervical cancer. PMID- 7273863 TI - Chromosome investigations of the Usubuchi sarcoma. I. Studies in seven transfers from the 1812th to 1895th generations. PMID- 7273865 TI - Organisation of the Danish adjuvant trials in breast cancer. PMID- 7273866 TI - A longitudinal epidemiological survey of relative weight at age 25,50 and 60 in the Glostrup population of men and women born in 1914. PMID- 7273867 TI - Liquorice consumption and its influence on blood pressure in Danish school children. PMID- 7273868 TI - Diagnostic value of serum and urine urea in postoperative complications. PMID- 7273869 TI - Clinical aspects of the digoxin-quinidine interaction. PMID- 7273870 TI - Early diagnosis of gastric cancer. The possibility of delimiting high risk groups. PMID- 7273871 TI - Endoscopic service for general practice. PMID- 7273872 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage today. PMID- 7273873 TI - Should ventricular premature depolarizations be treated? PMID- 7273874 TI - Diagnosis of nosocomial bacterial pneumonia in acute, diffuse lung injury. AB - Nosocomial bacterial pneumonia as a complication of acute, diffuse lung injury may be difficult to distinguish clinically from other pathologic processes. To determine the reliability of findings commonly used to diagnose pneumonia in this setting, we compared clinical predictions of bacterial pneumonia with postmortem histology. Pneumonia was present histologically in 58 percent of the study patients, 36 percent of whom had been thought to have only lung injury. Among patients who had only diffuse lung injury histologically, 20 percent were thought to have pneumonia by clinical evaluation. Overall, 29 percent of cases were misdiagnosed. Improved diagnostic techniques will be required before the efficacy of preventive or therapeutic measures for pneumonia in the setting of acute, diffuse lung injury can be accurately determined. PMID- 7273876 TI - Pneumonia and bacteremia due to Aeromonas hydrophila. AB - Aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative bacillus which has been rarely identified as a human pathogen except in immunologically compromised hosts. We have recently treated three patients for severe A hydrophila pneumonia and sepsis. Two of these patients were healthy young men who aspirated the organism from contaminated water associated with near drowning. One patient survived severe ARDS and gram negative sepsis. A third patient with chronic renal failure acquired A hydrophila pneumonia at home and quickly died from the infection. A hydrophila is becoming more commonly recognized as a lethal pathogen and should be sought when gram negative infection is suspected. PMID- 7273877 TI - Echocardiographic and phonocardiographic assessment of the St. Jude cardiac valve prosthesis. AB - Forty-three consecutive patients with a St. Jude mitral, aortic, or combined prosthesis were studied by simultaneous phonocardiography and echocardiography. Twenty-eight patients had a mitral prosthesis, 20 an aortic prosthesis, and five had both. No opening click was recorded in any patient; however, a loud aortic or mitral closing click was recorded in all 43 patients. In patients with St. Jude mitral valve prosthesis, an echo-free space separated the two leaflets during diastole; seven of these also had a mid-diastolic closing and late diastolic reopening motion; two of the seven had an associated closing mid-diastolic click. A mid-diastolic rumble was recorded in six of 28 patients with St. Jude mitral valve prosthesis. In patients with a St. Jude aortic valve prosthesis, left atrium leaflet motion was recorded in 17 of 20 patients and was indistinguishable in appearance from echocardiograms obtained with various eccentric monocusp valves. In addition, we report one case of malfunction of a St. Jude mitral valve and one case of a paravalvular leak diagnosed by echophonocardiography. We concluded that the St. Jude cardiac prosthesis has variable normal phonocardiographic-echocardiographic patterns. Knowledge of these variable patterns is important in assessing patients with suspected malfunction of a St. Jude cardiac prosthesis. PMID- 7273875 TI - Organizing pneumonia-like process: an unusual observation in steroid responsive cases with features of chronic interstitial pneumonia. AB - Two patients under long-term surveillance showed the similar clinical features of low-grade fever, scanty productive cough, progressive dyspnea, and roentgenologic findings of lung infiltrates. Both patients responded only to systemic corticosteroid therapy and suffered relapses when it was discontinued. In one patient, who was found to be IgA-deficient, the pulmonary disease followed an episode of subacute thyroiditis; in this patient the intake of cephalosporin and subsequent rechallenge with the drug aggravated the disease. Needle biopsies in both patients showed the features of organizing intra-alveolar pneumonia. The histopathologic findings and their relation to the clinical symptoms are discussed. PMID- 7273878 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of the St. Jude medical prosthetic valve. AB - M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed on 19 patients with 25 normally functioning St. Jude Medical prosthetic cardiac valves, in an attempt to define the normal echocardiographic appearance of this new cardiac prosthesis. Satisfactory M-mode echocardiograms were obtained in 17 of the 19 patients, and satisfactory two-dimensional studies were obtained in all. M mode measurements included the diameter of the orifice ring, leaflet separation, and the opening and closing slopes of the leaflets. The values obtained compared favorably with direct measurements from the prosthesis and were reasonably reproducible. Two-dimensional imaging revealed characteristic systolic and diastolic patterns and provided direct visualization of valvular motion. Echocardiographic evaluation of the prosthesis can be facilitated if it is positioned at implantation so that the open leaflets are perpendicular to the echocardiographic plane of the long axis of the ventricle. PMID- 7273881 TI - Superiority of echocardiography over angiocardiography in diagnosing a left ventricular thrombus. PMID- 7273882 TI - Bruit alternans. PMID- 7273880 TI - The lung in immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. AB - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy presents with fever, malaise, cough, dyspnea, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinemia, interstitial pulmonary infiltrates, mediastinal adenopathy, and effusions. The diagnosis is made on the basis of lymph node biopsy. Based on the course in our patients and the cases presented in previous reports, a suggested program of treatment for immunoblastic lymphadenopathy includes administration of moderate doses of steroids initially, with a subsequent increase to a higher dosage if desired improvement does not occur. Chemotherapy with three drugs, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone, is indicated if remission using steroids fails. The diagnostic dilemma of whether pulmonary infiltrates are due to the disease itself or to pulmonary infection or to cytotoxic changes from chemotherapy always exists and often requires specimens from either transbronchoscopic or open-lung biopsy for definitive diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7273879 TI - Aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease. AB - We reviewed the results of 146 aspiration lung biopsies (ALB) performed on 140 patients over a five-year period. A negative fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with a pulmonary mass lesion or infiltrate was the major indication for ALB in this group. Seventy-two patients had various malignant chest lesions, 63 had benign or inflammatory pulmonary disease. A definite diagnosis was not obtained in the remaining five patients. The diagnostic accuracy of ALB was 73.6 percent in malignant disease and 17.5 percent in benign disease with no false positive results. Of 50 patients ultimately proven to have unresectable cancer, 46 (92.6 percent) were spared the necessity of exploratory thoracotomy for diagnosis by prior ALB. Complications included pneumothorax in 30 percent necessitating chest tube drainage in 14.3 percent. Minor hemoptysis occurred in 3.4 percent, hemothorax in 0.68 percent and subcutaneous emphysema in 1.36 percent. There were no deaths directly attributable to the procedure. We conclude that ALB is a valuable procedure in the diagnosis of malignant chest lesions, sparing exploratory thoracotomy for histologic diagnosis in many patients. PMID- 7273883 TI - Thrombosis of St. Jude medical cardiac valve in the mitral position. PMID- 7273884 TI - Inhibition of programmable demand pacemaker by pacemaker-induced myopotentials. AB - Pacemaker-induced myopotentials caused inhibition of a demand pacemaker in two cases in which the unipolar partially encapsulated pacemaker flipped over in its pocket and directly stimulated the muscles of the chest wall. This pacemaker induced muscular stimulation, possibly combined with afterpotential sensing or T wave sensing (or both), caused the rate of the demand pacemaker to fall when the output of the programmable pacemaker was set to deliver high energy charges. By programming the unit to deliver a lower charge (shorter width of pulse), the rate rose appropriately to the programmed rate. Likewise, manual rotation of the unipolar pacemaker into proper orientation with the active uninsulated surface directed towards the skin also solved the problem temporarily. PMID- 7273886 TI - Pulmonary artery-bronchial fistula is not a complication of bedside pulmonary arteriography. PMID- 7273885 TI - False aneurysm of aorta secondary to partial occlusion clamp injury: diagnosis by nuclear flow study. AB - A 72-year-old woman presented 12 months postaortic valve replacement with a false aneurysm near the aortic cannulation site. The diagnosis was suspected from clinical findings and confirmed by a nuclear flow study. The patient refused surgery and died shortly afterward. At autopsy, a smooth-walled 1 cm defect adjacent to the cannulation site (presumably related to injury from a partial occlusion clamp) was found; this would have been easily reparable with surgery. PMID- 7273887 TI - An unusual mechanism for a fistulous communication between the aorta and the right side of the heart. PMID- 7273889 TI - Combined exercise echocardiography. PMID- 7273888 TI - Internal jugular thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7273890 TI - Management of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia complicating chronic ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7273891 TI - Ventricular interdependence in severe cystic fibrosis. A two-dimensional echocardiographic study. AB - A variety of mechanisms have been implicated in the development of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with chronic cor pulmonale. A two-dimensional echocardiographic study of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with severe cor pulmonale was undertaken to evaluate the effects of long-term pulmonary abnormalities on right and left ventricular geometry. Ten patients with severe obstructive pulmonary disease secondary to CF underwent evaluation by a mechanical sector scanner from the long axis, short axis, and four chambered views. All patients manifested right heart failure. Eight had clinical scores less than 40 and died within six months of the initial examination. All patients were receiving diuretics, and six were taking digoxin at the time of the study. The most striking echographic feature was flattening or compression of the left ventricle along its minor dimension by a massively dilated right ventricle. Compression of the left ventricle and additional abnormalities of interventricular septal motion resulted in dyskinetic contraction and relaxation that could contribute to a diminished stroke volume. Massive right ventricular enlargement appears to be a major factor producing left ventricular dysfunction in chronic cor pulmonale. PMID- 7273892 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CICs) were measured in the sera of clinically stable and acutely infected patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Twenty CF patients were studied when clinically stable; and additional 18 patients were studied during an acute exacerbation of pulmonary infection as evidenced by fever, tachypnea, increased white blood cell count, increased sputum production, and acute chest x-ray film changes. Three methods for determining CICs were employed: polyethyelene glycol precipitation, a C1q phase assay, and the Raji cell radioimmune assay. Ten of 20 clinically stable CF patients had one or two positive assays for CICs; two of 20 had two positive assays. In contrast, 16 of 18 acutely infected CF patients had a positive CIC test, and 12 of these were positive with two or three of the assays employed. Serum C3 and C4 concentrations and total hemolytic complement activity did not correlate with the presence of CICs in either patient group. These findings suggest that immune complex formation may mediate some of the tissue damage characteristic of CF, although this usually does not involve intravascular complement activation. PMID- 7273894 TI - The effect of transtracheal aspiration on cardiac rate and rhythm. A prospective study. AB - To determine the effect of transtracheal aspiration (TTA) on cardiac rate and rhythm, we prospectively monitored by electrocardiography 14 cases before, during, and after the procedure. No serious or life-threatening arrhythmias occurred; sinus tachycardia was virtually a routine occurrence. Cardiac rate increased significantly from an average of 96 beats/min before the procedure to an average of 121/min during the procedure (P less than 0.001). The incidence of premature ventricular or atrial contractions did not change significantly before, during, or after the procedure. Before TTA, all patients had PaO2 measurements equal to or greater than 70 mm Hg; none had CO2 retention or an unstable cardiac status. Patients with significant COPD (mean FEV1/FVC% = 48) were not at increased risk for cardiac arrhythmias during or immediately after TTA. Our results imply the following: (1) routine ECG monitoring in patients such as ours undergoing TTA does not appear to be necessary; and (2) premedication with narcotics, sedatives, or atropine does not appear to be warranted. PMID- 7273893 TI - Hitchcock's birds, or the increased rate of exposure to histoplasma from blackbird roost sites. AB - A statewide survey of populations in proximity to blackbird roost sites to determine exposure to histoplasmosis from such sites has demonstrated that a site harboring Histoplasma capsulatum, even though undisturbed, adds significantly to the exposure rate of proximal populations. Disturbance of such a site increases the exposure rate dramatically with or without concurrent clinical cases of histoplasmosis. PMID- 7273895 TI - Radionuclide angiographic correlation of the R wave, ejection fraction, and volume responses to upright bicycle exercise. AB - The change in the R wave and the response of the ejection fraction to upright bicycle stress testing with radionuclide angiographic studies were determined for 18 control subjects and 29 patients with coronary arterial disease (70 percent stenosis or more). In the control group, all had an increase in the ejection fraction from 64.8 +/- 7.7 to 75.7 +/- 9.4 percent with stress (P less than 0.01). All control subjects had a decrease in the R wave with exercise. In the group with coronary arterial disease, most patients had a decrease in the ejection fraction averaging from 63.5 +/- 10.9 to 58.6 +/- 12.8 percent (P less than 0.01). An appropriate response of the R wave and ejection fraction (decrease in R wave and increase in ejection fraction or increase in R wave and decrease in ejection fraction) occurred in 23 (79 percent) of 29 subjects (P less than 0.005). The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value for the response of the ejection fraction were as follows: 83 percent (24/29); 100 percent (18/18); and 100 percent (24/24). Of the patients with coronary arterial disease and an increase in the R wave, 17 (94 percent) had multivessel disease, while six (55 percent) of 11 with a decrease in the R wave had multivessel disease (P less than 0.05). The systolic volume decreased in all control subjects by -15.9 +/- 8.6 units (P less than 0.01) and increased in most of the group with coronary arterial disease by 13.7 +/- 17.8 units (P less than 0.01) in response to stress. There were 20 of 29 patients (P less than 0.05) with an appropriate response of the R wave and systolic volume to stress (increase in R wave and systolic volume or decrease in both). The change in the R wave did not correlate with the change in the diastolic volume with stress (P greater than 0.05). Changes in the R wave with exercise correlate with the change in the ejection fraction (and hence ventricular function) and with the changes in systolic volume, which may be one of the mechanisms of the response of the R wave, suggesting that the change in the R wave is related to changes in contractility. Increase in the R wave with stress suggests multivessel coronary arterial disease. PMID- 7273897 TI - The president's year. PMID- 7273898 TI - Roentgenogram of the month. Lobulated right lower lobe mass. PMID- 7273896 TI - A method for the estimation of right ventricular volume by equilibrium radionuclide angiography. AB - To develop a method for estimating right ventricular volume and to assess right ventricular volume at rest, we studied 45 persons with equilibrium radionuclide angiography. The study group comprised 15 normal control subjects (5 with atypical chest pain and normal coronary angiograms) and 30 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Each coronary patient and 5/15 control subjects had both right and left heart catheterization studies with intracardiac pressure measurements within 24 hours of the radionuclide study. Using a previously described method for generating right ventricular volume curves, we used the counts at end-diastole, corrected for frame time, the total number of processed heart beats, and blood radioactivity to derive right ventricular end-diastolic volume units. All normal controls (group 1) had a right ventricular ejection fraction greater than or equal to 0.40, with a right ventricular volume index less than or equal to 5.8. The CHD patients consisted of two subgroups: group 2 (N = 20) and group 3 (N = 10), with right ventricular end-diastolic pressures less than 10 mm Hg and greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg, respectively. In group 2, 19/20 had a normal right ventricular ejection fraction, and 18 had a normal end-diastolic volume. In group 3, 4/10 patients had a depressed ejection fraction (less than .40) and 9/10 an increased end-diastolic volume. We conclude that right ventricular volume can be estimated with radionuclide angiography, and that dilation may precede depression of the right ventricular ejection fraction in some patients with CHD. PMID- 7273899 TI - Weak links in the chain of cardiothoracic surgery. PMID- 7273900 TI - The pulmonary ligament and subpulmonic effusion. PMID- 7273901 TI - Echocardiographic findings in a case of acquired pulmonic stenosis from extrinsic compression by a mediastinal cyst. AB - A peculiar echocardiographic pattern was recorded in a case of cystic teratoma of the left anterior and upper mediastinum, causing a mild stenosis at the pulmonary valve level. The usefulness of echocardiography in the evaluation of anterior mediastinal masses as they distort normal cardiac anatomy is discussed. PMID- 7273903 TI - Bronchial collapse in obstructive lung disease. AB - A 57-year-old man who died suddenly with severe bilateral mainstem bronchial collapse is described, and an alteration of the elastic tissue in the membranous portion of the bronchi is identified. The morphologic abnormalities, physiologic dynamics, and potential clinical consequences of such an alteration are discussed. PMID- 7273902 TI - Tricuspid valve erosion from Swan-Ganz catheters. PMID- 7273904 TI - Partial atrioventricular canal in association with Ebstein's anomaly. Echocardiographic diagnosis and surgical correction. AB - Echocardiography was used to diagnose the presence of both Ebstein's anomaly and partial atrioventricular canal in the case of a 20-year-old man who presented for evaluation of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The diagnosis was confirmed at surgery with successful surgical repair. PMID- 7273905 TI - The use of thallium 201 myocardial imaging to exclude myocardial infarction after dissection in congenital coarctation of the aorta. AB - The use of a mobile gamma camera with thallium 201 myocardial imaging is described to exclude myocardial infarction in a patient admitted to the coronary care unit in shock and with clinical, enzyme, and ECG changes consistent with infarction. The patient suffered from acute aortic dissection associated with congenital coarctation of the aorta. The myocardial scan excluded transmural myocardial injury. PMID- 7273906 TI - Systemic sarcoidosis and cardiac conduction abnormalities. PMID- 7273907 TI - Changes in intrapulmonary shunting. PMID- 7273908 TI - Is it CPR of PCR? PMID- 7273910 TI - The socialization effects of cultural role models in ontogenetic development and upward mobility. AB - This paper presents a summary based on thirty case studies, in an attempt to illustrate the effects of cultural role models on development during childhood and adolescent years and on subsequent social mobility. Two research questions are explored: First, in a sample of thirty males, controlling for variables for race, age, ethnic and religious background, socio-economic background of origin including occupational and educational level of father, and early childhood disruptions in family of origin such as alcoholism of parent, death of parent, experience of poverty, why did fifteen boys coming out of a blue collar background grow up to become university professors while another fifteen boys of comparable origin grew up to become blue collar workers. In what ways, if any, are socialization effects of cultural role models implicated in the differential social class outcomes of these thirty boys who started at a comparable point in life. Second, what psychological processes are involved in the determination of who is socialized by what idea systems. Why is one person susceptible to being socialized by one set of ideas while another person is not. Findings include differential histories between the two groups of males on the dimension of socialization by cultural models. (These findings are counter to the Marxian hypothesis that economic factors are causal in psychological and cultural structuralization.) Further, it is found that an ongoing dominating concern, either conscious or unconscious, is the underlying selection principle in the psychology of knowledge and that books, as one form of cultural model, can serve as a projective indicator of the chief phenomenological concern of an individual. PMID- 7273909 TI - Relationship of maternal parenting behaviors to preschool children's temperament. AB - Mothers of 182 preschool nursery school children rated their own parenting responses on a "Parent's Report" questionnaire. At the same time the mothers responded to the "Behavior Style Questionnaire" (BSQ) from which scores were determined for nine categories of temperament. On the basis of category scores the children were grouped into one of five temperament clusters i.e. easy, difficult, slow to warm up, high intermediate, low intermediate. The children's membership in BSQ clusters was independent of sex, age, birth order, and mothers employment status but there was a significantly higher ratio of "easy" children from higher socioeconomic classes I and II. Mothers of children grouped in either the "difficult" or "slow to warmup"clusters were more likely to use "guilt inducing" and "temper-detachment" parenting styles than mothers of children grouped in the "easy" cluster. PMID- 7273911 TI - Separation for childbirth: the effect on the sibling. AB - The reactions of 14 young (one to three and one-half years) first born children to the routine two to six day separation associated with maternal childbirth were compared with 17 children permitted to visit their mothers in hospital for one hour per day. Behavior observations in the home one to two weeks after birth compared to those made two to four weeks before birth as well as maternal questionnaires revealed significant increases in temper tantrums, excessive activity and sleep problems in both groups. Children, however, who visited were initially significantly more responsive to their mothers and new siblings. PMID- 7273912 TI - Continuities in the structural expression of affectivity: a developmental comparison. AB - Developmental trends in children's verbalization of affective distress is examined using the Structured Pediatric Psychosocial Interview. Scale scores for two independent samples of younger (7-10 yrs) and older (11-14 yrs) public school children were factor analyzed. Results show high degree of congruency between the two developmental groups in their verbalization of affectivity. Factors associated with effective hostility (Resentment and Detachment) and with goal directed investment (Emulation and Apathy) show marked continuity across developmental stages. However, a factor related to description of internal arousal (Tension, Restlessness, Sensitivity) showed increased complexity with age. PMID- 7273913 TI - Cerebral gigantism in infancy: implications for psychological and social development. AB - Cerebral gigantism, which is characterized by excessive skeletal size and unusually advanced progressive growth in the early years, is discussed with respect to an evaluation of a 23 month old toddler with this syndrome. Discussion is focused on the potential psychological and social concerns regarding children with cerebral gigantism as well as other growth disorders and the role of the clinician in the assessment of these areas. It is stressed that such an evaluation should assess cognitive status, the mother-child relationship and the child's development of a sense of self. PMID- 7273914 TI - Psychosocial effects of an intensive summer communication program for cleft palate children. AB - The preventative psychosocial effects of an intensive summer residential program for children with communication disorders related to cleft lip and palate are evaluated. Twelve children completed the five-week program. Following the program, the children increased their social interaction rates during observed interactions with nonhandicapped peers and according to parent ratings. Less difference existed between the children's perceived reinforcement value of peer interactions, and their expectancies for initiating such interactions. The limitations of these findings due to the small sample size and the lack of a control group are discussed. The value of multimethod measurement systems are also discussed. PMID- 7273915 TI - At risk: the developing infant. PMID- 7273917 TI - New born behavioral assessment. Research, prediction and clinical uses. PMID- 7273916 TI - The family care center. Transitional care for the sick infant and his family. PMID- 7273918 TI - Preventive intervention with infants in multi-risk-factor families. PMID- 7273920 TI - Demonstrating infants' behavior. PMID- 7273919 TI - Intensive care nurseries -- making them more human. PMID- 7273921 TI - Primary prevention in infancy. PMID- 7273922 TI - Adolescent pregnancy: a report on ACYF-funded research and demonstration projects. PMID- 7273924 TI - [Ambulatory surgery--day surgery in children]. PMID- 7273923 TI - Children at risk: identification and intervention. PMID- 7273925 TI - [Ambulatory surgery--day surgery in adults]. PMID- 7273926 TI - [Anesthesia in ambulatory surgery]. PMID- 7273927 TI - [Premalignant and malignant changes in the epithelium in an antethoracic skin tube after esophagus replacement surgery]. AB - Seven clinical cases are described of plastic repair of the stenosed oesophagus by means of a skin tube in which premalignant changes have developed after the lapse of several decades. The authors assume that these changes have been caused by chronic inflammation due to chemical irritation of the skin tube by stagnant food, saliva, and the gastro-"neo-oesophageal" reflux. On the basis of data from the literature and personal experience, the authors suggest that use of a skin tube in the repair of the oesophagus should be reserved for the small group of patients with oesophageal malignancy not amenable to other methods of reconstruction. PMID- 7273928 TI - [Proximal gastric vagotomy - an interim balance]. AB - As a result of recent trials and meetings, the results of proximal gastric Vagotomy (PGV) can now be judged with more certainty: the rate of recurrence is higher than after partial gastrectomy or recurrence is higher than after partial gastrectomy or combined procedures, but mortality is low and sequelae are rare. Errors of indication with regard to pyloric and prepyloric ulcers and inadequate denervation because of inaccurate surgical technique are the main causes of recurrence. Recurrent ulcers after PGV usually have good prognosis. PMID- 7273929 TI - [Electrostimulation test for intraoperative vagotomy control. Results of a prospective randomized study]. AB - In a prospective random trial the intraoperative electro-stimulation test of Burge and Vane was conducted with 100 patients, in whom selective proximal vagotomy was performed for a duodenal ulcer. In 6 out of 50 patients histologically proved nerve fibres were found by the applying of the test. The postoperative acid values did not differ significantly between those patients who underwent the electrostimulation test and those who did not. The rate of recurrence was 8% in both groups 2-4 years after the operation. Obviously, the application of the test did not have any effect on the results. PMID- 7273930 TI - [Initial clinical experiences with heterotopic autotransplantation of the spleen]. AB - Since April 1980 ruptured spleens have been removed in seven patients (6-43 years old) and reimplanted into the omentum majus using a new operative technique. This procedure took about 15 min. Two patients died because of associated trauma to other organs. There were no complications due to this autologous, heterotopic transplantation. Four months after the operation elektrophoresis of immunglobulins, Howell-Jolly bodies and "pitted" RBCs were totally normalized. A 99mTc-scintigram with human albumin-millimicrospheres showed an intact phagocytosis and ingestion by the transplant. Therefore, good protection against infection is to be expected. The heterotopic autotransplantation of the spleen should be used in cases of splenic trauma if the clinical situation demands total splenectomy. PMID- 7273931 TI - [Initial clinical experiences with fibrin adhesives in traumatic and intraoperative splenic injury]. AB - Over a period of 14 months, 2 traumatic and 14 intraoperative splenic lesions were managed by application of fibrin tissue adhesive, mostly in combination with the use of a collagen sponge. In all cases hemorrhage could be stopped completely with out mobilization of the spleen. This method proved to be very suitable in the repair of smaller incidental capsular tears. In the management of more extensive traumatic ruptures, it should support the conventional surgical techniques described in the literature. It certainly will make these procedures safer and easier to perform. PMID- 7273932 TI - [Kuntscher's intramedullary nailing. An alternative method in the treatment of femoral fractures close to the knee joint in the aged]. AB - Femur fractures near the knee joint provide serious problems where therapy is concerned. In elderly patients, especially those who also have other illnesses, who must be mobilized very early, the use of an exceptionally long nail as described by Kuntscher offers an alternative method to the AO angleplate. ADVANTAGES: Short time of operation, early mobilization, sufficient mobility after removal of the nail. PMID- 7273933 TI - [Medial exposure of the popliteal artery]. PMID- 7273935 TI - [A manual crank for threading and screwing]. PMID- 7273934 TI - [Isolated varicose veins of the bulbus duodeni in portal hypertension]. PMID- 7273936 TI - [Genital infections: current concepts based on a retrospective study of 260 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273937 TI - [Abdominal lesions during multiple injuries: report on 96 cases among 293 patients with multiple injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273938 TI - [Perforation of the atrium during central vein catheterization: a case report and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273939 TI - [Treatment by means of the Roux-en-Y operation of patients with gastro-esophageal reflux unimproved by previous surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273940 TI - [Prevention of hospital infection in the operation block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273941 TI - [Spontaneous esophageal rupture: report on four cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273942 TI - [Twenty four cases of restoration of intestinal continuity after Hartmann operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7273943 TI - [Benign tumors of the liver. hemoperitoneum caused by rupture of a hepatic adenoma]. PMID- 7273944 TI - [Biliary lithiasis after 75 years of age, and the role of abstention from surgery in its indications. Apropos of a homogeneous series of 114 cases (84 operations) collected over a 4-year period]. PMID- 7273945 TI - [Polytraumas]. PMID- 7273946 TI - [Value of cytopuncture in breast pathology]. PMID- 7273947 TI - Single-copy DNA relationships between diploid and tetraploid teleostean fish species. AB - The degree of single-copy DNA relatedness among nine Salmonid, Osmerid, and Clupeid species (teleosts, order Isospondyli) was explored by interspecific DNA hybridization and the determination of the thermal stability of these hybrids. It is shown that the extent of base substitution and the amount of shared sequences is largely consistent with the systematic interrelationship of the species compared. A tentative estimate of the average base substitution rate is about 0.1 0.25% per million years, which is in the range typical for animal and plant nuclear genomes. The results are also discussed in view of the phylogenetically tetraploid state of the Salmonid genomes. A comparison of the amount of intra genomic and inter-genomic divergence in the tetraploids suggests that a polyploidization event occurred recently in Salmonid evolution. PMID- 7273948 TI - Linear differentiation of the C-band pattern of the W chromosome in snakes and birds. AB - Evidence is presented from C-banding studies that the W chromosome of eleven species of snakes is not homogeneous in nature but is differentiated linearly into alternating lighter and darker C positive regions. The same is true of the W chromosome of at least some birds. There is evidence from the literature indicating a similar differentiation of the Y chromosome of some mammals and here the intermediate C positive regions are deficient in highly repetitive DNA. The significance of heterochromatinization as a means of generating differentiated sex chromosomes is discussed in the light of these findings. PMID- 7273949 TI - Behaviour of the ZW sex bivalent in the snake Bothrops jararaca. AB - The behavior of the ZW sex bivalent was investigated in female meiosis of the poisonous snake Bothrops jararaca. The Z is euchromatic and synapses end to end with the W. The W chromosome shows a heterochromatic segment distally in the short arm. Pairing occurs between the long arm of the W and the slightly longer arm of the mediocentric Z. A sex vesicle, similar to the one found in the XY placental mammals, does not occur in snakes. The Z and W chromosomes segregate reductionally in the first meiotic division and equationally in the second. PMID- 7273950 TI - A structural analysis of Balbiani ring dna sequences in Chironomus tentans. AB - The Balbiani rings in the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Chironomus tentans include the most active structural genes in this organ. Two of them (BR1 and BR2) contain repetitive sequences and are transcribed into giant RNA molecules. On Southern blots of restriction digests, we have identified fragments of genomic DNA which contain BR sequences. One of these fragments with a length of about 150 bp has been cloned and shown to hybridize preferentially to the BR1 transcription unit. Determination of its nucleotide sequence revealed several recognition sites for restriction enzymes which cleave the giant BR gene(s) into small pieces of approximately 240 bp. It is concluded that the cloned fragment represents part of the basic 240 bp repeat unit of a BR1 gene. Data obtained from partial restriction digests using the cloned DNA segment as a probe indicate that probably the entire BR1 gene comprises tandem repeats of 240 bp. Evidence is presented that the cloned BR1 sequence significantly cross-hybridizes to BR2 and to a lesser extent to BR6. BR2 sequences are present on a MboI fragment of 40 kb and seem to be organized in a very similar way as found for the BR1 gene. PMID- 7273951 TI - Heat shock phenomena in Chironomus tentans I. In vivo effects of heat, overheat, and quenching on salivary chromosome puffing. AB - Incubation of 4th instar larvae of Chironomus tentans at elevated temperatures leads in salivary and Malpighian chromosomes to the appearance of 4-5 new puffs. Previously present puffs, particularly Balbiani rings in salivary chromosomes, become drastically reduced. The reactions of region IV-5C and Balbiani ring 1 and 2 in salivary glands are quantitatively analyzed. Statistically significant heat shock effects are observed already after 5 min and reach a maximum between 30 and 60 min. The effective temperature range is small (between 33 to 40 degrees C) with an optimum at 37 degrees C. Above 40 degrees C, i.e., at overheat shock temperatures, heat shock reactions are suppressed. Larvae heat or overheat shocked for 1-7 h or 15-30 min, respectively, survive when returned to normal culturing temperatures. The recovery from heat shock of the puffing pattern occurs in two phases: a fast one (10-20 min) and a slow one (up to 5 h) sometimes separated by a period of backlash. Quenching of overheat shocked larvae does not result in a delayed heat shock reaction. PMID- 7273952 TI - Chromosome behaviour during early meiotic prophase of mouse primary spermatocytes. AB - A correlative light- and electron microscopical study has yielded both a description of chromosome behaviour during early meiotic prophase in mouse spermatocytes, and an accurate timing of the zygotene and early pachytene stage. The light microscopic part of the study consists of an analysis of orcein stained or C-banded, air-dried preparations, and series of separately squashed sections of seminiferous tubules. The mice used for air-dried preparations were treated with hyroxyurea and triaziquone, which reduces the spermatocyte population to a small, well-defined group of cells in meiotic interphase. The development of the restricted spermatocyte population is followed during four days. The electron microscopical study consists of an investigation of synaptonemal complexes in thin sections of seminiferous tubules in various stages of the epithelial cycle. It turned out that synaptic pairing starts about half a day after the end of the DNA replication phase. At most one and a half day later chromosome pairing is completed. In very early pachytene spermatocytes a sex vesicle is not visible. The orientation of the X and Y chromosome into a sex vesicle starts about one day after the beginning of the pachytene stage. The existence of a leptotene stage is discussed. The presence of a pre-leptotene contraction phase in male mice is excluded. PMID- 7273953 TI - Synaptonemal complex analysis of mouse chromosomal rearrangements. III. Cytogenetic observations on two paracentric inversions. AB - Synaptonemal complex (SC) analysis by electron microscopy of spermatocytes in surface microspreads was carried out in mice heterozygous for two paracentric inversions: either In(1) 1 RK or In(2)5Rk. characteristic SC inversion loops are formed at synapsis in bivalents carrying the rearrangements. Although all loops were observed to be eliminated by late pachytene through synaptic adjustment, every spermatocyte at early pachytene contained a fully synapsed loop. Cells in the earliest stage of pachytene contained the longest loops and thus had undergone minimal adjustment. The SC estimates of inversion lengths and breakpoint positions in such cells corresponded well with those from mitotic chromosome banding and could be correlated with genetic maps of chromosomes #1 and #2, thus demonstrating the basis for the mapping of pachytene chromosomes. The regularity of loop formation and reproducibility of the SC analysis are reflected in the constant relative positions of the estimated breakpoints. The method is sensitive enough to reflect small, real, interstitial length differences between meiotic and mitotic chromosomes. The results demonstrate the feasibility and precision of detection and quantitative characterization of inversions at early meiotic prophase by SC analysis. PMID- 7273954 TI - Localization of single copy DNA sequences of G-banded human chromosomes by in situ hybridization. AB - Recombinant lambda bacteriophage clone H3 containing a human DNA segment of 14.9 kb present in one or two copies per haploid genome was isolated. In situ hybridization in human metaphase chromosomes of the 3H-labeled cloned DNA resulted in highly significant labeling (53% of cells) of band p36 of chromosome 1, such that 22% of all chromosomal grains were located on this region. Hybridization was dependent upon the presence of dextran sulfate in the hybridization mixture and was not affected by repetitive DNA competitor. These results demonstrate localization of a single copy sequence on human metaphase chromosomes. PMID- 7273955 TI - Ultrastructure and 3H-thymidine incorporation by chromosome vesicles in sea urchin embryos. AB - The ultrastructural features of chromosome vesicle formation in early sea urchin embryos and chromosome vesicle uptake of tritiated thymidine is described. Envelopes which resemble typical nuclear envelopes form around the condensed anaphase chromosomes. In late anaphase or early telophase, the chromosomes swell and decondense and it is at this time when tritiated thymidine is incorporated. This study shows that DNA synthesis in the rapidly dividing cells or early sea urchin embryos occurs in chromosome vesicles which form during anaphase. PMID- 7273956 TI - Macronuclear chromatin organization in Paramecium primaurelia. AB - Chromatin organization and transcriptional activity in the macronucleus of the ciliate Paramecium primaurelia have been studied by electron microscopic examination of spread chromatin preparations. Under spreading conditions which inhibit the activity of endogenous nucleases and proteases, various morphologically distinct types of chromatin are seen: (1) Largely condensed chromatin in the form of 30-40 nm supranucleosomal globules which aggregate to form knobbly 40-60 nm fibres and unravel into 12 nm nucleosomal filaments; (2) In rapidly growing cells, extended chromatin arranged groups of 4-8 adjacent nucleofilaments, each bearing numerous and very densely packed lateral fibrils. These fibrils are 20 nm thick, have a smooth outline and extend to lengths of up to 3 micron. Such transcripts are grouped in units along the chromatin axis and are apparently organized in register in adjacent filaments; (3) In starved cells, extended nucleofilaments bearing only occasional RNP fibrils. These various morphological characteristics are discussed in terms of macronuclear transcriptional activity and the polyploid nature of macronuclei. PMID- 7273957 TI - Anaphase progression and furrow establishment in nocodazole-arrested PtK1 cells. AB - The relationship between progression through anaphase and furrow establishment was investigated in PtK1 cells using the anti-mitotic agent Nocodazole to arrest cells at different points in anaphase. The capacity of cells to furrow was compared to the kinetochore-kinetochore separation attained at the time of arrest. For the stages of anaphase examined, furrowing capacity increased directly with kinetochore-kinetochore separation until complete furrows were formed after kinetochore-kinetochore separations of 14 micron or more were reached. Furrow establishment thus occurs during a definite interval during anaphase in PtK1 cells. Results from electron microscopy of both Nocodazole treated and control cells suggest that a population of astral microtubules may be important for furrow establishment. PMID- 7273958 TI - Arrangement of prematurely condensed chromosomes in cultured cells and lymphocytes of the Indian muntjac. AB - Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was induced in order to study the arrangement of muntjac chromosomes in the interphase nuclei of proliferating and resting cells with respect to their polarity and the spatial relationship between them. The data were compared with the situation in in situ fixed and colcemid blocked metaphases. It appears that in rapidly dividing cells almost all G1- and G2 interphase chromosomes exhibit the Rabl type polarized orientation. This pattern still predominates in G0 lymphocytes which may have been arrested at this stage for some months or even years. - The location of the small chromosome Y2 was found to be "central" in normal metaphases but "peripheral" in colcemid blocked mitoses. The behavior in the premature condensed chromosome preparations was intermediate. Measurements of centromere distances between all possible pairs of chromosomes as well as on the relative position of chromosomes in circular spreads revealed no evidence for homologous somatic association during interphase and metaphase or any other suprachromosomal ordering principle. Interphase chromosome orientation seems to be solely the result of chromosome arrangement of the foregoing anaphase. Association between heterochromatic regions or the nucleolus organizers did not substantially influence this pattern. There is no support for speculations that in mammalian cells close proximity of homologous sites is instrumental in functional cooperation. PMID- 7273959 TI - Non-random position of the A-T rich DNA sequences in early embryos of Drosophila virilis. AB - Examination of early embryos of Drosophila virilis by light and electron microscopy has shown that the A-T rich satellite DNA sequences have a non-random distribution within the nuclei. As observed by 33258 Hoechst staining and fluorescent microscopy, these sequences are consistently found to be located on the sides of the nuclei nearest to the vitelline membrane. This arrangement of the A-T rich sequences has been observed from the syncytial balstoderm stage into the gastrula stage where, in each nucleus, the satellite DNA sequences remain at a point nearest the topological outside of the organism. PMID- 7273961 TI - Enhanced light collection in a flow cytometer. AB - A modified flow cell in a conventional flow cytometer is described. The refraction of light in the flow cell-to-air interface is analyzed. The analysis shows that much of the light that can be collected is refracted out of the collection optics. The efficiency of light collection is doubled by the addition of a plano-convex lens to the flow cell. Also, more stable operation of the flow cell is achieved with the addition of a secondary sheath. PMID- 7273960 TI - Flow cytogenetic studies in chromosomes and whole cells for the detection of clastogenic effects. AB - Flow cytometric measurements of the chromosomal DNA content have been used to develop a screening method for the detection of chemically- or physically-induced cytogenetic damage. The reproducibility of this flow cytogenetic assay was shown in a series of subcultures of a Chinese hamster cell clone. The accuracy and sensitivity was tested in cultures treated with chemical mutagens and x-rays. The clastogenic effectiveness was quantified and the dose-effect relationship was established by the increase of the coefficient of variation of the peak of the largest chromosome type in the flow histograms. Since structural chromosome aberrations cause an unequal division of the DNA at mitosis, it is expected that clastogenic effects can be detected also in whole cells of growing populations as an increased dispersion of the cellular DNA content. In order to test this feature, high resolution flow cytometric measurements were performed in x irradiated hamster cells in vitro and mouse bone marrow cells in vivo. PMID- 7273962 TI - Further developments of a microscope-based flow cytometer: light scatter detection and excitation intensity compensation. AB - A microscope-based flow cytometer, which is based on a new flow system, has been extended to include light scatter detection, dual parameter fluorescence analysis, and a device which compensates for variations in excitation light intensity. A dichroic mirror splits the fluorescence into two spectral components that are further purified by additional filters situated in front of the photomultiplier tube detectors (PMT). Light scatter detection is obtained by a dark field configuration. An objective focuses the scattered light emitted within the dark field onto an adjustable slit in front of a PMT. Resolution of light scatter histograms of 1.5-micrometer latex spheres is about CV = 2.5%. Dual parameter analysis revealed a linear correlation between the light scatter signal and fluorescence of cells stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate, indicating that the light scatter signal is closely proportional to cell dry mass. The instrumental light scatter, which is proportional to the excitation light intensity, gives rise to a DC signal. This signal regulates the fluorescence signal amplifiers so that these signals are compensated for fluctuations in the excitation light intensity. PMID- 7273963 TI - The kinetics of the formation of a G2 block from tritiated thymidine in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes. AB - Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to monitor the radiation effects promoted by incorporated tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes stained with propidium iodide (PI). Lymphocyte microcultures were continuously labeled or pulse-labeled for various periods of time with different 3H-TdR concentrations. Two types of DNA histogram analyses were performed on unperturbed and 3H]TdR perturbed lymphocytes. The data analyses consisted of statistical analyses between averaged groups of histograms (nonparametric analysis) and cell cycle analyses (parametric analysis) to determine the percentages of cells in G0 + G1, S and G2 + M. The results showed that (a) 3H-TdR when added to proliferating lymphocytes under certain conditions (both short-term continuous and pulse-labeling) caused a highly significant increase in the proportion of tetraploid (4C) cells by FCM, (b) the increase in the proportion of 4C cells represented a block in G2 and (c) the relative increase in the percentage of 4C cells was proportional to 3H-TdR incorporation which was proportional to labeling time and concentration. Therefore, it was concluded that short labeling times be used to minimize adverse radiation effects when 3H-TdR is used to assay substances affecting lymphocyte proliferation or in the estimation of cell cycle time. PMID- 7273965 TI - Texture of white blood cells expressed by the counting densitogram. AB - The counting of particles and holes in white blood cells during thresholding at different gray levels results in a histogram, the counting densitogram, which contains information about granularity. Parameters describing the shape of this histogram appear to be sufficiently characteristic for the five normal white blood cell classes to allow a 84% correct discrimination between them. This method to quantitate granularity could be valuable for the analysis of cell texture and therefore, when used in combination with geometrical and density histogram parameters, could contribute to the results of morphometric discrimination between other than normal white blood cells. PMID- 7273964 TI - Correlation of the growth of Chinese hamster V279-17lb multicellular spheroids with cytokinetic parameters. AB - The volumes of Chinese hamster V279-17lb multicellular spheroids grown in spinner culture were measured and correlated to DNA distribution and cell volume distribution information. Spheroid growth curves were obtained over a 21-day period using both electronic cell volume measurements and microscope micrometer sizing. The spheroids were collected from the aperture tube after electronic sizing, and single cell suspensions were prepared via trypsinization. Saline washed cells were then stained with mithramycin and analyzed as unfixed or ethanol-fixed cells for both cell volume and DNA fluorescence measurements. Spheroid growth was determined to have an initial 8- to 9-day rapid growth phase, and a slow phase from 10 to 21 days. The single cell volume distributions of cells obtained from spheroids were dependent on spheroid volume and the relative proportions of small volume noncycling cells to large volume cycling cells comprising the spheroids were also dependent on spheroid volume. DNA distribution data and dual parameter DNA distribution cell volume contour patterns obtained for single cells dissociated from spheroids were closely related to the measured spheroid volume and revealed that the fraction of small, hypoxic G0-like cells was greatest in old, large spheroids. PMID- 7273966 TI - Modular computer programs for flow cytometry and sorting: the LACEL system. AB - A computer-based data acquisition, display and processing system for flow cytometers has been developed. The Los Alamos Cell Analysis (LACEL) programs and electronic hardware provide the capability to acquire list mode or histogram data for up to eight parameters and control bidirectional sorting based on up to four parameters for each direction. The programs described in this paper also enable the display of single parameter and bivariate histograms and the graphical manipulation of the list mode data. The electronic hardware is described in a companion paper. PMID- 7273967 TI - Modular electronics for flow cytometry and sorting: the LACEL system. AB - LACEL is newly developed, fast, general-purpose data acquisition and processing system for flow cytometric applications. The system's modular electronics allows flexibility in system configurations. The system can process as many as eight input analog parameters and can transfer 16-bit words between the user's electronics and the computer with standard input/output interfaces. The system's 8-fold coincidence logic capability can be set to operate with the noncoincidental timing that may occur in multiparameter flow measurements. As many as four parameters can be used to establish amplitude and timing criteria for each of two sorting directions. Two experiments can be on line with the computer at one time. PMID- 7273968 TI - Evaluation of selected aerosol-control measures on flow sorters. AB - Flow sorters produce microdroplets as part of their normal operation, and if these microdroplets escape into the room, they are potentially hazardous. We have tested several aerosol-control measures on a commercial flow sorter. To accomplish this, T-4 phages were introduced into the sorter's liquid jet through the sample injection tube, and culture plates containing lawns of T-4-sensitive Escherichia coli bacteria were exposed around the sorter for each operational configuration. After the exposure, the plates were incubated and then scored for plaques. A single phage-containing microdroplet landing on a plate was sufficient to cause a plaque of lysed bacteria to form. The number of plaques was thus an indicator of how much aerosol was released for each configuration. Aerosols were controlled most effectively by catching the central, undeflected stream in a vacuum-exhausted tube; this technique, coupled with the manufacturer's vacuum exhaustion of the air around the sorting location, produced no plaques. Several failure modes were tested, including having the central stream hit the outside of the catch-tube or deflection plates, and loss the manufacturer's vacuum exhaustion system. Many flow sorters allow the underflected stream to splash into a flask or beaker, an approach that produces the most plaques if instrument failure modes are excluded. The simple addition of a catch-tube removed this major contributor to the aerosol production. PMID- 7273969 TI - A flow system for partial automation of plating efficiency tests. AB - A flow system that sterilely deposits a known number of cells into a collection vessel has been constructed and evaluated. In this device, the cells from a single-cell suspension flow through a nozzle that constrains them to the center of the emerging jet. The cells in the jet are illuminated by a 0.5-mW helium-neon laser; they are detected, sized and counted on the basis of the light scattered as they pass through the laser beam. The device has been used for plating efficiency tests in a tissue culture laboratory. We found that it saved considerable labor by eliminating the dilution step from the standard plating efficiency procedure. The biologic effect of machine plating was determined by comparing plating efficiencies of KHT, CHO-T5, and CHO-AA8 cells established by hand plating with those established by machine plating. Results indicate that machine plating reduces the plating efficiency of the CHO-T5 cells while the plating efficiencies of the CHO-AA8 and KHT cells are unaffected. PMID- 7273970 TI - Flow cytometric electronic direct current volume and radiofrequency impedance measurements of single cells and particles. AB - A flow-system instrument is described that uses direct current and radiofrequency (rf) currents to detect simultaneously the low and high frequency impedance changes produced by biologic cells or particles suspended in saline traversing through a 93um diameter sensing orifice. For nonmembranous particles and plastic microspheres both the Coulter direct current volume and rf-parameter signals are proportional to particle volume. Cells having an intact plasma membrane produce rf-impedance changes dependent additionally on the electrical properties of the plasma membrane and intracellular structures. Thus, biologically different cells having the same Coulter direct current volume can be distinguished if they differ in their electrical rf impedance properties. PMID- 7273971 TI - The look-up table: a classifier for cell sorters. AB - Currently used classifiers for flow cell sorters are described and the look-up table is introduced as such. An experimental setup of a look-up table classifier added to a commercially available cell sorter, under control of a microcomputer is described. The contents of the look-up table are obtained from contours of regions of interest. These regions are defined by the user who designates the areas on a video color display of the bivariate flow data. Since most cell clusters form elliptic or ovoid shapes in a multi-dimensional feature space this method enables a better matching of window shapes to cluster outlines, compared to conventional sort decision circuitry. PMID- 7273972 TI - Dual laser beam focussing for flow cytometry through a single crossed cylindrical lens pair. AB - Two laser beans (argon 488 nm blue, and krypton UV lines) have been focussed either to the same point or to two different points in a vertical plane in a multiparameter flow cytometer. The technique exploits the focal length shortening of the longer wavelength beam that occurs with spherical and astigmatic lens aberrations. Ethidium bromide-stained DNA is excited by both the argon 488 nm and krypton UV lines and the excitation intensities of both beams were set to give the same red fluorescence pulse height from ethidium bromide-stained nuclei. DNA histograms were obtained for sequential focussing of the two beams and these were virtually identical irrespective of which beam was the first excitor and irrespective of which beam the histogram was recorded from. Coincident focussing of the two exciting beams resulted in a histogram of double the emission intensity. PMID- 7273973 TI - The fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide bound to DNA depends on the concentration of sodium chloride. AB - While performing DNA analysis with propidium iodide using the FACS-II cell sorter, it was noted that the fluorescence intensity was not constant during the measurements. When different sheath and sample fluids were used, the fluorescence intensity of a given cell population increased or decreased during the measurement, depending on the concentration of sodium chloride in the fluids. By selecting the appropriate sheath and sample fluid combination, the drift in fluorescence intensity can be avoided. PMID- 7273974 TI - Flow cytofluorometric analysis of the nuclear division cycle of Physarum polycephalum plasmodia. AB - The nuclear cycle kinetics of Physarum polycephalum plasmodia were examined using flow cytofluorometry. The dyes Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide were used to stain the DNA of isolated nuclei. In asynchronously growing microplasmodia. S phase consists of 13--15% of the nuclear division cycle time. Nuclei isolated from individual macroplasmodia, which have previously been demonstrated to divide in synchrony, were shown to be less synchronized during late S phase than during mitosis. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of flow cytometric measurement of the properties of nuclei isolated from a single cell. PMID- 7273975 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of cellular endogenous fluorescence simultaneously with emission from exogenous fluorochromes, light scatter and absorption. AB - A cytofluorimeter capable of simultaneous 4-parameter analysis (i.e., endogenous fluorescence (NAD(P)H), exogenous fluorescent dyes, absorption and small angle scatter) is described. Analyses have been performed on isolated rat liver cells, white blood cells, bone marrow, thymus cells and yeast under different metabolic states. This allows correlations between cell function and concentration of cell substances, size, refractive indices, etc. Kinetic measurements are also possible. PMID- 7273976 TI - The application of flow cytometry for the quantification of the response of experimental tumors to irradiation. AB - R1H rhabdomyosarcomas of the rat were irradiated with 15 Gy of x-rays and the depopulation and repopulation of the tumor was determined by means of flow cytometry, quantitative histology and colony assays. The results show that flow cytometry yields important information about the cell population kinetics of irradiated tumors, but misleading results are obtained if flow cytometry is not combined with the determination of the numerical density of cells. PMID- 7273977 TI - Omental pedicle graft rectopexy for rectal procidentia: preliminary report of a new method. AB - Twenty-six patients with rectal procidentia were satisfactorily treated by omental pedicle graft. Ten patients had anterior resection in addition to the omental pedicle graft procedure. There was no mortality and the morbidity was low. This is a preliminary report of the procedure. The entity of internal procidentia remains ill-defined, but with new demonstrative techniques it may become clearer and receive greater attention. The omental pedicle graft procedure is recommended for cautious trial because of the short follow-up period. PMID- 7273978 TI - Quantitative analysis of anorectal pressures in Hirschsprung's disease. AB - Anorectal motility was investigated in 146 children with Hirschsprung's disease and 89 normal control subjects. Pressures were recorded in the rectum and anal canal at rest and during rectal distention. The rectoanal inhibitory reflex was absent in all but four patients. Intraluminal rectal pressure was higher than normal (16.5 vs. 14.6 cm H2O, P less than 0.03), with more frequent (41 per cent vs. 18 per cent, P less than 0.01) pressure waves. In the upper anal canal, there were more frequent (62 per cent vs. 18 per cent, P less than 0.001) spontaneous variations of pressure of lower frequency (9.5 vs. 12.8 cycles/min P less than 0.001) and greater amplitude (5.2 vs. 3.6 cm H2O, P less than 0.001) than normal. The rectoanal contractile reflex occurred in 47 per cent of the patients but in only 21 per cent of the control subjects (P less than 0.001). Aganglionosis was associated with the presence of a rectoanal inhibitory reflex in three patients. This study confirms the value of anorectal manometry in diagnosing Hirschsprung's disease in a large group of patients, and demonstrates other abnormalities that may be useful in cases in which histologic and manometric data are in conflict. PMID- 7273979 TI - A new approach to the nipple in Kock's reservoir ileostomy using Mersilene mesh. PMID- 7273980 TI - Granulomatous appendicitis. AB - Granulomatous appendicitis as an isolated pathologic entity unassociated with systemic disease is extremely rare. Many such cases in the past have been called "primary tuberculous appendicitis." Others have been called "chronic appendicitis" or "Crohn's disease." Recent information indicates that Yersinia pseudotuberculous bacillus could also cause granulomas in the appendix. Within the past ten years the authors have come across three cases of granulomatous appendicitis. A review of the literature and retrospective study of the authors' cases suggest that the causative agent in many of these could be Yersinia. However, the authors believe that as long as there is no positive proof of the cause, such lesions should be considered granulomatous appendicitis. PMID- 7273981 TI - The low stapled anastomosis. PMID- 7273982 TI - The prognostic implications of obstructing left colonic cancers. PMID- 7273983 TI - Supralevator abscess: diagnosis and treatment. AB - Anorectal suppurations are quite common. Supralevator abscesses, previously regarded as a rare subgroup, were seen in 9.1 per cent of 506 patients admitted to Cook County Hospital in a two-year period. Aggressive supportive management was followed by early, adequate drainage through the rectum whenever indicated. When fistulas were identified, either a primary fistulotomy or a two-stage fistulotomy using a seton was performed in the majority of cases. Important factors in the prevention of morbidity and mortality included debridement of all necrotic tissue, careful bacteriologic studies and judicious use of antibiotics, close postoperative observation, and long-term follow-up of the patients. PMID- 7273984 TI - Malignant transformation of perianal condyloma acuminatum: a case report with review of the literature. AB - A case of squamous-cell carcinoma arising in association with perianal condyloma acuminatum was studied by light microscopy. The eight previously reported cases of malignant transformation of perianal and anorectal condylomata acuminatum are reviewed and the salient features described. Light microscopic examination of the case reported here demonstrated several foci of subtle and abrupt transition from condyloma acuminatum to epithelial dysplasia and to carcinoma in situ with focal frank invasion. This study further substantiates the existence of malignant transformation of condyloma acuminatum, particularly in perianal skin. PMID- 7273985 TI - Giant sigmoid diverticula. PMID- 7273986 TI - Carcinoma of the colon associated with pregnancy: report of a case. PMID- 7273987 TI - Benign ulcer of the cecum. PMID- 7273988 TI - Polyposis and carcinoma of the small bowel and familial colonic polyposis. AB - This article reviews a case of small-bowel polyposis associated with a primary jejunal adenocarcinoma in a patient who had previously undergone a subtotal colectomy for familial colonic polyposis. The patient was seen for a spontaneously resolving, subacute small-bowel obstruction secondary to metastatic mesenteric and serosal nodules. The jejunal malignancy was metastatic to the lungs in the form of lymphangitic spread, the patient subsequently dying after an open-lung biopsy in an attempt to establish a diagnosis. This particular combination of clinical features, especially the pulmonary findings, appears not to have been previously reported. PMID- 7273989 TI - Carcinoma in situ of the vermiform appendix associated with adenomatosis of the colon. AB - A case is reported of carcinoma in situ of the vermiform appendix associated with adenomatosis of the colon. Histologic examination revealed the presence of tubulovillous adenocarcinoma in an adenoma. Other lesions associated with this neoplasm were multiple adenomatous polyps in the colon and duodenum and two fibromas in the neck. Since the vermiform appendix is a part of the large intestine, it should be expected that careful examination may reveal the adenomatous involvement and may lead to the discovery of carcinoma in situ. PMID- 7273990 TI - Enteroduodenal fistulas in Crohn's disease. PMID- 7273991 TI - Colonic obstruction as a complication of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7273992 TI - Diagnosis of transanal prolapse and bleeding with an inspection mirror. PMID- 7273993 TI - The classification of ultrastructural topography in the context of an ultrastructural diagnostic service. AB - Ultrastructural diagnosis relies on the recognition of specific organelles and the identification of various subcellular features and relationships. As E.M. case loads increase, the recall and comparison of particular cases becomes increasingly difficult. A system of classification is proposed, in a format compatible with SNOP and SNOMED, which permits the precise coding of subcellular details. Such a system could assist in the classification of disease, the storage and analysis of data and the retrieval and study of case material on an inter departmental basis. PMID- 7273994 TI - Diagnostic ultrastructural pathology--sub-speciality or special stain? AB - The high resolving power of the electron microscopy gives ultrastructural pathology many of the features of a 'sensitive, multipurpose stain'. But the high resolution gives rise to problems of evaluation since most pathological features of disease are specific in a quantitative rather than in a qualitative way. Thus, pathological changes may be of diagnostic importance when they are severe enough to be seen by light microscopy, but less so when only revealed by electron microscopy. Problems of evaluation and interpretation should not lead to paralysing nihilism but should make us realize that electron microscopy does not represent the ignorant pathologist's key to a diagnostic heaven, no more than do special stains, histochemistry and immunocytochemistry. At present it may be necessary to organize ultrastructural pathology as a kind of sub-speciality of pathology. In the long run, we feel that sub-specialities should be related to the object studied rather than to the instrument used. Thus, the neuropathologist should do ultrastructural neuropathology, the cytologist ultrastructural cytopathology, etc. in the same way as most kidney pathologists already do their own ultrastructural work. PMID- 7273995 TI - The role of electron microscopy in the determination of tumour histogenesis. AB - In the majority of cases the histogenesis and classification of tumours can be unequivocally established by light microscopy, but in some instances the diagnosis remains ambiguous even after special staining techniques have been employed. So wide and varied are the situations in which the electron microscope can help establish a diagnosis that it is impossible to even mention them all in the brief time available. I will therefore present only a brief description of the manner in which one can resolve with the electron microscopy some well known diagnostic problems. This includes distinguishing: (1) an anaplastic carcinoma from a sarcoma; (2) an amelanotic melanoma from other tumours; (3) APUDomas from other tumors; (4) myosarcomas from other tumours; and (5) Ewing's tumour, neuroblastoma and lymphoma from each other. PMID- 7273997 TI - Clinical--correctional interface in drug abuse treatment--the Milwaukee model. AB - Although drug abuse treatment staff and corrections staff frequently deal with the same individuals, each has evolved a separate model for working with drug abuse clients. Maintenance of this traditional dichotomy has not been in the best interest of the client. The Milwaukee drug program has addressed this issue by integrating a full-time probation and parole agent into its clinical program. The model's implications for confidentiality, client-treatment--corrections staff role relationship and training are discussed. PMID- 7273996 TI - Neuroendocrine neoplasms in unusual primary sites. AB - Primary neoplasms arising in the liver (3 cases), skin (3 cases) and larynx (2 cases) were studied with a combination of light microscopy, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic techniques. Clinically, only one case exhibited a hormonal syndrome (Zollinger-Ellison) while another had elevated levels of calcitonin in the serum. By light microscopy only one tumour appeared characteristically neuroendocrine ('carcinoid'). The other cases showed variable patterns of small to intermediate size cell carcinomas at times admixed with exocrine appearing areas. Immunoperoxidase studies showed reactivity for various peptides including gastrin, calcitonin, somatostatin and ACTH. Several tumours were positive for more than one peptide. Electron microscopy revealed variable populations of neurosecretory type granules either in the main cytoplasmic mass or in cytoplasmic processes. We conclude that some 'undifferentiated' neoplasms from the aforementioned sites may prove to have neuroendocrine differentiation if the proper techniques are applied to their study. Clinical hormonal syndromes appear to be rare in these tumours;s however, determination of various amine and/or peptide materials, or possibly their metabolites, may be valid aids for their recognition and monitoring. The structural patterns of these tumours are very variable and may include cells with squamous features as well as exocrine differentiation with occasionally prominent production of mucosubstances. PMID- 7273998 TI - Follow-up of Vietnam veterans II. Social adjustment. AB - Vietnam veterans were divided into three groups according to their inservice narcotics use: frequent users (n = 98), occasional users (n = 55) and nonusers (n = 49). Using a blind interview procedure the three groups were found to differ in the areas of employment/education, family adjustment, physical health, and depression. A composite "Social Adjustment Factor" was derived from these four areas, and a series of multiple correlations were computed in order to assess the effect of Vietnam drug use on the Social Adjustment Factor when preservice variables were held constant. Both the Social Adjustment Factor and two of its components, family adjustment and depression, continued to correlate significantly with the Vietnam drug group after the influence of preservice variables had been accounted for. Correlations between the two components employment/education and physical health and Vietnam drug group were no longer significant. The authors conclude that current social adjustment is determined by the interaction of preservice conditions and the Vietnam experience itself. PMID- 7273999 TI - Cognitive deficit in middle-aged alcoholics. AB - Two groups of male alcoholics with mean ages of 44 and 55 and two groups of matched control subjects were tested twice, one year apart. Comparisons on verbal and adaptive ability factors derived from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale and selected Halstead--Reitan neuropsychological tests found no differences on verbal abilities. Significant improvement for the younger alcoholics on retesting indicates that previous comparisons of the neuropsychological effect of aging and alcoholism may not have sufficiently taken into account the reversibility of an alcoholic deficit. For the age range studied here, it may be only older alcoholics who appear different from control subjects. PMID- 7274000 TI - Increasing incidence of Pseudomonas endocarditis among parenteral drug abusers. PMID- 7274001 TI - The drug-use patterns of helping-profession students in Brisbane, Australia. AB - A survey of 1691 first-and final-year students in the helping professions (medicine, law, nursing, pharmacy, police science, seminary, social work/ psychology, and teaching) as to their use of drugs was carried out during February to April, 1980, in Brisbane, Australia. The results indicated that about 86% drank coffee or tea, 85% drank alcohol, 85% used non-prescription analgesics, 31% used tobacco, 25% antihistamines, 9% marijuana, 9% sedatives, 6% tranquilizers, 2% hallucinogens, 2% stimulants, 1% cocaine and 1% used opiates at least once a year. Of these students, females used analgesics and antihistamines significantly more frequently than males and consumed more caffeine, tobacco and analgesics than males, while males drank significantly more alcohol than females. Final-year students used more alcohol, coffee or tea and tobacco, and used marijuana, coffee and tea and tobacco significantly more frequently than first year students. Individuals who did not consider religion important used more alcohol and tobacco and used marijuana, tobacco and hallucinogens more frequently compared to individuals who considered religion to be important. There was also a significant difference in drug usage between the different courses of study for most of the substances, with law students using the majority of substances the most frequently and seminarians the least frequently. PMID- 7274002 TI - Acute heroin abstinence in man. III. Effect upon waking and slow wave sleep. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute heroin withdrawal on waking behavior and slow wave sleep. Data were collected from drug-dependent patients who were using pure heroin and from drug-free controls. All data were recorded on a 24-hour per day basis for 5 - 7 consecutive days. EEG records were manually scored according to standard criteria. The heroin-dependent patients during withdrawal showed approximately a 26% decrease in slow wave sleep and an 18% increase in waking behavior. The awake state in the heroin-dependent patients during withdrawal also displayed an increase in number of episodes and number of state shifts, and a decrease in duration and sleep onset latency. In addition, the slow wave sleep categories during withdrawal generally showed an increase in sleep onset latency and interstate interval and a decrease in number of episodes. These results indicate that heroin withdrawal is associated with a marked disruption of the central nervous system mechanisms responsible for maintenance of the normal sleep--waking cycle. Analyses of the pattern of this disruption will further aid in understanding the withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 7274003 TI - Methadone disposition following oral versus parenteral dose administration in rats during chronic treatment. AB - A single radiolabeled dose of dl-methadone was administered by the oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes to rats that had been chronically treated with dl-methadone. Radiolabeled compound (methadone and metabolites) was found in all organs at all time points studied after 30 minutes to 24 hours. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis showed that approximately 30-40 per cent of this compound is unchanged methadone at the 1-hour time point in the liver of rats receiving an oral or intravenous dose and in the brain of rats receiving an oral dose. Ninety-four per cent of compounds in brain is unchanged methadone at 1 hour after intravenous dose administration. Twenty-four hours following dose administration, levels of methadone within any organ are found to be similar irrespective of route of administration. The liver was found to contain the largest amounts of methadone in all animals studied with whole blood, lungs, and kidneys also containing large total amounts of methadone and metabolites. The liver and adrenals contained the highest concentration of radiolabeled compounds. PMID- 7274004 TI - A Closeness to Divorce Scale for wives of alcoholics. AB - A 15-item Guttman scale, Closeness to Divorce, was developed to describe and quantify how close an alcoholic's wife is to divorce at a given point in time. A detailed precoded interview schedule guided extensive interviews with 60 women, varying in marital status, who were current or former wives of men treated of alcoholism in Veterans Administration Hospitals. The interview contained 24 items on various aspects of marital stability gathered from the literature and from pilot interviews. These items were factor analysed and 15 items, loading 0.40 or better on the first principal component, were chosen for further analysis. A Guttman scale computer program was used to arrange the 15 items to form a Closeness to Divorce Scale, i.e. a unidimensional, cumulative scale with divorce at the endpoint and sequential psychological, interpersonal, geographic and legal steps toward divorce as the other items. Preliminary evidence of construct validity, potential clinical and research uses for scale, its limitations, and suggestions for future studies are described. PMID- 7274005 TI - Drug abuse in a farm community; a brief appraisal of a research work. AB - This project was initiated in the rural areas of the Punjab to assess the prevailing trends in the abuse of intoxicating drugs by rural folk, with a view to contributing to future primary mental health care planning as an integral part of comprehensive health care planning. Twenty-four villages were selected from six community development blocks in the three bordering districts of the Punjab. In the rural population, the abuse of intoxicating drugs is mainly confined to alcohol, tobacco, opium and cannabis. Among psychosocial correlates, religion was of obvious predominance. Since Sikh are non-smokers, tobacco abuse was much less among them; but they had maximum alcohol ;and opium abuse. The structure of the family and number of family members tend to move together in their association with drug abuse. In relation to income in general, drug abuse was more common at the two ends of economic scale-the richest and the poorest. Social perception of drug abuse has highlighted the fact that in villages it has still not become an illicit or underground activity. The findings suggest a number of measures for promoting future primary mental health care among rural fold of the country. PMID- 7274006 TI - A critical evaluation of the obstetric use of alcohol in preterm labor. AB - The clinical use of alcohol to delay premature labor is critically reviewed. The evidence indicates that this procedure is no more effective in arresting preterm labor than placebo, i.e., bed rest. The rational for the clinical use of alcohol in obstetrics is also questionable. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that the blood alcohol levels associated with this method often causes nausea, vomiting, and headaches in mothers and can cause deleterious effects in the fetus, including death. PMID- 7274007 TI - The frequency of delirium tremens and chlormethiazole (Heminevrin). PMID- 7274008 TI - Thyroid status in patients with alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 7274009 TI - Zinc concentrations in ethanol liquid diet formulations. PMID- 7274010 TI - In vitro evaluation of a vancomycin radioimmunoassay and observations on vancomycin pharmacokinetics in dialysis patients. AB - A recently marketed radioimmunoassay (RIA) for vancomycin (Monitor Science Corp.) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The RIA and bioassay results on 15 spiked serum samples found no significant difference between the two assays, although RIA results were significantly less variable. The coefficient of variation (RIA) was 5.5%. Vancomycin showed no significant degradation in plasma at 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C for up to 36 days. Five dialysis patients had a total of 62 serum levels determined. When vancomycin 1 g was given weekly to two anuric adults, marked accumulation occurred. This finding was consistent with vancomycin's long terminal half-life (19.8 and 17.8 days) obtained from a new computer subroutine which obtains least square estimators of model parameters from multiple dose data. Despite serum levels well above the MIC, two patients remained bacteremic. Peritoneal levels of vancomycin in two patients with suspected peritonitis equalled corresponding serum levels. PMID- 7274011 TI - Number and type of psychotropic drugs on the Scandinavian market in 1950-1977. AB - This article describes the number and types of psychotropic drugs on the market in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden from 1950-1977. The total number of drugs on the market in each country depended greatly on how psychotropic drugs were defined, but trends with time and differences between the countries were less affected by this definition. The number of drugs was highest in Finland and lowest in Norway. In all countries, the number of drugs increased from 1950 to the mid-1960s, most abruptly in Finland. They then quickly decreased in Finland and Sweden, but remained fairly constant in Denmark and Norway. The number of different active substances was much smaller than the number of drugs, and the differences between the countries were also smaller. The proportions of combination and hidden psychotropic drugs in relation to all psychotropics were considerable in Finland and Sweden, and the varying numbers of combination drugs contributed greatly to the wide differences in the number of drugs. From the medical point of view, far too many drugs were on the market in that period. PMID- 7274012 TI - Locus of control dimensions among senior pharmacy students electing post-Pharm.D. residencies. PMID- 7274013 TI - Severe diarrhea secondary to propranolol. AB - Although propranolaol is effective and widely used for many disorders, there are reports of it causing side effects severe enough to warrant its discontinuance. A 71-year-old female is reported to have experienced diarrhea and weight loss from the use of propranolol 20 mg qid. On discontinuing the drug, the diarrhea quickly resolved. On rechallenge with 10 mg qid the patient displayed no problems; however, when the dosage was increased to 20 mg qid, the diarrhea returned. When the drug was discontinued the second time, the diarrhea stopped again. The occurrence of diarrhea in any patient receiving propranolol should cause consideration of an adverse drug reaction. PMID- 7274014 TI - Severe tracheobronchitis from inhalation of an isobutyl nitrite preparation. AB - Isobutyl nitrite has recently become a popularly abused drug in the United States. Although many adverse effects, including headache, hypotension, and methemoglobinemia, are known to occur following exposure to this class of drugs, little has been written concerning the effects of illicit use of isobutyl nitrite. In this case, severe tracheobronchitis developed following short-term exposure by inhalation of this drug. PMID- 7274015 TI - Comment on aspirin bioavailability article. PMID- 7274017 TI - Issues and priorities for research in geriatric pharmaceutical care. PMID- 7274016 TI - Methods of modifying compliance behavior in hypertensive patients. AB - The cardinal features of patient compliance, as conceptualized in this article, are that medication-taking is a behavior, the decision to comply is a dynamic process, and compliance is a highly individualistic phenomenon. This individualization may be determined in part by specific health-related factors and inherent individual traits influencing the decision to comply. Thus, the practitioner who wishes to respond to compliance must offer strategies that are behaviorally oriented, tailored to the individual patient, and continuously applied. It is evident that compliance behavior is very complex and multifaceted. It is unlikely that any single compliance-improving strategy will adequately address the problem in all patients. Instead, combinations of techniques offered continuously over the span of the therapy are more likely to be successful. Finally, the common element that appears to run through all of the compliance studies is the attention given study patients by health workers. It may be that regardless of the specific techniques used, increasing attention to the compliance issue will help keep it in the forefront during decision-making and improve compliance behavior. PMID- 7274018 TI - PPIs: community pharmacists' compliance. AB - In order to determine community pharmacists' compliance with FDA PPI regulations, five trained shoppers were sent with estrogen prescriptions to 45 pharmacies in a large Midwestern city. Only 42 percent of the prescriptions dispensed were accompanied by a PPI. Fifty-six percent of the prescriptions were dispensed without safety caps. In all cases where a correct PPI was received, a follow-up phone call was made to a pharmacist at the pharmacy to determine the accuracy of the response to a question about information in the PPI. Only 39 percent of the pharmacists were able to correctly answer the phone-in question. PMID- 7274019 TI - Lack of Efficacy of antacid tablets--fact or fiction. PMID- 7274020 TI - Nalidixic acid-induced photodermatitis after minimal sun exposure. AB - More than 30 cases of bullous photodermatitis have already been associated with the administration of nalidixic acid. This reaction is reported in a 57-year-old woman whose sun exposure was minimal. Nalidixic acid-induced photoreactions generally occur in females; they affect mainly the dorsal surfaces of the hands, feet, and legs, and usually do not involve the face. Blistering is always reported, and erythema is common. Dosage regimen and duration of treatment have little influence on the onset and severity of the reaction, which is probably of allergic nature. Its duration may be long, from three to six weeks, reexposure to the sun may trigger the reappearance of blistering for several months, even in the absence of a drug rechallenge. PMID- 7274021 TI - Elevations in serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase secondary to papaverine hydrochloride. AB - A case of papaverine-induced elevated liver function tests occurred in a 58-year old female with peripheral vascular disease after she received papaverine hydrochloride 150 mg bid over a two- to three-week period. The patient presented with abnormal elevations in serum transaminases (SGOT and SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase. The papaverine was discontinued, and the elevated enzymes returned to normal within three weeks. PMID- 7274022 TI - Fenoprofen (Nalfon) overdose. PMID- 7274023 TI - An unrecognized cause of warfarin resistance. PMID- 7274024 TI - Propranolol and thyroxine metabolism. PMID- 7274025 TI - Non-estrogen treatment for menopausal symptoms. PMID- 7274026 TI - Correction to erythromycin ototoxicity. PMID- 7274027 TI - Bad taste from cefamandole. PMID- 7274028 TI - New drug evaluations amiloride (Midamor, Merck, Sharp and Dohme). AB - Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic that is pharmacologically similar to triamterene. It has been widely used abroad for several years, alone and in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. As a potassium-sparing agent, amiloride appears to be approximately as effective as triamterene and spironolactone and to have a longer duration of action than triamterene, allowing once daily dosing. The diuretic effect of amiloride is mild, as are all agents that act at distal tubular sites. Amiloride appears to have an antihypertensive effect approximating that of the thiazides and spironolactone-an advantage over triamterene, which is devoid of antihypertensive effects. Amiloride will probably be most useful as a potassium-sparing agent in combination with the thiazide and loop diuretics. It should be kept in mind, however, that many patients on thiazide diuretics do not need supplemental potassium or potassium-sparing agents if they have no other complicating factors, such as digitalis therapy. When hypokalemia causes symptoms, a potassium-sparing agent have advantages over oral potassium supplements in patient tolerance and compliance. Because of the possibility of tumorigenicity and estrogenic side effects, spironolactone's popularity has been decreasing in recent years. Amiloride will probably be a strong competitor of triamterene and spironolactone because of its longer duration of action than triamterene and, from early indications (cf. ticrynafen), more benign side effects than spironolactone. The drug should be used with great caution, if at all, in patients with impaired renal function, however. The benefits of amiloride will have to be weighed against the cost of the drug in individual patients. PMID- 7274029 TI - Actinomycosis: the disease and its treatment. AB - A case of pulmonary actinomycosis is described in a patient who presented with fever, weight loss, and a painful mass on his lower anterior left rib cage. Gram stain and culture and sensitivity tests performed on the fluid drawn of the chest wall mass revealed Actinomyces israelii as the infecting organism. The patient was successfully treated with long-term penicillin therapy. A review of this rare bacterial disease is presented, emphasizing its treatment and its similarities and differences to other bacterial and fungal diseases. PMID- 7274031 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobins and diabetic control assessment. AB - This historical development, biosynthesis, analysis, interpretation, and utilization of glycosylated hemoglobin determinations (HbA1 or HbA1c alone) are presented. The relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin determinations and assessment of diabetic control is discussed. HbA1 and HbA1c levels are elevated approximately twofold in diabetic patients. A correlation exists between abnormal fluctuations in blood glucose levels and HbA1 concentrations. The results of glycosylated hemoglobin determinations are not influenced by recent meals, physical activity, emotional stress, or inherited abnormalities. Although glycosylated hemoglobin determinations are subject to fewer variables than blood and urine glucose assessments, the clinician must be aware of the indications and limitations for their use. These indications and limitations are discussed. PMID- 7274030 TI - Physical assessment series: the thorax and the lungs. AB - The anatomy of the thorax and lungs and the physiology or respiration are complex. The physical assessment techniques which, on the surface, appear relatively easy to master, require hours of practice of observation, palpation, percussion, and auscultation before the examiner becomes familiar with the more subtle changes of disease process and the wide variations of normal that may be confused with illness. These are skills that may be quickly lost if not regularly applied. But perhaps with the use of such techniques, the pharmacist can play an even greater role in the monitoring of drug therapy. PMID- 7274032 TI - Cimetidine in systemic mastocytosis. AB - 54-year-old caucasian women with systemic mastocytosis manifested by gastrointestinal and dermatological symptoms that were treated with cyproheptadine, Lomotil (diphenoxylate-atropine), and cimetidine was studied. The patient consented to discontinue the H2-receptor antagonist, and to have the following values measured: serum and urine concentrations of cimetidine: complete blood count (CBC) with differential, serum chemistry, and urinalysis; and systemic mastocytosis symptomatology. The patient experienced prompt recurrence of gastrointestinal and dermatological symptoms after stopping the cimetidine; the drug was restarted in three days and the symptoms subsided. The preceding laboratory and symptomatological values were recorded for 11 days after the reinstitution of cimetidine therapy. Histamine, gastrin, CBC, serum chemistry, and urinalysis remained normal, with and without cimetidine. Exacerbations of her symptoms were worst when no drug was detected in the serum. Therefore, it appears that cimetidine has a role in treating the symptoms of systemic mastocytosis. PMID- 7274033 TI - A study of intravenous emulsion compatibility: effects of dextrose, amino acids, and selected electrolytes. AB - Microscopic and electronic counting procedures as well as visual observations for creaming and flocculation were employed to quantitatively and qualitatively measure the effects of dextrose, amino acids and various mono- and di-valent cations on the globule size distribution of the soybean oil emulsion 10%, Intralipid. A linear regression analysis was demonstrated to successfully profile much of the stability data. Results indicated that divalent cations caused flocculation in the emulsion's internal phase immediately upon or shortly after the addition of their salts. The rate and extent of flocculation intensified with increasing ionic concentration. Amino acids, apparently acting at the oil/water interface, delayed divalent cation-induced flocculation; however, they did not prevent emulsion stability loss. The addition of dextrose 5% or 12.5% brought about a reduction of emulsion pH and significant globule coalescence 72 hours after admixture. Monovalent cations (i.e., Na+, K+) induced a progressive loss of emulsion stability over the 72-hour course of the experiments, the effect of function of ionic concentration. From the data, a model has been generated to predict significant changes (p less than 0.05) in Intralipid's globule size distribution upon addition of solute and exposure to room temperature. Further recommendations of solute admixture with the intravenous emulsion are also included. PMID- 7274034 TI - The influence of urine flow on renal clearance of creatinine in patients with normal and impaired kidney function. PMID- 7274035 TI - A practical dissertation on the "PD". PMID- 7274036 TI - Pharmacokinetics of the 1.73-cm2 person: are they the same for a 70-kg person? PMID- 7274037 TI - Comment on antiepileptic pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7274039 TI - Comment on theophylline overdose. PMID- 7274038 TI - Comment on phenytoin dosage. PMID- 7274040 TI - Pharmacy-nursing Kardex rounds--a communication technique. PMID- 7274041 TI - The treatment of narcolepsy and cataplexy. AB - Narcolepsy may affect as many as 250,000 Americans. It involves a neurologic defect in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. The chief symptoms are sleepiness, inappropriate sleep episodes, and cataplexy. Narcoleptic patients also frequently complain of hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and automatic behavior, as well as disturbed nocturnal sleep. Narcolepsy usually develops in adolescence and is a life-long illness. Satisfactory treatment is not available at the present time. The current treatments of choice include general measures (such as patient and family counseling and frequent napping) and drug treatments, including methylphenidate for sleepiness and sleep episodes and imipramine for cataplexy. Medication dosages mut be adjusted for individual patients. Pharmacists have a special responsibility to monitor narcoleptic patients by becoming familiar with the disease and its symptoms and by encouraging patients to follow their drug regimens and to take drug holidays under the supervision of the physician when the drug dose becomes excessive. PMID- 7274042 TI - Plasma concentration monitoring of hydroxylated metabolites of imipramine and desipramine. AB - Steady-state serum concentrations of imipramine (IMI), its demethylated metabolite desipramine (DMI), and the active, hydroxylated metabolites, 2-hydroxy imipramine (2-OH-IMI) and 2-hydroxy-desipramine (2-OH-DMI) were monitored in 126 psychiatric patients receiving IMI therapy. DMI and 2-OH-DMI concentrations were determined in a similar group of 61 DMI-treated patients. Although significant correlations exist between hydroxy metabolite and precursor concentrations, considerable variability was also found. Mean (+/- SD) ratios for the IMI patients were: 2-OH-IMI:IMI = 0.27 (+/- 0.19) and 2-OH-DMI:DMI = 0.56 (+/- 0.30). The ratio of DMI:IMI for males and 2-OH-DMI:DMI for females decreased with age (r = -0.42 and -0.32, respectively, p less than 0.01). Variable metabolite concentrations and the uncertainty of their relative psychoactivity may contribute to the difficulties in relating antidepressant efficacy to serum concentrations of the administered IMI or DMI. PMID- 7274043 TI - Winning the clinical pharmacy. PMID- 7274044 TI - Reversible flu-like syndrome, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia induced by allopurinol. PMID- 7274045 TI - Penicillin G-induced granulocytopenia. PMID- 7274047 TI - The cut finger syndrome--Intercept vaginal suppositories. PMID- 7274046 TI - Possible toxic interaction of propranolol and narcotic analgesics. PMID- 7274048 TI - Diabetic urine testing in South Carolina. PMID- 7274049 TI - Influence of gender on theophylline dosage requirements in children with chronic asthma. PMID- 7274050 TI - Counseling the hearing-impaired older adult. PMID- 7274051 TI - Acute ethylene oxide intoxication. AB - A case of acute ethylene oxide intoxication is described in which neurological involvement was present. Three recurrent seizures over a period of an hour were observed in a 43-year-old female. The patient continued to complain of malaise and inability to perform minor motor tasks up to one week after discharge. Neurological evaluation conducted three weeks after toxic exposure was completely normal. A two-month follow-up showed the patient to be asymptomatic without recurrence of symptoms. PMID- 7274052 TI - Flupenthixol poisoning in a child. PMID- 7274053 TI - Psychiatric complications with erythromycin. PMID- 7274054 TI - Lack of effect of cimetidine on theophylline clearance. PMID- 7274055 TI - Comment on parasitic diseases. PMID- 7274056 TI - Clinical application of pharmacokinetics in adjusting gentamicin dosage: case reports. PMID- 7274057 TI - Effects of capitation payment for pharmacy services on pharmacist-dispensing and physician-prescribing behavior: II. Therapeutic category analysis, over-the counter drug usage, and drug interactions. PMID- 7274058 TI - The pharmacist as prescriber of drug therapy: the USC pilot project. AB - Recent legislation in California allows pilot projects to investigate prescribing by pharmacists. The University of Southern California School of Pharmacy project was approved in October, 1978. To be certified as prescribers, pharmacists must successfully complete a physical assessment course and a certifying examination. From an original group of 30 interested pharmacists, 25 were certified; five different pharmacists were added later. Prescribing pharmacists must meet with their supervising physician once every two weeks, and are restricted to the project formulary. A variety of health care settings are represented in the project, with pharmacists prescribing for ambulatory patients with chronic diseases, geriatric patients in extended care facilities, psychiatric patients, and selected inpatients. Project evaluation will continue through 1982 and will focus on safety and quality of care, patient acceptance, and cost of care. PMID- 7274059 TI - Impressions of a pharmaceutical scientist on a visit to the People's Republic of China. PMID- 7274061 TI - Toxicities with intravenous and subcutaneous administration of a petroleum distillate. AB - Although ingestion of petroleum distillates is common, injection of these products has not been widely reported. The effects of subcutaneous administration have not been fully documented. Presented is a 27-year-old male who developed a sterile abscess and pneumonitis following concurrent intravenous and subcutaneous administration of a petroleum distillate. PMID- 7274060 TI - Dilemmas in evaluating health care and clinical programs. AB - This article discusses some of the dilemmas in evaluation research that are commonly encountered in evaluating pharmacy and health care programs. Emphasis is on the difference between decision-oriented evaluation and hypothesis-testing research. Deficiencies, abuses, and pitfalls are discussed along with rationalizations often generated by negative findings. Disclosure of the problems that arise should make the path to quality evaluations less perilous. PMID- 7274062 TI - The case of the clean rug. PMID- 7274063 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis after treatment with propranolol. PMID- 7274064 TI - Comment on cephalosporin-aminoglycoside toxicity. PMID- 7274065 TI - Which oral theophylline preparation in asthma? PMID- 7274067 TI - What should we tell patients about their medicines? PMID- 7274066 TI - Trisequens. PMID- 7274068 TI - Liquid medicines can rot sick children's teeth. PMID- 7274069 TI - When buying can cost less than the prescription charge. PMID- 7274071 TI - Assessing malnutrition - a clarification. PMID- 7274070 TI - Ciclacillin, bacampicillin and pivampicillin - more relatives of ampicillin. PMID- 7274072 TI - [Syndrome of toxic shock]. PMID- 7274073 TI - [Pachydermoperiostosis - a variant of acromegaly?]. PMID- 7274074 TI - [Aminoglutethimide in metastasizing carcinoma of the breast resistant to hormonal and cytostatic treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Aminoglutethimide (Elipten), at a dosage between 250 and 1500 mg/d by mouth, was administered in a clinical phase II study to 17 patients with metastasizing carcinoma of the breast resistant to hormones and cytostatic drugs. Results of this treatment were available for 14 patients. Nine women were given the drug alone, eight in combination with cytostatic drugs. In 11 women the drug significantly decreased pain within 3-14 days. Used alone aminoglutethimide produced objective regression of the metastases in two women, two further instances of regression occurred when the drug was combined with cytostatic agents. Five women developed urticarial rash, while six had somnolence and nausea or lethargy. Aminoglutethimide is suitable for symptomatic treatment of metastasizing treatment-resistant carcinoma of the breast, either alone or in combination with cytostatic drugs. PMID- 7274075 TI - [Treatment and advice in varicose veins]. PMID- 7274076 TI - [Protoporphyrinemia for diagnosis of iron deficiency]. PMID- 7274077 TI - [No additional fee in panel doctor's treatment]. PMID- 7274078 TI - [Infiltration anesthesia in acute gout]. PMID- 7274080 TI - [Endocrine influences on malignant melanoma. Survival time of melanoma patients depending on the number of prior pregnancies and menopause begin]. PMID- 7274079 TI - [Gastro-esophageal reflux]. PMID- 7274081 TI - [Autologous blood transfusion with deep frozen stored blood in cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Cardiac operations were made possible by deep freezing of autologous blood in 187 out of 262 cardiac patients (71%) using only the patients' own blood. In only 75 patients (29%) was additional homologous blood transfusion necessary. It should be possible to lower further the requirements for donor blood by using an even stricter indication for the transfusion of homologous blood and by further improvements in techniques and organization. Autologous blood donation and transfusion of deep frozen conserved own blood were both tolerated very well by patients with cardiac disease. The advantages of deep frozen conservation of autologous blood in cardiac surgery are so convincing that they fully compensate for disadvantages of high cost and work required. PMID- 7274082 TI - [Volumetric analysis of thyroid lobes by real-time ultrasound (author's transl)]. AB - Thyroid volume as measured by real-time ultrasound in cadavers was compared with direct measurements obtained by submersion. Length X width X thickness of the thyroid lobe multiplied by factor pi/6, correspond to a rotation ellipsoid, while the best calculated volume of the lobe is obtained by multiplying with the optimised correction factor f = 0.479. The correctness of this calculation is, by definition, 100%; average error of the method is 16%. The measurements are easy to do and require no additional equipment for planimetry or calculations. Volumetric analysis of the thyroid gland is especially necessary in assessing results of treatment and for measuring dosage in connection with radioiodine therapy. PMID- 7274083 TI - [Dilatation of hepatic sinusoids after use of oral contraceptives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274084 TI - [Sonographic demonstration of adrenal region. Utilization of maximal inspiration and scoliosation of spine in the standing patient]. PMID- 7274085 TI - [Melanoma and pregnancy]. PMID- 7274086 TI - Age-related differences in the in vitro rat hippocampus. Development of inhibition and the effects of hypoxia. AB - The effects of hypoxia were studied in hippocampal slices prepared from animals of 10-120 days of age. Excitatory synaptic responses could be evoked at all ages, while inhibitory responses began to appear 14-17 days postpartum; both types of responses became maximal at approximately 30 days of age. Inhibitory responses were somewhat more susceptible to the deleterious effects of hypoxia than were excitatory ones. Very young animals showed virtually no effects of hypoxia. However, past 30 days of age, all types of synaptic response became progressively more sensitive to the effects of hypoxia. PMID- 7274087 TI - Neurite outgrowth from murine sensory ganglia cultured in a serumless medium. AB - Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia were excised from mouse embryos of 10 and 18 days in utero age, respectively, and grown in tissue culture. A quantitative method was used to assess the extent of neurite outgrowth from the explants after 24 and 48 h in culture. Outgrowth from ganglia grown in a serumless medium was compared with that from ganglia in a medium supplemented with serum. There was no significant difference between the extent of outgrowth in either medium after 24 h in culture; however, after 48 h there was significantly greater outgrowth in the serum-supplemented medium. PMID- 7274088 TI - Biochemical development of the human brain. II. Some parameters of the GABA-ergic system. AB - The development of the gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA)-ergic system in the human cerebral cortex and cerebellum was studied in post mortem specimens, by estimating the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and the binding capacity for muscimol as markers of GABA-ergic nerve terminals and GABA receptors respectively. The age periods studied were as follows (number of specimens in parentheses): fetal period, 17--24 and 28 weeks, gestational age (GA) (15); perinatal period, 26--42 weeks GA (9); postnatal period, 43--56 and 74 weeks GA (11); adult life, 26, 47, 57--73 years (9). Total protein and DNA were estimated in all specimens. Differences between the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum in the ontogenesis of the GABA-ergic system were revealed. In the cerebral cortex, GAD-specific activity increased progressively during development, but at term had only reached approximately 20% of the adult value, and the trend in the postnatal specimens indicated that the adult level is not reached until some time after 60 weeks GA. The concentration of muscimol binding sites, on the other hand, rose more rapidly than GAD activity with age in the cerebral cortex, attaining adult values by 60 weeks GA and being already at term approximately 45% of the mean adult figure. In the cerebellum, the relative development of pre- and postsynaptic markers was the reverse of that in the cerebral cortex: GAD specific activity had reached the adult value by 60 weeks GA and approximately 40% of this adult level was attained at term, while the muscimol binding site concentration was only about 10% of the adult value at term and was still increasing at 60 weeks GA. The affinity of the receptor for [3H]-muscimol did not change during development, and was the same in cerebral cortex and cerebellum. PMID- 7274089 TI - Glycerophospholipids and acyl group changes in rat brain capillary endothelial cell fraction and the liver during development. AB - The glycerophospholipid (GPL) content and the acyl group compositions of the ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipids (EGP, CGP) of the isolated brain capillary cell fractions of the developing rat have been determined. The proportion of EGP/GPL increases during development, whilst CGP/GPL declines: consequently EGP/CGP increases with age. The acyl group compositions of the plasmenylethanolamine (P-GPE) and the diacyl glycerophosphocholine (D-GPC) also change during development, the proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) declining and n-6 groups rising. The rates of accumulation of individual acyl groups of EGP and CGP are highest between the ages of 15 and 20 days; particularly evident is the increase in the medium chain SFAs: 16:0 and 18:0, the monoene 18:1n-9 (oleic acid) and the major-occurring polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid, in these GPLs. These changes are compared with those of the liver where the proportion of EGP/CGP remains constant and the acyl group compositions are relatively unchanged during development. Consequently, the rates of accumulation of individual acyl groups of EGP and CGP in liver remain constant or rise slightly during this age period. These results are compared with existing accounts of the desaturation capabilities of brain and liver with age. PMID- 7274090 TI - Developmental alterations in mast cell numbers and distributions within the thalamus of the albino rat. AB - A total of 216 male and female albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) between 10 and 60 days old from 42 litters were studied to determine mast cell characteristics within the thalamus. Whereas the mean numbers of mast cells within both the parenchyma and leptomeninges (combined) did not change appreciably after 15 days of age, the appearance of mast cells within the parenchyma (and disappearance from the leptomeninges) is clearly age-dependent. Between 15 and 25 days of age, the relative numbers of mast cells within the thalamic parenchyma changed from 20 to 90% of the total mast cells within thalamic space. PMID- 7274091 TI - Developmental changes in brain template active region chromatin. AB - The percentage of brain or liver chromatin in the template-active region was examined in rats of varying ages. Prenatally, there was an increase in the percentage of brain template-active region chromatin which declined near birth. After birth, the percentage of brain template-active region chromatin again increased to 3-6 days of age and then declined to adult levels at about 15 days of age. Liver exhibited a similar gestational change in the percentage of template-active region chromatin, but there was no recovery from the birth decline during postnatal development. These findings are discussed in terms of their contribution to the understanding of age-dependent changes in brain transcription. PMID- 7274092 TI - Biochemical stability of the AChE molecular forms after cytochemical staining: postnatal focalization of the 16S AChE in rat muscle. AB - A biochemical analysis of rat muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is possible after a cytochemical staining at pH7 (Koelle and Friedenwald method). The solubilization properties, the physicochemical characteristics (sedimentation coefficients) of the multiple molecular forms of AChE are similar before and after the cytochemical procedure without fixation and without ammonium sulfide treatment. This is in contrast to the partial inactivation obtained after conventional pH 5 cytochemical staining, which selectively inactivates 16S AChE. We found that pH 7 cytochemical staining in these same conditions afford a satisfying morphological visualization of the motor end-plate AChE. The combined cytochemical-biochemical techniques allow a very precise dissection of motor end plate containing (neural) and free (aneural) regions. In rat muscle (sternomastoid), high levels of 16S AChE are present in the aneural region in the first stages of postnatal development. At the end of the 1st month after birth, the 16S AChE becomes restricted to the neural (motor end-plate) region. PMID- 7274094 TI - Maternal influences on tryptophan hydroxylase activity in embryonic rat brain. AB - Maternal treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine strongly inhibits brain tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activity in the embryo, whereas administration of tryptophan significantly elevates the activity of this enzyme. Maternal stress, glucocorticoid injections, or a corn diet (low in tryptophan) do not change embryonic TPH activity, however. Since TPH is thought to be rate-limiting for serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in the developing animal as well as in the adult altered TPH activity as a result of maternal influences could change 5-HT synthesis in the embryo. If 5-HT is a developmental signal in the early differentiation of specific neurons during embryogenesis, as previously suggested, such maternal influences could affect this process, resulting in altered neuronal genesis in those brain regions receiving a serotonergic innervation. PMID- 7274095 TI - Biogenic monoamines in early embryos of sea urchins. AB - Indolylalkylamine determination was performed on the eggs and embryos of six species of sea urchins, using several fluorometric techniques, including the fluorescence of a substance itself and the fluorescence of its condensation products after treatment with orthophthaldialdehyde and ninhydrin. The serotonin like substance of sea urchin embryos as well as of adults was shown to consist of at least two components, of which the major one is tryptamine or its derivative with a substituting group at aminonitrogen. Further, serotonin was found to be present at all developmental stages investigated. although at much lower concentrations. The results of this study suggest a regulatory role of 'prenervous' tryptamine in the early embryogenesis of the sea urchin. PMID- 7274096 TI - [Differential ECG diagnosis of subendocardial and transmural infarction]. PMID- 7274093 TI - Development and aging of cholinergic synapses. V. Changes in nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding in ciliary ganglia and irises of the chicken. AB - In order to study possible age-dependent changes in the number of cholinergic binding sites, we have examined alpha-bungarotoxin (ABTX) binding in the ciliary ganglion and iris of the chicken from 3 months after hatching (a.h.) to 5 years of age and have compared it to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (AChE) levels. In ciliary ganglia the amount of ABTX binding per ganglion increases 16-fold between 3 and 7 months, after which it returns almost to the 3-month level, at 1.3 years. It then remains virtually unchanged to 5 years. A similar pattern is observed in the amount of binding per protein. ACh levels and AChE activity show a different pattern than ABTX binding. In the iris the amount of ABTX binding remains constant between 3 months and 1.3 years and then it increases 1.6-fold up to 3 years. This period is followed by a decrease to 5 years. The amount of ABTX binding per protein which has increased continuously in the iris from the period following hatching up to 7 months, decreases continuously from 7 months to 5 years. In the iris, both ACh levels and AChE activity per protein follow a pattern which is similar to ABTX binding, decreasing from 3 months to 2 years and then remaining relatvely unvaried between 2 and 6-7 years. Our results suggest that a decrease in receptor number begins during early adulthood in the ganglia, whereas this event occurs at a later stage in the iris. However, the total amount of ABTX binding is still relatively high at late stages. These results support our view that the presynaptic component is more affected by the aging process than the postsynaptic component. PMID- 7274097 TI - [Is overweight simply due to overeating?]. PMID- 7274098 TI - [Blood lead levels in Finnish children]. PMID- 7274100 TI - [Central hypoventilation syndrome in an infant]. PMID- 7274101 TI - [Fatal myocarditis in a young woman]. PMID- 7274102 TI - [Fever and its significance]. PMID- 7274099 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome in menstruating women]. PMID- 7274103 TI - [Mass screening and the incidence of cervical cancer in the Scandinavian countries]. PMID- 7274105 TI - [Vipoma of the pancreas]. PMID- 7274104 TI - [Acute maprotiline poisoning]. PMID- 7274106 TI - [Foreign body in the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 7274107 TI - [Treatment of hypercalcemia]. PMID- 7274109 TI - [Anemia and blood transfusion]. PMID- 7274108 TI - [Diagnostic guidelines in anemia]. PMID- 7274110 TI - [Significance of serum ferritin determinations]. PMID- 7274112 TI - [Erythrocyte structure and differentiation]. PMID- 7274113 TI - [Megaloblastic anemia]. PMID- 7274114 TI - [Hereditary hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 7274111 TI - [Synthesis, structure and catabolism of hemoglobin]. PMID- 7274116 TI - [Secondary anemias]. PMID- 7274117 TI - [Aplastic anemia]. PMID- 7274115 TI - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 7274118 TI - [Anemia in pregnancy]. PMID- 7274121 TI - [Erythrocytosis]. PMID- 7274120 TI - [Nutritional anemias in children]. PMID- 7274119 TI - [Anemia of the newborn]. PMID- 7274122 TI - [The blood in physical training]. PMID- 7274123 TI - [Hereditary of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7274124 TI - [Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy]. PMID- 7274126 TI - [Chlamydia as a cause of bacterial urethritis]. PMID- 7274125 TI - [Neurosyphilis]. PMID- 7274127 TI - [Hyper-IGE syndrome]. PMID- 7274128 TI - [Painful ophthalmoplegia - Tolosa-Hunt syndrome]. PMID- 7274130 TI - [Allergy and associated concepts]. PMID- 7274129 TI - [Treatment of senile confusions]. PMID- 7274132 TI - [Basic mechanisms of atopic reactions]. PMID- 7274131 TI - [Allergic diseases today]. PMID- 7274133 TI - [Inheritance of atopy]. PMID- 7274134 TI - [Epidemiology of atopy]. PMID- 7274135 TI - [Diagnosis of atopic disease]. PMID- 7274136 TI - [Is asthma an allergic disease?]. PMID- 7274137 TI - [Allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 7274138 TI - [Atopic eczema]. PMID- 7274139 TI - [The allergic environment and hyposensitization]. PMID- 7274140 TI - [Aerobiology, climate and allergy]. PMID- 7274141 TI - [Prevention of atopy]. PMID- 7274142 TI - [Allergic alveolitis]. PMID- 7274143 TI - [Allergological aspects of occupational hygiene and vocational guidance]. PMID- 7274145 TI - [Training of community health aides by means of a self-instruction "package"]. AB - This paper describes the results of a teaching experiment carried out in the state of Queretaro, Mexico, in which a self-teaching "package" was used to train community workers in basic concepts of health education. This teaching method was used as a practical educational device that offered training which, while rapid, was based on principles of educational technology. It was shown that the system was useful for the acquisition of information applicable to primary health care activities and could also find application in other areas of public health. PMID- 7274144 TI - [The general practitioner and community medical services]. AB - The writer defines the role of the general practitioner in the setting of the health system of Panama and in relation to the individual, the family and the community, in the framework of the policy of extending the coverage of health services to the entire population. He stresses that modern medicine has to focus on the whole person, and he concludes therefrom that the physician must be prepared to provide comprehensive care. He emphasizes that, to overcome the limitations that now weigh upon medical education, in the internship stage the training of the general practitioner must begin at the level of a specialty and be completed later with two or three years of theoretical and practical instruction. This requires strengthened instruction in comprehensive outpatient care, extensive contact with rural and urban communities, and that teaching programs be set in the framework of the health services and facilities. He also feels that the general physician already practicing should be offered the opportunity of qualifying under an in-service education program as a specialist in comprehensive, general or family medicine, with a certification system that includes the approval of academic studies and the performance of research work. PMID- 7274146 TI - [Internship in Public Health at the Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu]. AB - An experiment in the teaching of public health for interns in the sixth year of medical training was launched in 1978 on the basis of the clinical practice of health services in Botucatu and neighboring municipalities. The course was designed to promote the practice of primary medical care, contacts with the different health professionals, analysis of the relations between health and the social structure, and an understanding of the organization of medical care in Brazil through discussions of day-to-day activities in health services, and of the role of medicine and medical care in the present capitalistic production structure of Brazil. The paper reports on the teaching experiment in 1978 and 1979, when the supervised training was taken by 85 and 95 interns, respectively, in groups of seven or eight for periods of 18 working days at the Botucatu Health Center-School (CSE) and the Anhembi and Itatinga Health Services. A comparison of the answers to tests given before and after the training and the opinions recorded by the students on the activities carried on show an improvement in their perceptions of team-work and of health education in the role of medicine and medical care in society. Most of the students expressed open approval of the training as a whole. PMID- 7274147 TI - [Need for effective collaboration between medical education and the health services]. AB - The article reviews the health manpower training problems involved in the commitment of all countries to extend the coverage of their health services to the entire population by the year 2000. The author points out that the number of physicians in Latin America will double in seven or eight years, and doubts that they can all be absorbed by the labor market unless they are given a well-defined part to play in primary health care, which is the key to that goal. Necessary changes in medical practice--among them regionalization of the services--should, he feels, be accompanied by appropriate changes in the medical education process. Since the physician practicing at the primary care level stands at the point of entry to the regionalized health system, his training should be slanted toward dealing with the prevalent pathology, and particularly toward the care of the groups at highest risk: mothers and children. In addition, he will have to be ready to take the lead on a team consisting of the auxiliary staff and the members of the community itself. He admits that the breadth of the range of subjects studied in medical training today may have to be traded off for more intensive concentration on the basic fields of internal medicine, general surgery, obstetrics and pediatrics. Other essential changes include closer coordination between the medical school and the health services not only in the framing of policies and programs, but also in routine work; the provision of incentives to improve the geographic distribution of health personnel, and determining the contribution required of each discipline at the different training levels and in operating the services. PMID- 7274149 TI - [Report of the Pan-American Health Organization Committee on the Textbook Program for the teaching of veterinary medicine]. PMID- 7274148 TI - [Training in supervision: an attempt at a theoretical guide]. AB - The author says that, in the health field, training in supervision should be based on research. This approach would make it possible to draw up a scheme for supervision with a scientific basis as a guide to the training of the required personnel. He points out that the negative image of the supervisor as one who conspires against individual creativity and cowers the subordinate, has to be overcome. Supervision must be accompanied by counseling, and give the subordinate an opportunity to contribute to the solutions of problems. The basic principles of the proposed supervision for education are, summarily, safeguarding the integrity of the worker, support to his talent, participation of the subordinate in his own evaluation, and the avoidance of threats, insecurity and punishment as a consequence of supervision. Finally, he proposes that all supervision must have a continuing education program as a response. PMID- 7274150 TI - [Report of the Pan-American Health Organization Committee on the Textbook Program for the teaching of psychiatry and mental hygiene]. PMID- 7274151 TI - [Clinical picture and differential diagnosis of esophageal reflux and hiatal hernia complex]. AB - In the years from 1948 to 1977, 359 patients with simple or complicated reflux disease of the oesophagus (RDOe) and/or the hiatushernia complex were operated on at the 1st Clinic of Surgery of the Medical Faculty, Palacky University in Olomouc. The authors found the following frequency of occurrence of the fundamental symptoms: (1) In simple RDOe, pyrosis in 82%, pain in 82% (epigastrium 42%, thorax 30%, throat 7%), a postural impairment in 50%, regurgitation in 30%, vomiting in 15%, ructus and dysphagia in 11%. The median time of the anamnesis was 5.6 years. --(2) In the complicated RDOe, the most frequent symptoms were dysphagia in 78%, pyrosis in 62%, pain in 39%, loss of weight in 33%, and regurgitation in 28%. The median time of the anamnesis was 2.5 years. Only in 20% of the patients, a longer anamnesis of the subjective complaints was recorded. --(3) In cases of paraoesophageal hernias, the fundamental symptom was pain--in the epigastrium in 62% and retrosternally in 38%. There followed vomiting in 38%. Quite asymptomatical was the course of the disease in 12% of the patients. The median time of the anamnesis was 2 years. - (4) In the mixed form of hiatus hernias, the gastro-eosophageal reflux was preoperatively present in 46%; this was consistent with the symptomatology. Coincidence of the RDOe with cholelithiasis was found in 20% and in combination with a duodenal ulcus in 11% of the cases. These two forms of the disease are now mostly treated with the antireflux operation. In cases of an ulcus duodeni, superselective vagotomy and fundoplicatio according to Nissen-Rossetti are the methods of choice. --In 5% of the patients, the development of the reflux symptomatology had been preceded by a stomach resection. In 4 patients with reflux stenosis, the interval between the operation and the stenosis was very short (1 to 12 weeks). PMID- 7274152 TI - [Surgical intervention in cases of gastro-duodenal ulcer bleeding (author's transl)]. AB - Results in the treatment of the bleeding gastro-duodenal ulcer during a period of 21 years are analysed. The results refer to an early surgery intervention. A bleeding-stop must be tried, particularly in the elderly patient. If possible a causal therapy should be performed. PMID- 7274153 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic radiomanometry of the bile ducts (PTC-manometry) (author's transl)]. AB - Method and first results of the PTC-manometry are shown in 32 cases. Low residual pressures in bilio-digestive anastomosis and high results both in incomplete bile obstruction and in anicteric patients with incomplete stenosis of the common bile duct and with papillary stenosis suggest a clinical importance. In connection with clinical symptoms and x-ray results it is possible to give informations already preoperatively which we could got only by intraoperative radiomanometry till now. There was no correlation between the maximum size of the common bile duct and the residual pressure. PMID- 7274154 TI - [A discrepancy between endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) and secretin pancreozymin test (SPT). Attempt of an evaluation (author's transl)]. AB - A discrepancy between the ERP and SPT was found in 16 patients (15,4%) out of 104 examinations. The results of these examinations were compared with the clinical diagnosis. A cause of false positive results of ERP could be operations on pancreas, of SPT the advancing years of the patients. Neither ERP nor SPT has a better diagnostic significance in chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7274156 TI - [Intestinal obstruction by ileocolica intussusception associated with coecal lipoma (author's transl)]. AB - During a laparotomy because of an intestinal obstruction in ileocolica intussusception associated with coecal lipoma was diagnosed and the right hemicolectomy was necessary. PMID- 7274155 TI - [New results about the role of lipase, colipase and bile acids in the fat digestion (author's transl)]. AB - Pancreatic lipase B and a minor specific lipase A are involved in the digestion of fats. The lipolysis is a heterogeneous catalysis. Lipases, colipase(s), bile acids, bile lipids and calcium ions play a role in the lipolysis. Colipase(s) makes it possible for lipase to adsorb to the substrate in presence of bile acids activating the adsorption of lipase and protecting the lipase at the interfaces. PMID- 7274157 TI - [Anastomosis between the median nerve and the cubital nerve in electromyography procedures in man]. PMID- 7274158 TI - Effect or partial hepatectomy on secretion and metabolism of corticosterone in the rat. AB - Investigations on the interrelationship between the rate of hepatic corticosterone metabolism intraadrenal 5 alpha-steroid reductase activity were performed in the rat. As an experimental model partially hepatectomized animals were employed. Male rats were studied 24 hrs, 3 and 8 days post surgery and female 5 and 8 days after partial hepatectomy. In male and female rats, partial hepatectomy caused an increase in adrenal 5 alpha-steroid reductase activity, however, this effect was observed only in rats studied 8 days post surgery, These results suggest the participation of the liver in the regulation of hypothalamo pituitary-adrenocortical axis and show that intraadrenal 5 alpha-steroid reductase may be involved in this regulatory system. PMID- 7274159 TI - Sex dimorphism in the thyroid gland. III. Morphometric studies on the rat thyroid gland in the course of postnatal ontogenesis. AB - At weekly intervals between 21 and 84 days of postnatal ontogenesis, on the thyroid glands of male and female rats morphometric studies were performed. The rate of body growth was similar in male and female rats between 21 and 42 days. Thereafter male rats are heavier than females. There were no differences in composition of particular histologic components studied in the thyroids of male and female rats between 21 and 35 days. From day 42 the volume fraction of colloid is lower in the male than female gland. Also from day 49 of postnatal ontogenesis the follicular cells are taller in male than in female thyroid gland. After reaching puberty in the female thyroid gland a gradual lowering of the volume fraction of epithelium and an increase in volume fraction of colloid are observed. Due to these changes epithelium/colloid ratio in female rats markedly declines between 42 and 84 days of postnatal ontogenesis while in the male rats this ratio is higher and does not show such a distinct decline. PMID- 7274160 TI - Prenatal brain development: effect of maternal growth hormone administration. Study in albino rats. AB - Growth hormone (GH) was administered to pregnant rats maintained on a standard diet, and fetal brain growth and placenta weight were examined. The results show that maternal GH administration resulted in an increase of placental weight and fetal brain cell number. A significant positive correlations of placental weight with elevated brain weight of fetus suggests that the maternal growth hormone treatment might influence fetal brain development and it may be mediated by the placenta. PMID- 7274161 TI - The effects of actinomycin D on spermatogenesis in the toad. PMID- 7274162 TI - Domperidone stimulated prolactin secretion in normal male and female volunteers. PMID- 7274163 TI - Effects of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors on the anterior pituitary cell proliferation. AB - The effects of indomethacin and aspirin on the mitotic incidence in the anterior pituitary in male rats was investigated. It was shown that either of the inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis used in the study suppressed the anterior pituitary mitotic activity, although the effect of indomethacin was more pronounced. A suppression of the mitotic activity involved the acidophilic and the chromophobe cells, whereas the number of basophils in mitosis was not diminished. These findings suggest an involvement of prostaglandins in the control of the anterior pituitary cell proliferation. PMID- 7274164 TI - Influence of theophylline on the circulatory actions of thyroid hormones. PMID- 7274167 TI - Magnified observation of elevated lesions of the stomach based on magnifying fiberoptic endoscopy and dissecting microscopy. AB - On the basis of considerable experiences, we have correlated findings under the dissecting microscopy (1, 3, 6, 7) with findings obtained with the magnifying fiberoptic endoscope (2, 5), and have established a system of classification (2, 4) to help the endoscopist determine the nature of elevated lesions of the stomach without a biopsy. PMID- 7274166 TI - Intraepithelial carcinoma of the oesophagus: endoscopic morphology. AB - The endoscopic detection of 18 "early" hypopharyngo-oesophageal carcinomas, has allowed us to perform a detailed study of the morphological correlation between endoscopy and histology (in 10 cases). We have thus defined 4 different endoscopic types of intraepithelial carcinomas; their morphology, mapping and evolution are greatly variable. In high risk groups (heavy smoking and alcohol consumption, ENt-cancer) the multicentricity of intraepithelial carcinomas (80%) entails a thorough endoscopic screening of the upper digestive tract (mouth, pharynx, oesophagus) and of the lower respiratory tract (larynx, trachea and bronchi). PMID- 7274165 TI - Serum thyroid hormones in two Yugoslav districts with different iodine intake. AB - Serum thyroid hormones were measured in two areas of Yugoslavia, one with relatively low iodine intake, Zagreb (urinary iodide 111 +/- 36 microgram/g creatinine), and the island of Brac with higher iodine intake (247 +/- 76 microgram/g creatinine). The serum concentration of T4 and T3 in two groups were not different. These data confirm previous findings that iodine intake within accepted normal range, is not a factor in determining serum thyroid hormone levels. PMID- 7274168 TI - Complications of endoscopic sphinecterotomy and their treatment. AB - Despite the careful observance of standard precautions during endoscopic sphincterotomy, serious complications are sometimes unavoidable and these may require various forms of treatment. Surgical intervention is necessary for fulminating pancreatitis, acute arterial hemorrhage, and retroperitoneal abscess. The endoscopic insertion of a drainage tube into the common bile duct can serve to overcome biliary obstruction due to cholangitis secondary to stone impaction, Dormia basket impaction or blood clot. The obstruction can be removed electively either endoscopically or surgically in a symptom-free interval. Uncomplicated perforation can be treated by parenteral feeding and naso-gastric suction. Acute pancreatitis may require further intensive care procedures such as peritoneal or hemodialysis and early intermittent positive pressure respiration. By using these means the mortality rate due to ES is reduced to 0.5%. PMID- 7274169 TI - Endoscopic incision of choledochal cysts (choledochocele). AB - Congenital cysts of the ble ducts and liver usually present with symptoms of compression, obstruction or infection. The management of these problems has been the surgical approach with extirpation or diversion techniques. Cysts of the common hepatic or bile ducts should be completely excised if possible while intrahepatic cysts are treated by anastomosis of the ducts to isolated intestinal loops. Diversion techniques for distal intraduodenal cysts leads to development of the sump syndrome, and, it has been our experience in two patients to treat these, choledochocele, by incision during performance of a sphincterotomy. PMID- 7274170 TI - Results of screening for colorectal cancer. AB - Screening for colorectal cancer and its precursors was performed from '68 to '78 within the framework of a multiphasic cancer detection program on 35,700 "healthy" individuals of both sexes in the "high-risk" age groups. Fecal occult blood as determined by the benzidine test after diet was positive in 3,676 individuals (10.3%). Out of this group, 2,599 subjects were submitted to g.i. consultation and proctosigmoidoscopy, as well as 567 of the occult blood negative group selected on the basis of various clinical signs and symptoms. The lesions detected were 153 neoplastic polyps and 21 cancers, mostly in the Dukes A and B stages. Among the most significant results are the high compliance (70%) to proctosigmoidoscopy, the low sensibility (51%) and specificity (18%) of the benzidine test for occult blood, which makes it obsolete as a screening procedure, the increased (50%) diagnostic yield obtained by flexible sigmoidoscopy and the relevance of clinical signs and symptoms as selection parameters for further diagnostic work up. PMID- 7274171 TI - A new optical system in tympanic membrane and middle ear endoscopy. AB - In cooperation with the firm of Richard Wolf, a new ear telescope has been developed which facilitates the diagnosis and documentation of tympanic membrane lesions. This 6.8 mm telescope of the Lumina type is prevented from misting up by a stream of air directed across the distal viewing window. This 6.8 mm Lumina telescope also formed the basis for a completely newly developed optical system for middle ear endoscopy. This combined optical system comprising a mother and baby scope has been undergoing trials for the past 18 months. The baby scope can be passed through the mother scope, thus permitting inspection of the tympanic cavity, under direct vision and unaffected by involuntary movements of the patients. The particular configuration of this system makes it easy for the endoscopist to apply his eye first to one and then to the other telescope. The 6.8 mm mother scope and the 2.7 mm baby scope can both be connected to a camera which provides high-quality pictures the dimension of which are only a little smaller than those of a slide. PMID- 7274172 TI - A new method for the endoscopic determination of gastrointestinal ulcer area. AB - Current endoscopic measurements of gastrointestinal ulcer area using forceps or graduated probes are associated with a high degree of inaccuracy. Based on a computer-assisted, semiautomatic device for stereological analyses, we have developed a new method for the endoscopic determination of ulcer size. The basic elements are a graphical measuring tablet coupled with a computer, the later being connected to TV-monitor. The endoscopic picture is transmitted to the TV monitor and the ulcerated area is measured directly on the TV-monitor by means of an electronic overlay marker. The trace of the marker remains visible on the screen so that any circumscribed lesion can be labelled exactly. From the relation of a known, endoscopically introduced reference area to the circumscribed ulcerated area, the latter is calculated by the computer. Multiple measurements obtained at different distances, and visual angles, and with different reference areas, revealed an error of 4.2 +/- 0.5%. Inter-observer variation among 6 different examiners was 2.9 +/- 1.2%. These results document the reliability of endoscopic planimetry of gastrointestinal ulcers. PMID- 7274173 TI - Transpapillary positioning of a large 3.2 mm biliary endoprosthesis. AB - An endoscopic method for positioning a large-caliber (3.2 mm) biliary endoprosthesis is described. In 3 patients with malignant jaundice the endoprosthesis provided definitive relief of jaundice until death 4 1/2, 15 and 17 weeks respectively after the introduction of the prosthesis. PMID- 7274174 TI - Sonolucent biliary cast preventing endoscopic sphincterotomy. PMID- 7274175 TI - Pancreatic pseudocyst and pancreatico-duodenal fistula diagnosed by endoscopic fistulography. AB - To our knowledge, primary endoscopic diagnosis of pancreaticoduodenal fistulae has not so far been reported. The diagnosis is often made radiographically at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We report one such case, in which a barium meal x-ray suggested duodenal ulceration, and the endoscopic findings suggested a duodenal diverticulum, the bottom of which could not be clearly defined. Instillation of contrast medium revealed the true fistulous nature of the diverticulum-like defect in the duodenal wall. This patient also had a pancreatic pseudocyst communicating with the fistula through the caudal part of the pancreatic duct, visualized during endoscopic fistulography. The patient did well on conservative treatment without surgical intervention. PMID- 7274176 TI - Particle clearance from the respiratory tract as a test of toxicity: effect of ozone on short and long term clearance. AB - The ability of the lung to mechanically remove inhaled deposited particles is an important mammalian defense mechanism that can be evaluated in the laboratory. Experiments that measure clearance kinetics have been performed by various investigators using human as well as large and small laboratory animals as subjects. Several agents have been shown to significantly alter clearance phenomena in the lung. This paper describes quantitative clearance experiments that used radioactive tracer particles to assess lung damages after exposure of rats to ozone, a photochemical air-pollutant gas. Radioactively labeled tracer microspheres were inhaled by groups of 30 rats prior to exposure to ozone. Ozone levels studied were 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0 ppm and all exposures were 4 hr in length. These exposures caused a delay in the early (0-50 hr postdeposition) clearance and an acceleration in the late (50-300 hr postdeposition) clearance rate of the tracer particles. Dose response curves show that clearance was affected more by the higher concentrations of ozone. PMID- 7274177 TI - Intercomparison of regional deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract and their long-term elimination. AB - Human chest clearance of Teflon particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 4.7 micrometers tagged with 198Au or 111In was studied with two apparatuses and two gamma-ray spectrometers for the external detection of the activity deposited in the respiratory tract. Approximately the same chest retention function was measured with two gamma-ray spectrometers when the subjects inhaled equal aerosols under equal breathing conditions. The long-term clearance rate following the short-term elimination of particles from ciliated airways was slower for Teflon particles (mean half-time 105 days for 111In-labeled particles and 128 days for 198Au-labeled particles) than for iron oxide particles of the same size (mean half-time about 60 days). It is suggested that insoluble particles of this size studied are cleared with a half-time of about 120 days within the first 2 weeks after completion of mucociliary clearance. Regional deposition did not differ between the iron oxide and Teflon particles. PMID- 7274178 TI - Effect of chlorphentermine on the pulmonary disposition of norepinephrine in the isolated perfused rabbit lung. AB - Chlorphentermine (CP) has been noted to cause primary pulmonary hypertension both clinically and experimentally. It was postulated that CP might affect the pulmonary clearance of endogenous vasoactive substances such as norepinephrine (NE). The uptake and metabolism of 14C-NE were followed in artificially ventilated isolated perfused rabbit lung preparations using a constituted perfusate with initial NE concentration of 5 micrograms/100 ml. Perfusate samples were analyzed for total radioactivity, metabolites, and parent compound. Preloading the lungs with 0.25 mM CP significantly increased the concentrations of total radioactivity, deaminated products, and decreased the concentration of normetanephrine in the perfusate. In addition, the accumulation of total radioactivity in the lung tissue after 60 min of perfusion was significantly decreased in CP-treated lungs. The proportion of deaminated metabolites in the lung tissue was slightly decreased while the percent of normetanephrine, and parent compound were significantly increased by the CP treatment. CP (0.1 mM) also inhibited the in vitro metabolism of NE by 79%. These results provide experimental evidence in support of a hindered pulmonary clearance of circulating NE by CP. PMID- 7274179 TI - Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the fungicides captan and folpet in cultured mammalian cells CHO/HGPRT system). AB - The cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the fungicides captan and folpet were determined in the CHO/HGPRT system which utilizes Chinese hamster ovary cells and resistance to 6-thioguanine to estimate mutation induction at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus. Treatment of cultures with each compound for 5 hr is serum-free medium resulted in reproducible, significant, concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants. PMID- 7274180 TI - Mutagenicity of coal fly ash: a new bioassay for mutagenic potential in a particle feeding ciliate. AB - The use of the established mutagenesis assay in Paramecium as a prescreen for hazardous environmental particles is described. Since these protozoans ingest particles of the size respired by animals and man, the biological effects of the respirable fraction of fly ash particles were monitored in particle-feeding eukaryotic cells. Fly ash from coal combustion was utilized for these studies and was found to be mutagenic. The effects of physical and chemical treatment of the particle mutagenicity provided evidence for both heat-stable, heat-labile and acid extractable mutagenic agents. PMID- 7274183 TI - Effect of metals on mutagenesis and DNA repair. AB - Unlike the situation with organic compounds, metals do not show a high correlation between carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. An agent may be mutagenic by causing misreplication of DNA due to alterations of the DNA template, decreased fidelity of DNA polymerase, or inhibition of the proofreading of DNA replication. In addition, bacteria have an inducible, error-prone DNA repair system (SOS repair) whose activity results in mutagenesis. In the best studied example of metal mutagenesis, chromate, there is little evidence for the involvement of the SOS system. Metals may act as comutagens by inhibiting the repair of damage to DNA caused by another agent. This has been demonstrated for arsenite. Comutagens would not be detected by standard screening methods. PMID- 7274181 TI - Role of metals in carcinogenesis. Problems of epidemiological evidence. PMID- 7274182 TI - Recent research on nickel carcinogenesis. AB - Research on nickel carcinogenesis from 1975 to March 1980 is reviewed. Epidemiological studies have strengthened the evidence that workers in nickel refineries have increased risks of cancers of the nasal cavities and lungs. Clinical investigations have resulted in improved diagnosis, classification, and management of cancers of respiratory organs in nickel refinery workers. Carcinogenicity tests have demonstrated the carcinogenicity of nickel subsulfide (alpha-Ni3S2) in rodents following administration by a variety of parenteral routes. Radiotracer studies and x-ray diffractometry have clarified the metabolism of alpha-Ni3S2 in rodents. In vitro exposures of mammalian cells to certain nickel compounds have been shown to inhibit cellular uptake of thymidine 3H, and to induce chromosomal aberrations, somatic mutations, and morphological transformation. Mutagenicity tests of nickel compounds in bacterial systems have consistently been negative. Ni(II) has beeb reported to impair the fidelity of viral and bacterial DNA polymerases for in vitro replication of synthetic nucleotide templates. PMID- 7274184 TI - Metal-induced infidelity of DNA synthesis. AB - In this paper, we consider the effects of metal ions on the accuracy of catalysis by DNA polymerases. Certain activating and nonactivating metal ions have been shown to diminish the fidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro with a variety of DNA polymerases. There is a significant correlation between the metals that decrease fidelity and those that have been reported to be mutagenic and carcinogenic. Thus, metal carcinogens are no exception to the general postulate that carcinogens can be identified by their interactions with DNA. PMID- 7274188 TI - Workshop/conference on the role of metals in carcinogenesis. Introduction, general findings and general recommendations. PMID- 7274185 TI - Role of metals in carcinogenesis. Experimental studies in whole animal bioassay. PMID- 7274186 TI - Use of Lilium longiflorum, cv. ace pollen germination and tube elongation as a bioassay for the hepatocarcinogens, aflatoxins. AB - Although various animal tissues are used for bioassay of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2), a rapid bioassay dependent upon a plant part's response does not exist. Both pollen germination (G) and tube elongation (TE) were enhanced in a 3.0 mM KH2PO4 (K)-containing but AFB1-lacking, modified Dickinson's medium. The B1 did not affect G when K was withheld but K supplementation impaired G above 15 micrograms/ml B1. Without K, 5-20 stimulated but 25 and 30 micrograms/ml B1 inhibited TE which was suppressed by every B1 conc tested in K-containing medium. Addition of NaH2PO4(N) instead of K to medium did not promote G. Slight G stimulation occurred at 16.6 micrograms/ml mixed aflatoxins (MA) in medium lacking either K or N but low G inhibitions were observed with K or N. The MA at 33.3 micrograms/ml reduced G 2.5% in K's of N's absence and 26 or 17% in their presence. While K did not stimulate TE without MA, N did 26%. At 16.6 and 33.3 micrograms/ml MA, TE was reduced 19, 6, 19% and 24, 25, 31%, respectively, in control, K- and N- media. Pollen G and TE were markedly sensitive to G1. Significant inhibitions of Zea mays seed G were observed at 5.8 and 11.6 micrograms/ml B1 but not root elongation (RE) from 0.4-11.6 micrograms/ml. The MA (31.5 micrograms/ml) administered for 72-240 hr did not influence either Arachis hypogeae seed G or RE. However, imbibing 5 cultivars each of Avena sativa (65-117 hr) and Hordeum vulgare (39-89 hr) inhibited RE 4/15-62%. Thus, except for Z. mays, pollen G and TE appear to be more B1-sensitive than seed G and RE. But, the pollen bioassay is less sensitive than both certain animal bioassays (0.025 micrograms/ml) and analytical methodologies (10 pg.). PMID- 7274187 TI - In Vitro models and methods for bioassay and studies of cellular mechanisms. PMID- 7274189 TI - Bioassay of metals for carcinogenesis: whole animals. AB - Metals have been evaluated as potential carcinogens by administering pure elements or compounds by a large variety of routes. These include mixing the agent in the food, dissolving the test compound in the drinking water, or administering the material by gavage. The respiratory tract routes tested include inhalation, intratracheal instillation, the direct injection of particulates into the pleural cavity, or the implantation of hooks by surgical intervention. The parenteral routes used were intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous implantation, as well as intrafemoral and intramuscular injection. This latter route is the most commonly used. There are major objections to the subcutaneous implantations route, and data generated from these experiments are difficult to interpret for the foreign body reaction may give rise also to fibrosarcomas. This then is a nonspecific reaction. Exotic routes tested include intrarenal, intratesticular, and intracranial injections. The endpoints of the carcinogenic reactions are, in the main, sarcomas of certain types with fibrosarcomas predominating. Rhabdomyosarcomas are the next most frequent cancer found, and squamous cell carcinoma may account for less than 2% of the cancers reported. Much more research is necessary to clarify the nature of metal carcinogenesis. Dose-response information is almost nonexistent; the divided dose problem has not been studied adequately, and very little information is available on interspecies reactions. More work is needed to help interpret the mechanism of action. PMID- 7274190 TI - Protective effects of certain environmental factors on the toxicity of zinc, mercury, and methylmercury to Chlorella vulgaris. PMID- 7274191 TI - Effect of rat's diet on 85Sr, 115mCd, and 203Hg absorption in suckling rats. PMID- 7274192 TI - Biotransformation of trivalent and pentavalent inorganic arsenic in mice and rats. PMID- 7274193 TI - Alterations of nitrite and nitrate concentrations in the blood of mice exposed to nitrogen dioxide. PMID- 7274194 TI - Heavy-metal contamination of the Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) cultured in Deep Bay, Hong Kong. PMID- 7274195 TI - Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) in a general population, workers exposed to low-level lead, and organic-solvent workers. PMID- 7274196 TI - Acute upper respiratory symptoms resulting from exposure to zinc chloride aerosol. PMID- 7274197 TI - Effects of SO2 plus NaCl aerosol combined with moderate exercise on pulmonary function in asthmatic adolescents. PMID- 7274198 TI - Analyses of tissue, blood, and urine samples from a baboon gavaged with chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos. PMID- 7274199 TI - On the toxic effects of tetraethyl lead and its derivatives on the chrysophyte Poterioochromonas malhamensis. II. Triethyl lead, diethyl lead, and inorganic lead. PMID- 7274200 TI - Prevention of reaginic antibody production and anaphylactic gastric ulcer by pesticides and by a polychlorinated biphenyl. PMID- 7274201 TI - Effects of long-term nickel dust exposure on rabbit alveolar epithelium. PMID- 7274202 TI - Human respiratory responses to an aerosol containing zinc ammonium sulfate. PMID- 7274203 TI - Biological response of children to low levels of inorganic lead. PMID- 7274204 TI - The Arnhem Lead Study. I. Lead uptake by 1- to 3-year-old children living in the vicinity of a secondary lead smelter in Arnhem, The Netherlands. PMID- 7274205 TI - The Arnhem Lead Study. II. Indoor pollution, and indoor/outdoor relationships. PMID- 7274209 TI - Commissurotomy and multiple minds. PMID- 7274210 TI - Sidedness of e- donation and stoichiometry of H+ pumps at sites II + III in mitochondria from rat liver. PMID- 7274211 TI - Structures of fifteen oligosaccharides isolated from new-born meconium. AB - New born meconium contains at least a hundred oligosaccharides. In this study the isolation and characterization of the major constituents is described. The structure elucidation of 15 neutral and acidic oligosaccharides was carried out by methylation analysis, mass spectrometry and 360-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The results show that the oligosaccharides accumulating in human meconium are probably products of the catabolism of the O- and N-linked carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins. It is proposed that endo-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminidase, endo beta-D-galactosidase and endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase are involved in the production of these compounds. PMID- 7274212 TI - Steric course of the NIH shift in the enzymic formation of homogentisic acid. PMID- 7274213 TI - Site of prenylation reaction in synthesis of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) by spinach chloroplasts. PMID- 7274214 TI - The pattern of protein synthesis induced by heat shock of HeLa cells. AB - While incubation of HeLa cells for 5--10 min at 45 degrees C does not affect subsequent cellular growth and DNA synthesis at 37 degrees C, there is an increased synthesis of specific proteins in the molecular weight region of 100 000, 72 000--74 000 and 37 000. The synthesis of these proteins reaches a maximum 2 h after the heat shock and while the protein themselves are stable, their synthesis declines to normal levels 4 h afterwards. The increased synthesis is blocked by actinomycin D but the addition of cycloheximide or NaF during the "induction' period is without effect. PMID- 7274215 TI - Crystallization and properties of carboxypeptidase A gamma from porcine pancreas. AB - Carboxypeptidase A gamma from porcine pancreas was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, autolysis, batch absorption and elution from DEAF Sephadex, and crystallization. The overall purification was about 32-fold with a yield of 31% and the specific activity of the purified protein was 108 units/mg protein. The apparent relative molecular mass determined by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column was 38 900. The amino-terminal sequence of the porcine carboxypeptidase A gamma was Asn-Tyr-Ala-Thr-Tyr-His-Thr-Leu-Glu-Glu-Ile-Tyr-Asp Phe-Met-Asp-Ile-Leu-Val-Ala -Glu-His-Pro-Gln-Leu- which was highly homologous to that of bovine carboxypeptidase A gamma. The purified enzyme was characterized with respect to isoelectric point (4.3). Km for N alpha-carbobenzoxyglycyl-L phenylalanine (Cbz-Gly-LPhe) (20 mM), amino acid composition, pH optimum, pH stability, stability at different temperatures and effect of drying. The enzyme contained 1.01 mol zinc/mol and was inhibited by chelating agents such as EDTA and o-phenanthroline. Among substrates such as Cbz-Gly-LPhe, N alpha benzoylglycyl-L-arginine, various kinds of amino acid esters, casein and elastin, porcine carboxypeptidase A gamma showed an enzymatic activity only towards Cbz Gly-LPhe and casein. These data are in good agreement with the substrate specificity of bovine carboxypeptidase A. PMID- 7274216 TI - Effect of funiculosin and antimycin A on the redox-driven H+-pumps in mitochondria: on the nature of "leaks'. AB - The effect of antimycin A and funiculosin, two inhibitors which block electron transfer in the b-c1 complex, on electron flow and electrochemical potential difference of H+ ions in mitochondria at static head (state 4) is investigated. In addition, the respiratory control ratio is determined as the ratio between uncoupler stimulated and static-head electron flow. Malonate, a competitive inhibitor or succinic dehydrogenase, is used for comparison. All three inhibitors cause an extensive depression of static-head electron flow but only a limited decrease in the electrochemical potential difference of H+ ions. With the antimycin-type of inhibitors, the respiratory control ratio slightly increases up to about 50% inhibition of electron flow and then steeply declines. With malonate, a strong decrease of the respiratory control ratio is observed in a concentration range where the electron flow is inhibited less than 10%. It is shown than the data do not comply with the generally accepted hypothesis of a leak conductance being regulated by the electrochemical potential difference of H+ ions. They can be interpreted in terms of not tightly coupled redox-driven H+ pumps. A non-vanishing electron flow at static head then arises predominantly from molecular slipping in the pumps, and the (constant) leak conductance yields only a minor contribution. PMID- 7274218 TI - Transcription of the cloned genes for ribosomal 5-S RNA in a system reconstituted in vitro from HeLa cells. PMID- 7274217 TI - Effects of thiol-protecting reagents on the size of solubilized adenylate cyclase and on its ability to be stimulated by guanyl nucleotides and fluoride. PMID- 7274219 TI - Amino-acid sequence of the 20 000-molecular-weight light chain of chicken gizzard muscle myosin. AB - The light chain fraction was separated from chicken gizzard muscle myosin. After S-carboxymethylation or performic acid oxidation, two light chain components (20 000-Mr and 17 000-Mr chains) were isolated by chromatography on a column of DEAF cellulose in the presence of 4 M urea. Tryptic peptides of the S carboxymethylated 20 000-Mr chain were isolated, and their sequences were determined. The alignment of these tryptic peptides in the chain was deduced from the amino acid compositions and from the partial sequences of peptic peptide of the oxidized protein. The established sequence consists of 171 amino acids and its calculated molecular weight is 19692. Comparing the sequence with those of L 2 chains from chicken and rabbit skeletal muscle myosins, 81 and 78 amino acid substitutions were recognized, respectively, including insertions and/or deletions. PMID- 7274221 TI - Myocardial relaxation IV: mechanical determinants of the time course of left ventricular pressure decline during isovolumic relaxation. PMID- 7274220 TI - The structural basis and importance of restoring forces and elastic recoil for the filling of the heart. PMID- 7274222 TI - Quantification of incomplete left ventricular relaxation: relationship to the time constant for isovolumic pressure fall. PMID- 7274223 TI - Relaxing ventricle performs more external mechanical work than quickly released elastic energy. PMID- 7274224 TI - Studies on the mechanism of altered left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations during ischaemia. PMID- 7274225 TI - Left ventricular (diastolic) dimensions and relaxation in patients with atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7274226 TI - Clinical significance of early diastolic changes in left ventricular wall thickness. PMID- 7274227 TI - Fifth workshop--relaxation (Antwerp). PMID- 7274228 TI - The states of myosin heads in heart muscle during systolic and diastolic phases. PMID- 7274229 TI - Sarcomere length 'orders' relaxation in cardiac muscle. PMID- 7274232 TI - Restoring forces and relaxation of rat cardiac muscle. PMID- 7274230 TI - Calcium transients in mammalian ventricular muscle. PMID- 7274231 TI - Are restoring forces important to relaxation? PMID- 7274233 TI - Load-dependence of physiologically relaxing cardiac muscle. PMID- 7274234 TI - Myocardial bridges and ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7274235 TI - Beneficial effect of enhanced myocardial carbohydrate utilisation after oxfenicine (L-hydroxyphenylglycine) in angina pectoris. PMID- 7274236 TI - Stimulation of myocardial lactate extraction by oxfenicine (L hydroxyphenylglycine). PMID- 7274237 TI - Depressive cardiac reflex elicited by angiographic contrast medium and its inhibition by lidocaine. PMID- 7274238 TI - Comparison of dipyridamole and treadmill exercise for enhancing thallium-201 perfusion defects in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7274239 TI - Eight year experience with the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis in 833 patients. PMID- 7274240 TI - Percutaneous catheter pericardiocentesis. PMID- 7274241 TI - Alternating Wenckebach phenomenon in the His-Purkinje system: a case report. PMID- 7274242 TI - Does diet matter in hypertension? PMID- 7274243 TI - Development of coronary care in the community--conclusions and recommendations. Report of a WHO working group, Brussels. PMID- 7274244 TI - Hemodynamic effects of digoxin in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7274246 TI - Sotalol-induced delayed ventricular repolarization in man. PMID- 7274245 TI - Detection of acute myocardial infarction by a new, sensitive and rapid method for determination of creatine kinase B-subunit activity. PMID- 7274247 TI - Factors associated with the initial blood pressure level and with the subsequent blood pressure increase in a longitudinal population study. The study of men born in 1913. PMID- 7274248 TI - Change of blood pressure in relation to other variables and to development of hypertensive disease indices in a longitudinal population study. The study of men born in 1913. PMID- 7274249 TI - The morphology of the atrioventricular node in scleroderma--a three-dimensional reconstruction. PMID- 7274250 TI - Pure right ventricular infarction. PMID- 7274251 TI - Recommendations for standardization of measurements from M-mode echocardiograms. PMID- 7274252 TI - Sector scanning views in echocardiography: a systematic approach. Relationship of 2D echo views to other cardiac imaging techniques. PMID- 7274254 TI - Chronic haemorrhagic disorder induced by dissecting aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7274253 TI - Atrioventricular nodal tachycardia with and without discontinuous anterograde and retrograde atrioventricular nodal conduction curves: a reappraisal of the dual pathway concept. PMID- 7274255 TI - Labetalol infusion for the treatment of hypertension in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7274256 TI - The quality of ambulatory ECG-recordings and accuracy of semi-automatic arrhythmia analysis. An evaluation of the Medilog-Pathfinder system. PMID- 7274257 TI - Evaluation of arrhythmia detectors. PMID- 7274258 TI - Early systolic closure in malformed aortic valve. PMID- 7274259 TI - Regional wall stiffness during acute myocardial ischaemia in the canine left ventricle. PMID- 7274260 TI - Right atrial myxoma in an asymptomatic child. Echocardiographic diagnosis. PMID- 7274261 TI - Rhabdomyoma of the interventricular septum in a neonate--two-dimensional echocardiographic features. PMID- 7274263 TI - The use of the first derivative of apex cardiogram and echocardiographic dimensions for assessing left ventricular relaxation and mean velocity of circumferential fibre lengthening in cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7274262 TI - Non-invasive detection of late potentials in man--a new marker for ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7274264 TI - A comparison of circulatory responsiveness following the sudden withdrawal from atenolol and propranolol. PMID- 7274265 TI - The left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume ratio. Studies during changes in load and inotropism in the human. PMID- 7274266 TI - Controlled trial of a long-acting quinidine for maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion of sustained atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7274267 TI - Subendocardial myocardial infarction: a follow-up study of 55 cases. PMID- 7274268 TI - The long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction: a five year follow-up study. PMID- 7274269 TI - Coronary arteriography prior to valve replacement. PMID- 7274270 TI - Further observations on conduction tissues in univentricular hearts--surgical implications. PMID- 7274271 TI - Left anterior fascicular block secondary to coronary artery spasm. PMID- 7274273 TI - Diagnostic endoscopy in the patient with chest pain. PMID- 7274272 TI - Treatment of refractory heart failure with trimazosin. PMID- 7274274 TI - Ergonovine maleate test in various anginal syndromes. PMID- 7274275 TI - M-mode and cross-sectional (2D) echocardiograms in the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7274277 TI - Some thoughts about cross-sectional views of two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7274276 TI - Variable threshold of exertional angina: a clue to a vasospastic component. PMID- 7274278 TI - Radionuclide methods for the evaluation of ventricular function. PMID- 7274279 TI - Early assessment of risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7274280 TI - Critical assessment of two-dimensional echocardiographic estimation of the mitral valve area in rheumatic mitral valve disease: calcific deposits in the valve as a major determinant of the accuracy of the method. PMID- 7274282 TI - Controlled study of long-term prazosin in refractory heart failure. PMID- 7274281 TI - M-mode echocardiographic evaluation of rheumatic mitral valve disease using diastolic separation of mitral leaflets. Comparison between this index and direct measurement of the two-dimensional image in predicting mitral valve orifice area. PMID- 7274283 TI - Estimation of left ventricular volume from apical orthogonal 2-D echocardiograms. PMID- 7274284 TI - A rare cause of cyanosis and polycythemia: anomalous systemic venous connections without associated intracardiac malformations. The blue milkman story. PMID- 7274285 TI - Respiratory and cardiac arrest after the administration of lidocaine into the central venous system. PMID- 7274287 TI - Editorial: Which patients with valvular heart disease do not need to be catheterized? PMID- 7274286 TI - Successful treatment of suicidal verapamil poisoning with calcium gluconate. PMID- 7274288 TI - Dynamic myocardial scintigraphy with 123I-labeled free fatty acids in patients with myocardial infarction. AB - We have already shown that myocardial imaging properties of radio-iodinated long chain free fatty acids (123I-FFA) and thallium 201 (201TI) are comparable in detecting areas of inadequate myocardial perfusion (van der Wall et al. 1980). Besides confirming our earlier observations, the present study tests the potential of 123I-FFA, hexadecenoic acid (123I-16-ha), and heptadecanoic acid (123I-17-H degree A), in assessing regional myocardial metabolism in 30 patients within a week of proven myocardial infarction. The clearance rates (t1/2) of FFA were estimated from mono-exponential time-activity curves, obtained by external detection over infarcted and normally perfused areas during a 30-min period after IV administration of 3-5 mCi 123I-16-HA or 123I-17-H degree A. Six normal subjects served as controls. The t1/2 values in the infarcted areas were found to be significantly lower (18.5 +/- 2.1 min; mean +/- SD, with 123I-16-HA and 16.8 +/- 3.5 min with 123I-17-H degree A) than in non-infarcted areas (34.0 +/- 8.4 min with 123I-16-HA and 34.8 +/- 7.7 with 123I-17-H degree A). The t1/2 values in the control group (27.5 +/- 3.0 min with 123I-17-H degree A) were not significantly different from values found in non-infacted areas in the patient group. Our findings of faster FFA turn-over rates in infarcted tissue are in contrast to previous studies, which have shown prolonged turn-over rates in reversibly ischaemic myocardiu. We conclude that the study of turn-over rates of FFA provides a means to distinguish normally perfused, reversibly ischaemic and irreversibly ischaemic myocardium. PMID- 7274289 TI - Metabolic myocardial imaging with 123I-labeled heptadecanoic acid in patients with angina pectoris. AB - The potential value of 123I-heptadecanoic acid (123I-H degree A) in myocardial scintigraphy has recently been assessed in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by studying regional myocardial metabolism (Van der Wall et al. 1981 a). To determine the metabolic behavior of 123I-H degree A in patients with stable angina pectoris (AP) as well, 30 patients with AP were included in this study: 18 patients were exercised and 12 patients were studied at rest. Regional myocardial metabolism was evaluated by generating background subtracted time activity curves, acquired by external detection over normally perfused and ischemic regions during a 30-min period after intravenous injection of 123I-H degree A. Following monoexponential curve-fitting, clearance rates were measured representing turnover rate (T1/2) of 123I-H degree A. The exercise group showed prolonged T1/2 values of 46.7 +/- 7.1 min (mean +/- SD) in ischemic regions and 28.7 +/- 3.6 min in normally perfused regions. The group at rest did not reveal any scintigraphic abnormalities and showed normal T1/2 values in all myocardial regions (29.1 +/- 4.7 min). Our observations of prolonged turnover rates in ischemic areas differ from the results of our recent study in patients with AMI, which demonstrated fast turnover rates in infarcted tissue. These data imply that 123I-H degree A permits the study of myocardial metabolism in patients with AP and the discrimination of normally perfused, reversibly ischemic (AP) and irreversibly ischemic (AMI) myocardium. PMID- 7274290 TI - The carotid and ECG pulses as indices for nuclear cardiography imaging. AB - Nuclear cardiography has emerged from nuclear medicine to help the cardiologist in assessing the heart's performance. One of the examinations practiced is imaging of the cardiac muscle at its two extreme phases: End-Systole (ES) and End Diastole (ED). Images of those two phases of the cardiac cycle may provide information for the calculation of Ejection Fraction (EF) and the asynergy and dysynergy of the heart muscle. PMID- 7274291 TI - Radioruthenium -- 2,3-Dimercaptopropansulfonic acid complex. A potentially useful radiocompound for kidney studies. AB - Radioruthenium complexed with 2,3-dimercaptopropansulfonic acid (DMPSA) shows a preferential localization in kidneys. After studying several parameters with regard to their influence on renal incorporation, the optimal procedure was established, showing an uptake by kidney (for 97Ru-labelled compound) of 30.3% dose/g/24 h or 43.4% dose/organ/24 h. The highest accumulation was reached 7-10 h after iv injection and no significant elimination was observed 24 h thereafter. The probable mechanisms involved in this process are discussed. PMID- 7274292 TI - Application of x-ray fluorescence to the study of iodine distribution and content in the thyroid. AB - We have been developing an X-ray fluorescence system designed to determine iodine distribution and content in the thyroid. The X-ray fluorescence unit is composed of a 80 KV X-ray excitation beam and a Si(Li) semi-conductor detector. The angle between the X-ray beam and the axis of the detector is 24 degree. Two single channel analyzers (SCA) are used, the first one corresponding to the K alpha peak and the other to the background. The SCA signals are digitised so that the two corresponding images may be processed using a computer. After subtracting the background, an image is obtained that represents the iodine distribution alone, and the iodine content of the whole thyroid or a part of it can be determined with a reproducibility of +/- 5%. A good correlation (r=0.98) between iodine chemical analysis and iodine fluorescence analysis was obtained for 13 patients. PMID- 7274293 TI - Composition of 99mTc-HIDA as a function of time after kit preparation. PMID- 7274295 TI - The therapeutic effect of amphotericin in acrodermatitis enteropathica: hypothesis and implications. AB - A nine year-old girl with acrodermatitis enteropathica developed typical clinical and biochemical features of zinc deficiency on two occasions while on an oral zinc supplement. On both occasions, these features responded immediately when she was treated with amphotericin B lozenges. Studies in vitro showed that amphotericin increases the permeability to zinc of pure lipid membranes containing cholesterol. We suggest that the antibiotic enhanced zinc absorption from the oral supplement thereby effecting resolution of the patient's zinc deficiency. PMID- 7274294 TI - Nature of copper and zinc compounds in tissues from a patient with Menkes kinky hair syndrome. AB - Copper and zinc concentrations, and the nature of the copper- and zinc-binding proteins, were studied using tissues from a Menkes patient who had been given intravenous infusions of cupric acetate. The liver and brain copper contents were lower than in an untreated, non-Menkes control, and the spleen, intestine and kidney showed higher copper concentrations than control tissues. Zinc concentrations in all the organs (except the kidneys) from the Menkes patient were slightly lower than those the control child. Using Sephadex G-75 column chromatography of cytosols (105,000 x g supernatant), three copper- and zinc containing peaks were eluted. In all the Menkes tissues studied, copper was prominent in peak 3. On the other hand, peak 3 was the smallest and peak 1 was the largest in the control tissues. Zinc predominated in peak 1 in both Menkes and control tissues, except for Menkes kidney. In this tissue peak 3 was again the largest. The copper- and zinc-binding material in peak 3 fractions from Menkes kidney was chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose columns. Three copper- and zinc-containing peaks were observed at the same positions as metallothionein from human adult kidneys. PMID- 7274296 TI - The Rose Bengal test in neonatal cholestasis: diagnostic and prognostic value. AB - 131I Rose Bengal(131IRB) studies were performed in 73 infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) and in 37 with intrahepatic cholestasis of various origins. Fecal 131IRB excretion of less than 10% ("complete' cholestasis) was observed in EHBA but also in some patients with either paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts (syndromatic type) or with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Seventy one 131IRB tests were also performed 3 to 8 weeks postoperatively in children operated on for EHBA. Fecal 131IRB excretion more than 15% was present in 27 out of 34 cases who were later completely jaundice free and in only one out of 37 cases where no bile flow restoration occurred. These results indicate that complete cholestasis in infants can be observed in some types of intrahepatic cholestasis, as well as in EHBA, and show that a post-operative 131IRB test is a reliable means of predicting complete restoration of bile flow in EHBA. PMID- 7274297 TI - The fear of recording a negative physical examination. PMID- 7274298 TI - Occurrence of four types of growth hormone-related dwarfism in Israeli communities. AB - Data are presented on 121 dwarfed patients belonging to 98 Israeli families with 4 types of dwarfism related to deficiency or in activity of human growth hormone (hGH): isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), partial hGH deficiency (pIGHD), multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD) and Laron-type dwarfism (LTD). These series are believed to comprise most of the dwarfs of these types in Israel; however, their distribution among the various ethnic communities varies greatly: LTD (15 families) is confined to a few communities of Oriental Jews; only 3 of 30 families with IGHD, but 7 of 10 families with pIGHD, are Ashkenazi, whereas the clinic distribution of 42 families with MPHD corresponds roughly to that of the general population. These data seem to reflect the role of genetic factors in the etiology of the various types of dwarfism: the stronger the genetic component, the greater is its deviation from random occurrence among the various communities. PMID- 7274299 TI - Outcome of pregnancy in a phenylketonuric mother after low phenylalanine diet introduced from the ninth week of pregnancy. PMID- 7274300 TI - The CSF-protein pattern in acute cerebellar ataxia of childhood and intracranial midline tumours. PMID- 7274301 TI - Aldolase activities of the small intestinal mucosa in malabsorption states and hereditary fructose intolerance. PMID- 7274302 TI - XY Sex-reversed campomelia. PMID- 7274303 TI - Discitis--a rare early symptom of ankylosing spondylitis. AB - This case report describes a patient who suffered from backache at the age of 12 years. The initial diagnosis was Scheuermann's disease but repeated examinations showed a progressive discitis, without signs of arthritis of the sacro-iliac joints. There was also a recurring effusion of the left knee. Three years later the clinical and radiological evaluation showed irreversible immobilisation of the dorsolumbar spine, whereas the sacro-iliac joints were mildly affected. Discitis seems to be a rare early symptom of ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7274304 TI - Sarcoidosis: ten years' follow-up of a relatively severe case. PMID- 7274306 TI - Pharmacokinetics of amineptine in man. PMID- 7274305 TI - Differential adriamycin distribution to blood components. AB - The differential distribution of doxorubicin (Adriamycin = AM) and daunorubicin (Daunomycin = DM) within the blood components, after an i.v. injection of 10 or 15 mg/kg of body weight, was investigated from its metabolites and quantified by means of the TLC scanning fluorescence technique. AM accumulated in the following order (of decreasing percentages): plasma and red cells (RBC), white cells (WBC), and platelets (PT), but the absolute amount of drug that reached each cell type was related to its relative volume. In the presence of higher blood concentrations (after injection of 15 mg/kg of body weight) the RBCs accumulated much more AM than the plasma, WBC, and PT; suggesting that the RBC fraction has a greater capacity to concentrate the drug. However, if the concentration of AM is expressed per unit volume of each component, a markedly higher value was observed for PT, and this was confirmed by in vitro results obtained by incubating blood in the presence of AM. DM seemed to be distributed on a percent basis to a greater extent than AM in the RBC fraction. Both compounds were taken up by blood cells, particularly platelets, to levels in excess of the extracellular concentration. PMID- 7274307 TI - A compartmental model for the uptake of chlorphentermine in isolated perfused rat lung. AB - Equilibrium binding studies in vitro have established that chlorphentermine (CP) can be accumulated in rat lung by both binding and partitioning. Kinetic analysis of CP uptake in the isolated organ assuming an exponential process also suggests two separate mechanisms, one being saturable binding or transport, and the other, non-saturable partitioning. The present study was concerned with an alternative compartmental representation of the uptake process, and the validity of conclusions based on an exponential model. A three compartment model was finally selected which explain ed the observed uptake over a wide range of CP perfusate concentrations (2.5 x 10(-7) - 2.5 x 10(-5) mol/L) to within experimental error; it consisted of a binding and partitioning compartment in addition to one associated with the vascular bed. At low perfusate concentrations (2.5 x 10(-7) mol/L) uptake was essentially due to binding, while at higher perfusate concentrations (2.5 x 10(-5) mol/L) most uptake was due to partitioning. The total number of kinetically estimated binding sites (0.109 mumol/g) was less than that found by equilibrium dialysis for lung homogenates in vitro (8.3 mumol/g), suggesting an accessibility limitation for binding sites in the isolated preparation receiving a brief (10 min) perfusion. The data also indicate that there are probably two classes of binding sites or regional concentration of CP in the lung. It is proposed that interpretation of exponential model parameters may be problematical. PMID- 7274308 TI - Metabolism of succinonitrile in liver: studies on the systems involved in cyanide release. AB - The liberation of cyanide from succinonitrile has been studied to obtain information on the cellular systems responsible for the release of this metabolite. 1) Using isolated endoplasmic reticulum preparations a complex between succinonitrile and cyt. P 450 has been detected. This finding together with the inhibition of cyanide liberation by SKF-525A in liver slices indicates that the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the early stages of succinonitrile metabolism. 2) The decreased metabolism of succinonitrile which was observed after addition of inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation indicates that an energy-dependent mitochondrial step might be involved in the subsequent steps. 3) It is concluded that cyanide liberation from succinonitrile is a multistep process in which the mitochondrial membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum are involved. The requirement for cellular integrity in order to accomplish the process of succinonitrile metabolism suggests other components or equilibria that are difficult to reproduce in in vitro experiments. PMID- 7274310 TI - Metabolism of ticlopidine in rats: identification and quantitative determination of some its metabolites in plasma, urine and bile. AB - The fate of Ticlopidine, a new inhibitor of platelet aggregation, has been studied in rats following single oral doses. The compound was quickly absorbed as evaluated by the time of the peak plasma concentration. The metabolism of Ticlopidine involved N-oxidation, cleavage of the N-C bond, oxidation of aliphatic carbon followed by glycine conjugation. Methods for quantitation of Ticlopidine and of its metabolites, Ticlopidine-N-oxide, Tetrahydrothienopyridine, 2-cloro-hippuric acid, and the metabolite named Ticlopidine-M, are reported. Urinary excretion took place essentially in the first 24 hours and biliary excretion was most pronounced in the hour following dosing. Small amounts of Ticlopidine were excreted unchanged. The major urinary metabolites were 2-chlorohippuric acid (16% of the dose) and tetrahydrothienopyridine (8%), while Ticlopidine-M predominated in the bile (2% in 0.5h). The peak plasma concentration of Ticlopidine occurred at 0.5 hour. The plasma concentration/time curve displayed a biphasic profile and the terminal half-life of Ticlopidine was tentatively estimated to be 6-10 h in the rat. Ticlopidine-N-oxide was also quantified in plasma: the levels were inferior to those of Ticlopidine throughout the experimental period. PMID- 7274309 TI - Metabolism of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) in patients with prostatic carcinoma. AB - Plasma samples from patients with prostatic cancer under oral treatment with estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) were quantitatively analyzed for the presence of the parent drug and some of its possible metabolites. Specific methods based on radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography-mass fragmentography were used. Dephosphorylation and oxidation at the 17-position of estradiol were shown to be the major metabolic routes. The estrone analogue of estramustine was found to be the main metabolite in plasma. Elevated levels of estradiol and estrone showed that hydrolysis of the carbamic ester also occurred in these patients. Their estrogen levels were compared with those of another group of prostatic cancer patients receiving conventional hormonal therapy, polyestradiol phosphate (Estradurin). Similar concentrations of estradiol were found in the two groups but the concentrations of estrone were higher in patients given estramustine phosphate. PMID- 7274311 TI - Electroencephalographic and cranial computed tomographic findings in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. AB - The electroencephalographic (EEG) and cranial computed tomographic (CCT) findings of 41 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy were analyzed. There was a positive correlation between EEG abnormalities and the affected side of the body in 25 (61%), while there was a positive correlation between CCT abnormalities and the affected side of the body in 37 (90%). In 24 cases (59%), there was a positive correlation between EEG and CCT laterality. However, in 13 of the patients with dominant abnormalities in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the palsy, EEgs did not show the same laterality as the CCT. In two of these cases, dominant seizure discharges were present on the side opposite to the CCT abnormalities. CCT was more useful than EEG in determining the side of maximal brain damage in hemiplegic cerebral palsy (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7274313 TI - Skew deviation as presenting ocular sign of a third ventricle colloid cyst. AB - A heretofore undescribed case of mesencephalic skew deviation in association with a third ventricle colloid cyst is reported. Evidence is provided tha the oculomotor symptoms were caused by irritation of midbrain tegmentum structures, which proved to be critical for vertical eye movements. PMID- 7274312 TI - Status epilepticus with cognitive symptomatology in a patient with partial complex epilepsy. AB - A 16-year-old patient who had a history of complex partial seizures, had frequent episodes of status epilepticus with diffuse slow-wave discharges. The clinical manifestations were apparently insignificant due to the fact that vigilance, orientation and behaviour were unimpaired. Neuropsychological investigations showed that the cognitive processes were selectively impaired during such episodes. The electroclinical pattern was interrupted by break-off of contact concomitant with high-frequency spike discharges. Cognitive impairment is believed to represent the specific feature peculiar to this type of status epilepticus. PMID- 7274314 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis following Herpes zoster infection in a patient with immunodeficiency. PMID- 7274315 TI - Neurosyphilis today. AB - 14 cases of tabes dorsalis, 4 cases of dementia paralytica, 3 cases of lues cerebri, and 1 case of syphilitic meningomyelitis are reported as observed over a 10-year period (1967-1976). Tabes has the peculiarity of revealing itself with pictures characterized by scarcity and mildness of objective neurological manifestations. Dementia paralytica, cerebral meningo-vascular syphilis and spinal syphilitic meningomyelitis remain constant in that they still present typical pictures, i.e., those which are classically described in early literature. In our neurosyphilitics, the most vulnerable average age for the late luetic manifestations in the nervous system in 50 years. In most of the patients examined, changes of the histochemical composition of cerebrospinal fluid are present. The colloidal benzoin test that, in almost all the cases, reveals itself by pathological precipitations is extremely important for a correct diagnosis. In more than one third of the 22 neurosyphilitics examined, all the non-treponemal serological reactions are negative both in the blood and in the cerebrospinal fluid. On the contrary, we assign a greater diagnostic importance to TPI and FTA test, which give positive results in the blood in 65 and 70% of the cases, respectively. PMID- 7274316 TI - Sensory and motor parameters in leg nerves of diabetics: intercorrelations and relationships to clinical symptoms. AB - Nerve conduction was studied in various sensory and motor leg nerves in diabetics. Distal nerves were more affected than proximal ones. There was a poor correlation between neurographic results and the severity of clinical symptoms. No relationship was found between the degree of alteration of the individual neurographic parameter and the duration of diabetes and the fasting blood glucose level. PMID- 7274317 TI - Age-dependent changes in esterases of Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Bruchidae: Coleoptera). AB - Age-dependent changes, quantitative as well as qualitative, in esterase activity were found by assaying crude extracts of Callosobruchus maculatus. There is increase in esterase activity in both the sexes with advancing age in bruchids. Esterase from old bruchids showed several additional electrophoretic bands which did not appear in assays of young bruchids; in addition there is an increase in staining intensity of the bands. A rapid increase in esterase activity during the last days of life may be responsible for producing energy used in various metabolic processes in an attempt to escape death. PMID- 7274318 TI - Adult age differences in memory for modality attributes. AB - Young and elderly subjects performed on two memory tasks. The first task involved recognition of word content and identification of each word's sex of voice in the study list. An additional independent variable consisted of intentional versus incidental learning instructions. An age difference favoring young adults was found for both word recognition and sex of voice recognition, confirming earlier evidence found with a more difficult sentence recall task. Comparable age deficits were found on the second task involving word recognition and identification of each word's case format in the study list. Encoding of modality attributes does appear to be an effortful process and is susceptible to age deficits. However, contrary to the age differentiation hypothesis, the cross-task correlation between modality recognition scores was no greater for elderly adults than for young adults. PMID- 7274319 TI - Acquisition and retention of categorized material in normal aging and senile dementia. AB - The "shopping list task" is a new verbal learning task with a high degree of face validity for elderly subjects. Learning and delayed recall performance were examined for three groups of subjects: young normals (n = 63, median age = 21), elderly normals (n = 44, median age = 69) and mild to moderately impaired senile dementia patients (n = 60, median age = 70). The young normal subjects performed best of the three groups in both initial learning and delayed recall measures. The elderly normals showed significant decrements in learning and recalling the list items (p less than .01). The impaired elderly showed much greater performance decrements in both learning and recall. None of the subjects showed a deficit in delayed recognition. These results suggest that both storage and retrieval difficulties occur in normal aging and dementia. The recognition test results suggest that recall deficits evidenced by both elderly groups are in large part due to faulty retrieval mechanisms. Since the shopping list task discriminated well among the three groups, it has potential for memory assessment in clinical settings. PMID- 7274320 TI - The elderly and informed consent: effects of vocabulary level and corrected feedback. AB - Eighty-seven elderly adults (57-87 years of age) divided into four WAIS vocabulary subgroups (less than 40, 40-49, 50-59, greater than or equal to 60) participated in a study of comprehension and memory of an informed consent procedure. Ss in Group I read the consent form and, with the information sheet still present, answered multiple choice questions covering the main points of information. Feedback and corrected answers were then provided. Ss in Group II read the consent form but did not receive the comprehension test or feedback. All Ss were tested for memory of the information 2-3 weeks later. Results indicated that losses in performance increased with decreasing levels of vocabulary. Losses associated with low vocabulary levels appeared to be comprehension-related and did not increase in later tests of memory. The use of corrected feedback provided a significant general improvement at all vocabulary levels but did not reduce the effects due to vocabulary levels. PMID- 7274321 TI - Flexibility and memory: are the elderly really less flexible? AB - All subjects were given two types of semantic encoding tasks; one encoding task directed attention to an item's thematic role (e.g., igloo was presented in the context of other items from the "North Pole" theme) and the other encoding task directed attention to the same item's role in some taxonomy (e.g., igloo was presented with other items from the dwelling taxonomy). Subjects were tested for free recall of the items followed by cued recall, the cues being theme and taxonomy labels. Young adults and middle-aged adults were more flexible retrieving items than older adults. They often switched modes during retrieval, recalling a few members from a theme and using the terminal item as a "pivot" to recall a few items from the taxonomy to which it also belonged. Flexibility was correlated with recall at each age; however, aging was associated with a less flexible style of retrieval. PMID- 7274322 TI - Factor analysis of a self-concept instrument for older adults. AB - In this study, 235 community residents, ranging in age from 60 to 91 years, were administered a 31 scale semantic differential referring to the concept, "What I Really Am". The construct validity of similar self-concept instruments has been investigated through factor analysis, but the dimensionality of such scales with a gerontological population remains unresolved and hampers related research. Therefore, a principal factor solution was conducted and four factors accounting for 48.2% of the total variance were rotated to their varimax position. The first factor, representing 30.8% of the variance, suggested an Adjustment/Esteem factor. The second, accounting for an additional 7.5% of variance, represented an Achievement/Intellectual Capacity factor. Factor III appeared as an Emotional/Physical Stability factor (5.7%) and Factor IV, a Sociability/Congeniality factor (4.8%). The last two factors were extremely suggestive of Eysenck's personality dichotomy. Thus, the measure may reflect both stable personality dimensions as well as more reactive domains. PMID- 7274323 TI - Nonrandom assignment and the analysis of covariance in aging research. AB - A technique developed initially by Overall and Woodward for using nonrandom assignment in ANCOVA is reviewed. Though such a technique produces unbiased measures of treatment effects, this is only true when the assumptions of ANCOVA have been met and when group assignment is based on covariate scores. Limitations and potential applications for such a technique in gerontological research are reviewed. PMID- 7274324 TI - Some important methodological issues in the study of aging and cognition. AB - Despite extensive geropsychological research into cognitive change with advanced age, there is conflicting evidence regarding the nature of this change and even well developed arguments that no decrement with advanced age exists. A review of the field suggests that researchers have neglected certain important parameters which might greatly affect results Specifically, the following topics are examined: (1) determination as to what constitutes "young" and "old", (2) the source of the subjects in aging research, (3) methods of matching subject groups and (4) considerations of group heterogeneity. It was concluded that these issues are often confounded within research designs, that controlling them would help clarify theoretical issues, and that these parameters, when controlled, are themselves worthy of interest. PMID- 7274325 TI - Purification of Thy-1-related glycoproteins from human brain and fibroblasts: comparisons between these molecules and murine glycoproteins carrying Thy-1.1 and Thy-1.2 antigens. PMID- 7274327 TI - WHO report. Nomenclature of the alternative activating pathway of complement. PMID- 7274326 TI - Clonal regulation in the response to phosphorylcholine. II. Heterogeneity among T15 idiotype-positive antibodies in inbred and wild mice. AB - Inbred stains of mice routinely respond to phosphorylcholine (PC)-containing antigens, S. pneumoniae and PC-keyhole limpet hemocyanin, with the production of three major families of antibodies. Two of these groups, the M511 and M603 idiotype (Id) families, are clearly heterogeneous, whereas the third, T15, normally exhibits much less heterogeneity and appears to be monoclonal in many strains. We report here on the occurrence of additional T15 Id+ antibodies which can be detected readily by isoelectric focusing. These antibodies have been observed in 9 of 12 strains examined at an average frequency of 10%. They occur in both the IgG1 and IgG3 isotypes. Collectively, the antibodies comprise a heterogeneous group although cofocusing antibodies were observed in individuals of a strain or between strains. Two H-2-congenic strains, BALB.B and BALB.G, regularly displayed multiple cofocusing T15 Id+ antibodies in each individual. Idiotypic analysis of these antibodies in all strains showed that each contained H, L and H-L-specific variable region determinants common to T15. A surprising finding was the consistent expression of a heterogeneous T15 Id response in two wild Mus musculus lines. Most of these antibodies cofocused with T15 Id+ antibodies in BALB.G or C3H as well as contained strain-specific idiotypic determinants found among inbred mice. These data demonstrate that BALB/c and other inbred strains possess the genetic potential to generate a family of closely related T15 Id+ antibodies. The results further suggest that the restricted response usually seen among inbred strains is not normal and exists because of a highly selective regulatory system. PMID- 7274328 TI - Characteristics of the dopamine receptors in the rabbit isolate splenic artery. AB - After blockade of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors, the tension induced by PGF2alpha in splenic artery strips was relaxed by dopamine, 6, 7-ADTN, N-methyldopamine, apomorphine, N, N-di-n-propyl 5, 6-ADTN, N, N-di-n-propyl 6, 7-ADTN and Sandoz 27 403; their equipotent concentrations (relative to dopamine = 1) were 0.2: 0.3: 0.4: 1.1: 3.9 and 3.9 respectively. 5, 6 ADTN, N-methyl 5,6ADTN, N, N diethyldopamine, N, N-di-n-propyldopamine and SKF 38393 were weakly active or inactive at relaxing the splenic artery strip. Bulbocapnine and cis-alpha flupenthixol were specific, competitive, reversible antagonists of dopamine. Fluphenazine, clozapine, trifluoperazine, haloperidol and spiroperidol also antagonised dopamine, but were relatively weak antagonists and a small part of their action was non-specific. Sulpiride was inactive against dopamine. SKF 38393 selectively antagonised the effects of dopamine demonstrating that SKF 38393 has affinity, but little efficacy at the dopamine receptors in the splenic artery. The findings with both agonists and antagonists suggest that the vascular dopamine receptors in the rabbit splenic artery resemble those in the dog renal and mesenteric vascular beds. PMID- 7274330 TI - Blockade by clonidine of negative pressure breathing-induced diuresis in the dog. AB - The effects of clonidine and dl-propranolol on negative pressure breathing induced diuresis in chloralose-anaesthetized dog were studied. Clonidine (10 microgram/kg i.v.) suppressed the diuretic response, whereas dl-propranolol (1 mg/kg i.v.) was inactive. PMID- 7274329 TI - Clofibrate and vascular smooth muscle: actions on rabbit aorta preparations. AB - Clofibrate (Atromid-S) has been found to inhibit the contractility of isolated rabbit aortic muscle rings produced by exposure to either norepinephrine, histamine or angiotensin. The inhibitory effect of clofibrate is seen optimally in Krebs medium containing low, 5 X 10-5 M, calcium but is not found in medium containing 2.5 X 10-3 M calcium. In contrast, clofibrate does not inhibit contractions triggered by depolarizing concentrations of K+, in either low or normal Ca medium. Since only receptor-mediated contractions are inhibited, it is suggested that the actions of clofibrate in aorta influence an event common to receptor-linked contractions, possibly by interfering with the utilization of membrane-bound calcium. PMID- 7274331 TI - Sodium dependency of [3H]imipramine binding in rat cerebral cortex. AB - [3H]imipramine binding to membranes prepared from rat brain cortex is sensitive to sodium ions. The dissociation constant, K(D), in the absence of added sodium was four times greater than in the presence of 120 mM sodium chloride. There was no change in the maximal binding, Bmax, of [3H] imipramine binding in the absence of sodium. The addition of Tris chloride in the range of 10-300 mM caused only a small decrease in the binding of [3H] imipramine whereas the addition of similar concentrations of sodium chloride increased linearly the binding of [3H] imipramine at 1 nM by over 100%. PMID- 7274332 TI - Differential actions of mianserin and iprindole on the sensitivity of cortical neurons to noradrenaline: effect of chronic treatment. AB - The sensitivity of cingulate cortical neurons to microiontophoretically administered noradrenaline (NA) was compared in groups of rats treated with one or other of the two antidepressants mianserin (30 mg/kg s.c.) or iprindole (10 mg/kg i.p.) either acutely or chronically, for 10 and 28 days respectively. In the rats treated chronically with mianserin, the neurons were significantly less sensitive to NA than those of the acutely treated animals. By contrast, chronic administration of iprindole did not significantly affect neuronal sensitivity to NA. PMID- 7274333 TI - Regional in vivo binding of [3H]N-propylnorapomorphine in the mouse brain. Evidence for labelling of central dopamine receptors. AB - Tail vein injections of [3H]N-propylnorapomorphine ([3H]NPA) in male mice resulted in a dose-related accumulaton of radioactivity in the following brain regions: striatum (max), olfactory tubercle and cerebellum (min). The specific binding was saturable with increasing concentrations of the drug and stereospecifically displaced by (+) butaclamol. Dopamine agonist (apomorphine, NPA and bromocriptine) and antagonists (spiperone, haloperidol, (+) butaclamol and I-sulpiride) all caused dose-dependent prevention of [3H]NPA binding. Mianserin, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol did not prevent the in vivo [3H]NPA binding suggesting that [3H]NPA binds specifically to dopamine receptors in the striatum and the olfactory tubercle of the mouse. PMID- 7274334 TI - Solubilization of the neuroleptic binding receptor from rat striatum. PMID- 7274335 TI - Guanylylimidodiphosphate modulates [3H] histamine binding in a solubilised preparation from rat brain. PMID- 7274336 TI - High-affinity [3H] DMI binding is associated with neuronal noradrenaline uptake in the periphery and the central nervous system. PMID- 7274337 TI - Effect of ammonium chloride on receptor-mediated uptake of diphtheria toxin by Vero cells. PMID- 7274338 TI - Post-stimulation retrieval of luminal surface membrane in parotid acinar cells is calcium-dependent. PMID- 7274339 TI - Mitogenic stimulation and the redistribution of concanavalin A receptors on lymphocytes. PMID- 7274340 TI - Length of human prematurely condensed chromosomes during G0 and G1 phase. PMID- 7274341 TI - Junctional communication pattern of cells cultured from human milk. PMID- 7274342 TI - Primary culture of human diploid cells and its long-term transfer in a serum-free medium. PMID- 7274343 TI - Binding of thrombin to normal and transformed fibroblasts depends on cell density. PMID- 7274344 TI - De novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis in the preimplantation mouse embryo. PMID- 7274345 TI - Reversible cross-linking of cellular components of adherent fibroblasts to fibronectin and lectin-coated substrata. PMID- 7274346 TI - Effect of topical and intraperitoneal indomethacin on the generation of PGE2-like activity in rabbit conjunctiva and iris-ciliary body. PMID- 7274348 TI - Ocular volume and ocular rigidity. PMID- 7274347 TI - Stability of the collagen phenotype and decreased collagen production in serial subcultures of rabbit corneal endothelial cells. PMID- 7274349 TI - Hyaluronate in aqueous humour. PMID- 7274350 TI - Biochemical and structural features of chick lens gap junctions. PMID- 7274351 TI - Studies on the water-soluble lens proteins of vertebrates with particular reference to low molecular weight fractions. PMID- 7274353 TI - Human ocular mucus. Chemical studies. PMID- 7274354 TI - Genetic interaction in the retinal degeneration of mice. PMID- 7274352 TI - Effect of aminooxyacetic acid on endogenous GABA release from rat retina. PMID- 7274355 TI - Density of retinal catecholamine-accumulating cells in different-sized goldfish. PMID- 7274356 TI - Anomalous effects of external potassium ions upon the electrophysiological properties of the frog lens. PMID- 7274357 TI - Effect of dopamine agonists and antagonists on the electrical activity of substantia nigra neurons transplanted into the lateral ventricle of the rat. AB - Pieces of fetal rat mesencephalon containing the substantia nigra were transplanted into the lateral ventricle of rats pretreated with 6-OHDA injections into the ipsilateral substantia nigra. Extracellular recordings from these grafts revealed spontaneously active neurons with action potential waveforms and firing rates similar to those found in substantia nigra zona compacta in situ. Furthermore, local application of dopamine agonists inhibited, while dopamine antagonists increased zona compacta activity, both in situ and of cells from nigral grafts. We conclude that substantia nigra grafts contain spontaneously active neurons similar to those of zona compacta in situ, and that some of the mechanisms regulating nigral neuronal activity in situ are also present in this preparation. PMID- 7274358 TI - Prolonged time course for vibratory suppression of stretch reflex in the decerebrate cat. AB - We studied the effects of longitudinal tendon vibration on the stretch reflex of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in 11 decerebrate cats. Vibration was applied at amplitudes (40-80 micrometer) and frequencies (120-250 HZ) sufficient to provide a strong tonic vibration reflex. In keeping with previous reports, we found that during an established tonic vibration reflex, the force and emg response to superimposed ramp and hold stretch are largely suppressed. This suppression is most obvious during the dynamic phase of stretch where it gives rise to a complex force response resembling that of active areflexic muscle. If stretch initiation is delayed until after vibration is terminated, the suppressed effects of vibration persist for 5 s or more. These suppressive effects are marked in the first 200 ms, and then decay gradually over the ensuing time period, paralleling the decline in emg and force which follows vibration offset. Simultaneous recordings from homonymous Ia afferents showed that this suppression persists even though the stretch responsiveness of primary spindle endings has returned to normal immediately following the end of vibration. When stretch is initiated shortly after vibration commences, the suppressive effects are first evident at 50-100 ms latency, but are not well established until 1 s or more after vibration onset. Tests of monosynaptic transmission using small amplitude tendon taps or electrical stimulation of synergist nerves to activate Ia fibers revealed that reductions in the magnitude of the response following vibration are usually modest (12% mean reduction at 50 ms, n = 5), and they are quite sensitive to the initial level of excitation of the motoneuron pool. These reductions were also rather shortlived, being largely completed within 500 ms of vibration offset. Although the relative contributions of presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition are not readily dissociated in this type of experiment, it is likely that the magnitude of presynaptic inhibition is quite small. We argue that the effects of vibration on the stretch reflex are best explained by invoking an excitatory autogenetic projection from Ia interneurons to extensor motor neurons, which lies in parallel with the Ia monosynaptic projection. In order to account for the vibratory suppression, we propose that these interneurons are driven to saturation by vibration. When vibration ceases, the discharge rate of these interneurons declines with a prolonged time-course that coincides with the recovery of stretch responsiveness. This recovery would contribute to the return of stretch reflex force. PMID- 7274359 TI - Discharge characteristics of neuronal pairs in the rabbit inferior colliculus. AB - Activity of neuronal pairs in the inferior colliculus of the rabbit was recorded with a single stainless-steel microelectrode. Seventy pairs were investigated with monaural and binaural tonal stimuli. The most common parameter of the response in neuronal pairs was the best frequency, which was similar in 100% of the pairs (n = 45). Q10 values were identical in 44% of pairs and threshold tuning curves in 27% of pairs. Units with a smaller spike amplitude usually had a shorter latency to both binaural and monaural stimuli, when measured 10-20 dB above the best frequency threshold. Most units discharged during the entire period of the 100 ms tone stimulation at their best frequency; large differences, however, were found in their firing pattern, when peristimulus histograms were compared. High correlation was found in pairs where both neurones exhibited the same type of binaural interaction. The following types of binaural interaction were found: binaural excitatory drive with occlusion, binaural excitatory drive with facilitation; monaural excitatory drive with inhibition from the other ear and pure monaural excitatory drive. In a significant number of neuronal pairs the influence of binaural stimulation was similar for both neurones. The results suggest that: (a) many adjacent neurones in the inferior colliculus convey parallel information concerning features of the auditory stimulus; (b) units with a similar type of binaural interaction may be organized in clusters within isofrequency layers. PMID- 7274360 TI - Behaviour of neurons in monkey peri-arcuate and precentral cortex before and during visually guided arm and hand movements. AB - Neuron activity was recorded in monkey cerebral cortex during a visually guided reaching task. Cells located in the banks of the arcuate sulcus at its curvature changed their activity during the period in which the monkey saw a food reward in a certain position, but before it moved to retrieve the reward. A role of these neurons in visual guidance of arm and hand movements is postulated. PMID- 7274361 TI - Differential visual adaptation of vertical canal-dependent vestibulo-ocular reflexes. AB - Reversing vision in the horizontal (left-right) plane in humans induces adaptive mechanisms and even reversal of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR). The present experiments were aimed at investigating if such adaptive modifications could be observed in the frontal plane by reversal of the torsional visual world movements. Torsional vestibulo-ocular reflex (TVOR) was measured in one subject who wore Dove prisms for 19 days. The gain of TVOR was tested in the dark with the head leaned backward and rotating around an earth vertical axis with sinusoidal rotation (1/6 HZ). The gain decreased from 0.27 to 0.13 at 70 degrees peak-to-peak amplitude, and from 0.3 to 0.11 at 45 degrees peak-to-peak amplitude after 19 days of prism-wearing. Full gain recovery was observed 10 days after prism removal. The results are compared with the observation that in the same situation the vertical VOR (up-down) is not reversed (Dove prisms do not reverse visual images in this plane). As the same four (vertical) canals produce both reflexes, it is suggested that central neuronal mechanisms allow the recognition of the geometrical pattern of visual reversals and selectively adapt the reflex in the relevant planes. PMID- 7274362 TI - The eye movements of the dark-reared cat. AB - Cats reared in total darkness to adulthood have abnormal eye movements. A spontaneous nystagmus is found in the dark before any visual experience. The eye movements evoked by vestibular or optokinetic stimulation are less effective at compensation than for a normal cat. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) has a low gain (around 0.3) and a frequency dependent phase relation. The efficiency of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is poorer than for a normal cat, except for downwards stimulus movement which is followed better than normal. OKN is poorest in response to a stimulus viewed monocularly moving in the nasal to temporal direction. Neither VOR nor OKN of a dark-reared cat recover in efficiency within 5 months of the animal being brought into the light. A normal cat put into the dark for 135 days shows none of these abnormalities except an occasional spontaneous nystagmus. PMID- 7274363 TI - Modification of the balance and gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in the cat. AB - The characteristics of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of a normal cat can be modified in response to visual demands. Two aspects of the VOR are modifiable independently by a normal cat: the gain and the balance. An imbalance results in a spontaneous nystagmus and an asymmetric VOR. Neither the gain nor the balance of a dark-reared cat's VOR is susceptible to visual modification. A cat whose crossed visual pathways are severed at the level of the optic chiasm is able to modify the gain of the VOR but not its balance. Both dark-reared and split-chiasm cats have only very short-lasting optokinetic after-nystagmus. PMID- 7274364 TI - Spinal, trigeminal, and cortical climbing fibre paths to the lateral vermis of the cerebellar anterior lobe in the cat. AB - The spinal, trigeminal and cortical climbing fibre projection to the lateral vermis of the cerebellar anterior lobe in the cat has been investigated. The b zone, which occupies a one mm wide band in the lateral vermis, receives a somatotopically arranged input. Successively more rostral segments (tail, hindlimb, thorax, forelimb and trigeminal nerves) project to successively more medial microzones. The b zone receives an input through each of three spino olivocerebellar paths (SOCPs) ascending in the ventral, dorsal and dorsolateral funiculi (VF, DF and DLF). In the b zone, the hindlimb input is bilateral through the VF-SOCP and ipsilateral through he DF- and DLF-SOCPs. The forelimb input is bilateral through the VF-SOCP, ipsilateral through the DLF-SOCP and lacking from the DF-SOCP. The trigeminal input is bilateral. Medial to the b zone in lobule V is the x zone, which receives an input from the ipsilateral forelimb through the DF- and DLF-SOCPs. The climbing fibres to the x zone are collaterals of the climbing fibres projecting to the c1 zone in the pars intermedia and paramedian lobule. The climbing fibre input from the cerebral sensorimotor cortex to the lateral vermis matches the spinal input. The lateral and medial parts of the b zone receive a bilateral input from hind- and forelimb cortical areas, respectively. The x zone receives an input from the contralateral forelimb area. The functional significance of the converging paths is discussed. PMID- 7274366 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: characterization of antigens in excretions and secretions. PMID- 7274365 TI - Electron microscopic identification of cerebellar nucleo-cortical mossy terminals in the rat. AB - Intact mossy terminals observed in the granular layer of rat cerebella, two weeks after complete transection of all cerebellar peduncles, were identified as the endings of the intracerebellar nucleo-cortical afferents. A quantitative study of synaptic vesicle size spectra revealed clear differences between nucleo-cortical and true extracerebellar mossy afferents. These differences suggest that the nucleo-cortical afferents are recurrent collaterals of the projective nucleofugal fibers. PMID- 7274367 TI - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Nematodirus battus: changes in numbers and weight during the course of infection. PMID- 7274369 TI - Trypanosoma congolense: natural and acquired resistance in the bovine. PMID- 7274368 TI - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Haemonchus contortus: function of the excretory ampulla of the third-stage larva. PMID- 7274370 TI - Plasmodium yoelii: genetic analysis of crosses between two rodent malaria subspecies. PMID- 7274371 TI - Fasciola hepatica: IgG and IgA levels in the serum and bile of infected cattle. PMID- 7274372 TI - Plasmodium lophurae: immunogenicity of a histidine-rich protein. PMID- 7274373 TI - Plasmodium lophurae: protective immunogenicity of the histidine-rich protein? PMID- 7274374 TI - Characterization of the rabbit heart in cholesterol-induced coronary atherosclerosis. Morphometric studies. PMID- 7274375 TI - Further observations on age-induced changes of cerebral arteries in rats. An electron microscopic study. AB - Proximal segments of the cerebral arteries of aging rats ranging in age from 35 to 45 months were studied electron microscopically. Characteristic features of the medial smooth muscle cells showed single or multiple cytoplasmic focal degradations with electron density, and irregularly shaped and sized cytoplasmic small cave formations (foveations) similar to a spider's web. The latter was a characteristic feature in very old rats. Intercellular spaces were dilated with an increase in amount of basement membrane-like substances, either thick or multilaminated around the bizarrely atrophied smooth muscle cells. Bundles of filaments were present in the basal cytoplasm of the endothelial cells. Bifurcation pads ("Valve-like projections") at the branching points of the cerebral arteries also showed a smooth muscle cell necrosis with deposition of basement membrane-like substances and granulo-vesicular profiles around them, especially in the roots and margins of the bifurcation pads. PMID- 7274376 TI - Sapintoxin A, a new biologically active nitrogen containing phorbol ester. PMID- 7274377 TI - Hepatic protein turnover in goldthioglucose-induced obesity. PMID- 7274378 TI - Asymmetric distribution of male and female foetuses in the pregnant rabbit uterus. PMID- 7274379 TI - Determination of adhesive rate constant in normal and neoplastic homogeneic cells. AB - The adhesive rate constant (ARC) of neoplastic SGS-2 cells which have a low contact inhibition, is remarkably higher than that of normal homogeneic fibroblasts. This is in contrast with the mutual adhesion theory which states that the loss of contact inhibition is strictly related to the loss of cell recognition and consequently to the loss of cell adhesion capacity. PMID- 7274381 TI - Aging of the erythrocyte. III. Cation content. AB - Studies on the main cation content of density-separated bovine erythrocytes showed a progressive decrease in the levels of K+ and Mg2+ with increasing cell density (and age) accompanied by an increase in the level of Na+. The magnitude of net cation loss corresponded to that of red cell volume decrease, but could not account for the total increase in the microviscosity of the erythrocyte interior. PMID- 7274380 TI - Aging of the erythrocyte. II. Activities of peroxide-detoxifying enzymes. PMID- 7274383 TI - Effect of adrenalectomy on sound-induced seizure susceptibility and intensity in genetically susceptible rats. AB - Neither seizures susceptibility nor intensity was altered by sham-operation or by adrenalectomy in adult rats that are genetically susceptible to sound-induced seizures. Thus, sound-induced seizures in genetically susceptible rats are analogous to those in genetically susceptible mice to the extent that removal of the adrenal glands does not alter established seizure characteristics in either species. PMID- 7274382 TI - Hibernation at moderate temperatures: a continuation of slow wave sleep. AB - Golden-mantled ground squirrels (Citellus lateralis) displayed virtually continuous electrophysiological states of sleep when hibernating at moderate ambient temperatures (22 degrees C). Rapid-eye-movement sleep progressively diminished with the fall in body temperature so that at a body temperature of 23 degrees C it was completely absent. At this temperature hibernation was characterized by slow wave sleep isomorphic with slow wave sleep episodes at non hibernating (euthermic) body temperatures. PMID- 7274384 TI - Lasting effects of acute dehydration and post-weaning undernourishment on cortical spreading depression in adult rats. AB - Acute dehydration (D) early in life made adult rats less susceptible to cortical spreading depression (SD) than control (C) rats. Post weaning undernourished (U) rats tended to be more susceptible than controls. The association of D and U (DU group) made rats more susceptible to SD than U-rats. It is suggested that this association gives rise to a more complex pathological state than that which would result from the summation of the effects of its components. PMID- 7274385 TI - Relationship between glucose absorption and villus height in ageing. PMID- 7274386 TI - Refeeding of mice after fasting stimulates cell renewal in the gall bladder epithelium. AB - The effect of refeeding of mice after a fasting period on the uptake of 3H thymidine and on mitotic activity in the gall bladder epithelium was studied by histoautoradiography. A significant increase in both DNA synthesis a mitotic activity was observed after 12 h of refeeding. PMID- 7274387 TI - A new, rapid and precise method for measuring the intra-cellular water content by gas chromatography and 3H-sucrose. AB - A new rapid method for measuring intra-cellular water content by gas chromatography and an isotopic (3H-sucrose) technique is described. Water content of circulating red cells was revealed to be 71.26 +/- 0.31%. Intra-cellular water content increased to 102.9% of its original value following addition of 3 volumes of acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) to 20 volumes of blood. PMID- 7274388 TI - Electrocorticographic activity induced by gamma hydroxybutyrate in the rat during ontogenesis. AB - GHB at a dose of 200 mg . kg-1 i.p. elicited groups of slow waves with a frequency of 4--5 Hz in both frontal and occipital ECoG leads in adult rats. In 25- an 18-day-old rats similar slow wave activity became continuous and exhibited a clear-cut maximum in the frontal regions. In 15- and 12-day-old animals slow wave activity was also registered in the frontal region but it was organized into short groups of unstable frequency. No ECoG effects of GHB could be found in 9 day-old rats. PMID- 7274389 TI - Placental and fetal contraindications of dexamethasone administration to pregnant rats. AB - Dexamethasone (DEXA) given to pregnant rats for either the last 3 or 6 days of gestation lowered placental, fetal body and adrenal weights. Histologically, DEXA treated placentas appeared smaller than controls and showed signs of necrosis and pyknosis. Treated animals that were permitted to carry their litters to term did not deliver naturally, and most of their fetuses were dead when excised 1 day postmaturely. PMID- 7274390 TI - Effects of clonidine on aortic elastic modulus and aortic stress in anesthetized rabbits. PMID- 7274392 TI - In-vivo soft tissue NMR imaging of the rat thorax and abdomen. PMID- 7274393 TI - 1,2-di-n-butylhydrazine dihydrochloride carcinogenesis in mice. PMID- 7274391 TI - Monoamine oxidase activities in human brain microvessels. AB - Microvessels can be easily isolated from human brain samples obtained at autopsy. Human frontal cortex MAO type A and B activities are similar in microvessel and microvessel-free preparations. In microvessels, enzyme activities and the ratio of MAO type A to type B vary among the areas studied and could selectively regulate the passage of certain amines though the blood vessel wall. PMID- 7274394 TI - Ultrastructural study of patch-graft re-endothelialization. PMID- 7274395 TI - Allogeneic effect on induction of thyroglobulin antibodies and thyroid lesions in mice. PMID- 7274396 TI - Effects of epinephrine on plasma fibrinogen levels in rats submitted to tissue injury. AB - Tissue injury (laparotomy) produces an increase in plasma fibrinogen. This increase is inhibited by the removal of the adrenal medulla, but injection of epinephrine in laparotomized-medullectomized rats returns fibrinogen levels to values similar to those observed in only laparotomized rats. Epinephrine administration to laparotomized rats increases the fibrinogen compared with the group of laparotomized rats without treatment, but epinephrine by itself does not modify plasma fibrinogen levels in uninjured rats. Epinephrine is apparently responsible for the increase of plasma fibrinogen in rats subjected to tissue injury, probably through beta adrenergic stimulation. PMID- 7274398 TI - Changes in gastric parietal cells during prolonged intermittent corticosteroid treatment. AB - Immature A/J mice were treated for up to 7 weeks with intermittent doses of triamcinolone hexacetonide and were thereafter allowed to recover for 7 weeks. Structural examinations and morphological measurements were performed on the parietal cells in the gastric mucosa. By the 3rd injection a significant decrease was noted in the number of the above cells - a feature that lasted throughout the experimental period. In contrast, the diameter of the parietal cells increased. However, following recovery, the latter returned to their normal size. PMID- 7274397 TI - Stimulation of the incorporation of 3H-leucine into proteins by oestradiol in the foetal uterus of the guinea-pig. PMID- 7274399 TI - Researching the family theories of schizophrenia: an exercise in epistemological confusion. AB - some, but not all, of the family theories of schizophrenia entail a shift from the Aristotelian/Cartesian/Newtonian epistemology of individual psychology to a systemic epistemology of pattern. Perhaps the most significant (and underappreciated) aspect of this epistemological shift pertains to etiology: The family theories of schizophrenia espoused by Bateson et al. and by Wynne and Singer do not claim that parents or families cause schizophrenia. The persistent failure of researchers to appreciate this has led to many fruitless studies that have sought to discover a causal link between the thought disorder and communication deviance of parents and the schizophrenia of their offspring. This paper reviews from an epistemological viewpoint the empirical literature that has attempted to assess the validity of the family theories of schizophrenia. Particular attention is given to restating and extending the epistemology of pattern within which schizophrenia occurs. The conventional psychiatric approaches to schizophrenia are shown to play an active role within the schizophrenic pattern. PMID- 7274400 TI - Popularity or influence? The use of citation index to identify leaders in family therapy. AB - Our frequency analysis of most living family therapy theorists using the Social Science Citation Index yielded a definite increase in frequencies over the last ten years and considerable differences in frequencies among various theorists. PMID- 7274401 TI - Lingering terminal illness and family: insights from literature. AB - Literature invites us to enter into the human dilemma in a manner that is different from but no less penetrating than clinical observation. The writer's craft uncovers realities other than the statistically measurable and objective. In languages far from the strictly literal and closer to indirection, symbolism, and aesthetics, the literary artist probes imagination and consciousness. He presents us with transcripts of conversations replete with intonations, and we thereby become privy to motivations and inner thoughts. The artistry of a piece of fiction, autobiographical essay, poem, or drama propels us into empathetic relationships. We feel with the emotions of the involved dramatis personae; we witness their interactions; we experience their points of view. And by such participation, we, the readers, come to perceive and even refine our own. Themes of chronic illness, dying, and bereavement are certainly not alien to literature. This paper explores several literary moments that may help the professional who is working with these issues to have a broader appreciation of the subtleties of these human experiences. PMID- 7274402 TI - A single intervention: a visit to the family. PMID- 7274403 TI - Symptom bearer as marital distance regulator: clinical implications. AB - Certain families experience conflict in regulating their interpersonal distance because they are afraid of separation and intimacy. A couple that lives in the shadow of this double-ended catastrophe may triangle in a "go-between" to bring them together if they get too far apart, or separate them when they are too close. Ambivalence about the couple's relationship predisposes a family member, often an in-law or child, to be recruited to this role. The "go-between" ambivalence then becomes the couple's homeostat, and symptoms are likely to appear in this individual. Implications for family therapy are illustrated through a full-length case study. PMID- 7274404 TI - Multi-level couple therapy: applying a metacommunicational framework of couple interactions. AB - Excerpts from a couple therapy case are cited to illustrate the practical significance of a multi-level framework in understanding couple interactions. The clinical implications of the metacommunicational framework, as a metaphor for examining and understanding relational processes, are discussed. Also, the pragmatics of following "process" at a variety of levels when working with punctuational differences, developing therapy strategies and goals, and measuring the progress of couple therapy are discussed. PMID- 7274406 TI - Convening strategies in family therapy. AB - Specific strategies for assembling or convening significant and often reluctant family members for family therapy seem undeveloped in the literature. The author develops and organizes specific convening methods and exemplifies these methods for clinical application. Methods adopted from strategic family therapists, including Haley, Selvini Palazzoli, and Watzlawick, are presented. PMID- 7274405 TI - The use of time limits in brief psychotherapy: a comparison of six-session, twelve-session, and unlimited treatment with families. AB - This study compared the relative effectiveness of two durations of time-limited psychotherapy with time-unlimited treatment and a waiting list control group. Thirty-seven families applying for treatment at a child guidance clinic were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions: (a) time-limited therapy of 6 sessions within 8 weeks; (b) time-limited therapy of 12 sessions within 16 weeks: (c) time-unlimited therapy; and (d) a waiting list control group in which families waited approximately four months before beginning treatment. Outcome was assessed from multiple sources: parents, child, therapist, family interaction ratings, and missed and canceled sessions. Analysis of data provided some evidence that families who received treatment fared better than those on the waiting list. There were no consistent differences between 6-session, 12-session, and unlimited therapy. A model is proposed for the further investigation of time limited treatment. PMID- 7274407 TI - Distress in clients and significant others: the question of causality. AB - Previous research documenting the association between the level of client disturbance and distress in a significant other has generated two competing causal models. Investigators measuring the level of family burden have suggested that it is the discharged patient who causes distress in the family. Investigators of family factors in patient relapse have suggested that it is the family who disturbs the patient. In this study the relative strengths of these two causal models are compared in a sample of outpatients over a six-month period of time. The data indicate that the significant other is causally predominant in the exacerbation of client disturbance. PMID- 7274408 TI - Expanding uses of the telephone in family therapy. AB - The telephone has been used as an instrument for live supervision. This article describes innovative uses of the telephone by a family therapy training team, including (a) strategic calls to the therapist; (b) calls from the team to family members; (c) calls between family members. Case examples describing the interventions and their impact are given. Both training and therapeutic benefits are discussed. PMID- 7274409 TI - Fluidized bed granulation: scaling-up from pilot to industrial plant. PMID- 7274410 TI - [Effect of surfactants on the in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis of chloramphenicol stearate]. PMID- 7274411 TI - [In vitro study of the partition of drugs in triphasic systems. III. Partition of various benzodiazepines in triphasic water/oil/water systems]. PMID- 7274412 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of paracetamol in plasma. PMID- 7274413 TI - Considerations on analytical results obtained in the determination of C, H, N with an automatic apparatus. PMID- 7274414 TI - [Tissue distribution of carbon-14 following oral administration of 14C-arginine thiazolidinecarboxylate in rats]. PMID- 7274415 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic method of analysis for nicotinic acid in plasma. PMID- 7274416 TI - Uptake of doubly-labelled N-acetyl-L-glutamine in rat brain and intestinal mucosa in vivo. PMID- 7274418 TI - Effect of epomediol on bile flow and composition in normal rats and in rats with ethynylestradiol-induced cholestasis. PMID- 7274417 TI - Rociverine compared with other spasmolytics for cardiovascular effects. PMID- 7274419 TI - [Effects of papaverine on peripheral vascular areas in the dog]. PMID- 7274420 TI - [Simultaneous HPLC analysis of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine and theophylline in pharmaceutical form]. PMID- 7274421 TI - [Effect of pyridoxal-5-phosphate on epileptic activity in the cerebral cortex]. AB - It has been shown in acute experiments on cats that pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PALPh) injected intravenously in doses of 5-20 mg/kg suppresses the epileptic activity in solitary foci caused by penicillin and strychnine local application as well as in the complex of loci created in different zones of the brain cortex. Under the influence of PALPh the complex was destabilized and suppressed, and the epileptic activity first disappeared in the dependent foci and then in a determinant one. It is concluded that PALPh has antiepileptic activity. This effect seems to be more pronounced in the penicillin-induced epileptic foci. PMID- 7274422 TI - [Effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and myocardial pentose cycle enzymes during high altitude hypoxia]. AB - The effect of intraperitoneal administration of sodium hydroxybutyrate on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and on the activity of glucoso-6 phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the cardiac muscle was studied under alpine conditions (3200 m above the sea level). The drug was shown to increase the conjugation of oxidation with phosphorylation, to potentiate the activity of the test enzymes of the pentose cycle in the heart of the animals with one-month long adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia. PMID- 7274423 TI - [Effect of pyrroxan and methylapogalanthamine on cerebral circulation and the brain's oxygen regime]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on anesthetized animals under conditions of stabilized and non-stabilized perfusion pressure in the carotid arteries that effect of pirroksan and methylgalanthamine on the cerebral blood flow depends to a certain measure on changes in general arterial blood pressure. The cerebral blood flow and brain tissue oxygen consumption do not essentially change under the action of pirroksan whereas methylgalanthamine reduces the cerebral blood flow and brain tissue oxygen consumption. A possible mechanism of this effect is suggested. PMID- 7274424 TI - [Effect of potassium orotate and the sodium salt of uridine monophosphate on the development of experimental adrenaline myocardial dystrophy]. AB - The effect of potassium orotate in a dose of 100 mg/kg and sodium uridine monophosphate (UMP) in doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg on the development of adrenaline myocardiodystrophy was studied in experiments on white rats. Preliminary administration of these drugs increases the animals' resistance to the adrenaline-induced necrotic affection of the heart. It has been noted that the animals' survival increased and the cardiac muscle status improved (according to ECG readings, biochemical findings and relative heart weight). Administration of UMP in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg exerted a more pronounced beneficial prophylactic effect as compared with potassium orotate. PMID- 7274425 TI - [Effect of clofeline and apressin on systemic arterial pressure and the tone of cerebral and peripheral vessels]. AB - Resistography was used to demonstrate in acute experiments on anesthetized cats that intravenous injection of clofelin (2,6 and 10 microgram/kg) and apressin (1, 2.5 and 5 microgram/kg) induced a dose-dependent decline in the arterial blood pressure which was not infrequently preceded by short-lived hypertension. Clofelin induced an increase in the tone of cerebral vessels while apressin reduced it. As regards femoral vessels both the drugs produced diverse (sometimes phasic) reactions, with vasodilation being predominant. PMID- 7274426 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone and cholinolytics on the resistance of rat erythrocytes to hypoosmotic hemolysis]. AB - It was shown in experiments in vitro that hydrocortisone, gangleron and benzohexonium at a concentration of 10(-6) M increase the resistance of rat red cells to hypoosmotic hemolysis. Diplacin, d-tubocurarin, methamysil and methacin at the same concentration produce no effect on the resistance. Repeated injections of hydrocortisone to rats decrease the osmotic resistance of red cells, while diplacin and d-tubocurarin increase it. Combined use of hydrocortisone and cholinolytics made it possible to reveal the ability of diplacin and d-tubocurarin to reduce the effect of the steroid on the osmotic resistance of red cells both in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7274429 TI - [Possible role of nucleases in the mechanism of the induction effect of phenobarbital]. AB - A study was made of the effect of phenobarbital on the activity of alkaline DNase and RNase in subcellular fractions of the rat liver. Phenobarbital in a single dose of 80 mg/kg produces a decrease in the activity of enzymes in nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of the rat liver. It is suggested that one of the mechanisms of the inducing action of phenobarbital on protein synthesis by the liver may be an inhibition of the nuclease activity. PMID- 7274428 TI - [Reaction between x-ray contrast media and dyes and hepatocyte plasma membranes]. AB - It has been shown in experiments in vitro that the hepatotrophic organic anions, the radiographic contrast agent (RCA) bilignost used in cholecystography and Bengal pink, have an affinity, unlike the urographic RCA triombrin and renotrophic dye indigo-carmine, for the plasmatic membranes (PM) of liver cells. Hydrophobic interaction has been ascertained to be of primary importance in the course of Bengal pink binding to PM of hepatocytes. PM has a higher capacity for binding Bengal pink as compared to that of lysosomal and microsomal membranes of liver cells. The binding capacity of uterine and renal PM is about 2.5 and 3 times less, respectively than that of liver PM, that is accounted for by differences in the number of binding sites on the membranes with a similar affinity for the dye. The results obtained indicate that PM of liver cells carry specific binding sites responsible for recognition and selective absorption of the hepatotrophic organic anions. PMID- 7274427 TI - [Anti-inflammatory, antitoxic, and hypoazotemic effect of a Stachys recta preparation, stachyrene]. PMID- 7274430 TI - [Effect of piracetam on the body's resistance to hypoxia]. AB - Piracetam increases the animals' resistance to various types of hypoxia: hypoxic (placing of mice into a sealed chamber, switch off of an artificial respiration apparatus in curarized cats), circulatory (ligation of both carotid arteries in rats), and histotoxic (intravenous injection of sodium cyanide to cats). The drug does not exert protective action in cats, rats and mice with hemic hypoxia induced by injection of sodium nitrite. PMID- 7274432 TI - [Simple means of producing a multichannel electrode for microiontophoresis of pharmacologic preparations]. PMID- 7274431 TI - [Oscillographic polarography of the alkaloid dolicotheline and several related imidazole derivatives]. AB - Oscillographic polarography in an alkaline medium has shown that the alkaloid N isovalerylhistamine appears as an expressive wave of the adsorption character in the cathode portion of the curve. This makes it possible to detect it at concentrations up to 10(-6) g/ml. Histamine, histide, isovaleric acid, N acetylhistamine and imidazole produce no such an effect. A definite correlation has been noted between the toxic action of the compounds studied and their behavior on a mercuric drip electrode during oscillographic polarography. In the alkaline medium the neurotoxic compounds manifest themselves by an adsorption wave in the cathode portion of the curve, while the structurally related compounds (not toxic) do not produce such an effect. PMID- 7274433 TI - Chronic treatment with phenytoin in rats: effects of peripheral nervous system. AB - 60 albino Sprague-Dawley female rats, 250 g of body weight, were treated for 6 months with phenytoin 30 mg/100 g/die per os (mean plasma levels: 10-20 gamma/ml). Between 75 and 90 days of treatment motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities were examined along the tail (Miyoshi and Goto, 1973; Fiaschi et al., 1977) in 15 treated animals and in 10 untreated control animals. A slowing of sensory conduction velocity was shown in 6 treated animals (40%); in 2 of them (13%) the motor conduction velocity was also showed. 25 treated rats were controlled with the same neurophysiologic methods after 165-180 days of PHT treatment in comparison with 10 controls; a slowing of sensory conduction velocity was observed in 14 treated rats (56%) and a slowing of motor conduction in 5 of them (20%). The hystological and ultrastructural study carried out on the sciatic nerves of all animals revealed changes of myelinated fibres only in the animals with slowed motor conduction velocity. The non-myelinated fibres were apparently normal. PMID- 7274435 TI - [Pharmacological research on various derivatives of 2H,3H-benzimidazo(1,2, b)oxazole]. PMID- 7274434 TI - [Heterocyclic systems. III. Synthesis and CNS activity of derivatives of pyrrole(2,1-c) (1,4)benzodiazocine]. AB - 5,11-Dioxo-1,2,3,5,6,11,12,12a-octahydropyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4]benzodiazepine and the corresponding 2-hydroxyderivative were prepared by the intramolecular cyclization of 1-(2-aminophenylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2-carboxylic acid and 1-(2 aminophenylacetyl)-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-2-carboxylic acid; some of the tricyclic compounds were tested for neuropsychopharmacological effects. PMID- 7274436 TI - Psoralens in photochemotherapy of skin diseases. PMID- 7274437 TI - Pre-clinical evaluation of new antiproliferative agents for the photochemotherapy of psoriasis: angelicin derivatives. AB - To have, before the clinical evaluation, sufficiently predictive information about the antiproliferative and phototoxic effect of new potential agents for the photochemotherapy of psoriasis some simple tests have been worked out. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated studying the inhibition of DNA synthesis first in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, and then in mouse skin in vivo, both by topical application and oral administration. The phototoxicity was studied by topical application on guinea-pig skin, and for the most interesting compounds also in man. A group of angelicin derivatives, which can photoreact with DNA forming only monofunctional adducts, was submitted to this evaluation; a number of such compounds proved to be very active, practically as active as psoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), two bifunctional furocoumarins capable of inducing both monofunctional adducts and inter-strand cross-links in DNA. Methylangelicins having a marked lipophilic character were only a little more active in inhibiting the epidermal DNA synthesis of mouse when given orally in comparison with topical application, while angelicin derivatives carrying a polar group at the 4' position in the furanic ring were not very active by topical application, but much more effective after systemic administration. These results can be explained supposing a different ability of compounds to penetrate into mouse skin by topical application and the presence of some pharmacokinetic and metabolic factors. Contrary to bifunctional furocoumarins, the angelicin derivatives studied proved to be non-phototoxic on the skin of guinea-pig and also on that of man. PMID- 7274438 TI - Photochemotherapy of skin-diseases: comparative studies on the photochemical and photobiological properties of various mono- and bifunctional agents. AB - The antiproliferative activity of the classic photochemotherapeutic agents, that is bifunctional psoralens (8-methoxypsoralen, 8-MOP; 5-methoxypsoralen, 5-MOP; 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen, TMP) as well as of those more recently proposed, that is, monofunctional furocoumarins (methylangelicins and 3-carbethoxypsoralen, 3 CPs) is ascribed to their capacity to photo-induce lesions in DNA. In this connection while bifunctional agents photo-induce both mono- and bifunctional (inter-strand cross-linkages) damages in the macromolecule both in vitro and in vivo, monofunctional furocoumarins photodamage DNA only through monofunctional lesions. To have a direct and precise comparison between the classic agents (8 MOP, 5-MOP, TMP) and those recently proposed (4,5'-dimethylangelicin, 4,5'-DMA; 3 CPs), we have made a comparative study of the capacity of the various compounds to form the dark complex with DNA as well as of their capacity to induce mono- and bifunctional damages in the macromolecule. A comparative study on the antiproliferative activity in terms of capacity to inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells as well as of the capacity to inhibit epidermal DNA synthesis in mice is also reported. The emerging picture can give a precise comparison in terms of both photobinding to DNA, as well as antiproliferative and skin-phototoxic activities between the classic agents 8-MOP, 5-MOP, TMP and the new monofunctional agents 4,5'-DMA and 3-CPs. PMID- 7274439 TI - A new water soluble derivative of 4,5'-dimethylangelicin as a potential agent for photochemotherapy. AB - A water soluble derivative of 4,5'-dimethylangelicin (I) having a long chain linking an amino group to the planar furocoumarinic moiety, that is 4'-N,N dimethylaminoethoxymethyl-4,5'-dimethylangelicin (III), has been prepared. This compound is able to form effectively the intercalated complex with DNA like the previously prepared 4'-aminomethyl-4,5'-dimethylangelicin (II), however while the compound (II) showed very poor photobinding to DNA, the new derivative (III) shows high photobinding to the macromolecule. It is proposed that these data illustrate the importance of the geometry of intercalation for the subsequent covalent photobinding to the macromolecule. Also some photophysical data of (II) and of (III) appear to confirm the critical role of the position assumed by the chromophore of the two compounds when intercalated in duplex DNA. The compound (III) displays high photobiological effects, also in terms of antiproliferative activity as shown by its capacity to inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis in Ehrlich cells, the growth of an E. coli culture and the infectivity of T2 phage. (III) on the basis of these properties seems to deserve a clinical evaluation of its potential photochemotherapeutic activity in the treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 7274440 TI - Effect of psoralen-induced photodermatitis on tryptophan metabolism in guinea pigs. AB - Tryptophan metabolism after load test, along the kynurenine pathway was studied in guinea pigs, before and during the psoralen-induced photodermatitis. This skin injury, during the acute phase, causes a large increase in urinary excretion of total metabolites and a significant increase of liver tryptophan pyrrolase. PMID- 7274441 TI - 3-Amino- and 3-oxy-derivatives of psoralen: preparation and interactions with DNA. AB - 3-Amino- and 3-oxy-derivatives of psoralen, thus having electron-donating groups at the 3-position of the alpha-pyronic ring, were prepared and studied as regards their capacities of interaction and photoreaction with native DNA in vitro. Very interesting properties were shown especially by the 3-amino-derivatives, namely 3 amino-4'-methylpsoralen and 3-diethylaminoacetylamido-4'-methylpsoralen, having a very high photobinding capacity with DNA and behaving as pure, or fairly pure, monofunctional reagents. These properties appear to be quite suitable for the therapeutic treatment of psoriasis and other skin diseases characterized by an increased reproducing activity of epidermal cells. PMID- 7274442 TI - Drug protein interaction: displacement of albumin bound 8-methoxypsoralen by drugs. AB - The displacement of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) bound to albumin by a number of drugs commonly used in therapy was investigated by equilibrium dialysis, using tritium labelled furocoumarin. Furocoumarin binding was found to be influenced by several compounds. However because of the concentrations of furocoumarin and displacers reached in plasma, only tolbutamide could modify the 8-MOP binding to a pharmacokinetically significant extent. PMID- 7274443 TI - Photoreaction between 4,7-dimethylallopsoralen and DNA: isolation of a fluorescent cycloadduct between the furocoumarin and thymine. AB - A new fluorescent adduct has been isolated from the products of hydrolysis of DNA irradiated in the presence of 4,7-dimethylallopsoralen. The close similarity of the U.V. absorption spectrum of this compound to that of a synthetic 4',5' dihydroallopsoralen shows that the 4',5'- double bond initially present in the 4,7-dimethylallopsoralen was saturated in the photoreaction with DNA, and this is consistent with a C4 cycloaddition at this level. The irradiation of the photoadduct at 254 nm provoked its photodissociation into the parent compounds, that is, thymine and 4,7-dimethylallopsoralen. These data are consistent with a cycloadduct between the 4',5'- double bond of 4,7-dimethnylallopsoralen and the 5,6- double bond of thymine. PMID- 7274444 TI - Substituted 4,7-dihydroxyindoles and related quinonoid derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. AB - The antimicrobial activity of some 4,7-dihydroxyindole derivatives and indole-4,7 quinones was examined by determining the MIC against selected typical microorganisms (bacteria and fungi). A few of the compounds examined showed only a feeble inhibitory effect against some Gram-positive strains. Activity seems to be correlated with the lipophilic character of the molecules; in fact, all compounds containing a strong hydrophilic group, like a carboxyl, proved completely inactive. PMID- 7274445 TI - Carbomethoxy-derivatives of psoralen: interactions with DNA and photobiological properties. AB - The dark and photochemical interactions with DNA in vitro as well as the photobiological properties of two psoralen derivatives having a carbomethoxy group inserted in 3 or 5' position of the furocoumarin nucleus were studied. 3 Carbomethoxy-4',8-dimethylpsoralen photoreacts with DNA in vitro to a very small extent and, as a consequence, it appears to be photobiologically ineffective. On the contrary, 5'-carbomethoxy-4,8-dimethylpsoralen appears very interesting, showing a photobinding and cross-linking capacity with DNA in vitro higher than that of 8-MOP. A similarly higher photobiological activity was also demonstrated, with respect to this reference compound, in experiments on inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, and on the killing of bacteria and of T2 bacteriophage. Finally, this compound inhibited the tumor transmitting capacity of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. PMID- 7274446 TI - Photochemical and photobiological properties of 4,5'-dimethylpsoralen, a bifunctional contaminant of synthetic 4,5'-dimethylangelicin. AB - 4,5'-Dimethylpsoralen, a bifunctional furocoumarin, can be formed as an impurity in the synthesis of its angular isomer, that is 4,5'-dimethylangelicin; the latter has recently been proposed as a potential monofunctional agent for photochemotherapy. To have precise information on the possible modifications of the photochemical and photobiological properties of synthetic 4,5' dimethylangelicin caused by the presence of its linear isomer, we have studied the interactions of the latter with DNA in both the ground and the excited state and its photobiological activity. 4,5'-Dimethylpsoralen photobinds much more effectively to DNA than its angular isomer and is capable to form effectively inter-strand cross-linkages in DNA while dimethylangelicin is unable to form these bifunctional adducts in DNA. Dimethylpsoralen shows a strong skin phototoxicity while angelicin lacks this activity. Moreover the antiproliferative activity of the psoralen derivative in terms of DNA synthesis inhibition in Ehrlich cells and of inhibition of infectivity of T2 phages, is about four times higher than that of the angular isomer. These data stress the necessity of the absence of the isomeric linear furocoumarin in the synthetic 4,5' dimethylangelicin because its presence can markedly modify the photobiological and phototherapeutic properties of the angelicin derivative. PMID- 7274447 TI - [Durene derivates. IV. N-((2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzoyl)alkyl)imidazoles and N ((beta-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)-beta-hydroxy)ethyl)imidazoles with anticonvulsant activity]. AB - A series of N-[(2,3,4,6-tetramethylbenzoyl)alkyl]imidazoles and of N-([beta (2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)-beta-hydroxy]ethyl)imidazoles has been synthesized. All compounds were tested in mice for anticonvulsant activity against electroshock and pentylenetetrazole convulsions. These durene-derivatives showed good activity, whereas the corresponding benzene-derivatives were inactive. PMID- 7274448 TI - UDP-glucose effect on phrenic diaphragm preparation of the rat. AB - The effects of uridine-5'-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) on the contractile response of the phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation and on carbohydrate metabolism in the diaphragmatic muscle were studied in the rat. In the preparations obtained form rats, the contracturant action of UDPG, previously observed in guinea-pig preparations, was thus confirmed. This action was compared with those of uridine, UMP and UDP. Uridine alone was ineffective, while the higher concentration of both UMP and UDP induced a contracture comparable with that shown for the lower concentration of UDPG. This indicates that the action of UDPG is partially related at least to one phosphate-group into its molecular structure. In addition, several substrates and intermediates related to carbohydrate metabolism (glycogen, glucose, glucose-6-phosphate) were measured in the diaphragm, their concentrations proving unaffected by UDPG perfusion. PMID- 7274451 TI - Identification of a second binding region on rabbit skeletal troponin-T for alpha tropomyosin. PMID- 7274449 TI - [Radioprotective agents derived from 1,3-perhydrothiazine]. PMID- 7274450 TI - Peroxisomal respiration and energy conservation. Possible relationships between heat production, thermoosmosis and conformational changes. PMID- 7274452 TI - Further studies on subunit III of bovine procarboxypeptidase A. Structure and reactivity of the weakly functional active site. PMID- 7274453 TI - Purification of a phosphate carrier in pig heart mitochondria by affinity chromatography on mersalyl-ultrogel. PMID- 7274454 TI - A novel location for two enzymes of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in trypanosomes and Leishmania. PMID- 7274456 TI - Heterogeneity of nucleosomes in genetically inactive cells. PMID- 7274455 TI - Reversal of heparin inhibition of nuclear protein kinase NII by polyamines and histones. PMID- 7274457 TI - Isolation and characterization of a gamma 1-melanotropin-like peptide from bovine neurointermediate pituitary. PMID- 7274458 TI - Potential use of glycosphingolipids of human meconium for blood group chemotyping of single individuals. PMID- 7274459 TI - Heparin-bound lipoprotein lipase is catalytically active and can be stimulated by apolipoprotein CII. PMID- 7274460 TI - Non-enzymatic glycosylation of human serum lipoproteins. Elevated epsilon-lysine glycosylated low density lipoprotein in diabetic patients. PMID- 7274461 TI - 31 P NMR spectroscopy of phorbol-myristate-acetate stimulated polymorphonuclear human leukocytes. PMID- 7274462 TI - Binding of hydrophobic ligands to spectrin. PMID- 7274463 TI - A reptilian neurohypophysial hormone, mesotocin (Ile8-Oxytocin), in Australian marsupials. PMID- 7274464 TI - The nucleotide sequence of sheep liver histidine-tRNA (anticodon Q-U-G). PMID- 7274466 TI - H NMR studies of Tyr-237 of lactate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7274465 TI - Consensus sequence of mouse satellite DNA indicates it is derived from tandem 116 basepair repeats. PMID- 7274467 TI - Methane formation from the reactions of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen atoms with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). PMID- 7274468 TI - Initiation of protein synthesis in neuroblastoma cells infected by Semliki Forest Virus. A decreased requirement of late viral mRNA for eIF-4B and cap binding protein. PMID- 7274469 TI - Enhancement of phospholipid methylation in cultured hamster cells by viral transformation. PMID- 7274470 TI - Chemical structure of ethidium bromide metabolites extracted from rat bile. PMID- 7274471 TI - Degradation of abnormal proteins in growing and in quiescent fibroblasts in culture. PMID- 7274472 TI - On the primary and tertiary structure of relaxin from the sand tiger shark (Odontaspis taurus). PMID- 7274473 TI - Human adaptability approach to nutritional assessment: a Bolivian example. AB - Recent interest in the functional correlates of mild to moderate malnutrition has provided an opportunity for anthropologists to collaborate in research with nutritional scientists. Physical anthropological studies of human adaptability have developed the methodology and theory to examine the importance of general and specific functional areas of individual and population adaptations. This anthropological approach to human adaptability corresponds well with the functional approach to nutritional sciences. Examples are presented from recent physical anthropological research on high-altitude adaptation to demonstrate how this integration of disciplinary methodology can contribute to a better understanding of human nutritional status. The functional areas of child growth and female reproductive performance are examined in relation to the multistress environment of the Peruvian-Bolivian high Andes. Knowledge of how nutritional variation affects the adaptability of high-altitude populations provides a better basis for the identification of protein-energy malnutrition during childhood and iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. PMID- 7274474 TI - Physical growth and development and nutritional status: epidemiological considerations. AB - The analysis of growth and development provides the researcher with a valuable tool with which to study the nutritional status of populations. Studies of the growth of children from a 1-year birth cohort from a southern Mexican village indicate that growth is an acceptable indicator of chronic protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Furthermore, analysis of the body size of the parents of the children with chronic PEM indicates that the parents themselves were most likely chronically malnourished during their development. The linear and lateral dimensions of parents, but not the measures of their body composition, may be acceptable indicators of the risk of malnutrition in their children, based on the analysis of sensitivity and specificity. PMID- 7274475 TI - Anthropology and nutrition: a perspective on two scientific subcultures. AB - In the last several years serious collaborative efforts between nutrition scientists and anthropologists have begun to bear fruit. To encourage the development of such collaboration, it is useful to consider the professional scientific subcultures of each discipline and how these condition the ways in which we view research problems and methodology. Anthropologists and nutrition scientists share many values and assumptions by virtue of common membership in the larger culture and in the subculture of science. There are substantial differences, however, many of them rooted in the fact that anthropology is primarily an observational science while nutritional science has been primarily experimental in nature. Successful collaboration will result from the formation of long-term communicative relationships rather than from ad hoc utilization of the other discipline. We offer some suggestions for how this may occur, and submit that understanding our own professional subcultures is essential to interdisciplinary efforts. PMID- 7274476 TI - Integrating ethnographic research with nutrition studies. AB - A major methodological problem is dietary intake research is the specification of an adequate sampling design. Ethnographic research provides the investigator with essential data for more effective research design by establishing sources of temporal variation in food intake and by identifying significant consumption settings and main sociocultural characteristics affecting intracommunity differences in foot intake. A checklist of sources of temporal variation commonly found in various societies is presented as a guide for ethnographic work. Other uses of ethnography to improve dietary intake methodology are the identification of culturally and socially sensitive aspects of food use and the provision of background information for the interpretation of research results. PMID- 7274477 TI - Diet as adaptation: the search for nutritional strategies. AB - This paper addresses two important methodological problems in the study of diet and nutrition. These are 1) the problems of looking at individual variations in diet within a system of shared dietary norms, and 2) the difficulties in organizing the collection and analysis of data on the circumstances that account for individual differences in diet. It is suggested that an environment provides several alternatives for meeting nutrient requirements, corresponding to alternative methods of food getting. These alternatives are called "nutritional strategies." The environment, including both its physical and social aspects, also imposes constraints on the ability of families to follow particular nutritional strategies. a family's strategy depends on its ability and desire to exploit particular methods of food getting. Data from a small agricultural community in Mexico are used to illustrate this approach. Several alternative strategies are outlined and are seen to be based on differential use of food potentially available to families from 1) subsistence agriculture; 2) purchase; and 3) gathering of wild foods. A focus on alternative nutritional strategies emphasizes the importance of dietary variation, which, at the same time, allows for an understanding of the effects of different variables on food choice. PMID- 7274478 TI - [Responses of parietal cortex neurons during the process of sleep onset in the cat]. AB - Neuronal responses in the cat parietal cortex to stimulation of thalamic radiation during transition from wakefulness to slow-wave sleep revealed a complex dynamics: the cyclic nature of responses at early sleep stages became more obvious with the enhancement of activity (during the "sleep spindles"); in subsequent stages inhibitory components prevailed. Three types of neurons with different response dynamics were revealed, the differences being due to their functional and hierarchical characteristics. PMID- 7274480 TI - [Modeling the decision process on stress in a 4-syllable speech-like sequence]. PMID- 7274479 TI - [Dopamine concentration in the nigro-striatal system during elaboration and performance of conditioned avoidance reactions of various complexity in rats]. AB - Experiments in rats revealed that complication of the avoidance conditioning induced a concomitant increase of the dopamine content in the striatum. The dopamine content changes were biphasic in the subst. nigra; its increase in the unilateral avoidance shifted to a decrease in the bilateral avoidance conditioning. Actualization of both simple and complicated avoidance responses was followed by a similar increase of the dopamine content in the striatum. PMID- 7274482 TI - [Selectivity of trace reactions of medial geniculate neurons to the rate of simulated movement of a sound source in the cat]. AB - 33 out of 90 neurons of the cat medial geniculate body revealed the selectivity of their afterdischarges to movement of sound when velocity of the movement changed from 30 to 180 deg/s. There was a specific velocity of the movement for each neuron. 76% of the neurons preferred the movement of 45--90 deg/s. 9 neurons had a periodic character of responses. The selective afterdischarges occurred in 39% of dorsal neurons and in 39% of ventral ones. The afterdischarges can be dependent on the direction of sound source movement, too. PMID- 7274483 TI - [Perception of the angular velocity of a sound pattern while changing interaural differences in intensity]. PMID- 7274481 TI - [Morpho-functional changes in the frog sartorius muscle fibers during the winter]. AB - The electrical characteristics, sensitivity to acetylcholine, structure of nerve terminals and SDH activity were studied in the fibers of frog's m. sartorius in winter and summer. The resting MP of muscle fibers remains unchanged through the year but passive electrical characteristics of muscle electrogenic membrane were changed. Sensitivity to acetylcholine increased two-fold in winter. Silver method revealed some degenerative signs in the neuro-muscular junctions during winter. PMID- 7274484 TI - [Evaluation of blood flow heterogeneity in the limbs of dogs by hydrogen clearance in venous blood]. AB - On the basis of Fick's principle, concept of the tissue blood flow heterogeneity and H2 concentration changes in arterial blood after short-term hydrogen inhalation, a method of calculating some blood flow indices in the limbs by H2 content desaturation changes in venous blood was developed. The suggested method allows to calculate the mean regional flow rate, its compartmentation, and blood flow/tissue volume ratio for the measured components of the regional blood flow. In the limb tissue of anesthetized dogs, two components of the blood flow with the rates 0.79 +/- 0.07 and 0.12 +/- 0.01 were measured, their mean rate being 0.16 +/- 0.01 ml/min. g. The share of the "slow" component in total blood flow and tissue volume was 70 +/- 3 and 93 +/- 1 per cent respectively. PMID- 7274485 TI - [Changes in respiration following trigeminal nerve block in decerebrate cats]. AB - The intracranial blockade of trigeminal nerves increased the lung ventilation (VI) by 11% and decreased the duration of expiration (TE) by 19% in tracheal respiration. With trigeminal nerves intact, the transition from tracheal to nasal respiration was accompanied by decrease of the tidal volume (VT) by 17%; of the respiratory frequency by 10% and of the V by 26%. These changes seem to originate from stimulation of nasal cavity receptors by airflows. The data obtained suggest that afferent impulses in trigeminal nerves cause a decrease in sensitivity of the respiratory center to CO2 and augmentation of the TE. In quiet breathing, influences of the trigeminal impulses are weaker than those of the vagus, but stronger than in the afferents from chest wall mechanoreceptors. PMID- 7274486 TI - [Afferent discharges in the autonomic nerves of the stomach after stimulating secretion and administering thyrotropin, prednisolone, and vasopressin]. PMID- 7274487 TI - [Ability of the pyloric sphincter to restrict passage of solid particles in different kinds of food out of the stomach]. PMID- 7274488 TI - [Lethal and neutral temperature of a helium-oxygen atmosphere for rabbits in the presence of elevated atmospheric pressure]. AB - The 5 to 20-day stay of the rabbits in helio-oxygen medium at the pressure of 3534 kPa revealed a linear interrelationship between the temperature 297-302 K and oxygen consumption. At the low lethal temperature of 294 K rabbits perished within 24 hrs due to growing hypothermia. At the neutral temperature 302 K the respiratory heat loss constitutes 30-38% of the basal metabolism, heat loss from the skin surface decreases. The hyperbaric medium seems to have no thermoneutral zone adequate to air by its physiological effect. PMID- 7274489 TI - [Analysis of the effect of ouabain on sodium transport in tissue systems]. PMID- 7274490 TI - [Role of temperature factors in plethysmography studies]. PMID- 7274491 TI - Growth of normal and tumour haemopoietic cells on glass coverslips in peritoneal cavity of mice. II. Immunological identification of bone marrow colony-forming cells. AB - The effect of rabbit anti-mouse brain serum and monospecific antibodies to an antigen of erythroblasts, Ag-Eb, on cells forming haemopoietic colonies on glass coverslips was studied. These colonies developed on the fibroblast-macrophage layer formed on glass coverslips which had been inserted into the peritoneal cavity of mice. when bone marrow cell suspensions were treated with RAMBS and the complement, or with anti-Ag-Eb antibodies plus complement, the CFU-GC colony forming ability remained unaffected. In the examined cell suspensions, RAMBS inactivated 44% of CFU-S. When bone marrow cell suspensions were treated with anti-Ag-Eb antibodies, the number of immature erythroid cells was reduced to 75%. The CFU-GC are presumed to resemble the committed (unipotent) haemopoietic progenitor cells. PMID- 7274492 TI - Factors influencing the results of transfers of rabbit embryos stored at -196 degrees C. AB - Rabbit embryos at the 8-cell and morula stages were frozen and stored at -196 degrees C for 2-200 days. After thawing the embryos were examined for their viability in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, 62.5% of frozen 8-cell embryos and 81.4% of frozen morulae developed to blastocysts. In the control group of unfrozen embryos, 93.2% 8-cell embryos and 92.4% morulae developed to the blastocyst stage. Culture permitted a more reliable elimination of the embryos damaged during freezing and thawing. Embryos were transferred into the reproductive tracts of the recipients either directly after thawing or after 24 h in culture. Synchronous transfers of frozen rabbit embryos were not successful. After asynchronous transfers of morulae and blastocysts into the oviducts, implantation was 31.8% and 42.9%, respectively. After transfer of blastocysts into the uterine horns of the recipients, 47.6% embryos implanted. PMID- 7274493 TI - Termination of tolerance to human serum albumin in chickens by adoptive transfers of spleen cells. PMID- 7274494 TI - On the mechanism of intercellular adhesion. AB - Using a 2 X 2 design, the collection rates of cells from radioactively labelled single-cell suspension on cell-coated collecting surfaces were tested for a possible H-2 effect on intercellular adhesiveness. In five donor-host combinations differing in the H-2 complex, no straight advantage of syngeneic over allogeneic relationship could unequivocally be proved. Trypsin was deliberately omitted in preparing the single-cell suspension; it was shown that the cell suspension processed in this way affected the mechanism of intercellular adhesiveness to a degree at least comparable to the role played by the properties of the collecting layer cells. PMID- 7274495 TI - [Penetration kinetic of urea in human skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274496 TI - [Alcoholic reversible azoospermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274497 TI - [Selective ultraviolet-phototherapy (SUP) in psoriasis, especially in exanthematic eruptions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274499 TI - [Dermatological aspects in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274498 TI - [Combined treatment of herpes zoster using microwaves, ultrasonics, vitamins and antiseptics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274502 TI - [The behaviour of the immunoglobulines IgG, IgA, IgM as well as of the C-reactive protein in case of melanoma]. PMID- 7274500 TI - [Study of hair growth dynamics in some collagenoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274501 TI - [The HLA system and nevobasaliomatosis (Gorlin-Goltz syndrome)]. PMID- 7274503 TI - [Incidence and relevance of para-group allergy in hospitalized patients in Budapest in 1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274504 TI - [Sperm motility as a diagnostic aid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274505 TI - Nonspecific hypersensitivity of the skin. AB - Hairless albino mice have been used to test the hypothesis of circulating mediators originating from extensive dermatitis, which might be responsible for 'false'-positive patch tests and non specific hypersensitivity. Two open patch tests with 2 or 3% phenol solution were placed on one flank at an interval of 10 days. 48 h before the second application, part of the mice received an intermediate 10% phenol solution on the opposite flank. The remaining animals served as controls. In general, intermediately treated animals showed a more pronounced reaction to the second patch test as compared to the first test, i.e., a larger granulocytic infiltrate, more extensive epithelial lesions and a elevated erythematous wall. In 6 of the 22 animals, the difference was very striking. In controls, only modest differences were observed. These findings favor the hypothesis that mediators of inflammation present in the circulation strengthen the effect of weak skin irritants. PMID- 7274506 TI - Hypereosinophilic dermatitis. A distinct manifestation of the hypereosinophilic syndrome with response to dapsone. PMID- 7274507 TI - [Three cases of lichen nitidus in black people (author's transl)]. AB - Report of 3 cases of lichen nitidus in black people. The last publications and our observations allow us to confirm that this affection occurs as frequently in white as in black people but is recognised more easily in black people in whom it takes a characteristic depigmented aspect. The relationship between lichen nitidus and lichen planus is briefly discussed. PMID- 7274508 TI - [Penicillamine-induced dermolytic dermatosis in a patient with Wilson's disease (author's transl)]. AB - A 29-year-old female patient developed a dermolytic dermatosis after 2 years' treatment with penicillamine for Wilson's disease. The skin lesions were localized on skin areas exposed to trauma. Light and electron microscopic investigations showed alterations of all compartments of connective tissue. Patients under long-term high-dose treatment with penicillamine should be closely monitored for cutaneous and systemic connective tissue disease. PMID- 7274509 TI - [Bilateral symmetrical porokeratosis of Mibelli of the lips (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274510 TI - [Localized acantholytic dyskeratosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274513 TI - Generalized acanthosis nigricans. AB - A patient suffering from an advanced and inoperable gastric carcinoma developed an unusual paraneoplastic syndrome, consisting of intensive pruritus, acanthosis nigricans, sign of Leser-Trelat (seborrhoic keratoses and freckles), warty and papillomatous excrescences, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and florid papillomatous and granular lesions of the mouth mucosa. The whole skin of the patient was involved. The authors believe this disorder to be generalized acanthosis nigricans. As a cause they suggest the possibility of a growth-stimulating factor, produced by the tumor cells. The relationship of acanthosis nigricans with the sign of Leser-Trelat is discussed. PMID- 7274515 TI - Earliest clinical and histological changes in psoriasis. AB - Studies were performed in 89 patients with active psoriasis and in 10 normal volunteers. Areas of uninvolved skin of 10 x 10 cm in size were demarcated and closely observed for 14 days. In 54 patients with psoriasis, there developed very fine, erythematous papules almost skin level (with no scaling of the surface), which changed in the course of observation into typical pinpoint papules. Histological and histochemical studies of these finest changes, referred to as prepinpoint papules, revealed fairly abundant infiltrates composed in a large part of polymorphonuclears. The cells penetrated into the epidermis forming focally small accumulations in the stratum corneum. The granular layer became atrophied or blurred, the stratum corneum was orthokeratotic and there was no epidermal proliferation, i.e. no psoriatic features. Immunofluorescence studies showed in about 50% of prepinpoint papules in vivo fixed immunoglobulins, and in 20% of them also complement. The studies point to the role of polymorphonuclears in the earliest stages of the development of psoriatic lesions. PMID- 7274511 TI - [Oral photochemotherapy in the treatment of parapsoriasis guttata (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274514 TI - [Homocystinuria. Histological and ultrastructural study. Report of a case (author's transl)]. AB - The histological and ultrastructural appearance of the skin is reported in a case of homocystinuria. By optical microscopy, the collagen fibers appear granulose and non fascicular in the superficial dermis; in the deeper layers they are rare; the elastic network of the medium and lower dermis is thick and disrupted. Electron microscopically, some fibroblasts exhibit large autophagic vacuoles; the collagen fibers are normal while the elastic fibers are broken and dense; the dermal capillaries are normal. Vitamin B6 has shown its action by recoloring the patient's hair. PMID- 7274512 TI - [Desmoid tumor - transformation into fibrosarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - Report of a case of aggressive musculo-aponeurotic fibromatosis in a 14-year-old girl with transformation into fibrosarcoma, 10 years later. The tumoral mass initiated its growth in the nuchal region but finally invaded both the cervical and the right retroscapular region. Evidence for muscular, osseous and neurological invasion and destruction was found. The tumor could be controlled neither by surgery, nor by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This case report is studied in the light of cases reported in the literature. PMID- 7274516 TI - Histopathology of the saburral tongue. AB - Optical microscopical studies were carried out on biopsies from 22 patients affected by saburral tongue (ST). The histopathological pattern consisted of a papillomatous acanthosis covered with a very thick horny layer. Abundant colonies of banal germs were seen in the keratin. There was an alternation of suprapapillary orthokeratosis and interpapillary parakeratosis. Under the keratin layer all the keratinocytes were large and clear with a glycogen-filled cytoplasm. Two specimens, studied with a transmission electron microscope, only showed that the keratinocytes were filled with glycogen. The clear glycogen filled epithelial cells are common either in normal lingual epithelium or in some pathological conditions. The microscopic field of ST is quite similar to that of the hairy black tongue; but these peculiar clinical aspects of the tongue do not evolve one through the other. PMID- 7274517 TI - [Pemphigus vulgaris and Kaposi sarcoma. Report of a new case (author's transl)]. AB - The occurrence of a Kaposi sarcoma during the course of a therapy for a pemphigus vulgaris is reported. Only five such associations have been previously described in the literature. On the other hand, several works have reported simultaneous occurrence of a Kaposi sarcoma with anomalies of the immune or lymphoid systems (lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, Waldenstrom disease, mycosis fongoides. Hypothesis concerning the Kaposi sarcoma genesis can be suggested on the basis of these observations and remain to be confirmed. PMID- 7274519 TI - Epidemiological survey of skin diseases in schoolchildren living in the Purus Valley (Acre State, Amazonia, Brazil). AB - A total of 9,955 schoolchildren aged 6-16 years have been examined in a tropical region. The prevalence of dermatosis varied from 21 to 87% in the municipalities surveyed. The most common dermatoses were pediculosis (prevalence 50%), nevi (16.8%), pityriasis versicolor (13.2%), pyoderma (12.2%), pityriasis alba (9.9%), dermatophytosis (6.2%), viral dermatosis (6.2%), scabies (3.0%) and acne vulgaris (2.7%). The prevalence of angular stomatitis, miliaria rubra, candidiasis, piedra nigra, keratosis pilaris, ephelides and geographic tongue is lower but still relatively high. Females had higher rates of pediculosis capitis and males higher prevalence of pityriasis alba. The prevalence of pityriasis versicolor, pigmented nevus and scabies was similar in males and females. Folliculitis, macular pigmented nevi and especially pityriasis versicolor tended to increase with age. Leprosy is hyperendemic in the surveyed area and its rate in the schoolchildren examined was 0.08%. Population movement (urbanization), socioeconomic situation, living conditions, promiscuity, and lack of hygiene may be the cause of such high prevalence and of association of two or more skin conditions. Climatic conditions might have enhanced the prevalence of certain dermatoses (pityriasis versicolor, dermatophytosis, piedra nigra, candidiasis, miliaria rubra). PMID- 7274518 TI - [Therapeutic experiments on the hamster melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274520 TI - [Pseudopyogenic granuloma of the ear. Report of case and comments]. AB - The authors have recently come across a female patient with pseudo-pyogenic granuloma and have taken this opportunity to recall the clinical and histological features of this disease which was described in 1969 by Wilson Jones and Bleehein. In this connection, they have studied the relationship of this disease with similar entities, i.e. subcutaneous angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (described by Wells and Whinster in 1969) on the one hand and kimura's disease (described by Kimura in 1948) on the other hand. Whereas subcutaneous angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia seems to be an evolutive form developing from pseudopyogenic granuloma, Kimura's disease differs from it clinically and histologically and is considered as a borderline form. PMID- 7274521 TI - Lymphoid organs of teleost fish. I. Ultrastructure of the thymus of Rutilus rutilus. PMID- 7274522 TI - Development of amphibian thymus. II. Sequential occurence of two epithelial cell types in the urodele Pleurodeles waltlii. PMID- 7274523 TI - A giant cell with dendritic cell properties in spleens of the anuran amphibian Xenopus laevis. PMID- 7274524 TI - Cross-protection against fowl typhoid. II. Hypersensitivity reactions and quantitative estimation of the elimination of the challenge organisms. PMID- 7274525 TI - The effect of the thyroidal state on the immunological state of the chicken. PMID- 7274526 TI - Comparative immunology - whither thou goest, will we follow? PMID- 7274527 TI - Comparative studies on a heat-stable cholesterol-binding protein in dental cyst fluid and serum. PMID- 7274528 TI - Further studies on lipid intermediates in glycoprotein synthesis during rat liver regeneration. PMID- 7274529 TI - Heterogeneity of S-100 protein: comparison of bovine and guinea-pig S-100 proteins. PMID- 7274530 TI - Red cell modifications in cholesterol-fed rabbits. PMID- 7274531 TI - Separation and properties of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases A, B and I from horse brain. PMID- 7274532 TI - Comparative studies on pancreas chromatin proteins: species specificity and behaviour during rat pancreas regeneration. PMID- 7274533 TI - Isolation by preparative electrophoresis and characterization of histone P3 from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 7274534 TI - Hydro- and thermodynamic properties of bovine heart AMP-deaminase. PMID- 7274535 TI - In vitro modification of cholesterol/phospholipid ratio of enterocytes brush border membrane and its effect on L-leucine accumulation. PMID- 7274536 TI - The role of citrate derived from glucose in the acetylcholine synthesis in rat brain synaptosomes. PMID- 7274537 TI - Impaired microtubule assembly in brain from zinc-deficient pigs and rats. PMID- 7274539 TI - In vivo and in vitro synthesis of some serum peptides. PMID- 7274540 TI - An electrophoretic comparison of non-histone proteins from rat liver total chromatin and chromatin depleted of 0.35 M NaCl soluble proteins. PMID- 7274541 TI - Altering erythrocyte membrane composition with phospholipid exchange protein. PMID- 7274538 TI - Regulation of a soluble intestinal glycoprotein: fucosyl-transferase by fatty acids in vitro. PMID- 7274542 TI - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and its lipid A component: some historical and some current aspects. PMID- 7274543 TI - Current concepts of molecular organization in cell membranes. PMID- 7274544 TI - The structure and function of pyruvate kinase. PMID- 7274545 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies on energy metabolism in intact mammalian tissue. PMID- 7274546 TI - Legal trends and issues in voluntary sterilization. AB - Legal barriers to voluntary sterilization are falling. In both developing and developed countries, new legislation, court decisions, government policy statements, and ministerial regulations increasingly leave the decision whether to be sterilized to the individuals involved rather than to medical experts or government officials. These legal changes confirm that voluntary sterilization is an acceptable means of fertility regulation and a legitimate medical procedure; it is no longer seen as physical mutilation to be condemned in the criminal codes. Nevertheless, barriers still exist in some countries that make it difficult for poor and rural populations to obtain voluntary sterilization. These obstacles arise when voluntary sterilization is excluded from national health and family planning programs and from private insurance plans. Changes in voluntary sterilization law reflect increasing choice of this method of fertility control. Over the last decade voluntary sterilization has become the most widely used means of family planning in the world. Approximately 100 million couples now are protected from unwanted pregnancy by voluntary sterilization. This amounts to one eighth of the world's couples and one-third of all those practicing contraception. Almost half of these couples are in China. Voluntary sterilization is most prevalent in countries where the procedure has been clearly legal for a number of years. But now it is also becoming more common in countries like Brazil, where the legal status has been less clear. PMID- 7274547 TI - Purification and kinetic properties of the soluble Mn2+-dependent adenylyl cyclase of the rat testis. AB - The soluble Mn2+-dependent adenylyl cyclase (AC) of the rat testis was purified 1500-fold with some 19% yield of the initial activity. These results were accomplished by conventional separation techniques including (NH4)2SO4 precipitation of testis cytosol (106 000 x g), gel filtration (Sephadex G-200) and ion-exchange chromatography (Sephadex DEAE-A50) followed by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. Analysis by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of aliquots from each purification step revealed the following. (a) The Mn2+-dependent AC migrated with a Rf value of 0.40 irrespective of the degree of purification. (2) The AC peak from the isoelectric focusing column separated into 2 major protein bands; however, only one band (Rf 0.40) had AC activity. The molecular weight emerging from the position of migration on the Sephadex G-200 and G-100 columns appeared to be consistent at 47 000-48 000 D, as estimated from the relationship log MW versus elution volume. The purified enzyme fulfilled the requirements for a simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an apparent Km for Mn2+ and MnATP2- of 6.7 and 2.5 mM, respectively. Varying the concentrations of ATP or Mn2+ separately did not alter the apparent affinity (Kmapp) for the other parameter. These and previous data from our laboratory show that the physico-chemical and kinetic properties (molecular weight and Kmapp for Mn2+ and MnATP2-) do not alter during purification. Furthermore, the additional step of affinity chromatography seems obligatory if a homogeneous AC preparation is to be obtained. PMID- 7274548 TI - Morphometry of nuclear pore complexes in thyroid cells during hyperplasia and involution. AB - Nuclear pore complexes were analyzed in freeze-fractured replicas of thyroid follicular cells of C3H mice in different physiological states. Thyroid stimulation induced a rapid and simultaneous increase of the nuclear surface and volume and of the total number of pore complexes. The numerical density (Na) of pore complexes increased at the 6th day of stimulation, but after that time the proportion of cells with an increased Na was always higher than the proportion of 3H-labelled nuclei. During thyroid involution, all the nuclear parameters, including the Na, returned to normal values. These results indicate that the total number of pore complexes and their Na are correlated with the cellular activity rather than with the cell cycle. They also suggest that 2 different mechanisms are involved in the generation of pore complexes: first, an addition of new membranes with a low density of pore complexes; later, a formation of new pore complexes in preexisting membranes. However, during involution, parts of the nuclear membranes and pore complexes in the remaining parts disappear synchronously. In freeze-fractured thyroid nuclear membranes, 2 neighbouring pore complexes were always separated by a distance of 105 nm. Clusters of pore complexes were not observed. A comparison of the distances between pore complexes and between randomly generated points never showed any significant differences indicating that pore complexes were randomly distributed. PMID- 7274551 TI - Standardization of albumin, plasma substitutes and plasmapheresis: proceedings of a symposium organized by the International Association of Biological Standardization and held at the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, November 10-12, 1980. PMID- 7274549 TI - Human urinary insulin-potentiating peptide: immunological evidence for the absence of the human growth hormone amino terminal sequence, Phe-Pro-Thr-Ile-Pro . AB - The immunological reactivities of synthetic partial sequences of human growth hormone (hGH) and of an insulin-potentiating peptide isolated from human urine were studied using an antiserum raised against a synthetic hGH analogue [beta Ala13]hGH(1-15). This antiserum contained antibodies directed mainly against a determinant in the sequence hGH(1-5). It was found that synthetic peptides containing the sequence Phe-Pro-Thr-Ile-Pro- (residues 1-5 of hGH) were immunologically active. Of the biologically active peptides studied, the synthetic peptide hGH(6-13) was virtually inactive and the urinary peptide was completely inert. Absence of immunologically detectable cross-reactivity lends support to the hypothesis that the amino acid sequence of urinary insulin potentiating peptide (U-AcG) does not contain the hGH amino terminal sequence, Phe-Pro-Thr-Ile-Pro-. PMID- 7274550 TI - Vagal release of IR-VIP and IR-gastrin from the isolated perfused rat stomach. AB - The effects of electrical stimulation of the vagus at varying pulse widths on the release of immunoreactive VIP (IR-VIP) and IR-gastrin have been investigated, using the isolated perfused rat stomach preparation. Electrical stimulation of vagal trunks at a pulse width of 0.1 msec duration yielded no change in basal IR VIP levels whereas a pulse width of 5.0 msec produced a prompt sustained increase. Stimulation at either pulse width evoked gastrin release. Atropine blocked the vagal release of IR-gastrin but not IR-VIP whereas hexamethonium blocked both responses. Exogenously administered porcine VIP, at concentrations mimicking endogenously released levels, was used in an attempt to reproduce the effects observed by vagal stimulation. Exogenous VIP had no effect on gastrin or somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) release. These in vitro studies support a role for VIP as a neurotransmitter released from the stomach by low-threshold non-cholinergic vagal fibres, but involving autonomic ganglia. PMID- 7274552 TI - A new high quality albumin for therapeutic use. AB - A method of large scale plasma fractionation where PEG precipitation combined with absorption is described. This method permits isolation of most globulins under mild conditions. The final purification of the albumin is achieved by heat treatment at 60 degrees C pH 4.8. The quality of albumin preparations for therapeutic use is discussed from two points of view, purity and nativity. The main problem of purity is the content of high molecular weight aggregates formed by the pasteurization (60 degrees C, 10 h.). The aggregates give a risk for immunological reactions. The nativity of albumin is correlated to the contents of oxidized albumin, and to the metabolism in man. In all the methods discussed, considerable differences are found between albumin preparations produced by different methods. PMID- 7274553 TI - Quantitation of monomeric and non-monomeric forms of albumin. AB - The use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the quantitation of albumin dimer in commercial albumin samples typically results in an overestimation of the percentage of dimer, as a consequence of significant deviations from Beer's law. This report describes a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique which employs an internal standard for quantitation of albumin dimer. A constant amount of beta-2-glycoprotein I is added to the sample prior to electrophoresis, and the amount of albumin dimer is determined by comparison to that of beta 2 glycoprotein I. A number of commercial albumin solutions were analyzed by this technique; the results were in accord with those obtained by gel permeation chromatography and demonstrated the utility of this method as a rapid screening technique. PMID- 7274554 TI - Adverse reactions in connection with albumin and other plasma substitutes. AB - The side effects after the infusion of human albumin solutions, stabilized human serum and a modified gelatin are analysed. Diseases and indications for the application are listed. Intervals between application and side effects as well as frequency and type of symptoms are shown. Different symptoms and intervals allow the conclusion that different pathomechanism are responsible for the adverse reactions. Due to a steady improvement in production and control the number of reported adverse reactions shows a steady decrease. PMID- 7274556 TI - Clinical use of polygelatin. PMID- 7274555 TI - Japanese minimum requirements for albumin preparations: recent amendments and current problems. AB - The following amendments have been introduced to the Minimum Requirements for Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and Plasma Protein Fraction (PPF): 1) The upper limit of sodium content was fixed at 3.7 mg/ml; 2) test for chloride content was introduced; 3) sodium and chloride contents were required to be stated on the label; 4) use of zone electrophoresis was introduced in addition to the free boundary electrophoresis; and 5) albumin content in HSA was lowered from 97% to 96%. Moreover, current problems in quality control which may require further amendments were discussed, namely: 1) limulus amoebocyte lysate test to replace or supplement the pyrogen test in rabbits; 2) attempt of quantitative expression of visual turbidity; 3) establishment of reference A and B blood group substances; 4) gel permeation analysis and scanning at 370-800 nm; and 5) test for prekallikrein activator (PKA). PMID- 7274557 TI - Whole body perfusion using polygelatin as priming perfusate in the experimental animal. PMID- 7274558 TI - Clinical experience with 120,000 units of modified fluid gelatin. AB - We briefly review 20 years of clinical experience with 120.531 units of a 4% modified fluid gelatin as a plasma substitute. Its Mn is 22.500. The initial intravascular volume effect equals that of 4% albumin; the t0,5 of this effect is about 4 hours. It has no dosage-related side effects and specifically does not impair surgical hemostasis in volumes up to 10-15 litres within 24 hours. During the last 5 years, it has become an essential element of a blood component program, which has proven to be therapeutically satisfactory and logistically advantageous. More than 1000 patients have received more than 2000 ml within 24 hours as a part of massive transfusions. The incidence of serious anaphylactoid reactions has been 1 per 13,400 units, but only one fatality has occurred. At least one out of 7 "gelatin" reactions cannot have been caused by the colloid itself. These incidents were presumably due to trace contaminants. When compared to dextran, it appears that this gelatin is more prone to cause harmless cutaneous reactions, but less likely to induce severe cardiovascular incidents. PMID- 7274559 TI - The Belgian plasmapheresis programme. AB - In Belgium 6000 non-remunerated donors regularly give plasma by the double plasmapheresis technique. The donation frequency is once every two weeks. Thus 75 000-80 000 liters of plasma are collected annually. This figure represents 7 500 8 000 liters of plasmapheresis plasma/10(6) inhabitants. Furthermore 5000 liters of plasma/10(6) inhabitants are recovered from whole blood (60% utilization of erythrocytes-concentrates). The 13 000 liters of plasma/10(6) inhabitants allow the country to cover all the national needs of albumin, coagulation factors and immunoglobulins. The programme is fully described and presented as a unique model of national self-sufficiency avoiding red cells wastage, and being entirely based on non-remunerated donors. PMID- 7274560 TI - Donor safety in plasmapheresis. AB - Whereas European authorities stipulate that a plasmapheresis donor should not give more than about 250 ml of plasma per week, American regulations continue to sanction a weekly "harvesting" volume of 1000 ml. The latter volume equals one third of a donor's plasma volume, and the loss of plasma proteins are identical with those of a patient suffering from a severe nephrotic syndrome. Accordingly, such donors develop hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and abnormal electrophoretic patterns. Recent data give cause for concern with respect to evidence for an increased aggregating tendency of platelets. Pending the clarification of these problems, the necessary quantities of plasma should be procured by increasing the number of donors sufficiently to respect the European volume limitations. PMID- 7274561 TI - Current plasmapheresis practices in the United States. PMID- 7274562 TI - Molecular aspects of albumin functions: indications for its use in plasma substitution. AB - The maintenance of the circulating fluid within the vascular system is a major role of plasma albumin. Besides its role as a protein reservoir the third function of albumin is its ability to bind and transport metabolic products, regulatory mediators, nutrients and proteins and to bind and neutralize endogenous or exogenous toxins. Bilirubin binding was chosen as a method to describe functional quality of albumin preparations. Binding at the high affinity site is well preserved in all commercial albumin-containing plasma substitutes investigated with KA values in the range of 3.2 to 4.8 . 10(7) 1/mol. Presence of absence of conventional stabilizers does not influence binding characteristics since heating of products according to various pharmacopoeia levels out any difference. The importance of ligand binding properties of a plasma substitute is stressed either in intoxications, e.g. hyperbilirubinemia of neonates or in surgical situations were multiple drug applications might disturb a balanced binding situation. Though relatively mild in nature and less frequently observed in comparison with artificial plasma substitutes incidence of adverse reactions in connection with albumin was used to search for causes. Biochemical parameters like residual proteolytic activity in general or specified (prekallikrein activator), content of aggregates, anti-complementary activity and influence on granulocyte activity did not give any clear answer in this task, neither did pharmacological testing designed to detect factors leading to histamine and kinin liberation or to detect pyrogens. PMID- 7274563 TI - Clinical use of a human albuminoid preparation (SPPS) produced by the continuous small volume mixing (CSVM) fractionation technique. AB - Since the commissioning of the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service's Protein Fractionation Centre in 1975 840 batches (in excess of 150,000 bottles) of stable purified protein solution (SPPS), prepared by the continuous small volume mixing (CSVM) method, have been used clinically. Each bottle contains approximately 400 ml of a solution of 4.3 g% total protein of which greater than 85% is albumin (mean 89%). Prekallikrein activator (PKA) estimations on the last 120 batches have revealed a mean value 8.0% +/- 6.1 with reference to the U.S.A. (B.O.B.) Reference Standard (Ref. 1). Using gel filtration techniques and UV Absorption at 280 nm approximately 7% of the albumin is in polymer form. It has been calculated that there have been in excess of 40,000 separate patient exposures. SPPS has been used in the cardiac bypass situation and in large volume plasma exchange using cell separators. Clinical colleagues consider its clinical efficacy in the management of hypovolaemic patients to be of a high order. The issue of SPPS for clinical purposes is controlled by the Regional Transfusion Centres either directly or through their peripheral blood banks. Because there is close and active liaison in the reporting of adverse reactions to routine blood transfusion, similar conditions apply to all plasma products, including SPPS. In the period under retrospective review adverse reactions to isolated bottles in two batches (3 patients) of SPPS have been reported (an incidence of 0.24% batches produced). None of these reactions was fatal and none was explained. It is concluded that the SPPS produced by our Protein Fractionation Centre, using the CSVM technique, appears to have a satisfactory record with regard to efficacy and safety. PMID- 7274564 TI - The clinical uses of albumin: report of an IABS study. AB - Medical indications for the use of human albumin (HA) by the clinician have been described in the past. They were invariably based on the knowledge of the function of the HA molecule and its feasible role in circulation. So these indications in fact became recommendations to the clinician. In recent years various authorities were faced with the necessity to review requirements for HA, wherever they existed, or to define new requirements, where none were considered before. IABS was, therefore, asked to find out if and how the recommended indications were accepted by physicians of various disciplines. Using a questionnaire more than 800 replies were received. These answers and their evaluation permitted the statement that the clinical use of HA is not limited to the recommended one, but used for additional and newer indications with obvious success. In addition it was noted that present requirements by control authorities do not seem to cover sufficiently the needs of the patients. PMID- 7274565 TI - Hyperoncotic hemodilution with human albumin (20%) as a new therapeutic procedure in EPH-gestosis. AB - Improvement of uteroplacental blood supply in EPH-gestosis by infusion of human albumin solution is proposed. This procedure may be hazardous for the fetus by shifting the maternofetal colloid osmotic pressure gradient. In acute experiments on pregnant Merino ewes, the circulatory, biochemical and oncotic effects of hypervolemic and isovolemic, hyperoncotic hemodilution on mother and fetus were investigated. Both procedures showed the advantage of albumin as a physiological and effective plasma expander and significantly improved uteroplacental blood flow without an undesired action of fetal hemoconcentration. A catalogue of indications for hemodilution in EPH-gestosis is introduced. PMID- 7274566 TI - Use of human albumin in neurosurgery. AB - Up to day the control of brain oedema is not yet solved. The role of protein level and oncotic pressure in the maintenance of adequate plasma volume are explained. We discuss all factors worsening cerebral oedema. The haemodynamic aspects of oncotic therapy are presented. Our choice of drugs used in oncotic therapy is human albumin. The beneficial influence of human albumin on the development of cerebral oedema is accentuated. PMID- 7274567 TI - Clinical indications for human serum albumin. AB - Three indications have been considered for the clinical use of human serum albumin: nutrition, binding and transport, and the volume effect due to the oncotic properties of the protein. The use of albumin as an intravenous nutrient is clearly inappropriate. The literature on its binding and transport properties is as yet clinically inconclusive, and it seems premature to enforce product specifications based on these characteristics. The effects on blood volume and hypoproteinemia are firmly established in patients with an intact capillary system. The therapeutic implications of a capillary "permeability lesion" are a subject of current debate. Such lesions occur following extensive injuries and in patients with septic pulmonary failure. Although the data are contradictory, it is largely agreed that the serum albumin level should be kept above 30 g/litre or the total serum protein above 50 g/litre. PMID- 7274568 TI - Physiological aspects of the role of human albumin in the treatment of chronic and acute blood loss. AB - Human albumin is the most important oncotic-active protein (1 g albumin attaches 18 g water). It is essential for the water exchange between intra- and extracellular space and for homeostasis. The physiological distribution of albumin, its daily exchange and degradation are being discussed. At the example of normo- and hypovolaemic patients and acute blood-loss the stabilising effect on the blood-volume and the hemodynamic efficacy of human albumin are shown. Human albumin was infused into patients with hypoproteinemia and hypovolaemia as well as to surgical patients with normovolaemia. Volunteers received albumin after an acute blood-loss. Under and after the albumin-infusion the albumin disappeared partly from the blood-stream. The loss to the extravascular compartments was greatest among patients with hypoproteinemia. Among volunteers with experimental blood-loss the infused volume disappeared in an amount of 45 to 106 ml per hour. When human albumin is given over a longer period the synthesis of endogenous albumin and of globulins may be inhibited or at least depressed. Albumin has a positive effect on the hemodynamic. The cardiac-output and the stroke volume increased. The peripheral resistance fell in the same time. Renal filtration rate and the urine volume increased, in contrast renal resistance was lowered. PMID- 7274569 TI - Clinical requirements for albumin: report of an IABS study. AB - Requirements for human serum albumin (HSA) asked for by physicians in six countries were analyzed. Compilation of data obtained by a questionnaire revealed differences of opinion that could be traced to the frequency of HSA therapy in the respective country. Where albumin was used frequently clinical and experimental evidence for the efficacy of this therapy was high too, and so was the interest in the binding capacity of HSA for a number of substances. In contrast, negative attitudes towards HSA therapy were reported predominantly from countries where the frequency of use of albumin was low. Since the request to obtain more information on the binding capacity of HSA was strongly expressed by responding physicians, this wish should be considered for future quality control preferably in the process of manufacture. PMID- 7274570 TI - Progress in chemical and in vivo characterization of albumin preparations. AB - In plasma fractionation industry different methods are used for producing albumin for therapeutic use. We wanted to investigate whether the different ways of fractionating plasma have an effect on the nativity of the albumin molecules. Isoelectric focusing in 6M urea has shown the presence of variable amounts of oxidized albumin in different preparations. The presence of oxidized forms indicates that an initial denaturation has taken place. To evaluate if the alteration in the albumin molecules has any effects in vivo, metabolic studies in rabbits and humans with radioiodinated albumin were undertaken. Our preliminary results show a correlation between the in vivo metabolic studies and the amount of oxidized albumin. PMID- 7274572 TI - Recovery of the cortical evoked potential from auditory stimulation in children and adults. AB - The recovery of cortical evoked potentials to auditory stimulation was studied in a group of 12 young adults and 12 children aged 9.0-13.3 years. Subjects listened to single clicks and to pairs of clicks in which the interstimulus intervals (ISI's) varied, taking on values of 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 msec. Average evoked potentials (AEP's) based on 50 repetitions were obtained to single clicks by coherent averaging and to the 2nd click of the pairs by automatically subtracting the evoked potential to each single click from the evoked potential to the corresponding pair and coherently averaging the remainder. In children, peak latencies of the P1, N1, and P2 components of the AEP to the 2nd click of the pairs increased significantly with decreasing ISI; in adults, latencies similarly increased except in the case of the N1 component. These increases were significantly larger in children than in adults, indicating that cortical recovery is slower in children and suggesting that cortical excitability in children may be lower. Peak latencies of the P1, N1, and P2 components of the AEP to single clicks were significantly lower (16-21 msec) in the children. PMID- 7274571 TI - Gel chromatography for control purposes of human albumin preparations. AB - Information on molecular composition of human albumin preparations is important for characterization of these protein mixtures. Permeation chromatography in gel columns is best suited for separative analysis with respect to time consumption and experimental and instrumental expenditure. Standardization, precision and reproducibility of this quality control method have been especially considered in our investigations and the best conditions for practical performance and evaluation have been established. Results will be discussed in comparison to those of sedimentation analysis in the ultracentrifuge. PMID- 7274573 TI - Attachment in chicks: effects of companion species on social preferences. AB - Social preference was assessed across 9 weeks in domestic chicks which were either living with a live companion (another chick or a guinea pig) or in isolation. Experimental chicks lived for 3-week periods with the original companion, with an alternate companion of a different species, and again with the original companion. Control subjects lived continuously with their original companion or in isolation. Weekly preference tests initially indicated strong preference for the original companion, regardless of the biological appropriateness of the species of the companion, although controls living in isolation tended to prefer the chick. Preference waned but did not reverse for experimental chicks living with the alternate companion during the 2nd period, whereas original preference continued for controls. Returning the subjects to the original companion in the 3rd period did not reestablish the original preference. PMID- 7274574 TI - Dietary influences on the development of sucrose acceptability in rats. AB - Weanling rats were placed on a high-fat diet or chow. Beginning at 5 weeks of age, they were tested for acceptability of 4 sucrose solutions of different concentrations once a week until they showed the previously established adult pattern of acceptability. Subjects on the chow diet showed a gradual transition from a juvenile to adult pattern of acceptability, that is, a progressive downward shift in the concentration of solution that is most acceptable. Subjects on the high-fat diets never showed the adult pattern but continued to display a juvenile pattern of acceptability throughout the experiment. The data obtained from the subjects on the high-fat diets are similar to those on taste preferences in obese humans. PMID- 7274577 TI - Subspecies differences in curiosity and general activity for developing squirrel monkeys. AB - Curiosity and general activity characteristics in different squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) phenotypes were assessed. Ten infant squirrel monkeys, representing 2 subspecies (Bolivian and Colombian) and both genders, were observed on 4 testing sessions during which novel and familiar objects were presented to each subject. No consistent object-contact differences were found between subspecies or genders, but significant subspecies differences were found for the amount of time during each trial that the subjects climbed, remained stationary, vocalized, and showed abnormal behaviors. Familiar objects were handled most often, whereas novel objects that were shiny or yellow were moderately preferred. PMID- 7274575 TI - Sensory influences on homing of stunted rat pups. AB - The effects of 2 methods of restricting food intake--large-litter rearing and rotation between lactating and nonlactating females--on sensory factors involved in homing to the nest by rat pups were examined. Homing was observed in the unaltered home cage, when olfactory cues were altered and when visual cues were altered. Stunted animals homed less in the unaltered cage than did well-nourished controls as a result of a maturational delay. Prior to eye opening, stunted animals showed greater disruption of homing when olfactory cues were altered and after eye opening they showed greater disruption when visual cues were altered. These effects could reflect decreased sensitivity, an inability to use alternate cues, or behavioral disruption by novel stimulation. Nonnutritional factors were also found to affect homing as the 2 well-nourished groups differed in their behaviors. These differences appeared to be due to animals reared in small litters maturing more slowly than animals rotated between females. PMID- 7274576 TI - Echolocation by young bats on their initial and subsequent flights. AB - This study documents developmental changes in the vocal reaction of bats to obstacles and describes the pulse patterns of young bats on their 1st and subsequent flights. The pulse repetition rate of young bats showed an increase just before the bats approached obstacles. This pattern differs from that of older bats. The distance at which the change in pulse repetition rate occurs is roughly twice as far from the obstacle in adults as it is in young bats. Even on their 1st flights young bats (25-29 days old) seemed to perform better than chance. This capability seems to be resistant to environmental manipulation during the preweaning period. PMID- 7274580 TI - Reactivity to light and development of classical cardiac conditioning in the kitten. AB - Kittens studied from 7 days onwards revealed that the earliest age at which cardiac conditioning can be established is 30 days, after some 30 light-electric shock associations. Older kittens showed both cardiac as well as motor conditioning. Animals younger than 21 days old had no well-defined cardiac responses to the clearly nociceptive unconditioned stimulus so that no cardiac conditioning was established; neither did they show signs of motor conditioning. This failure could be due to immaturity of the cardiac-emotional reactivity to nociceptive stimulation and immaturity of the neural structures involved in associative learning. Lack of reactivity to the light used as conditioned stimulus must be excluded because it already produced eye blink by 2 days of age. Moreover, a light-dark preference test done during the 1st postnatal week showed that kittens are able to discriminate light from dark by 8 days of age. PMID- 7274579 TI - The effects of age on the kindling phenomenon. AB - Repeated unilateral electrical stimulation of the amygdala in adult rats produces generalized seizures (kindling). New data indicate that kindling can be induced in both suckling rats between 15 and 18 days old and in rats, 34 to 72 days old. However, the expression of kindling differs in the suckling rats, but not in the 34-day-old rat, perhaps as a result of the immaturity of the central nervous system. PMID- 7274581 TI - Developmental aspects of 2-way shuttlebox avoidance in the spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rat. AB - In experiment I, male and female rats from the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKYN) normotensive strains were given I session of 2-way shuttlebox avoidance training at 25-26, 35-36, or 45-46 days of age. The avoidance training was preceded by a pretest which consisted of 10 presentations of the compound conditional stimulus alone in order to assess any differential tendency of the 2 strains to respond to the presentation of novel stimuli. The WKYN rats made a significantly higher number of pretest avoidance responses and achieved a higher level of avoidance performance than SHR rats. In addition, during the pretest, WKYN rats were more active and had a shorter 1st trial latency. In Experiment II, the pretest phase was replicated with a manipulation of the intensity of the auditory cue. Although the WKYN rats had a higher rate of pretest avoidance than SHR rats, the rate of pretest avoidances increased with intensity in both strains. The WKYN rats had a shorter 1st trial latency and a shorter median latency for the 10 trials and were more active that SHR rats during the pretest. These results relate to age-independent behavioral characteristics of these strains and the question of reactivity to environmental stimulation. PMID- 7274583 TI - Right-hand preference facilitated by rightward turning biases during infancy. AB - A rightward turning bias is the earliest human asymmetry and may be a precursor of handedness. Head-turning affects arm position as part of the Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR). The hypothesis was tested that turning biases operate in coordination with the ATNR to promote handedness by measuring reflex behavior during turns in the preferred vs nonpreferred direction. Twenty infants were filmed during spontaneous movement and during the following factorial design: head turned left vs right; voluntarily vs passively; 30 degrees vs 70 degrees. The incidence, strength, and duration of the ATNR were least when the child turned toward his/her preferred side. When right-preference children turned rightward, the occurrence of the ATNR was no better than chance. Thus, a child can orient toward the right hand with minimal intrusion of the ATNR upon limb position, perhaps promoting right-handedness. PMID- 7274582 TI - The effect of early visual experience on spatial maze learning in rats. AB - In the 1st of 2 experiments on spatial ability, groups of sighted and blind, light-reared (LR) and dark-reared (DR) rats were tested on a series of (Hebb Williams) maze problems and their reversals under appetitive and aversive reinforcement conditions. Significant effects due to early rearing conditions, vision at time of testing, and problem were found. Dark-reared rats learned the problems whose solution depended on nonvisual cues more slowly than LR animals. Blindness at time of testing had a significantly adverse effect on the performance of LR and DR rats on all problems, but a significantly greater effect in the DR animals. In a 2nd experiment DR rats were also found to perform less effectively than LR rats on a 17-arm radial maze throughout a 36-day period during which variations in the task were introduced. The results reveal the impact of early visual experience on the development of the ability to acquire spatial concepts. PMID- 7274584 TI - A fit mouse is a hoppy mouse: jumping behavior in 15-day-old Mus musculus. AB - An analysis of a juvenile hopping response from an 8 X 8 diallel cross is used to demonstrate the experimental genetic approach for testing presumed adaptive fitness of behaviors in developing organisms. In accordance with predictions, the explosive jumping behavior exhibited by 15-day mice is characterized by a pattern of genetic dominance toward high expression of the trait. Wild mice show even more vigorous responses, indicating that selection pressures maintaining high responding have been relaxed during domestication. These data suggest some applications and limitations of genetic methods for the study of behavioral evolution as related to development. PMID- 7274585 TI - Auditory imprinting in domestic chicks during tonic immobility. AB - In present study we attempted to determine whether the characteristic unresponsiveness of animals during tonic immobility is due to sensory or motor inhibition. Specifically, we exposed domestic chicks to an auditory imprinting stimulus during tonic immobility. Seventy-five White Leghorn chicks were tested in 1 of 5 conditions: (1) immobilized and imprinted; (2) restrained but not immobilized, and imprinted; (3) imprinted only; (4) immobilized but not imprinted; and (5) neither immobilized nor imprinted. Chicks in the 1st 3 groups all imprinted to the same degree in that they did not differ in median run times in a straight alley with the imprinting stimulus. These results demonstrate that chicks do process auditory stimuli during tonic immobility and the reduced responsiveness observed during tonic immobility is due mainly to motor inhibition. PMID- 7274586 TI - Wing-flapping develops in chickens made flightless by feather mutations. AB - Two lines of mutant, domestic chickens (scaleless and delayed feathering), flightless because they lack flight feathers, were used to evaluate the influence of flight-related experience and adaptation on the development of wing-flapping. Most testing was at 13 days because normally feathered control chicks of this age flap at adult rates and can fly. By 13 days, the wing-flapping rates of the flightless, mutant chicks and the normally feathered and flight-competent control chicks were similar. Therefore, normal adult rates of wing-flapping developed in the absence of flight-related behavioral consequences. Drop-evoked wing-flapping was probably initiated by vestibular mechanisms: feather-related mechanoreceptor and visual cues were not necessary because flapping was initiated by naked, scaleless chicks which were deprived of visual input by masking their eyes or by testing in a darkened room. The possible role of feather mutations in the evolution of avian flightlessness is also considered. PMID- 7274578 TI - Recovery from experimentally induced problem-solving deficits in neonatal Peking ducklings as a function of environmental stimulation. AB - Neonatal Peking ducklings were reared in 3 different environments containing varied light and sound stimulation. One group was exposed to the stimulative environment only during the last 3 prenatal days, 1 group was placed in the stimulative environment at the time of hatching, and the 3rd group was exposed to the stimulative environment both pre- and postnatally. No differences in performance in a detour learning task were noted between controls and experimentals from the 1st 2 groups (prenatal stimulation only and postnatal stimulation only); however, the group receiving both pre- and postnatal stimulation solved the detour task significantly faster than their controls. This learning improvement as a function of the stimulative environment represents a partial recovery from the deficit produced as a result of the experimental paradigm in which the shell covering the air space was replaced with clear plastic wrap, a procedure which has been shown to reduce oxygen consumption and lead to learning retardation. PMID- 7274587 TI - Retrograde axonal transport of transmitter enzymes, fucose-labeled protein, and nerve growth factor in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. PMID- 7274588 TI - Increased concentration of albumin in kidney basement membranes in diabetes mellitus. AB - The concentration of albumin was measured by a double-antibody radioimmunoassay in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and tubular basement membrane (TBM) of patients with diabetic nephropathy, other kidney diseases, and normal kidneys. The TBM from diabetics contained significantly more albumin (m +/ SD; 2.75 +/- 0.34 microgram/mg) than the TBM from other diseases (1.00 +/- 0.24 microgram/mg) or normals (1.21 +/- 0.26 microgram/mg) (P less than 0.0001). Similarly, diabetic GBM contained more albumin (2.25 +/- 0.59 microgram/mg) than other diseases (1.22 +/- 0.55) or normals (1.31 +/- 0.36 microgram/mg) (P less than 0.01-0.001). No differences were observed between the normal and other disease groups. Although there were no differences in hydroxyproline content, there was a highly significant correlation between the concentration of hydroxyproline and albumin in the diabetic TBM (r = 0.82), diabetic GBM (r = 0.70), and normal TBM (r = 0.79). Elution studies with different buffers on frozen sections of diabetic kidneys suggest that the albumin is relatively firmly bound. Although albumin is present in extracellular membranes of normal and diseased human kidneys, the concentration is higher in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7274590 TI - Neurodevelopmental screening at five years of children who were at risk neonatally. AB - A neurodevelopmental screening test with cumulative scoring for abnormal test responses was performed on 845 five-year-old Finnish children who, in the newborn period, had had disorders which placed them in a high-risk group, and on 70 controls. The results showed a significant difference between the neurodevelopmental scores of the risk-group children and those of the controls. The scores were higher if the child had had many of the risk factors simultaneously. Boys had significantly higher scores than girls. The mean scores also varied between different risk factors. It is evident that slight neurodevelopmental deviations at the age of five years can derive from disorders in the newborn period. PMID- 7274589 TI - Nonenzymatic glycosylation of low density lipoproteins in vitro. Effects on cell interactive properties. AB - Atherosclerosis occurs at an accelerated rate in patients with diabetes mellitus. Since some proteins undergo nonenzymatic glycosylation in diabetic patients and because certain chemical modifications of low density lipoproteins produced alterations in their interactions with certain cultured cells, a fact that may be relevant to atherogenesis, we investigated the effect of in vitro glycosylation on cell-related properties of low density lipoproteins. Glycosylation was carried out by incubating LDL (1-10 mg LDL-protein/ml) with glucose (0-100 mM) in 0.5 M phosphate buffer, pH 8.0, at 37 degrees C. The amount of glucose incorporated into LDL after 1-2 wk of incubation was estimated to be in the range of 1-10 mol/mol LDL-protein. Amino acid analysis of glycosylated LDL showed that glucose was covalently bound to lysine residues. In studies with cultured human fibroblasts, glycosylated LDL was internalized and degraded significantly less than control LDL, in proportion to the estimated degree of glycosylation (12% of control for the most extensively glycosylated LDL). Glycosylation of LDL also impaired significantly its ability to stimulate cholesteryl ester synthesis by cultured fibroblasts. Glycosylated LDL did not stimulate cholesteryl ester synthesis in rat peritoneal macrophages. If glycosylation of LDL occurs in diabetic patients, some pathophysiologic consequences related to the increased incidence of atherosclerosis in these patients may result. PMID- 7274591 TI - Phrenic nerve conduction in children. AB - A study was undertaken in order to establish the normal range of phrenic nerve latencies in children, to determine whether phrenic nerve stimulation can distinguish diaphragmatic palsy from eventration of the diaphragm, and to determine the effect of neuromuscular disorders on phrenic nerve latencies in children. Ninety-four children were examined, of whom 31 had neuromuscular disorder and 63 were controls. Among the controls, phrenic nerve latencies decreased from 32 weeks gestational age to six months postnatal age, despite an increase in stimulus-response distance. However, the latencies were prolonged in two of four children with isolated phrenic nerve palsies, and in five of six children with Guillain-Barre syndrome, although they were normal in children with congenital eventration of the diaphragm, spinal muscular atrophy, poliomyelitis (with one exception), and in a miscellaneous group of children with other neuromuscular disorders. Measurement of phrenic nerve latency may detect diaphragmatic weakness early in the course of demyelinating neuropathies, and can be useful in distinguishing between eventration and phrenic palsies as causes of elevated diaphragm. In patients with generalised peripheral neuropathies, the procedure may sometimes detect diaphragmatic involvement even before other evidence of ventilatory insufficiency. PMID- 7274592 TI - Infantile spasms: a neuro-ophthalmological study. AB - A complete neuro-ophthalmological examination was made of 80 children affected by infantile spasms. Ocular features were inconstant and aspecific in the idiopathic, perinatal and postnatal groups. However, infantile spasms in the prenatal symptomatic group frequently were associated with ocular findings related to an ectodermic defect, as well as with brain defects. It is suggested that ocular findings are helpful in the investigation of infantile spasms, both in detecting associated brain malformations, and as an indication of whether further examination by computerized tomography is necessary. PMID- 7274593 TI - Many parents think their child is dying when having a first febrile convulsion. AB - Fifty parents of 36 consecutive children admitted to hospital with their first febrile convulsion were interviewed shortly after the event. Very few parents voluntarily said that they had thought their child was dying, but when asked specifically the majority said they had thought the child was dying or likely to die. This common fear should be kept in mind when discussing febrile convulsions with parents, who are unlikely to volunteer the information. PMID- 7274594 TI - Children with large heads: a practical approach to diagnosis in 557 children, with special reference to 109 children with megalencephaly. AB - Among 557 children who presented a diagnostic problem of a large head, 109 had megalencephaly as the primary diagnosis. A clinical approach to the differentiation of this numerically important group from the various other causes of large head is outlined. The group is characterised by a familial incidence of large head in at least 50 per cent of cases; a male to female preponderance of four to one; an above-normal rate of head growth in 80 per cent of the children in the first four months after birth, and in a further 12 per cent in late infancy. The vast majority of these children were normal. Only seven children were retarded, and they also had a variety of neurological and other somatic abnormalities. PMID- 7274595 TI - Psychiatric sequelae in children treated operatively for hydrocephalus in infancy. AB - This study reports on the prevalence of psychiatric disorder in 45 children of primary-school age who had been treated operatively for hydrocephalus in infancy. A high rate of disturbance was found; presumably this relates not only to neurological factors but also to the child's reaction to his handicaps and to the attitudes of significant people toward him. The symptomatology was predominantly neurotic, and since emotional disorder can be helped by psychological methods it is argued that early psychiatric intervention could improve the quality of life for these children. PMID- 7274596 TI - Cerebral palsy and newborn care. I: secular trends in cerebral palsy. AB - Reports of cerebral palsy prevalence rates per live births in recent decades in western nations show a mixed pattern. Declining rates were noted in Bristol, England, and in Denmark; but more recently a rising rate was noted in Ireland. In Western Sweden a decline has been followed by a recent rise, and in Western Australia a rise has been followed by a decline. Rates with not statistically significant changes have been found in Iceland and Birmingham, England, and over the seven-year span of the US Collaborative Perinatal Project, although their over-all direction was downward. No single factor is likely to explain the trends observed. PMID- 7274597 TI - Plasma exchange in acute post-infectious demyelination. PMID- 7274598 TI - Acupuncture for the relief of painful muscle spasms in dystonic cerebral palsy. PMID- 7274599 TI - Plasticity and specificity of language localization in the developing brain. PMID- 7274600 TI - Transplantation of adenomatous polyps, normal colonic mucosa and adenocarcinoma of colon into athymic mice. AB - Fragments of benign colonic adenomatous polyps of man, adenocarcinoma of the colon of man, and normal colonic mucosa of man and rodent were transplanted under the kidney capsule of athymic mice. Benign human adenomatous cells survived for periods of up to 28 days, normal rodent colonic epithelial cells for 45 days and colonic carcinoma cells for 43 days. This was demonstrated by morphologic criteria, and by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA of the epithelial cells. The transplantation technique can supplement organ culture methods for the maintenance of adenomatous tissue derived from human colonic mucosa, in order to facilitate studies of growth characteristics and transformation of the cells. PMID- 7274601 TI - Origins of neutral sterols in human feces studied by stable isotope labeling (D and 13C). Existence of an external secretion of cholesterol. AB - An experimental procedure using stable isotope-labeled cholesterol (13C and D) was carried out on 15 healthy subjects to distinguish the different origins of neutral fecal sterols in man: nonabsorption of dietary cholesterol, fecal excretion by transfer of plasmatic cholesterol and external secretion of cholesterol biosynthetized in digestive tract and directly eliminated. For a mean daily mass of 652 mg of fecal cholesterol, unabsorbed dietary cholesterol is 20% (133 mg), excreted cholesterol 67% (434 mg) and cholesterol from external secretion 13% (85 mg). A short treatment (4 days) with cholestyramine or different bile acids was then administered to each subject to study the possible variations in their fecal elimination of cholesterol. The more evident effect was the large stimulation of external secretion of cholesterol (234 mg/day) observed after chenodeoxycholic acid feeding (1 g/day). This treatment tends also to decrease dietary cholesterol absorption and to enhance excretion of cholesterol. PMID- 7274602 TI - Coagulation studies for severe liver disease detection in a gastroenterologic department. AB - 15 patients with clinical, histological and laboratory findings of cirrhosis were investigated. When the results of routine hemostasis tests--thrombin time, reptilase time and fibrinogen quantitation by clotting methods--were prolonged, further immunological determinations were done. Normal results in the immunological determinations together with prolonged ones obtained by clotting methods are suggestive of dysfibrinogenemic states. A possible survey of the treatment with the help of these determinations is proposed. PMID- 7274603 TI - HLA antigen and chronic pancreatitis in Japan. AB - HLA A, B and C antigens were determined in 128 patients with chronic pancreatitis in Japan. Patients were divided into two groups, chronic alcoholic and chronic idiopathic, from two parts of Japan, the eastern and the western part, with control subjects in each region. A significantly higher frequency of B5 was demonstrated among chronic idiopathic pancreatitis and of B13 among chronic alcoholic pancreatitis in the eastern part, and no definite findings were obtained in the western part of Japan. On the other hand, the frequency of BW 54 was lower among chronic alcoholic pancreatitis in both parts of Japan, but the corrected p value for this antigen was not statistically significant. These facts suggest that 'HLA antigens in chronic pancreatitis have some racial and regional differences. PMID- 7274604 TI - Serum lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in the bile duct-ligated rat. AB - Serum lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and lipoprotein X (LP-X) were studied after acute cholestasis had been produced by ligation of the common bile duct in rats fed a liquid fat-free diet. The concentration of serum-free cholesterol, predominantly contained in the low density lipoprotein fraction, increased steadily up to 72 h after ligation. The concentration of cholesterol in the high density lipoprotein fraction did not change significantly, and similarly the serum concentration of esterified cholesterol was not altered. The activity of LCAT, expressed in molar terms as millimoles of cholesterol esterified per litre per hour, did not change during the 72-hour study period. These data indicate acute cholestasis in the rat does not result in a LCAT deficiency and suggest that the accumulation of serum free cholesterol in this situation is independent of the serum cholesterol esterifying mechanism. PMID- 7274605 TI - Non-specificity of elevated serum ribonuclease as a pancreatic tumour marker. AB - Differences in heart stability of human pancreatic ribonuclease (cRNase) and serum ribonuclease were abolished by aprotinin, suggesting that the pancreatic enzyme was similar to the serum enzyme, but was being destroyed by proteases. Serum ribonuclease levels in normal subjects correlated with age but were unaffected by meal ingestion. Serum ribonuclease was not found to be useful in the detection of pancreatic cancer and was more frequently abnormal in patients with other solid tumours or renal failure. PMID- 7274606 TI - Viral hepatic diseases and microsomal arylamidase activity in liver tissue. AB - The relationship between microsomal arylamidase activity, determined by a micromethod, and changes of hepatocytes was studied in biopsy samples taken from 107 patients with normal liver histology and viral hepatic diseases. The activities in healthy carriers and chronic persistent hepatitis patients were significantly greater than those of controls, acute hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis patients, and showed a significant greater than those of controls, acute hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis patients, and showed a significant correlation to morphologic criteria. Ultrastructurally, regularly increased smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) was found especially in healthy carriers. The arylamidase activity reflects virus-induced changes of the SER in healthy carriers and viral hepatic diseases. PMID- 7274607 TI - Chronic active hepatitis and giant multinucleated hepatocytes in adults treated with clometacin. AB - The authors report the cases of 2 adults who became jaundiced during prolonged administration of clometacin, a new analgesic drug. Jaundice and serum aminotransferase activity progressively increased while the drug administration was continued but quickly decreased when it was eventually interrupted. 1 patient resumed the intake of clometacin and died with jaundice and ascites. In both patients, liver lesions were those of severe chronic active hepatitis with numerous giant multinucleated hepatocytes. PMID- 7274608 TI - Bile reflux esophagitis. A critical study of two models in the rat. AB - This study was designed to determine the relative contribution of acid and/or duodenal contents on development of reflux esophagitis in the rat. Gross and microscopic changes in the esophageal mucosa at 10, 15, 30, and 60 days were recorded in sham-operated animals and in two experimental groups. One study group had a transsection of the esophagogastric junction (model I), and the other a total gastrectomy (model II). Bowel continuity was reestablished by esophagojejunal anastomosis. Subgroups of both animal models received either no treatment of cholestyramine or aluminum phosphate for 30 days in drinking water. At 30 dyas a similar degree of esophagitis was found in the untreated animals of both study models. Cholestyramine improved the degree of esophagitis in model II, whereas aluminum phosphate increased mucosal alterations in model I. At 60 days, 50% of the animals no longer had esophagitis and had regained satisfactory nutritional status. It is concluded that: (1) bile reflux is a major factor in esophagitis; (2) cholestyramine protects against bile reflux, and (3) proper nutritional status is of major importance in mucosal healing. PMID- 7274609 TI - Effects of Mg++ and Ca++ on water absorption from rodent and human intestine. AB - The effect of the soluble chlorides of Mg++ and of Ca++ on intestinal water absorption was compared in rodents and in humans because Mg++ is a laxative while Ca++ is reputed to be constipating. In rats, net water transport in vivo from segments of jejunum or of colon was similar during control periods with NaCl, 275 mosm/kg, and during test periods when 40 mM CaCl2, or MgCl2 (made isoosmolal with NaCl) was infused. Both CaCl2 and MgCl2 depressed water absorption in ileal segments by 30-40% compared with NaCl. In man, 6 ileostomy patients were given 60 mmole CaCl2 or MgCl2, orally over 24 h for 3 days in a randomized, cross-over trial. CaCl2 increased the average ileostomy output from 984 to 1,336 g/day; MgCl2 increased output from 939 to 1,352 g/day. A corollary of these results was that magnesium hydroxide would be less effective laxative when this insoluble hydroxide is not converted to soluble chloride by gastric juice. To test this inference, 5 totally gastrectomized patients were given 60 mmole of Mg(OH)2 or MgCl2 daily. Stool weight increased by 136 g after MgCl2 but not after Mg(OH)2. PMID- 7274610 TI - Hydrokinetic activity of secretion and secretin analogues, modified in the N terminal sequence, and of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the dog pancreas. AB - In the dog pancreas in vivo, the biological activity of secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide was compared to that of secretin analogues modified in their N terminal hexapeptide and to X-secretion (alpha, beta-Asp3-secretin) and Y secretin (a conversion product of X-secretin consisting of about 15% secretin and 85% beta-Asp3-secretin). Replacement of Asp3 by glutamic acid reduced secretin activity markedly. Replacement by neutral amino acids abolished the activity nearly completely. alpha, beta-Asp3-secretin and beta-Asp3-secretin appeared to be ineffective. The results indicate that the free beta-carboxy group of the side chain of the Asp3 residue of the secretin molecule is of decisive importance for hydrokinetic action. PMID- 7274611 TI - Biliary manometry in dogs. Influence of selective electrostimulation of the right and left vagus nerves. AB - Acute biliary manometry was performed in 10 dogs during operation. The sphincter of Oddi was a high-pressure zone with phasic activity. No active contractions were observed either in the common bile duct or in the gallbladder. Electrostimulation of the right and left thoracic vagal branches increased bile flow, decreased the activity of the sphincter of Oddi and gallbladder pressure. Stimulation of the right vagus gave a more complex response as the initial inhibition of the activity of the sphincter of Oddi was followed by an increased motor activity. Intra-arterial cholecystokinin injection increased bile flow, inhibited the activity of the sphincter of Oddi, whereas gallbladder pressure remained unchanged. PMID- 7274612 TI - Comparison of the dose-response curves for acid output to pentagastrin determined by two techniques in chronic gastric fistula rats. AB - The dose-response (DR) curves for acid output to intravenous pentagastrin were determined by two techniques in conscious rats with chronic gastric fistula. With the continuous DR technique, the dose of pentagastrin was doubled each hour; with the single DR technique, one dose of pentagastrin was infused for 5 h on each test day. The acid response to all doses but the lowest were higher with the single DR than the continuous DR technique, but the dose required to produce half the maximal response did not differ with the two techniques. Similar results were obtained when the DR curves were analyzed by application of the Michaelis-Menten equation. Accordingly, in conscious rats with gastric fistulas, the single DR technique gives a higher figure for the secretory capacity of the parietal cells than the continuous DR technique, but the two techniques give the same estimation of the sensitivity of the parietal cells. PMID- 7274614 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobins in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and for the assessment of chronic hyperglycaemia. AB - Evidence is presented that two levels of glycosylated haemoglobin can be defined which when exceeded indicate respectively the presence of diabetes mellitus and a significant risk for the development of microvascular complications, as judged by current glucose tolerance test criteria for such risk. PMID- 7274613 TI - Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: comparison of measures of R-R interval variation. AB - Five different methods of analysing R-R interval (heart rate) variation were compared, using a computer technique, in 61 diabetics with a wide range of responses to autonomic function testing. Two methods differentiated best between the diabetics with and without autonomic damage: (1) the standard deviation of the mean R-R interval recorded for 5 min during quiet breathing with the subject either sitting or standing; (2) the difference between the maximum and minimum heart rates recorded over 1 min during deep breathing at six breaths per minute, again with the subject either sitting or standing. For routine clinical usage we conclude that recording the heart rate for 1 min on an ECG, while the subject sits and breaths deeply at six breaths per minute, and then measuring the difference between the maximum and minimum heart rate, is the most practical method currently available. For research purposes either this method or the standard deviation method during quiet breathing for 5 min, should be used. PMID- 7274616 TI - Exercise and diabetes. PMID- 7274615 TI - Analysis of short-term changes in reversibly and irreversibly glycosylated haemoglobin AI: relevance to diabetes mellitus. AB - We have determined the stable (irreversibly glycosylated) fraction of haemoglobin AI (HbAI) on Bio-Rex 70 after incubation of red blood cells in 0.9 % saline solution for 6 h at 37 degrees C. The total (reversibly + irreversibly glycosylated fractions) HbAI was determined before each incubation. Labile (reversibly glycosylated) HbAI represented the difference between total and stable HbAI fractions. Total and stable HbAI fractions were determined during insulin- or meal-induced blood glucose fluctuations in 24 insulin-dependent diabetics and in seven subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. In the diabetics, the maximal fluctuation of total HbAI was 1.47% over 2-12 h, while the simultaneous plasma glucose variation was 21.5 mmol/l. The stable HbAI fraction did not change significantly. In diabetics the differences between the maximal and minimal values of plasma glucose and total HbAI were significantly correlated. Plasma glucose correlated with simultaneously determined total and labile HbAI fractions, but not with stable HbAI. In subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, similar changes in total but not in stable HbAI were observed during an oral glucose tolerance test. We conclude that, although rapid changes in chromatographically determined HbAI are relatively small, the determination of stable HbAI should be performed to circumvent this problem and to ensure a more accurate index of blood glucose control. PMID- 7274617 TI - Culture and cytogenetic studies of adult human keratinocytes using a new growth factor. PMID- 7274619 TI - [Introduction to a meeting on chronic alcoholic hepatitis]. PMID- 7274618 TI - A stem-line model for cellular and chromosomal differentiation in early mouse development. AB - Differentiation in mouse embryo development is represented formally by means of a stem-line model in which: 1. Individual choices are structured so that only a fraction of the cells of a given population receive a signal to undergo a change of state that results in a departure from the stem line. 2. Development proceeds by a series of restrictions in potency of all the cells in the stem line. 3. The stem line harbours the germ cells. 4. The germ cells are returned to a state of totipotency by some event(s) leading to meiosis. PMID- 7274620 TI - [Physiopathology of alcoholic hepatitis]. PMID- 7274621 TI - [Epidemiological notes on alcoholic hepatitis (with special reference to the province of Piacenza)]. PMID- 7274622 TI - [Clinico-pathogenetic problems and therapeutic approach in hepatic steatosis]. PMID- 7274623 TI - In vitro carcinogenesis of hepatocytes obtained from acetylaminofluorene-treated rat liver and promotion of their growth by phenobarbital. AB - The hepatic cells of rats being fed acetylaminofluorene were transferred into culture at various times. Proliferative hepatocytic foci were obtained from animals treated with the carcinogen for more than 9 weeks. These hepatocytic foci became transplantable and capable of growth in soft agar after 4 to 12 months in culture. Phenobarbital markedly enhanced the growth of these hepatocytes in culture. PMID- 7274624 TI - Target-cell cytotoxicity of a hybrid of Fab' on immunoglobulin and A-chain of ricin. AB - As an approach to the development of new antitumor agents, a hybrid in which one molecule of the Fab' fragment of a rabbit anti-murine leukemia L1210 immunoglobulin G (IgG) was linked to the A-chain of ricin via a disulfide bone was prepared by the reaction of A-chain having one reactive thiol group with Fab' having one activated cysteine residue, followed by chromatography on Sephadex G 150 superfine. The hybrid exhibited a potent cytotoxicity towards L1210, whereas unconjugated Fab', unconjugated A-chain, or an equimolar mixture of the two showed no significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the hybrid with Fab' of normal IgG had no cytotoxicity towards L1210 cells. The results indicate that the hybrid manifests its toxic activity towards the target cells through binding of its Fab' moiety of cell surface antigens. PMID- 7274626 TI - Induction of intestinal metaplasia in the glandular stomach of rats by X irradiation prior to oral administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. AB - CD/CRJ rats were subjected to localized X-irradiation of the stomach and given N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in the drinking water. Rats given MNNG alone and non-treated rats were used as controls. Upon sacrifice at 15 months after the initial MNNG administration, intestinal metaplasia was observed; the histology was of complete type and the incidence was 100% in rats treated with X rays and MNNG, whereas in rats treated with MNNG alone the intestinal metaplasia was of incomplete type and its incidence was 80%. However, the incidence of gastric cancer in rats treated with MNNG alone was 25%. PMID- 7274625 TI - Some chemotherapeutic properties of two new antitumor antibiotics, saframycins A and C. AB - The antitumor activity of saframycin was examined against four different experimental tumor systems in mice. Saframycin A and C inhibited the growth of L1210 cells in suspension culture completely at concentrations of 0.02 microgram/ml and 1.0 microgram/ml, respectively. The LD50's of saframycin A for ddY mice were 4.9 mg/kg (ip) and 3.3 mg/kg (iv), respectively. In C3H/He mice, the LD50's were 10.5 mg/kg (ip) and 9.7 mg/kg (iv), respectively. Saframycin A was highly active against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and P388 leukemia, and moderately active against L1210 leukemia and B16 melanoma. The antitumor activity of saframycin A was 50 to 100 times greater than that of saframycin C. The survivors cured of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma by treatment with saframycin A developed a resistance to rechallenge with the same tumor. On the other hand, when carbazilquinone and adriamycin were used as reference drugs, the cured mice in these cases did not resist rechallenge with the same tumor. When saframycin A (5 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally into mice, the blood concentration of saframycin A was 4.6 microgram/ml after 30 min, and 2.8 microgram/ml after 1 hr, and the total recovery within 3 hr from the urine was 30%. Saframycin A was found to be distributed widely, though to different extents, in various organs when injected intraperitoneally into mice. PMID- 7274627 TI - Transplacental and neonatal carcinogenesis by 1-butyl-1-nitrosourethan in the ACI/N rat. AB - 1-Butyl-1-nitrosourethan (BNUR) and 1-butylurethane (BUR), a precursor of BNUR, were administered prenatally or neonatally to ACI/N rats. A few neurogenic tumors were induced in the offspring of mother rats that had received BNUR at the late stage of pregnancy and in the animals that had received one subcutaneous injection of BNUR within 24 hr after birth. No neurogenic tumors were observed in rats treated with BUR prenatally or neonatally. PMID- 7274628 TI - An ultrastructural study of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the pancreas in Syrian golden hamsters induced by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine. AB - Transmission electron microscopic studies of precancerous and cancerous lesions in the pancreas of hamsters induced by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) are presented. BOP was injected subcutaneously once weekly for 10 weeks and hamsters were sacrificed every 5 weeks after initiation of the experiment. The ultrastructural findings indicated that serial changes occurred in the epithelium of the pancreatic duct. The epithelial cells became cuboidal and showed increased secretions at 5 weeks. Probably precancerous cells with prominent nucleoli and irregular rough endoplasmic reticulum were found in the main duct at 10 weeks. At 15 weeks, pancreatic tumors forming a duct arrangement were seen, in good accord with the histological appearance. Well differentiated adenocarcinoma cells showing a tubular pattern had oval nuclei with granular chromatin. Poorly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum was irregularly distributed throughout the cytoplasm and the cell surface was covered with microvilli. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed poor gland formation and had distorted nuclei with prominent nucleoli. These cells were loosely joined. Mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum were poorly developed, and the tumor cells were devoid of secretory granules. The most characteristic and common change of the precancerous and cancerous lesions in this experiment was the appearance of numerous microvilli on the luminal surface and loss of cytodifferentiation. These findings were obviously different from those of normal epithelial cells or those seen in inflammation. The findings in this study confirm that the pancreatic carcinoma induced by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine in Syrian hamsters is of duct cell origin. No evidence of acinar cells was obtained. PMID- 7274629 TI - The effects of various chemicals on the development of hyperplastic liver nodules in hepatectomized rats treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine or N-2 fluorenylacetamide. AB - The effects of various hepatocarcinogenic, non-hepatocarcinogenic and non carcinogenic chemicals on the induction of hyperplastic liver nodules by N nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) or N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) as an initiator were studied in male Fischer 344 rats. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 200 mg of DEN/kg body weight or were fed on basal diet containing 200 ppm of 2-FAA for 2 weeks, and then given various test chemicals starting from week 3. They were also partially hepatectomized in week 3. All animals were killed at the end of week 8 and examined histologically. For quantitative analysis, hyperplastic nodules in the liver were measured with a color video image processor, VIP-21C. The effect of various chemicals in rats treated with DEN or with 2-FAA were compared. The production of hyperplastic liver nodules was greatest in rats treated with strong hepatocarcinogens, and less in rats treated with weak hepatocarcinogens. Very few hyperplastic nodules were produced after treatment with non-hepatocarcinogens or noncarcinogens. Hyperplastic nodules were formed in rats treated with phenobarbital, which is a hepatopromoter. Saccharin, which is a urinary bladder promoter, did not enhance the production of hyperplastic nodules in the liver. These results indicate that many hepatocarcinogens enhance liver carcinogenesis. The classification of chemicals as liver carcinogens is discussed on the basis of the results. PMID- 7274630 TI - Metabolic fate of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine in the rat. AB - The metabolic fate of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) was studied in the rat, to investigate the possibility of a relationship between urinary metabolites and organotropic carcinogenicity to the urinary bladder of this N nitrosamine. The principal urinary metabolite of BBN was identified as N-butyl-N (3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine (BCPN). Several minor metabolites characterized were transformation products of BCPN formed by beta-oxidation according to the Knoop mechanism, i.e., N-butyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-propyl)nitrosamine, N-butyl-N (carboxymethyl)nitrosamine and N-butyl-N-(2-oxopropyl)nitrosamine; glucuronic acid conjugates of BBN and BCPN were also detected. No BBN was detected in the urine. A possible correlation of the urinary excretion of BCPN with selective induction of bladder tumors by BBN in rats is discussed in relation to the carcinogenic action of BCPN. PMID- 7274631 TI - Metabolic fate of N,N-dibutylnitrosamine in the rat. AB - The metabolic fate of N,N-dibutylnitrosamine (DBN) was studied in the rat, to elucidate the possibility of a correlation between its metabolism and its organotropic carcinogenicity to the urinary bladder and other organs. It was extensively metabolized in the rat, no unchanged DBN being found in the urine. DNA underwent metabolic transformation in at least three ways. The major pathways demonstrated on the basis of urinary metabolites were omega- and (omega-1) oxidations of one butyl chain to give N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine (BCPN) and N-butyl-N-(3-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, respectively. The third minor pathway was (omega-2)-oxidation of the butyl chain to afford N-butyl-N-(2 hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. Both hydroxylated metabolites were excreted into the urine as such and as their glucuronic acid conjugates. The omega-oxidation of DBN to BCPN is responsible for the induction of bladder tumors in rats, while the products of the (omega-1)- or (omega-2)-oxidation may be involved in tumor induction in the liver. PMID- 7274633 TI - 5-Di-(2'-tetrahydropyranyl)secalonic acid D as a new antibiotic derivative with anticancer activity. AB - A pyranyl derivative was chemically synthesized from secalonic acid D, an antibiotic obtained from culture filtrates of Penicillium oxalium, and its anticancer activity towards a highly antigenic rat bladder cancer, BC-47, implanted into inbred ACI/N rat was studied. The anticancer effect of the drug was similar to that of adriamycin. Delayed initiation of treatment, starting 5 days after the cancer implantation, was more effective than treatment starting from day 1. In addition, it was less effective in an immunodeficient host subsequently implanted with BC-47. This compound is thought to retard the cancer cell growth until the appearance of tumor immunity in the host. PMID- 7274634 TI - Effect of leupeptin, a protease inhibitor, on the development of spontaneous tumors in strain A mice. AB - The effect of leupeptin, a protease inhibitor, on the development of spontaneous tumors was studied in strain A mice. Three-week-old mice were divided into two groups: one group was fed on diet containing 0.1% leupeptin and the other was fed on basal diet. The experiment was terminated 480 days after the start of a administration of the leupeptin diet. Almost all animals survived until the end of the experiment. In the group given the leupeptin diet, 15 of 50 mice developed liver tumors (14 of 25 males and 1 of 25 females). In the control group, only male mice developed liver tumors (4 of 23 males). There was a significant difference between the incidences of liver tumors in males fed leupeptin diet and basal diet, but there was not in the case of females. PMID- 7274632 TI - Changes in the glycogen phosphorylase isozyme pattern of AH130 during cell growth. AB - Changes in the glycogen phosphorylase isozyme patterns of AH130 and AH66F during cell growth were investigated immunochemically and electrophoretically. The content of the liver-like type increased as the cell growth in the ascites decreased, while the level of the fetal type (or prototype) remained approximately constant. The isozyme shift from the fetal type to liver-like type was more marked in subcutaneous solid AH130. In AH130 cells cultured in vitro under growth-inhibited conditions, the content of the hybrid between the above two types was increased, with increased amount of liver-like subunit. These results indicate that the phosphorylase isozyme patterns of Yoshida ascites hepatomas vary during cell growth under different conditions. PMID- 7274635 TI - Induction of hyperplastic liver nodules by phenobarbital in rats initiated with N butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. PMID- 7274636 TI - Forestomach tumors induced by orally administered epichlorohydrin in male Wistar rats. PMID- 7274637 TI - Metabolic fate of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine homologs in the rat, in relation to their organotropic carcinogenicity to the urinary bladder. AB - The metabolic fate of alkyl homologs (alkyl=methyl, ethyl, propyl, pentyl, and tert-butyl) of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN), a potent bladder carcinogen, was investigated in the rat, in order to elucidate any possible correlation of structure and metabolism with organospecific carcinogenicity to the urinary bladder of these N-nitrosamines. They were extensively metabolized in the rat, no unchanged compounds being found in the urine. The metabolic pattern of these alkyl homologs of BBN was essentially similar to that of BBN. Their principal urinary metabolite was the corresponding N-alkyl-N-(3 carboxypropyl)nitrosamine except in the case of the pentyl homolog. Minor metabolites characterized were subsequent transformation products of the principal metabolite by beta-oxidation according to the Knoop mechanism (i.e., N alkyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine, N-alkyl-N (carboxymethyl)nitrosamine and N-alkyl-N-(2-oxopropyl)nitrosamine) and the glucuronic acid conjugate excretion of the N-alkyl-N-(c-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine with selective induction of bladder cancer by the N-alkyl-N-(4 hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine in rats is discussed. PMID- 7274638 TI - Inhibition of mouse natural killer activity by cholera toxin. AB - The treatment of mouse spleen cells with cholera toxin (CT) extracted from Vibrio cholerae greatly reduced natural killer (NK) activity. The inhibition of NK activity was rapidly induced by CT treatment and persisted in the absence of CT. Even a very small amount of CT, such as 0.1 ng/ml, was effective in inhibiting NK activity. The inhibitory effect of CT on NK activity was lost upon preabsorption of CT with brain tissues, but not upon preabsorption with liver or kidney tissues. PMID- 7274639 TI - Sister-chromatid exchanges are not directly related to 6-thioguanine-resistant mutations induced by ultraviolet radiation in V79 Chinese hamster cells. AB - A comparison of the effects of caffeine on ultraviolet (UV)-induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and 6-thioguanine-resistant (6-TGr) mutations was attempted in order to study how the SCE mechanism correlates with mutagenesis. The linear UV dose-mutation relation indicated that the presence of 1mM caffeine during the 6-day expression period prior to the 6-TG selection did not alter the 6-TGr mutation induction rate. However, 1mM caffeine synergistically elevated the rate of UV-induced, immediate SCE formation, but did not alter the delayed SCE frequency in the 6-day survivors. These results indicate a clear dissociation of SCE from mutation, and suggest that SCE formation may not primarily involve the mutagenic process, but may rather be an error-proof mechanism that can tolerate some of DNA lesions. PMID- 7274640 TI - Effect of hormonal milieu on the growth of transplantable granulosa cell tumors in mice. AB - Two transplantable granulosa cell tumor lines (designated as T and M lines) induced in mice by intrasplenic ovarian grafting were established. The hormonal milieu which promotes the growth of transplantable granulosa cell tumors was investigated in the present work. The inoculation of the T line tumors into host animals led to tumor formation in intact and gonadectomized animals, but not in hypophysectomized animals.Subcutaneous grafts in intact male hosts were significantly large than those in gonadectomized male hosts, whereas tumors of approximately equal size were formed in androgen-treated gonadectomized male hosts. These results indicate that both androgens and gonadotropins promote the tumor growth in vivo. The behavior of the M line tumors was similar to that of the T line tumors. When the cell growth of the M line tumors was examined in culture, steroid hormone depletion in medium did not affect the growth of the tumor cells, nor did androgen have a growth-promoting effect in serum-free medium or in medium supplemented with charcoal-extracted male mouse serum. It was concluded that the growth-promoting effect of androgens is not direct, and that androgens themselves or their derivative estrogens may produce specific growth factors, which in turn promote the tumor growth in vivo. PMID- 7274642 TI - Dose-dependent enhancing effect of phenobarbital on hepatocarcinogenesis initiated by diethylnitrosamine in the rat. AB - Sequential feeding of various dose levels of phenobarbital (PB) after diethylnitrosamine (DENA) administration revealed that the enhancing effect of PB on hepatocarcinogenesis was dose-dependent. The highest dose level of PB, 0.2% in the diet, greatly enhanced the formation of tumors larger than 5mm in diameter. Tumors obtained in the 0.2% PB feeding group were more numerous and larger in size than those in th 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1% PB feeding groups. although it took longer, the enhancing effect of 0.01% PB feeding was evident when DENA had been administered for 3 weeks, while the same dose level of PB clearly enhanced hepatocarcinogenesis when the carcinogen had been given for 5 weeks. PMID- 7274641 TI - An approach to the design and synthesis of mercaptoimidazole derivatives containing oxidized sulfur based on electron affinity sensitization. AB - New mercaptoimidazole derivatives containing oxidized sulfur were designed and synthesized for screening with hypoxic radioresistant cells in place of nitroimidazoles, which are well-known radiosensitizing agents. The electron affinities of various mercaptoimidazole derivatives such as the sulfoxide (4) and sulfone (5) were estimated on the basis of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) by using the CDNO/2 method. Compounds (4) and (5) thus designed were synthesized from the sulfide (3) by metaperiodate oxidation in 72% and 89% yields, respectively. No appreciable activity was observed with these compounds upon in vitro screening, probably due to their low water-solubility. Nevertheless, this approach may be useful for the development of improved radiosensitizers provided that mercaptoimidazole derivatives with adequate water solubility can be obtained. PMID- 7274643 TI - Induction of duodenal tumors in mice by oral administration of hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 7274644 TI - A variant translocation (8;22) in a Japanese patient with Burkitt lymphoma. PMID- 7274645 TI - In vivo distribution of 14C-labeled N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in mice. AB - In order to clarify the pharmacological characteristics of N4-behenoyl-1-beta-d arabinofuranosylcytosine (BHAC) and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (AraC) with regard to their distribution in vivo, 14C-labeled BHAC and 13C-labeled AraC were injected intravenously into mice. Their in vivo distribution was determined by whole-body macroautoradiography and by an oxidation method. The disappearance rates of BHAC[cytosine-2-14C] and BHAC[behenoyl-l-14C] from the blood were slower than that of AraC[cytosine-2-14C], and the elimination rates of BHAC[cytosine-2 14C] and BHAC[behenoyl-14C] into the urine and feces were also slower than that of AraC[cytosine-2-14C]. The total amounts of BHAC[cytosine-2-14C] and BHAC[behenoyl-1-14C] eliminated within 48 hr after the injection were small. AraC[cytosine-2-14C] was equally distributed in each organ, while large amounts of BHAC[cytosine-2-14C] were found in and the placentae. The BHAC[behenoyl-1 14C]level in the thymus was lower than that of BHAC[cytosine-2-14C]. A very low level of radioactivity was found in most of the organs 6 hr after the injection of Arac[cytosine-2-14C], but BHAC[cytosine-2-14C] was observed even 24 hr after the injection. Radioactivity was still found in the liver, spleen, kidneys and adrenal glands of mice injected with BHAC[behenoyl-1-14C] even after 72 hr. In pregnant mice, AraC]cytosine-2-14C] was transmitted to the fetuses, but only a very small amount of 14C-BHAC was transmitted to the fetuses. PMID- 7274647 TI - Changes of sterol metabolism during 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis. AB - Changes of sterol metabolism in mouse skin treated with a chemical carcinogen were studied by thin layer and gas-liquid chromatographic analyses, and it was found that some sterols disappeared from the skin. These sterols were identified as members of one of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathways, which proceeds through intermediates with saturated side chains. Furthermore, based on the results of an experiment performed with animals that had been treated with a metabolic inhibitor, azacholesterol, it is suggested that the disappearance of these sterols may be due to enzyme repression instead of increased activity of the pathway. The other biosynthetic pathway for cholesterol synthesis, which proceeds through intermediates with unsaturated side chains, was rather stimulated by the application of this chemical carcinogen to mouse skin. This change in sterol metabolism may be intimately related to the process of chemical carcinogenesis of mouse skin. PMID- 7274648 TI - Effect of cellular reaction in gastric cancer tissue and in regional lymph nodes on the mitotic activity of cancer cells. AB - An in vivo stathmokinetic technique was used to analyze the mitotic activity of cancer cells from 47 gastric cancer patients. The effect of cellular reaction in cancer tissues and regional lymph nodes on the mitotic activity of cancer cells was examined. Based on the main kind of infiltrating cells in cancer tissues, the cellular reaction was classified into agranulocyte (lymphoid leukocyte) type and granulocyte type. Agranulocyte type was found in 40 cases. The mitotic activity of cancer cells was examined in relation to the degree of agranulocyte infiltration: the average mitotic index in cancer cells 16 hr aft a single dose (0.02 mg/kg body weight) of vincristine sulfate was 91.5% in 22 cases of trace and slight infiltration, 81.3% in 12 cases of moderate infiltration and 53.2% in 6 cases of marked infiltration. The 3 values of mitotic index were significantly different from one another. The relationship between the average mitotic index of cancer cells in primary cancer lesions and the 4 groups of regional lymph node reaction was examined. However, statistically significant results were not obtained. These results suggest that the infiltration of agranulocytes in cancer tissues affects the mitotic activity of cancer cells, and that moderate and marked degrees of infiltration suppress the mitotic activity. It was also suggested that the reaction of regional lymph nodes does not affect the mitotic activity of cancer cells in primary cancer lesions. PMID- 7274646 TI - Spinal tumors induced by neonatal administration of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in Wistar rats. AB - The carcinogenic effect of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) administered by single neonatal injection (40 mg/kg) was examined in wistar rats. By 2 months after ENU administration, 30% of the examined animals had spinal cord tumors. After months all rats had neurogenic tumors, and the incidence of spinal tumor was as high as 86%. Spinal cord tumors were observed at all levels of the white matter of the spinal cord without any predilection site, though spinal root tumors were located exclusively on lumbosacral plexuses. Most of the spinal cord tumors were oligodedrogliomas or glioependymomas, whereas all the spinal root tumors were anaplastic schwannomas. PMID- 7274649 TI - Comparative histochemical and biochemical assays of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients. AB - Estrogen receptors (ER) in breast cancer tissue were determined in 51 patients by a histochemical method with estradiol-17 beta-bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate and were compared with those in the adjacent tissue determined by biochemical method, i.e., the sucrose density gradient (SDG) and dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) methods. Excluding one non-evaluable case, 26 specimens were ER(+) and 24 were ER(-) in histochemical assay. The presence of ER(+) cells in histochemical assay was not related to menopause or to the molecular pattern of ER determined by the ASG method, or to the histological type of cancer. The percentage of fluorescent cells to all cancer cells was not related to the number of binding sites of ER determined by the DCC method. As determined by the histochemical assay, breast cancer cells having ER accounted for 20 to 100% of all cancer cells examined and ER(+) cells were in clumps or intermixed with ER(-) cells in cancer tissue. The co-existence of Er(+) and Er(-) cells may be one reason for the fact that surgical ablation of breast cancer rarely results in complete tumor regression. PMID- 7274650 TI - Antitumor activity of a new compound, ethyl O-[N-(p-carboxyphenyl)-carbamoyl] mycophenolate, against various experimental tumors upon oral administration. AB - A newly synthesized mycophenolic acid (MPA) derivative, ethyl O-[N-(p carboxyphenyl)-carbamoyl]-mycophenolate (CAM, NSC-297879D) was tested for antitumor activity, when given orally, against transplantable murine tumors. The compound was markedly effective against transplantable murine tumors. The compound was markedly effective against leukemia P388 and L1210, lymphoma L5178Y, mastocytoma P815 and sarcoma Meth-A, moderately effective against sarcoma-180, C3MC2 and BAMC1, Ehrlich carcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma and melanoma B16 and marginally effective against hepatoma MH134. The antitumor effects were manifested not only in growth inhibitory effects on subcutaneously transplanted tumors but also in the prolongation of life span of mice int which the tumors had been inoculated intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. The growth of primary transplants of a mammary tumor which developed spontaneously in a C3H/He mouse was inhibited by consecutive administration of CAM frm the 34th day after the transplantation. Oral CAM was more potent than its mother compound, MPA, in the tumor models examined. These results indicate that orally administered CAM has a wide antitumor spectrum. PMID- 7274652 TI - The effects of naturally occurring bisdihydrofuran ring-containing mycotoxins on cultured chick embryonal hepatocytes. AB - The cytotoxicity of 16 naturally occurring mycotoxins which contain the bisdihydrofuran ring was evaluated by electron-microscopy and radioautography in a primary culture of chick embryonal hepatocytes. A series of nucleolar changes occurred, including the appearance of microsegregation (stage I), concentration of nucleolar structure (stage II), formation of macrosegregation, fragmentation of nucleoli, and the appearance of homogeneously granular nucleoli (stage III). These nucleolar changes correlate well with the inhibition of RNA synthesis calculated from the results of radioautography. The compounds containing a 2,3 double bond in the bisdihydrofuran ring were most toxic. However, it was clear that there was a remarkable difference between mycotoxins of angular type (group A) and those of linear type (group C). Therefore, not only the active site in the molecule but also the shape of the molecule may play an important role in the cytotoxicity of these mycotoxins. PMID- 7274653 TI - Identification of a serum glycoprotein that increased in OK-432-treated mice as hemopexin. AB - LB, the antitumor protein whose level is increased in the serum of OK-432-treated mice, was identified as hemopexin, which is a serum beta-glycoprotein having a heme-binding capability. When incubated with heme, LB showed several absorption maxima in the ultraviolet and visible regions, and the addition of dithionite increased the extinction of the Soret band, which was shifted to a longer wavelength. The ultraviolet circular dichroism spectrum of LB exhibits a positive maximum at 292 nm and a shoulder near 280 nm. The far ultraviolet CD spectrum of LB has a prominent positive maximum at 231 nm. These spectral characteristics are identical with those of rabbit, rat or human hemopexin. In addition, the relative mobility on polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and the results of amino acid analysis ae in very good agreement with results obtained previously for rabbit and human hemopexins. Since LB has enhancing effects on the tumor cell killing and binding by OK-432-elicited macrophages, these results strongly imply that the increase of hemopexin in serum plays an important role in the host mediated antitumor activity of certain antitumor drugs. PMID- 7274651 TI - Distribution of in vitro-stimulated immune lymphocytes in mice bearing Moloney murine sarcoma virus-induced primary tumor. AB - The distribution of in vitro-stimulated immune lymphocytes in tumor-bearing mice was studied. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice which had regressed Moloney murine sarcoma virus (M-MSV)-induced primary tumors, were sensitized in vitro by using Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced BALB/c lymphoma (LSTRA). Lymphocytes obtained 6 days after stimulation were examined for cytotoxic activity against LSTRA cells, labeled with 51 Cr or 99mTc, and inoculated into mice bearing MSv induced primary tumors. The distribution of 52Cr-labeled lymphocytes was determined by counting the radioactivity of each organ. Compared to normal lymphocytes, in vitro-stimulated lymphocytes accumulated significantly in tumor tissues and lymphatic organs. The accumulation of MSV-immune lymphocytes in tumor tissues was not evident in 3-methylcholanthrene-induced BALB/c fibrosarcoma, suggesting the operation of specific mechanisms of accumulation of immune lymphocytes. Scintigraphy was performed by inoculating the 99mTc-labeled lymphocytes via the tail vein the tumor-bearing mice. Visualization of the tumor was possible in mice given in vitro-stimulated lymphocytes. PMID- 7274654 TI - An acetylcholinesterase-deficient mutant of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Within a set of five separable molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase found in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, previously reported differences in kinetic properties identify two classes, A and B, likely to be under separate genetic control. Using differences between these classes in sensitivity to inactivation by sodium deoxycholate, a screening procedure was devised to search for mutants affected only in class A forms. Among 171 previously isolated behavioral and morphological mutant strains examined by this procedure, one (PR946) proved to be of the expected type, exhibiting a selective deficiency of class A acetylcholinesterase forms. Although originally isolated because of its uncoordinated behavior, this strain was subsequently shown to harbor mutations in two genes; one in the previously identified gene unc-3, accounting for its behavior, and one in a newly identified gene, ace-1, accounting for its selective acetylcholinesterase deficiency. Derivatives homozygous only for the ace-1 mutation also lacked class A acetylcholinesterase forms, but were behaviorally and developmentally indistinguishable from wild type. The gene ace-1 has been mapped near the right end of the X chromosome. Gene dosage experiments suggest that it may be a structural gene for a component of class A acetylcholinesterase forms. PMID- 7274655 TI - A second class of acetylcholinesterase-deficient mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - In JOHNSON et al. (1981), the Caenorhabditis elegans mutant strain PR1000, homozygous for the ace-1 mutation p1000, is shown to be deficient in the class A subset of acetylcholinesterases, which comprises approximately one-half of the total C. elegans acetylcholinesterase activity. Beginning with this strain, we have isolated 487 new behavioral and morphological mutant strains. Two of these, independently derived, lack approximately 98% of the wild-type acetylcholinesterase activity and share the same specific uncoordinated phenotype; both move forward in a slow and uncoordinated manner, and when mechanically stimulated to induce reversal, both hypercontract and become temporarily paralyzed. In addition to the ace-1 mutation, both strains also harbor recessive mutations in the same newly identified gene, ace-2, which maps to chromosome I and is therefore not linked to ace-1. Gene dosage experiments suggest that ace-2 is a structural gene for the remaining class B acetylcholinesterases, which are not affected by ace-1.--The uncoordinated phenotype of the newly isolated, doubly mutant strains depends on both the ace-1 and ace-2 mutations; homozygosity for either mutation alone produces normally coordinated animals. This result implies functional overlap of the acetylcholinesterases controlled by ace-1 and ace-2, perhaps at common synapses. Consistent with this, light microscopic histochemical staining of permeabilized whole mounts indicates some areas of possible spatial overlap of these acetylcholinesterases (nerve ring, longitudinal nerve cords). In addition, there is at least one area where only ace-2-controlled acetylcholinesterase activity appears (pharyngeo-intestinal valve). PMID- 7274657 TI - Genetics of aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes in the mouse: evidence for multiple loci and localization of Ahd-2 on chromosome 19. AB - Electrophoretic and activity variation of the cytoplasmic isozyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase (designated AHD-B4) was observed among inbred strains and Harwell linkage-testing stocks of Mus musculus. The phenotypes are inherited in a normal Mendelian fashion, with two alleles showing co-dominant expression at a single locus (Ahd-2). The locus was shown to segregate independently of Ahd-1 (encoding the mitochondrial AHD-A2 isozymes on chromosome 4; HOLMES 1978). Linkage data of Ahd-2 with ep (pale ears), ru (ruby eyes) and bm (brachymorphic) suggest that it is localized near the centromeric end of chromosome 19. Electrophoretic evidence for a third AHD isozyme (designated AHD-Cy), which is predominantly localized in the liver microsomal fraction, is also presented. PMID- 7274656 TI - A second informational suppressor, SUP-7 X, in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - More than 30 independent suppressor mutations have been obtained in the nematode C. elegans through reversion analysis of two unc-13 mutants. Many of the new isolates map to the region of the previously identified informational suppressor, sup-5 III (WATERSTON and BRENNER 1978). Several of the other suppressor mutations map to the left half of the X-linkage group and define a second suppressor gene, sup-7 X. In tests against 40 mutations in six genes, the sup-7(st5) allele was found to suppress to a greater extent the same alleles acted on by sup-5(e1464). Like sup-5(e1464), sup-7(st5) acts on null alleles of the myosin heavy-chain gene unc-54 I (MACLEOD et al. 1977; MACLEOD, WATERSTON and BRENNER 1977) and the putative paramyosin gene unc-15 I (WATERSTON et al. 1977). Chemical analysis of unc-15(e1214); sup-7(st5) animals show that paramyosin is restored to more than 30% of the wild-type level.--As was observed for sup-5(e1464), suppression by sup 7(st5) is dose dependent and is greater in animals grown at 15 degrees than at 25 degrees. However, associated with this increased suppression is a decreased viability of sup-7(st5) homozygotes. Reversion of the lethality has resulted in the isolation of deficiency mutations that complement st5 lethality, but lack suppressor function. These properties of sup-7(st5) suggest that it, like sup 5(e1464), is an information suppressor of null alleles, and its reversion via deficiencies further narrows the possible explanations of its action. PMID- 7274660 TI - Response to selection at two temperatures for fast and slow growth from five to nine weeks of age in poultry. AB - Cornell Control White Leghorn chicks were grown in a common environment to five weeks of age and selected for fast and slow gain in body weight from five to nine weeks of age at two temperatures, 21.1 degrees (cold) and 32.2 degrees (hot), during which time a constant 50% relative humidity was maintained. All lines were tested each generation in both temperature environments. Selection continued for four generations, with a second replicate started six weeks after the first replicate in each generation. In the hot environment, a 20% reduction (104 g) in five-to-nine-week weight gain was found. The responses to selection for fast and slow growth were symmetrical except in the first generation, when an outbreak of bronchitis confounded selection for body weight with selection for disease resistance and allowed little gain in the slow lines. No genotype-by-environment interactions were found, indicating that selection in either direction in either selection temperature produced equal responses in either test temperature. This suggests that any interactions observed between the growth of strains in tropical vs. temperature climates must be due to some difference between these environments other than the temperature differences studied. PMID- 7274658 TI - Analysis of pleiotropism at the dominant white-spotting (W) locus of the house mouse: a description of ten new W alleles. AB - Characterization of the pleiotropic effects of ten new putative W locus mutations, nine co-isogenic and one highly congenic with the C57BL/6J strain, reveals a wide variety of influences upon pigmentation, blood formation and gametogenesis. None of the putative alleles, each of which is closely linked to Ph, a gene 0.1 cM from W, gave evidence of complementation with W39, a new allele previously shown to be allelic to Wv. All W/W39 genotypes resulted in black-eyed white anemics with reduced gametogenic activity. Homozygotes for seven of these mutations are lethal during perinatal life; anemic embryos have been identified in litters produced by intercross matings involving each of these alleles.- Phenotypes of mice of several mutant genotypes provide exceptions to the frequent observation that a double dose of dominant W alleles (e.g., W/Wv or W/W) results in defects of corresponding severity in each of the three affected tissues. One viable homozygote has little or no defect in blood formation, and another appears to have normal fertility. The phenotypes of these homozygotes support the conclusion that the three tissue defects are not dependent on each other for their appearance and probably do not result from a single physiological disturbance during the development of the embryo.--Although homozygosity for members of this series results in a wide range of phenotypes, the absence of complementation of any allele with W39, the close proximity of each mutant to Ph, and the fact that all alleles produce detectable (though sometimes marginal) defects in the same tissues affected by W and Wv, support the hypothesis that each new mutant gene is a W allele. PMID- 7274659 TI - The genetics of Drosophila subobscura populations. XVII. Further genic heterogeneity within electromorphs by urea denaturation and the effect of the increased genic variability on linkage disequilibrium studies. AB - Urea denaturation of allozymes was used to provide finer resolution of allelic states within classes of different electrophoretic mobility. This method gives perfectly repeatable results. About 170 isogenic strains for the O chromosome of Drosophila subobscura, derived from two natural populations, were constructed. Their gene arrangements were studied, as well as eight polymorphic genes located on the O chromosome (Est-5, Odh, Ao, ME, Xdh, Lap, Pept-1 and Acph). Crosses performed indicate that differences in urea sensitivity are genetically controlled by the same genes that control electrophoretic mobility. Twice as many alleles have been detected in comparison to the usual electrophoretic method. However, the effective number of alleles did not increase considerably. Studies of linkage disequilibria, by taking into account the finer resolution of allelic states, gave results nearly identical with those obtained in studies where the usual electrophoretic method was used. Although the power of the test is diminished, the absence of genic associations seems to indicate that there are no hidden linkage disequilibria in electrophoretic studies (because of consolidation effects of real alleles into few electromorph classes). The paucity of linkage disequilibria would indicate that there are no epistatic interactions such as those suggested in the model of FRANKLIN and LEWONTIN (1970). PMID- 7274661 TI - Problems in statistical studies on protein polymorphism in natural populations. PMID- 7274662 TI - The control of body size in mouse chimaeras. PMID- 7274663 TI - A gene (Neu-1) on chromosome 17 of the mouse affects acid alpha-glucosidase and codes for neuraminidase. PMID- 7274664 TI - The growth of mice selected for large and small size in relation to food intake and the efficiency of conversion. PMID- 7274665 TI - The genetics of tasting in mice. I. Sucrose octaacetate. PMID- 7274666 TI - What does it mean when a patient falls? part II: evaluation and treatment of injuries. PMID- 7274667 TI - Recognizing and treating dementia. PMID- 7274668 TI - The importance of autopsies in geriatric medicine. PMID- 7274670 TI - Diabetes and stroke: coping with the consequences. PMID- 7274671 TI - Getting elderly patients to eat properly. PMID- 7274669 TI - Managing coronary spasm in the elderly ... a new way to prevent MI? PMID- 7274673 TI - Questions -and answers- on hyperlipidemia. PMID- 7274672 TI - Drug-induced liver disease. PMID- 7274674 TI - Liver disease: diet, diuretics, or shunting? PMID- 7274675 TI - Preventing senile dementia: hope for the future. PMID- 7274677 TI - Sleep disorders: coping with a waking nightmare. PMID- 7274676 TI - Office management of thyroid nodules in the elderly. PMID- 7274680 TI - When is coronary arteriography indicated? PMID- 7274679 TI - What does it mean when a patient falls? Part I: pinpointing the cause. PMID- 7274678 TI - Dietary prevention of bone loss in the elderly. PMID- 7274681 TI - Beyond rate of living. AB - The validity of the rate of living theory of aging in mammals has been seriously questioned over the last two decades because it does not account for the life span of many mammalian species. However, though this concept is an oversimplification and inapplicable in general, this does not mean that aging is unrelated to cellular metabolic processes. In general agreement with previous discussions, it can be stated that the rate of aging is proportional to the difference between the rate of cellular entropy production (which is by necessity roughly proportional to the rate of cellular biochemical processes and thus specific metabolic rate) and the cellular "counterentropic' mechanisms (such as cellular repair, antioxidant protection, etc.). These counterentropic mechanisms may have evolved to a different degree in some mammals. This could be effected indirectly by natural selection of certain traits, particularly those expressed in differences in the rates of embryonic and postnatal development. These rates, relatively to basal metabolic rate, determine a species' rate of becoming, which is proposed to be a predictor of mammalian life span. Data from 22 species, from shrew to elephant, with representatives from the main mammalian orders (including many exceptions to the rate of living concept), agree with this hypothesis. A mechanism underlying such natural selection, proposed elsewhere, is based on differential selection pressures among orders for which the different life-styles (particularly with respect to the birth of young) are responsible. PMID- 7274682 TI - Arterial compliance, systolic pressure and heart rate in elderly women at rest and on exercise. AB - In two groups of elderly women, the relationships between arterial compliance estimated by pulse wave velocity (PWV), and systolic blood pressure (SP), heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption and the time taken to run 400 m have been studies. Both at rest and with increasing levels of exercise, faster PWVs are associated with higher SPs. These is a tendency for resting HR to be higher with faster PWVs. The changes in HR and oxygen consumption from resting values are strikingly increased with faster PWVs. The time taken over 400 m rises as arterial compliance falls. Therefore, it seems that, with aging, reduced arterial compliance is a major factor affecting cardiovascular responses to exercise. PMID- 7274684 TI - Distribution of body potassium in healthy elderly subjects. AB - The whole body potassium content of a group of carefully screened, healthy, elderly subjects, mean age 73.5 years, has been accurately measured. The mean content was found to be approximately 10% lower than expected though there was a considerable range of individual values. Some of the interindividual variability could be reduced by taking into account body weight, height and in particular fat free mass. The ratio of whole body potassium to fat-free mass (52.4 +/- 6.7 mmol/kg) was exceptionally low in this healthy group and showed no sex difference. PMID- 7274686 TI - [Ratio of the concentrations of volatile substances escaping from polyvinyl chloride linoleums to the environmental temperature]. PMID- 7274683 TI - Age-related changes of serum 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol in normal men. AB - Serum 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol was measured in 60 normal men aged 23 80 years using sensitive and reliable radioimmunoassay techniques developed in our laboratory. When these normal men were classified into three age groups of 20 40, 40-60 and 60-80 years the values (mean +/- SEM) for serum 5alpha-androstane 3alpha, 17beta-diol were 857.3 +/- 36.3, 878.1 +/- 33.8 and 645.6 +/- 26.6 pmol/l, respectively. There were significant differences between the level of this steroid in the age group 60-80 when compared to either the 20-40 group (p less than 0.001) or the 40-60 group (p less than 0.001). No significance difference was found between the values for the two younger groups. The decline of this steroid with age corresponds with the diminishing level of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone previously reported from this laboratory. PMID- 7274685 TI - [Hygienic principles of the allocation and development of productive forces in different regions of the USSR]. PMID- 7274687 TI - [Experimental study of the gonadotoxic effect of tri-(chloroethyl)-phosphate]. PMID- 7274688 TI - [Psychophysiological criteria of the occupational fitness of healthy persons for the job of typist-stenographer]. PMID- 7274689 TI - [Functional preparedness of deaf children for school instruction]. PMID- 7274690 TI - [Research results in water hygiene and the sanitary protection of reservoirs in the 10th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7274691 TI - [Research results in the field of industrial hygiene and the prevention of occupational diseases in the 10th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7274693 TI - [Tasks of the hygiene community in light of decisions of the 26th Congress of the CPSU]. PMID- 7274692 TI - [Research results of the F. F. Erisman Moscow Research Institute on the problem of child and adolescent hygiene in the 10th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7274694 TI - [Determination of the ethylene chlorohydrin content in the water of reservoirs]. PMID- 7274696 TI - [Determination of heavy metals by inversion voltammetric methods]. PMID- 7274695 TI - [Determination of chromium (VI) in the soil and other environmental objects]. PMID- 7274697 TI - [Summary determination of sintanol, sintamid and sulfonol by a polarographic method]. PMID- 7274698 TI - [Evaluation of the metrologic correctness of photometric methods]. PMID- 7274700 TI - [Arsenic level in the body of persons living in an area with a high content]. PMID- 7274701 TI - [Form change in the exams on hygiene disciplines]. PMID- 7274699 TI - [Results and prospects of using a tissue culture method in the toxicology of medical polymers]. PMID- 7274702 TI - [Organization of the extracurricular activities of Vladivostok vocational and technical school students]. PMID- 7274704 TI - [Sanitary-chemical studies of polyurethane foam-based construction material]. PMID- 7274703 TI - [Quantitative dependence of the course of pathological processes on the intensity of chemical exposure]. PMID- 7274705 TI - [Quality of after purified municipal sewage]. PMID- 7274706 TI - [Experimental basis for the maxim permissible concentration of polyoxypropylenediol in the water of reservoirs]. PMID- 7274707 TI - [Mathematical modeling of poisoning processes in hygienic research]. PMID- 7274708 TI - [Immunological reactivity of experimental animals exposed to carbon monoxide]. PMID- 7274709 TI - [Nickel intake in human saliva from dental alloys]. PMID- 7274710 TI - [Air-purifying function of plants and their relation to light]. PMID- 7274712 TI - [Skin autoflora of miners in the deep coal mines of the Donbass]. PMID- 7274711 TI - [Hygienic aspects of the modern development of the mechanization of chemical plant protection]. PMID- 7274713 TI - [Experimental evaluation of the gonadotoxic effect of Ciodrin]. PMID- 7274714 TI - [Effect of microbial preparations used in agriculture on the intestinal microflora]. PMID- 7274716 TI - [Natural sources of vitamin U and its retention in nutritional products]. PMID- 7274715 TI - [Effect of social hygiene factors on the development of cholecystitis]. PMID- 7274717 TI - [Experience in optimizing student instruction in the procedure for reviewing the construction designs of industrial enterprise]. PMID- 7274718 TI - [Myocardial bioelectrical activity of students during the taking of exams]. PMID- 7274719 TI - [Influence of long-wave ultraviolet radiation on the experimental mutagenic and embryotoxic effects of chemicals]. PMID- 7274720 TI - [Experimental effect of dimethyl sulfate on the immune system and on aging processes]. PMID- 7274721 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of tin dibutylditrifluoroacetate]. PMID- 7274723 TI - [Assessment of the mental work capacity of schoolchildren by the EEG]. PMID- 7274724 TI - [Functional and motor preparedness for passing the standards of the Ready for Labor and Defense test complex as an index to the dynamic health of 7- to 9-year old children]. PMID- 7274722 TI - [Toxicological evaluation of the combined action of manganese, chromium and nickel]. PMID- 7274725 TI - [Safety and efficacy of using antimicrobial linens in maternity homes]. PMID- 7274726 TI - [Role of the Central Institute of Physician Advanced Training in the postgraduate preparation of specialists in child and adolescent hygiene]. PMID- 7274727 TI - [Health education among the operators of ultrasonic defectoscopes]. PMID- 7274728 TI - [Attempt at introducing the elements of student-independent work into the academic process]. PMID- 7274730 TI - [Use of derivatography for the sanitary chemical study of a styrene and methylmethacrylate copolymer]. PMID- 7274731 TI - [Use of a cartographic method for predicting the sanitary status of reservoirs in large industrial districts]. PMID- 7274729 TI - [Food program and the tasks of nutritional hygiene]. PMID- 7274732 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of the components of a gasoline-methanol mixture in air]. PMID- 7274733 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of propyl acetate in air]. PMID- 7274734 TI - [Determination of trace amounts of formaldehyde in air]. PMID- 7274735 TI - [Use of a geochemical mapping method in hygiene research]. PMID- 7274736 TI - [Gas chromatographic method of determining acrylonitrile in air]. PMID- 7274737 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of vinyl chloride in the atmosphere]. PMID- 7274739 TI - [Chromatographic method of determining 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane in water]. PMID- 7274740 TI - [Evaluation of the changes in the weight of animal internal organs in toxicological hygiene research]. PMID- 7274738 TI - [Determination of hydrogen fluoride in air]. PMID- 7274741 TI - [Determination of the fluorine ion in biological tissues]. PMID- 7274742 TI - [Color scale for the objective assessment of special warning clothing by sight]. PMID- 7274744 TI - [Role of the epidemiological health station as a base for training the hygienist and epidemiologist]. PMID- 7274745 TI - [Experience in purifying the industrial sewage in mines]. PMID- 7274743 TI - [Determination of children's readiness for school by using the Kern-Irasek test]. PMID- 7274746 TI - [Experimental evaluation of the toxicity of the hydro-aerosol of circulating waters]. PMID- 7274747 TI - [Planning of obstetrics hospitals]. PMID- 7274748 TI - [Microbiological studies in sewage after purification using sand and grid filters]. PMID- 7274749 TI - [Thermoregulation status and morbidity in coal miners]. PMID- 7274750 TI - [Method of analysing the atmospheric pollution in a large industrial center]. PMID- 7274751 TI - [Toxicology of propylene oxide and its regulation of the water in reservoirs]. PMID- 7274754 TI - [Effect of atmospheric pollution on the incidence of lung cancer]. PMID- 7274752 TI - [Working conditions in ore drawing and conveying using vibrating installations]. PMID- 7274753 TI - [Food preparation methods and the intake of 137Cs in the human diet]. PMID- 7274755 TI - [Treatment of threatened premature labor with fenoterol]. PMID- 7274756 TI - [Behavior of urinary estriol in the pregnant diabetic patient. Analysis of 517 determinations]. PMID- 7274757 TI - [Sisomycin sulfate in obstetric and gynecologic infections]. PMID- 7274758 TI - [Adenomyosis: epidemiologic aspects]. PMID- 7274759 TI - [Hypertrophy of the labia minora. Report of a case]. PMID- 7274760 TI - Endolymphatic stromal myosis of the ovary: a report of three cases and literature review. PMID- 7274761 TI - Radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. PMID- 7274763 TI - The tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flap in gynecologic oncology. PMID- 7274762 TI - A clinical evaluation of the CRE system in adjunctive postoperative radiation treatment of ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 7274764 TI - Association of endometrial tumors with reproductive tract abnormalities in the aged rat. PMID- 7274766 TI - [10 years of BOP Rating Scale for the Elderly]. PMID- 7274765 TI - Cryosurgical treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 7274767 TI - [Characteristics of evaluating nursing home residents in the Netherlands; a rating instrument]. AB - This article describes the way in which an instrument has been developed to measure the need for help of patients in the nursing homes of the Netherlands. The instrument is an important variable in the so-called Basic Research into the cost structure of the Dutch nursing homes (in Dutch BKV). The need for help is expressed as an index ('help-index') per patient. The index is based on the strong hierarchical relations between a number of patient-variables: washing, clothing, feeding, toileting, transferring (in and out of bed, walking, standing, wheelchair-activities), continence (urine and/or faeces) and contact function (speech). The 'help-indices' of the individual patients of a specific nursing home can be summarized in the average 'help-index' of that nursing home. The averages of the individual nursing homes differ to a great extent. The average 'help-index' per nursing home is considered to be of great importance as an independent variable with respect to staff per 100 beds and costs (total or per patient day) in the nursing homes. The latter is the subject of further research. PMID- 7274768 TI - [The evaluation of courses in boarding schools for the preparation of older employees for retirement. An evaluation study]. AB - In this study we have asked the opinion of ex-students, aspirant-students and non students and their partners, about the pre-retirement-courses as given at boarding-schools, for five successive days. At the same time we have tried to find hints for possible effects of those courses. Some findings of these study in regard to these courses are discussed: how did one hear about it, what made people decide to go or not, what did one expect from it, what did one learn, how does one think about the educational activities. A little more than half of the ex-students who have been interviewed, gave a positive evaluation of the course. By far the most, the most important learning experience they mentioned was the meeting of perfect strangers from different social settings. We did not find any indications for possible effects on the areas of life that came up for discussion during the course. Several recommendations are done with regard to the plan and content of the course. We plead for a preparation for retirement, which is adjusted to the individual. Educational activities might play a part, but this does not apply to everyone. PMID- 7274769 TI - [A Senior Citizen Board]. PMID- 7274770 TI - [Postoperative chemotherapy in operable breast cancer]. PMID- 7274773 TI - [Reservations concerning breast-preserving operations]. PMID- 7274771 TI - [Problems of the breast-preserving operation in breast cancer]. PMID- 7274772 TI - [Previous results and eventual indications for breast-preserving therapy]. PMID- 7274774 TI - [Breast cancer: methods for recognition of prognostic factors]. PMID- 7274775 TI - [Adjuvant chemotherapy and receptors from the viewpoint of the practitioner]. PMID- 7274776 TI - [Radiation therapy of the breast in operable breast cancer]. PMID- 7274777 TI - Mechanism of accelerated lysis of blood clots from heparinised blood. PMID- 7274778 TI - Non-enzymatic glucosylation of fibrinogen. AB - Glucose, when incubated with fibrinogen, binds covalently to that protein. The reaction is non-enzymatic in type and is directly dependant on the time of incubation, temperature and pH. Glucosylation of fibrinogen is not altered by preincubation with aspirin. No preferential glucosylation of fibrinogen, fibrinogen chains or plasmin digestion products XYDE could be demonstrated, suggesting that glucose binding occur at several different sites. No abnormality of thrombin clotting or stability of glucosylated fibrinogen could be detected. These findings are discussed in relation to the previously described abnormalities of fibrinogen metabolism in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7274779 TI - Automated estimation of factor Xa using the chromogenic substrate S-2222. AB - A rapid automated method for the estimation of factor Xa was developed using the "Centrifichem' rotary fast analyser and the substrate S-2222. The problem of interference from fibrin was overcome by performing the activation of factor X during centrifugation, so that defibrination and activation were achieved in a single step. A range of factor Xa concentrations was determined on 50 normal plasmas. This assay was correlated with a clotting assay of factor Xa using serial dilutions of normal plasma and plasma from 30 patients receiving warfarin therapy. PMID- 7274780 TI - Effects of the gelatin plasma substitutes Haemaccel, Plasmagel and Plasmion (Geloplasma) on collagen-, ADP- and adrenaline-induced aggregation of human platelets in vitro. AB - The effect of some gelatin plasma substitutes (Haemaccel, plasmagel and Plasmion (Geloplasma), which are widely used in Europe) on collagen-, ADP- and adrenaline induced platelet aggregation in human PRP in vitro was studied under controlled conditions (pH, electrolyte composition). Haemaccel inhibited these aggregations, both in citrated as well as in heparinised PRP, whereas they were enhanced by both Plasmagel and Plasmion as compared to the appropriate control. Increasing teh concentration of the inducer overcame the inhibition by Haemaccel. Haemaccel inhibited, while Plasmion enhanced 14C-serotonin release induced by collagen, ADP or adrenaline. Also in the presence of indomethacin (90 muM) Haemaccel inhibited aggregation induced by high concentrations of collagen and the primary aggregation induced by ADP and adrenaline, while Plasmion enhanced these aggregations induced by ADP and adrenaline, while Plasmion enhanced these aggregations. The inhibition by Haemaccel was not caused by binding of Ca2+ to haemaccel. PMID- 7274781 TI - Adoptive immunotherapy and combined chemo-immunotherapy in transplantable leukaemia of AKR mice (TAL); occurrence of natural killers. AB - Allo- and syngeneic lymphoid effector cells were injected I. P. into transplantable leukaemia (TAL)-bearing AKR recipients. Effector cells were collected from the peritoneal cavity, lymph nodes, spleen, or thymus, of either non-immunized donors or of donors previously immunized with TAL cells. The ratio, injected number of effector cells divided by injected number of TAL target cells varied in individual experiments from 10:1 to 10 000 : 1. Some AKR recipients were given prior to the leukaemia inoculation a whole-body sublethal X-ray irradiation and/or an I.P. injection of cyclophosphamide. Mean survival of TAL leukaemia was most often prolonged in recipients given viable allogeneic thymocytes derived from non-immunized donors. In some leukaemia-bearing mice treated with chemo-immunotherapy, permanent survival (greater than 70 days) could be observed. As a rule, effector cells derived from non-immunized allogeneic donors were more effective than effector cells from the immunized areas. Syngeneic effectors were ineffective. The occurrence of natural killers (NK cells) to Gross virus-infected cells in the lymphoid organs of low-leukaemic inbred mouse strains is postulated. These NK cells are lacking in high-leukaemic AKR mice. PMID- 7274782 TI - Ferritin in cultured fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. AB - Cultured skin fibroblasts from three unrelated patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis and two normal controls were cultured in media containing iron concentrations ranging from 383 to 963 ng/ml. The amount of ferritin accumulating in fibroblasts was related to the iron concentrations, but there was no significant difference in the fibroblasts of patients with hemochromatosis and the normal controls. PMID- 7274783 TI - HLA markers in patients suffering from aplastic anaemia. AB - 135 patients, suffering from aplastic anaemia (AA) and their families were genotyped for HLA. The antigen and haplotype frequencies were compared to an HLA genotyped control panel composed of 209 normal couples and their healthy offsprings, and to another series of 2286 normal individuals. An excess of HLA-A2 was observed in the patients: 61% versus 42% (pc less than 0.001) (relative risk: 2) and versus 48.5% (p less than 0.01) in two control series, respectively. When considering the HLA-A, B antigens shared in common by the parents of the AA patients, an excess of HLA-A2 was observed: 32% as compared to 17% shared by normal couples (p less than 0.001). An excess of homozygous HLA-A2 was noted in the AA patients (14%) in comparison to the normal controls (4%) (p less than 0.001). The mechanism of this association is discussed as well as the hypothesis of a gene involved in haematopoiesis which might interact within the HLA-A region. PMID- 7274784 TI - A new method for detecting haemoglobins with decreased stability: tryptic digestibility test. AB - A method based on measuring the tryptic digestibility of haemoglobin has been elaborated for the detection of mutations affecting the conformation of the haemoglobin molecule. By the aid of this technique not only haemoglobins that prove labile by other procedures can be detected, but such mutants can also be discovered which confer no decreased stability as reflected by clinical and conventional laboratory examinations. The method is suitable for tackling questions of theoretical or basic research interest, whilst in a simplified form it can be applied as a routine laboratory test. PMID- 7274785 TI - Fractionation of plasma proteins with PEG. AB - Plasma proteins were fractionated with polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) and the effects of pH, ionic strength and temperature were examined. Fractionation with 15% PEG was the most suitable for obtaining a precipitate containing mainly IgG, and a supernatant containing chiefly albumin. These fractions may then be purified further. PMID- 7274786 TI - [Experience with autotransfusion]. PMID- 7274787 TI - [Effect of age on semen quality]. PMID- 7274788 TI - [Near total laryngectomy with glottic reconstruction]. PMID- 7274789 TI - [Pertussis-like syndrome in an infant, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis]. PMID- 7274791 TI - [Pneumococcal meningitis partially resistant to penicillin]. PMID- 7274790 TI - [Schistosomiasis, an imported disease]. PMID- 7274792 TI - [Malformation of the vein of Galen]. PMID- 7274794 TI - [Prosthetic heart valves and anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 7274796 TI - [Gastrointestinal infections caused by Campylobacter fetus]. PMID- 7274795 TI - [Post-traumatic syringomyelia]. PMID- 7274797 TI - [Chlorpropamide induced syndrome of inapropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion]. PMID- 7274793 TI - [Hiccup as a complication of displaced cardiac pacemaker electrode]. PMID- 7274798 TI - [Pseudohypoparathyroidism: mutation of adenylate cyclase]. PMID- 7274799 TI - [Passive smoking]. PMID- 7274800 TI - [Smoking and peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7274801 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome]. PMID- 7274802 TI - [Use of antibiotics in aged]. PMID- 7274803 TI - [Reinnervation of the larynx by nerve-muscle grafting]. PMID- 7274804 TI - [Metoprolol in angina pectoris]. PMID- 7274805 TI - [Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a hemodialysis patient]. PMID- 7274806 TI - [Endocarditis caused by coagulase negative staphylococci]. PMID- 7274808 TI - [The therapeutic approach to trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 7274807 TI - [Pneumococcal bacteremia in infants]. PMID- 7274810 TI - [The ultrasound examination of the liver]. PMID- 7274809 TI - [The impact of integration and upgrading neonatal services on neonatal mortality]. PMID- 7274811 TI - [Possible relationship between schizophrenia and viral agents]. PMID- 7274812 TI - [The surgical management of pineal tumors]. PMID- 7274816 TI - [Prazosin in the treatment of chronic resistant heart failure]. PMID- 7274814 TI - [Reflex sympathetic dystrophy]. PMID- 7274813 TI - [Stenosis of the lumbar spinal canal]. PMID- 7274815 TI - [Tumor antigens in human sarcoma]. PMID- 7274817 TI - [Clinical evaluation of ischemia of the legs]. PMID- 7274818 TI - [Meconium ileus]. PMID- 7274819 TI - [Extracolonic manifestations in Gardner's syndrome]. PMID- 7274820 TI - [Mahgoub'd reversible sterilization]. PMID- 7274821 TI - [Legionnaire's disease]. PMID- 7274822 TI - [The monocyte-macrophage system]. PMID- 7274824 TI - [The antibiotic treatment of biliary tract infections]. PMID- 7274823 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia]. PMID- 7274825 TI - [Continuing controversy concerning the surgical therapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 7274826 TI - [Pulmonary circulation in the neonate]. PMID- 7274828 TI - [Infant botulism--a "New" disease]. PMID- 7274827 TI - [The mitral valve prolapse syndrome--new aspects]. PMID- 7274829 TI - [Systemic drugs and the glaucoma patient]. PMID- 7274830 TI - Neurosecretion of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system after intragastric administration of zinc oxide. AB - Considering the importance of Zn for normal metabolic processes as well as its neurotoxic properties when ingested in undue amounts we have undertaken a study on the effect of ZnO intoxication on the neurosecretory function of the hypothalamus and hypophysis. The investigations were performed on rats that have been treated intragastrically with ten daily (100 mg) doses of ZnO. The intoxicated rats revealed elevated contents of neurosecretion in the neurosecretory nuclei of the hypothalamus along with decline amounts of neurosecretion in the nervous parts of the hypophysis. The contents of PAS positive substances was increased all over the neurosecretory hypothalamo hypophyseal system. The concurrent enlargement of the nuclear and cytoplasmatic areas of the secreting cells speaks in favour of the conclusion that the observed histochemical and morphometric alterations reflect both an increased neurosecretory activity of the hypothalamus and in enhanced release of antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 7274831 TI - The effect of gamma irradiation on the rat liver, intestine and heart muscle mitochondria. AB - Ultrastructural changes in mitochondria of liver, intestine and heart muscle immediately after irradiation with a dose of 4000 r were studied in rats. Morphometric determinations were carried out for mitochondria. The quantitative stereologic data of the irradiated mitochondria of liver and heart muscle indicated the more advanced changes as compared with those observed in the intestine. Radiation induced changes in mitochondria of enterocytes of crypts and apical villi have shown, that there are no differences between them even in stereological parameters. Although available data indicate that enterocytes of intestine crypts have more radiosensitivity than apical enterocytes. It is concluded that radiosensitivity of tissues and organs "in toto" differs from that of their mitochondria. PMID- 7274833 TI - The effect of drugs on accumulation of exogenous norepinephrine in nervous tissue cultured in vitro. IV. The effect of clonidine. AB - Explants of nervous tissue taken up from the area of locus coeruleus from rats 3 36 days old were cultured in vitro for 15 days, and than accumulation of norepinephrine (3 X 10-8M) was studied with and without preincubation with equimolar concentration of clonidine, using histofluorescence methods. Preincubation with clonidine increased the fluorescence in neural cells, particularly those derived from young animals, in which the pattern of fluorescence appeared to resemble the observed without preincubation only in cells from older animals in addition to fluorescence in the cells, fluorescent granules appeared in neuronal processes and in structures resembling non adrenergic nerve endings. Clonidine completely inhibited norepinephrine uptake by glial cells from very young animals, and inhibited that in the glia in colonies derived from 18-24 days old rats. However, clonidine preincubation restored accumulation of norepinephrine by oligodendroglia from 36 days old rats already lost by this age, but did not affect astrocytes. PMID- 7274834 TI - Changes in ultrastructure of mitochondria during the cell cycle. AB - The structure of mitochondria in the antheridial filaments of Chara varies. At the same stage of interphase, there are half condensed mitochondria having a very dense matrix (type A) slightly swollen mitochondria with very light matrix (type D) and, most frequently, the "orthodox" mitochondria (types B and C). The heterogeneous structure of the mitochondria disappears 20 minutes after administering 2-deoxyglucose, i. e., when influenced by an elevated level of cellular ADP. During the course of the cell cycle the ratio between mitochondria A, B, C and D changes several times. These changes suggest that possible reversible conversion of one type of mitochondrion into another and this probably results from changes in the functional status of the mitochondria during different phases of the cell cycle. PMID- 7274832 TI - Ultrastructural analysis and quantitative distribution of Macro-and microelements in young teeth hard tissues by the use of an X-ray microanalyser. AB - Determination of quantity, distribution and topography of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and copper in transverse and longitudinal sections of deciduous and early erupted permanent human teeth were made by the use of an x-ray microanalyser and simultaneous analysis of the microstructure of the examined surface by the use of an electron scanning microscope. The examinations demonstrated the higher content of calcium and phosphorus, greater density and more homogenous distribution of these elements in the deciduous teeth. In the permanent teeth characteristic conglomerations of mineral granules were visible in the area corresponding to the dentine tubuli. PMID- 7274835 TI - The use of mebendazole in the treatment of trichinellosis in man. AB - A description is given of an epidemic of trichinellosis in the districts of Kosice and Roznava, Slovakia. the confirmed cause of the epidemic was the consumption of wild hog meat which had escaped a veterinary meat inspection. The course of infection was apparent in 10 patients, inapparent in 16. Mebendazole in doses from 100-600 mg/day was administered for 6-10 days to 9 patients with a clinically apparent, and to one patient with an inapparent infection. Both the clinical course and results of a biopsy examination suggested that the doses had not been high enough for a positive effect of the treatment. Two years after the acute stage of trichinellosis, we repeated the treatment in one patient using a dose of 100 mg/day of mebendazole for a period of 14 days. An improvement of the clinical picture and results of a biopsy examination supported our assumption that an effective treatment of acute trichinellosis requires high doses of mebendazole. PMID- 7274836 TI - Distribution of Haemaphysalis concinna Koch in the Soviet Union and some general features of its ecology. PMID- 7274837 TI - [Effects of quinazoline-2, 4(1H, 3H)-dione compound, H-88 and pyridopyrimidine-2, 4(1H, 3H)-dione compound, HN-37 on pituitary-adrenal axis in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Anti-carrageenin paw edema effects of 1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-(2 hydroxyethyl)-quinazoline-2, 4(1H, 3H)-dione [H-88] and 1-(m trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-ethylpyridopyrimidine-2, 4(1H, 3H)-dione [HN-37] in rats were dissipated or reduced markedly by adrenalectomy. The effects of both compounds on the pituitary-adrenal axis were therefore investigated in male Wistar rats at 5-6 weeks of age. Oral treatments with H-88 in a dose of 100 mg/kg and HN-37 at 10 mg/kg induced the same degree of responses in intact animals, namely, a marked increase of blood corticosterone level at one hr of the peak time (360%), a decrease of adrenal ascorbic acid level at 3 hr (52-59%), an increase of blood glucose level at 6-12 hr (25-59%) and of liver glycogen level at 12-4 hr (97-153%). In addition, a significant hypertrophy of the pituitary and adrenals (p less than 0.05) at 6-12 hr and/or atrophy of the thymus and spleen at 3-24 hr were noted. The effect of HN-37 on blood corticosterone level was approximately 10 times as potent as that of H-88 as well as on the carrageenin paw edema. The effects of both compounds on blood corticosterone level were dissipated by adrenalectomy, and those on blood corticosterone level and adrenal ascorbic acid level were abolished by hypophysectomy. These results suggest that hypophysis-adrenal axis stimulation may play an important role in antiedematous effects of N-88 and HN-37. PMID- 7274838 TI - [Effects of peripheral airway response on the cough reflex (author's transl)]. AB - The modification of cough reflex by contraction and relaxation of the peripheral airway was investigated in anesthetized dogs. For administration of the drugs directly into the peripheral airway, an arterial cannula was chronically implanted in the right bronchial artery via the right intercostal artery. The cough reflex was induced by electrical stimulation of the upper tracheal mucosa by means of an electrode-cannula. Evaluation of the cough response was made by changes in frequency and amplitude of coughs. Drug solutions were infused for 5 min at a rate of 0.17 ml/min into the right bronchial artery. Intraarterial infusion of isoproterenol, 1-3 mu g/min, reduced the amplitude, but had no effect on the frequency of coughs, while that of histamine, 3-10 mu g/min, increased the frequency and amplitude of coughs. Atropine, 100 mu g/min, caused no significant changes in amplitude and frequency, respectively. Benzonatate, 0.85 mg/min, reduced the frequency, but had no effect on the amplitude. Thus, the tonus of the peripheral airway, in particular the airway contraction, may the increase the frequency of cough reflex by lowering the threshold of the airway receptors. PMID- 7274839 TI - [Effects of adenosine compounds on the contractile response of isolated canine blood vessels to various agonists (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of adenine and adenosine compounds (adenosine, AMP, ATP, cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP) on the contractile responses of helically cut strips of canine superior mesenteric arteries to various agonists (K+, norepinephrine, angiotensin II and Ba2+), to transmural electrical stimulation and on Ca2+ contractures of K+-depolarized strips were studied. The contractions induced by these agonists were suppressed, dose dependently, but to a different degree by these adenosine compounds, with the exception of the potentiating action of ATP on the Ba2+-induced contraction. The suppression of the effect of norepinephrine, angiotensin II and transmural stimulation was appreciably greater than that of K+ and Ba2+. Adenine was equally or more effective in inhibiting the contractions induced by these agonists than were the other adenosine compounds used. The order of relative inhibitory potency was adenine Greater Than or Equal to adenosine Greater Than or Equal to AMP = ATP Greater Than cyclic AMP = dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The ATP-induced contraction was influenced in a different manner by each adenosine compound. Adenosine and cyclic AMP did not affect the ATP-induced contraction but AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP in a narrow range of concentrations enhanced the contraction. On the contrary, adenine and ATP inhibited the ATP contraction, dose-dependently, resulting in tachyphylaxis, with the repeated application of ATP. The present results suggest that adenine moiety in the molecule plays an important role in the inhibitory action of adenosine compounds, and that the antagonistic action of adenosine compounds is due to their inhibitory actions on Ca2+-influx and Ca2+-release from cell stores. PMID- 7274841 TI - Inorganic sulphur sources for the growth of the dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum. AB - Suitability of 10 inorganic compounds at a concentration of 1 mM as sulphur sources for the growth of the dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum was investigated. Dry mass of the mycelium after a 11-d growth served as indicator. Sodium sulphate, sulphite and also disulphite, peroxodisulphate and dithionite were the best sources. Growth in the presence of sodium thiosulphate and tetrathionate was slightly worse. Sulphide inhibited the growth, which began only after a longer adaptation. Sodium thiocyanate and amidosulphate were not utilizable as sulphur sources. PMID- 7274840 TI - [Effects of betamethasone 17-propionate and betamethasone on hypothalamo pituitary-adrenal cortex axis in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of betamethasone, 17, 21-dipropionate (BMDP) and betamethasone (BM) on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis following the intravenous or subcutaneous administration were studied in rats. The active site of the main metabolite of BMDP -- betamethasone 17-propionate (BMP) -- and BM was investigated by the stereotaxical implantation of these glucocorticoids. The ether-induced increase of plasma corticosterone was not suppressed by intravenous administration of BMDP in a dose of 300 mu g/kg, but BM suppressed this increase at doses over 10 mu g/kg. Subcutaneous administration of a large amount of these steroids (BMDP, 20 mg/kg; BM, 16 mg/kg) induced a significant suppression of the ether-induced plasma corticosterone increase. The implantation of the main metabolite of BMDP--BMP--into the anterior or medial hypothalamic area and septum was effective in significantly reducing the ether-induced increase of plasma corticosterone. BMP implants into the posterior hypothalamus or pituitary gland proved to be ineffective. In contrast, BM, when placed into the hypothalamic area (anterior, medial or posterior), septum or pituitary, lowered the plasma corticosterone levels. PMID- 7274842 TI - Organic sulphur sources for the growth of the dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum. AB - The suitability of 30 organic compounds (of them 19 sulphur-containing amino acids) at a concentration of 1 mM as sulphur sources for the growth of the dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum was investigated. The dry mass of the mycelium after an 11-d growth served as a measure of utilizability. Of sulphur amino acid cystine, cysteine, reduced and oxidized glutathione, cysteic and cysteinesulphinic acids, S-sulphocysteine, lanthionine, taurine and serine sulphate were the best sources. Methionine and methionine-sulphone were utilized slightly less effectively. Other compounds were medium to poor sources and only S carboxymethylcysteine was not utilized at all. All organic compounds that are not of amino acid type were poor sulphate sources or were utilized at all. Sodium dodecyl sulphate inhibited germination and growth completely. PMID- 7274843 TI - Phylogenetic significance of protein and nucleotide content in yeasts. PMID- 7274845 TI - Morphological criteria of adaptation of the osseous system to increased physical loading. PMID- 7274844 TI - Effect of some sulphur compounds on soil microflora of spruce rhizosphere. AB - The effect of a long-term application of sulphite, thiosulphate and sodium sulphate on the soil microflora and spruce seedlings was investigated in a pot experiment. Sulphur compounds decreased the concentration of bacteria, including thiobacilli, increased the concentration of microscopic fungi and sulphate reducing bacteria; they inhibited respiration, nitrification and oxidation of thiosulphate, stimulated ammonification and oxidation of elemental sulphur. In certain cases the spruce rhizosphere exhibited just the opposite effect. In the rhizosphere the sulphate-reducing bacteria was suppressed together with thiobacilli, whose unit oxidative activity increased substantially. Growth of seedlings was inhibited by sulphite and stimulated by thiosulphate and sulphate. Sulphite, the effects of which were similar to those of sulphur dioxide immissions, was the most effective compound. In regions influenced by immissions the soil is apparently intoxicated by the absorbed sulphite. PMID- 7274846 TI - An occurrence of sphincter and regulator-like systems in the smallest cardiac veins of the human heart. PMID- 7274847 TI - Participation of the ileocolic artery in the vascularization of the terminal ileum. PMID- 7274848 TI - The results of studies on congenital cervical situs of the heart in domestic animals. PMID- 7274849 TI - The arterial supply of the pig calcaneus. PMID- 7274850 TI - The veins of the female reproductive system. PMID- 7274851 TI - On the age dependence of functional structures: studies of connective and supporting tissue. PMID- 7274853 TI - On the morphogenesis of the normal and the malformed heart. PMID- 7274852 TI - A few remarks on the physiology of the chick embryo heart (Gallus gallus). PMID- 7274854 TI - Development of the early primordium of the lungs in the chick embryo (Gallus gallus). PMID- 7274855 TI - The application of computerized optico-structural analysis (OSA) for the evaluation of morphofunctional peculiarities in cells and tissues. PMID- 7274856 TI - Olfactory organs in the exotic fish Tilapia mossambica (Peters). PMID- 7274857 TI - Histochemical observations on the gills of Lepidosiren paradoxa (Fitz). PMID- 7274858 TI - The morphology and anatomy of the alimentary canal of a cobitid fish, Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Ham). PMID- 7274859 TI - Histochemical study on oral tissues in hepatic bilharziasis. PMID- 7274860 TI - Quantitative description of the ventral interventricular branch (VIB) of the left coronary artery in the dog. PMID- 7274861 TI - Effect of dust from magnesite works on avian embryo. PMID- 7274862 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the resorption process in human deciduous teeth. PMID- 7274863 TI - Incidence and localization of lipids in the mouse oocyte and cleaving ovum. PMID- 7274864 TI - Ultrastructure of the human ovum fertilized in vitro. PMID- 7274865 TI - Morphogenesis of the nasal apparatus in sauropsida. IV. Morphogenesis of the nasal capsule, epithelial nasal tube and organ of Jacobson in a member of the family Agamidae. PMID- 7274866 TI - The waveforms of the group mean SEP of each sex. AB - With SEPs recorded from age-matched normal human subjects, 100 males and 100 females 22.34 + 1.69 years, it was confirmed that the Group Mean SEP of each sex each converges to a given waveform which significantly differed from each other. The waveform of the Group Mean SEP for females consisted of the 12 components, and was approximately tetraphasic within 500 msec in latency, while that for males consisted of the same components except for N4 and P4. There was a high convex arch with P4 (82 msec) between P2 and N6 for females, but a low hollow slope without the peak for males. With Scaled SEPs, which were converted from SEPs by Amplitude Scaling, the results similar to those with SEPs were obtained. PMID- 7274867 TI - Differences in human group Mean SEP between sexes: with reference to statures. AB - With 200 SEPs of normal human subjects, the differences in the Group Mean SEP between sexes were defined, removing those attributable to the peripheral factor, the statures. The differences in baseline amplitude in the sections roughly 1) between 29-110 msec, where there were the most remarkable differences in the waveform of the Group Mean SEP, between P2 and N6, with a high convex arch peaking at P4 (80 msec) for females but not for males, 2) around 320 msec, and 3) behind 400 msec in latency, were verified, not attributable to the different statures, and might be the central origin. With Scaled SEPs, which were converted from SEPs by the Amplitude Scaling, results similar to those with the unscaled SEPs were obtained. PMID- 7274868 TI - Palmar skin potential reflex and serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity of the aged. AB - In order to investigate the sympathetic nervous function of the aged, the skin potential reflex (SPR) and serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity (SDBH) were examined in 25 healthy aged and 25 healthy young subjects. In the case of SPR, the reflex to sound stimuli was analyzed and the following results were obtained: (1) the aged group habituated more rapidly than the young group, (2) the amplitude of the SPR in the aged group was lower than that of the young, and (3) the negative wave of the SPR appeared more dominantly in the aged than in the young group. These results indicated that the sympathetic activation level of the aged decreased in comparison with that of the young. On the other hand, SDBH showed no difference between the aged and young. This discrepancy between the SPR and SDBH is discussed. PMID- 7274869 TI - Presenile dementia with motor neuron disease -an additional case report-. AB - A 51-year-old male has suffered the gradual onset of difficulty with memory, concentration and cognition at age 50. He has progressively developed severe dementia accompanied by muscle wasting and fasciculation prominent in the upper arms and shoulders and the bulbar muscles, EMG and muscle biopsy revealed denervation patterns and a CT-scan showed moderate cerebral atrophy. Cases of presenile dementia with motor neuron disease reported in Japan have been reviewed and the possibility of a new clinico-pathologic entity is discussed. PMID- 7274870 TI - A rare case of Capgras syndrome observed in wake-amine induced psychosis. AB - An adolescent girl showed the apparent Capgras syndrome in the course of wake amine induced psychosis. The patient, then 18, committed homicide in close connection with the syndrome and also with the distorted judgment due to personality immaturity. As far as the syndrome was concerned, the extension was so extreme that it involved her neighbors and even her dwelling city. The detailed case history was reported along with a discussion about the psychodynamism. PMID- 7274871 TI - A study of schizophrenic brains by computerized tomography scans. AB - The brains of 55 schizophrenic patients and 65 controls were examined using computerized tomography scans. The width of the interhemispheric fissure and the third ventricle, and the volume of the lateral ventricles in the schizophrenic patients were significantly larger than those obtained in the controls. The extension of the width of the interhemispheric fissure and the increase in the volume of the lateral ventricles in the schizophrenic patients were assumed to be caused not by aging but by the schizophrenic illness itself. The increased in the volume of the lateral ventricles and the area of the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles in the schizophrenic patients was assumed to be related to the schizophrenic pathogenesis. PMID- 7274872 TI - A survey of impatient alcoholics in Okayama and Kochi Prefectures. AB - A survey of inpatient alcoholics was conducted in Okayama and Kochi prefectures in 1977 and 1979. The total number of inpatient alcoholics was 230 in Okayama and 401 in Kochi, Corresponding to 5.5% and 10.7% of the total number of inpatients in psychiatric hospitals, respectively. The percentage of female alcoholics was 6.6% in Okayama and 6.5% in Kochi. By age distribution, the percentage of elderly alcoholics was high, but young alcoholics in their 20s were extremely few. As for the marital state, the spouseless situation showed a high percentage. Regarding the defrayment of medical expenses, half of the patients were on relief. Alcoholics staying in hospital for a year or longer accounted for nearly one-half of the cases. Classification of the subtypes of alcoholism revealed that the problem drinking group accounted for the majority with over 60%, indicating that many cases of social problems were brought to the hospital. PMID- 7274874 TI - Cerebrovascular and degenerative changes in the brain; a study of 233 Japanese 50 or more years of age. AB - A neuropathologic study, chiefly cerebrovascular lesions and degenerative changes, was conducted on the brains of 233 subjects 50 years of age and over among 557 autopsy cases of RERF-ABCC Hiroshima in 1972-1974. There were some discrepancies between the principal clinical diagnosis and principal pathologic diagnosis in cerebrovascular disease. For cerebral hemorrhage, 8.6% were accounted for in the clinical diagnosis of the entire subjects while only 2.1% were accounted for in the pathologic diagnosis of the same subject. The degenerative changes in the central nervous system have been increasing with age and these changes were seen more in the females than in the males. Intracerebral arteriosclerosis of a moderate extension or more existed in 36.5% of the subjects and the frequency of this disease increased with age. the frequency of cerebral infarct increased with age. The location of the infarcts was most often seen in the basal ganglia and cortex of cerebrum, the size of the cortical infarct was within 0.5 cm in diameter and multiple. The vascular lesions or degenerative changes were seen in about 74% of the brains of 50 years and over. PMID- 7274875 TI - Absorption, distribution and excretion of [14C]carmoisine in mice after oral and intravenous administration. PMID- 7274873 TI - Differential sensitivity to the effects of psychotropic drugs: psychotics vs normals; Asian vs Western populations. AB - The effects and side-effects of psychotropic drugs are determined by many variables, and the host factor is one of the most important. A lower sensitivity of schizophrenics than normals to the sedative effect of chlorpromazine and a manic depressives to imipramine were demonstrated quantitatively by a higher percent time of waking EEG following medication. The mean therapeutic dose of chlorpromazine for the manic state was found to be much lower in Japanese than in Western populations in a controlled study comparing the antimanic efficacy of carbamazepine and chlorpromazine. A lower therapeutic dose in Asian populations has been reported also on other antipsychotic drugs, lithium, and tricyclic antidepressants. The lower therapeutic dose level was discussed from the standpoint of transcultural psychopharmacology. PMID- 7274877 TI - The toxicity of alfalfa saponins in rats. PMID- 7274876 TI - The influence of milk in the diet on the toxicity of orally ingested lead in rats. PMID- 7274879 TI - Disposition of [14C]caprolactam in the rat. PMID- 7274878 TI - Hepato- and cardiotoxicity of Fusarium verticillioides (F. moniliforme) isolates from Southern African maize. PMID- 7274881 TI - The in vitro assessment of severe eye irritants. PMID- 7274880 TI - Acute structural changes in renal tubular epithelium following administration of nitrilotriacetate. PMID- 7274882 TI - Detection of nitrosamines in a commonly used chewing tobacco. PMID- 7274883 TI - Chromatopolarography of N-nitrosamines including determination of N-nitroso diethanolamine in cosmetic products. PMID- 7274885 TI - Reductive destruction of N-nitrosodimethylamine as an approach to hazard control in the carcinogenesis laboratory. PMID- 7274884 TI - Analysis of volatile N-nitrosamines in commercial drugs. PMID- 7274886 TI - SCE in monkeys fed irradiated wheat. PMID- 7274887 TI - Plantar fascial spaces of the foot and a proposed surgical approach. AB - This study identified five plantar fascial spaces of the foot. The first space lies superficial to the calcaneus, the second lies between the plantar aponeurosis and the flexor digitorum brevis, the third lies between the flexor digitorum brevis and the quadratus plantar, the fourth lies above the quadratus, and the fifth lies above the adductor hallucis. A plantar incision is proposed for exploration and drainage of foot injuries and infections. With this incision, the plantar neurovascular bundles, along with the five plantar spaces through which infection spreads, are visualized clearly. In our experience, the incision heals without a sensitive scar. PMID- 7274888 TI - Traumatic dislocations of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. AB - The mechanics, anatomy, and pathomechanics of traumatic dorsal dislocation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint are discussed. There are two basic types of dislocations. In Type I, dislocation of the hallux with the sesamoids occurs without disrupting the sesamoid mass. Such cases are usually irreducible on closed reduction, the metatarsal head being incarcerated by the conjoined tendons with their intact sesamoids. In Type II, there is either associated disruption of the intersesamoid ligament (Type IIA) or a transverse fracture of one of the sesamoids (Type IIB). In Type II, the sesamoid disruption usually permits closed reduction. PMID- 7274890 TI - Arthrodesis of the interphalangeal joint of the great toe--an improved technique. AB - At the Mayo Clinic between 1950 and 1975, initial fusion of the interphalangeal joint of the great toe was attempted 166 times in 139 patients utilizing a Kirschner wire for stabilization. Follow-up examination of these patients disclosed an overall pseudarthrosis rate of 44%. Because of these disappointing results, a technique involving use of a longitudinal mini-cancellous bone screw was devised which provides increased stability and compression at the arthrodesis site. With this method, used 20 times in 18 patients, the pseudoarthrosis rate was decreased to 10%. PMID- 7274889 TI - A disabling sports injury of the great toe. AB - An unusual and disabling sports injury of the hallux is described. This consisted of a torn lateral conjoined tendon, capsule, and collateral ligaments, causing varus metatarsophalangeal instability. The surgical treatment is described along with the follow-up evaluation. PMID- 7274891 TI - Guidelines for teaching abut the foot and ankle in an orthopaedic training program. PMID- 7274893 TI - Hallux valgus--an acquired deformity of the foot in cerebral palsy. AB - In this series, acquired hallux valgus deformity occurred in those cerebral palsied children who, when initially seen as prewalkers, had neutral foot alignment and then developed a stance and gait pattern of flexion-adduction at the hips, flexion at the knees, and equinus of the feet, with external torsional effect in the leg below the knee forcing the foot into relative equinovalgus. This resulted in an abducted forefoot manifested primarily as a hallux valgus. The one variation to this premise was the equinovarus heel and adducted forefoot. Here, the resultant thrust was on the lateral border of the foot, and hallux valgus did not occur. In all instances where the response to surgery is incomplete, the foot deformity will develop. Finally, it is noted that a posterior tibial lengthening added to the surgical procedures done for the equinovarus foot has the potential ability in the cerebral palsied child to convert an equinovarus, which does not produce an acquired hallux valgus, into equinovalgus, which does produce this deformity. PMID- 7274894 TI - A review of surgical procedures for hallux valgus. AB - One hundred seventy-two patients who underwent surgical correction of hallux valgus deformity were evaluated. The procedures chosen were: first metatarsal osteotomy in 96, Keller procedure in 42, metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis in 25, and simple bunionectomy in 9. This study allowed the establishment of the following guidelines for surgery. 1) Osteotomy alone yields a satisfactory result in patients under the age of 50 years who have minimal osteoarthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint. 2) The Keller procedure is suggested in patients over the age of 50 who have significant osteoarthritis. 3) Metatarsophalangeal fusion is suggested in patients under the age of 50 with significant osteoarthritis. 4) Simple bunionectomy revealed poor results in the majority of patients. It should be reserved for the elderly patient with an infected bunion. PMID- 7274897 TI - Foot-related knee problems in the long distance runner. PMID- 7274896 TI - Diagnostic problems: plantar foot pain. PMID- 7274898 TI - The growth of the first metatarsal bone. AB - This study presents a common finding in the first metatarsal bone of a distal epiphyseal cartilage which is considered as a physis. This growth center is omitted in the classic anatomical descriptions of the bone. Analyses of the growth of this physis relates to the metatarsal formula of the adult foot. It may result in a first metatarsal "index-plus," where the first metatarsal is longer than the second, depending upon the duration of the activity of the physis. The presence of this physis may be related, in some cases, to: 1) Hallux rigidus. The conformation of index-plus anatomically predisposes the development of such degeneration. 2) Kohler's metatarsal disease. Disturbance in the arterial vascularity of the epiphyseal-metaphyseal type may, in theory, cause osteonecrosis of the first metatarsal head, although no cases have been reported in the literature. 3) Osteochondritis dissecans. Our finding that disorders of epiphyseal ossification may lead to the development of osteochondritis dissecans. PMID- 7274892 TI - Isolated dorsal dislocation of the second metatarsophalangeal joint. PMID- 7274899 TI - Technique tips: footings. PMID- 7274900 TI - Congenital convex pes valgus: results of an early comprehensive release and a review of congenital vertical talus at Richmond Crippled Children's Hospital and the University of Alabama in Birmingham. AB - Nineteen patients with 28 feet with congenital vertical talus were reviewed. The male to female ratio was equal, and associated congenital abnormalities were found in 15 of the 19 patients. No genetic pattern was established. Fifteen of the 16 surgically corrected feet were reevaluated, with an average follow-up of 60 months. Ten of the 15 feet were found to be in the good to excellent category, and five were rated poor. Twelve of 12 feet treated by cast correction were poor. Poor prognostic signs include late age of surgical correction, associated arthrogryposis and cerebral palsy, and an increased space between the calcaneus and cuboid. Best results occurred in those patients who had early surgical correction, after 4 to 6 months of serial casting, using magnification. Surgical technique which yielded the best results involved total release of the talus from the posterior, medial, and lateral approach, with reduction of the talocalcaneal as well as the talonavicular joints with multiple pin fixation. Lengthening of the Achilles tendon, extensor tendons, and peroneal tendons and transfer of the anterior tibialis to the navicular are recommended. Navicular excision was not found to be necessary. Surgical results in those patients over 3 1/2 years of age were found to be poor, and these individuals were considered for salvage procedures using a subtalar extra articular arthrodesis, excision of the navicular, or triple arthrodesis, depending on age. PMID- 7274901 TI - Fractures of the neck of the talus in children. AB - A review of children with talar injuries treated at the Winnipeg Children's Hospital yielded 12 patients that had been treated for fractures of the neck of the talus between 1960 and 1978, inclusive. Three developed avascular necrosis of the body of the talus; two of these had their fractures recognized only after avascular necrosis had become radiologically evident. The children ranged in age from 1 year 7 months to 13 years 11 months at the time of the injury. Fracture of the neck of the talus does occur in children and may be associated with avascular necrosis of the body. This injury should be considered and the talus should be examined in all children sustaining trauma secondary to falls from a height or motor vehicle trauma. PMID- 7274902 TI - Dynamic gait electromyography study in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. AB - Preoperative and postoperative dynamic gait electromyography (EMG) weas performed on 15 patients 8 to 13 year of age with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy who underwent Achilles tendon lengthening and posterior tibial tendon transfer anteriorly through the interosseous ligament for correction of equinus and equinovarus foot deformities. The muscles tested preoperatively (anterior tibial, soleus, gastrocnemius, posterior tibial, peroneal longus, and peroneal brevis) showed phase changes. It is believed that patients with weakened leg muscles fire multiple muscle groups out of phase in an attempt to overcome the action of the stronger muscles, thus stabilizing the limb for ambulation. Postoperative EMGs, performed with the patients walking in long leg braces after the deformity had been corrected, showed little activity in the muscles tested. As the patients became dependent on the brace, the need for the muscles to be active out of phase was eliminated. The transferred posterior tibial muscle appeared to be active both clinically and electromyographically. PMID- 7274895 TI - Analysis of foot position in ankle arthrodesis and its influence on gait. AB - This study was carried out on 24 patients who underwent 25 ankle fusions. Twenty four of 25 ankles operated upon by eight different surgeons achieved a solid fusion. A review showed that when the ankle was fused in a neutral position, the patient would, on the average, have 10 degrees of plantar flexion occurring in the midfoot. This motion allowed him to wear most normal foot gear. In gait, the plantar flexion in the foot approximated the plantar flexion in the normal ankle, giving little difficulty. In contrast, those individuals whose ankle was fused in 10 degrees of plantar flexion who also had 10 degrees of plantar motion in the midfoot and no dorsiflexion motion in the midfoot were, in effect, in 10 degrees of equinus. These patients showed a vaulting pattern while ambulating barefoot, but were usually able to accommodate this position while wearing shoes. The patient with a neutral position of the foot and ankle showed a very satisfactory gait in shoes and a much improved barefoot gait. It is concluded that fusion in a neutral position is indicated and that midtarsal motion occurs in the plantar direction but that no dorsiflexion is present in the midtarsal area. PMID- 7274903 TI - Early and late repair of lateral ligament of the ankle. AB - Utilizing an apparatus for separately testing the status of the anterior talofibular and the calaneofibular ligaments of the ankle in 25 healthy, 15- to 30-year-old adults, it became apparent that the stability of the ankle depends primarily upon the integrity of the anterior talofibular ligament. When the "fore n' aft" stress measurement exceeds 4 mm, a positive anterior drawer test is elicited, and the ankle ligament needs surgical repair. Tibial talar tilt normals ranged up to 18 degrees. Repair (early and late) is accomplished by suturing what one finds (there is always some ligament present) and reinforcing the anterior talofibular ligament repair with overlap of the nearby lateral talocalcaneal ligament plus the marginal ankle retinaculum. Four weeks in a plaster of paris walking cast are followed by use of Ace bandages of 2 weeks. Light activity is begun 6 weeks after repair, and activity of choice is begun 8 weeks after repair. Repeat stress testing is performed at 3 months postsurgery, and a questionnaire is completed at the same time. On a point system (1 to 10) reviewing pain, stability, and swelling, the results in 50 cases rate from 8 to 10, with a lower rating improving with more time. Surgical time is approximately 30 minutes. There seems to be no need for more radical surgery utilizing other muscles. The senior author has employed this surgery for the past 19 years with approximately 165 cases. Only 50 patients with proper 3-month postoperative stress testing and questionnaire follow-up, who were operated upon 1 or more years ago, area recorded here. PMID- 7274904 TI - Peg and dowel fusion of the proximal interphalangeal joint. AB - The clawtoe or hammertoe deformity if frequently encountered in office practice. The etiology of this condition remains obscure, although intrinsic atrophy or imbalance was suspected as early as 1863 by Duchenne. Arthrodesing the proximal interphalangeal joint converts the more powerful flexor tendon to a flexor of the metatarsophalangeal joint, thereby alleviating pressure on the metatarsal head and distributing the weight more evenly on the forefoot. Arthrodesing is accomplished by the peg and dowel method, with the fourth toe presenting the most technical difficulties. An extensor tenotomy or dorsal capsulotomy of the metatarsophalangeal joint is frequently necessary to realign the toe with the corresponding metatarsal ray. A collodion dressing is used to immobilize the toe for a period of 4 to 6 weeks, with a fusion rate of 97% in 73 toes. All patients were contacted, with 87% responding favorably and stating that they had relief of their pain and were able to resume wearing normal footwear. PMID- 7274905 TI - Complications of silastic implant arthroplasty in the hallux. AB - A long-term follow-up was evaluated on silastic implant arthroplasty performed on five patients (seven feet) for pathology of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux. Four patients (five feet) displayed an inflammatory reaction in the immediate postoperative period with considerable swelling about the operative site. Subsequently, these patients developed either delayed wound healing of mild skin necrosis with secondary superficial infection. Three patients (five feet) ultimately developed implant failure via fracture of the prosthesis and/or erosion through the articulating surface of the prosthesis. All patients had late roentgenographic findings of resorption of bone around the implants. These complications necessitated removal of implants in three patients (five feet). Implant removal was recommended but refused in two patients (two feet). PMID- 7274907 TI - Chronic and recurrent dislocations of the fifth toe. AB - Ten cases of chronic and recurrent dislocations of the fifth toe were reviewed. The history consisted of forceful abduction by catching the toe on a piece of furniture while walking barefoot. In every case the pathology was overlooked by the treating physician or the patient failed to seek medical care. All of the patients were seen years after the initial injury. The clinical patterns revealed a relatively fixed abduction deformity at the proximal interphalangeal level or a recurrent dislocation occurring on weightbearing at either the proximal interphalangeal or metatarsophalangeal level. Treatment consisted of resection of the head and neck of the proximal phalanx and/or syndactyly to the fourth toe. Results were uniformly excellent. PMID- 7274906 TI - The early complications of subtalar dislocation. AB - Although the treatments and results of subtalar dislocations are usually considered as nonproblematical, review of 10 cases seen over a 6-year period proved otherwise. Difficulties were encountered with four of these cases consisting of associated foot injuries, failure to recognize the dislocation, incarceration of the dislocation, vascular complications, and iatrogenic infection. The management of these cases is discussed. PMID- 7274909 TI - Articular osteoid osteoma of the talus: a case report. PMID- 7274908 TI - Pantalar arthrodesis: a long-term follow-up. AB - Eighty-three pantalar arthrodeses in 69 patients performed at the Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children, Greenville, South Carolina, between 1941 and 1977 were evaluated. Follow-up was from 1 to 33 years. Diagnoses included poliomyelitis, myelodysplasia, arthrogryposis, clubfeet, and extremity or spinal cord trauma. Methods of fusion were one-stage pantalar arthrodesis, two-stage triple ankle fusion, one-stage completion of prior tarsal fusion, and one-stage denudation of the talus. Pantalar arthrodesis is successful in the paralytic sensitive foot with a stable knee and there is no greater incidence of nonunion in the one-stage (Hunt-Thompson) procedure than in the two-stage procedure. Complications and failure of fusion are common in the insensitive foot. PMID- 7274911 TI - Transactions of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the American Orthopaedic Foot Society, Inc., February 25-26, 1981, Las Vegas, Nevada. Abstracts. PMID- 7274910 TI - A roentgenographic technique to evaluate and document hindfoot position. AB - The position of the posterior portion of the foot is difficult to evaluate and document on the basis of clinical examination. Conventional roentgenographic techniques also do not allow objective determination of hindfoot position. A new roentgenographic technique utilizing a double-exposure has been developed to allow accurate documentation of the position of the calcaneus relative to the ankle. Normal adult values for this technique have been determined from 60 normal feet. PMID- 7274912 TI - Contrasting glottal stops in Gimi. PMID- 7274913 TI - A voice of onset time analysis of initial Swiss-German stops. PMID- 7274915 TI - [Phoniatric study of patients with carotid artery stenosis]. PMID- 7274914 TI - [Concept of order in a hearing-impaired child. Studies of space representations of children]. PMID- 7274916 TI - [Stuttering in phoniatric practice]. PMID- 7274917 TI - [The physician's responsibility at the intensive care unit]. AB - The relation between physician and patient--particularly at the intensive care unit--is interpreted by the structure of responsibility. At the same time we try to answer the question whether there is a criterion to set a limit on the physician's duty. PMID- 7274918 TI - [Clinical features and genetics of the ichthyosis vulgaris group]. AB - Combined application of clinical, genetic and histological criteria in general allows a definite diagnosis of autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris and of X linked recessive ichthyosis. For differential diagnosis, the following rare syndromes should be considered: ichthyosis bullosa: Refsum syndrome; Jung-Vogel syndrome; ichthyosis with corneal opacity, pili torti and alopecia; ichthyosis with deafness, pili torti and dental anomalies; and ichthyosis with hepatosplenomegaly and cerebellar degeneration. PMID- 7274919 TI - [Diagnostic methods of nuclear medicine, 3. Radionuclide brain imaging, evaluation]. PMID- 7274921 TI - [Treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur by valgus osteosynthesis: biomechanical considerations, experimental studies and clinical applications]. AB - Unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in aged patients require a primarily full weight-bearing stabilization because of the high vital risk due to immobilization. It was shown by experimental findings that valgus osteosynthesis with 160 degrees angled plate fixation and more or less medial displacement of the shaft fragment is rigid enough for full weight-bearing mobilization. With this procedure we achieved good clinical results. The very low lethality of only 10% in 30 patients with an average age of 78,6 years seem to make valgus osteosynthesis in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures the method of choice in aged patients. PMID- 7274920 TI - [Magnesium metabolism. Report on the 4th Hohenheimer Magnesium Symposium, Sept. 26-27, 1980]. PMID- 7274922 TI - [Long term therapy of essential hypertension with indapamide: studies on the effect on electrolyte balance and glucose metabolism]. PMID- 7274923 TI - [Preventive services of the legal health insurance]. PMID- 7274925 TI - [Skin moisture and age. Age- and sex-specific skin moisture topography]. AB - The skin humidity (=water content of the horny layer) of 160 healthy male and female persons was recorded at eleven different areas by a direct current conductivity method. The total of persons was divided into eight age-groups. It could be demonstrated that there are significant differences between the examined areas and also between the different age-groups. Furthermore there are sex limited differences in the series of the areas and mean skin humidity. PMID- 7274927 TI - [Physicians and experts competence law. Indications on the latest legal decisions]. PMID- 7274926 TI - [Legal aspects of dizziness following craniocerebral injuries]. AB - The examination of dysfunction of equilibrium by pendular test and electronystagmography gives an objective document for subjective troubles. In addition it is possible to differentiate central vestibular disturbances: the central nystagmus writing (ecriture centrale) is typical for irritation of the central vestibular system in the course of postcommotional syndrome, while the little nystagmus writing (petite ecriture) is produced by impaired cerebro vascular circulation. Neck torsion nystagmus is also an objective sign for whiplash syndromes. After decline of dizziness nystagmus cannot be registered anymore. The evaluation of central compensation can be documented by pendular rotating test, because perrotatoric reactions of the right and left side are directly confrontated. PMID- 7274928 TI - [Metronidazole as the therapeutic choice in bacterial leukorrhea. Report from a gynecologic practice on the diagnosis and therapy of non-physiologic bacterial discharge]. AB - Diagnosis and therapy of different kinds of fluor in gynaecological practice are reported. Subjective criteria are completed by investigations with phase-contrast microscope. Unphysiological bacterial fluor has been found most frequently and was treated by metronidazole (Rathimed N) per os during one day without regard of bacteria species. Of 239 patients 83.7 per cent were cured, 11.3 per cent got better and only 5 per cent were not cured. According to these results metronidazole therapy is one of the shortest and most effective therapeutical methods in fluor treatment. PMID- 7274924 TI - [Doppler sonography in phlebological diagnosis]. AB - Doppler-sonography is a helpful new technique in clinical phlebological diagnosis. The method can be used for measuring systolic blood pressure of ankle arteries, for examination of venous function as well as for the evaluation of venous occlusion. By calculating the systolic pressure gradient between arm and ankle arteries peripheral arterial diseases can be detected and evaluated regarding clinical severity. In diagnosis of venous diseases the normal blood flow signal in the femoral vein--i.e. expiratory flow and inspiratory stop--are compared to pathological findings. If there is venous occlusion, a continuous flow signal will be registered. The method is most reliable in detecting thrombosis of the deep pelvic and femoral veins. Venous thrombosis of the calf cannot be diagnosed at the moment. Venous valvular insufficiency leads to a continuous flow signal during Valsalva's pressing manoeuvre. The method is limited by the fact that functional, but not morphological parameters are registered. PMID- 7274929 TI - [Antibiotic prophylaxis with cephalosporins in heart surgery]. AB - 60 minutes after i.v. injection tissue levels of 7 different cephalosporins were obtained using biological assay. The following concentrations were measured: cephalothn 1.4 micrograms/g; cepharin 4.7 micrograms/g; cephacetrile 11.2 micrograms/g; cephradine 15.4 micrograms/g; cefazedone 26.9 micrograms/g; cefamandole 40.3 micrograms/g, and finally cefoxitin 43 micrograms/g. The high tissue levels of cefamandole and cefoxitin are especially remarkable as i.v. doses of both antibiotics had been 50 mg/kg body weight ( doses of all other cephalosporins 100 mg/kg body weight). Except cephalothin, all cephalosporins tested were suitable for antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery. PMID- 7274930 TI - [The prognosis of cancers of the efferent bile ducts]. AB - Malignant tumors of the efferent biliary tracts have a serious prognosis. With reference to a large number of patients it can be demonstrated that too high a percentage (14%) are already inoperable at the first intervention and excision of the tumor is only possible in one quarter of the cases. Careful analysis shows that not inconsiderable survival times--often in astonishingly good condition- can be attained even with palliative measures. Major operation is particularly justified on the distal bile duct, because this gives a real chance of a cure. The essential chance, however, lies in early diagnosis of the malignant process: Surgical help is only possible with an operable state. And it must also not be forgotten that the initial symptoms of incipient carcinoma of the efferent biliary tracts are completely uncharacteristic, but that the sum of modern diagnostic methods permits early recognition. PMID- 7274931 TI - [The normal pancreas. Demonstration in the sonogram in relation to age]. AB - For 191 patients without any clinically or anamnestically traceable disease of pancreas sonographic inspection was performed, a real time-equipment type Aloka, SSD 240 was used. The age of the patients, divided into 5 groups ranged from 15 to 90 years. The measurements of the pancreas sonographic inspection was performed, a real time-equipment type Aloka, SSD 240 was used. The age of the patients, divided into 5 groups ranged from 15 to 90 years. The measurements of the pancreas were established for head, neck, corpus and tail respectively. The following mean values for the thickness were found: Head: 2,41 +/- 0,41 cm; neck: 1,53 +/- 0,34 cm; corpus: 1,90 +/- 0,37 cm; tail: 1,67 +/- 0,37 cm. The width of the organ was in the area of the head: 1,3 to 3,5 cm, neck 1,0 to 2,7 cm, corpus 1,1 to 3,0 cm, tail 0,8 to 2,6 cm. A comparison between normal weight- and overweight-patients showed no significant differences at all. The echostructure of the pancreas showed a clear increase of intensity with progress in age. The reason for this more detailed echostructure is seen in an infiltration of fat as well as collagenous and fibrous elements. No change in organ size was found in this connection. PMID- 7274932 TI - [Oncocytoma of the thyroid gland]. AB - The Huerthle cell tumor is quite frequent in southern Germany; this is shown by examinations of patients from our field hospital for nuclear medicine. Our findings conclude with data presented by Galvan (Salzburg). The certainly quite short observation period shows that Huerthle cell adenomas occur much more frequent than carcinomas, when a Huerthle cell neoplasm is diagnosed cytologically. Our investigations show, that Huerthle cell tumors of the thyroid gland are a not wellknown and rare disease, which necessitates a clear decision as result of the cytological finding as far as necessary surgical measures are concerned. This is probably the only way to improve the efficiency of measures for early diagnosis and treatment of tumors of the thyroid gland. Considering the want of clearness which still exists referring to the dignity of Huerthle cell tumors in our opinion even cases which had been diagnosed as adenomas histologically should be controlled regularly once a year during an observation period of ten years. PMID- 7274933 TI - [Assessment of cardiopulmonary functional capacity with ergospirometric parameters at a capacity of 1 w/kg body weight]. AB - A sample of 73 men and 52 women aged 20 to 59 years was examined during a work out on a bicycle ergometer while in a reclining position in order to assess spiroergometric parameters at a power output of 1 w/kg body weight, in regard to cardiopulmonary efficiency. In the male sample, a useful correlation between the maximum O2-intake against several parameters measured at 1 w/kg was determined, especially against the respiratory equivalent, respiratory minute volume, oxygen pulse, and heart rate. In the female sample, the correlation was particularly evident against oxygen pulse, and, within certain age groups, against heart rate, respiratory equivalent, and respiratory minute volume. The results of a physical working capacity 170 did not yield a more advantageous relation to the maximum O2 intake than to the above mentioned parameters. We found the quotient of O2-intake to the product of heart rate and respiratory minute volume at a load of 1 w/kg to offer by far the most accurate correlation. These results show that the use of suitable spiroergometric parameters at the more clinically feasible 1 w/kg standard load provide useful conclusions to the actual maximum efficiency--all the more so since spirographic parameters can be used concomitantly to determine the heart rate capacity. PMID- 7274934 TI - [General medicine--an attempt at definition]. PMID- 7274935 TI - [Can an electric pacemaker be powered by the body's own energy? A medico technical speculation]. AB - The basic feasibility to power a cardiac pacemaker system through energy provided by vital body functions is demonstrated. Cardiac action and the respiratory apparatus are evaluated as power sources. Electromagnetic induction and the piezo electric effect are discussed as ways of transducing mechanical into electrical energy. Size as a limiting factor in adapting technical systems to biological power sources is assessed, while criteria for a feasible solution are defined. PMID- 7274936 TI - [Rational therapy of ascites]. PMID- 7274937 TI - [Interaction problems in the therapy with steroid-free anti-rheumatics]. AB - In a review the known interactions between non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs and others are summarized. Of clinical importance are interactions with digitalis, anticoagulants, oral antidiabetics, beta receptor antagonists, antihypertensive drugs, and diuretics. Interactions may occur if uricosurics or anticonvulsive drugs are administered together with non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs. Interactions are observed between different antirheumatic drugs when administered together. Undesirable side effects induced by drug interactions can be avoided by means of administration of suitable drugs in those cases in which a combined treatment is necessary. PMID- 7274938 TI - [Thyroid diseases in old age. Clinical aspects and therapy. Part 1: Hyperthyroidism]. AB - The clinical signs of thyroid disease in older people may differ considerably from those in younger patients. The symptoms are often incorrectly interpreted and attributed to old age. The age is also important to the kind of therapy. The normal clinical hyperthyroidism-indices are not relevant in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in older patients. Organic symptoms predominate in old age (loss of weight, muscular asthenia, tremor, cardiac arrhythmia, stenocardia, congestive cardiomyopathy). Most of the time they are wrongly interpreted as additional symptoms of old age. Probably it is not the age that causes the difficulties in hyperthyroidism-diagnostics in old age, but the atypical symptoms of solitary or multilocular adenomas, which increase with advancing age. A special symptom of hyperthyroidism in old age, often misinterpreted, is "apathetic" hyperthyroidism. Radioiodotherapy is indicated in older patients with hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7274939 TI - [Prospective examinations of digitalis poisoning]. AB - Despite many years of using digitalis to treat congestive heart failure, the problem of intoxication has remained unchanged. In nine prospective studies on patients under a maintenance treatment with digoxin the intoxication rate ranged from 15.2% to 27.5%. Other studies have also shown that renal insufficiency was present in 70% of intoxicated patients. In contrast the digitoxin toxicity rate, as shown in two prospective studies from Norway and France on 649 and 2120 patients respectively, resulted in an intoxication rate of 5.8% and 3.2% respectively. The explanation for the discrepancy between the two glycosides seems to be predominantly the influence of renal function on drug elimination. Digoxin is mainly excreted through the kidneys; an impairment of the renal function will therefore lead to a reduced elimination of this drug. In these cases a dose reduction of digoxin is necessary. Digitoxin on the other hand is excreted both through the kidneys and the bile. Impairment of the renal function does, therefore, not lead to any decrease in digitoxin elimination whether in renal disease, during heart failure or in old age. In contrast to digoxin, no dose reduction is necessary with digitoxin when renal function is reduced. Digitoxin is therefore easier to handle in the long term management of cardiac patients with and without renal impairment. PMID- 7274940 TI - [Local infection prophylaxis with nebacetin in neurosurgical procedures]. AB - With the application of neomycinsulfat (Nebacetin) during neurosurgical operations the authors observed an infection rate below 1%. The form of application is intracerebral, epidural or intramuscular depending on the operation itself, wound infections and serum concentrations of neomycinsulfat are reported separately. PMID- 7274942 TI - [Diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7274941 TI - [Child-resistant drug packaging]. PMID- 7274943 TI - [Drug effects on embryo and fetus. 2. Diaplacental transport of drugs]. AB - Drugs administered in pregnancy have primarily as their target the mother, and the embryo or fetus is an unwanted recipient. Only in a few cases therapy of the growing child via the mother is intended. Thus the knowledge of the risk-benefit ratios of various drug regimens during pregnancy is a matter of utmost concern to each physician. Experimental and clinical data show that there is no direct relationship between the chemical structure, the pharmacological activity or the toxicity of a drug in the adult and its specific action on the embryo. Nevertheless, the considerations presently known to be involved in determining whether a drug will be teratogenic and toxic or not mainly depend upon the type of drug, duration of dosage, access to the conceptus, developmental embryonic stage at time of dosage, disposition within the fetus and individual susceptibility. We have attempted to summarize the present knowledge concerning drug disposition in the embryo and fetus. In addition, based upon the mathematical evaluation of some new experimental results the pharmacokinetics of diaplacental drug transfer is demonstrated. PMID- 7274944 TI - [Successful treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in school children with Vojta's neuro-physiotherapy]. AB - The article describes the treatment of two children with idiopathic scoliosis in the age of 10 and 14 years. After an unsuccessful orthopedic treatment, these children have been treated with the neurophysio-therapy according to Vojta. PMID- 7274945 TI - [Juvenile hip dislocation and the Vojta neuro-physiotherapy]. AB - Partial dislocation of the hip in case of cerebral palsy is a result of the disturbance of the neuromuscular system. Immobilization cannot improve the inadequate function the hip. A case of a girl is reported; stabilization of the hip after 3 years of neurophysio-therapy after Vojta could be achieved. PMID- 7274946 TI - [Flush, nausea, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest]. PMID- 7274947 TI - [Changes in the liver and brain after portacaval and modified portacaval end-to side anastomosis: histology, autoradiography and clinical studies]. AB - Histological studies were done in order to investigate the early and late alterations of the liver and brain in rats after establishment of portacaval anastomosis and modified portacaval anastomosis. The latter procedure allows pancreatic blood to flow into the liver beside portacaval anastomosis. Shunting of portal blood into the systemic circulation through a portacaval anastomosis resulted in hemo-dynamically induced central lobular necrosis of the liver. Necroses and atrophy were less pronounced after modified portacaval anastomosis. The results indicate that optimal perfusion and direct access of hepatotrophic factors are of great importance. Cell necroses in the late phase after portacaval anastomosis are possible due to endotoxinemia. Liver epithelial proliferation was markedly enhanced after complete shunting of portal blood into the systemic circulation. Only minimal proliferation was observed after modified portacaval anastomosis. The results cast doubt on the hypothesis of Starzl that hepatotrophic factors are necessary for all proliferation. Nodular hyperplasia occurring in the late phase of portacaval anastomosis may be due to proliferation of the epithelium. Necroses and injury of ganglia cells as well as alterations of the glia represent the morphological changes in portal-systemic encephalopathy. This is a frequent complication of spontaneous or surgical portacaval collateral circulation. Such changes can also be observed when portacaval anastomosis was constructed in otherwise healthy rats. Increased incorporation rates of 3H thymidine into the glia were indication for enhanced proliferating activity. Efforts undertaken to maintain the pancreatic venous blood flow to the liver beside portacaval anastomosis resulted in significant diminuation of brain pathology. This happened although the grade of hyperammonemia was virtually identical in both settings. The interpretation is offered that access of the liver to hepatotrophic substances from the pancreas prevents portal-systemic encephalopathy in portacaval anastomosis which is in agreement with data published in the literature. The observation implies that in clinical action exclusively those surgical technics should be used by which the venous blood supply from the pancreas to the liver is maintained. PMID- 7274948 TI - [Effect of sulfinpyrazone on the platelet function and in experimental thrombosis]. AB - The effect of sulfinpyrazone on various parameters of platelet function was studied in volunteers. The shape change, adhesivity and aggregability of thrombocytes were significantly decreased after an oral treatment with 200 mg Anturano t.d.s. for seven days. Two days after the last medication this effect was still evident. In addition an experimental thrombosis was performed in rats by chilling a standardized segment of the carotid artery. After previous application of 10 and 100 mg/kg BW of sulfinpyrazone the thrombus formation was significantly decreased in comparison with the control group. PMID- 7274949 TI - [Civil liability of physicians following unsuccessful sterilization]. PMID- 7274950 TI - [Syncope attack]. PMID- 7274951 TI - [Stress and illness]. PMID- 7274952 TI - [Spectrum of esophagitis: etiology, diagnosis, therapy]. AB - Inflammatory changes of the oesophageal mucosa are in the vast majority due to reflux of gastric content. Caustic oesophagitis is rare, however, drug-induced oesophageal injury caused by delayed passage is of increasing importance. Infections by opportunistic saprophytes (candida, herpes virus) are common causes of oesophagitis in immunocompromised patients with dysphagia and odynophagia whereas specific inflammation (Crohn's disease, tuberculosis) is a rarity. Successful therapy demands precise differentiation of the different forms of oesophagitis. PMID- 7274954 TI - [Emergency diagnosis: emergency laboratory. Sequel 2: arrangement of the emergency laboratory, organization, methods and instruments]. PMID- 7274955 TI - [Spinal lesions following modified exercises in adolescent high performance gymnasts]. AB - 20 high performance gymnasts between 14 and 22 years of age had an anamnestical, clinical and radiological checkup on the spine in order to assess news training methods. Radiologically only 3 gymnasts were found to be without any pathological manifestation. 7 cases of M. Scheuermann were located. The other athletes showed degenerative findings of vertebral columns especially in the thoracic-lumbar transition. These degenerative signs, and the fact tht the gymnasts had no spondylosis, are the result of new exercises, which avoid extreme bending load in the lowest segment of the lumbar region. Anamnestical and radiological findings do not correlate. A critical medical screening is necessary before and during high performance training. PMID- 7274953 TI - [Peritonitis in acute appendicitis: prognostic aspects, personal results]. AB - One of the most frequent causes for peritonitis is acute appendicitis. Extent and degree of peritonitis determine the further course of the disease. A retrospective analysis of acute appendicitis with concomitant peritonitis relates pre- and intraoperative findings to the postoperative development. Resulting aspects may simplify therapy in special cases and permit a more reliable prognosis. PMID- 7274957 TI - [Determination of skeletal age in children of Western Germany with normal and abnormal growth development]. AB - The most important methods for the determination of skeletal age according to Greulich and Pyle (1959) and Tanner et al. (1975) were tested for their applicability to West-German children. The validity of both methods was good with an intra- and interobserver error between 1,8 and 4,7 months. The practicability of both methods however was different, on average it takes 2--3 minutes for the Greulich-Pyle-inspection-method, whereas the Tanner-20-B-method required 8--9 minutes. The Tanner-20-B-method had to be corrected only for 6--10 years old girls, whereas the Greulich-Pyle-bone-specific-method required correction factors for all age groups from 2--16 years. Both, the Greulich-Pyle-and the Tanner method can be recommended for use in West-Germany children when the described correction tables are applied. Also in children with abnormal growth both methods may be used without systemic error. However the cause of growth disturbance has to be taken into consideration for the individual case. PMID- 7274956 TI - [Osseous ligament ruptures in the ankle joint]. AB - An osseous ligament rupture in the ankle joint can conceal a distorsion. The exact diagnosis is possible only by X-ray. The origin of those injuries is frequently twisting of the ankle by walking on smooth or uneven ground. Osseous ligament tear out injuries in the ankle joint are found frequently in defined areas of ligament-passage points and insertions of the ankle joint. Mostly the collateral ligaments are concerned. PMID- 7274959 TI - [Preventive measures in impending ship disaster]. PMID- 7274958 TI - [Suprasellar tumors in childhood, clinical and experimental investigations]. AB - Suprasellar tumors frequently produce hypothalamic endocrine disorders. Impairment of endocrine function will usually persist and may even aggravate following surgical or radiological treatment. An animal model has been developed in order to learn how irreversible endocrine disorders develop as a result of tumor growth. Fogarty balloon catheters were inserted to dogs below the optic chiasm and filled with contrast medium. The balloon was emptied four weeks after surgery. The experiments demonstrate that impairment of hypothalamo-pituitary function is a two-stage process: Initially reversible secondary hypothyroidism will develop. During the second stage some animals develop chronic dysfunction of both thyroid and adrenocorticoid gland which is irreversible even after careful removal of the experimental tumor. In regard to human pathology this could mean that endocrine disorders in patients with suprasellar space occupying lesions are definitively irreversible, independent of the therapy applied. PMID- 7274962 TI - [Radiophages and aseptic microsequestration of bone]. AB - Using thorotrastosis for a model we showed that corpuscular radiating substances after entering the vascular space are also being accumulated in the RES (radiophages) of the bone marrow. Redistribution of these substances over the years leads first to mobile and later to immobile deposits of radiophages. This results in a reduction of bone marrow mass in the affected areas as well as myelosclerosis and sometimes in the development of so-called embryonic bone formation (a potentially presarcomatous lesion) and later in the formation of aseptic microsequesters of preexisting spongiosa spicules. Reference is also made to the infrequently observed phagocytosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes. PMID- 7274961 TI - [Ambulant coloscopy in colitis ulcerosa and colorectal cancer]. AB - In the first year after establishing a gastroenterological center in a vineyard and industrial district with 220.000 inhabitants we examined 1.171 patients. In 36.53% we had diseases in the lower gastrointestinal tract excluding proctological disturbances. We could find out 37 cases of colitis ulcerosa and 42 colorectal cancers. Excluding two cancers in colon transversum and ascendens all the tumors were found by coloscopy. Previously 4 cases of colitis ulcerosa were identified by other methods, clinically or by rectoscopy. In 48.6% of the colitis ulcerosa the transfer was done by reason of blood in the feces. The melaena lingers between 1 month and 10 years. Other presumed diagnoses for transfer to our Institute were gastroenteritis, proctitis, hemorrhoids, fissure or ileitis terminalis Crohn. In some rare cases the supposed diagnosis was salmonellosis or mycosis of the intestinum. In colorectal cancers the main reason for special gastroenterological investigation was the addition of blood to stool, whether microscopically or visible. Abdominal pain or ileus were following in frequency. Clinical symptoms were to be reconstructed in 30.9% for six weeks, in 59% for six months and in 9.5% up to one year. Most of the colorectal tumors (85.7%) were localized distal from splenic colonflexur, mostly in the rectosigmoid and colon descendens (see figure 1). Ambulant coloscopy is a method for quickly and definitive clarification, if the practitioner will refer swiftly. PMID- 7274960 TI - [Oral hormonal contraceptives and benign liver tumors]. AB - Focal nodular hyperplasia and liver cell adenomas are frequently found in women taking oral contraceptives. Between 1968 and 1979 nine women with focal nodular hyperplasia were operated at the surgical clinic of the University of Erlangen. 7 of these patients had taken oral contraceptives for periods between 4 and 13 years, average 6.7 years. In 7 cases the focal nodular hyperplasia was detected at operations performed for other conditions or in the course of clinical investigations done because of other diseases. Morphology, diagnostic procedures, indication for operation and operative therapy are discussed. PMID- 7274963 TI - [Emergency situations in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 7274965 TI - [English-the "Lingua Franca" of science?]. PMID- 7274964 TI - [Treatment of flexion contracture of the knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - In 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis 55 posterior capsulotomies with extension of the bicipital tendon were performed since 1973, using the method described by Wilson (1929), Herbert (1950) and Gschwend (1977). 35 patients with 45 operated knee joints could be followed up. The follow-up period was 6 months to 6 years. In more than 80% of the cases an improvement of extensibility over 20 degrees as well as of walking distance and security of gait could be achieved. Pain was relieved in the same proportion and, likewise, the patients' dependence on walking aids. PMID- 7274967 TI - [Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. 1. Clinical picture, diagnosis]. PMID- 7274966 TI - [Present aspects of syphilis: 2. Serology, therapy]. AB - The actual aspect of syphilis in the Federal Republic of Germany is determined by epidemiology, treponemal specific serodiagnosis and modern therapy. Compared with the frequency after the last war, syphilis diminished to a level of 5-10 per cent at present. In particular, connatal, tertiary and neuro-syphilis have decreased absolutely and relatively. In serodiagnostics of lues venerea the first tests to be used are the indirect hemagglutination-test TPHA and the quantitative lipoidal test VDRL. In case of reactive results in one of these methods, the FTA-ABS-test and furthermore the TPI-test are applied for verification. The treponemal specific IgM-diagnosis (IgM-FTA-ABS, IgM-19 S-FTA) permits a statement on the acuteness of the syphilitic process and control of the course after treatment. In current chemotherapy of syphilis penicillin ranges in the first place followed by tetracyclines and erythromycin. PMID- 7274969 TI - [Acute and chronic pancreatitis: diagnosis, basic therapy]. PMID- 7274970 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic measures in hypothermic patients]. AB - A symposium on hypothermia during disasters at sea was held in Cuxhaven between April 25 and 27, 1980. In this article various organic and functional disorders, pathological laboratory results, diagnostic and therapeutic measures at the site of disaster as well as during the following clinical treatment are discussed. PMID- 7274971 TI - [Calcium-containing antacids in the therapy of duodenal ulcers]. AB - The neutralization of acid by antacids and the inhibition of acid secretion by H2 receptor antagonists are the two essential factors in the standard therapy for peptic ulcer disease. In order to determine whether a high dosage therapy with a calcium-containing antacid accelerates the healing of the ulcer or retards it through the "Acid-rebound" effect of the calcium, we examined in a clinical study 10 patients with an endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer. After 2 weeks the duodenal ulcer was healed in 5 of the 10 patients. Thus a rate of healing was attained which was achieved in our clinic with a daily dosage of 1200 mg or 800 mg of cimetidine or with a Mg/Al-hydroxide-containing antacid in a daily dosage of 560 mval neutralization capacity in duodenal ulcer patients. On the other hand there was a difference in the healing of the ulcer between the methods of treatment presented and the exclusive dose of a placebo. PMID- 7274968 TI - [New aspects of inflammatory pancreatic diseases]. AB - The diagnostic aids of acute pancreatitis include the clinical presentation, laboratory investigations and abdominal sonography. The assessment of amylase creatinin clearance ratio is not superior to simple amylase estimations in identifying unspecific hyperamylasemias apart from acute pancreatitis. The management of acute pancreatitis consists of a standardized basic treatment which does not depend on the degree of the severity of the disease and supplementary measures which are adjusted to the degree of severity and complications. In case of chronic pancreatitis a variety of indirect and direct morphological and functional examinations are available. The diagnostic safety of all procedures- each taken by its own--is below 90%; however, the combined use has to be adjusted to the severity of the symptoms suspicious of pancreatis disease. The therapeutic goal includes the conservative management of the painful recurrences to achieve transmission into the final stage of the disease which presents only minor symptoms. Operation has to be considered in case of untreatable pain and local complications. The obstruction of the pancreatic duct by means of synthetic glue instillations is a hopeful approach. PMID- 7274972 TI - Place of M-mode echocardiography in the clinical decision. PMID- 7274974 TI - [Echocardiographic assessment of atrial septal defect size (author's transl)]. AB - In 31 patients, aged 3 to 15 years, with atrial septal defects (secundum type) and varying degrees of left-right shunt volumes, 2-dimensional echocardiography was employed to assess the percent length of the defect with respect to total interatrial septal length. Visualization of the septum was achieved through the "4-chamber view" from the apical position (Figure 2). The calculated echocardiographic defect size was expressed in percent of the total interatrial septal length for comparison with the per cent shunt calculated from standard cardiac catheterization. There was good agreement in the patient group with defects found to be associated with less than 40% left-right shunt; in those with larger shunt volumes, the echocardiographically-determined values overestimated the oxymetrically-determined values (Figure 3). Thus, the results show that this non-invasive method is capable of providing useful information with respect to atrial septal defect size and subsequent indication for surgical closure. PMID- 7274973 TI - [Use and limitations of M-mode echocardiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in the critically-ill newborn (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274975 TI - [One- and two-dimensional echography for aneurysms and dissections of the aorta (author's transl)]. AB - Aneurysms and dissections of the aorta--depending on their location--are the cause for a variety of cardiovascular symptoms. In most cases they are the result of a generalised disease of the vessel wall. Consequently, echographic examinations should include the entire aorta from the root to the bifurcation, systematically utilising all accessibilities. This procedure often permits a complete evaluation of the aorta and its major branches thus enabling more selective use of catheterization. Morphologic and topographic information is gained mainly from two-dimensional images, whereas functional behaviour such as wall pulsation can best be analyzed from the T-M echogram. Today echography is the method of choice in the diagnosis of aneurysms and follow-up studies. Even if thrombosis is present aneurysms can be extensively assessed. If branches of the aorta are involved--especially in the thoracic region--the echographic examination must be complemented by aortography prior to surgery. In acute dissection of the aorta, echography permits an early bedside diagnosis and recognition of life-threatening complications, e.g. acute aortic regurgitation and pericardial tamponade. T-M echography has mainly been used in the analysis of aortic root dissections and dissections of the ascending artery. Here the classical phenomenon of a duplicated wall-echo together with an enlarged vessel diameter is sensitive, yet little specific, since many other diseases in the region of the aortic root and the ascending artery demonstrate similar findings. In our group of 14 patients with extensive dissections, the observation of a floating or pulsating intima flap was more specific. By systematically screening the entire aorta we could follow the dissection from the ascending aorta to the descending region and, by means of the modern sector-scanning technique, even as far as into the main branches of the aorta. The information obtained in this manner provides a rational basis for therapeutic measures in this life threatening disease. PMID- 7274976 TI - [M-mode echocardiography in the detection of intracardiac tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7274978 TI - [Use of intracardial R-potential measurement at pacemaker implantation (author's transl)]. AB - The dislodgement rate of transvenous, endocardial pacemaker leads ranges between 7 and 11%. To evaluate the stability of the lead position, intraoperative measurements of the intracardial R-potential were performed via the positioned stimulating electrode. The intracardial R-potential demonstrated fluctuating amplitudes while those of the simultaneously recorded surface ECG remained constant. The fluctuations in amplitude were measured as delta-R. In the presence of only slight fluctuations in R-amplitude (delta-R 2.10 mV, SD = +/- 1.08 mV) the position of 250 electrodes was documented to be securely fixed. In the case of 23 electrodes with marked fluctuations in R-amplitude (delta R 6.68 +/- 1.7 mV) intraoperative dislocation occurred in spite of adequate positioning on fluoroscopy and low thresholds. In five patients failure of the pacing function occurred postoperatively; in this group the mean measured value of delta-R was 5.66 mV. Particularly small fluctuations in delta-R were observed in association with cork-screw electrodes and those which had been stabily positioned for a number of years; the mean value for the latter groups was 0.7 +/- 0.3 mV. The uniformity of the intracardial R-amplitude is primarily dependent on the mechanical stability of the electrode tip. Even slight geometrical changes may lead to notable amplitude fluctuations. In this study, measurement of the R amplitude fluctuations to guide positioning of the electrode permitted a reduction of the dislodgement rate to 2%. Technically, the method does not require complicated instrumentation and is not time-consuming. PMID- 7274977 TI - [Diastolic mitral regurgitation (author's transl)]. AB - An analysis of left ventricular angiograms not seldom revealed a diastolic mitral regurgitation. There was neither a correlation between the diastolic mitral regurgitation and the anatomic situation in the coronary system nor with the left ventricular function. The diastolic regurgitation always occurred in a postextrasystolic pause at the end of the diastole. While the systolic mitral regurgitation produces a jet appearance of contrast material, the diastolic mitral regurgitation is seen as a floating of contrast material into the atrium. The cause of the diastolic mitral regurgitation appears to be an incremented left ventricular filling subsequent to repeated and incoordinately-occurring extrasystoles with diminished systolic ejection which leads to reversal of the pressure gradient between the left atrium and left ventricle and permits regurgitation over the incompletely closed valve. PMID- 7274979 TI - Crohn's disease activity indexes: need for distinguishing activity from severity. PMID- 7274980 TI - On the kinetics of glycocholate uptake and excretion by the normal and diseased liver in man. AB - Serum concentrations of glycocholate and plasma disappearance curves of i.v. injected 14C-glycocholate were measured in 6 controls and 12 patients with liver disease. On the basis of these data, hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of serum glycocholate were calculated using a previously described 3-compartmental model. The results demonstrate that the hepatic uptake increases in correlation with the serum concentrations even if the biliary excretion decreases. As a consequence of reflux of glycocholate into the serum, increases also, indicating an increased bidirectional flux of bile acids in patients with elevated serum concentrations. These findings a) confirm that hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of glycocholate are independent transport mechanisms in man, b) indicate that hepatic uptake the more effective transport mechanism in the diseased liver, and c) suggest that liver uptake and reflux are different transport mechanisms. The possible pathophysiological importance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7274981 TI - Impaired metabolism of azathioprine in carbon tetrachloride-injured rats. AB - The metabolism of 6-(1-methyl-4-nitro-5-imidazolyl) thiopurine (azathioprine) in liver-injured rats was studied in vivo by measuring the clearance rate (K) of the drug from the blood, and its excretion in the urine. The K values in probenecid, diethyl maleate and carbon tetrachloride (CC14)-treated rats were much smaller than those in control rats. Probenecid, a known inhibitor of glutathione S transferase, inhibited the urine excretion of azathioprine, and diethyl maleate produced a prompt depletion of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH). Reduced levels of both GSH and glutathione S-transferase activity were observed in rats treated with CC14. Pretreatment with GSH, producing a slight and temporal increase of GSH in liver, resulted in no significant change of the K value. These findings, together with the reported kinetic data of the transferase, indicate that the conversion of azathioprine to 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in vivo may be catalyzed largely enzymatically by glutathione S-transferase in the liver. PMID- 7274982 TI - Chronic aggressive hepatitis after methyldopa treatment. Case report with electron-microscopic study. AB - A case of hepatitis induced by methyldopa and verified by means of challenge with the drugs is reported. The severe, chronic, aggressive inflammation greatly regressed after discontinuing the drug. The clinical differences, as well as those in laboratory findings disappeared. The electron-microscopic showed definite, but non-specific changes in the hepatic and sinusoidal mesenchymal cells. Our case was compared with the electromicroscopic picture of chronic aggressive hepatitis of unknown aetiology, and one essential difference was found in our hepatitis case as a result of methyldopa treatment: pathologic fibrogenesis did not occur. The rapid regression of the severe morphological picture can be attributed to this fact. PMID- 7274983 TI - A primary fibrosarcoma of the liver. AB - Primary sarcomas of the liver are extremely rare tumours, the majority being classified as angiosarcomas. To our knowledge, only seven cases of fibrosarcomas have been reported. Therefore it is of considerable importance and interest to add yet another case of this nature. The diagnosis of primary hepatic fibrosarcoma was verified during explorative surgery and subsequently autopsy. It is stressed that there are no special clinical features and the diagnosis is practically always made during exploratory laparotomy, or at autopsy. PMID- 7274984 TI - [Projection of neck muscle afferents to the brain stem of the cats (author's transl)]. AB - In order to investigate the afferent projection of neck muscles biventer cervicis, splenius and occipitoscapularis, extremities were performed on cats anaesthetized with chloralose urethane. 246 neurons were found to respond to electrical stimulation of these muscle nerves and they were located mainly in the ipsilateral external cuneate nucleus (242; 98.3%) and the remaining 4 neurons were in the rostral tip of the main cuneate nucleus. It was found that 241 neurons responded to only one of these afferent nerves, 3 neurons received convergent inputs from biventer cervicis and occipitoscapularis nerve and one neuron from biventer cervicis and great auricural nerve. Out of 241 neurons studied, 97 neurons (40.3%) responded to biventer cervicis, 88 (36.5%) to splenius and 56 (23.2%) to occipitoscapularis. 40 out of the 97 biventer cervicis responded neurons showed the monosynaptic firing. 51 out of the biventer cervicis responded neurons, 35 out of the splenius and 34 out of the occipitoscapularis responded neurons fired the first spike response at stimulus strength below 1.7 times the threshold of the largest afferents of each nerves suggesting group I afferents are responsible for the discharges. The monosynaptically activated neurons showed somatotopic distribution in the nucleus; biventer cervicis responded neurons locate in the most lateral part, splenius locate in the middle and occipitoscapularis locate in the medial part of the external cuneate nucleus. Antidromic discharges were evoked in 43/143 (30.1%) of the external cuneate neurons by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral inferior peduncle and anterior lobes IV and V of the cerebellum. No such and antidromic discharges could be evoked by electrical stimulation of the contralateral thalamus. It was concluded that the relay neurons of the external cuneate nucleus from biventer cervicis, splenius and occipitoscapularis neck muscles projected their axons to the ipsilateral cerebellum but not to ventral posterolateral (VPL) and ventral posteromedial (VPM) nucleus of the contralateral thalamus. PMID- 7274985 TI - [Enhancement of the antitumor transplantation resistance in rats by the antileukemia drug busulfan (author's transl)]. AB - Enhancement of antitumor transplantation immunity was observed in rats by treatment with the antileukemia drug busulfan (BU) both 5 days before and 5 days after immunization with X-irradiated tumor cells. The mechanism of the enhancement induced by BU may be due to a selective elimination of the suppressor cells from the immunized host. Similar enhancement of immunity was also observed by using other anticancer drugs when only cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg) was given before the immunization and futraful (300 mg/kg) and mitomycin c (1 mg/kg) were given offer the immunization. However, adriamycin (4 mg/kg) did not show any enhancing effects on immunity either before or after the immunization. PMID- 7274986 TI - Abnormal chest roentgenogram induced by bronchial involvement. --Bronchial cast shadow. AB - We found rod-like shadows suggesting bronchial involvement in bronchial atresia, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, bronchiectasis, bronchial stenosis, bronchogenic carcinoma and mucoviscidosis. Typical cases are presented. Various nomenclatures of bronchial involvement based on radiological features or pathological states, such as gloved-finger, tooth-paste shadow, bronchial mucocele and mucoid impaction, are clinically used. We propose "bronchial cast shadow" as an unified term for the roentgenologic diagnosis of these various conditions. The purpose of this paper is; 1) From the radiologic diagnostic stand of view, mucoid impaction of bronchial mucocele is inappropriate, because the same radiologic appearance is not necessarily caused by impacted mucus. In some disorders, the contents of the bronchial lumen might be pus, blood or cells. Initially the abnormal shadow should be described according to the radiologic features, then the pathology of the shadow should be considered. 2) Several different terms are currently used for the same condition. The use of an unified terminology would be convenient for roentgen diagnosis. 3) The recognition of bronchial cast shadow is useful for differential diagnosis of abnormal shadows in the lungs and understanding of abnormal findings. When the bronchial cast shadow is recognized, the underlying cause of it must be determined. PMID- 7274987 TI - [An electron microscopic study of the cerebrum in experimental copper loading (author's transl)]. AB - An electron microscopic study was performed to elucidate the ultrastructural alterations of the cerebrum in experimental copper loading. Copper acetate solution was administered intravenously to nine adult dogs in a dose of 1.5 mg free copper per kilogram of body weight every other day for 13 to 112 days. Eight adult dogs were used for control. Tissue for ultrastructural examination and determination of copper concentration was taken from the cerebral cortex, cerebral medulla, caudate nucleus, and thalamus. The copper concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 1) Copper Concentration of the Cerebrum Mean copper concentration in each part of the brain of the copper loaded dogs increased about two-fold of each mean value of the control group. No significant correlation was observed between copper concentration and the total dosage or duration of administration. 2) Ultrastructural Findings It was noteworthy that many osmiophilic concentric lamellar structures (or myelin figures) were observed in nerve cells, especially neuronal processes-both axons and dendrites, rather than in glial cells. The same structures were found within mitochondria in endothelial cells of capillaries and arterioles. Vascular feet of astrocytes abutting these capillaries displayed marked edematous swelling. From these findings, I considered the following possibility; 1) These lamellar structures in nerve cells were thought to be autophagic vacuoles and residual bodies derived from disintegrated organelles especially mitochondria digested by lysosomal enzymes in autophagic process. As many of them were found in nerve cells rather than in glial cells, I considered that copper is more toxic to nerve cells than to glial cells. 2) The same structures were found within mitochondria in endothelial cells of capillaries and arterioles. In their formation, it was assumed that lysosomal enzymes were not concerned. As copper is a divalent metal and is known to be an ATPase inhibitor, I speculate that copper nonenergizes mitochondria and then cristae fuse and roll into scroll. These become denser and consequently intramitochondrial lamellar structures are formed. These alterations of mitochondria are thought to influence the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 7274989 TI - [Cancer motality in China]. PMID- 7274988 TI - [Changes of locomotor activities, lipid peroxide levels and their related enzyme activities in rat loaded with swimming exercise (author's transl)]. AB - The changes of locomotor activities in rat loaded with swimming exercise were recorded by our newly devised apparatus. In addition, changes of lipid peroxide levels and their related enzyme activities in rat brain, liver as well as blood were studied. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The locomotor activities in rat recorded by the apparatus showed the same patterns as that reported by the other researchers. 2. After the loading of swimming, locomotor activities in rat during the dark period decreased significantly as compared to those of the control. 3. The levels of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GSH-px (glutathione peroxidase) in rat liver elevated after the swimming exercise in the first group, which was sacrificed after loading with one treatment (about 5 hours) exercise of swimming. 4. The level of TBARS in rat brain elevated after the swimming exercise in the second group, which was sacrificed after loading with two treatment exercise of swimming. 5. The level of TBARS in plasma decreased, and GSH-px, GR (glutathione reductase) and catalase in red blood cells elevated in the third group, which was sacrificed after two-hour rest following the loading with two treatment exercise of swimming. It is indicated that our newly devised apparatus is useful for monitoring locomotor activities in rat, and that the fatigue in rat caused by swimming load can be shown in terms of changes in the above activities. The elevation of the level of TBARS during the swimming exercise observed in tissues of the brain and liver may suggest that the lipid peroxidation will reflect a certain state of fatigue in rat. PMID- 7274991 TI - Effect of fructose feeding on the activity of enzymes of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate shunt in the liver and jejunal mucosa of rats. AB - The influence of fructose feeding for 1 to 12 days on the activity of enzymes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis was studied in the jejunal mucosa and the liver of rats. In the jejunal mucosa fructose feeding leads to an increase in the activity of 6-phosphofructokinase (p less than 0.05) and fructose-1.6-bisphosphate aldolase (p less than 0.05), while the activity of hexokinase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase remains unchanged. Fructose feeding increases the activity of fructose-bisphosphatase in the jejunal mucosa, however, the absolute values of this enzyme remain low (less than 10%) when compared to those in the liver. In the liver fructose feeding is followed by a marked increase of the activity of fructose-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In contrast, the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase decreases significantly under a fructose enriched diet. The enzyme activity rose to a maximum within 3 days; in the following time of observation no major changes occurred. The results are in accordance with the assumption that fructose feeding leads in the jejunal mucosa mainly to adaptive alterations of the activity of those enzymes which are involved in the breaking-down of fructose, whereas in the liver the activity of those enzymes is increased, which take part in the new synthesis of glucose-6 phosphate or which direct glucose-6-phosphate into the pentose-phosphate. PMID- 7274990 TI - Turnover rate of blood glucose in diabetic KK mice. AB - Metabolic rate constants for blood glucose turnover were estimated based on the decay of [U-14C, 6-3H]glucose injected intravenously in genetically diabetic KK mice. Comparison was made with the rate constants similarly obtained with non diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic ICR mice. Recycling of blood glucose via the Cori cycle, as estimated from the difference in the decay rate between 14C and 3H, was more active in KK mice than in non-diabetic and diabetic ICR mice. The Cori cycle activity was reduced by beta-adrenergic blockade in KK mice and was enhanced by alpha-blockade in ICR mice. It is concluded that predominance of beta-adrenergic functions in KK mice is responsible for activation of the Cori cycle as one of the mechanisms for metabolic resistance to endogenous insulin. PMID- 7274992 TI - Blood concentration and disappearance of injected alanine and beta hydroxybutyrate in surgical patients. AB - The blood concentrations and the disappearance of injected beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) and alanine were measured in 12 health subjects who had fasted overnight and in 25 surgical patients. Ten of the patients had had uncomplicated abdominal surgery two of five days before, six patients had moderate sepsis e.g. wound sepsis and nine patients had severe intra-abdominal sepsis. Separated bolus injections of beta-OHB and alanine were given intravenously and the blood concentration of the corresponding metabolite was measured over the following 40 mins. The disappearance of the injected metabolite was logarithmic, and the half life (t 1/2) and clearance rate of the injected metabolite were calculated. The basal ketone concentration (beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) were higher in the post operative group than in healthy subjects whereas the severely septic group had the same ketone concentration as the healthy subjects. Alanine concentration was significantly lower in the post-operative group. The t 1/2 and clearance rate of the injected metabolites were similar in all the groups for both beta-hydroxybutyrate and alanine. It is suggested that if the bolus is handled like the endogenously produced metabolite then the differences in concentration of beta-OHB and alanine in post-surgical and septic patients are likely to be due to changes in production rate. PMID- 7274993 TI - Partition of thyroid hormone among erythrocyte cytosol, erythrocyte membrane and human plasma binding sites. AB - The partition of thyroid hormone among binding sites on plasma proteins, erythrocyte (RBC) membranes and cytoplasmic proteins has been examined in the context of recent direct estimates of intracellular RBC thyroid hormone content. Isotopic T3 and T4 uptakes by washed RBCs are identical (greater than 80% of tracer at 4 hr), but RBC binding when RBCs are suspended in plasma favors T3 (10% uptake vs. 2.5% for T4). The RBC cytosol: plasma T3 ratio is 1 : 21. PMID- 7274994 TI - Urinary total hydroxyproline excretion in patients with Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome. AB - Urinary total hydroxyproline excretion in patients with Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome was studied. Among the patients with Turner's syndrome hydroxyproline excretion was relatively low in girls 11-14 years old and somewhat increased in 14-17 age groups. Above 17 years of age urinary total hydroxyproline excretion was significantly higher than in the control. In patients with Klinefelter's syndrome at the age below 11 and above 17 years normal hydroxyproline values were observed. In 3 sixteen-year-old boys with 47, XXY karyotype, excretion of hydroxyproline with urine was significantly lower than in the control. Relatively low values of total hydroxyproline in urine of 11-14 year old girls with Turner's syndrome and decreased in boys with Klinefelter's syndrome result, most probably, from the absence of hormonal changes typical for the puberty. However, concentration of hydroxyproline in urine does not correlate with serum FSH and LH levels. It is not affected by the enhancement of changes in the bone system either. The presented data encourage further studies on the connective tissue biochemistry in the patients with numerical aberrations sex chromosomes. PMID- 7274995 TI - Half-life and metabolism of 3H-folic acid in oral contraceptive treated rats. AB - Half-life and tissue distribution of injected tritium labelled folate was examined in oral contraceptive (OCA) treated and control rats to elucidate the mechanism by which OCA treated rats show increased urinary excretion as well as tissue levels of folate. Urinary excretion of folate within the first 12 hours of injection was higher but subsequent excretion lower in OCA treated rats. Faecal excretion of folate was also lower in treated rats. Thus, the half-life of the rapid turnover labile pool of folate appears to be reduced, whereas that of the slow turnover stable pool is raised by OCA treatment. Concentration of labelled folate was higher in the liver and kidneys of treated rats but it was not affected in tissues such as intestine, bone and brain. The concentration of soluble folate binders in the kidney was raised by OCA treatment and the activity of dihydrofolate reductase in the liver (a folate binder) also tended to be higher though the difference was not significant. The observation suggest that OCA may alter folate turnover by changing the concentration of folate binders in the tissues. PMID- 7274996 TI - Anabolic action of dianabol (17 alpha-methyl-17beta-hydroxyandrosta-1, 4-dien-3 one) on the nitrogen balance and skeletal muscle composition of rats fed on field bean (Vicia faba L.). AB - The addition of Dianabol (17alpha-methyl-17beta-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one) (1 mg/100 g of diet) to a diet containing raw field bean (Vicia faba L.) as the sole source of protein has been studied in young male rats, fed for two weeks on the legume diet, as compared to casein-fed animals. A significant improvement (p less than 0.02) in the biological value and net protein utilization was found in the rats fed the legume diet with Dianabol added. Furthermore, a significant reduction (p less than 0.02) in the non-protein nitrogenous fraction of the skeletal musculature, together with a significant rise (p less than 0.02) in the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar nitrogenous fractions of this musculature, was found in the rats fed the raw legume diet with Dianabol added. Serum insulin levels, significantly reduced (p less than 0.02) in the legume-fed rats, reached the values of the control group by the addition of Dianabol to the legume diet. The possible nature of these effects is discussed. PMID- 7274997 TI - Calcitonin in healthy children. PMID- 7274998 TI - Metabolism of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in human bone. PMID- 7274999 TI - [Cushing's syndrome. Medical treatment of adrenal hypercorticism]. PMID- 7275000 TI - Circadian periodicity of plasma corticosterone levels in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock and surgical trauma. AB - The effects of surgical trauma and hemorrhagic shock on the circadian rhythmicity of corticosteroid secretion in the rat were investigated. The estimations were performed at 4-hour intervals for a 24-hour period. Control animals exhibited a characteristic circadian rhythm of plasma corticosterone with peak concentrations occurring at 8 p.m. followed by a gradual fall during the night, reaching a minimum at 8 a.m. Severe stress induced by hemorrhagic shock or surgical trauma caused a dramatic alteration in corticosterone rhythms which persisted up to 72 h following surgery or hemorrhage. It is apparent that the physiological mechanisms which regulate adrenal rhythmicity are disrupted for a prolonged period following major stress or trauma. PMID- 7275002 TI - Plasma and pituitary concentration of growth hormone in male and female rats during a 24-hour period. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of growth hormone (GH) secretion during a 24-hour period in the rat, in order to determine whether differences in plasma GH between male and female animals could be demonstrated. The daily fluctuations of plasma GH were characterized by three major bursts of secretion occurring at 09.00, 16.30 and 21.00 h in both sexes. In females, the three peaks were of the same extent, while in males the night peak was greater than the other two. Female rats maintained higher GH levels than males at 09.00, 12.00 and 16.30 h, while no differences between both sexes were found at all other times. These results show that sampling time seems to be of great importance in evaluating the differences in plasma GH concentration between experimental groups in which there could be marked differences in the daily patterns of hormone secretion. PMID- 7275003 TI - N-(9-Xanthenyl)amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides in the solid-phase synthesis of a Lys-Lys-linked cyclic leucine-enkephalin. AB - The side-chain-protected heptapeptide Phe-Leu-Lys(F3Ac)-Lys(F3Ac)-Tyr(Cac)-Gly Gly is assembled by stepwise chain elongation on a polystyrene resin, using inter alia N-(9-xanthenyl)-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides. After HBr cleavage from the resin, cyclization via carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide is carried out in a yield of 24%. Cleavage of the 9-carbazolylcarbonyl group by hydrazinolysis, and alkaline hydrolysis of the trifluoroacetyl groups, affords cyclo (-Tyr-Gly-Gly Phe-Leu-Lys-Lys-) in an over-all yield of 12%. The structure of the peptides is confirmed by mass spectrometry. PMID- 7275004 TI - [Synthesis of omega-carboxyacyl-L-phenylalanine-aryl esters and their use as substrates for cathepsin G and chymotrypsin]. AB - The synthesis of 5-carboxyvaleryl- and 3-carboxypropionyl-L-phenylalanine beta naphthyl ester (Adi-Phe-ONap, Suc-Phe-ONap) and 3-carboxypropionyl-L phenylalanine p-nitrophenyl ester (Suc-Phe-ONp) is reported. The two latter compounds were obtained in good yields by 3-carboxypropionylation of the L phenylalanine aryl esters with succinic anhydride at pH values below 6 in aqueous organic solutions. The beta-naphthyl esters in particular proved to be sensitive substrates for cathepsin G and chymotrypsin. They are not or only slightly hydrolyzed by other proteinases like elastases, kininogenases, e.g. kallikrein, plasmin, thrombin and trypsin. The spontaneous hydrolysis of the beta-naphthyl esters is relatively slow below pH 8. beta-Naphthol split-off during the enzyme reaction may be conveniently monitored at 328.5 nm (epsilon = 1730M-1 X cm-1) or with an at least 15-fold increase in sensitivity in a discontinuous assay after coupling with Fast Garnet at 520 nm (epsilon = 34800M-1 X cm-1). The increase in absorbance is linear with time and proportional to the amount of enzyme up to A 328.5 of at least 0.62. Adi-Phe-ONap is preferentially used for cathepsin G (at 328.5 nm 9.2-fold more sensitive than benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester, Bz-Tyr-OEt) whereas for chymotrypsin Suc-Phe-ONap is more advantageous (4.2-fold increase in sensitivity at 328.5 nm over Bz-Tyr-OEt). The influence of dimethyl sulphoxide and Brij 35 on the activity of cathepsin G and chymotrypsin was investigated using Suc-Phe-ONap as the substrate. The values of Km and kcat were determined for both enzymes and substrates. Because of the relatively high rates of spontaneous hydrolysis above pH 7.0 the use of Suc-Phe-ONp is less advantageous. PMID- 7275005 TI - Semisynthesis of human proinsulin, I. Preparation of arginyl-A-chain cyclic bis disulfide. AB - The semisynthesis of Arg-A-(SS)2 is described by the following chemical and enzymatic procedures: 1) A-(SSO theta 3)4 was acylated with arginine N carboxyanhydride by the known method. Arg-A-(SSO theta 3)4 was purified, reduced and oxidized to Arg-A(SS)2. When A(SS)2 was acylated under identical conditions a gel-like product was obtained which could be purified after oxidative sulfitolysis. This was then converted to Arg-A-(SS)2 as described above. Both the pathways gave the desired product in 20-25% yield. 2) Boc-Orn(Msc) was quantitatively attached to A-(SS)2 by the mixed anhydride method, the Msc group was then removed and the ensuing N delta-free amino function was amidinated. Traces of unconverted Orn derivative (less than 6%) were still present. 3) Boc Arg(HBr) was attached to A-(SS)2 by the mixed anhydride method and Arg-A(SS)2 was isolated after removal of the Boc group in 25% yield. 4) Boc-Arg(DHCH) was attached to A-(SS)2 by the mixed anhydride method. DHCH and Boc groups were removed in two steps and Arg-A-(SS)2 was isolated in 29% yield. 5) Boc-Arg was condensed with A-(SS)2 by trypsin-catalyzed synthesis. The removal of Boc group and purification yielded the desired product in 40-42% yield. This procedure was the most efficient and proceeded stereospecifically. PMID- 7275006 TI - Synthetic study on human C-peptide and its related peptides. AB - Syntheses of eighteen peptides related to human C-peptide and the connecting peptide are described. The syntheses were performed exclusively by the azide fragment condensation method. The immunochemical results justified the utilization of these peptides for development of human C-peptide radioimmunoassay system. The synthetic peptide fragments may be extremely important substrates for assessment of specificity of human C-peptide antisera and thus usefulness of the antisera in practical measurement of blood levels of human C-peptide immunoreactivity. PMID- 7275001 TI - Nutritional status, time of day and pinealectomy: factors influencing the sensitivity of the neuroendocrine-reproductive axis of the rat to melatonin. AB - Afternoon but not morning injections of melatonin (Mel) resulted in significant 68, 50 and 20% reductions in seminal vesicle, ventral prostate and testicular weights, respectively, as compared with underfed controls. As in the animals injected in the morning, reproductive organ weights in underfed-pinealectomized rats were unaffected by afternoon injections of Mel. Both pituitary and serum prolactin levels were significantly depressed in underfed rats receiving Mel in the afternoon; however, Mel was ineffective when given either in the morning or to pinealectomized rats. These data indicate that there is a diurnal rhythm of sensitivity to Mel in undernourished rats which is abolished by pinealectomy. PMID- 7275007 TI - [Synthesis of defined peptide derivatives via aminolysis of 3-[N alpha acylpepidyloxy)-2-hydroxy-N-alkylbenzamides at elevated temperatures, I. Synthesis of the model peptide derivative Z-Ala-Phe-Gly-N(Et)2 (author's transl)]. AB - Reacting 3-(N alpha-Benzyloxycarbonylalanyl-phenylalanyloxy)-2-hydroxy-N methylbenzamide with glycinediethylamide at temperatures within 60-100 degrees C, utilizing either dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone as solvents, yielded the corresponding tripeptide derivative Z-Ala-D/L-Phe-Gly N(Et)2. Depending on the reaction temperature and the nature of the solvent, the isolated tripeptide derivatives contained 0.55% (60 degrees C, dimethylformamide) to 2.5% (100 degrees C, dimethylformamide) of the D-epimer, which could be separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. 3-(N alpha Benzyloxycarbonylpeptidyloxy)-2-hydroxy-N-methylbenzamide derivatives allow peptide couplings at elevated temperatures even in those cases where the poor solubility of the amino components prevents the condensation step with those methods operating at low temperatures. PMID- 7275009 TI - Synthesis of a 21-residue fragment of human proinsulin by the polyamide solid phase method. AB - The synthesis of human proinsulin fragment residues 40-60 by a solid phase method based on polydimethylacrylamide is described. Nineteen of the amino-acids were introduced as N alpha-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) derivatives; functional side chains were protected as t-butyl ethers and esters. The yield of highly purified 21-residue peptide was 56.5%. PMID- 7275008 TI - Trypsin inhibitor III from squash seeds (Cucurbita maxima), its reactive site and proposed amino acid sequence. AB - The amino acid sequence of trypsin inhibitor III isolated from squash seeds (Cucurbita maxima) was established by Edman degradation and standard enzymatic and chemical techniques. The inhibitor consists of 28 amino acids crosslinked by two disulfide bridges. Arginine in position 5 was shown to be present at the reactive site of the inhibitor. PMID- 7275010 TI - Studies on the polydispersity and heterogeneity of proteokeratan sulfate from calf and porcine cornea. AB - After proteolysis of the calf and porcine corneae with papain 66 (calf) and 56 (hog) polysaccharide-containing fractions were obtained by chromatography on Dowex 1X2 and fractionating precipitation with ethanol (calf) and by chromatography on Dowex 1X2 and CPC-cellulose (hog). The sulfatation degrees (mol sulfate/mol hexosamine) and molecular weights (Mw) of 13 peptidokeratan sulfate fractions from calf cornea and of 9 such fractions from porcine cornea were 0.41 1.25 (Mw 3200-21 500), and 0.42-1.41 (Mw = 4900-25 600), respectively. It was found that the sulfatation degree increases more than proportionally with the chain-length. More than 90% of total keratan sulfate in both cases contain 2-3 mannose and 5-9 amino acid molecules per peptidokeratan sulfate molecule. About 30% of the corepeptide amino acids were asparagine or aspartic acid. More than 90% of the peptidokeratan sulfates from porcine cornea exhibits chain lengths of 31-47 disaccharide units. Two oligosaccharide peptides were isolated from porcine cornea, both being sulfate-free. Besides a core peptide of about 9 amino acids (2 Asx) one of them showed a sugar composition very similar to that of the binding region from corneal keratan sulfate accord. to Keller, R., Stein, T., Stuhlsatz, H.W., Greiling, H., Ohst, E., Muller, E., & Scharf, H.-D. (1981) Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 362, 327-336: 3 Man, 2 Gal, 4 GlcNAc. The calculated molecular weight based on 3 mannose residues (Mw = 2 600) agrees with that determined by gel chromatography. The second oligosaccharide peptide was homogeneous on electrophoresis and contained the constituents of the linkage region from chondroitin sulfate beside those from keratan sulfate. Based on 4 mannose residues the calculated molecular weight (4 300) is in agreement with that from gel chromatography. The sequence Asn-X-Asx starting with the binding-Asn is postulated in the core protein of proteokeratan sulfate from amino acid analyses of the corneal peptidokeratan sulfate fractions. PMID- 7275011 TI - N-Acetylalanine aminopeptidase, a new enzyme from human erythrocytes. AB - A new enzyme liberating N-acetylalanine from N-acetylalanine peptides with high specificity has been isolated from the cytosol of human erythrocytes. The N acetylalanine aminopeptidase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation at 60% saturation, followed by chromatography on columns of Sephadex G-200, SP Sephadex C-50, and DEAE-Sephadex A-50. About 2 000-fold enrichment was achieved from hemolyzed erythrocytes. The enzyme was homogeneous according to polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis and had a specific activity of 18.1 U/A280 unit. An apparent molecular weight of 300 000 +/- 15 000 was obtained from gel filtrations and was confirmed in the ultracentrifuge in "an active enzyme centrifugation" giving a corrected sedimentation value, s20w of 12 S. The pH optimum in triethanolamine/HCl buffer was around pH 8.3 with N-acetylalanine-4 nitroanilide as substrate, the Km was 0.616 mmol/l. The enzyme was stable between pH 6.0 to 8.0, but lost enzymic activity rapidly below pH 5 and with organic solvents. It is stabilized in a 0.1 M solution of ammonium sulfate. The activity was destroyed by high concentrations of chloromercuribenzoate and di(2 pyridyl)disulfide in an unspecific manner and could not be restored by cysteine. Various protein endoproteinase inhibitors are without influence on the enzymic activity. The enzyme exhibits an aminopeptidase-like activity with release of N acetylalanine in order of decreasing activity from N-acetylalanine-4 nitroanilide, N-acetylalanyl-alanylalanine, N-acetylalanyl-tyrosyl-isoleucine, N acetylalanylalanine, N-acetylalanyl-alanyl-alanylalanine, and N-acetylalanine ethyl ester. Several unacetylated peptides and alanine-4-nitroanilide as well as protein substrates were not hydrolyzed. The enzymic activity has not been found in the cytosolic compartment of highly purified human leucocytes. Its physiological function in erythrocytes is still unknown. PMID- 7275012 TI - Decreased carbohydrate content of rat plasma apolipoproteins in galactosamine hepatitis. AB - The total carbohydrate content and the monosaccharide composition of plasma apolipoproteins isolated from normal and D-galactosamine-treated rats were investigated. In the lipoprotein classes VLDL, LDL and HDL of control animals, the carbohydrate content was 5,5%, 3,4% and 2,9% of dry weight apolipoprotein, respectively. 24 h after galactosamine treatment, these values dropped to 1.8%, 1.6% and 2.3%. The reduction of the carbohydrate content in VLDL and LDL was mainly due to a decrease of the following monosaccharides: Mannose, galactose, N acetylglucosamine and sialic acid. Minor changes were observed in the fucose, glucose and N-acetylgalactosamine content. Particularly, the mannose/galactose ratio in the LDL fraction fell from 2.3 in control animals to 1.0 in the galactosamine-treated animals. In another series of experiments, the time course of these carbohydrate alterations in the LDL apolipoprotein was studied. As early as 3 h after galactosamine application, we found a reduction of the mannose, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine levels, with the absolute minimum at 24 h, and later on a normalization at 48 and 72 h. PMID- 7275013 TI - A convenient large-scale preparation of high molecular weight kininogen from human plasma. AB - Human high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen was purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and CM-Sephadex C-50, followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G 50. From 5 l fresh human plasma approximately 120 mg HMW kininogen was obtained. The yield was 40%. The preparation had a specific activity of 14 microgram bradykinin equivalent/A280 unit. Upon polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis HMW kininogen was separated into two close bands, whereas only one band with an apparent Mr of 120 000 was obtained in sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. Both protein fractions separated in disc gel electrophoresis released kinins upon incubation with kallikreins. The purified HMW kininogen had an isoelectric point of 4.65 when measured by isoelectric focusing. The amino acid composition of the purified HMW kininogen is given. The amino terminus of the molecule is blocked. In oligomerization studies adducts with molecular weights up to 810 000 were obtained. HMW kininogen gave a single precipitin arc in immunoelectrophoresis with antiserum directed against HMW kininogen. PMID- 7275014 TI - [Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin synthesis. Synthesis of [28-threonine,31 norleucine]- and [28-threonine,31-leucine]cholecystokinin-pancreozymin-(25-33) nonapeptide]. AB - The syntheses of two analogues related to the C-terminal nonapeptide amide sequence 25-33 of cholecystokinin-pankreozymin are described. Based on the primary structure of the CCK-PZ-active caerulein and the experiences gained from the methionine replacement with leucine or norleucine in human little gastrin I, the analogues were designed by substituting methionine 28 with threonine, and methionine 31 with leucine and norleucine, respectively. Using a new method for the synthesis of tyrosine-O-sulfate-containing peptides, developed in our laboratory, and applying acid-labile side-chain protection in combination with the benzyloxycarbonyl group, the fully protected nonapeptide amide derivatives Z Arg(Z2)-Asp(OBut)-Tyr-(SO3Ba1/2)-Thr(But)-Gly-Trp-Leu-Asp(OBut)-Phe-NH2 and Z Arg(Z2)-Asp(OBut)-Tyr(SO3-Ba1/2)-Thr(But)-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp(OBut)-Phe-NH2, were obtained. Upon hydrogenolytic and subsequent acidolytic removal of the protecting groups, followed by purification via chromatographic procedures the nonapeptide amides were isolated in satisfactory yields at a high degree of purity. In vivo and in vitro assays showed that a substitution of methionine 31 by norleucine with concomitant replacement of methionine 28 by threonine produced a fully active analogue, whereas for the threonine 28, leucine 31 analogue the pankreozymin-activity was lowered by a factor 10. PMID- 7275015 TI - Purification of a human spermatozoal antigen. AB - The lack of a more detailed study of spermatozoal antigens lies partly in the difficulty of adequate purification procedures. In the present work a spermatozoal cell membrane antigen was isolated using lithium 3,5 diiodosalicylate as the solubilizing agent. Its apparent molecular weight is 40 500 by gel filtration chromatography and 35 000 by dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Labelling of the antigen with 125I and subsequent radio-immunoprecipitation enabled the evaluation of specific binding to IgG and IgM molecules in sperm-agglutinating and sperm-immobilizing antisera. Adsorption experiments with the purified antigen resulted in significant titer reductions of the same antisera in the microsperm-agglutination and microsperm immobilization tests. This indicates the presence of an antigen molecule on the human spermatozoa that reacts with IgG and IgM antibodies and with both types of antisera. PMID- 7275016 TI - Relationship between the purity and molecular weight of calf thymus DNA. AB - The molecular weight and purity of calf thymus DNA, prepared by different procedures of isolation, were determined. The highest molecular weight was obtained by the method of Blin and Stafford (12 x 10(7)). This DNA contained 17% protein. The further purification of this DNA led both to increase of purity and to reduction of the molecular weight. The relationship between molecular weight and achieved purity was found to be a monotonic sigmoid-shape function ranging between the molecular weights of 12 x 10(7) and 12 x 10(6) and between the purities of 17 and 0.7% protein. After achieving this highest level of purity (0.7% protein content), despite repetition of the purification cycles, no further increase of purity or reduction of the molecular weight was achieved. The use of [14C]T4 bacteriophage DNA as internal standard demonstrated that the reduction of the molecular weight does not result from an artifact, such as shear or enzymatic degradation, but that the high-molecular-weight calf thymus DNA preparation must be considered to consist of either aggregates of small subunits stabilized by laterally attached proteins or of tandemly joined units connected by protein or peptide linkers. PMID- 7275017 TI - Purification and characterization of a Cytisus-type Ulex europeus hemagglutinin II by affinity chromatography. AB - Ulex europeus hemagglutinin II [Cytisus-type anti-H(O) hemagglutinin] inhibited most by di-N-acetylchitobiose has been purified by affinity chromatography on a column of chitobiose-Sepharose 4B, followed by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. The purified hemagglutinin was homogeneous by ultracentrifugal analysis and gave a single band by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, and had a molecular weight of 105 000 by sedimentation equilibrium and an isoelectric point of pH 6.66. This hemagglutinin was found to be composed of four, apparently identical, subunits of a molecular weight of 25 000 +/- 2 000 by dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and to contain 10.3% carbohydrate in which mannose (3.7%) was the predominant sugar, with smaller amounts of glucose, glucosamine, xylose, fucose and galactose. Amino acid analysis of the purified hemagglutinin II showed a large amount of aspartic acid and serine, but as little as 0.1 mol/100 mol of cystine or methionine could be detected. PMID- 7275018 TI - Snake venoms. Purification, some properties and amino acid sequence of a phospholipase A2 (DE-I) from Trimeresurus okinavensis (Hime-habu) venom. AB - A phospholipase A2 (DE-I) was purified from Trimeresurus okinavensis (Hime-habu) venom by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. It comprises 123 amino acid residues including 14 half-cystine residues. The primary structure of the enzyme has been elucidated. The sequence and invariant amino acid residues of DE-I resemble those of phospholipases A2 from venoms of Viperidae and Crotalidae (Group II) snake venoms. The phospholipase A2 from T. okinavensis contains two histidine residues which are located at the N-terminal residue and at the active centre (histidine-47). The acidic phospholipase A2 (DE-I) is not toxic. PMID- 7275019 TI - Quantitation of borderline and malignant mucinous ovarian tumours. AB - Discrimination between borderline and malignant mucinous ovarian tumours is a well-known diagnostic problem. In order to obtain objective reproducible and consistent features for differential diagnosis, 32 quantitative microscopical features were assessed in 10 benign, 10 borderline and 22 malignant mucinous ovarian tumours. There were many significant differences between the three groups, but using multivariate analysis there was 93% agreement between the histopathological assessment of these sections and the qualitative analyses. The following features were useful in the quantitative classification: the mean area, the mean perimeter and the mean of short axis of the nucleus; the volume percentage of the epithelium; the mitotic activity. In three cases, there was a difference between the original histopathological and computer classification. It was debatable whether the original diagnosis was correct, and therefore, all the cases were independently reassessed blind by three pathologists. Their diagnoses lend strong support to the computer classification in two of the three cases. The computer classification seems therefore to be even better than 93%. The present quantitative techniques are inexpensive, relatively easy to use, and, we believe, have a useful place in diagnostic histopathology. PMID- 7275020 TI - Atypical juvenile polyposis. AB - Two cases of atypical juvenile polyposis are described in males of 9 months and 25 years-of-age. The first was associated with congenital megacolon and presented as juvenile polyps with features suggesting mild dysplasia. In the second case six histological lesions are found: I hyperplastic polyps; 2 juvenile polyps; 3 hyperplastic polyps with adenomatous areas; 4 juvenile polyps with areas of dysplastic epithelium; 5 adenomas; and 6 adenocarcinomas. On the basis of the morphological features we propose a pathogenetic sequence of focal mucosal hyperplasia to adenoma and carcinoma through stages of non-neoplastic and non premalignant polyps. Finally, the possibility that hyperplastic epithelium can in some circumstances have a greater dysplastic potential that normal colorectal mucosa is raised. PMID- 7275022 TI - Blue naevus of lymph node capsule: report of a unique case. AB - This paper is the second report dealing with blue naevus of a lymph node, and represents only the third case of this entity. It is unique in that it is the first example in which more than one node was involved. The lesion is discussed in relation to the apparently somewhat more common presence of naevus-cell aggregates of lymph nodes, and in relation to blue naevi located in other unusual locations. The occurrence of these various naevoid lesions favours the concept that blue naevi of lymph nodes represent an arrest of migration of melanocytes from the neural crest, rather than a form of "benign metastasis" from a cutaneous site. PMID- 7275021 TI - The fine structure of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Eight human thyroid cancers (four papillary, and four lymph node metastases of papillary cancers) were studied at the ultrastructural level. The most characteristic anomalies affect the nucleus: "ground glass nuclei", highly indented nuclear membrane with formation of nuclear pseudoinclusions, nuclear bodies probably of nucleolar origin, fractionation of the periphery of the nucleus into multiple lobes joined by thin bridges of nuclear substance. Other abnormalities related to the mitochondria with decrease of size and number of cristae, the rough endoplasmic reticulum which was segregated in parallel saccules and the basal lamina was often reduplicated. The significance of these anomalies is discussed. PMID- 7275023 TI - Primary pulmonary ganglioneuroblastoma in an adult: maturation, involution and the immune response. AB - The features of a primary pulmonary ganglioneuroblastoma occurring in an adult are presented. The tumour showed evidence of both maturation and involution. Maturation appeared to be occurring in a centrifugal manner, a rim of mature ganglioneuromatous tissue enclosing the primitive neuroblastoma. Necrosis of the neuroblastomatous element was widespread and associated with deposition in the walls of numerous small vessels of an amorphous eosinophilic amyloid-like material. Accumulation of this material had led to occlusion of some vessels with resultant necrosis of related tumour. A collarette of lymphocytes surrounded the tumour, and lymphocytic aggregates were prominent at the interface between neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. Despite widespread vascular invasion, the patient remains well and apparently tumour-free, 2 1/2 years post-resection. The appearances may represent a combined cellular and humoral host response, and a possible relationship of this response to tumour maturation is suggested. The potential role of immunostimulation in the treatment of neuroblastoma is discussed. PMID- 7275024 TI - What did we really expect from deinstitutionalization? AB - Long-term, severely disabled psychiatric patients are almost by definition a marginal population. Yet the expectations of deinstitutionalization are often expressed in such terms as "helping them become a part of the mainstream of our society" and "normalization." Although only a minority of long-term patients can realize these expectations, the programs that receive the most attention are those geared to the higher-functioning minority. When scrutinized, proposed "solutions" to the problem of deinstitutionalization are found to be simplistic and unrealistic. Deinstitutionalization will have accomplished a tremendous amount if the mentally ill can live lives of dignity and a reasonable amount of comfort in the community, a good that will require increased investment of both effort and funds in their living arrangements. The private sector, given sufficient financial incentives and proper supervision and support, can provide quality services to chronic patients on a large scale. PMID- 7275025 TI - Continuity of mental health care to youth in the juvenile justice network. AB - A sizable number of youth at risk for psychiatric disabilities enter the juvenile justice system each year without sufficient screening mechanisms or treatment systems. In 1977 the children and youth division of a mental health center began a program of evaluation, treatment, and consultation for juveniles in the subsystem of probation, secure and nonsecure detention centers, urban group homes, and other postadjudication residential facilities. One of the major benefits--a central and coordinated response to youth identified as having significant emotional problems--stems from the opportunities opened up through the continuing care offered to this population. The agencies involved have been more accepting of the patient-centered method of service involvement than of program or staff development consultation. PMID- 7275026 TI - Problems in attracting and retaining psychiatrists in rural areas. AB - Efforts to eliminate the shortage of psychiatrists in rural areas have been relatively unsuccessful due to the special personal and professional problems facing the rural psychiatrist. The rural psychiatrist may feel personally isolated, encountering a somewhat foreign culture and living in uncomfortable proximity to patients and their families. He may feel professionally frustrated, for his physician colleagues are usually conservative and hold dear the medical model of care. He may suffer the typical frustrations of the psychiatrist working out of a community mental health center, and has little opportunity for professional growth. Academic training centers that train psychiatrists in region where they will work can more adequately prepare trainees for rural practice and can offer continuing education courses to professionals already practicing in the area. These centers should collaborate with mental health facilities to define and respond to manpower problems. Finally, opportunities for rural practitioners to make shifts in career emphasis over time should be created. PMID- 7275029 TI - Recruiting and retaining Alcoholics Anonymous volunteers in a hospital alcoholism program. PMID- 7275027 TI - Using an ombudsman and a rights committee to handle client complaints. PMID- 7275030 TI - Suicide prevention in the hospital. AB - Hospitals, both neuropsychiatric and medical-surgical, are responsible for perventing the suicide of patients under their care. Hospital populations are at higher risk because they include people in heightened physical or emotional distress and because the patients frequently have no other resources, making the hospital a primary source of support. Suicide does, in fact, occur in the hospital at a rate higher than in the general community. Review of such cases and of the suicide pervention policies of a wide variety of hospitals suggests a number of guidelines for suicide prevention in the areas of identification, environmental and procedural safeguards, communication, and general attitudes. Legal attitudes over the years have changed markedly with the courts continuing to stress the principle of foreseeability but now recognizing that pursuit of therapeutic goals requires the hospital to assume "therapeutic risks". These risks are evaluated primarily by the criterion of accepted community standards of care. PMID- 7275028 TI - Developing a data file for rape prevention through interagency collaboration. PMID- 7275031 TI - Contrasts in deinstitutionalization. PMID- 7275032 TI - Law and psychiatry, Soviet style. PMID- 7275033 TI - Deinstitutionalization of the retarded: trends in public policy. AB - Essential public policy features of the national movement to return institutionalized mentally retarded people to community settings include issues related to institutional census trends, class action litigation, cost "savings," and funding. The deinstitutionalization of retarded people is following a different course from that of the mentally ill; it started later and is occurring more gradually. Right-to-habilitation lawsuits in Alabama and Pennsylvania illustrate the class action suit; gains from litigation in the 1970s have been mixed, however. Comprehensive community care is not necessarily any cheaper than comparable institutional care. Trends in state construction expenditures, the Reagan Administration's proposal for block grants, and impending human services budget cuts are current funding issues. So that advocates of the disabled can more closely monitor future developments in state and federal policy, three continuing annual studies are proposed: a comparison of states' funding of programs for retarded people; and evaluation of nationwide data obtained in accreditation surveys; and a historical and contemporary description of the operations of each of the 50 state service systems. PMID- 7275034 TI - Implementing DSM-III in New York State mental health facilities. AB - In 1979 the commissioner of the New York State Office of Mental Health, after consulting with a committee of professionals, decided to adopt DSM-III as the psychiatric disorder classification system for state-run facilities; locally operated facilities were also encouraged to follow the new system. This report describes the processes administrative staff underwent in implementing the system. The authors discuss the problems encountered in winning acceptance of the new system, in adapting computer programs to the new coding, in encouraging its use by sister agencies, in training staff, in rediagnosing patients, and in reporting results to Medicaid and Medicare agencies. PMID- 7275035 TI - How psychiatrists allocate their professional time: implications for educational and manpower planning. AB - Data collected from 900 general psychiatrists graduating from 27 state hospital and university residency programs between 1961 and 1976 is used to determine certain patterns of patient care productivity among psychiatrists. The study relates differences in amount of hours spent per patient per month and number of inpatients and outpatients in treatment to psychiatrists' medical background (U.S. or foreign) and residency training (state hospital or university). The findings indicative that state hospital and university residency programs may instill different clinical behaviors in their graduates; possible changes in psychiatric residency programs are suggested. The author also proposes that the study data can be used to make rough estimates of the numerical range of psychiatrists needed in health care systems or in the U.S. as a whole. PMID- 7275036 TI - A community support system's use of state hospitalization: is it still necessary? AB - The development of the community support system model and other efforts to decentralize psychiatric care for the severely disabled has made the future role of the state psychiatric hospital uncertain. The authors studied patient admissions from a community support program in New York State to a state psychiatric hospital over a period of 18 months. They found that the program made very little use of the state hospital, accounting for only ten of the county's 33 admissions. The findings also suggest that refractory patients, staff fatigue, and restrictive utilization review criteria applied to the local general hospital were the primary reasons for continued use of the state hospital. The authors conclude that while the state hospital's front-line treatment role may no longer be necessary, the institution may be needed to care for those few patients whose illnesses do not respond well to current treatment alternatives. PMID- 7275037 TI - Family participation in the community rehabilitation of schizophrenics. AB - Families of schizophrenic patients frequently are ill equipped to handle the primary caretaking responsibilities that have fallen to them due to deinstitutionalization. The authors describe a program begun at a medical center in Southern California in 1978 to assist schizophrenic patients living at home and their families. The program, which consists of family therapy sessions in the home, focuses on education about schizophrenia, development of communication skills, and acquisition of structured problem-solving and other behavioral strategies. Preliminary findings of a controlled study of program participants suggest that the family interventions are both cost-effective and highly successful in reducing the incidence of relapse and hospitalization. PMID- 7275039 TI - A therapeutic work program in a short-term hospital. PMID- 7275038 TI - Using a PRN list to see appointment-breakers on a walk-in basis. PMID- 7275040 TI - Using predischarge appointments to improve continuity of care for high-risk patients. PMID- 7275041 TI - Drug histories obtained by pharmacists from psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 7275043 TI - The inanity of insanity: some improper applications of the insanity defense. PMID- 7275042 TI - Families as advocates for the mentally ill: a growing movement. PMID- 7275044 TI - On being a necessary evil at a mental health center. PMID- 7275047 TI - Not-for-profits move toward corporate restructuring. PMID- 7275045 TI - Confidentiality vs. the need to know. PMID- 7275046 TI - Joint collection program cuts fees. PMID- 7275048 TI - 10-year plan lowers unused bed capacity of small rural hospital. PMID- 7275050 TI - Rehab program uses "one-arm bandits'. PMID- 7275049 TI - Increased use of artificial heart foreseen for next decade. PMID- 7275051 TI - Computers make patient surveys more useful, more cost-effective. PMID- 7275052 TI - Retired employees staff cafeteria during evening and night shifts. PMID- 7275054 TI - For-profit systems pursue growth in specialization and diversification. PMID- 7275053 TI - Drug information service fosters rational drug use by consumers. PMID- 7275055 TI - Not-for-profit systems position themselves to meet upcoming challenges. PMID- 7275056 TI - "Networking' and the future of not-for-profit hospitals. PMID- 7275057 TI - Can Reagan really reform regulation? PMID- 7275058 TI - Academic medical center applies marketing audit to specific service. PMID- 7275059 TI - Legal access to medical records: conflicting claims. PMID- 7275061 TI - Selected hospital statistics--June 1981. PMID- 7275060 TI - Hospital cuts costs with telephone system. PMID- 7275062 TI - Grantsmanship plan can enhance hospitals' fund-raising activities. PMID- 7275064 TI - Synthetic antibiotic offers hope in fight against nosocomial infections. PMID- 7275065 TI - Use of career ladders helps hospital to ease nurse shortage woes. PMID- 7275063 TI - Transilluminating device promises safety in breast tissue examination. PMID- 7275066 TI - 'Life Flight' brings emergency care to rural mountainous areas. PMID- 7275067 TI - Simplified consent form aids understanding. PMID- 7275068 TI - 30 hospitals share engineering services. PMID- 7275069 TI - Comprehensive rehabilitation care will take prominent place in delivery system. PMID- 7275070 TI - Rehabilitation focuses wide variety of efforts on 'the whole person'. PMID- 7275071 TI - A sense of balance is needed for the '80s. Interview by Emily Friedman. PMID- 7275072 TI - Getting down to business: an increasing number of hospitals are adopting corporate organization and management structures. PMID- 7275073 TI - Scaring patients isn't going to cure them. PMID- 7275075 TI - Computer usuage in Britain's National Health Service. PMID- 7275074 TI - Your friendly neighborhood diagnosis-aiding talking computer. PMID- 7275076 TI - Data handling takes sophisticated effort. PMID- 7275077 TI - Ability to measure performance should be integral part of management information systems. PMID- 7275078 TI - Distributed data processing and networking can form a comprehensive HIS. PMID- 7275079 TI - Word processors seen as hedge against economic woes. PMID- 7275080 TI - Emotional aftershock takes its toll: Kansas City disaster haunts the survivors. PMID- 7275081 TI - Vital signs: financial performance for the second quarter, 1981. PMID- 7275082 TI - Operational auditor analyzes hospital operations for board. PMID- 7275083 TI - Early planning keeps building costs down. PMID- 7275084 TI - Hospital conducts educational tours for children. PMID- 7275085 TI - 24-hour shared CT system cuts costs. PMID- 7275088 TI - New trayline system cuts labor costs. PMID- 7275087 TI - Sea-land disaster drill tests regional response to emergency. PMID- 7275086 TI - Change in nursing shift patterns improves emergency department. PMID- 7275089 TI - 'Infection control month' kicks off employee awareness campaign. PMID- 7275091 TI - Symposium on chromosomes and neoplasia. PMID- 7275090 TI - Interior design brings light into subterranean radiation center. PMID- 7275092 TI - Chromosomes and cancer: new nomenclature and future directions. AB - The recent advent of high resolution chromosome techniques for the study of neoplasia has conceivably expanded the scope of cancer cytogenetics, making feasible the detection of chromosomal defects in most neoplasias. Because of the usefulness of the new technology, the Standard Chromosome Nomenclature has been extended to give a unified numbering system to the fine bands observed and to maintain a simple system for the description of previously undetectable defects and the more precise delineation of chromosomal rearrangements. PMID- 7275093 TI - Preleukemias. AB - A chromosomally abnormal clone is demonstrable in the bone marrow of a significant number of patients with hemic disorders that carry an increased risk for the subsequent development of leukemia. These "preleukemia" states include a variety of cytopenias, myeloproliferative disorders, and childhood syndromes. The cytogenetic alterations that occur nonrandomly in these dyscrasias are often similar to those observed in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and in the accelerated phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia: monosomy for chromosome 7; trisomy for 8,9,21, and the long arm of 1(1q); deletions of 5 and 20 (5q-, 20q-); and an isochromosome derived from 17 (iso 17q). These findings support the view that despite clinical differences, these various preleukemic disorders are all characterized by the presence in the hematopoietic tissues of a clone of cells derived from an altered hemic stem cell. Furthermore, the data suggest that preleukemia, chronic leukemia, and acute leukemia may be fundamentally similar diseases, differing primarily in the rate at which the aberrant clone is expanding. Chromosome studies may be of prognostic value in the cytopenic preleukemias. Patients with abnormalities show a decreased survival and are at increased risk for progression to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. In the myeloproliferative disorders and the preleukemic childhood disorders, cytogenetic alterations are not clearly predictive, and aberrant clones may persist for years without clinical progression. PMID- 7275094 TI - New chromosome techniques in the study of human neoplasia. AB - Amethopterin synchronization of bone marrow and lymph node cells makes it possible to obtain well banded and elongated metaphases and prometaphases in the majority of patients with leukemia and lymphoma. Chromosomal analysis of most neoplasias is also possible through the use of mild tumor cell disaggregation methods, short term culture on feeder layers, and special media that help in the preferential proliferation of cancer cells. In the past, only about half of all patients with acute leukemia and lymphoma could be shown to have a chromosomal defect, and only a small proportion of solid tumors could be analyzed. With the new technology, abnormal tissue from the majority of cancer patients can be successfully studied and chromosomal abnormalities detected. PMID- 7275095 TI - Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast. A clinocopathologic and ultrastructural study. AB - The clinical and pathologic features in six cases of spindle cell carcinoma of the breast were reviewed. Histologically this tumor is characterized by sheets of spindle cells often containing squamous epithelial islands and numerous cystic spaces lined by epidermoid carcinoma or benign appearing squamous epithelium. Areas of transition from the squamous epithelium or epidermoid carcinoma to malignant spindle cells were seen in all cases. Features of squamous epithelial differentiation were found in the spindle areas of the one tumor examined by electron microscopy. The prognosis in this neoplasm is similar to that in the more common breast carcinomas. Spindle cell carcinoma therefore should be distinguished from fibrosarcoma, stromal sarcoma, and carcinosarcoma. Moreover, it should be separated from the broader category of "metaplastic carcinoma," since this term includes a heterogeneous group of tumors of uncertain histogenesis and prognosis. PMID- 7275096 TI - Malignant melanoma in an ovarian cystic teratoma. AB - A case of malignant melanoma arising from an ovarian cystic teratoma is reported. The tumor was resected, but the patient died of metastases in the abdominal wall, peritoneal cavity, liver, and lungs. The possible histogenesis of the tumor is briefly discussed. PMID- 7275097 TI - The second diagnosis: the role of the pathologist in identifying pneumoconioses in lungs excised for tumor. PMID- 7275098 TI - Cerebral amyloid angiopathy. AB - Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is nonspecific disease entity that has been associated with a number of neuropathologic conditions, the most prominent being dementia and cerebral hemorrhage. It occurs more commonly than is generally appreciated, with implications that may be overlooked. Amyloid deposits are found in the vessels of the leptomeninges and cerebral cortex. There is often a close topographic relation to senile plaques, the histologic abnormality characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. Because of this relation and the well documented presence of amyloid in senile plaques, a similar natural history has been postulated for each. Histochemical studies indicate, however, that there are distinct differences between the amyloid deposits in cerebral vessels and senile plaques. An association between cerebral amyloid angiopathy and other forms of amyloidosis has similarly failed to be established, and a successful form of therapy has yet to be devised. PMID- 7275099 TI - Ultrastructure in C cell hyperplasia in asymptomatic patients with hypercalcitoninemia and a family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - C cell hyperplasia and occult medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in asymptomatic individuals at genetic risk can be detected by measurement of serum calcitonin concentrations before and after stimulation with a secretagogue. Electron microscopy was used to confirm the presence of C cell hyperplasia afte demonstration of elevated serum calcitonin values in three asymptomatic young women from two affected kindreds. Nodules of hyperplastic cells were observed in each of the three thyroids and were composed of two types of cells, one rich in secretory granules and the other in mitochondria. In one thyroid relatively large nodules also contained extracellular deposits of amyloid. Although the presence of the two types of cells and amyloid deposits is characteristic of medullary carcinoma, there was no evidence that the C cell nodules were malignant. However, such nodules may represent a certain stage in the development of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. We believe, therefore, that electron microscopy can demonstrate incipient C cell neoplasia in needle biopsy specimens. Confirmation of C cell neoplasia is desirable for positive diagnosis and hence for genetic counseling in patients with a family history of the disease. PMID- 7275100 TI - Diffusion chamber cultures of muscle from patients with scoliosis. AB - Explants from paraspinal muscles of patients with scoliosis were cultured in Millipore diffusion chambers placed in peritoneal cavities of mice. Three and four weeks of incubation produced a predominantly myogenic growth. Cell counts done on paraffin sections and on dissociated cells from the chambers showed that explants from the concavity of the spinal curvature grew better than those from the convexity. Since cells from injured muscles, when transplanted or cultured, are known to grow better than those from healthy control tissue, these findings support our previous morphologic observations that in idiopathic scoliosis concave muscles are more involved by the disease process. Secondary subculture of the chamber contents by conventional methods produced myotubes within one to two weeks. The relative ease of diffusion chamber muscle culture should make the method useful to laboratories that are not specifically equipped for tissue culture work. PMID- 7275103 TI - Autofluorescence in the identification of myocardial infarcts. AB - A method is described for demonstrating myocardial necrosis by changes in the autofluorescence of routine hematoxylin and eosin or hematoxylin and eosin phloxine stained sections using a standard microscope with an epifluorescence attachment. Regions of necrosis fluoresce with a brilliant yellow color clearly distinguishable from the dull olive-green to red-brown fluorescence of the neighboring viable cardiac muscle. PMID- 7275101 TI - Bronchocentric granulomatosis. AB - The clinical and morphologic features in 15 patients with bronchocentric granulomatosis were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the morphologic findings. Group I consisted of five patients with necrotizing granulomas containing abundant eosinophils in the areas of necrosis. Three of these patients were asthmatic, two had elevated blood eosinophil counts, and in one there were fungal hyphae within necrotizing granulomas. In another case a sputum culture was positive for Aspergillus. The findings in these cases support the contention that some bronchocentric granulomas associated with tissue eosinophilia may represent a hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled Aspergillus. Group II included 10 patients with bronchocentric granulomas showing many polymorphonuclear cells but few eosinophils. One of these 10 had asthma, and blood eosinophilia was found in only one patient. The etiology and pathogenesis of these bronchocentric granulomas in unclear. The differences in morphology and clinical symptomatology between the two groups suggest that these lesions may arise from more than one etiologic agent and pathogenetic mechanism. Follow-up information was available for 11 individuals. Corticosteroids were given to four patients and lesions were resected from five patients. Neither recurrence of bronchocentric granulomas nor death due to them was reported. PMID- 7275102 TI - Cystic adventitial disease. AB - Cystic adventitial disease represents an unusual cause of peripheral vascular insufficiency. A mucinous cyst in the outer media or adventitia progressively compromises the arterial lumen. The therapy can be either aspiration of the cyst or resection with graft interposition. We present two cases involving the popliteal artery that were treated by resection. This lesion may be recognized by its angiographic appearance associated with a lack of generalized atherosclerotic disease. PMID- 7275104 TI - Ultrastructure of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney. A distinctive renal tumor of children. AB - An unusual and highly malignant childhood renal tumor has been noted among the specimens of the National Wilms' Tumor Study. Prominent nucleoli, PAS positive cytoplasmic inclusions, and light microscopic features suggestive of rhabdomyoblastic differentiation are hallmarks of this tumor. Ultrastructural examination of 11 specimens revealed the filamentous. PMID- 7275106 TI - CRT viewing I. PMID- 7275105 TI - Malignant melanoma of the bronchus. AB - A case of malignant melanoma of the bronchus is presented. The tumor obstructed the left main stem bronchus. Secondary pneumonia was probably caused by Hemophilus influenzae. PMID- 7275107 TI - An investigation of health complaints and job stress in video display operations. PMID- 7275108 TI - Evaluation of work station design factors in VDT operations. PMID- 7275109 TI - A radiation and industrial hygiene survey of video display terminal operations. PMID- 7275112 TI - Augmented feedback in adaptive motor skill training. PMID- 7275110 TI - Visual fatigue and occupational stress in VDT operators. PMID- 7275111 TI - Aging and pretraining in industrial inspection. PMID- 7275113 TI - Electrophysiological and psychophysical characteristics of perception of amplitude-modulated noise. PMID- 7275114 TI - Coordination of eye and head movements during the fixation reflex. PMID- 7275115 TI - Dependence of heat production by skeletal muscle on its pattern of contraction. PMID- 7275116 TI - Cardiac frequency as a means of predicting working capacity. PMID- 7275117 TI - Informativeness of the pulse rate for assessment of physical working capacity. PMID- 7275118 TI - Dynamics of psychophysiological and cardiovascular indices during operator activity involving expectation and tracking. PMID- 7275119 TI - Comparative characteristics of human resistance to long-term overloads with gravitational gradients. PMID- 7275120 TI - Individual differences in respiratory response during voluntary hyperventilation. PMID- 7275121 TI - Changes in oxygen-binding properties of the blood in old age. PMID- 7275122 TI - Age increase in cholesterol content of peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 7275124 TI - Memorizing of emotionally meaningful and neutral information during adaptation of man to different climato-geographic conditions. PMID- 7275123 TI - Correlation between DNA repair and cholesterol concentration in blood serum and lymphocytes. PMID- 7275125 TI - Role of the dominant and nondominant hemispheres in the organization of spatial hearing. PMID- 7275126 TI - A mathematical model of mechanisms of signal processing by brain neuron populations. I. Enunciation of the problem and basic properties of the model. PMID- 7275127 TI - Characteristics of somatosensory evoked potentials recorded over the spinal cord and brain of man. PMID- 7275128 TI - Scanning laser ophthalmoscope. PMID- 7275129 TI - Longitudinal mixing in a cast of the human larynx. PMID- 7275130 TI - An investigation of computerized tomography by direct Fourier inversion and optimum interpolation. PMID- 7275131 TI - Review of quantitative and automated needle electromyographic analyses. PMID- 7275132 TI - Frequency parameters of the myoelectric signal as a measure of muscle conduction velocity. PMID- 7275133 TI - A comparison of digital algorithms used in computing the derivative of left ventricular pressure. PMID- 7275134 TI - Multichannel implantable stimulator for control of paralyzed muscle. PMID- 7275136 TI - Prey-predator-protector model for cancer. PMID- 7275135 TI - Computer-based operant behavioral system for microwave bioeffects research. PMID- 7275137 TI - A simple method for in vitro studies with rodent urinary bladders. AB - A method was developed for the in vitro study of rodent urinary bladders. The method consists of everting and distending the urinary bladder in a manner to allow exposure of the luminal surface of the urothelium during in vitro incubation while maintaining the integrity of the structure and morphology of the bladder. A technique for selectively removing the urothelium with SDS buffer for biochemical analysis was described. Incorporation of [3H]leucine into urothelial protein was linear over a 4 h period in the presence of tissue culture medium, but no significant incorporation occurred when urine was used as incubation medium. Autoradiography indicated the [3H]leucine incorporation was almost exclusively in the urothelial cells with essentially no incorporation by cells below the tunica propria. PMID- 7275138 TI - Collagen synthesis and accumulation in long-term rabbit aortic smooth muscle cell cultures. PMID- 7275139 TI - Continuous cell lines from embryonic tissues of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). AB - Six new cell lines were established in continuous culture from embryonic tissues of ixodid ticks. Four were from Dermacentor variabilis and two from D. parumapertus. The cells are mostly fibroblastic and diploid. Mosquito-borne viruses (Chikungunya, O'nyong, yellow fever, and St. Louis encephalitis) as well as tick-borne ones (Langat, Powassan, Colorado tick fever, Kemerovo, and Sawgrass) replicated in certain of these cell lines, but a nonvector-borne flavivirus, Modoc, did not. An underscribed virus from D. occidentalis ticks, which could not be isolated in Vero cells or newborn mice, was readily isolated in the D. variabilis cell line. PMID- 7275140 TI - Cell cycle parameters of 3T3 cells cultured as aggregates. AB - BALB/c3T3 cells cultured as aggregates were examined by two independent techniques to determine whether or not cells accumulated at a specific point in the cell cycle, and if so to determine the point at which they accumulate. Replating cells onto dishes followed by pulse labeling with [3H]thymidine and autoradiography indicated that aggregate-cultured cells were in the same phase of the cell cycle as cells cultured as confluent monolayers. Flow microfluorometry confirmed that 75% of the aggregate-maintained cells were arrested in G(0) or G(1), with 25% distributed throughout the rest of the cell cycle. Labeling and mitotic indices of cells in aggregates were also consistent with about 20 to 25% of the cells being in S + G(2) = M phases of the cell cycle at any time. PMID- 7275141 TI - Quantitation of human mammary epithelial antigens in cells cultured from normal and cancerous breast tissues. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay technique was developed to quantitate the level of human breast celltype specific antigens on cells from normal breast and from various established cell lines of breast and nonbreast origins. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed four major proteinaceous components (150,000; 75,000; 60,000; and 48,000) in human milk fat globule membranes that were used to immunize rabbits in order to elicit antimammary epithelial cell antibody. Antisera obtained were rendered specific by absorptions and were able to recognize three specific mammary epithelial components of the breast epithelial cell. Human mammary epithelial (HME) antigen expression was highest (1290 ng/10(6) cells) in normal breast epithelial cells from primary cultures of normal breasts. Lower levels (range: 955 to 330 ng/10(6) cells) were found in breast epithelial cells from cell lines established from cancerous breast tissue. Cells of nonbreast origins as well as fibroblasts from breast gave much lower values (less than 30 ng/10(6) cells). On treatment, with trypsin, of two breast epithelial cell lines (MDA-MB-157 and MCF-7) 80 to 85% of their HME antigen expression was lost, suggesting that a majority of these breast antigens reside on the cell surface. PMID- 7275142 TI - Promotion of mitosis in cultured newt limb regenerates by a diffusible nerve factor. AB - Regeneration blastemata of adult newt forelimbs were cultured transfilter to dorsal root ganglia on extremely low porosity (0.05 mu m) filters. Mitotic index profiles in these blastemata were compared with those obtained using filters of greater porosity (0.45 mu m). In the above experiments nerves and blastema tissue were separated by 5 or 25 mu m, i.e., the thickness of the respective filters. The results show that the transfilter mitogenic effect of the nerves was retained when the lower pore size filters were used. In addition, sensory ganglia grown at the bottom of a culture well, separated from the blastema explants by a distance of approximately 2 mm, were nevertheless able to promote blastema cell proliferation. The ganglia can thus be considered to be providing a "sustained conditioning" of the medium with neuromitogenic factor(s). This study also shows that nerves can promote blastema cell mitosis, although cell-to-cell contact between nerves and responding cells was precluded. PMID- 7275143 TI - Rat pleural mesothelial cells in culture. AB - A culture system has been developed for long-term maintenance of rat pleural mesothelial cells. Mesothelial cells were isolated from the parietal pleura of rats and cultured in NCTC 109 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cell explants attached to the dish and formed a confluent monolayer of polygonal cells within 10 to 15 days. Subcultures were made in the same medium. The mean population doubling time was approximately 30 hr. The ultrastructure of the mesothelial cells in culture was studied by light and electron microscopy and was compared with that of cells obtained from sub-mesothelial components. PMID- 7275146 TI - Purification of two forms of carboxypeptidase A from goat pancreas & ther characterisation. PMID- 7275144 TI - Role of secondary interactions in the anomalous pK values of histidines in ribonuclease S. PMID- 7275145 TI - Solubility of serum albumins in ammonium sulphate solution with special reference to its dependence on protein conformation. PMID- 7275147 TI - Isolation, purification & properties of a lectin from the latex of Synadenium grantii Hook f. PMID- 7275148 TI - Gluconeogenesis in the dipteran fleshfly, Sarcophaga ruficornis. PMID- 7275150 TI - Distribution of lipids & molecular species of phosphatidyl choline & phosphatidyl ethanolamine of goat liver. PMID- 7275149 TI - Lipogenic responses to dietary glucose in selected rat adipose tissues. PMID- 7275152 TI - Liquid holding recovery & photoreactivation of the ultraviolet-inactivated Vibrios. PMID- 7275151 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in extraneural tissues in leptazol-induced convulsions & on gamma-aminobutyric acid pretreatment. PMID- 7275153 TI - LDH isoenzyme profile in the brain of meningoencephalitic mouse. PMID- 7275154 TI - Determination of protein in presence of hydroxylamine & other reducing agents. PMID- 7275155 TI - Temperature-induced alterations in phospholipid & fatty acid composition of Microsporum species. PMID- 7275156 TI - Effect of undecanoic acid on fatty acid composition of undecanoic acid sensitive & resistant mutant of Trichophyton rubrum. PMID- 7275157 TI - Tissue phospholipid distribution in catfish. PMID- 7275158 TI - A simple rapid method foy drying & preserving polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 7275159 TI - Reaction of methionine with some biologically important o-quinones. PMID- 7275160 TI - In vivo & in vitro inhibition of mung bean superoxide dismutase by cupferron. PMID- 7275161 TI - Intestinal conversion of lutein into 3-dehydroretinol in freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis & Channa straitus. PMID- 7275162 TI - Theoretical study of the effect of temperature on cell division & of the variation of nucleus & cytoplasmic mass preceding mitosis. PMID- 7275163 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica IHA-test (author's transl)]. AB - 612 serum specimens were examined for antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica (Y.e.) with the Widal technique, and an indirect (passive) hemagglutination test. The Widal test was carried out with antigens of Y.e. serovar 0:3 and 0:9. Human erythrocytes coated with antigens of both serovarieties were used for the Y.e. IHA-test. This test system showed higher agglutinin titres than the Widal reaction. Both methods were equivalent concerning their specificity. The Y.e. IHA test is suitable for screening enteric diseases to determine infections caused by. Y. enterocolitica. This test is easy to set up and can be used for routine diagnostics since it can be carried out and interpreted quickly and objectively. PMID- 7275165 TI - Specific anti-thyroxine antisera induced by thyroxine sensitized liposomes. AB - Specific anti-thyroxine rabbit antisera were generated from complete Freund's adjuvant with liposomes consisting of sphingomyelin, cholesterol, dicetylphosphate and 5-N-thyroxine-2,4-dinitrophenyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (T4 Dnp-PE). Spin membrane immunoassay technique was used to measure the sensitivity and specificity of these antisera. Addition of 10 to 70 ng of L-thyroxine produced significant inhibition of immune lysis. Addition of L-3,3',5 triiodothyronine (T3) up to 800 ng showed no cross reaction. PMID- 7275166 TI - Tumor associated immunosuppression in mice bearing anaplastic carcinoma. AB - The effect of anaplastic carcinoma (15091A) and fibroblast cell culture supernates was examined in conjunction with Concanavalin A (Con A) on the splenic lymphocyte transformation of syngeneic A/J mice. Though both the tumor and normal cell culture supernates caused a dose-dependent suppression of the in vitro DNA synthesis of lymphocytes, larger depressive effects were observed with the former. Similar results were observed with supernates collected from tumor cell and fibroblast cultures in 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum or serum-free media. The results of these experiments indicate that the depressed immunological reactivity observed in animals and human with cancer may be attributed to enhanced release of immunosuppressive factor(s) by malignant tissue into the body fluids of hosts. PMID- 7275164 TI - Immune complexes facilitate uptake of antigen from the gut. AB - Radiolabeled DNP-ovalbumin was injected with and without DNP-specific antibody into ligated gut segments of neonatal rats. The transfer of this labeled protein to mesenteric lymph nodes and binding to gut tissue was examined. When the antigen, DNP-ovalbumin, was present in the gut in an immune complex from a selective localization of antigen in the mesenteric lymph node was observed. These data suggest that immune complexes in milk could potentially modulate neonatal immunological development. PMID- 7275167 TI - The secondary immune response against liposome associated antigens. AB - In the present experiments, the secondary immune response against antigens is studied after priming with liposome associated antigens and booster injections with the antigen alone, in order to study the effect of liposomes on the generation of immunological memory against the associated antigens. Liposomes show adjuvant activity with respect to both the primary and secondary immune response against associated human serum albumin (HSA). When the injected dose of liposome associated HSA was too low to elicit a primary immune response, generation of immunological memory against the antigen could not be detected. Horse radish peroxidase (HRP) associated with liposomes did not elicit a primary immune response, but immunological memory against the antigen was established. PMID- 7275168 TI - Effects of adult thymectomy on the contact sensitivity skin reaction and the unresponsiveness caused by feeding contact sensitizing agents. AB - Unresponsiveness was produced in mice by three feeds of high doses of oxazolone or picryl chloride. The mice were then sensitized and contact sensitivity assessed by ear swelling. Adult thymectomy prevented the unresponsiveness caused by feeding. In some but not all experiments adult thymectomy also increased the response to a single skin paint. This effect of thymectomy was apparent at 1 week and reached a plateau at 2-3 weeks. The effect of adult thymectomy, on unresponsiveness caused by feeding and its ability to increase the contact sensitivity skin reaction, was reversed by treatment with crude thymosin fraction V. PMID- 7275169 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus in mice: characterization of a membrane immunogen involved in delayed hypersensitivity. AB - Staphylococcal membrance proteins are potent initiators of delayed hypersensitivity following multiple subcutaneous injections of viable organisms. When the membranes are separated by exclusion chromatography they separate into three distinct fractions, one of which was responsible for the elicitation of footpad (FP) reactivity in sensitized mice. The active immunogen was characterized as a glycoprotein having a molecular weight of approximately 15,600 Daltons, with the peptide and carbohydrate moieties linked by covalent bonding. In vitro spleen cell stimulation and macrophage migration inhibition studies revealed that the active FP fraction was also the immunogen involved in these responses. The immunogenic fraction also had mitogenic properties as evidenced by the stimulation of non-sensitized spleen cells. These data characterize a glycoprotein present in Staphylococcus aureus cell membrane which is both immunogenic and mitogenic and is the principal immunogen responsible for the early delayed hypersensitivity response. PMID- 7275171 TI - Morphological characterization of a cell population responsible for natural killer activity. AB - Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were observed in the peripheral blood, spleen, lung and, to a lesser extent, bone marrow and lymph nodes, but not in the thymus of C3H/HeN mice 8 weeks old. The organ distribution of natural-killer (NK) cytotoxicity closely followed that of LGL. Nude mice had higher LGL percentages and NK activity than normal mice. In addition, the age distribution of LGL from the peripheral blood followed that of NK activity. Employing discontinuous Percoll density gradients the percentage of LGL and the NK cytotoxicity of the low density fractions could be enriched in comparison with the original populations of lymphocytes from peripheral blood and spleen, but not from thymus. These results suggest that, as recently shown for humans and rats, in mice too LGL are associated with NK activity. PMID- 7275172 TI - Selective localization of mesenteric lymphoblasts in mucosal tissues: effects of altering the number of donor lymphoblasts. AB - We have studied the effect of altering the numbers of lymphoblasts from the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) transferred into syngeneic female CBA/J mice on their distribution and abundance 24 hr later. The frequency of [3H]-thymidine-labelled donor MLN cells in the recipient small intestine and lungs was directly related to the numbers transferred. Of the donor MLN lymphoblasts in the small intestine, 62.5% +/- 0.9% were seen in the basal lamina propria, 32.5% +/- 0.9% in the villus lamina propria and 5% +/- 0.6% in the epithelium. Of the MLN lymphoblasts localizing in the lungs, 90% +/- 2.3% were in the parenchyma while 6.7% +/- 1.8% and 3.3% +/- 1.0% appeared in the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and the bronchial epithelium, respectively. Although few peripheral lymph node (PLN)- derived lymphoblasts localized in the small intestine, the numbers of PLN lymphoblasts in the lungs were similar to those observed after transfer of comparable doses of MLN lymphoblasts. However, PLN Lymphoblasts were found only in the pulmonary parenchyma and did not appear in either BALT or bronchial epithelium. These data suggest that the number of MLN, but likely not PLN, lymphoblasts in the circulation, directly influences the numbers of lymphoblasts which localize in intestinal mucosa, BAlt and bronchial epithelium. Even at the highest doses of MLN lymphoblasts transferred we could not saturate the capacity of these tissues to accommodate MLN lymphoblasts nor was their intra-intestinal distribution altered. PMID- 7275173 TI - Computer simulation of the cellular immune response to malignant lymphoid cells: logic of approach, model design and laboratory verification. AB - A computer model was constructed to simulate the lymphocyte-mediated destruction of line Ib malignant lymphoid cells (Ib cells) as they circulated through the major tissue compartments of immune syngeneic C58 mice. The technique of discrete event simulation was used to account for the arterial and venous circulation of blood-borne Ib cells through the lung, spleen, liver, and carcass. Simulation was carried out by means of IBM computer program 360, using the technique of General Purpose System Simulation. The parameters analysed were the mean residence times of viable and killed Ib cells in each tissue compartment, the rate or proliferation of Ib cells, the rate of generation of cytotoxic splenic lymphocytes, the rate of lysis of 51Cr labelled Ib cells, and the organ-specific rate constants for target cell kill. Direct laboratory measurements of these parameters validated the model and made it possible to calibrate computer simulations by the technique of best-fit analysis. The computer modelling technique accurately simulated the growth of viable Ib cells in vivo and the retention times of 51Cr in the spleen, lung, liver and carcass when viable or heat-killed Ib cells were inoculated intravenously (i.v.) into normal and immune mice. Computer simulations quantitatively defined the mean residence times of viable and heat-killed Ib cells in the major tissue compartments and the mean rate constants for target cell lysis in such compartments. The applicability of modelling approach to an analysis of immunological phenomena is discussed. PMID- 7275175 TI - Asymmetric division of lymphoid cells of the thymus of embryonic guinea-pigs. A cell kinetic study. AB - Cell division of thymus lymphoid cells from 30- to 60-day-old embryonic guinea pigs, as well as young adults was investigated on cell smears stained with Giemsa. Asymmetrically dividing cells were found in the developmental stage of thymocytes. At the telophase of such cells, the cytoplasma of one of two immature daughter cells was apparently larger in amount than that of the counterpart cell. When 40-day embryonic lymphoid cells were examined, most of the asymmetrically dividing cells at telophase belonged to the larger cell population (mean diameter 15.7 micrometer). The mean diameters of the larger and smaller immature daughter cells of these dividing cells were estimated as 12.0 and 9.2 micrometer, respectively. Ultrastructural study also revealed a lymphoid cell which was under going in situ apparent symmetric division at telophase. One of two immature daughter cells alone possessed a large cytoplasmic protrusion with few organella. The frequence of asymmetric division calculated by a rough estimation was around 10% of the total cell division between days 30 and 40 of embryonic development, and decreased thereafter. During this developmental period, thymic lymphoid cells were shown to progressively transform into smaller cells. A scheme regarding the mode of thymocyte proliferation during the embryonic period is proposed. and the biological meaning of the present phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 7275174 TI - Interaction of antibody-aggregated C4 and guinea-pig red cells: coagglutination phenomenon of Bordet and Gengou. AB - The component of bovine serum (coagglutinogen) responsible for coagglutination of guinea-pig red cells has been shown to be c4, as anticipated from our previously reported findings on human serum. To effect coagglutination, the C4 needs to be aggregated by antibody; thereby probably increasing the avidity of the C4 for the receptors on guinea-pig red cells. The coagglutinating activity is lost if univalent Fab anti-C4 is used, but it can be restored by adding IgG antibody to the Fab. A procedure is described for producing antibody reagents to human or bovine C4 by injecting guinea-pigs with well-washed coagglutinated guinea-pig red cells. PMID- 7275170 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte growth by Ulex seed extracts (USE). AB - Extracts produced from the seeds of Ulex europeus (European gorse) were found to contain an inhibitor of human and murine lymphocyte growth. Interference with lymphocyte growth was demonstrated in three test systems. (1) Ulex seed extracts (USE) prevented the uptake of tritiated thymidine by stimulated human T and B lymphocytes. (2) The numbers of sensitized murine lymphocytes releasing antibody were diminished after incubation with USE. (3) Murine lymphoid tumour cells cultured in the presence of USE had a reduced growth potential. Growth inhibition occurred independently of the mode of lymphocyte stimulation. Increased metabolic activity induced by plant seed mitogens, alloantigens and direct immunization, as well as that endogenously present in rapidly growing tumour cells, was similarly restricted. The inhibition of lymphocyte growth was not the result of cytotoxicity and was easily reversible by washing lymphocytes free of USE. The USE growth inhibitor was found not to be anti-H and appeared to function as an antithesis of stimulators found in other plant seed extracts. PMID- 7275177 TI - Internal histoincompatability during amphibian metamorphosis? AB - Larval amphibia are immunologically competent. Yet during metamorphosis, various regressive and progressive processes replace larval with adult structures. These new structures are thought to arise in an immunological environment which provides protection from rejection of non-larval targets. Pre-metamorphic larvae and post-metamorphic adults require carrier-primed amplification in order to generate an anti-hapten response. However, we find that the response to a single challenge of the hapten, TNP, conjugated to a thymus-dependent (TD) carrier, sheep erythrocytes, is substantial in the absence of carrier priming early in metamorphosis. In contrast, the response to TNP on LPS, a thymus-independent carrier, is unaffected by metamorphosis, We suggest that a unique internal histoincompatibility between larval and adult lymphoid cells may provide a substitute for the carrier-priming requirement in the hapten-TD carrier response during metamorphosis. PMID- 7275176 TI - The onset of polymorphonuclear leucocyte membrane-stimulated metabolic activity. AB - The time course of polymorphonuclear leucocyte oxidative metabolism following membrane stimulation by four different agents was examined using the techniques of luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence. After addition of opsonized zymosan, phorbol myristate acetate or digitonin to polymorphonuclear leucocytes there was a lag period of between 35 and 55 sec before the onset of chemiluminiscence. In contrast, after addition of the chemotactic peptide N formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), the lag period before chemiluminescence was less than 19 sec. Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence was reduced by superoxide dismutase and almost abolished by sodium azide. The inhibitory effect of the latter was less marked when using FMLP. Lucigenin dependent chemiluminescence was inhibited by superoxide dismutase and enhanced by sodium azide. Cytochalasin B reduced zymosan and digitonin stimulated chemiluminescence but increased FMLP stimulated chemiluminescence. The results of the onset of polymorphonuclear leucocyte metabolic activity using other techniques. PMID- 7275178 TI - The goldfish immune response. I. Characterization of the humoral response to particulate antigens. AB - Anti-red blood cells (RBC) and anti-hapten antibody synthesis were studied in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Spontaneous haemagglutination titres were found against all the antigens tested. A weak secondary response was observed in RBC primed fish boosted during the end-phase of the primary antibody production. However, when the second antigenic challenge was performed during the early exponential phase of a primary stimulation, an important amplified response was obtained. The antibody production and immunological memory can be dissociated: no antibody synthesis occurred in glutaraldehyde-fixed RBC (F-RBC) primed was obtained when untreated or F-RBC were given to F-RBC primed animals. The amplified response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was significantly inhibited when fish were primed with a mixture of SRBC and Xenopus red blood cells (XRBC), demonstrating an antigenic competition phenomenon. Studies on anti trinitrobenzene responses confirm the efficiency of E. coli lipopolysaccharide as a carrier for fish anti-hapten immunization. The kinetics and regulation of antibody synthesis in fish are discussed in relation to the described results. PMID- 7275179 TI - Adoptive transfer of total and parasite-specific IgE responses in rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. AB - Infection of rats with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis has both a parasite-specific and non-specific IgE stimulating effect. Both these responses can be adoptively transferred with thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) from infected rats. The character of the IgE response in the recipient rats was related to the stage after infection of the cell donors. TDL from hyperimmune rats adoptively transferred high serum titres of parasite-specific IgE to infected recipient rats and substantially increased the levels of total IgE. However, adoptive immunization with TDL from donors infected 10 days previously did not stimulate parasite-specific IgE and only slightly increased total IgE levels. After cell fractionation the sIg- cells from day 10 TDL increased the level of total IgE but not parasite-specific IgE whereas sIg- cells from hyperimmune TDL did not induce any IgE response unless given with sIg+ cells. The possible reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 7275180 TI - The sequence of changes in blood flow and lymphocyte influx to stimulated rat lymph nodes. AB - The rat popliteal lymph node was studied from 1 hr to 8 days after the footpad injection of either sheep erythrocytes or syngeneic rat erythrocytes. The following were measured relative to the contralateral (unstimulated) lymph node: (i) blood flow; (ii) lymph node weight; (iii) influx of lymphocytes from the blood; (iv) [3H]-thymidine incorporation; (v) [35S]-sulphate incorporation into macromolecular form (chiefly by high endothelial venules). After the arrival of sheep erythrocytes all five quantities showed substantial increases which began in a definite sequence. The blood flow started to rise first and may have been the main factor contributing to the later increase in lymphocyte influx. Increased sulphate incorporation began later than the rise in lymphocyte influx. After the injection of rat erythrocytes a small increase in lymphocyte influx was found without a corresponding increase in blood flow. In rats irradiated before the footpad injections lymphocyte influx increased three-fold after sheep erythrocytes, rat erythrocytes or PBS, again without a corresponding increase in blood flow. Thus while variation in blood flow to high endothelial venules is one important factor in determining the supply of lymphocytes to the lymph node other factors are operative in certain situations. PMID- 7275181 TI - Production of an anti-tumour cytotoxin by human monocytes. AB - Human monocytes incubated in vitro for 20 hr at 37 degrees release a factor which is cytotoxic to a number of human and murine tumour cell lines: untransformed cells appear to be less susceptible. A similar factor is produced under comparable conditions by myelomonocytic leukaemic cells and by macrophages derived from monocytes by in vitro culture for 8 days. Maximum production of the factor occurred in the presence of foetal calf serum or autologous plasma and endotoxin. The factor is newly synthesized in culture as its production is reduced if the monocytes are treated with cycloheximide or actinomycin D or incubated at lower temperatures. Freshly isolated monocytes do not release the factor on freeze--thaw or hypotonic lysis. The monocyte cytotoxin has apparent molecular weights of 34,000 on Ultrogel AcA54 gel filtration and 140,000 on gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; it has beta 2--gamma 1 electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel and does not appear to be C3a or arginase. PMID- 7275182 TI - Inhibition of spontaneous but not antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by simple sugars: evidence that endogenous lectins may mediate spontaneous cell mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Using Chang and K-562 cell line cells as targets, we have observed that a number of sugars are capable of inhibiting spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) but not antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The sugars D( )ribose, beta-gentiobiose, N-acetyl-D-galatosamine, and alpha-lactose all significantly inhibited SCMC of Chang and K-562 cell line cells. Because these same sugars caused no inhibition of ADCC against either Chang or K-562 cell line cells in assays run simultaneously, the results do not appear to be due to a non specific toxic effect of the sugars against the effector cells. These studies add to the evidence that ADCC and SCMC are mediated by separate receptors. Furthermore, they provide evidence that endogenous lectin receptors or lectin like molecules may be involved in the recognition and/or effector stages leading to SCMC. Thus, NK cells may recognize targets by virtue of receptors capable of interacting with monosaccharide, disaccharide, or oligosaccharide sequences present alone, as glycolipids, and/or as glycoproteins on the target cell surface. PMID- 7275183 TI - Antigen handling in antigen-induced joint inflammation: kinetics of a second intra-articularly injected dose of antigen in an already established antigen induced joint inflammation. AB - The fate of a second intra-articularly (i.a.) injected dose of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in an already established BSA-induced knee-joint inflammation was compared with that of a paired first arthritis-inducing injection of the same dose of BSA into the contralateral knee of immunized rabbits. External counting of i.a. radiolabelled BSA indicated more rapid initial elimination but approximately two-fold increase in long-term retention of BSA after a second i.a. injection as compared with a first one. Direct counting of dissected joint structures confirmed these data and localized the retained BSA predominantly in hyaline articular cartilage, menisci and ligaments, both after a first and after a second injection. Since the protocol used in these studies per se excluded systemic factors as possible determinants of the difference in antigen retention observed, local alterations in the already inflamed joint caused this difference. Control studies indicated that both humoral immune factors and non-specific inflammatory changes within the chronically inflamed joint determine the phenomenon. Local alterations in an immune-induced chronically-inflamed joint increase its antigen-binding capacity, a mechanism of possible relevance to the chronic course and the occurrence of exacerbations characteristic of some forms of human arthritis. PMID- 7275184 TI - The adjuvant activity of fatty acid esters. The role of acyl chain length and degree of saturation. AB - Water-in-oil emulsions of metabolizable fatty acid esters, with the non-toxic surfactant Pluronic L122 as emulsifying agent, potentiated the humoral response to bovine serum albumin and staphylococcal toxoid in the mouse. Adjuvant activity was increased by changing the chemical nature of the esters as follows: (i) using a series of ethyl esters, adjuvant activity appeared when the acyl chain length of the fatty acid component was 16 or greater; (ii) isobutyl and isopropyl esters of palmitic acid (C16:0) were superior to ethyl; (iii) the ethyl esters of oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids were better than stearic (C18:0). Since emulsions prepared with longer chain saturated esters are very viscous or solid at room temperature, and unsaturated esters are chemically reactive, emulsions were prepared with differing proportions of ethyl caprate (C10:0) and butyl stearate. At a ratio of 9:1 the emulsions possessed the low viscosity of ethyl caprate, but gained the adjuvant activity of butyl stearate. 125I-labelled BSA was retained in the footpad to a significantly greater extent than with a caprate emulsion, but reasons are given for believing that slow release of antigen is not the only mechanism of adjuvant activity. The ester emulsions caused more acute but less chronic local inflammation (footpad swelling) than Freund's incomplete adjuvant. PMID- 7275185 TI - Enhancement of monocyte complement component synthesis by antigen--antibody complexes. AB - Antigen--antibody complexes were found to enhance the synthesis of the complement components C2, C4, C3, C5, factor B, properdin, C3b inactivator and beta 1H by human monocytes in tissue culture. The synthesis of all components was increased by complexes in a dose-dependent fashion. Insoluble complexes formed at equivalence (antigen--antibody ratio 2:1) were more effective than complexes formed at eight times antigen excess (antigen--antibody ratio 16:1), two times antigen excess (antigen--antibody ratio 4:1) or four times antibody excess (antigen--antibody ratio 1:2). The latter three species of complexes each consist of a mixture of soluble and insoluble complexes. It was shown that total complexes (soluble and insoluble) were more potent than soluble complexes at stimulating complement component synthesis. Soluble complexes of different molecular sizes were prepared by gel-filtration chromatography; larger complexes enhance C2 synthesis to a greater extent than small complexes. The enhanced synthesis of the functionally active complement components by mononuclear phagocytes induced by antigen--antibody complexes probably facilitates the handling of complexes by promoting their solubilization and degradation. PMID- 7275186 TI - Studies on the possible involvement of complement component C3 in the initiation of acid hydrolase secretion by macrophages. I. Correlation between enzyme releasing and complement-activating capacities of several secretagogues. AB - A possible relationship between activation of the alternative pathway of complement and acid hydrolase secretion by macrophages has been investigated in vitro by examining the dose--response characteristics of several immunological and non-immunological stimuli of these two processes. Zymosan particles, insoluble immune complexes, methylamine and several other primary aliphatic monoamines were all found to elicit the selective release of lysosomal enzymes from macrophages by a process that correlated well with the ability of these agents to bring about consumption of haemolytically-active components of the alternative complement pathway. By contrast, substances which failed to activate the alternative complement pathway, i.e. soluble aggregated immunoglobulin and several primary aliphatic diamines, were found to be likewise incapable of inducing the selective release of lysosomal glycosidases from macrophages. These observations are interpreted as further evidence for imputing a role for complement C3 in the initiation of lysosomal enzyme release from macrophages. PMID- 7275187 TI - Adjuvant and suppressive effects of Grass Conjuvac and other alginate conjugates on IgG and IgE antibody responses in mice. AB - BALB/c mice were immunized with grass pollen extract (GPE), GPE conjugated to sodium alginate (Conjuvac) or GPE absorbed to aluminium hydroxide gel (alum). Conjuvac was a more potent immunogen than the other two preparations of GPE when anti-GPE IgG antibody levels were compared. In contrast, the highest IgE antibody titres in the Conjuvac treated mice, were some sixteen-fold lower than the highest titres in the mice immunized with GPE in alum. The suppressive effects of Conjuvac on IgE antibody titres were also studied. Mice were immunized with 1 microgram dinitrophenyl (DNP)-GPE in alum and the anti-DNP and anti-GPE IgE antibody titres determined. After 4 and 5 weeks, the mice were injected with GPE or Conjuvac. The Conjuvac and the GPE failed to reduce the ongoing primary anti GPE IgE responses but both suppressed the secondary responses by up to eight fold. The suppression was not dose-related however. The ongoing primary and secondary anti-DNP IgE titres were suppressed in a dose-related manner by up to sixty-four fold by Conjuvac but GPE treatment was much less suppressive. We went on to investigate the suppressive properties of DNR-alginate (DNP-alg) conjugates. In these experiments mice were immunized with 1 microgram DNP ovalbumin (DNP-OA) mixed with alum. After 4 and 5 weeks, the mice were injected with a dose of 6--600 micrograms DNP-alg with an average hapten density of 2 or 10 per alginate molecule. After a further 8 weeks a second injection of 1 microgram DNP-OA was given. All dose levels of both DNP-alg conjugates suppressed the continuing primary as well as the secondary anti-DNP IgE responses. It is concluded that alginate has properties similar to those of known T-cell adjuvants and that Conjuvac may prove useful in the immunotherapy of atopic allergy. PMID- 7275188 TI - Opposing changes in electrokinetic potential of spleen cells induced by factors from different tumour supernatants. AB - Tumour supernatants were tested on normal spleen cells electrophoretic mobility. In the case of two tumours, characterized by a fast growth rate (RV2 and VFM1), supernatants produced an increase in the mean electrophoretic mobility. For the two other tumours, characterized by a slow growth rate (VMM2 and VMM1), supernatants produced a decrease in the mean electrophoretic mobility. Electrophoretic mobility analysis of mouse spleen cells showed that after treatment with RV2 tumour supernatant, the percentage of 'slow' cells decreased by about 20%. VMM2 supernatant produced an increase in 'slow' cells of about 20%. The effect of dialysed supernatants (with mol. wt cutoff 12,000) was different. VMM2 and VMM1 dialysed supernatants modify spleen cells mobility as VMM2 and VMM1 undialysed supernatants. RV2 and VFM1 dialysed supernatants induced a significant slowing in the mobility in regard to RV2 and VFM1 undialysed supernatants. RV2 and VMM2 tumour supernatants were fractionated into four fractions on Sephacryl S 300. Fraction II (mol. wt of about 400,000) from VMM2 supernatant was found to reduce significantly the spleen cells' mobility. In contrast, fraction IV (mol. wt less than 12,000) from RV2 supernatant increases significantly the mobility, and fraction IV (mol. wt less than 12,000) from VMM2 supernatant reduced the mobility significantly. These different charge changes in spleen cells after contact with supernatants from slow and fast growth rate tumours might influence the contact between tumour and lymphocytes. PMID- 7275190 TI - Mammary morphogenesis in prenatally modified breast tissue of genetic males. PMID- 7275189 TI - The antibody-independent cytotoxic activity of normal circulating human leucocytes. I. Lysis of target cells by monocytes and neutrophils in a non phagocytic pathway. AB - Normally circulating human leucocytes were found to consistently lyse rabbit erythrocyte (RRBC) target cells within 24 hr in culture. The reaction is referred to as the naturally-occurring cell-mediated cytotoxic, or NOCC, reaction. Characteristics of this cytotoxic reaction are as follows. (i) The cytotoxic reaction described here can be distinguished from the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic (ADCC) reaction as conventional Fc receptors do not appear to play a role. Although the cytotoxic reaction occurs optimally in medium fortified with normal human serum to a final concentration of 1%, neither antibodies nor immunoglobulins in general appear to play a role. Agamma human serum or purified human serum albumin without detectable immunoglobulins are as capable of facilitating and sustaining the NOCC cytotoxic reaction as is normal human serum. Furthermore, foetal calf serum, which promotes the ADCC cytotoxic reaction, inhibits the NOCC cytotoxic reaction. (ii) The NOCC reaction is not a phagocytic one as phagocytosis of the RRBC could not be detected during the culture period. (iii) Monocytes and neutrophils, but not lymphocytes, are capable of lysing the target cells in the NOCC reaction. The effector mononuclear cell is a monocyte with receptors for Fc and C'3. (iv) The NOCC cytotoxic reaction is dependent upon direct effector cell--target cell contact and not upon soluble mediators secreted by the effector cells since third-party bystander erythrocytes are not lysed in the presence of rabbit erythrocyte target cells and human mononuclear cells. Supernatants from lysed RRBC target cells could not lyse fresh RRBC. It is concluded that the NOCC cytotoxic reaction utilizing rabbit erythrocytes as target cells permits the identification of cytotoxic subclasses of monocytes and neutrophils. PMID- 7275191 TI - Mode of action of GCE: an active anticancer principle isolated from an indigenous plant Gymnosporia rothiana Laws. PMID- 7275192 TI - A study of central cholinergic mechanism in jaw closure reflex. PMID- 7275194 TI - Nonspecific binding of levamisole with proteins of the cuticle-hypodermis-muscle system of adult female Ascaridia galli. PMID- 7275193 TI - Ringer's lactate & homologous blood transfusion in experimental haemorrhagic shock in buffalo calves (bubalus bubalis). PMID- 7275195 TI - Role of testosterone on mitomycin C induced changes in testicular histology in rats. PMID- 7275196 TI - Binding of natural & semi-synthetic penicillins to plasma & serum proteins. PMID- 7275197 TI - Chemical protection of mouse intestine against gamma rays with 2 mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG). PMID- 7275199 TI - Daily rhythms in levels of blood glucose & hepatopancreatic glycogen in the fresh water field crab Oziotelphusa senex senex (Fabricius). PMID- 7275198 TI - Effect of glucose on behavioural & biochemical changes in brain of rats exposed to heat stress. PMID- 7275200 TI - Influence of parity status of female mice on growth of a transplantable chemically induced fibrosarcoma. PMID- 7275201 TI - Role of thyroxine & gonadotropins on the mobilization of ovarian cholesterol in a teleost Anabas testudineus (Bloch). PMID- 7275202 TI - Experimental studies with a thread containing mefenamic acid introduced into the rat uterus. PMID- 7275203 TI - Contraceptive efficacy of microdose norethisterone enanthate: a study on its use in polydimethylsiloxane implants. PMID- 7275204 TI - Influence of castration, testosterone propionate, androstenedione & estradiol-17 beta on LDH & its isoenzymes of vas deferens. PMID- 7275205 TI - Effect of prolactin on the tissue glycogen, & lipid, content in the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). PMID- 7275206 TI - Trace elements in animal feed & animal tissues: a correlation study by neutron activation method. PMID- 7275207 TI - Effect of CdCl2 on testicular lactate dehydrogenase of a non-scrotal bat Rhinopoma kinneari Wroughton. PMID- 7275209 TI - Effect of temperature on some renal & posterior pituitary functions of rats. PMID- 7275208 TI - A comparative study of acid-base components in venous & capillary blood. PMID- 7275210 TI - Behaviour of lentogenic New Castle disease virus (F strain) in chicken cell culture. PMID- 7275211 TI - Changes in chemical composition of intestinal brush border membrane in alloxan induced chronic diabetes. PMID- 7275213 TI - Effect of acute ethylene glycol toxicity on blood ammonia & brain amino acids in male albino rats. PMID- 7275214 TI - Coronary occlusion in the dog & pig: its effect on fibrinolysis & coagulation. PMID- 7275212 TI - Action of anti-allergic agent pheniramine maleate on mammalian somatic & meiotic chromosomes. PMID- 7275216 TI - Effect of naloxone pretreatment on morphine induced analgesic tolerance & sensitivity changes during chronic treatment in mice. PMID- 7275217 TI - Positive inotropic responses to furosemide on isolated frog heart. PMID- 7275218 TI - Effect of sublethal concentrations of mercury in a teleost Puntius conchonius: biochemical & haematological responses. PMID- 7275219 TI - Effect of acetaldehyde on lung surfactant. PMID- 7275215 TI - Nutrition & urolithiasis: Part I-intestinal absorption of oxalate in vitamin B6 deficient rats. PMID- 7275220 TI - Effect of hypothermia on serum cholesterol & protein bound iodine in dogs. PMID- 7275221 TI - Antifungal action of hydroxyl- & methyl-substituents to a benzene ring. PMID- 7275222 TI - Some events in cardiac cycle of the Indian bullfrog Rana tigerina (Daud). PMID- 7275223 TI - Unexpected H-2 antigen expression by mouse tumor cells, a cautionary note. PMID- 7275224 TI - Linkage of a gene controlling urinary pepsinogen with the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse. PMID- 7275227 TI - Preliminary evaluation of a rapid sensitivity testing method for common Gram negative enteric bacilli. PMID- 7275226 TI - Newcastle disease virus antibodies in human sera. PMID- 7275228 TI - Metabolism of lipids in Epidermophyton floccosum. PMID- 7275225 TI - Influence of H-2-linked genes on glucocorticoid receptors in the fetal mouse palate. AB - The binding of 3H-dexamethasone to cytosolic receptors in fetal jaws and in cytosols and nuclei of primary cell cultures of fetal palates was studied in various congenic strains of mice. The amount of specific binding was greater in palatal tissues from B10.A and B10.A(2R) mice than in B10 or B10.A(5R) preparations. These differences were not observed in the liver. Since the strains with higher levels of glucocorticoid receptor are known to be more susceptible to cortisone-induced cleft palate than the strains with low receptor levels, it is suggested that quantitative variation in receptor levels may be involved in determining H-2-linked differences in cleft-palate susceptibility. Whether or not this is the case, it appears that an H-2-linked gene affects the quantity of a cytosolic glucocorticoid-binding protein which translocates to the nucleus. PMID- 7275229 TI - Role of intra-amniotic instillation of betamethasone in prolonged pregnancy. PMID- 7275230 TI - Role of H-Y antigen in gonadal differentiation. PMID- 7275231 TI - Effects of long term feeding of chromate treated parboiled rice in rats. PMID- 7275232 TI - Lipids and bile salt stimulated lipase in human milk of Indian mothers. PMID- 7275233 TI - Integrated child development services in India: objectives, organization and baseline survey of the project population. PMID- 7275234 TI - Integrated child development service in India: evaluation of the delivery of nutrition and health services and the effect on the nutritional status of the children. PMID- 7275235 TI - The role of excess hepatic copper in the evolution of Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 7275236 TI - Cell-mediated and humoral antibody responses to virally induced tumours. PMID- 7275237 TI - Immunoelectrophoretic studies of cerebrospinal fluid in pyogenic and tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 7275238 TI - Incidence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in a hospital population of Delhi. PMID- 7275239 TI - Histological and biochemical assessment of severity of renal amyloidosis. PMID- 7275240 TI - Lowering of maximum urethral closure pressure by phentolamine and by terbutaline. PMID- 7275243 TI - Study of human heart rate during voluntarily controlled deep inspirations and deep expirations performed at varying rates. PMID- 7275241 TI - Anti-stress activity of Ocimum sanctum Linn. PMID- 7275244 TI - Effects of hyperthermic temperatures on monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex responses. PMID- 7275242 TI - Evaluation of attenuation characteristics of Indian ear protectors. PMID- 7275245 TI - Bilateral asymmetry in H-reflex latency in the human lower limbs. PMID- 7275246 TI - Ergothioneine content in normal and senile human cataractous lenses. PMID- 7275247 TI - Recommendations for research on acute respiratory disease (ARD) in India. Based on the report of the I.C.M.R. Task Force on Communicable Diseases (Sept, 1979). PMID- 7275248 TI - Treatment of empyema thoracis with intercostal tube drainage. PMID- 7275249 TI - Congenital choanal atresia in infants and children. PMID- 7275251 TI - Pulmonary immune response in health and disease. PMID- 7275250 TI - Tubercular osteomyelitis of skull. PMID- 7275252 TI - Appropriate strategy for childhood immunization in India. II-The need and purpose of an authoritative immunization schedule. PMID- 7275253 TI - Use of nasal filters in naso-bronchial allergy. PMID- 7275254 TI - Diagnostic procedures in respiratory disorders. PMID- 7275255 TI - Spectrum of respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn in North India: a prospective study. PMID- 7275256 TI - Serum cholinesterase activity in malnutrition and other childhood disorders. PMID- 7275257 TI - A study of physical growth in breast-fed and bottle-fed male infants. PMID- 7275258 TI - Pulmonary fibrosis in children. PMID- 7275260 TI - The glucose tolerance of the West African dwarf goats. AB - Glucose tolerance tests conducted on 4 adult goats and 3 kids, injecting glucose intravenously (0.5 g/kg body weight), showed that the former required 180 min and the latter 45 min after injection, to restore blood glucose to normal. For the adult goats, the turnover rate (K) was 0.38 +/- 0.03/hr, turnover time (TT) 2.64 +/- 0.18 hr and half-time (T 1/2) 110.24 +/- 7.73 min for glucose clearance while for the kids, these were 1.59 +/- 0.12/hr, 0.64 +/- 0.04 hr and 26.05 +/- 4.36 min respectively. The higher glucose clearance in the kids than in the adults may be attributed to a more efficient insulin response and to greater glucose utilization than in the former. The dwarf goats appear to differ substantially from the cows in their homeostatic responses to induced hyperglycemia. PMID- 7275259 TI - Pharmacological studies of certain amides of substituted ethylenediamines - I. AB - Five substituted amides of ethylenediamines produced hypotension in dogs, which was not blocked by atropine, mepyramine and propranolol. The amides potentiated the pressor responses to Adr and NA and antagonised the depressor responses to Ach and histamine. The compounds also antagonised Ach-induced contractions on the frog rectus abdominis muscle and of carbachol on rat isolated colon suggesting d tc and atropine-like actions respectively. Antihistaminic activity was observed on guinea pig isolated ileum as on dog blood pressure. Adr and NA-induced relaxation of rabbit isolated jejunum was potentiated. Finally Adr and NA-induced contractions of rat isolated seminal vesicle was antagonised. PMID- 7275261 TI - Axillary temperature in relation to oral temperature in a group of children in Sri Lanka. AB - The relationship between the oral temperature (OT) and the axillary temperature (AT) is not clearly established. The measurement of the OT could be an unhygienic procedure. Therefore, a study was done to determine the nature of relationship between OT and AT and whether AT could be used in place of OT. The OT and AT were measured in a group of children with OT's ranging from 97 degrees F (36 degrees C) to 105 degrees F (40.5 degrees C). The average difference of OT minus AT was statistically determined to be 0.3 degrees F (0.15 degrees C) throughout the range of temperatures tested. The correlation (r) between OT and AT was 0.99 (p less than 0.001). The AT is recommended as a reliable measure to be used in routine assessment of body temperature. PMID- 7275266 TI - Platelet count in permanent residents of high altitude. AB - Platelet count in 51 highlanders was studied at high altitude. A group of 48 age and sex matched lowlanders were studied at Sea level and then serially on exposure to 3658m for ten days for comparison. Highlanders had a significantly high platelet count. The results are reported and findings discussed. PMID- 7275265 TI - Pulmonary functions in healthy adults--17-25 years old of Tirupati. AB - Pulmonary function tests (ERV, IC, VC, MVV FEV1% and MEFR) were studied on one hundred and sixty six subjects of either sex, age group ranging from 17 years to 25 years. ERV, IC, VC, MVV and MEFR values were found to be significantly higher in males than in females, whereas mean values of FEV1 were higher in females when compared to males, but the difference was not significant. In males, vital capacity with weight index could not be correlated. PMID- 7275264 TI - Electrocardiographic changes on sublethal poisoning of Vacor and Silmurin to Bandicota bengalensis. AB - A single sublethal dose of Vacor (1 mg/rat) or Silmurin (50 microgram/rat) brought about dissimilar changes in cardiac physiology of bandicoot rats. Delayed myocardial repolarization and stress on cardiac tissues were noticed. Elevation of S-T segment above the isoelectric axis diagnostic of recent myocardial infarction was observed. Vacor and Silmurin induced differential changes in heartbeat; Vacor poisoning resulted in bradycardia, whereas Silmurin tachycardia. It is inferred that Vacor deaths may be due to bradycardia associated with atrioventricular block and that of Silmurin to delayed myocardial repolarization and tachycardia. PMID- 7275263 TI - Nitrogen and sulphur elimination in 24 hours urine by elderly Indians. AB - Urinary output of N2-urea, creatinine, uric acid, ammonia and organic and inorganic SO3 were repeatedly examined in healthy vegetarian subjects in Bombay- 35 elderly and 2 young. Their routine diet examined for a week indicated an average intake of 56 g proteins (15 g animal) and excretion of about 8 g N2, 0.75 g of SO3 both in young and old subjects. These are much lower than figures reported for Europeans taking protein rich diets. Two elderly subjects supplemented their protein intake to 95 g/day (50 g animal) for 3 weeks. A progressive rise in the outputs of N2 and SO3 with increasing protein intakes was seen. SO3 estimation like that of N2 (urea) is indicative of the protein consumption of a person, but the estimations of urea output per day being easier are to be preferred. PMID- 7275262 TI - Pattern of skeletal muscle chemical composition during in vivo electrical stimulations. AB - Electrical stimulations of low voltage, frequency and short duration of time are suitable for amphibian muscle to induce localized muscular exercise in an intact animal. The pattern of changes in the muscle chemical components on chronic exposure to repeated electrical stimulations suggested the onset of regulation on muscle metabolism leading to carbohydrate sparing process and muscular hypertrophy. The applicability of this procedure to prevent the muscle wasting in atrophic and dystrophic muscles is suggested. PMID- 7275268 TI - Effect of indomethacin on fertility in male rats. PMID- 7275267 TI - A comparison of ventilatory pulmonary functions between the National Cadet Corps (N.C.C.) of hilly and plain areas. AB - National Cadet Corps (N.C.C.) were tested for assessing their physical efficiency level with special reference to respiratory performances. The height and weight of the cadets from hilly and plain areas were noted to be similar indicating alike attainment of growth. The mean values of all pulmonary function tests (FVC, IC, ERV+TV, FEV1, MEFR) except MVV were observed to be similar in both the group of subjects. The mean value of MVV was significantly higher in subjects from hilly area than that in those from plain area. PMID- 7275269 TI - Clonidine and hypothermia. PMID- 7275270 TI - Monoamine oxidase concentration in median eminence, pituitary and uterus of rat after estrogen and centchroman treatment. AB - Estradiol dipropionate (0.005 mg/kg) increased the monoamine oxidase levels in pituitary, median eminence and uterus of ovariectomized rats. Centchroman (3,4 trans-2, 2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-4-p-(-pyrrolidinethoxy)-phenyl-7 methoxy chroman, 1.25 mg/kg) decreased the enzyme levels in pituitary and median eminence but not in uterus. Centchroman, given to estradiol treated groups could not bring down the enhanced levels of the enzyme in the uterus. PMID- 7275272 TI - Mean expiratory flow volume curve. PMID- 7275274 TI - Frusemide suppressing audiogenic seizure. PMID- 7275271 TI - Vector disc. PMID- 7275273 TI - Drinking water as a source of dietary calcium. PMID- 7275275 TI - Binding of immunoglobulin- and complement-coated erythrocytes to human neutrophil subpopulations. AB - Human neutrophils are separable into two populations on the basis of the presence or absence of Fc receptors as detected by rosette assays with IgG antibody sensitized human erythrocytes. In the present report it was shown that IgG sensitized sheep erythrocytes could detect some Fc receptor activity on those cells which are Fc receptor-negative with the human cell assay. There was clearly a difference between Fc receptor expressed on the positive and negative cells. Neutrophils with "high" and "low" density Fc receptor activity were studied for a range of membrane receptors for complement fragments including, C4b, C3b, C3d, and C3bi. No difference was found between the two populations of cells in their expression of complement receptors. Moreover, neither population expressed receptors for C3d, suggesting that neither population was a high proportion of immature neutrophils. PMID- 7275276 TI - Pulmonary polyamine permeability factor. AB - Acid extracts of calf lung have been found to contain low-molecular-weight factors which increase the permeability of the microcirculation when injected into the skin of rats. These factors, which were present in very low levels in aqueous extracts, were purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. High-voltage paper electrophoresis revealed two active compounds with mobilities identical to the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Authentic samples of these compounds were as active in the "blueing" reaction as the isolated compounds. The permeability activity of both the isolated factors and the synthetic ones was inhibited by pepstatin and by pretreatment of the animals with pyrilamine maleate. If the normally low extracellular levels of these polyamines is increased by tissue damage, they could increase vascular permeability within the lung by releasing histamine from adjacent mast cells. PMID- 7275277 TI - Activation of the alternative pathway of complement in human serum by Propionibacterium acnes (Corynebacterium parvum) cell fractions. AB - Activation of the alternative pathway of complement is known to be initiated by bacterial structures. We have fractionated Propionibacterium acnes cells, purified various cell fractions, and tested their complement-activating ability in human serum chelated with ethyleneglycol bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N1 tetraacetic acid. The majority of complement-activating activity was localized in the wall fraction. This activity was resistant to lipid extraction, protease, RNAse, DNAse and lysozyme treatment. NaIO4, formamide, and hot (but not cold) trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extraction ablated the complement-activating capacity of cell walls. Compounds removed by extraction failed to consume significant hemolytic activity against antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes (EA). Addition of TCA-extracted soluble material to cell wall suspensions resulted in an inhibition of hemolytic consumption by the cell wall. These results indicate that, in P. acnes, complement-activating molecules are located in the cell wall and are carbohydrate in nature. Peptidoglycan, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid do not appear to contribute to the cell wall's ability to activate complement. PMID- 7275279 TI - [Platelet function and coagulation factors before and after the passage of microaggregate filters]. AB - Citrated blood was investigated directly after blood sampling and 1 and 4 days after incubation at 4 degrees C before and after passage of a microaggregate filter (MF 10, Biotest). During the 4 days of incubation the platelet number was reduced from a mean of 200 000/microliter to a mean of 140 000/microliter. After the filter passage the platelet count was reduced in the freshly prepared blood samples by 10% and in the 4-days-old samples by 20%. Filter passage induced only a slight stimulation of platelets (sphering and pseudopode formation) in freshly prepared citrated blood. Aggregate formulation in the samples was small but increased continuously during the 4 days of incubation. In the 4-days-old samples the medium-sized aggregates consisting of 4-12 platelets were reduced while the number of small aggregates consisting of 2-3 single platelets increased after filter passage. Platelet aggregation was not changed by the filter passage but was continuously reduced during the storage time. The filter passage did not change the thromboplastin time, factor VIII values, fibrinogen, thrombin time and the thrombin coagulase time. The partial thromboplastin time values did not differ before and after filter passage in the freshly prepared and 1-day-old samples but were slightly shortened in the samples stored for 4 days with a large variation of the single values. The minimal platelet-stimulating effect, which could be demonstrated in freshly prepared blood samples only is reversible and corresponds to that observed if blood is drawn through a PVC catheter at blood sampling. In so far the microaggregate filter MF 10 had no thrombogenetic effect. PMID- 7275278 TI - Demonstration of calcium-dependent chemotactic factor activatable esterase activity in human neutrophils: relationship with chemotaxis and chemotactic deactivation. AB - An increase in esterolytic activity, as measured by [3H] BAEE hydrolysis, was demonstrated in human neutrophil suspensions following incubation with three distinct chemotactic factors. The increased activity was demonstrated in intact cells as well as in cell lysates. The FMLP-enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of BAEE was found to be calcium dependent. Esterase activation by FMLP was maximal at 1.0 mM of added calcium. Similar dose-response curves for esterase activation, chemotaxis, and chemotactic deactivation were obtained with the chemotactic factor FMLP, suggesting that in human neutrophils all three functions utilize some of the same early molecular events following chemotactic factor binding to th neutrophil surface. PMID- 7275282 TI - Horner's syndrome: a complication of internal jugular vein cannulation. AB - Percutaneous internal jugular vein cannulation has become an accepted method for placement of central venous catheters. A variety of complications connected with this procedure have been noted, but direct injury to the sympathetic trunk causing Horner's syndrome is extremely rare. A description of repeated attempts of percutaneous cannulation of the right internal jugular vein which led to the occurrence of Horner's syndrome is given. PMID- 7275280 TI - [The question of "lactate alkalosis": animal experiments and a case report]. AB - The intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate causes an alkalosis and an increase of lactate concentration in excess of 10 mmol/l in the experimental animal. The causal relation of alkalosis and lactic acidemia is also found in patients. A case of a therapy resistant alkalosis is demonstrated where a blood pH of 7.5 to 7.6 was correlated to a blood lactate concentration of 5 to 10 mmol/l. The normalisation of alkalosis was accompanied by a normalisation of lactate concentration to values of 1 to 2 mmol/l. The causal relation of alkalosis and increased blood lactate concentration seems to be obvious. We conclude that alkalosis is counteracted by a metabolic compensation due to the non volatile and lactic acid. Hyperlacticacidemia, therefore, is not identical with acidosis. PMID- 7275283 TI - [I.V. preparations in practice: a study]. AB - In 10 hospitals a study was made about the practice of preparing i.v. admixtures. The results are presented and discussed. Improvements in drug safety are possible in closer cooperation with pharmaceutical staff. PMID- 7275281 TI - [Significance of postoperative substitution of plasma proteins]. AB - In the course of a pilot study 30 patients, who had to undergo extensive urological-abdominal surgery, were randomized and divided into two groups. One group received 500 ml of the stored serum Biseko on the day of operation as well as on the first postoperative day, the other group was given a placebo. The two groups were compared with regard to their complications rates (wound healing disturbance, respiratory disturbance on account of septicemia). It turned out, that there occurred clearly less complications in the group treated with Biseko than in the control group. PMID- 7275284 TI - [The amino acid picture--studies on stored blood]. AB - In 6 blood units with increased duration of storage alterations of amino acid levels were measured. Total amino acid concentration rises to 27%, while the amount of essential amino acids increases to 11% The E/T-quotient decreases slightly; so does the quotient of essential to non essential amino acids. The changes of concentrations of amino acids in stored whole blood can deteriorate the metabolic situation of patients with disorders of liver or kidney function. These patients as well as intensive care patients, in whom insufficiency of liver and kidney often is seen, should get transfusions of packed cells instead of whole blood. PMID- 7275285 TI - [Flow measurement in blood filters]. AB - Flow rates of compatible mixed packed red cells passing through a 170 micrometers standard blood filter or one of three microfilters with different pore sizes were measured. In spite of the largest pore size of 170 micrometers, the standardfilter shows the slowest flow. The cascade filter "MF 10" with sieves of 200, 50, 20, ad 10 micrometers pore sizes has excellent flow rates due to its large surface area. The "microtrans" with cascades of 150, 50, 10 micrometers pore sizes, good filter properties, low filling volume, and reasonable flow rates seems to be an acceptable microfilter for routine clinical use. If the tube of the infusion system is cut off, then the blood flow increases its speed by about fivefold in spite of different filters. PMID- 7275286 TI - [A simple safe system for intra-arterial infusion by pressure-constant cuff compression of the infusion bag with the help of a reducing valve]. AB - We describe a simple and cheap system of intraarterial infusion. It consists exclusively of single parts which are available on the market. A source of pressure is connected with a modified pressure-reduction valve which produces a constant pressure in an attached pressure cuff, respectively in an enclosed infusion-bag, so that a constant flow rate of the infusion is maintained. First clinical experiences with more than hundred angiological patients have shown that this new system has many advantages. In our routine work we had neither functional disturbances nor other complications. PMID- 7275288 TI - A test to help diagnosis of rupture in the injured duodenum. PMID- 7275289 TI - The treatment of femoral shaft fractures by closed Kuntscher nailing (without reaming). AB - Closed medullary nailing for fracture of the femoral shaft was carried out in 101 cases. The operation was performed with the patient in the supine position and without reaming the medullary canal, using the conventional instruments and rigid guide pins. The diameter of the medullary canal was gauged from standard radiographs taken at 1 m tobe-to-film distance. To secure alignment and reduction of the fracture, heavy traction before and during the operation was necessary. The traction applied on a fracture table against the restraining perineal bar caused trauma to the perineal structures in 7 cases. There was no case of deep infection. The fixation of the fracture was by no means rigid but was adequate for early walking and partial weight bearing. When nails with diameters of less than 9 mm were used, a number of complications occurred. These included angulation, rotational instability at the fracture site, fracture of the nail and non-union. Union occurred within 3 months in all except 2 cases. Nearly 60 per cent of the patients were in hospital for less than 2 weeks. Closed medullary nailing of the femur is preferable to the open method, which carries a much higher risk of infection. PMID- 7275287 TI - Arterial injuries associated with fractures of the lower limbs in childhood. AB - Three children with arterial injuries associated with fractures of the lower limb were treated by vascular reconstruction. Initial damage was more extensive than was macroscopically apparent and rethrombosis immediately followed thrombectomy or resection of a short segment of artery. When the extent of adventitial damage was used as a guide to the length of artery to be resected, permanent restoration of the circulation was achieved. Decompression of the four fascial compartments of the leg was performed in each child. Decompression through the fibular periosteum, leaving the fibula intact, gave a better cosmetic result than methods requiring multiple skin incisions. In each child the circulation was restored within six hours. Normal limb function and growth was achieved in two children and the residual abnormalities in the third child were the result of direct injury to muscle and growth plate. PMID- 7275290 TI - Fracture of the shaft of ulna and radius with associated dislocation of the radial head. AB - Fourteen cases of fracture of the shaft of ulna and radius with associated dislocation of the radial head in adults are presented. The dislocation was initially missed in 42 per cent of cases. Several closed and open therapeutic procedures were performed either for the dislocation or the shaft fractures. In these patients, with follow-up averaging 5.9 years, the incidence of complications (redislocation, mal-union, pseudarthrosis, radio-ulnar synostosis, peri-articular ossification) was noteworthy. Final evaluation according to the range of motion of the forearm, showed a high incidence of unsatisfactory results. Predisposing to these results were delayed reduction of the dislocation, repeated and forceful manipulation and manual pressure on the radial head, inadequate reduction or stabilization of the fractures and a long period in the plaster cast. Guide lines for early diagnosis and efficient treatment are suggested. PMID- 7275291 TI - Mallet finger and fractures. AB - Mallet finger is often associated with a dorsal fracture of the base of the terminal phalanx. This is sometimes referred to as a mallet finger fracture but such a term is unwise because it may be applied to all fractures in this position. The purpose of this paper is to justify this warning and to distinguish between such fractures with and without mallet finger. However treated, mallet finger, with or without fracture, often leads to persistent loss of some active extension of the finger. In 11 cases of fracture without mallet finger in which there was no subluxation, full function was regained by comfortable support and early activity; operation was not required. In 2 cases with subluxation, the joint became stiff and open fixation may lead to a better result. PMID- 7275292 TI - Rupture of the diaphragm in blunt injuries of the trunk. AB - Eighteen cases of rupture of the diaphragm caused by blunt trauma of the trunk were seen over a ten-year period. Nine patients died, all from associated injuries of two or more systems. The ruptured diaphragm did not seem to contribute significantly to the cause of death. An acceptable rate of diagnosis was achieved by simple methods and a moderate delay in diagnosis did not affect the outcome. PMID- 7275293 TI - Bilateral arterial injury in the lower limbs associated with open pelvic fractures: a case report. AB - The complications of pelvic fracture include blood loss, urinary tract injury, nerve injury and orthopaedic disability. Bleeding is quoted as the cause of death in 65 per cent of patients dying with a fractured pelvis (Rothenberger et al., 1978a). In a fifth of these patients disruption of the iliac or femoral vessels is the major source of bleeding. However, the incidence of major vessel injury in pelvic fractures is only 1 per cent. Arterial injury in both lower limbs is reported here, in association with an open fracture of the pelvis. PMID- 7275295 TI - Axillary artery injuries: importance of early recognition. PMID- 7275294 TI - Traumatic posterior dislocation of hip joint with a fracture of the head and neck of the femur on the same side: a case report. PMID- 7275296 TI - Impalement injury by a tree branch from rectum to right nipple. PMID- 7275297 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma following gunshot wounds: a rare late complication. PMID- 7275298 TI - Dislocation of the intermediate cuneiform bone. PMID- 7275300 TI - The hospital experience of seat belt legislation in the county of Skaraborg, Sweden. AB - The effect of legislation for the compulsory wearing of seat belts by car drivers and front seat passengers was prospectively analysed in the county of Skaraborg, Sweden. After legislation fewer vehicle occupants were admitted to the hospitals, depsite a 40 per cent increase in crashes reported to insurance companies in the country. The frequency of seat belt wearing among injured victims was considerably lower than that recorded in regular traffic surveys. Significantly fewer head and neck injuries were suffered by restrained drivers than by unrestrained. Restrained front seat passengers had more thoracic injuries than unrestrained, but the degree of severity was less. The frequency of seat belt wearing by rear seat passengers was low, but they were injured as severely as front seat occupants. It seems important to insist on an increase in seat belt wearing for this category. PMID- 7275299 TI - Epiphyseal plate injuries in the hand. PMID- 7275301 TI - Long handled 130 degrees guide wire introducer for hip fractures using the standard 130 degrees blade plate. PMID- 7275302 TI - The use of methyl methacrylate cement in the prevention of migration of Ender's nails. PMID- 7275303 TI - Hip replacement following fracture of the femoral neck. PMID- 7275304 TI - Tears of triangular fibrocartilage. PMID- 7275305 TI - Pneumothorax of late onset after chest stabbing. PMID- 7275307 TI - Demonstration of a lipopolysaccharide-induced cytostatic effect on malarial parasites. AB - In an in vitro assay, malarial parasites (Plasmodium vinckei petteri) taken from mice 7 to 8 h after the injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) incorporated significantly less hypoxanthine into nucleic acid than did parasites from saline-treated controls. In contrast, incorporation was normal in parasites taken from mice within minutes of the injection of LPS and in parasites cultured with LPS. These results implied that the injection of LPS induced the release of mediators with a cytostatic effect on the parasite. This suggested an explanation for the protective action of LPS in malarial infections as well as for the "crisis forms" seen both in naturally resolving infections and in animals pretreated with such agents as BCG. PMID- 7275306 TI - Local cell-associated immunity in the Peyer's patches of mouse intestines. AB - After oral infection of mice with a Salmonella strain, low numbers of organisms could be found in the Peyer's patches of the small intestine. In the course of a few days the organism in the Peyer's patches multiplied to about 10(5) and then were steadily eliminated so that by 10 days, very few organisms could be found in the lymphoid follicles. Because no organisms could be found in the spleen or other organs during this period, it is probable that the decline in numbers was due to killing of the organisms in situ. This development of antibacterial ability was not inhibited by treatment with cyclophosphamide, in contrast to the rapid growth of organisms which occurred in the spleen after intravenous injection in the presence of cyclophosphamide. The difference in behavior between Peyer's patches and the spleen upon treatment with cyclophosphamide is explained in terms of the extent of natural priming of Peyer's patches due to continual contact of the intestine with gram-negative enteric organisms. Once the spleen was primed, cyclophosphamide did not interfere with the elimination of a second challenge with the same organism. PMID- 7275308 TI - Differences in resistance to Trypanosoma musculi infection among strains of inbred mice. AB - Inbred strains of mice were inoculated with Trypanosoma musculi, and the course of the ensuing parasitemia was followed. The mouse strains fell into three groups: those displaying high and moderate (fivefold less) parasitemia and C57BL/6 (B/6) mice which had exceptionally low infections. To gain insight concerning the mechanisms responsible for interstrain variations in infections, several types of experiments were performed. Comparison of the ability of spleen cells from the various strains to provide the growth-promoting substances required by T. musculi for growth in culture revealed that B/6 cells were deficient; this suggested one mechanism for regulating parasite infections. Exposure of C3H (high parasitemia) and B/6 mice to graded levels of ionizing radiation revealed that B/6 mice have much greater innate resistance to infection than do C3H mice. The effects of treating mice with silica dust or mercaptoethanol indicated that relative resistance to infection is not primarily associated with macrophage activity or limited growth-promoting substances. We conclude that variations in immune responsiveness to parasite antigens (probably not associated with the H-2 complex), possibly in concert with variations in a non-immunological mechanism, account for interstrain variation in resistance to T. musculi infections. PMID- 7275309 TI - Comparative virulence of Absidia corymbifera strains in mice. AB - The comparative virulence of six different strains of Absidia corymbifera for cortisone-treated and untreated Swiss mice was determined. Spores of the six strains were inoculated into mice by the intravenous, intraperitoneal, and intranasal routes. All six strains were found to be virulent in cortisone-treated and untreated mice by the intravenous route. Up to a 16-fold difference in strain virulence was observed for cortisone-treated mice and up to a 10-fold difference for untreated mice. When spores were administered by the intraperitoneal route, 50% lethal dose values could be calculated only for the cortisone-treated mice, although a few deaths were seen in untreated mice challenged with 10(7) spores. Each of the six isolates of A. corymbifera, when administered in an intranasal dosage of 10(6) spores, produced death in some cortisone-treated mice. Studies made to determine the viability of spores produced by each strain revealed that germination was 90% or greater on Littman and YpSs agars at an incubation temperature of 40 degrees C in less than 12 h. PMID- 7275311 TI - Effects of in vivo dexamethasone administration on in vitro bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function was evaluated in vitro after in vivo administration of a single dose of dexamethasone to cattle. Purified polymorphonuclear leukocytes from dexamethasone-treated cattle displayed enhanced random migration under agarose but impaired ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction, chemiluminescence, iodination, and antibody dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The depression of iodination may have been related to a drop in the proportion of eosinophils present in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte preparations after dexamethasone administration. PMID- 7275312 TI - Role of interbacterial adherence in colonization of the oral cavities of gnotobiotic rats infected with Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella alcalescens. AB - The role of interbacterial adherence in the colonization of the rate oral cavity was investigated with aggregating and nonaggregating strains of Veillonella alcalescens and Streptococcus mutans. V. alcalescens V-1 and S. mutans M-7 rapidly formed large stable aggregates when mixed in vitro. Aggregates could be reduced in size by sonication, but they could not be completely dispersed, indicating that bonding between the organisms was strong. V. alcalescens V-1 did not coaggregate with S. mutans C67-1, and V. alcalescens OMZ193 did not coaggregate with either S. mutans strain C67-1 or M-7. Osborne-Mendel rats monoassociated with either S. mutans C67-1 or M-7 were inoculated with veillonellae, molar teeth were removed at 2 h and at 14 days, and the number of veillonellae was determined. At 2 h post-inoculation there were 600 times as many colony-forming units of V. alcalescens V-1 adherent to the teeth of animals monoassociated with S. mutans M-7 when compared with animals monoassociated with the nonaggregating S. mutans C67-1. The number of colony-forming units of V. alcalescens V-1 was 1,000 times greater than the number of nonaggregating V. alcalescens OMZ193 in S. mutans M-7-infected animals. Similar results were obtained when teeth were samples 14 days after inoculation. Veillonellae inoculated into the mouths of germfree animals rapidly disappeared from tooth surfaces. PMID- 7275313 TI - Autorosette formation of erythrocytes on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in dogs vaccinated with canine distemper live-virus vaccine. AB - A time course study of the peripheral blood leukocytes of dogs vaccinated with canine distemper live virus (a paramyxovirus) vaccines showed that autorosette forming leukocytes appeared from day 3 to day 10 after vaccination. The number of these cells peaked at day 7 when as many as 35% of mononuclear cells formed rosettes with autologous erythrocytes. In contrast, in nonvaccinated dogs, only 0.6 +/- 0.3% (standard error of the mean) of mononuclear cells formed rosettes throughout the 2-week period. PMID- 7275310 TI - Detection and composition of immune complexes in experimental African trypanosomiasis. AB - Humoral immune responses in experimental African trypanosomiasis were assessed in rabbits infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense. Immune complexes as measured by a Clq binding assay or a Clq solid-phase assay were detected by day 10 and increased progressively through day 28. Immune complexes analyzed by double diffusion in agar or enzyme immunoassay contained immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG consistently, and usually C3. In one serum, immune complexes contained trypanosomal antigens in addition to C3, IgG, and IgM. By sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation Clq-binding immune complex-like materials were shown to contain IgG, IgM, and C3, sedimentating as intermediate (between 7S and 19S) or as higher-molecular-weight (greater than 19S) aggregates. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies to trypanosomes were measured by enzyme immunoassay. IgM antibodies were detected by day 7, rose to peak by day 14, and declined slowly thereafter. IgG antibodies were detected by day 14 and continued to rise through day 32. Total IgM and IgG measured by radial immunodiffusion paralleled the corresponding changes in antibody levels. Host immune responses, in part directed to trypanosomal antigens, produced circulating immune complexes containing bound C3; these may be deposited in tissue or may serve as a serological marker of immune complex-mediated tissue injury. PMID- 7275314 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in American visceral leishmaniasis: reversible immunosuppression during acute infection. AB - Cell-mediated immunity was assessed in 14 Brazilian patients with acute untreated American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) and in 11 healthy patients successfully treated 1 to 14 years previously. The diagnosis of AVL was established by demonstration of leishmania in bone marrow aspirates. The responsiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to Leishmania chagasi antigens and phytohemagglutinin was studied in vitro. Soluble preparations of L. chagasi antigens were obtained from frozen-thawed promastigote cultures. L. chagasi antigen-stimulated lymphocytes from untreated AVL patients were unresponsiveness and incorporated a mean of 1.2 +/- 0.5 X 10(-3) cpm after a [3H]thymidine pulse. The cured AVL patients had 19.1 +/- 7.2 cpm, and 15 normal control subjects had 0.8 +/- 0.1 cpm. There were no differences in the response of controls and either untreated or cured AVL patients to phytohemagglutinin stimulation. Three of four untreated AVL patients responded to L. chagasi antigens when studied 2 to 4 weeks after therapy. The impaired response of lymphocytes from untreated AVL patients could not be attributed to either reduced numbers of circulating T cells or the inhibitory effect of monocytes or serum factors. PMID- 7275315 TI - Fibrinogen enhances complement-mediated augmentation of retention of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by nylon columns. AB - Retention of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by nylon columns is significantly increased when PMN are suspended in zymosan-activated plasma. In zymosan activated plasma, 25.8 +/- 4.9% of PMN were retrained as compared with 11.1 +/- 2.7% suspended in zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) (P = 0.001) and 7.9 +/- 3.2% in fresh serum (P = 0.0005). Addition of heated plasma (56 degrees C for 30 min) to ZAS restored optimal retention. These results suggested a role for a heat-stable factor(s) in plasma, which augmented complement-mediated enhancement of PMN adhesiveness. This study was designed to determine whether fibrinogen enhanced retention by nylon columns of PMN in the presence of activated complement. Addition of defibrinated plasma to ZAS failed to enhance adhesiveness to nylon. The retention of PMN suspended in ZAS was 11.1 +/- 2.7%, as compared with 10.5 +/ 3.7% in ZAS plus defibrinated plasma. Retention of PMN suspended in ZAS plus fibrinogen was 27.92 +/- 13.2% as opposed to 16.35 +/- 7.5% (P = 0.045) in ZAs. In contrast, retention of cells in serum was 12.96 +/- 7.5%. These results suggest that the process which enhances PMN adhesiveness involves the interaction of cells, activated complement, and fibrinogen. PMID- 7275316 TI - Rabbit cationic protein enhances leukocyte adhesiveness. AB - Cationic protein purified from rabbit peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was demonstrated to incite autoaggregation of the rabbit PMN and promote adhesiveness of human PMN to endothelial cells. PMN aggregation induced by supernatants derived from secretory PMN was blocked by a specific anticationic protein antibody. These studies reveal that a positively charged protein derived from the PMN can alter surface properties of the PMN itself and imply a role for this protein in PMN immobilization at inflammatory sites. PMID- 7275317 TI - Primary acute histoplasmosis in guinea pigs exposed to aerosolized Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - Guinea pigs were examined as a possible in vivo model for human histoplasmosis. Guinea pigs were exposed to an aerosol of viable microconidia and mycelial fragments of Histoplasma capsulatum generated in a Henderson apparatus. Colonization and infection of the lungs occurred, with subsequent involvement of the regional lymph nodes and reticuloendothelial organs. Cultural recovery of the fungus from the nasopharynx and bronchoalveoli was initially high, but decreased with time. The mean number of colonies recovered from the lungs gradually increased, reaching a peak at 2 weeks, with involvement of the regional lymph nodes. Extrathoracic dissemination to the liver and spleen occurred in only a few animals. After 4 weeks, all tissues except the cervical and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were culturally negative; all specimens were culturally negative after 8 weeks. Disappearance of H. capsulatum from tissues appeared to correlate inversely with the development of hypersensitivity as measured by skin test reactivity. Histopathological studies supported cultural results and were similar to those described for primary human and canine histoplasmosis. PMID- 7275318 TI - Phagocytosis of Giardia muris by macrophages in Peyer's patch epithelium in mice. AB - No mechanism for the initiation of immunological clearance of Giardia from the mammalian intestinal tract has been identified. In normal and nude mice experimentally infected with G. muris, we examined antigen-sampling epithelium over Peyer's patch follicles by electron microscopy for evidence of interaction between G. muris and lymphoid cells. Invading G. muris were found in the epithelium near dying or desquamating columnar cells. Macrophages beneath the basal lamina extended pseudopods into the epithelium, trapping invading G. muris and enclosing them in phagolysosomes. In normal mice, which clear G. muris in 4 to 6 weeks, macrophages containing digested G. muris were surrounded by rosettes of lymphoblasts in the epithelium. In nude mice deficient in lymphocytes, there was apparent hyperplasia of macrophages, which filled the follicle domes, resulting in more frequent entrapment of G. muris but no contact between macrophages and lymphoblasts in the epithelium. In nude mice, which require 6 months to control G. muris infection, lymphoblast contact with macrophages containing distinctive microtubular remnants of G. muris was only identified in the follicle dome. This close physical association of lymphoblasts and macrophages containing G. muris remnants suggests that this macrophage activity represents intraepithelial antigen processing as well as a defense against the effects of the uncontrolled entrance of microorganisms and other antigenic particles into Peyer's patch lymphoid follicles. PMID- 7275319 TI - Virulence of three clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O-1 serogroup in experimental enteric infections in rabbits. AB - Three Vibrio cholerae, [ill] isolates, pathogenic in both adult rabbit ligated ileal loop and infant rabbit assays, produced no heat-labile or heat-stable toxins. Their pathogenicity did not correlate with the presence of plasmids. PMID- 7275320 TI - Lysosomal enzyme content of Kupffer and endothelial liver cells isolated from germfree and clean conventional rats. AB - Rats kept under germfree conditions showed lower specific lysosomal enzyme activities in liver endothelial cells, but not in Kupffer cells. PMID- 7275322 TI - Chemotactic activity of bone marrow-derived macrophages changes with time in culture. AB - The number of bone marrow-derived macrophages able to respond to chemotactic stimuli varies with time in culture. Chemotactic response was optimal at 2 weeks and may depend on cell maturation or differentiation or both. PMID- 7275321 TI - Toxicities of Clostridium botulinum type C toxins of different molecular sizes in geese. AB - Clostridium botulinum type C toxin of 16S was more potent as an oral toxin to geese than that of 12S. PMID- 7275324 TI - Genetic control of Delia (Hylemya) antiqua--VI. X-irradiation of fertilized females to produce translocations. PMID- 7275326 TI - The reconstitution of powders for injection with gamma-irradiated water. PMID- 7275325 TI - External proton beam for X-ray emission analysis of human blood plasma. PMID- 7275327 TI - Immobilization of arginase on hollow fiber hemodialyzer. AB - The enzyme arginase, purified from bovine liver, was covalently immobilized by the glutaraldehyde method to the inner surface of Cuprophan hollow fibers of a conventional hemodialyzer with a surface 1.3 m3. The yield of the process was 0.3 microgram/cm2 of active enzyme at physiological pH. The immobilization method did not adversely affect the physical and mechanical properties of hollow fibers neither their hemocompatibility. After sterilization with ethylene oxide, the bioreactor was able to metabolize five liters of 50 microM arginine solution at pH 7.4, in six hours. PMID- 7275328 TI - Interchangeable abdominal catheter for peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7275323 TI - Restoration by normal human immunoglobulin G of deficient serum opsonization for Streptococcus pneumoniae in sickle cell disease. AB - Supplementation of sera from four children with sickle cell disease with untreated or heated normal human serum or with normal human immunoglobulin G restored opsonic activity for serotype 10 Streptococcus pneumoniae, whereas supplementation with normal human immunoglobulin M did not. PMID- 7275329 TI - Continuous intra-venous (CIV) infusion of desferrioxamine (DF) in a hemodialysed patient with transfusion siderosis. PMID- 7275331 TI - Early dialysis up-dated. PMID- 7275330 TI - Uremic middle molecules. PMID- 7275333 TI - Reducing blood loss in dialysis patients. PMID- 7275332 TI - Iron overload in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 7275334 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): why did ECMO fail? PMID- 7275337 TI - Creatinine degradation. II: Mathematical model including the effect of extra renal removal rates. AB - Previous models of the patient-artificial kidney system have neglected the contribution of creatinine degradation as a pathway for creatinine removal. Creatinine degradation can remove significant amounts of creatinine from dialysis patients, and models which neglect this mechanism are susceptible to error in predicting creatinine concentrations. In this study three models of the patient artificial kidney system have been developed. The single pool model is the easiest to use since it requires a minimum of patient information, but it is the least accurate in predicting creatinine plasma concentrations. A two-pool model predicts experimental data within 5 percent, and appears to be the most useful model from the consideration of ease of use and accuracy. A three-pool model was derived that is suitable for use on a mini-computer or programmable calculator providing the device is capable of inverting a 3 x 3 matrix. The three-pool model predicts the measured plasma concentrations with 0.5 percent. These models provide a means to account for creatinine degradation and accurately predict creatinine concentrations in dialysis patients. PMID- 7275335 TI - Studies on cyanide and thiocyanate in uraemia. AB - Cyanide and thiocyanate was measured in blood and in peritoneal lavage solution in patients with advanced or terminal renal failure. The behavior of these substances was comparable to that of normal people. Our finding does not support the hypothesis of an indirect toxicity of urea via its previous conversion to cyanate. Cyanate ion has not been implicated in the toxic status of chronic uraemia. PMID- 7275339 TI - The best coating material for hemoperfusion: comparation of cellulose nitrate with cellulose acetate and derivatives. AB - In this study the clearance characteristics of the two most widely used membrane systems (cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate) were compared in order to obtain the best coating material for hemoperfusion. The columns containing uncoated or coated charcoal granules were tested using creatinine, uric acid and vitamin B-12. The platelet loss were also analyzed using bovine blood. The membrane thickness was kept constant (0.5% by weight) in all membrane systems. Due to the simple coating procedure, cellulose nitrate coating, which also has good biocompatibility and high removal rates for toxins, was found to be preferable. PMID- 7275338 TI - Double lumen needle in unipuncture dialysis type double headpump. AB - Single needle dialysis is used as a method of vascular access in many European dialysis centres. However, recirculation has been incriminated as a disadvantage of this procedure. According to in vitro studies, recirculation should be limited to a minimum when using double lumen needles. The present study makes an in vitro comparison between single and double lumen needles in unipuncture (single needle) dialysis of the type double headpump (Bellco, BL 760) and studies the role of recirculation in dialysis performance. Although recirculation is significantly reduced with the double lumen needle, compared to the single lumen needle, the clearance of small molecules is not significantly different for both needle types. PMID- 7275340 TI - The evaluation of a haemoperfusion device in conscious dogs. AB - A newly designed charcoal haemoperfusion device was evaluated by repeated haemoperfusion of conscious dogs. The procedure was tolerated well and the incidence of side effects was low. Alterations to haematology were small with platelet drops of only 9% and only minor disturbances to plasma chemistry were seen. PMID- 7275336 TI - Studies on amino acids in diabetic patients undergoing CAPD. AB - Studies in patients with uremia due to diabetes mellitus treated with CAPD show that the kinetics of amino acid equilibration between dialysate and plasma behave differently from those in patients with uremia of different etiology. Diabetics also have larger amino acid losses in dialysate. PMID- 7275341 TI - The bio-artificial organ: review and progress report. AB - A definition and a review is given for the bioartificial organ. In addition new developments are reported with the successful lyophilization of enzyme filled RCG with cryoprotective polyethylene glycol (PEG). The successful use of an enzyme reactor consisting of crosslinked fibrin with asparaginase covalently attached is reported in sheep. The small organ (0.4 m2) removes 70% of the animal's asparagine in 6 hours. No enzyme leakage down to 10(-5) units per ml. plasma could be found. The highly preserved substrate affinity of insolubilized asparaginase as well as its high activity and stability when bound to fibrin are additional outstanding features of this system. PMID- 7275342 TI - Propranolol-associated hypoglycemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. AB - Propranolol is widely employed in hemodialysis patients for the control of renin dependent hypertension. Infrequent reports have linked hypoglycemia and propranolol, especially in complex situations such as malnutrition, anesthesia, and excessive insulin use. Three patients on maintenance hemodialysis taking propranolol developed severe hypoglycemia resulting in cardiac arrest. The life threatening hypoglycemia occurred without apparent precipitating cause and unaccompanied by the classical signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. These three cases suggest that propranolol in a setting of chronic renal failure and dialysis may bring about severe hypoglycemia, a complication previously unsuspected. PMID- 7275343 TI - Concomitant renal and hepatic failure treated by polyacrylonitrile membrane hemodialysis. AB - A patient with fulminant hepatic encephalopathy and acute renal failure progressively deteriorated following daily hemodialysis with a hollow fiber artificial kidney improved dramatically after an initial dialysis with a polyacrylonitrile membrane system. Following repetitive dialysis with this system the patients continued to improve and is well many months following discharge. His course during hemodialysis with membrane systems having different clearances for substances of various molecular weights suggests the hypothesis that a substance(s) with a molecular weight between 1,500 and 15,000 daltons is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and offers and additional therapeutic modality for his devastating disease. PMID- 7275344 TI - Bilirubin removal from an hepatic failure patient by resin hemoperfusion. AB - An hemoperfusion (HP) column, packed with beads of a macroreticular MR ion exchange resin which were made biocompatible by coating with a fine layer of cross-linked human albumin, was applied to the removal of bilirubin (BIL) from a jaundiced 69-year old man with hepatic failure. The column was found most suitable for BIL removal. However, the high volumetric mass transfer coefficient of the unconjugated (UC) BIL indicates that this column could best be used for BIL removal from babies suffering from unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 7275345 TI - Preparation of bicarbonate-containing peritoneal dialysate using an automated dialysate delivery system. PMID- 7275346 TI - Digitalis intoxication and hyperkalemia in hemodialysed patients. PMID- 7275347 TI - Physiological characteristics of cold acclimatization in man. PMID- 7275348 TI - Electrocardiographic observations in high altitude residents of Nepal and Bolivia. PMID- 7275349 TI - Idiopathic menstrual disorders in airline stewardesses. A possible origin from solar radiation of heavy magnetic particles. PMID- 7275350 TI - Effects of hyperthermia on enzymes and electrolytes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in dogs. PMID- 7275351 TI - Effects of fasting on maximum thermogenesis in temperature-acclimated rats. PMID- 7275353 TI - Animal Species in which N-nitroso compounds induce cancer. AB - In reviews on the carcinogenicity of N-nitroso compounds (NC) the number of animal species in which these compounds induce cancer is understated. In recent years additional species have been used in experiments. Tumours have been induced by NC in 39 species which belong to 36 genera, 25 families, 17 orders and five class of animals. The names of these taxa are presented in Latin and the common names of species are given in English, French and German. The carcinogenic action of eight NC in various species is tabulated. PMID- 7275352 TI - Central nervous versus total body thermosensitivity of the duck. PMID- 7275354 TI - Metastasis and the reticuloendothelial system. II. Effect of triamcinolone acetonide on organ retention of malignant cells in endotoxin-treated mice. AB - The lung retention patterns of B16 melanoma cells were determined after intravenous injection of [125i]dUrd-labelled tumor cells into B16 melanoma bearing mice. Experiments were performed to assess the effects of a synthetic glucocorticoid, triamcinolone acetonide, on the retention of B16 melanoma cell arrested in the lungs of mice with endotoxin-induced reticuloendothelial system hyperfunction. Lung clearance of malignant cells was greatly accelerated in mice treated with endotoxin alone but was markedly inhibited in mice with only triamcinolone acetonide. In mice treated with both endotoxin and subsequently triamcinolone acetonide after tumor-cell arrest processes had occurred, the endotoxin-induced increase in clearance was nullified. These results are discussed in terms of the mutually antagonistic activity of both pharmacologic agents upon the reticuloendothelial system and the role of the latter in regulating organ retention of disseminated malignant cells. PMID- 7275355 TI - Effect of solvents on methylcholanthrene-induced carcinogenesis in mice. AB - We have shown previously, with X-chromosome linked phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) cell markers, that the fibrosarcomas induced in mice by subcutaneous injection of 0.2-2.0 mg of methylcholanthrene (MCA) dissolved in olive oil had a multicellular origin. In this study we used a constant dose of MCA injected subcutaneously and compared the effects on tumorigenesis of using benzene or olive oil as the solvents. The benzene and olive oil groups differed in tumor incidence (100% versus 50%), location (muscle versus skin), and type (rhabdomyosarcomas versus fibrosarcomas). Each of the nine olive-oil MCA-induced tumors showed both PGK enzyme types, whereas 13 ot 16 tumors induced by MCA in benzene displayed only a single PGK type. This difference in PGK phenotypes suggests that the MCA-benzene neoplasms arose from one or a few cells. We conclude from these results that the nature of the solvent plays an important role in the type and number of cells from which tumors induced by subcutaneous injection of MCA arise. PMID- 7275356 TI - Carcinogenicity of analgesics: long-term treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats with phenacetin, phenazone, caffeine and paracetamol (acetamidophen). AB - Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with phenacetin, phenazone or caffeine in the diet or with combinations of these chemicals. Another group received paracetamol in the diet and a further group received only the control diet. The rats were treated for up to 117 weeks. Renal pelvic tumors were only seen in rats treated with phenacetin or phenazone alone or in combination with caffeine, phenazone having slightly greater activity toward the urinary tract than phenacetin. Phenacetin, however, had a greater overall carcinogenic effect, inducing 31 malignant tumors. The urinary tract and the kidneys had the highest incidence of tumor followed by squamous-cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Half of the rats treated with phenacetin, phenazone and caffeine in combination developed hepatomas. The explanation may be that the addition of phenazone and caffeine altered the metabolism of phenacetin, increasing the production of N hydroxyphenacetin, a known liver carcinogen. The justification of using phenacetin as a human analgesic must be seriously questioned, and further studies with phenazone are required. PMID- 7275358 TI - The why and how of a contribution to the literature: a brief communication. PMID- 7275359 TI - Reporting hypnosis in the medical context: a brief communication. PMID- 7275360 TI - The effect of demonstrating to a subject that she is in a hypnotic trance as a variable in hypnotic interventions with obese women. PMID- 7275361 TI - Hypnotic susceptibility scales under attack: an examination of Weitzenhoffer's criticisms. PMID- 7275357 TI - Solubilization and partial characterization of a tumor-rejection antigen from an ultraviolet light-induced murine tumor. AB - Tumor rejection antigen (TRA) of an ultraviolet-light-induced murine skin tumor was solubilized, fractionated and partially characterized. Subcellular fractions were prepared by differential centrifugation of tumor cells that had been ruptured via nitrogen cavitation. Only the 110,000-g membrane fraction induced significant tumor protection, as determined by in vivo immunization and challenge assays. Extraction of the membrane fraction with 3 M KCI resulted in solubilization of material that could induce in vivo tumor-rejection immunity. Both the membrane fraction and soluble extract had a limited effective dose range. The KCI extract was separated on a Sepharose, CL-6B column in the presence of 6 M guanidine-HCI. Only one of five fraction pools (molecular weight range of 76,000-127,000 daltons) was immunogenic. It contained at least eight protein bands by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), but no lipid components. This immunogenic Sepharose fraction was chromatographed on a Sephadex G-150 column. Each of the four Sephadex fraction pools was immunogenic. One protein component was common to each of those fractions. It migrated as a single 76,000-dalton band on SDS-PAGE and contained [14C]-leucine and [3H]-glucosamine that had been incorporated during cell growth. These results suggest that the TRA of this tumor is a 76,000-dalton glycoprotein. PMID- 7275363 TI - How to write a clinical paper: a brief communication. PMID- 7275362 TI - Do the Stanford Scales tap the "classic suggestion effect"? PMID- 7275364 TI - Performance of fine motor coordination activities with an hypnotically anesthetized limb. PMID- 7275365 TI - Factorial structure of the Creative Imagination Scale as a measure of hypnotic responsiveness: an international comparative study. PMID- 7275367 TI - An experimental hypnotic approach to teaching the psychoanalytic theory of the neuroses: a brief communication. PMID- 7275366 TI - Visual evoked potentials in hypnosis: a longitudinal approach. PMID- 7275368 TI - Family size, birth order and hypnotizability: a brief communication. PMID- 7275369 TI - Non-verbal hypnotic techniques in a centrally deaf brain-damaged patient. PMID- 7275370 TI - Hypnotherapy for fear of choking: treatment implications of a case report. PMID- 7275372 TI - An hypnotherapeutic approach to enhance object relatedness in psychotic patients. PMID- 7275373 TI - Misuses of hypnosis: a medical emergency and its treatment. PMID- 7275371 TI - Hypnosis as an adjunct to thought-stopping and covert reinforcement in the treatment of homicidal obsessions in a twelve-year-old boy. PMID- 7275375 TI - The myth of coercion through hypnosis: a brief communication. PMID- 7275374 TI - Hypnosis and weight loss: a preliminary study. PMID- 7275377 TI - Follow-up of a twelve-month treatment program for chronic alcoholics. PMID- 7275376 TI - Servicing the drug user and the drug user treatment support system. PMID- 7275378 TI - Motivational determinants of illicit drug use: an assessment of underlying dimensions and their relationship to behavior. AB - Principal components analysis was used to delineate motivational patterns associated with illicit drug use in a population of U.S. Navy enlisted men (n = 867) undergoing drug rehabilitation. Patients indicated which of 31 reasons for drug use were associated with various drugs. Four components emerged from this analysis, labeled Insight-Seeking, Therapeutic Needs, Sentience, and Pleasure Seeking. Higher order factor analysis revealed the presence of a general factor, labeled General Sensation-Seeking. Multiple regression procedures were used to relate the derived dimensions to actual drug use behavior. The significant relationships observed among the factor analytic patterns in predicting overall drug involvement were shown to lead to increased explanation concerning interrelationships among personality needs and social resources. The findings suggested a number of hypotheses pertaining to increased understanding of motivational patterns underlying initiation and continuation of illicit drug use. PMID- 7275379 TI - Coffee consumption among alcoholics as a function of time hospitalized. PMID- 7275381 TI - Acute and chronic drug abuse emergencies in Metropolitan Toronto. AB - From 3,548 drug overdose or abuse cases presenting at 21 Metropolitan Toronto hospitals' Emergency departments, data concerning demographic and medical characteristics, investigative and management procedures, drug analysis services, and disposition of patients were collected. Of the 3,548 cases, 2,723 (77%) were acute overdose and 816 (23%) were drug abuse. Drug overdose was more common than drug abuse for both sexes, but was more characteristic of females. The drugs most frequently alleged ingested were benzodiazepines (34%), ethanol (32%), salicylates (16%), and barbiturates (14%). The frequency with which particular classes of drugs are alleged in overdose corresponds closely to the frequency of prescribing these drugs in Ontario. PMID- 7275380 TI - Psychometric test changes following alcohol inpatient treatment and their relationships to posttreatment drinking behaviors. AB - The Survey of Interpersonal Values, Attitude Toward Alcoholism Scale, and the Neuroticism Scale Questionnaire were administered to 377 alcoholic male veterans at the beginning and at the end of a 90-day rehabilitation program. The scores were examined in terms of (1) posttreatment changes and (2) their relationships to 2-year posthospital drinking behavior. The results revealed significant posttreatment changes on six of the 12 test variables; the inability of test scores to predict posthospital drinking behavior. PMID- 7275382 TI - Components of variance in polydrug use. AB - Forty-seven people who first attended any London drug clinic in 1971 were asked at what age they first used various drugs and how frequently each was used during every subsequent year. For age of first use, substantial significant variance components due both to drugs and subjects and to the interaction between them confirmed that certain substances were commonly tried at an earlier age, that some subjects consistently used all drugs earlier than did other subjects, and that there were numerous exceptions to these regularities. For initial frequencies of use, much of the variance was due to the interaction of drugs and subjects--meaning, in effect, that various subjects had preferences (or sources of supply) for different drugs, even though nominally all were polydrug users attending opiate clinics. However, very little variance in frequency was due to years of use or its two-way interactions with drugs or subjects. That is, once established, drugs tended to be used at about the same frequency levels over a 3 year period. The conclusions seem reasonably robust despite the comparatively small sample. PMID- 7275383 TI - Physician drug use: availability or occupational stress? AB - The research examines the nature and frequency of reported drug use in a sample of health professionals and considers occupational stress as a possible explanation for the high rate of drug use among physicians. Anonymous questionnaires, eliciting drug use frequency and occupational stress, were sent to physicians and dentists practicing in West Virginia. Physicians report greater drug use than dentists, even though dentists also have legal access to prescription drugs. Among physicians there is a significant positive relationship between occupational stress and the use of selected drugs. This finding lends tentative support to the hypothesis that drug use among physicians is not primarily a function of drug availability. PMID- 7275388 TI - Alternatives to drug use: an alternative approach to drug education. AB - The Alcohol and Drug Education Course, a secondary prevention program for drug abusing adolescents, was evaluated. The program provided some drug information, but primarily emphasized alternatives to drug and alcohol use for achieving altered states of consciousness. Students were found to be relatively knowledgeable about the effects of drugs, but were also misinformed on some issues. The program was successful in increasing the students' awareness of alternatives to drug use and the hazards of drug abuse, and in decreasing their reported reliance on drugs for achievement of altered states of consciousness. PMID- 7275386 TI - How do we know whether a primary prevention program on drug abuse works or does not work? AB - Primary prevention of drug abuse is defined as a systematic effort through which curiosity-oriented drug experimenters are kept from becoming regular drug users. Following this definition, a model program entitled Ombudsman is evaluated. The hypothesis tested is: The proportion of students who no longer use drugs will be greater among those who have participated in the Ombudsman program than among those who have not. Some of the findings are: (1) the program is most effective with regard to "hard' drugs (greater than .001), but not with "social' drugs; (2) the program impact is most effective among younger students (p greater than .01). PMID- 7275384 TI - Affect dimensions of male heroin addicts admitted for inpatient detoxification. AB - The Profile of Mood States was administered to 197 male heroin addicts seeking inpatient detoxification. A principal factor analysis of the men's self-ratings revealed four major dimensions-Fatigue-inertia, Confused-depression, Anger hostility, and Friendliness; these dimensions were similar to factors reported for male psychiatric patients, but only the dimensions of Fatigue-inertia, Confused-depression, and Anger-hostility matched comparable factors reported for male heroin addicts seeking methadone maintenance. Fatigue-inertia was the major dimension underlying the inpatient admissions' affect, whereas Anger-hostility was the major dimension underlying the methadone admissions' affect. PMID- 7275389 TI - Fictitious data in drug abuse research. AB - The production of fictitious interviews in field studies of drug abuse has been suspected on any number of occasions, and many researchers in the drug field have caught their interviewers constructing such fraudulent data. In the current experiment, several sets of fictitious and real data were compared and statistical differences were observed. While the technique cannot detect individual fictitious interview schedules, it does have promise for detecting fraudulent data on a mass basis. PMID- 7275390 TI - Drug use intervention concepts: availability. PMID- 7275385 TI - Alcoholics in the family? PMID- 7275387 TI - Attribution of causality by children with alcoholic parents. PMID- 7275391 TI - Understanding drug user treatment evaluation: some unresolved issues. AB - This article reviews a series of issues, concepts, and factors which are critical to any treatment process in terms of a selected number of drug user treatment programs. These programs include the most often used and reported on ones in the literature: methadone maintenance, outpatient (drug-free and general) therapeutic communities, and detoxification. The central thesis of this article is to remind the reader that current evaluation reports, between any number of types of programs, while being statistically seductive, may be conceptually meaningless. What is most often compared may be uncomparable. PMID- 7275392 TI - Validity of alcoholic's self-reports: duration data. AB - The validity of alcohol abusers' self-reports of the number of days associated with alcohol-related incarcerations and hospitalizations was investigated using a recently developed time-line follow-back interviewing technique. It was felt that duration data (number of days per occurrence) would be more sensitive than incidence data (number of occurrences) to certain types of invalidity. Results indicated that the majority of both residential and outpatient subjects provided relatively accurate self-reports of the number of days they had been incarcerated during the 360 days preceding their entry into treatment. Discrepancies most frequently resulted from subjects overreporting days incarcerated as compared with official records. PMID- 7275393 TI - Reflections on the treatment process by nonabstinent alcoholics. AB - This study reports on the subjective evaluations of treatment by 162 patients who had been treated and discharged with staff approval at Hazelden Rehabilitation Center. At 2 years following treatment, these patients were asked to comment on what they considered the most important aspects of their treatment experience. Four principal groupings of comments emerged as being most important: (1) Formal Hazelden activities, i.e., lectures, counseling; (2) Inner-directed learning, i.e., understanding, insight; (3) Informal Hazelden activities, i.e., personal friendships, fellowship; and (4) General learning, i.e., effect of alcohol on mind and body. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the utility of evaluating treatment effectiveness through the subjective judgments of the treated patients. PMID- 7275394 TI - Effects of intensive counseling on client outcome in a methadone maintenance program. AB - This program evaluation examines intensification of rehabilitation services in an existing Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program (MMTP). The investigation includes a description of initial organizational problems, of the strategy and tactics used, and of formal and informal forces used to implement specific changes. Data specific to counseling services and client treatment goals were gathered and analyzed over a 14-month period of time for 35 MMTP clients. The tendency of the variables to increase over the 14-month time period was significant (p less than .05). The following trends were found: (1) clients' dosage of methadone reduced over time, (2) clients' progressed toward drug-free life-style changes over time, and (3) the intensification of counseling was associated with a reduction of the frequency of chemical abuse of clients. PMID- 7275395 TI - Depression, hopelessness, and suicidal intent among heroin addicts. AB - Heroin addicts have an exceedingly high rate of suicide. Recent studies with other clinical populations have found that hopelessness is a mediating variable between depression and suicidal behaviors. The present study attempted to discover if this same relationship held with heroin addicts. To test this relationship, 191 addicts were administered the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hopelessness Scale, and the Suicide Contemplation Scale. Suicide intent was found to be significantly correlated with hopelessness, but not with depression. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7275396 TI - Client preference-treatment congruence as a facilitator of length of stay: supporting an old truism. AB - Client-program congruence is studied for its association with clients' lengths-of stay in community-based drug abuse treatment programs. Congruence, defined as the fit between clients' preferences for treatment program types and actual program placements, is highly associated with extended client lengths-of-stay in treatment. The results are discussed in terms of person-environment fit and attribution theory regarding perceived control, achievement, and success. Finally, discussion focuses on the use of the results to bring about changes in policy regarding the operation of the local community's system of services. PMID- 7275397 TI - The addict's family of origin: an empirical survey analysis. PMID- 7275400 TI - The relationship between drinking patterns at therapy termination and intake and termination status on social variables: a replication study. AB - The interpersonal support, residence, and employment status of 198 alcoholics were assessed both at intake and at therapy termination. At question was the comparative strength of association between the social status variables when assessed at intake versus termination with drinking patterns at termination of therapy. Results indicated the magnitude of association was very high for termination social variables and minimal to nonexistent for intake social variables. The study was replicated with a group of 171 alcoholics with virtually identical results. The implications of these results for assessing alcohol treatment outcomes are discussed. PMID- 7275399 TI - Cross-validation of a heroin addiction (He) scale in a treatment setting. AB - An He (Heroin addiction) scale has been developed from the MMPI for differentiating incarcerated addicts from nonaddicts. Its clinical utility has not been tested among addicts seeking treatment in hospital-based treatment programs. In this cross-validation study, the He scale did not differentiate heroin users (n = 336) from polydrug users (n = 179). Further, White heroin users scored significantly higher than Black heroin users. Findings were similar in both analysis of variance and co-variance designs, both when potentially confounding covariates were controlled and uncontrolled (i.e., the covariates age, education, socioeconomic status, and admission status). Although the scale showed promise for differentiating compulsive users of proscribed drugs categorized generally (but not heroin users specifically), nevertheless additional refinement of the scale is needed before it can be applied in hospital settings. Race, age, and admission status emerged as subject background characteristics meriting systematic attention in scale refinement. PMID- 7275401 TI - Retrospective audit: heroin addiction. PMID- 7275402 TI - A note on Israel's law for the treatment of drug offenders. PMID- 7275398 TI - A study of SCL-90 scores of 264 methadone patients in treatment. AB - The SCL-90, a psychiatric symptom test, was administered to 264 methadone maintenance treatment program clients. Although patients generally had levels of distress comparable with psychiatric patient populations, no relation between the level of symptom distress and patient performance was found. Female patients were significantly more disturbed than male patients. Sixty-three percent of the patient population scored above the normal level of symptom distress, with scores highest in the depression and paranoid scales. The findings call for reappraisal of the supposed links between psychopathology and patient performance in methadone patients, and underscore the usefulness of the SCL-90 in identifying general levels of symptom distress among methadone patients. The SCL-90 is also useful in highlighting patient subgroups, such as female patients, who are in particular distress. PMID- 7275404 TI - Experience with Swedish multifunctional prosthetic hands controlled by pattern recognition of multiple myoelectric signals. AB - Clinical experience with two types of multifunctional prosthetic hand, controlled by pattern recognition of multiple myoelectric signals is reported. The prostheses have been used for between one and five years by five patients. The pattern recognition control system enabled the patients to control six separate movements accurately after a short period of training. One of the tested prostheses, the SVEN-hand, was not reliable enough to allow clinical use outside the laboratory. The ES-hand, a second generation multifunctional prosthesis, has promising features, being self-contained and fast moving. It is concluded that multi-functional prosthetic hands help amputees to avoid tiresome and awkward compensatory movements. Their scope, however, does not extend beyond that of conventional myoelectric prostheses. Their combined movements are cosmetically more appealing than a single three-point grip. In order to gain wider acceptance, multifunctional prosthetic hands must reach a state of development comparable to conventional myoelectric devices particularly with regard to weight and compactness. A pattern recognition control system is essential to the design. PMID- 7275405 TI - Pott's paraplegia: a clinical review of operative and conservative treatment in 63 adults and children. AB - Two hundred and twenty patients with active spinal tuberculosis were seen at the Orthopaedic Centre, Tunis, between 1965 and 1975. Fifty adults and 11 children were paraplegic, this being particularly associated with infection of the mid thoracic spine and with marked kyphosis. The number of diseased vertebrae ranged up to 7, the average kyphosis measuring 53 degrees and the worst being 140 degrees. Patients had been paralysed for an average of 4 months before seeking treatment. Thirty seven patients were treated by chemotherapy alone and 26 with the addition of anterior decompression and grafting. The selection of treatment was arbitrary. The average follow up was nearly three years. Sixty eight percent of the medical group had complete neurological recovery and 19% partial recovery, against 38% and 31% respectively for the surgical group. Mortality in the medical group was 5% compared with 23% after surgery. Patients in either group who showed no sign of improvement within six months of the beginning of treatment failed to recover. The prognosis was better in children and in patients with partial paraplegia but was not influenced by the duration of paraplegia. PMID- 7275403 TI - Clinical and radiographic assessment of a non-constrained total shoulder. AB - This paper presents the early post-operative results of a nonconstrained total shoulder joint prosthesis of the UCLA design in ten patients. Substantial relief of pain was achieved in eight patients. Half the patients showed and increased range of shoulder movement and ony one prosthesis was unstable requiring reoperation. Radiolucent zones at the cement-bone interface of the glenoid developed in several patients. The significance of these with regard to joint mobility, resultant forces and incipient loosening of the polyethylene component are discussed. No clinical signs of loosening occurred in the observation period. PMID- 7275406 TI - Upper lumbar spondylolysis. AB - Upper lumbar spondylolysis is rare and there are few reports which describe the condition. Three patients with upper lumbar spondyloysis, two of whom underwent surgical treatment, are reviewed. A radiological review of 205 patients with back pain attending a Back Research Clinic revealed three additional patients with symptomatic upper lumbar spondylolysis. clinical diagnosis of this condition is often difficult and the results of operation are unsatisfactory. It is more common among men and trauma appears to play a major role in the production of symptoms. PMID- 7275407 TI - Alterations in the collagen framework of osteoarthritic cartilage and subchondral bone. AB - Specimens obtained from human osteoarthritic knee joints and dog knees with experimentally induced osteoarthritis were used to study the collagenous framework of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in relation to osteoarthritic changes using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Degenerative articular cartilage in osteoarthritic joints showed radial orientation of the collagen fibrils, which were usually discernible as fibrillar bundle formations. Cartilage with extensive lesions often showed cleavages or fissures down to the calcified layer. The cartilagenous collagen fibrils in osteoarthritic specimens merged into the subchondral bone plate making the tidemark and the osteochondral junction irregular or obscure. The trabecular orientation of subchondral bone changed with alteration in the articular cartilage and with reactive changes in the subchondral bone, showing the effect of cartilaginous degeneration on its ultrastructure. PMID- 7275408 TI - Avascular necrosis of the femoral head: a review of the indications and results of Sugioka's transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy. AB - The results of Sugioka's trans-trochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy are reported. Seventeen cases of idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head have been operated upon and followed-up for between 10 to 48 months, with an average of 25.2 months. Since 1975 the operative technique and complications are described and the clinical results were assessed according to Patterson's criteria. These results are compared with previous methods of treatment. The short term results of Sugioka's method are favorable in cases with a small to medium sized necrosis. This new method of re-orientation of the head provides an intact part of the femoral head for weight bearing and therefore would seem to be appropriate in cases without established osteo-arthritis. PMID- 7275409 TI - The external fixateur in the management of unstable Colles' fracture. PMID- 7275411 TI - Surgical treatment of metatarsalgia. AB - Surgical treatment may be needed where conservative treatment fails in the management of metatarsalgia secondary to pes planus transversus sometimes associated with shortening of the first metatarsal. The author's technique of operation was employed in 85 feet of 45 patients with satisfactory results in 89.4%. The operation consists of a single or double V-shaped osteotomy of the middle metatarsal bones performed in the dorso-plantar plane of the proximal metaphysis. This allows realignment of the metatarsal heads and additional shortening of these bones if necessary. This type of osteotomy is simple and stable with rapid bony union. PMID- 7275410 TI - Management of fissure fractures in Paget's disease. AB - Forty-five patients with Paget's disease were studied, of whom 25 had fissure fractures affecting the bones of the lower limb. Ten patients treated with salmon calcitonin showed no improvement in their fissure fractures despite reduction in bone turnover. Treatment was effective where bone deformity was improved by traction or intra-medullary nail fixation combined with osteotomy. Surgical treatment should be undertaken in those patients who complain of acute pain at the site of a fissure fracture and who risk completing the fracture. Fissure fractures involving the femoral neck should be fixed even when asymptomatic because of the risk of non-union if they become complete. PMID- 7275414 TI - The changing concept of infantile scoliosis. AB - A description of infantile scoliosis is presented. It is thought to be provoked by persistent nursing of the infant during the first months of life in an oblique supine position. In addition deformities of the head, thorax, pelvis and contractures of the neck, hip and feet are often observed: the so-called "Seven point syndrome". Following introduction of the prone-lying position as a prophylactic measure the incidence of infantile scoliosis has decreased considerably in Germany. The oblique positional scoliosis ("resolving") is probably a separate entity. It is not clear, however, whether it may occasionally become progressive or whether the progressive forms represent the lower end of the spectrum idiopathic adolescent, juvenile and infantile scoliosis. PMID- 7275412 TI - The assessment of adolescent hallux valgus before and after first metatarsal osteotomy--clinical and walkway studies. AB - A comprehensive method of evaluating the feet of patients with adolescent hallux valgus both before and after surgical correction is described. Serial clinical, photographic and radiological studies were made and a dynamic assessment of gait was carried out using a load-sensitive walkway. Observations were made on 36 feet in which hallux valgus was treated by a modification of the Wilson oblique metatarsal osteotomy, with removal of a wedge of bone and screw fixation. In the first six months after operation, there was a lateral shift of the weight-bearing pattern in the forefoot and less weight was taken on the toes, but there was a tendency to return to the pre-operative distribution of weight during the next four years. Persistence of the lateral shift of weight-bearing appeared to result from elevation of the first metatarsal head secondary to shortening of the first metatarsal during the osteotomy. This can be avoided by deliberate depression of the first metatarsal head at the time of operation and fixation of the fragments in the required position with a screw. PMID- 7275415 TI - The effect of scoliosis surgery on parathormone, calcitonin and calcium levels in serum and the urinary excretion of calcium. AB - This study investigates mineral metabolism following scoliosis surgery in girls. During the first week there was a significant increase in the secretion of parathormone and a decrease in that of calcitonin. The serum calcium became significantly elevated from between the 3rd and 7th post-operative days. The serum phosphate decreased during the first week and increased significantly thereafter. The urinary excretion of calcium increased five-fold. PMID- 7275413 TI - The sinus tarsi syndrome. AB - The sinus tarsi syndrome is now a well-defined entity of foot pathology. Usually post-traumatic, it is characterised by pain over the lateral opening of the sinus tarsi and a feeling of instability of the ankle. We were able to define two objective criteria for the syndrome: arthrography of the subtalar joint shows specific abnormalities and recording of the electromyographic function of the peronei demonstrates abnormalities during walking. Conservative treatment is successful in about two-thirds of the cases. In other cases a simple surgical procedure can cure or improve 90% of the patients. PMID- 7275416 TI - Anterior interbody fusion in fractures and fracture-dislocations of the spine. AB - Twenty-five cases of unstable fractures and fracture-dislocations of the spine are reviewed. They were treated at the Catholic Medical College and Centre in a 3 year period, 1975 to 1978. 1. Eleven of the 25 patients were treated by anterior interbody fusion performed at 6 to 8 weeks from injury or initial surgery. 2. Eleven patients had neurological deficits, 3 with incomplete lesions and 8 with complete lesions. Open reduction and decompression laminectomies were performed on patients having neurological deficits prior to anterior interbody fusion. Two patients with incomplete paraplegia showed marked neurological recovery whilst one with complete paraplegia regained some sensation. 3. Solid clinical fusion was obtained in all but one patient within four months of interbody fusion. 4. Amongst the 18 patients with kyphosis at the time of admission 10 had a final improvement of their kyphosis ranging from 3 to 10 degrees (average 6 degrees). Three had no change and 5 demonstrated a mild increase of kyphosis (average 4 degrees). 5. Pain was relieved in 21 patients out of 25. The advantages of this technique include effective stabilization, prevention of late deformity and relatively early mobilization without internal fixation. PMID- 7275417 TI - [Direct treatment of nerve lesions in brachial plexus injuries in adults--a series of 100 operated cases]. AB - The authors report a series of 100 brachial plexus injuries between April 1974 and January 1979. The frequency of these lesions, knowledge of the anatomy and pathology, and trends in prognosis are correlated to give the surgical indications for nerve graft repair. Correlation between preoperative myelography and the anatomy and type of pathology demonstrated at the time of operation, have been of special interest and have consolidated tha operative indications. Out of the 100 cases operated on between April 1974 and January 1979, neurolysis without plexus repair was performed in 25, nerve grafts for one, two or five roots in 64, and in nine cases, intercostal nerve or spinal accessory nerve transplantation was carried out. Forty-eight cases with a follow up of more than two years have been specially studied to give some indication of the therapeutic choice depending on the number of usable nerve roots. If only one usable root is present, it is clearly impossible to graft the whole plexus and the supra scapular nerve and lateral cord (musculo-cutaneous nerve, lateral pectoral nerve and lateral head of median nerve) are given priority. If two roots can be grafted, we also bridge the radial nerve in the posterior cord. Our statistics confirm that the direct repair of these nerve lesions gives hopeful results and the functional improvements justify this type of surgery. The best results come from repair of the C5 and C6 nerve roots with re-innervation of the shoulder and elbow. In a complete palsy, when there are only one or two usable roots, loss of innervation of the hand will persist but the return of some function to the shoulder and elbow will allow a limited use of functional recovery. Our results prompt us to persist with methods founded on the precise and early indications for surgical treatment. PMID- 7275418 TI - Vascular microsurgery in orthopaedics. AB - Three applications of free vascularised bone grafts are described. Free fibular grafts have been performed in 19 cases of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The grafts are placed along the anterior femoral neck and into the femoral head with a microvascular anastomosis between the nutrient vessels of the fibula and the anterior circumflex pedicle of the hip. The operative technique is described but the post-operative follow-up is still too short to draw any definite conclusions. This operation has been performed in young patients in whom the only alternative would be a total hip replacement. Free vascularised transfers of iliac crest bone are described for bone defects such as infected non-unions of the tibia with soft tissue and bony loss. Free vascularised fibula grafts have also been employed with cancellous grafting for cystic defects such as fibrous dysplasia and large bone cysts. The use of free vascularised fibula grafts is also described in four cases of congenital pseuodarthrosis of the tibia. PMID- 7275419 TI - The principles and technique of limb lengthening. PMID- 7275420 TI - Limb lengthening by epiphyseal distraction. PMID- 7275422 TI - A European network of documentation and information in rehabilitation: its necessity and concept. AB - Both, the practical rehabilitation process and rehabilitation as a field of theory, research and training, can be realized and promoted only through close communication of professionals from various disciplines and levels in different countries. An interdisciplinary and international network of documentation and information is a prerequisite to such cooperation. Differentiated assessment, qualitative analysis and filtering, classified storing and aggressive and multivariate dissemination of information would be the major functions of the network. Both specialists from the various scientific disciplines of rehabilitation and documentation and information specialists would have to fulfill these functions. A corresponding European network should be brought about by close cooperation of national centers for documentation in rehabilitation, of centers specializing in various basic disciplines and different kinds of disabilities, and a European Center for Documentation and Information in Rehabilitation, which would centrally store and disseminate information both from the more specialized centers in Europe, and from corresponding centers in other continents. The necessary agreements between centers in various countries and continents should be brought about with the help and under the auspices of an international organization, like Rehabilitation International. PMID- 7275421 TI - [Post-traumatic compartment syndrome of the leg (author's transl)]. AB - Fifteen compartment syndromes seen in the first few hours have been collected. Fourteen occurred after tibial fracture and one after a simple contusion. In typical cases it is emphasised that ischaemia affects the contents of the compartment in an insular fashion so that distal ischaemia is not present. The main arteries are sound and demonstrated by distal pulses, the vascularity of the foot, Doppler studies and arteriography. The diagnosis is difficult but must be made at the earliest opportunity by repeated clinical examination. Measurement of the compartment pressure may be useful because the decision for fasciotomy has to be made with some urgency. The critical delay for the anterior compartment is about 12 h following trauma but it is much longer for the posterior compartment. We believe that it is advisable to always perform both anterior and posterior fasciotomy. Seven cases had combined involvement. Necrotic muscle is excised, particularly if it is present in the posterior compartment, because of the risk of contracting fibrosis. In the anterior compartment, the fibrosis can be helpful and reduce the effects of foot drop. Cases in the literature have most often been associated with conservatively treated fractures. We have measured compartment pressures during intramedullary nailing. An increase in pressure is often recorded when the nail is introduced but returns to normal in a few minutes. PMID- 7275424 TI - Extramural aids to the elderly. Profile of the recipient and evaluation of the help. PMID- 7275423 TI - Critical periods for the transmission of tactual information. AB - There is good evidence for critical periods in the development of sensory processes (particularly vision and hearing) and language functions. If appropriate experience is absent during these critical periods, later performance is impaired. This principle is of importance to designers of devices which use the skin as an alternative channel of communication for the blind of the deaf. The implications are that: (a) Some promising devices may have been prematurely abandoned because they were tested on adults rather than children. (b) Tactile devices should be evaluated in studies with children who have not yet passed through the critical period for touch and language development. It is argued that early exposure to a tactile transformation of speech (for example) might provide the profoundly deaf with two significant advantages. Firstly, early exposure increases the chance that the cutaneous system will develop neural connections appropriate to the handling of the transformed speech signal. In other words, tactile sensitivity can be optimized. Secondly, early exposure to language as a process associated with the cutaneous system (rather than the auditory system) might favour the development of cortical connections consistent with the sensory substitution system. Such plasticity might no longer exist when the critical period has passed. PMID- 7275426 TI - Rehabilitation of cognitive and perceptual defects in people with traumatic brain damage. PMID- 7275427 TI - Incapacity to work following cardiac infarction (relevance of rehabilitation). PMID- 7275429 TI - Job enrichment and the mentally retarded worker. PMID- 7275428 TI - Investigation on housing and activities of mentally handicapped young persons and adults. PMID- 7275425 TI - Under-age mothers in homes. PMID- 7275430 TI - Self-instructional training - an aid to the severely mentally retarded? PMID- 7275431 TI - Development of a Communication Skills Profile. PMID- 7275432 TI - Effects of environmental noise on the selective hearing abilities of normal and partially deaf subjects, and on experimental animals. PMID- 7275433 TI - Vithoba Paknikar Performance Tests for the Blind. PMID- 7275435 TI - A survey of inpatient alcoholics in Japan. PMID- 7275436 TI - Assessment and training of social competence in dangerous psychiatric patients. PMID- 7275434 TI - A content analysis of aggressive interactions in the dreams of the visually impaired. PMID- 7275437 TI - Law and attitudes toward the mentally ill. PMID- 7275438 TI - Components of dangerousness: legal standard in civil commitment. PMID- 7275439 TI - Mad or bad-thoughts on the equivocal relationship between mental disorder and criminality. PMID- 7275440 TI - Section 31 of the Mental Health (Scotland) Act 1960: compulsory crisis intervention? PMID- 7275441 TI - Incest and family dynamics: a clinical study. PMID- 7275442 TI - Mentally disordered offenders and their protection from punitive sanctions: The English experience. PMID- 7275443 TI - Treatment of alopecia areata. PMID- 7275444 TI - An international registry for scabies and pediculosis: why is it necessary? PMID- 7275445 TI - Verrucous and elephantoid lymphedema: morphologic spectrum and terminology. AB - Five patients with varying severities of hyperkeratotic verrucous thickening at the skin illustrate that the condition may occasionally become elephantoid and occurs in some cases of long-standing lymphedema regardless of its cause. The morphologic term "elephantiasis" has been associated with the end of lymphedema, but has been used by different authors to mean different things and has, therefore, become imprecise. The noun "lymphedema" modified by the appropriate adjective is more accurate in describing these skin changes. Under the heading- "elephantiais"--Index Medicus now states--"see lymphedema." PMID- 7275446 TI - Ultrastructural study of lichen planus: an evaluation of the colloid bodies. AB - Colloid bodies, which are eosinophilic, dyskeratotic, damaged epidermal cells that show signs of fibrinoid necrosis and premature keratinization, may play a role in the pathogenesis of lichen planus. An ultrastructural study of two patients with lichen planus focusing on the colloid bodies suggests the possibility of these bodies initiating the lichenoid dermal reaction. PMID- 7275447 TI - Lymphangioma tuberosum multiplex: an unusual variant of lymphangioma. AB - Lymphangioma tuberosum multiplex is a variant of lymphangioma in which there is an abundant proliferation of endothelial cells and dilated lymphatic vessels forming a large, lobulated tumor. A 57-year-old black man developed lymphangioma tuberosum multiplex progressively over a 30-year period following the removal of a smaller tumor from the right posterior flank. PMID- 7275448 TI - Transepithelial elimination in botryomycosis. PMID- 7275449 TI - Werner's syndrome associated with mitral valve disease. PMID- 7275451 TI - Response to molluscum contagiosum in a halo nevus. PMID- 7275452 TI - Thalidomide. PMID- 7275450 TI - Leprosy. PMID- 7275453 TI - The analysis of cadmium in marine samples. AB - This paper describes a procedure for extracting cadmium from seawater and from whole-organism digests of the gastropod mollusc Mytilus planulatus (common mussel) prior to analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The individual whole mussels were dehydrated to constant weight at 50 degrees C, digested under simple reflux in nitric acid, and the solution buffered to pH 5 with sodium hydroxide and sodium citrate. The cadmium was extracted into dithizone in methyl isobutyl ketone and the organic layer stored in polyethylene containers for analysis by AAS. Seawater samples were treated in the same way, without dehydration. At each step in the sample preparation, the method was tested to ensure that no significant loss or contamination had occurred. PMID- 7275455 TI - Effects of very restrictive high-protein diets with special reference to the nitrogen balance. AB - Since the introduction of restrictive hig protein diets in 1967, systematic studies have focused on the conditions necessary to reach an equilibrium of the nitrogen balance. These conditions appear to be: an intake of at least 55 g for women (75 g for men) of proteins of good biological value; an intake of about 1 g of potassium; more than 1.5 1 of water. Such a diet results in a decrease in energy expenditure at rest and during moderate physical effort, but not during maximal or submaximal efforts. The author does not prescribe this diet for more than three consecutive weeks. PMID- 7275454 TI - Behaviour of the different oxidation states of As, Sb, Se an Sn using dithiocarbamates for their separation from environmental, food and drug samples. AB - The mentioned elements are known to occur in the environment in different oxydation states with different biological activities. Speciation of the oxydation state by selective enrichment can lead to relevant information for the toxicologist. A sample treatment procedure is described that --allows to discriminate between the oxidation states of the mentioned elements --converts the elements to the optimum oxydation state for enrichment from the sample - brings the elements in an ideal form for their determination by x-ray fluorescence analysis using coprecipitation with the dibenzyl-ammoniumsalt of dibenzyldithiocarbamic acid. An outline of the method, instrumentation used and applications to organic, biological and environmental samples is given. PMID- 7275456 TI - Mechanisms of nitrogen sparing with severe calorie restricted diets. PMID- 7275457 TI - A 300 kcal (1.2 MJ) diet using conventional food. AB - A 300 kcal (1.25 MJ) diet of conventional food is described, which has been studied under in-patient conditions for four to six weeks. It contained 22.6 g protein, 34 g CHO and 6.9 g fat but not the full RDA of vitamins and minerals since this is impossible without supplementation. Hunger disappeared after the third day. Patients developed ketonuria and hyperuricemia; serum lipids were normalised and hypertension disappeared. The diet offers advantages in that it induces better nutritional knowledge and habits. PMID- 7275458 TI - Evaluation of the safety of very-low-calorie diets in the treatment of severely obese patients in a metabolic ward. AB - Nitrogen balance has been measured in 25 (18 f, 7m) obese non-diabetic patients submitted for four weeks to different versions of very-low-calorie diets (VLCD). Patients were divided into four groups and treated as follows: Gp 1 (6f, 4m) by 80 kcal (0.34 MJ) VLCD (17 g protein [= 2.6 g N], tr CHO and fat); Gp 2 (4f, 1m) by 180 kcal (0.76 MJ) VLCD (40 g protein [= 6.4 g N], 2 fat, tr CHO); Gp 3 (4f, 1m) by 80/180 kcal (0.34/0.76 MJ) VLCD (80 kcal during the 1st and 2nd week and 180 kcal during the 3rd and 4th week with the same nutrients as Gps and 1 and 2, respectively). Gps 1-3 received VLCD which essentially contained only protein. Gp 4 (4f, 1m) was treated by a 'mixed' VLCD containing protein and CHO (80 kcal, as in Gp 1 during the 1st and 2nd week; and 180 kcal, 17 g protein + 25.5 g CHO during the 3rd and 4th week of treatment). Weight loss was similar in Gps 1, 3 and 4 (-11 kg) and lower (-8 kg) in Gp 3. Mean daily nitrogen loss was lower in Gp 2 and 3 (-3.2 and -2.9 g N/day respectively). From the 3rd week of treatment nitrogen loss was reduced in Gps 1 and 2 and virtually absent in Gp 3. In Gp 4 nitrogen loss was persistently high (4.3-5.8 g N/day) during the whole period of observation. IN CONCLUSION: at a very low energy intake of below 200 kcal (0.84 MJ)/day dietary substitution of protein with carbohydrates does not ameliorate the nitrogen balance. PMID- 7275459 TI - Outpatient treatment of obesity with a very-low-calorie formula diet. AB - Moderately obese male and female patients were treated with a very-low-calorie formula diet at the hospital outpatient clinic. All 23 subjects had a Quetelet index of at least 285 at entry. Sixty per cent of patients adhered to the diet for a four week period with a mean weight loss of 7.9 kg. Over eight weeks, 40 per cent had continued with the diet with continued weight loss. No serious side effect was noted. PMID- 7275461 TI - Nonphysician supervision of a very-low-calorie diet. Results in over 200 cases. AB - Nonphysician nutritional therapists treated 234 obese patients with a 12-week behavioral modification, nutrition education program followed by up to 12 weeks on a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD). Mean weight decreased from 104.5 kg to 85.8 kg after 12 weeks on VLCD. Mean maximal weight loss for all patients was 17.2 kg. Blood pressure decreased from 133/86 to a low of 111/70 during VLCD. In 91 hypertensive patients, blood pressure fell from 145/95 to 128/81 after 12 weeks of VLCD. No serious side effects of VLCD were noted, although two patients developed mild cases of gout and one patient was taken off the fast when premature ventricular contractions were noted on ECG. Cost analysis reveals that physician care is almost three times as expensive as care by non-physician nutritional therapists. We conclude that the treatment of obesity should be performed by nutritional therapists under physician supervision using a comprehensive program of behavioral modification and VLCD. PMID- 7275460 TI - Metabolic effects of substituting carbohydrate for protein in a low-calorie diet: a prolonged study in obese patients. AB - Obese individuals maintained for 64 days on either of two low-calorie diets (600 800 kcal/day), consisting of protein alone or protein plus carbohydrate, varied widely in the extent of their cumulative nitrogen deficits. Rates of weight loss showed little correlation with rates of nitrogen loss after the first 28 days of the study. The low-calorie diet consisting entirely of protein increased blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations far more than did a diet consisting of equal parts of protein and carbohydrate. The diet which consisted almost entirely of protein did not spare body protein better or induce a greater rate of weight loss than did the mixture of protein and carbohydrate. PMID- 7275463 TI - Low-calorie-formula diets--are they safe? AB - Obese patients (44) were studied on a 320 kcal diet for one to two months. No ECG changes were seen in 43 patients. One patient showed a transient T wave inversion after six weeks dieting, but the significance of this finding is doubtful. We have found a 320 kcal formula diet a safe and effective method of out-patient weight reduction with no patient showing any ECG abnormality in the first four weeks of dieting. ECGs and medical supervision are recommended for patients maintained on low-calorie diets for periods longer than a month. Nitrogen balance reached equilibrium in five to six weeks. Biochemical estimations showed minor changes such as falls in the serum cholesterol and rises in the alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin, but no clinically important changes were observed. One patient on propranolol for hypertension developed postural hypotension and required substantial reduction of medication. PMID- 7275462 TI - Fatalities on the liquid-protein diet: an analysis of possible causes. AB - Reports of deaths occurring in patients using variants of the liquid-protein diet (LPD) have raised some questions about the safety of this procedure for the management of obesity. Case reports involving 44 publicized deaths were reviewed. Possible causes of death including such factors as potassium and/or electrolyte deficiencies, inadequate or poor quality protein, imperfect patient selection or compliance, an associated medications or disease were examined. Data in eight patients are insufficient for analysis or show that the patients were not using a LPD. Of the remaining 36 patients 32 were inappropriately managed as judged by conservative standards. Four patients who may have been properly managed all had known preexisting cardiac disease. The analysis does not identify any single factor which is responsible for the deaths. It shows that the procedure was widely misused and suggests that this contributed in multiple ways to the fatalities. No properly managed patient died as a direct result of the LPD and the cardiac deaths could not be ascribed to the LPD. Since the LPD, when properly supervised, has demonstrated great promise in the management of obesity, it is suggested that caution be exercised in dismissing the LPD because of adverse publicity. PMID- 7275465 TI - The effect of triiodothyronine on weight loss and nitrogen balance of obese patients on a very-low-calorie liquid-formula diet. AB - During drastic calorie restriction triiodothyronine (T3) administration results in an increase in weight loss and the metabolic rate. The effects of T3 on nitrogen balance under these circumstances was studied in 11 obese patients under metabolic ward conditions. These patients received a 320 kcal (1.34 MJ) diet containing 31 g of milk protein, and were given 25 micrograms T3 orally at eight hourly intervals from the 20th day. Mean daily weight loss increased significantly from 269 +/- 27 g/day to 395 +/- 32 g/day, while net N balance did not change significantly. These results suggest that T3 administration while increasing weight loss does not necessarily cause a deterioration in N balance, at least during the early phases of use of very-low-calorie mixed diets. PMID- 7275466 TI - Metabolic fuels and the capacity for exercise during hypocaloric diet. PMID- 7275464 TI - The effect of obesity and drastic caloric restriction on serum prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone. AB - Subnormal prolactin (PRL) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) have been reported in massive obesity, while fasting and very-low-calorie diets have been shown to impair the reaction of PRL to TRH. The mechanism of these changes is poorly understood. We studied a group of moderately obese women on weight maintenance diets to determine whether PRL and TSH responses are reduced in moderate obesity, and repeated the TRH tests during treatment with a 320 kcal diet, with and without the addition of triiodothyronine (T3). Basal and maximal PRL levels after stimulation were not significantly different in the obese patients before dietary restriction from levels in non-obese controls. During the use of the diet the PRL response to TRH was significantly lower than the initial value (P less than 0.025) while basal PRL levels remained unchanged. The percentage reduction in PRL response showed a significant positive correlation with the percentage decrease in serum T3 (r = 0.80, P less than 0.05). Administration of 75 micrograms of T3 daily to the patients, however, was associated with a further significant decrease in the PRL response to TRH. Plasma oestradiol levels did not change with use of the diet. TSH response to TRH was normal in these patients and did not change with use of the diet alone. T3 treatment resulted in an almost complete suppression of the TSH response. In conclusion the reaction of prolactin to stimuli is normal in the moderately obese patient, but reduced during drastic caloric restriction. This decreased responsiveness is probably not due to changes in T3 or oestrogen levels. PMID- 7275467 TI - A multiple approach to the treatment of obesity using total fasting or a very-low calorie diet. AB - A multiple approach programme used in 20 000 patients (3300 have been hospitalized at some time or other) for 19 years is described. It is based on operative definitions handled by an interdisciplinary team working within a therapeutic community. A diagnostic-prognostic profile is used, and so is the ambulatory treatment including an individual/group approach, and/or hospitalization with total fasting or VLCD. The general programme includes group therapy, video-tapes, physical training, occupational therapy and family guidance. This is completed with a mail and phone follow-up while the institution keeps in touch with the obese not only through its activities but also through groups carried out in the suburbs (peripheral groups). PMID- 7275468 TI - Thyroid hormone changes in obese subjects during fasting and a very-low-calorie diet. AB - Total fasting was compared with VLCD (1.28 MJ, 300 kcal/day; 56 g protein, 12 g CHO) in 14 euthyroid obese patients, selected as matched pairs, over a period of 28 days. The weight loss was significantly greater during fasting than during the VLCD (16.5 kg vs. 12.7 kg). The basal metabolic rate of (BMR) showed a significant decrease (25 per cent) during total fasting, but was unchanged with the VLCD. With both diets there was a transient increase in T4, FT4 and FT4I, and a tendency for TSH to decrease. There was a decrease in T3 and a transient increase in rT3. Nitrogen balance was attained in five of seven patients on the VLCD after four weeks. PMID- 7275469 TI - Comparison of weight loss on low-calorie (800-1200) and very-low-calorie (300 600) diets. AB - Conventional food diets of 300-600 kcal (14-20 days) were not as efficient as anticipated in increasing the rate of weight loss in ten obese patients previously given diets of 800-1200 kcal (13-30 days). The greatest efficiency was 76 per cent of the theoretical. The final weights after refeeding the 800-1200 kcal diets (9-14 days) were 0.5-2.0 kg greater than expected to result from the increased caloric deficit, and close to the weights that would have been reached had the 800-1200 kcal diets been continued without increased reduction in caloric intake. PMID- 7275470 TI - A very-low-calorie formula diet (Cambridge diet) for the treatment of diabetic obese patients. PMID- 7275472 TI - The influence of low calorie (240 kcal/day) protein-carbohydrate diet on serum lipid levels in obese subjects. AB - Thirteen adult obese subjects (12 women, one man) were placed on a low-calorie diet (240 kcal = 1.02 MJ daily; mixed protein/carbohydrate) for two weeks. Mean weight loss +/- s.d. was 7.9 +/- 1.8 kg. Total serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were significantly decreased after two weeks. Their ratio was unchanged. The direction of the changes in triglyceride levels was related to the pretreatment levels, subjects with a level below 120 mg/dl showed no change or a slight increase, subjects with a level over 120 mg/dl showed a significant decrease. On a normal diet, as well as after two weeks of caloric restriction, a negative correlation existed between serum Tg and the Tg fractional removal rate (K2IVFTT). The mean K2 value increased during weight loss. On a caloric restriction the relative content of linoleic acid decreased and of arachidonic acid increased in serum cholesterol esters and phospholipids. The relative content of palmitic acid increased in CE. The fatty acid composition of Tg was unchanged. PMID- 7275471 TI - Lipids and lipoproteins during a very-low-calorie diet. PMID- 7275473 TI - Medical complications of severe obesity: importance of treatment by very-low calorie diets: intermediate and long-term effects. PMID- 7275474 TI - Echinococcus granulosus: permeability of hydatid cysts to mebendazole in mice. PMID- 7275477 TI - Interaction between Oesophagostomum columbianum and Oesophagostomum venulosum in sheep. PMID- 7275476 TI - Effects of temperature and glucose concentration on glycogen synthesis in Ancylostoma caninum. PMID- 7275478 TI - Distribution of 14C-L-leucine on organs and tissues of guinea pigs infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. PMID- 7275475 TI - Studies on the transmission of a West African stock of Trypanosoma vivax to rabbits, rats, mice and goats by Glossina morsitans morsitans and G. m. centralis. PMID- 7275479 TI - An approach to the production of helminth antigens in vitro: the formation of hybrid cells between Fasciola hepatica and a rat fibroblast cell line. PMID- 7275480 TI - A comparison of Babesia infections in intact, surgically splenectomised, and congenitally asplenic (Dh/+) mice. PMID- 7275481 TI - Rain and the urge to urinate: clinical observations concerning external events, surmounted impulses and repression. AB - During a time of heavy rainfall a number of patients produced dreams, associations, new symptoms and memories, involving sexual impulses expressed through the urge to urinate. Sensory stimulation associated with the rains activated trains of thought that approached previously unconscious contents. The urge to urinate cannot be repressed, but can be surmounted. Sexual fantasies based upon the act of urination may escape being tested against reality by being regarded as surmounted rather than impossible. The connexion with a surmounted, non-sexual impulse permits the sexual one to survive in repressed form, and at the same time creates a point of contact with conscious mental life, leaving open the possibility of elicitation by external stimuli. PMID- 7275482 TI - Psychoanalytic competence. AB - Psychoanalytic competence can be defined as the knowledge and background necessary and sufficient to understand a therapeutic encounter. We can distinguish between normative competence, which belongs to all members of the psychoanalytic community, and privileged competence, which belongs only to the treating analyst at a particular time in a specific clinical situation. The two kinds of competence are frequently confused; as a result, the author of a clinical paper unwittingly assumes that he and the reader share all important information. In fact, the typical piece of clinical writing is largely inaccessible to anyone with only normative competence and because the reader does not have all necessary information, he is tempted to fill in the gaps and clarify the ambiguities with his own private set of meanings. Each paper in the literature runs the risk of generating as many "texts' as there are readers. To prevent this kind of misreading, we argue for the systematic clarification (naturalization) of each clinical encounter to make it accessible to anyone with normative competence. Systematic naturalization provides the link between normative and privileged competence and allows the reader more complete access to the clinical issues at stake. PMID- 7275483 TI - Kernberg's object-relations theory: a critical evaluation. AB - Kernberg's rapprochement between Freudian instinct theory and object-relations theory obscures the differences between these two competing theories without taking any recognition of their differences. Rather, Kernberg uses the language of Freudian metapsychology while at the same time purging it of its well-defined meaning, and he fills the resulting theoretical vaccum with ideas taken from the British school of object relations. In so doing Kernberg avoids any serious discussion of the differing concept of the innate postulated by object-relation theorists as opposed to Freudian theory, and the concomitant difference in the importance these two theories ascribe to the mother-infant dyad. His dismissal of the work of Bowlby, Fairbairn, Guntrip and Winnicott is not based on any scientific discussion of their theories but on the fact that these theories reject Freudian motivational theory. Similarly Kernberg ignores the fact that Freud too had an object-relations theory, but implies instead that Freud never fully worked out this aspect of his theory. Kernberg remains unclear as to what he considers to be the importance of the mother-infant dyad. He presupposes the existence of "internalized object relations", and so he never bothers to explain the origins and motives of how this internalization occurs. Thus his "theory" avoids theorizing about what is the crux of the matter--what is it about the external world that is so important to the infant's nature that it becomes transformed into the psyche and perpetuated for a lifetime so that it influences subsequent object interactions and feelings about oneself. PMID- 7275484 TI - Temporal levels and reality testing. AB - Psychoanalytic practice has tacitly assumed the existence of an absolute and objective temporal matrix in which physical, biological and psychological processes take place and to which the subjective time of the patient in therapy gets gradually attuned. But psychoanalytic thought does not demand an ontology of absolute frameworks independent of man but only an epistemology in which several visions of reality are traditional. This paper reformulates the concept of time so as to accommodate three demands which appear to be mutually exclusive. The new concept of time (1) eliminates the need for assuming that it is a feature of the world independent of man, (2) retains the advantages of the heuristic assumption that, to first approximation, there does exist an objective passage of time and (3) does not contradict the teachings of other sciences about time. Careful attention to the feeling of the uncanny as it relates to time, together with considerations of the development of the sense of time suggests that our conscious evaluation of noetic time is directed and weighted by unconscious, archaic modes of time perception. These phylogenetically old forms of the sense of reality determine the temporal character of the unconscious. The dynamics of psychic energy invested in the various levels of time seems to determine the rates at which time is experienced as passing. The feeling that time passes at right rate probably corresponds to such combination of perceived causations and temporalities which do not threaten the integrity of the ego. If, because of internal or external danger or physiological dysfunction that balance changes, so does the sense of reality and with it, the affective texture of experienced time. Judged from this perspective, the reliability of reality testing is a measure of the degree to which the patient is able to accommodate the archaic reality of primitive causations and temporalities, lodged in his fantasy, memory and dreams, and integrate them with the ambiguities of human freedom. PMID- 7275485 TI - The final stage of the dying process. AB - The final stage of the dying process is seen as beginning when the split of mental-self and body-self has taken place in the mind of the dying person. Successfully carried out mourning work gives the dying the final experience of giving up his body and of merging into the fantasy world which becomes highly cathected. When dying, the person creates a new combination of his life's experiences which is more truly representative of the reality in face of impending death. The creative outcome in the analysis of the dying person is a unique relationship of communication. In that communication the fear of death on the most regressive level of the dying process, as fear of losing contact with own fantasies as the last link to life, can get a meaningful resolution by offering the possibility of communicating these fantasies to another person in transference. PMID- 7275486 TI - Adolescent breakdown and the transference neurosis. AB - Adolescent pathology should be viewed as a breakdown in the development process, and it is a breakdown which takes place at puberty or during adolescence. It seems that the acute breakdown at puberty is potentially the more serious. This breakdown in the development process is understood in relation to the function of adolescence developmentally, and is linked to the establishment of a final sexual organization by the end of adolescence. Clinically, there are certain problems which are specific to the adolescent patient. Core fantasies in adolescence tell us the direction of the person's psychosexual development and the potential of abnormality. In the transference neurosis of the adolescent patient, the development breakdown has to be re-experienced and re-enacted with the analyst, but it is the core fantasies which contain the clue to the nature of the pathology and to the direction of the abnormality in terms of sexual functioning and of object relationships. PMID- 7275487 TI - Psychic structure. AB - An attempt has been made to define psychic structure in strictly psychological terms. The concept of psychic structure refers to enduring aspects of the personality and to means-end functions that do not have to be created de novo each time one is faced with a similar situation. A psychic structure is a functional organization that generates a range of meaningful contents. Structures are categorical in nature and display relative functional equivalence. The above formulation provides a place for meaning in the theory and distinguishes structured functions from structured contents. The latter are the end product of a behavioural sequence and not centres of action. In this analysis, percepts, thoughts, images, wishes, fantasies, affects and internal objects are contents, not dynamic systems that make things happen. Only people make things happen, employing operational systems as tools of adaptation. Structure formation transform temporal sequences into the units of experience and action. The spatialization of temporal order fosters the treatment of mental processes as if they occupied space in the mind as a place. This error accounts for the ready confounding of structure and content. The present analysis accepts the traditional definition of psychic structure in terms of function and organization, but without recourse to a physicalistic theory of energy and force. The above analysis was applied to a number of special problems in the theory of structure. Consideration was also given to the concept's range of application, systemic relevance and heuristic value. PMID- 7275488 TI - Notes on the desire for knowledge. AB - The desire for knowledge, which was much discussed by Freud, Abraham and Melanie Klein, had for many years scarcely been mentioned in the analytical literature until it was taken up again by Bion, but from a different point of view. For Freud the desire for knowledge was related to the sexual instinct-it was even called an epistemological instinct although it was never considered to be an instinct in the narrow sense of the word. Abraham and Klein followed Freud, but in her later writings Klein understood the desire for knowledge as part of the defence against anxiety dur to fantasied damage done by the aggressive instincts. In this paper I discussed Bion's contribution to the psychoanalysis of knowledge in detail and illustrated it by clinical examples. Bion restricts the concept of knowledge to what is knowable and knowledge can only be an approximation to the truth. Interpretations make the truth knowable. The desire for knowledge of the truth is for Bion elementary and necessary for mental health. This view, although different from, is not dissimilar to, Freud's who described the compelling nature of the desire for knowledge as an epistemological instinct. PMID- 7275490 TI - The nature of the transactions that enhance the progressive phases of a psychoanalysis. AB - The nature of the analysand's progressive responses to interpretative statements is discussed. Emphasis is placed upon two types of verbal transactions. In the first, the analyst encourages or challenges the analysand to take the risk of intentionally elaborating language to answer the question of what it is he is experiencing, the "what" representing the language which denotes the "it" of archaic, unarticulated experiences of desire and anger. In the second, the analyst suggests a new, more flexible, broader causal sequence or context for events, one that links the events of desire and anger with prior and subsequent events, using conjunctives such as "because" to make these links. There is an interdependence between the two types of transactions but the first is considered to be the more significant in effecting meaningful changes in neurotic individuals. PMID- 7275489 TI - A metapsychology put to the test of anxiety. AB - The problem of anxiety allows us to test the validity of our metapsychological conceptions. Fear as an adaptive reaction to danger, should be sharply distinguished for anxiety. Fear as such is not present in the infant. Anxiety is the primary phenomenon. It is the result and the translation of the internal attack by the free drive-energy, whose achieved shape is the so-called death drive. Both "life-drive" and "death-drive" are of sexual nature, but the later operates according to the purest primary process, whereas the former, cathexes more or less stable objects and, in the first place, the own ego. Anxiety, then, is the impact of destructuration produced on the ego and its objects by the drive attack; it is the irreconcilable ego-dystonic residue of sexual desire. PMID- 7275491 TI - Psychoanalytic interpretation and cognitive transformation. AB - Psychoanalytic metapsychology should be recognized for what it is, namely a theory of cognition and affect that is not derived directly from clinical data but is advanced in order to provide the development background that will let us deal with the clinical findings of psychoanalysis as aberrations of and deviations from the normal and expected evolution of the thinking process. Its cornerstone is Freud's belief that thought depends on the forging of links between the sensory perception of objects and their appropriate verbal descriptions. He made no secret of his dissatisfaction with his metapsychology and repeatedly revised it in an attempt to encompass those clinical discoveries of psychoanalysis that outstripped the explanatory power of that metapsychology and demonstrated its shortcomings. Using what we now know about normal development in infancy and childhood through the work of Piaget, Vygotsky and other investigators, it is possible to formulate an explanatory theory that does justice to the varied and complex findings uncovered by the application of the psychoanalytic method. For example, the significance of Freud's postulated second censorship between the preconscious and consciousness, as well as the importance of the defence of disavowal that Freud emphasized in his writings after 1927, can now be accounted for with a theory of thought formation that was not available to the founder of psychoanalysis. The implications of this proposed reformulation for psychoanalytic interpretation and for the application of psychoanalysis to an increasingly wide range of psychopathology is discussed in some detail. PMID- 7275492 TI - Melanie Klein's metapsychology: phenomenological and mechanistic perspective. AB - Freud's metapsychology is the subject of an important debate. This is over whether psychoanalysis is best construed as a science of the natural science type or as a special human science. The same debate applies to Melanie Klein's work. In Klein's metapsychology are two different and incompatible models of explanation. One is taken over from Freud's structural theory and appears to be similarly mechanistic. The other is clinically based and phenomenological. These two are discussed with special reference to the concepts of "phantasy" and "internal object". PMID- 7275493 TI - Modes of "cure" in psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy. AB - Three therapeutic modalities are defined in terms of the analyst's level of listening, formulating, intervening, validating, and relating. These are identified as working with (a) manifest contents, (b) Type One derivatives (isolated inferences from the patient's material), and (c) Type Two derivatives (material organized around the prevailing precipitant or adaptive context-as a rule, the analyst's attitude and interventions). The curative factors in the first two modes of therapy are conceptualized as barrier systems designed to seal off the most pertinent and chaotic truths within both patient and analyst. The curative elements in the third mode is seen in terms of dynamically truthful realizations providing access to the most compelling actualities, both conscious and unconscious, within the ongoing, spiralling communicative interaction between patient and analyst. The development of these ideas are traced out, and necessary concepts defined, and illustrations are drawn from the literature and discussed. The implications of these proposals are then considered. PMID- 7275494 TI - In search of a loving father. AB - With the help of clinical material obtained from two male patients in therapy at the same time, the concept of the loving father is examined. Both patients presented with a fear of being homosexual. It gradually became clear during the therapy that both of them were searching for a loving father. It is suggested that the role of the loving father is the capacity to accept that it is the baby's right to bring to him all its needs, wishes, fantasies and feelings but not to expect the baby to deal with his own mainly unconscious needs, wishes, fantasies and feelings that are inappropriate to that relationship. It is further suggested that this is one of the qualities possessed by the good-enough pre oedipal father. PMID- 7275495 TI - Referring to the unconscious: a philosophical critique of Schafer's action language. AB - Schafer's attack on metapsychology and his attempt to erect an alternative to it depends on a strategy of replacing other sources of agency (for example, introjects, the superego, resistance, the emotions, and so on) by translating these terms into discourse about the person. This process of elimination appears to leave the person as sole agent who acts for reasons and who is not acted upon by these fragmentary psychic agents which, rather, are viewed as aspects of the person's own activity. However, the concept of the person is inadequate for the purpose. Conceptually, it is confused because its sphere of application cannot be circumscribed, and because the "translation" of unconsciously-determined acts is only metaphorical. Empirically, "the person", regarded as general explanatory theory applicable to all behaviour other than that which is biologically or reflexively induced, cannot cope with commonplace clinical phenomena. The scheme of Schafer's argument makes it appear that there are few alternatives to the kind of redescription he advocates, but an examination of his treatment of the emotions reveals that the philosophical assumptions underlying his argument profoundly restrict the range of psychological questions which may be asked and the kind of psychoanalytic theory which might be constructed. PMID- 7275496 TI - Ego ideal functions and the psychoanalytical process. PMID- 7275497 TI - A tic, a dream and the primal scene. AB - The analysis of a tic and a dream stimulated by the primal scene is described. The tic and the dream represent efforts exerted by the patient's hard-pressed developing ego to master the effects of overstimulation. Urethral and faecal incontinence, constipation, faecal impaction and finally enema administration, detail the assault upon his sphincters. Fantasy formation, a sleep disturbance, and a hypnoid state are other consequences related to this traumatic event. The importance of childhood conceptions of bodily functioning and the integration of these notions with the fantasies fostered during phase specific developmental conflicts is described. The re-evoked pre-oedipal and negative oedipal themes of adolescence are explicated and reworked. In this way the early traumatic events were refashioned during the course of the patient's analysis as his symptom and dream were progressively clarified and finally understood. PMID- 7275498 TI - Repetition, mourning and working through. PMID- 7275499 TI - Multiple personality: psychoanalytic perspectives. AB - Multiple personality, which played a central role in psychiatry and psychology in the era of Janet and Prince, also attracted the interest of Freud and Breuer, and was utilized by Freud as a model for some of his early formulations. Later, with his distancing from Breuer and rivalry with Janet, and with the growing emphasis upon repression at the expense of dissociation. Freud's interest in multiple personality diminished. This change is reflected in the relative neglect of the topic in psychoanalytic literature. It is suggested, however, that psychoanalysis needs and is able to deal with this phenomenon, and several contributions are suggested as potential foundations: Freud's later thought on identification and on splitting; Fairbairn's work on object relations and ego splitting, which may be recast in terms of the representational world; Kernberg's writings on borderline personality organization; and Kohut's formulation of 'the vertical split'. Three recent cases of multiple personality are presented, and an attempt is made to analyse their development and dynamics. Severe deficits in mother child relationship are evident in all three, and are seen as the primary source of splitting. An intense and unresolved compensatory oedipal involvement, followed by loss, leads to the open appearance of the split. The separate 'personalities' represent complex crystallizations of part object representations which evolve into split self representations. In view of the developmental arrest which can be observed, the therapeutic strategy suggested is not based on confrontation and interpretation of the distortions and denial involved, but rather on developing faulty ego functions and empathically strengthening the fragmented self. PMID- 7275502 TI - On the beginning of mental life in the foetus. PMID- 7275503 TI - A clinical study of a defensive organization. PMID- 7275500 TI - The technical use, and experiencing, of dreams. PMID- 7275501 TI - Developmental aspects of the interaction between narcissism, self-esteem and object relations. AB - This paper reviews the history, within psycho-analysis, of narcissism and shows that it cannot be understood as a unitary concept. This is reflected in much of the extensive literature on the topic. The definition of narcissism solely in terms of the libidinal drive cathexis of the self representation is rejected. Instead, narcissism is defined as the sum of the positively-coloured feeling states attached to the self-representation. By pursuing a developmental investigation of narcissistic and opposing phenomena, the multiple sources which contribute to or detract from the overall level of self-esteem are demonstrated. Such an investigation clarifies the close relationship between the concepts of self-esteem, well-being and narcissism, and differentiating definitions are put forward. The term 'counter-narcissistic' is introduced to denote the negative contributions to self-esteem which detract from the narcissistic input. The interplay between the contributions to the overall quality of self-esteem, deriving on the one hand from somatic and instinctual drive sources, and on the other from object relationships, exemplifies the multiple origins of its qualities at any one time. This interplay is pursued through the sequential developmental phases from infancy to the oedipal level in order to show the complex epigenesis of narcissism, counter-narcissism and self-esteem. PMID- 7275504 TI - A. H. Esman on enuresis; a functional equivalent of a fetish. PMID- 7275505 TI - Ischemic diseases of the large intestine. AB - The blood flow within the walls of the digestive tract must be sufficient to maintain its structural and functional integrity. All episodes of vascular insufficiency cause ischemic damage to the organ and carry the threat of diffuse or focal necrosis. Certain forms of ischemic colitis or proctitis arise from episodes of reduced peripheric or splanchnic blood flow; indeed, those which do not culminate in necrosis of the colonic wall are more frequently caused by hemodynamic disorders than by vascular occlusions. The crisis is often mitigated by the development of collateral circulation; this is, however, of rather poor quality so patients become very vulnerable to subsequent slight changes in cardiac output. Necrotic, gangrenous ischemic colitis arises from a combination of occlusive damage to the arteries and general hemodynamic disturbances. The vascular insufficiency may be slight or severe, temporary or long-lasting, localized or diffuse. In addition, the attack occurs in a septic medium in the presence of abundant microbial flora which may be highly pathologic. Thus infection complicates and aggravates the ischemic damage, resulting in the gangrenous aspect of the lesion tending to hide its ischemic origin. Indeed, the variability of the manifestations of the disease in one of its primary characteristics, and is a function of the different causative factors. A knowledge of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the splanchnic circulation and its hemodynamics is essential for a full appreciation of the diagnosis and treatment of the disorders, and for the adoption of the aggressive approach necessary to improve the poor prognosis of ischemic diseases of the colon and rectum. All treatment should be based on 1) constant, prolonged intensive care; 2) precise monitoring of any change in status; 3) rapid excision of any necrotic (often gangrenous) tissue. Ischemic colitis is most likely to occur in elderly patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, but can also affect younger individuals. It is a frequent, potentially lethal, entity. Although it can be classified as a separate disease on the basis of its clinical, radiological and anatomical characteristics, it is often confused with other disorders of the colon. Although the abdominal surgeon is most likely to be concerned with this disease, the vascular surgeon incising the lower aorta should always be on the look-out for segmentary ischemia of the distal colon which may occur following operation. PMID- 7275506 TI - Follow-up results of surgical treatment in cancer of the colon. PMID- 7275508 TI - Traumatic rupture of the spleen. AB - Sixty-three cases of traumatic rupture of the spleen were analyzed. The patients were admitted to our hospitals during the last 24 years and there has been a steady increase in the numbers seen. The great majority of these cases resulted from road traffic accidents, and 33% of the patients had multiple injuries. Most were in the second and fourth decades; males outnumbered females by nearly four to one. Associated injuries, which occurred in 33% of cases, significantly raised the mortality. The mortality was also higher in the older age group and in those patients who had multiple injuries and were severely shocked on admission. Difficulty and delay in diagnosis occurred particularly in the unconscious patients and also in those in whom shock was not apparent, particularly when abdominal signs were late in developing. Treatment by resuscitation and splenectomy was used routinely and our overall mortality was 17.5%. Complications were frequent, the most serious being gastrointestinal and respiratory. A long term follow-up showed that the great majority of patients have done well. There has been no evidence of an increased infection risk following splenectomy, and all but a few patients were able to return to their former sporting activities. PMID- 7275507 TI - The etiological factors in 73 cases of acute pancreatitis. AB - Seventy-three cases of acute pancreatitis were studed in detail to determine the pattern and etiology in an alcohol free community. The majority of cases were found to be of the interstitial edematous type. For religious, cultural and legal reasons there were no true alcoholic cases. Over half (38) were of biliary origin. The remaining 35, at first described as "idiopathic" on admission, were carefully studied for the possible etiological factors. It was found that eight were attributable to steroids, 15 to estrogens and nine to tetracyclines and only three cases were described as "idiopathic". The criteria and reasons for their identification are reviewed. The author recommends careful study and monitoring of all cases termed idiopathic, as well as a high index of suspicion in patients receiving steroids, estrogens or tetracyclines, if they develop abdominal pain. It is advisable to avoid estrogens in cases of hyperlipidemia. The term iatrogenic pancreatitis should be applied to these cases. PMID- 7275509 TI - Carcinogenic effect of 1:3 propane sultone. AB - Eighty animals were administered propane sultone in either single or multiple doses. The skin lesions at the site of injection were due to necrosis, ulceration, destruction of the underlying muscle and varying grades of fibrosis. In 13 rats pseudosarcomatous changes were seen, the duration of which varied from 21 to 25 weeks after the first injection. Systemic examination revealed neoplastic pulmonary lesions in 17 rats that had been injected with propane sultone 21 to 25 weeks previously. The malignancies varied from adenocarcinoma to anaplastic carcinoma. Malignancy of lungs is here reported for the first time. PMID- 7275510 TI - Endobronchial metastasis from breast carcinoma. AB - A case of endobronchial metastasis from breast cancer is presented. The anatomopathological findings suggested the presence of another primary site with metastatic pleural effusion. It is imperative, however, to consider intrathoracic metastasis in patients with breast carcinoma and presenting symptoms such as cough, dyspnea with radiological findings of pulmonary nodules, pneumonitis, atelectasis, pleural effusion and hilar lymphadenopathy. Endobronchial metastasis is extremely rare: it may be the result of carcinomatous emboli through the blood stream or direct invasion of the bronchus by the adjacent carcinomatous lymphadenopathy. Pleural effusion in patients with intrathoracic metastasis does not necessarily evidence pleural metastasis. PMID- 7275511 TI - Postoperative acalculous cholecystitis. AB - Two cases of acute acalculous cholecystitis occurring after major surgical procedures unrelated to the biliary tract are described. Symptoms are usually masked by postsurgical pain. Gangrene and perforation usually occur; this explains why the mortality rate is high. Awareness of this complication is essential; it leads to the early performance of cholecystostomy or cholecystostomy, lifesaving procedures. PMID- 7275512 TI - Rupture of the liver as a complication of pre-eclampsia: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7275515 TI - Perforation of the sigmoid colon by swallowed chicken bone: case reports and review of literature. AB - Two hundred and ninety-eight cases of intestinal perforation due to foreign bodies have been reported so far. The majority of perforations occur at narrowings and angulations. In the cases reported by McPherson, 83% of the perforation occurred in the ileum. It is more common in the elderly who wear dentures, in the mentally infirm and in chronic alcoholics. We present three cases of chicken bone perforation of the sigmoid colon with three different clinical manifestations: 1) Sigmoidovesical fistula: 2) Acute surgical abdomen; 3) Inflammatory mass. All the patients were elderly and wore dentures, which cover the important sensory area of the palate, allowing foreign bodies to pass down the gullet without being noticed. The first patient, who had a sigmoidovesical fistula, was treated with proximal colostomy and repair of the fistula. The second patient had generalized peritonitis and was treated with exteriorization of the sigmoid colon. The sigmoid colon of the third patient, who had an inflammatory mass, was resected. One patient (Case 1) died as a result of portal pyemia; Case 2 developed jaundice due to portal pyemia, but recovered; and Case 3 had an uneventful recovery. PMID- 7275513 TI - Surgical management of duodenal injury. AB - Seven patients with duodenal injuries following penetrating or blunt upper abdominal trauma are presented. In five, debridement, primary closure and drainage were performed; the postoperative course was uneventful. One other patient developed complications as a results of multiple trauma not directly related to duodenal injury. The seventh patient suffered from duodenal and small bowel fistulas, which closed after prolonged nonoperative treatment. All patients survived. Early diagnosis through accurate exploration and appropriate surgical interventions is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality in cases of serious insult to the duodenum. Debridement, primary closure (transversely in two layers) is the surgical treatment advocated. Gastroenterostomy is not recommended. PMID- 7275514 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the large intestine, excluding the rectum. AB - Thirty-nine cases of leiomyosarcoma of the large intestine, excluding the rectum, have been collected and one original case has been added. The age of subjects ranges from one day to 78 years; sex distribution is almost equal. Only two cases of this disease have been reported in Negroes in the literature. Symptoms and physical findings are pain, palpable asses, and melena. Patients are frequently anemic. X-ray studies give diverse findings. Both regional and distant metastases have been noted. Therapy is usually surgery. The prognosis is guarded: only three patients have survived five years. Almost two-thirds of the patients die within one year. PMID- 7275518 TI - Preoperative arterial occlusion in renal tumors: 3 years experience. AB - The authors describe their experience in preoperative embolization of 42 renal neoplasms. In all cases but one Gelfoam has been used for arterial occlusion with just a few and transient complications. Good hemostatic effect and decollement have been obtained irrespective of the diameter and vascularization of the tumor. To avoid late decollement difficulties and reduce the duration of clinical sequels the authors prefer, at present, to resort to surgery within 24 hours of embolization. PMID- 7275516 TI - Fibrosarcoma of the vulva: case reports and discussion. AB - Three cases of fibrosarcoma of the vulva are reported. In two, surgical resection resulted in remission lasting over four years. In the third case, presenting with metastasis of the lung and liver, the patient died without surgery having been carried out. The low mitotic index found in the first two cases seems to lead to a favourable prognosis, whereas the inferior vulvar localization found in the last case seems to be more dangerous because of its diffusion into the paravaginal space. PMID- 7275517 TI - Local hypothermia in surgery on poorly functioning kidneys. PMID- 7275519 TI - Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic possibilities by urography, arteriography, scintigraphy and pharmacophlebography in traumatic lesions of kidney parenchyma in dogs. AB - Traumatic lesions of kidney parenchyma, not penetrating into the renal collective system, are the most frequent kidney traumas in man. The absence of typical clinical symptoms and the inability of comparing radiological investigations with the actual state are strongly limiting the diagnostic possibilities. The object of the present work has been to give a comparative evaluation of urography, arteriography, scintigraphy and pharmacophlebography in 22 dogs in which lesions of kidney parenchyma were performed operatively. From this work it follows that pharmacophlebography is of the greatest value because it detects traumatic lesions of the parenchyma in 80-100%. This method carries no risk even at an early period of kidney lesion, and does not lead to late changes in the parenchyma and kidney vessels. PMID- 7275520 TI - Therapeutic embolization of polycystic kidneys. AB - In two patients with end-stage polycystic kidneys suffering from severe and protracted hematuria recourse was made to therapeutic renal embolization. Hematuria stopped immediately, never to appear again, whilst recanalization of the arterial renal circulation was observed later. Since the therapeutic embolization of kidneys in patients with end-stage uremia is exceedingly risky and, therefore, unadvised, it is regarded only in the case of a bleeding polycystic kidney as implementable and more effective than nephrectomy. PMID- 7275521 TI - Bivalve nephrotomy in the management of staghorn calculi in the solitary kidney. PMID- 7275523 TI - Foreign body induced chronic abscess imitating cancer of the bladder wall. PMID- 7275522 TI - Malakoplakia of kidney and urinary tract. Report of a case of fatal outcome. PMID- 7275524 TI - Thyroid function in patients with acute renal failure. AB - Thyroid function was evaluated in a group of 36 patients with acute renal failure (ARF) during the oliguric/anuric, polyuric and postpolyuric phase. Serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were significantly decreased in the oliguric/anuric phase, as compared with the mean values obtained in the post-polyuric phase and with controls. In contrast to T3 and T4, the concentration of serum reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) was elevated in the oliguric/anuric phase and normal in the polyuric phase. The sephadex-T3-binding index (T3I) was significantly increased in oliguric/anuric patients and in the polyuric phase. The levels of serum thyreotropin were significantly elevated during all phases of ARF as compared with the controls. From the results obtained it is concluded that abnormal peripheral metabolism of T4 seems to be the primary cause of altered plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones in patients with ARF. PMID- 7275525 TI - Hypotonic urine production and sodium chloride intake in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - The production of hypotonic urine was investigated in 20 subjects suffering from chronic pyelonephritis. The minimum urinary osmolality was significantly influenced by the NaCl content in the diet. Under conditions of low NaCl intake (15 mEq Na/day) the minimum urinary osmolality decreases significantly as compared with the values obtained under normal salt intake, and can reach normal values. The results indicate that the diluting function of the kidneys may be improved by the increase of fractional sodium reabsorption. PMID- 7275526 TI - Detection of glucocorticoid receptors in cultured human trabecular cells. AB - To evaluate potential direct effects of glucocorticoids on the aqueous outflow pathway, the cellular binding of steroids to cultured human trabecular cells was examined. After incubation of cells with 5 to 40 nM [3H]dexamethasone, specific binding (i.e., binding that could be blocked by an excess of nonlabeled steroid) was detected by measuring the total cell-associated labeled hormone. A binding affinity of 5 nM and 60,000 receptor sites/cell were demonstrated with labeled dexamethasone. Incubation of human trabecular cells with 40 nM [3H]dexamethasone for 60 min revealed that 62% +/- 7 of the specific binding was found in the nuclear fraction and 38% +/- 3 was in the cytoplasmic fraction. In competition studies, dexamethasone had a higher affinity for these sites than cortisol, which in turn had a higher affinity than progesterone. These studies suggest that functional glucocorticoid receptors are present in human trabecular cell cultures. Therefore it is possible that a direct action of glucocorticoids on trabecular cells could contribute to the decreased outflow facility observed in steroid glaucoma. PMID- 7275527 TI - Human lens epithelium in normal and cataractous lenses. AB - Epithelial cell appearance and cell size were studied in intact, unfixed, and unstained human lenses. Ten normal and 24 cryoextracted senile or presenile cataractous lenses, all with subcapsular cataract, were examined. The cell size of the transparent normal lenses showed little variation. However, in the cataractous lenses, a wide range was found in mean cell size of different lenses and variation in cell size within the individual lenses. No correlation was observed between cell size and degree of subcapsular cataract or combination of cataract type. PMID- 7275528 TI - In vivo aqueous humor oxygen tension--as estimated from measurements on bare stroma. AB - Aqueous humor oxygen tension of the in vivo rabbit eye was estimated by a relatively atraumatic procedure. The anterior corneal surface of the eye was first scraped free of its epithelial layer. A polarographic oxygen electrode was then used to measure the oxygen tension at the bare stromal surface. Aqueous humor oxygen tension can be estimated from this measured steady-state stromal surface oxygen tension by correcting the measured oxygen tension for the tension drop across the stroma and endothelium. When animals breathed room air (155 mm Hg oxygen tension), the oxygen tension of the aqueous humor was 13 mm Hg; this rose to 150 mm Hg when the inspired oxygen tension was 713 mm Hg. PMID- 7275530 TI - Effect of hypoxia on the maintained firing rate of retinal ganglion cells. AB - The effect of systemic hypoxia on the maintained firing rate (MFR) of single retinal ganglion cells has been measured in the cat at a constant luminance level. Systemic hypoxia was produced by reducing the percentage of oxygen in the respiratory mixture under forced ventilation so that arterial PCO2 and pH were constant. Extracellular recordings were obtained from both X and Y retinal ganglion cells before, during, and after systemic hypoxia, with each cell acting as its own control. The MFR was unaltered by arterial PO2 levels of greater than 45 mm Hg. However, at and below this level of hypoxia the MFR was reversibly increased in 67% of the cells tested. Whether or not this increase occurred was independent of cell type or location. For arterial PO2 values of 24 to 34 mm Hg the initial increase in MFR was followed by a decrease for these cells; for PO2 values of less than 24 mm Hg the MFR showed a large initial increase followed by a complete cessation of firing. The remaining 33% of cells displayed only reduced MFR during hypoxia. The results indicate that ganglion cell function may be drastically affected by hypoxia. This may be relevant to the visual loss of a variety of retinal disorders. PMID- 7275529 TI - An animal model for cicatrizing trachoma. AB - An animal model of cicatrizing trachoma was developed in cynomolgus monkeys. This model is consistent with our hypothesis that repeated ocular inoculation of Chlamydia trachomatis, BOUR strain, mimics the repeated reinfection that occurs naturally in endemic human trachoma. A chronic follicular conjunctivitis developed, and scarring later appeared in the superior tarsal conjunctiva. The organism was reisolated after the infection and was also demonstrated cytologically. Specific antichlamydial antibodies of both the IgM and IgG types appeared in the sera of the monkeys. Histopathologic examination of conjunctiva showed a marked lymphocytic response and the presence of germinal centers; areas of conjunctival scar tissue were also examined. Efforts to produce a similar model in rhesus monkeys were less successful. PMID- 7275531 TI - Pattern evoked potentials in awake rhesus monkeys. AB - The pattern evoked potential (EP) in man to checkerboard stimulation has been shown to consist of various components originating in different regions of the visual cortex. Surface recordings, however, cannot unambiguously localize the sources of these components; for precision, depth recordings seem to be indicated. Considering the close correspondence in cortical architecture to man, rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) seem to be a suitable animal for such experiments. However, Padmos et al. demonstrated that in monkeys anesthetized by pentobarbital (Nembutal), no pattern EP as found in man could be recorded. The present experiments were carried out to investigate whether the lack of contrast specific EPs in monkey can be attributed to the effects of anesthesia. Four rhesus monkeys were trained to fixate at a television screen on which checkerboard and bar patterns of various sizes could be presented. The results from this study demonstrate that in monkey as in man, pattern EPs can be obtained that can be distinguished from those evoked by luminance variations. Therefore the awake rhesus monkey seems to be a suitable experimental model in the search for the origin of the pattern EP. PMID- 7275532 TI - Contrast sensitivity in anisometropic amblyopia. AB - Contrast sensitivity functions were measured for sinusoidal gratings from a sample of 10 anisometropic amblyopes. A high spatial frequency deficit was found from tests of the amblyopic eyes of all subjects. This defect decreased with spatial frequency and was correlated with the magnitude of anisometropia. Controls were instituted to rule out psychophysical method and residual defocus as possible causes of these effects. At low spatial frequencies, there were small differences between the two eyes. For some subjects, sensitivities of the amblyopic eyes appeared actually higher than normal whereas the reverse was found for most of the others. Additional tests demonstrated that the low-frequency differences could be accounted for by magnification differences (aniseikonia) between the two eyes. These findings are consistent with the idea that monocular contrast deprivation is the causal agent in anisometropic amblyopia. PMID- 7275533 TI - Slow eye movements to eccentric targets. PMID- 7275534 TI - Sodium citrate reduces the incidence of corneal ulcerations and perforations in extreme alkali-burned eyes--acetylcysteine and ascorbate have no favorable effect. AB - Alkali-burned eyes (45 sec, 12 mm, 4N NaOH) were subjected to topical treatment with 10% ascorbate, 20% acetylcysteine, 10% ascorbate together with 20% acetylcysteine, 10% citrate, or Adsorbotear vehicle. Only citrate-treated eyes showed a significant decrease in corneal ulcerations and perforations (17%) compared with ascorbate (88%), acetylcysteine (81%), ascorbate/acetyl-cysteine (100%), or Adsorbotear (75%). In the citrate-treated eyes there was a significantly reduced incidence of band keratopathy (17%) but an increased incidence of hyphema (100%). Both groups receiving acetylcysteine developed acellular corneal caps, the result of peripheral ulceration undermining the central cornea. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were substantially increased at the base of the cap in the acetylcysteine- and acetylcysteine/ascorbate treated eyes at day 56. At the end of the experiment, citrate-treated eyes showed substantially fewer stromal PMN than any other group. These results show that topical citrate has a most favorable effect on the incidence of corneal ulceration and perforation after alkali burning. PMID- 7275535 TI - The ERG in response to alternating gratings in patients with diseases of the peripheral visual pathway. AB - Electroretinogram (ERG) responses to alternating gratings have been recorded in patients with temporary occlusion of the retinal artery, retrobulbar optic neuritis, and other ganglion cell diseases. The ERG responses to alternating gratings were absent in first case and dramatically depressed in the others, whereas the ERG responses to light flashes or to homogeneous flickering light were normal. These findings corroborate recent evidence from studies on the cat, showing that the ERG in response to alternating gratings is correlated with ganglion cell activity. PMID- 7275536 TI - Development of binocular depth perception in kittens. AB - By means of the jumping stand technique, binocular and monocular depth thresholds were measured in kittens 4 weeks to 4 months old. Binocularly, performance improved very rapidly during the fifth and sixth weeks, coinciding with the maturation of cortical disparity-tuned neurons. Discriminations made monocularly took longer to learn and thresholds were consistently poor. The results demonstrate that kittens can use binocular cues for depth at a very early age. PMID- 7275538 TI - Medical nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: I. Physical principles. AB - For over 30 years, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used for chemical analysis and for studying molecular behavior, but NMR imaging is a recent addition to the methods available to radiologists for investigating the interior of the body. It uses radiofrequency radiation in the presence of a magnetic field to produce anatomical cross sections. The images may be simple maps of the concentration of the hydrogen nucleus, or they may depend on tissue relaxation times, which describe how rapidly hydrogen nuclei exchange energy with their surroundings. In this article, the basic concepts and physical principles of conventional NMR spectroscopy are introduced. In subsequent articles, the various approaches to producing NMR images will be outlined, and the types of information obtainable from NMR scanners will be discussed. PMID- 7275537 TI - Epigastric mass in an asymptomatic adult. PMID- 7275539 TI - Successful identification of oligemic lung by transmission computed tomography after experimentally produced acute pulmonary arterial occlusion in the dog. PMID- 7275541 TI - Transcatheter electrocoagulation of the pulmonary artery: an experimental model in dogs for studying pulmonary thrombosis. AB - Transcatheter electrocoagulation (TCEC) has been shown to produce permanent arterial occlusion. This study was performed to evaluate the potential of using TCEC of the pulmonary artery as an experimental model of pulmonary thromboembolism. Fourteen lobar or first-order pulmonary arteries were occluded in ten dogs in the acute studies. Eight pulmonary arteries were occluded in eight dogs that were sacrificed 25 to 85 days after TCEC. There were permanent occlusions in seven, and all seven evidence of pulmonary infarction. The animals tolerated the procedure well. The technique may have merit as an experimental model for studying pulmonary thrombosis and infarction. PMID- 7275540 TI - Photographic unsharp masking in chest radiography. AB - A photographic unsharp masking technique for improving the latitude of chest radiographs without sacrificing image contrast or detail is described. An unsharp mask film, prepared from a scout film of the patient's chest, is placed between the film and the front (entrance) screen in the cassette. A second radiograph then is recorded using technique factors that provide a well-penetrated view of the central mediastinum, etc. The unsharp mask absorbs light from the screen in those areas of the chest that normally are well penetrated, preventing overexposure of these areas and resulting in an improved balance of densities across the chest image. Improvement of contrast by a factor of 2 is demonstrated for mediastinal and retrocardiac structures with no loss of contrast in the central lung fields. Nodule detection studies with a chest phantom and simulated nodules suggest that a single unsharp masked film provides higher nodule detection rates than a pair of films consisting of a normally penetrated and an overpenetrated view, possibly because of facilitation of visual search patterns and contrast/brightness adaptation mechanisms of the visual system. Initial clinical studies indicate that unsharp masking may provide additional useful clinical information. PMID- 7275543 TI - A new type of cross-hatched wedged grid for biplanar serial angiography of the abdomen. AB - In an attempt to obtain an improved image in serial abdominal angiography, two new types of linear and cross-hatched grids were designed, called respectively the wedged grid and cross-hatched type of wedged grid. The grid ratio of the wedged grid ranges continuously from 12:1 to 8:1 from edge to edge. The cross hatched wedged grid is a combination of two grids. The upper part is a linear wedged grid with a grid ratio ranging from 12:1 to 5:1. The lower part is a linear grid with a grid ratio of 5:1. The individual grids are placed at right angles to each other. Hence, the grid ratio of this combination ranges from 17:1 to 10:1. By using the special cross-hatched wedged grid, satisfactory biplanar abdominal angiography can be performed without significantly increasing radiation dosage. PMID- 7275542 TI - Assessment of peripheral blood flow in man by video dilution technique: a preliminary report. AB - Video dilution technique is now available for clinical use in evaluating patients with peripheral vascular disease. The measurements can easily be performed in any modern angiographic suite. The only additional equipment required is a videodensitometer, video tape recorder, and a strip chart recorded. The new technique has been developed and tested in a hydrodynamic model and compared to volumetric flows. Further, the video dilution technique has been compared to electromagnetic flow readings using a canine model to measure the cerebral, renal, splanchnic, and extremity circulation and has proven to be extremely accurate (n = 389; r = 0.99). By applying the technique to patients with peripheral vascular disease, it is possible to evaluate the hemodynamic significance of stenotic lesions and arteriovenous shunts. Other uses of video dilution technique include evaluating the effects of vasoactive drugs and the adequacy of transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 7275544 TI - Biliary obstruction in a canine model: sequential study of the sonographic threshold. AB - Complete occlusion of the common bile duct was surgically created in eight dogs. Sequential gray-scale ultrasound studies were performed with serum bilirubin determinations. Dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary radicles was first recognized sonographically from five to eight days postoperatively (average 6.4 days). The findings indicate a temporal lag between the onset of obstruction and recognition by ultrasound. In the appropriate clinical setting, a delayed repeat examination may be advisable. No correlation between ductal dilatation and serum bilirubin levels was ascertained. PMID- 7275545 TI - New angiographic agents with less fibrillatory propensity. AB - Coronary angiography with Renografin-76 (meglumine sodium diatrizoate, Squibb) lowers the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) significantly and in a dose dependent manner. Recently new contrast materials have been synthesized for possible angiographic use. We compared the fibrillatory propensities of Hexabrix (meglumine sodium ioxaglate, Guerbet), a monacid dimer; Exypaque (Nyegaard; U.S. iohexol, Winthrop), a new nonionic agent; and Amipaque (metrizamide, Winthrop), an older nonionic agent, to Renografin-76 in anesthetized dogs. The VFT following subselective left circumflex artery injections of 370-mg I and 740-mg I doses of each agent was compared to the control (no injection) threshold in 115 paired experiments in 25 dogs. At the low dose, the VFT for Renografin was significantly lower (61.8 +/- 2.3% of control threshold) than that of Hexabrix or Exypaque (69.3 +/- 2.1%, respectively; P less than 0.05). At the higher dose, the differences were more pronounced among Renografin, Hexabrix, and Exypaque (32.4 +/- 1.4%, 65.7 +/- 2.6%, and 59.2 +/- 2.4%, respectively; P less than 0.001). No statistical difference was detected between the latter two agents at these doses in nonischemic dogs. Amipaque was also less fibrillatory than Renografin and equivalent to the other two agents. These newer agents appear to offer enhanced safety for use in angiographic studies in the heart. PMID- 7275547 TI - Physiologic pharmacokinetic model of iopanoic acid metabolism in rats. AB - The kinetics of iopanoate metabolism have been examined using a physiologic and pharmacokinetic model in rats. The kinetics of iopanoic acid concentration in blood and in eight other major tissue distribution compartments have been determined and fitted to computer-generated concentrations based on a well established pharmacokinetic model. The results of these studies in nonfasted, conscious rats revealed that after gastric administration of the contrast material tissue concentrations never exceed 30 microgram/g even in the liver. In addition, a clear-cut enterohepatic circulation of the drug was noted in the experimental setting and had to be incorporated into a computer-generated model to account for differences in the predicted model as compared to the experimental data. Such data point out the importance of knowledge of pharmacokinetics of a drug for development of more appropriate dosage regimens of older compounds, theoretical design and testing of new compounds, or to explain clinically observed drug-related phenomenon. PMID- 7275546 TI - Cardiovascular effects of protamine sulfate. AB - Rapid administration of protamine sulfate after arteriography or cardiopulmonary bypass has occasionally been associated with marked hypotension. Since it is unclear whether this is due entirely to vasodilatation or to myocardial depression in addition to vasodilatation, the authors assessed the direct myocardial and systemic circulatory effects of this drug in seven anesthetized dogs. Direct effects of protamine sulfate on global and regional myocardial function and peripheral arterial resistance were determined in the presence and absence of segmental myocardial ischemia. Effects on the myocardium were determined by intracoronary administration of protamine; effects on the systemic circulation were determined after intravenous administration. Intracoronary administration of protamine caused no significant change in left ventricular contractility in either the normal or ischemic state. Intravenous administration produced hypotension due to peripheral vasodilation. PMID- 7275548 TI - Factors affecting the measurement of size and CT number in computed tomography. AB - Computed tomography scanners may be used to make anatomic size measurement; however, manipulating the viewer controls (especially the window center) can have a significant influence on the apparent size of structures in the image. A special phantom was constructed to study the effect of window center adjustments on the apparent size of lone cylindrical objects (no variation within slice thickness) and also for spherical objects (maximum variation within slice thickness). Using this phantom, the authors were able to identify several commonly encountered situations in which both the apparent size and CT numbers may be seriously in error. It was found that for cylindrical objects larger than about one transverse resolution element and aligned with the scanner axis, CT numbers may be determined accurately; however, the apparent diameter changes by several millimeters as the window center setting is changed. CT numbers for spheres are inaccurate when the diameter is comparable to or less than the slice thickness and, as a result, diameters of spheres cannot be measured accurately with fixed window center settings. Diameters of spheres can be measured accurately (+/- 1 mm) if the sphere is centered in the slice and the full width at half maximum of the CT number profile is used. PMID- 7275549 TI - Validation of a computer-assisted method for estimating the number and volume of gallstones visualized by cholecystography. AB - It is likely that in the near future there will be widespread use of medicinal therapy to dissolve gallstones. The efficacy of medicinal therapy can best be determined by attempting to relate the total surface area of a collection of gallstones to the composition of bile in patients undergoing therapy. Surface area, in turn, can be directly related to gallstone size and number. In this study, involving 48 cholecystectomized patients, we have shown that standard cholecystography, together with a computer-assisted method of metrology, can effectively monitor the above parameters. Determinations of the standard deviation of 1) replicate readings (35.8%) and 2) averaged metrology estimates compared with actual stone volumes (42.9%), as well as correlation of actual stone volumes with averaged metrology estimates (r = 0.961), indicated the magnitude of assessed change in stone volume that would be necessary to accept a roentgenographic decrease or increase in stone size with 95% confidence. Even with the increased precision found in the computer-assisted method as described, to attain a 98% certainty of some volume change it was necessary to have metrology volume change of 50% or more. Actual stone counts were without significant error in 87.5% of the determinations. PMID- 7275550 TI - A new technique for chronic catheterization of female dogs. PMID- 7275551 TI - Soft agar clonogenic assay for primary human renal carcinoma: in vitro chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity testing. AB - Dispersed tumor cells from primary human renal adenocarcinomas showed typical clonogenic growth in soft agar in seven of 31 instances. In vitro chemotherapy sensitivity testing was performed successfully for five of the seven clonogenic tumors. Extensive inherent resistance to the cytotoxic effects of many standard and experimental chemotherapeutic agents were observed. Occasionally, a single drug showed marked cytotoxicity. Similar results were obtained with soft agar clonogenic chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity assays performed on cells from human renal carcinoma xenografts. These in vitro results agree with clinical experience in the chemotherapy of advanced renal carcinoma. It remains to be determined if the sensitivity or resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs of human renal carcinomas noted in vitro reflects the characteristics of the tumors in vivo. Our results show that it is feasible to evaluate the soft agar assay as a method for selecting drugs for individual patients with renal carcinoma, a disease for which no chemotherapeutic treatment can be recommended at present. PMID- 7275552 TI - Amino acids in urine and blood of calculous patients. PMID- 7275553 TI - Renal metabolic changes relating to calculogenesis in an experimental model of calcium containing renal stone formation in rabbits. AB - In histochemical studies it was shown that sulfated acid glycosaminoglycans (AGAGS) were produced and secreted into the tubular lumen in renal papilla, but not in the renal cortex of muddy stone forming kidney. There was no secretion of sulfated AGAGS in renal papilla histochemically during hydronephrosis before stone formation. On autoradiographic study with the use of 45Ca and 35S for labeling of sulfated AGAGS, we found that 45Ca accumulated in renal papilla of muddy stone forming kidney, but not in the other. 35S apparently accumulated into muddy stones. Measurement of calcium content of the renal papilla and cortex proved the results of autoradiographic studies, and measurement of uronic acid in the urine showed increased secretion of AGAGS in the urine from muddy stone forming kidney. From these results it was proposed that the sulfate AGAGS secreted in the urine could bind calcium crystals to each other amd make crystals aggregate massively. PMID- 7275554 TI - Intrarenal surgery, Animal model I. PMID- 7275555 TI - Healing properties of the renal papilla. Animal model II. PMID- 7275556 TI - Effects of various osmotic solutions on membrane properties of smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig ureter. AB - Effects of various osmotic solutions on membrane properties of smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig ureter were investigated using the microelectrode and double sucrose gap methods. In Krebs solution, the mean membrane potential was 53 mV, chronaxie was 104 msec, length constant of the tissue was 1.03 mm, time constant of the membrane was 65.8 msec, and conduction velocity of excitation was 19.2 mm per sec. Hyperosmotic solution (1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 times the normal osmolarity) depolarized the membrane, generated the spike activity, reduced the length constant of the tissue, increased the time constant of the membrane, prolonged the chronaxie, and reduced the conduction velocity. Hyposmotic solutions (0.85 and 0.67 times the normal osmolarity) produced opposite changes on the passive and active characteristics of the membrane compared to findings in hyperosmotic solution except that the time constant of the membrane was increased in both hyper- and hyposmolar solutions. Increase in the time constant of the membrane and reduced length constant of the tissue in hyperosmotic solution can be explained by an increase in the internal resistance, including the cell to cell junctional resistance and shrinkage of the cell diameter (from 6.2 to 3.0 micrometer). PMID- 7275557 TI - The diagnosis of obstruction in experimental hydroureteronephrosis. Mechanisms for progressive urinary tract dilation. PMID- 7275558 TI - The blood epididymal barrier to [3H]-inulin in intact and vasectomized hamsters. AB - The net transport of [3H]-inulin into the fluids of the hamster seminiferous and caput, corpus, and cauda epididymal tubules was examined in both intact animals and those vasectomized 10 months previously. Mean isotope concentrations in reproductive tract tubule fluids did not exceeded 10 per cent of blood plasma isotope concentrations during the experiment. There were no significant differences in net transport of [3H]-inulin into any of the tubule fluids sampled. Ten months after vasectomy, the seminiferous tubule, and all regions of the epididymal tubule retain the capacity to exclude [3H]-insulin. Thus in the hamster 10 months after vasectomy, the blood testis and blood epididymal barriers to inulin are intact. PMID- 7275560 TI - The pathogenesis of renal dysplasia. II. The significance of lateral and medial ectopy of the ureteric orifice. AB - Renal hypoplasia and dysplasia may be primary malformations linked to a panureteric bud deformity or result from damage to the developing nephrons caused by abnormal urodynamic pressures, Kidneys with misplaced ureteric orifices were graded, according to histologic criteria, on the hypodysplasia scale. With lateral ectopy of the ureteric orifices with and without congenital urethral obstruction, the grades correlated with specific orifice positions. The grades of kidneys with caudal ectopy of the ureters indicated a more general correlation. Dysgenesis of the bud and nephrogenic mesenchyme may account for the renal hypodysplasia when the ureteric orifice is found to be ectopic. PMID- 7275559 TI - The clinical implications of epididymal levels of tetracycline. PMID- 7275561 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the arrangements of hexon polypeptides in a two dimensional crystalline array. AB - Two distinct profiles of hexon end parts were detected in two-dimensional adenovirus hexon crystalline arrays: (i) hexons displaying three approximately oblong subunits around a triangular hole, and (ii) triangular hexons showing three main subunits with Y-shaped slits in their centers. The rest of the hexons seemed to be approximately ring-shaped with a roundish hole at their centers. Direct examination of electron micrographs and their optical diffraction patterns as well as Markham's rotational integration technique permitted the establishment of the mutual orientation of hexons and of polypeptide subunits within small, distinct parts of the crystalline array. The position of the hexons is such that one of the polypeptide subunits of a given hexon is situated nearest to the two other polypeptides of the neighboring hexon ('one-to-two' linkage system). PMID- 7275563 TI - Incidence and diagnosis of dermatophyte fungal diseases in Cork city and county. PMID- 7275562 TI - Labetalol and renal function. PMID- 7275564 TI - Niemann-Pick disease type B in an Irish family. PMID- 7275567 TI - Hypocalcaemia in a mother and rickets in an infant associated with a Zen macrobiotic diet. PMID- 7275566 TI - Treatment of severe Raynaud's phenomenon with prostaglandin E1. PMID- 7275565 TI - Acute renal failure in leptospirosis. PMID- 7275568 TI - Noninvasive pulsed Doppler blood velocity measurements and calculated flow in human digital arteries. AB - Few quantitative studies of blood velocities and calculated flow measurements in the human digital arteries have been reported due to resolution limitations of existing Doppler instruments. Under carefully controlled conditions, we transcutaneously measured blood flow velocities in the ten digital arteries in the right hand of five male adults (BSA 1.83-2.19m2) with a high resolution 20MHz pulsed Doppler instrument which was calibrated in vitro. A 1.0mm2 ultrasonic transducer was mounted on a 16 gage needle in a stereotaxic apparatus at a known Doppler angle to the vessel flow axis. The sample volume (SV) was adjustable in both range (1 - 13 mm) and length (0.3 - 4.0 mm). In order to obtain a more uniform acoustic field in the SV, the transmitted pulse was attenuated exponentially at a rate consistent with acoustic attenuation in blood. This permitted measurement of velocity profiles and spatially averaged velocities along the sound beam. Deconvoluted calculations of vessel internal diameter (D) and volume flow rates (Q) were made in the 10 different digital vessels. Velocity waveforms were triphasic with positive diastolic flow. In the digital vessels, the average D varied from 0.78 +/- 0.11 to 1.04 +/- 0.05 mm and the average Q from 2.03 +/- 0.92 to 3.71 +/- 0.69 ml/min. For each vessel, Q correlated with body surface area r = 0.80 to 0.91 (p less than .05) with a coefficient of variance calculated from the normalized flow rate (Q/BSA) ranging from 10% to 38%. Flows in parallel vessels of the middle digits were not significantly different. These studies suggest that noninvasive, spatially averaged blood velocity and calculated flow measurements, which are accurate and reproducible, can be made in human digital arteries. PMID- 7275569 TI - Studies on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in folic-acid deficient rats: synthesis of pteroylpolyglutamates. PMID- 7275570 TI - Pre-hospital ambulance utilization of the MAST garment in Honolulu during 1978. PMID- 7275571 TI - [Recurring eruptive penile angiomas]. AB - A patient is described with atypical vascular lesions occurring successively on the glans penis which proved to be capillary angiomas histologically. Some of them could not be differentiated either clinically or microscopically from pyogenic granulomas. Although the lesions had many cytologic characteristics of malignant tissue, they were considered to be examples of pseudomalignancies because of their benign biologic behavior. PMID- 7275572 TI - [Semimalignant" osteoma cutis]. AB - A tumor is reported which originated rom an osteoma cutis and expanded into the surrounding tissue by infiltration and destruction. Histologically, there were no signs of malignancy. In cell culture there grew populations of bone-like tissue with highly active metabolism and negative contact inhibition. Therapeutic trials with diphosphonate are discussed. PMID- 7275573 TI - [Dynamics of lysosomal enzymes in patients with allergic dermatoses before and after high altitude climate therapy]. AB - Lysosome enzymes were measured in patients with allergic dermatosis before and after high altitude climate therapy. The activity of five acid lysosomal hydrolases in the serum of patients with allergic dermatoses before and after 30 days were investigated. In all cases a reduction of the activity of alpha glucosidase was observed. A similar reduction of the activity of beta glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase was observed. PMID- 7275576 TI - [Folliculitis decalvans]. AB - A 58 year-old-male with folliculitis decalvans, a circumscribed chronic purulent folliculitis with subsequent hair loss and follicular atrophia is described. Staphylococcus aureus haemolyticus could be detected in the lesions. Local and systemic treatment with fusidic acid was effective. PMID- 7275574 TI - [Paracoccidioidomycosis in children. Report on 2 patients]. AB - Two clinical cases of paracoccidioidomycosis were described in two children in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Some clinical peculiarities were pointed out with regard to this mycosis in infancy, i.e., its rarity in children, and the absence of lesions in mucous membranes and lungs, which are so frequent in adults. PMID- 7275575 TI - [Neurotrophic ulcerations in the trigeminal region]. AB - A patient with trigeminal trophic syndrome is presented. Neurotrophic ulcerations developed one year after injection of alcohol into the gasserian ganglion. The importance of the trigeminal trophic syndrome in the differential diagnosis to malignant skin lesions, lupus vulgaris and syphilis is discussed. PMID- 7275577 TI - [Facial pomade crust]. AB - In a 33-year-old female patient a pomade crust occurred after using ointments on the face for three years. This phenomenon has only been described in the inguinal or gluteal folds of babies. We therefore suggest the term "facial pomade crust". PMID- 7275578 TI - [Anidrosis hypotrichotica Siemens]. PMID- 7275579 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of Bazin's erythema induratum]. PMID- 7275580 TI - [Maximal chloroquine dosage?]. PMID- 7275581 TI - [Therapeutic use of lasers in dermatology]. AB - Lasers are used increasingly in dermatology. The use of different laser types for various indications is discussed. Nevi and benign vessel tumors, tattoos, condylomata acuminata, hypertrophic scars, and keloids are indications for laser therapy. The application of lasers in the treatment of malignant tumors, such as malignant melanoma or malignant vessel tumors, is discussed. Finally, the stimulating effects of laser light with low energy density on wound healing is mentioned. PMID- 7275583 TI - [Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis]. AB - A 54-year-old Japanese man suffering from disseminated oriental sore with extensive, numerous lesions consisting of nodules, tumors, and infiltrated erythema on the face, neck, trunk, distal portions of the extremities, and the tongue was observed. The disease may have been acquired in China and was characterized by a long incubation period of about 13 years and long duration for over 15 years without spontaneous ulceration, involution, or healing. Examinations revealed normal physical findings and laboratory and immunological results. Repeated animal inoculations and cultures using NNN-medium failed to isolate an etiologic organism. The patient recovered completely following i.v. injections of amphotericin B in a total dose of 880 mg for 1 month. Therefore, it may be conceivable that the disease was caused by a hitherto unknown, variant strain of Leishmania tropica. PMID- 7275582 TI - [Basal cell nevus syndrome with unusual accompanying symptoms]. AB - In a 40-year-old patient with a basal cell nevus syndrome an eruption of multiple basal cell epitheliomas had been induced by the manifestation of a seminoma. Combined incidence of basal cell nevus syndrome and seminoma hitherto has not been reported. Most of the eruptive epitheliomas occurred in the marginal areas of burn scars. PMID- 7275584 TI - [Absolute emission spectra of commonly used UV-tubes]. AB - In this study the problem of absolute energy spectra of commercially available UV light sources was investigated. The absolute intensity of emitted light produced by two UV lamps (Waldmann and Wolff) was determined by means of narrow band UV light interference filters in combination with a research photometer calibrated according to a tungsten band lamp. The intensity of UV-A emitted by Waldmann lamps in a PUVA 4000 irradiation box was 5.5 mW/cm2. The emission of UV-B (280 320 nm) was 0.6% of the total energy. In contrast, the UV lamps provided by Wolff emitted 2.1% UV-B. The importance of exact determination of UV-B light emitted by commercial UV light sources is emphasized. PMID- 7275586 TI - [Pigmented rings]. PMID- 7275585 TI - [Eosinophilic cellulitis]. PMID- 7275589 TI - Neutron activation of sodium in phantoms and the human body. PMID- 7275588 TI - [Precancerous conditions]. PMID- 7275587 TI - [Skin metastasis of stomach cancer presenting as benign mesenchymal tumor]. PMID- 7275590 TI - Removal of inhaled 241Am oxide particles of various sizes from beagle dogs using lung lavage and chelation treatment. PMID- 7275592 TI - A two-compartment model for transport of 131I via the pasture-cow-milk pathway. PMID- 7275593 TI - The radiological impact of 219Rn and its effect on 222Rn risk assessment. PMID- 7275591 TI - Development of lesions in Syrian golden hamsters following exposure to radon daughters and uranium ore dust. PMID- 7275596 TI - An international comparison of 226Ra analysis by the emanation method. PMID- 7275594 TI - A possible association between lung cancer and phosphate mining and processing. PMID- 7275597 TI - "Bumble Bee" CP, a Juno replacement for alpha-, beta- and gamma-detection. PMID- 7275595 TI - An experimental chamber simulating the equilibrium between radon and its daughters in mine air. PMID- 7275600 TI - Use of photographic film to estimate exposure near TMI. PMID- 7275598 TI - Advantages of CaF2 over ZnS in an alpha-particle scintillation detector. PMID- 7275599 TI - Calculated and measured HTO atmospheric dispersion rates within meters of a release site. PMID- 7275601 TI - Hygienic norms for radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in the People's Republic of Bulgaria. PMID- 7275602 TI - The use of Gofman's doubling dose in estimating low-level radiation risk. PMID- 7275603 TI - Concentration of radon progeny in the open air and interiors of Milan and other Italian sites. PMID- 7275604 TI - Radon in houses utilizing stone magazines for heat accumulation. PMID- 7275605 TI - Random errors in radiochemistry: the Lucas emanation method for 226Ra. PMID- 7275606 TI - Estimation of the dose distribution within, and total dose to, the body of an acutely overexposed person. PMID- 7275608 TI - Scientometric study of Health Physics. PMID- 7275607 TI - Hematologic syndrome in man modeled from mammalian lethality. PMID- 7275609 TI - External radiation exposure to the offsite population from nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site between 1951 and 1970. PMID- 7275610 TI - An application of the logistic function to the assessment of risk in long-term radiation exposure using simulated observations. PMID- 7275611 TI - Environmental power-frequency magnetic fields and suicide. PMID- 7275613 TI - The ingestion of plutonium and americium by range cattle. PMID- 7275614 TI - Aging effects of the availability of strontium and cesium to plants. PMID- 7275612 TI - Plutonium suspension from seawater. PMID- 7275616 TI - Assessment of gamma-ray exposures due to finite plumes. PMID- 7275615 TI - Metabolism and dosimetry of 106Ru inhaled as 106RuO4 by beagle dogs. PMID- 7275617 TI - A general model for use in internal dosimetry. PMID- 7275618 TI - A Rem equivalent personnel neutron dosimeter for neutron energies of 1 eV--14 MeV. PMID- 7275619 TI - Phototransfer, sensitization and re-estimation of dose in lithium fluoride TLD. PMID- 7275620 TI - The development of a simple high range skin dose rate meter using a silicon diode as a detector. PMID- 7275621 TI - Commitment, equivalent and collective. PMID- 7275622 TI - New water sampler. PMID- 7275623 TI - Limitations of the ICRU standard tissue spherical phantom for organ dose estimation for highly degraded neutron spectra. PMID- 7275626 TI - Measurement of ThB (212Pb) concentration in amang plants. PMID- 7275624 TI - Time dependence of dose delivered to organs following the inhalation of radionuclides. PMID- 7275627 TI - Retention of uranium thorax burdens in fuel fabricators. PMID- 7275625 TI - The use of Puchel and DTPA for removing 238PuO2 from the lungs of hamsters. PMID- 7275628 TI - Computed effective dose equivalent for neutrons based on the recommendations of ICRP Publication 26. PMID- 7275629 TI - A field method for measurement of radon daughters in air. PMID- 7275631 TI - The effect of freezing on the emanation of radon from uranium ore and tailings samples. PMID- 7275630 TI - A continuous monitor for the measurement of environmental radon. PMID- 7275633 TI - An economical and rapid detector of wipe test contamination at a medical center. PMID- 7275632 TI - Application of cyclohexane in separation of water from biological and environmental samples. PMID- 7275634 TI - The school health curriculum project: its theory, practice, and measurement experience. AB - The School Health Curriculum Project (SHCP), initiated over a decade ago to provide a health education curriculum package for elementary students, has been widely and variously evaluated. In analyzing studies designed to assess the effectiveness of the SHCP, it was recognized that the measured impact of this project (or any health education intervention) would derive from the adequacy of the theory upon which the program is based, the adequacy of its implementation, and the adequacy of its measurement. Hence, an examination of the theoretical base of the SHCP and its variance in practice was conducted. In addition, a metaevaluation of 24 studies designed to access the effectiveness of the SHCP was completed. Results suggest that the project is effective in influencing health related knowledge and attitudes. A rationale for future evaluation efforts in school health education is subsequently outlined. PMID- 7275635 TI - Society for Public Health Education: survey of membership. AB - The Society for Public Health Education, Inc. (SOPHE), through the Research and Evaluation Committee (REC) of the Tennessee chapter has surveyed its membership to determine characteristics of members, members' opinions of the organization and the benefits derived, usefulness of SOPHE publications, and the most important health education issues and goals. Survey results provide an employment profile of the membership, and indicate the membership benefits which are most valued; they also suggest that the organization's goals and its activities be expanded in scope to include, in addition to other areas, greater attention to health education practice, to planning legislation, to funding, and to cooperation with the American Public Health Association in the general promotion of health education. REC presents recommendations based on these findings. PMID- 7275636 TI - Improving attendance in weight-control programs. AB - This field study evaluated the use of a food dairy as a screening device for admission to a behaviorally oriented weight-reduction program for its effectiveness in improving attendance. All study participants were required (1) to attend an orientation meeting where the program was described and questions were solicited and (2) to pay a $25, nonrefundable fee. During the orientation experimental-group attendees were told that a 2-week food dairy was a requirement for admission to the series. It was expected the experimental requirement would decrease the number of less motivated enrollees, thereby reducing early termination and improving attendance. Keeping the record was in itself expected to modify eating behavior. This would have the effect of adding 2 weeks to the program and, therefore, weight loss at the end of the program was expected to be greater. In general, the hypotheses were confirmed. A smaller proportion of those who had the food-dairy requirement enrolled. a significantly larger proportion of experimental-group women enrollees attended at least three-quarters of the sessions. The attendance records of control-group and experimental-group men were not significantly different. Mean weight loss at the end of the program was greater for those enrolled under the experimental condition. Achievement of a weight loss of at least 8 pounds was found to be positively related to attendance. PMID- 7275637 TI - Channeling health: a review of the evaluation of televised health campaigns. AB - This article reviews efforts to assess the effectiveness of television programs on changing health behaviors. The relatively limited literature to date has featured primarily correlational studies which permitted no causal conclusions. The few experimental studies available present a mixed picture. Numerous methodologic problems beset any effort at assessment of effectiveness. Perhaps the greatest difficulty is operationalizing a design that permits true experimental manipulation on a relevant sample without contamination. The several methodologic problems and some potential means of surmounting them are discussed. PMID- 7275638 TI - Nutrition-education research: an interdisciplinary evaluation and review. AB - An interdisciplinary evaluation approach was developed to analyze and compare school nutrition education programs systematically. Theoretical models from education, preventive medicine, health education and statistical evaluation were applied to 22 studies published between 1968 and 1978 to judge program impact on nutrition knowledge, behavior, and attitudes. Six studies reported XS and SDs for control and experimental groups. Effect sizes, showing average treatment effect in standard deviation units, were calculated for those six studies. It can be concluded that the more interdisciplinary criteria a study fulfills, the more likely it is to influence knowledge, behavior, and attitudes. PMID- 7275639 TI - Mass media in health promotion: an analysis using an extended information processing model. AB - The information-processing model of the attitude and behavior change process was critically examined and extended from six to 12 levels for a better analysis of change due to mass media campaigns. Findings from social psychology and communications research, and from evaluations of mass media health promotion programs, were reviewed to determine how source, message, channel, receiver, and destination variables affect each of the levels of change of major interest (knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, intentions and behavior). Factors found to most likely induce permanent attitude and behavior change (most important in health promotion) were: presentation and repetition over long time periods, via multiple sources, at different times (including "prime" or high-exposure times), by multiple sources, in novel and involving ways, with appeals to multiple motives, development of social support, and provisions of appropriate behavioral skills, alternatives, and reinforcement (preferably in ways that get the active participation of the audience). Suggestions for evaluation of mass media programs that take account of this complexity were advanced. PMID- 7275640 TI - Evaluating patient education: a case study of a diabetes program. AB - This paper presents an evaluation of a diabetic education program for patients at Stephens County Hospital in Toccoa, Georgia. An analysis of covariance is employed along with multiple classification analysis to determine the effect of the program in reducing hospital readmissions. The major finding is that the teaching program is an important variable in the reduction of readmissions. A second outcome is that the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) on initial admission is a second factor in determining readmissions. Patients having the benefit of instruction are less likely to experience readmission than those not being educated; those having DKA are more likely to be readmitted within six months from release than those not having this degree of loss of control. Implications of this study suggest that in designing a diabetic education program, greater attention must be focused upon the needs of the ketosis-prone patients. PMID- 7275641 TI - A framework for optimizing resource allocation for health education programs. AB - Health education programs conventionally are implemented in four sites: school, clinical, occupational, and community settings. One problem encountered by health education specialists, community health planners, and policy makers, is ascertaining the optimal allocation of health education resources to these four settings. This paper proposes a framework to assist in making this decision. The framework incorporates considerations of the target group, the health problem, the desired health behaviors, and administrative aspects of the program, which are broken down into 26 different "criteria", (e.g., age of target group, stage of disease intervention). Each of the 26 criteria has its respective "dimensions" (e.g., age of target group: preschool children, school children, and adults), and each dimension in turn suggests the optimal health education setting(s). An improved understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of implementing health education programs in the different sites will facilitate better coordination between practitioners in school, clinical, occupational, and community settings. PMID- 7275642 TI - Analysis of health education sections of health systems plans. AB - Health Systems Agencies are required by federal guidelines to plan for and provide educational opportunities for residents of their health service areas. A study was conducted of 9 health education components of health systems plans developed by HSAs in Region III. The health education plans were analyzed and scored using the "Health Education Plan Scorecard" developed by Sullivan and adapted by the present authors. Specifically this modified scorecard consists of eight dimensions of the health education planning process: Involvement, Principles and Practice of Health Education, Defining Problems, Setting Goals and Objectives, Recommending Actions, Obtaining Resources, Planning for Implementation, and Planning for Evaluation. Ratings were generally higher on the first five dimensions of the scorecard. The last three dimensions produced lower scores. The overall average score was 41 points out of a possible 100. Thus indicating the general overall low scores received by the plans. The paper includes 18 recommendations to HSAs for improving the quality of health education plans. A key recommendation is that the Health Education Plan Scorecard should be used as a guide and check list during the plan development process. PMID- 7275643 TI - Method and design issues in evaluation of community health education programs: a case study in breast and cervical cancer. AB - Systemic evaluation efforts are often neglected in community health education programs due to lack of financial or technical resources. The utility of including program evaluation at an early state in program development and implementation is demonstrated in this case study of a community-wide breast and cervical cancer education program. A number of methodological issues that the health education practitioner should consider in evaluations of community health programs are identified and discussed including: 1) selection of design; 2) establishing controls; 3) determination of sample size; 4) standardization of instruments; 5) selection bias; and 6) participant attrition. Implications for program development are examined. PMID- 7275644 TI - Dimensions of children's health beliefs. AB - Health beliefs interviews were conducted with 250 children aged 6-17 years. A factor analysis of the items resulted in six correlated factors which were interpreted as 1) specific health concerns, 2) general health concerns, 3) perceived parental concern, 4) perceived general susceptibility, 5) perceived susceptibility to specific conditions, and 6) perceived seriousness of and susceptibility to disease. Factor scores were computed and two-way analyses of variance (by age and sex of child) were conducted on six sets of factor scores. No significant sex differences or sex by age interaction effects were noted. Younger children scored significantly higher on "specific health concerns" and "perceived general susceptibility," while older children scored significantly higher on "perceived parental concern." Tests of differences among variances showed a tendency for the variability to be greater among younger children. The results are interpreted as providing partial support for a model of children's health beliefs and as a basis for further operationalization of concepts which are central to an understanding of motivated health behavior. Implications for practice are discussed. PMID- 7275645 TI - Secondary preventive health behavior. AB - A comprehensive model of secondary preventive health behavior, defined as the use of physician services for preventive care, is constructed which specifies the interrelationships among people's health beliefs, their health status, their accessibility to care, their sociodemographic characteristics, and their use of services. The model is tested by applying path analysis to a household survey of adult residents of Washtenaw County, Michigan. The results support the contention that many factors influence secondary preventive utilization, some principally directly and some largely indirectly through their effects on other variables. Accessibility to care, health status, health beliefs, and sex all directly influence use, while education and age have indirect effects. Income has indirect effects on use which, because they are in opposing directions, cancel each other out. PMID- 7275646 TI - Planning the educational component of a hypertension control program: a case study. AB - The failure to plan the health education component of a health service program together with the total planning effort has severely limited the contribution education could make to program goals. This case study illustrates the use of the systematic observation of behavior to identify factors which facilitated or hindered the development of a hypertension control program in ambulatory facilities and boards of health. The relationship of these factors to the planning process is discussed. Although this project deals with hypertension, the factors identified as facilitating or hindering change are applicable to any public health program. PMID- 7275647 TI - Developing education for children with asthma through study of self-management behavior. AB - Bronchial asthma is the major cause of disability in childhood. Among its effects are impaired levels of physical activity and self-esteem, reduced school attendance and performance, and increased utilization of emergency health services. This paper describes the development of a health education program designed to test the hypothesis that better family self-management of asthma can reduce the negative impact of the disease. Three hundred low income Black and Hispanic families were enrolled in the study. Children and primary caretakers were interviewed separately to obtain baseline data on current levels of self management and to assess needs for educational intervention. Data have been accumulated on a variety of topics concerning asthma self-management, including health practices and beliefs, coping skills, asthma knowledge, and locus of control. An Asthma Self-Management Index was developed to measure positive management behaviors by the family. The needs assessment indicated that six core themes were priorities for these families in terms of relevant skills and behaviors. These topics were incorporated as lesson plans in the intervention. PMID- 7275649 TI - Promoting health through the schools. Lessons from the past, plans for the future. PMID- 7275650 TI - Health problems of children and youth: a challenge for schools. PMID- 7275648 TI - Promoting health through the schools. A challenge for the eighties. PMID- 7275651 TI - Children as a national priority: closing the gap between knowledge and policy. PMID- 7275652 TI - Social Environmental influences on health behavior. PMID- 7275653 TI - Influences of mass media on child health behavior. PMID- 7275654 TI - Organizing for school health education programs at the local level. PMID- 7275655 TI - School health education: does it cause an effect? AB - We have tried to raise several issues in this paper. First, schools are very complex systems. It is as difficult to generalize about schools as it is to generalize about the children in them. Second, because of this complexity, any serious discussion of outcomes resulting from any educational program requires a commitment to specificity in problem identification and planning. Third, the current national interest in health promotion, disease prevention and risk reduction has given rise to a greater emphasis on the principles of epidemiologic analysis. This kind of analysis facilitates a focus on outcomes which are, to varying degrees, contributing factors to specific health problems. Fourth, while there are those who fear that this emphasis may compromise the traditional goals of schools, there is clear evidence that the addition of an epidemiologic cause/effect dimension to school health education is consistent both with the tenets of major educational philosophers as well as the goals of health education as stated by scholars in the field. Fifth, the process of decision-making (the assessment of which is admittedly primitive at this point) represents the bridge across which the science of epidemiology can cooperatively join hands with the art of education toward the goal of enhancing the competence of children and youth. PMID- 7275656 TI - Implementing comprehensive health education: educational innovations and social change. AB - The effectiveness of health education is ultimately determined by whether it is implemented, and how it is implemented. Although a given health education innovation may be designed and experimentally assessed to promote well-being with some measure of effectiveness and efficiency, the actual impact of the innovation will depend upon the manner in which it is disseminated, initiated, and maintained. The implementation of health education programs in schools or elsewhere is a function of the types of innovations available, certain characteristics of those innovations that influence their use, and the manner in which the innovations are brought into practice. This paper has been prepared to review, synthesize, and apply current and relevant information about educational innovations and social change to provide a conceptual base for the design, execution, and analysis of efforts to implement health education in schools. The American system of public and private schools could be an agent vitally important to the realization of a second public health revolution. Indeed, in a democratic society, the implementation of health education in schools seems a condition necessary for such a revolution. By analyzing and learning from our own health education efforts, as well as the efforts of those experienced with implementing other types of educational innovations in schools, we might ensure that future populations are informed sufficiently about factors that influence their health and well-being. PMID- 7275657 TI - Promoting health through the schools: a challenge for the eighties. PMID- 7275659 TI - School health funding sources in the public sector. PMID- 7275658 TI - Realistic outcomes of school health service programs. PMID- 7275660 TI - Hemoglobin Tottori (alpha 59[E8] glycine replaced by valine). AB - A new electrophoretically silent, unstable hemoglobin was discovered in a Japanese family. Isolation of the abnormal chain and chemical analyses demonstrated a previously unreported amino acid substitution, alpha 59[E8] glycine replaced by Valine. The new variant has been named Hb Tottori. PMID- 7275661 TI - Induction of Heinz body formation by sodium dithionite. AB - Incubation of normal erythrocytes with sodium dithionite resulted in the formation of Heinz bodies, but incubation with sodium metabisulfite did not. Addition f superoxide dismutase to the incubation medium increased the formation of Heinz bodies by sodium dithionite. Addition of catalase to suspensions of erythrocytes in the presence and absence of superoxide dismutase inhibited the formation of Heinz bodies. These findings indicate that hydrogen peroxide, not superoxide, is the active oxidant in Heinz body formation. PMID- 7275663 TI - Hemoglobin Lille, alpha 2 [74(EF3) Asp replaced by Ala] beta 2. PMID- 7275664 TI - Hemoglobin Duan, alpha 75(EF4) Asp replaced by Ala, a new variant found in China. PMID- 7275662 TI - Precipitation of oxyhemoglobins A and S by isopropanol. AB - The isopropanol precipitation test is widely used for the detection of unstable hemoglobins. A method for accurately and easily determining the amount of hemoglobin precipitated is described. This study demonstrates that changes in incubation time, pH, temperature, and isopropanol and hemoglobin concentrations affect the precipitation of oxy Hb A and oxy Hb S. Hb S shows greater precipitation than Hb A with increasing time, temperature, and isopropanol concentrations. Both hemoglobins show equal increases in precipitation, with increases and decreases in pH and decreases in hemoglobin concentration. Comparison of the isopropanol precipitation test with the mechanical shake and heat denaturation tests reveals that the mechanical shake test is the easiest method to study the stability of Hbs A and S. Each of the tests may measure different parameters of stability. The use of all three tests in the evaluation of unstable hemoglobins should be considered. PMID- 7275665 TI - HB Shepherds Bush (alpha 2 beta 2 74 (E18) Gly replaced by Asp) in two Italian carriers. PMID- 7275666 TI - Hemoglobin Fannin-Lubbock alpha 2 beta 2 119 (GH2) Gly replaced by Asp in Spain. PMID- 7275667 TI - Binding of beta S, beta C and beta O Arab globins to the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7275668 TI - Hemoglobinopathies in Japan. PMID- 7275669 TI - Hemoglobinopathies in China Mainland. PMID- 7275670 TI - Haemoglobinopathies in Australia and New Zealand. PMID- 7275674 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy with procarbazine, vincristine and prednisone for medulloblastomas. A preliminary report. AB - The survival of 20 children with medulloblastoma who received adjuvant chemotherapy with procarbazine, vincristine and prednisone after resection and craniospinal irradiation is compared with the preliminary results of the Children's Cancer Study Group (CCSG) and the international Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) medulloblastoma studies. Survival with the chemotherapy used in the SPOG study ws not superior to the survival of children who received craniospinal irradiation only. PMID- 7275673 TI - Reaginic hypersensitivity to cow's milk proteins. AB - Seven cases of infants presenting an anaphylactic reaction at their first cow's milk or formula feeding after a period of exclusive breast feeding are reported. Laboratory data are consistent in all cases with an IgE-mediated pathogenetic mechanism. All infants received cow's milk at nursery. The importance of avoiding this practice, by the nursery teams is emphasized, and the unusual close correspondence of clinical and laboratory data is discussed. PMID- 7275672 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid protein levels and blood-cerebrospinal fluid ratio of glucose and electrolytes in infants and children]. AB - The cell and protein content of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the CSF/serum ratio of glucose, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate and chloride were investigated in 71 children without cerebromeningeal illness and aged 0-4 weeks, 5-8 weeks, 3-6 months, 7-12 months, 1-6 years and 7-14 years. The protein content of the CSF was 730 +/- 146 (530-950) mg/l for the age group 0-4 weeks, and 530 +/ 221 (270-950) mg/l for the age group 5-8 weeks. It was significantly higher than for all subsequent age groups. The CSF glucose accounted for 68-82% of the blood glucose. The serum/CSF ratio for sodium ranged from 101 to 104%, for potassium from 55 to 64%, for calcium from 48 to 70%, for phosphate from 24-29%, and for chloride from 106 to 114%. The decrease in serum and CSF potassium and phosphate concentrations from infancy to school age was significant. The greatest difference was evident in the serum/CSF calcium ratio which was significantly higher in the age groups up to 8 weeks than in the subsequent age groups. The electrolyte concentration of CSF with elevated protein and cell values did not differ significantly from CSF of children without cerebromeningeal disorders. PMID- 7275671 TI - [Congenital lymphangiectasis of the lungs (so-called primary and secondary forms) and lymph vessel dilation in hyaline membrane syndrome]. AB - In five cases of congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis, light microscopic features of the lungs and measurements of their lymph vessel lumina are presented. All lung sections show the same histologic characteristics: a network of partly tubular, partly cystically enlarged lymph vessels within large areas of connective tissue. The lung sections in four cases with pulmonary vein outflow obstruction, the so-called secondary form according to NOONAN et al. [28], do not differ from those in primary lymphangiectasis without obstruction in the pulmonary vein outflow area. The author's own observations are discussed together with 57 cases from the literature. Among the 26 cases of secondary lymphangiectasis are 15 children with aberrant pulmonary veins, and 11 children with hypoplasia of the left side of the heart. Clinically, both forms present with neonatal asphyxia and massive respiratory distress, usually with a fatal outcome within the first few days of life. Hyaline membrane disease may be accompanied by pulmonary lymphangiectasis to a degree that renders its distinction from congenital lymphangiectasis difficult. The lungs in 5 cases with hyaline membrane disease are compared to those in 5 cases of congenital lymphangiectasis. In the former, distended lymphatics are primarily interlobular in location, while in congenital lymphangiectasis they are also found in the subpleural and periarterial tissues. In addition, they are widened to a lesser degree than in the congenital form. In the latter the lymphatic vessel walls are markedly thickened, and the pulmonary lesions, particularly the signs of immaturity, typical for hyaline membrane disease, are lacking. PMID- 7275675 TI - Suprarenal abscess in a newborn. AB - A case report of a new born with unilateral suprarenal abscess extending in to the right kidney is represented. Both the adrenal gland and the kidney had to be surgically removed. Early diagnosis is important, so the surgical intervention, the only successful therapy, can be kept as conservative as possible. PMID- 7275677 TI - Echocardiographic growth patterns of intracardiac dimensions and determination of function indices during the first year of life. AB - Cardiac dimensions and left and right ventricular function indices were studied consecutively in 53 healthy newborn babies throughout their first year of life. Cardiac dimensions, except right ventricular (RV) dimension, increase linearly with age, weight and body surface area, the relation being best described as a linear function of BSA. Left ventricular function indices do no change significantly during the first year of life. Right ventricular systolic time interval ratio (RVPEP/RVET) is high at birth, but declines rapidly during the first hours and days. This change is best described as a parabolic function and is an indicator of the physiological fall of pulmonary vascular resistances. PMID- 7275676 TI - Bilateral aplasia of the radius with abnormal hooking of the claviculae and sucrose-maltose intolerance. AB - A girl with bilateral radial aplasia, severe deformity of both hands, club foot deformity and mild anemia is described. Especially remarkable is the edging of the lateral part of the claviculae. At the same time the infant is suffering from a sucrose-maltose intolerance. PMID- 7275678 TI - [Cerebral distress in full-term newborns: method of early prognosis of the quality of long-term survival]. AB - A study on 122 full-term newborns with cerebral distress has given the basis for a mathematical model allowing to calculate the risk of poor evolution due to neurological disorders occurring in the first week of life. For each patient a score on his neurological status is established at 3 or 7 days of age. Only four essential neurological characteristics have to be considered: primary reflexes, convulsions, apathy or swallowing disorders, respiratory disorders. All possible score combinations are listed, and each of them is associated with a risk factor (in percent) for poor evolution. A long-term prognosis can therefore be obtained by simple clinical observation, making a score and consulting the list. PMID- 7275679 TI - Fatal adult respiratory distress syndrome in a scalded child after immunization with attenuated virus (measles, mumps and rubella). AB - A fatal adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurred in a 15-month-old child who had suffered minor scalding during the febrile response to combined attenuated virus immunization (measles, mumps and rubella [MMR]). Despite vigorous efforts the child died 26 days after the accident. It is suggested that the scalding suppressed the normal immune response to the viremia and that the latter (i.e. most likely the measles viremia) caused the lung damage which, in turn, led to the ARDS. Histologically the lung presented a peculiar change with fibroblastic nodules, vessel wall inflammation and signs as observed in ARDS. PMID- 7275680 TI - A general analysis of genetic models with frequency-dependent mating. II. Sexual selection for heterozygotes. AB - Heterozygotes are assumed to mate with a frequency that is any general function, f(v), of their population frequency, v. Models are analysed in which the selection that determines the function f(v) acts either on one sex alone or on both sexes equally. The central equilibrium point v* = 1/2 always exists; it is stable if f(1/2) greater than 1/2. If the central equilibrium is unstable, other asymmetric equilibria may be stable; the fixation states may also be stable. This general analysis is applied to a number of specific models of sexual selection. The models give qualitatively different results. The outcome of selection in population cage experiments could be used to test the alternative models. PMID- 7275681 TI - Clinical hyperthermia and irradiation. Pilot studies. PMID- 7275682 TI - Microwave hyperthermia at 2450 and 915 megahertz frequencies. PMID- 7275683 TI - Glucose metabolism in mouse tumor and liver with and without hyperthermia. PMID- 7275684 TI - Hyperthermia treatment of experimental tumors. PMID- 7275685 TI - Prosthetic treatment in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 7275686 TI - Effects of N-acetylglucosamine on cell surface glycoprotein and cell behavior of glucosamine requiring mutant derived from Chinese hamster lung cells. PMID- 7275687 TI - Closure of the ductus arteriosus in normal and malformed human heart. PMID- 7275688 TI - Legalized abortion and profile of women at New Delhi. PMID- 7275689 TI - The histochemistry of complex carbohydrates in the epithelium lining the ventral prostate of the rat. AB - In the epithelium lining the ventral prostate of the rat, complex carbohydrate containing structures have been studied by means of both light and electron microscopic histochemical methods. According to light microscopy, the free surface and granules of different sizes in the distal cytoplasm of the epithelial cells were found to exhibit positive reactions for complex carbohydrates with 1,2 glycol and acidic groups and sialic acid residues. In addition, secretory substances within the glandular lumen were shown to exhibit positive reactions for similar groups and saccharide residues of complex carbohydrates. In electron microscopy, the surface coat of the plasma membrane, certain elements of the Golgi apparatus and lysosomal dense bodies were found to exhibit positive reactions for glycoproteins with 1,2-glycol groupings. The histophysiological significances of the carbohydrate-containing structures have been discussed with special reference to the known physiological functions of the prostate in the rat. PMID- 7275693 TI - [Transnasal, endoscopical sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis. II. Endonasal operation of the maxillary antrum (author's transl)]. AB - Basing on a biomechanical concept of the surgical rehabilitation of the paranasal mucosa, technique and results of 357 endonasal antrostomies are reported. Particular features were: 1) The establishment of large window in the inferior meatus; with an additional window in the middle meatus, if diffuse polyposis was present. 2) The preservation of the parietal mucosa, while polyps and cysts were removed. 3) The use of a new suction-irrigation-endoscope for optical control. - While satisfactory results were achieved in percentages, at least equalling those of the Caldwell-Luc procedure, the absence of both severe complications and postoperative discomfort classifies the described technique as superior to the transoral approach of Caldwell-Luc. Its indications for all forms of chronic maxillary sinusitis are emphasized. PMID- 7275691 TI - The energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis technique in the study of fluids and tissues of the brain and the inner ear. AB - The temporal bone from the fetal and adult mouse and brain from fetal and adult rat were cryosectioned in a conventional cryostat and -30 degrees C using 16 micrometers thick sections. The elemental composition was analyzed in the fluid filled spaces of the membranous labyrinth and ventricular cavities of the brain. After drying these spaces containing small crystal-like aggregations of material which morphologically differed depending on their elemental composition. This changed during embryonic maturation. The qualitative X-ray analytical microscopy seems to be a reliable method to follow changes in the elemental composition of fluids. PMID- 7275690 TI - Evaluation of vasogenic edema in experimental brain tumors by cathodoluminescence and fluorescence microscopy. AB - Cathodoluminescence and fluorescence microscopy have been used to study vasogenic edema in experimentally induced brain tumors in rats. Both methods are suited for the demonstration of FITC- or TRITC-coupled antiserum, and thus allow the evaluation of serum protein extravasation. Cathodoluminescence is more time consuming and laborious than fluorescence microscopy, but it has distinct advantages: Contrast enhancement improves the differentiation between certain cell types, and the higher resolution of the scanning electron microscope allows the identification of subcellular regions which cannot be recognized by conventional fluorescence microscopy. PMID- 7275692 TI - [From labyrinthitis of the soft part and osteitis of the bony inner ear to osteoplastic epitympanotomy. Part II (author's transl)]. PMID- 7275694 TI - [Multilingualism and speech pathology (author's transl)]. AB - Bilingualism, plurilingualism respectively multilingualism can be associated with pathological deviations. Besides hereditary components, it can be observed that exogenic influences such as cerebral injuries etc, may render more difficult multilingualism or even prevent multilingualism. It is the task of the phoniatry to recognize and to deal with this problem. For example, the following situations were explained in terms of recognition, symptoms, and treatment of the communicational disease via multilingualism from the point of phoniatrical logopaedical view: delayed speech and language development; stammering and dysgrammatism; stuttering; legastheny, and within the framework of hearing disorders. The study is to be conceived as reference for the specialized otorhinolaryngological physician, the problem of multilingualism to comprehend in view of verbal communication disorders. PMID- 7275695 TI - [Double-sided central hearing-loss owing to bitemporal infarct of brain (author's transl)]. AB - Information about a sudden bilateral hearing-loss in form of sudden deafness due to bitemporal infarct of brain. The difficulties of diagnosis of cortical and subcortical hearing-disturbances are presented in detail. PMID- 7275696 TI - Cytotoxic effector cells against HLA antigens in strong linkage disequilibrium: identification of a strong, new CML determinant. AB - Three sets of cytotoxic effector cells were generated against the A1, B8, DR3 haplotype using haploidentical individuals in three different families. The three sets of effector cells generated against this haplotype showed excellent reproducibility testing, strong cytotoxicity against their specific targets, low autologous kill, and segregation with the sensitizing haplotype within the family. When tested against a panel of cells bearing all combinations of the A1, B8, DR3 antigens, a hierarchy of contribution of the individual HLA antigens as CML target determinants was seen. A new strong target cell determinant was identified by cytotoxicity with one of the effector cells not explicable in terms of the A1, B8, DR3 antigens or known HLA cross-reactivity. A family study demonstrated that this determinant clearly segregates with HLA. The success of this approach in defining new CML determinants may result from the generation of effector cells across a single haplotype in strong linkage disequilibrium or from the presentation of CML determinants in the context of self. PMID- 7275697 TI - HLA family studies and multiple sclerosis: A common gene, dominantly expressed. AB - All available Australian families with more than one member suffering multiple sclerosis (MS) were HLA typed. As with all other individual published studies, convincing evidence for linkage between the HLA system and disease was not obtained. An analysis of 100 published affected sib-pairs and 17 cousin-pairs, however, established the existence of an HLA-linked disease susceptibility gene for MS, which is likely to be dominantly expressed. Dominance was also supported by the finding of only three HLA-DR2 (Dw2) homozygous individuals out of 60 unrelated patients which enabled rejection of a recessive gene hypothesis (p less than 0.02). Analysis of the sib-pair data strongly suggested that this MS gene is not rare in the normal population and may be as common as DR2. PMID- 7275699 TI - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease- an overview. PMID- 7275698 TI - A hospital-based survey of radiological sacroiliitis and HLA-B27 and Cw2 in Navajo and Hopi Indians. AB - The frequency of radiological sacroiliitis and its association with HLA-B27, Cw1, and Cw2 were determined in Navajo and Hopi Indians coming to a community hospital. In the Navajo, the phenotype frequency of HLA-B27 was 36% and the frequency of sacroiliitis, 11%. In contrast, among the Hopi, the phenotype frequency of HLA-B27 was 9% and the frequency of sacroiliitis, 4%. Of the Navajo men, who had sacroiliitis and were HLA typed, 83% were HLA-B27 positive. The increased frequency of radiological sacroiliitis and were HLA typed, 83% were HLA B27 positive. The increased frequency of radiological sacroiliitis in the Navajo was felt to be related to the high frequency of HLA-B27 and Reiter's syndrome in this population. HLA-B27, HLA-Cw1, and HLA-Cw2 are known to be in linkage disequilibrium, and about one-half of the men with sacroiliitis from both tribes had concurrence of HLA-B27 and HLA-Cw2. PMID- 7275700 TI - Use of theophylline in bronchial asthma. PMID- 7275701 TI - Spinal segmental dysfunction: incidence in cervicothoracic region. PMID- 7275702 TI - "Cryptic" cavernous cerebrovascular malformation: report of case. PMID- 7275704 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome: a five-year study. PMID- 7275703 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 7275705 TI - Brainstem-evoked responses: their use in clinical otology, ophthalmology, and neurology. PMID- 7275706 TI - Immunologic aspects of liver disease in the alcoholic. PMID- 7275708 TI - Agenesis of the gallbladder: report of a case. PMID- 7275707 TI - Cuterebra myiasis in man: report of a case. PMID- 7275710 TI - Bilateral breast cancer: radiation therapy results and technical considerations. PMID- 7275709 TI - Radiotherapy for eosinophilic granuloma of bone. PMID- 7275711 TI - Histopathological study on the effects of hyperthermia on microvasculature. PMID- 7275712 TI - Combined treatment with radioestradiol-lucanthone in mouse C3HBA mammary adenocarcinoma and with estradiol-lucanthone in an estrogen bioassay. PMID- 7275713 TI - Low vs high dose-rate effects on the acute reaction of pig skin to cobalt-60 gamma rays. PMID- 7275714 TI - Effect of purine nucleosides and nucleotides on the in vivo radiation response of normal tissue in the rat. PMID- 7275717 TI - The relationship between fractionation and total dose for X ray induced brain damage. PMID- 7275716 TI - Patterns of psychosocial response to cancer: can effective adaptation be predicted? PMID- 7275718 TI - Brain tolerance unit: a method to estimate risk of radiation brain injury for various dose schedules. PMID- 7275719 TI - Stage III carcinoma of the cervix treated with whole pelvis irradiation and four brachytherapy applications. PMID- 7275720 TI - The role of afterloading iridium (Ir192) implant in the management of carcinoma of the tongue. PMID- 7275721 TI - Patterns of failure after curative surgery for extra-hepatic biliary tract carcinoma: implications for adjuvant therapy. PMID- 7275715 TI - Radiation therapy dosimetry reviews by the Centers for Radiological Physics. PMID- 7275722 TI - A non-looping afterloading technique for interstitial implants of the base of the tongue. PMID- 7275723 TI - Interstitial volume implants with I-125 seeds. PMID- 7275724 TI - Critique of "adjuvant intravenous methotrexate of definitive radiotherapy alone for advanced squamous cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, supraglottic larynx or hypopharynx. Concluding report of an RTOG randomized trial on 638 patients". PMID- 7275725 TI - RBE values for neutron therapy: a simple method for converting acceptable photon dose to limiting neutron dose. PMID- 7275726 TI - Pineal region tumors: results of radiation therapy and indications for elective spinal irradiation. PMID- 7275727 TI - Inherent cellular radiosensitivity as a basic concept for human tumor radiotherapy. PMID- 7275728 TI - Hydroxyurea revisited: a decade of clinical effects studies. PMID- 7275729 TI - Pure seminoma. PMID- 7275731 TI - Dosimetry under pencil eye shields for cobalt-60 radiation. PMID- 7275730 TI - Routine clinical estimation of rectal, rectosigmoidal, and bladder doses from intracavitary brachytherapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7275732 TI - Activity uniformity of Ir-192 seeds. PMID- 7275733 TI - A simple technique for determining internal mammary chain depth by sonography. PMID- 7275735 TI - Factors for correcting the CRE formula for late effects in normal tissue: how valid are they? PMID- 7275736 TI - Factors for correcting the CRE-formula for late effects in normal tissue: how valid are they? PMID- 7275734 TI - An examination of the consistency and accuracy of computerized brachytherapy dose predictions. PMID- 7275738 TI - Radiotherapy of the lomboaortic lymph nodes in carcinoma of the cervix uteri. PMID- 7275737 TI - Critique of "Malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland". PMID- 7275740 TI - Canine hypothyroidism. PMID- 7275739 TI - Critique of "Microwave power absorption differences between normal and malignant tissue". PMID- 7275742 TI - Welcome to the world of malpractice. PMID- 7275741 TI - Parvovirus infection and distemper vaccination. PMID- 7275743 TI - Traumatic reticulitis in a calf. PMID- 7275744 TI - Tracheal leiomyoma in a dog. PMID- 7275746 TI - Gross income per case. PMID- 7275745 TI - Nasal penicilliosis in six dogs. PMID- 7275747 TI - What is your diagnosis? Abaxial articular fracture of the proximal 1/3 of the medial proximal sesamoid bone and lateral condylar fracture of the distal 3rd metacarpal bone. PMID- 7275750 TI - Anion and osmolal gaps in veterinary medicine. PMID- 7275751 TI - Drugs and the veterinarian's license. PMID- 7275748 TI - Dantrolene treatment of malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 7275749 TI - Anatomy and gastroenterology. PMID- 7275752 TI - Brucellosis testing has a high malpractice exposure. PMID- 7275753 TI - Pseudorabies in a dog. AB - Pseudorabies was diagnosed in a 5-year-old female crossbred dog by histologic examination and virus isolation. The clinical signs were depression, salivation, head pressing, and emesis. There were no gross pathologic findings. The microscopic findings in the brain stem consisted of mononuclear cell infiltrates in the leptomeninges, subarachnoid space, and neuropil. In addition, there were mononuclear cell perivascular cuffs, focal areas of gliosis, neuronal degeneration, and acidophilic intranuclear inclusions in neurons and astrocytes. Other microscopic findings were edema of lungs and fatty change in the liver. The virus was isolated from the brain and tonsils and identified by fluorescent antibody technique. Pseudorabies virus was isolated from pigs on the farm. PMID- 7275755 TI - Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and microphthalmia in a dog. PMID- 7275754 TI - Canine blastomycosis: a review of 47 clinical cases. AB - In a limited retrospective survey, canine blastomycosis was found to be a disease affecting predominantly young, male dogs of the larger breeds. Clinical signs usually related to weight loss and to respiratory and ocular problems. The agar gel immunodiffusion test was helpful in establishing a diagnosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic evaluation of aspiration or excision biopsies. Of 22 dogs treated with amphotericin B, 18 were clinically normal 6 months after initiation of therapy. PMID- 7275756 TI - Development and resolution of radiographic lesions in canine heartworm disease. AB - Thoracic radiography of 7 Beagles was performed before heartworm infection, during a 1-year heartworm infection, and for 1 year following appropriate treatment. Cardiac and vascular lesions on thoracic radiographs were compared with angiographic changes. Within 3 months of obstructed blood flow in the caudal lobar arteries, associated increased focal parenchymal densities were detected. These lesions were regarded as characteristic of heartworm disease. Although the most severe arteriographic changes were in the caudal lobar arteries, lobar arterial changes on a lateral view were best detected in the right cranial lobar artery. These arteries increased in size during infection and decreased in size after treatment. It was concluded that the dorsoventral view is best for evaluation of the caudal lobar arteries. The most marked parenchymal lesions were detected during the first 6 months following adulticide treatment. These lesions and the other radiographic alterations then decreased in severity. Persistence of the parenchymal lesions were related to persistence of heartworm infection. PMID- 7275757 TI - Treatment of middle phalangeal fractures in the horse. PMID- 7275759 TI - What is your diagnosis? Abdominal mass occupying caudal 2/3 of the abdomen and foreign material in the colon. PMID- 7275758 TI - Penicillin and ampicillin therapy in horses. PMID- 7275760 TI - Warfarin therapy in the horse. PMID- 7275761 TI - ECG of the month: a 17-year-old mare with placenta retention. PMID- 7275763 TI - Chronic udder edema in dairy cows. PMID- 7275762 TI - Prevalence of chronic teat-end lesions and their relationship to intramammary infection in 22 herds of dairy cattle. AB - A field study that involved 22 herds of dairy cattle (1,055 lactating cows, 126 nonlactating cows, and 32 heifers) was done to determine the prevalence of teat end lesions and their relationship to intramammary infection. Teats were grouped into 4 general categories: normal teat ends; smooth, chronic ring lesions; rough, chronic ring lesions; and acute teat-end lesions. Only 15.8% of the teats could be classified as normal; 63.1% had smooth, chronic ring lesions, 13.8% had rough, chronic ring lesions, 0.3% had acute teat-end lesions, and 7% could not be classified. The level of intramammary infection was determined for each teat-end classification. Milk samples were obtained from each mammary gland of all lactating cows. The prevalence of intramammary infection in glands with normal teat ends and in those with chronic ring lesions was not significantly different. Glands with acute teat-end lesions and those in cows in which the teat had been traumatized or leaked milk had higher rates of infection. PMID- 7275764 TI - Surgical correction of left displaced abomasum in cattle: a retrospective study of 143 cases. PMID- 7275765 TI - Suspected 4-aminopyridine toxicosis in cattle. PMID- 7275767 TI - Canine heartworm infection in southern California. PMID- 7275766 TI - Bovine lead poisoning from forage contaminated by sandblasted paint. PMID- 7275770 TI - Ischiadic nerve entrapment. PMID- 7275769 TI - Pharyngeal mucoceles in dogs. PMID- 7275768 TI - Canine conjunctival angiokeratomas. PMID- 7275772 TI - Change in the US veterinary population, 1977-1980. PMID- 7275771 TI - Cardiomyopathy of English cocker spaniels. AB - In an English Cocker Spaniel kennel in which the adult population varied between 20 and 30, 11 dogs had evidence of cardiomyopathy over a 5-year period. Three of the affected dogs were found dead, with cardiac enlargement and pulmonary edema found at necropsy. In the other affected dogs, dyspnea and other signs of congestive heart failure developed; 5 of these died. Necropsies were performed on 4 dogs, all of which had cardiac enlargement and pulmonary edema. In 3 dogs, the dyspnea abated with treatment. Four of the 11 affected dogs were less than 5 years old. Chronic valvular disease was discounted because some dogs had no murmurs and, at necropsy, valve leaflets were only slightly thickened. Heart weight ranged from 1.21%-1.56% of body weight. PMID- 7275774 TI - Defense of military veterinary medicine. PMID- 7275775 TI - Equine rectal tears--a malpractice problem. PMID- 7275773 TI - What is your diagnosis? 1) Intraluminal gastric foreign body, pericardial diaphragmatic hernia, and abnormal intestinal gas patterns. 2) Bone cyst or abscess, involving the proximal right humeral metaphysis. PMID- 7275776 TI - Accreditation of colleges of veterinary medicine. PMID- 7275777 TI - ECG of the month: an 11-year-old quarter horse following a maxillary laceration. PMID- 7275778 TI - Dissolution of a nephrolith in a dog. PMID- 7275779 TI - Laryngeal chondroma in a horse. PMID- 7275780 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot in a heifer. PMID- 7275782 TI - Postpurchase testing and individualized plans for management of infected herds in brucellosis eradication. PMID- 7275781 TI - Unilateral castration as treatment for hydrocele in a bull. PMID- 7275783 TI - What is your diagnosis? 1) Multiple midabdominal foreign bodies of mineral density. 2) A triangular mass (3 cm) protruding into the laryngeal lumen obstructing the airway. PMID- 7275784 TI - Myogenesis in adult mammalian skeletal muscle in vitro. AB - An injury to adult mammalian skeletal muscle is followed by regeneration, which involves a process believed to be similar to the differentiation of muscle fibres in the embryo. The origin of these differentiating myogenic cells is conjectural. The aim of the present study was to examine the source of myogenic cells and the process of myogenesis in adult skeletal muscle. Mononucleated cells were released from adult rat leg muscle mince after incubation with 0.1% pronase for 50-60 minutes at 37 degrees C. The ultrastructural studies revealed that the freshly dissociated mononucleated cells consisted of at least two populations of cells: myogenic satellite cells and non-myogenic fibroblastic cells. These cells were plated in growth media at various densities in cell culture dishes and incubated for 3 weeks in a balanced air atmosphere at 37 degrees C. The culture was routinely examined with a phase contrasted microscope for evidence of myogenic activities of the plated cells. At selected time intervals, the cell cultures were processed for autoradiography and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Attachment of cells to the dish began soon after plating, with flattening of some non-muscle cells. The round- to spindle-shaped cells, indicative of myoblasts, began to appear within 24 hours. DNA synthesis and cell proliferation were observed in myogenic and non-myogenic cells within 24 hours of culture. SEM revealed that at 72 hours some myoblasts aligned and fused with one another, forming myotubes. Quantitation of autoradiographs indicated that the maximum number of labelled myotubes were present in the 3 days old culture, and thereafter, the labelled myotubes decreased in number and were absent in the 7 days old culture. Within 5-7 days the myotubes became larger and showed contractility. TEM of 6 to 21 day culture revealed that the myotubes contained well differentiated myofibrils, T-tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum. It was evident from our studies that the mononucleated cells, having satellite cell morphology, were capable of differentiating into fully formed muscle fibres. This study lends support to the satellite cell hypothesis for regeneration of the skeletal muscle. PMID- 7275785 TI - Effect of acetaldehyde on the neuroepithelium of early mouse embryos. AB - Female mice were injected intravenously with acetaldehyde on single (seventh, eighth or ninth), or on multiple (sixth to eighth, seventh to ninth) days, and examined on the tenth or twelfth day of gestation. Exposure to acetaldehyde on multiple days resulted in high incidence of embryonic resorptions. However, when females were injected on single days and examined on the tenth day, a high incidence of neural tube defects was encountered in surviving embryos. The neural tube anomalies were located at a number of sites along the neuraxis. When examined by scanning electron microscopy, the individual neuroepithelial cells in acetaldehyde-treated embryos exhibited a characteristic rounded-up appearance with small surface blebs and spiny processes. These characteristic cell surface features were seen in acetaldehyde-treated embryos at all stages of development examined. When additional females were examined on the twelfth day, a much lower incidence of open neural tube defects was observed. When embryos at this stage of development were examined in more detail by SEM, many had numerous subectodermal blebs along the dorsal mid-line, which were not initially apparent on gross inspection. The neuroepithelial morphology was also found to bae abnormal in embryos with no obvious external anomalies. The results confirm and elaborate on previous observations on the teratogenicity of acetaldehyde, stressing the ultrastructural changes that are induced in the cells of the neuroepithelium, and the possible relationship between the damage induced by this agent and certain features of the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7275786 TI - An electron microscopic study of the development of the ependyma of the central canal of the mouse spinal cord. AB - The central canal of the adult mouse spinal cord is lined for most of its extent by ependymal cells which are rich in microfilaments and whose apical surface is covered with matted, broad microvilli. The canal itself is filled with amorphous material containing glycogen granules. Two forms of this material are present, a dark form rich in glycogen, and a light form containing a few glycogen granules. Each type appears to be surrounded by a membrane. The upper cervical region, however, has a large empty lumen and the ependymal cells in this region have only scattered, narrow microvilli. During development, the floor and roof plates are at first composed largely of ependymoglial cells, unlike the lateral walls, where undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells predominate. By E15 few undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells remain. At E17 the morphology of the ependymal cells changes. Their apical surface becomes covered with matted, club-shaped microvilli and the central canal is filled with glycogen-containing material. By P5 microfibrils are present in large bundles in the ependymal cells. The piaglial surface opposite the roof and floor plates has finger-like projections unique to these regions and these persist at the surface of the dorsal median septum until myelination is well advanced after P5. The fibres forming the dorsal median septum are at first pale processes containing scattered glycogen granules and microtubules. By P5 microfibrils are present and at P150 the processes are packed with masses of microfibrils. PMID- 7275787 TI - Accumulation and proliferation of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of the female rat following first mating. AB - Iliac and popliteal lymph nodes were removed from Sprague-Dawley female rats killed at 12-13 weeks of age in groups of 10 animals: one group of virgin controls and 10 groups at intervals of two days until the tenth day after either 'inbred' or outbred mating. The iliac lymph nodes on the second post-coital day after outbred mating were significantly heavier than those of virgin animals and on the fourth postcoital day were significantly heavier after outbred mating than 'inbred' mating. The total lymphocyte counts in the iliac and popliteal lymph nodes were significantly less in the virgin animals than those made on ;the second post-coital day after both 'inbred' and outbred mating. These increased counts were sustained until the tenth post-coital day and were associated with significantly increased lymphocyte cell densities in the nodes. Such lymphocyte accumulation probably results from an endogenous or exogenous hormonal stimulus. The proportions of proliferating cells in the lymphocyte population of the iliac and popliteal lymph nodes from the fourth until the tenth post-coital day were significantly greater after outbred mating than after 'inbred' mating. These observations indicate that after outbred mating the female animal mounts an immune response to the allogeneic spermatozoa and semiallogeneic products of conception within her reproductive tract. PMID- 7275788 TI - The tensile strength of the capsular ligaments of the apophyseal joints. AB - The capsular ligaments of the apophyseal joints are arranged to provide maximum resistance to flexion. They can support about twice body weight in the young although their strength decreases with age. PMID- 7275789 TI - Incorporation of tritiated thymidine in the hypophysis of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) embryo. AB - Proliferation and growth in the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis, including the pars distalis, pars intermedia and pars tuberalis, were studied in a series of rhesus monkey embryos of stages 13 to 21 (from 26 to 41 days of gestation) and labelled for one hour with a single intrachorionic injection of 3H-thymidine. As early as stage 13 the anlage of the neurohypophysis is foreshadowed in the floor of the diencephalon by a relatively low level of proliferation, with a labelling index (LI) of 35.1% as compared with an LI of 66.7% in the lateral walls of the diencephalon and an LI of 59.5% in the hypophyseal pouch. By stage 16 the neurohypophyseal anlage consists of a well-defined infundibulum, most of whose cells are unlabelled, (LI = 2.8%), in contrast with the more heavily labelled hypophyseal pouch (lateral walls = 45.3%; dorsal wall = 40.3%; ventral wall = 41.0%). The wall of the anlage of the adenohypophysis is in close apposition with the wall of the neurohypophysis until stage 21 when mesenchymal cells can be seen penetrating between the two. Near the communication of the hypophyseal pouch with the stomodeum the ventral walls of the hypophyseal pouch show a drastic reduction in labelling (LI = 8.0%) at stage 16. Although the pouch loses its contact with the stomodeum at stage 18, well-defined remnants of its earlier connection can still be seen as an irregular strand of cells at stage 21. PMID- 7275790 TI - The lateral nasal gland of dog: its structure and secretory content. AB - Lateral nasal glands of 12-15 weeks old pups are immature. Gland acini of pups and mature dogs contain numerous electron-lucent vacuoles with basophilic, electron-dense cores. The vacuoles contain both acid and neutral glycoproteins, sialated glycoproteins being the dominant acidic moiety. Lateral and basal cytoplasmic extensions of the acinar cytoplasm greatly increase the cell surface are. Electron-dense granules, smaller and less numerous than the lucent vacuoles of acini, occur in intercalated duct cells. Secretions collected form the excretory duct of the lateral nasal gland from conscious dogs contain 235 mg protein/100 ml secretory fluid. Immunoglobulin A accounts for 14% of the secretory protein. Total sialic acid content is 0.024% of the secretion by weight. PMID- 7275791 TI - The nerve supply to the human lumbar intervertebral discs. AB - The lumbar intervertebral discs are supplied by a variety of nerves. The posterior aspects of the discs and the posterior longitudinal ligament are innervated by the sinuvertebral nerves. The posterolateral aspects of the discs receive branches from adjacent ventral primary rami and from the grey rami communicantes near their junction with the ventral primary rami. The lateral aspects of the discs receive other branches from the rami communicantes. Some rami communicantes cross intervertebral discs and are embedded in the connective tissue of the disc deep to the origin of psoas. Such paradiscal rami are likely to be another source of innervation to the discs. The anterior longitudinal ligament is innervated by recurrent branches of rami communicantes. PMID- 7275792 TI - Light and electron microscopical observations on the macula densa of the Syrian hamster kidney. AB - The ultrastructure of the macula densa of the hamster kidney is, in general, similar to that reported for the few other species which have been studied. Their structure indicates that macula densa cells differ in a number of important respects from those of the rest of the thick ascending limb and the distal convoluted tubule. Among these differences may be mentioned the more widely distributed mitochondria with their circular and elliptical profiles; the extensive subsurface vacuolation and the irregular and shallow folds of the basal plasma membrane. Unlike some reports on other species, however, the Golgi complexes were not restricted to an infranuclear position, but were observed in a variety of situations. It was also observed that T-H glycoprotein characteristically associated with the plasma membranes of the cells of the thick ascending limb and the distal convoluted tubule was invariably absent in the macula densa. The possible physiological implications of this and the other observations are discussed. PMID- 7275794 TI - The persistence of placental remnants, beyond the normal period of gestation, in rats ovariectomised at day 12 of pregnancy. AB - The uterus, mammary glands and vaginal epithelium were examined in rats ovariectomised at day 12 of pregnancy and killed between 10 and 16 days later, and in a group of normal post partum rats. All the animals were injected with tritiated thymidine one hour before death. Some placental remnants persisted in all the ovariectomised animals and were associated with incorporation of tritiated thymidine in the uterine epithelium and smooth muscle. A pronounced cellular infiltration occurred in the endometrium and metrial gland of the normal post partum animals, with a marked increase in nuclear labelling. In comparison, the cellular reaction in the endometrium of the ovariectomised animals was delayed and very much reduced, and there was no reaction in the metrial gland. The breasts of the ovariectomised animals were secreting up to 12 days after operation; in all the ovariectomised animals the vaginal epithelium was of low, stratified squamous form, with nuclear labelling in the basal layers. The results are discussed in relation to the possible endocrine environment prevailing in the ovariectomised animals, and in relation to the possible factors affecting the influx of blood-borne cells to the uterus. PMID- 7275793 TI - The cells of the tracheobronchial epithelium of the mouse: a quantitative light and electron microscope study. AB - The epithelium of the conducting airways of the mouse consists of a single layer of cells. The number, type and form of these cells have been investigated at five airway levels from the trachea to the distal conducting bronchi with both light and electron microscopes. Contrary to what is found in other species, the majority (50-60%) of cells in the murine airway epithelium are Clara cells. Mucus producing tissue was infrequent throughout the airways, though epithelial mucous cells occurred in increased numbers at the carina and in the primary bronchus. No mucous or serous cells or submucosal glands were seen in intralobular airways. On a morphological basis, three distinct forms of Clara cell were recognized. On occasion, cells were observed which were apparently transitional types between these and also between Clara cells and mucous or ciliated cells. It is suggested that the 'transforming' cells may indicate a role for the Clara cell as a developmental cell involved in the epithelial cell turnover. Evidence is also provided that Clara cells may undergo both apocrine and merocrine secretion and, it is argued that the latter may be of a PAS + ve material. Free nerve endings were not seen in the epithelium. This may be related to athe restricted ability of mice to cough. It is suggested that the lack of mucus-producing tissue and of cough reflex may be due to the small diameter of the mouse airways. PMID- 7275795 TI - The distal vagal ganglion of the hen (Gallus domesticus). A histological and physiological study. AB - The distal vagal ganglion of the hen was examined histologically and physiologically. The number of neurons in the right and left distal vagal ganglia were counted and a mean figure of 6710 neurons obtained. The proportions of the different types of neuron present were determined and their size measured. No multipolar cells with boutons on them were found. Morphologically the ganglion is sensory. Following chronic vagotomy proximal to the distal vagal ganglion the vagus nerves were stimulated and the effect on the heart and gastrointestinal tract monitored. It was found that stimulation of the acutely sectioned nerve caused a drop in heart rate and an increase in gastrointestinal activity. There was no cardiac or gastrointestinal response when the chronically operated nerve was stimulated. Physiologically the ganglion is sensory. The evidence is reviewed for homology between inferior vagal ganglion of the mammal and the distal vagal ganglion of the hen. PMID- 7275796 TI - The "spindle-shaped" body in fibroblasts: intracellular collagen fibrils. AB - The "spindle-shaped" or "fusiform" bodies of fibroblasts are membrane-bound collagen fibrils. These cellular organelles, also described in the literature as rods or cigars, can be induced massively in chick embryo fibroblasts by treatment with colchicine in vinblastine. These alkaloids also induce massively the presence of non-striated fibrils, segment long-spacing (SLS) and fibrous long spacing (FLS) crystallites in cytoplasmic vacuoles. The intracellular fibrillar structures described within the cytoplasmic vacuoles suggest the occurrence of tropocollagen interconversions, indication that under the experimental conditions used in this work some procollagen is processed intracellularly. Our findings may represent the first step of autophagocytosis of collagenous products when the secretory process is blocked. It is possible that these agents, by blocking secretion, magnify a normal process, and that under normal conditions a population of procollagen molecules may be processed intracellularly, thus contributing to the process of fibrillogenesis. PMID- 7275798 TI - Structural differentiation of the male genital ducts of the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). AB - Seven ductuli efferentes radiate from the testis of the echidna and join the ductus epididymidis either directly or after joining one of their neighbours. They are pigmented brown and appear to be structurally and functionally similar to the ductuli efferentes of therian mammals. The epididymis is anatomically differentiated into a large head and small tail which appear to be, respectively, larger and smaller than the similar regions of the epididymis of scrotal mammals; they also contain, respectively, larger and smaller proportions of the animals' extragonadal spermatozoa. Only the head of the epididymis is adjacent to the testis: the tail and the ductus deferens are distal to the testis. The ductus epididymis is also histologically differentiated into two segments (initial and terminal segments) which correspond precisely with the anatomical differentiation. The initial segment is structurally similar to the initial segment of the epididymis of scrotal mammals (i.e. tall epithelium with long stereocilia, a farily homogeneous supranuclear cytoplasma containing Golgi apparatus and a low concentration of spermatozoa in the lumen). The terminal segment has adaptations of the duct (as in scrotal mammals) for the storage of spermatozoa such as a wide lumen containing a high concentration of spermatozoa, low epithelium and thick layers of periductal muscle. However, it is peculiar in that the duct epithelium is thrown into folds and it is involved in considerable apocrine secretion. PMID- 7275797 TI - The vomeronasal organ of the rat. AB - The anatomical organization of the vomeronasal complex of the rat (vomeronasal organ blood vessels, cartilage and glands) and the structure of the vomeronasal organ were studied. This organ is a tubular formation that shows different characteristics along its longitudinal axis. In its rostral portion it has a lateral flattened shape but caudally the organ acquires a typical crescent shape and a greater size. The organ is rotated along its longitudinal axis, the medial wall becoming inferior and the lateral one, superior. In its most caudal portion the organ decreases in size and ends in glandular branches. Three histological segments were recognized in the vomeronasal organ. The rostral one shows a pseudostratified epithelium surrounding all the lumen. The middle segment presents in one of its walls a similar epithelium and, in the other wall, the vomeronasal epithelium. The caudalmost segment shows a simple columnar epithelium that continues with that of glandular ducts. The vomeronasal epithelial border is formed by three types of cellular processes which intermingle, each one showing particular features: (a) microvilli originating from dendrites of bipolar cells; (b) microvilli from supporting cells and (c) micro-processes of undetermined origin. The surface of the vomeronasal epithelium shows an irregular distribution and arrangement of these processes. PMID- 7275799 TI - A quantitative and morphological study of vascularisation of the developing mouse spinal cord. AB - Vascularisation of the mouse spinal cord was examined by both quantitative histology and electron microscopy from E10 up to adult life, with particular emphasis on embryonic development. Blood vessels were present at all stages examined. From E10 to E14 blood vessels were most numerous in the ependymal layer. Ependymal layer vascularity declined as the layer itself decreased in size. Two rapid phases of vascularity were found. The first, from E14 to E18, coincided with the cessation of neuron production and early differentiation of grey matter. From E18 to P5 the volume density of blood vessels declined due to rapid growth of grey matter, presumably due to differentiation of the neuropil. A second rapid phase of vascularisation, associated with myelination, occurred between P5 and P15. The volume density of blood vessels declined between P15 and P150, probably due to a combination of cord growth and an actual decrease in size and/or number of blood vessels. The volume density of vessels in white matter increased from E14 to E18 and remained constant until P5. Since white matter volume increased rapidly between E18 and P5 due to the onset of myelination, the constant volume density indicated a substantial increase in the number of vessels during this time. The rapid increase in vascularisation noted in the grey matter between P5 and P15 also occurred in white matter, as did the later decline. It is suggested that there is a transient increase in vascularity associated with myelin production. At all stages spinal cord endothelial cells are joined by tight junctions. Primitive dark endothelial cells are present at E11 but many pale, well differentiated endothelial cells are also present. A basement lamina appears to be present on parts of vessels in contact with glioblasts. By E15 endothelial cells are well differentiated. PMID- 7275801 TI - The recurrent branch of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm. AB - Cutaneous nerves of the upper arm were observed in 31 Japanese cadavers dissected in a student course of gross anatomy dissection and in cadaver selected randomly for intensive dissection. Contrary to the descriptions in current textbooks of human anatomy, the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supplies also the skin over the distal region of the anterolateral surface of the upper arm. A branch to the upper arm (the recurrent branch) arises from the proper trunk of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm, recurs along the cephalic vein as far as the middle third of the upper arm and distributes filaments to the skin close to the vein. PMID- 7275803 TI - Proceedings of the Anatomical Study of Australia and New Zealand. May 1980. PMID- 7275802 TI - Efferent connections of the pulvinar nucleus in the cat. AB - Discrete unilateral electrolytic lesions were placed in the pulvinar nucleus of cats using the stereotaxic approach. The pathways of the degenerated fibres and their terminals were traced to the cerebral cortex and to subcortical nuclei by the method of Fink-Heimer (anterograde degeneration). The cortical projection sites of the pulvinar are the following: suprasylvian cortex, lateral cortex, ectosylvian cortex, cingulate gyrus, area postsubicularis and retrosplenial gyrus. However, the bulk of the cortical projections of the pulvinar nucleus were to mid- and posterior gyri of the suprasylvian cortex. In this study subcortical projections of the pulvinar have been seen to terminate in the superior colliculus, pretectal area, and the following thalamic nuclei: posterior, suprageniculate, dorsolateral, posterolateral, reticular, centromedian, centrolateral, parafascicular and dorsomedial. One of the purposes of this study was to explore possible anatomical connections of the pulvinar that might explain its presumed role in the pain mechanisms. The results of the present study, on subcortical connections of the pulvinar, provide a possible anatomical substrate for such a role where connections of the pulvinar to one or more of the thalamic nuclei implicated in pain mechanisms, the reticular, the intralaminar (centromedian, centrolateral and parafascicular) and the posterior could constitute the necessary anatomical pathway or pathways. Furthermore, the extensive projections of the pulvinar to several cortical regions including the cingulate gyrus could represent another means by which the pulvinar might influence cortical and limbic structures which are known to modify pain sensation. PMID- 7275800 TI - Effects of angiotensin II on the zona fasciculata of the rat adrenal cortex: an ultrastructural stereologic study. AB - The effects of a chronic administration of angiotensin II on the zona fasciculata of rats treated with dexamethasone and maintenance doses of ACTH were investigated by morphometric methods applied to electron microscopy. It was found that angiotensin induced a significant increase in the volume of cells, nuclei, mitochondrial and lipid compartments as well as in the surface area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial cristae. Noticeable also were the hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus and the increase in the number of acid phosphatase-positive dense bodies. These findings are interpreted as indicating that the renin-angiotensin system is involved in the stimulation of the growth and steroidogenic capacity of the rat zona fasciculata. PMID- 7275804 TI - The Xhosa healers of Southern Africa. I. Intlombe and Xhentsa: a Xhosa healing ritual. PMID- 7275805 TI - Paternal psychopathology and the emerging ego. PMID- 7275806 TI - A new antitumor antibiotic, stubomycin. AB - A new antibiotic, stubomycin, was isolated from the culture broth and mycelia of Streptomyces strain No. KG-2245. Stubomycin was prepared as colorless plates and has the empirical formula C29H35NO5. The antibiotic possesses growth inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria and transplantable murine tumors, such as Ehrlich carcinoma, and leukemia P388. The antibiotic also shows direct cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells in vitro. PMID- 7275808 TI - Gilvocarcins, new antitumor antibiotics. 2. Structural elucidation. AB - Gilvocarcin V(1), C27H28O9, m.p. 264 approximately 267 degrees C (dec.), and gilvocarcin M(2), C26H26O9, m.p. 245 approximately 248 degrees C (dec.), are new antitumor antibiotics produced by Streptomyces gilvotanareus. The structure of gilvocarcins has been determined by chemical degradation, nmr and mass spectra. They have a benzonaphtopyran-one system, to which the furanose moiety is linked through a C-C glycosyl bond. PMID- 7275807 TI - Gilvocarcins, new antitumor antibiotics. 1. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological activities. AB - Gilvocarcin V and gilvocarcin M, a group of antitumor antibiotics with a novel skeleton, were discovered in culture broths of Actinomycete DO-38. The producing organism, subsequently determined to be a new species and named Streptomyces gilvotanareus (NRRL 11382). Gilvocarcin V and M were isolated by ethyl acetate extraction and chromatography on silica gel. The antibiotics are active against Gram-positive bacteria and experimental tumors such as mouse sarcoma 180 and mouse leukemia P388. PMID- 7275810 TI - Synthesis of (1D)-1,3,5/2,4- and (1L)-1,2,4/3,5-5-aminocyclohexanetetrols. PMID- 7275809 TI - Mycinamicins, new macrolide antibiotics. IV. Structure of mycinamicin III. PMID- 7275811 TI - Antibiotics from basidiomycetes. XI. The biological activity of siccayne, isolated from the marine fungus Halocyphina villosa J. & E. Kohlmeyer. AB - From submerged cultures of the marine basidiomycete Halocyphina villosa we isolated siccayne (4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-buten-3-yne) (1), a metabolite first described from fermentations of the deuteromycete Helminthosporium siccans. Siccayne is a moderately active antibiotic, which inhibits Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi at concentrations of 10 approximately 50 micrograms/ml. Its cytotoxic effect is much more pronounced on both normal and Rous-sarcoma-virus transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts as compared to cells of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Siccayne apparently interferes with the uptake of nucleoside precursors into eucaryotic cells as well as with the in vitro incorporation of nucleotides into DNA and RNA. PMID- 7275813 TI - Mutants of Streptomyces cattleya producing N-acetyl and deshydroxy carbapenems related to thienamycin. PMID- 7275812 TI - Studies on the effects of 3-acetyl-4"-isovaleryltylosin against multiple-drug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The macrolide-resistance of multiple-drug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus was divided into two types; the decreased sensitivity of ribosomes (type I) and the decreased uptake (type II). Both types were resistant to erythromycin, tylosin and 3-acetyltylosin, and their resistance was not inducible. 3-Acetyl-4" isovaleryltylosin inhibited the growth of both types. Protein synthesis on ribosomes of type I in vitro (S. aures MS-9610) was inhibited by 3-acetyl-4" isovaleryltylosin, but little or no inhibition was seen with either tylosin or 3 acetyltylosin. Ribosomes of type II in vitro (S. aureus MS-8710) were sensitive to all macrolides. 3-Acetyl-4"-isovaleryltylosin accumulated about twice as much as 3-acetyltylosin in intact cell of type II. PMID- 7275814 TI - Mycinamicins, new macrolide antibiotics. III Isolation and structures of mycinamicin aglycones, mycinolide IV and V. PMID- 7275815 TI - Studies on neplanocin A, new antitumor antibiotic. I. Producing organism, isolation and characterization. AB - Neplanocin A. C11H13N5O3, is a novel carbocyclic analog of adenosine with cyclopentene. It was isolated from the culture filtrate of Ampullariella regularis A11079 by means of ion-exchange, carbon, silica gel adsorption, or partition chromatography. Neplanocin A forms crystals, and is stable at acidic or alkaline pH. Neplanocin A has cytotoxicity against L5178Y cells in culture and showed a remarkable effect on the life prolongation of mice infected with L1210 leukemia. PMID- 7275816 TI - Isolation of L-2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)glycine from micromonospora miyakonensis sp. nov. I. Taxonomic studies on the producing microorganism. AB - An actinomycete, strain PA-4046, was found to produce a novel amino acid L-2-(1 methylcyclopropyl)glycine in the fermentation broth. Based on the results of taxonomic studies, the strain was identified as a new species of Micromonospora and the name Micromonospora miyakonensis sp. nov. is proposed. PMID- 7275817 TI - Glysperin, a new antibiotic complex of bacterial origin. I. Production, isolation and properties. AB - Strains of Bacillus cereus produced a complex of new antibiotics, glysperins A, B and C. They are basic, water-soluble antibiotics and active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including aminoglycoside-resistant organisms. Glysperin A is a major component of the antibiotic complex and approximately two to four times more active than components B and C. PMID- 7275821 TI - Fluorospectrometric studies on neothramycin and its reaction with DNA. AB - The characteristics of neothramycin and its reaction mechanism with DNA were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence intensity of neothramycin is enhanced by the reaction with DNA. The reaction rate of the drug and DNA is rather slow; and is dependent upon both DNA and drug concentrations, and is stimulated by hydrogen ion. Analysis of the equilibrium reaction suggested that neothramycin possesses about one binding site per 2-3 base-pairs with homogeneous affinity and association constant of 4.7 x 10(3) M-1; and no significant mutual interference of the binding sites seems to exist. From the results of neothramycin's interaction with various polynucleotides, it was suggested that a guanine base and a double helix conformation of DNA are required for binding the antibiotic. The current results and previous ones, concerning neothramycin-2' deoxyguanosine adduct formation, suggested that the antibiotic reacts with 2 amino group of guanine base of DNA by dehydration in the manner of a bimolecular (Sn2ca) equilibrium reaction. PMID- 7275822 TI - Stimulation of the extension of validamycin-inhibited hyphae by the hyphal extension factor present in Rhizoctonia solani. AB - Validamycin inhibited the hyphal extension of Rhizoctonia solani without growth inhibition. Hyphal inhibition was more pronounced in the main hyphae than in the primary or secondary branches of R. solani. Validamycin inhibition was antagonized by the hyphal extract of R. solani which stimulated hyphal extension. From the hyphal extract, the hyphal extension factor antagonizing the action of validamycin was isolated as a syrup after passing through an Amberlite IR-120 B column, adsorption on an Amberlite IRA-410 column, elution with 0.2 N NH4Cl and concentration of the eluate. The hyphal extension factor stimulated only the extension of the validamycin-inhibited hyphae and not that of the normal hyphae. PMID- 7275820 TI - Cephalosporins. II. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new 7 vinylenethioacetamido and thioacrylamido cephalosporins. AB - The synthesis and in vitro structure-activity relationships of 7 vinylenethioacetamido and thioacrylamido cephalosporins with various substituents at the 3-position are described. 7(Z)-beta-Vinylenethioacetamido cephalosporins proved the most active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 7-[(Z) beta-Cyanovinylenethioacetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3 cephem-4-carboxylic acid (K 13101, 40) was several times more active in vitro than cefazolin. PMID- 7275823 TI - Delayed type hypersensitivity for penicillin in mice. I. Induction and characterization of delayed type hypersensitivity for penicillin in mice. AB - The delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) for benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) group was observed in the footpad swelling reaction (FSR) in mice. Mice were subcutaneously immunized with 300 microgram of BPO-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugate and Freund's complete adjuvant and challenged into footpads with 25 microgram of BPO bovine gamma globulin (BGG) conjugate 2 weeks after the immunization. The strongest FSR was observed 24 hours after the challenge. This FSR was typical DTH. Namely, the kinetics of FSR and the histological study showed the pattern of the DTH. Furthermore, the FSR could be transferred to normal syngenic mice by transfer of antigen-primed spleen cells and could not be transferred by anti-Thy 1,2-serum treated cells. The DTH for BPO was observed on day 4 after the immunization and reached the maximum on day 11 to 14. Thereafter, the DTH for BPO decreased gradually in proportion as the IgG antibodies for BPO were produced. C57BL/6 and C3H/He mice high responders, A/J mice moderate, and BALB/c and DBA/2 mice were low responders. Penicillins were broad cross-reactive in FSR and its desensitization test because the DTH for penicillins contained the common reactivity for the penicilloyl moiety. The DTH for BPO was suppressed by intravenous preadministration of HSA and this suppression was sensitive to cyclophosphamide. PMID- 7275818 TI - Glysperin, a new antibiotic complex of bacterial origin. II. Structures of glysperins A, B and C. AB - Structures of glysperins A, B and C were determined on the basis of chemical degradation studies in conjunction with spectroscopic analyses. Glysperin A consisted of L-alanine, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, a C11-alkyl tetramine and four sugar moieties, three of which were identified as D-ribose, D-galactose and 2,4 diamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-galactose. The fourth sugar was a novel exoenose, 6 deoxy-D-xylo-hex-5-enose. Structural difference between glysperins A and B resided solely in the terminal polyamine moiety which was spermidine in glysperin B. Glysperin C contained D-glucose in place of the exoenohexose moiety of glysperin A. Glysperins A, B and C are, in some respects, structurally related to the glycocinnamoylspermidine antibiotics, LL-BM 123 beta, gamma 1 and gamma 2. PMID- 7275819 TI - 4-N-(2-aminoethanesulfonyl)fortimicin B and 4-N-(p aminobenzenesulfonyl)fortimicin B. AB - Methods have been developed for preparation of 4-N-arenesulfonylfortimicins B and 4-N-alkanesulfonylfortimicins B from derivatives of fortimicin B-1,5-carbamate. 4 N-(2-Aminoethanesulfonyl)fortimicin B and 4-N-(p-aminobenzenesulfonyl)fortimicin B have been prepared and found to be devoid of antibacterial activity. PMID- 7275824 TI - Derivatization and purification of acivicin (AT-125, U-42,126). PMID- 7275827 TI - A new antistreptolysin, M-9337, from actinomycetes. PMID- 7275826 TI - Complexation of acetyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine by antibiotic A35512B. PMID- 7275825 TI - Structure of tomaymycin, a DNA binding antitumor antibiotic. PMID- 7275829 TI - Extraction and characterization of plasmids from macrolide antibiotic-producing streptomycetes. PMID- 7275828 TI - Synthesis of 1-epi-fortimicins A and B. PMID- 7275830 TI - Ansamitocin analogs from a mutant strain of Nocardia. I. Isolation of the mutant, fermentation and antimicrobial properties. AB - A mutant having a high ability to produce ansamitocins was derived from a dnacin producing strain, Nocardia sp. No. C-14482 (N-1001), by treatment with ethidium bromide. Mutant N-1231 produced ansamitocins P-3 and P-4 as major components, but was deficient in its ability to produce dnacins. Strain N-1231 also produced fifteen novel ansamitocin analogs as minor components. These analogs showed no activity against prokaryotic micro-organisms. The results of determining the activity inhibiting cilia regeneration of deciliated Tetrahymena pyriformis suggest that hydroxylation of C15, C26 and the acyl moiety at C3 of ansamitocins may cause marked reduction of their antitubulinic activities whereas demethylation of -NCH3 at C18 slightly affected their activities. PMID- 7275831 TI - Ansamitocin analogs from a mutant strain of Nocardia. II. Isolation and structure. PMID- 7275832 TI - Dihydromevinolin, a potent hypocholesterolemic metabolite produced by Aspergillus terreus. AB - A new, potent hypocholesterolemic agent is produced by cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The isolation of the compound and its characterization as 4a,5 dihydromevinolin containing a trans-fused octahydro-naphthalene system are described. Comparative data for dihydromevinolin and mevinolin in three biological assays are given: in vitro inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, inhibition of sterol synthesis in cell cultures, and inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in vivo in rats. PMID- 7275833 TI - Chemical modification of fortimicins. II. Selective protection of fortimicins A and B. AB - The four amino groups of fortimicin B(4) could be differentiated from each other and 2'-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-, 2',6'-di-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-, 2'-N-tert butoxycarbonyl-, 6'-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl- and 2',6'-di-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl fortimicin B (7, 8, 16, 18, 17) were prepared from 4. From these fortimicin B derivatives, selectively protected fortimicin A derivatives 13, 15, 21, 22 and 25 were prepared by combination of procedures of benzyloxycarbonylation or tert butoxycarbonylation, 4-N-glycylation. PMID- 7275834 TI - Chemical modification of fortimicins. III. preparation of N-substituted fortimicin A derivatives. AB - The 1, 2' or 6'-amino group of fortimicin A was alkylated or acylated and the antimicrobial activities of the derivatives were compared with each other. 2'-N Substituted fortimicins A were active against the fortimicin A resistant strain which produced AAC(3)-I. AAC(3)-I is the only enzyme which can inactivate fortimicin A. Among the derivatives prepared in the present study, 2'-N-[(S)-4 amino-2-hydroxybutyl]fortimicin A showed stronger activity than fortimicin A. PMID- 7275835 TI - Chemical modification of fortimicins. IV. Preparation of 4,2'-Di-N-substituted fortimicin B derivatives. PMID- 7275836 TI - 6"'-Deamino-6"'-hydroxy derivatives, as intermediates in the biosynthesis of neomycin and paromomycin. AB - From broths of a neomycin producing Streptomyces fradiae and of a mutant of Streptomyces rimosus forma paromomycinus respectively, 6"'-deamino-6"' hydroxyneomycin and 6"'-deamino-6"'hydroxyparomomycin were obtained and their structures established by mass and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and by the study of hydrolytic fragments. These new compounds, which are both present as two epimers at C-5"', are suggested as intermediates in the biosynthesis of the parent antibiotics. The place and the mechanism of the 5"'-epimerisation and of the 6"' amination are discussed. PMID- 7275837 TI - Interspecific recombination among aminoglycoside producing streptomycetes. AB - From auxotrophic double mutants of Streptomyces rimosus forma paromomycinus and Streptomyces kanamycerticus producing little or no antibiotic, stable prototrophic recombinants were obtained with low frequencies. Most of the recombinants differed from the parents in morphology and antibiotic production. The most frequent classes of recombinants behaved as streptomycetes of the "red" series and produced a wide range of neomycin yields, in contrast to the parents which produced paromomycin and a small proportion of neomycin, or kanamycin, respectively. Hypotheses on the nature of the genetic material exchanged are discussed. PMID- 7275838 TI - The biosynthesis of the antibiotic pyrrolnitrin by Pseudomonas aureofaciens. AB - Feeding experiments with tryptophan samples labeled specifically with radioactive and stable isotopes have shown that Pseudomonas aureofaciens converts this amino acid into pyrrolnitrin in such a way that the indole nitrogen gives rise to the nitro group, the amino group becomes the pyrrole nitrogen, C-3 of the precursor side chain becomes C-3 of the antibiotic, and H-2 of the indole ring and H-alpha of the side chain give rise to H-5 and H-2 of pyrrolnitrin, respectively. Only the L-isomer of tryptophan is incorporated with retention of the alpha-hydrogen and the amino nitrogen. From the D-isomer the labels from these two positions are lost. The obvious conclusion that L-tryptophan is the more immediate precursor is, however, contradicted by the better incorporation of D- than L-tryptophan into the antibiotic. Several potential pathway intermediates were evaluated for incorporation and 4-(0-aminophenyl)-pyrrole was found to be a good precursor. The results area discussed in terms of a plausible pathway for pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis. PMID- 7275840 TI - Structure of antibiotic Bu-2545, a new member of the celesticetin-lincomycin class. PMID- 7275839 TI - Cystathionine gamma-lyase activity in the cephamycin C producer Streptomyces lactamdurans. AB - Extracts of the cephamycin C producer S. lactamdurans were found to possess cystathionine gamma-lyase activity (E.C. 4.4.1.1). This represents the first demonstration of this enzyme of the reverse transsulfuration pathway in a prokaryotic organism. A likely involvement of reverse transsulfuration in antibiotic synthesis is indicated by the fact that propargylglycine, a mechanism based inhibitor of the gamma-lyase, is a strong inhibitor of cephamycin C production. PMID- 7275841 TI - Carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation times and conformation of rosaramicin. PMID- 7275842 TI - The identification of 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid as a new natural aromatic amino acid. PMID- 7275843 TI - Amicoumacin-A, a new antibiotic with strong antiinflammatory and antiulcer activity. PMID- 7275844 TI - Dihydrocompactin, a new potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase from Penicillium citrinum. PMID- 7275845 TI - Emitter chemical ionization mass spectrometry of kanamycins. PMID- 7275846 TI - The biosynthesis of AR-5 (mycinamicins) antibiotics. PMID- 7275847 TI - Epithienamycins-novel beta-lactams related to thienamycin. I. Production and antibacterial activity. AB - The epithienamycins are cell wall active antibiotics structurally related to N acetylthienamycin. We have found forty-three isolated of Streptomyces flavogriseus which are capable of producing members of the epithienamycin family. Six major epithienamycin components, and xanthomycin, have been isolated from fermentation broth. Fermentation conditions can be varied to enrich for certain members of the epithienamycin family. All six components show activity in vitro versus a broad spectrum of bacterial species. The weight potencies vary 27 fold from the most active to least active. PMID- 7275848 TI - Epithienamycins. II. Isolation and structure assignment. AB - At least six distinct beta-lactam antibiotics of the epithienamycin family are produced by a strain of Streptomyces flavogriseus MB 4638. Each of the six can be isolated in substantially pure form by column chromatography using Dowex 1, Amberlite XAD-2 and Biogel packings. The structures were established by comparison of the ultraviolet, proton magnetic resonance and mass spectral characteristics with those of thienamycin and its derivatives. All six compounds contain the carbapenem ring system which is also found in thienamycin. They differ from each other and from thienamycin by chemical modifications and/or stereoisomerism. Enzymatically deacetylated epithienamycin A has the properties of an isomer of thienamycin. PMID- 7275849 TI - Reductiomycin, a new antibiotic. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, characterization and biological activities. AB - A new antibiotic, reductiomycin was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces griseorubiginosus. The antibiotic has the molecular formula C14H15O6N(M.W. 293). Reductiomycin is active against Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and newcastle disease virus. PMID- 7275850 TI - Reductiomycin, a new antibiotic. II. Structural elucidation by spectroscopic studies. PMID- 7275851 TI - Studies on neplanocin A, new antitumor antibiotic. II. Structure determination. AB - The structure and stereochemistry of neplanocin A was determined on the basis of its spectral and chemical evidences as [1R-(la,2a,3b)]-3-(6-amino-9-yl)-5 (hydroxy-methyl)-4-cyclopentene-1,2-diol. For the final proof of the structure, X ray crystallographic analysis of neplanocin A was carried out. PMID- 7275852 TI - Fortimicin analogs via glycoside formation. PMID- 7275854 TI - Macrolide antibiotics M-4365 produced by Micromonospora. IV. Antimycoplasmal activity of antibiotic M-4365 G2 (de-epoxy rosamicin). AB - In vitro activities of M-4365 G2, a new basic 16-membered macrolide antibiotic, against a total 19 strains including human, bovine, porcine, rodent, avian and saprophytic mycoplasmas were compared with those of three other macrolide antibiotics, josamycin, erythromycin and tylosin. M-4365 G2 exhibited stronger activities than the other macrolide antibiotics against 11 strains of mycoplasma tested. Especially, its higher activities against M. pneumoniae Mac and FU, U. urealyticum T-960, M. mycoides PG-1 and M. gallisepticum Kp-13, PG-31 and 9-49A were to be noticed (final minimum inhibitory concentrations: 0.0001 approximately 0.049 microgram/ml). Higher antimycoplasmal activity of M-4365 G2 than that of tylosin was also proved in experimental treatment of chickens intranasally inoculated with M. gallisepticum Kp-13 by feeding a diet containing the drug. M. gallisepticum Kp-13 was not isolated from the infected chickens fed a diet containing 0.0063% or more of M-4365 G2. PMID- 7275853 TI - Substances derived from 4-de-N-methylfortimicin B. AB - The preparation of 4-de-N-methylfortimicin A analogs as well as the preparation of 4-de-N-methyl-4-N-(beta-aminoethyl)-4-N-ethylfortimicin B is reported. It was shown that the 4-N-methyl group in fortimicin analogs is essential for antibacterial activity since neither the 4-de-N-methylfortimicin A nor the 4-de-N methyl-4-N-(beta-aminoethyl)-4-N-ethylfortimicin B exhibited useful biological activity. PMID- 7275856 TI - Possibilities for genetic manipulation of sex ratio in livestock. AB - Reports are reviewed in which genetic differences for sex ratio of offspring were found among breeds, breed crosses, strains, lines, line crosses, families or individuals. Although reports in which genetic variation could not be identified outnumber those in which it could, important genetic variation does exist in at least some populations. The direct or correlated response of sex ratio to selection is reviewed. Again, results are equivocal, but there is ample evidence that sex ratio will respond to selection in at least some populations of laboratory organisms. Segregation distortion in the mouse and in Drosophila is examined. Segregation distortion occurs when a heterozygous male mated to a homozygous female does not produce the two offspring types in equal proportions and the disparity cannot be accounted for by sampling or differential mortality. Although the most well-known systems have no effect (in the mouse) or only a moderate effect (in Drosophila) on sex ratio, systems in which sex ratio is subject to segregation distortion are known to exist in insects and could exist in mammals. Finally, the possibility is discussed that XX/XY chromosome chimaeric bulls, born co-twin to a heifer, might produce a preponderance of heifer progeny. A few reports suggest this might be the case, but other research is not in agreement. PMID- 7275857 TI - Porcine stress syndrome and postmortem muscle characteristics of two purebreds and three specific terminal crosses. AB - The incidence of Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS), determined by halothane screening, and parameters of muscle quality and carcass leanness were studied in 108 pigs from a larger population of 658 pigs of Pietrain (P), Minnesota No. 1 (M), Hampshire (H) x (P x M), Yorkshire (Y) X (P X M) and P X (P X M) breeding. The larger population was also surveyed by the halothane screening procedure for incidence of PSS, and growth rate was measured. At 6 to 14 weeks of age, pigs were classified as PSS if they exhibited muscle rigidity within 5 min after the commencement of anesthetization with 3% halothane in oxygen. The incidences noted for the larger population were: H x (P x M) and Minnesota No. 1, 0%; Pietrain, 88%; Y x (P x M), 3%, and P x (P x M), 17%. Results demonstrated that the H x (P x M) group displayed excellent carcass meatiness combined with acceptable meat quality and freedom from PSS. PMID- 7275858 TI - Influence of an experimental infection of nodular worms (Oesophagostomum spp.) on performance of pigs. AB - Four trials were conducted to determine the effect of different levels of nodular worm (Oesophagostomum spp.) infection on the performance of growing-finishing swine and on digestion and absorption of nutrients by the growing pig. In each of two growing-finishing trials, 48 crossbred pigs (average body weight 26.6 kg in trial 1 and 24.4 kg in trial 2) were individually housed and given a single infection of nodular worms (0, 550, 1,100 or 1,650 infective larvae/kg body weight in trial 1 and 0, 1,500, 3,000 or 4,500 infective larvae/kg body weight in trial 2). At 21 days postinfection, pigs given either 1,100 or 1,650 nodular worm larvae/kg body weight required more feed (P less than .05) per unit gain than pigs not infected, but for the 77-day test period, as a whole, nodular worms did not significantly affect performance. in trial 2, pigs given either 3,000 or 4,500 nodular worm larvae/kg body weight were lighter (P less than .05) and gained weight slower (P less than .05) for the first 21 days postinfection than pigs not infected, while pigs given 4,500 larvae gained slower (P less than .05) than pigs on the other three treatments. During the first 21 days after infection, pigs given 4,500 larvae/kg body weight consumed less feed (P less than .05 than pigs given either 0 or 1,500 larvae. Even at the higher levels of infection, nodular worms did not significantly affect performance over the entire 77-day test period. In each of the two other trials, eight crossbred barrows (average body weight 28.8 kg in trial 1 and 28.4 kg body weight in trials 2) were examined for the effects of two levels of nodular worm infection (0 and 4,950 larvae/kg body weight) on digestion and absorption of nutrients and on N balance. Pigs experimentally infected had a lower digestion coefficient for dry matter (P less than .01), ash (P less than .05), crude fiber (P less than .01), N free extract (P less than .05) and N (P less than .05) than noninfected pigs. Pigs not infected with nodular worms had a higher (P less than .05) N balance. PMID- 7275855 TI - Combimicins, new kanamycin derivatives bioconverted by some Micromonosporas. PMID- 7275859 TI - Endometrial prostaglandin f release in vitro and plasma 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha in pigs with luteolysis blocked by pregnancy, estradiol benzoate or human chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 7275860 TI - Serum testosterone response in Holstein bulls after administration of luteinizing hormone. AB - Seven yearling Holstein bulls were given 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 200 micrograms NIH-LH-B9 during a 7-day complete Latin square design experiment. Treatments were administered via jugular cannulas at 0900 hr, and blood was collected at 60, 30 and 0 min before treatment, at 15-min intervals for 3 hr after treatment and at 30-min intervals from 3 to 7 hr after treatment. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations wer measured in serum by radioimmunoassay. Area under the LH and testosterone response curves, expressed as nanograms per milliliter x hours, increased (P less than .001) with increasing amounts of exogenous LH. Basal LH in serum averaged 1.4 +/- .1 ng/ml, and peaks ranged from 3.8 +/- .4 to 13.3 +/- .4 ng/ml after 40 and 200 micrograms of exogenous LH, respectively. Basal testosterone in serum of bulls given saline was 1.8 +/- .2 ng/ml, and peak responses ranged from 4.1 +/- .3 ng/ml to 5.9 +/- .5 ng/ml after 40 and 200 micrograms exogenous LH, respectively. The LH area response to exogenous LH was linear (Y = .4717 + .0352X; P less than .001), with testosterone concentration reaching maximum level in response to 100 micrograms LH (Y = 1.0279 + .1041X + .0001X(2); P less than .001). On the basis of these data, we suggest that the magnitude of the pulsatile release of LH quantitatively controls the secretion of testosterone from the testes of yearling bulls. PMID- 7275861 TI - Variables associated with peripartum traits in dairy cows. VIII. Hormonal profiles associated with dystocia. PMID- 7275864 TI - Influence of captan on in vitro and in vivo digestibility of forage. AB - Four trials were conducted to examine the effects of Captan (N trichloromethylthiotetrahydrophthalimide) on digestibility of forage. In the first trial, alfalfa-brome hay was digested in vitro with Captan added to the hay at levels ranging from 0 to 150 ppm. Digestibilities of alfalfa-brome dry matter, cell walls, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and hemicellulose exhibited a curvilinear response to Captan level. Maximum responses occurred at 75 to 100 ppm of added Captan. In the second trial, addition of 75 ppm of Captan to alfalfa brome hay resulted in a significant increase in in vitro dry matter digestibility when fresh rumen fluid was used as the inoculum, but had no effect when distilled water or autoclaved rumen fluid was used as the inoculum. The influence of Captan on rate of in vitro digestion was also examined. Addition of 75 ppm of Captan to alfalfa-brome hay resulted in an apparent increase (19.5%) in rate of cell wall digestion. Five Angus steers were used in an experiment with a 5 x 5 Latin-square design conducted to examine the effects of Captan on in vivo digestibility. Captan was added at 0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 ppm of air dry diet. Steers fed Captan gained faster (P less than .05) and had higher (P less than .05) gains per unit of feed. Digestibilities of dry matter, cell walls, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and protein were higher (P less than .01) for steers fed Captan than for those fed the control diet. There were not significant responses in gain or digestibilities as Captan level increased from 75 to 600 ppm. PMID- 7275863 TI - Factors affecting digestibility of nutrients by sheep. PMID- 7275862 TI - Trypsin and chymotrypsin development in the neonatal lamb. AB - Twenty-two neonatal lambs were sacrificed at various ages (0, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days postpartum), and assays for trypsin and chymotrypsin activity were conducted on the duodenal section of the small intestine. No trypsin activity was found at birth, but gradual nonsignificant increases in activity were found through day 7 and over a fourfold increase (P less than .01) was observed between days 7 and 14, with no significant changes for the rest of the 42-day study. Chymotrypsin was present at similar levels from birth through day 7, with a twofold increase (P less than .05) in activity between day 7 and 14 and no significant change thereafter. PMID- 7275866 TI - Effect of dietary iodine on tissue iodine content in the bovine. AB - Twelve yearling Holstein steers were blocked by weight and assigned to receive one of three dietary I levels (0, 50 or 400 mg ethylenediamine dihydriodide [EDDI]/head/day) for 4 weeks. Average daily gain, body temperature and respiration rate were measured before and during the I feeding period, and no significant differences among treatment groups were found. Serum total I showed a significant increase with each increment of I. When animals were slaughtered, five muscle samples and liver and thyroid samples were dissected for I analysis. Mean total muscle I levels for the 0-, 50- and 400-mg treatment groups were .092, .127 and .406 micrograms/g wet tissue, respectively, each being different (P less than .05) from the other two. I concentrations did not differ statistically between individual muscles within the 0- and 50-mg treatment groups, but in the 400-mg EDDI group, the trapezius (.469 micrograms/g) and biceps brachii (.569 micrograms/g) muscles had higher (P less than .05) I concentrations than the semimembranous (.316 micrograms/g), psoas major (.365 micrograms/g) and longissimus (.307 micrograms/g). Dietary I increased (P less than .05) liver and thyroid I concentrations in the 400-mg treatment group over those observed for the 0- and 50-mg treatment groups. PMID- 7275867 TI - Effects of lasalocid or monensin on lactate-producing or -using rumen bacteria. AB - Lasalocid or monensin inhibited most of the lactate-producing rumen bacteria (Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Eubacterium cellulosolvens, E. ruminantium, Lachnospira multiparus, Lactobacillus ruminis, L. vitulinus, Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Streptococcus bovis). Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from .38 to 3.0 micrograms/ml. Among the lactate producers, those that produce succinate as a major end product (Bacteroides, Selenomonas, Succinimonas, Succinivibrio) were not inhibited by lasalocid or monensin. Also, none of the major lactate fermenters (Anaerovibrio, Megasphaera, Selenomonas) was inhibited by lasalocid or monensin. Veillonella alcalescens was inhibited by 24 micrograms/ml of lasalocid but was resistant to monensin. Hence, the reported increase in propionate in lasalocid- or monensin-fed cattle may result from selection for succinate producers and lactate fermenters. Lasalocid and monensin appeared to inhibit selectively the production of L(+), but not D(-) lactic acid. The inhibition of major lactate-producing bacteria (Streptococcus and Lactobacillus) suggests that lasalocid or monensin may be used to prevent lactic acidosis in ruminants. PMID- 7275869 TI - A chemical indicator for the rapid measurement of F0 values. PMID- 7275865 TI - Short-term metabolic response in wethers to high dietary protein intake prior to fasting. AB - Twenty crossbred wether lambs (average body weight 38.9 kg) were examined for selected metabolic responses during fasting as affected by dietary protein level prior to fasting. Animals were fed diet analyzed at 10.4 and 20.3% crude protein (diets A and B, respectively) for 3 weeks and then fasted for 7 days. jugular blood samples were collected 4, 28, 52, 76, 100, 124 and 148 hr after the last feeding. Plasma glucose declined (P less than .05) between 4 and 52 hr, after which no further differences in plasma glucose occurred within or between treatment groups. Plasma urea N (PUN) was higher (P less than .05) in lambs fed diet B at 4, 28, and 52 hr postfeeding. In wethers fed diet A, PUN increased (P less than .05) from 28 to 76 hr postfeeding and then declined to prefasting levels. In wethers fed diet B, PUN did not begin to decrease until 76 hr postfeeding and then gradually declined (P less than .05) until the end of the fast. Plasma ammonia N increased (P less than .05) and plasma albumin decreased (P less than .05) during fasting in both treatment groups, but no differences were observed between the two groups in either parameter. The data support the existence of a "glucose-alanine" cycle in that alanine decreased (P less than .05) in both groups whereas glucose remained constant and PUN increased. Together, these factors suggest enhanced gluconeogenesis from amino acids. Increased branch-chain amino acid oxidation may be responsible for the decrease (P less than .05) in total branched-chain amino acids observed during fasting. The higher dietary protein intake of lambs fed diet B apparently afforded some nutritional advantage, since most of the changes observed occurred approximately 24 hr later in these lambs than in those fed the lower protein diet A before fasting. PMID- 7275868 TI - Correlation of growth depression of chicks with the presence of Streptococcus faecium in the gut. PMID- 7275871 TI - A note on the use of membrane faecal coliform medium for enhancing resolution and accuracy when enumerating a small plaquing coliphage. PMID- 7275870 TI - A note on the persistence of Salmonella havana and faecal coliforms on a naturally contaminated piggery effluent disposal site. PMID- 7275872 TI - [Histopathological findings of serial preparation including the total length of nerve or Extrimitas thracica in leprosy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7275873 TI - [Counting of acid-fast bacteria by the nuclepore membrane filter method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7275874 TI - [Radiological studies on changes in calcaneus trabecula in leprosy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7275875 TI - Studies on search for a promising immunopotentiative substance for treatment of leprosy. (I) Analytical studies on bamboo grass. PMID- 7275876 TI - Animal models as predictors of therapeutic efficacy in bacterial infections in humans. PMID- 7275877 TI - Do antibiotics really prolong salmonella excretion? PMID- 7275878 TI - Erythromycin in legionnaires' disease: a re-appraisal. PMID- 7275879 TI - In vitro evaluation of rosaramicin with special reference to the risk of resistance. PMID- 7275880 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from humans with diarrhoea and from healthy chickens. PMID- 7275881 TI - The inhibitory effect of various antiseptics, analgesics and lubricants on mycoplasmas. PMID- 7275882 TI - Pharmacokinetics of sulphametrole and its metabolite N4-acetylsulphametrole in man. PMID- 7275883 TI - A simple method for the detection of resistance plasmids in Serratia species by transfer to members of the genus Enterobacter. PMID- 7275885 TI - The activity of nitro-compounds against Bacteroides fragilis is related to their electron affinity. PMID- 7275886 TI - Lead in preserved duck eggs: field screening test and confirmation and quantitation by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and anodic stripping voltammetry. AB - Analysis of preserved duck eggs in this laboratory by acid digestion and atomic absorption spectrophotometry has shown that addition of lead salts to the egg coating to speed the preservation process results in lead in the egg albumen and yolk. The lead levels decrease as the lead passes through successive membranes, i.e., the lead level in the yolk is lower than that in the albumen. A method has been developed for the field screening of preserved duck eggs for the presence of lead in which a portion of the egg coating is shaken with 4% acetic acid, and the resulting solution is tested by a modification of the AOAC dithizone method. A quantitative method for laboratory confirmation of lead in egg albumen and/or yolk has also been developed in which lead is determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry or anodic stripping voltammetry after closed-system Teflon-cup digestion with nitric acid. PMID- 7275884 TI - Susceptibility of Yersinia enterocolitica to eight beta-lactam antibiotics and clavulanic acid. PMID- 7275887 TI - Thin layer chromatographic and atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of methyl mercury. AB - A method is presented for determining methyl mercury that combines thin layer chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The procedure is based on a previously reported method and entails isolating methyl mercury on a thin layer chromatogram, scraping adsorbent into an ignition tube, heating the tube, and moving the mercury vapor under vacuum into an absorption cell where it absorbs light at 253.7 nm. The procedure is sensitive to 0.7 ng Hg. Methyl mercury is extracted from biological samples by distilling, and then extracting with dithizone-chloroform. The extract is concentrated and applied to a thin layer chromatographic plate. The overall sensitivity of the method varies with sample size. For 100 g samples, the method is sensitive to about 8 ng Hg (as methyl mercury)/g (9 ppb). PMID- 7275888 TI - Microdiffusion and fluoride-specific electrode determination of fluoride in infant foods: collaborative study. AB - Twelve laboratories analyzed (1 replicate) 12 samples of infant foods--milk, pears, and peas--containing 0.2-5 ppm F. There was one laboratory outlier. Mean coefficients of variation were 7.06% for intralaboratory determination of 3 sets of blind duplicates and 21.6% for interlaboratory determination of 12 samples. Variance analysis for all samples yielded a reproducibility standard deviation of 0.41 ppm; for 3 sets of blind duplicates, repeatability standard deviation was 0.26 ppm and reproducibility standard deviation was 0.32 ppm. PMID- 7275891 TI - Distinguishing common food-contaminating bat hairs from certain feather barbules. AB - Differences are described between common food-contaminating vespertilionid bat hairs (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and similar-appearing downy feather barbules of passeriform birds, including cuticular scales, pigment distribution, and basal characteristics. Fifteen imported food samples analyzed over a 1 1/2 year period were contaminated with these bat hairs. PMID- 7275889 TI - Open digestion modification of AOAC method for determination of mercury in fish. AB - The vanadium pentoxide-catalyzed reflux method has been modified to allow open digestion of samples in preparation for determination of organic and inorganic mercury. The reflux digestion performed with a bunsen burner resulted in charred samples, but digestions performed in tubes in a 95-100 degrees C water bath were satisfactory. As many as 40 digestions can be carried out simultaneously, and the technique offers a fast and simple approach to digestion, dilution, and transfer. PMID- 7275890 TI - Modified colorimetric method for determining indole in shrimp. AB - A modified spectrophotometric method for measuring indole in shrimp is described. The method was developed to eliminate the time-consuming steam distillation and expensive instrumentation required by the official AOAC methods. Indole is extracted with light petroleum from trichloroacetic acid-precipitated shrimp muscle. The extracted indole, soluble in light petroleum, is reacted and re extracted with Ehrlich's reagent; indole in the form of a rose indole complex can be determined spectrophotometrically. When shrimp at various degrees of decomposition were analyzed for indole by the modified method as well as by the official AOAC colorimetric method, the correlation coefficient between the data from the 2 methods was 0.98. PMID- 7275892 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of sulfamethazine in swine and cattle tissues. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method is described for determining sulfonamide residues in animal tissues, with specificity for 7 sulfonamides. Residues are extracted from tissues with acetone-chloroform, fatty substances are removed, and the sulfonamide residue is methylated with diazomethane in acetone ether to render it amenable to determination by gas-liquid chromatography on an all-glass column suitable for direct on-column injection and a Ni electron capture detector. Quantitation is achieved by external standardization. The method has a validated limit of sensitivity of 0.10 ppm with the corresponding control values for all tissues being less than 0.01 ppm. Satisfactory recoveries have been obtained for sulfamethazine in swine and cattle tissues. Specificity for sulfamethazine in the presence of sulfathiazole, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfadimethoxine, sulfabromomethazine, sulfaethoxypyridazine, and sulfachloropyrazine is attained by resolution of the respective methyl derivatives on the GLC column. PMID- 7275893 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic-thermal energy determination of N nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetics. AB - Methods for the determination and confirmation of N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) in cosmetic products were developed. The NDELA fraction was isolated from a cosmetic product by a series of solvent extractions which were designed to concentrate the NDELA and remove ingredients deleterious to the analytical system. The isolated fraction was then analyzed for NDELA using a high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC) interfaced with a thermal energy analyzer (TEA). The compound was measured by comparison of detector response with those of known standards. NDELA was verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the silyl derivative after preliminary cleanup of the sample by gradient elution HPLC on a Partisil 10 PAC column. The limit of detection of NDELA by TEA is 2-3 ng, which corresponds to 20-30 ppb in the cosmetic product. Analysis of an emulsion cream and a hair grooming gel spiked at 3 and 4 ng concentration levels, respectively, yielded recoveries ranging from 71 to 103% (average 88%). PMID- 7275894 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic determination of lactose in milk. AB - A rapid and simple high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of lactose in milk was developed. Samples were diluted with 0.5% perchloric acid and centrifuged, and an aliquot of the supernate was mixed with acetonitrile. Lactose was separated on a 10 micron particle-size silica column with aqueous acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The recovery of lactose from whole, skim, and chocolate milk averaged 99.2, 101.1, and 100.4%, respectively. Coefficients of variation for routinely performed duplicate determinations are between 1.0 and 1.5%. PMID- 7275895 TI - Analytical methods for sulfonamides in foods and feeds. II. Performance characteristics of sulfonamide methods. AB - Important factors in interpretation of methods for sulfonamides in tissues are value of the blank, use or omission of recovery factors, and precision of the methods. For determining sulfonamide in tissues, no interlaboratory collaborative studies have been performed to provide reproducibility parameters. By assuming comparability with other tissue residue methods at equivalent concentrations, it may be anticipated that the coefficient of variation within-laboratories of the Bratton-Marshall method is about 15% at concentrations of a fraction of a part per million. It is estimated that the limit of reliable measurement of the Bratton-Marshall method is about 0.2 ppm, varying with the individual laboratory. This value is higher than the tolerance it is intended to enforce. Obviously, the method in this case has been stretched beyond its original claimed capabilities. This method also has high blanks and low recoveries. Assignment of sufficient resources to the solution of the problem by regulatory agencies has resulted in methods capable of handling the sulfonamide residue problem at 0.1 ppm. PMID- 7275897 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of methyl and propyl p hydroxybenzoates in comminuted meats. AB - A method was developed for determining methyl and propyl p-hydroxybenzoates (methyl and propyl parabens) in comminuted meats. The parabens were extracted from the meat sample with acetonitrile. After filtering, the extract was analyzed by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography, using a 254 nm absorbance detector. Samples of bologna, chicken roll, and chopped ham were fortified with approximately 100, 200, and 400 ppm of each paraben. Average recoveries were 92% for methyl paraben and 94% for propyl paraben. PMID- 7275896 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of aniline metabolites of substituted urea and carbamate herbicides in aqueous solution. AB - A simple gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method has been developed which provides sensitivity and specificity for the analysis of complex mixtures of the commonly occurring herbicide metabolites aniline, 3-chloroaniline, 4 chloroaniline, 4-bromoaniline, and 3-chloro-4-methylaniline. All of these anilines react with acetic anhydride directly in basified aqueous solution. Further reaction of the acetylated anilines with trifluoroacetic anhydride gave diacyl derivatives which were readily resolved by gas chromatography. The structures of the N-acetylated and N-trifluoroacetylated derivatives of benzylamine (internal standard) and the anilines were confirmed by GLC-mass spectrometry. In distilled water the minimum detectable concentrations of aniline and the substituted anilines, using electron capture GLC, are 0.1 nmole/100 mL and 0.05 nmole/100 mL, respectively. The detection limit for the anilines is 1 nmole/100 mL distilled water, using GLC with flame ionization detection. The technique was applied to the determination of anilines added to urine samples obtained from the general population. PMID- 7275898 TI - Application of chiral lanthanide nuclear magnetic resonance shift reagents to pharmaceutical analysis. II. Determination of dextro- and levoamphetamine mixtures. AB - Optically pure d- and l-amphetamine sulfate, as well as various mixtures of the 2 enantiomers, were analyzed using a europium chiral nuclear magnetic resonance shift reagent. The enantiomeric shift difference (delta delta delta) exhibited by the doublet associated with the alpha-methyl protons was large enough to differentiate between the levo- and dextro-isomers. The alpha-methyl protons were decoupled and the enantiomeric composition was determined by using the peak heights of the resulting singlets. As little as 5% of the levo-isomer in the presence of the dextro-isomer can be determined using this method. The method is applicable to the analysis of bulk drug and pharmaceutical preparations. PMID- 7275899 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of sulfisoxazole in pharmaceuticals and separation patterns of other sulfonamides. AB - A high pressure liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the identification and determination of sulfisoxazole in tablet, liquid, and ointment dosage forms. The method specifies a mu Bondapak C18 column, an acetonitrile acetic acid-water (22.5 + 1 + 76.5) mobile phase, and ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. For quantitative purposes, sulfabenzamide is used as an internal standard. Commercial preparations were analyzed by the proposed method and results were compared with those obtained by the U.S. Pharmacopoeia XIX and National Formulary XIV methods; good agreement was obtained. The elution behaviors of 19 additional sulfonamides were also established to verify the specificity of the proposed method for sulfisoxazole. These elutions patterns show potential for separation and identification of all 20 sulfonamides. PMID- 7275900 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of atropine sulfate in the presence of phenylmercury (II) acetate. AB - Two-component spectrophotometric method of analysis using 2 wavelengths, the method of least squares using absorbances, the method using 2-orthogonal function coefficients, and the method of least squares using orthogonal function coefficients have been applied to the determination of atropine sulfate in the presence of phenylmercury (II) acetate, compounds whose spectra overlap. The first method gave erroneous results; the second method gave satisfactory results for synthetic mixtures. The fourth method was superior, especially in the presence of irrelevant absorption. It has been successfully used for determining atropine sulfate in injection solutions in which a cubic irrelevant absorption was present. Results were in good agreement with those obtained by the official method. PMID- 7275901 TI - Bromination methods for determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride in nose drops, salicylamide in tablets, and tetracycline hydrochloride in capsules. AB - Two methods, kinetic and titrimetric, based on an electrophilic substitution reaction with bromine, are described for the assay of phenylephrine hydrochloride in nose drops, salicylamide in tablets, and tetracycline hydrochloride in capsules. The kinetic method depends on the linear relationship between concentration of the drug (microgram/mL) and time (s) for nuclear monobromination, indicated by bleaching of the methyl orange acid color. The titrimetric method is based on addition of excess of bromate-bromide with subsequent determination of excess bromine by an iodide-thiosulfate procedure. This method is also used to count the number of bromine atoms necessary for the electrophilic substitution reaction. Preservatives or tablet-capsule bases do not interfere in either method. Recoveries of drugs added to laboratory-prepared samples were good. As indicated by the F-test, the methods are equally reproducible. PMID- 7275902 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic determination of clotrimazole in pharmaceutical formulations. AB - A simple stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed which separates clotrimazole from impurities and decomposition products in bulk drugs, creams, tablets, and solutions. Average recovery data for drug substance added to placebos were: tablet, 99.8%; solution, 99.5%; and cream, 100.0%. Average reproducibilities (RSD) on drug substance and formulations were: drug substance, 1.3%; tablets, 1.8%; solutions, 1.1%; and creams, 0.6%. HPLC assay results for both fresh and degraded samples agree with USP XX titration assay results. The method allows for the simultaneous determination of (o-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethanol hydrolysis product impurity. PMID- 7275903 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of hydrocortisone acetate ointments: interlaboratory study. AB - An interlaboratory was carried out on a high performance liquid chromatographic method for determining hydrocortisone acetate in ointments. The method represents an alternative to the colorimetric procedure of the British Pharmacopoeia. Two samples of a commercially available hydrocortisone acetate ointment were analyzed by 14 laboratories. Column performance and precision of the assay were satisfactory. The total error standard deviation for the method was 3.69%. PMID- 7275904 TI - Separation and characterization of standard propoxyphene diastereomers and their determination in pharmaceutical and illicit preparations. AB - Due to the existence of 2 asymmetric carbon atoms in the propoxyphene molecule, there are 4 diastereomers: alpha dextro, alpha levo, beta dextro, and beta levo. Only alpha-d-propoxyphene is included under the federal Controlled Substances Act. Baseline separations of propoxyphene from various incipients (aspirin, caffeine, phenacetin, and acetaminophen) present in pharmaceutical and illicit preparations, and between the alpha and beta diastereomers, were achieved by high pressure liquid chromatography. The column eluant was collected and propoxyphene was extracted. The optical isomers were differentiated and characterized by melting points and by chemical microcrystalline tests. Using hot stage thermomicroscopy, the eutectic melting points of binary isomeric mixtures of propoxyphene bases and salts were found to be depressed about 10 degrees and 15 30 degrees C, respectively, below the individual isomer melting points. The characteristic microcrystals formed with the alpha racemic mixtures by using a glycerin-aqueous gold chloride reagent were not produced by the beta racemic mixtures. PMID- 7275905 TI - Mass spectral quantitation of cocaine HCl in powders. AB - Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) using a mass spectrometer (MS) as a detector is used for the quantitative determination of cocaine HCl in powders. After the sample is dissolved in methanol containing deuterated cocaine HCl internal standard, an aliquot is injected into the GLC-MS system with the mass spectrometer operating in the scan mode. The cocaine HCl concentration is calculated from the 303/308 m/e ratio. The procedure has a relative deviation of approximately 2.3% and is applicable to samples containing a wide variety of diluents and adulterants. PMID- 7275906 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic determination of methapyrilene hydrochloride in feed and sleep aid tablets. AB - Methapyrilene hydrochloride (MP-HCl) was extracted from feed with methanol and determined by reverse phase partition chromatography in less than 15 min, using isocratic elution with acetonitrile-1.1% ammonium carbonate (1 + 1) as the mobile phase. This procedure was tested on feed treated with MP-HCl at levels of 125, 500, and 2000 ppm. Recoveries were 104, 95, and 96% with coefficients of variation of 2.4, 1.6, and 0.6%, respectively. MP-HCl in feed was stable for 14 days. This method was also successfully used to determine MP-HCl in 3 sleep aid tablets. PMID- 7275908 TI - Comparative efficiency of brilliant green, bismuth sulfite, Salmonella-Shigella, hektoen enteric, and xylose lysine desoxycholate agars for the recovery of Salmonella from foods: collaborative study. AB - The relative efficiency of brilliant green (BG), bismuth sulfite (BS), Salmonella Shigella (SS), xylose lysine desoxycholate (XLD), and Hektoen enteric (HE) agars for the recovery of Salmonella from 5 foods was collaboratively studied in 11 laboratories. The analytical efficiency of various paired combinations of the 5 agars was statistically compared according to 3 parameters: (1) productivity or recovery of Salmonella, (2) rate of enumeration of cultures that were false positive for Salmonella, and (3) rate of enumeration of false-negative reactions. In descending order of productivity, the sequential ranking was BS, XLD, HE, BG, and SS agars. In ascending order, the rates of false-positive reactions based on a statistical analysis of paired agar combinations was HE, BS, BG and XLD (tie), and SS agars. Analogously, in ascending order, the sequence of false-negative reaction rates was BS, XLD, HE, BG, and SS agars. The combination of BS, XLD, and HE agars is more efficient for recovery of Salmonella from foods than is the present official combination of BG, BS, and SS agars. The revision of official final action method 46.054 to replace the combination of BG, BS, and SS agars with a combination of BS, XLD, and HE agars has been adopted official first action. PMID- 7275907 TI - Pre-enrichment broths for recovery of Salmonella from milk chocolate and edible casein: collaborative study. AB - A collaborative study was conducted to compare the relative efficiency of nonfat dry milk with brilliant green dye (NFDM-BG and buffered peptone water (BPW) as pre-enrichment broths for recovery of Salmonella from milk chocolate. Lactose broth and modified lactose broth with added 1% NaHCO3 and brilliant green dye were compared as pre-enrichment broths for recovery of Salmonella from edible casein. Two sets of 8 samples each of milk chocolate, containing initial levels of Salmonella ranging from less than 0.03 to 43 organisms/g, were examined by 13 collaborators. Of 104 determinations, 102 (98.1%) and 100 (96.2%) using NFDM-BG and BPW, respectively, were in agreement with sample results of the control laboratory. Two sets of 7 samples each of edible casein, containing initial levels of Salmonella ranging from less than 0.03 to 93 organisms/g, were also examined by the 13 collaborators. Of 91 determinations, 87 (95.6%) and 88 (96.7%) using lactose broth and modified lactose broth, respectively, were in agreement with sample results of the control laboratory. For recovery of Salmonella, therefore, NFDM-BG pre-enrichment is recommended for milk chocolate, and lactose broth is recommended for casein. The proposed revision of official final action method 46.054-46.067 has been adopted official first action. PMID- 7275909 TI - Rapid method for estimation of N-nitrosodimethylamine in malt beverages. AB - A new, rapid column elution method is described for the estimation of N nitrosodimethylamine in malt beverages. Recoveries for N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodipropylamine fortified at 5 ppb averaged 90 and 91%, respectively. A study of 20 different malt beverages showed that the results obtained with this method compared favorably with those obtained by a direct distillation procedure. PMID- 7275910 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic-thermal energy analyzer determination of N nitrosodimethylamine in beer at low parts per billion level. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) procedure is described for the determination of low ppb levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in beer. The sample is treated with sulfamic acid under acidic conditions followed by alkalinization with dilute KOH, distillation at atmospheric pressure, extraction of NDMA from alkaline aqueous distillate with dichloromethane, concentration of dichloromethane extract by Kuderna-Danish concentrator, and, finally determination by a GLC-thermal energy analyzer technique with N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA) as an internal standard. The method gave results comparable with 2 other well established methods. Recoveries of added NDMA, N-nitrosodiethylamine, and NDPA at levels ranging from 0.08 to 10 ppb were 75-112, 86-115, and 85-109%, respectively. Five replicate analyses of a beer sample gave a mean NDMA concentration (corrected for recovery) of 2.21 +/- 0.08 ppb (+/- SD). Minimum detection limit of the method is about 0.1 ppb. PMID- 7275911 TI - Potential mold growth, aflatoxin production, and antimycotic activity of selected natural spices and herbs. AB - Ground spices and herbs are evaluated as substrates for mycelial growth, sporulation, and aflatoxin production. Three toxigenic strains of Aspergilli, A. flavus ATCC 15548, A. flavus NRRL 3251, and A. parasiticus NRRL 2999, were cultured on moist, commercially packaged herbs and spices. All substrates used were ground and included thyme, celery seed, oregano, cinnamon, ginger, caraway seed, clove, mustard, sesame seed, and rosemary leaves. Following inoculation of the natural materials in sterile bottles containing sterile water, the cultures were incubated 30 days at 23 +/- 4 degrees C. Not all strains of Aspergilli grew, sporulated, or produced toxins. There were definite strain differences and definite substrate differences for the variables evaluated. Sesame seed produced toxins B1, G1, and G2, with a mean of 167 ppm for 3 strains. A. flavus ATCC 15548 was the greatest overall toxin producer followed by A. parasiticus NRRL 2999 and A. flavus NRRL 3251. Ginger and rosemary leaves were also substantial producer substrates. Mustard, caraway seed, and celery seed were judged as intermediate producing substrates. Absolute antimycotic substrates were cinnamon and clove. Antiaflatoxigenic substrates were thyme and oregano. Mustard also may be antimycotic. Aflatoxins B1 and G1 were the more commonly found toxins. PMID- 7275912 TI - Determination of aflatoxins in animal tissues. AB - A method for the determination of aflatoxins in animal tissues has been developed, and applied successfully to beef, swine, chicken, and human livers, and to beef kidney, heart, spleen, muscle, and blood. Blended tissue is denatured with citric acid and extracted with dichloromethane on a wrist-action shaker. After filtration, the extract is partially purified on a silica gel column, and aflatoxins B1 and M1 are determined by 2-dimensional thin layer chromatography and densitometry. Recoveries of B1 and M1 added to meat tissues and blood were approximately 90 and 80%, respectively. The method gave results for a contaminated freeze-dried liver comparable to analyses by 3 other published meat tissue methods. The method is rapid and has a determination limit less than or equal to 0.1 ng/g. In addition, the method uses less toxic and smaller quantities of solvents and chemicals. PMID- 7275914 TI - Liquid chromatographic method for determination of arprinocid in feed: collaborative study. AB - An HPLC method for determining arprinocid [9-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl-9H purin-6-amine] in feed was evaluated in an interlaboratory collaborative study. The samples were prepared in pairs from feeds obtained from 2 commercial feed manufacturers to cover the concentration range 0.0050-0.0070% arprinocid and were distributed to 14 laboratories. Each collaborator was requested to perform one determination on each of 6 samples. In this analytical procedure, the drug is extracted into CHCl3 and, after appropriate sample preparation by liquid-liquid partitioning, determined using a silica column and ultraviolet detection. The means of the analyses reported by the collaborators ranged from 97 to 104% of the true concentration of arprinocid and were not significantly different (P greater than 0.1) from the true values. The average coefficient of variation was 6.8%. The precision standard deviations of the 3 unit blocks (sr) were each less than 0.0004% arprinocid, and the F-test demonstrated that systematic error (sb) did not make a statistically significant contribution (P greater than 0.1) to the standard deviation of the data (sd). This method has been adopted official first action. PMID- 7275913 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of nifursol in finished feeds. AB - Nifursol is extracted from feed with acetonitrile, and then washed with carbon disulfide to remove feed interferences. An aliquot is concentrated, diluted with 5% NaCl solution, filtered, and then subjected to high pressure liquid chromatography on a strong anion exchange column, using 365 nm photometric detection. The average recovery of nifursol from fortified feed samples was 100.6% with an average coefficient of variation of 3.5%. The nifursol determination is not subject to interference from the other commonly used nitrofurans. PMID- 7275917 TI - Biophotography salary survey--1980. PMID- 7275916 TI - Endoscopic photography in otolaryngology. PMID- 7275915 TI - Bacitracin determination in feeds: evaluation of methods. AB - Assay of bacitracin activity in feeds is subject to many sources of variation. Bacitracin standards are complex mixtures and may contain various amounts of less active forms of bacitracin. Test organisms may respond differently to these mixtures. Collaborative studies should involve the use of one standard, perhaps USP zinc bacitracin. The use of different types of bacitracin standards (regular or zinc) in a laboratory may contribute to variation in sample potency. The pyridine extraction method is subject to serious operational difficulties. Among the contributing factors are incomplete evaporation of pyridine (causing positive bias), allowing the temperature to increase too much during evaporation (causing negative bias), and the numerous manipulative steps in the technique (causing large variability). Because of these factors and the toxic properties of pyridine, the method finds little use. Methanol extraction offers a better substitute for determining zinc or methylene disalicylate bacitracin in premixes and complete feeds by the plate method. PMID- 7275918 TI - Abdominal aortographic studies in renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7275920 TI - Infective thyroiditis: (an analysis of 30 cases). PMID- 7275919 TI - "Platelet function, fibrinogen and MISFI--an immunohaematological study in sickle cell crisis". PMID- 7275921 TI - Algal forms in house dust samples and their role in respiratory allergy--a preliminary report. PMID- 7275922 TI - Prevalence of abnormal hemoglobins, thalassaemia and erythrocyte glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Kashmiris: a preliminary study. PMID- 7275923 TI - Typhoid fever presenting as cerebellar ataxia. PMID- 7275924 TI - Neostigmine in the treatment of snake bite. PMID- 7275925 TI - Typus Degenerativus Amstelodamensis Cornelia de-Lange syndrome: (case report). PMID- 7275926 TI - A family with Marfan's syndrome. PMID- 7275927 TI - Lead poisoning in papier machie workers in Kashmir: (case report). PMID- 7275928 TI - Isolation and development of chlorosomes in the green bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. AB - Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to study further the changes in chlorosome structure during the development of the photosynthetic apparatus in Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl. During development, in response to decreased light intensity or lower oxygen tension, the number of chlorosomes per cell increased. The same conditions also led to a general thickening of chlorosomes but did not affect their length or width. The thickening of the chlorosomes paralleled increases in the bacteriochlorophyll c/bacteriochlorophyll a ratio. Semiaerobic induction of the photosynthetic apparatus did not produce a synchronous assembly of chlorosomes in all cells of a given culture. Even adjacent cells of a single filament showed great variations in the rate and extent of response. Parallel appearance of (i) approximately 5-nm particles (in a lattice configuration) in the membrane attachment site, (ii) the crystalline baseplate material (with a periodicity of approximately 6 nm) adjacent to the membrane attachment site, and (iii) the chlorosome envelope layer preceded addition of longitudinally oriented, rodlike elements (diameter, congruent to 6 m) to the chlorosome core. It is estimated that each chlorosome can funnel energy into approximately 100 reaction centers. Chlorosomes could be isolated by a simple density gradient procedure only from cells grown at low light intensity. A bacteriochlorophyll a species absorbing at 790 nm was associated with isolated chlorosomes. Lithium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of chlorosomes showed only a few low-molecular-weight polypeptides (less than 15,000). PMID- 7275930 TI - Mating types and macrocyst formation in Dictyostelium. AB - Macrocysts have been found among strains of Dictyostelium rosarium Raper and Cavender (K. B. Raper and J. C. Cavender, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 84:31-47, 1968). Strains that exhibit mating capabilities could be classified into one of three mating types: A1, A2, or A3. Each mating type was self-incompatible but cross-compatible with the other two types in most cases. No self-fertile strain was observed. Wet conditions, darkness, and moderate nutrient particularly favored macrocyst production; opposite conditions generally favored asexual sorocarp formation. Macrocyst development followed the same morphogenetic pattern reported previously for other species of Dictyostelium. Cultures exposed to light in stages prior to precyst appearance could be switched from macrocyst to sorocarp development. In contrast, precysts always developed into macrocysts despite the presence of light. There appeared to be an "all-or-none" phenomenon in macrocyst production, suggesting that transformation to macrocysts occurred once certain light-sensitive critical factors had reached a threshold level. Intimate association of cells of mating pairs appeared to be essential for macrocyst formation, and no mating hormones were detected. PMID- 7275929 TI - Semiaerobic induction of bacteriochlorophyll synthesis in the green bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. AB - Comparison of Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl cells by freeze-fracture electron microscopy showed that cell shape and dimensions did not depend on oxygen tension or light intensity during growth. The major morphological difference between cells cultured anaerobically in the light and aerobically in the dark was the absence of chlorosomes in aerobically grown cells. C. aurantiacus cells cultured aerobically in the dark began bacteriochlorophyll synthesis immediately when shifted to either phototrophic or semiaerobic conditions. Cells adapting to phototrophic conditions grew to the same density and synthesized as much bacteriochlorophyll as nonadapting phototrophic cultures grown at the same light intensity. Cells adapting to reduced oxygen tension (semiaerobic conditions) in the dark entered an 8- to 12-h growth lag during which the bacteriochlorophyll content increased significantly. Despite variations in the initial bacteriochlorophyll content and in the length of the growth lag, the amounts of bacteriochlorophyll a and c were constant at the end of the semiaerobic growth lag. At later times during adaptation to semiaerobic conditions, after growth resumed, variations in the ratio of bacteriochlorophyll c/bacteriochlorophyll a were observed and suggested independent regulation of the two bacteriochlorophylls. PMID- 7275931 TI - Developmental cycle of Coxiella burnetii: structure and morphogenesis of vegetative and sporogenic differentiations. AB - Coxiella burnetii is a gram-variable obligate intracellular bacterium which carries out its development cycle in the phagolysosome of eucaryotic cells. Ultrastructural analysis of C. burnetii, in situ and after Renografin purification, by transmission electron microscopy of lead-stained thin sections has revealed extreme pleomorphism as demonstrated by two morphological cell types, a large cell variant (LCV) and a small cell variant (SCV). Potassium permanganate staining of purified rickettsiae revealed a number of differences in the internal structures of the cell variants. (i) The outer membrane of the sCV and LCV were comparable; however, the underlying dense layer of the SCV was much wider and more prominent than that of the LCV. The periplasmic space of the SCV was not readily visualized, whereas the periplasmic space of the LCV was apparent and resembled that of other gram-negative bacteria. (ii) Complex internal membranous intrusions which appeared to originate from the cytoplasmic membrane were observed in the SCV. The LCV did not harbor an extensive membranous system. (iii) Some LCVs contained a dense body in the periplasmic space. This endogenous structure appeared to arise in one pole of the LCV as an electrondense "cap" formation with the progressive development of a dense body approximately 130 to 170 nm in diameter which was eventually surrounded by a coat of at least four layers. Our observations suggest that the morphogenesis of C. burnetii is comparable, although not identical, to cellular differentiation of endospore formation. A developmental cycle consisting of vegetative and sporogenic differentiation is proposed. PMID- 7275932 TI - Purification and disposition of a surface protein associated with virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida. AB - Virulent strains of Aeromonas salmonicida observed by electron microscopy were characterized by an outer layer exhibiting a tetragonal repeat pattern. Attenuated strains had a 2.5 X 10(3)- to 5 X 10(3)-fold reduction in virulence and lost the outer layer, autoaggregating properties, and a 49-kilodalton protein (A protein) simultaneously. The A protein is the major protein component of outer membrane fractions of virulent strains. A variety of radiolabeling studies showed that this protein was surface localized and that it provided an effective barrier against iodination of other outer membrane proteins with either lactoperoxidase or diazoiodosulfanilic acid; A protein was not labeled with lactoperoxidase but was specifically labeled with diazoidosulfanilic acid. The A protein was purified by selective extraction with detergent and guanidine hydrochloride, and its amino acid composition was determined. The properties of A protein are compared with those of other bacterial surface layer proteins. PMID- 7275933 TI - Isolation, properties, function, and regulation of endo-(1 leads to 3)-beta glucanases in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - Cell-free extracts, membranous fractions, and cell wall preparations from Schizosaccharomyces pombe were examined for the presence of (1 --> 3)-beta-, (1 - > 3)-alpha-, and (1 --> 6)-beta-glucanase activities. The various glucanases were assayed in cells at different growth stages. Only (1 --> 3)-beta-glucanase activity was found, and this was associated with the cell wall fraction. Chromatographic fractionation of the crude enzyme revealed two endo-(1 --> 3) beta-glucanases, designated as glucanase I and glucanase II. Glucanase I consisted of two subunits of molecular weights 78,500 and 82,000, and glucanase II was a single polypeptide of 75,000. Although both enzymes had similar substrate specificities and similar hydrolytic action on laminarin, glucanase II had much higher hydrolytic activity on isolated cell walls of S. pombe. On the basis of differential lytic activity on cell walls, glucanase II was shown to be present in conjugating cells and highest in sporulating cells. Glucanase II appeared to be specifically involved in conjugation and sporulation since vegetative cells and nonconjugating and nonsporulating cells did not contain this enzyme. The appearance of glucanase II in conjugating cells may be due to de novo enzyme synthesis since no activation could be demonstrated by combining extracts from vegetative and conjugating cells. Increased glucanase activity occurred when walls from conjugating cells were combined with walls from sporulating cells. Studies with trypsin and proteolytic inhibitors suggest that glucanase II exists as a zymogen in conjugating cells. A temperature-sensitive mutant of S. pombe was isolated which lysed at 37 degrees C. Glucanase activity was higher in vegetative cells held at 37 degrees C than cells held at 25 degrees C. Unlike the wild-type strain, this mutant contained glucanase II activity during vegetative growth and may be a regulatory mutant. PMID- 7275934 TI - Purification and characterization of surface fibrils from taxonomically typical Actinomyces viscosus WVU627. AB - Fibrils of Actinomyces viscosus WVU627 (numerical taxonomy cluster 1) were obtained by homogenization and purified by ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitations, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. Electron microscopy and resolution of a single band by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis attested to the purity of the preparation. Purified fibrils were composed mainly of protein; small quantities of carbohydrate and phosphorus were detected. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed only a single precipitable antigen, which migrated slightly toward the anode, in reactions between purified fibrils and antiserum raised against either whole bacterial cells or the purified fibrils themselves. Immunoelectron microscopy with ferritin-conjugated antifibril antibody hemagglutination inhibition, and bacterial agglutination tests demonstrated that fibrils of Actinomyces viscosus cluster 1 strains shared some common antigens with clusters 2, 3, 4 and 6, but did not cross-react with typical Actinomyces naeslundii of cluster 5. Stability tests revealed that after heat or alkali treatment, the fibrils lost their antigenicity and disappeared from electron micrographs. They were affected less by sodium dodecyl sulfate, sonic, or acid treatments. PMID- 7275936 TI - Pigments of Staphylococcus aureus, a series of triterpenoid carotenoids. AB - The pigments of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and purified, and their chemical structures were determined. All of the 17 compounds identified were triterpenoid carotenoids possessing a C30 chain instead of the C40 carotenoid structure found in most other organisms. The main pigment, staphyloxanthin, was shown to be alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 1-O-(4,4'-diaponeurosporen-4-oate) 6-O-(12 methyltetradecanoate), in which glucose is esterified with both a triterpenoid carotenoid carboxylic acid and a C15 fatty acid. It is accompanied by isomers containing other hexoses and homologs containing C17 fatty acids. The carotenes 4,4'-diapophytoene, 4,4'-diapophytofluene, 4-4'-diapophytofluene, 4-4'-diapo-zeta carotene, 4,4'-diapo-7,8,11,12-tetrahydrolycopene, and 4,4'-diaponeurosporene and the xanthophylls 4,4'-diaponeurosporenal, 4,4'-diaponeurosporenoic acid, and glucosyl diaponeurosporenoate were also identified, together with some of their isomers or breakdown products. The symmetrical 4,4'-diapo- structure was adopted for these triterpenoid carotenoids, but an alternative unsymmetrical 8'-apo structure could not be excluded. PMID- 7275935 TI - Plasmid- and chromosome-mediated dissimilation of naphthalene and salicylate in Pseudomonas putida PMD-1. AB - Pseudomonas putida PMD-1 dissimilates naphthalene (Nah), salicylate (Sal), and benzoate (Ben) via catechol which is metabolized through the meta (or alpha-keto acid) pathway. The ability to utilize salicylate but not naphthalene was transferred from P. putida PMD-1 to several Pseudomonas species. Agarose gel electrophoresis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from PMD-1 and Sal+ exconjugants indicated that a plasmid (pMWD-1) of 110 megadaltons is correlated with the Sal+ phenotype; restriction enzyme analysis of DNA from Sal+ exconjugants indicated that plasmid pMWD-1 was transmitted intact. Enzyme analysis of Sal+ exconjugants demonstrated that the enzymes required to oxidize naphthalene to salicylate are absent, but salicylate hydroxylase and enzymes of the meta pathway are present. Thus, naphthalene conversion to salicylate requires chromosomal genes, whereas salicylate degradation is plasmid encoded. Comparison of restriction digests of plasmid pMWD-1 indicated that it differs considerably from the naphthalene and salicylate degradative plasmids previously described in P. putida. PMID- 7275937 TI - Proposed pathway of triterpenoid carotenoid biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus: evidence from a study of mutants. AB - Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated which showed changes in pigment composition compared with the parent strain. On the basis of differences in their triterpenoid carotenoid composition they were classified into seven types. In five of these types, there appeared to be a blockage in the biosynthetic pathway which resulted in the absence of some products and accumulation of others. The changes in the other two types appeared to be a consequence of some change in regulation. A scheme for the biosynthesis of triterpenoid carotenoids is presented in which the first C30 intermediate, 4,4'-diapophytoene, is converted via 4,4'-diapophytofluene, 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene, 4,4'-diaponeurosporene, 4,4' diaponeurosporenal, 4,4'-diaponeurosporenoic acid, and glucosyl diaponeurosporenoate to the major pigment staphyloxanthin. PMID- 7275938 TI - Mechanism of thiamine-induced respiratory deficiency in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. AB - Cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 4228 grown aerobically with added thiamine (1 microgram . ml-1) in a vitamin B6-free medium contained no detectable heme precursors, such as delta-aminolevulinate, coproporphyrin III, or protoporphyrin IX. The deficiency in heme precursors in the thiamine-grown cells was accompanied by previously reported phenomena, i.e., growth depression, vitamin B6 deficiency, and respiratory deficiency due to a marked decrease in the activities of heme containing enzymes and cytochrome level (I. Nakamura et al., FEBS Lett. 62: 354 358, 1976). It has been reported that all of the effects of thiamine are abolished by adding pyridoxine to the medium. delta-Aminolevulinate was found to have quite similar effects to those of pyridoxine, except that growth was partially improved by delta-aminolevulinate, whereas it was fully restored by pyridoxine. Incubation of the thiamine-grown cells with delta-aminolevulinate resulted in the appearance of the heme precursors and the heme-containing enzymes. Consistent with the lowered amount of vitamin B6, the thiamine-grown cells had a lowered activity of delta-aminolevulinate synthase, a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme. Not only the holoenzyme activity but also the apoenzyme activity was very low in these cells. These results indicate that the thiamine-induced vitamin B6 deficiency brings about the decrease in delta aminolevulinate synthase activity, which leads to heme deficiency and therefore to respiratory deficiency. PMID- 7275940 TI - Characteristics of general hospital patients referred for psychiatric consultation. AB - An analysis of 151 psychiatric consultations at a large publicly supported teaching hospital indicated that referral rates were greater from the medical services as compared with the surgical services. Minorities, elderly, and widowed persons were underrepresented. Depression and organic brain syndromes were the most common diagnoses and the presence of an organic brain syndrome had been frequently missed by the referring physician. PMID- 7275939 TI - Modernization of a mental health act II: outcome effects. AB - The authors studied the effect of Pennsylvania's 1976 Mental Health Procedures Act on the hospital course of involuntarily detained patients. They found that more court hearings to extend commitment were requested, held and approved under the modern law. There was a decrease in the number of schizophrenic patients who signed in voluntarily. They found no change in the mean length of hospitalization under the new law whether patients were voluntary or involuntary. They found that patients did not often sign in voluntarily or go to court within the legally prescribed periods. PMID- 7275941 TI - Mental side effects of amantadine therapy: its spectrum and characteristics in a normal population. AB - A clinical survey of the mental side effects of prophylactic amantadine usage is reported. A total of 43 of 295 hospital employees taking the drug reported some mental side effects. While the majority of the side effects were alterations in mood (elevation or depression), there were also reports of delusions (7%), disturbances in memory and orientation (20%), and night terrors (33%). The author does not feel the findings warrant discontinuing the prophylactic usage of amantadine but do highlight the need for physician and patient education about its side effects. PMID- 7275943 TI - Reliability of tricyclic antidepressant levels -- further questions. PMID- 7275942 TI - Catatonia in the presence of mid-brain and brainstem abnormalities. PMID- 7275945 TI - Bovine renal cortex type I collagen: high contents of 3- and 4-hydroxyprolines. AB - Type I collagen was prepared from bovine renal cortices by pepsin digestion followed by differential salt fractionation, and was identified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, CM-cellulose chromatography, and by the analysis of CNBr-cleavage products of the alpha 1 chain. About 61-87% of total collagen in the tissue was solubilized by this procedure and type I collagen represents about 40% of the collagen solubilized. Renal cortex type I collagen is characteristic in that the extent of hydroxylation of the prolyl residues is high, but that of the lysyl residues is at the same level as in skin. Tissue specific differences in the hydroxylation of prolyl residues of type I collagen are also discussed. PMID- 7275946 TI - D-lactate dehydrogenase of Desulfovibrio vulgaris. AB - D-Lactate dehydrogenase, the starting enzyme for carbon and energy metabolism in dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria, has been purified 36-fold from the soluble fraction of the sonicate of Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Miyazaki. The enzyme is specific for D-lactate (Km = 0.8 mM) and DL-2-hydroxybutyrate (probably its D isomer) as the electron donor substrate. It reduces, in the presence of lactate, various artificial electron acceptors such as 1-methoxyphenazinium methyl sulfate, ferricyanide, tetrazolium dyes, methylene blue, and 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol. When 2 mol of ferricyanide was reduced, 1 mol of pyruvate was produced during the reaction. Among natural electron carriers, only cytochrome c 553 isolated from the same organism can be reduced by the enzyme. The ferric complex of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate can act as an electron acceptor if cytochrome c-553 is present in the reaction system. NAD+, NADP+, FAD, FMN, cytochrome c3, high-molecular-weight cytochrome, eucaryotic cytochromes c (yeast and horse) and O2 could not be reduced. The enzyme does not have any diaphorase activity. The D-lactate dehydrogenase of D. vulgaris must therefore be named D lactate:ferricytochrome c-553 oxidoreductase [EC subclass 1.1.2]. A similar enzyme exists in the formate dehydrogenase-less mutant of D. vulgaris, Miyazaki, and in D. vulgaris, Hildenborough. PMID- 7275944 TI - Hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-chitooligosaccharides catalyzed by human lysozyme. AB - Binding of N-acetyl-chitotetraose, 4-methylumbelliferyl chitotrioside ((GlcNAc)3 MeU), and 4-methylumbelliferyl chitotetraoside ((GlcNAc)4-MeU) to human lysozyme [EC 3.2.1.17] was studied by fluorescence measurement. Hydrolysis of (GlcNAc)3 MeU and (GlcNAc)4-MeU catalyzed by human lysozyme was studied by measuring the release of 4-methylumbelliferone fluorimetrically and the kinetic constants were determined in the pH range of 2 to 8 at 0.1 ionic strength and 42 degrees C. On the basis of binding and kinetic data, it was shown that (GlcNAc)3-MeU binds mainly to subsites A to D with the terminal MeU group bound to subsite D (nonproductive binding) and that (GlcNAc)4-MeU binds to subsites A to E (productive binding) and subsites A to D with the nonreducing sugar residue extending beyond subsite A (nonproductive binding). The pH dependences of the kinetic constants for hydrolysis of (GlcNAc)3-MeU and (GlcNAc)4-MeU were analyzed assuming that nonproductive binding occurs competitively, that an ionizable group in addition to the catalytic groups (Asp 52 and Glu 35) participates in the catalysis, and that the molecular species with ionized Asp 52 and protonated Glu 35 is active. Analyses of the kinetic constants for (GlcNAc)3-MeU and (GlcNAc)4 MeU both gave the same pK values of the catalytic groups (pK52 = 3.6(3) and pK35 = 6.6(8) at 0.1 ionic strength and 42 degrees C). These pK values were very close to the values determined previously by spectroscopic methods in our laboratory (Kuramitsu et al. (1974) J. Biochem. 76, 671-683; (1978) ibid. 83, 159-170; (1980) ibid. 87, 771-778). PMID- 7275947 TI - Biosynthesis of menaquinones. Enzymatic prenylation of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate by Micrococcus luteus membrane fractions. AB - 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoate:polyprenyltransferase was detected in the membrane fraction from Micrococcus luteus. The specificity of the enzyme ws so tolerant as regards the prenyl-donating substrate that prenyl pyrophosphates ranging in chain length from C15 to C45 were active as substrates. The monophosphate esters were also active, though the reactivities were much lower than those of the corresponding pyrophosphates. The enzyme showed rigorous specificity with respect to the aromatic substrate. Neither 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene nor its 2-methyl derivative was active at all. 1,4-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-naphthoate could be prenylated to afford menaquinone, but the reactivity was much less than that of its demethyl derivative. These results support the view that menaquinone biosynthesis involves the prenylation of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate prior to decarboxylation or methylation. PMID- 7275950 TI - Feedback inhibition by methionine and S-adenosylmethionine, and desensitization of homoserine O-acetyltransferase in Brevibacterium flavum. AB - Homoserine O-acetyltransferase [EC 2.3.1.31] partially purified from Brevibacterium flavum was found to be specifically inhibited by the metabolic end products methionine and S-adenosylmethionine only when the enzymatic reaction was performed in the presence of cysteine or dithiothreitol, or after the preincubation of the enzyme with either of the sulfhydryl compounds. p Hydroxymercuribenzoate desensitized the enzyme to inhibition. Concentrations of methionine and S-adenosylmethionine giving 50% inhibition were 4.8 and 0.26 mM, respectively, and 0.5 mM S-adenosylmethionine showed almost complete inhibition. No synergistic action by the two inhibitors was found. Optimum pHs were 7.5 and 8.5 for the inhibition by methionine and S-adenosylmethionine, respectively. The inhibitions by the former and the latter were of mixed type and non-competitive respectively, with respect to both substrates, homoserine and acetyl-CoA. Plots of the reaction rate against concentration of the inhibitors were sigmoidal, indicating the presence of co-operativity. N-Formylmethionine, alpha methylmethionine, trifluoromethionine, selenomethionine, ethionine or S adenosylhomocysteine inhibited the enzyme to almost the same extent as methionine or S-adenosylmethionine. The enzyme irreversibly lost sensitivity to inhibition during extraction or storage. Sensitivity was retained by the addition of cysteine, dithiothreitol, homoserine (substate), or glycerol. PMID- 7275948 TI - Spectroscopic and kinetic properties of the estrogen-induced peroxidase in rat uterine fluid. AB - Uterine fluid was collected from estrogen-primed rats which had each previously been subjected to an operation to close the cervical junction of the uterus. Starting from the uterine fluid, uterine fluid peroxidase was purified by carboxymethyl cellulose column chromatography followed by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. The purity of the enzyme preparation, as estimated by microelectrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, was found to be 70-95%. Absorption spectra of the peroxidase and its derivatives resembled those of lactoperoxidase. The pyridine hemochromogen spectrum of the enzyme was also very similar to that of lactoperoxidase. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 90,000, being similar to that of lactoperoxidase (78,000). Uterine fluid peroxidase has, however, distinctly different properties from lactoperoxidase, for example, in substrate specificity, pH optimum, inhibition by excess hydrogen peroxide, and isoelectric point. PMID- 7275951 TI - Kinetic analysis of the inhibition of anion transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles by a disulfonic stilbene derivative. Measurement of the change in chloride-diffusion potential by using a fluorescent cyanine dye. AB - The characterization of the anion transport system in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles was performed by kinetic analysis of the reversible inhibition of gluconate efflux by a disulfonic stilbene derivative; 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano stilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (SITS). The gluconate efflux in SR vesicles was measured by following the change in Cl- ion-diffusion potential due to the mutual diffusion of Cl- and gluconate- using a potential probe; 3,3' dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (diS-C3-(5)). The main results are as follows. (1) Gluconate efflux was increased by intravesicular gluconate- and was decreased by both extravesicular gluconate- and extravesicular Cl-. (2) Gluconate efflux was depressed when membrane potential became inside-negative. (3) SITS reacted with the site of the anion transport system from the outside of the vesicles and one molecule of SITS inhibited each transport unit. (4) Extravesicular Cl- competed with SITS at the common site of the anion transport system. The dissociation constants for Cl- and SITS are 70 mM and 0.048 microM, respectively. (5) The inhibition of gluconate efflux by SITS was noncompetitive with both intravesicular gluconate and extravesicular gluconate. These results suggest that the anion transport system in SR vesicles can be described by a carrier-mediated transport model in which anions are transported by a mobile transport site accompanied by a net negative charge. PMID- 7275949 TI - Carbohydrate-binding activity of concanavalin A containing various numbers of calcium and manganese ions. AB - After treatment with EDTA, fragment-free concanavalin A (Con A), F3, was fractionated into three major fractions, f1, f2, and f3, by CM-cellulose chromatography. Fully metallized fragment-free Con A, F3M, was prepared by incubation of F3 with excess metal ions and also fractionated into f1M, f2M, and f3M by the same method as for F3. The Con A preparations obtained were analyzed for metal content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and for number of carbohydrate-binding sites by ultraviolet absorbance change on binding of p nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside (PNP . Man) to Con A. Both f1 (Ca: 0.2, Mn: 0.1) and f1M (Ca: 0.4, Mn: 0.2) had less than 0.6 carbohydrate-binding sites per tetramer of Con A. f2 (Ca: 2.1, Mn: 0.9) and f2M (Ca: 2.1, Mn: 1.9) had 1.9 and 1.8 carbohydrate-binding sites, respectively. f3 (Ca: 4.1, Mn: 2.1) and f3M (Ca: 3.8, Mn: 4.0) had 4.1 and 4.2 carbohydrate-binding sites, respectively. Carbohydrate-binding sites of Con A were in a stoichiometric relation to bound Ca2+. The molar absorptivity change at 317 nm was 2 X 10(3) M-1 . cm-1. Precipitation activity of the above Con A preparations towards glycogen was also estimated using glycogen labeled covalently with Remazolbrilliant Blue R. The precipitation activity of Con A as well as PNP . Man-binding was strongly affected by the number of bound Ca2+. A slight contribution by Mn2+ was also detected in the precipitation activity. PMID- 7275952 TI - Purification, crystallization, and properties of plastocyanin from a green alga, Enteromorpha prolifera. AB - Plastocyanin was extracted from a green alga, Enteromorpha prolifera, and purified to an electrophoretically homogeneous state. The ratio of plastocyanin to chlorophyll was 1 : 410. The protein was crystallized; this is the first time that algal plastocyanin has been crystallized. The oxidized form showed absorption maxima at 259, 277, 283.5, 460, 597, and 775 nm, and shoulders at around 253, 265, and 269 nm. The extinction coefficient at 597 nm was 4.7 mM-1.cm 1. The best A277/A597 ratio was 1.3. The maximum at 597 nm shifted to 592.5 nm at 77K. The midpoint redox potential of the plastocyanin was +0.369 volt at pH 7.0 and 26 degrees C. A one-electron change was involved. The molecular weight, estimated by gel filtration, was 12,000, though a minor component with a molecular weight of 22,000 was also observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was at pH 4.1 for the oxidized form. The amino acid composition was: Asp15, Thr6, Ser4, Glu6, Pro5, Gly13, Ala12, Cys1, Val11, Met2, Ile7, Leu4, Tyr3, Phe4, Lys4, His2, Arg1, Trp1, giving a total of 101 residues. Enteromorpha plastocyanin was compared with other plastocyanins from various plants. PMID- 7275953 TI - Electrochemical behaviour of pyridinoline, a crosslinking amino acid of collagen. AB - Pyridinoline is a crosslinking amino acid isolated from collagen. Polarographic oxidation and reduction potentials of pyridinoline were measured and compared with those of structurally related compounds, 3-hydroxypyridine, pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and N-methylpyridoxine. Oxidation and reduction potentials of these compounds were found to be near anodic and cathodic limit potentials, respectively, except for pyridoxal. This indicates that a 3-hydroxypyridine ring is very difficult to be reduced or oxidized. The reducibility of pyridinoline with a reducing agent, sodium borohydride, was also studied. It was not reduced by the reagent, however, it was found to be decomposed by light during the treatment. These results indicate that pyridinoline is a so-called "non reducible" crosslink. PMID- 7275955 TI - Isolation and characterization of two glycophorins from horse erythrocyte membranes. AB - Crude glycophorin fraction was prepared from horse erythrocyte membranes by extraction with lithium diiodosalicylate and partition in aqueous phenol. Two glycophorins, designated glycophorins HA and HB, were isolated by two different techniques: preparative gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and ion-exchange chromatography in the presence of the nonionic detergent Ammonyx LO. Each glycophorin formed at least two bands on gel electrophoresis, which corresponded to a dimeric form and a monomeric form. Glycophorin HA, the major component, had a blocked amino-terminus and consisted of 70% protein and 30% carbohydrate. Glycophorin HB, the minor component, had threonine as the amino terminus and consisted of 80% protein and 20% carbohydrate. Since glycophorin HB showed a chemical composition distinct from that of glycophorin HA, glycophorin HB was not a partially degraded form of glycophorin HA. PMID- 7275954 TI - Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase lacking geranyl-transferring activity from Micrococcus luteus. AB - Geranyl pyrophosphate synthetase, which catalyzes the condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate with dimethylallyl pyrophosphate to give geranyl pyrophosphate, was purified 490-fold from Micrococcus luteus extracts by DEAE-Sephadex, hydroxylapatite, and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The enzyme has a pH optimum at 7.7 and the molecular weight was estimated to be 70,000 by Sephadex gel filtration. The Km values for isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate were 8 microM and 62 microM, respectively. The enzyme required Mg2+ for maximum activity. Tween 80 showed a stimulative effect whereas Triton X-100 was rather inhibitory on the enzyme activity. Inorganic pyrophosphate and iodoacetamide were both potent inhibitors of the enzyme. The purified enzyme fraction was also capable of catalyzing the synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate from isopentenyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl pyrophosphate, but lacked geranyl-transferring activity. The catalytic activities of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthesis and geranyl pyrophosphate synthesis were affected differently by iodoacetamide and Triton X-100. This enzyme fraction may be a mixture of two enzymes, geranyl pyrophosphate synthetase and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase catalyzing the reactions of C5 greater than C10 and C15 greater than C20, respectively, or a single enzyme with two independent catalytic sites responsible for the C5 greater than C10 and C15 greater than C20 reactions. In any case, the existence of a new geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase different from the known geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase catalyzing the continuous condensation reaction of C5 greater than C10 greater than C15 greater than C20 was demonstrated. PMID- 7275956 TI - Crystallization and properties of creatine kinase from equine skeletal muscle. AB - A crystalline creatine kinase was obtained from equine skeletal muscle. The enzyme was homogeneous, as judged by ultracentrifugation and disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. The crystalline enzyme had a specific activity of 110 units per mg of protein, that is, 14-fold purification over the crude extract of equine skeletal muscle. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 84,600 by the conventional low-speed sedimentation equilibrium method, and s020,w was 5.32S. Eight cysteine residues were found on amino acid analysis, two of which were essential for the enzymatic activity. PMID- 7275957 TI - Effect of chymotryptic troponin T subfragments on the Ca2+ sensitivity of superprecipitation. PMID- 7275958 TI - Monovalent monomer derivative of concanavalin A produced by photochemically induced alkylation. AB - Irradiation of tetrameric concanavalin A with a high-pressure mercury lamp in the presence of chloroacetamide and fractionation of the reaction product by affinity chromatography gave a lectin derivative showing a monomeric molecular weight at pH 7.4, with an overall yield of 25%. It retained the intact binding ability against methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. Hemagglutination and glycogen precipitation data suggested the monovalent nature of the derivative. The results of amino acid composition analyses indicated that the photochemically induced alkylation at one or two tryptophan residues per subunit of concanavalin A may be responsible for the dissociation into monovalent monomers which are stable at physiological pH. PMID- 7275960 TI - A new regulatory protein that affects the state of actin polymerization. AB - A new protein factor that regulates the state of actin polymerization was purified from porcine brain by DNase I-agarose chromatography. The purified protein factor consisted of a 1 : 1 complex of 88,000 dalton polypeptide and actin. When actin was polymerized by salt in the presence of the factor, the steady-state viscosity and the sedimentability were greatly reduced. The extent of the reductions was found to be greater in the presence of Ca2+ than in its absence. PMID- 7275962 TI - Gallery. PMID- 7275961 TI - Theory X is alive and well (in continuing medical education). PMID- 7275963 TI - The marketing of instructional materials to health practitioners. AB - With the increasing costs of education, for both practitioners and academic health centers, the time for a different format for continuing education has arrived. An educational resource department is the logical center to the development and management of a project as described in this paper. The educational resource department, the academic health center, and the practitioners can all benefit from turning attention outside academic walls. PMID- 7275964 TI - The unique role of the kidney in gluconeogenesis in the chicken. The significance of a cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. PMID- 7275965 TI - Nonpolar lipid methylation. Biosynthesis of fatty acid methyl esters by rat lung membranes using S-adenosylmethionine. AB - Fatty acid methyl esters are the major radioactive lipid products obtained after incubation of rat lung membranes with [methyl-3H or 14C]S-adenosylmethionine. Evidence which suggests an enzymatic transmethylation includes: time and protein dependence, lack of reaction at 0 degrees C or with heat-denatured membranes, an apparent affinity for S-adenosylmethionine of about 1 microM, inhibition by S adenosylhomocysteine, and lack of inhibition by 0.1% methanol. Activity was highest in microsomes but present in other membranous fractions. Endogenous activity was highest in membranes from parotid, lung, and pancreas. Products were analyzed by organic solvent extraction, thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography. Identification of methylpalmitate, methylstearate, methyloleate, and methyllinoleate was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Presence of the radioactive methyl group was demonstrated by the variation of isotopic ratios with specific activity. Addition of oleate to incubation mixture increased the rate of product formation and preincubation experiments suggested the absence of long lived intermediates. The data suggest an enzymatic transfer of methyl groups from S adenosylmethionine to free fatty acids. PMID- 7275959 TI - Widespread occurrence of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in mammalian tissues. AB - Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent multifunctional protein kinase originally found in rat brain occurs in a variety of mammalian tissues. In most tissues the enzyme activity is comparable to that of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase when assayed with calf thymus H1 histone as phosphate acceptor. In some tissues such as platelets, brain, and lymphocytes the enzyme far exceeds the cyclic AMP dependent enzyme. This species of protein kinase found in various tissues shows very similar physical, kinetic, and catalytic properties, and does not appear to show tissue and species specificities. It is conceivable that this protein kinase plays roles in transmembrane control of protein phosphorylation by a large number of extracellular messengers which induce phosphatidylinositol turnover in their target tissues. PMID- 7275966 TI - Post-transcriptional modifications of mRNA. Purification and characterization of cap I and cap II RNA (nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferases from HeLa cells. AB - The existence in HeLa cell extracts of two separate RNA (nucleoside-2') methyltransferases involved in the modification of mRNA was established using assays that specifically measure the conversion of cap O [m7G(5')pppNpN-] to cap I [m7G(5')pppNmpN-] and cap I to cap II [m7G(5')pppNmpNm-]. Cap II methyltransferase activity was found almost exclusively in cytoplasmic fractions while cap I methyltransferase activity was also found in the nucleus, its apparent biological site of action. The two enzymes were purified by DEAE cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography and their optimal reaction conditions were determined. The substrate specificity of cap I methyltransferase was examined with particular regard to information that would help elucidate the natural order of capping and methylation was drawn from data presented here. Both purine and pyrimidine nucleosides in the N position of M7G(5')pppN- were methylated by purified cap I methyltransferase. PMID- 7275967 TI - Coordinated regulation of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase mRNAs in cultured plant cells. AB - 4-Coumarate:CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.12) from cell suspension cultures of parsley (Petroselinum hortense) was extensively purified. The enzyme behaved as a monomer with a molecular weight of approximately 60,000. A rabbit antiserum to the purified enzyme was obtained and used to determine the rates of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase synthesis under various conditions of induction, such as short term or continuous irradiation and treatment of the cells with an "elicitor" preparation from a fungal pathogen. In all cases, the time course of changes in the rate of synthesis, measured both in vivo and in vitro, was very similar for 4 coumarate:CoA ligase and a closely related enzyme, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5). The results suggest that the mRNA activities encoding the two enzymes are regulated in a coordinated manner. PMID- 7275968 TI - Saccharomyces kluyveri mannoprotein mutants. AB - Saccharomyces kluyveri cells were mutagenized with ethylmethane sulfonate and, after the cells had grown a few divisions to express any altered cell-surface antigenic structure, the culture was treated with rabbit antiserum directed against the wild type cells in order to enrich for mutants that failed to precipitate with the serum. Several mutant clones were obtained that proved to be altered in the carbohydrate component of the cell-wall mannoprotein. Whereas the wild type strain produces mannoprotein with carbohydrate side chains up to 8 mannose units in length (Zhang, W.-J., and Ballou, C. E. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 10073-10079), one of the mutants (designated mnn1) has side chains no longer than 3 mannoses. From a comparison of the carbohydrate structures of the mutant and wild type mannoproteins by beta-elimination, acetolysis, and methylation, it appears that this mutant is unable to add mannose in alpha 1 leads to 3 linkage to the alpha 1 leads to 2-linked di- and trisaccharide side chains, thus preventing elongation and branching of the chains that occur in the wild type. Another mutant, designated mnn2, was unable to make the octasaccharide chain, whereas a third class made oligosaccharides of all sizes but did so in ratios that differed from the wild type. These three classes of mutants involve different loci because they complemented each other in the heterozygous diploids. PMID- 7275969 TI - Functional organization of the large ribosomal subunit of Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - Bacillus stearothermophilus 50 S ribosomal subunits active in polyphenylalanine (polyPhe) synthesis were reconstituted from a mixture of purified proteins and RNA. Proteins were omitted one at a time, and the resulting particles were examined by sucrose gradient sedimentation and assayed for polyPhe synthesis, peptidyltransferase activity, and in some cases binding of elongation factor EF-G and GTP, and association with a (20 S . Phe-tRNA . poly(U)) complex. Based on their effect on polyPhe synthesis and peptidyltransferase activity, the proteins were grouped into four functional categories. The set of proteins most strongly required for peptidyltransferase activity, which must include the protein or proteins most directly involved in the active center, consists of proteins (probable Escherichia coli homologs in parentheses) B-L3 (E-L2), B-L4 (E-L4), B L5 (E-L5), B-L6 (E-L3 or E-L6), B-L18 (E-L14), B-L20b (E-L16), and B-L25 (E-L20). Several proteins affected both polyPhe synthesis and peptidyltransferase activity more weakly. Only four proteins were required for polyPhe synthesis but not for peptidyltransferase activity, B-L2 (E-L1), B-L8 (E-L10), B-L13 (E-L7/L12), and B L11(E-L11). The results indicate that the peptidyltransferase center is tightly integrated into the cooperative body of the 50 S subunit and that the (B-L8 . B L13) complex is relatively independent of this cooperative domain. PMID- 7275970 TI - Condensation of dinucleosomes by individual subfractions of H1 histone. AB - Dinucleosomes purified from micrococcal nuclease digests of steer kidney nuclei were stripped of H1 histone by exposure to 0.50 M NaCl. They were then formed in a complex with individual subfractions of calf thymus H1 histone by dialysis of histone-dinucleosome mixtures from 0.50 M NaCl to concentrations of NaCl between 0 M and 0.08 M; between 0.30 M and 0.10 M the complexes precipitated, and so were not included in the study. The presence of H1 in the complexes was shown to cause an asymmetrical, ordered condensation as revealed by distortions of the circular dichroic spectrum of the DNA. The distortions were negligible at 0.04 M NaCl and below, and increased as a function of ionic strength between 0.05 M and 0.08 M. The degree of distortion of the spectrum, and therefore the nature of dinucleosome condensation, differed greatly from one H1 subfraction to the next. One of the three subfractions tested had almost no effect on the circular dichroism in comparing its dinucleosome complex to H1-depleted dinucleosomes. The other subfractions to different degrees produced large distortions that resulted in spectra that were of the psi type at the higher salt concentration. PMID- 7275971 TI - Protein topography of the 40 S ribosomal subunit from rabbit reticulocytes shown by cross-linking with 2-iminothiolane. AB - The small ribosomal subunit from rabbit reticulocytes was allowed to react with 2 iminothiolane under conditions that minimize the formation of 40 S subunit dimers. Reaction with 2-iminothiolane results in the formation of amidine-linked sulfhydryl derivatives of protein amino groups. Cross-linking between proximal sulfhydryl groups was promoted by mild oxidation of the modified ribosomal subunits. Protein extracted from cross-linked ribosomes was fractionated on the basis of charge by polyacrylamide-urea gel electrophoresis at pH 5.5. Cross linked protein dimers in sequential slices of this gel were analyzed by diagonal polyacrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Constituent proteins of cross-linked pairs were located by their common mobility in the first dimension and by comparison of the sum of their molecular weights with that of the parent cross-linked species. They were unambiguously identified by extraction, radioiodination, two-dimensional polyacrylamide-urea gel electrophoresis and radioautography and comparison with nonradioactive markers. Thirty-six protein dimers were identified. Many proteins were found to occur in several cross-linked dimers and this facilitated representation of the results in a model showing the network of crosslinks. The results are discussed in relation to other structural and functional data on the 40 S ribosomal subunit. PMID- 7275973 TI - Processing of the carbohydrate units of thyroglobulin. PMID- 7275974 TI - Isolation and characterization of dihydrofolic acid reductase from methotrexate sensitive and -resistant human cell lines. AB - Dihydrofolic acid reductase has been purified by affinity chromatography to apparent homogeneity from the human HeLa BU-25 cell line and from two methotrexate-resistant variants, one deriving from HeLa BU-25 and the other from the human VA2-B cell line. The purified enzymes from the three sources have been characterized in their physical and enzymatic properties. They were not found to differ significantly as concerns their electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels under a variety of conditions, their specific dihydrofolic acid reductase and folic acid reductase activities, their Km values for folic acid and TPNH, their sensitivity to methotrexate, and the pH dependence of their folic acid reductase activity. The human dihydrofolic acid reductase has an apparent molecular weight of 21,000 to 22,000, a Km for folic acid of 6.1 to 7.6 X 10(-6) M and a Km for TPNH of 1.6 to 1.7 X 10(-4) M, turnover numbers of about 500 and 65 mol/min/mol of enzyme for the dihydrofolic acid reductase and the folic acid reductase activity, respectively. The values of the above mentioned physical and kinetic parameters are comparable to those reported for the dihydrofolic acid reductase from other animal cell systems. The dihydrofolic acid reductase content of the two-resistant cell lines is at least 200-fold higher than that of the methotrexate-sensitive HeLa BU-25 cell line. The available evidence indicates that this increased dihydrofolic acid reductase content results from a hyperproduction of an enzyme identical or similar to that of the sensitive cells, presumably due to a selective dihydrofolic acid reductase gene amplification, as previously reported for other cell lines of rodent origin. PMID- 7275977 TI - 5-Fluorouracil incorporation into human breast carcinoma RNA correlates with cytotoxicity. AB - We demonstrate a highly significant relationship (p less than 0.0001) between the incorporation of 5-flourouracil in total cellular RNA and loss of clonogenic survival of the human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line. The extent of 5 fluorouracil incorporation in RNA is concentration- and time-dependent. Identical results are obtained in experiments employing thymidine to bypass the block of thymidylate synthetase and reverse inhibition of DNA synthesis. These studies suggest that the incorporation of 5-fluorouracil in RNA is the major mechanism of cytotoxic action in this human cell line. PMID- 7275975 TI - Human milk bile salt-activated lipase. Further characterization and kinetic studies. AB - Further studies on human milk bile salt-activated lipase were performed to provide kinetic and additional chemical characterizations of this enzyme. The enzyme was homogeneous by urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing with an isoelectric point of 3.7. A unique feature of the amino acid composition of this enzyme was a high proline content (13 mol %). Results of carbohydrate analyses indicated that the enzyme was a glycoprotein containing fucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and sialic acid. Kinetic studies were performed with various water-soluble esters (p nitrophenyl acetate, 1-monoacetin, 1-monobutyrin, and 1-monocaprylin) as substrate and taurocholate as activator. In the presence of a saturating level of taurocholate, the enzyme reaction was demonstrated to follow a rapid equilibrium random uni bi mechanism. Also, these kinetic studies indicated the formation of an enzyme-activator-substrate ternary complex through a random pathway. The mechanism of the activation by taurocholate was due to its enhancement of the binding of the enzyme to the substrate (6.2-fold) and its enhancement of the rate of conversion from enzyme-substrate transitory complex to the products (1.57 fold) when examined with p-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate. PMID- 7275978 TI - Resonance Raman spectra of three-iron centers in ferredoxins from Desulfovibrio gigas. AB - The resonance Raman spectra of ferredoxins (Fd) I and II from Desulfovibrio gigas are reported using 4579 A Ar+ laser excitation. The (3Fe-3S) center in Fd II has a characteristic resonance Raman spectrum, readily distinguishable from those of (2Fe-2S) or (4Fe-4S) clusters. Reduction of Fd II produces a marked alteration in the resonance Raman spectrum. Fd I is shown to contain both (3Fe-3S) and (4Fe-4S) Fd-type clusters. The results illustrate the potential of resonance Raman spectroscopy in Fe-S cluster identification, even in cases where more than one cluster type is present. PMID- 7275972 TI - Biosynthesis and hormone-regulated expression of secretory glycoproteins in rat liver and hepatoma cells. Effect of glucocorticoids and inflammation. AB - Exposure of rat hepatoma tissue culture cells to dexamethasone results in appearance of a new glycoprotein, gp35-50 (Mr = 35,000 to 50,000) and increased synthesis of another glycoprotein, gp50 (Mr = 50,000). The glycoproteins synthesized in a fractionated cell-free translation system (containing dog pancreas microsomes) appear as a well separated series of spots on two dimensional polyacrylamide gels which differ in size and charge. Glycoproteins synthesized by glucose-starved cells show similar size and charge heterogeneity. The size heterogeneity consists of a series of spots, each differing in molecular weights by about 3,000, which could be almost completely abolished by treatment with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. Our results indicate that unglycosylated gp50 (Mr = 42,000) typically acquires 3 N-glycan units, whereas gp35-50 (Mr = 22,000) possesses eight N-glycosylation sites. Analysis of the cell free translation products directed by mRNA from hepatoma tissue culture cells grown in tissue culture, from hepatoma tissue, and from normal liver tissue indicated that administration of dexamethasone causes a pronounced increase in gp35-50 mRNA in all three tissues. A similar increase was observed in liver after inflammation which along with other biochemical properties suggests that gp35-50 may be alpha 1-acid protein. In contrast, mRNA coding for gp50 was not increased by dexamethasone in tumor tissue and no protein structurally related to gp50 was detected in the liver mRNA translation products. Thus, gp35-50 is expressed in normal liver, whereas gp50 is expressed in hepatoma cells and is differentially regulated by steroid hormones depending on whether the cells are grown in tissue culture or as a tumor in the rat. PMID- 7275976 TI - Regulation of vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase by calmodulin. AB - It has recently been demonstrated that an established cell line from pig kidney, LLC-PK1, is a useful model for the study of vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase (Roy, C., and Ausiello, D. A. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 3415-3422; Roy, C., Hall, D., Karish, M., and Ausiello, D. A. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 3423 3427). The present study on the regulation of this enzyme has led to the demonstration of the modulation of vasopressin-stimulated adenylate cyclase by Ca2+-calmodulin. The characteristics of calmodulin regulation were similar to those described for other enzymes: (a) activation required micromolar quantities of free Ca2+; (b) maximal enzyme rates were altered but not the Km for hormone activation; (c) activity was inhibitable by trifluoperazine; and (d) activation was dependent on the Mg2+ concentration. These findings should help to define the mechanisms of action of several agents known to alter vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase and cell Ca2+ content. PMID- 7275979 TI - Inactivation of general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig kidney by a metabolite of hypoglycin A. AB - Pig kidney general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is irreversibly inactivated by methylenecyclopropylacetyl-CoA, a metabolite of the hypoglycemic amino acid hypoglycin from Blighia sapida, to less that 2% of native activity. Octanoyl-CoA affords strong protection against this inhibition. During inactivation, about 80% of the enzyme FAD is covalently and irreversibly modified with the residual inhibition possibly resulting from modification of the protein. Denaturation of the inactivated enzyme yields several modified flavin derivatives in addition to about 20% unmodified FAD. From spectral comparison, the structure of one of these species is tentatively assigned to a derivative of 4a,5-dihydroflavin, while two further products resemble 6-, and 8-substituted flavins. These results suggest that methylenecyclopropylacetyl-CoA (and consequently the methylenecyclopropylmethano moiety of hypoglycin) be considered "suicide" substrates. PMID- 7275980 TI - Rat liver "cytochrome b9" is sulfite oxidase. PMID- 7275982 TI - Evidence for an internal electrochemical proton gradient in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. PMID- 7275981 TI - Amino acid sequence adjacent to a sulfhydryl group exposed on illumination of bovine rhodopsin. AB - Two sulfhydryl groups of bovine rhodopsin, available for chemical modification only after bleaching, were specifically labeled with radioactive iodoacetamide. The labeled protein was extensively reduced and alkylated and digested with pronase, and peptides were purified by gel filtration chromatography, anion and cation exchange chromatography, and high pressure liquid chromatography. Purified peptides were detected by their radioactivity, UV spectral properties, and by their fluorescence after reaction with fluorescamine. Sequence analysis of a highly purified peptide established the sequence S-carboxamido[14C]methyl cysteinyl-prolyl-glycine as the site of one of the light-exposed sulfhydryl groups of bovine rhodopsin. PMID- 7275983 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of a mitochondrial hydrophobic protein by an anisotropic inhibitor of energy transduction in oxidative phosphorylation. AB - The monoazide derivative of ethidium, the parent compound of which is an anisotropic inhibitor of energy transduction in oxidative phosphorylation, was synthesized and shown to be useful as a photoaffinity probe. Results showed that monoazide ethidium specifically binds to a hydrophobic protein of mitochondria (with an apparent molecular weight of about 6200 in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate). The molar binding ratios of monoazide ethidium to protein were about 5 and 17 with protein in the nonenergized and energized states, respectively. This protein differed from the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein. We refer to this new hydrophobic protein, anisotropic inhibitor-binding protein, in this paper. PMID- 7275985 TI - Effect of micelles on the kinetics of purified beef heart mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase. PMID- 7275984 TI - Isolation and purification of mitochondrial carnitine octanoyltransferase activities from beef heart. PMID- 7275987 TI - The N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive cysteine residue in the pH-dependent subunit interactions of malate dehydrogenase. AB - The specific chemical modification by N-ethylmaleimide of a cysteine residue at pH 5.0 in porcine heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (L-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37) has been shown to result in an enzymatically inactive, monomeric product, which does not reassociate at pH 7.5 to yield the native dimer. In this report, an investigation of proton release and uptake upon NADH binding to the native enzyme and to the N-ethylmaleimide-modified enzyme has implicated the above cysteine residue as being directly linked to the pH dependent subunit dissociation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. The results are consistent with the view that the modified cysteine residue is not located at the subunit interaction site, although it is probably near this site. A recent study from this laboratory has demonstrated that the monomeric enzyme obtained at pH 5.0 exists in a conformation which is enzymatically inactive and which has an enhanced intrinsic protein fluorescence. Interpretation of protein fluorescence data has suggested that the N-ethylmaleimide modification results in inactivation of the enzyme by preventing the pH-induced conformational change to the active dimer. However, NADH is able to induce reassociation of the N-ethylmaleimide modified enzyme at pH 7.5 but not at pH 5.0. This reassociation at pH 7.5 is accompanied by a significant regain of enzymatic activity, indicating that NADH binding is able to partially overcome the negative effect of the cysteine modification on the pH-dependent subunit reassociation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7275986 TI - Assembly of the prothrombinase complex in the absence of prothrombin. PMID- 7275988 TI - Inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase by 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid. PMID- 7275989 TI - Glucose, amino acids, and lipogenesis in hepatocytes of Japanese quail. PMID- 7275990 TI - Carbon 13 spin-lattice relaxation, linewidth, and nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements of nucleosome length DNA. AB - Carbon 13 NMR data were obtained at four magnetic fields for double-stranded DNA samples 120 and 160 nucleotide pairs long. Spectral linewidths are several-fold smaller than predicted for overall rigid rod rotation and increase with increasing field, indicating significant chemical shift dispersion contributions to high field linewidths. Spin-lattice relaxation times are short (e.g. T1 values for CH carbon atoms are approximately 0.5 s at 67.9 MHz), and increase with increasing field. Nuclear Overhauser effects of 0.6 to 0.8 (theoretical maximum = 2.0) were measured for the same protonated carbon atoms at 100.6 MHz. These short T1 values nd relatively large nuclear Overhauser effects show that double stranded DNA undergoes rapid internal motions with effective correlation times of a few nanoseconds. Preliminary data indicate that DNA base carbon motions occur on essentially the same time scale as sugar motions, thus arguing against independent flexibility of the DNA backbone. Linewidths decreased 2- to 5-fold and nuclear Overhauser effects doubled, upon heat denaturation of DNA, as expected for increased motion. On the other hand, NT1 values of native and denatured DNA were nearly identical, suggesting insensitivity of spin-lattice relaxation times to motions in the nanosecond range in these relatively stiff chains. PMID- 7275991 TI - Paraquat and NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in lung microsomes. AB - Since there exists some controversy in the literature as to whether paraquat augments microsomal lipid peroxidation via superoxide anion (O2-), the role of paraquat and active oxygen species in NADPH-dependent lung microsomal lipid peroxidation was investigated. Incubation of buffered aerobic mixture of bovine lung microsome and NADPH, in the presence or absence of exogenously added iron, resulted in a progressive formation of lipid peroxides whose accumulation could be followed at 535 nm as malondialdehyde. Paraquat strongly inhibited this lipid peroxidation. Thus, malondialdehyde formation was 50% inhibited by 4 X 10(-5) M paraquat in the reaction mixture. The malondialdehyde color development by lipid peroxides was not affected by this concentration of paraquat. Lipid peroxidation was also strongly inhibited by singlet oxygen scavengers, e.g. dimethylfuran and diphenylfuran, and by catalase. Hydroxyl radical scavengers, e.g. mannitol, benzoate, and ethanol, had little effect in malondialdehyde production. Superoxide dismutase, which removes O2- efficiently, did not inhibit malondialdehyde production by lung microsomes and rather enhanced its formation. A scheme in which paraquat and active O2 species may be involved with microsomal lipid peroxidation is presented. PMID- 7275992 TI - Detection of mycoplasmal contaminants in sera. PMID- 7275993 TI - Antibody response to plague vaccination in humans as assayed by staphylococcal radioimmune precipitation (St-RIP) test. PMID- 7275994 TI - The effects of growth in broth containing different concentrations of glucose and horse serum on Mycoplasma gallisepticum rapid serum agglutination antigens. PMID- 7275995 TI - Comparison of constant and variable virus methods of measuring virus neutralizing antibodies to bovine herpesvirus. PMID- 7275996 TI - Guidelines for the acceptability, management and testing of serially propagated human diploid cells for the production of live virus vaccines for use in man. PMID- 7275997 TI - Frequency dependence of pressure--volume loops in isolated dog lobes. PMID- 7275998 TI - Dynamic viscoelastic behaviour of the human tendon in vitro. PMID- 7275999 TI - Overall principle of lower limb support during stance phase of gait. PMID- 7276000 TI - A model of cardiac muscle mechanics and energetics. PMID- 7276001 TI - Optimal running on skis in downhill. PMID- 7276002 TI - The mechanical properties of soft tissues--I: a mechanical system for bi-axial testing. PMID- 7276003 TI - The mechanical properties of soft tissues--II: the elastic response of arterial segments. PMID- 7276004 TI - Analysis of load-deflection behavior of intervertebral discs under axial compression using exact parametric solutions of Kelvin-solid models. PMID- 7276005 TI - Dynamics of the pole vault. PMID- 7276006 TI - A technique for measurement and description of three-dimensional six degree-of freedom motion of a body joint with an application to the human spine. PMID- 7276007 TI - Uniaxial fatigue of human cortical bone. The influence of tissue physical characteristics. PMID- 7276009 TI - Abstracts of the 4th Annual Conference of the American Society of Biomechanics. Burlington, Vermont, 8-10 October, 1980. PMID- 7276008 TI - Bone remodeling of diaphysial surfaces under constant load: theoretical predictions. PMID- 7276010 TI - Techniques for implementing an in vivo bone strain gage system. PMID- 7276011 TI - An evaluation of the approaches of optimization models in the prediction of muscle forces during human gait. PMID- 7276013 TI - A simple analytical model for the crawl stroke. PMID- 7276012 TI - Tethered swimming forces in the crawl, breast and back strokes and their relationship to competitive performance. PMID- 7276015 TI - A technique to measure lateral contraction in small biological specimens. PMID- 7276014 TI - A model for bone hardness. PMID- 7276016 TI - Permanent set and stress relaxation in elastomeric impression materials. AB - The permanent set of a range of elastomeric impression materials, used in dentistry, was investigated as a function of the materials' age and the duration and level of the deformation. The permanent set appears to be primarily controlled by the rate of polymerization at the time of deformation. However, stress relaxation experiments revealed that, for condensation silicone and in particular polysulfide elastomers, bond interchange reactions produce additional permanent set. The rate of recovery of the elastomers from deformation was very rapid and was consistent with the influence of entanglement in the network. PMID- 7276021 TI - Dynamic mechanical properties of medical grade silicone elastomer stored in simulated body fluids. AB - Medical grade silicone rubber samples were immersed in distilled water and in pseudo-extracellular fluid (PECF) at 37.5 degrees C for up to four months. Periodically, the storage modulus and log decrement of the samples were measured on a torsion pendulum. Up to 20% increases in storage modulus and about 40% decreases in log decrement were found over the four months independent of sample surface area. Similar trends were seen in both distilled water and in PECF. Higher (59 degrees C) storage temperatures accelerated the changes. Small amounts of moisture uptake were detected. However, the presence of water in the samples did not cause the change in mechanical properties. PMID- 7276019 TI - Effects of temperature on mechanical properties of composite dental restorative materials. AB - In the oral environment, dental restorative materials are exposed to temperatures ranging from 10 degrees to 50 degrees C. Since the properties of many polymeric materials are sensitive to temperature of this magnitude, it is important to define the effects of service temperature on the mechanical properties of polymer matrix dental composites. Six commercial composites were tested in compression at 11 temperatures, ranging from 2 degrees to 80 degrees C. The volume fraction of filler particles in the materials is either 0.45 or 0.55, and they contain a range of particle sizes and particle compositions. The tests show that ultimate strength decreases linearly with increasing temperature. Strength is higher for the lower volume fraction material and is decreased by the presence of a small percentage of very large particles. Elastic modulus and yield strength decrease sigmoidally with increasing temperature and depend only on particle volume fraction. In the clinically significant temperature range, ultimate strength decreases 14%, the decrease in elastic modulus is either 6 or 11%, and the yield strength decreases 45%. The data show that the temperature conditions of the oral environment can significantly affect the mechanical properties of composite dental restorative materials. PMID- 7276020 TI - Poly(methyl acrylate-co-hydroxyethyl acrylate) hydrogel implant material of strength and softness. AB - The physiochemical properties of a hydrogel used as a scleral buckling implant for retinal detachment surgery are described. The new material was prepared by simultaneous polymerization and crosslinking of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate with methyl acrylate and ethylene diacrylate, in the presence of an inert diluent, ethylene glycol. At equilibrium swelling, the hydrogen absorbed 17% water and had a durometer hardness (DH) of 15 (Shore Durometer A-2). A unique property of this material was its swelling hysteresis; when the gel swollen in 70% ethanol was placed in water, it retained a high level of hydration (75% water) and softness (DH 8), and most of its elasticity and strength as well. Then the swelling decreased very slowly so that the implant reached its ultimate size at equilibrium swelling in ca. 1 year. This property is especially useful in the scleral buckling procedure, in which a soft implant indents the sclera over the detached retina until reattachment is achieved. In addition to this advantage, this hydrogel is more elastic and stronger than available hydrogels of similar softness. PMID- 7276018 TI - Fretting corrosion in saline and serum. AB - Fretting corrosion of stainless-steel round hole plates and spherical head screws was studied using a simulator that produced a rocking motion of the heads in the plate holes. Experiments were run for 7 days, with the simulator producing 1 oscillation/s for 16 h/day. Fretting corrosion was studied in 0.9% NaCl and in a 10% solution of fetal calf serum in saline. The results showed a tenfold decrease in fretting corrosion when the serum was added to the saline. Measurements of the weight of the two screws and two-hole plate showed those in saline lost 2.9 mg as compared to 0.3 for those in 10% serum. The concentration of nickel in the saline solutions was 12.4 micrograms/mL compared with 0.85 in serum. Visual examination of the solutions and implants revealed that those in saline had a significant amount of corrosion products while those tested in 10% serum were bright and shiny. Recordings of electrical potentials demonstrated that the addition of serum to saline significantly reduced the change in potential from rest to fretting condition. PMID- 7276022 TI - A comparison of the mechanical behavior of aluminas in air and simulated body environments. AB - Fracture toughness and modulus of rupture tests have been carried out on three aluminas, which differed in composition and microstructure, in a variety of environments (air, deionized water, albumen/salt solution, Ringer's solution, and fresh human plasma). Generally tests in liquid environments were found to result in a reduction in the as-measured critical stress intensity factor and the modulus of rupture, as compared with the values appertaining to air. However, estimates of the stress for a 50-year, 99.9% survival probability were encouraging; for high-purity, small-grain-size alumina a value of 112 MN/m2 was calculated, which is considerably greater than the estimated maximum tensile stress in a femoral sphere. PMID- 7276023 TI - Evaluation of acrylic bone cements and their performance standards. AB - Eight acrylic bone cement products were examined according to the methods set out in three published performance standards, viz., Australian Standard 2265 Part 1, 1979, ASTM specification F451-76, anda the ISO specification 5833/1, 1979. In addition, chemical analyses were carried out by GC, NMR, and IR spectroscopy as well as refractive index measurement, all to establish the main constituent of the products. All the products compiled to the physical, compositional, and sterility requirements of AS 2265. However, all but one sample failed to comply with the solubility requirements of ASTM F451-76. Also, none of the samples compiled with the doughing time requirements of ISO 5833/1. On further analysis, the results suggest that the water solubility and sorption requirements of ASTM F451-76 are restrictive and that the ISO doughing time test methodology requires modification. Various degrees of noncompliance to the requirement of all three specifications were noted on the labeling and in the information content of product inserts. Two additional clauses on mixing tools and radiopacity have been suggested for incorporation into the above standards. PMID- 7276024 TI - A critical evaluation of the acute systemic toxicity test for dental alloys using histopathologic criteria. AB - The A.D.A. acute systemic test for type II, class 11 materials defines compliance on the basis of fewer than 50% mortality at 2 weeks. Histopathologic criteria were developed from pilot study data to evaluate the effects of these materials. In this double blind study, the frequency of histopathological changes in lung, liver, small intestine, and kidney were rated at 2 and 5 weeks, for six dental crown and bridge alloys ranging from 44% to 97% (Au, Pt, and Pd). Two positive 360 mg/kg and 1 g/kg of cadmium and two negative, a blank capsule and untreated control groups were used. There was significant difference (chi square test, X2 = 0.95) between the positive and negative controls at 2 and 5 weeks. The lung, liver, kidney showed the highest level of histopathological changes. Significant changes occurred in the four tissues for all alloys at two and five weeks. At five weeks, alloys with a lower noble metal content (44-62%, Au, Pd, and Pt) elicited significant chronic changes, while higher noble metal content (78-97%) showed healing and no significant difference from the negative controls. Applying histopathologic criteria and statistical parameters independent examiners can examine experimental animals and arrive at conclusive and reproducible results. PMID- 7276017 TI - Surface spectroscopic studies of Biomer. AB - The objective of this work was to determine whether there is a significant difference in composition between the air facing and mold facing sides of Biomer and to see if the mold itself affects the polymer surface. A detailed analysis of Biomer was undertaken using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS). Previous workers have used FTIR and ESCA to study Biomer and comparisons with their results will be discussed. Because of the increase in surface sensitivity SIMS and ISS can be valuable tools for studying polymeric materials. SIMS has been used to identify the structure of the Biomer air and mold facing surfaces from both glass and nickel molds. ESCA and ISS have indicated the presence of a silicon contaminant on the air and mold facing surfaces and SIMS has shown that the form of the silicon contaminant is probably a polysiloxane. PMID- 7276025 TI - Biodegradation of a poly(alpha-amino acid) hydrogel. I. In vivo. AB - A new hydrogel material has been prepared by crosslinking a hydrophilic, nonionic poly(amino acid), poly(2-hydroxyethyl-L-glutamine). The material properties of the hydrogel can be controlled by variation in the crosslink density, and the swelling ratio was found to be a sensitive and convenient method for measuring the extent of in vivo biodegradation of implanted specimens. Degradation of the material was observed only during the first 2 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in rats, and is attributed to hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes released during the acute and chronic stages of the normal inflammatory response. PMID- 7276026 TI - SEM analysis of copper-containing intrauterine implants. PMID- 7276027 TI - Effects of carbon coupling on the in vitro corrosion of cast surgical cobalt-base alloy. PMID- 7276030 TI - Counselling needs of women seeking abortions. PMID- 7276028 TI - The Tokelau island study: fertility of New Zealand migrants. PMID- 7276029 TI - Maternal nutrition, prolonged lactation and birth spacing in Ethiopia. PMID- 7276031 TI - Abortion and infant mortality before and after the 1973 US Supreme Court decision on abortion. PMID- 7276033 TI - Breast-feeding and child survival in Egypt. PMID- 7276032 TI - Factors influencing the infant mortality rate in Sri Lanka. PMID- 7276037 TI - The action of natural selection on the human menstrual cycle: a simulation study. PMID- 7276036 TI - Genetic Structure in Cumbria. PMID- 7276039 TI - Marital migration and gene glow on the mainland of New Guinea. PMID- 7276034 TI - Obesity, socioeconomic variables and eating habits in New Zealand. PMID- 7276035 TI - Anthropometric measurements and Darwinian fitness. PMID- 7276038 TI - Economic condition and demography among the Mahishyas of Chakpota Village, Howrah District, West Bengal. PMID- 7276040 TI - Incidence of ovulation in young women. PMID- 7276042 TI - Total elbow arthroplasty. A five-year experience at the Mayo Clinic. AB - During the five years from 1973 through 1977, eighty Mayo and Coonrad total elbow arthroplasties were performed in seventy-two patients at the Mayo Clinic. Follow up after at least two years (average, four years) revealed that the results were good in 60 per cent, fair in 16 per cent, and poor in 24 per cent. Pain was a major symptom in 80 per cent of the elbows preoperatively but in only 3 per cent postoperatively. At follow-up, motion had increased: extension-flexion by 10 degrees (average range, 29 to 131 degrees of flexion) and forearm rotation by 26 degrees (average range, 61 degrees of pronation to 59 degrees of supination). Excluding eleven prostheses with loosening for which revision was necessary, there were forty-four complications (55 per cent) after eighty procedures. Of these forty-four complications, eleven were ulnar neuropathies (two permanent and nine transient); four were wound-healing problems; ten, significant triceps weakness; eleven, intraoperative fractures of the medial or lateral supracondylar bone column; seven, deep infections; and one was an ulnar fracture. Although the complication rate was very high, most of the complications occurred during the early years of the study. Follow-up revealed twenty-nine elbows with radiolucency around the components: in twenty-five about the humeral and in four about the ulnar component. Revisions were performed in nineteen (24 per cent) of the eighty elbows: in eleven because of loosening, in seven because of deep infection, and in one because of ankylosis. Intraoperative supracondylar fracture and defective cementing of the prosthesis were important factors contributing to prosthetic loosening. When the arthroplasty was successful, the relief of pain was dramatic, stability was excellent, and the range of motion was superior to that provided by any other procedure currently available. PMID- 7276041 TI - Comminuted fractures of the radial head. The role of silicone-implant replacement arthroplasty. AB - Radial head resection is the accepted treatment of comminuted radial-head fractures in adults, but the results are not always satisfactory. This study examines the results of silicone replacement arthroplasty of the radial head in acute fractures and as a salvage procedure after failed resections of the radial head. The first group of patients was evaluated both before and after silicone replacement arthroplasty had been done as a salvage procedure following a previous radial head fracture. This group comprised twelve patients with an average follow-up of 3.8 years. Improvement was found in a number of parameters, including supination and grip strength. The second group of patients had had a primary silicone replacement arthroplasty following a comminuted radial-head fracture. This group was composed of six patients with an average follow-up of 3.6 years. The radial head implant was found to provide a spacer effect that maintained good radiocapitellar contact and prevented radial shortening. Silicone replacement arthroplasty has a role as a useful, safe, and reliable alternative in the treatment of comminuted radial-head fractures in adults and as a salvage procedure in patients with failed radial-head resections. This is especially true in young, active individuals, who were found to be at the greatest risk of failure after radial head resection alone. This was attributed to greater demands being placed on the involved extremity. PMID- 7276043 TI - Elbow flexorplasty. An analysis of long-term results. AB - We analyzed the long-term functional results in twenty-five consecutive patients who underwent Steindler elbow flexorplasty between 1952 and 1976. In eighteen patients, the elbow flexorplasty was augmented by a glenohumeral arthrodesis. The mean length of the follow-up was 9.3 years. The mean arc of active flexion following floxorplasty was 95 degrees. The postoperative loss of elbow extension averaged 36 degrees. The mean postoperative active pronation was 79 degrees and supination, 51 degrees. In two patients mild transient ulnar paresthesias developed following flexorplasty. At final evaluation, fourteen patients were judged to have excellent; six, good; four, fair; and one, poor function. All but one patient noted subjective improvement after the procedure. PMID- 7276044 TI - Surface replacement of the hip with the Tharies system. Two to five-year results. AB - The two to five-year clinical results of 200 Tharies surface replacements were comparable to those of conventional total hip replacement. The incidence of systemic complications, dislocations, and sepsis was low. There were ten cases of aseptic and one case of septic loosening. Nine minor secondary procedures were required in the series. In two patients the femoral component shifted asymptomatically into varus angulation, but no revision was needed. Fifty-five per cent of patients for whom serial radiographs were available had some progression of radiolucency, but there was poor correlation between the width of the zone and loosening until the patient became symptomatic. Improved techniques of preparation of the interface and of delivery, compression, and containment of the cement have improved the postoperative radiographic appearance of the more recently treated patients. PMID- 7276045 TI - The natural history of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. AB - Two groups of patients who had Legg-Calve-Perthes disease were studied. The first group of patients consisted of eighty-eight patients (ninety-nine affected hips) followed in three hospitals for an average of forty years. The second group consisted of sixty-eight patients (seventy-two affected hips), all of whose radiographs from the onset of disease to maturity were available and all of whom had been treated in one hospital. The patients in this second group were followed for an average of thirty years. Each hip in both study groups could be placed into one of five classes of deformity based on its radiographic appearance at maturity. Each class showed a characteristic pattern of involvement during the active stages of the disease and had a specific long-term clinical and radiographic course. The clinical and radiographic course of an involved hip subsequent to childhood was related to the type of congruency that existed between the femoral head and acetabulum. Three types of congruency were recognized: (1) spherical congruency (Class-I and II hips) - in hips in this category arthritis does not develop; (2) aspherical congruency (Class-III and IV hips) - mild to moderate arthritis develops in late adulthood in these hips; and (3) aspherical incongruency (Class-V hips) - severe arthritis develops before the age of fifty years in these hips. PMID- 7276046 TI - A histochemical study of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. AB - Core biopsies of the proximal femoral growth plate from three patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis were compared with three normal growth plates from patients of similar ages. The growth plates of patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis had a normal resting zone, a loose and fibrillated proliferative zone, and a very disarranged and thickened hypertrophic zone. The proliferative zone stained strongly with alcian blue, suggesting the presence of abundant proteoglycans in the cartilage matrix. The thickened hypertrophic zone was strongly positive to periodic acid-Schiff stain, indicating the presence of abundant structural glycoproteins. Enchondral ossification was scanty and irregular, and there were large clusters of cartilage in the metaphysis. Slippage occurred through the thickened proliferative and hypertrophic zones. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The proximal femoral growth plate in slipped capital femoral epiphysis is histochemically abnormal and histologically disarranged. These features contribute to abnormal widening of the growth plate and to further slippage. PMID- 7276047 TI - Inadequate reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip. AB - The orthopaedic literature contains conflicting opinions concerning whether the interposition of soft tissue between the femoral head and acetabulum after a closed reduction of a congenitally dislocated hip interferes with development of the joint. This article describes eleven such cases of complete congenital dislocation of the hip in which the hip was maintained in an appropriate position after closed reduction for a prolonged period. All cases were documented by arthrography. It was concluded that the soft tissue in the joint can represent an inadequate reduction. One cannot expect the soft tissue always to recede or disappear, and the interposition can lead to a poor result. PMID- 7276048 TI - Lengthening of the lower extremity by the Wagner method. A review of the Boston Children's Hospital Experience. AB - Thirty-eight patients underwent forty lengthenings of the lower extremity between October 1972 and January 1979. There were twenty-four femoral and sixteen tibial lengthenings. The average length gained was 6.59 centimeters for the patients with femoral lengthenings and 4.77 centimeters for those with tibial lengthenings. While the over-all complication rate was high (92 per cent), it did not significantly affect the ultimate goal of equalization of limb length. We think that the Wagner method is the procedure of choice for continuous distraction lengthening when the severity of the limb-length inequality merits major surgical intervention. PMID- 7276049 TI - The use of shortened periods of rigid postoperative immobilization in the surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Seventy-eight consecutive patients with idiopathic scoliosis treated by Harrington instrumentation and spine fusion were allowed to walk shortly after operation, first in an underarm plaster cast for ten weeks and then in a canvas front, hard-back Rohadur or Lexan brace until all external support was discontinued six months after operation. Sixty-four patients were followed for two years or more. Single thoracic curves, comprising almost half of the series, had an average final correction of 48 per cent, while all curves had an average final correction of 44 per cent. The average total loss of correction was 8 degrees, with approximately equal amounts lost in the first and second three months after operation. The incidence of pseudarthrosis was 1.5 per cent and the complications were minor. This series demonstrated that, for cooperative patients with idiopathic scoliosis of less than 90 degrees, the operative procedure and postoperative immobilization described can be expected to result in solid fusion without excessive loss of initial correction, pleasing cosmetic results, and less inconvenience to the patient because of decreased time in a plaster cast and early ambulation. PMID- 7276050 TI - Scoliosis caused by benign osteoblastoma of the thoracic or lumbar spine. AB - We are reporting the cases of five patients with scoliosis caused by a benign osteoblastoma of the thoracic or lumbar spine. All five patients had pain and scoliosis as the presenting symptoms, which had lasted from six months to two years. The average curve measurement was 49 degrees. Two patients were treated by excision of the lesion, posterior spine fusion, and Harrington instrumentation and three, by excision of the lesion only. At follow-ups ranging from two and one half to five years after treatment (average, three years and eight months), no patient had pain or recurrence of the tumor. The scoliosis was improved in the three patients who had been symptomatic for nine months or less and who had undergone excision of the tumor. The scoliosis did not improve in the two patients whose symptoms had been present for longer periods of time. PMID- 7276051 TI - Subtalar dislocation. AB - Eleven medial subtalar dislocations, two of them open, were treated during the decade from 1969 to 1978 in four metropolitan Detroit hospitals. There was one open lateral dislocation. Eight patients were available for follow-up study. None of the dislocations was associated with a major fracture of the talus. The average time between injury and our follow-up was twenty-eight months. A simple qualitative method of measuring range of motion of the subtalar joint was devised. All of the patients had some loss of subtalar motion, but the lateral dislocation was the only one causing important disability. PMID- 7276053 TI - Fracture of the occipital condyle. A case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7276052 TI - Treatment of the calcaneocavus foot deformity. AB - The calcaneocavus foot is almost always the result of a neural disorder and subsequent weakness of the triceps surae muscles. It is inexorably progressive, always disabling, and refractory to bracing. Therefore, treatment is directed toward the surgical correction of any existing deformity and the restoration of muscle balance. We developed a treatment approach based on goals and requirements that must be individualized according to the underlying neural disorder, the exact nature of the muscle imbalance, the degree of bone deformity, and the skeletal age of the patient. Nineteen calcaneocavus feet have been treated at our institution since 1958, with follow-up averaging seven and three-quarters years. The objective evaluation of the correction obtained was determined from a ratio computed by measurements on radiographs. All feet were improved according to this raio, although three were not corrected as well as was desired. An effort also was made to establish the amount of functional improvement as it was reflected in improved gait and push-off. These were largely subjective determinations, however, and although all patients demonstrated improved function, the amount of improvement was difficult to quantitate and none had normal function. There was a substatially consistent relationship between the improved objective and subjective result evaluations. PMID- 7276055 TI - Bilateral posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder treated with a modification of the McLaughlin procedure. A case report. PMID- 7276054 TI - Intra-articular osteoid-osteoma of the humerus simulating synovitis of the elbow. A case report. PMID- 7276057 TI - Acute lead intoxication from a bullet in an intervertebral disc space. A case report. PMID- 7276056 TI - Congenital hyperextension of the lumbar spine. A case report. PMID- 7276058 TI - Gas density in an ununited fracture of a vertebral body. PMID- 7276061 TI - Are routine oblique roentgenograms of the lumbosacral spine of value? PMID- 7276059 TI - Persistent vertical septum in the human knee joint. PMID- 7276060 TI - Dwyer Instrumentation in anterior fusion of the spine. PMID- 7276062 TI - Comparative chemotherapeutic investigations on transplanted and autochthonous acute rat leukemias. AB - The effect of a clinically active drug combination (vincristine, adriamycin, cytosine arabinoside) against (1) a transplanted acute rat leukemia (L 5222) and (2) autochthonous acute rat leukemias is compared in a non-toxic dose range. After four therapy cycles without therapy-free intervals, the animals with transplanted leukemia died; remissions were not achieved. In all rats with autochthonous leukemia the same treatment that was additionally interrupted by therapy-free intervals of 1 week caused complete remissions. The different reactions of both leukemia types to this treatment are mainly due to their kinetic differences. The comparability of transplanted and autochtonous rat leukemias with human acute leukemia is discussed. PMID- 7276063 TI - Morphology of arteries, veins, and capillaries in cancer of the larynx: scanning electron-microscopical study on microcorrosion casts. AB - Morphology of blood vessels in cancer of the larynx, which as other solid tumors has great neoangiogenic abilities, was studied on microcorrosion casts in SEM. Most evident changes of the endothelial patterns were seen on the casts of capillaries, venules, and veins. Capillaries, especially the newly formed, are the most numerous constituent of the vascular bed in all zones of cancer of the larynx. These vessels exhibit great morphological differentiation varying from the single, blind-ended pipes via relatively long hairpin loops spirally twisted in the long axis, to strongly spiralled and convoluted loops, resembling pseudoglomeruli. The newly formed capillaries deriving predominantly from the host's capillaries, venules, and veins have a embryonal character. It seems reasonable to presume that the neoangiogenesis process triggered by active influence of the tumor angiogenesis factor, is in principle, a repetition of the mechanism of the embryonal angiogenesis. PMID- 7276064 TI - Progesterone receptors in feline mammary cancer cytosol. PMID- 7276065 TI - Specificity of monoclonal anti-K 562 antibody. PMID- 7276066 TI - Hodgkin's disease: establishment and characterization of four in vitro cell lies. AB - Four in vitro cell lines (L 428, L 439, L 538, and L 540) were established from different materials of three patients with Hodgkin's disease: pleural effusions, peripheral blood, and bone marrow. The histological diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by several independent histologists. All four cell lines have been in culture for over 6 months up to over 3 years. The neoplastic nature of the culture cells is indicated by the demonstration of several structural and numeric chromosome abnormalities associated with a monoclonal pattern of marker chromosomes. EBV-specific antigens (EBNA, VCA) were not detected in either cell line. Ia-like antigens, receptors for human T cells, acid phosphatase, and acid esterase were showen to be present in the cultured cells. All cell lines lacked surface or cytoplasmic Ig, HTLA, receptors for C3b, C3d, IgG-Fc, mouse E or sheep E, and were devoid of lysozyme, peroxidase, and chloracetate esterase. The described features do not represent B cells, T cells, myeloid cells, monocytes, or macrophages. The morphology and the marker pattern of the culture cells, however, is identical with that of freshly obtained Hodgkin's (H)- and Sternberg Reed (SR)-cells, except for the lack of CIg in the in vitro cells, which is explained by the culture conditions. Heterotransplantation in nude mice was achieved by intracranial inoculation and by s.c. transplantation of cultured cells embedded in a plasma clot. The described findings suggest that these cultured Hodgkin's cell lines are indeed derived from H and SR cells. The cellular origin of these cells is not clear, the loss of cellular differential markers during the process of possible dedifferentiation is discussed. PMID- 7276067 TI - Electron-microscopic aspects of Hodgkin's disease. AB - Lymph nodes from patients with Hodgkin's disease of the nodular sclerosis or mixed cellularity type were examined by electron microscopy to classify all the cells that occur in these types of lymphoma. Most of the cells showed morphological features that were the same, or nearly the same, as those of cells of normal lymphoid tissue. These included typical interdigitating reticulum cells (IDC), histiocytic reticulum cells, so-called dark reticulum cells, and sinus macrophages. There were also small and medium-sized lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasma cells, and plasma cell precursors resembling those seen in non-specific lymphadenitis. Germinal center cells, on the other hand, were present in negligible numbers. Special attention was paid to Hodgkin's (H) and Sternberg Reed (SR) cells. This group of cells proved to be heterogeneous. The only common features were a large cell size, large nuclei, and a prominent nucleolus. Some of the H and SR cells resembled immunoblasts of normal lymphoid tissue. The cytoplasm of these cells contained numerous polyribosomes, and their heterochromatin was coarsely condensed at the nuclear membrane. Other H and SR cells were more similar to histiocytic cells or reticulum cells because of the large number of cell organelles (e.g., lysosome-like granules) and diffuse heterochromatin. Finally, cases of the nodular sclerosis type of Hodgkin's diseases showed another cell type with some resemblance to IDC. The cells of this type are called lacunar cells because of their special light-microscopic appearance. PMID- 7276068 TI - Fibroblastic and dendritic reticulum cells of lymphoid tissue. Ultrastructural, histochemical, and 3H-thymidine labeling studies. AB - Fibroblastic reticulum cells of different lymphoid organs were investigated to clarify their relationship to other stationary cells of the lymphoid tissue and to fibroblasts of the connective tissue. Fibroblastic reticulum cells have many ultrastructural characteristics of fibroblasts but differ from them in containing prominent bundles of microfilaments and in reacting strongly with antibodies to smooth muscle type myosin and actin. The fibroblastic reticulum cell may be thus classified as a myofibroblast. Enzyme-histochemical studies showed that fibroblastic reticulum cells contain a definite alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. During ontogeny fibroblastic and dendritic reticulum cells are derived from the local mesenchyme and may be considered as primary stationary reticulum cells. During the formation of the follicle in the splenic white pulp in young rats fibroblastic and dendritic reticulum cells show a different turnover which speaks in favor of a proliferation of dendritic reticulum cells or their precursors in follicle formation. PMID- 7276070 TI - Immunologic markers in the differential diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 7276072 TI - Complement receptors on lymphocytes. PMID- 7276071 TI - Biochemical analysis of normal human tissues and those of lymphoma patients by high-resolution protein mapping. AB - The technique of high-resolution, two-dimensional electrophoresis was applied to crude membrane protein fractions of various normal human tissue samples, and those, mainly spleens and lymph nodes, of patients with lymphomas of different types. The obtained protein maps show a high reproducibility, tissue specificity, and sensitivity to specific oncologic changes. The relevance of the latter aspect to tumor characterization is illustrated. Quantitatively, minor proteins were detected by a sensitive silver stain. The feasibility of objective, computerized quantification and evaluation of the protein maps is described. PMID- 7276069 TI - Cell separation by antibody-coupled magnetic microspheres and their application in conjunction with monoclonal HLA-antibodies. AB - The modification and efficiency of a technique for cell separation is described. This technique combines the specificity of serologic reactions with the strength and physical selectivity of a magnetic field. A monoclonal HLA-BW 6 antibody was coupled to 100 nm diameter Fe3O4 containing albumin microspheres via surface incorporated St. aureus Protein-A. The mixture of HLA-BW 6 and -BW 4 human peripheral blood lymphocytes was incubated with these immunomicropheres and applied to a glass column located in a magnetic field. Only HLA-BW 4 lymphocytes passed through the column and were collected. The recovered cells were 97% viable. PMID- 7276074 TI - Aortic valve replacement in the over seventy age group. AB - Between 1970 and 1979 50 patients over the age of seventy years underwent aortic valve replacement. The overall hospital mortality was 14% but has been reduced to 5% following the introduction of cold cardioplegia for myocardial protection. Actuarial survival curves predict a 60% five year survival. Whilst all patients considered for surgery were severely limited in terms of effort tolerance, only 5% of the survivors remain in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. In conclusion aortic valve replacement may be safely performed in septagenarians and results in increased longevity and quality of life. PMID- 7276073 TI - Continuous monitoring of pulmonary artery pressure after cardiac surgery in infants and children. AB - Increases in pulmonary vascular resistance in the post-operative period are becoming more widely recognised as a cause of sudden clinical deterioration and death after the correction of congenital heart disease. Therefore pulmonary artery pressure was continuously monitored in the post-operative period in 45 selected infants and children who had undergone surgery for congenital heart disease by inserting an 18 gauge intravenous catheter into the main pulmonary artery through the right ventricular infundibulum at the time of operation. Episodes of low cardiac output which were accompanied by significant increases in PAP/AOP ratio occurred in 20 patients and were managed by alteration in ventilation and/or administration of pulmonary vasodilators. There was a small but significant morbidity associated with the procedure. It should therefore be reserved for those cases considered to be at risk of developing episodes of increased pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 7276075 TI - Right aortic arch with contralateral congenital subclavian steal syndrome. AB - Three cases of right aortic arch associated with contralateral congenital subclavian steal syndrome are presented. Diagnosis may be made if special attention is given to the blood pressures and amplitude of pulses in both arms. Retrograde aortography is necessary to establish a definitive diagnosis. If symptoms are present in the adolescent, a bypass graft procedure should be performed. PMID- 7276076 TI - Fibromuscular dysplasia of the distal cervical internal carotid artery. AB - Fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery is the most frequent extracranial localization of the disease. It can produce TIA or cerebral infarct through formation of fibrinous thrombi or complete occlusion of the artery. Seven cases are presented with disease localized in the distal segment of the carotid artery, usually considered inaccessible through standard exposure. A surgical approach is described to treat these lesions by performing a mandible osteotomy. This allows a resection of the internal carotid and its replacement with autologous saphenous vein graft as performed in six cases. The distal anastomosis was performed 1 or 2 cm. below the base of the skull. One case could not be corrected due to disease extending into the skull. All patients were operated on for TIA and one had a cerebral infarct. Six patients had an uneventful recovery and no further neurological symptoms. One patient had a postoperative hemiplegia. Pathologic specimens were described as fibromuscular dysplasia in all cases. Three of them had also a dissecting aneurysm, two of these also showed a ruptured intima. Intraluminal dilatation is regarded as a potentially risky procedure; resection and replacement through a mandible osteotomy is recommended for very distal internal carotid lesions. PMID- 7276078 TI - Experimental skeletal muscle revascularization by jejunal loop implant. AB - The possible onset of a vascular connection between the parietal network of a jejunal loop transposed into the crural region and the quadriceps muscle in hypoperfused condition has been experimentally studied. Ten dogs were included in this study. Sixty days after the operation the angiograms obtained by cannulating the artery of the implanted loop showed a rich neovascularity in the muscular area near the implant and the direct visualization of the venous outflow of the thigh. Histology of the specimens showed no substantial abnormalities of the muscular tissue. From these data the possible effective role of the skeletal muscle revascularization in the management of some severe ischemic conditions, after the failure of all the conventional reconstructive procedures, is suggested. PMID- 7276077 TI - Coagulation changes during major surgery and relationship to post-operative deep vein thrombosis. AB - Nineteen patients undergoing aortic surgery during which 5,000 units of heparin were given intravenously were compared with 39 patients undergoing laparotomy or herniorrhaphy. There was an expected significant reduction in coagulability as measured by thrombelastography in those patients undergoing aortic surgery. Moreover, the early post-operative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) rate was significantly less. This implies that a reduction in coagulability by I.V. heparin during surgery is associated with a lower incidence of early post operative deep vein thrombosis. Among the laparotomy and hernia group who developed a DVT, coagulability was significantly greater both before and during the operation and on the first post-operative day. PMID- 7276079 TI - Thoracic sympathectomy. Review of indications, results and surgical techniques. AB - 87 patients operated upon for 125 thoracic sympathectomies with different surgical techniques (supraclavicular, axillar and posterior approach) were studied. Authors noticed clear differences in results according to the sex of the patient and basic disease. Some observations about advantages and disadvantages of the different surgical techniques are also reported. According to the results, Authors suggest a particular therapeutical behaviour. PMID- 7276081 TI - Recurrent aortic occlusion due to malignancy. AB - A 62-year-old male had repeated episodes of aortic bifurcation occlusion by malignant masses of the same histologic type as the previously excised adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon. In spite of an extensive investigation of the lungs, heart and aorta no trace of the origin and the route of dissemination of the carcinomatous masses was found. Severe suspicion arises of massive malignant direct invasion of the aorta from the local recurrence of the tumor of the descending colon excised 3 years previously. PMID- 7276080 TI - A case of false aneurysm of the right ventricle. AB - False aneurysms of the right ventricle are rare and potentially fatal. A patient is described in whom a trilocular false aneurysm arose from the antero-inferior border of the right ventricle and entered the left hemi-diaphragm. It was successfully treated by closure of the communication with the right ventricle and relief of pulmonary stenosis with right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. The fifteen previously reported cases of false aneurysms of the right ventricle are reviewed. PMID- 7276082 TI - Entrapment syndrome of the popliteal artery. PMID- 7276083 TI - The importance of high lumbar aortography in the Leriche syndrome. AB - Three patients with Leriche syndrome in whom a conventional low puncture lumbar aortogram failed to demonstrate the causative lesions are described. The aortic obstruction in Leriche syndrome is not always at the lower end of the aorta and may be high in the lumbar aorta. The importance of a high (D12/L1) puncture in patients with suspected Leriche syndrome, so that the whole of the abdominal aorta is visualised, is emphasised. PMID- 7276085 TI - Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the watermelon stigma. AB - The ultrastructure and histochemistry of the watermelon stigma were followed from 6 days before flower opening to anthesis. Starch and lipid were present in the immature papilla cells but had largely disappeared from the cells by anthesis, when carbohydrate and lipid were present in the stigma secretion external to the cell wall. Th mature papilla cells had simple wall thickenings and were transfer cells. The wall thickenings were associated with dictyosomes and secretory vesicles. Other characteristics indicating a secretory function for the papilla cells included plastid-ER complexes and close associations between ER and secretory vesicles at the plasmalemma. Granulocrine secretion involving dictyosomes and ER is suggested for the carbohydrate component of the secretion. PMID- 7276084 TI - Modification of the Gelpi retractor: an aid to prosthetic valve replacement. PMID- 7276086 TI - Ultrastructural studies on chromatin digestion by micrococcal nuclease in the presence of polyamines. AB - Nuclei purified from C57BL mouse submandibular salivary gland were treated with a range of micrococcal nuclease concentrations and times of treatment (from 0.5 unit for 2.5 min to 50 units for 30 min) in the presence of polyamines. About 50% of the chromatin was solubilized initially but with prolonged digestion this chromatin became insoluble again. Electron microscopy showed destruction of the finely dispersed chromatin with mild digestion, followed by aggregation of chromatin with more vigorous digestion. The early disappearance of finely dispersed chromatin filaments was not accompanied by preferential solubilization of chromatin associated with RNA polymerase II (euchromatin). These data suggest that the polyamines markedly reduce the susceptibility of euchromatin to micrococcal nuclease digestion. PMID- 7276087 TI - Inverse correlation between neutrophil microtubule numbers and enhanced random migration. AB - The random migration of neutrophils under agarose as measured by the number of cells leaving the well, is enhanced when the pH or the osmolality of the medium is reduced or when microtubule agents are used. Concentrations of colchicine above 5 x 10-7 M increased the number of cells migrating and decreased the mean number of centriolar microtubules in a dose-dependent fashion from 16 to 4 per 4 micron 2 at 10-5 M. The distance that colchicine-treated neutrophils migrated from the well was not different from the control. Lowering the pH from 7.4 to 6.0 also increased random migration and decreased pericentriolar microtubules from a mean of 16 to a mean of 10. At pH 6.0, both the number of cells that migrated and the distance the cells forming the leading edge travelled from the well were increased. Since peripheral microtubules may play a greater role in cell migration than centiolar ones, we examined the numerical density of microtubules in the peripheral cytoplasm. Lowering the medium pH reduced the mean number of microtubules per 10 micron 2 from 6 to 2. Colchicine reduced micro-tubules in the same area to I. At the low pH, colchicine reduced even further the numbers of both centriole-associated and peripheral microtubules but the migration pattern was the same as that seen at pH 6.0 without colchicine. Lowering medium osmolality from 280 to 230 m-osmol increased random migration but did not affect microtubule numbers. The addition of colchicine to this system decreased microtubule numbers and increased migration even further. Conditions that enhanced neutrophil migration also affected cell shape. Whereas cells at pH 7.4 were generally fan-shaped with a broad, smooth leading edge, cells at pH 6.0 with or without colchicine were long and narrow. Neutrophils at pH 7.4 but 230 m-osmol had a scalloped edge, which often appeared thickened. This too was not altered by colchicine. The morphology of cells treated with colchicine was similar to controls except for the more frequent presence of long retraction fibres. Each of these treatments thus appears to act on a different aspect of the cell's locomotory apparatus. The mechanisms by which colchicine and lowered ph enhance migration may partially overlap since both significantly decrease peripheral microtubules. The data suggest that microtubules play a constraining role within the cell, limiting the ability of the cell to move and change direction. PMID- 7276089 TI - Commitment during nematocyte differentiation in Hydra. AB - Nematocytes in Hydra differentiate from interstitial stem cells. Desmonemes differentiate mainly in the distal half of the body column while stenoteles differentiate predominantly in the proximal half. This difference was used to determine the timing of nematocyte-type commitment in the differentiation pathway. Cells were transferred from distal or proximal regions to all positions in the body column to test when the proportion of stenotele and desmoneme differentiation changed to reflect the new environment. In the first experiment, the distal region of the body column was isolated and permitted to regenerate a whole Hydra. In the second experiment, dissociated cells from distal or proximal regions were transplanted into regenerating aggregates of Hydra tissue. Both experiments effectively transferred cells from distal or proximal positions to positions throughout the body column. By comparing the kinetics of stenotele and differentiation with the time required for distal or proximal cells to differentiate stenoteles and desmonemes in accord with their new environment, it was possible to conclude that stenotele and desmoneme commitment occurs during the terminal cell cycle prior to nematocyte differentiation and not at the stem cell. Additional experiments indicated that the number of rounds of cell division preceding differentiation is fixed at the time stem cells enter the nematocyte pathway. PMID- 7276090 TI - Effects of steroids and different culture media on cell cycle of the androgen sensitive human cell line NHIK3025. AB - The median cell cycle of synchronized NHIK3025 cells grown in Eagle's MEM with 10% foetal calf serum was 23.6 h, compared to 18 h observed earlier in Puck's E2a medium with 30% serum (20% human and 10% horse). This difference is due to prolongation of both G1 and G2 in the MEM type medium. Testosterone and 4 androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol reduced the cell cycle of synchronized populations of NHIK3025 cultured in MEM type medium. Dexamethasone gave cell cycle prolongation while estradiol had no effect. These results are in accordance with steroid-induced changes in growth of asynchronous cell populations observed earlier. The androgen growth stimulation was partly due to a shortening of G2 but was not exclusively located in one particular phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 7276088 TI - Fibroblast adhesion on collagen substrata in the presence and absence of plasma fibronectin. AB - We have used scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to compare the initial adhesion of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and early passage human skin fibroblasts on glass, dried collagen, and hydrated collagen substrata. On glass or dried collagen substrata, BHK cell spreading required fibronectin and the cells were extensively flattened, with broad lamellipodia. In marked contrast, BHK cell spreading on hydrated collagen substrata did not require fibronectin and the cell bodies tended to be rounded, with one or several large filipodia. These filipodia generally penetrated into collagen lattice where they interwove with the collagen fibrils. Proteolysis of the collagen was not evident. In the presence of fibronectin, the morphology of BHK cell spreading on hydrated collagen substrata was similar, except that there was an increase in the number of cells that spread with lamellipodia that did not penetrate the collagen lattice. Human fibroblasts also demonstrated marked differences in cell spreading on glass or dried collagen compared to hydrated collagen substrata. Spreading was characterized by lamellipodia on glass or dried collagen but by multiple filipodia on hydrated collagen. In the latter case, the filipodia penetrated just beneath the surface of the collagen lattice. Added fibronectin was not required for spreading on human fibroblasts on any of the substrata and the presence of added fibronectin had no effect on cell morphology. Finally, the human fibroblasts were observed to form adhesion plaques in some cases where the fibroblasts made close contacts with individual collagen fibrils. The results are discussed in terms of connective tissue organization. PMID- 7276091 TI - Analysis of skin fibroblast aggregation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Skin fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy have a low intercellular adhesiveness compared with normal cells when aggregated in a Couette viscometer (collision efficiencies of 2.52 and 4.62, respectively). The pattern of aggregation was quantitated using a digitizer system to measure the areas of particles (single cells and aggregates) formed after 20 min aggregation. This size analysis showed that the majority of dystrophic cells remained unaggregated but that a small number of very large aggregates was always formed. Normal cell suspensions only rarely contained large aggregates but contained many intermediate-size aggregates. These differences in intercellular adhesiveness and aggregate pattern formation indicate that there may be an alteration in the surface of dystrophic cells. PMID- 7276092 TI - The effects of fibronectin on the migration of human foreskin fibroblasts and Syrian hamster melanoma cells into three-dimensional gels of native collagen fibres. AB - The effects of fibronectin on the migration of human skin fibroblasts and Syrian hamster melanoma cells into 3-dimensional gels of native collagen fibres have been examined. Cell migration into the 3-dimensional gel was measured by plating cells on the gel surface and then determining the percentage of cells within the gel at various times thereafter by direct microscopic examination. We find that fibronectin bound to collagen inhibits the migration of human skin fibroblasts and stimulates the migration of melanoma cells into the gel matrix. Fibronectin had no apparent effect on cell adhesion to the collagen gels, proliferation or morphology under the conditions studied. PMID- 7276093 TI - Inhibition of leukocyte locomotion by hyaluronic acid. AB - The effect of hyaluronate on neutrophil motility in vitro was studied by the micropore filter technique and by direct visual analysis of the locomotion of neutrophils on glass. Both directed and random locomotion of neutrophils was inhibited by physiological concentrations (0.5-6.0 mg ml(-1)) of hyaluronate in a dose- and molecular weight-dependent manner. Inhibition of cell movement was more pronounced for high molecular weight chemoattractants such as casein than for small chemotactic peptides such as f-Met-Leu-Phe. Chemotactic factor gradient formation in filter chambers was profoundly retarded by hyaluronate, which may partly explain the inhibitory effects of hyaluronate on directed neutrophil locomotion. In addition, hyaluronate inhibited the binding of chemotactic factor to the neutrophil surface. This effect, together with a reduction in cell-to substratum adhesion, may provide an additional explanation for hyaluronate induced inhibition of random neutrophil locomotion. Inhibition of locomotion by hyaluronate was easily reversed by washing the cells free of hyaluronate; thus competition by hyaluronate for cell-surface binding sites is unlikely, and physical effects such as steric exclusion or molecular sieving by the large hyaluronate polymer provide the most probable explanations of its inhibitory effect on cell locomotion. Since hyaluronate is a major constituent of tissue matrices, these results draw attention to the importance of the extracellular environment in regulating inflammatory cell movement in vivo. PMID- 7276094 TI - Use of purified endopolygalacturonase for a topochemical study of elongating cell walls at the ultrastructural level. AB - Endopolygalacturonase, a fungal enzyme purified by Albersheim and his group which specifically degrades the galacturonosyl linkages of pectic polysaccharides, was used at the ultrastructural level on intact tissues from differentiated organs. Specimens were taken from the elongating zone of mung bean (Vigna radiata) hypocotyls. Incubation with the enzyme solution was performed en bloc, prior to embedding and to ultrastructural cytochemistry (PATAg test for polysaccharides), or by flotation of ultrathin frozen sections. From the morphological viewpoint, the images obtained are sharp and reproducible. They support the plywood model for the organization of expanding walls. The ordering of walls appears to be built up very early, at the very beginning of elongation, in the upper part of the hypocotyl (hook). The specificity of the enzyme allows a topochemical study of the wall. Data indicate an uneven distribution of polysaccharides of pectic type across a single wall and among the different cells. Outer and inner wall areas are highly resistant to extraction by endopolygalacturonase. In the middle lamella the insolubility of amorphous components probably indicates a local concentration of highly methyl-esterified carboxyl groups not susceptible to endopolygalacturonase attack; conversely, adjacent parts of the middle lamella are regularly extracted, indicating a high concentration of galacturonans. An intense extraction occurs in the bow-shaped zone, revealing the occurrence of a massive embedding of unesterified pectic polysaccharides around the fibrillar subunits responsible for the twisted patterns. In the inner and recent part of the wall, the ordering of fibrillar subunits seems progressive and possibly related to the peptic embedding. This incrusting material could play a role in the morphogenesis of the ordered wall by means of specific assembly and interconnections of wall subunits. PMID- 7276095 TI - Effects of disuse on growing and adult chick skeletal muscle. AB - The effects of long-term muscle inactivity, throughout post-hatching development, have been examined. Continuous immobilization of the chicken posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscle from the first hour after hatching for varying periods up to 330 days, resulted in a significantly greater decrease in myofibre size (40-64% less than control) than occurred when adult muscles were immobilized for similar periods (20-40% less than control). The myofibre atrophy resulting from long-term immobilization of adult muscle is reversible, after removal of the plaster cast. In contrast, the myofibres immobilized immediately after hatching, for similar periods of time, were unable to recover one the casts were removed. On the basis of myofibre cross-sectional area, 2 populations of cells were seen in muscles immobilized during postnatal development: small myofibres of 0.5-200 micron 2 and larger myofibres of 500-800 micron 2. The distribution of fibre cross-sectional area within immobilized adult muscles was similar to controls, suggesting a uniform response (i.e. atrophy) by all of the myofibres within the muscle. Immobilization in both newly hatched and adult PLD muscles did not appear to alter the pattern of motor endplate distribution within the muscle. Small, multiple motor endplates were observed associated with immobilized and control myofibres near their terminal ends. This finding suggests that the embryonic pattern of myofibre innervation is not entirely lost from all the fibres during postnatal development. PMID- 7276096 TI - Inversion in Volvox tertius: the effects of con A. AB - During the development of Volvox tertius spheroids, a single-celled gonidium enlarges and undergoes multiple incomplete cleavages to give an embryo which is 'inside-out' with respect to the adult organism. A morphogenetic movement, termed 'inversion', turns this hollow ball of cells 'inside-out' through a hole, the phialopore. In V. tertius this phialopore possesses 4 inwardly directed lips. Normal inversion was studied in vitro in slide chambers and involved cell-shape changes accompanied by the production of pseudopodia and the bending backwards of the phialopore lips. 100 micrograms/ml Con A specifically and reversibly blocked inversion. Despite the inhibitory effect on cell division, the blocking of inversion was not due to the blocking of the last cell division some 50-100 min prior to inversion. Neither did the first cell-shape change from pear- to spindle shape appear blocked. A feature of inhibition by Con A was the enhanced production of pseudopodia by embryos blocked at inversion, and the abnormal production of pseudopodia by embryos blocked at earlier stages. Non-inverting embryos showed internal flagella. We suggest that the Con A block to inversion, which may be reversed by alpha-methyl mannoside, arises from the prevention of backwards-bending of the phialopore lips. Fluorescein-isothiocyanate-Con A bound to embryo and cell coat, ane more strongly to the embryo at pre-inversion. SDS polyacrylamide gel analysis of proteins isolated from embryos showed 4 glycoprotein bands, but Con A binding to these bands could not be demonstrated. PMID- 7276097 TI - Repair of strand breaks in superhelical DNA of ataxia telangiectasia lymphoblastoid cells. AB - A number of different assay methods have been used to study repair of strand breaks in DNA after exposure of cells to ionizing radiation. Use of these methods indicates that fibroblasts from patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT), a multiform genetic disease exhibiting high sensitivity to ionizing radiation, have a normal ability to repair strand breaks in DNA. All of these methods determine the extent of breakage of DNA and the resealing of these breaks but do not provide information on restoration of DNA configuration in the nucleus. In this report we have used a sensitive technique to investigate restoration of the 3 dimensional structure of DNA in AT lymphoblastoid cells after exposure to ionizing radiation. This technique provides a means of lysing cells using a high concentration of salt and a non-ionic detergent, giving rise to structures called nucleoids which contain nuclear RNA and DNA, are depleted in protein, and sediment in a manner characteristic of supercoiled DNA. We have shown that the degree of supercoiling is the same in control and AT lymphoblastoid cells using sedimentation in the presence of ethidium bromide. The extent of breakage after exposure of cells to gamma-radiation, and the rate of repair of these breaks are similar in both cell types. Rate of repair of strand breaks is dose dependent and the restructured rapidly sedimenting complex behaves similarly, on sucrose gradients containing ethidium bromide, to that extracted from unirradiated cells. PMID- 7276098 TI - Effect of vinblastine and cytochalasin B on the cytoskeletal domains in 3T3 cells. AB - Normal 3T3 cells were exposed to vinblastine and cytochalasin B in an attempt to correlate the morphological changes of the cell surface as seen in the scanning electron microscope with ultrastructural changes of the cytoskeletal elements as seen in critical-point-dried cells in the transmission electron microscope. Special attention was given to the changes in the cytoplasmic domains distinguished in a previous paper. Cytochalasin B primarily affects the ultrastructure of the cytocortical domain by inducing the formation of condensation foci on the cytoplasmic material. Vinblastine not only induces the depolymerization of microtubules and the perinuclear concentration of intermediate filaments, but it also causes the disappearance of stress fibres from the cortical cytoplasm and the widening of the cytocortex at the expense of the endoplasmic domain. These results support the hypothesis that the differentiation in ultrastructural domains is dependent on the spreading of the cells and their adhesion to substrate. PMID- 7276100 TI - [Intrahepatic biliary lithiasis : role of Ascaris infection in 150 cases. Experimental study on bile stone formation (author's transl)]. AB - Biliary infection was the cause of intrahepatic biliary lithiasis in 150 patients operated upon over the last twenty years. Diagnosis was established during operation in the majority of cases, but cholangiography, or ultrasound and/or scintiscan examinations were required in a few patients. To determine the mechanism of formation of these biliary stones, a study was conducted in 30 rabbits divided into three groups, each forming a model of lithogenesis. Pathological examination of the liver demonstrated the presence of multiple abscesses, fibrosis, bile duct stenosis, and perihepatitis. The results of the different types of operative techniques employed in these patients are described. PMID- 7276099 TI - [Severe digestive hemorrhage from ulcers on the posterior surface of the first part of the duodenum: clinical aspects and therapeutical results in 107 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The mode of onset, and clinical, radiological, and endoscopic findings in 107 cases of digestive hemorrhage are described, as well as variations in the period elapsing between onset and surgical intervention. Indications for surgery and the results obtained are analyzed. Operation consisted of subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy in 74 cases (followed by pyloroplasty in 68 and gastroenterostomy in 6 cases), gastroduodenal resection in 23 cases (with subsequent gastrojejunal anastomosis in 17 and gastroduodenal anastomosis in 6 cases), resection for exclusion operation as described by Finsterer in 8 patients, and highly selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty in 2 cases. Hemorrhage reoccurred in 12 patients (11.2 p. cent), after vagotomy and pyloroplasty in 11 patients (with 3 deaths), and one case after resection. Of the 8 early relapses, 4 were treated medically, leading to 2 recoveries and 2 deaths, the other 4 patients being treated by gastroduodenal resection, with subsequent recovery in 5 cases and one death. The 4 patients with late recurrences were successfully treated medically (2 cases) or surgically (2 cases). Though Weinberg's operation can still be considered as the basic operation in patients with hemorrhage from ulcers on the posterior in patients with hemorrhage from ulcers on the posterior wall of the duodenum, immediate gastric resection is still a valid procedure for large ulcers with thickened walls. Early relapse of hemorrhage after Weinberg's operation should be treated by resection. PMID- 7276103 TI - [Gallbladder volvulus : report on three cases and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Gallbladder volvulus is an extremely rare disorder. Three cases have been treated recently in the Surgical Department of the Faculty of Medicine, Liege. The clinical picture is that of an acute abdomen requiring urgent surgery, diagnosis usually being made during the operation. Treatment is fairly simple : cholecystectomy, which no problem of dissection ro of instrumental exploration of the bile duct, the volvulus being normally free from stones. Prognosis for the volvulus and the gallbladder is a function of the general condition and the rapidity of operation, and is currently generally good. PMID- 7276101 TI - [Variations in post-small bowel resection gastric acid hypersecretion and hyper gastrinemia after vagotomy and antrectomy. Experimental study in rat (author's transl)]. AB - Resection of the small bowel provokes gastric acid hypersecretion and hyper gastrinemia. Various studies have been conducted to assess the effects of vagotomy and antrectomy on post-resection gastric hyperacidity, both on basal levels and those after stimulation with histamine and pentagastrin. Similar studies involved hypergastrinemia levels. A total of 100 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups : controls (C). massive small bowel resection (R), vagotomy plus pyloroplasty (VP). antrectomy (A), vagotomy plus pyloroplasty and bowel resection (VPR), and antrectomy plus bowel resection (AR). - It was demonstrated that vagotomy is the most effective method for reducing gastric acid hypersecretion after small bowel resection. Antrectomy provokes diminution of gastric acid secretion in animals without bowel resections, but neither this nor gastrinemia levels are significantly altered in operated animals. Synergistic action of the mechanisms provoking post-resection and post-vagotomy hyper gastrinemia is observed when they occur in the same group of animals, the incidence being higher than that observed after vagotomy or resection alone. Gastrinemia levels increased after VPR or reduced after AR cannot be differentially transposed to gastric secretion in these two groups of animals, demonstrating that, under these conditions, blood gastrin levels are not the principal factor involved in gastric secretion control. PMID- 7276102 TI - [Broncho-reno-cutaneous fistula. Etiopathogenicity and possible therapy. A case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276105 TI - [Injuries to the spleen : treatment by infrared coagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276106 TI - [Auricular myxoma disclosed by a multiple emboli syndrome]. PMID- 7276104 TI - [Peritoneovenous shunt (Leveen's valve) : need for radiological control of the position of the distal tube during operation (author's transl)]. AB - The observation of 3 cases with dysfunction of a peritoneovenous shunt due to malposition of the distal tube suggests the need for systematic radiological control of the position of tube in the superior vena cava during the operation. In patients with postoperative dysfunction the first step should be opacification of the distal tube by transcutaneous puncture in order to locate the site of the proximal or distal obstruction and to decide on the further operative procedures necessary (replacement of the value or the distal tube). PMID- 7276107 TI - [Postoperative peritonitis after digestive surgery]. PMID- 7276112 TI - The interaction of heredity and childhood environment: some adoption studies. PMID- 7276108 TI - Dilemmas in education. PMID- 7276111 TI - Hysterical conversion reactions in childhood. PMID- 7276110 TI - Children with reading and spelling retardation: functioning of whole-word and correspondence-rule mechanisms. PMID- 7276109 TI - Intellectual performance and reading skills after localized head injury in childhood. PMID- 7276113 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the mycotoxin secalonic acid D and its application to biological fluids. AB - Secalonic acid D (SAD) is an acutely toxic, teratogenic and possibly mutagenic fungal metabolite produced in corn by Penicillium oxalicum. Using ultraviolet absorbance at 340 nm as a means of detection, SAD was resolved as a sharp peak by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a small particle (10 mu m) mu Bondapak C18 column in 4 min by an acetonitrile--water--glacial acetic acid-tetrahydrofuran (5:3:0.5:0.5 for solvent system A and 4:3:0.5:0.5 for solvent system B) elution solvent system. The flow-rates for the two solvent systems (A and B) were 1.5 and 1.7 ml/min; column operating pressures of 1500 and 1800 p.s.i., respectively, resulted. The relationship between peak height or peak area and the quantity of SAD injected was linear over a range of 1--50 ng. Detection was very sensitive with lower limits of detection of 0.6 and 0.7 ng of SAD in solvent systems A and B, respectively. Retention times, peak heights and peak areas were highly reproducible in both solvent systems. Detection of SAD in spiked (0.2--10 mu g/ml) urine and bile samples injected without cleanup onto the HPLC column and quantitative extraction of SAD by ethyl acetate from spiked, acidified plasma samples (0.1--5 mu g/ml) followed by HPLC analysis were obtained. Solvent system B gave better resolution of SAD from the interfering substances in bile and urine than solvent system A. However, sensitivity was slightly greater in solvent system A. PMID- 7276115 TI - Systematic separation of medium-sized biologically active peptides by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - The systematic separation of medium-sized biologically active peptides by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. Three steps are involved: first, high-performance sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) gel chromatography on a newly developed column. TSK-GEL 2000SW; secondly, ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC using stepwise elution mobile phases containing SDS and tetrabutylammonium phosphate; thirdly, high-performance cation-exchange chromatography on a Partisil SCX column for purification, using stepwise gradient elution with volatile buffers. Removal of SDS was possible in the final step. This systematic method is fast, reproducible and gives excellent separations and recoveries. PMID- 7276114 TI - Determination of capsaicin in tissues and separation of capsaicin analogues by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Capsaicin, the pungent principle of chili peppers, and six analogues were characterized by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using isocratic methanol--water mixtures and UV detection. A highly sensitive method for the quantitative determination of capsaicin in animal tissues and blood has been developed. Using a reversed-phase column and acetonitrile--water mixtures for elution, 3 ng of capsaicin could be measured by fluorimetric detection at an excitation wavelength of 270 nm and an emission wavelength of 330 nm. Acetone extraction of tissue resulted in a recovery of approximately 90%. Extraction and determination of capsaicin in rat brain, spinal cord, liver and blood after i.v. administration is given as an example. PMID- 7276116 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of some biogenic amines as their pentafluorobenzoyl derivatives in the picogram range and its applicability to biological materials. AB - The catecholamines dopamine and noradrenaline were converted into the stable pentafluorobenzoyl (PFB) derivatives for their specific and quantitative gas chromatographic (GC) assay. This allowed their detection in the picogram range using an electron-capture detector. Acylation was performed with pentafluorbenzoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine and with acetonitrile as solvent. The structures of the PFB-catecholamines were confirmed by GC-mass spectrometry. A good separation was obtained on 5% OV-17 at 265 degrees C. The high adsorption activity of the PFB-catecholamines could be overcome by optimizing the reaction conditions and applying special GC precautions. Linearity of the method was demonstrated for 50- 500 ng of the catecholamines with detection at the picogram level. The application of the method to biological materials is demonstrated. PMID- 7276117 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of biogenic amines. II. Comparison of detection methods. AB - With acidic aqueous mobile phases on silica, detection by electrochemical oxidation on a carbon paste working electrode was compared with detection by the native fluorescence by excitation at 280 nm of catechols and indoles. Based on evaluations of sensitivity, reproducibility, stability, selectively and simplicity of handling, the fluorescence detector was considered superior to the voltammetric detector. Preliminary results from direct injections of deproteinized serum indicated that at levels of at least 10 microgram/1 the content of some indoles in biological fluids could be determined without further sample purification. PMID- 7276118 TI - Capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of histamine in tuna fish causing scombroid poisoning. AB - A documented case of "scombroid poisoning" is reported by confirming the presence of high histamine levels in fresh tuna fish tissues by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. Histamine is confirmed by in situ trimethylsilylation of the tissue extract on a 12-m SP 2100- fused-silica capillary column connected directly to a mass spectrometer ion source operated in the positive ion chemical ionization mode using methane as reactant gas. The trimethylsilyl derivative of histamine is readily resolved by a high-resolution fused-silica capillary column and confirmed in the complex tissue extract by this very simple but specific procedure. PMID- 7276121 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of azinphos methyl and azinphos methyl oxon in fruits and vegetables. PMID- 7276120 TI - Determination of patulin and penicillic acid in unroasted cocoa beans. PMID- 7276119 TI - Paper chromatographic separation of phosphate esters, tricarboxylic cycle acids and amino acids in extracts from malaria parasites. AB - A paper chromatographic method for the separation and identification of complex mixtures of phosphate esters, tricarboxylic cycle acids and amino acids in biological extracts is described. The method has been applied to the investigation of carbohydrate metabolism pathways in the intraerythrocytic, simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi; on treatment of parasitized erythrocytes with [U-C14]glucose, a perchloric acid extract was prepared and separated by chromatography on Whatman 31 ET filter-paper. A simple procedure for the measurement of the specific activities of radioactive compounds without prior elution from the chromatographic support is also described. PMID- 7276124 TI - Storage of turkey erythrocytes for use in virus haemagglutination assays. PMID- 7276123 TI - A direct plaque assay for Mount Elgon bat virus. AB - Direct plaque formation by Mount Elgon bat virus was obtained using Vero cells under overlays of carboxymethyl cellulose or agar. The plaques were small but easily countable when the monolayer was stained with crystal violet. The direct assay was simple and convenient and gave infectivity titres slightly higher than those obtained by the indirect method. PMID- 7276125 TI - Preparation and characterization of high-specific activity radiolabeled 50 S measles virus RNA. AB - A method is described to radiolabel measles virus RNA for hybridization studies. Tritiated nucleosides were added to the media of measles virus infected Vero cells and negative-strand (genome) RNA with a specific activity of 6 X 10(5) c.p.m./microgram was purified from viral nucleocapsids. 50 S RNA was the sole RNA present in nucleocapsids and self-annealed to 50% due to the presence of 25% 50 S plus-strands (anti-genomes). PMID- 7276122 TI - Preparation of subviral particles from vaccinia virions irradiated with ultraviolet light. AB - Nucleoprotein complexes, containing proteins covalently bound to DNA, were prepared from vaccinia virions irradiated with ultraviolet light. In the electron microscope, these complexes were observed to have a spherical morphology with a densely staining central portion, apparently containing proteins cross-linked to DNA, from which loops or fibers of DNA or DNA complexed with protein emerged. PMID- 7276126 TI - In vitro 32P-labelling of viroid RNA for hybridization studies. AB - A method is described for the in vitro labelling of viroid RNA for use in hybridization studies. The citrus exocortis viroid (approximately 350 nucleotides) is degraded by hot formamide hydrolysis to fragments ranging from small oligonucleotides to near full lengths, and subsequently labelled to high specific activity by enzymatically attaching 32P to the 5'-end of each molecule. The cleavage step leaves 5' hydroxyl groups which allows the polynucleotide kinase to directly label the RNA fragments without prior enzymatic dephosphorylation. The method is simple, requires no special equipment, and provides a radioactive RNA probe sufficient for most types of hybridization studies. PMID- 7276127 TI - Purification of infectious rubella virus by gel filtration on sepharose 2B compared to gradient centrifugation in sucrose, sodium metrizoate and metrizamide. AB - Rubella virus was purified by chromatography on Sepharose 2B after concentration by ultrafiltration on hollow fibers and hydroextraction with PEG 20,000. Yields of 40% infectivity and 70% hemagglutinating activity were routinely obtained. Chromatographic purification was compared to ultracentrifugation in sucrose, metrizamide and sodium metrizoate. Yields were lower in sucrose and metrizamide, while sodium metrizoate reduced the infectivity of the virus below detectable levels. These results demonstrate the advantage of Sepharose 2B for the purification of infectious rubella virus. PMID- 7276128 TI - Comparison of radioimmunoassay and counter-immunoelectrophoresis for the detection of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. AB - A competitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was set up using purified hepatitis B core antigen and 125I labeled anti-HBc. RIA was compared with counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) for anti-HBc by examining a panel of quality control sera, clinical specimens screened for evidence of hepatitis B virus infection and sera collected during a VD clinic survey. RIA for anti-HBc was found to be more sensitive and more specific than CIEP. It detected anti-HBc in all HBsAg-positive and in most anti HBs-positive patients. CIEP for anti-HBc was also positive in almost all HBsAg positive patients but was frequently negative in anti-HBs-positive patients. Non specific reactions occurred in both tests but by RIA they could be more easily distinguished from true positives. PMID- 7276129 TI - A mathematical model for the hemolysin of measles virus. PMID- 7276130 TI - Comparison of hemagglutination inhibition, serum neutralization and ELISA-PVM tests for the detection of antibodies to pneumonia virus of mice in rat sera. AB - Recently, the seroneutralization, hemagglutination inhibition, and the ELISA procedures were used to determine the presence of serum antibody to the pneumonia virus of mice in rat sera. This study was initiated to evaluate the reliability of these procedures to detect specific antibodies in our laboratory animal species. The results obtained indicate that: 1) the seroneutralization test is not reliable since numerous false-positive sera were detected; 2) the ELISA is more sensitive than both the seroneutralization and hemagglutination inhibition procedures, and 3) the presence of low hemagglutination inhibition titers should not be considered significant. PMID- 7276131 TI - Mental health and high flats. PMID- 7276133 TI - Is longevity inherited? PMID- 7276132 TI - An analysis of detection bias and proposed corrections in the study of estrogens and endometrial cancer. PMID- 7276135 TI - Mortality and morbidity in patients with intermittent claudication as defined by venous occlusion plethysmography. A ten-year follow-up study. PMID- 7276134 TI - Multivariate estimation of exposure-specific incidence from case-control studies. PMID- 7276136 TI - On summary estimators of relative risk. PMID- 7276137 TI - Planning the duration of a comparative clinical trial with loss to follow-up and a period of continued observation. PMID- 7276138 TI - A headache chronicle: the daily recording of headaches and their correlates. PMID- 7276139 TI - Diet and serum cholesterol in Seventh-day Adventists: a cross-sectional study showing significant relationships. PMID- 7276140 TI - ECG findings in elderly patients with and without senile cardiac amyloidosis. PMID- 7276141 TI - Principles of a quantitative assay for bacterial endotoxins in blood that uses Limulus lysate and a chromogenic substrate. AB - Some factors affecting the use of chromogenic substrates with Limulus lysate for assaying bacterial endotoxins in blood have been assessed. It was found that endogenous amidases, which degrade the substrate, could be inactivated by heating serum at 60 degrees C for 15 min. Endotoxin was found not to be removed from serum during clotting. A potent inhibitor of the activated lysate was found to be anti-thrombin II, but specific absorption of anti-thrombin II from plasma reduced only marginally the inhibition of lysate by plasma. The presence of specific antibody to the endotoxin was found not to affect its ability to activate lysate. Inactivation of endotoxin by serum enzymes was biphasic in unheated serum, and most of the activity was destroyed in 3 h at 37 degrees C or in 24 h at 5 degrees C. The relevance of these findings to the objective quantitation of endotoxin activities is discussed. PMID- 7276142 TI - Regional variations in density of cutaneous propionibacteria: correlation of Propionibacterium acnes populations with sebaceous secretion. AB - Cutaneous Propionibacterium acnes populations were quantitatively measured in 33 young adults and compared with the rate and composition of sebum secretion in nine skin regions. Bacteriological and lipid analyses were performed on the forehead, cheek, anterior chest, abdomen, lower back, volar forearm, upper inner arm, thigh, and calf. P. acnes populations in these sites correlated significantly with the total amount of lipid produced (r = 0.77) as well as with di- and triglycerides (r = 0.68), squalene and wax esters (r = 0.72), cholesterol and cholesterol esters (r = 0.67), and free fatty acids (r = 0.67). PMID- 7276144 TI - Legionella gormanii sp. nov. AB - A new species of Legionella was isolated from soil collected from a creek bank. The name Legionella gormanii sp. nov. is proposed. PMID- 7276145 TI - Pleuropulmonary infection associated with Eubacterium brachy, a new species of Eubacterium. AB - A new species of Eubacterium was isolated from a case of pleural effusion. A case history and description of the organism are given. PMID- 7276143 TI - Effect of various blood culture media on lysostaphin sensitivity of staphylococci. AB - A rapid screening test for Staphylococcus aureus that utilizes lysostaphin sensitivity was found to be reliable for organisms cultured in 12 different commercial blood culture media. PMID- 7276146 TI - Delayed development of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen after symptomatic infection with hepatitis B virus. AB - During a 2-year period, 38 patients with clinical hepatitis B virus infection were seen at the Public Health Service Alaska Native Hospital in Bethel. This hospital serves an area in southwest Alaska that is hyperendemic for hepatitis B virus. The patients came to the hospital at various times from 15 scattered villages, and 92% were Eskimo. None of the patients had a recent history of hypodermic injection or blood transfusions. Twenty-five patients, all originally positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), were followed for up to 5 years after onset of illness, and 15 were either slow to develop, or never developed, antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), although only one patient became a chronic carrier of HBsAg. Six patients had a prolonged "window phase" between the disappearance of HBsAg and the appearance of anti-HBs which lasted for more than 1 year. Three patients had only transient anti-HBs after HBsAg disappeared, and five never developed measurable anti-HBs at all. All patients had antibody to hepatitis B core when both HBsAg and anti-HBs were absent. In contrast to studies in other populations, only 42% had anti-HBs 1 year after onset of illness, 63% had it at 18 months, 70% had it at 2 years, and 80% had it at 5 years. Factors related to ethnicity might account for the differences in the development of anti-HBs after acute symptomatic hepatitis B virus infection seen in Eskimos when compared with whites. PMID- 7276147 TI - Rapid differentiation of rocky mountain spotted fever from chickenpox, measles, and enterovirus infections and bacterial meningitis by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of sera. AB - Normal sera and sera from patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever, chickenpox, enterovirus infections, measles, and Neisseria meningitidis infections were extracted with organic solvents under acidic and basic conditions and then derivatized with trichloroethanol or heptafluorobutyric anhydride-ethanol to form electron-capturing derivatives of organic acids, alcohols, and amines. The derivatives were analyzed by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography (FPEC-GLC). There were unique differences in the FPEC-GLC profiles of sera obtained from patients with these respective diseases. With Rocky Mountain spotted fever patients, typical profiles were detected as early as 1 day after onset of disease and before antibody could be detected in the serum. Rapid diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever by FPEC-GLC could permit early and effective therapy, thus preventing many deaths from this disease. PMID- 7276148 TI - Thiamine pyrophosphate (cocarboxylase) as a growth factor for Haemophilus somnus. AB - The effect of a commercially available, chemically defined enrichment (Iso VitaleX; BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) on the growth of 10 strains of Haemophilus somnus was studied. A 6- to 10-fold increase in growth, as measured turbidimetrically, was observed when Iso VitaleX was added to a basal medium of brain heart infusion broth to a final concentration of 1% (vol/vol). Thiamine pyrophosphate (cocarboxylase), a constituent component of Iso VitaleX, was found to be the only growth-promoting factor, and it could be used as a substitute for Iso VitaleX. An equimolar concentration (2.2 microM) of thiamine monophosphate promoted growth equal to that of thiamine pyrophosphate. Thiamine was nonstimulatory for all 10 strains tested. When alkaline thermal-treated brain heart infusion broth was used as the basal medium, 7 of the 10 strains had an absolute requirement for thiamine monophosphate or thiamine pyrophosphate. The three remaining strains showed minimal growth when thiamine was added to this basal medium; however, excellent growth was observed when thiamine monophosphate or thiamine pyrophosphate was utilized. Factor X (hemin) was found to further enhance the growth when concentrations of 5 to 10 micrograms/ml were coupled with thiamine pyrophosphate. No increase in growth was observed when factor V (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was coupled with thiamine pyrophosphate. This is the first report of a growth factor requirement for H. somnus. PMID- 7276149 TI - FK phage for differentiating the classical and El T or groups of Vibrio cholerae. AB - A new vibrio-infecting phage (FK phage) isolated from sewage lysed all strains of Vibrio cholerae biovar cholerae, whereas all strains of V. cholerae biovar El Tor were resistant to it. FK phage was entirely different from Mukerjee group IV phage in morphology and antigenicity. In addition to group IV phage, the use of FK phage will be useful in the examination and typing of V. cholerae. PMID- 7276150 TI - Relationship between photochromogenicity and test temperature in mycobacteria. AB - Although it has been recommended that photochromogenicity of mycobacteria should be tested after incubation at 25 to 30 degrees C for 2 weeks (Wayne et al., Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 24:412-419, 1974), our results indicate that photochromogenicity should be determined at 37 degrees C in the dark and under continuous exposure to light for 2 weeks. The test at 37 degrees C gives more stable results for Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium szulgai. PMID- 7276151 TI - Bordetella bronchiseptica peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Bordetella bronchiseptica has rarely been reported as an opportunistic pathogen in humans. This is the first documented report of peritonitis due to B. bronchiseptica. The organism was seen on a Gram strain of peritoneal fluid and was isolated from a culture of the fluid. It was thought that the source of infection was related to the close contact of the patient with his dog. The patient was successfully treated with chloramphenicol administered intraperitoneally and intravenously. PMID- 7276153 TI - National health insurance proposals. PMID- 7276152 TI - Serratia ficaria isolated from a human clinical specimen. AB - The first isolation of Serratia ficaria from a human source is reported. Investigation into the eating habits of the patient revealed the probable source as figs, which are one of the natural reservoirs of this organism. How this and other normally saprophytic Serratia species can be distinguished from Serratia marcescens is reviewed. PMID- 7276155 TI - Alcohol control policy as a strategy of prevention. PMID- 7276154 TI - Effects of alcohol consumption on health. PMID- 7276156 TI - The lifestyle approach to prevention. PMID- 7276157 TI - Local health department activities in heart disease control. PMID- 7276158 TI - Health services in Mexico. PMID- 7276159 TI - Human mononuclear cell factors mediate cartilage matrix degradation through chondrocyte activation. AB - Human blood mononuclear cells (BMC) in short-term culture secrete one or more factors that induce degradation of matrix proteoglycan and collagen in cartilage explants in organ culture. Induction of matrix degradation took place both in nasal septum and articular cartilage explants in the presence of the mononuclear cell supernates. Cartilage degradation in this system was absolutely dependent on the presence of live chondrocytes. Matrix depletion did not occur in dead cartilage explants cultured with active supernates. Supernates obtained from unstimulated BMC showed variable cartilage matrix degrading activity (MDA). BMC stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) showed increased MDA, which in one dilution experiment was found to be five times higher than that in the unstimulated control supernate. Concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen were also shown to stimulate release of MDA. Time experiments showed that most of the degrading activity was released by the mononuclear cells during the first day of culture. The cellular origin of MDA was investigated with the aid of partially purified BMC subpopulations. Removal of adherent cells resulted in a decrease of MDA release. Purified T lymphocytes failed to show enhanced MDA release in spite of their ability to mount a virtually intact proliferative response to PHA. Purified adherent cells also failed to show enhanced PHA-dependent MDA release. Nevertheless, restoration of PHA-dependent MDA release took place in reconstituted cell populations containing both T lymphocytes and monocytes. These experiments suggest that MDA may be released by adherent mononuclear cells, presumably monocytes, and that the PHA-dependent increase in MDA release may be mediated by T lymphocytes. Partial characterization of MDA by gel chromatography showed one active fraction corresponding to an apparent molecular weight ranging from 12,000 to 20,000. The fraction was also shown to degrade cartilage matrix only in the presence of live chondrocytes. These results demonstrate that factors released by human BMC mediate degradation of matrix proteoglycan and collagen in intact cartilage explants through chondrocyte activation. This pathogenic mechanism may play a role in in vivo cartilage destruction in chronic inflammatory joint diseases. PMID- 7276160 TI - Mechanism of histamine-induced excitation of the cat pylorus. AB - Intravenous histamine causes high amplitude repetitive phasic contractions of the in vivo cat pylorus but has little effect on the antrum and duodenum. The genesis of this phasic response was studied using a pinned perfused catheter with openings at the pylorus, antrum, and duodenum. 2-Pyridylethylamine, an H1 agonist, produced phasic contractions similar to histamine whereas dimaprit, an H2 agonist, did not. Conversely, histamine-induced excitation is competitively antagonized by the H1 inhibitor diphenhydramine but not by the H2 inhibitor cimetidine. Thus histamine excitation is mediated through H1 receptor stimulation. Tetrodotoxin caused inhibition of the histamine response indicating that pyloric excitation is partly mediated through a neural pathway. To identify the nature of this pathway adrenergic and cholinergic blockers were used. Atropine, hexamethonium, and propranolol had no effect on the histamine response. Phentolamine and reserpine increased the magnitude of the histamine response. Conversely, phenylephrine blocked the histamine response. We conclude: histamine induces high phasic contractions in the pylorus; this effect is mediated through neural (nonadrenergic noncholinergic) and myogenic H1 receptors; alpha adrenergic stimulation inhibits the histamine response and alpha adrenergic blockade and catecholamine depletion increase it. PMID- 7276161 TI - Altered spectrin dimer-dimer association and instability of erythrocyte membrane skeletons in hereditary pyropoikilocytosis. AB - Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) is a hemolytic anemia characterized by microspherocytosis, poikilocytosis, and an unusual thermal sensitivity of erythrocytes. We have investigated the contribution of abnormal membrane skeletal assembly to these abnormal HPP erythrocyte properties. Skeletons prepared from fresh HPP ghosts with Triton X-100 were considerably more fragile than skeletons from control erythrocytes. Spectrin, the major skeleton component, extracted at 0 degrees C from normal erythrocytes, was present primarily as tetramers and high molecular weight complexes. In contrast, spectrin extracted from HPP erythrocytes under identical conditions contained a significant amount of dimers with a concomitant decrease of tetramers. Furthermore, spectrin dimers from HPP erythrocytes differed from normal spectrin dimers in their failure to reassociate into tetramers both in solution and in the membrane. Presumptive HPP carriers (asymptomatic mothers of the two patients) exhibited a mild but reproducible increase of spectrin dimers in 0 degrees C extracts and a defective reassociation of spectrin dimers of tetramers both in solution and in the membrane. We conclude that in HPP, self-association of spectrin dimers into tetramers is defective, which accounts for the instability of membrane skeletons. PMID- 7276162 TI - Characterization of a high molecular weight acidic nuclear protein recognized by autoantibodies in sera from patients with polymyositis-scleroderma overlap. AB - Autoantibodies in the serum from a patient with connective tissue disease have been used to define a high molecule weight acidic nuclear protein antigen. The antigen tentatively termed Ku, after the first two letters of patient's name, has distinct physicochemical properties and immunological specificities that distinguish it from previously reported antigens. The Ku antigen has an apparent 300,000 mol wt as determined by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation techniques. The antigen is destroyed by trypsin, mild heating, and pH variations greater than 10 and less than 5. Treatment with ribonuclease or deoxyribonuclease did not affect the antigenic reactivity. The Ku antigen was demonstrated in the soluble extracts of human, calf, and rabbit, but not of rat tissues. Purified antibody localized the Ku antigen within the nuclei of human liver where a "reticular" pattern of immunofluorescence was seen. Of 330 patients with various connective tissue diseases, 9 had precipitating antibodies to the Ku antigen. Preliminary results of clinical analysis indicated that antibody to the Ku antigen might become a useful marker for a group of patients with clinical characteristics of both polymyositis and scleroderma with a good prognosis. PMID- 7276163 TI - Exercise-induced hemolysis in xerocytosis. Erythrocyte dehydration and shear sensitivity. AB - A patient with xerocytosis was found to have swimming-induced intravascular hemolysis and shortening of erythrocyte life-span. In a microviscometer, xerocytes were more susceptible than normal erythrocytes to hemolysis by shear stress. Fractionation of normal and abnormal cells on discontinuous Stractan density gradients revealed that increasingly dehydrated cells were increasingly more shear sensitive. This sensitivity was partially corrected by rehydrating xerocytic erythrocytes by means of the cation-ionophore nystatin in a high potassium buffer. Conversely, normal erythrocytes were rendered shear sensitive by dehydrating them with nystatin in a low potassium buffer. This effect of dehydration was entirely reversible if normal cells were dehydrated for less than 4 h but was only partially reversed after more prolonged dehydration. It is likely that dehydration of erythrocytes results in shear sensitivity primarily because of concentration of cell contents and reduced cellular deformability. With prolonged dehydration, secondary membrane changes may potentiate the primary effect. This increased shear sensitivity of dehydrated cells may explain atraumatic exercise-induced hemolysis in xerocytosis as cardiac output is shifted to vessels of exercising muscles with small diameters and high shear rates. PMID- 7276164 TI - Parathyroid ablation in dystrophic hamsters. Effects on Ca content and histology of heart, diaphragm, and rectus femoris. AB - Cumulative evidence indicates that there is an increased accumulation of calcium in dystrophic muscle and that this may have a pathophysiological role in the progression of the dystrophic process. The accumulation may be related to a defect of the plasma membrane. Because parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates calcium influx into the cytosol, the chronic effects of surgical ablation of the parathyroid glands on muscle Ca, Mg, protein synthesis, and histology, as well as plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK), Ca, and Mg, were studied in normal and dystrophic (BIO 14.6) hamsters. Thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) hamsters receiving replacement doses of l-thyroxine were killed at age 90 d, 55 d after TPTX. In intact dystrophic hamsters, the Ca content in the heart was 20 times higher than in normal animals and was reduced by half in TPTX dystrophic hamsters. Similar results were observed in diaphragm and rectus femoris. No abnormalities in Mg content were observed in intact or TPTX dystrophic hamsters. Ether-extractable fat of the heart and diaphragm was reduced in dystrophic hamsters and was not modified by TPTX. Protein synthesis was enhanced in the diaphragm of dystrophic hamsters but was not changed by TPTX. The concentration of CPK in plasma was elevated in dystrophic hamsters and fell significantly after TPTX. In the latter animals, microscopic examination of the heart showed lesser signs of dystrophy, particularly in the degree of fibrosis. To determine the degree of dystrophy at the age when TPTX was performed, identical analyses were made in 35-d-old hamsters. Definitive histological signs of dystrophy were observed, and although the Ca content in heart, diaphragm, and rectus femoris was elevated, the values were lower than in 90-d-old intact and TPTX dystrophic hamsters. This indicates that chronic TPTX in dystrophic hamsters reduces, but does not arrest, the dystrophic process. In normal hamsters, a 50% reduction in plasma Ca concentration was observed 6 h after TPTX; 55 d after TPTX, however, plasma Ca was within normal limits in both normal and dystrophic hamsters. No parathyroid tissue was observed in serial sections of the trachea and adjacent tissues in TPTX animals. This suggests that in chronically TPTX hamsters fed a standard laboratory diet, plasma Ca can be maintained by mechanisms independent of parathyroid function. THE DATA INDICATE THAT IN DYSTROPHIC HAMSTERS TPTX CAUSES A MARKED REDUCTION IN: (a) muscle Ca accumulation, (b) levels of plasma CPK and, (c) intensity of histological changes in the heart. These changes were independent of the levels of plasma Ca and were not observed in normal hamsters. We conclude that PTH accentuates the dystrophic process, probably by enhancing the already increased Ca flux into muscle (apparently caused by defective sarcolemma). We postulate that normal secretion of PTH may have a deleterious effect in congenital or acquired conditions associated with altered plasma membranes. PMID- 7276165 TI - Effect of thyroparathyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy on renal function and the nephrotic syndrome in rat nephrotoxic serum nephritis. AB - Dietary phosphorus restriction (PR) prevents uremia in rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN). One possible mechanism by which PR could be protective would be through the suppression of parathyroid hormone. To evaluate this possibility two separate protocols were designed. In the first rats were thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) before (n = 11) or 5 wk after (n = 7) NSN induction and compared to sham-operated parathyroid intact rats with NSN (n = 12). At the end of the 23-wk study, intact rats were azotemic, plasma creatinine 3.80+/-0.81 mg/100 ml vs. 0.65+/-0.07 for TPTX rats (P < 0.001). During the study 75% of intact rats died of uremia in contrast to none of the TPTX rats (P < 0.001). Renal histological damage was greatly diminished and calcification prevented in TPTX rats. The proteinuria of the heterologous phase was unaffected, but the protein excretion and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) of the autologous phase were markedly decreased in the TPTX rats. The degree of HTG and proteinuria had a high positive correlation (P < 0.001). Late TPTX also produced significant decreases in proteinuria and HTG regardless of the degree of azotemia, and prevented azotemia if the plasma creatinine at the time of TPTX was P(Na)) of the late superficial PCT so that P(Na) exceeded P(Cl). The changes could not be ascribed to some undetermined effect of the uremic state in vivo, since increases in tubule size, Jv per unit length, and PD also occurred in PCT from nonazotemic uninephrectomized rabbits. In contrast, Jv, per unit length or per unit luminal surface area, was decreased by approximately 50% in PCT from embolized kidneys and PD was also reduced. In these tubules, the normal permselective properties were also reversed. Tubule size, however, was not significantly different from normal. The increases or decreases in Jv that occurred in the different disease models were not dependent on tubular fluid flow rate or the uremic milieu in vitro. These studies indicate that intrinsic proximal tubular function is modified by the disease state in vivo and that the "memory" of this adaptation is expressed in the in vitro situation. The changes in Jv observed in vitro parallel the increases or decreases in single nephron filtration rates that occur in vivo. Compensatory hypertrophy, with an attendant increase in luminal surface area, could explain the increased Jv per millimeter in the remnant kidneys, but the adaptation observed in the embolized kidneys cannot be ascribed to changes in tubule size. PMID- 7276174 TI - Clinical investigation--on the threshold of a golden era? Presidential address. PMID- 7276172 TI - Effect of soluble products from lectin-stimulated lymphocytes on the growth, adhesiveness, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of cultured synovial fibroblastic cells. AB - Human blood mononuclear cells exposed to concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin secrete a soluble factor that arrests the growth of human synovial fibroblastic cells in culture. Once the growth-inhibitory effect is initiated it cannot be reversed by washing the fibroblastic cells, by refeeding with nonconditioned fresh serum-containing medium, by trypsinization, EDTA treatment, or a combination of these procedures. Media from nonstimulated mononuclear cells, fibroblastic cells, or the lectins themselves do not contain similar inhibitory activity that can be detected by the present culture systems. This lectin dependent, growth-inhibitory activity does not have a cytotoxic effect on the fibroblasts but increases their adhesiveness to plastic or glass surfaces, and the cells tend to assume a less fibroblastic morphology. The growth-inhibitory activity is stable in the cold and is nondialyzable or ultrafilterable, but the activity is rapidly lost at temperature between 60 degrees and 70 degrees C and at pH 2.0. The growth-arrested cells secrete more glycosaminoglycan per cell in the medium and synthesize more cell surface glycosaminoglycan than the controls. However, the increased glycosaminoglycan synthesis cannot be explained as being entirely secondary to a cell density effect as it is also observed when adjustments are made for the differences in growth rates. PMID- 7276171 TI - Postnatal physiologic hypercholemia in both premature and full-term infants. AB - Previous studies have shown that bile salt concentrations in human blood taken from the placenta at birth of term infants are in the range found in adults. A 125I-radioimmunoassay procedure and capillary gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry have been used in this investigation to measure serum bile salt concentrations in premature and normal term infants. It was found that the serum bile salt concentration in samples taken at birth in premature infants were also similar to that of adults. In the week after birth the serum bile salt concentration rose four- to sevenfold in each of the infant groups. The increase was independent of gestational age and the "health" of the child. A similar increase was observed in term infants. Thus, hypercholemia is physiologic in newborn infants. In conjunction with other abnormalities of the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts there are profound implications in the newborn for the metabolism and excretion of those endogenous and exogenous substances that are dependent on the secretion of bile salt by the liver. In addition, speculations concerning the role of parenteral nutrition in the induction of cholestasis in premature infants should be made with caution. PMID- 7276175 TI - The association between mothers' social support and provision of stimulation to their children. AB - Specific forms of maternal social support were analyzed for their relationship to a validated measure of home stimulation (the Inventory of Home Stimulation). The 69 study families were chosen to represent a wide variability of social support at the time of the child's birth. All index children had been discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit 3 years before the study. The overall Maternal Social Support Index (MSSI) developed for the study explained a significant (p less tha 0.1) amount of variance in the home stimulation of 3-year-olds after income, race, maternal age, and other possible confounding variables had been controlled. In addition, specific MSSI items were strongly associated with various forms of environmental stimulation. The data suggest that augmentation of specific aspects of mothers' social support networks may increase their children's informal learning opportunities. PMID- 7276173 TI - Calcitonin stimulates bone formation when administered prior to initiation of osteogenesis. AB - The influence of calcitonin (CT) on various stages of bone formation was investigated. A demineralized collagenous bone matrix-induced bone forming system in rats was used to temporally segregate chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Administration of CT (15 Medical Research Council Units [MRCU]) daily) at the initiation of matrix-induced bone formation (BF) resulted in a 76% stimulation of BF as measured by 45Ca incorporation and alkaline phosphatase activity. This increase was due, in part, to a stimulation of cartilage and bone precursor cell proliferation monitored by the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation and ornithine decarboxylase activity. Chondrogenesis on day 7 as measured by 35SO4 incorporation was increased by 52% with CT treatment. To rule out the possibility of a secondary response due to parathyroid hormone, similar studies were done in parathyroidectomized animals and CT stimulation of BF was still observed. However, when CT injections were started after cartilage formation (day 8) there was no stimulation of BF but a significant decrease in 45Ca incorporation was observed. These results indicate CT has two actions: (a) when CT is administered during the initial phases of bone formation, it increases BF due to a stimulation of proliferation of cartilage and bone precursor cells; and (b) when CT is administered after bone formation has been initiated, subsequent bone formation is suppressed. PMID- 7276176 TI - Infants who do not sleep through the night. PMID- 7276177 TI - Maternal compliance and children's self-concept in cystic fibrosis. AB - To examine the hypothesis that the degree of maternal compliance with physical therapy regimens for cystic fibrosis (CF) is correlated with the child's psychological adjustment, compliance was classified by independent raters as "moderate" (intermediate) or "unmoderated" (rigid adherence or clear noncompliance). Compliance data were obtained in a structured self-report interview. The Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale was administered to the children (23 boys, aged 7-15 years) to measure this dimension of psychological adjustment. Children of mothers with unmoderated compliance scored significantly lower on total self-concept scores and on subtests measuring popularity and physical appearance and attributes than those with mothers whose compliance was rated as moderated. These findings, if confirmed in studies with larger samples that include girls with CF, have implications for practitioners who treat children with this disorder. PMID- 7276178 TI - Behavioral problems in deaf children: methodologic and theoretical considerations. AB - Problems in methodologic and theoretical approaches to the study of behavioral problems in deaf children are discussed. The most serious and prevalent methodologic deficiencies include inaccurate definitions, poor operationalization of "deafness," and the use of inadequate comparison groups. Many of the theories developed to explain findings in this area fail to consider individual differences among the children and/or their environments. Suggestions are presented with the goal of encouraging more exactness in methodology and the development of an electric theoretical approach to research in this area. It is argued that a valid understanding of the occurrence and "causes" of behavioral problems in this group, based on sound methodology, is essential to logical decision making and to any attempts at intervention. PMID- 7276179 TI - Newborns are people too: an abbreviated Brazelton assessment for clinical use. PMID- 7276180 TI - Psychosocial adaptation in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. AB - The psychiatric morbidity in group of 36 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) was compared with that in healthy matched control group. Psychiatric diagnoses, based on the ICD scheme of classification, were much more common in the CF group. Social background factors were related only poorly to psychosocial adaptation. There were moderate correlations between impaired pulmonary function and increased psychopathology; stronger correlations were found with variables related to mental health of the parents and family life. It is suggested that many children with CF require psychological help, a need that may increase as the disease progresses. PMID- 7276181 TI - Behavioral and psychiatric assessment of preterm and full-term low birth weight children at 9-11 years of age. AB - Preterm (N = 33) and full-term (N = 18) low birth weight subjects were compared at age 9 to 11 years to 52 full-term normal birth weight subjects of similar age and socioeconomic levels. All groups were evaluated by a psychiatrist who was not aware of prenatal or perinatal histories at the time of the interview. Mothers completed various standardized questionnaires designed to elicit information about the children's behaviors. There were no significant differences among the groups in the numbers of subjects with diagnoses of psychiatric disorders or in scores on ratings of hyperactivity, general behavioral maladjustment, and specific behavioral factors. These results indicate that low birth weight per se does not portend serious psychiatric sequelae during middle childhood. PMID- 7276182 TI - Psychologic and behavioral correlates of anorexia nervosa. AB - Female patients with anorexia nervosa (N = 34) were compared with two control groups of nonorganically ill, nonpsychotic female psychiatric patients. One control group was matched on several demographic variables; the other group was unmatched. Profiles on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory indicated less psychologic disturbance among the anorectic patients than in the matched control sample, but more feelings of turmoil or distress than were reported in studies of adolescent medical patients and high school seniors. Anorectic patients were described by ward personnel as less physically capable and more timid than controls; they also displayed less heterosexual interest, interacted less often with both peers and staff, were viewed as being unhappier, and were described as expressing anger in relatively passive ways. PMID- 7276183 TI - A methodological critique of Bandura's self-efficacy theory of behavior change. AB - This brief theoretical note identifies a major methodological problem in Bandura's argument in favor of self-efficacy theory and provides two methods of controlling for it. His data could likely be accounted for by social contingencies operating within his highly structured behavioral approach situation. PMID- 7276184 TI - Are experimental neuroses pathological states? AB - This paper argue that experimental neuroses are true pathological states. They can be caused by misconditioning or false learning and lead subsequently to failure of adaptation and other broad reactions of the organism. There seem to be two variants: in one case the experimental neurosis is due to the arousal and conditioning of anxiety that is of such intensity that it is very resistant to extinction. The other is the outcome of neural overload resulting in failure to perform required tasks. PMID- 7276185 TI - A comparison of the fears of mildly retarded adults with children of their mental age and chronological age matched controls. AB - Twenty mildly retarded adults were matched for chronological age and sex with twenty non-retarded children using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. All 60 subjects were given an 89-item Fear Survey Schedule with a three-point rating scale. Mildly retarded adults were more fearful in general and showed a more intense level of fear than their chronological age matched controls. However, they reported less overall fear than their mental age matched controls. Differences in type of feared objects or situations were reported between groups. The importance of understanding the degree and types of fear in promoting de institutionalization in the retarded is stressed. PMID- 7276186 TI - Behavioral approaches to smoking cessation--I. A decade of research progress 1969 79. AB - This article describes a topical bibliography presented in the subsequent article in this journal, covering the past decade of research into behavioral approaches to smoking cessation. Using multiple searches including Psychological Abstracts, over 300 references were compiled from over 50 psychology, medicine, and related behavioral science journals. All references were comprehensively coded to each of 28 topical areas of interest to behavioral researchers and clinicians. Topics include specific behavioral smoking cessation techniques (e.g. aversive smoking, relaxation techniques, stimulus control), treatment problems (e.g. maintenance problems and procedures, treatment "side-effects") and important research issues (e.g. predictors of treatment success, physiological correlates of smoking behavior, therapist and treatment factors influencing outcome. An index defining each topic and listing by number all articles related to each topic is included with the bibliography. With this index, users with specialized interests can quickly locate all citations concerning a particular topic or combination of topics, Directions for using the bibliography are given along with guidelines for extending and adopting it for personal use. PMID- 7276188 TI - Automatic detection and modification of aberrant behaviors: two case studies. AB - This report demonstrates the effectiveness of two automatic cueing devices in the detection and subsequent modification of postural abnormality and rectal digging. Without their use a viable treatment plan would not have been possible. PMID- 7276187 TI - An operant reinforcement method of treating depression. AB - A method of treating depression based on an operant reinforcement perspective was evaluated with 29 depressed persons. The procedure included increased reinforcer utilization, behavioral contrast, overcorrection, reinforcer sampling and stimulus control by positive events. Also, training was given in skills related to the cause of the depression such as communication, job-finding, marital and study skills. A behavioral measure of individual goal attainment was taken in addition to three common subjective measures. Improvement occurred after the first two sessions, increased with successive sessions, and was maintained at follow-up with a mean of 87% goal attainment and a 78% reduction of self-rated unhappiness. The degree and speed of improvement on the behavioral, as well as subjective, measures seemed at least as great as obtained by previous cognitive or behavioral programs. PMID- 7276189 TI - The treatment of adult obesity through direct manipulation of specific eating behaviors. AB - The present study investigated the effects of three different conditions on weight loss in adult obese subjects. The three conditions were: (1) Monitoring Contract (MC) in which subjects were reinforced by the return of a valued possession for changes in eating habits; (2) Monitoring (M); and Attention Placebo (AP). Subjects in the MC group lost significantly more absolute weight and a significantly greater percentage of weight at the end of treatment than did the subjects in the M and AP groups. These changes were still manifested at a 2 month and a 6 month follow-up. The long-term advantages of a weight reduction program which focuses on a gradual and systematic weight loss through changes in eating habits are discussed. PMID- 7276190 TI - Self-control program in the treatment of obesity. AB - In a pilot study utilizing self-control techniques for the purpose of modifying the cue-reactive eating habits of obese patients, three subjects maintained a continuous weight loss throughout the first year of treatment. Techniques included goal setting, self-monitoring, brief delay and self-confrontation prior to eating unauthorized food and direct observation of oneself in a mirror when eating unauthorized food. All patients are expected to remain in treatment for the foreseeable future with no termination of the program despite apparent success with regard to control of their feeding disturbance. The rationale for this approach is discussed. PMID- 7276192 TI - Collagen vascular disease: can behavior therapy help? AB - This study examined the efficacy of a simple autogenic and biofeedback treatment package in the management of Raynaud's Phenomenon secondary to diagnosed collagen vascular disease. The patient, diagnosed as suffering from mixed connective tissue disease, had an average of 6.3 vasospastic attacks per day during a 2 week baseline period. The frequency of daily attacks dropped to 4.2 after 10 weeks and 2.5 attacks after 1 yr of training. In addition, the patient displayed a gradual improvement in the ability to maintain digital skin temperature in the presence of ambient cold stress. PMID- 7276191 TI - Paradoxical instruction in the treatment of encopresis and chronic constipation: an experimental analysis. AB - The purpose of the present single-case experimental investigation was to examine the efficacy of paradoxical instruction in the treatment of exacerbation-based discontinuous encopresis and chronic constipation. The subject, a 9-yr old male, complained of infrequent bowel movements and daily soiling. In addition, toileting and related activities appeared to cause considerable anxiety. An ABAB reversal design with 1-yr follow-up was used as a means of evaluating treatment effectiveness. Dependent measures included weekly parental records of soiling and appropriate bowel movements. Results indicated a clear demonstration of functional control and consistent improvement in the encopretic disturbance. These findings were maintained at 1-yr follow-up. PMID- 7276193 TI - Comment to Singh and Oberhummer. PMID- 7276194 TI - Long-term effects of prefrontal leucotomy--an overview of neuropsychologic residuals. AB - A battery of neuropsychologic tests was administered to 16 schizophrenics who had undergone prefrontal leucotomy approximately 25 years earlier. The 16 were divided into three groups based on their recovery after surgery. Five non leucotomized chronic schizophrenics and five normal subjects served as controls. This paper presents a description of the subject population, a listing of the neuropsychologic battery administered, as well as main results from each major psychologic function tested. This information serves as an introduction and an overview for later detailed results. PMID- 7276195 TI - Normative observations on neuropsychological test performances in old age. AB - As part of a study of dementia, 162 normal volunteers in the age range of 65-84 years were given a battery of nine neuropsychological tests assessing temporal orientation, short-term memory, language functions, and visuoperceptive capacity. When compared to subjects less than 65 years of age, the groups showed little evidence of generalized decline in cognitive function before the age of 80 years. The 80-84 years subgroup showed a higher overall failure rate on the tests than the younger subgroups. Nevertheless, 70% of all subjects in the 80-84 years subgroup made no more than one failure on the nine tests. There were substantial differences among the tests in respect to their sensitivity to the effects of aging. The largest decline in performance was shown on tests of short-term visual memory, serial digit learning, and facial recognition. The other verbal, memory, and visuoperceptive tests were performed well up to the age of 80 years. The findings are interpreted as providing limited support for the hypothesis that normal aging does not necessarily involve a general decline in level of cognitive functioning. The clinical application of the tests that were sensitive or insensitive to the effects of aging is considered. PMID- 7276196 TI - Neuropsychological correlates of localized cerebral lesions in non-aphasic brain damaged patients. AB - A neuropsychological test battery made up of verbal, visual-spatial, and intelligence tests was administered to 82 right and 67 on-aphasic left brain damaged patients with localized cerebral lesions, in order to draw impairment profiles of the various subgroups. Separate analyses were undertaken on patients with unilobar and multilobar lesions. As for hemisphere effects, LH patients performed worse than RH subjects on verbal tests, while the reverse was true for visual-spatial tasks. As for lobe effects, patients with frontal lobe damage fared worse than other subgroups on word fluency, independent of the side of the lesion. RH patients with multilobar posterior lesions were significantly more impaired than other RH subgroups on the test of Copying Drawings with Landmarks, probably owing to the detrimental effect of unilateral spatial neglect on tasks requiring an accurate visual-spatial analysis. PMID- 7276197 TI - Does the right hemisphere age more rapidly than the left? AB - It has been hypothesized that the right hemisphere ages more rapidly than the left, but there have been no direct empirical studies aimed at confirmation of that hypothesis. Within the framework of a cross-sectional design, 1,247 subjects, divided into six age groups (20's-70's), were tested with a modified Halstead-Reitan battery. The test scores were analyzed with the Russell, Neuringer, and Goldstein localization key, with each case being evaluated for number of right- and left-hemisphere points. It was found that there was a significant increase in right-hemisphere points with age, with a significant, but less pronounced, effect for left-hemisphere points. The same effect was found in a subsample of nonbrain-damaged medical and psychiatric patients. It was also established on the basis of neurological diagnostic evidence that there was not a coincidental increase in structural lateralized brain damage with age in the present sample. The results were discussed in terms of possible differences in functional organization of the two hemispheres, the general conclusion being that the right hemisphere ages in a different manner than does the left. PMID- 7276198 TI - Neuropsychology and cluster analysis: potentials and problems. AB - This report presents a selective overview of the cluster analysis literature and its potential uses in neuropsychology. In addition, an actual problem involving data from the Florida Longitudinal Project is presented to provide a practical example of many of the processes and problems involved in cluster analytic techniques. It is hoped that the reader will gain a theoretical and practical understanding of such methods and their potential usefulness in neuropsychology and other related areas. PMID- 7276201 TI - Training the short- and long-term verbal recall of a postencephalitic amnesic. AB - After encephalitis, a professor showed gross deficits in remembering new information. Both short- and long-term recall, as measured by free recall of word lists, were affected. Memory-training tasks directed at each of these two components were introduced according to a multiple-baseline experimental design. Each recall component increased only when corresponding training began. PMID- 7276200 TI - A comparison of clinical and automated interpretation of the Halstead-Reitan Battery. AB - The diagnostic accuracy of two clinicians was compared with that of the Russell, Neuringer, and Goldstein (1970) quasi-actuarial system for interpreting the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB). The clinicians' independent ratings of HRB data were highly reliable, and were more accurate than the automated system in predicting the presence and laterality of structural cerebral lesions. Comparisons of the subgroups correctly and incorrectly classified by the clinicians suggest some intrinsic limitations of the test data in predicting lesion presence, and especially laterality. Classification accuracy was related to etiology of lesions, and also to extent and location of focal lesions. Neither the clinicians nor the automated system exceeded base-rate predictions regarding chronicity, but this may have been due to sampling bias in the acute group. Although the clinicians' superiority in two of the three prediction tasks may be due to their greater flexibility in weighting complex and unique patterns of test data, it remains to be seen whether this potential advantage will hold up against more sophisticated actuarial methods. PMID- 7276199 TI - A prospective study of children with head injuries: IV. Specific cognitive deficits. AB - Twenty-five children with a head injury resulting in a posttraumatic amnesia of at least one week were compared with an individually matched group of 25 children with orthopedic injuries. Both groups were studied a few weeks after the accident and the again at 4 months, 1 year and 21/4 years after the injury. The head injury group showed a persistent deficit on the WISC Performance IQ scale; the deficit on the Verbal IQ scale was more transient. An extensive battery of neuropsychological tests was employed to identify specific deficits not shown on the WISC. On the whole, these tests showed a pattern of results similar to that found with the WISC, and in most cases children without deficits on the Performance IQ scale of the WISC also did not show deficits on the battery of specific tests. However, in a few cases, tests of speed of visuo-motor or visuo spatial functioning picked up deficits attributable to the head injury which occurred in children with normal scores on the WISC. PMID- 7276202 TI - Effects of hemisphere-specific stimulation on the reading performance of dyslexic boys: a pilot study. PMID- 7276203 TI - Vertical reading: a new method of therapy for reading disturbances in aphasics. PMID- 7276204 TI - WAIS practice effects in clinical neuropsychology. AB - A recent review (Matarazzo, Carmody, & Jacobs, 1980) has focused attention on the issue of WAIS practice effects in clinical practice. Available literature suggests that WAIS practice effects in may samples of patients with neuropsychological dysfunction are minimal. Data relevant to this hypothesis are reviewed. Practical guidelines for the interpretation of test-retest changes on the WAIS in neuropsychological assessment are proposed, and the importance of considering the impact of WAIS practice effects in neuropsychological research is addressed. PMID- 7276205 TI - Histological study of the effects of three anti-inflammatory preparations on the gastric mucosa. AB - Patients with osteoarthritis were entered into a single-blind trial comparing the effects on the gastric mucosa of a four week course of indomethacin, sulindac and a compound of paracetamol and dextropropoxyphene (Distalgesic). The presence and severity of both acute and chronic gastritis were assessed by histological examination of endoscopic biopsy specimens taken from five standard sites in th stomach of each patient before and at the end of the four week period. The presence and severity of chronic gastritis was not affected by the treatment in any of the groups. The pattern of acute gastritis was complex, many of the patients having acute inflammatory changes in their initial biopsy specimens. At least one patient in each treatment group developed marked acute gastritis during the treatment period, but a significant overall increase in the severity of these changes was only found in the group treated with sulindac. PMID- 7276206 TI - Mucin histochemistry of the columnar epithelium of the oesophagus: a retrospective study. AB - Reflux oesophagitis may be accompanied by replacement of squamous epithelium by columnar epithelium (Barrett's oesophagus). The columnar epithelium may resemble either gastric or intestinal mucosa, though ultrastructural and histochemical studies indicate that the intestinal type does not necessarily resemble normal small intestine. Twenty-two malignant and 10 benign oesophageal specimens were examined histologically and by mucin histochemistry in an attempt to classify the various types of columnar epithelium. An incompletely differentiated variant of intestinal metaplasia secreting sulphomucins was associated with well but not poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (p less than 0.02; Fisher's exact test). Similar findings have been described in the stomach and incomplete intestinal metaplasia may be related to disorders of growth and differentiation described in other sites such as the colon. These observations may help in the interpretation of oesophageal biopsies, possibly permitting identification of patients at risk of developing oesophageal adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7276208 TI - Cerebral malakoplakia. AB - A case of cerebral malakoplakia is described in an 18-year-old woman who died as the consequence of a postpartum stroke. The malakoplakic lesion occurred in areas of cerebral infarction. The features of this unique case are compared with the small number of previously reported cases of cerebral malakoplakia which occurred in much younger patients and against a background of herpes simplex infection. PMID- 7276207 TI - Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Dubai: histopathological studies. AB - Necropsies were carried out on two patients who died of Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever (C-CHF) in Dubai. The diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of C-CHF virus from the liver. Histopathological changes included extensive cellular necrosis and haemorrhage in the liver, necrosis and lymphoid depletion in the spleen, congestion and oedema formation in the lungs, and haemorrhage in a number of other organs. PMID- 7276209 TI - Comparison of liquid and dried sodium citrate as the anticoagulant for Thrombotest and prothrombin time estimations. AB - Samples which are taken for the Quick one-stage prothrombin time estimation for the control of patients receiving oral anticoagulant treatment are by convention taken into liquid sodium citrate anticoagulant. Dried sodium citrate has been rejected on the grounds that excessive haemolysis causes activation of clotting factors and therefore falsely short clotting times. Tests were performed with both liquid and dried sodium citrate as an anticoagulant for prothrombin time and Thrombotest. No clinically significant difference between the values given by the two anticoagulants was observed. PMID- 7276210 TI - Assay of serum immunoreactive trypsin in dried blood spots and the early detection of cystic fibrosis. AB - Immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) content in blood spots from 17 cystic fibrosis (CF) children born between 1975-80 were assayed with reagents from two commercial radioimmunoassay kits. The manufacturers' procedures were modified to allow assay of blood spot IRT. Half of the CF samples had a significantly raised IRT content compared to normal blood spots. Of the blood spots from five children whose meconium screening gave negative results, three or five (depending on the kit used) had a raised IRT content. On the other hand, less than 50% of children initially detected by meconium screening had raised blood spot IRT values. In our hands, analysis of blood spots for IRT does not consistently identify the newborn with CF and offers no advantage over other screening methods. PMID- 7276211 TI - Satisfactory screening for cystic fibrosis with the BM meconium procedure. AB - The Boehringer Mannheim test (BM test) for cystic fibrosis has been applied to 15 734 neonates. A positive result occurred in 130, seven of whom were subsequently shown to have the disease. To our knowledge no cases have been missed. Tests have been performed centrally by experienced laboratory staff and the false-positive rate of 0.83% is considered acceptable. It is important to follow up weak as well as strongly positive reactions to the BM test strip. PMID- 7276212 TI - In situ cytoenzymatic identification of human bone marrow colonies grown in agar: a simple method with automated cytochemistry reagents. PMID- 7276213 TI - Whole blood filtration. PMID- 7276214 TI - Megakaryocytes in serous effusions. PMID- 7276215 TI - Evacuated tubes for monitoring heparin treatment. PMID- 7276217 TI - Presence of immune complex-like material in sera of patients with paraproteinaemia. AB - Immunoglobulins of all classes as well as C3 are phagocytosed by normal human granulocytes from sera containing paraproteins. The material that was phagocytosed had the sedimentation properties of immune complexes. Cytostatic treatment did not seem to have a clearcut influence on the presence or absence of these complexes. There was little correlation with two other immune complex detecting tests. The Clq binding test was frequently found positive in paraproteinaemic sera but without apparent correlation to IgG phagocytosis. On the other hand the conglutinin binding test was rarely positive, although C3 was frequently phagocytosed. PMID- 7276218 TI - Antimicrobial activity of silicone rubber used in hydrocephalus shunts, after impregnation with antimicrobial substances. AB - Colonisation of cerebrospinal fluid shunts by coagulate-negative staphylococci (Staphylococcus albus) is a serious problem. Because of its possible role in prevention of the condition, the antimicrobial activity of silicone rubber after impregnation with antimicrobial drugs was studied. The method of impregnation used and test methods were found to be important. Formaldehyde-urea condensates gave no activity. Gentamicin sulphate gave activity which was short-lived. Sodium and diethanolamine fusidates and clindamycin hydrochloride gave prolonged activity. A method of impregnation was developed which could be applied to commercially available shunts before use. PMID- 7276216 TI - Serological markers of hepatitis B in patients with alcoholic liver disease: a multi-centre survey. AB - In a study of 195 patients derived from five centres in northern Britain and with histologically confirmed alcoholic liver disease we have found an increased prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B. This increased prevalence was found in each of the five centres; the overall frequency ranged from 11% sero positivity in fatty liver, 12% in alcoholic hepatitis and 27% in cirrhosis. PMID- 7276220 TI - Accidental transplantation of tumour cells. PMID- 7276219 TI - Oral anticoagulation and antithrombin III. PMID- 7276221 TI - Serum urate concentrations in homozygous sickle cell disease. AB - Serum and urinary urate concentrations were studied in 44 patients with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease, and in 27 controls with normal haemoglobin. Hyperuricaemia (>0.39 mmol/l (6.5 mg/100 ml)) occurred in 41% of SS patients and inversely correlated with renal urate clearance but not with indices of bone marrow turnover. Higher serum urate concentrations occurred in patients with proteinuria, probably due to associated tubular damage. Higher serum urate concentrations and lower urate clearance occurred in males compared to females. PMID- 7276222 TI - Serum immunoreactive trypsin in beta-thalassaemia major. AB - To assess the exocrine pancreatic function in beta-thalassemia major with iron overload, serum immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) was measured in 38 patients with this condition. In 23 (60%) patients' IRT was abnormal: it was subnormal in 16 patients and supranormal in seven. Whereas subnormal IRT concentrations were more frequent in patients of more than 12 years old, supranormal IRT concentrations were more frequent in younger patients. These data provide the first antemortem evidence of exocrine pancreatic damage in this condition. They also suggest that this acinar cell damage is initially associated with a rise in IRT which is followed by a fall in the serum concentration of this enzyme. PMID- 7276223 TI - Comparative studies of a new commercial kit for the estimation of vitamin B12 in serum. AB - A commercial kit method (Technia Diagnostics) for the estimation of serum vitamin B12 claiming certain practical advantages was examined. Analytical and clinical performance were compared with a non-commercial radioisotope B12 method, previously compared to other commercial radioisotope B12 methods. The kit's analytical performance in our hands was satisfactory, although the within-batch precision and recovery of added cyanocobalamin were disappointing. Clinical performance was comparable with the non-commercial B12 method. Establishment of suitable reference ranges as a prerequisite to diagnostic use is apparent. PMID- 7276224 TI - Concentration of plasminogen and antiplasmin in plasma and serum. AB - The concentrations of plasminogen and fast-acting antiplasmin were measured in 65 normal plasmas and matched sera. Concentrations were decreased in serum by 38% for plasminogen and 32% for fast-acting antiplasmin. The decrease in plasminogen level was due to both adsorption of plasminogen to fibrin and reaction with antiplasmin. PMID- 7276225 TI - Fibre type changes in striated muscle of alcoholics. AB - Striated muscle from patients taking more than 80 g of alcohol each day shows selective atrophy of the type II fibres which are dependent on glycogenolytic pathways. This atrophy is associated with an excess of glycogen and lipid within the fibres and may represent a selective metabolic insult. PMID- 7276226 TI - Lung scar cancer--a reappraisal. AB - A retrospective clinicopathological study of 100 necropsy cases of lung carcinoma revealed three scar cancers. The scarring in a further 11 probably occurred secondary to the tumour. The premise that lung scars initiate malignancy is questioned. PMID- 7276227 TI - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of oral diltiazem in normal volunteers. AB - Oral diltiazem is being used increasingly in the treatment of Prinzmetal's angina. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics, electrocardiographic effects, and blood pressure responses of normal male volunteers to various single oral doses of diltiazem. Doses selected were 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg. Thirteen subjects received 30 mg. 12 subjects received 60 mg, 10 subjects received 90 mg diltiazem, and four subjects received 120 mg diltiazem AUCs for the 60, 90, and 120 mg doses were 565, 984, and 1258 ng/ml . hr, respectively. The values for t1/2, beta, and tmax were similar after each dosing. PMID- 7276228 TI - Comparison of the effects of dopamine, hydralazine, and isosorbide dinitrate on myocardial hemodynamics in patients with refractory heart failure. AB - Nine patients with refractory congestive heart failure underwent hemodynamic study first with dopamine and then with oral hydralazine and sublingual isosorbide dinitrate. Although hemodynamic improvement was achieved with both forms of therapy, the beneficial effects of hydralazine alone or with isosorbide were superior to those of dopamine, as manifested by a greater reduction of wedge pressure and greater increase in stroke index. Six patients who demonstrated an increased wedge pressure during dopamine infusion were observed to manifest a louder apical systolic murmur and/or V wave in the wedge pressure tracing suggestive of enhanced mitral regurgitation. The rise in wedge pressure on dopamine could also be a consequence of increased myocardial ischemia and resultant decrease in ventricular compliance. It is possible that a subgroup of patients with heart failure are made worse by dopamine, and in these cases vasodilator therapy may be more beneficial. PMID- 7276229 TI - Comparison of molindone and tranylcypromine in the treatment of refractory depression. AB - A single-blind parallel study of 20 treatment-resistant hospitalized depressed patients showed that 10-30 mg/day molindone was more effective and less toxic than 20-30 mg tranylcypromine. Molindone-treated patients responded during the first week with particular improvement in anxiety symptoms and agitation. Extrapyramidal symptoms developed in half of the patients on molindone, which were effectively managed with amantadine. Early termination from the study because of clinical worsening or side effects occurred in seven patients on tranylcypromine and in none on molindone. These results suggest that molindone in low dosage may be helpful in the management of refractory depression and may have the further advantage of producing a more rapid response to treatment with fewer disabling side effects. PMID- 7276230 TI - Drug-induced liver disease. PMID- 7276231 TI - Neuronal plasticity in the deafferented hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of adult female rats and its enhancement by treatment with estrogen. AB - The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARCN) was examined ultrastructurally 3 or 21 days after complete deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) in ovariectomized adult female rats. Axodendritic shaft (SHS) and spine synapses (SPS) were counted in a field of 18,000 mu m2 in the middle part of the ARCN in each brain. The mean numbers of SHS and SPS at 3 or 21 days after deafferentation were reduced to about half of those in intact control animals. When the ARCNs of the ovariectomized MBH-island rats were examined 3 days after treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB, 2 mu g/day), the numbers of SHS and SPS did not differ from those in ovariectomized MBH-island rats without EB treatment. However, EB treatment for 21 days produced a marked increase in the number of both SHS and SPS in the ovariectomized MBH-island females, with the number of SHS in these females being restored to almost 75% of the intact level; the incidence of SPS was also significantly greater than that in the intact control animals. In these EB-treated, ovariectomized MBH-island rats, double synapses (spine-spine and spine-shaft double synapses) were frequently observed. In ovariectomized females without MBH deafferentation, however, estrogen failed to increase the numbers of SHS, SPS, and double synapses, which were almost comparable to those in intact and ovariectomized controls. These results suggest that estrogen has a facilitatory effect on SHS and SPS formation in the deafferented ARCN, presumably stimulating not only axonal sprouting but also dendritic spine formation by intact arcuate neurons in the MBH island. PMID- 7276234 TI - Ultrastructural changes in olfactory receptor neurons following olfactory nerve section. AB - Unilateral olfactory nerve section was performed in the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. An ultrastructural study was performed to investigate the changes occurring during degeneration and replacement of the mature olfactory receptor neurons. Experimental and contralateral control tissues were examined following postoperative survival periods ranging from 12 hours to 90 days. Normal bipolar receptor neurons have a fusiform cell body containing a thin rim of cytoplasm and an ovoid nucleus with a characteristic "checkerboard" chromatin pattern. A single apical dendrite projects to the surface of the epithelium, where numerous cilia extend from its apex into the overlying mucus. A single, unmyelinated, unbranching axon originates at the basal pole of the cell. After nerve section, retrograde degeneration of the mature neurons occurs. Early degenerative changes include pronounced condensation of the nuclear chromatin, increased number of nuclear membrane infoldings, and dilation of the space between the membranes of the nuclear envelope. At a later stage, the cytoplasm of the cell increases in volume and its organelle systems break down, resulting in accumulation of various forms of cell inclusions. Subsequently, proliferation of cells in the basal region of the epithelium occurs. Between 3 week and 2 months following nerve section, these cells differentiate into mature neurons. By 3 months, neurons within the epithelium have resumed their normal ultrastructure. Correlation of the time course of the ultrastructural changes with previously reported neurophysiological studies indicates that neuronal activity of the epithelium is dependent upon the presence of fully differentiated olfactory receptor neurons. PMID- 7276233 TI - Cerebellothalamic projections in the rat: an autoradiographic and degeneration study. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the topographical organization of cerebellothalamic projections in the rat. Following stereotaxic injections of 3H leucine or electrolytic lesions in the cerebellar nuclei, efferent fibers were observed to emerge from the cerebellum through two discrete routes. Fibers from the fastigial nucleus decussated within the cerebellum, formed the crossed ascending limb of the uncinate fasciculus, ascended in the dorsal part of the midbrain tegmentum, and entered the thalamus. Cerebellothalamic fibers from the interpositus and dentate nuclei coursed in the ipsilateral brachium conjunctivum, decussated in the caudal midbrain, and ascended to the thalamus via the crossed ascending limb of the brachium conjunctivum. Cerebellar terminations were observed in the intralaminar, lateral, and ventral tier thalamic nuclei as well as in the medial dorsal nucleus. Projections to the intralaminar nuclei were more pronounced from the dentate and posterior interpositus than from the anterior interpositus and fastigial nuclei. The lateral thalamic nuclei received a projection from the dentate and posterior interpositus nuclei while the fastigial nucleus projected to the medial dorsal nucleus. Within the rostral ventral tier nuclei fastigiothalamic terminations were localized in the medial parts of the ventral medial and ventral lateral nuclei, whereas dentatothalamic projections were concentrated in the lateral parts of the ventral medial nucleus and the medial half of the ventral lateral nucleus. Terminations from the posterior interpositus nucleus were observed ventrally and laterally within the caudal two thirds of the ventral medial nucleus and throughout the ventral lateral nucleus, where they were densest in the lateral part of its lateral wing and within the central part of its cap. The anterior interpositus nucleus also projected to the central and lateral parts of the ventral lateral nucleus, but these terminations were considerably less dense than those from the posterior interpositus. A few fibers from the interpositus nuclei terminated in the medial part of the rostral pole of the ventral posterior nucleus. A prominent recrossing of cerebellothalamic fibers from the fastigial, posterior interpositus, and dentate nuclei occurred through the central medial nucleus of the internal medullary lamina. These terminated within the ipsilateral ventral lateral and intralaminar nuclei. These results show that each of the cerebellar nuclei project to the thalamus and that their terminations are topographically organized in the rostral ventral tier nuclei. The clustering of autoradiographic silver grains or terminal degeneration observed in the thalamic nuclei suggests a medial-to-lateral organization of this cerebellothalamic system. PMID- 7276232 TI - The ratio of preganglionic axons to postganglionic cells in the sympathetic nervous system of the rat. AB - Previously reported preganglionic-postganglionic ratios for the sympathetic system are a major part of the evidence for the widely accepted idea that the sympathetic innervation of the viscera is diffuse. Unfortunately, the previous reports did not assess the non-preganglionic fibers in the nerves examined, and the limitations of light microscopy precluded accurate unmyelinated fiber counts. Thus, a recalculation of these ratios is necessary. The present study recalculates these ratios for the cervical sympathetic system of the rat. All fiber counts are done with the electron microscope which has the resolution necessary for accurately determining axon numbers. Selective surgical procedures establish that 84% of the axons in the cervical sympathetic trunk are preganglionic, 11% are postganglionic, and 5% are sensory. Thus, the numbers of preganglionic fibers can now be accurately assessed and compared to the number of postganglionic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion. When this is done, a preganglionic/postganglionic ratio of approximately 1:4 is obtained. This ratio differs considerably from those previously published. PMID- 7276235 TI - Viscerotopic localization of preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of origin of the anterior and posterior subdiaphragmatic vagus nerves. AB - Utilizing the retrograde HRP transport method, fibers from anterior and posterior subdiaphragmatic branches of the vagus nerve in the rat were traced to their cells of origin in the brainstem. Efferents to the gut supplied by the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerves derive from cell bodies organized in a viscerotopic, spindle-shaped longitudinal cell column throughout the longitudinal extent of the classically described dorsal nucleus of the vagus (DNV) and in regions of nucleus commissuralis (NC), caudal to the DNV. This entire longitudinal group of cells is called the DNV cell column. In the caudal one third of the DNV cell column, the cell bodies were found in the midline and paramedian posterior portion of the NC, and in the anterior portion of the caudal DNV, in a horizontally oriented cluster of cells when viewed in cross section. In the middle one third of the DNV cell column, the cell bodies moved laterally, but still maintained their anterior position in the nucleus. In the rostral one third of the cell column, the cell bodies were located at the lateral margin of the DNV. A few scattered cell bodies extended caudally from the DNV cell column into the dorsal region of lamina X of spinal cord, and reached as far caudal as the C5 C6 segments. The anterior subdiaphragmatic branch of the vagus contained axons whose cell bodies were mainly but not exclusively located in the ipsilateral (left) side of the medulla, while the posterior subdiaphragmatic branch of the vagus contained axons whose cell bodies were found bilaterally in the medulla, with a majority (approx. 60%) located on the ipsilateral (right) side, and approximately 40% located on the contralateral (left) side. PMID- 7276236 TI - The structural organization of the ventral posterolateral nucleus in the rat. AB - The structural plan of the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VLP) in the rat was analyzed by using a variety of techniques to study the pattern of distribution of the ascending afferent fibers and the synaptology of the neuropil within this somatosensory relay nucleus. Golgi stains, Fink-Heimer methods, HRP labeling methods, and electron microscopy were all used in the analysis. The neurons in VPL are aligned in rostrocaudal and dorsoventral rows that are roughly parallel to the curvature of the external medullary lamina (EML) and curve partially around the rostral pole of the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM). Golgi impregnated sections reveal that the dendritic trees of the VPL neurons conform in general to the laminar pattern of VPL. Thick proximal dendrites extend about 25 mu m from the cell bodies. Most proximal dendrites are aligned with the laminae of VPL but the distal dendrites spread over many laminae within VPL. The inputs from the dorsal column nuclei (DCN) end only on proximal dendrites as large, round-vesicle terminals. About 20--25% of the small round-vesicle terminals originate in the cerebral cortex and synapse only on the distal dendrites. The third type of synapse contains many flattened vesicles and is of unknown origin. No serial synapses or vesicle-containing dendrites were observed. Input from the spinal cord projects to two segregated zones which are transitional between the ventral lateral nucleus (VL) and VPL rostrally and between the posterior thalamic complex (PO) and VPL caudally. Each transition zone contains neurons characteristic of both VPL and the adjacent region. Ascending afferent projections were demonstrated by the antegrade transport of HRP following injections into the ventral mesencephalon and by Fink-Heimer stains of degeneration resulting from small lesions of the DCN. Both methods indicate that large-caliber axons course parallel to each other and give off collaterals that diverge to widespread areas of the VPL. The widespread terminal fields that result do not conform to the laminar pattern of the nucleus. Small punctate lesions of DCN result in sparse degeneration that is also widespread in VPL. Structures which appear to be clusters of terminal arborizations of the ascending afferent input were also observed in VPL. These results suggest that somatotopy and modality separation in VPL may be determined either by intrinsic and/or corticothalamic morphological relationships and not by precise topographical ordering of sensory input. PMID- 7276237 TI - Population magnitudes and distribution of the major modal classes of cat retinal ganglion cell as estimated from HRP filling and a systematic survey of the soma diameter spectra for classical neurones. AB - A survey of diameter spectra in presented for classic neurones of the cat retinal ganglion cell layer. From these, with the aid of retrograde HRP filling for central retina, a set of density distribution maps has been prepared for each of the major modes of the neuronal diameter spectrum. The total population of classical neurones, the presumed ganglion cells of Hughes ('75), confirms published values with a minimum of some 207,000 comprised 5,600 cells in the alpha mode, 80,700 cells in the beta mode, and 120,700 cells in the gamma mode. A proportion of classical neurones in the gamma mode do not fill by retrograde transport of HRP from either optic nerve or superior colliculus. Their morphology is characteristic and includes a conspicuous basophilic nuclear bar or fold; they remain subsequent to ganglion cell retrograde degeneration and resemble some profiles of the amacrine layer. It is presumed that they represent a class of displaced amacrine cells. Estimates based on ganglion cell identification by HRP filling indicate populations of about 80,000 cells in both the gamma and the beta modes and a total count of about 170,000 ganglion cells; a good agreement with Hughes and Wassle's ('76) optic nerve fibre count, but lower than the classic neurone count. It is concluded that the distribution maps for ganglion cells in each of the three modes of the soma diameter spectra are similar in form and resemble that of the total neurone density map. The ganglion cell population of the gamma mode in the visual streak is not found to increase in proportion relative to that of the beta mode, as has been reported elsewhere. PMID- 7276239 TI - An ultrastructural examination of early ventral root formation in amphibia. AB - The morphology of early interactions between neural tube and myotome in the amphibian embryo and tail regenerate was examined using the electron microscope. Two types of contacts were observed. At the most primitive level where the myotome was yet unsegmented, multiple adhesive-type contacts linked neural tube and myotome. In newly segmented areas early ventral roots were recognizable as small bundles of one to five axons extending the short distance to the myotome. There was only one bundle per segment and in addition to axons, each bundle always contained one or more primitive glial cell processes which accompanied axons as they left the cord. At points of root exit primitive glial processes appeared to funnel axons into the root. The cytoarchitecture of the cord and the new roots suggested that the primitive glia may play a role in pathfinding for motor axons as they leave the cord and extend toward their targets. PMID- 7276238 TI - A correlative HRP, Golgi, and EM study of the intrinsic organization of the feline dorsal column nuclei. PMID- 7276241 TI - Regeneration of taste buds after reinnervation of a denervated tongue papilla by a normally nongustatory nerve. AB - Taste buds degenerate and disappear after transection of their sensory nerve supply, and they differentiate anew from epithelial cells (e.g., lingual) following regeneration of sensory but not motor or autonomic axons. A controversy exists as to whether only gustatory sensory nerves can cause buds to reform or whether any sensory nerve can perform this function. This issue arose because the results of cross-innervation studies revealed a specificity whereas grafting data demonstrated a nonspecificity. A retest of specificity in the cross-reinnervation situation was performed by reinnervating the denervated vallate papilla of adult rat tongue with a sensory branch of the vagus nerve that is not normally gustatory. It was found that taste buds disappeared and remained lost from acutely and chronically denervated papilla. However, some buds were found 90-100 days after reinnervation by the normally nongustatory vagus nerve branch. Transection of the regenerated vagus nerve resulted in the loss of innervation and the degeneration of taste buds from reinnervated papilla indicating that this nerve had supported buds. These results show that a normally nongustatory nerve can induce the formation of taste buds after its axons grow into appropriate tissue. It appears that the ability to support taste buds is a nonspecific, rather than a specific, property of sensory nerve. PMID- 7276242 TI - Development of axosomatic synapses of the Xenopus spinal cord with special reference to subsurface cisterns and C-type synapses. AB - The relationships of highly flattened subsurface cisterns (SCCs) were investigated electron microscopically in the spinal cord at various developmental stages of tadpoles and adult toads, Xenopus laevis. In medial ventral motor cells (MVCs) of the adult, more than 90% of 156 SSCs examined were situated postsynaptically. Similarly, more than 90% of 540 SSCs in lateral motor column cells (LMCs) were postsynaptic. By contrast, in early developmental stages, the SSCs were initially formed by regional flattening of cisterns of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum just beneath the cell surfaces opposite to glial processes. Then, the glial processes were displaced by nerve endings with an elongated bouton, and thus the C-type synapses were formed. The ratio of postsynaptic SSCs to the total SSCs reached the adult level at around Stage 60. This finding suggests that the SSCs in the MVCs and LMCs draw a certain type of nerve ending to form C-type synapses. Such a mechanism is totally lacking in the dorsal and lateral small nerve cells, since the SSCs in these cells were always situated under the surface opposite to glial processes throughout the developmental stages and in the adult. In mature C-type synapses, an aggregate of synaptic vesicles and a structural specialization of presynaptic membrane occurred only at the region where the postsynaptic membrane was associated with the SSC. The postsynaptic membrane itself of the C-type synapse showed no marked structural specialization at any stage of development or in the adult. The postsynaptic SSC In the mature C-type synapse seems to be involved in some way in the reception of synaptic transmission. PMID- 7276240 TI - Freeze-fracture study of photoreceptor outer segments and pigment epithelium in dystrophic and normal retinas. AB - The intramembrane organization of outer segment (OS) membranes and pigment epithelial (PE) microvilli has been studied in rats (10-17 postnatal days) with inherited retinal degeneration (RCS) and in normal retinas from genetically controlled rats (RCS-rdy+). The OS plasma membranes of both dystrophic and normal retinas are characterized by large particles surrounding circular, particle-free zones on the P-faces (cytoplasmic leaflets) and a sparse distribution of particles on the E-faces (external leaflets). No regional differences in particle distribution are observed in either basal or distal plasma membrane regions. Outer segment disc membranes are characterized by large, densely packed P-face particles and ridged E-faces with very few particles. Small, particle-free patches of membrane are present in the basal disc P-faces of both normal and dystrophic retinas, which Andrews and Cohen ("79) have described as characteristic of newly added disc membrane. In dystrophic retinas, larger, particle-free domains are observed in the distal disc membranes (P-faces) and accumulating membranous debris. In older retinas, which have accumulated more debris, the particle-free domains occupy vast areas of the membrane faces and it is not possible to identify these membranes as belonging to either discs of plasma membranes. No comparable areas of particle-free membrane are observed in the distal discs and OS plasma membranes of normal retinas. Pigment epithelial microvillus membranes are characterized by an intermixture of large and medium sized particles surrounding irregular particle-free areas, but no differences between normal and dystrophic PE membranes are observed. The changes in particle distribution observed in the dystrophic retinas suggests that the intramembrane molecular composition of older disc membranes has become altered or rearranged as the OS membranes accumulate as debris. PMID- 7276243 TI - Postnatal modifications of the dendritic tree of cells in the inferior colliculus of the cat. A quantitative Golgi analysis. AB - Postnatal modifications of dendrites have been quantitatively studied by network analysis of the dendritic tree in the two central nuclei of the inferior colliculus in the cat. This analysis revealed cells with two types of branching patterns suggesting two different modes of growth. The predominant pattern is characterized by dichotomous branching on random segments (DR cells). However, a purely collateral branching pattern is particular to certain cells (CB cells). These two branching patterns were found in both nuclei of the IC in adult and young cats, but the exact significance of these two cell types remains unclear. The dendritic trees of cells in kittens differed from those of the adult cat. Also, the types of modification were different in the two functionally distinct nuclei of the inferior colliculus that we studied. The most dramatic modifications were observed in the dendritic tree of DR cells in the central nucleus, which receives fibers from the auditory nuclei in the brainstem. Two parameters were modified: the mean number of terminal segments and the mean total length of segments. Both parameters increased in the sagittal plane and decreased in the frontal plane. These modifications indicate a reorientation of the dendritic tree in the sagittal plane, along the incoming axons from the auditory nuclei. As these afferents become functionally mature only after birth, this spatial remodeling of the dendrites seems closely related to functional maturation of secondary auditory axons. In the dorsomedial nucleus that receives fibers from the auditory cortices, the dendritic tree of DR cells also undergoes spatial reorientation. This is more evident in the horizontal plane and with respect to the incoming axons. Our results suggest that the characteristic orientation of the dendritic tree of cells observed in the inferior colliculus of the adult cat is established only after the first postnatal weeks. This orientation seems to result from an active process of remodeling concomitant with the functional maturation of afferents, a fact already established for various cell types in the nervous system. PMID- 7276244 TI - Astrocyte cell lineage. I. Astrocyte progenitor cells in mouse neopallium. AB - The astrocyte cell lineage during postnatal development of the neopallium of Swiss mice was studied, using a colony culture assay method in which dissociated neopallial cells form discrete colonies in culture. It was found that immature epithelial-like cells that from type A colonies in culture come primarily from the subventricular zone but also from other regions of the neopallium. In culture, cells of type A colonies from type C colonies consisting of cells, which although still epithelial like, differ morphologically from the type A colony forming cells. In the presence of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dBcAMP) the type C colonies form cells rich in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and stainable with Cajal's gold chloride sublimate, a stain specific for astrocytes. Therefore, it is proposed that type A colony-forming cells are astrocyte progenitor cells resembling the "pale" cells found in the subventricular zone (Blakemore and Jolly, '72), the "large glioblasts" (Sturrock, '76) and the free subependymal cells (Privat, '70; Paterson et at., '73) in the corpus callosum. The sequence of the lineage, i.e., cells forming type A colonies give rise to cells forming type C colonies which eventually differentiate into astrocytes, takes place in situ as well as in culture. As postnatal development of the neopallium progresses the number of colony-forming cells decreases in the subventricular zone and in other parts of the neopallium. The astrocyte progenitor cells migrate from the subventricular zone to other parts of the neopallium and progress through the lineage of differentiation in all regions of the neopallium. PMID- 7276245 TI - Organization of afferent input to subdivisions of area 8 in the rhesus monkey. AB - The sources of ipsilateral afferents to subdivisions of one frontal eye field (Walker, '40a area 8) were studied with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in macaque monkeys. There were major differences in the distribution of cells projecting to the caudal and rostral parts of area 8. The majority (53%) of labeled cortical cells projecting to caudal regions were in visual association areas, and an additional 23% were in the ventral bank of the intraparietal sulcus, where neurons may have predominantly visual and visuomotor properties. In contrast, rostral area 8 had a much lower percentage of its cortical input originating in visual association areas (5%) or in the ventral bank of the intraparietal sulcus (8%). After HRP injection in this rostral part, 21% of labeled cells were in auditory association areas and 13% in paralimbic regions, whereas labeling in these two types of cortex was negligible after HRP administration to caudal parts of area 8. The percentage of cells in other association regions (portions of the banks of the superior temporal sulcus, dorsolateral parietal, medial parietal, and prefrontal cortices) was higher in the rostral (53%) than in the caudal case (21%). The results suggest that caudal area 8 may be involved in head and eye movements in response to visual stimuli, while its anterior subdivisions may be involved in directing the head and eyes in response to auditory stimuli. Furthermore, limbic input may also be relevant to the neural processing occurring in rostral frontal eye fields, perhaps by directing attention toward motivationally relevant stimuli. PMID- 7276247 TI - A collateral pathway to the neostriatum from corticofugal neurons of the rat sensory-motor cortex: an intracellular HRP study. AB - A projection from large pyramidal cells in layer V of the rat somatic sensory motor (SSM) cortex both to the neostriatum and the brainstem was demonstrated by intracellular recording and injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Layer V neurons that project to the brainstem were identified either by antidromic activation from the cerebral peduncle or by tracing the HRP-labeled axon into the internal capsule in histochemically processed sections. Intracellular responses to stimulation of the hindlimb, forelimb or mystacial pad were also examined. Five of 20 HRP-injected neurons that project to the brainstem had a fine collateral branch within the striatum. These branched corticostriatal cells respond at short latency (7--12 msec) to somatic sensory stimulation. All of the injected corticofugal neurons that had a striatal collateral were large pyramidal neurons located in layer Vb of the forelimb and head areas of SSM cortex. Branched corticofugal neurons have a rich basal dendritic field and a prominent apical dendrite that arborizes in the superficial cortical layers. Intracortical axon collaterals from the branched cells ramify in layers V and VI, and also project to the upper layers of cortex near the apical dentrite. Beyond the cortex, the main axon has no collateral branches, except for a single laterally directed branch in the neostriatum. The diameter of the striatal collateral is small (about 0.5 micrometer) compared to that of the main axon (2.0--2.5 micrometers). It is concluded that these branched cells provided a parallel input to the neostriatum and to brainstem or spinal motor centers. PMID- 7276248 TI - The organization of somatosensory area II in tree shrews. AB - Microelectrode multiunit recording methods were used to determine the somatotopic organization of the second somatosensory area, S-II, in tree shrews. Neurons were activated by light tactile stimuli, and receptive fields were located on the contralateral body surface only. The orientation of S-II was such that the top of the head adjoined S-I and the distal limbs pointed away from S-I so that the representation could be characterized as "erect". In general, the distortions of the body surface in S-II were similar to those found in S-I of the tree shrew (Sur et al., '80), with the exception that proportionately less cortex was devoted to the glabrous nose. The representation in S-II was more continuous than that in S-I. Finally, cortex bordering S-II caudally was found to be responsive to generally more intense somatosensory stimuli such as taps to the body surface. PMID- 7276246 TI - Lesion-induced sprouting of hippocampal mossy fiber collaterals to the fascia dentata in developing and adult rats. AB - A lesion-induced formation of an abnormal projection of hippocampal mossy fiber collaterals to the molecular layer of the fascia dentata was studied in rats. Both immature (1--30 days old) and adult rats were subjected to hippocampal and entorhinal lesions which alone or in combination removed one or more of the major afferents to the dentate molecular layer (commissural, associational, and perforant path). Some lesions in addition transected the main part of the mossy fibers en route from the dentate granule cells to the hippocampal pyramidal cells in regio inferior (CA3). The formation of aberrant mossy fiber terminals in fascia dentata (supragranular mossy fibers) was monitored by the histochemical Timm sulphide silver method, but the presence of aberrant terminals was also observed in the electron microscope. Abnormal amounts of supragranular mossy fiber terminals were found following entorhinal lesions of both immature and adult rats, but not following commissural lesions. Even larger amounts of aberrant terminals were, however, found in immature and adult rats subjected to lesions which removed most of the associational hippocampodentate projection by isolating columns of fascia dentata from major parts of the hilus (CA4). Pure transections of the fascia dentata perpendicular to its longitudinal septotemporal axis did not in itself cause aberrant supragranular terminals, although such lesions partially damaged the associational afferents. When the transections were combined with commissural lesions or entorhinal lesions or both, large amounts of supragranular terminals did, however, form at the denervated levels septal to the transection. After comparison of the amounts and distributions of the aberrant terminals found after the different lesions and in transplants of dentate tissue with different amounts of afferent input, we conclude that it is deafferentation of the dentate molecular layer, and not axotomy of the mossy fibers in the hilus of CA3 (pruning), that causes the aberrant growth of mossy fiber collaterals. Moreover, simultaneous removal of more than one afferent system seems to have a potentiating rather than a simple additive effect on the formation of supragranular mossy fibers. PMID- 7276249 TI - Physiological and anatomical evidence for a discontinuous representation of the trunk in S-I of tree shrews. AB - Microelectrode mapping methods revealed that the representation of the body surface in the first somatosensory area of cortex, S-I, of the tree shrew is unique in that only the ventral trunk was found in the usual location of the trunk representation in cortex of the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere. Instead, the dorsal trunk was found as an extension of the representation of the posterior leg in cortex on the medial wall. The separation of the representation of the trunk occurs along a line that is counter to the orientation of the dorsal root dermatomes, so that S-I of the tree shrew clearly cannot be characterized as a serial representation of dermatomes. Anatomical studies of connections support the conclusion that the representation of the trunk is split in S-I. Both the representation of the dorsal trunk on the medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere and S-I of the dorsolateral surface were found to project to S-II when horseradish peroxidase was injected into S-II. PMID- 7276250 TI - The connections of the inferior colliculus and the organization of the brainstem auditory system in the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). AB - The connections of the inferior colliculus, the mammalian mid-brain auditory center, were determined in the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), using the horseradish peroxidase method. In order to localize the auditory centers of this bat, brains were investigated with the aid of cell and fiber stained material. The results show that most auditory centers are highly developed in this echolocating bat. However, the organization of the central auditory system does not generally differ from the mammalian scheme. This holds also for the organization of the superior olivary complex where a well-developed medial superior olivary nucleus was found. In addition to the ventral and dorsal nuclei of the lateral lemniscus a third well-developed nucleus has been defined which projects ipsilaterally to the inferior colliculus and which was called the intermediate nucleus of the lateral leminiscus. All nuclei of the central auditory pathway project ipsi-, contra-, or bilaterally to the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus with the exception of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and the medial geniculate body. The tonotopic organization of these projections and their possible functions are discussed in context with neurophysiological investigations. PMID- 7276251 TI - Efferent connections of the olfactory bulb in the opossum (Didelphis marsupialis aurita): a Fink-Heimer study. AB - The efferent concentrations of the olfactory bulb (OB) in the opossum (Didelphis marsupialis aurita) were studied by the aid of the Fink-Heimer technique. Following lesions restricted to the OB, ipsilateral degenerating fibers entered the lateral olfactory tract and were treated to terminal fields essentially limited to the outer portion of the plexiform layer (sublamina IA) of the following structures: all the subdivisions of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the rostroventral tenia tecta, the full extent of the olfactory tubercle, the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, the anterior portion of the medial amygdaloid nucleus, the whole cortical amygdaloid nucleus (in the posteromedial subdivision of this structure the degeneration was very scanty), and the sulcal, piriform, and lateral entorhinal cortices. Some degree of topographical organization in the OB projections was noticed in the rostral portion of the lateral olfactory tract and within the external and lateral subdivisions of the anterior olfactory nucleus. In another series of experiments, when the lesion also involved the accessory olfactory bulb, heavy terminal degeneration occurred along the whole extent of the medial amygdaloid nucleus and in the posteromedial subdivision of the cortical amygdaloid nucleus. These findings indicate that, although very similar to those described in other mammals, the OB efferent connections in the opossum present some peculiarities; namely, the existence of dense terminal fields in the sulcal cortex and in the rostral district of the medial amygdaloid nucleus. PMID- 7276252 TI - Direct projection from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus to the prestriate cortex in macaque monkeys. AB - The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was separately injected into striate, prestriate, inferotemporal, and parietal cortices in 19 macaque monkeys, and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) was examined for retrograde transport. Labeled LGN cells were identified only in the animals, with HRP injections into the striate and prestriate cortex. Following injections into either of these regions, labeled cells were found in both parvocellular and magnocellular regions of the ipsilateral LGN only, in keeping with the topographic relation of HRP injection sites in the cortex to labeled areas in the LGN. It was also found that (1) labeled LGN cells were less numerous in both laminar and interlaminar zones following HRP injection into the prestriate cortex, whereas following HRP injection into the striate cortex labeled cells were found almost exclusively in the laminae, and localized to a wedge-shaped region; (2) following HRP injection into the prestriate cortex, the mean sizes of the labeled parvocellular and magnocellular cells, estimated in projected diameter, were almost the same, these means being significantly larger than the mean size of labeled parvocellular cells and much smaller than that of labeled magnocellular cells following HRP injection into the striate cortex; (3) the shapes of the labeled LGN cells following HRP injection into the prestriate cortex were ovoid, fusiform, or triangular (or multipolar), whereas those following HRP injection into the striate cortex were uniformly ovoid or round. The above findings following HRP injections into the prestriate cortex in normal monkeys were confirmed by HRP injections into the prestriate cortex of monkeys whose striate cortex had been removed several months prior to the injection; labeled cells were found in confines of areas of retrograde degeneration in the LGN and their labeling pattern was the same as that in intact animals. It was concluded that in macaque monkeys, just as in the cat, a geniculoprestriate projection system exists; it was suggested that there are two parallel system of visual information processing from the LGN to the prestriate cortex, a direct one and in indirect one through the striate cortex. PMID- 7276253 TI - Cerebellar corticonuclear fibers of the paramedian lobule of tree shrew (Tupaia glis) with comments on zones. AB - Following a series of lesions in dorsal (DPML) and ventral (VPML) divisions of tree shrew (Tupaia) paramedian lobule (PML), the distribution of degenerated axons within the deep cerebellar nuclei was determined using the Fink and Heimer ('67) method. Damage to PML produced axonal degeneration in lateral (NL), anterior interposed (NIA), and posterior interposed (NIP) cerebellar nuclei. No degenerated fibers could be traced to either the medial cerebellar nucleus or vestibular complex, via juxtarestiform body, from lesions in PML. Corticonuclear fibers to NL, NIA, and NIP from PML cortex are topographically organized. Subsequent to lesions of lateral DPML, axonal debris is found in rostral and medial NL, while the lateral edge of VPML projects primarily into medial NL. According to the terminology of Voogd ('69) these lateral regions of PML represent the D zone. The NIP receives corticonuclear input from a relatively wide middle area of both portions of PML, interpreted as the C2 zone. There is some evidence which suggests that medial portions of the C2 area of DPML project into more lateral areas of NIP, while lateral regions of this zone in DPML are related to more medial NIP. This projection pattern is invited for the C2 area of VPML; medial C2 to medial NIP, lateral C2 to lateral NIP. Corticonuclear fibers of PML which enter NIA appear to arise from a narrow, irregular, partially discontinuous strip of cortex located at the interface of the D and C2 areas in lateral PML and from a wider, more regular region in the most medial areas of this lobule. These represent, respectively, the C3 and C1 zones. Although an overall pattern of zones is present, there is evidence to suggest that their spatial organization differs from DPML to VPML. The zonal patterns appears to be more obvious in VPML, while this pattern for DPML is less distinct. This is interpreted as indicating that either (1) zones C1--C3 overlap to a greater degree in DPML than in VPML, or (2) zones C1 and C3 may converge in rostral DPML, partially obliterating the intervening zone C2. The different ways in which zonal terminology is applied to both corticonuclear and certain of the afferent cerebellar systems are discussed. PMID- 7276254 TI - The vestibular nuclei in the domestic hen (Gallus domesticus): VI. Afferents from the cerebellum. AB - Following horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections in the superior, in the Deiters', in the medial, and in the descending vestibular nuclei in the hen, labeled cells are found in lateral longitudinal zones in the ipsilateral cerebellar cortex, most numerously in the anterior lobe, the nodulus, the uvula, and the auricle. Furthermore, labeled cells are found bilaterally in the ventral parts of the medial and intermediate cerebellar nuclei. Lesions in the cerebellar cortex of the anterior lobe and in anterior parts of the posterior lobe result in terminal degeneration, mainly in the nucleus Deiters dorsalis, but also scantily, in peripheral regions of the superior nucleus, the nucleus Deiters ventralis, the ventrolateral part of the medial nucleus and, mainly medially, in the descending nucleus. Lesions in the posterior part of the uvula, in the nodulus, and in the auricle result in much denser degeneration, most heavily affecting the nucleus Deiters dorsalis, but also affecting peripheral regions of the superior nucleus, the nucleus Deiters ventralis, the entire descending and medial nuclei, and the tangential nucleus. Lesions in the medial cerebellar nucleus result in degeneration bilaterally in the vestibular complex, most heavily affecting the nucleus Deiters ventralis and cell group B, but also affecting peripheral regions of the superior nucleus, the medial nucleus- mainly in dorsomedial regions, lateral and caudal parts of the descending nucleus and, very scantily, in the nucleus Deiters dorsalis. The findings are discussed in the light of the data concerning the organization of the cerebellovestibular projections in mammals and the known connections of the vestibular nuclei in birds. PMID- 7276255 TI - Postnatal increase of unmyelinated axon profiles in the feline ventral root L7. AB - The proportion of unmyelinated axon profiles and possible age-related, degenerative and regenerative alterations were studied ultrastructurally in the L7 ventral root of 25 cats ranging form 3 weeks to 11 years of age. For comparison, the ventral root C6 was examined in 5 of these animals. The sections were taken from a level midway between the proximal and distal ends of the roots. The proportion of unmyelinated axon profiles in the L7 ventral root increased from about 14% to around 31% between 4 and 7 months after birth. Simultaneously, the average number of unmyelinated axon profiles per Schwann cell was doubled from 2-3 to 4-5. Thereafter, these figures remained largely unchanged for at least a decade. The total number of myelinated axons was similar in kittens and in cats. In the C6 root the proportion of unmyelinated axon profiles was about 20%, both in kittens and in young or old adult cats. At both segmental levels in the oldest cats, some unmyelinated axons showed degenerative changes and medium sized and large axons had features characteristic of demyelination and remyelination. PMID- 7276256 TI - The olivocerebellar projection in the monkey. Experimental studies with the method of retrograde tracing of horseradish peroxidase. AB - Following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in various lobes and lobules of the macaque cerebellum the occurrence of retrogradely labeled cells in the inferior olive was mapped. Only cortical areas showing staining of the molecular layer were considered as sites of uptake of HRP. To facilitate comparisons between cases and presentation of findings, a diagram of the macaque inferior olive as imagined unfolded was constructed (Fig. 1). Attempts were made to compare the findings made with data on the olivocerebellar projection in the cat and the pattern of a longitudinal zonal subdivision of the cerebellum. In general there appears to be a remarkably close correspondence between the organization of the olivocerebellar projection in the monkey and the cat. The projection is precisely organized and appears to be purely crossed. Within the projections to some of the cerebellar cortical zones a topical pattern can be demonstrated. Olivary afferents to vermal lobules V, VII, and VIII are derived from the caudal half of the medial accessory olive, projecting to Voogd's zone A. The topical pattern resembles that in the cat (Fig. 8). after injections covering the lateral zone of the anterior lobe vermis (zone B), labeled cells are seen in the caudal part of the dorsal accessory olive. In some cases staining of the intermediate part of the anterior lobe and of the paramedian lobule is followed by labeling of cells in the rostral part of the dorsal accessory olive (zones C1 and C3) or in the rostral half of the medial accessory (zone C2). When the injected area covers lateral parts of the cerebellum, there is labeling in the principal olive (projecting to zones D1 and D2). Although not entirely decisive, the findings lend support to the view that the ventral lamella of the principal olive supplies zone D2, whereas the dorsal lamella supplies zone D1. The relatively sparse data in the literature on the afferents to the monkey olive are briefly considered. On may points the projections appear to be as in the cat. However, there is possibly a species difference between cat and monkey as concerns their receipt of afferents from the red nucleus. PMID- 7276257 TI - Projections from the pontine nuclei proper and reticular tegmental nucleus onto the cerebellar cortex in the cat. An autoradiographic study. AB - After injections of 0.5 microliter of tritiated leucine and/or proline into various parts of the pontine nuclei proper or the pontine tegmental reticular nucleus (N.r.t.) of 34 cats, labeled terminals of pontocerebellar fibers were found in the cerebellar cortex. Fibers from the pontine nuclei and N.r.t. terminate as mossy fibers in the granular layer of the cerebellum, and no evidence is obtained of labeled fibers in the molecular layer. The pontocerebellar projection is, in general, bilateral with a contralateral preponderance, and a complex organization has been shown to exist in the cat. Clear evidence of divergence of this projection from a small pontine area has been demonstrated. Thus, the dorsolateral nucleus has a heavy projection to lobule VII, besides modest projections to lobules VI, VIII, and IX, crus I and II, paraflocculus, and paramedian lobule. On the other hand, a particular cerebellar region receives afferent fibers from several pontine regions, confirming previous HRP studies. For example, lobule VII receives heavy projections from parts of the dorsolateral, peduncular, and paramedian nuclei, less heavy projections from the lateral part of the lateral nucleus, and some from other parts of the pontine nuclei. This is a convergent feature of the pontocerebellar projections. In addition, small adjoining areas within a pontine subdivision have different patterns of cerebellar projections, shwing preferential sites of terminations. This suggests some degree of localization within the pontine nuclei. The cerebellar projection from the N.r.t. shows an essentially similar organization as the projection from the pontine nuclei proper, an apparent difference being only that the former is more extensive in the fields of termination than the latter. Some evidence for a parasagittal termination of pontocerebellar projections to the paramedian lobule has been found in this study. However, this is not as clear-cut as such patterns in the cerebellar projections from the spinal cord, cuneate nucleus, and lateral reticular nucleus shown recently in rat and cat. PMID- 7276258 TI - The distribution of visceral primary afferents from the pelvic nerve to Lissauer's tract and the spinal gray matter and its relationship to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus. AB - The central distribution of visceral primary afferent fibers from the pelvic nerve of the cast and the relationship of these fibers to preganglionic neurons of the sacral parasympathetic neurons (SPN) have been studied. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) applied to the cut pelvic nerve was detected ipsilaterally in preganglionic neurons and dorsal root ganglion cells (segments S1-S3), and in central afferent projections to Lissauer's tract (LT), the dorsal columns, the dorsolateral funiculus, and spinal gray matter. The afferent projections were strongest in the region of the SPN (S1-S3) but extended far beyond its limits (e.g., LT was labeled from L4 to Cx7). In the transverse plane, collateral fiber bundles formed a thin shell around the dorsal horn predominantly within lamina I and expanded into terminal fields in the gray matter. The more prominent lateral collateral projection (LCP) extended into laminae V and VI, whereas the medial one (MCP) ended in the dorsal commissure. In longitudinal planes these projections exhibited a periodicity with an interval of approximately 200 micrometer. The distribution of afferent collateral projections overlaps the regions where many preganglionic neurons and their dendritic extensions are located, and also areas known to contain interneurons involved in visceral pathways. A differential distribution of afferents within the SPN was noted where a higher intensity was observed in proximity to those neurons located in laminae V and VI, which innervate the colon, and a lower intensity near neurons located in Lamina VII which innervate the bladder. This is consistent with the known spinal control of colon reflexes and the supraspinal control of bladder reflexes. The widespread rostrocaudal extent of the pelvic primary afferent projection is consistent with the necessity for the integration of somatic and autonomic elements from various levels of the lumbo-sacral-coccygeal spinal cord in the performance of pelvic visceral functions. PMID- 7276259 TI - The phrenic nucleus of th albino rat: a correlative HRP and Golgi study. AB - The phrenic nucleus of the adult albino rat was studied by utilizing the O dianisidine method for the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in conjunction with the zinc chromate modification of the Golgi technique. Application of HRP to the transected phrenic nerve in the neck labeled a column of phrenic motor neurons from C3 to C5 in the ipsilateral spinal cord. However, when HRP was applied to the phrenic nerve intrathoracically, labeled neurons were found from C3 to C6. The long axis of the column of phrenic neurons was oriented tangentially from rostral to caudal poles. There was a gradual shift of the column from posterior to anterior and from lateral to medial positions in the ventral horn. The peroxidase material was also used to localize impregnated phrenic motor neurons in the Golgi sections and to provide quantitative data on phrenic motor neurons. In Golgi-impregnated material two types of phrenic neurons were distinguished on the basis of dendritic morphology and orientation. These neurons were designated (1) large neurons with smooth, radially oriented dendrites, and (2) smaller neurons with varicose, tangentially oriented dendrites. Both types of neurons had a small number of spines and bulbous appendages issuing from the dendritic trunks and branches. The dendritic fields of adjacent phrenic neurons overlapped extensively with one another and with dendrites of more distally placed ventral horn motor neurons. In peroxidase labeled sagittal sections the dendrites of phrenic neurons were primarily oriented in the rostrocaudal plane. The mean total number of peroxidase-labeled neurons in the phrenic nucleus was 415.75 +/- 18.36 cells. In sagittal sections the mean long axis diameter of phrenic cell bodies was 34.5 micrometers. In frontal sections the mean long axis diameter of phrenic cell bodies was 22.5 micrometers. Thus, from direct measurement, the phrenic neurons were 34% longer in the sagittal plane than in the frontal plane. In the present study each phrenic nucleus contributed fibers only to the ipsilateral phrenic nerve, and no evidence for peripheral crossing of fibers was found. PMID- 7276260 TI - The neural pathway involved in "efferent inhibition" of chemoreceptors in the cat carotid body. AB - This study was done to determine whether a pathway of efferent axons in the carotid sinus nerve is necessary for the phenomenon of "efferent inhibition" (inhibition induced in carotid body chemoreceptors by electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve). Our approach was to eliminate efferent axons in the carotid sinus nerve of cats without destroying the sensory axons. This was achieved by cutting the ipsilateral glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves central to their sensory ganglia and/or by removing the nodose and superior cervical ganglia. In neurophysiological studies we found that the response of chemoreceptors in cats 10 days after surgery was the same as that in controls. chemoreceptor activity was decreased by electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve and was increased by hypoxia and cyanide. In operated cats as in control animals, "efferent inhibition" was abolished by haloperidol and dihydroergotamine, drugs that block the inhibitory action of dopamine. Electron microscopic studies disclosed that the number of nerve endings in glomus cell/sheath cell complexes was not measurably different in control and experimental carotid bodies. By contrast, 10 days after the carotid sinus nerve was cut the number of nerve endings next to such ells was reduced by more than 99%. cutting the nerve roots and excising the ganglia eliminated most nerve endings on blood vessels: The number of noradrenergic-type nerve endings was reduced 99% and other types of nerve endings (presumptive cholinergic and peptidergic types) were reduced by more than 90%. Our experiments indicate that "efferent inhibition" is not abolished by operations that destroy inputs to blood vessels and to carotid boy glomus cells from (1) the nodose ganglion, (2) superior cervical ganglion, or from (3) neurons in the brain stem whose axons run in the glossopharyngeal or vagus nerves. We conclude that " efferent inhibition" may be caused by antidromic stimulation of sensory axons. PMID- 7276261 TI - Synovitis and bovine syncytial virus isolation in experimentally induced malignant catarrhal fever. PMID- 7276263 TI - Ovine and porcine so-called cardiac rhabdomyoma (hamartoma). PMID- 7276262 TI - An immunopathological study of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7276264 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the sperm-tail of zinc-deficient rats. PMID- 7276265 TI - Molybdenum toxicity in sheep: epiphysiolysis, exotoses and biochemical changes. PMID- 7276266 TI - Sub-endocardial fibrosis in the rat: a light and electron microscopical study. PMID- 7276267 TI - Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin-induced lesions in the small intestine: 1. Light microscope studies. PMID- 7276268 TI - Morphological changes in the central nervous system of sheep affected with experimental annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) toxicity. PMID- 7276269 TI - Urolithiasis in dogs from villages in Bulgaria. PMID- 7276270 TI - Perfume allergy. PMID- 7276271 TI - Delayed pressure urticaria: an investigation of some parameters of lesion induction. AB - Two patients with delayed pressure urticaria were studied to define some of the physical parameters related to experimental lesion induction using a pressure testing device. Graded pressures from 48 to 234 gm/mm2 were applied for 1 to 180 seconds on several anatomic areas. Experimentally induced lesions were symptomatically, clinically, and histologically identical to spontaneous wheals and reached a maximum size 9 hours after the stimulus. The threshold response found was related to the amount of pressure, the duration it was applied, and the anatomic area tested. Sites that previously reacted to pressure were refractory to additional stimuli for at least 24 to 48 hours. The mediator for delayed pressure urticaria remains unknown, and some patients do not respond to oral corticosteroids. PMID- 7276272 TI - Cutaneous cryptococcosis simulating pyoderma gangrenosum. AB - A 33-year-old white man with a history of chronic ulcerative colitis presented with multiple cutaneous ulcers and an indurated cellulitic area on his right thigh. Clinically, the ulcers were considered to represent pyoderma gangrenosum. However, tissue biopsy revealed copious yeast forms that were identified as Cryptococcus neoformans. The indurated area on the right thigh later ulcerated, and tissue culture of this area also revealed Cryptococcus. This case illustrates that when pyoderma gangrenosum is diagnosed, the possibility of deep fungal infection should be considered and excluded by appropriate studies. PMID- 7276273 TI - Atopic cataracts versus steroid cataracts. AB - A case of cataract development in a patient with atopic dermatitis is presented. Malpractice litigation was brought about because the patient alleged that he had steroid cataracts, which resulted from his having received systemic corticosteroids. Data are presented to show that atopic cataracts and corticosteroids. Data are presented to show that atopic cataracts and steroid cataracts can be similar in appearance and cannot be distinguished from one another in many cases. All patients receiving chronic corticosteroids should have an ophthalmologic examination early in the course of treatment and periodically thereafter. PMID- 7276274 TI - Use of radiation in dermatology. PMID- 7276275 TI - Induction of female and male mating patterns in female rats by gonadal steroids: effects of neonatal or adult olfactory bulbectomy. AB - Hormonally mediated sexual response patterns were evaluated in female rats receiving olfactory bulb ablations neonatally (Day 2) or in adulthood. In a test of females' reactivity to a caged male in an open field, estrogen and progesterone treatments increased the number of squares entered and the number of cage contacts, but olfactory bulb removal had no effect on these measures. During mating tests, the feminine sexual behavior of females bulbectomized on Day 2 was similar to that of control-operated females, whereas females bulbectomized as adults displayed enhanced levels of lordosis, darting, and ear wiggling. Lordosis varied with estrogen dose, whereas darting was progesterone-dependent. In tests of masculine copulatory behavior, the proportion of bulbectomized females (Day 2 and adult) that mounted was significantly lower than that of control-operated females. The effects of olfactory bulb removal, which vary with the age at ablation and the behavioral system investigated, are not mediated by a single neuroendocrine system and cannot be interpreted in terms of a unitary "arousal' construct. PMID- 7276276 TI - Hormones and midbrain mediation of courtship behavior in the male ring dove (Streptopelia risoria). AB - The nucleus intercollicularis (ICo) region of the midbrain has been shown to concentrate testosterone and to be involved in the neural control of avian vocal behavior. The present study investigated the possible role of the ICo region in the androgen-dependent courtship behavior of male ring doves, with the use of radio-frequency lesion and intracranial hormone-implant techniques. In the first experiment, bilateral lesions in the ICo region reduced nest-cooing but did not specifically alter other courtship behavior of males tested with stimulus females. No effect on gonadal state could be discerned. In a second experiment, unilateral 30-ga. implants containing crystalline testosterone propionate (TP) or cholesterol (C) were placed in the ICo region or in other parts of midbrain of castrated male doves. The TP implants activated nest-cooing when placed in the ICo region only. Other behaviors were not elicited or not selectively affected by TP implants. Diffusion from the implant was probably not responsible for the elicitation of nest-cooing, since the weights of the peripheral steroid-sensitive tissues of males implanted with TP and C did not differ and since many sites near, but not in, the ICo region were ineffective. These data demonstrate the importance of the ICo region in the expression of nest-cooing, vocal courtship behavior, in the male ring dove. Furthermore, the facilitation of certain vocal courtship behavior by hormonal stimulation is in line with the suggestion that the central gray/ICo/torus semicircularis regions of the vertebrate brain are analogous in their mediation of vocalizations. PMID- 7276277 TI - Effects of androgens on dietary self-selection and carcass composition in male rats. AB - The aromatizable androgen testosterone propionate (TP; .2 mg/day) increased protein and carbohydrate intake and stimulated body weight gain in gonadectomized (Gdx) male rats. A higher dose of TP (2.0 mg/day) increased protein, but not carbohydrate, intake and was less effective in stimulating body weight gain than the lower dose of TP. Postmortem carcass analyses revealed that the elevated protein intake of both TP-tested groups was associated with increased carcass protein content. The decreased weight of rats treated with the high dose of TP was due to a reduction in body fat content. The nonaromatizable androgen 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP; .2 or 2.0 mg/day) also increased protein (but not carbohydrate) intake and body weight gain in Gdx male rats, but it did not alter carcass composition. Unlike TP, the two doses of DHTP were equally effective, but neither dose of DHTP was as effective as the low dose of TP in stimulating protein and carbohydrate intake and body weight gain. The results of these experiments suggest that (a) androgens can increase selection of dietary protein whether or not they exert significant protein anabolic effects, (b) the 5 alpha-reduced product of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, is not the major metabolite responsible for the increases in protein and caloric intake and in body weight caused by TP, and (c) the decreases in carbohydrate intake and adiposity in rats treated with the high dose of TP may be mediated by aromatized (estrogenic) metabolites of the androgen. PMID- 7276279 TI - Fixation of spinal reflexes in rats by central and peripheral sensory input. AB - Two methods were used to demonstrate retention of postural asymmetries after spinal cord section in adult rats. In the first preparation, postural asymmetries of the hindlimbs were induced by placing electrolytic lesions in the anterior cerebellum. Asymmetry was found to consistently outlast a spinal cord section if 45 min were allowed between brain lesion and cord section. A certain percentage of rats allowed 35 or 40 min also demonstrated the retention. In the second preparation, postural asymmetries induced by 45 min of direct hindlimb stimulation were also retained after spinal section. Rhizotomy prior to stimulation resulted in a lack of appreciable asymmetry upon termination of the stimulation. Finally, retention of a hindlimb-stimulation-induced asymmetry was observed in animals that underwent a spinal section prior to the stimulation. The present series of studies demonstrates that the "spinal fixation" phenomenon can be obtained by induction of postural alterations from central (cerebellar lesion) and peripheral (hindlimb stimulation) sources. In addition, results obtained from spinal animals indicate that retention of peripherally induced asymmetry is not crucially dependent on higher brain center activity but rather seems to be more dependent on long-term alterations that occur directly in the spinal reflex system. PMID- 7276278 TI - Development of species identification in ducklings: VIII. Embryonic versus postnatal critical period for the maintenance of species-typical perception. AB - It was previously demonstrated that the domestic mallard duck embryo must be exposed to its embryonic contact-contentment call at a repetition rate of four notes per second in order for the neonate to manifest the species-typical preference for the species maternal call at its normal rate (3.7 notes/sec) after hatching. The present study examined whether the exposure to the contact call must occur in the late embryonic period in order to be effective. It was found that exposure for as little as 5 min/hr for 24 hr was sufficient for normal perceptual development and that such stimulation could occur either before or after hatching, provided that a 48-hr "consolidation" period intervened between the end of stimulation and testing. PMID- 7276280 TI - Inhibition of cerebral protein synthesis does not prolong short-term memory. AB - Male Swiss albino CD-1 mice given a single subcutaneous injection of a cerebral protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin (ANI; 1 mg/animal), 20 min prior to a single trial of passive avoidance training demonstrated impaired retention at tests given 3 hr, 6 hr, 1 day, and 7 days after training. Retention was not significantly different from that of saline controls when tests were given .5 or 1.5 hr after training. Prolonging inhibition of brain protein synthesis by giving either one or two additional injections of ANI at 2 hr or at 2 and 4 hr after training did not prolong good retention performance. The temporal development of impaired retention in ANI-treated mice could not be accounted for by drug dosage, duration of protein synthesis inhibition, or nonspecific sickness at test. In contrast to the suggestion that protein synthesis inhibition prolongs short-term memory, the results of this experiment indicate that short-term memory is not prolonged by antibiotic drugs that inhibit cerebral protein synthesis. All evidence seems consistent with the hypothesis that short-term memory is independent of protein synthesis and that the establishment of long-term memory depends on protein synthesis during or shortly after training. PMID- 7276281 TI - Disruption of appetite but not hunger or satiety following small lesions in the amygdala of rats. AB - Discretely localized lesions were made in the amygdala to examine how specifically they might alter various measures of feeding behavior in male rats. Behavioral tests included spontaneous intake and body weight regulation, reactivity to saccharin and quinine solutions, conditioned taste aversion, the feeding response to food deprivation, the response to glucose gavage, and teh response to dietary amino acid imbalance. Lesions in virtually all regions of the amygdala disrupted feeding behavior in some respect, but alterations in specific tasks were associated only with highly circumscribed brain damage. Body weight regulation, spontaneous food and water intake, and the responses to glucose gavage and long-term food deprivation were not altered by lesions in the amygdala. The results provide evidence that, in the rat, the amygdala may play a greater role in appetite than in hunger or safety. In particular, amygdaloid nuclei may participate in maintaining a negative bias in the reactivity to all appetitive stimuli. PMID- 7276282 TI - Visual discrimination defects in cats with temporal or occipital decortications. AB - Performance on visual discrimination problems by seven control (C) cats, eight cats with lesions in the posterior temporal (PT) cortex, and eight with destruction of the central 3 degrees-20 degrees of the retina's projection to the marginal (M) gyrus was investigated as a function of three variables: discriminanda (objects and patterns, type of pattern), learning requirement (acquisition, transfer, retention), and stimulus-response contingency (simultaneous, successive, concurrent discrimination). Group PT was impaired on 7/11 initial learning and transfer tests and on 0/3 retention tests, with pattern stimuli; it was inferior to Group C on 1/7 object discrimination tasks. No discrimination contingency was more likely than the others to reveal a significant deficit in Group PT. Group M was not impaired relative to Group C on any individual discrimination task. However, it made significantly more total errors on seven discriminations between complex patterns (embedded or masked figures) than Group C. On three discriminations between simple patterns (unmasked figures), Group M made fewer errors than Group C. This pattern of loss is qualitatively similar to, but milder than, that observed in previous cats with M lesions, very probably because the present M lesions were relatively small. The findings indicate that M and PT ablations produce differential impairments in cats, a selective difficulty in differentiating complex patterns after M lesions and a nonselective disruption of pattern discrimination learning after PT lesions. PMID- 7276283 TI - Development of olfactory control of feeding-site selection in rat pups. AB - The results of the present experiments provide two lines of evidence consistent with the view that development of olfactory control of feeding-site selection in rats depends on experiences during ontogeny. First, normally reared pups ate at a feeding site at which either an anesthetized conspecific or conspecific excreta were present in preference to a clean site, whereas pups reared without contact with conspecifics were not influenced in their choice of feeding site by these social stimuli. Pups allowed contact with conspecifics for only the 5 days immediately prior to testing exhibited, like normally reared pups, a strong preference for feeding sites marked with social stimuli. Second, exposure of pups to an arbitrarily selected odor rendered that odor subsequently capable of influencing feeding-site selection. Comparison of the results of the present experiments with those of similar studies, in which a different measure of pup olfactory preference was used, revealed that the factors affecting development of olfactory preference vary as a function of test situation. PMID- 7276284 TI - Stimuli for male mouse (Mus musculus) ultrasonic courtship vocalizations: presence of female chemosignals and/or absence of male chemosignals. AB - In research on animal chemocommunication, biological odors are sometimes presented by being applied to a "neutral" animal (e.g., castrated or ovariectomized conspecific). This technique is typically utilized when the behavioral response to the odor requires the presence of a conspecific. In five experiments, mice (Mus musculus) that might be expected to be neutral stimuli were examined for their abilities to elicit ultrasonic courtship vocalizations from male mice. Paradoxically, adult castrated males, adult males that were neonatally castrated, hypophysectomized males, prepubertal females, and hypophysectomized females all elicited more vocalizations than would have been predicted from previous research in which their urine alone was used as the stimulus. These and previous results are consistent with courtship vocalizations being promoted by chemosignals from females and/or by an absence of cues from males. Thus a truly neutral conspecific for presenting female sex odors may not exist in mice. PMID- 7276285 TI - Changes in cognitive task performance across the menstrual cycle. AB - Menstrual-cycle-related changes in estrogen were expected to differentially affect various cognitive tests. Specifically, the estrogen peak occurring at midcycle in ovulatory women was expected to facilitate performance of highly practiced "automatized" tasks and to impair performance of "perceptual restructuring" tasks, compared with performance of these tasks in the postovulatory phase of the cycle when progesterone is thought to counteract the action of estrogen. Perceptual-restructuring tasks are defined as tasks in which the initial percepts to obvious stimulus attributes are wrong and must be set aside in favor of percepts to less obvious stimulus attributes. Eight-seven regularly menstruating undergraduate women were studied. Odd-numbered subjects were tested first on or about Day 10 of their cycle and then again on Day 20; even-numbered subjects, in the reverse sequence. Daily basal body temperature records were obtained. These temperature records suggested that 21, or 24%, of the subjects did not ovulate in the cycle(s) studied. No main effect of Day 10 versus Day 20 occurred for any task in the 66 women who did appear to ovulate. However, the magnitude of predicted shifts in performance was significantly correlated with proximity of the "Day 10" testing day to the thermal nadir of the basal body temperature record, the presumed preovulatory estrogen peak; and to the "Day 20" proximity to the basal body temperature thermal peak, the presumed progesterone peak. Subjects tested 3 or fewer days before the thermal nadir and on or after the thermal peak had the predicted significant changes on three of the four administered tasks. No other temporally defined group produced significant changes. The results of the study support the experimental hypotheses and also indicate that precise timing is essential to demonstrate the phenomena. PMID- 7276286 TI - Differential effects of the albino gene on behavior according to task, level of inbreeding, and genetic background. AB - Different generations from a Mendelian crossing schedule and two inbred recombinant albino strains were compared in a water-escape and a locomotor task under dim red-orange light. The results revealed deleterious effects of the albino gene. Although seriously altering cognitive-capacities, they did not affect locomotor tasks. The degree of expression of these effects was greater in the inbred albino mice than in the albinos from heterozygous generations. Differences in the genetic background may also affect the degree of expression of the albino gene effects in various albino strains. The visual system is unlikely to mediate the pleiotropic effects of the albino gene discussed in this report. PMID- 7276288 TI - 7th European meeting of the Society for Cutaneous Ultrastructure Research Vienna, May 9-10, 1980. PMID- 7276287 TI - Perforating lichen nitidus. AB - A skin biopsy from an 8-year-old boy with generalized lichen nitidus revealed a transepidermal perforating lesion never observed before in this disorder. A disturbance in dermo-epidermal interaction with alterations of epidermal cell kinetics could explain this finding in a disease which, curiously, shows many histologic features conducive to transepidermal perforation. A clear distinction should be made between primary and secondary perforating dermatoses, since perforation per se is a non-specific cutaneous reaction pattern occurring in the course of many unrelated disorders. PMID- 7276290 TI - Effects of the hypoxic radiosensitizer misonidazole on normal and irradiated epidermis. AB - Misonidazole, a hypoxic cell radiation-sensitizer, has been used in vivo to analyze its effect on normal and x-irradiated epidermis. The drug action was evaluated 3 days after being implanted subcutaneously. The response of the epidermis and especially of the basal cells to the drug alone and in combination with x-radiation was studied. The ultramorphological analysis as well as quantitative data on epidermal thickness and keratinocyte volume showed that high doses of misonidazole impair the usual post-irradiation epidermal reaction, thus enhancing the involutional effects of radiation and inhibiting radiation-damage repair, even under conditions or normal oxygenation. PMID- 7276289 TI - Adnexal metaplasia in carcinoma in situ of the skin. AB - Two cases of epidermoid carcinoma in situ of the skin, one with mucinous metaplasia and the other with sebaceous metaplasia, are reported. These unique cases suggest a spectrum of differentiation possible by neoplastic epidermal keratinocytes, which may help in the understanding of the histogenesis of certain skin neoplasms. PMID- 7276291 TI - Supernumerary nipple. A histologic study. AB - Supernumerary nipple (SNN) is a developmental abnormality that occurs most commonly over the anterior aspect of the trunk in the pathway of the embryonic milk lines. This report describes a histologic study of 48 cases with 51 SNN found among 360,000 consecutive skin biopsy specimens received in a dermatopathology laboratory. Histologically, the supernumerary nipple shows all the components observed in the nipple area, including eqidermal thickening, pilosebaceous structures, smooth muscles and mammary glands. A brief review of the literature is also made concerning the incidence and other characteristics of this lesion. PMID- 7276292 TI - The welfare of urban youth in China 1949-79. PMID- 7276293 TI - The therapeutic implications of locking up children. PMID- 7276294 TI - Transition from education to working life: pointers from the European Communities' Action Programme. PMID- 7276295 TI - Scotland in the seventies--adolescents in care and custody. A survey of adolescent murder in Scotland. PMID- 7276298 TI - Family therapy with adolescents. PMID- 7276296 TI - The main psychotherapeutic trends in Poland with special attention to the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Cracow. PMID- 7276297 TI - The hyperactive child in adolescence: some pharmacologic approaches. PMID- 7276299 TI - Alcohol and young people. PMID- 7276300 TI - The anorexic stance. PMID- 7276301 TI - Attenuation of the mother-child bond and male initiation into adult life. PMID- 7276302 TI - Juvenile procedures in the Swiss Canton of Vaud. PMID- 7276303 TI - Notes on the linkage between the sexually abused child and the suicidal adolescent. PMID- 7276304 TI - Ego stage and identity status development: a cross-lag analysis. PMID- 7276305 TI - Oedipal motives in adolescent chess players. PMID- 7276306 TI - Treatment of transsexualism in adolescence. PMID- 7276307 TI - The self concept of adolescent humorists. PMID- 7276308 TI - Different perspectives. PMID- 7276309 TI - Vitamin D metabolites in plasma of cows fed a prepartum low-calcium diet for prevention of parturient hypocalcemia. AB - Our objective was to characterize changes in vitamin D metabolites of plasma in Jersey cows fed a prepartum low-calcium diet. Eight cows were fed a high-calcium diet (80 g/day) and eight were fed a low-calcium diet (8 g/day) at least 14 days before parturition. Calcium concentrations in plasma decreased after initiation of feeding either diet, but cows fed low-calcium diet tended to have lower prepartum calcium and phosphorus and greater peripartal calcium in plasma. Hydroxyproline in plasma was greater during peripartal period in cows fed low calcium diet. Prepartum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in plasma tended to be greater in cows fed low calcium. Increases in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were only 2 and 3 days after initiation of the low-calcium diet; during the first 2 days after parturition, however, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D tended to be lower in those cows fed low calcium. As parturition neared, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D tended to be lower in cows fed the low calcium-diet. Usual early postpartum changes in calcium phosphorus, magnesium, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and hydroxyproline were seen during first few days after initiation of feeding low calcium. Thus, we propose that the preventative action of the low-calcium diet is associated with preparation of the calcium homeostatic mechanism several days before the calcium demand of initiation of lactation. PMID- 7276310 TI - Adrenal response of the newborn calf to acute inanition and colostral feeding. AB - This is a study of hyperadrenalemia from inanition in neonatal calves and the influence of elevated postpartum concentrations of cortisol in serum in intestinal absorption of colostral immunoglobulins. Feeding of newborn Holstein Friesian calves was delayed up to 24 h after parturition. Concentrations of cortisol in serum were measured at 0, 12, 24, and 40 h following birth. Delaying colostrum intake 8 h or more elevated cortisol concentrations in serum at 24 h postpartum. Adrenal response as indicated by concentrations of cortisol in serum followed a positive linear trend with delay in feeding. Concentrations of cortisol also were increased acutely by ingestion of colostrum following inanition. As time elapsed after the feeding, concentration of cortisol in serum decreased. Partial correlations were negative between concentration of cortisol and maximum Immunoglobulin G but not Immunoglobulin M or Immunoglobulin A. PMID- 7276311 TI - Influences on progesterone concentration in bovine milk. AB - Factors affecting progesterone concentrations in milk of lactating dairy cows were studied and discussed as they pertained to pregnancy diagnosis. Adding a preservative to milk allowed storage at room temperature for 10 days with no effect on progesterone analysis. Progesterone content in first, composite, and last milk was associated with fat content, although correlation between progesterone concentration in composite milk and fat percentage was low. Variation was considerable in individual samples for each of the milk fractions. Day of the estrous cycle was the most important factor affecting progesterone concentration in milk from cycling cows. Samples for pregnancy diagnosis by milk progesterone should be collected near the time that nonpregnant cows are expected to return to estrus. Progesterone concentration in milk from pregnant cows remained high throughout gestation with progesterone concentrations similar to those in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. PMID- 7276312 TI - Estrus-related odors in cows: time of occurrence. AB - One Catahoula Leopard Cowdog and three German Shepherd dogs, previously trained to detect odors characteristic of estrus in cows, were used in three experiments to determine when estrus-related odor first appears, how long it persists, and when it disappears in relation to time of estrus. Samples were swabs of reproductive tract fluids taken from vaginas of cycling cows on the day of estrus, at diestrus (8 to 10 days after estrus), and at daily intervals before and after estrus. Estrous odor emerges slowly during the 3 days before estrus, reaches a definite peak in intensity on the day of estrus, and disappears within 1 day thereafter. PMID- 7276313 TI - Periparturient endocrine changes of conceptus and maternal units in Jersey cows bred for milk yield. AB - Control cows, sired by and bred to bulls with assumed zero estimated breeding values, and selected cows, sired by and bred to bulls of high predicted difference for milk yield, were used. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture on alternate days from 35 to 14 days prepartum, from 14 to 28 days postpartum, and daily from 14 days prepartum to 14 days postpartum. We examined blood hematocrit, and concentrations in plasma of protein, estrone, estradiol, estrone sulfate, progestins, glucocorticoids, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin. Total plasma volume was measured on days -21, -7, and +11. Weekly body weights, prepartum and postpartum, were recorded. All data were analyzed by least squares analysis of variance with day and hematocrit as continuous independent variables. Hematocrit was higher for selected cows throughout the sampling period. Prepartum concentrations of progesterone were higher in selected cows, but concentrations of estrone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin were lower than in control cows. Hormonal and physiological responses indicated that selection for milk yield influenced both the conceptus and maternal units as measured by prepartum endocrine function. PMID- 7276315 TI - Correlation between post-thaw motility and acrosomal integrity of bovine sperm. AB - The relationship between post-thaw motility and the percentage of sperm with intact acrosomes was evaluated in semen from 26 yearling Hereford or Angus bulls. A total of 409 samples was used, which consisted of 208 pooled first and second ejaculates, split and frozen in ampules and straws. All bulls passed a breeding soundness exam several weeks prior to the experiment. However, bulls were not subjected to any further selection for seminal quality, and all were of unknown fertility. In addition, all ejaculates from each bull were frozen without regard to seminal quality. Motility was assessed immediately after thawing, whereas acrosomal integrity was evaluated after 2 h of post-thaw incubation at 38 degrees C. The simple coefficient of correlation among bulls between motility and percentage of sperm with intact acrosomes was only .33. When variation in seminal quality among bulls was removed statistically, the corresponding coefficient of correlation within bulls was only .23. Under conditions of this experiment, post thaw motility and acrosomal integrity constituted distinct, separate features of spermatozoal integrity that varied independently of each other. PMID- 7276314 TI - Periparturient and postpartum endocrine changes of conceptus and maternal units in Jersey cows bred for milk yield. AB - Control cows, sired and bred by bulls of zero estimated breeding value, and selected cows, sired by and bred to bulls of high predicted differences for milk yield, were used to evaluate maternal endocrine changes from 14 days prepartum to 28 days postpartum. Examined were concentrations in plasma of 13, 14 dihydro-15 keto-prostaglandinF2 alpha, progesterone, estrone sulfate, estrone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin. Ability of cows to release prolactin and luteinizing hormone on day 10 postpartum was evaluated after a simultaneous injection of thyrotropin releasing hormone (100 microgram) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (100 microgram). Changes in progesterone and estrogens prepartum lead to peak concentrations of prolactin and prostaglandin at parturition and 3 days postpartum, respectively. Higher basal concentrations of prolactin for control cows prepartum were associated with a higher prolactin release by thyrotropin releasing hormone at 10 days postpartum. Although release of luteinizing hormone in response to gonadotropin releasing hormone did not differ between groups on day 10 postpartum, a subsequent increase in progesterone to above 1 ng/ml was earlier and more precisely synchronized among control cows (16 +/- .43 versus 23 +/- 2.33 days). Within cow concentrations of F2 alpha 13, 14 dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin-F2 alpha were correlated with size of previous gravid uterine horn (.67) and milk yield (-.39). Selection for milk yield influenced postpartum endocrine function. PMID- 7276316 TI - Rates of conception by artificial insemination of dairy cattle. AB - Over 41 mo, 1004 first and second service inseminations were evaluated in Holstein cows and heifers of breeding age. Cattle were inseminated either at the end of the heat check in which they were observed in heat (0 h) or at the end of the next heat check (12 h). Rate of conception was affected by estrous behavior at 12 h, site of semen placement in the reproductive tract, sire, and environmental temperature the day after insemination. Service number, time of day at which insemination occurred, inseminator, and timing of insemination in relation to the onset of estrus had no effect on fertility. With twice daily heat checks, a single daily service produced acceptable rates of conception. PMID- 7276318 TI - Advances in reproduction in dairy cattle. PMID- 7276317 TI - Cattle behavior. PMID- 7276319 TI - 75 years of dedication and progress: American Dairy Science Association. PMID- 7276320 TI - Coping strategies in psychiatric clinical research. PMID- 7276322 TI - Have they come to praise Luria or to bury him?: the Luria-Nebraska Battery controversy. PMID- 7276321 TI - Impediments to accurate clinical judgment and possible ways to minimize their impact. PMID- 7276324 TI - Factor analysis of the revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale for blacks, whites, males, and females with a national normative sample. PMID- 7276323 TI - A replication of Patterson's "Intervention for boys with conduct problems". PMID- 7276325 TI - Emetic and electric shock alcohol aversion therapy: six- and twelve-month follow up. PMID- 7276326 TI - The lock box: a measure of psychomotor competence and organized behavior in retarded and normal preschoolers. PMID- 7276327 TI - The marital intake interview: a multimethod criterion validity assessment. PMID- 7276329 TI - Reade and Wertheimer's "A bias in the diagnosis of schizophrenia" revisited. PMID- 7276328 TI - Treatment of stereotypic cross-gender motor behavior using covert modeling in a boy with gender identity confusion. PMID- 7276330 TI - Relationship of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery to the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. PMID- 7276331 TI - Distinctions between treatment outcomes and their implications for treatment evaluation. PMID- 7276332 TI - Adjustment differences among male substance abusers varying in degree of combat experience in Vietnam. PMID- 7276333 TI - The Maine Scale of paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia: reliability and validity. PMID- 7276334 TI - Behavioral approaches to anxiety disorders: a report on the NIMH-SUNY, Albany, Research Conference. PMID- 7276335 TI - Behavioral correlates for the MMPI standard F scale and for a modified F scale for black and white psychiatric patients. PMID- 7276337 TI - Anxiety of pain: what does the scale measure? PMID- 7276338 TI - Anxiety as an affective focus in the clinical study of acute behavioral distress: a reply to Shacham and Daut. PMID- 7276336 TI - Modification of cognitive processes: a case study of schizophrenia. PMID- 7276339 TI - The present status of outcome studies: a reply to Frank. PMID- 7276340 TI - Reply to Telch. PMID- 7276341 TI - The P less than V sign on the WISC-R and recidivism in delinquents. PMID- 7276342 TI - Utility of the Beck Depression Inventory with psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. PMID- 7276343 TI - Comparative diagnostic accuracy of the Halstead-Reitan and standardized Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Batteries in a mixed psychiatric and brain-damaged population. PMID- 7276344 TI - Validity of MMPI codetypes in identifying DSM-III schizophrenics, unipolars, and bipolars. PMID- 7276346 TI - Over-sight on Op-Site. PMID- 7276347 TI - The unflappable scalp shrinkers. PMID- 7276345 TI - MMPI differences of male Hispanic-American, black, and white heroin addicts. PMID- 7276348 TI - Conjunctival dysplasia and squamous-cell carcinoma. PMID- 7276349 TI - An effective pressure dressing on the scalp that is easily made and is cosmetically acceptable. PMID- 7276350 TI - The art of bandaging: fingers and hands, toes and feet, the gauntlet (or glove) and the sock. PMID- 7276351 TI - CO2 laser modification of Mohs' surgery. PMID- 7276352 TI - The case for Mohs' surgery by the fixed-tissue technique. PMID- 7276354 TI - Scalp reduction for correction of cutis aplasia congenita. PMID- 7276355 TI - A photographic gem: photography by a photocopying machine. PMID- 7276353 TI - Factors related to thickness of melanoma. Multifactorial analysis off variables correlated with thickness of superficial spreading malignant melanoma in man. AB - Computer analyses to identify correlations between thickness of primary superficial spreading malignant melanoma and eighteen variables previously reported to be related to prognosis were performed on a series of malignant melanomas. The variables that showed statistically significant (less than or equal to 0.05) direct relationships to thickness were level (Clark), elevation of lesion, age of patient, least and greatest diameters of lesion, history of bleeding, ulceration, clinical and histologic stage, anatomic location, pedunculation, and satellitosis. The variables that did not correlate with thickness were clinical diagnosis of regional lymphadenopathy, in-transit metastasis, duration of lesion, sex, history of a previous malignant melanoma, and history of a pre-existing lesion at the site of the development of melanoma. Multiple regression analysis of the factors that showed statistically significant correlation with thickness of the primary lesion revealed a subset of six dominant variables that were most predictive of thickness, namely, level, elevation, largest diameter of lesion, ulceration, histologic stage, and age of the patient. PMID- 7276356 TI - Tumor conference #37. A vascular malformation characterized by episodic hematomas and ecchymoses: a new entity? PMID- 7276358 TI - The nail-patella syndrome. PMID- 7276357 TI - Basal-cell carcinoma of the vulva. PMID- 7276360 TI - The process of replacement of vellus hairs by coarse hairs. PMID- 7276359 TI - Correction by a flap of suprahyoid fat of a "witch's chin" caused by a submental retracting scar. PMID- 7276361 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen in the management of pressure sores in patients with injuries to the spinal cord. PMID- 7276362 TI - Face fly and horn fly reduction on cattle with fenvalerate ear tags. PMID- 7276363 TI - Mass rearing of face flies. PMID- 7276364 TI - Sustained-release Rabon bolus for face fly control in cattle feces. PMID- 7276365 TI - [3H-aldosterone binding by rat kidney cytosol in reflex and denervation dystrophy of this organ]. PMID- 7276366 TI - [Role of hormones in changes in the intercellular interactions of rat enterocytes in ischemia]. PMID- 7276367 TI - [Dynamics of the neuronal reactions of the cat cerebral cortex to prolonged stimulation of the visceral nerves]. PMID- 7276368 TI - [Effect of the beta-hydroxy derivatives of 6-member nitrogenous heterocycles on mitochondrial respiratory chain NAD.H-oxidase activity]. PMID- 7276369 TI - Insensible fluid losses in severe tetanus. AB - Insensible fluid losses were estimated using fluid balances and body weight changes in twelve artificially ventilated patients with severe tetanus. Studies were carried out over initial twenty day periods of treatment on six patients aged between 26 and 49 years and six aged 63 to 78. Nine of the 12 patients lost weight over the study period (the younger losing an average of nearly 10% of their body weight) and all patients had positive fluid balances ranging between 15 and 53 1. The discrepancy between these findings was explained on the basis of considerable and continuing fluid losses in the form of sweat and saliva. When quantified, insensible fluid losses appeared greatest in the younger patients (up to 3.81 per day) and increased throughout the period of study. Dehydration will tend to occur unless the magnitude of these insensible losses is appreciated and taken into account when managing fluids. PMID- 7276370 TI - Whole blood calcium activity during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7276371 TI - Selective insufflation of collapsed lung with fiberoptic bronchoscope and Swan Ganz catheter. PMID- 7276372 TI - The possibility of predicting paO2 following changes in FiO2. PMID- 7276373 TI - Determination of norflurazon and desmethylnorflurazon in plant tissue by high pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7276374 TI - Qualitative/quantitative determination of sulfamethazine in swine tissue by gas chromatographic/electron impact mass spectrometry using a stable isotope labeled internal standard. PMID- 7276375 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of fungicidal dithiocarbamates. PMID- 7276376 TI - A comparative study of water transpiration and the uptake and metabolism of [14C]phorate by C3 and C4 plants. PMID- 7276377 TI - Studies on the nature and identity of bound chloroaniline residues in plants. PMID- 7276378 TI - Residue analysis of isopropyl N-(3-Chlorophenyl)carbamate in fruits and vegetables using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7276379 TI - Diphenyl absorption by honey tangerines: the effects of washing and waxing and time and temperature of storage. PMID- 7276381 TI - Tetrachlorvinphos metabolism in laying hens. PMID- 7276380 TI - Metabolism of 2,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenoxyacetic acid in plants. PMID- 7276383 TI - Carbamate poisoning. Effects of selected carbamate pesticides on plasma enzymes and brain esterases of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). PMID- 7276382 TI - Organophosphate poisoning. Effects of selected organophosphate pesticides on plasma enzymes and brain esterases of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). PMID- 7276385 TI - Mycotoxin production in whole tomatoes, apples, oranges, and lemons. PMID- 7276384 TI - An investigation into the possible presence of volatile N-nitrosamines in cooking oils, margarine, and butter. PMID- 7276386 TI - Biological quality and composition of sweet potato protein fragments. PMID- 7276387 TI - Seasonal variation of bitterness components, pulp, and vitamin C in Texas commercial citrus juices. PMID- 7276390 TI - Gas chromatographic quantitative analysis and persistence of dimethoate and dimethoxon residues on and in wheat plants. PMID- 7276388 TI - Effect of potato virus X on the mineral content of potato tubers. PMID- 7276389 TI - Comparative study of aggregated and disaggregated ovomucin during egg white thinning. PMID- 7276391 TI - Effects of dietary fat and vitamin E on the liquid composition and stability of veal during frozen storage. PMID- 7276392 TI - Inhibitors of trypsin and chymotrypsin in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) tubers. PMID- 7276393 TI - Analysis of difenzoquat herbicide in wheat products by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. PMID- 7276394 TI - Lead contents of commercially canned single-strength orange juice stored at various temperatures. PMID- 7276396 TI - An in vitro system for assessing lung cell response to ozone. PMID- 7276397 TI - Sensorimotor skills and language comprehension in autistic children. AB - The objectives of this study were to examine the level of sensorimotor concepts of young autistic children and to relate these concepts to language comprehension. A sample of 16 autistic children with a mean mental age of 24.8 months was administered a standardized scale of sensorimotor intelligence and of receptive language. The autistic children demonstrated surprisingly sophisticated sensorimotor skills, particularly object permanence. While their initial performance was inferior to that of normal controls matched on mental age, particularly in their use of objects in combination, the difference between groups diminished on the second test administration. On the receptive language measure, the autistic children were less able to identify words correctly. The sensorimotor behavior of autistic children who demonstrated language comprehension did not differ from those who showed no language comprehension, except that the former group tended to use an object as an instrument somewhat more frequently. The fact that the autistic children were so impaired in language even with fairly good sensorimotor skills suggests that these skills, particularly object permanence, play a minor role in their language acquisition. PMID- 7276395 TI - Variation of myristicin content in cultivated parsnip roots (Pastinaca sativa ssp. sativa var. hortensis). PMID- 7276398 TI - Peer acceptance: the correspondence between children's sociometric scores and teachers' ratings of peer interactions. AB - In view of the current interest in children's peer relationships and social skills, and the need for valid assessment procedures for children's peer problems, the intent of the present study was to examine the correspondence between peer ratings of acceptance and teacher ratings of a child's social behavior and likability. The 92 children were males and females from the third, fourth, and fifth grades. Classroom teachers rated each of the children on withdrawal, aggressive, and likable behavior using the Pupil Evaluation Inventory. Peer ratings of the child's acceptance in play and work situations were obtained from same-sex classmates. The teacher rating of likability was the best predictor of peer acceptance scores for males; withdrawn behavior was the best predictor of peer acceptance scores for females. Ratings of withdrawn and aggressive behavior contributed to the prediction of peer acceptance scores for males; for females, only withdrawn behavior contributed to the prediction of peer acceptance. In terms of the clinical utility of teacher ratings for assessing children with peer problems, the use of the withdrawn and/or aggressive ratings scales appeared to offer promise as a means of identifying such children. Implications for the area of children's social skills and directions for future research were discussed. PMID- 7276399 TI - The effect of appealing distractors on the performance of hyperactive children. AB - The study investigated whether hyperactive children were more susceptible to appealing distractors than were normal children. Twenty hyperactive and 20 normal children performed arithmetic tasks under three levels of distraction: no distraction, low-appeal distraction, and high-appeal distraction. Hyperactive children were significantly more affected by both low- and high-appeal distractors than were the normal children. PMID- 7276400 TI - Hyperactive and aggressive behaviors in childhood: intertwined dimensions. AB - The relationship between aggression and hyperactivity is unclear in childhood hyperkinesis. To examine the relationship between the two dimensions, a sample of 109 first-, second-, and third-grade children who were rated as hyperactive were evaluated daily by their teachers for 12 consecutive school days on the Daily Behavior Checklist. Daily recordings were made on a total of 22 specific behaviors, 11 physically or verbally aggressive acts, and 11 acts of a restless or hyperactive nature. The Conners hyperactivity score correlated .47 with daily aggression and .49 with daily hyperactivity. A subgroup of hyperactive children who exhibited both hyperactive and aggressive behaviors at rates greater than 98% of their classmates was selected. These children were rated significantly higher on the Conners scale than on alternate subgroup of hyperactive children who showed high rates of hyperactive but not aggressive behaviors. In view of heavy reliance on teacher ratings with the Conners scale in studies of hyperactivity, careful consideration of the potential confounding of hyperactivity and aggression is recommended. Implications for classification, longitudinal investigation, and evaluation of treatment of hyperactive children were discussed. PMID- 7276401 TI - Format effects in two teacher rating scales of hyperactivity. AB - The object of this study was to investigate the effect of differences in format on the precision of teacher ratings and thus on the reliability and validity of two teacher rating scales of children's hyperactive behavior. Teachers (N = 242) rated a sample of children in their classrooms using rating scales assessing similar attributes with different formats. For a sub-sample the rating scales were readministered after 2 weeks. The results indicated that improvement can be made in the precision of teacher ratings that may be reflected in improved reliability and validity. PMID- 7276404 TI - Reliability of the behavior problem checklist with institutionalized male delinquents. AB - Interrater and 2-week test-retest reliability coefficients were determined for subscales of the Behavior Problem Checklist on 50 males incarcerated in a state receiving facility for delinquent adolescents. Raters were 22 dormitory counselors, 2 of whom rated each child after 1 week and again after 3 weeks of observing the boys. Interrater reliability ranged from .06 to .68 on the various BPC subscales and was .50 overall, reflecting wide variation in the agreement of raters in rating boys on different dimensions. Test-retest reliability coefficients for the same rater at 2-week intervals were higher (.71 overall) and also varied among subscales. Raters were able to agree best on aggressive, acting out behaviors. Other personality dimensions tapped by the BPC were rated with less reliability in this particular setting. PMID- 7276403 TI - Parent-child interaction in the laboratory: effects of role, task, and child behavior pathology on verbal response mode use. AB - Fourth-, fifth-, or sixth-grade children identified as aggressive, withdrawn, or nondeviant by a consensus of teacher and peer ratings interacted with one of their parents in a modified revealed difference task. Transcripts of the interactions were coded according to a taxonomy of verbal response modes (VRMs). Comparison of VRM profiles showed small and equivocal differences between trait groups. However, differences between roles (parent and child) and differences between two phases of the task ("reach agreement" on a problematic situation and "tell you how you feel" in that situation) were large and highly significant. Results support the hypothesis that intersubjective coding categories, such as VRMs, are sensitive to role, task, and relationship variables but relatively insensitive to enduring individual differences in personality or behavior pathology. PMID- 7276402 TI - The consistency of a class of coercive child behaviors across school settings for individual subjects. AB - This study addressed the problem of the intraindividual consistency of a class of coercive child behaviors across two school settings. Observational data collected on eight coercive behaviors of 53 boys in classrooms and on the playground. Previous Guttman scale analyses had shown that these eight coercive behaviors constituted a response class. The rates of the eight coercive responses in the response class were rank-ordered separately for each of the 53 subjects in each of the two settings. The intraindividual rank-order correlations were all positive, and 37 were statistically reliable. This number of significant correlations was further shown to be significantly greater than chance. It was concluded that there is a substantial amount of cross-situational consistency if intraresponse class analyses are done for individuals. PMID- 7276405 TI - Aggressive behavior in normal and deviant members of intact versus mother-only families. AB - Single-parent families have been identified as using more coercion and aggression to elicit compliance than intact families. The present study compared 9 mother only and 15 intact families from a referred clinical sample to 9 mother-only and 16 intact nonreferred "normal" families using a family behavioral observation code. Clinical families emitted higher rates of aggressive behavior than normals, and mother-only emitted higher rates than intact. However, mother-only normals had lower rates than intact clinical families. The intact versus mother-only factor appears to be less important in understanding aggression than do the specific interactional patterns of family members. PMID- 7276406 TI - Functional assessment of elderly subjects in four service settings. AB - Rapid, reliable and valid assessment of the functional status of elderly persons is a prerequisite for the efficient provision of appropriate types of services. The Functional Assessment Inventory, a 30-minute, multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire, is an abbreviated modification of the OARS Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire. It was administered by interviewers to a stratified sample of 244 elderly persons in a rural county of Florida, in four service settings. These four sites were: nursing homes (63 subjects), adult congregate living facilities (ACLF) (62 subjects), adult day care programs (60 subjects), and senior centers (59 subjects). Patterns of functional impairment for each setting were identified. Nursing home patients showed impairment in all dimensions (physical, mental, economic, social, and activities of daily living) with mental and ADL impairments predominating. ACLF subjects showed social, mental and ADL impairments. Subjects in adult day care and senior centers were less generally impaired on all dimensions, ith physical, mental and ADL impairments predominating in the day care subjects, and social impairments predominating in the senior center subjects. The respondent refusal rate was less than 10 percent. The findings suggest potential for the widespread use of the new shorter Functional Assessment Inventory for determining the type, level, and appropriateness of services for the elderly. PMID- 7276407 TI - What is geriatrics? The Swiss experience. AB - For the Geriatric Institutions of Geneva, geriatrics is not just a convenient term for concealing large gaps in present medical knowledge, but a specialized branch of medicine specifically adapted to the urgent needs of the growing older adult population. These Institutions constitute a 276-bed hospital, an 80-bed extended-care facility, and a large consultation service for ambulatory patients. The staff comprises over 50 physicians and psychiatrists, multidisciplinary paramedical personnel, and a large complement of social workers. The three main goals are to: 1) address the complex medical needs of the older patient; 2) motivate the staff about the specific problems of the elderly and how to deal with them; and 3) promote awareness in the community of the complexity of problems associated with geriatric patients. The model of geriatric health-care delivery developed and practiced in Geneva is "Integrated Medicine." This is not simply a multidisciplinary approach to the multiple disorders of elderly patients, but also a particular philosophy of management with objectives specifically adapted to their unique pathophysiologic, psychiatric and social needs. The model is described as it pertains to preventive medicine, diagnosis, therapeutics, and prognosis. Integrated Medicine is not a panacea, yet it constitutes a step toward developing a health-care delivery system specifically adapted to the geriatric patient. PMID- 7276408 TI - Physical and mental health symptoms of older people: who do they tell? AB - A research study was designed to develop information about the day-to-day symptoms of older persons that often are not reported to professionals. As one aspect of the research, the subjects (N = 132) were asked: 1) if they had had any of a predetermined list of 20 symptoms during the previous month; 2) to whom did they report these symptoms; and 3) if no one had been told, what was the reason for not reporting. About half of the subjects had experienced difficulty in sleeping, tiredness, nervousness, feeling blue, unsteadiness on feet, and forgetfulness. A slight majority told someone (a professional, family member, or friend) about their symptoms, but a large proportion did not tell anyone. Most symptoms (56 percent) were not reported to health professionals. When another person was told, usually the recipient of the information was as likely to be a family member or friend as a professional. Reasons for not telling anyone included: the symptom ws "no big deal"; "nobody cares"; "nothing can be done about it"; and "don't want to bother people." The data are discussed in terms of the implications for health education of older people and family members, and for the attitudes and behaviors of health professionals. PMID- 7276409 TI - Brain weights in octogenarians. AB - The brains of 102 octogenarians were weighed and examined at autopsy. The heaviest weighed 2075 gm, and the lightest 818 gm. They were classified by sex and by the pathologic changes. These brains were definitely lighter than the accepted normal, but somewhat heavier than a previously reported series of nonagenarian brains which showed a greater percentage of pathologic lesions. PMID- 7276410 TI - Left atrial myxoma in the elderly: diagnosis by M-mode and bidimensional echocardiography. AB - Two cases are reported of left atrial myxoma in elderly patients, diagnosed by combined M-mode and bidimensional echocardiography. One patient was an 80-year old man presenting with typical signs of mitral obstruction by an atrial tumor. His symptoms were erroneously attributed to chronic bronchitis until an echocardiogram was obtained. The other patient was a 70-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation of one year's duration. Left atrial myxoma, although rarely observed in the elderly, may be diagnosed easily by means of echocardiography. Some cases may prove amenable to surgical treatment. PMID- 7276411 TI - Hairy cell leukemia presenting in a patient aged 90. PMID- 7276412 TI - Sliding hiatal hernia in the elderly: a clinical entity. AB - Sliding hiatal hernia occurs in the elderly with a symptom complex which differs from that seen in younger persons. A comparison of the symptoms of this disease in 66 older patients with the symptoms in 154 younger patients revealed four categories in the elderly: digestive, anemic, anginal, and pseudoneoplastic. Of these, the digestive-tract abnormality, even though the most common, was the least characteristic and was caused by the associated pathologic lesions rather than by the hiatal hernia itself. PMID- 7276413 TI - Abuse of the elderly--the hidden agenda. I. The caretakers and the categories of abuse. AB - An overview of the problem of abuse of the elderly is presented in an effort to guide future research. Categories of caretakers for the aged include formal (i.e., institutional settings) and informal (e.g., family, neighbors, sitters). Data are presented from a task force report on the status of nursing homes in the State of Texas. Categories of abuse are discussed under four divisions: physical, psychologic, material, and fiscal. Deliberate physical abuse by formal caretakers was the least common; physical neglect was far more common, e.g., the development of decubitus ulcers, inadequate nutrition, improper medication, and vermin infestation. Psychologic abuse was most frequent in the area of benign neglect, with patients regarded as "going to die anyway." A tendency toward infantilization by formal caretakers was observed. Material abuse included primarily theft, chiefly of personal items rather than medication items. Fiscal abuse included embezzlement of patients' trust funds, improper charges for service, failure to notify the State of the death or departure of a patient, abuse for drugs, and artificial upgrading of Medicaid recipients' classifications. Possible causes of abuse are reviewed. PMID- 7276414 TI - Diagnosis of occult gastrointestinal lesions by stool guaiac testing in a geriatric hospital. AB - In a long-term care facility, the fecal guaiac test for occult blood was used as a screening method to detect gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding lesions. The study involved 450 chronically ill hospitalized patients whose average age was 70 years. Each underwent 6 fecal guaiac tests for three consecutive days while receiving a standardized meat-free, high-fiber diet. The 21 patients in whom the fecal hemoccult test yielded positive findings were further studied with x-ray upper GI series, barium enema, and fiberoptic examination of the upper and lower GI tract when necessary. In 4.7 percent of this population, the guaiac test gave positive results, which usually involved only 1 or 2 of the 6 guaiac slides. On further study it was found that 2 patients had large-bowel tumors, 5 had duodenal ulcers, 1 had gastric cancer, and 7 had diverticulosis. The incidence of colon cancer in this population was the same as that reported in other studies, but the incidence of duodenal ulcers was high. In 20 of the 21 patients with positive test findings, a lesion of the GI tract was found. The therapeutic implications of such screening are important. This study emphasizes the value of routine fecal hemoccult testing of whole institutional populations once or twice a year. PMID- 7276415 TI - Auditory acuity and performance on the mental status questionnaire in the elderly. AB - The relationship between auditory acuity and performance on the Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ, Kahn et al) was investigated in 27 residents of two skilled nursing facilities. Statistically significant correlations between auditory acuity and MSQ total scores were obtained at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz, 4000 Hz, and 6000 Hz, but not at 8000 Hz. The correlations between auditory acuity and individual item scores, however, were statistically significant for only those items for which nursing home personnel believed the opportunity existed for residents to her the answers. These findings are interpreted as providing strong support for a causal relationship between sensory acuity and test performance, indicating that the cognitive capabilities of elderly persons can be underestimated because of their reduced sensory acuity. PMID- 7276416 TI - Part II. Seg inset for the "executive" multifocal (or getting the most out of this useful lens). PMID- 7276417 TI - Comparison of nearpoint techniques. AB - Thirteen subjects, 11 males and 2 females, from 24 to 35 years of age, were tested at the nearpoint. Three testing procedures, the Mallett near unit, the traditional examination technique, and the Borish nearpoint card, were performed. Results were analyzed to see whether a significant difference exists between the 3 types of nearpoint testing techniques. The Borish card differed significantly from the traditional technique (p less than .05) on tests of visual acuity, unfused crossed cylinder and fused cross cylinder. Donder's amplitude of accommodation on the Mallett unit and on the Borish card differed significantly (p less than .05). No significant difference was noted with the traditional technique versus the Borish card on tests of lateral phoria, vertical phoria, and vergences, or between the Mellett and Borish test on lateral associated phorias, vertical associated phorias, fine suppression, balance of sphere at near and cylinder power at near. Gross suppression was found in 2 of 26 measurements on the Mallett tests. No subjects indicated gross suppression on the Borish card. PMID- 7276418 TI - High corneal astigmatism in Navajo school children and its effect on classroom performance. AB - 809 unselected Navajo school children from kindergarten to sixth grade received visual acuities and keratometry readings. The information obtained was directed at statistical analysis of the degree of corneal curvature of two diopters or more and the distribution of its ranges, grade distribution, sex distribution, unilateral percentage and eye dominancy, uncorrected visual acuities of the high uncorrected astigmat, the mean corneal astigmatism, and the relationship between uncorrected high astigmatism and classroom performance. PMID- 7276419 TI - Report on the status of vision care in Israel. AB - Recognition of optometry in Israel has not been achieved due to various factors: the lack of recognition by the Ministry of Health in proposing a law of optometry to the Knesset (Parliament); the opposition of organized ophthalmology; the internal conflict between the various associations of opticians and optometrists within the country which lead to a lack of unification for propagation of a law of optometry; the absence of an academic institution of learning in optometry. The establishment of the Optometric Centre by the American Friends of Israel Optometry has instituted low vision clinics and post-graduate courses which have helped to advance optometry. Optometry must become organized in order to apply pressure on the Ministry of Health in order to recognize optometry as an independent profession. There is a need for the establishment of operating courses to equalize the standard of eye-care in the profession, and for the founding of an academic school of optometry to maintain a constant supply of qualified optometrists. PMID- 7276420 TI - Optometric or psychological problem? PMID- 7276421 TI - Characterization of fluorescent 2-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl immunoglobulin G conjugates for application in fluorescence polarization studies. AB - Preparations of normal rabbit IgG antibody (NgG) and purified rabbit IgG antibody of anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl (Anti-Dnp) specificity were covalently labeled with the fluorescent probe 2-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride (2,5-Dns-Cl). 2,5-Dns-immunoglobulin G preparations were shown to have average fluorescence lifetimes of 29--32 ns by cross-correlated phase and modulation fluorescence lifetime measurements. Excitation maxima were observed at 275 and 368 nm, while the emission maximum occurred at 465 nm. With 390 nm excitation, an intrinsic fluorescence polarization of 0.43 was observed. Molar extinction coefficients of 36 000 M-1 . cm-1 (at 258 nm) and 2090 M-1 . cm-1 (at 352 nm) were determined by synthesis of 2,5-Dns-L-[4,5-3H]leucine, a tritiated sulfonamide of 2,5-Dns. Low labelling (1 mol 2,5-Dns/mol of antibody) of rabbit Anti-Dnp IgG antibody with 2,5-Dns-Cl did not significantly alter the antibody association constant with Dnp. Fluorescence polarization measurements were accurately measured (0.3% error) at antibody concentrations greater than 10(-7) M, using photon counting instrumentation. Rotational relaxation times of 128 and 131 ns were determined for 2,5-Dns-NgG and 2,5-Dns-Anti-Dnp, respectively. PMID- 7276422 TI - Phase-sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy: a new method to resolve fluorescence lifetimes or emission spectra of components in a mixture of fluorophores. AB - A novel phase fluorometric method is described which permits direct recording of individual emission spectra from a mixture of two fluorescent compounds. Additionally, the lifetimes of each component may be determined by examination of the phase-sensitive fluorescence spectra. The method utilizes phase-sensitive detection of the sinusoidally modulated emission from a phase fluorometer. Resolution of the individual emission spectra in the mixture requires different fluorescence lifetimes for each component. Determination of the individual lifetimes requires knowledge of the steady-state emission spectra of the components. Use of low-frequency (approximately equal to 10(6) Hz) cross correlated signals eliminates the need for high-frequency (approximately equal to 10(6) HZ) phase-sensitive detection. A mixture of 2-p-toluidinyl-6 naphthalenesulfonic acid (TNS) and 6-propionyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene (PRODAN) was used to demonstrate the possibility of phase resolution of fluorophore mixture and to confirm theoretical predictions. A mixture of dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and dibenzo[c,g]carbazole was used to demonstrate that phase resolution is possible for spectra which overlap strongly and which are highly structured. In addition, the possibility of using phase-sensitive emission spectra for the resolution of excited-state reactions was demonstrated with anthracene and its diethylaniline exciplex. From a sample whose steady-state emission displayed both components we directly recorded the emission spectrum of anthracene monomer and the exciplex. For all these samples the dependence of the individual intensities on the phase angle of the detector agreed precisely with that expected on the basis of the individual fluorescence lifetimes. The detector phase angles chosen for suppression of each component in the mixture also agreed with the measured lifetimes. Thus, phase-sensitive fluorescence spectra can reveal individual spectral distributions or lifetimes. This method will be useful in the analysis of heterogeneous fluorescence emissions which frequently occur from proteins, membranes and other biological samples. PMID- 7276423 TI - Thermal stability of proteins analyzed by temperature scanning pH-stat titration. AB - Based on the fact that pH changes occur during the thermal unfolding of a protein, a pH-stat titrimetric procedure is described for the analysis of thermal stability. In all cases the agreement with other stability measurements was good, including a correlation with activity loss in enzymes. A model for the titration curves, assuming first-order denaturation kinetics, linear temperature increase, and validity of the Arrhenius equation, has been proposed and analyzed. Thus, thermodynamic constants can be calculated from titration curves, or transition temperatures estimation if the Arrhenius constants are known. The equipment consists of a pH-stat, a programmable heating unit, and a temperature measuring/recording system. Analysis can be done quickly and on partially purified solutions, provided the buffer capacity is low, using about 20 mg protein/10 ml sample. The effects of pH, Ca2+ ions, substrate, chemical modification, etc., on thermal stability are conveniently analyzed up to about 90 degrees C. PMID- 7276424 TI - Quantitation of specific proteins in polyacrylamide gels by the elution of Fast Green FCF. AB - The quantitation of proteins in polyacrylamide gels stained with Fast green FCF has been investigated using a modification of the elution technique originally described by Fenner et al. (Fenner, C., Traut, R.R., Mason, D.T. and Wikman Coffelt, J. (1975) Anal. Biochem. 63, 595--602) for Coomassie Blue and adapted by Medugorac (Medugorac, I. (1979) Basic Res. Cardiol. 74, 406--416) for use with proteins stained with Fast Green FCF. The elution of dye from stained protein was accomplished using 1.0 M NaOH instead of aqueous pyridine as required by the original method. The primary advantages of our modification are that the time required for protein quantitation has been considerably reduced and the use of toxic organic solvents has been eliminated. We have investigated the applicability of the method of several different proteins and our results indicate: (a) The quantity of Fast Green FCF eluted from specific proteins is proportional to the quantity of protein applied to the gel, but varies for each individual protein. (b) The method allows quantitation over a very wide range of protein (1--800 micrograms). (c) Quantitation of protein is independent of the width of the stained bands as well as acrylamide concentration. (d) The method is applicable to gels of many types including disc, slab and continuous gradient gels. (e) Protein can be estimated from the patterns obtained by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (f) The presence of Triton X-100 in gel and protein sample does not affect quantitation; the method is applicable to gels containing SDS provided that SDS is removed prior to staining. (g) Precipitation of protein with 12.5% TCA following electrophoresis does not interfere with quantitation. (h) The reproducibility of the technique is excellent, with standard deviations being less than 10% of the mean in all cases. This method appears highly versatile but requires appropriate standards for the quantitation of individual proteins. PMID- 7276426 TI - A practical and reliable method for determination of urinary 3-methylhistidine. AB - A practical and reliable semiautomated method for analysis of urinary 3 methylhistidine (3-MH) was designed combining the isolation of 3-MH by ion exchange chromatography with the color reaction given by ninhydrin orthopthalaldehyde (ninhydrin-OPT) reagent after alkalinization. 2 ml of urine were passed through disposable columns packed with an ion-exchange resin (Dowex 50-X8, 200-400 mesh) and the acidic and neutral amino acids were eluted with 10 ml of 0.2 M pyridine solution. Then, the 3-MH was quantitatively eluted and separated from histidine with a volume of 9 ml of a 1.5 M pyridine solution. Standard Autoanalyzer equipment was used for the automation of spectrophotometry. The method permits the analysis of 40 samples in duplicate per day. The 3-MH color reaction was linear for concentrations from 0.015 to 0.24 mu mol/ml. The mean recoveries of 3-MH from standards and urine were 98.6 +/- 1.3 and 99.0 +/- 1.3%, respectively. Duplicate determinations of urine samples showed a variation coefficient of 1.8%. An excellent agreement was obtained between urine samples analyzed by the present method and by an amino acid analyzer. The need for the elimination of the interfering amino acids was clearly demonstrated. PMID- 7276427 TI - The calculation of sedimentation coefficients in vertical rotors. AB - A program for the calculation of sedimentation coefficients of molecules centrifuged in sucrose in vertical rotors has been developed. The program has been tested with both protein and RNA of known sedimentation coefficients. The program can accept any shape of gradient in the range 0-70% sucrose and any temperature in the range of 0-60% C. The program can be used with any vertical rotor for which the dimensions are known. PMID- 7276425 TI - The addition of SDS to the Bradford dye-binding protein assay, a modification with increased sensitivity to collagen. AB - The standard Bradford protein assay is insensitive to collagen. But if a small, sub-threshold amount of SDS is added to the sample, the response to collagen is increased by at least an order of magnitude, while, on average, the sensitivity for non-collagens is decreased by approximately a factor of 2. As a result, comparable color formation is achieved with both collagen and non-collagens. The addition of protein to a sub-threshold amount of SDS results in the formation of a green color measurable as an increase in absorbance at 700 nm, in contrast to the blue color measured at 595 nm in the standard assay. Depending upon the source, the threshold level for SDS varies from 30 to 50 microgram. The response to protein is linear up to approximately 40 microgram of protein per ml of reagent. PMID- 7276428 TI - Some remarks on the history of research on sympathetic nerve action potentials: research at Heidelberg. PMID- 7276429 TI - Ascending spinal pathways mediating somato-cardiovascular reflexes. AB - The influence of spinal somatic afferent pathways upon cardiovascular parameters were studied in anesthetized and conscious dogs. Previous studies on anesthetized cats indicated that activation of somatic A afferent fibres results in a depressor response mediated by ascending spinal pathways in the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF). Additional activation of somatic C afferent fibers results in a pressor response mediated by pathways in the region of the dorsolateral sulcus (DLS). In anesthetized dogs sympathetic-mediated cardiovascular responses to somatic afferent stimulation are found to be conducted in the DLS. To test the possibility that these afferent pathways may mediate cardiovascular responses to exercise, dogs instrumented for blood pressure and heart rate monitoring were trained to run on a treadmill on all 4 legs and on their hindlegs only. Lesions on the DLS and a portion of the DLF significantly altered heart rate responses to treadmill running on all 4 legs. These data suggest that somato-autonomic reflexes participate in the cardiovascular adjustments which occur during exercise. PMID- 7276430 TI - Cytoarchitectonic organization of lumbar preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the cat. AB - The location and dendritic projection of lumbar preganglionic sympathetic neurons (PSN) has been investigated in the cat. Horseradish peroxidase was either injected into lumbar paravertebral ganglia or directly applied to a lumbar ramus communicans albus. PSN were regularly found in the lateral funiculus and in the intermediate area of the ipsilateral spinal cord. They were concentrated in different nuclei: nuclei intermediolateralis pars principalis (IMLp) and pars funicularis (IMLf), nucleus intercalatus (IC) and medially near the central channel. Inconsistently, some PSN were observed in the ventral horn. Dendrites extending over a few soma were found in nearly all PSN, thus allowing description of the main dendritic projections of the preganglionic nuclei. Sometimes axons of IMLp and IC neurons could be traced into the ventral roots. In the IMLp the PSN were arranged in round clusters (up to 30 cells), which regularly followed each other in rostrocaudal direction. These clusters increased their mediolateral diameter from L1 to L4. Many cells distributed their dendrites longitudinally within the IMLp, but dendritic projections into the dorsal horn, the intermediate area and into the lateral funiculus were also frequently observed. The IMLf consisted of a few PSN only. These neurons were located in the tissue spaces between axon bundles and mediolaterally arranged, pointing towards the IMLp. The PSN of the IC were mediolaterally oriented and arranged in transverse bands extending from the lateral horn to the dorsal aspects of the central channel. All cells had mediolaterally oriented dendrites which sometimes crossed the spinal cord midline in case of the medially located neurons. The dendrites of the laterally located cells projected very often into the dorsal horn. In the medial region the PSN covered a narrow area extending from the dorsal aspects of the central channel in a ventrolateral direction up to the level of the ventral commissure. The neurons were localized in clusters and mediolaterally or longitudinally oriented. Dense clusters consisting of round cells were prevalent in the ventrolateral position. The dendrites had a rostrocaudal and mediolateral orientation and, in case of the dorsomedially located cells, sometimes crossed the spinal cord midline. The main dendritic projection areas of the different preganglionic nuclei have been compared with the location of the terminal fields of descending supraspinal and propriospinal systems and of primary afferents. It has been considered that this structural arrangement would allow for intricate interaction of the various systems with subpopulations of PSN. Thus each preganglionic nucleus might integrate specific neuronal information. PMID- 7276431 TI - Organization of the sympathetic innervation supplying the hairless skin of the cat's paw. AB - The sympathetic outflow supplying the hairless skin of the cat's hind paw has been analyzed in brain-intact and chronic low spinal animals. For this purpose the activity of postganglionic axons in fascicles of the medial plantar nerve which innervate the central pad and the respective responses of the target organs (transient skin potentials, skin temperature) have been recorded. (1) Blood vessels and sweat glands in the hairless skin of the cat's hind paw are under efferent control of vasoconstrictor neurons, sudomotor neurons, and possibly vasodilatator neurons. (2) Vasoconstrictor neurons are largely under inhibitory control of various afferent input systems from the body surface and from the internal milieu, and sudomotor neurons under excitatory control in brain-intact as well as in chronic spinal cats. (3) The basic neuronal network or "machinery" for the this reciprocal organization is probably located in the spinal cord. (4) Effects of anesthetics on the sudomotor reflexes indicate that this spinal neuronal organization is controlled in a complex manner by descending spinal systems from the brain stem. (5) The existence of vasodilatator neurons, a third efferent control system supplying the hairless skin, which can only be activated by spinal cord warming in brain-intact as well as in chronic spinal cats is not very well established. Neurons with this property are rare and it is unclear whether they course through the sympathetic trunk or dorsal roots or through both. The axons of these neurons are unmyelinated. (6) The organization of the neuronal control of vessels and sweat glands in the hairless skin may be a paradigmatic model for studying the respective neuronal organization in the spinal cord and its descending control. PMID- 7276432 TI - Functions of afferents in cardiovascular sympathetic nerves. AB - This paper contains data and discussion of the role of afferents in the sympathetic trunks from the cardiovascular complex that evoke autonomic reflex action. A description is given of these cardiovascular reflexes induced by afferents of the sympathetic trunks in neurally intact as well as spinal animals. A positive feedback hypothesis is also proposed. PMID- 7276433 TI - Renal chemoreceptors. AB - A study of the renal receptors and types of stimuli which give origin to supraspinal and spinal-mediated autonomic reflexes is presented. Multiunit and single unit recordings from the afferent renal nerves of male Sprague-Dawley rats have revealed two groups of renal chemosensitive receptors (chemoreceptors). These we have called renal R1 and R2 "chemoceptive" receptors. R1 receptors do not have a resting discharge but are activated after 38.7 +/- 3.3 (S.E) sec (n = 40) of complete renal ischemia (occlusion of the renal artery). Other activating stimuli are associated with a marked impairment in renal blood flow (prolonged occlusion of the renal vein and the hypotension of systemic asphyxia or hemorrhage). Their discharge is characterized by trains of impulses which cease abruptly upon re-entry of blood into the kidney. They are not responsive to increases or decreases in renal perfusion pressure or to increases in renal venous or ureteral pressure. In contrast, R2 receptors have a resting discharge and respond vigorously to backflow of normal urine (nondiuretic) into the renal pelvis. The results of the backflow into the pelvis of different test solutions (diuretic and nondiuretic urine, 1 M urea, 1 M mannitol and solutions of NaCl and KCl) indicate that this response is dependent upon the composition of the fluid bathing the renal pelvis rather than the increase in pelvic pressure or pelvic distension. The resting discharge rate is highest in nondiuretic conditions and declines substantially after diuresis is induced by extracellular volume expansion. R2 receptors are also activated by renal ischemia produced by clamping the renal artery. It is concluded that these two groups of afferent sensory units are renal chemosensitive receptors, (chemoreceptors) which respond to the chemical environment of renal interstitium. PMID- 7276434 TI - Cardiac sympathetic afferent influences on renal nerve activity. AB - Afferent neurons contained within cardiac sympathetic nerves can have excitatory influences on central sympathetic outflow. The normal or pathological circumstances during which such excitatory reflexes occur are not well understood. The purpose of this research was to investigate the possibility that cardiac sympathetic afferent neurons make a significant contribution to cardiovascular control during myocardial ischemia. Afferent influences on renal nerve activity were characterized during occlusion of coronary arteries and in response to chemical stimulation of cardiac receptors by bradykinin. Reflexes were investigated in chloralose-anesthetized cats in which arterial baroreceptors had been denervated. In vagotomized cats afferent stimulation by coronary occlusion or by bradykinin caused significant increases in renal nerve activity. When vagi remained intact, coronary occlusion or epicardially applied bradykinin caused increases, decreases biphasic responses or no significant change in renal nerve activity. Thus, excitatory reflexes could be initiated by the sympathetic afferent neurons in some cats despite simultaneous vagal afferent stimulation. The responses to chemical stimulation followed the same pattern as those to coronary occlusion suggesting that a component of the afferent stimulus during ischemia may be chemical in nature. Finally, the central pathways mediating these excitatory reflexes were investigated by comparing responses to epicardially applied bradykinin in vagotomized cats prior to and following high cervical spinal cord transection or midcollicular decerebration. Excitation of renal nerve activity by this chemical afferent stimulation was reduced but still present in spinalized cats and unchanged in decerebrate cats. Thus spinal pathways may mediate at least a component of these excitatory reflexes but forebrain regions are not essential to their initiation. In summary, these findings are consistent with the contentions that: (1) cardiac sympathetic afferent neurons may initiate significant excitatory reflexes during myocardial ischemia; (2) such reflexes may be due, in part, to chemical stimulation of cardiac receptors; and (3) these reflexes can be mediated partially by spinal pathways. PMID- 7276435 TI - Descending pathways to sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. AB - In this review a summary of some of the neural pathways that appear to be involved in central cardiovascular control is given. The efferent connections of the nucleus tractus solitarius are described. Particular emphasis is placed on those projections that go to nuclei that have direct connections with the intermediolateral cell column (viz. paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, A5 catecholamine cell group, the chemosensitive region of the ventral medulla, and possibly the region of the A1 catecholamine cell group). In addition, some fo these nuclei also have direct or indirect connections with the paraventricular and/or supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei. This suggests that some of the pathways that project to the cardiovascular preganglionic neurons may also influence the release of vasopressin. PMID- 7276436 TI - Respiratory modulation of afferent terminal excitability in the nucleus tractus solitarius. AB - The excitability of vagal and carotid sinus nerve afferent terminals within the nucleus of the tractus solitarius has been studied in cats and rabbits using the technique of antidromic activation. Although the excitability of superior laryngeal nerve afferent terminals was observed to fluctuate in phase with the central respiratory cycle, no equivalent variations in sinus nerve terminal excitability were observed. Whilst recording from single identified vagal afferents, no respiratory-related changes in the excitability of baroreceptor afferent terminals could be demonstrated, though such modifications in terminal excitability were readily seen in lung stretch afferent terminals. PMID- 7276437 TI - Projections from buffer nerves to the nucleus of the solitary tract: an anatomical and electrophysiological study in the cat. AB - The projections of aorta depressor (ADN) and carotid sinus (CSN) afferent fibers to the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract were studied in the cat with the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique and by recording single unit activity during electrical stimulation of these nerves. In the first series of experiments, after application of crystalline HRP to the proximal cut end of either buffer nerve and a postoperative survival period of 24 120 h, brain stem sections were processed according to the tetramethyl benzidine method. ADN and CSN labeling were found bilaterally, with a predominant ipsilateral labeling, in the medial (Sm), lateral (Slt), commissural (Com) and dorsomedial aspect of the parvocellular solitary nuclei. Additional CSN labeling was found in the ventrolateral and intermediate (Int) solitary nuclei, in the reticular formation ventrolateral to the solitary complex and along the dorsal border of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. In the second series of experiments these areas receiving primary afferent fibers were explored for single units responding to stimulation for the buffer nerves in chloralosed cats, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. Of 177 responsive units, 80 responded only to stimulation of the CSN, 44 only to the ADN and 53 to both nerves. Responsive units were found throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the solitary complex and areas adjacent to the solitary complex. However, most of the units were found in 3 regions: the Sm, Slt and adjacent areas. Units in the Slt and Com were found to respond to only one input, either the CSN or the ADN alone. On the other hand, units in the Int responded only to both buffer nerves and not selectively to one nerve. These results demonstrate that the CSN has a wider distribution in the solitary complex than the ADN and that second order neurons in the solitary complex receive inputs from either one or both buffer nerves, suggesting a degree of separation of central pathways carrying cardiovascular afferent information. PMID- 7276438 TI - Renal afferent nerves affect discharge rate of medullary and hypothalamic single units in the cat. PMID- 7276439 TI - Problems associated with the identification of brain stem neurons responsible for sympathetic nerve discharge. AB - A study of the role of lower brain stem neurons generating sympathetic nerve discharge and reactions. A discussion of the problem and requirements for its resolution is followed by a description of approaches made and discussion of reported findings as well as new observations. There is a discussion of the possible origin of respiratory linked rhythms in sympathetic nerve discharge. Spike-triggered averaging was used to relate medullary neuron and inferior cardiac sympathetic nerve discharge under varying external and internal circumstance. Data obtained indicate that it is possible to identify and distinguish reticular neurons which govern sympathetic nerve discharge from other functional types. PMID- 7276440 TI - Sympathetic rhythms in spinal cats. AB - Simultaneous recordings from preganglionic sympathetic nerves at different spinal levels, cervical sympathetic and greater splanchnic, reveal the presence of common periodicities as shown by cross-correlation and power spectral analysis; the major types of periodicities are cardiac, respiratory and 10/sec rhythm. These common periodicities could be explained in two ways: (1) there are common periodic inputs to the two types of preganglionic neurons; and (2) there are feedback connections in the spinal cord between the two groups of neurons. To distinguish between these two possibilities, spinal cord transections at C2-C3 were performed on decerebrate unanesthetized cats; recordings were then taken at hourly intervals for more than 12 h, during which time activity gradually increased but still remained small compared to pre-section levels. This low level activity showed no sign of periodicity. Asphyxia of sufficient duration produced increased activity in sympathetic nerves. Splanchnic activity during asphyxia had 2-3/sec oscillations; but the cross-correlation histograms (CCHs) of cervical sympathetic and splanchnic activity were almost flat. Strychnine excited spinal cord neurons more effectively than asphyxia; the CCHs showed locking of activity in phrenic, cervical sympathetic and splanchnic nerves on a slow time-scale (1-5 sec), but no appreciable locking of cervical sympathetic and splanchnic activity on a faster time-scale (100-500 msec) such as occurs in the intact animal. Thus, while there can be oscillation of sympathetic activity at the spinal cord level, the normally occurring synchrony of oscillations between different segmental levels is dependent on inputs from the brain stem. PMID- 7276441 TI - Organization and reflex control of vagal cardiomotor neurons. AB - The anatomical and functional organization of cardiac vagal preganglionic somata and the organization of ascending spinal pathways regulating the cell bodies were studies in the dog and cat. Horseradish peroxidase was injected subepicardially in cats after left or right cervical vagotomy to retrogradely label cardiomotor neurons. Somata were ipsilateral to the intact vagus in the dorsal motor nucleus (DMN) of the vagus, the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and an intermediate zone (IZ) between the DMN and NA. The NA contained the maximum number of cell bodies (72%) while successively fewer somata were located in the DMN (19%) and IZ (9%). NA somata were heterogeneously distributed along the longitudinal neuroaxis while DMN and IA somata were homogeneously distributed. Cell bodies of the NA were larger than those of the DMN and IZ. To investigate the possibility that the NA and DMN regulate different cardiac functions, ventricular contractility (LV dP/dt) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in beta-blocked cats during NA and DMN stimulation with and without cardiac pacing. DMN stimulation produced decreases in LV dP/dt but no HR changes, while NA stimulation produced decreases in HR and increases in LV dP/dt. Since cardiac pacing eliminated the LV dP/dt increase, the contractility response was secondary to the bradycardia. Thus, cardiac vagal somata are organized for differential cardiac control. Ascending spinal pathways affecting vagal control of the heart were identified in beta-blocked cats by comparing cardiac responses to nerve stimulation before and after making spinal lesions. The carotid sinus nerve was stimulated to elevate cardiac vagal activity. Somatic afferent stimulation inhibited the negative chronotropic and inotropic responses produced by carotid sinus stimulation. Bilateral lesions placed in the dorsolateral sulcus area abolished the effects of somatic afferent stimulation. Thus, an ascending pathway regulating somata of the DMN and NA is located bilaterally in the dorsolateral sulcus. Similar studies in the dog suggested the pathway extends into the dorsolateral funiculus as well. PMID- 7276442 TI - Brain stem localization of vagal preganglionic neurons. AB - The central distribution of vagal preganglionic neurons has been examined using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In 27 adult cats, the entire vagus nerve was exposed to HRP. In 13 other cats we examined the brain stem following microinjections of HRP (10 microliter) into individual visceral organs - lung, heart and stomach. Comparison of individual cases led to the conclusion that different patterns exist for each visceral organ. The preganglionic (parasympathetic) innervation of the entire vagus nerve arises from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (dmnX), nucleus ambiguus (nA), nucleus retroambigualis (nRA), nucleus dorso-medialis (ndm), spinal nucleus of the accessory (nspA) and from the reticular formation between the dmnX and nA. Axons arising from the nA do not traverse the medulla laterally; rather they are initially directed dorso-medially toward the dmnX where they bend at right angles and accompany axons of neurons in the dmnX. The motor nuclei innervating the lungs, heart and stomach are dmnX, the nA and nRA: the dmnX contributes fibers to the heart, lungs and stomach from a region of 10 mm of medulla rostrocaudally; the nA contributes efferents to the 3 viscera studied from the entire 6 mm contributing vagal efferents; the nRA contributes efferents to the stomach in addition to providing innervation to the larynx and trachea (see 19). The area postrema (ap) receives afferent input from the lungs, heart and stomach, as indicated by extraperikaryal grains of HRP reaction product resulting from transganglionically transported HRP (through the ganglion nodosum). Sensory terminal labeling in the various subnuclei of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (nTS) was also examined and it was found that no specific region of the medulla is devoted to receiving input from any one visceral organ; rather the rostro-caudal extent of vagal afferent terminals in the medulla spans the entire length of the medulla. Differences between the central representation of different viscera seemed to lie within the organization of the nuclear subgroups of the nTS. PMID- 7276444 TI - Effects of noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons on blood pressure, heart rate and baroreceptor-heart rate reflex of the conscious rabbit. AB - The acute and chronic effects of intracisternal (i.c.) 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, and baroreceptor-heart rate reflex properties were examined in conscious rabbits. The reflex was studied by deriving MAP-heart period (HP, pulse interval) curves. The acute effects occurring over the first few hours were due to release of transmitter (noradrenaline after 6-OHDA; serotonin after 5,6-DHT) from specific synaptic sites; the changes on day 14 were due to destruction of specific neurons. Noradrenergic bulbar neurons facilitate vagal heart rate motoneurons and serotonergic neurons have an inhibitory effect. Noradrenergic bulbospinal pathways have a depressor effect on MAP and serotonergic bulbospinal activity increases MAP. These effects on heart rate and MAP were mediated through independent parallel pathways. The acute circulatory changes due to each neurotoxin also included a long latency pressor component, which was mediated through a pathway where a serotonergic neuron was in series with a noradrenergic neuron which sends fibers to a suprapontine pressor site. There were no chronic changes in resting MAP or heart rate, but chronic changes in reflex HP range and gain were opposite to the acute effects of transmitter release. These findings indicate that noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons normally participate in the central baroreceptor-heart rate reflex pathways of the intact animal. PMID- 7276445 TI - Introduction: control of the autonomic nervous system and the multiple integrative roles it plays in regulating cardiovascular functions. AB - Interest in the control and action of the autonomic nervous system on cardiovascular system function has waxed and waned over the years [3]. At present it has reached a new intensity. Old concepts are being reinvestigated and new fields are being explored. As is usually the case in physiology, many are following a reductionist approach and studying the minutia of structure and function of autonomic neurons and neuron complexes. Others are approaching the totality and dealing with the autonomically controlled cardiovascular components of reactions and behavior. The topics chosen for discussion in this symposium are representative of those under intensive consideration at the present time. PMID- 7276443 TI - Cardiovascular changes during arousal elicited by stimulation of amygdala, hypothalamus and locus coeruleus. AB - Experiments were performed in chronically operated cats first awake and thereafter anesthetized with pentobarbitone, 16-20 mg/kg i.v. Stimulation of the central amygdala in awake cats elicited an arousal reaction seen in cortical and hippocampal EEG, and in muscle activity of dorsal neck muscles. Concomitantly therewith were autonomic system reactions resulting in a decrease in aortic blood flow distal to the renal arteries, an increase in arterial blood pressure, a tachycardia during, and a short-lasting bradycardia at the end of stimulation. In slightly anesthetized cats the cardiovascular reactions were found to be qualitatively similar. If the postero-lateral hypothalamus or the locus coeruleus complex were stimulated in cats first awake and thereafter anesthetized, similar arousal reactions and similar cardiovascular changes were obtained as with amygdaloid stimulations. However, the onset and magnitude of the response were more abrupt and more marked than those obtained by amygdaloid stimulations. Recordings of single unit activity within the central amygdala during spontaneously occurring changes in the level of arousal showed that amygdaloid units (n = 10) discharged at a rate of 7-14 impulses/sec during wakefulness whereas during slow wave sleep (n = 5) the discharge was only 2-9 impulses/sec. The hypothesis is put forward that the amygdala integrates behavioral and cardiovascular changes during arousal. PMID- 7276448 TI - Organization of cardiovascular functions under experimental emotional stress. AB - The cardiovascular reactions to experimentally produced emotional stress were studied. Stress was produced by restraint and/or electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic defense area in mobile or immobilized animals (rats and rabbits). It was found that some strains and individuals were quite resistant to these forms of stress manifesting little if any cardiovascular disturbances. Others showed early rises in heart rate, blood pressure, etc. but soon adapted and suffered no severe damage. A third category was comprised of sensitive strains and individuals which when thus exposed to stress developed hypertension, cardiac failure and some even failed to survive the test experience. These observations, those of others working in this field, and the implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7276447 TI - Central control and interactions affecting sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. AB - Current thinking concerning the central control of the autonomic nervous system and the central interactions affecting sympathetic and parasympathetic activity is presented. Among the questions discussed are the following: are there neurons within the common brain stem system which exert an influence on preganglionic parasympathetic neurons and can they be differentiated from neurons which affect sympathetic preganglionic neuron functions? What interactions occur between sympathetic and parasympathetic tone-mediating neurons? In discussing these problems information is presented as obtained by recording from reticular formation (RF) neurons with discharge patterns similar to efferent parasympathetic activity. The general conclusion reached is that there is a common central control; interactions occur in the brain stem as well as peripherally; depending on the functional situation, these two systems can be organized to act either reciprocally or non-reciprocally. PMID- 7276446 TI - Cardiovascular reflexes and interrelationships between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. AB - Simultaneous recordings from vagal and sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the heart have enabled us to study relationships between activity in these two autonomic nerves. Our recent studies, as well as those of others, are reviewed with respect to tonic activity and reflex actions in these two autonomic efferents. Discharges of the two nerves in relation to blood pressure pulses and to respiratory cycles are reciprocal. During slower fluctuations of hemodynamic changes which occur spontaneously, such as during Mayer waves, a reciprocal relationship between activity in the two autonomic nerves is also observed. On the other hand, in reflex responses both reciprocal and non-reciprocal patterns of reactions produced by stimulations of the hypothalamus showed varied relationships between responses in the two autonomic outflows. The functional significance of the interrelationships of the activity pattern observed in vagal and sympathetic nerves is discussed with respect to control of cardiac functions. PMID- 7276449 TI - Interactions between intracranial electrical self-stimulation behavior and cardiovascular responses. AB - Interactions between electrical self-stimulating behavior, cardiovascular state and reactions were studied in a series of chronically prepared cats. Pressor responses were found to be the most common cardiovascular concomitants of intracranial electrical self-stimulating behavior in cats. The lever-pressing rate for brain stimulation decreased under the effect of both dibenzyline, an adrenergic blocking agent, and local anesthesia of the cervical vago-sympathetic trunk by procaine. Bilateral vagotomy resulted in an acceleration in lever pressing responses. The depression and the acceleration in the lever-pressing for brain stimulation were associated with an increase and a decrease in pulse pressure, respectively. It is suggested that peripheral autonomic modifications exert a regulatory feedback effect on the rewarding property of brain stimulation. PMID- 7276452 TI - Subtalar dislocations. AB - Severe plantarflexion of the foot associated with adduction and supination resulted in medial subtalar dislocation in three patients. Closed manipulation in two patients and open reduction in one restored normal anatomy of the foot, with no complications in a follow-up of 1 to 2 years. PMID- 7276451 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma as a complication of chronic osteomyelitis. AB - In summary, the foot is generally not a common site for the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma. However, since the foot may more frequently be the site of osteomyelitis, one must not ignore the possibility of a squamous cell carcinoma developing as a secondary complication of a chronic draining osteomyelitic sinus. In recent years antibiotics have greatly decreased the incidence of chronic osteomyelitis, but have not proved to be the sole answer to bone infections. In treating recalcitrant ulcers of unknown etiology that have not responded to conventional modes of therapy, malignancy must be ruled out, especially in light of a foul odor, enlarging mass, increasing pain, and bleeding or radiographic evidence of increased bone destruction. Early roentgenographic examination may be the key factor in determining whether the squamous cell carcinoma is, in fact, a primary lesion or rather a secondary complication of chronic osteomyelitis. The destruction of bone in squamous cell carcinoma secondary to osteomyelitis is due largely to bacterial infection rather than neoplastic invasion (17). Invading bacteria are thought to break down the natural barriers and allow the neoplasm to enter as a secondary invader; necrotic bone is then replaced by neoplastic bone (4). It is impossible to differentiate grossly or roentgenographically between necrotic bone due to infection and neoplastic bone due to malignancy. Therefore it is imperative that these lesions be biopsied to insure accurate diagnosis and adequate therapy and follow-up. PMID- 7276450 TI - A clinical evaluation of the total first metatarsophalangeal joint prosthesis: the use of footprints in assessing foot contact. AB - The use of footprints in evaluating surgical results is most significant to the physician. This clinical investigation consisted of patients whose surgical correction of severe hallux valgus included the use of the Swanson-total great toe hinged prosthesis. The resulting failure of weightbearing by the great toe pulp postoperatively were found to be associated with excessive weightbearing by the lesser metatarsal heads, evidenced by discrete keratomas, a relative lesser metatarsalgia, and footprinting analysis. In conclusion, we believe that there is a definite relationship between the lack of weightbearing under the first ray and the instability of the first metatarsophalangeal musculoligamentous structures. This was found to be influenced by metatarsal protusion and first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion. The possibility also exists that the intrinsic property of silicone played a role in failure of great toe weight bearing. It is our belief that the Swanson-total is truly and mainly a joint spacer that relieves pain associated with first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrosis. The possibility exists that when using the Swanson-total with a short first metatarsal protrusion it may be necessary to perform shortening osteotomies on the appropriate lesser metatarsals. This redesigning of the metatarsal parabola could restore a normal forefoot weight-bearing pattern and minimize postoperative complications. Further research on this matter is in the planning stages. PMID- 7276453 TI - Complications of Keller bunionectomy and Keller with Swanson hemi-implant. AB - The authors compare results of hallux valgus correction by the Keller bunionectomy and by the Swanson hemi-implant. The Keller bunionectomy, which is simple to perform and usually gives a satisfactory cosmetic result, is still commonly used although many authors believe that implant arthroplasty is now the procedure of choice. The primary cause of complications seen after the Keller bunionectomy is lack of stability, whereas the largest cause of failure in implant arthroplasty is probably infection. PMID- 7276454 TI - Congenital polydactyly and polymetatarsalia: classification, genetics, and surgical correction. AB - Polydactyly, one of the most common congenital deformities, is inherited and often several members of a family are affected. The condition may range from a small amount of additional soft tissue without osseous structure to a complete, fully developed extra digit or digits. The primary treatment is surgical removal. In this paper, the authors review and discuss the genetic basis, classification, and surgical correction of the conditions. PMID- 7276455 TI - Pes cavus: the deformity and its etiology. AB - Pes cavus is present when the forefoot is in a plantarflexed position in relation to the rearfoot. In the majority of patients, the deformity is caused by a neurologic disorder; however, the condition may also result from infection or trauma. It is necessary to determine the etiology in order to plan effective treatment. PMID- 7276456 TI - Percutaneous osteoclasp fixation of akin osteotomy: an alternative fixation technique. AB - An alternative method of fixating the Akin osteotomy which accomplishes compression osteosynthesis, maintenance of alignment, early ambulation in a rigid sole postoperative shoe, and the added advantage of early, complete removal of the fixation device without anesthesia is presented. PMID- 7276457 TI - Acute gouty arthritis in a first metatarsophalangeal joint replaced with a flexible-hinge implant: a case report. AB - Use of the flexible-hinge, double-stemmed implant has eliminated many of the complications that followed correction of an arthritic first metatarsophalangeal joint caused by hallux valgus. There were no reports in the literature of acute gout after this type of correction. The authors present such a case in a patient with a history of gout, and they suggest that, when a synovectomy is performed in a patient with gouty arthritis, the joint should be freed of synovial tissue in which a uric acid crystal-induced synovitis could occur. PMID- 7276458 TI - Functional and surgical anatomy of the lateral ankle. AB - Inversion ankle injuries resulting in soft tissue injury or various types of fractures are seen frequently by podiatrists, and diagnosis and evaluation of treatment require a thorough knowledge and understanding of the anatomy of the area. In this paper, the authors approach the anatomy from the point of view of surgical dissection, with emphasis on the soft tissue structures. X PMID- 7276459 TI - Principles of pediatric anesthesia. PMID- 7276461 TI - Pituitary, thyroid and adrenal responses to clonidine in dairy cattle. AB - Clonidine, 2-(2,6-dichlorophenylamine)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride is an alpha - adrenoceptor stimulant. This drug was used to help define the neuroendocrine control of pituitary, thyroid and adrenal gland hormone release in cattle. Clonidine significantly increased radioimmunoassayable concentrations of serum GH, when infused iv into Holstein heifers at a dose of 20 microgram/kg body weight. Serum concentrations of GH were elevated within 5 min after drug infusion. A peak in GH was reached in sera 10 min after drug infusion. A pronounced and significant elevation in serum PRL concentrations were observed 45 min after 2 microgram/kg clonidine. PRL remained elevated until reaching baseline concentrations 150 min after infusion. Serum concentrations of thyroid hormones were not affected by the drug. Clonidine elevated serum concentrations of cortisol; peak concentrations occurring from 45 to 90 min after drug infusion. Clonidine had no significant effect on circulating concentrations of LH. These data suggest that secretion of GH, but not that of LH nor TSH, in cattle may be modulated by noradrenergic receptors. PMID- 7276460 TI - Open reduction of fracture with unusual healing. PMID- 7276463 TI - Abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone following pituitary surgery. AB - Biologically inactive thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) has been reported in hypothyroid patients. We report the first case of immunoreactive, but abnormal TSH in a euthyroid patient following hypophysectomy for a prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma. Indirect evidence indicates that this abnormal TSH was biologically inactive. The TSH was characterized by gel chromatography and has a molecular weight of approximately 23,000 daltons. PMID- 7276462 TI - Corticosterone catabolism by mouse liver homogenate: strain difference in dependence on added NADP. AB - The C57BL/10ScSn and DBA/2J strains of mice differed in the rate at which corticosterone was reductively catabolised by liver homogenates when the animals had been fed a diet low in fat. The addition of an NADPH generating system to the homogenates increased the catabolism of corticosterone. Its greatest effect was on the homogenates from DBA mice given a fat-free diet and its least effect on those from C57 mice fed a standard diet. The addition of NADP was similar in its effect to the addition of the complete NADPH generating system. Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase stimulated corticosterone breakdown only in homogenates from C57 mice on the standard diet. The addition of glucose-6-phosphate had no effect. NADP was the only effective stimulator of corticosterone reduction in homogenates from CBA/FaCam mice. PMID- 7276465 TI - [Anatomical measurements during fetal growth of the kidney. Its value for the ultrasonographer and the anatomo-pathologist (author's transl)]. AB - The rate of growth of the kidneys was analysed by examining 390 anatomical specimens that had been taken from premature babies or stillbirths at term, or had been carefully selected. The gestational ages ranged from 26 to 41 weeks of amenorrhoea. Statistical analysis of the results has led to the ability to establish significant correlations between the length of the fetus and its weight and relationship to the growth in weight, and throughout the three dimensions of fetal kidneys. Some measurements have been made on 8 fetuses between 14 and 24 weeks. The comparison of the numerical figures that have been obtained with the histological appearances has made it possible to work out the steps of the development of the kidney in utero. This organ, even in the case of a small-for dates fetus, is good evidence of the gestational age of the fetus. By collecting all these observations together they could contribute to a better appreciation of the growth of the kidney viewed by ultrasound and to quantifying better the pathological abnormalities that can occur during its development. PMID- 7276464 TI - [Behavior of an intra-uterine device in the abdomen of animals (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have carried out an experimental study on the reaction of an animal's organism to the presence of an open copper intra-uterine device when placed in the abdomen. The study was carried out on two groups each of 10 rabbits and two bitches. The intra-uterine device was placed in the pouch of Douglas by laparotomy, directly in one group and after contamination with genital secretions in the other. The state of the animals was checked six weeks after the initial laparotomy. Trauma caused by the operation was minimal because there were no adhesions found on the parietal peritoneum. On the other hand in experimental conditions that are very similar to those found when an intra-uterine device goes through the uterus in a human subject and involves contamination with genital secretions, in 50 per cent of cases the intra-uterine device migrated within the abdominal cavity. It was picked up by the omentum and this underwent such a strong fibrous reaction that it brought about multiple intestinal adhesions. Though the authors admit that experimental results in animals cannot be extrapolated to women, they believe that these results should be taken into consideration and that it would be imprudent to leave an intra-uterine device in the abdomen in a woman when there is proof that it has migrated, because there would then be a major risk of intestinal obstruction due to an adhesion that as formed a band. PMID- 7276466 TI - [Recovery of preovulatory human oocytes (author's transl)]. AB - Rapid radio-immune assaying of LH was carried out four times daily on 52 women in the preovulatory phase of the cycle. This method enables the precise detection of the LH surge and recovery of the mature oocyte by laparoscopic aspiration of the follicular content, just before ovulation, which is between 28 and 36 hours after the start of the LH surge. The oocytes was recovered in 27 out of 41 patients with a normal cycle (66%). The rate of recovery per follicle aspirated is comparable in a natural cycle to that after treatment with Clomid (80 to 84%). PMID- 7276467 TI - [Male sterility and the karyotype. A study of 153 cases (author's transl)]. AB - 29 cases out of 153 men who come for primary sterility with no history of previous abortions showed a chromosome abnormality. These chromosome abnormalities were found associated with teratospermia, in the case of autosome translocations, affecting above all the head of the spermatozoid. The interrelationship of sterility with chromosome abnormalities and teratospermia is discussed. PMID- 7276468 TI - [The interpretation of athenospermia as a function of the parameters in a spermogram (author's transl)]. AB - The study of spermiograms, conducted on patients consulting for sterility, showed relationships between motility and other variable factors of the sperm. Testicular and prostatic factors are involved in immediate asthenospermia, whereas factors are involved in secondary asthenospermia. PMID- 7276469 TI - [The risk of thrombo-embolism in pregnancy and in the post-partum period. A review of 28,828 pregnancies (author's transl)]. AB - Looking through a retrospective study of 28,828 deliveries the authors have been able to work out the frequency of thrombo-embolic complications of pregnancy (1 per 1000) and of the post-partum (3.95 per 1000). It is possible to point to different risk factors. Some are well known, these are varicose veins, Caesarean section, maternal age above 35. Other factors that are usually considered to be aetiological now appear to be less significant. These are: a history of previous thrombo-embolic conditions and post-partum sterilization. To be added to the classic risk factors are inhibition of lactation which, whatever procedure is used, significantly raises the incidence of thrombo-embolic complications. It would seem to be desirable, in view of these different parameters, that a risk score should be drawn up which would allow for medical treatment to be given prophylactically in the patients who are particularly exposed to risk. PMID- 7276470 TI - [The treatment of certain cases of sterility of infertility associated with an abnormal rise in urinary 17-ketosteroids by using cortisone derivatives (author's transl)]. AB - 45 women who were infertile with primary or secondary infertility were studied. The only abnormality that was found was biological, and it was a 24-hour excretion of urinary 17-ketosteroids higher than 35 micromoles. Treatment with cortisone derivatives resulted in 56 pregnancies, which were studied to their term whether it was abortion or delivery. The theoretical and practical aspects, as well as the diagnoses and treatments, are discussed. PMID- 7276471 TI - [The prognosis of myelomeningoceles (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276472 TI - [The use of F2 alpha prostaglandins by extra-amniotic instillation for the sake of planning the timing of deliveries (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on the study of 82 labours which were induced by local intra cervical administration of prostaglandin and show the new possibilities that are opened up by using this technique in order to plan the work of an obstetric department. Induction in this way is really efficacious, and the labour that is the result is comparable to spontaneous labours. There was no pathological complication from the induction with the exception of a few incidents that will be avoided when the technique has been worked out a little more thoroughly. PMID- 7276474 TI - Trapeziometacarpal arthritis-results of tendon interpositional arthroplasty. PMID- 7276473 TI - Centralization of the radial club hand: an ulnar surgical approach. PMID- 7276475 TI - Irreducible radiocarpal fracture-dislocation and radioulnar dissociation with entrapment of the ulnar nerve, artery and flexor profundus II-V-case report. PMID- 7276476 TI - Confirmation of differential loading of lateral and central fibers of the extensor tendon. AB - A measurement technique was developed that enabled us to separate (and exclude) the effects of all viscoelastic moments from that produced by the extensor tendon itself. Knowing this moment at various joint positions allowed us to calculate the effective extensor moment arm at the proximal interphalangeal joint. Measurements made on lateral films enabled us to show which fibers of the extensor complex were tensed at various positions of the joint. The results obtained on three fresh cadaver long fingers confirmed the findings of Sarrafian that in the flexed position, the most central fibers are tensed; whereas, in the extended position, the lateral fibers are tensed. PMID- 7276478 TI - Subcutaneous implantation of magnets in fingertips of professional gamblers-case report. PMID- 7276477 TI - Acute gonococcal flexor tenosynovitis- case report and literature review. PMID- 7276479 TI - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the forearm-two cases treated by free vascularized fibular graft. PMID- 7276481 TI - Detailed anatomy of the extensor mechanism at the proximal aspect of the finger. AB - To explain the unique action of the lateral bands during flexion and extension of the finger, a study was undertaken to examine the extensor mechanism at the level of the proximal interphalangeal joint. The study was carried out in three stages histologic, anatomic, and dynamic. The histologic sections showed no elastic tissue present to account for the expansile and contractile movement of the lateral bands. The anatomic and dynamic studies showed that the extensor mechanism at the level of the proximal aspect of the finger was composed of an intricate, layered, crisscross fiber pattern which altered its geometric arrangement as the finger was flexed and extended. It is our opinion that the action of the crisscross fibers may govern both the action and degree of displacement of the lateral bands during flexion and extension of the finger. PMID- 7276480 TI - A study of Dupuytren's tissue with the scanning electron microscope. AB - This study was designed to determine if structural changes in the palmar fascia in Dupuytren's disease, as viewed by the scanning electron microscope, might provide some information about the pathogenesis of this disease. The palmar fascia from seven uninvolved hands and from 21 patients with Dupuytren's disease was examined. There were distinct differences between normal and diseased collagen. The diseased tissue showed collagen that was more tightly bound and had a shorter wave pattern. In the Dupuytren's tissue the waves were frequently in a helix, but this was never seen in the normal tissue. The most striking differences were noted in the nodule, presumably because it appears first, followed by the cord proximal to the nodule (pretendinous cord). Similar but less obvious changes were noted in the cord distal to the nodule (central cord) presumably because it is last to form. These observations suggest a mechanism of contraction. The short wave length and helix formation of the collagen indicate shortening. If the concept of the myofibroblast as a contractile cell is accepted, the contraction of these cells in stepwise fashion could produce the changes in the structure of the collagen that have been observed and result in joint contracture. PMID- 7276482 TI - A work simulator for rehabilitating the upper extremity-preliminary report. AB - A work simulator is an electromechanical device used for rehabilitation of the upper extremity. Various tools have been designed to simulate the basic motions required of the upper extremity in the activities of daily living and most occupations. Provision has been made for varying levels of resistance to interchangeable tools for exercise and to allow evaluation of the patient's functional ability. Printed documentation is produced for each therapy session. Clinical use for a period of 20 months with 223 patients indicates that patients realize significant improvement in function and the ability to return to productive employment. PMID- 7276483 TI - Treatment of fifth digit carpometacarpal arthritis with Silastic prosthesis. PMID- 7276484 TI - Ulnar midcarpal instability-clinical and laboratory analysis. AB - Patients with ulnar midcarpal instability have a characteristic pattern of clinical signs and symptoms related to the midcarpal joint. The usual presenting complaint is a painful wrist click which can be reproduced by ulnar deviation, axial compression, and pronation of the wrist. Routine x-rays are usually normal, but cinefluoroscopy reveals sudden dissociation between the proximal and distal carpal rows resulting in a dorsiflexion collapse deformity. In six of our patients, conservative therapy sufficed to relieve symptoms. Four other patients required surgical stabilization. We close to stabilize the triquetrohamate joint because it was a relatively easy procedure and eliminated instability in most instances. Laboratory studies aided in understanding the pathomechanics of midcarpal instability, which consisted of dorsal subluxation of the capitate and hamate on the lunate and triquetrum. We believe that midcarpal instability is not a rare condition but may often be confused clinically with more common carpal dissociations. PMID- 7276485 TI - Entrapment of the posterior interosseous nerve by a fibrous band in the dorsal edge of the supinator muscle and erosion of a groove in the proximal radius. AB - An unusual case of transient, reversible entrapment of the PIN has been described. The entrapment was due to a fibrous band at the distal edge of the body of the supinator muscle, not at the level of the arcade of Frohse. The transient paralysis was exacerbated by pronation and alleviated by supination. Release at operation alleviated all symptoms. A radiograph showed erosion in the proximal radius, presumably due to the posterior interosseous nerve. One must consider such an entrapment of the PIN when there is weakness of muscles innervated by the radial nerve distal to its course through the supinator muscle. PMID- 7276486 TI - Reassessment of the management of benign gastric ulcer with achlorhydria. AB - Previous reports of benign gastric ulcer with achlorhydria have recommended surgical removal of the ulcer, even though a malignant process had not been demonstrated. We report a patient with achlorhydria and a gastric ulcer who, at exploration 4 weeks after discovery, had only a healed ulcer. Its benign nature was demonstrated by endoscopic biopsies and cytology and confirmed at surgery. The patient has remained achlorhydric on follow-up and has not had further ulcers. We recommend that, after multiple endoscopic biopsies and cytology have adequately excluded a malignant process, a gastric ulcer be followed to complete healing, even in the presence of achlorhydria. If healing is incomplete by 6-12 weeks, surgical intervention should be contemplated, just as for more routine gastric ulcers. PMID- 7276488 TI - The right iliac fossa squelch sign: a marker of the irritable bowel syndrome. AB - The right iliac fossa squelch sign, not previously associated with the irritable bowel syndrome, is found in over one-third of patients at diagnosis. It is found in one-quarter of patients who have not improved at follow-up, but is virtually absent in those who have improved. It is also found in patients with active regional enteritis. Fluid feces passing through bowel of decreased pliability may be the factor which allows elicitation of the sign. PMID- 7276489 TI - Traveler's diarrhea: clinical observations. AB - We made an observational study of traveler's diarrhea in all members of a 48 person medical seminar group during a trip to Egypt and the Nile in September 1979. In addition to comparing symptoms in those who took antibiotic prophylaxis with doxycycline and those who did not, we also took into account water and dietary restrictions. Although our study supports the use of prophylactic doxycycline, the response appears to be considerably influenced by dietary or water restrictions. This study emphasizes the need to assess diet and water intake of travelers when conducting trials of medication aimed at preventing traveler's diarrhea. PMID- 7276487 TI - Cholangiographic documentation of noncalculous acute biliary colic. AB - We obtained cholangiographic demonstration of noncalculous acute biliary colic associated with common bile duct dilation in a 46-year-old woman with a 9-year history of postprandial right upper quadrant pain. Hepatic plexus vagectomy and cholecystectomy completely relieved her symptoms, now for a 10-year follow-up period. PMID- 7276491 TI - Intrasplenic pseudocyst of the pancreas. AB - We describe a rare case of pancreatic pseudocyst developing in the spleen as a sequel to chronic pancreatitis in the absence of a recognizable pseudocyst in and around the pancreas. We assume that pancreatic secretions escaped through a tight adhesion between the tail of the pancreas and the splenic hilum. PMID- 7276490 TI - Hydrogen peroxide colitis: a report of three patients. AB - We have seen three patients with acute ulcerative colitis after hydrogen peroxide enemas. The colitis is probably the result of the explosive entrance of gas into the loose connective tissues of the mucosa and submucosa of the rectum and sigmoid. Fortunately, it is transitory in nature, but it should be distinguished from ulcerative, ischemic, or pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 7276492 TI - Duodenal and common bile duct obstruction in pancreatitis simulating carcinoma. AB - Although obstructive jaundice in pancreatic inflammatory disease is being recognized with increased frequency, duodenal obstruction is thought to be unusual. The occurrence of both duodenal and biliary obstruction suggests pancreatic cancer, and has seldom been described in pancreatitis. We report three patients with combined duodenal and biliary obstruction occurring as a complication of chronic pancreatitis. Distinction from carcinoma by barium study or laboratory results alone was not possible; instead, it depended on studies of the common bile duct, exploratory laparotomy in two patients, and follow-up in all three. PMID- 7276493 TI - Ultrasonically guided percutaneous drainage of solitary liver abscess: successful treatment in four cases. AB - We used a specially designed real-time ultrasound probe (puncture transducer) to puncture solitary liver abscesses for diagnosis and drainage therapeutic purposes. The techniques in four patients so treated is described along with the ultrasonograms and roentgenograms of the opacified abscesses. PMID- 7276494 TI - A comparison of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in postcholecystectomy jaundice. AB - The Chiba percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (CPTC) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are new techniques useful for accurately diagnosing cholestasis. Both, however, present certain advantages and disadvantages in different clinical settings. In our prospective study we compared and evaluated the two techniques in 21 patients with postcholecystectomy jaundice, analyzing success rate, complications, time spent, and costs. We found CPTC was preferable to ERCP for visualizing the bile ducts and for relative safety. Moreover, CPTC is not only more rapid, but also requires less expertise and costs less. PMID- 7276495 TI - Healing of peptic ulcers during continuing anti-inflammatory drug therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - To evaluate the effect of anti-inflammatory drug therapy on ulcer healing, we studied retrospectively patient records listing the dual diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis and peptic ulcer (1953-1975). Forty-three ulcers (23 gastric and 20 duodenal) occurred in 41 subjects. Evaluation of ulcer healing was possible in 35 patients, 27 of whom had continued on anti-inflammatory drug therapy while being treated for ulcer disease and eight who did not. In 21 of the 27 patients the ulcer healed; in six the ulcer failed to heal, including one who died from gastric carcinoma. Fourteen of the 21 patients whose ulcer healed were taking both aspirin and corticosteroids; in all eight patients who stopped taking anti inflammatory drugs, the ulcers (eight gastric, one duodenal) healed. In six patients no evaluating was possible because the outcome of ulcer therapy was unknown. The numbers of patients not studied, unlisted or unretrieved are unknown, though probably small, and while no data are available on controls drawn from the same population or on the rates of spontaneous ulcer healing and recurrence in this population, our study nevertheless establishes that ulcer healing does occur in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis despite continued treatment with salicylate, corticosteroid, or other anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 7276496 TI - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis presenting as a perforated viscus. AB - A young man with severe nephrotic syndrome and symptoms suggestive of peptic ulcer disease treated with steroids developed symptoms and signs of peritonitis and pneumoperitoneum. Laparotomy and ascitis fluid culture revealed B. fragilis peritonitis without any perforation, suggesting a diagnosis of spontaneous primary peritonitis. PMID- 7276497 TI - Hemochromatosis associated with chronic cimetidine therapy? AB - We report a patient in whom hemochromatosis with high transferrin saturation developed during long-term cimetidine administration. Prior reports have noted impaired iron absorption to be associated with short-term cimetidine use. The effect of chronic cimetidine administration on iron absorption and metabolism has not been studied. We believe this to be the first, and so far the only report of increased iron absorption with long-term cimetidine use. PMID- 7276498 TI - When should a clinician perform gastric analysis? PMID- 7276499 TI - A rationale for hepatic plexus vagectomy in certain biliary disorders. PMID- 7276500 TI - Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia: a manifestation of many disorders. PMID- 7276501 TI - An incidental hemangioma of the liver: the dilemma of patient management. PMID- 7276502 TI - The transmission of Onchocerca tarsicola (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) by Odagmia ornata and Prosimulium nigripes (Diptera: Simuliidae). AB - Onchocerca tarsicola is a subcutaneous filariid of the red deer living on the tendons of the radial-carpal and tibial-tarsal joints. Its microfilariae concentrate mainly in the external ears. The extrinsic cycle of this parasite was investigated. In a hyperendemic area wild-caught Odagmia ornata were dissected, as well as samples which had fed on a tame deer and been kept in the laboratory after the infecting blood-meal. About 3 to 5% of the flies were infected with larval stages of Onchocerca tarsicola. More than 40% of Odagmia ornata induced to feed on the ears of the deer became infected and about 30% of the flies which survived more than 18 days contained third-stage larvae. The larval development in the vector is described. Prosimulium nigripes appears to be a second natural vector of Onchocerca tarsicola. Observations concerning the potential vectors of O. flexuosa, O. tubingensis and Cutifilaria wenki living in red deer are discussed. PMID- 7276503 TI - Pathological phenomena associated with Mesocestoides corti infection in mice. PMID- 7276504 TI - Researches on Pseudophyllidea (Carus, 1813) in the south of Chile. IV Occurrence of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzch). AB - Experimental infections were established with Diphyllobothrium sp. plerocercoids obtained from Salmo gairdneri, a fish introduced at the beginning of the 1900s in the lake region of Chile. These permitted us to obtain adult parasites in Larus dominicanus and Canis familiaris. The histological features of the plerocercoids, their relation to the host, adult pattern and susceptibility of hosts allowed us to determine the presence of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzch) for the first time in South America in the lacustrine region of southern Chile. It is believed that this cestode was introduced to this ecosystem by infected persons travelling from North America of Europe or, alternatively, brought by migratory birds, e.g., Sterna hirundo, S. paradisea or Larus pipixcan on their winter visits to South America. PMID- 7276505 TI - Limited fly load and development of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in Guatemalan Simulium ochraceum. AB - Fly load of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae and their early development in Simulium ochraceum were examined at intervals of 10, 30 and 60 min after ingestion and then hourly up to 72 hours. Many microfilariae ingested were damaged by the cibarial armature of the vector, limiting the fly load, but some of these damaged microfilariae were able to penetrate the gut before they died. Thus, the mean number of the living parasites per fly in the head and thorax decreased gradually with elapse of time after ingestion. The parasites ingested by S. ochraceum did not develop beyond the microfilarial stages during the first 24 hours; thereafter only thoracic forms (1st-stage larvae) were found to be alive. The high mortality of the infected fly might be caused by the high intakes of microfilariae and also by normal and/or partly wounded microfilariae invading various organs. The number of microfilaria ingested from different biting sites were usually high in comparison with the densities observed in each site; this indicates that the microfilariae might be attracted by the biting females. PMID- 7276506 TI - The behaviour of infective Ancylostoma caninum larvae in serum gradients. AB - Experiments were carried out to investigate if sera of animal species other than dog are chemotactically active for infective larvae of Ancyclostoma caninum. those sera were also found to contain such a factor(s), although the larvae were attracted significantly better by dog serum. How this chemotaxis might be applied to the in vivo situation, when infective A. caninum larvae penetrate the skin of dogs, is discussed. PMID- 7276507 TI - Cytochemical characteristics of the neurosecretory cells of Ceylonocotyle scoliocoelium (Trematoda: Digenea). AB - Two types of neurosecretory cells (NSC), large alpha cells and small beta cells were detected on the basis of their size and characteristics as shown by aldehyde fuchsin and chrome haematoxylin-phloxin staining. A histochemical survey of the neurosecretory material indicates that it is a glycoprotein. Phosphatases and esterases present in NSC probably help in the transfer of metabolites and their hydrolysis and in the control of secretory material produced in a NSC, while SDH provides the necessary energy for the synthetic activity of the latter. The role of neurosecretion in governing the reproduction of this parasite is discussed. PMID- 7276510 TI - Inheritance of alternative states of the fused gene in mice. AB - The genetics of the fused (Fu) gene in the house mouse, Mus musculus, was studied by use of the closely linked recessive marker, tufted (tf). Evidence was obtained indicating that Fu passes from a phenotypically active state to inactive: Fu in equilibrium with [Fu]. These alternative states may be genetically transmitted. It is suggested that the activation of a "dormant" Fu gene may underlie this passage. PMID- 7276508 TI - Stereocan observations on the surface topography of Gastrothylax crumenifer (Creplin, 1847) Poirier, 1883 and Paramphistomum epiclitum Fischoeder, 1904 (Trematoda: Digenea). AB - The critical-point-dried specimens of Gastrothylax crumenifer (Creplin, 1847) Poirier, 1883 and Paramphistomum epiclitum Fischoeder, 1904, both recovered from the rumen of sheep, were studied by scanning electron microscopy at magnifications ranging from 10 to 10,000x to reveal the structural differences of the tegument between the two species. In G. crumenifer, both dorsal and ventral surfaces have tubercle-like tegumental elevations, devoid of spines. A row of prominent, regularly arranged, button-like protuberances encircle the rim of mouth. It is suggested that these are sensory in nature. The lining of the buccal tube also bears papillae, some of which appear balloon-like. The tegument near the outer acetabular rim is thrown into prominent ridges bearing groups of six to eight small papilla-like elevations. Towards the interior of the acetabular cavity this pattern merges into one with stout, finger-like projections with groups of papillae at their blunt tips. From their structure, these projections appear to aid strong anchorage to the host's surface and the papillae to be secretory. P. epiclitum has a similar tuberculated pattern on the dorsal and ventral surfaces. In the oral region, the tegument has some irregular, patch-like elevated areas. The acetabular surface is thrown into a pattern of deep folds and craters. PMID- 7276509 TI - Reciprocal translocations and partial correlation of chromosomes in the stable fly. AB - An initial investigation of the genetics of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), is described. Two recessive, autosomal mutants, carmine eye (ca) and rolled down wing (rd), were assigned to chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively. Sex is apparently determined by a locus on chromosome 1. Crossing over is restricted to females. Six reciprocal translocations were induced with gamma radiation and used to assign ca and rd to their respective chromosomes. PMID- 7276511 TI - The genetic basis for piebald patterns in cattle. AB - Evidence is given for the existence of a dominant mutant, Bl, found in Simmental and some other breeds of cattle that is responsible for white facial pattern. This mutant is independent of the mutant responsible for the typical white facial and body pattern of the Hereford breed. Also, evidence is presented to support a multiple allelic series composed of SH (Hereford pattern), SCS (color-side pattern), S+ (non-spotted wild type), and s (recessive spotting pattern). Alleles SH and SCS are codominant to each other and incompletely dominant over S+, SH, SCS, and S+; all appear to be completely dominant over s. The Dutch belted pattern is probably controlled by an independent dominant mutant, Bt. PMID- 7276512 TI - Ear tuftedness: a lethal condition in the Araucana fowl. AB - The lethal effects of the ear-tuft trait of the Araucana chicken are reported and the genetic basis of its inheritance is verified. The ear-tuft (Et) gene acts as an autosomal dominant with reduced penetrance in heterozygotes. This study gave two estimates of reduced penetrance, 4 and 14 percent. Homozygotes die during 17 19 days of incubation, although a few may hatch. Most of these die within a week, but occasionally an "escaper" will live to maturity; one such Et/Et individual was verified. Heterozygotes also experience increased embryonic mortality at about 20 or 21 days of incubation. In this study the average embryonic mortality among heterozygotes was 41.6 percent. Posthatch mortality also was significantly greater among tufted chicks than among nontufted chicks. PMID- 7276515 TI - The agouti alleles of Peromyscus. PMID- 7276517 TI - White skin: a Z-linked recessive mutation in the fowl. AB - A 6-week-old pullet was noted with white shanks and beak from a strain of SC White Leghorns, pedigree-bred as a closed flock since 1948. Mating of the mutant to males with yellow skin produced only yellow skinned progeny. The F2 progeny consisted of equal numbers of yellow or white shanked pullets and yellow shanked sons. This distribution indicates that the new trait is due to a mutation on the Z chromosome. The symbol y is suggested for the new allele. Tests for linkage with late feathering K and with id revealed that the new locus is not closely linked with either. The white shank color trait is quite accurately identified in the newly hatched chick. PMID- 7276516 TI - A null allele at the Mod-1 locus of the mouse. PMID- 7276514 TI - Rex mutant in the Norway rat. AB - A new rex or curly coat mutant in the Norway rat is reported. The vibrissae are bent, the coat is shorter than normal and has a harsh texture. The condition is due to a dominant gene designated rex (symbol Re). The coat of the homozygote (ReRe) is more severely affected than the heterozygote (Re+) and displays a transient baldness at about five weeks of age. Careful comparison suggests that Re is probably distinct from the four rexoid mutants previously described in the Norway rat. PMID- 7276518 TI - Epigenesis and the evolution of social systems. AB - The remaining problems of biology, which include the nature of the molecular regulation of development, the relation between micro- and macroevolution, the mind/body association, and the linkage between genetic and cultural evolution, all appear to be most readily soluble by attention to the epigenesis of individual organisms. Societies offer special advantages in the analysis of epigenesis. The constituent parts, consisting of the whole member organisms, can be observed more directly than cells and organelles. In the case of social insects, the components can be separated and reassembled as "pseudomutant" colonies, which can then be compared with the normal forms of the very same colonies studied on alternate days. Using this technique, for example, I have analyzed the optimization of some aspects of the division of labor in leaf cutting ants and identified net energetic yield as the apparent aspect of foraging that has been maximized in the division of labor. A comparable approach can be applied in the study of human genetic and cultural evolution. The choices made by individuals during socialization, which in many categories of cognition and behavior display innate bias, can be translated with appropriate techniques into statistical descriptions of cultural diversity. Natural selection acting on behavior within particular cultures alters the frequencies of the genes underlying the developmental processes of cognition and behavior. The result is postulated to be a "co-evolutionary circuit" that links genetic and cultural evolution in an inseverable manner. PMID- 7276513 TI - Elevated body zinc in rats with inherited retinal dystrophy. AB - Carcass zinc concentrations were determined in Royal College of Surgeon (RCS) rats carrying the gene for retinal dystrophy. Analysis of zinc was undertaken on both mutant RCS (rdy/rdy) and cogenic control RCS (rdy/+) newborn male pups using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The carcass of mutant rats contained a higher concentration of zinc but not copper. A relationship between the altered zinc concentrations and subsequent retinal degeneration remains to be determined. PMID- 7276519 TI - Progressive ankylosis, a new skeletal mutation in the mouse. AB - Progressive ankylosis, ank, a new recessive skeletal mutation causing a noninflammatory joint disease in mice is described. Preliminary observations suggest that three abnormal processes are involved: increased calcification of calcified cartilage and of joint tissues, hyperplasia of the cells and tissues of the joints, and degeneration within and around the tissues, tendons, and ligaments of the joints. The new mutation is closely linked, with about 4 percent recombination, to underwhite on chr 15. PMID- 7276520 TI - Fertility is not a function of geographic distance in Tetrahymena. AB - The fertility of crosses between wild stocks of Tetrahymena americanis (n = 93) and T. hegewischi (n = 52) was not significantly related to the square root of the distance separating the parental stocks. Much of the death was probably caused by age-related damage to the micronucleus. Despite the confounding age related death, the conclusion that neither species has detectably isolated local populations is supported. PMID- 7276522 TI - The DAM chicken: a model for spontaneous postnatal cutaneous and ocular amelanosis. AB - A mutant line of chickens (DAM line) has been developed that is characterized by a high incidence of a spontaneous, postnatal, cutaneous amelanosis. Amelanotic individuals also have a high incidence of blindness and a low incidence of an integumentary defect expressed as a variable loss of feathers. A low incidence of hypothyroidism is also present but is not limited to the amelanotic phenotype. All line associated traits appear to be controlled by multiple autosomal genes. Selection experiments showed that the amelanosis and eye defect are highly heritable and partially share a common genetic basis. However, it also was shown that the incidence of blindness could be readily altered within the amelanotic population by selection. It is suggested that the blindness represents the most severe expression of the amelanosis syndrome. The amelanosis equally affected both sexes and both eumelanin and phaeomelanin pigments. A relationship was found between the presence of the back plumage color gene, E, and an increase incidence of feather amelanosis in segregating DAM line populations. This was not accompanied by an increase in blindness. The DAM line appears to be a valuable animal model for vitiligo, as well as several melanin-related eye diseases. PMID- 7276521 TI - Genetic effects on serum cholesterol concentrations in baboons. AB - Six male and 134 female adult baboons were assigned to high or low lines on the basis of response of total serum cholesterol concentration to a high cholesterol, high saturated fat diet. Positive assortative mating of these breeders produced 36 high-line and 42 low-line progeny, of which 30 high-line and 39 low-line progeny survived to one year of age. The mean serum cholesterol concentrations of the progeny produced in the two lines were significantly different at all ages from birth to one year. The serum cholesterol levels at birth were not strongly correlated with subsequent levels, but those after 3 weeks were highly correlated with one another. Heritability of total serum cholesterol concentration was estimated by realized heritability, correlation coefficients between parent and progeny values, and by regression coefficients of progeny values on mid-parent value. Estimates of heritability of serum cholesterol level at birth were low, but from 3 weeks to one year of age they ranged from 0.25 to 0.80 and averaged about 0.45. There was a correlated response of HDL and LDL cholesterol levels at one year to selection for total serum cholesterol. PMID- 7276523 TI - Linkage relationships and assignment of esterase-4 and esterase-8 loci to chromosome 3 in Anopheles albimanus. PMID- 7276524 TI - Inheritance of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome in cats. AB - The phenotypes with respect to the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) of 245 cats from 67 matings were analyzed. It was determined that the gene for feline CHS, like that in other species with CHS, is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner with complete penetrance. We propose the symbol ch for the gene for CHS in cats. Additional studies revealed enlarged periodic acid-Schiff positive granules in renal tubule cells in CHS cats, which provides further evidence of the homologous nature of CHS among the various species in which it occurs. PMID- 7276526 TI - Induced chromosome number variation in the winter flounder. PMID- 7276525 TI - Morphologic basis of inherited coat-color dilutions of cats. AB - The melanin granules in hair of black, smoke, blue, Chediak-Higashi-smoke, and pink-eyed dilution cats were studied. The hair of black cats contains numerous small dark brown to black melanin granules uniformly distributed throughout all portions. The basis for the dilution in smoke cats is a paucity of melanin granules in the basal portions of the hair. Blue cat hair has a larger basic melanin granule, some very large but relatively regularly shaped granules, and a non-uniform distribution of granules. The granules in the blue cat hair resemble those in the hair of dilute mice. The Chediak-Higashi trait causes even larger basic melanin granules than the blue dilution and enlarged and relatively irregularly shaped granules. The melanin granules in the hair of the pink-eyed dilution cat are very small, and are yellowish brown compared to the dark brown to black of those of black, smoke, and blue cats. PMID- 7276527 TI - Hereditary polydactyly in Simmental cattle. AB - Five breeding trials were conducted in an attempt to clarify the mode of inheritance of bovine polydactyly. Two trials involved polydactylous females, superovulation, embryo transfer, and early fetal recovery. The other three trials were father-daughter mating, mother-son mating, and polydactylous X polydactylous matings. The results suggest that the mode of inheritance of bovine polydactylism is polygenic, requiring a dominant gene at one locus and two recessive genes at another locus. PMID- 7276528 TI - Possible effect of a sex chromosome on reproductive performance in Columbidae. AB - In comparison with the reproductive performance of matings within Streptopelia risoria, the species hybrid males, from matings to S. risoria of males of S. chinensis or S. senegalensis, displayed increased infertility, but not an increase of embryo mortality. Previous findings of a high percentage of sperm abnormalities provide a basis that explains in part the infertility of the species hybrid males. The infertility and embryo mortality of both kinds of species hybrid females, the heterogametic sex, was much higher than in the S. risoria X S. risoria matings. The reproductive performance of the backcross females of the first, second and third backcross generations, having either species hybrid or backcross hybrid males as parents, could be divided into two classes, differing significantly either in percentage of infertility or embryo mortality, or in both categories. The backcross females producing the lower reproductive performance presumably carried the X chromosome of the wild parental species. Limited date obtained following a mating between a S. senegalensis female and a S. chinensis male showed a very low percentage of infertility of eggs from two species hybrid females and a backcross female (1/4-S. chinensis), indicating that the adverse effect of changes affecting infertility, presumably on the X-chromosome of these two wild species, towards S. risoria, had occurred in parallel during their evolution. The genetic changes affecting embryo mortality, and particularly the death of the squabs before becoming adults, are located on somatic chromosomes. PMID- 7276529 TI - Genetic sexing for a mosquito sterile-male release. AB - Two strains of Anopheles culicifacies have been synthesized in which the dieldrin resistance locus on chromosome 3 has been translocated to the Y chromosome. Both strains appear sufficiently stable for the preferential recovery of males for mass production of mosquitoes for field releases. PMID- 7276530 TI - Robertsonian variation in Mus musculus from Central Europe Spain, and Scotland. AB - Robertsonian translocations were found among mice captured on one of the Orkney islands in North Scotland, around Barcelona in Spain, and in Southern Germany around the cities of Tubingen and Ravensburg. Mice from Denmark, Poland, Astrachan in the Soviet Union Israel, and Egypt were found to be free of Robertsonian translocations. The Robertsonian variations in mice from Scotland and Spain are probably of independent origin and mostly likely also unrelated to the Alpine-Apennine system. On the other hand, the variation in mice from Southern Germany may be a part of the Alpine system. Hybrid zones were found near Barcelona and near Ravensburg. In the latter almost all the mice were heterozygous for at least one Robertsonian translocation, and often for several translocations. Three out of 14 typed mice were heterozygous for four metacentric chromosomes. The analysis revealed the existence of nine Robertsonian translocations not previously described: Rb(3.14)7Tu, Rb(4.10)8Tu, Rb(6.13)9Tu, and Rb(9.12)10Tu in Scotland; Rb(4.14)11Tu, Rb(6.10)13Tu, Rb(9.11)14Tu, and Rb(12.13)15Tu in Spain, and Rb(2.5)2Tu in Southern Germany. PMID- 7276532 TI - White spotting allele alters color of yellow mice. PMID- 7276531 TI - Spleen-shape as a genetic marker in X/Gf mice. AB - This study revealed that the triangular shaped spleen of X/Gf mice constitutes a genetically dominant characteristic over normal spleen shape of C3H mice. The agouti coat color of C3H mice is dominant over the white color of the X/Gf strain. The mode of transmission of triangular shape of the spleen in X/Gf mice, as well as their white coat color indicates Mendelian autosomal inheritance involving two independent genes. Although the pedigree lends support to this inference, we are aware that the small number of F2 offspring available for this study limits the conclusions to be drawn from the segregation ratio and statistical evaluation. PMID- 7276533 TI - Genetic variation of blood groups in inbred lines of Leghorns, derived from a common base population. PMID- 7276534 TI - Horned gena, an atavistic sex-linked dominant mutation in Tribolium confusum. AB - Horned gena (Hg), a sex-linked dominant mutation with semilethal effects in the imago stage, was found in Tribolium confusion. The Hg mutant is characterized by a pair of horns of variable size and shape that arises from the genoclypeal suture in mildly expressed beetles or a more pronounced horn-like structure resulting from a folding of the genal shelf near the compound eyes. In these beetles there is considerable stress on the exoskeleton of the head so that the cranium is fragmented between the eyes, leaving large, irregularly shaped areas of the head unprotected by cranial exoskeleton. These beetles die presumably because of bacterial infection or because they cannot retain moisture within their bodies. This mutation differs from the mutation V-Grube found in another tenebrionid, Tenebrio molitor. Taxonomic, genetic, and cytological evidence is presented suggesting that Hg is a gene of ancient origin, having existed at least since the genera of Tenebrionidae were being evolved. PMID- 7276535 TI - Comparison of horseradish peroxidase visualization methods: quantitative results and further technical specifics. AB - Four methods used for the neurohistochemical demonstration of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were quantitatively compared by counting retrogradely labeled neurons found after each method was used. HRP used as a retrograde marker is an important neuroanatomical tracing method, and maximum sensitivity in its demonstration of retrogradely, labeled neurons is important if these neuroanatomical studies are to completely demonstrate afferent neurons. The four methods compared were a diaminobenzidine (DAB) procedure, a Hanker-Yates procedure using P-phenylenediamine and pyrocatechol, an o-dianisidine procedure, and a tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) procedure. The TMB procedure resulted in a more complete topography of neurons afferent to the HRP application site, and demonstrated many more neurons in all afferent cell groups that either of the three other procedures. Use of the TMB method was especially critical in the cases of small HRP applications, a size useful for neuroanatomical studies, where the other methods demonstrated very few or no retrogradely labeled neurons. Neurons were judged to be retrogradely HRP labeled if they had small granules of the reaction product (the color varying with the chromogen) describing the somal shape, usually extending into the processes, and a clear nucleus. In addition, after the o-dianisidine or the TMB reaction a small number of retrogradely labeled neurons had soma and processes especially well filled with reaction product, giving the appearance of neurons from Golgi preparations. For a sensitive TMB reaction giving good results, exact H2O2 concentration, freshly prepared solutions, minimal postreaction exposure to alcohol, counterstaining, and clean glassware were each found to be important. PMID- 7276536 TI - Freeze-fracture cytochemistry: thin sections of cells and tissues after labeling of fractures faces. AB - Experimental details of a new method for the cytochemical characterization of the membrane faces and cytoplasm produced by freeze-fracture of isolated cells and tissues are presented. This new method-"fracture-label"-involves grinding of frozen samples immersed in liquid nitrogen, thawing, cytochemical labeling of the fractured faces, and processing for thin section electron microscopy. Cationized ferritin (at pH. 7.5 and 4.0), colloidal iron, as well as concanavalin A are used to label the fractures faces of leukocytes and Hela cells embedded in a cross linked matrix of bovine serum albumin and of liver and spleen tissues. Our results show the presence of numerous anionic binding sites on the fracture faces of all plasma and cytoplasmic membranes, and of concanavalin A binding sites preferentially associated to the exoplasmic fracture faces of plasma and nuclear envelope membranes. A proportion of the anionic sites appears to be revealed by, or during, the freeze-fracture process. Colloidal iron labeling also shows preferential association with the chromatin areas of cross-fractured nuclei. The results show that "fracture-label", i.e., the combined application of freeze fracture and cytochemical labeling techniques, can be used to study the surface chemistry of the fractures faces of biological membranes as well as of cross fractured cytoplasm. PMID- 7276537 TI - Interaction of DEAP fluoranthene (RMI 9563 DA) with DNA and metaphase chromosomes. AB - A fluorescent compound, DEAP fluoranthene (a tilorone cogener), has been suggested to bind to DNA by intercalation. The interaction of this drug with natural and synthetic DNAs and human metaphase chromosomes has been investigated in detail. DEAP fluoranthene shows a slight A-T preference in binding to DNA and was also found to change the topological winding number of superhelical DNA. These data, and the determined unwinding angle of 27 degree for DEAP fluoranthene, strongly support an intercalation mode of binding for this drug to DNA. DEAP fluorescence is minimally quenched when intercalated between A-T base pairs and maximally quenched when interacting with G-C base pairs. DEAP fluoranthene was found to produce bright fluorescent bands on human metaphase chromosomes identical to those produced by quinacrine. The solution data on DEAP fluoranthene interaction with DNA can be used to rationalize the production of differential banding patterns on chromosomes by DEAP fluoranthene in which the drug reports underlying DNA sequence arrangement of the metaphase chromosome. PMID- 7276538 TI - A Golgy study of cellular morphology in the superficial layers of superior colliculus man, Saimiri, and Macaca. AB - This is the first published account of a Golgi study of cellular morphology in the superficial layers of the superior colliculi of the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus, the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta, and man. The data demonstrates that the basic structure of the superficial laminae of the superior colliculus are essentially similar in all three species. The superficial portion of the primate colliculus is divided into three clearly defined zones: a zone of horizontal cells, a zone of vertical cells, and a zone of optic fibers. The zone of optic fibers comprises at least two sublayers: a superficial zone that is rich in neurons, and a deeper zone composed primarily of fibers. Six cell types are present within the above zones: marginal cells, piriform cells, stellate cells, narrow field vertical cells, and wide field vertical cells. These are similar in morphology and location to cells described previously in the rat, (Langer and Lund, 1974) however, differences have been noted. These include distribution of spines on primary dendrites, patterns of dendritic arborization of narrow field vertical cells, and some details of axonal morphology. PMID- 7276539 TI - The neurosecretory cells and retrocerebral endocrine glands of Amsacta collaris Hampson (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) during post-embryonic development. AB - Neurosecretory cells and retrocerebral endocrine glands of Amsacta collaris Hampson have been studied by using PF and PARF techniques in whole mounts and sections. On the basis of staining properties, three principal types of cells viz., A, B and C-types have been distinguished, which have been further classified into A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, B-1, B-2 and C-1, C-2 subtypes respectively. The cells are arranged in 12-groups i.e. 2-medial, 2-lateral, 2-optic, 2 posterior, 2-ventral and 2-tritocerebral. The material elaborated in the medial, lateral, ventral and posterior groups of cells is stored in the outer part of the corpus allatum and that of the optic and tritocerebral, is stored in the corpus cardiacum. In addition to brain, distinct neurosecretory cells have been observed in the frontal and hypocerebral ganglia, and in the latter case they have been reported here probably for the first time in Lepidoptera. The corpora cardiaca are a pair of club-shaped or stellate bodies lying behind the brain, with which they are attached by NCC-I and NCC-II. The corpora cardiaca are composed of only a few intrinsic cells. Some nerves arise from the corpus cardiacum and innervate the gut dialator muscles, recurrent nerve, aorta and the adjacent organs. The corpora allata are oval in shape, attached to the corpora cardiaca via allatic nerve. In larval stages, each corpus allatum is a single lobed body which becomes many lobed in late pupa and adult stages. The gland is superficially innervated by the neurosecretory axons of cerebral origin which contain a large amount of NSM. Thus the outer part of the gland acts as a principal neurohaemal organ. The inner part of the corpus allatum is devoid of NSM. PMID- 7276540 TI - Neuroglia in amphibian (Rana tigrina) central nervous system. AB - Neuroglia in the vertebrates are primarily classified as (i) Ependymal and (2) Non-ependymal gliocytes. In the present study neuroglia in the brain and spinal cord of Frog (Rana tigrina) has been studied under the light microscope using rapid Golgi, Holzer, and Luxol fast blue-neutral red staining methods. Ependymal glial cells with long processes having vascular and/or superficial terminal contacts, non-ependymal primitive glial cells (unipolar and bipolar) and phylogenetically more mature non-ependymal glial cells conforming to the classical description of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microgliocytes have been observed. It is interesting to note that oligodendrocytes of classical morphology have been observed in close relation to non-myelinated nerve fibres suggesting that nerve fibre-oligodendrocytes relationship may also be other than myelinogenesis. PMID- 7276542 TI - [Ultrastructural differences in the morphology of the optic tectum of the carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) with special reference to the synapses]. AB - The optic tectum of two years old rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) had been compared morphologically, especially concerning the ultrastructural appearance of synapses. Differences between these two species were most pronounced in the stratum fibrosum marginale (SM). In addition to differences in the relative thickness of this lamina as compared with the dimension of the whole tectum (carp: 12%; trout: 23%) significant variations concerning the ultrastructural differentiation were conspicuous: for the carp numerous marginal fibers form convergent synapses together with dendritic spines of pyramide cells, whereas the SM of the trout appears to be less differentiated in so far as convergent synaptic contacts in this species are almost absent. The quantitative analysis of synapses in the SM brought highly significant differences between the two species: number of synapses (carp 45, trout 62 per 1000 micrometer 2); length of synaptic contact (carp 0,31, trout 0,24 micrometer); density of synaptic vesicles (carp 122, trout 61 per micrometer 2). The occurrence of highly effective convergent synapses in carp obviously seems to be compensated in trout by means of an increase in the number of synapses and the intensity of the interlacement of fibers. PMID- 7276543 TI - Lipid inclusions in the telencephalic neuroglia of the developing rat. AB - The presence of lipid vacuoles is a common fact in neuroglial cells and their precursors in the developing rat brain. Simple lipid vacuoles are present in ependymal cells, subependymal cells, spongioblasts and astrocytes. Polymorphic inclusions are observed in subependymal cells, spongioblasts, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Great numbers of dense inclusions are found in "premyelinic" oligodendrocytes, while smaller numbers of simple lipid vacuoles are found in the astrocytes of the telencephalic mantle. These results are discussed and related to the better known changes present in the human developing brain. PMID- 7276544 TI - An experimental anatomical study on the topographic termination of the optic nerve fibers in the rat. AB - The topographic termination of the optic nerve fibers was studied in the rat by using a silver impregnation method for degenerating nerve fibers. Male and female albino rats of Gifu and Wistar strains weighing 170 to 360 gm were used, and each quadrant of the right retina was injured by trans-scleral coagulation. The degenerating nerve fibres were examined in the ventral and dorsal halves of the optic tract, ventral and dorsal nuclei of the lateral geniculate body, and the superior colliculus on the left side, as well as in the right optic nerve. The retinal fibers seem not to change their relative positions much in the optic nerve, but they rotate counterclockwise 45 to 90 degrees in the dorsal half of the optic tract when they are observed from the retinal direction. The fibers project to both nuclei of the lateral geniculate body with a reversal in their dorsoventral relationship but no change in their relative nasotemporal positions. In the superior colliculus, most of these fibers project to the superficial gray stratum. At the site of projection in the superior colliculus these fibers, when observed from the retinal direction, are rotated counterclockwise about 180 degrees from their position in the retina. PMID- 7276541 TI - Chemoarchitectonics of the forebrain of the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri. AB - The brain of the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri, was investigated by enzyme histochemical methods to locate roughly the areas which have somatic, visceral, and correlative functions. From the results of previous investigations, it seems that, as a rule, AChE is found in the correlation areas and in a part of the visceral and somatic areas, whereas SDH and MAO are detected in the somatic and visceral areas, respectively. Therefore, the activities of these three enzymes can be used to indicate the functional areas. In addition, G6PD is used to detect areas related to the pentose cycle. Areas with remarkable AChE activity are layer 4 (neuropil), layer 3 (perikarya), layer 5 (perikarya and neuropil), the primordium hippocampi of Jansen (neuropil and a small number of perikarya), the median sagittal lamina of the habenula (neuropil and perikarya), some cells in the pars dorsalis thalami of Jansen (neuropil), the nucleus tuberculi posterior of Jansen (neuropil), and the hypophysis. Activity of SDH, MAO, and G6PD appears in the neuropil. Regions showing activity of both SDH and MAO are the olfactory nerves and glomeruli, the septal area, layer 1 and 4 including the neostriatum of Crosby and Schnitzlein, the primordium hippocampi of Jansen, the preotic area, the habenula, and the caudal part of the medial hypothalamus, this last being the circumference of the hypothalamic ventricle. Furthermore, the anterior part of the amygdala of Crosby and Schnitzlein shows SDH activity. Activity of G6PD is distributed in the same regions showing activity of SDH and MAO, with the exception of the primordium hippocampi of Jansen. Finally, (1) two groups of continuous areas of AChE activity are found conspicuously in the telencephalon; one group consists of layers 3, 4, and 5, and the other consists of the ventral part of the primordium hippocampi, the lateral part of the pars ventralis thalami, and the nucleus tuberculi posterior. These two groups may play a correlative role between the visceral and somatic areas and the cholinergic mechanisms. (2) It seems that the forebrain, especially in the hypothalamus, is poorly differentiated. Furthermore, (3) a comparison with other nonmammalian brains is made from the viewpoint of the chemoarchitectonics. PMID- 7276545 TI - A comparative study of the pineal complex of nineteen species of Indian freshwater fishes. AB - The pineal organ of the teleosts investigated has a stalk of varying length which expands into a well defined end-vesicle (EV) of varied shape. In Heteropneustes fossilis the pineal stalk is so long that the EV is situated far in front of the anterior end of the brain. On the other hand the pineal of Amphipnous cuchia lacks a distinct stalk; as a result the EV is situated just above the subcommissural organ (SCO) within the dorsal limit of the brain. The pineal of Notopterus chitala is tubular in form, whereas that of A. cuchiya is compact and devoid of a lumen. In those fishes where the lumen is prominent, the EV is in open communication with the third ventricle through the hollow stalk. In between those species having tubular and compact EV there is a variety of form tending towards compactness apparently through the process of folding and proliferation of the epithelial cells. In the catfishes a definite pineal window is present. However, in N. chitala and Glossogobius giuris the roof of the cranium is thick over the pineal EV. But the scanty distribution of the pigment cells over the pineal apparently renders the area translucent. The dorsal sac (DS) and the pineal gland lacks a definite correlation in their structural relationship in the different species studied. In G. giuris and A. cuchia the DS is introverted into the third ventricle to form the choroid plexus and in many others it is in the form of an extroverted sac of varied size and shape. PMID- 7276546 TI - Biochemical variability in a tem sports situation. AB - Using 13 members of an amateur softball team during the last seven games of the regular season, associations were determined between overall offensive and defensive performance and levels of serum uric acid (SUA) and cholesterol, and urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline. Skilled players were found to have significantly lower cholesterol and noradrenaline levels than less skilled players whether the games were won or lost. Adrenaline and SUA levels did not differ between the two groups nor between losing or winning outcomes. The elevated cholesterol and noradrenaline levels found among the less skilled players may indicate that although they were stressed by the discrepancy between their expectations and their performance, they nonetheless maintained perceived control over performance because of the social support and reinforcement received from the other players and the coach. PMID- 7276547 TI - Stress, relaxation and saliva: a follow-up study involving clinical endodontic patients. AB - Dentally induced stress and relaxation-induced anxiety reduction recently have been correlated with salivary changes in private patients treated by a solo endodontist. Hypnosis was shown to be more effective than local anesthesia in anxiety reduction. Dental students and clinic patients were employed in this study in an attempt to replicate the previous findings. One additional salivary variable (pH) was examined. Twenty-nine endodontic clinic patients were treated, each by a different dental student. The patients completed dental anxiety questionnaires and had salivary samples taken prior to, and at the conclusion of, their initial endodontic treatments. Pain and anxiety were managed using local anesthesia, hypnosis, or nitrous oxide-oxygen, either alone or in combination. There were significant anxiety-reduction changes by the conclusion of the visits (p less than 0.001) as measured by increased salivary volume, increased salivary translucency, reduced salivary protein, increased salivary pH and reduced questionnaire-determined anxiety level. Hypnosis and nitrous oxide-oxygen were significantly more effective (p less than 0.05) than local anesthesia in anxiety reduction as measured by salivary changes and questionnaires. It can be concluded that saliva is an easily obtained fluid that can be used to determine levels of stress and relaxation. PMID- 7276549 TI - Moderator variables in life stress and illness relationship. AB - The relationship between life stress and physical illness was examined for the effects of potential moderator variables: The Sensation-Seeking Scale, health Locus of Control Scale, and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The Sensation-Seeking Scale proved to be a moderator with high sensation seekers (highest quartile) showing no significant correlations between life change and illness, while low sensation seekers (lowest quartile) showed a significant correlation. The Health Locus of Control Scale failed to differentiate between correlation levels for Internals and Externals. The Myers-Briggs provided several moderator variables. Introverts, Thinking and Sensing types showed larger correlations than their Extrovert, Feeling and Intuitive counterparts. The magnitudes and significance levels of these correlations suggest that the Myers-Briggs may have further usefulness in exploring the relationship between life change and illness. PMID- 7276548 TI - Coronary-prone behavior, social insecurity and stress among college-aged adults. AB - One hundred and seventy-four male college students completed a student version of the Jenkins Activity Scale, the Macmillan stress inventory, measures of social insecurity, and items concerning personal habits and preferences. Social insecurity and Type A behavior emerged as independent but additive factors associated with negative stress experience. Type A's as compared to Type B's, reported feeling more stress, having and desiring less social support, being more interested in various performance standards and being upset for a longer period of time following poor school performance. Interestingly, no difference emerged between A's and B's regarding the temporal impact of successful school performance. High Social Insecurity subjects reported feeling more stress, having less social support, being more upset following poor school performance and being more interested in social comparison information as compared to their Low Social Insecurity counterparts. The results are interpreted as supportive of the notion that social insecurity and Type A behavior may contribute to coronary heart disease by affecting one's exposure and physiological reactions to everyday life stressors. PMID- 7276550 TI - Nutrition in Australia. PMID- 7276551 TI - No fallacy in a controlled carbohydrate diet. PMID- 7276553 TI - Alcohol consumption and blood pressure in a group of young Australian males. AB - Several studies have suggested that regular consumption of alcoholic beverages is associated with hypertension. Recent studies, however, have implied tht whilst moderate or high ingestion of alcohol may be detrimental, a threshold exists for alcohol consumption below which alcohol may even exert a beneficial effect. As part of a larger study of a male, service population (average age 23 years) undergoing an initial training course of ten weeks duration, we measured both blood pressure and alcohol consumption in 350 men at entry and/or exit from the course. Alcohol intake was assessed using a supervised, self-administered dietary questionnaire which included two pre-tested measures of alcohol consumption. High alcohol consumption in these young men was not related to elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressure; neither was the recently reported lowering of blood pressure in low alcohol consumers compared to non-drinkers, apparent in this young population. The lack of relationship between alcohol consumption and blood pressure in this predominantly young group suggests that the relationship, if there is one, between these two factors only becomes clinically obvious either with longer exposure to alcohol, or in an older age group in whom the mechanism of control of blood pressure may already be somewhat compromised by other age related physiological changes which are not readily measurable. PMID- 7276552 TI - Effect of oral contraceptive use on ascorbic acid and vitamin A in lactation. PMID- 7276554 TI - The diet composition and nutritional knowledge of patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - A retrospective study of typical 24-h food intake was undertaken of the diets of 17 anorexia nervosa patients during the initial and the most severe phases of their illness. Patients completed a nutritional knowledge questionnaire. Patients' diets were significantly lower in energy and in all major nutrients than those of control subjects. The proportion of energy derived from protein was significantly higher, from fats significantly lower and from carbohydrates not significantly different from that of controls. The mean intake of all nutrients in the more severe phase of illness was lower in the initial phase. Intakes of calcium, retinol activity and ascorbic acid were below RDA levels in the majority of patients, but only a few reported intakes of thiamin, riboflavin and niacin equivalent below RDA values. Most patients scored higher on the nutritional knowledge questionnaire than matched controls, particularly in respect to questions concerning caloric content of food, dieting and roughage. Not all patients obtained high nutritional knowledge scores however, and 25 per cent performed less well than selected controls. PMID- 7276556 TI - Summarizing dietary patterns using multivariate analysis. AB - Data on the frequency of consumption of 76 foods were collected from 142 native born Australians of Australian or British parentage, 26 of Italian parentage and 140 Italian migrants to Australia. Clear separation of the three groups was achieved, using a few as 27 food items in a discriminant function analysis. Potatoes, cauliflower, pumpkin and salt were consumed more by Australians, while salad dressings and grapes were eaten more by Italians. Australian-Italians fell between the two groups, although they tended to be more like Italians. The discriminant score derived for each person was used as an overall food score and this was then related to the serum cholesterol level. There was no consistent relationship between food score and serum cholesterol level. PMID- 7276557 TI - Zinc and protein status in the elderly. AB - Protein and zinc status were assessed in 24 community based and 66 institutionalised elderly Australians, aged 60 to 99 years. Serum albumin concentrations were significantly related to both protein intake (r = 0.36, P less than 0.001) and zinc intake (r = 0.33, P less than 0.001). Plasma zinc concentrations were not related to zinc intake (r = 0.12, P greater than 0.05) or to protein intake (r = 0.007, P greater than 0.05). Thus in aged persons with low serum albumin, it would appear useful to consider both protein and zinc intake. PMID- 7276555 TI - High intakes of ascorbic acid and urinary oxalate. PMID- 7276558 TI - Food habits of the Dinka in the Jonglei area of Sudan - a preliminary study. PMID- 7276560 TI - Lack of binding of human C3, in its native state, to C3b receptors. PMID- 7276559 TI - Protection of neonatal mice against herpes simplex viral infection by human antibody and leukocytes from adult, but not neonatal humans. AB - Neither human immune globulin nor human mononuclear leukocytes (containing lymphocytes and monocytes) from herpes simplex virus (HSV) seronegative adult donors could protect infant C57BL/6 mice from a lethal HSV infection. In contrast, a combination of 5 X 10(6) leukocytes and a subneutralizing dose of antibody protected the mice. Leukocytes (5 X 10(6) or 1 X 10(7)) from neonatal humans and antibody could not mediate this protection. This is the first correlation between defective human neonatal leukocyte antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro and defective human neonate leukocyte antibody protection against HSV infection in vivo in mice. PMID- 7276562 TI - A new possible regulatory system for protein phosphorylation in human peripheral lymphocytes. I. Characterization of a calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. AB - A new species of protein kinase (protein kinase C), found in human peripheral lymphocytes, is 20 times more active than adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A) with histone as phosphate acceptor. This enzyme is normally present as an inactive form in soluble fraction, but attaches to membrane to exhibit full catalytic activity. This activation process is reversible, and absolutely requires Ca++. No other divalent cations can substitute for Ca++. The enzyme is independent of cyclic nucleotides. The active factor associated with membrane is phospholipid. The protein kinase shows a m.w. of 7.7 X 10(4). The pH optimum is 7.5 to 8.5. GTP does not serve as phosphate donor. The enzyme appears to show relatively broad substrate specificity that is distinctly different from that of protein kinase A. Although both protein kinases C and A react with H1 histone, analysis of the N-bromosuccinimide-bisected fragments of this radioactive histone has revealed that protein kinase C greatly favors seryl and threonyl residues of the C-terminal portion, whereas protein kinase A reacts preferentially with seryl residues in the N-terminal portion of this histone. Protein kinase C is protentially multifunctional and may regulate various Ca++-dependent cellular processes. It is noted that protein kinase C may be alternatively activated in an irreversible manner by limited proteolysis with Ca++-dependent neutral protease. The enzyme activated in this way is independent of Ca++ and membrane. PMID- 7276561 TI - Characterization of the human complement (c3b) receptor with a fluid phase C3b dimer. AB - The interaction of C3b receptor with C3b, the major cleavage product of C3, elicits important biologic functions, such as enhanced phagocytosis and release of cellular enzymes. We determined the binding kinetics and binding isotherm of C3b-receptor interaction by using human cells and fluid phase C3b generated by trypsin cleavage of purified native C3. 125I labeled C3b was separated into 2 molecular species, a dimer and a monomer by column chromatography. We found that dimeric C3b bound to human erythrocyte C3b receptors with an affinity that was more than 25 times that of the monomer. 125I dimeric C3b did not bind to sheep red blood cells, which lack the C3b receptor, nor to trypsinized or 2 mercaptoethanol treated normal human red blood cells, 2 methods for abrogating the immune adherence activity. Binding of 125I fluid phase C3b dimer to the C3b receptor was specific, saturable (about 90 ng of C3b dimer bound maximally per 1 X 10(9) red blood cells), reversible (in the presence of a 100-fold molar excess of unlabeled ligand), and of moderate affinity (Kd about 9.53 nM). The equilibrium binding constants were similar with the various cells tested. Binding was characterized by rapid on and off rates and did not exhibit ligand cooperativity. This specific interaction reached a steady state within 10 to 15 min at 0 degrees C; 50% of specifically bound ligand dissociated from its binding site on human red blood cells in approximately 1 min at 0 degrees C. The density of C3b receptors on human red blood cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and B lymphocyte-enriched preparations was 360, 20,000, 30,000, and 21,000 receptors/cell, respectively. PMID- 7276563 TI - A new possible regulatory system for protein phosphorylation in human peripheral lymphocytes. II. Possible relation to phosphatidylinositol turnover induced by mitogens. AB - Ca++-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase present in human peripheral lymphocytes requires a small amount of diacylglycerol in addition to phospholipid, particularly at lower concentrations of Ca++. It is necessary that such diacylglycerol contain unsaturated fatty acid at least at position 2. Saturated diacylglycerols such as dipalmitin and distearin are far less effective. Kinetic analysis indicates that unsaturated diacylglycerol greatly increases the apparent affinity of the enzyme for phospholipid, and sharply decreases the Ca++ concentration to the micromolar range that gives rise to the maximum enzyme activation. Among various phospholipids tested, phosphatidylserine is most active in supporting enzymatic activity. Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine are less effective. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, sphingomyelin, and lysophosphatidylcholine are inert. It is most likely, therefore, that various lymphocyte mitogens induce specific hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol to produce such an active unsaturated diacylglycerol, which in turn serves as a second messenger for the selective activation of this unique protein kinase. Dibucaine and chlorpromazine appear to interact with phospholipid and thereby inhibit the activation process of this enzyme. Cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinases are not susceptible to these phospholipid-interacting drugs. PMID- 7276564 TI - The biologic activity of mast cell granules. III. Purification of inflammatory factors of anaphylaxis (IF-A) responsible for causing latephase reactions. PMID- 7276565 TI - Phagocytosis and killing of the protozoan Leishmania donovani by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in host defense against Leishmania donovani, the protozoan that causes visceral leishmaniasis, is unknown. To assess the ability of PMN to ingest and kill the infecting promastigote stage of the organism, cytocentrifuge preparations were made from tumbled suspensions of 5 X 10(6) PMN, an equal number of promastigotes, and fresh human serum deficient in the 6th component of complement. 53 +/- 9% PMN were found to have 1 or more associated promastigotes, and 81 +/- 14 promastigotes were found per 100 PMN after 15 min at 37 degrees C. There was a corresponding decrease in extracellular promastigotes from 5 x 10(6) ml to 2.7 X 10(4)/ml. Superoxide anion was generated during phagocytosis. Ingetion was saturable with respect to promastigote concentration, required heat labile factors, and was minimal when suspensions were incubated in ice water. Intracellular killing of promastigotes was indicated by a decline in cell-associated organisms without a concomitant increase in extracellular promastigotes. Light and electron microscopy showed disintegration of intracellular promastigotes. Oxidative killing mechanisms appear to be required for PMN killing of this protozoan organism, since there was no decline in intracellular organisms in PMN from a donor with chronic granulomatous disease. Promastigotes studied in a phagocyte-free system were susceptible to H2O2 generated from glucose by glucose oxidase or added directly at greater than or equal to 10(-5) M. Killing was enhanced by the addition of lactoperoxidase (50 mU/ml) with KI (0.05 mM) and inhibited by fresh, but not boiled catalase in the glucose-glucose oxidase system. These studies demonstrate that human PMN can ingest and kill L. donovani by the H2O2-peroxidase-halide system and may be capable of providing host defense against the invading, promastigote stage of this pathogen. PMID- 7276566 TI - An 8th rabbit b allotype (b92) detected by a genetic study. AB - Genetic study of the progeny of a Spanish wild rabbit has revealed 2 unknown allotypic specificities that behave as encoded by alleles at the b locus. One of these A92 is described in this paper. This specificity is located on immunoglobulin light chains and cross-reacts with anti-b4 and presumably with anti-b9 sera. These data indicate that A92 is a "new" allotype of the b series and is thus designated b92. PMID- 7276567 TI - Spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis in chickens. I. Effects of bursal reconstitution. AB - Chicks from strains genetically susceptible or resistant to spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis were neonatally treated with cyclophosphamide to induce lymphocytic depletion of the bursa of Fabricius. The subsequent bursal repopulation with B cells from donors matched at the major histocompatibility locus showed B cells to be intricately associated with the pathogenesis of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis, although they themselves did not carry the potential for initiation of the disease. PMID- 7276569 TI - The metabolic relationships of the immunoglobulins in fish serum, cutaneous mucus, and bile. AB - Passive administration of homologous, radioiodinated, purified high m.w. (HMW) or low m.w. (LMW) serum immunoglobulin (Ig) into the sheepshead, a marine teleost, showed that the LMW Ig was neither an extracellular precursor nor a degradation product of the HMW Ig. These studies also showed that the half-lives of the HMW and LMW Ig were statistically identical, i.e., approximately 16 days. Furthermore, this work demonstrated that the Ig found in cutaneous mucus and bile were not due to transudation or active transport of either the serum HMW or LMW Ig. The implications of these later findings, coupled with previous physicochemical characterizations of the Ig in fish secretions, support the hypothesis that fish, similar to higher vertebrates, have a secretory immune system. PMID- 7276568 TI - Binding reactivity of C-reactive protein for polycations. II. Modulatory effects of calcium and phosphocholine. AB - C-reactive protein previously was shown to selectively and reversibly precipitate with certain small polymers of arginine and lysine. In the present report, calcium was shown to inhibit this reactivity in a dose-dependent manner, in direct contrast to the requirement for calcium for precipitation of CRP with C polysaccharide. However, in the presence of phosphocholine, CRP rapidly precipitated and formed stable complexes with the polycationic polymers in the otherwise inhibitory calcium concentrations. alpha-Glycerol-phosphocholine, unlike phosphocholine, did not reverse this inhibitory effect. These results extend the characterization of the binding reactivity of CRP for polycations and suggest a relationship between this binding site and the sites for calcium and phosphocholine. We propose that CRP-polycation interactions in the presence of phosphocholine may have physiologic significance during the acute inflammatory process. PMID- 7276570 TI - Monocyte-mediated killing of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni: alterations in human Schistosomiasis mansoni and tuberculosis. PMID- 7276571 TI - Interferon induces peripheral lymphadenopathy in mice. AB - Inoculation (i.p. or i.v.) of partially purified or highly purified (H.P.) mouse interferon (electrophoretically pure in SDS-PAGE gels) into different strains of mice (C3H, BALB/c, Swiss, heterozygote and athymic nu/nu C57BL/6) results in a marked increase in the weight and in the total number of cells in axillary and inguinal lymph nodes. Interferon injected into the hind footpad induced an increase in the weight of the ipsilateral popliteal lymph node compared with the contralateral lymph node. Inoculation of noninterferon proteins (impurities) obtained in the course of purification of this H.P. interferon, mock interferon, or human leukocyte interferon were without effect. Experiments were undertaken to elucidate the mechanism by which interferon induced an increase in the weight (number of cells) of peripheral lymph nodes. There was no evidence that the afflux of transferred chromium-labeled lymphoid cells to lymphoid tissue was increased in interferon-treated recipient mice. There was no evidence that interferon treatment resulted in a stimulation of the multiplication of cells within the peripheral lymph nodes. Since we observed a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the thoracic duct lymph and in the peripheal blood of interferon treated mice, we suggest that interferon treatment resulted in an inhibition of egress of lymphocytes from lymphoid tissue. The finding that interferon treatment of mice alters patterns of lymphocyte circulation may be relevant to some of the effects of interferon on the immune system and may explain in part the lymphadenopathy observed in the course of some viral infections. PMID- 7276572 TI - Genetics of susceptibility to pristane-induced plasmacytomas in BALB/cAn: reduced susceptibility in BALB/cJ with a brief description of pristane-induced arthritis. AB - BALB/cAn and BALB/cJ inbred strains of mice were separated 43 yr ago, but are still very closely related because they carry the same allelomorphs at many loci. When injected 3 times i.p. with 0.5 ml of pristane (2, 6, 10, 14 tetramethylpentadecane) 11% of strain BALB/cJ develop plasmacytomas in contrast to 61% in BALB/cAn sublines. BALB/cJ first injected with pristane as neonates also developed a reduced number of plasmacytomas as compared with BALB/cAn. About 20% of pristane-treated BALB/cAn and 70% of pristane-treated BALB/cJ develop arthritis, which first appeared in the ankle joints after a latent period of 4 mo or more. PMID- 7276573 TI - A comparison of the interactions of the mitogenic and nonmitogenic lima bean lectins with human lymphocytes. AB - Binding and mitogenic characteristics of the 2 Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) lectins have been examined with human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Chemical cross-linking of the nonmitogenic lima bean lectin produced a species that stimulated human lymphocytes as well as or better than the mitogenic lima bean lectin, which is a T lymphocyte mitogen with requirement for monocyte participation. The maximal stimulation and the dose response to the cross-linked lima bean lectin did not significantly differ from that observed with the mitogenic lectin. We have used fluorescein-labeled lima bean lectins to show that both lectins share mutually exclusive binding sites on lymphocytes. Our results strongly support the concept that multiple valence of lectins is important in inducing mitogenesis. Both the mitogenic and nonmitogenic lectins demonstrated selective binding by labeling only 70% od human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The fraction not binding lectin is a population of T lymphocytes. Competitive binding studies with the lima bean lectins and other N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectins suggest that the cell surface receptors for these various lectins may be quite different. We have also studied the response of human lymphocytes to the lima bean lectins and soybean agglutinin after neuraminidase treatment. As previously demonstrated (22), neuraminidase treatment of the cells drastically altered the binding and mitogenic response to soybean agglutinin. Lima bean lectin binding to the treated cells was also markedly increased, but the mitogenic response was essentially unaffected. PMID- 7276574 TI - Cellular killing of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus: eosinophil and neutrophil-mediated immune serum-dependent destruction. PMID- 7276575 TI - IgE responses in human filariasis. I. Quantitation of filaria-specific IgE. AB - We have developed a noncompetitive solid phase radioimmunoassay to quantitate human IgE antibodies against soluble adult antigens of Brugia malayi (B.m.), a filarial parasite, in sera of patients with various forms of clinical filariasis in Madras, India. A single reference serum was shown to contain 23 micrograms/ml of B.m.-specific IgE by depletion analysis and was used as a standard serum throughout the study. The levels of specific IgE ranged in the patients sera from 2 to 23,000 ng/ml. When these individuals were divided into clinical groups, the individuals with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia had the highest levels (mean = 8630 ng/ml) and were significantly higher than all the other groups (p less than 0.001). The lowest levels were seen in patients with circulating microfilariae (mean = 30.5 ng/ml). Patients exhibiting lymphatic obstruction (i.e., chronic pathology group) had levels slightly higher than microfilaremics (mean = 68 ng/ml) but were not significantly different (p less than 0.1). Surprisingly, individuals living in endemic areas but who had no clinical signs of filariasis also showed appreciable levels of B.m.-specific IgE (mean = 55 ng/ml). The B.m. specific IgE represented 0.1 to 48% of the total IgE. High percentages of specific IgE may be responsible for evoking allergic symptomatology in patients with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. PMID- 7276577 TI - Opsonization of pneumococci. I. Heat-labile serum activity other than complement is required for killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7276578 TI - Opsonization of pneumococci. II. Metabolic effects of a "third" human serum activity that mediates intracellular killing. AB - We investigated the mechanisms by which a serum activity, neither complement nor immunoglobulin, mediates killing of pneumococci by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Electron microscopy revealed type 25 pneumococci to be within PMN when incubated in normal serum, in serum absorbed twice at 0 degrees C with type 25 pneumococci, or in absorbed plus heat-inactivated serum. Uptake of radiolabeled bacteria, and activation of oxygen consumption and of the hexose monophosphate shunt by PMN with pneumococci, were similar in normal serum, absorbed serum, or the combination of absorbed and heat-activated serum. Reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and of cytochrome c by PMN in the presence of type 25 pneumococci and absorbed serum, with or without heat-inactivated serum were one third and one-half, respectively, of those in normal serum. Likewise, protein iodination was one-half that in normal serum. Reduction of cytochrome c by cytochalasin B-treated PMN was the same in normal, absorbed, or absorbed plus heat-inactivated serum. Furthermore, release of beta-glucuronidase from PMN after ingestion of pneumococci in 10% normal, absorbed, or absorbed plus heat inactivated serum was identical. These data indicate that the "third" serum activity is not necessary for attachment of pneumococci to or ingestion by PMN, nor is it necessary for stimulation of the plasma membrane oxidase. Rather, it functions somehow in intracellular killing. PMID- 7276580 TI - Determination of relative antigen-antibody affinities by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. AB - The relative affinities of an antibody population of different antigens or of different antibody populations for one antigen can be determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. Antigen-antibody interactions of greater average affinity result in a greater increase in rocket area as a function of the amount of antigen applied to the wells. This is measured as the slope of the line in plots of rocket area versus antigen amount. Quantitative immunoelectrophoresis of different antigens, which nevertheless have the same affinity for antibody, produces plots with the same slopes. The relative magnitudes of the slopes of these lines reflect the relative average affinities of different antibody populations for an antigen. PMID- 7276579 TI - Characterization of the recognition of target cells sensitive or resistant to cytolysis by activated rat peritoneal macrophages. AB - The interaction between tumoricidal rat peritoneal exudate macrophages and normal or neoplastic target cells has been examined both with respect to the sensitivity of the target cells to macrophage-mediated cytolysis and the ability of such targets to compete with one another for the lytic activity of macrophages. The results demonstrate that, in confirmation of earlier work from other laboratories, target cells are either sensitive or largely resistant to lysis, and such sensitivity correlates well with the neoplastic phenotype of the target cell. However, in target cell competition experiments all cultured cells as well as Con A-stimulated splenocytes and freshly isolated thymocytes exhibit the capacity to block cytolysis of sensitive indicator targets. In contrast, freshly prepared non-mitogen-stimulated splenic or lymph node lymphocytes are completely devoid of competitive activity. These results show that macrophages can recognize and interact with both normal and tumorigenic cells and that such target recognition can be distinguished from target cytolysis. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that at least 1 target cell feature that correlates with recognition is cell cycle traverse. PMID- 7276576 TI - Recognition of alternate alleles and mapping of the Qa1 locus. AB - Cytotoxicity testing of a new antiserum, B10.A anti-A. TIab, indicates that we have identified products of the Qa1b locus. The strain distribution is antithetical to Qa1a except for strain B10.M, which is reactive with both anti Qa1a and anti-Qa1b sera, and defines a third allele, Qa1d. Two new recombinants that separate Qa1 and TIa have been established and indicate that Qa1 maps telomeric to TIa. In addition, we have found evidence that other loci, also on chromosome 17, modify the level of detectability of Qa1 antigens by cytotoxic testing. PMID- 7276581 TI - Cell surface fixation of alloantigen bearing plasma vesicles in the presence of polyethylene glycol. AB - The fixation of plasma vesicles at the surface of intact mouse spleen or tumor cells was studied in order to introduce the foreign alloantigens of the vesicles into the plasma membrane of these cells. A 3-6-fold increase of fixation of radioiodinated vesicles was obtained when cells and vesicles were incubated in the presence of polyethylene glycol 1500 (PEG 1500). The fixation of vesicles on the surface of cells was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. Cells treated with vesicles in the presence of PEG acquired the corresponding membrane alloantigens, as demonstrated by cellular binding radioimmunoassay. However, sensitivity to antibody-dependent lysis was obtained only when vesicle fixation was achieved in the presence of both wheat germ agglutinin and polyethylene glycol. The introduction of foreign alloantigens in the plasma membrane of the treated cells might help to define the functional properties of these molecules. PMID- 7276582 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-histone antibodies and their presence in systemic lupus erythematosus sera. AB - We describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with adsorption of histones (total and fractions) on glass beads and saturation of excess sites with sheep serum. The anti-histone antibodies are detected with peroxidase conjugate and developed with Trinder's reagent which has great stability. This very sensitive method detects anti-histone antibodies in 53% of SLE patients and in virtually no other diseases. Positive reactions are observed only with total histones and fractions H1 and H2b. PMID- 7276583 TI - A stable, sensitive assay for human fibronectin. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay system to quantitate human fibronectin has been developed. This assay utilizes 125I-labeled affinity purified IgG directed against human plasma fibronectin. The sensitivity of this system is comparable to conventional (labeled antigen) radioimmunoassays having a detection limit of approximately 0.5 ng. This assay is relatively rapid (less than 24 h), the reagents are stable at 4 degrees C (less than 2 months), and the reproducibility is excellent. Both human plasma and cellular fibronectin react equivalently in this assay. PMID- 7276584 TI - Composition and immunochemical properties of glycoproteins with anti-B agglutinin activity isolated from Euonymus sieboldiana seeds. AB - Five major glycoproteins with anti-B agglutinin activity were isolated from seeds of Euonymus Sieboldiana by a procedure based on precipitation with ammonium sulphate, Sepharose 4B gel filtration, CM- and DEAE-Sepharose chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The purified glycoproteins each gave a single symmetrical peak on Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration with elution volumes corresponding to molecular weights of approximately 15,000 to 130,000, each forming a single precipitin line on gel diffusion plates with anti-E. Sieboldiana antibody. These anti-B glycoproteins were rich in acidic amino acids without cysteine and methionine and contained about 8--36% carbohydrate, of which galactose, arabinose and glucose were the predominant sugars, with small amounts of glucosamine, rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose and ribose. The most anti-B active lectin agglutinated human B red blood cells at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml and was strongly inhibited by melibiose. The three other lectins with anti-B agglutinin activity, however, were not inhibited by any galactose containing glycosides. PMID- 7276585 TI - The average women and the eternal female: gleanings from retirement. PMID- 7276586 TI - The recruiting process in a medical office: medical practice management. PMID- 7276587 TI - The five fingers of cardiology. PMID- 7276588 TI - Simple removal of inclusion cysts. PMID- 7276590 TI - [Urological weekend, Zaragoza, Spain, 1-2 February 1980]. PMID- 7276589 TI - Extracranial to intracranial cortical vessel anastomosis for the treatment of vascular obstructions to the brain. PMID- 7276591 TI - [Exploration of the retroperitoneum. Our experience]. PMID- 7276592 TI - [Perirenal phlegmon. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7276594 TI - [Contribution of echotomography in the diagnosis of adrenal tumors]. PMID- 7276593 TI - [Problems in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal sclerosis]. PMID- 7276595 TI - [Retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 7276596 TI - [The kidneys and the adrenal glands. New methods of imaging]. PMID- 7276597 TI - [The ureter and retroperitoneal vascular pathology]. PMID- 7276598 TI - [Tumours of the upper excretory tract. A series of 130 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276599 TI - [Urethral stenosis in the young girl, myth or reality? Comparison of clinical, radiological, instrumental and urodynamic data (author's transl)]. AB - In 240 girls aged between three and fifteen years with mictional problems or urological infectious complications, 58 had radiological appearances of urethral stenosis. A complete clinical, urographic, urodynamic, endoscopic and instrumental study was performed in these 58 children. The majority of these young girls suffered from frequency with urgency, enuresis, pyuria and radiological and endoscopic appearances of trabeculated bladder. Thirteen showed signs of vesico-ureteric reflux. A basic fact: only two of the children had meatal stenosis. All the others had a urethral calibre larger than normal. Almost all the children had an unstable bladder, but with the exception of the two girls with a tight meatal stenosis, none had urodynamic data compatible with poor stream or vesico-sphincter dysinergism. The author concluded in the existence and the exceptional nature of true stenosis of the terminal urethra in the young girl. Most often, in the absence of true stenosis, there is nevertheless a functional stenosis related to contraction of the striate sphincter intended to overcome contraction of the unstable bladder. Such non-inhibited bladders are the site of marked disinhibition contractions without any element of outlet obstruction no increase in urethral resistance and no increase in micturation pressures. Disturbances of day and night continence are essential. Vesical trabeculations are a logical consequence, easy to understand, but the episodes of recurrent infection and the development of vesico-ureteric reflux (present in 13 of the girls) are rather more complicated to explain. This pathological state is most often reversible as the bladder matures. Nevertheless, bladder education, pharmacological treatment, dilatations and urethrotomy may help such children. Such treatment has given favourable results in 50% of cases. PMID- 7276600 TI - [Renal lithogenesis (author's transl)]. AB - The author incriminates two essential factors in renal lithogenesis: tubular and papillary. The tubular factor. Calcium microliths with a diameter greater than that of the collecting duct damage the wall of the duct, pass into the interstitium of the Malpighian pyramid and accumulate beneath the epithelium of the pitted zone forming the sub-epithelial plaque of Randall. Identification of such lesions is essential in avoiding the recurrence of lithiasis. However, in order for microliths to form, it is also necessary for there to be prolonged stagnation of urine in the collecting duct. Accumulation of such microliths forms the nucleus of the future calyceal calculus. The papillary factor. A whole series of papillary factors (entirely independent of the Randall plaque, the origin of which is tubular) favor the deposit of calcium on pathological papillary tissue. Thus, in the opinion of the author, combined tubular and papillary factors represent the essential factors in lithogenesis and, if they are not eliminated at the time of the treatment of lithiasis, are the essential factors in its recurrence. PMID- 7276601 TI - [Intra-renal purulent retention. Review of two years' experience (author's transl)]. AB - In acute obstructive pyelonephritis, obstruction is the most dangerous factor. This danger is for the kidney where pyelocanalicular reflux is responsible for interstitial nephritis and pyonephrosis. A danger also for the life of the patient, since pyelo-venous and pyelo-lymphatic reflux are responsible for septicaemia. During a short period of two years, the authors have been able, thanks to cooperation of all physicians working in their teaching hospital group, to collect 89 cases of acute obstructive pyelonephritis, 29 of them with concomitant septicaemia. By virtue of their resolutely aggressive attitude, relief of urinary tract obstruction was obtained on average only 15 hours after hospitalisation of the patients. Fifty nine of these patients had lithiasis. Despite such rapid care, it should be emphasised that 11 patients died. This reflects the gravity of such retention of infected urine proximal to the upper excretory tract. This gravity is considerably multiplied by the onset of septicaemia. Among the 11 deaths, 9 were in the group of 29 patients with septicaemia, whilst there were only 2 deaths amongst the group of 60 patients with no clinical evidence of septicaemia. In the opinion of the authors, treatment should, whenever possible, include elimination of the obstruction and thorough urinary drainage. In the presence of any apparently isolated septicaemia, it is essential to seek a renal cause. The rapidity of the elimination of obstruction of the urinary tract is the essential step in treatment, antibiotics being only an adjuvant. PMID- 7276602 TI - [The conservative treatment of an isolated angiomyolipoma of the kidney on the basis of one case treated by tumorectomy ex-vivo (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a quite exceptional case of isolated angiomyolipoma of one kidney in the absence of any manifestation of phakomatosis. Discovery of the tumour led to special investigations which confirmed the solid and hypervascularised nature of the tumour. A doubt remained with regard to its precise nature, and hence an extended nephrectomy, though without damage to the vessels at the time of section. The kidney was cooled and preserved by perfusion which allowed time for adequate histological study. The diagnosis of angiomyolipoma being confirmed, without the slightest risk of dissemination if by chance it had not been a benign tumour, the kidney was transplanted into the lumbar fossa via its own vessels with an excellent result. The authors discuss two problems on the basis of this case: 1) That of preoperative diagnostic difficulties: the scanner provides valuable information when it reveals the presence of intra-tumoral fatty tissue. 2) Difficulties in management when the benign nature of the lesion cannot be confirmed before histological examination. The solution adopted: routine extended nephrectomy with ex-vivo perfusion of the kidney making it possible to obey the basic rules of oncology. Frozen section biopsy confirms the diagnosis of angiomyolipoma. It is then possible to auto transplant the kidney after tumorectomy. PMID- 7276603 TI - [Urethroplasty for hypospadias. Complications of one-stage and several-stage operations (author's transl)]. AB - The author, who's considerable personal experience is based on 411 cases of hypospadias in children operated at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A.), emphasizes: 1 The importance of a strict assessment of results, considering not only fistulas and apparent cosmetic results, but also stenoses of urethroplasty, sacculations, meatic stenoses and stricture, and insufficient correction of the penile curve. 2 The capacity to choose, in each particular case, between several procedures. 3 The unquestionable security offered by correction in three separate stages: straightening of the penis, urethroplasty by burrowing in the scrotum then resurfacing. 4 The difficulty of re-operation which leads to 60% of complications and needs several surgical stages. In short, you can't improvise the treatment of hypospadias. PMID- 7276604 TI - [The use of mercapto-propionyl-glycine in the treatment of cystine lithiasis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the first results of the use of mercaptopropionyl-glycine (M.P.G.) in the solubilising and preventive treatment of cystine lithiasis. This substance results in the formation of a soluble cystine M.P.G. complex. It increases the solubility of cystine much more than D-penicillinamine. Twenty one cases of cystinuric cystine lithiasis were treated in this way, combined with forced diuresis, alkalinisation of the urine and uricolytic treatment. In 4 of their 21 patients, calculi disappeared completely, whilst in another 3 they decreased in size. Recurrence of lithiasis was avoided in 20 patients out of 21. These impressive results are similar to those in the brief literature concerned with the substance. Toxicity is virtually nil and its efficacy make this the drug par excellence for cystine lithiasis. PMID- 7276605 TI - [Spontaneous renocolic fistula from lithiasic pyonephrosis (author's transl)]. AB - A patient developed a spontaneous communication between the left kidney pelvis and the descending colon following a lithiasic pyonephrosis. Signs of sepsis were present and diagnosis was based on urological findings only. Treatment consisted of left nephrectomy combined with a colectomy and an end-to-end anastomosis of the large intestine. The published literature is reviewed. PMID- 7276606 TI - [Vesico-renal reflux and compensatory renal hypertrophy (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of vesico-renal reflux on the proximal kidney vary widely from one child to another and there remains considerable disagreement concerning the harmful consequences of reflux. Even more curious is the fact that in the same child, bilateral, symmetrical and infected reflux with distension of the urinary tract may be accompanied by severe involvement of one kidney whilst the contralateral kidney is not only free of any problem but sometimes even in a state of compensatory hypertrophy. Eight examples (out of a series of 310 cases of reflux in the child) are reported, renal function being assessed by quantitative renal scintigraphy. It would seem that the manner of reaction of a kidney subjected to reflux varies according to whether it is previously healthy or already damaged. But what are the nature and pathogenesis of such pre-existent lesions? Why do they affect some kidneys but not others? PMID- 7276607 TI - [Anatomical study of the twelfth intercostal nerve and oblique lumbotomies (author's transl)]. AB - After a very precise anatomical review, the authors report the results of an anatomo-radiological study involving 244 urography films. The usual length of the 12th rib is 11 cm, with a width of 1 cm in the female and 1.5 cm in the male. The costo-lumbar angle was 45 degrees in 3/4 of the films. The kidney was often lower in the female than in the male. The renal artery was almost always given off at the level of the 12th rib or below, whilst at the level of the hilum, the renal artery and 12th rib having crossed, the artery was always above the 12th rib. Study of 173 usable cases of patients operated upon by lumbotomy revealed the following data: --lumbotomies on the 12th rib never opened the pleura, and gave rise to transient wall pain (7%) and one single case of abdominal wall hypotonia (1.4%) with no incisional hernias; --lumbotomies over the 11th rib were associated with 13% of cases of damage to the pleura, 16% of spontaneously resolving wall pain, 7 cases of prolonged parietal hypotonia and one incisional hernia out of 60 lumbotomies; --lumbotomies sub-jacent to the 12th rib were associated with residual abdominal wall pain in 3 cases out of 16. Lumbotomies over the 11th rib are associated with the risk of section of the superficial and deep abdominal branch of the 12th nerve and are hence those exposing to the greatest risk of abdominal wall hypotonia and neuralgia. Incision over the 12th rib would thus appear to be that associated with the least abdominal wall complications. PMID- 7276610 TI - [Persistent urinary incontinence after posterior urethral valve endoscopic section in boys. Urodynamic study (author's transl)]. AB - Urinary incontinence persisted in 8 boys of school age after posterior urethral valve endoscopic section. An essential fact is that all the boys had urinary incontinence before operation. Other lesions, particular infection, vesico ureteral, reflux, or upper urinary tract affections, were absent. The obstructive nature of the urethral valves was suggested by the clarity of the valvular image on radiography, moderately increased vesical pressure during micturition, and supravalvular dilatation of the posterior urethra. Postoperative micturition urethrography was normal in nearly all cases, and yet urinary incontinence from vesical instability, as demonstrated by dynamic tests in each child, persisted unchanged. The authors consider that in children shown to have a posterior urethral valve with urinary incontinence from vesical instability, and in the absence of other manifestations apart perhaps from some dysuria, endoscopic section of the valve may modify micturition, but cannot completely suppress vesical instability. The persistence of this instability could be the cause of the continuing incontinence. PMID- 7276609 TI - [Female epispadias (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a rare malformation : a minor form of epispadias responsible for urinary stress incontinence. This incontinence was present during childhood, disappeared during adolescence and recurred following several pregnancies. The diagnosis was made on the basis of separation of the labia minora combined with apparent absence of the clitoris. The authors report a perfect result with a two year follow-up, obtained by V-Y plasty of the bladder neck associated with aponeurotic suspension using the technique of Gobbel-Stoeckel. The risk of increasing existing reflux led to the performance at the same time of a bilateral anti-reflux operation by advancement. This case is of interest by virtue of its rarity. PMID- 7276611 TI - The carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of therapeutic coal tar--a perspective. PMID- 7276608 TI - [Mesothelioma of the spermatic cord (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276612 TI - Fibronectin: review of its structure and possible functions. PMID- 7276613 TI - Mutagenicity of urine from psoriatic patients undergoing treatment with coal tar and ultraviolet light. AB - The possible percutaneous absorption of the mutagens from patients receiving crude coal tar (CCT) and ultraviolet light was investigated. Urine samples were collected from nonsmoking volunteers, smoking, and nonsmoking psoriatic patients. Patients were treated with 1% CCT U.S.P. or 1 to 10% CCT in petrolatum in the evening. The following morning, patients received coal tar baths and then ultraviolet light (mainly 290-320 nm, UVB). Nonpolar organics in urine samples were extracted by adsorption onto XAD-2 resin and the extracted organics assayed in the Ames Salmonella/Microsome test. TA98 was the most sensitive bacterial strain to detect mutagenicity. Except for smoking psoriatic patients, the addition of liver homogenate was necessary to see mutagenicity. No increase in the number of revertants was observed when B-glucuronidase was added to the assay. Of 14 patients studied 12 had at least one mutagenic urine sample. Typical values for nonsmoking psoriatics treated with CCT ranged from 42 to 496 his +/20 ml of urine after the subtraction of spontaneous his + counts (26 +/- 6). Two nonsmoking normal volunteers were found to excrete mutagenic urines. Smoking psoriatic patients ranged from 213 to 1,100 his +/20 ml urine. This study demonstrates the percutaneous absorption of mutagens from CCT and indicates that its effects may not be limited to the skin. PMID- 7276615 TI - Cultivation at low temperature as a measure to prevent contamination with fibroblasts in epithelial cultures from human skin. AB - A major problem in cultivating normal human skin epithelium is overgrowth of the epidermal cells by fibroblasts. In this report we show that it is possible to obtain pure epithelial cell cultures by lowering the incubation temperature to 32 33 degrees C. Whereas the epithelial growth proceeds unchanged at this temperature, the growth of fibroblasts is strongly inhibited. PMID- 7276614 TI - Hormonal regulation of epidermal tumor development. AB - The effects of hormones and hormone-like substances such as thyroxine, estradiol, hydrocortisone, calcitonin, prostaglandins (F2a, A2) or hormone deficiency (hypophysectomy, gonadectomy) on the development of carcinomas in mice and rats induced by 3-methylcholanthrene were investigated. Thyroxine, PGF2a, calcitonin, and estradiol markedly enhanced the development of squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas; an inhibition occurred following hydrocortisone, hypophysectomy, and gonadectomy. DNA labeling using [3H]-thymidine and radioautography revealed that DNA synthesis in neoplastic cells is also markedly influenced by the same hormones. Tumor histology and ultrastructure are profoundly affected and an increase of epithelial pearls, hyperchromatic basophilic cells, tonofilaments, polyribosomes, and lysosomes is observed following thyroxine and PGF2a. An increase of keratinization and intramitochondrial granules occurred with estradiol and increased sclerosis followed calcitonin. A marked reduction of cell organelles occurred after hydrocortisone, hypophysectomy, and gonadectomy. Scanning electron microscopy shows salient changes in tumor cytoarchitecture and cell surfaces (blebs, ruffles). These findings demonstrate that hormones can change the development of carcinomas, DNA synthesis as well as their cellular differentiation and consequently may be important modulators of epidermal carcinogenesis. PMID- 7276616 TI - Transepidermal water loss as a function of skin surface temperature. AB - Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured as a function of skin temperature, using human cadaver skin in modified skin diffusion chambers. A formula was derived to allow conversion of TEWL at any skin temperature to a standard reference temperature. This formula permits more accurate comparison of TEWL within and between subjects. PMID- 7276617 TI - Induction of lymphocyte differentiation by epidermal cultures. AB - Human and murine lymphoid cell populations were induced to express terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, a marker of early lymphoid differentiation, by exposure to allogeneic or syngeneic epidermal cells. Control growth medium, fibroblasts, or a mammary epithelial cell line did not induce this marker. These findings suggest that epidermal cells can induce lymphoid cell differentiation in vitro. PMID- 7276619 TI - Estimation of sebum production rates in man by measurement of the squalene content of skin biopsies. AB - Previous studies have shown that lipids are synthesized at a constant rate in sebaceous glands and secreted onto the skin surface an average of 8 days after synthesis. As a result, measurement of the sebum content of a skin specimen of known surface area should allow calculation of the sebum production rate which had been occurring in vivo. In the present study, such measurements have been made on scalp skin specimens from 14 men. The amount of sebum in 4-mm punch biopsies was calculated from the squalene content of the specimens, as measured by quantitative thin-layer chromatography of lipid extracts. The average sebum production rate for the group was found to be 1.45 mg/10 sq cm/3 hr. PMID- 7276618 TI - Hapten specific TNP-reactive cytotoxic effector cells using epidermal cells as targets. AB - Epidermal spongiosis, invasion of mononuclear cells into the epidermis, and epidermal cell destruction are regular findings in allergic contact dermatitis. The mechanism(s) by which these changes occur is not known. We have examined the possibility that some of the pathological changes observed in allergic contact dermatitis could be accounted for by invasion of the epidermis by cytotoxic effector cells which recognize hapten-modified self-antigens and therein cause epidermal cell destruction. C3H and BALB/c mice were sensitized by epicutaneously applied 7% trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB). 14 days later spleen cells from these mice were stimulated in vitro to trinitrophenylated- (TNP-conjugated) syngeneic spleen cells and their responses were compared to the in vitro responses of spleen cells from unsensitized mice. After 5 days of culture, effector cell activity was assayed on 51Cr-labeled TNP-conjugated syngeneic epidermal cells and on unconjugated epidermal cells. Cytotoxic activity was detected in the spleens of both mouse strains, but was greater in the C3H than the BALB/c strain. The cytotoxic effector cell activity was hapten specific in that spleen cells from TNCB sensitized mice did not cause lysis of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated epidermal cells and spleen cells from FITC sensitized mice did not cause lysis of TNP-conjugated epidermal cells. No significant cytotoxic activity was detected on unconjugated epidermal cells. These findings suggest that destruction of the epidermis in allergic contact dermatitis may be contributed to by sensitized cytotoxic effector cells. PMID- 7276620 TI - The proliferative and toxic effects of ultraviolet light and inflammation on epidermal pigment cells. AB - The ear of the mouse is useful for studying the effects of ultraviolet light on epidermal pigment cells. The quantity of light penetrating into the skin causing an inflammatory response can be assessed easily by measuring with an engineering calipers the swelling of the ear. The inflammatory response of the ear exhibits a linear relationship to the dose of light delivered. We observed that doses of shortwave ultraviolet light which are noninflammatory when repeated at daily intervals induce moderate to severe inflammation. Small doses of psoralen and prolonged exposure to UVA (PUVA) were more inflammatory than larger amounts of psoralen and short exposure to light. Doses of shortwave ultraviolet light and PUVA which produce only a minimal inflammation of the skin stimulate the proliferation of epidermal melanocytes. In contrast, PUVA in doses sufficiently large to cause a marked inflammatory reaction in the skin seems injurious to pigment cells and kills them or causes only a minimal proliferative response. The inflammatory reaction itself does not seem to stimulate or inhibit the proliferation of melanocytes. Prostaglandins A, E, and F2 alpha have no effect on the proliferation of epidermal pigment cells. In contrast, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and allergic contact dermatitis increase the numerical density of pigment cells. Steroids may block the function of the enzyme tyrosinase. Our experiments indicate that pigment cells, like many other varieties of cells, are susceptible to injury and can be killed at least by large doses of PUVA. PMID- 7276621 TI - Blood flow in fingers in generalized scleroderma with Raynaud's phenomenon: influence of arterial blood pressure reduction and proximal vasodilatation. AB - Maximum reactive hyperemia following vascular occlusion can be taken as an estimate of tissue blood flow capacity. Ten patients with generalized scleroderma and Raynaud's phenomenon and 7 normals were studied. Blood flow was estimated in subcutaneous tissue of fingers by the local 133Xenon washout technique. Blood pressure cuffs were applied around the upper arm and a finger just proximal to the 133Xenon depot. Blood flow was estimated before and after inflation of each cuff. Decrease in arterial perfusion pressure head in fingers was obtained in 3 ways, viz. (a) by proximal vasodilatation, (b) by elevation of the limb, and (c) the combination of (a) and (b). At heart level, maximum 133Xenon washout rate was always lower when the whole arm participated in the hyperemia illustrating the effect of proximal vasodilatation. Maximum blood flow was significantly decreased in the patients as compared to normals. When the fingers were elevated by 40 cm, reactive hyperemia disappeared in the patients. In normals, hyperemia was not abolished until the fingers were elevated by 60 cm. This simple maneuvre might be a suitable provocation test showing the effect of a decrease in arterial perfusion pressure, when organic vascular stenosis exists. Seemingly unimportant lowerings of systemic blood pressure probably are followed by similar changes in finger blood pressure in the patients where they may represent a drastic reduction in blood pressure. This effect may have consequences for the use of systemic vasodilator drugs in late scleroderma. PMID- 7276622 TI - The effect of photochemotherapy (PUVA) on cell mediated immunity in the guinea pig. AB - Guinea pigs were injected intraperitoneally with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and afterwards the shaved right flank was irradiated with UV-A. This treatment was performed daily for 14 days. Seven days after treatment started they were immunized with ovalbumin in Freund's complete adjuvant and 7 days later skin tested with ovalbumin on the unirradiated left flank. Photochemotherapy (8-MOP plus UV-A) did not alter the total white blood cells or the proportion of lymphocytes or granulocytes. However, this treatment significantly depressed the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to ovalbumin; nonspecific inflammation, induced by intradermal turpentine, was not altered. In addition, treatment with 8-MOP alone suppressed the skin reaction to ovalbumin, but not to the same extent as treatment with 8-MOP and UV-A. 8-MOP plus UV-A had no effect on macrophage migration inhibition factor but it did significantly depress mitogen and antigen specific lymphocyte transformation. PMID- 7276623 TI - Cryptic epidemic of Q fever in a medical school. AB - Pregnant sheep used in perinatel research were the source of a large outbreak of Q fever in 1980 among the faculty and staff of a medical school. Complement fixation tests with phase II Coxiella burnetii antigen were positive in 81 persons, of whom 58 (71.6%) had Q fever during the first eight months of 1980. Microagglutination and/or indirect immunofluorescence tests of 485 sera were positive in an additional 56 persons. Only 41 of the 137 seropositive persons were involved in caring for or working with sheep; the remaining 96(70.1%) persons were located along the routes followed by sheep carts or had been exposed to sheep in other ways. Early in the outbreak few patients sought medical help. Later, most patients reported promptly and responded favorably to therapy with tetracycline. Sheep were removed from the campus in July 1980; cases ceased one month later. Other medical centers engaged in research with pregnant sheep should be alert to the risk of Q fever. PMID- 7276624 TI - Anaerobic and other fastidious microorganisms in asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. AB - Urine from 44 pregnant women with known or suspected renal disease (group 1) and from 50 healthy pregnant women (group 2) with negative routine cultures of midstream urine was obtained by suprapubic aspiration. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures showed bacteriuria in 70% of the women in group 1 and in 26% of those in group 2. Gardnerella vaginalis was the most frequently isolated organism. Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from 14(48%) of 29 women in group 1 and from two (12.5%) of 16 women in group 2. Radiologic studies showed a high incidence of underlying renal disease in asymptomatic women with bacteriuria. Localization testing indicated kidney infection in six of 14 women in group 1 and in one of four women in group 2. These findings suggest that there is an increased susceptibility to colonization of the bladder with these microorganisms during pregnancy and that persistence of infection and renal involvement are associated with underlying renal disease. PMID- 7276626 TI - Persistence of humoral and cell-mediated immunity to rubella virus in cloistered nuns and in schoolteachers. AB - Humoral and cell-mediated immunity to rubella virus after naturally acquired infection were compared in 19 cloistered nuns (29-79 years of age), 18 female schoolteachers (21-61 years of age), and 21 female control subjects (20-30 years of age), who were all seropositive for rubella virus, by use of a hemagglutination-inhibition test, a passive hemagglutination test, a hemolysis-in gel test, a radioimmunoassay, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and lymphocyte transformation tests. No significant differences were found among the groups by the radioimmunoassay, the hemolysis-in-gel test, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cloistered nuns had significantly lower cell-mediated immunity to rubella virus than did the teachers and the control subjects but nonetheless showed protective levels of antibody to rubella virus and significant lymphocyte transformation responses, which persisted until age 79 in the probable absence of reinfection. PMID- 7276625 TI - Risk factors for infections of the oropharynx and the respiratory tract in patients with acute leukemia. AB - The pathogenicity of microorganisms isolated by surveillance cultures, the neutrophil count in the peripheral blood, and the interaction of the two factors were analyzed as risk factors for infections of the oropharynx and the respiratory tract in patients with acute leukemia being treated in strict reverse isolation under antimicrobial modulation. A statistical method was developed for the identification of bacteria, the presence of which was correlated with an increased risk of infection. A significantly increased risk was found mainly for species of Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, and Pseudomonas. The degree of neutropenia was significantly correlated with the risk of infection, which was influenced by the microbiologic state of the oropharynx. Thus, patients with gram negative bacilli had significantly more days with infection at all levels of neutropenia than patients without gram-negative bacilli. These two risks factors were additive but did not potentiate each other. PMID- 7276627 TI - Immunopathology of murine infection with Schistosoma mansoni: relationship of genetic background to hepatosplenic disease and modulation. AB - The influence of genetic factors on the manifestations of disease associated with infection with Schistosoma mansoni (portal hypertension, liver granulomas, hepatosplenomegaly) and their modulation were studied in inbred strains of mice. Three groups were identified according to the degree of portal hypertension: high (portal venous pressure, 19.1 cm H2O: DBA/1J), intermediate (8.9-13.4 cm H2O; BALB/cJ, DBA/2J, CBA/CaJ, C3H/HeJ, and BUB/BnJ), and low responders (6.1 cm H2O; C57BL/6J). Granuloma size, organomegaly, and portal venous pressure were strain dependent and not H-2 dependent and were determined by more than one gene. Studies of schistosomiasis in the F1 generation of high and low responders indicated that more than one gene is involved. Modulation of portal venous pressure between eight and 20 weeks of infection occurred in C57BL/6J but not in BALB/cJ mice and was transferable with immune lymphoid cells. These data indicate that disease associated with infection with S. mansoni and its modulation in mice are influenced by the genetic (non-H-2) background of the host and dependent in part on cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 7276628 TI - Diarrhea in young red deer associated with infection with Cryptosporidium. AB - In an outbreak of diarrhea among 82 artificially reared red deer calves, 56 developed the disease and 20 subsequently died. During the outbreak 80% of diarrheal and 50% of apparently healthy calves excreted cryptosporidial oocysts in feces. The coincidence of infection with Crytosporidium and clinical diarrhea suggested a causal relationship. Histologic examination of intestinal sections from a necropsied deer calf showed lesions consistent with field and experimental cryptosporidiosis in other species. The deer Cryptosporidium subclinically infected newborn mice; in indirect immunofluorescence tests, it could not be distinguished from a calf Cryptosporidium. PMID- 7276629 TI - Association of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis with Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome. PMID- 7276630 TI - Effect of rifampin on nasal carriers of coagulase-positive staphylococci. PMID- 7276631 TI - The risk of transmission of hepatitis B virus using jet injection in inoculation. PMID- 7276632 TI - Impairment of antibacterial effect of bladder surface mucin by protamine sulfate. PMID- 7276633 TI - Anaerobes in mixed infections. PMID- 7276634 TI - Pertussis in the United States, 1979: a look at vaccine efficacy. PMID- 7276635 TI - Epidemic nosocomial meningitis due to Citrobacter diversus in neonates. AB - Five infants born at one hospital over a two-year period developed meningitis due to a serotype O2 strain of Citrobacter diversus; four infants developed brain abscesses due to this organism. The initial prevalence of stool colonization in infants was 79%; eventually 140 infants (10%) and six nurses (6%) were found to be colonized. One colonized infant remained in the hospital for the entire two year period. The strains were of two biotypes marked by the presence (biotype d) or absence (biotype a) of fermentation of sucrose and dulcitol. The biotype d strain was found in the five infants with meningitis, 110 asymptomatic infants, and five nurses. The biotype a strain, which was isolated from 30 infants and one nurse, did not cause disease. Colonized infants were distinguished by intensive care therapy (P = 10-31), gavage feeding (P = 0.036), and prenatal intrauterine monitoring (P = 0.037). These findings suggest a fecal reservoir and person-to person transmission of C. diversus. Measures to control the outbreak cost about $110,000. PMID- 7276636 TI - Interaction of Vibrio vulnificus with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: association of virulence with resistance to phagocytosis. AB - The results of studies described in this report support the ideas that virulence of Vibrio vulnificus is associated, at least in part, with resistance to phagocytosis and that the ability of the bacterium to resist phagocytosis results from its possession of an antiphagocytic surface antigen. These conclusions are based on the observations that (1) human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) exhibited a significantly weaker chemiluminescent response and phagocytic response when interacting with a virulent strain of the bacterium than when challenged with a weakly virulent strain of the bacterium; (2) rabbit antiserum to the virulent bacterium, but not normal rabbit serum, significantly enhanced the chemiluminescent response of PMNLs challenged with the virulent bacterium and significantly enhanced ingestion of the bacterium by the PMNLs; and (3) the opsonic activity of the antiserum was removed by adsorption with a formalin killed, whole cell preparation of the virulent bacterium. PMID- 7276637 TI - Effects of infection with influenza virus on the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7276638 TI - Lack of effect of influenza virus infection on induction and expression of delayed hypersensitivity. PMID- 7276639 TI - Temporary disappearance of viral replication in hepatitis B surface antigen positive, severe chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 7276640 TI - Nonidentity of antibody to hepatitis B e antigen and rheumatoid factor. PMID- 7276641 TI - Antibody to hepatitis B e antigen and rheumatoid factor. PMID- 7276642 TI - Ethical dilemmas in transplantation. PMID- 7276643 TI - Postlumbar puncture headache: prevention and treatment. PMID- 7276644 TI - [Study of endometrial hyperplasia employing the method of micro-electrophoresis of cultured cells of hyperplastic endometrium (author's transl)]. AB - Endometrial hyperplasia was studied from the point of view of cell surface charge employing micro electrophoresis. Surface change of cells corresponding to the cyclic changes of cell multiplication as well as estrogen and/or progesterone effects on the cellular surface charges on each phase of the cell cycle. The results as follows: 1. Electrophoretic mobility was highest in mitotic phase. This result was indicative of what the cell-surface charge was closely related to cell multiplication. 2. Estrogen clearly elevated electrophoretic mobility of cells in synthetic phase. Progesterone lowered electrophoretic mobility of cells in G1 phase. These results indicate that multiplication was forced in synthetic phase by estrogen and differentiation in G1 phase by progesterone. 3. Effects of estrogen and progesterone to cultured pulmonary cancer cells were studied as control to endometrial ones which might be target to these hormones. No definite results as previously shown on endometrial cells were obtained on the pulmonary ones. As a result, it is apparent that endometrium is a target to these hormones. Determination of the cellular surface charge by cell micro electrophoresis indicated that estrogen might play an important role in triggering abnormal proliferations of the endometrium. PMID- 7276645 TI - [Changes in lipid peroxide and alpha-tocopherol levels of pregnant serum lipoproteins (author's transl)]. AB - Lipid peroxides act harmfully on cell membranes to result in cellular dysfunction. On the other hand, vitamin E (VE) having antioxidant effect is considered to protect the generation of lipid peroxides. In this study, the changes in the levels of lipid peroxides and VE of pregnant sera were followed clinically and biochemically in relation to lipoprotein metabolism. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Lipoprotein metabolism in pregnancy was characterized by an increase in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) which is a major carrier of triglyceride. The amount of VLDL in pre-eclamptic subjects increased more than that of normal gravidas. The ratios of HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol of pre-eclamptic subjects were significantly (p less than 0.01) low levels compared with those of non-gravidas. 2) The contents of lipid peroxides and alpha-tocopherol (alpha-toc) in each serum lipoprotein fraction were also elevated in pregnant subjects. Lipid peroxide levels in HDL fraction of pre eclamptic subjects were significantly (p less than 0.005) higher than those of normal gravidas. On the contrary, the levels of alpha-toc in HDL fraction of pre eclamptic subjects were significantly (p less than 0.005) lower than those of normal gravidas. 3) As a result of examining the correlationship between the levels of lipid components and those of lipid peroxides and alpha-toc in each lipoprotein fraction of pregnant sera, both levels of lipid peroxides and alpha toc were positively correlated with those of major lipid components in VLDL and LDL fractions, while no significant correlation was found in HDL fraction. Also in VLDL fraction, the level of lipid peroxides was positively correlated with that of alpha-toc whereas in HDL fraction the former tends to correlate reversely with the latter. From the above observation, it is worthwhile to study on HDL fraction which is associated with cell membrane lipids and received less influence of the amounts of serum lipids, when the damage with lipid peroxides under pregnancy accompanied of hyperlipemia is examined in relation to alpha-toc. PMID- 7276646 TI - [Clinical studies on flow properties of blood in the gynecological patients with potentially hypercoagulable state (author's transl)]. AB - The flow property of blood, the blood viscosity was measured under such gynecological conditions that were potentially hypercoagulable: in the post operative state for myoma uteri corporis, in the use of oral contraceptives and in the advanced stage of malignant uterine and ovarian tumors. The viscosity was measured at a shear rate of 0.989 sec-1 and at 37 degrees C. Blood viscosity after operation rose to 15.6 +/- 3.7 cp (mean +/- SD), which was significantly higher than that of pre-operative state (12.4 +/- 3.7 cp). This was due to increased hematocrit and fibrinogen levels. The viscosity returned to preoperative level on the 3rd day of post-operation. The blood viscosity of users of oral contraceptives was 15.1 +/- 2.7 cp, not being significantly higher than that of control women (13.4 +/- 2.8 cp). The blood viscosity of patients suffered from malignant tumors was 10.5 +/- 2.0 cp and was significantly lower than that of control. Comparison of viscosity at the same hematocrits revealed, however, that the viscosity of patients of malignant tumors was significantly higher than that of control. Such rheological characteristics in the patients of malignant tumors were due to decreased hematocrit and markedly increased fibrinogen levels. It was suggested that dehydration and infection should be avoided to prevent thrombus formation in the gynecological patients with potentially hypercoagulable state. PMID- 7276647 TI - [Hemocoagulatological changes in toxemia of pregnancy--in reference to birth weight (author's transl)]. AB - It is well-known that SFD babies are born of the mothers who had toxemia of pregnancy in many cases. Recently we examined the relation of hemocoagulatological changes in mothers with toxemia to the birth weight of their babies with the intention of investigating the cause of development of SFD babies and obtained some information as follows: 1. The pregnant women with toxemia were significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in platelet count, fibrinogen content, and serum factor XIII value, significantly longer (p less than 0.01) in bleeding time, and significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in serum-urine FDP, platelet ADP aggregation and platelet spreadability than the normal pregnant women. 2. As for the relation of these changes to the birth weight, the value obtained in the SFD baby and that obtained in the AFD baby group were 5.8 +/- 1.5 and 4.5 +/- 1.3 in bleeding time (min), 20.4 +/- 3.17 and 23.4 +/- 4.21 in platelet count x 10(4)/mm3), 296.5 +/- 58.5 and 346.8 +/- 50.4 in fibrinogen content (mg/dl), 1.3 +/- 0.80 and 0.6 +/- 0.63 in urine FDP (microgram/ml), respectively, and the difference between both groups was significant (p less than 0.05) in each of these parameters. The results stated above suggested that toxemia of pregnancy assumed as aspect of chronic DIC and this tendency was stronger in the SFD baby group. From these facts it is considered that a state of chronic DIC in toxemia of pregnancy may be a cause of disturbance in the development of the fetus. PMID- 7276648 TI - [Studies on the appropriate frequency of the cervical cancer screening (author's transl)]. AB - A total of 73,897 cases of women above 30 years old were screened for their cervical cancer by Pap smear in Niigata prefecture in 1978 and 1979. From them 37 cases of invasive cancer (0.05%) including a case of endometrial adenocarcinoma, stage II, 30 cases of carcinoma in situ (0.04%), and 52 cases of dysplasia (0.07%) were detected. From the correlation between the check up frequency of these patients and the cervical malignancy detected, the following were pointed out: 1) No invasive cancer but carcinoma in situ were detected from those patients who were cytoscreened by successive annual visits. 2) Stage Ia but not more advanced cervical cancer were detected from those patients who were screened at 2 years interval. 3) Stage Ib or farther advanced cervical cancer were detected from those patients who visited at 3 years or more years interval just like from those patients who visited for the first time. To detect cervical cancer in its preinvasive stage, annual Pap smear of adult women over 30 years old should be continued. PMID- 7276649 TI - [Studies on contrast enhancement in gynecologic pelvic computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - Contrast enhancement (CE) can be employed to enhance the accuracy of CT (computed tomography) scanning, which has not yet been established with little clarified clinical significance of CE in abdominal region, particularly in gynecologic field. Following results were obtained through determination of sequential changes in serum level of meglumine iothalamate, a contrast material of CE, with which 58 female patients were treated for CT scanning of pelvic lesion. 1) Concentrations in serum determined by ultraviolet absorption through 3 wave length spectrophotometry being excellent and of convenience, when deproteinization is conducted, was correlated with the value obtained through one wave length method, indicating Y = 1.021 X-0.069 (r = 0.987). 2) Scanning initiated immediately after I.V. instillation of 220ml of 30% meglumine iothalamate solution for 7-16 minutes may elicit a nearly definite response with slight changes in serum level during the period of being CT scanning taken. 3) A significant correlation, i.e., Y = 2.78 X +3.75 (r = 0.814, p less than 0.001), Y = 2.11 X +2.63 (r = 0.879, p less than 0.001) between enhancement of attenuation values (EMI units: 500 scale) in normal myometrium and myoma uteri due to contrast infusion and serum levels of meglumine iothalamate was observed. This enhancement (an increased number) indicated a different regression coefficient in each tissue examined. 4) The ratio between aforementioned two parameters (I/S rates) can be considered as a favorable index for CT scanning. PMID- 7276650 TI - [Studies on temperature sensitivity of human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - Using a severely controlled temperature gradient incubator, the difference in temperature sensitivity between normal and malignant human cells in vitro was studied. In this study, the inhibitory effect of cell proliferation and the degenerative changes on cell morphology of normal human diploid (HAIN-44 and 55) and endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (SNG-M) for about two weeks at various temperatures (32-43 degree C) were investigated. When the temperature was lower than 34 degree C, the growth of SNG-M, similar to that of the HAIN, was markedly suppressed, however, it was reversible. The cytoplasmic degenerative changes were also found in these cells. By contrast, SNG-M was more heat sensitive at and over 39.5 degree C than the HAIN, which continued to grow until 42 degree C. In other words, permissive temperatures to cell growth of SNG-M were approximately 3 degree C lower than those of the HAIN. Especially at 41 degree C and/or higher, SNG-M could not grow further and drastically degenerated within few days. Under such hyperthermic conditions, the cells were irreversibly damaged with fetal nuclear degenerative changes. No specific distribution pattern of chromosomal number was found at any temperature in the cases studied. It was clarified that there was a significant difference in heat sensitivity between the HAIN and SNG M. PMID- 7276651 TI - [Amniotic fluid cortisol, tetrahydrocortisone, estriol and estetrol in normal and high risk pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - In order to determine the possibility of assessing intrauterine fetal well being by measuring amniotic fluid steroid levels, a number of selected glucocorticoids and estrogens were assayed. Estriol (E3) and estetrol (E4) levels at 36-40 weeks of pregnancy, especially that of total E3 (T-E3 and unconjugated E4 (U-E4) rose significantly (p less than 0.01), and were at a ratio of T-E3/U-E3 8; T-E4/U-E4 2, respectively. A definite correlation was found between T-E3 and U-E3 (r = 0.97) which was not detected in the case of E4, and there was a high correlation with umbilical arterial levels of both unconjugated and total E3 and E4. Amniotic fluid cortisol (F) levels in both unconjugated (U-F) and sulfate conjugated (S-F) rose preferentially at 36-40 weeks and exceeded the levels of both umbilical arterial and maternal peripheral plasma (p less than 0.01). Both tetrahydro cortisone (THE) and -cortisol (THF) levels increased at 29-35 weeks which in the select cases were comparable with the increases seen at 36-40 weeks. The THE level showed a definite correlation with that of umbilical artery (r = 0.73) whereas this was not the case for S-F. In pregnancies complicated with toxemia and/or diabetes mellitus, T-E3 and S-F levels are less than the lower limits for normal pregnancies. This tendency was not observed with T-E4 and THE. In pregnancies with severe RH isoimmunization, the levels of T-E3, T-E4 and S-F are markedly lower than those seen in normal pregnancies, and do not display the increase with gestational advances. On the other hand, THE and THF levels were shown to be at levels higher than in normal pregnancies. Thus, in the latter half of pregnancy, amniotic fluid steroid assays, especially T-E3, S-F and THE may be of use in the assessment of fetal well being. PMID- 7276652 TI - Detection of subclinical abortion in infertile women by beta-hCG radioimmunoassay. AB - Serum hCG was measured by specific beta-hCG radioimmunoassay during the late luteal phase in 58 infertile women recording the basal body temperature. As control, serum hCG was also measured during the 5th to 17th day after the basal body temperature shift in 18 normal pregnancy. In all normal pregnancy cases serum hCG was detected after the 9th day from basal temperature shift. Serum hCG was detected during the late luteal phase in 6 cases, including 2 cases succeeded in pregnancy in corresponding cycle, out of 58 infertile women. In spite of the hCG detection, the hyperthermic phase on BBT chart was not significantly prolonged in remaining 4 cases, in which the next menses took place as usual. Thus, so called subclinical abortion was suspected in these 4 cycles. This result suggests subclinical abortion might occur in infertile women. When hCG is detected during the late luteal phase, intensive treatment for the defective luteal function may salvage the endangered pregnancy. Since the incidence of hCG detection in this study was rather smaller than the previous reports, the major portion of causes of infertility might exist earlier or around the time of implantation of fertilized ovum. PMID- 7276653 TI - [Analytical electron microscopy of iron uptake of the human placenta in vitro]. PMID- 7276654 TI - [Bromocriptine-induced pregnancies in 2 women with pituitary prolactin-secreting tumor]. PMID- 7276655 TI - [A case of endometrial stromal sarcoma]. PMID- 7276656 TI - [Role of chemotherapy in the ovarian malignancy treated with reduction surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276657 TI - [Medial displacement of Osteotomy of the femur in the osteoarthritis of the hip - the effect of the pelvic deltoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276658 TI - [Vascular surgery of the extremities]. PMID- 7276659 TI - [Principle and application of orthotic therapy for lower extremity]. PMID- 7276660 TI - [A roentgenographical study on chronological changes in genu varum and valgum in children (author's transl)]. AB - A age-related morphological changes in bow legs and knock knees were studied on roentgenograms taken in a standing , notably on alignment of the lower extremities. In the present study comparisons of chronological changes of this alignment, which was assessed by the femoro-tibial angle, were made between 3 groups of children under 16 years of age: 350 controls (656 legs), 148 with genu varum (296 legs) and 176 with genu valgum (252 legs). Bone growth at the lower end of the femur and at the upper end of the tibia was found to influence most closely on the changes in the femoro-tibial angle. The femoro-tibial angle of the controls under 3 years of age showed more than 180 degrees, the lower extremities were bowed outwardly, and the axes of the femoral shafts were medially tilted. From the age of 3 to 5 years the lower extremities reversely tended to be knocked inwardly owing to gradual growth of the lateral condyles of the femur and the tibia. Then, with advancing age, the axis of the femoral shaft again tended to tilt outwardly and at the same time the tibial axis tended to be tilted inwardly. Since these changes in the direction of bone axes are counter-balanced, the femoro-tibial angle tended to be 177.37 degrees, approximating to the value of the japanese adults (176 degrees - 178 degrees). Then, the femoro-tibial angle can be estimated by measuring an angle between the proximal epiphyseal line and the axis of the tibial shaft. In children with knock knees there occurred no marked chronological changes in bone alignment and the lower extremities were always knocked inwardly as compared with the controls. In children with bow legs, on the other hand, the deformity tended to be normalized notably with the age advancing as a result of growth of the medial condyle of the femur. The mechanical axis of the lower extremity passed through somewhat lateral side to the center of the knee in the most of the controls aged from 2 to 5 years and through a little medial side in those of the other age group. In children with knock knees and in those with bow legs, on the other hand, the axis was always found to pass through the laternal and the medial side, respectively, to the center of the knee. The rate of deviation of the axis was noted in correlation with the femoro-tibial angle with coefficient index of 0.855 in the controls, 0.875 in a group of knock knees and 0.951 in a group of bow legs. PMID- 7276661 TI - [Experimental study of vascular bundle transplantation to femoral head of young mongrel dog (author's transl)]. AB - This paper describes an experimental study on vascular bundle transplantation into the femoral head of puppies before epiphyseal arrest. Sixty-seven young mongrel dogs, about 3 months of age, were used in this study. Necrotized femoral heads were made by interruption of blood supply to the femoral head, extramedullary and intermedullary. The transplantation of a vascular bundle was performed on intact and necrotized femoral heads. One month after the interruption of blood supply, deformity, atrophy and cystic formation of the head, and wide radiolucent shadow in the metaphysis were noted. Observation over nine months revealed flattening of the femoral head, shortening of the femoral neck and disappearance of the femoral head in severe cases. In the transplantation to intact femoral heads, transplanted vascular bundles maintained patency and anastomosed with preexisting vessels. Neither hypertrophy of the head nor distinctive pathological change was seen in the transplanted head or in the control side. In the transplantation to necrotized femoral heads, proliferation of new blood vessels was seen in the whole head. One month after the transplantation, new bone formation was active with proliferation of capillaries. Two months after the transplantation, dense cancellous bone or lamellar bone was made within the head, which showed atrophy in four months after the surgery and bone marrow was restored. In the case of severe changes in the epiphyseal cartilage, deformity of the femoral head and shortening of the neck were noted although better restoration was obtained than in the control. PMID- 7276662 TI - [A study on the mechanical properties of bone cement (methylmethacrylate) and its strength alteration in vivo (author's transl)]. AB - Bone cement (Methylmethacrylate) is now extensively used for the fixation of various endoprostheses in orthopaedic surgery. Although considerable number of works have been accumulated on the use of this material, relatively little is known about its basic characteristics such as inherent physical properties and the strength alteration in vivo. In recent years, loosening of the prosthesis has become one of the major problems, jeopardizing the use of the prosthesis in conjunction with the bone cement. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of the commonly available bone cements and, particularly, to see any chronological deterioration of the material in vivo. METHODS: 1. For the study of the mechanical properties, dumbbell-shaped test pieces were made of three different types of commercially available bone cement (Surgical Simplex, CMW and Palacos R) and tested under tension load using Shimazu Autograph in a temperature and moisture controlled room (Experiment I). 2. The same test pieces (Surgical Simplex and CMW) were imbedded in the paravertebral muscle of rabbits for one, six and sixteen months and, then, tested in the same fashion as in Experiment I (Experiment II). 3. The fracture surface of the test piece after the tension load testing was examined under a scanning electron-microscope to find any changes before and after the imbedding (Experiment III). RESULTS: 1. The bone cement showed a viscoelastic behavior under the tension load in vitro. 2. The modulus of elasticity was the smallest in Palacos R which showed the greatest amount of viscoelastic deformation in vitro. 3. The longer was the imbedded period, the weaker was the tensile strength. The amount of viscoelastic deformation tended to decrease with time, which resulted in the decrease of the total amount of deformation. The modulus of elasticity was the smallest in the sixteen week group in both Surgical Simplex and CMW. 4. The scanning electromicroscopic studies failed to reveal any significant changes on the fracture surface after the imbedding. CONCLUSION: In view of this considerable strength alteration of the bone cement in vivo, the author considers this would be an important factor leading the prosthesis into loosening other than the hitherto proposed various factors such as chemical damage of the bone by the monomer, thermal bone necrosis by the polymerization heat and fatigue fracture of the bone adjacent to the bone cement. While the improved technique in the use of the bone cement is mandatory, the author stressed the importance of further research into the better material or method for the interface between the bone and the prosthesis. PMID- 7276663 TI - [The fatty acid metabolism in patients with fracture and fat embolism syndrome after fracture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276664 TI - [A biomechanical study on the senile intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck- speculation concerning the fracture lines and etiological factors (author's transl)]. AB - In this study, intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck in the elderly was classified into three types, the typical type with the fracture line about 70 degrees from the horizontal line with the spike of the neck (60%), the crescent type with the arch-like fracture line without the spike of the neck (30%) and the mixed type with the fracture line about 70 degrees from the horizontal line without the spike of the neck (10%). After that, each etiological factor of these three types of the fracture was studied. From the investigation of the osteoporotic changes at the upper end of the femur in patients over 50 years old with the intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck, the statistical loading test on the head of the human cadaveric femur, the analyses of the upper half model of the human femur using the experimental stress analysis based on photoelasticity and the finite element method and the observations of the microscopic trabecular fractures, the following facts were found at the area of the upper capito cervical junction near the epiphyseal scar; (1) that the cancellous bone is easily affected by the influence of osteoporotic changes, (2) that the acting stress is higher than the ultimate strength of the bone in activities of daily living, (3) and that many microscopic trabecular fractures can be observed. Therefore, this area will become "the area of reduced strength", that may sometimes remain unrecognized and heal spontaneously. Since any fracture starts from here, this area can be regarded as "the trigger" of the clinical intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck. Factors dividing the intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck into three types, except the unrecognizably remained and spontaneously healed one, may be as follows. 1) When the load approximately as heavy as body weight with the abruptly rotational force (especially external rotational force) is applied, the fracture classified into the typical type occurs (it has been examined experimentally). 2) Always when the repeated load is applied on the increase in number of the microscopic trabecular fractures, which happen because of severe osteoporotic changes and bone density loss, the fracture classified into the crescent type occurs. 3) When both the factors are present, the fracture classified into the mixed type occurs. PMID- 7276665 TI - [The pathologico-anatomic study of the metastatic tumor of the spine (author's transl)]. AB - The radiological and histological studies were performed on the three spinal column obtained at autopsy from cases with metastatic tumors to the spine with complete paralysis treated surgically. These three cases consisted of a maxillary carcinoma with metastasis to the cervical spine, a seminoma with metastasis to the thoracic spine and a metastasized renal cell carcinoma to the thoracic spine. All patients died without recovery from the paralysis, in spite of the immediate tumor resection and spinal fusion were done immediately after the appearance of complete paralysis. The histological examination of cross section of these spinal column showed that tumor cells infiltrated in the vertebral body and spinal canal, and spinal cord was remarkably compressed by the tumor. Therefore, various degrees of degeneration were seen in the spinal cord. In addition, many tumor cell emboli were seen in veins of vertebral body and spinal canal in two cases, and also tumor cell infiltration to an intradural space and marked deformity of the spinal cord were seen in one case. These above findings would suggest that tumor cells, which metastasized to vertebral body through venous plexus from the primary lesion, infiltrated into the spinal canal, compressed spinal cord and caused paralysis. PMID- 7276666 TI - [A study on the stress analysis of the pelvis by means of the three-dimensional photoelastic experiments (author's transl)]. AB - The processes are as follows: 1) Life-sized photoelastic models molded from a cadaver pelvis are made of Epoxy resin. 2) In order to practice the stress freezing process, the models are set to our original loading apparatus in the electric heater. The forces exerted on the hip models are both body weight and four kinds of muscular forces, those of the abductor, adductor, rectus femoris and gluteus maximus. 3) After the stresses are frozen in the models, they are cut off into slices to observe isochromatic and isoclinic lines. 4) In the stress analysis both the shear difference method and the double slice method are utilized to obtain more accurate stress distributions. And the results have been summarized as follows: 1) In the ring-shaped slices large stresses are observed especially at four areas; namely the central area of the iliac bone, the acetabulum proximal to the ilium, the pubic ramus and the area adjacent to the sacroiliac joint. The specific areas where hydrostatic pressure works are seen at two points in the deep acetabular cavity. 2) The principal stress lines of almost all slices tend to flow smoothly and monotonously along the ilium, the sacrum and the pubic bone, but as they approach the acetabulum they run in complex patterns and make some singular points. 3) Around the acetabulum the principal stress lines of one group run in concentric circles and those of the other group radiate in all directions from the center of the acetabulum at the upper half of the dome which supports the load. The stress here was 5 to 6 times greater than in the lower half of the dome. 4) The acetabulum is stretched vertically and deformed into an oval shape. The horse shoe-shaped articular facet is deformed as both beaks approach each other. 5) As for the slices of the pelvic ring the normal acetabulum tends to be obviously deformed as it holds or embraces the femoral head. As a result of this deformity the stability between the acetabulum and the head increases. On the other hand the dysplastic acetabulum shows none of those phenomena. 6) The iliac bone of the pelvic ring is deformed into the "S" shape and the pubic ramus the "C" shape, the "S" shape, or the "Z" shape depending on the limb position. The pelvic ring tends to be deformed into a heart shape during abduction. PMID- 7276668 TI - Contractures of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles in healthy male adult. AB - We studied the extensibility of the quadriceps muscle and the hamstring muscles in 822 healthy male adults. 1) Extensibility of the quadriceps muscle The average angle of the buttock elevation phenomenon (B.E.P.) was 124.0 degrees +/- 16.71 on the right leg and 122.2 degrees +/- 19.75 on the left leg. And the contracture of the quadriceps (B.E.P. less than or equal to 100 degrees) was found in 16.1% of them. 2) Extensibility of the hamstring muscles The average angle of the straight leg raising test (S.L.R.) was 79.3 degrees +/- 9.56 on the right leg and 79.9 degrees +/- 9.56 on the left leg. And the contracture of the hamstrings (S.L.R. less than 70 degrees) was found in 10.3% of them. PMID- 7276669 TI - [Scoliosis--screening methods and the subsequent management]. PMID- 7276667 TI - Diagnosis and operative treatment for the brachial plexus injury. AB - It is shown that the electrophysiological diagnosis of brachial plexus injury is becoming more precise than ever. The intraoperative use of electrodiagnosis especially aids the obtaining of better results for brachial plexus injuries. When nerve transfer is undertaken, biceps function is more usefully restored by the accessory nerve than by the intercostal nerves. Protective sensation was achieved in almost all cases by intercostal nerve transfer. When nerve grafting was undertaken, functional motor restoration was regained in the upper arm muscles in one case, but not in the forearm. PMID- 7276671 TI - [The effect of the sympathetic nervous system on cervical spondylosis (author's transl)]. AB - A study on the effect of injury to the cervical spine, especially the so-called whiplash injury of the neck, has revealed that many patients who have sustained cervical trauma complain of, or later develop, vertigo similar to that encountered in Meniere's syndrome. Some authors offer clinical evidence to show that vertigo results from cervical nerve root irritation which is due to hypertrophic arthritis of the cervical spine and which responds to cervical traction. The etiology of this symptom-complex, however, remains unknown and, presenting a controversial problem, while some authors point out that irritation of the sympathetic nervous system may be important in this symptom (Meniere-like syndrome, Barre-Lieou syndrome). In this study, the significance of the sympathetic nervous system in cervical spondylosis was examined. A) The effect of electric stimulation (2V, 20cps, 1msec, 1mA) of the human anterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine on the finger plethysmograph (PTG). This stimulation resulted in manifest alteration of PTG, such as the appearance of tense wave or contracted wave, change of pattern and tachycardia. B) Stimulation of the tissue adjacent to the cervical vertebral column which affects the sympathetic nervous system by way of the central nervous system (ventro-median nucleus of hypothalamus: VMH) was examined by using local electroencephalogram (local-EEG) of cats. By electric stimulation (4-6V, 50cps, 1msec, 1mA) of the tissue adjacent to the cervical vertebral column, local-EEG of VMH was accelerated remarkably and blood pressure was increased. Stimulation of the sciatic nerve caused moderate acceleration with excessive electric stimulation (4 10V, 20cps, 1msec, 1mA); however, stimulation of muscles of the neck and back caused no acceleration. Sensitive receptors are probably located adjacent to the cervical vertebral column. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerve may result from stimulation of the central nervous system (hypothalamus) caused by irritation resulting from excessive instability of the cervical vertebrae. The stimulation of the sympathetic nerves may be important clinically in the pathogenesis of Barre-Lieou syndrome in cervical spondylosis. PMID- 7276670 TI - [Radiological study of the accessory skeletal elements in the foot and ankle (author's transl)]. AB - The accessory bones and ossification centers in the foot and ankle were studied in 3,460 radiographs of patients over 7 years of age who consulted our clinic for various reasons from January 1967 to December 1979. The patients comprised of 1,639 males and 1,821 females. The accessory ossicles commonly observed were os tibiale externum, os trigonum, and os peroneum in order of frequency. The os tibiale externum is the commonest accessory bones in the foot and is situated at the point where the tendon of the posterior tibial muscle inserts itself into navicular bone. This ossicle was found to be present in 733 out of 3,460 feet (21.3%). As some authors have pointed out, they are observed somewhat more frequently in females than in males. The os trigonum is an accessory bone which is situated behind the posterior process of the talus. This ossicle was found in 438 feet (12.7%). The os peroneum is a sesamoid in the long peroneal tendon where it bends toward the sole of the foot. This was found in 311 feet (9.0%). Other inconstant skeletal elements were less commonly observed. This os intermetatarseum which is usually located in the first, rarely in the fourth, intermetatarsal space, was found in 91 feet (2.6%). When studied meticulously, this ossicle is found more often than is generally believed. The os subfibulare, situated just under the lateral malleolus, was found in 71 feet (2.1%). The os supranaviculare, situated above the talonavicular joint, was found in 35 feet (1.0%). The os subtibiale, situated just under the medial malleolus, was found in 31 feet (0.9%). The os supratalare, situated above the neck of the talus, was found in 25 feet (0.9%). The calcaneus secundarius, surrounded by calcaneus, talus, os naviculare and os cuboideum, was found in 20 feet (0.6%). The os talotibiale, situated in front of the talocrural joint, was found in 16 feet (0.5%). The os sustentaculi, situated beside the sustentaculum tali, was found in 9 feet (0.3%). The talus accessorius, situated beside the trochlea tali, was found in 6 feet (0.2%). The os vesalianum, situated adjacent to the tuberositas ossis metatarsalis V, was found in 4 feet of the adult patients (0.1%). The talus secundarius, situated near the trochlea peronealis calcanei, was found in 3 feet (0.1%). The os intercuneiforme, located between first and second cuneiform and the navicular bone, was found in only one foot of a 33-year-old male (0.03%). This case may be the first observation in Japan of this extremely rare accessory ossicle. The majority of the patients who had these accessory bones in their feet and ankles seemed to have no clinical complaints. Identification of these ossicles is of importance because they may easily be mistaken as fragments of avulsion fractures. An extra center of ossification for the medical malleolus was observed in 11 feet of the children aged 8 to 11 years. The ossification center for the tuberositas ossis metatarsalis V was found in 56 feet of the adolescents... PMID- 7276672 TI - [Intramuscular pressure and muscle blood flow during and after contraction (author's transl)]. AB - In order to investigate the effects of intramuscular pressure on muscle blood flow changes during and after isometric contraction, experiments were conducted in anesthetized rabbits. Simultaneous measurements of muscle blood flow with a heated thermocouple technique and intramuscular pressure with a 'multi-hole wick catheter' connected to a transducer were done in the quadriceps muscle. The muscle contraction was caused by stimulating the femoral nerve using supramaximal square voltage pulses (7-9V, 0.1 msec). Intramuscular pressure increased linearly in response to various levels of stimulation frequency. At the low levels of frequency in stimuli (1-17 Hz), muscle blood flow during contraction increased continuously and intramuscular pressure was lower than the level of arterial blood pressure. But at the levels of frequency above 25 Hz, intramuscular pressure reached to or exceeded the level of systolic arterial blood pressure and muscle blood flow during contraction decreased continuously. It was suggested that increased intramuscular pressure disturbed muscle blood flow by collapsing the vessels within the muscle. Postcontraction peak flow appeared immediately after contraction caused by high frequent stimuli. This peak flow was not related to the duration of the contraction. Postcontraction hyperemia persisting long after contraction increased proportional to the intensity and duration of the contraction. These findings suggested the postcontraction peak flow was related to mechanical factor, whereas postcontraction hyperemia was to the other mechanism, such as metabolic products. PMID- 7276673 TI - Biomechanical study of the deformed spine treated by Chiba University-type halo pelvic distraction apparatus. AB - Nineteen patients treated by halo-pelvic distraction apparatus were studied. As the treatment proceeded, the distraction (tractive) load increased serially. Some relaxation was noted each morning. However, the time needed for relaxation increased and the amount of relaxation decreased sequentially. A new parameter, relaxation rate, was thus introduced. When this rate approached zero, adverse symptoms and signs appeared in the majority of the cases. The relaxation rate is concluded as a good indicator for continuing or terminating distraction. A second part of the study included tensile tests using animal spines. The viscoelastic relaxation characteristics correlated well with the clinical studies. PMID- 7276675 TI - [Morphological and histochemical studies on the relationship between mucus producing gastric carcinoma cells and the proliferation of fibrous tissue in diffuse type carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276674 TI - [Coenzyme Q10 treatment for the liver damages induced by antineoplastic agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276676 TI - [An approach to magnetically controlled cancer chemotherapy. III. Magnetic control of ferromagnetic mitomycin C microcapsules in the artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276677 TI - [An approach to magnetically controlled cancer chemotherapy. IV. Magnetically controlled intravesical instillation of ferromagnetic mitomycin C microcapsules for bladder tumor of the rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276679 TI - [Influence of mitomycin C (MMC) or 5-fluorouracil dry syrup (5-FU DS) on rat liver cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276680 TI - [PHA-stimulated lymphocytes injection therapy for advanced digestive cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276678 TI - [Adjuvant chemotherapy with inductive multi-drug combination and long-term oral maintenance therapies for gastric cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276682 TI - [Combined use of surgical treatment and postoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276683 TI - Malignant melanoma: case reports of vulvar involvement. PMID- 7276684 TI - Managing morbid obesity: a review of surgical procedures. PMID- 7276681 TI - [The effects of adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer with curative gastrectomy studied by pathological findings: five to thirteen years follow-up (author's transl)]. PMID- 7276685 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants: clinical use of plasma levels. PMID- 7276687 TI - A barometer of sorts. PMID- 7276686 TI - School phobia: interventions in childhood cancer. PMID- 7276688 TI - Munchausen syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7276689 TI - The value of polytomography in acute cervical trauma with a hangman's fracture. PMID- 7276690 TI - Inverted papilloma of the lacrimal sac. PMID- 7276691 TI - Chronic appendicitis: approached by X-ray ultrasound, nuclear medicine. PMID- 7276692 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Now you see it; now you don't. PMID- 7276693 TI - DSM III: implications for nonpsychiatric physicians. PMID- 7276694 TI - Ultrasound and the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. PMID- 7276695 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Far to the rear. Inferior and true posterior wall myocardial infarction. PMID- 7276696 TI - CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen): its role as a marker in the management of cancer. PMID- 7276697 TI - Kawasaki disease in Louisiana. PMID- 7276698 TI - A new approach to ureteral obstruction and pelvic lipomatosis. PMID- 7276700 TI - The remarriage of religion and medicine. PMID- 7276701 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Old concepts never die... supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7276699 TI - Why family practice? A medical student states his views. PMID- 7276702 TI - Toxic shock syndrome: Kentucky's first documented case. PMID- 7276703 TI - Acute dystonia secondary to illicit phenothiazine usage: a report of two cases. PMID- 7276704 TI - MAST suit implementation. PMID- 7276705 TI - Intestinal parasitism in Kentucky: an important medical and public health problem. PMID- 7276706 TI - Hyperparathyroidism in a community hospital. PMID- 7276707 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux in the morbidly obese. PMID- 7276709 TI - The emperor would rather get it over with. PMID- 7276708 TI - Short course chemotherapy for tuberculosis. PMID- 7276710 TI - Multicategorical/cross-categorical classrooms for learning disabled students. PMID- 7276712 TI - Comparative validity of two preschool screening tests: correlational and classificational approaches. PMID- 7276714 TI - Getting a timely evaluation from your local mental health facility. PMID- 7276713 TI - Assessment of the learning disabled with regard to cognitive functioning and cognitive complexity. PMID- 7276715 TI - Evaluation of learning disabilities- who should test what? PMID- 7276711 TI - "It's all right if kids can't read". PMID- 7276716 TI - Quantitative evaluation procedures for learning disabilities. PMID- 7276717 TI - ITPA and learning disability: a discriminant analysis. PMID- 7276718 TI - The visual aural digit span test for seventh graders: a normative study. PMID- 7276719 TI - The Bender Gestalt and VADS test performance of learning disabled middle school pupils. PMID- 7276720 TI - Restructuring dysfunctional parental attitudes toward children's learning and behavior in school: family-oriented psychoeducational therapy part II. PMID- 7276721 TI - School psychology: current status and future directions in a responsive and caring profession. PMID- 7276722 TI - Graduate training in school psychology. PMID- 7276723 TI - Litigation and legislation effects on the school psychologists' role. PMID- 7276724 TI - Special educational services and the school psychologist. PMID- 7276725 TI - [The flight from the bottom up]. PMID- 7276726 TI - Child and context: reactive adaptations of learning disabled children. PMID- 7276728 TI - Scatter analysis of WISC-R profiles for learning disabled children with superior intelligence. PMID- 7276727 TI - Some counter thinking about learning disabilities. PMID- 7276730 TI - Recategorization of WPPSI scores for kindergarten children with learning difficulties. PMID- 7276729 TI - Wechsler adult intelligence score patterns for learning disabled young adults. PMID- 7276731 TI - The cognitive patterns of Israel learning disabled children as reflected in the Hebrew version of the WISC-R. PMID- 7276733 TI - Stress and coping in families of learning disabled children: a literature review. PMID- 7276732 TI - Visual scanning strategies of perceptually impaired and normal children viewing the Motor-free Visual Perception Test. PMID- 7276734 TI - The LD adolescent.... When do you stop? PMID- 7276735 TI - Rates of sterol synthesis and uptake in the major organs of the rat in vivo. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the rates of sterol synthesis and uptake in the major organs of the female rat in vivo. At the mid-dark phase of the light cycle, control animals, animals in which hepatic sterol synthesis had been selectively inhibited by chylomicron infusion and animals in which the small intestine and liver had been surgically removed, were administered [(3)H]water, and the content of (3)H-labeled digitonin-precipitable sterols ([(3)H]-DPS) in different organs was measured 1 hr later. In control animals, the highest content of [(3)H]DPS was found in the liver (2279 nmol/hr per g), adrenal gland (1222), ovary (791), and small bowel (529): the content of newly synthesized sterols was much lower in 13 other tissues. By selectively inhibiting sterol synthesis in the liver or by surgically removing the small intestine and liver, it was determined that of the total amount of [(3)H]DPS synthesized in the whole animal about 50% had occurred in the liver, 24% in the small bowel, 8% in the skin, and 18% in the remaining tissues of the carcass combined. By analyzing the relationship between the content of [(3)H]DPS in blood and in each organ, it was further possible to determine how much [(3)H]DPS was synthesized and how much was taken up from the blood in each tissue. The highest rate of uptake was found in the adrenal gland where only 4% of the tissue content of [(3)H]DPS came from local synthesis. Low rates of synthesis relative to the rates of uptake, were also found in the spleen (6%), lung (17%), and kidney (26%). In contrast, in other organs there was little uptake of [(3)H]DPS from blood so that >75% of the [(3)H]DPS present in brain and muscle, for example, was due to local synthesis. Lowering the circulating levels of plasma cholesterol markedly increased the synthesis of [(3)H]DPS in tissues like adrenal gland, spleen, and kidney that were dependent upon plasma cholesterol as the major source of tissue sterols, but not in tissues such as muscle and brain. These studies have quantitated the importance of each major organ to total body synthesis and have delineated the rates of movement of [(3)H]DPS between major tissue compartments of the rat.-Turley, S. D., J. M. Andersen, and J. M. Dietschy. Rates of sterol synthesis and uptake in the major organs of the rat in vivo. PMID- 7276736 TI - Chylomicron metabolism during dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia in dogs. AB - The metabolism of [1-3H]retinol- and [4-14C]cholesterol-labeled chylomicrons was studied in normal and cholesterol-fed dogs in order to estimate the relative contribution of chylomicron remnant cholesterol to diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. The plasma t 1/2 of intravenously administered Sf greater than 400 chylomicrons, Sf 20-400 chylomicrons, and whole lymph doubly labeled with [1-3H]retinol and [4-14C]cholesterol was not significantly prolonged in hypercholesterolemic recipients. When Sf greater than 400 chylomicrons were administered intravenously, 90% of the radioactivity was cleared from the plasma of both normal and cholesterol-fed dogs within 1 hr and 68 +/- 18% appeared in the liver within approximately 2 hr in normal dogs and 4 hr in hypercholesterolemic dogs. The use of the retinol-labeling technique for intestinal lipoproteins provided evidence that some LDL, but essentially none of the HDLc, was derived from d greater than 1.006 g/ml lymph lipoproteins. The failure of significant radioactivity to accumulate in the plasma compartment of hypercholesterolemic dogs after intravenous administration of doubly labeled chylomicrons and the relatively efficient uptake of radioactivity by the liver indicate that the dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia in dogs is not the result of impaired hepatic removal of chylomicron remnants. PMID- 7276737 TI - Fate of apolipoproteins C-1, C-iii, and E during lipolysis of human very low density lipoproteins in vitro. AB - The apoprotein and lipid composition of HDL-like products arising from lipolysis of human VLDL was studied. The VLDL was perfused through beating rat hearts in the absence of serum to avoid possible alteration of the primary products of lipolysis due to apoprotein exchange with serum lipoproteins. The lipolytic products were separated by gel filtration to obviate possible losses of apoproteins from the lipoproteins during ultracentrifugation. Apoprotein B, E, C II, and C-III were quantitated by electroimmunoassay and lipids were determined by chemical methods. During perfusion, a 50% hydrolysis of the VLDL triacylglycerols was associated with the appearance of 11% of the apoC-II, 30% of the apoC-III, and 20% of apoE of the VLDL in HDL-like particles as isolated by agarose gel filtration. The shift of the apoproteins to these particles was associated with a similar redistribution of cholesterol, phospholipid, and cholesteryl ester. The lipid composition of the HDL-like particles was cholesterol (15.1 +/- 4.0%), phospholipid (37.8 +/- 3.2%), cholesteryl ester (34.2 +/- 2.6%), and triglyceride (12.9 +/- 3.2%). The particles possessed a hydrated density of 1.063-1.21 g/ml and were spherical, with particle diameters (mean 124 +/- 36 A, range 50-160 A) that were comparable to the diameter (140 A) estimated from calculations of the surface to volume ratio, assuming a spherical particle consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by cholesterol, phospholipid, and protein. No discoidal forms or rouleau structures were observed in the HDL-sized fraction isolated by gel filtration. The HDL-like fraction could be resolved further by heparin-Sepharose chromatography into an unretained fraction containing predominantly apoC-III with apoE and apoC-II, and a retained fraction containing apoC-III and apoE. Small amounts of apoE were also recovered in extremely small particles that are normally observed in the d > 1.21 g/ml fraction after ultracentrifugation. No apoC-II or C-III was observed in this fraction. Incubation of VLDL with lipoprotein lipase, mobilized from hearts by heparin perfusion, yielded results that were similar to those with the perfused heart. Hearts perfused with VLDL removed apoB but not apoC-II, C-III, E, or phospholipids from the perfusate. It is concluded that the initial products of VLDL catabolism include spherical particles, similar in size to HDL, that contain apoC-II, C-III, E, cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, and phospholipids. ApoE is also released as a small extensively delipidated particle.-Tam, S. P., L. Dory, and D. Rubinstein. Fate of apolipoproteins C-II, C-III, and E during lipolysis of human very low density lipoproteins in vitro. PMID- 7276738 TI - Epimerization of chenodeoxycholic acid to ursodeoxycholic acid by human intestinal lecithinase-lipase-negative Clostridia. AB - Six strains of lecithinase-lipase-negative Clostridia, isolated from human feces, were capable of oxidizing chenodeoxycholic acid to 3 alpha-hydroxy-7 keto-5 beta cholanoic acid and of epimerizing it to ursodeoxycholic acid. The identity of the reaction products was confirmed by comparing their mass spectra, obtained by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, with those of authentic reference compounds. 3 alpha-Hydroxy-7-keto-5 beta-cholanoic acid was reduced by growing cultures of all clostridial strains to chenodeoxycholic acid and to ursodeoxycholic acid, the latter being the preferred conversion product of most strains. However, ursodeoxycholic acid was not attacked by any of the strains. Growth kinetic experiments with three strains showed that chenodeoxycholate was transformed during the log or lag phase. No bile acid conversion could be seen during the stationary phase. While the concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid decreased and that of ursodeoxycholic acid increased tending towards plateaus, and concentration of 3 alpha-hydroxy-7-keto-5 beta-cholanoic acid passes through a maximum. We proposed a reaction sequence with 3 alpha-hydroxy-7-keto-5 beta cholanoic acid as an intermediate for the epimerization of chenodeoxycholic acid to ursodeoxycholic acid. This demonstration is the first using isolated bacterial strains. PMID- 7276739 TI - Hepatic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase activity during diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in cynomolgus monkeys. AB - Acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity was studied in hepatic microsomes of cynomolgus monkeys fed either commercial chow or an atherogenic diet of high cholesterol and saturated fat content. ACAT activity (pmol/min per mg protein) was 35 in liver microsomes from control monkeys, and 142 and 161 at 10 and 100 days, respectively, after starting the high cholesterol diet. The cholesterol-fed monkeys had about 1.5-fold increase in cholesterol content of hepatic microsome was compared to control monkeys (94 nmol/mg protein in controls versus 142 nmol/mg protein in the cholesterol fed group). There was no difference between the two groups in microsomal fatty acids in saturated, monoenoic, or polyenoic acid classes. However, the cholesterol-fed monkeys had relatively lower amounts of linoleic acid and higher amounts of arachidonic acid in the microsomes. To determine whether the increased microsomal cholesterol content might be responsible for the increase in ACAT activity, liver microsomes from control monkeys were incubated for 15-120 min with liposomes composed of cholesterol and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, 2:1 (mol/mol). The microsomal cholesterol content increased from 90 to 128 nmol/mg protein as the incubation progressed. There was a corresponding increase in ACAT activity from 80 to 240 pml/min per mg protein. This observation is consistent with the view that the high hepatic ACAT activity in the cholesterol-fed monkeys is due to the larger amount of cholesterol contained in the microsomes. The increase in hepatic ACAT activity occurs soon after cholesterol feeding is started; this response may be involved in the production of cholesteryl ester-rich lipoprotein by the liver, and thereby may be related to the atherogenic process in these primates. PMID- 7276740 TI - Studies on fat digestion, absorption, and transport in the suckling rat. I. Fatty acid composition and concentrations of major lipid components. AB - The lipids of rat milk, the contents of 9-- 10-day-old rat stomach and intestine, lymph, plasma, and liver were quantitated and their fatty acids were analyzed. Rat milk consists of 97% triacylglycerols, of which 35% of the fatty acids are of medium chain length (C8-C12). However, stomach triacylglycerols show a 25% reduction in medium chain fatty acids, which indicates preferential hydrolysis of medium chain fatty acids in the stomach. The intestinal lumen free fatty acid composition shows decreased medium chain fatty acids compared to long chain fatty acids, indicating preferential absorption of the former. Lymph was shown to contain a significant amount (approximately 22%) of medium chain fatty acids. The decreased content of medium chain fatty acids in vena cava blood compared to portal blood, and also the lower concentration of medium chain fatty acids in liver compared to blood, indicates preferential use of these fatty acids by the liver. PMID- 7276741 TI - Studies on fat digestion, absorption, and transport in the suckling rat. II. Triacylglycerols: molecular species, stereospecific analysis, and specificity of hydrolysis by lingual lipase. AB - Triacylglycerols (TG) of rat milk supply about two-thirds of the energy consumed by suckling rat pups. The present studies were undertaken to determine stereospecific fatty acid composition and molecular species distribution of milk TG and TG produced during digestion, transported in lymph and blood, and present in the liver of 9-- 10-day-old pups. Results support non-random stereochemical fatty acid and molecular species distribution for all TG's analyzed. Stereospecific compositional results show loss of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) during digestion, producing a shift to a larger average molecular weight TG than present in milk. These MCFA are esterified primarily at the sn-3 position of milk TG and appear to be hydrolyzed by the action of lingual lipase in the stomach. In vitro incubation of milk with tongue homogenate yields free fatty acids and glyceride products that resemble those found in suckling stomach contents. Further TG metabolism appears to involve redistribution of the long chain fatty acids that remain esterified in TG following gastric lipolysis and release of MCFA. PMID- 7276742 TI - Alcohol-induced lipid change in th lung. AB - Quantities and qualities of lipids in lung lavage and lavaged lung tissue were studied in ethanol-fed male Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental rats received 36% of daily energy as ethanol for 7 weeks and each control rat, receiving an isocaloric amount of sucrose, was pair-fed with an experimental rat. Body weight gain and lung protein content in these two groups were similar. The mean lung dry weight of ethanol-fed rats as compared to controls was significantly elevated. The quantity of phosphatidylcholine (PC), a key surfactant lipid, recovered from lung lavage of ethanol-fed rats was double that of controls, but the proportion of palmitate in its fatty acids was reduced. The content of cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in lung lavage of ethanol-fed rats was nearly twice that of controls but the content of triglyceride was not different. The quantity and quality of PC in lung tissue were not significantly different between these two groups. Triglyceride content of lung tissue in ethanol-fed rats was nearly three times that of controls. Ethanol increased the proportion of oleic and decreased the relative amount of palmitic, palmitoleic, and linoleic acids in triglycerides of lung tissue. PMID- 7276743 TI - Low density lipoproteins reconstituted with steroids containing the nitrobenzoxadiazole fluorophore. AB - A new cholesterol analog, N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)-23,24-dinor-5-cholen 22-amine-3 beta-ol, with fluorescent properties similar to those of fluorescein, has been synthesized. The fluorescence lifetimes, quantum yields, and wavelength maxima of N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)-23,24-dinor-5-cholen-22-amine-3 beta ol and its linoleate ester were solvent-dependent. The cholesterol analog was a satisfactory substrate for lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. The fluorescent sterol, added in ethanol, gave half-maximal suppression of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in cultured human fibroblasts at 2.5 microM and was twice as effective as cholesterol. The fluorescent steryl ester, incorporated into low density lipoprotein, was used to demonstrate high affinity cellular uptake and degradation of the reconstituted lipoproteins, intracellular accumulation of the free sterol and simultaneous suppression of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase in fibroblasts. Half-maximal suppression was achieved at 10 micrograms mL-1 of low density lipoproteins reconstituted with the fluorescent steryl ester, compared to the same degree of suppression produced by 2 micrograms mL-1 of native low density lipoproteins. The interaction of low density lipoproteins reconstituted with N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)-23,24 dinor-5-cholen-22-amine-3 beta-ol linoleate with cells was readily visualized by fluorescence microscopy and quantified by fluorimetry. These analogs will facilitate the studies of lipoprotein-cell interactions and phospholipid vesicle cell interactions, the selection of cell mutants defective in lipoprotein metabolism, and the assessment of the immediate environment of the steroids in cellular membranes. PMID- 7276744 TI - Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography of phosphatidylcholine: a simple method for determining relative hydrophobic interaction of various molecular species. AB - A convenient method for the separation of molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. PC species from egg, bovine brain, and porcine liver were resolved into 11-13 separate peaks on a Nucleosil-5-C18 reversed-phase column with methanol-1 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 9.5:0.5 (v/v) as the solvent. Detection was at 205 nm. PC species were primarily resolved due to specific hydrophobic interaction of their fatty acid side chains with the alkyl ligand of the stationary phase. The retention time and therefore the hydrophobic interaction of acyl chains of PC species increased logarithmically as the total number of carbon atoms in the chains increased in the homologous series. The retention times decreased nonlinearly as the number of double bonds in the fatty chains increased. Introduction of the first double bond in the side chain reduced the retention time to the greatest extent. From the chromatography data the reduction in the retention time was calculated to be equivalent to 1.8 carbon atoms compared to the fully saturated PC. Further introduction of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 double bonds in the same side chain reduced the retention time additionally, equivalent to 1.4, 1.2, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0 less carbon atoms. Each molecular species of PC was assigned a "Hydrophobic Carbon Number" (HCN) based upon the total number of carbon atoms ad double bonds in the side chain. PC molecules with the same HCN had the same retention time. The average HCN was calculated for various PC preparations and found to be remarkably the same for all the three different naturally occurring sources considering a wide variety of different fatty acid compositions of each type. HCN provides a simple measure of relative hydrophobicity of each PC molecule. PMID- 7276745 TI - Separation of sulfated from non-sulfated serum bile acids without the use of Sephadex columns. AB - Methods currently in use for the quantitative measurement of sulfated serum bile acids usually lead to low recoveries. The present technique uses two internal standards and involves enzymatic hydrolysis followed by extraction of the non sulfated fraction in ether at pH 4.6. The sulfated fraction is then solvolysed before gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the individual bile acids of both fractions. Using 200 microliters of serum, recoveries of more than 81% of sulfated bile acids were achieved. This method is of particular significance in view of recent evidence showing that certain sulfated bile acids are cholestatic. PMID- 7276746 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic separation of conjugates of ursodeoxycholic acid from those of litho-, chenodeoxy-, deoxy-, and cholic acids. AB - Separation of the glycine and taurine conjugates of ursodeoxycholic acid from those of lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and cholic acid by thin-layer chromatography is described. Thus, on running a silica gel G plate first in a solvent system of n-butanol-water 20:3 and then in a second solvent system of chloroform-isopropanol-acetic acid-water 30:20:4:1, all the above-mentioned conjugated bile acids are separated from one another. The application of this method to study the change in the biliary bile acid conjugation pattern in ursodeoxycholic acid-fed gallstone patients is described. PMID- 7276747 TI - Measurement of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity with selected ion monitoring. AB - Formation of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol by rat liver microsomes was quantitated using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer operated in selected ion monitoring mode. This procedure measures the mass of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol formed and does not require addition of labeled cholesterol to monitor the reaction, since endogenous microsomal cholesterol serves as substrate for the enzyme cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. The method requires only the extraction of lipids from microsomal incubations and injection of a small fraction of this extract into the apparatus. Microsomes from normal rat livers incubated for different periods were found to yield increased 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol with time. PMID- 7276748 TI - Isotope derivative assay of human serum bile acids. AB - A new method for the selective determination of the main serum bile acids has been developed. Serum samples with added 14C-labeled bile acid were submitted to deproteinization, alkaline hydrolysis, methylation, and were then chromatographed on alumina before acetylation with 2 microliters of [3H]acetic anhydride. Excess reagent was eliminated by evaporation; elimination of residual tritiated contaminants and separation of the doubly labeled bile acid derivatives were obtained by thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography on Lipidex 5000, and crystallization. The sensitivity of the method is about 10 pmol of each bile acid. Analyses of seven sera with normal or elevated concentration of bile acids by the proposed method and gas-liquid chromatography showed a close correlation (r = 0.94; slope = 0.93). PMID- 7276749 TI - Multilaboratory evaluation of an ultrafiltration procedure for high density lipoprotein cholesterol quantification in turbid heparin-manganese supernates. AB - High density lipoprotein (HDL) can be quantitated by measurement of cholesterol in supernates after precipitation of low and very low density lipoprotein (LDL and VLDL) with heparin and Mn(2+). Supernatant turbidity, often observed with hypertriglyceridemic specimens, indicates incomplete sedimentation of LDL/VLDL and precludes accurate quantitation of HDL. Ten Lipid Research Clinic Laboratories compared an ultrafiltration technique for clearing turbid heparin Mn(2+) supernates to current methods involving repeat precipitation of either the original specimen after dilution or the d > 1.006 g/ml fraction after removal of VLDL from the initial specimen by ultracentrifugation. Results for ultrafiltration of 429 turbid supernates averaged only slightly higher (1.0-1.1 mg/dl) than results by the dilution or ultracentrifugation methods on the same specimens, but this difference was found to be significant (P < 0.005). The agreement of the ultrafiltration method with the other two methods is indicated by the following linear regression equations: a), ultrafiltration = (0.964 x ultracentrifugation) + 2.4 mg/dl, and correlation coefficient = 0.926; and b), ultrafiltration = (0.936 x dilution) + 3.3 mg/dl, and correlation coefficient = 0.933. We conclude that ultrafiltration of turbid heparin-Mn(2+) supernates is a convenient alternative to precipitation after either dilution or removal of VLDL. Warnick, G. R., J. J. Albers, P. Bachorik, J. Turner, C. Garcia, C. Breckinridge, K. Kuba, S. McNeely, G. Hillerman, P. King, R. Muesing, B. Most, and K. Lippel. Multi-laboratory evaluation of an ultrafiltration procedure for high density lipoprotein cholesterol quantification in turbid heparin-manganese supernates. PMID- 7276750 TI - Cofactor requiremets for 7 alpha-dehydroxylation of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid in cell extracts of the intestinal anaerobic bacterium, Eubacterium species V.P.I. 13708. AB - The characteristics of 7 alpha-dehydroxylase, a bile acid-biotransforming enzyme, were determined using dialyzed cell extracts of Eubacterium sp. V.P.I. 12708. 7 alpha-Dehydroxylase was induced by cholic acid in this organism. Induction by cholic acid resulted in the differential synthesis of at least five new polypeptides with molecular weights of 77,000, two at 56,000, 27,000 and 23,500, as determined by both one and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The relative molecular weight of 7 alphs dehydroxylase activity was estimated by anaerobic Bio-Gel A 1.5 M gel filtration chromatography to be 114,000. NAD+ was the only cofactor to consistently stimulate 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity in dialyzed cell extracts. The specific activity increased 4- to 6-fold with either cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid as a substrate in the presence of NAD+. NAD+ was also required for the reduction of the delta 6-intermediate to deoxycholic acid. Other pyridine or flavin nucleotides were ineffective cofactors when added alone. Saturation kinetics for NAD+ with cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid as substrates were hyperbolic, and Lineweaver-Burk plots yielded apparent Km values of 0.13 mM and 0.006 mM, respectively. Similar kinetics were obtained with cholic acid giving an apparent Km of 25 microM. The substrate saturation curve for chenodeoxycholic acid 7 alpha dehydroxylation indicated substrate inhibition at high concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid (greater than 50 microM). These studies show that 7 alpha dehydroxylase is an inducible enzyme and requires NAD+ as a cofactor in this bacterium. PMID- 7276751 TI - Urinary clearance and metabolism of mevalonate by the isolataed perfused rat kidney. AB - The urinary excretion and the incorporation into lipids of R[3-14C]mevalonate was investigated in isolated rat kidneys perfused with physiological concentration sof the substrate (80-500 pmol/ml). The clearance of R[3-14C]mevalonate and of the unnatural enantiomer S[5-14C]mevalonate were compared to the glomerular filtration ratea measured by the clearance of inulin. Evidence is presented that half of R-mevalonate filtered in the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the tubule whereas S-mevalonate is not reabsorbed. The kidney tubule appears to discriminate between the R and S forms of the mevalonate salt. Urinary excretion and incorporation into lipids accounted for 22% and 46%, respectively, of the uptake of R[3-14C]mevalonate from the perfusate. The label of R[3-14C]mevalonate recovered in lipids was distributed among saponifiable (15%), digitonin precipitable sterols (18%) and squalene + prenols (67%). Sterol synthesis in the kidney appears to be controlled, at least in part, by the level of circulatinga R mevalonate. PMID- 7276752 TI - Hydrolysis of guinea pig nascent very low density lipoproteins catalyzed by lipoprotein lipase: activation by hjman apolipoprotein C-II. AB - Very low density lipoproteins isolated from guinea pig liver perfusate (VLDLp) lack the equivalent of human apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II), the activator of lipoprotein lipase (LpL). These lipoproteins are therefore ideal substrates with which to investigate the mechanism by which apoC-II activates the enzyme. VLDLp binds apoC-II, and apoC-II associated with VLDLp markedly increases the rate of lipoprotein lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of VLDLp-triglycerides. The activator potency of apoC-II is independent of the method of enrichment of VLDLp with apoC II: delipidated human apoC-II and apoC-II transferred from human high density lipoproteins activate lipoprotein lipase to equal extents. ApoC-II causes pH dependent changes in both apparent Km and VmaX of LpL-catalyzed hydrolysis of VLDLp-triglycerides. At pH l7.4--7.5, the major effects of apoC-II is to decrease the apparent Km by 3.3--4.0 fold. The apparent Vmax is increased 1.3-fold. At pH 6.5 and 8.5, the decrease of apparent Km is less marked, 1.6-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively. At pH 6.5, apoC-II increases the apparent Vmax ty 1.3-fold, while at pH 8.5 the primary effect of apoC-II is a 1.6-fold increase of apparent Vmax. Based on a simple kinetic model, the data suggest that apoC-II favors direct interaction between enzyme and triglyceride within the lipoprotein particle, as well as subsequent catalytic turnover. PMID- 7276753 TI - Cholesteryl ester transfer from phospholipid vesicles to human density lipoproteins. AB - The exchange of cholesteryl esters between different lipoproteins was reported to bae mediated by a protein present in human plasma. In this study wer have examined the movement of cholesteryl ester from unilamellar phospholipid vesicles to high density lipoprotein (HDL). Experimental conditions were establisehd so that vesicles containing egg yolk lecithin and cholesteryl oleatea (molar ratio of 86:1) could be incubated with human HDL so that neaither disruption of particles nor transfer of lipid occurred. Addition of human lipoprotein-deficient plasma to the system promoted the transfer of cholesteryl oleate, but not phospholipid, from vesicles to HDL. Cholesteryl oleate transfer was dependent upon amount of HDL or lipoproteain-deficient plasma added and occurred when either HDL2 or HDL3 were present. Addition of unesterified cholesterol to the vesicles did not influence lcholesteryl ester transfer to HDL. When phospholipid vesicles containing both cholesteryl oleate and triolein (molar ratio 86:1:1) were incubated with HDL and lipoprotein-deficient plasma, only cholesteryl oleate was transferred from the vesicles to HDL. Lipoprotein-deficient plasma derived from rabbits promoted the selective transfer of cholesteryl oleate from these visicles, but rat plasma did not cause any movement of cholesteryl oleate or triolein from vesicles to HDL. HDL containing labeled cholesteryl esters was prepared and incubated with vesicles containing unlabeled cholesteryl esters or phospholipid alone. Addition of lipoprotein-deficient plasma did not promote transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to vesicles, whereas transfer from HDL to low density lipoprotein was readily observed. The results indicated that a protein present in rabbit and human plasma is effective in the selective, unidirectional transport of cholesteryl esters from a phospholipid bilayer to a plasma lipoprotein. PMID- 7276754 TI - Human tissue lipids: occurrence of fatty acid isomers from dietary hydrogenated oils. AB - Hydrogenation of vegetable oils produces fatty acids with unusual structures having trans double bonds and double bonds in new positions of the acyl chain. This study was designed to determine which of these fatty acid isomers are incorporated or accumulated in humans during long-term dietary consumption of hydrogenated fats. The double bond position and configuration of the octadecenoate fraction of total lipids extracted from human heart, brain, liver, aorta, and adipose tissue were determined. The level of trans octadecenoate in the tissues as determined by both direct gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and by GLC after silver nitrate thin-layer chromatography ranged between 0.4 and 5.0%, with an average of 2.7%. Tissues were found to contain trans-octadecenoic isomers having double bonds between the 6 and 15 positions, whereas cis double bonds were found to occur between the 6 and 14 positions. The distribution of double bonds in adipose tissue correlated very closely with the composition of dietary hydrogenated fat. Thus, essentially all of the unusual octadecenoic fatty acid isomers that are produced during vegetable oil hydrogenation are incorporated into human tissue. However, in contrast to results of short-term (1-6 months) feeding studies of animals, our results suggest that long-term (20-60 years) consumption of hydrogenated fats by humans does not lead to substantial preferential accumulation of positional isomers in human tissue total lipids. PMID- 7276755 TI - The biosynthesis, absorption, and origin of cholesterol and plant sterols in the Florida land crab. AB - In order to study the biosynthesis, composition, and origin of sterols in the Florida land crabs, Cardisoma guanhumi (Latreille), we fed 17 male crabs either a cholesterol-free or a high cholesterol diet for 2 to 7 weeks. The origin of sterols in these crabs, whether from biosynthesis or from the diet, was determined by tahree procedures: the incorporation of isotopic mevalonate into the cholesterol when the diet was cholesterol-free; the absorption of isotopic cholesterol and sitosterol from the diet; the cholesterol and plant sterol concentrations of hepatopancreas, plasma, and muscle under conditions of cholesterol-free and high cholesterol diets. In addition, the interconversion of cholesterol and sitosterol was investigated. Dietary sterols of plant and animal sources were readily absorbed and provided the major source of sterols for this species of crab. The biosynthesis of cholesterol from mevalonate in this crab was minimal. However, cholesterol was synthesized from dietary sitosterol by dealkylation. Cholesterol and the three plant sterols (24 epsilon-methyl cholesterol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol) were found in the hepatopancreas, plasma, and muscle of the crab. Plant sterols contributed from 9 to 37% of the total sterols in the hepatopancreas, plasma, and muscle of the crabs fed a cholesterol-free diet. PMID- 7276756 TI - The effect of decreased plasma cholesterol concentration on circulatinga mevalonate metabolism in rats. AB - Circulating mevalonate is metabolized by two mechanisms: the sterol pathways leading to cholesterol and the shunt pathway resulting in CO2 production. The kidney is the chief site of circulating mevalonate metabolism by both pathways. The present study investigated the effect of plasma cholesterol concentration on circulating mevalonate metabolism. 3-Aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine and Triton WR 1339 were utilized to induce "functional hypocholesterolemia". An enhancement of both renal total nonsaponifiable lipid synthesis (36-43%) and cholesterol synthesis (42%) from circulatinga mevalonate was observed when "functional hypocholesterolemia" was induced by either compound. Hepatic total nonsaponifiable lipid synthesis from circulating mevalonate was not enhanced in the Triton-treated animals, but 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine treatment increased accumulation of total labeled nonsaponifiable lipids and cholesterol. No increase in labeled total nonsaponifiable lipids or cholesterol in the carcass was observed after treatment with wither compound. "Functional hypocholesterolemia" reduced the shunt pathway of circulating mevalonate metabolism by approximately 30%. This reduction occurred in both the renal and extrarenal shunt pathways. These data indicate that plasma cholesterol concentration regulates the in vivo metabolism of circulating mevalonate in that hypocholesterolemia reduces the shunt pathway and stimulates sterologenesis, and effect chiefly localized to athe kidneys. PMID- 7276757 TI - Preparative isotachophoresis of human plasma high density lipoproteins HDL2 and HDL3. AB - HDL2 and HDL3 subclasses of human serum HDL were isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation and further analyzed by isotachophoraesis on polyacrylamide gel. The HDL2 divided into six subfractions and the HDL3 into ten subfractions differing in chemical composition and in apolipoproteinl content. The apoA-I/apoA II ratios differed widely among the various subfractions. The subfractions with the highest apoA-I/apoA-II ratio appeared to have the greatest affinity for cholesterol. The preparative isotachophoresis, used for the first time in this type of investigation, has high resolving power and is reproducible and thus suitable for use in the study of the structure and metabolism of the lipoproteins. PMID- 7276758 TI - Dynamic models for animal orientation. AB - The orientation of an animal moving in a plane towards a point-like mark is investigated. The control exerted by the optomotor (tracking) response on the motion of the animal is interpreted as an external force acting on the animal itself, which is modeled as a dipole or as a single point. The optomotor response is assumed as a rather general function of distance and angle. Differential equations governing the motion are derived and analyzed qualitatively and numerically. The role of distance-dependence and of the width of the visual field is investigated in detail and related to some typical kinds of paths in the plane, such as hitting the mark, coming close to the mark within a short distance, circular or undulating motion around the mark. PMID- 7276760 TI - Stationary gene frequency distribution in the environment fluctuating between two distinct states. AB - A general method is given to obtain a stationary distribution in a "stochastic" one-dimensional dynamical system in which an environmental parameter specifying the dynamical system is a stationary Markov process with only two states. By applying this method, the exact stationary gene frequency distribution is obtained for a genic selection model in the environment fluctuating between two distinct states. Several limiting stationary distributions are obtained therefrom, and one of them is shown to coincide with a stationary solution of the diffusion equation heuristically derived by us for more general cases. Discussion is given on the relationship between the diffusion equations obtained by various authors starting from discrete, non-overlapping generation models. PMID- 7276761 TI - System identification of the control of gluconeogenesis in the intact organism under conditions of long-term stress. AB - In this article a system-theoretic approach to hormonal control of gluconeogenesis as observed in the intact organism under hypoglycemia and hypoxia is attempted. Under such conditions the secretion of the stress hormone corticosterone by the adrenal cortex is effected by neural control centres inducing the synthesis of gluconeogenetic enzymes which catalyze the production of glucose from amino acids originating from body tissues. The time courses of the hormonal, enzymatic and metabolic quantities measured are evaluated in the framework of a model in the form of a system of differential equations, the parameters of which are determined by a numerical search procedure. PMID- 7276759 TI - Theory of equilibrium binding of a bivalent ligand to cell surface antibody: the effect of antibody heterogeneity on cross-linking. AB - We investigate the equilibrium binding of symmetric bivalent ligands to a heterogeneous population of symmetric bivalent cell surface receptors. The receptors are heterogeneous in their binding affinities (equilibrium binding constants) for the ligand. For any distribution of receptor binding affinities we show how to calculate the total concentration of receptors that are cross-linked by the ligand, i.e., the concentration of cell surface aggregates composed of two or more receptors, as well as the concentration of any given aggregate. We show that certain qualitative properties of cross-linking which hold for homogeneous antibody populations fail to hold in the heterogeneous case. We use our results to interpret certain in vitro experiments in which synthetic bivalent haptens are used to trigger histamine release from basophils which have on their surface antibody specific for the hapten. PMID- 7276762 TI - A continuous migration model with stable demography. AB - A probability model of a population undergoing migration, mutation, and mating in a geographic continuum R is constructed, and an integro-differential equation is derived for the probability of genetic identity. The equation is solved in one case, and asymptotic analysis done in others. Individuals at x, y epsilon R in the model mate with probability V(x, y) dt in any time interval (t, t + dt). In two dimensions, if V(x, y) = V(x - y) where V(x) approximately V(x/beta)/beta2 approaches a delta function, the equilibrium probability of identity vanishes as beta Leads to 0. The asymptotic rate at which this occurs is discussed for mutation rates u = u0 Greater than 0 and for beta approximately cua, alpha Greater than 0, and u Leads to 0. PMID- 7276763 TI - Comparison of carotid phonoangiography, oculoplethysmography, angiography, and surgical findings in carotid artery occlusive disease. PMID- 7276764 TI - Microaggregate filters - should they be used? PMID- 7276765 TI - Restrictive covenants in partnership agreement and employment contracts: a primer. PMID- 7276766 TI - The Medical Association of Georgia's Disabled Doctors Program -- a 5-year review. PMID- 7276767 TI - Emergency treatment of insect sting reactions -- should adrenaline be available in schools and camps? PMID- 7276768 TI - The Pap smear, how often? The gynecologist perspective. The Oncology Committee, Georgia State Obstetrical and Gynecological Society. PMID- 7276769 TI - New hope in the 1980s for the cyanotic infant. PMID- 7276770 TI - Reconciling the antitrust laws and the health care laws: a step backward? PMID- 7276771 TI - Support groups for cancer patients in Georgia. PMID- 7276772 TI - Riboflavin nutritional status in Southern Thailand. PMID- 7276773 TI - Breast feeding: observation at Ramathibodi Hospital. PMID- 7276777 TI - Group C streptococcal glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7276775 TI - Sympathetic ophthalmitis 10 years after the initial injury: a case report. PMID- 7276774 TI - A survey of blood pressure among various Hill-tribes, the Thai yai and Thai Chiang rai of Northern Thailand. PMID- 7276778 TI - Enteric fever in which cimetidine might have played an important role. PMID- 7276776 TI - Cerebral cysticercosis simulating pheochromocytoma: a case report. PMID- 7276779 TI - Use of P wave morphology for inferring pacemaker localization along the sulcus terminalis in the dog. AB - P wave morphology in leads II and III, recorded at high gain and sweep speed, was correlated to the initial site of activation over the anatomical SA node and at sites more distal on the sulcus terminalis. Pacemaker localization was inferred from the initial site of activation of seventeen bipolar recording sites on the sulcus terminalis, interatrial septum and left atrium in anesthetized, open chest dogs. Positive P waves were observed with activation originating from the rostral to the caudal sulcus terminalis. However, different initial sites of activation produced P waves with distinct morphological characteristics. Pacemaker localization nearest the rostral SA node produced upright bifid P waves which exhibited a small initial positive deflection forming a plateau on the ascending limb. Recovery to baseline was generally smooth. A middle SA nodal pacemaker produced P waves similar to that of a rostral pacemaker, but the amplitude was higher and a notch appeared halfway during recovery to baseline. The distinguishing features of the P wave with activation originating at the caudal SA node were a bifid initial deflection and multiple notching at the peak of the P wave and during recovery to baseline. Activation originating at the upper and middle third of the sulcus terminalis distal to the anatomical SA node produced P waves whose initial deflection was negative. The peaks of these P waves were notched. Pacemaker localization in the vicinity of the lower sulcus opposite the coronary sinus produced P waves in leads II and III which were very low amplitude appearing as oscillations in the baseline. Thus, a positive P wave occurs in lead II and III not only during sinus rhythm, i.e., activation originating from the vicinity of the anatomical SA node, but also from non-SA nodal sulcus sites. Furthermore, the morphology of the P wave may be used to infer pacemaker localization within the SA node and at other sites along the sulcus terminalis in the supine open or closed chest dog. PMID- 7276780 TI - His bundle electrogram recording using a multipolar electrode catheter via the arm veins. AB - In eighteen patients with atrioventricular conduction disturbance, His bundle electrograms were studied via the arm vein. A 6F Berkovits-Castellanos USCI hexapolar electrode catheter was introduced into the right atrium and looped across the tricuspid valve in a "golf club" shape. The main aim was to leave the two distal electrodes in contact with the atrial endocardium to perform atrial pacing, while displaying the other four electrodes along the superior angle of the tricuspid valve for proximal and distal His bundle recordings. His bundle electrograms were successfully obtained in all cases. The arm approach provides an alternate route whenever the femoral approach is not feasible. Moreover, the use of an hexapolar electrode catheter provides some practical advantages: 1) it enables atrial pacing to be performed, as well as proximal and distal His bundle recording to be obtained, by using the same multipolar electrode catheter; and 2) it allows long-term monitoring of His bundle potentials, in view of the stability of His bundle recordings. Finally, the arm approach could be the method of choice for the study of His bundle electrograms during leg supine exercise in selected patients. PMID- 7276781 TI - The relationship between exercise-induced R wave amplitude changes and QRS vector loops. AB - The mechanism for R wave amplitude changes during exercise testing is controversial. To investigate this, we recorded vectorcardiograms (VCG) during supine rest and bicycle exercise in 13 normals and 33 patients with coronary heart disease. In all normals, and in those CHD patients with an exercise-induced decrease in R wave amplitude, there was a posterior shift of the QRS vector loop in the transverse plane. In the CHD patients with an increase or no change in R wave amplitude, there was an anterior shift of the QRS vector loop. Though spatial vector length decreased with exercise and correlated with R wave changes, there was a better correlation between changes in the maximal QRS vector angle and R wave amplitude. The etiology of R wave changes during exercise appears to be mainly due to shifts in QRS vector loops, but the reason for these shifts is unknown. PMID- 7276782 TI - Fourier analysis of cardiac action potentials. AB - Fourier analysis of the repolarization phases of cardiac action potentials showed clear differences in the frequency characteristics of atrial and ventricular recordings. The frequency spectrum of the atrial repolarization phase was in the range of 0-45Hz, with a predominant power spectral density between 0-15Hz. The frequency spectrum of the ventricular repolarization phase was in the range of 0 20Hz, with a predominant power spectral density between 0-10Hz. Physiological changes that accentuate the differences in shape between atrial and ventricular APs also accentuate the differences in frequency spectrum of their repolarization phases. Fourier analysis therefore could be a complement to the current methods used to describe and quantify differences in the shape of cardiac action potentials. PMID- 7276783 TI - Sequences of early and late phases of repolarization on dog ventricular epicardium. AB - Monophasic action potentials from 32 to 43 epicardial sites were recorded with concentric suction electrodes in 11 dogs during atrial pacing at a constant rate. The duration of action potentials and the sequence of repolarization referenced to the onset of ventricular activation at 50% of the highest plateau amplitude and the end of the action potential were determined. These quantities were correlated with activation sequence determined from action potential upstrokes. On the anterior ventricular surface, both 50% and 100% repolarization sequences were qualitatively similar to activation sequence and showed positive correlation coefficients. On the posterior ventricular surface, 50% and 100% repolarization sequences had little qualitative resemblance to activation sequence and showed lower correlation coefficients. Correlations between the patterns of 100% repolarization and action potential duration were significantly higher on the posterior than the anterior ventricular surface. These findings demonstrate that activation sequence has less influence on repolarization sequence on the posterior than the anterior wall and that action potential duration is the major determinant of repolarization sequence on the posterior wall. These findings extend previous descriptions of the normal sequence of ventricular repolarization and the relative roles of activation and action potential duration in determining that sequence. The study also showed differences between the sequences of 50% and 100% repolarization suggesting different slopes of action potential downstrokes at various ventricular sites with steeper slopes at the posterior basal and upper anterolateral left ventricular wall. This finding adds new detail to previous descriptions of the distribution of intrinsic ventricular recovery properties. PMID- 7276784 TI - Temporal stability of the high frequency QRS waveform in normal subjects. AB - Previous attempts to assess high frequency QRS components relied primarily on counts of QRS notches and slurs. In order to measure high frequency potentials in a more quantitative manner, we adapted a commercially-available microprocessor ECG system equipped with a signal-averaging program to reduce noise and an 80-300 Hz digital band-pass filter. The high frequency QRS output was digitized for measurement of its root-mean-square (RMS) value. Serial high frequency recordings were then obtained in ten normal subjects approximately 100 days apart. Both the morphology and RMS voltage of the high frequency signal were stable over this time period. Furthermore, comparison of inter- and intra- observer variability in making these computer assisted RMS measurements revealed a high degree of reproducibility. This new technique offers a reliable way of quantitatively measuring high frequency QRS potentials and should be useful in assessing serial changes in various pathologic states. PMID- 7276785 TI - Isoarea distributions during ectopic stimulation of isolated rabbit hearts. AB - These studies were designed to explore the effects of ectopic left ventricular stimulation on the area distributions recorded during the QRS, ST-T and QRST intervals. Twenty rabbit hearts were suspended in a spherical volume conductor, perfused with an electrolyte solution and stimulated from an anterior and/or a posterior subepicardial left ventricular site. ECG signals were sensed from 32 surface electrodes and were processed to compute areas under the three intervals, to construct area maps and to fit the computed areas to a single moving dipole equivalent cardiac generator model. Results demonstrated that control distributions were overtly nondipolar in 62.5% of cases. Second, ectopic pacing increased the dipolarity of the QRS and ST-T intervals significantly by both dipole ranging and isoarea methods. All area distributions became dipolar. Last, the QRST distribution response to ectopic stimulation varied widely, with major as well as minor changes in patterns occurring with alteration in excitation sequence. Thus, (1) ectopic stimulation changed electrical field properties of mean cardiac forces, and (2) QRST area distributions were dependent upon activation sequence. Each of these observations has direct bearing upon the ventricular gradient concept. PMID- 7276786 TI - Electrocardiographic changes induced by the stellate ganglion block in normal subjects. AB - In order to examine the laterality of the sympathetic control of the human heart, electrocardiographic changes induced by a unilateral stellate ganglion block (SGB) were observed. 10ml of 1% lidocaine was used for the block and post-block ECG was recorded just after the appearance of Horner's sign. Patients who developed vocal hoarseness were excluded. 15 recordings of 14 subjects with right SGB and 16 recordings of 12 subjects with left SGB were used for analysis. A significant increase in the P-P interval from 0.90 +/- 0.17 sec to 0.96 +/- 0.16 sec. was observed only with right SGB and the predominance of the right side in the sympathetic nervous control of the human heart was thus demonstrated. The atrioventricular conduction time was not affected by either the right or left SGB. The QTc was slightly but significantly prolonged only by the right SGB, from 0.40 +/- 0.04 sec. to 0.43 +/- 0.04 sec. This prolongation was not large enough to support a definite conclusion and further investigations should be made. PMID- 7276787 TI - Vectorcardiographic manifestations of experimental right ventricular necrosis. AB - This study was carried out to evaluate the possible usefulness of the VCG in the diagnosis of right ventricular necrosis. Myocardial necrosis was produced by injecting 40% formalin into the ventricular walls of 21 open-chest mongrel dogs. The injections were made in the inferior wall of the left ventricle in eight dogs (Group A) and in the inferior wall of the right ventricle in 13 dogs (Group B). Analysis of vectorcardiographic QRS loops obtained before and two hours after the injections revealed that both left and right ventricular necrosis resulted in a decrease in: maximum inferior amplitude, inferior amplitude at 10 and 20 msec. and maximum frontal plane angle. In Group A, six dogs had counterclockwise initial forces in the frontal plane before the injections and these became clockwise following the injections. In Group B, nine dogs had counterclockwise initial forces in the frontal plane before the injections and these remained counterclockwise following the injections. The only consistent QRS change in scalar ECGs that occurred after the injections was the development of small Q waves in the six dogs in Group A that manifested clockwise initial forces in the frontal plane. The VCG performed in serial fashion may be more sensitive than the 12 lead ECG for detecting right ventricular inferior wall necrosis in the experimental animal. Application of these findings to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in humans requires further investigation. PMID- 7276788 TI - Nodoventricular accessory atrioventricular connection associated with dual atrioventricular pathways: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A case is presented of a patient free from tachyarrhythmias or prior evidence of pre-excitation syndrome, in whom electrophysiologic study revealed evidence of dual AV nodal pathways associated with a nodoventricular bypass tract. Programmed atrial extrastimuli testing revealed that conduction through the fast AV nodal pathway was associated with a normal HV interval and normal QRS morphology. Conduction through the slow AV nodal pathway was always associated with a short HV interval and ventricular pre-excitation. No tachyarrhythmias could be induced with atrial extrastimuli or rapid atrial pacing. Previously reported cases of this pre-excitation variant (all of whom were symptomatic from tachyarrhythmias) are reviewed and the features summarized. This pre-excitation syndrome can occur in individuals without clinical evidence of tachyarrhythmias or overt pre excitation and as such may be more common than previously suspected. PMID- 7276789 TI - Electrocardiographic normalization after cerebral vascular accident. AB - A 59 year old female sustained an anterior subendocardial infarction with deep T wave inversions in leads I, AVL and V2-V6. She subsequently developed a cerebral vascular accident. The ECG now revealed upright T waves in the leads that previously showed deep T wave inversions. A review of the literature failed to reveal a similar case of normalization of the ECG after a cerebral vascular accident. PMID- 7276790 TI - A case of coexisting tachycardia- and bradycardia-dependent bilateral bundle branch block. AB - Electrocardiograms and His bundle electrograms were presented from a patient with a rare combination of intermittent bilateral bundle branch block. Critical analyses of R-R intervals and evolution of bundle branch block patterns revealed both tachycardia dependent right bundle branch block and bradycardia dependent left bundle branch block. Evaluation of HV intervals on His bundle electrograms suggested an additional possibility of bradycardia dependent conduction delay in the right bundle branch system. PMID- 7276791 TI - Ventricular pacing in atypical ventricular tachycardia. AB - Ventricular pacing was effective in controlling recurrent bouts of atypical ventricular tachycardia (Torsade de Pointes), in four patients. This arrhythmia was induced by quinidine or disopyramide therapy. Isoproterenol, which is the usually recommended therapy, was ineffective in two of the patients and was considered hazardous in two others. We consider ventricular pacing as a safe and reliable method for treatment of AVT, which should be applied if isoproterenol is ineffective or contraindicated. PMID- 7276792 TI - Characteristics of oestrogen-induced refractoriness in ovine cervical secretion. AB - Ovariectomized ewes treated with oestradiol benzoate (OB) had a reduced cervical mucus response to subsequent treatment with OB. This refractory effect was observed 48 h after a single dose of OB, but could be postponed until 72 h by a second dose of OB at 24 h. This postponement did not occur in animals which were recovering from previously induced refractoriness. Less mucus was recovered from refractory ewes, and it had an increased proportion of dry matter and normal Spinnbarkeit. Pretreatment of ewes with 10 mg progesterone for 10 days decreased the proportion of dry matter and increased the Spinnbarkeit of mucus collected after stimulation with OB. This change was different from that produced by increasing the dose of OB. Progesterone given to ewes after 10 days treatment with OB had a detectable effect on cervical mucus, but it did not specifically decrease refractoriness. The cervix provides a convenient site for studying oestrogen-induced refractoriness in the ewe, without possible confusion by an effects of progesterone. PMID- 7276793 TI - 2-hydroxyoestradiol inhibits prolactin release from the superfused rat pituitary gland. AB - The effects of 2-hydroxyoestradiol (2OH-OE2), dopamine, oestradiol-17 beta and 2OH-OE2 plus dopamine on prolactin and LH release from the male rat pituitary gland were examined in vitro. 2-Hydroxyoestradiol reduced prolactin secretion by 51% at 10(-10) mol/l and by 34% at 10(-7) mol/l, while oestradiol-17 beta had no effect at these doses. Dopamine alone (5 x 10(-7) mol/l) decreased prolactin released by 58%, 2OH-OE2 plus dopamine produced a similar inhibition of 60%. No significant effect on LH release was observed throughout. PMID- 7276795 TI - Dynamics of progesterone metabolism in the pseudopregnant rat. AB - The characteristics of the disappearance of progesterone and 20 alpha dihydroprogesterone from blood were examined in rats made pseudopregnant by administration of gonadotrophins. Measurement of the disappearance of [3H]progesterone from blood indicated that progesterone metabolism can be represented by a two-compartment model in this animal preparation. The disappearance of [3H]progesterone from blood was described by two half-lives of 0.5 and 11.7 min. The metabolic clearance rate for this steroid was 2.9 litre/day, equivalent to a production rate of 3.9 mumol/day. The initial volume of distribution of the injected [3H]progesterone was 5.0 ml, a volume similar in size to the expected plasma volume. The total volume of distribution of [3H]progesterone (i.e. 'inner' and 'outer' pools) was in the range 24.8-35.4 ml. The disappearance of endogenous progesterone from the blood of pseudopregnant rats after vascular isolation of the ovaries showed two half-lives of 1.1 and 11.4 min respectively. The disappearance of a product of reductive metabolism of progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, was apparently uniphasic, with a half life of 41.3 min. PMID- 7276794 TI - Interaction between prolactin and androgens in the accessory sex organs of male mice. AB - Treatment of adult male mice with varying doses of prolactin increased the weights of the seminal vesicles and the anterior prostate gland. Only in the seminal vesicles were these increases in organ weights associated with increased levels of DNA. In castrated mice, prolactin alone failed to alter the weights of the accessory sex organs or DNA content. However, the simultaneous administration of prolactin and testosterone resulted in enhanced androgenic stimulation of seminal vesicle weights and their DNA content. Prostatic weights, but not DNA content, were augmented by treatment with prolactin and testosterone. Although the kidneys exhibited androgen sensitivity, prolactin failed to enhance the effect of testosterone upon the kidney. Augmentation of androgen action in the accessory sex organs was observed only after treatment with prolactin or growth hormone. Prolactin also enhanced the effects of dihydrotestosterone and 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, but not of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta diol. These studies revealed that prolactin enhances the proliferative actions of androgens in mouse seminal vesicles, but not in the anterior prostate glands or the kidneys. PMID- 7276796 TI - Patterns of plasma prolactin in post-partum suckled cows. AB - Blood samples taken on alternate days through indwelling jugular venous catheters from 12 suckled cows between days 14 and 48 post partum contained significantly less prolactin than samples collected on intermediate days by jugular venepuncture. Samples taken through the catheter every 2 h for 72 h periods revealed a repetitive daily biphasic pattern of prolactin secretion with low concentration at 09.00 and 19.00 h and high concentration at 13.00 and 23.00 h. In two groups of cows, one group calving at the beginning of March (increasing photoperiod) and the other calving during June (decreasing photoperiod), there was a significant negative correlation between stage of lactation and plasma prolactin concentrations in samples taken by venepuncture. PMID- 7276797 TI - Effects of dense housing on the growth of reproductive organs, plasma testosterone levels and fertility of male mice. AB - Male mice were raised in populations of two different sizes from birth to adulthood: six animals (three of each sex) or 30 animals (15 of each sex) being maintained in cages of the same dimensions. Animals were killed every 10 days from weaning to 60 days and at 90 days. Increased population size induced decreased body and seminal vesicle weights; testicular, pituitary and adrenal weights were little affected. Plasma testosterone levels were lowered by increasing population size over the period from weaning to 50 days but they were increased at 60 and 90 days. The age at which first fertile matings occurred was not affected. These results indicate that the endocrine function of the testis, as determined by the measures used here, was specifically affected by this differential housing. PMID- 7276798 TI - Development of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to stress in rats made hypothyroid by exposure to thiouracil from conception. AB - The functional maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been studied in rats of 20-35 days of age made hypothyroid by the administration of thiouracil from conception. Basal concentrations of corticosterone in serum were normal in hypothyroid animals. Ether stress led to an increase corticosterone content of the adrenal glands of hypothyroid and normal rats but not to a rise in serum corticosterone of hypothyroid rats until 30 days of age. Corticosterone secretion in response to ACTH administration was subnormal in hypothyroid rats. The hypothyroid state delays the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-portion of the HPA axis until 30 days of age and causes a diminution in adrenal response to ACTH beyond this time. PMID- 7276799 TI - Effect of glucocorticoids, butanol extraction of serum and adrenalectomy on somatomedin levels in the rat. AB - Serum from adrenalectomized rats was equipotent with serum from non adrenalectomized animals when measured in a rat cartilage somatomedin bioassay. Extraction with butanol of sera from normal or adrenalectomized rats reduced their potency in the somatomedin bioassay rather than increasing it as has been previously reported. Butanol-soluble inhibitors of cartilage metabolism were found in sera from both normal and adrenalectomized rats. Cortisol and corticosterone, up to mildly supraphysiological levels, were found to have no effect on basal cartilage metabolism. These results suggest that physiological levels of glucocorticoids do not exert an inhibitory effect on the uptake of 35SO4(2-) into immature rat cartilage. Since butanol-soluble inhibitors of cartilage metabolism were found in adrenalectomized rat serum it is unlikely that these substances are glucocorticoids. PMID- 7276800 TI - Androgen and oestrogen binding in cytosols of human ovarian tumours. AB - The specific retention of androgens and oestrogens by cytoplasmic components of human ovarian tumours was investigated. High-affinity, low-capacity binding of androgens was observed in 88% of tumour specimens and oestrogen binding in 32%. Retention of oestrogens did not occur in the absence of androgen binding. The androgen-binding component, of sedimentation coefficient 7.5-8.5S, showed specificity for 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl estra-4,9,11-trien-3-one (R1881). In some instances, competition for R1881 binding sites indicated the presence of progesterone receptor-like binding. The data presented suggest strongly the existence of androgen and oestrogen receptors in some ovarian tumours and may be relevant to histopathological classification and therapeutic rationales. PMID- 7276801 TI - Concentrations of prolactin and luteinizing hormone in plasma of doves in relation to incubation and development of the crop gland. AB - The concentrations of prolactin and LH were measured in the plasma of male and female ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) during the breeding cycle. Prolactin concentrations were low during courtship and early incubation but increased markedly (P less than 0.01 in both sexes) between days 7 and 15 of incubation, during the period of rapid growth of the crop sac. Levels remained raised for 4 days after the young had hatched but then declined as the crop sacs gradually regressed. These observations showed that concentrations of prolactin were high at the time when the crop sacs were proliferating and producing 'milk' for feeding the young, but that there was no increase in prolactin secretion at the onset of incubation as occurs in ducks, hens and other birds. In samples taken from doves at various times of the day and night there was no increase in plasma prolactin during the first few days of incubation. Concentrations of LH in plasma were generally higher in male doves than in females, but in both sexes were significantly higher during courtship than during incubation and brooding the young. Concentrations increased again when the young were independent and the parents began a second round of courtship. PMID- 7276802 TI - Changes in plasma levels of calcium and in bone marrow mitosis after antigenic challenge in rats and mice. AB - When rats or mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells, bacterial lipopolysaccharides or bovine serum albumin, a proliferative response could be detected in the bone marrow and spleen. This response was associated with a hypercalcaemic phase. Parathyroidectomy, which resulted in a protracted hypocalcaemia, prevented the development of an increase in levels of plasma calcium. This operation also prevented the rise in bone marrow proliferations following antigenic challenge, but did not ablate the normal proliferative response to antigen by cells in the spleen. Antibody production and numbers of antibody-forming cells were not significantly reduced by parathyroidectomy. These results suggest that there is a pool of antigen-insensitive cells in the bone marrow which are stimulated after antigenic challenge. It is postulated that these events were mediated by the development of a parathyroid-dependent hypercalcaemia which stimulates the cells non-specifically. These events may form part of a cellular homeostasis, replacing cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues. PMID- 7276804 TI - Foetal megakaryoblastic abnormality associated with congenital limb amputation in the br/br rabbit. AB - Recent research on the br/br rabbit is summarized. In all homozygous individuals, limb amputations result from in utero haemorrhages which develop in the extremities and lead to necrosis. An inner-ear abnormality is observed in about 25% of the cases. By studying a large number of gestations and birth, we observed that homozygous crossings result in about 100% amputated animals while crossings between heterozygous and homozygous rabbits result in about 50% of the young being abnormal. Observations of megakaryoblastic cells in 15- and 17-day foetal liver show a predominance of immature cells in 15-day br/br foetuses. This abnormality disappears on day 17. The possible role of megakaryoblastic cells in br/br rabbit amputation is discussed. PMID- 7276803 TI - Regeneration of subnormally innervated axolotl arms. AB - Forearms of juvenile axolotls contain about 5000 axons, of which only 25% are myelinated and visible by light microscopy. Virtually all the axons degenerate after transection of the brachial plexus, but repeated operations fail to keep the arm completely denervated. Regrown nerve fibres were detected by electron microscopy after 6 weeks of attempted denervation and related to the quantity usually considered necessary for limb regeneration. Such arms regenerated quite normally, provided their innervation had been depleted for several weeks before amputation. Among other ways of reconciling these observations to the neurotrophic theory of limb regeneration, it is suggested that tissues can adapt to deprivation of their nerve supply. PMID- 7276805 TI - Ultrastructural and histochemical observations in the developing iris musculature in the chick. AB - Irises from chick embryos and from 2- and 3-week-old chicks were studied using ultrastructural and histochemical methods in order to clarify the relationship between cell loss in the ciliary ganglion and the establishment of permanent peripheral connections between the ciliary neurons and the iris muscle. The iris muscle undergoes morphological and biochemical differentiation between 11 and 13 days of incubation. This period coincides with the critical period in the development of the ciliary ganglion when massive cell degeneration occurs. During this period, the iris develops typical sarcomeric structure, with AChE activity in the nuclear envelope, Golgi, and the "T' system. At 15 days of incubation AChE activity is found localized in discrete areas on the muscle fiber, forming specific neuromuscular junctions. Between 13 and 15 days of incubation, there is a shift in the localization of AChE activity in the iris muscle, from the sarcoplasmic structures to the junctional membranes. Few synaptic terminals are observed in the iris musculature prior to 11 days of incubation. There is a marked increase in the number of synaptic terminals between 11 and 13 days of incubation which also coincides with the period of cell loss in the ciliary ganglion. The establishment of neuromuscular junctions at 15 days of incubation corresponds with the period when the number of neurons in the ciliary ganglion has attained the adult level. The time table of the events described above, leads us to conclude that during development only those neurons in the ciliary ganglion which make peripheral contacts survive, and only such contacts differentiate into mature neuromuscular junctions on the iris muscle. This will imply that neurons which are doomed to die, although they may send out fibers to the periphery, do not make peripheral contacts before death. PMID- 7276806 TI - Erythropoiesis and haemoglobin ontogeny in the turtle Emys orbicularis L. AB - The erythropoietic sites and developmental patterns of haemoglobins have been investigated during ontogeny of Emys orbicularis. The yolk-sac blood islands seem to be the unique erythropoietic site during most of embryonic life. Bone marrow haemopoiesis is first observed in young turtles aged one year. The cortical haemopoietic layer of the liver appears involved mainly in granulopoiesis. There is no morphologically well-defined series of primitive or definitive erythrocytes. Rather there is a gradual shift in size from a mean length of 17.4 micrometer in embryos to 19.9 micrometer in the adult. However the size of erythrocytes is highly variable at all stages. Three haemoglobins of adult type and three haemoglobins of embryonic type have been identified by electrophoretic separation. It seems that one haemoglobin is synthesized during the whole life. Embryonic haemoglobins persist for more than a year after hatching while the typically adult haemoglobins appear shortly before hatching. PMID- 7276807 TI - The development of the retinotectal projections from compound eyes in Xenopus. AB - The retinotectal projections from double-nasal (NN), double-temporal (TT) and double-ventral (VV) compound eyes in Xenopus were studied autoradiographically and electrophysiologically during development. Early TT projections were confined to rostrolateral tectum and spread with advancing age to cover most of the tectum by shortly after metamorphosis. Early VV projections showed a decreased density of label on lateral tectum. Early NN projections appeared to extend across the entire rostrocaudal length of the available tectum at all stages of development, but showed a decrease in label density on rostral tectum. The results are discussed in relation to various hypotheses about the formation of retinotectal connexions. PMID- 7276808 TI - Disproportionate micromelia (Dmm): an incomplete dominant mouse dwarfism with abnormal cartilage matrix. AB - This paper describes a new autosomal incomplete dominant dwarfism, disproportionate micromelia, which has been characterized genetically and phenotypically, and the cartilage of homozygotes, and heterozygotes has been examined by histochemical, immunofluorescence and biochemical methods. Homozygotes, which die at birth, are disproportionately short and have cleft palates. The heterozygotes appear normal at birth but beginning at 1 week of age dwarfism is apparent and increases during growth. Histochemical and biochemical analyses of the cartilage rudiments of homozygotes at day 18 of gestation demonstrate that the cartilage growth plate is disorganized and the matrix components, collagen and proteoglycan, are altered. Total collagen synthesis is reduced by approximately 30% and the amount of type II collagen is greatly reduced. By immunofluorescence staining with collagen antibodies, it appears that type II collagen is located primarily near the cell surface of chondrocytes but is poorly distributed throughout the remainder of the matrix. The amount of proteoglycan in the cartilage matrix is reduced by approximately 70% as determined by chemical analysis of hexosamines and by [35S]sulfate incorporation. Although the proteoglycans synthesized by the mutant are normal in size and in glycosaminoglycan composition, they were more easily extractable from the matrix than were normal cartilage proteoglycans. Heterozygotes had reduced cartilage matrix proteoglycan by histochemical methods, but the organization of the epiphyseal cartilage was not abnormal. These data suggest that a reduced or abnormal cartilage matrix is the cause of the dwarfism. PMID- 7276809 TI - On the control of the trophoblastic giant-cell transformation in the mouse: homotypic cellular interactions and polyploidy. AB - Trophoblastic tissues grown under different conditions in vitro display distinct patterns of cellular growth. Thus, trophoblast cultured on 'bacteriological grade' plastic surfaces remained in suspension culture as rounded tissue fragments. Such tissues maintained numerous cell contacts and remained, in turn, largely diploid. Trophoblast explanted on a 'tissue-culture grade' substrate formed monolayers. These contained fewer cell contacts and had more giant nuclei than the rounded tissues. Finally, if trophoblast was dissociated and grown as attached single cells, so that cell contact was minimal or absent, the single cell preparations contained more giant nuclei than tissues grown either as monolayers or in suspension. These results suggest that changes in tissue shape and the number of cell contacts can modify the growth of mouse trophoblast and alter its ability to become giant. PMID- 7276810 TI - Analysis of elongating morphogenesis of quail anterior submaxillary gland: absence of localized cell proliferation. AB - Quail anterior submaxillary glands elongated extensively without branching (more than sevenfold) from 8 to 10 incubation days. Investigation of mitotic activity of the rudiments in vivo showed no localized cell proliferation throughout the rudiments, and recombination experiments in vitro to examine regional differences in mitogenic activity of the surrounding mesenchyme also showed that no mesenchymal region specifically stimulates the epithelial cell proliferation. Histological observation of the rudiments showed that epithelial cells did not lengthen in a parallel direction to the long axis of the rudiment, and that mesenchymal cells encircled the epithelial cord perpendicularly to its axis. The basement membrane was obscure in the distal end of the rudiments, while it was easily detected in the other part of the rudiments. These results suggest that the elongating morphogenesis of the anterior submaxillary rudiments is not achieved by localized cell proliferation but by almost uniformly distributed cell proliferation, and mesenchymal cells surrounding the rudiment or the basement membrane may be involved in the controlling mechanisms of the elongating morphogenesis. PMID- 7276811 TI - Formation of the retina-lamina projection of the cockroach: no evidence for neuronal specificity. AB - There is a topographical mapping of neural elements onto the lamina neuropile of the optic lobe of the cockroach, such that adjacent ommatidia project to adjacent points (optic cartridges) in the lamina neuropile. Postembryonic growth of the compound eye occurs by addition of new ommatidia to its growing margin. Retinula axons grow from the newly formed ommatidia to the lamina. By transplantation experiments in which the position or the orientation of retinal material is altered, it is shown that retinula axons do not make connections in the lamina with respect to their old position and orientation, but rather, in keeping with their new situations, apparently maintaining a retinotopic mapping upon the optic lobe. PMID- 7276812 TI - Postembryonic growth of the compound eye of the cockroach. AB - The postembryonic growth of the compound eye of the cockroach Periplaneta americana involves increases in the size of the individual ommatidia as well as a 35-fold increase in the number of ommatidia. These ommatidia are added to the anterior, dorsal, and ventral margins of the eye by means of an almost continuous process of cell division in the proliferation zone in these margins. This proliferation phase is followed by a process of maturation of bundles of 'pre ommatidial' cells into mature ommatidia, a process which involves further cell division. Processes involved in compound-eye development are investigated by eye margin grafting, histological techniques and cell proliferation studies. PMID- 7276813 TI - Differentiation of the yolk-sac endoderm under the influence of the digestive tract mesenchyme. AB - To reveal differentiation potency of yolk-sac endoderm, this tissue from quail embryos was cultured alone or in association with digestive-tract mesenchymes of chick embryos. When yolk-sac endoderm was cultured alone in vitro, the endoderm of the area vitellina differentiated into the yolk-sac parenchyma, but the endoderm of the extraembryonic area pellucida (EEAP) failed to differentiate into yolk-sac parenchyma, and the endoderm of the area vasculosa became necrotic. When endoderm of the area vitellina was cultured in association with digestive-tract mesenchymes, all the endodermal cells developed into yolk-sac parenchymal cells after two days. Later, basophilic cells appeared among them, and differentiated into both mesenchyme-specific epithelia and intestinal-type epithelium with a striated border, and villi were also formed. Goblet cells appeared in all types of recombinations. The endoderm of the EEAP cultured with digestive-tract mesenchymes gave similar results to that of the area vitellina. In contrast, endoderm of the area vasculosa, when cultured with digestive-tract mesenchymes, became necrotic. The present investigation demonstrated that the endoderms of the area vitellina and of the EEAP differ in self-differentiation potency, and that their developmental fates can be modified by the influence of digestive-tract mesenchymes. These endoderms can differentiate into the mesenchyme-specific epithelia, though they often differentiate also into the intestinal-type epithelium. PMID- 7276815 TI - An experimental study on neural crest migration in Barbus conchonius (Cyprinidae, Teleostei), with special reference to the origin of the enteroendocrine cells. AB - A neural crest transplantation technique is described for fish. As in other classes of vertebrates, two pathways of neural crest migration can be distinguished: a lateroventral pathway between somites and ectoderm, and a medioventral pathway between somites and neural tube/notochord. In this paper evidence is presented for a neural crest origin of spinal ganglion cells and pigment cells, and indication for such an origin is obtained for sympathetic and enteric ganglion cells and for cells that are probably homologues to adrenomedullary and paraganglion cells in the future kidney area. The destiny of neural crest cells near the developing lateral-line sense organs is discussed. When grafted into the yolk, neural crest cells or neural tube cells appear to differentiate into 'periblast cells'; this suggests a highly activating influence of the yolk. Many neural crest cells are found around the urinary ducts and, when grafted below the notochord, even within the urinary duct epithelium. These neural crest cells do not invade the gut epithelium, even when grafted adjacent to the developing gut. Consequently enteroendocrine cells in fish are not likely to have a trunk- or rhombencephalic neural crest origin. Another possible origin of these cells will be proposed. PMID- 7276816 TI - Biochemical studies of intrauterine components of the tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii during pregnancy. PMID- 7276814 TI - Influence of serum factors on the prevalence of "normal" and "foreign" differentiation pathways in cultures of chick embryo neuroretinal cells. AB - Embryonic (9-day) chick neuroretinal cells transdifferentiate extensively into lens and pigment cells during prolonged culture (4-5 weeks) in media containing foetal calf serum. Medium conditions which promote the attachment and differentiation of neural cells in other culture systems (e.g. horse serum, high glucose levels) both delay the onset and greatly reduce the extent of transdifferentiation in retinal cultures. In the presence of high glucose, horse serum (but not foetal calf serum) also favours cholinergic neuronal differentiation during the early phases of culture, as shown by the levels of choline acetyltransferase activity and accumulation of labelled choline. Substrate conditions have some effect on cholinergic differentiation (promoted by polylysine-coated dishes) but do not affect later transdifferentiation. These effects may be due in part to selective survival or growth of particular retinal cell types under the various medium conditions tested. Cultures stripped of neuronal cells contain negligible choline acetyltransferase activity, but still transdifferentiate into both lens and pigment cells, although more slowly than control cultures. Cell size distributions reveal a significant depletion of the larger cells in high glucose media with foetal calf serum, but not in those with horse serum. PMID- 7276817 TI - Distribution of microvilli on dissociated blastomeres from mouse embryos: evidence for surface polarization at compaction. AB - Cells of mouse embryos develop a polarization of microvillous distribution at compaction. Cells of the 4-cell embryo show a uniform pattern of fluorescent ligand binding and an even distribution of microvilli. Each cell of the early 8 cell embryo has a uniform distribution both of microvilli and of fluorescent ligand. During the 8-cell stage, there is a progressive increase in the incidence of cells which show microvilli restricted to a region normally on the exposed surface of the embryo. When late 8-cell embryos were disaggregated to single cells, and these sorted by pattern of fluorescent-ligand binding, each of the four patterns of staining related consistently to a characteristic distribution of microvilli as viewed by scanning electron microscopy. The 16-cell embryo possessed an inside population of uniformly labelled cells with a sparse microvillous distribution, and an outside population of cells, each of which had a microvillous pole. PMID- 7276819 TI - Fetal murine hemopoiesis following in utero low-dose irradiation. PMID- 7276820 TI - Cell interactions and endoderm differentiation in cultured mouse embryos. AB - Morphological and biochemical evidence is presented that the visceral extraembryonic endoderm of the 6.5-day mouse embryo will differentiate into parietal endoderm when cultured in contact with extraembryonic ectoderm undergoing transition into trophoblast giant cells. Egg cylinders from 6.5-day embryos were dissected into embryonic and extraembryonic halves and cultured in suspension in vitro for up to 7 days. After 4 days, the endoderm cells of the extraembryonic fragments morphologically resemble parietal endoderm, are associated with a thick basement membrane and synthesize large amounts of the matrix proteins laminin and Type IV procollagen. A similar transition in phenotype is not seen in the endoderm of embryonic fragments, nor in visceral extraembryonic endoderm cells cultured in isolation. In another series of experiments, complete egg cylinders were dissected free of visceral endoderm overlying the extraembryonic ectoderm and then cultured in vitro. The visceral endoderm cells which recolonize the surface of the extraembryonic ectoderm develop a parietal endoderm phenotype and lay down a thick basement membrane. These results suggest that the differentiation of the extraembryonic endoderm of the early mouse embryo into visceral and parietal phenotypes can be influenced by local cell-cell or cell-substrate interactions, and is not determined solely by cell lineage. PMID- 7276818 TI - Cytoplasmic polarity develops at compaction in rat and mouse embryos. AB - Cells of both rat and mouse morulae can be stained vitally to reveal an asymmetry in the organization of their cytoplasm. In each cell of the rat 8-cell-embryo a column of organelles develops between the nucleus and the embryo periphery as revealed by toluidine blue, acridine orange and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Although cells of the mouse morula lack the blatant asymmetric distribution of organelles observed in rat cells, a long pulse (greater than 3 h) of HRP to compact 8-cell mouse embryos revealed a distinct restricted localization of the enzyme not evident at earlier pre-compaction stages. The cytoplasmic polarity generated in these embryos can be demonstrated in cells of intact embryos, and also in cells disaggregated from embryos before vital staining. PMID- 7276821 TI - Transdifferentiation of chicken embryo neural retina into pigment epithelium: indications of its biochemical basis. AB - Neural retina from 8- to 9-day embryo chickens was grown in long-term cell culture in an experiment to test the hypothesis that one step during the in vitro transdifferentiation of neural retina into pigment cells occurs in response to stimulation of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. Time-lapse photography showed that pigment-cell formation occurs through the intermediate stages of 'undistinguished cells', 'pavement epithelium' and 'potential pigment cells'. Mitosis of undistinguished cells to pavement epithelium was proportional to malonate over most of the tested range of concentrations and was inhibited by succinate, which respectively depress and stimulate the TCA cycle. Conversely mitosis of pavement epithelium to potential pigment cells occurred in proportion to succinate concentration over most of the tested range and was inhibited by malonate, in support of the hypothesis under test. Melanin synthesis begins in a minority of 'pigment leader cells' uniquely stimulated by the lowest concentration of malonate, although higher concentrations blocked pigment synthesis in all cell types. The pigment leader cells appear to act as centres of influence upon neighbouring potential pigment cells, which subsequently also become pigmented. Lactate inhibited most or all of the steps in formation of pigment epithelium. Between three and five mitoses occur in the production of pigment cells, whereas multilayers and lentoid bodies seem to be formed by expansion of undistinguished cells, probably without mitosis. The observations lead to a general theory that metaplastic conversion between cell types in eye tissues may require the physical isolation of overtly differentiated, multipotent cells from 'leader' cells which normally hold them in physiological subjugation. PMID- 7276822 TI - Control of maintenance and anteroposterior skeletal differentiation of the anterior mesenchyme of the chick wing bud by its posterior margin (the ZPA). AB - If the posterior half of the chick wing bud (stages 17-22) is excised, the anterior half which normally forms humerus (part), radius and digit 2, forms only a single skeletal element, either humerus or humerus fused with reduced radius. Beginning at 18 h after operation, and continuing to 48 h the anterior and distal mesenchyme in such anterior halves becomes necrotic and the AER regresses. By contrast, if the anterior half of the chick wing bud (stages 17-22) is excised, the posterior half develops as in the normal bud, and forms humerus (part), ulna and digits 3, 4 and 5. Such posterior halves develop no more mesenchymal necrosis than the normal contralateral wing buds and the AER remains healthy. Further, if the excision of the posterior part is made in such a way as to leave in place a part of the zone of polarising activity (ZPA), a normal wing with complete skeleton is formed. Thus in order to survive and differentiate, the anterior part of the wing bud needs a factor supplied by the posterior part containing the ZPA. These results support the view that the ZPA plays a role in controlling the anteroposterior differentiation of the normal wing bud. PMID- 7276823 TI - Temporal pattern of cleavage and the onset of gastrulation in amphibian embryos developed from eggs with the reduced cytoplasm. AB - Fertilized eggs of the Japanese newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, were divided into two or four equal-sized parts with fine glass rods before the first cleavage. In such cases one of the egg fragments, at least, proceeds to cleavage and gastrulates. The temporal pattern of cell division and the onset of gastrulation in such half or quarter embryos were investigated and compared with normal development. The following results were obtained: (1) desynchronization starts two divisions earlier in quarter embryos and one division earlier in half embryos compared with whole embryos, (2) the time from the first cleavage to the onset of gastrulation does not widely vary among quarter, half and whole embryos and (3) the numbers of blastomeres which constitute embryos at the pigment stage decrease in proportion to the diminution of egg volume. PMID- 7276824 TI - Some effects of glucagon on chick embryo development. AB - Glucagon concentrations ranging from 1.16 to 300-0 microgram/0.1 ml diluent were injected into the yolk of chick embryos on incubation days 8, 10, and 12. Studies of survival rates, embryo weights, blood sugars, liver and tibiotarsus glycogen histochemistry, and pancreatic alpha and beta tissue histogenesis were undertaken during the 9- to 16-day incubation period. Glucagon dosages of 37.5 and 150.0 microgram/0.1 ml diluent gave the best survival rates. Glucagon caused an increase in embryo weight, increased liver glycogen storage, a chondrocyte glycogen storage pattern which correlated with blood sugar levels, an increase in pancreatic beta tissue and a decrease in pancreatic alpha tissue. Studies of blood sugars following glucagon treatment showed that most concentrations caused an initial (first 16 h) hyperglycemia. Following this, two general patterns were exhibited: (1) the lower glucagon concentrations caused hypoglycemia after about 24 h, and (2) the higher concentrations caused amore prolonged hyperglycemia when administered on incubation day 10 but caused hypoglycemia when administered on incubation day 10 but caused hypoglycemia when administered on days 8 and 12. Interpretation of these results is based on the contribution of three factors to the expression and duration of the glucagon effect: (1) concentration of glucagon administered, (2) insulin secretion, and (3) levels of glycogen storage at the incubation stage of administration. PMID- 7276825 TI - Studies of endotoxin-induced decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity. AB - A variety of invasive stimuli have been shown to induce hyperlipidemia due to impaired removal of triglyceride from the circulation. The mechanism by which endotoxin induces a deficiency in the activity of the key enzyme of triglyceride metabolism, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), has been studied. In C3H/HeN (endotoxin sensitive) mice, LPL activity in adipose tissue was markedly suppressed 16 h after endotoxin administration. In contrast, the endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice were less sensitive to the suppressive effect of endotoxin on LPL activity. After endotoxin administration, a transferable factor had been detected in the blood of C3H/HeN mice 2 h after the injection of endotoxin that causes a suppression of adipose tissue LPL activity in C3H/HeJ mice as well as in C3H/HeN mice. Conditioned medium from the cultures of peritoneal exudate cells of C3H/HeN mice incubated in endotoxin also suppresses adipose tissue LPL in C3H/HeJ mice. These studies demonstrate that exudate cells produce a humoral factor in response to endotoxin, which suppresses adipose tissue LPL. PMID- 7276827 TI - Expression of the macrophage-specific antigen F4/80 during differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells in culture. AB - We have defined the expression of the macrophages (m phi)-specific antigen (Ag) F4/80 during differentiation in culture. The progenitor cells-the colony-forming unit in culture and cluster-forming cell-lacked Ag F4/80 but gave rise to colonies of F4/80-positive adherent m phi, as shown by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and clonal assays with L cell-conditioned medium as the source of growth factor. Ag F4/80 first appeared on a nonadherent precursor found in mass liquid BM cultures after 3 d. Once adherent, m phi expressed high levels of Ag F4/80 and other markers. The role of L cell-conditioned medium and of adherence on expression of Ag F4/80 was also examined. Clonal analysis of F4/80 and other Ag, Mac-1, and 2.4G2 (FcR) showed that all cells in all independent colonies come to express these markers. These studies establish that F4/80 is a marker for the more mature stages of m phi development and that Ag expression increases progressively during maturation in vitro. Heterogeneity of Ag expression can be ascribed to variation in development and not to independent subsets of the m phi. PMID- 7276826 TI - Antigen recognition. V. Requirement for histocompatibility between antigen presenting cell and B cell in the response to a thymus-dependent antigen, and lack of allogeneic restriction between T and B cells. AB - The restrictions imposed by the major histocompatibility complex on T-B-antigen presenting cell (APC) interactions were studied with an in vivo adoptive transfer system, using mutually tolerant T and B cells taken from one-way fetal liver chimeras. It was found that the B cells and adoptive recipient (which provides APC function) have to share determinants encoded by the left-hand end of the H-2 complex for cooperation, whereas there is apparently no such requirement for T-B cell syngeneicity. Suppression arising from allogeneic effects between the host and the transferred T or B cells was excluded by the use of tolerant as well as normal adoptive recipients; both were functionally equivalent. We conclude that under experimental conditions, unrestricted helper T cell function and concurrent APC-B cell genetic restriction can be demonstrated in vivo. PMID- 7276828 TI - In vitro generation of human cytotoxic lymphocytes by virus. Viral glycoproteins induce nonspecific cell-mediated cytotoxicity without release of interferon. AB - Purified hemagglutinin and fusion glycoproteins of measles virus either in soluble form or inserted in artifical membranes bind to human peripheral blood lymphocytes and induce cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) in a dose-response fashion. Both autologous and heterologous noninfected target cells are lysed in vitro. The expression of CMC is not inhibited by anti-measles virus antibody added to lymphocytes previously exposed to viral glycoproteins. THe killer lymphocytes are Fc receptor positive, both erythrocyte-rosetting and non erythrocyte-rosetting, as assessed by both positive and negative selection experiments. The induction of nonspecific CMC by viral glycoproteins either in the soluble state or inserted into artificial membranes could be segregated from the CMC associated with whole virions. First, on kinetics studies, purified viral glycoproteins induced CMC more rapidly than did whole virus. Second, viral glycoprotein-produced response occurred in the absence of detectable release of interferon into the culture medium, whereas CMC activity due to whole virions was associated with interferon release. The fact that purified measles virus glycoproteins integrated into artificial membrane bilayers were as efficient as their soluble counterparts in inducing CMC suggests that the hydrophobic portion of the glycoproteins was not involved in the induction and expression of the lytic activity. Purified glycoproteins from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus behave similarly, although this virus is unrelated to measles virus. It is inferred that interferon-independent CMC induced by viral glycoproteins might account for some of the biological reactions occurring early in the control of a viral infection. PMID- 7276829 TI - Immune complex-induced human monocyte procoagulant activity. I. a rapid unidirectional lymphocyte-instructed pathway. AB - It has previously been described that soluble antigen:antibody complexes in antigen excess can induce an increase in the procoagulant activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It has been proposed that this response may explain the presence of fibrin in immune complex-mediated tissue lesions. In the present study we define cellular participants and their roles in the procoagulant response to soluble immune complexes. Monocytes were shown by cell fractionation and by a direct cytologic assay to be the cell of origin of the procoagulant activity; and virtually all monocytes were able to participate in the response. Monocytes, however, required the presence of lymphocytes to respond. The procoagulant response required cell cooperation, and this collaborative interaction between lymphocytes and monocytes appeared to be unidirectional. Lymphocytes once triggered by immune complexes induced monocytes to synthesize the procoagulant product. Intact viable lymphocytes were required to present instructions to monocytes; no soluble mediator could be found to subserve this function. Indeed, all that appeared necessary to induce monocytes to produce procoagulant activity was an encounter with lymphocytes that had previously been in contact with soluble immune complexes. The optimum cellular ratio for this interaction was four lymphocytes per monocyte, about half the ratio in peripheral blood. The procoagulant response was rapid, reaching a maximum within 6 h after exposure to antigen:antibody complexes. The procoagulant activity was consistent with tissue factor because Factors VII and X and prothrombin were required for clotting of fibrinogen. WE propose that this pathway differs from a number of others involving cells of the immune system. Elucidation of the pathway may clarify the role of this lymphocyte-instructed monocyte response in the Shwartzman phenomenon and other thrombohemorrhagic events associated with immune cell function and the formation of immune complexes. PMID- 7276830 TI - Chromosome assignment of the tumor-specific antigen of a 3-methylcholanthrene induced mouse sarcoma. AB - Chemically induced sarcomas of inbred mice express antigens that are distinct and specific for each individual tumor. Chromosome assignment of tumor-specific antigens would help to elucidate the genetic basis of their diversity. Expression of the serologically defined Meth A sarcoma antigen is not suppressed in hybrid cells containing a complete foreign (Chinese hamster) genome. Chromosome and serologic analysis of microcell hybrids between Meth A sarcoma cells and Chinese hamster cells shows a clear correlation of Meth A antigen expression with the presence of the distal region of chromosome 12 (bands F1 and F2). Chromosome 16 may also be implicated. The significance of the close linkage of genes determining Meth A antigen expression with the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene cluster (on chromosome 12) and the lambda light chain genes (on chromosome 16) is discussed. PMID- 7276831 TI - Clinical evaluation of two calculation methods for a free thyroxine assay. AB - A commercial assay for the measurement of the free thyroxine concentration in serum has been subjected to a change of method of calculation, together with a change of antibody. The clinical significance of both methods of calculation, before and after the change of antibody, has been investigated. Before the change of antibody the results of the original method of calculation were in slightly better agreement with the clinical data. After the change of antibody the results of the modified method of calculation were in better agreement with the clinical data. PMID- 7276832 TI - [A simple model for the calculation of stability (author's transl)]. AB - A simple model for stability calculation is demonstrated, taking into consideration the velocity constant, its variance, the analytical error by given loss tolerance and the rejection probability. The procedure is explained in detail and exemplified by creatine kinase and acid phosphatase, both relative instable components in control samples. PMID- 7276833 TI - Bilirubin adsorption in vitro by foetal and adult human erythrocytes. AB - Adsorption of bilirubin in vitro by human foetal erythrocytes from umbilical cords was significantly greater than the binding by adult erythrocytes. A difference in binding capacity was detected at 0.6 mmol/l bilirubin concentration (bilirubin/albumin ratio 2:1) immediately after mixing with the bilirubin solution. After 30 min incubation a further increase in bound bilirubin was found to be due only to binding in foetal cells. The results suggest that bilirubin from the medium was incorporated into at least two compartments in foetal erythrocytes. A possible role of human foetal erythrocytes in bilirubin distribution to tissues is stressed. PMID- 7276834 TI - [Determination of creatinine in urine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (author's transl)]. AB - A simple, specific method is described for the determination of creatinine in urine by HPLC. A C18-reversed-phase column is used for the separation. Detection is with a spectral UV-absorption photometer at 235 nm. The results for the precision and the accuracy meet the guidelines of the statistical quality control. Comparative investigations using the method by Lim et al. ((1978), J. Chromatogr. 67, 182-187) matched well with a coefficient of reference of 0.994. The specificity of the method was confirmed by the UV-absorption spectrum of creatinine isolated by HPLC. In addition, 28 urinary constituents were tested for possible interference. PMID- 7276835 TI - BCR information. Report of the inter-laboratory trial of the reference method for the determination of total calcium in serum. Part I. PMID- 7276836 TI - Spectrophotometry of haemoglobin: the standard haemiglobin cyanide method and after. PMID- 7276837 TI - The estimation of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol in urine -- a comparison of two methods: high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. AB - In the present study two recently developed methods, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the estimation of 6 beta hydroxycortisol in urine were compared. Both methods showed a very reliable intraassay variation of about 5.2 or 7.2% respectively. Using the baseline values of excretion during a 24-hour collecting period in human urine, and after induction of the liver microsomal enzyme system by different substances, both methods gave identical values. The HPLC-method still needs an extraction step at the beginning of the analytical procedure, while a direct measurement in the urine can be performed with the RIA. Furthermore, the RIA is not time consuming and is easy to perform. As the antiserum is highly specific there is no cross reaction with other cortisol metabolites. PMID- 7276838 TI - Clinical importance of clofibrate induced increase of creatine kinase catalytic activity concentration in serum. AB - Increases in serum catalytic activity concentrations as a side effect of treatment with clofibrate have been reported in cases with the without acute muscular syndromes. The prognostic value of the laboratory symptom without clinical signs remained contradictory. The conclusion of our experience in a long term survey of patients with intermittent or consistently increased catalytic activity concentrations can be summarized in three points: 1. Increase in creatine kinase of skeletal muscular origin is a side effect of clofibrate to be seen not infrequently. 2. No muscular disease developed within observation times of more than 5 years. 3. The muscular syndrome described by Langer & Levy ((1968) N. Engl. J. Med. 279, 856--858) is a comparatively rare condition. PMID- 7276839 TI - [A photometric determination of copper in urine (author's transl)]. AB - A photometric determination for urinary copper excretion in 24-hour urine is described. 6-methylpicolonic acid-thioamide as a 3.3 mmol/l solution in methanol is used as the reagent. It is highly specific and sensitive for copper-I ions, and stable. The method can be used for qualitative screening for Morbus Wilson, and for monitoring the urinary copper excretion fo Morbus Wilson patients under penicillamine therapy. PMID- 7276840 TI - Immunoinhibition test for creatine kinase-B subunit: a comparison of monoclonal mouse and polyclonal goat antibodies. AB - We have established several mouse hybridoma cell lines which secrete monoclonal antibodies with creatine kinase M subunit inhibiting capacity. Some of these antibodies are useful tools for the determination of the creatine kinase-B subunit activity (CK-MB test). The monoclonal mouse anti-bodies and the conventional polyclonal goat antibodies were compared. PMID- 7276842 TI - Hospital privileges of family physicians. PMID- 7276843 TI - Continuity of care. PMID- 7276844 TI - Recurrent childhood poisoning as a family problem. AB - Childhood poisoning is a leading cause of death in children one to four years of age. This report reviews the recent literature regarding the causes of accidental poisonings and explores the potential for prevention through family centered behavioral intervention. Attributes of the host, agent, and environment related to single and repeat poisoning are highlighted. The children are usually under five years of age and exhibit distinguishing behavioral characteristics. Substances ingested include prescribed and over-the-counter medications or common household substances. Types of poisons, toxicity, and availability do not differ in homes of ingestors and noningestors. However, more major stresses in the family have been identified for ingestors than noningestors. A treatment approach based on social learning theory is proposed. PMID- 7276841 TI - Tachistoscopic simulations of eye fixations on pictures. AB - In three picture recognition experiments, complex pictures were presented during a study phase, each presentation consisting of n sequential masked presentations and each presentation lasting d msec. This procedure was designed to mimic a series of eye fixations over a picture, but with number and duration of fixations under experimental control. With n held constant, subsequent recognition memory performance increased with increasing d up to 400 msec. With d held constant, performance increased with increasing n only to the degree that an additional presentation of a picture was used to fixate a novel portion of the picture. These results, and those of Loftus's 1972 experiment, suggest a model of picture encoding that incorporates the following propositions: (a) A normal fixation on a picture is designed to encode some feature of the picture. (b) The duration of fixation is determined by the amount of time required to carry out the intended feature encoding. (c) The more features are encoded from a picture, the better the recognition memory will be form the picture. Additionally, the results of the present experiments imply that the events that constitute encoding within a fixation proceed in a fixed, relatively immutable order. PMID- 7276845 TI - A cardiology patient simulator for continuing education of family physicians. AB - "Harvey," the cardiology patient simulator (CPS), is the result of a new type of simulation technology that allows for repetitive practice of bedside cardiology skills and provides feedback to the learner. "Harvey" is able to realistically simulate an essentially unlimited number of both common and rare cardiac disease. This report describes the use of the CPS in continuing medical education programs conducted for members of the American Academy of Family Physicians. Cardiovascular disorders constitute a significant percentage of the practice of family physicians. The CPS teaching system has great potential for helping them keep their cardiovascular diagnostic skills current and for promoting better understanding of recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. The participants in this study were nearly unanimous in their feeling that the CPS accurately simulates cardiology bedside findings and is a valuable teaching tool with which they would like to again be taught in the future. PMID- 7276846 TI - Hospital privileges for family physicians: a national study of office based members of the American Academy of Family physicians. AB - In 1980 the American Academy of Family Physicians sampled those active members who were nonfederal, office based physicians in direct patient care to ascertain the characteristics of their hospital practices. The sample was stratified by the nine US census regions: 83.7 percent of the 5,216 active members in the sample responded. The vast majority of family physician/general practitioners in direct patient care in an office based setting have hospital admission privileges in one or more hospitals. A higher percentage of family physicians/general practitioners in census regions west of the Mississippi River were likely to have privileges in obstetrics and surgery than those in eastern regions. Moreover, family physicians/general practitioners in the nonmetropolitan areas of each census region were more likely to have hospital privileges at any level than were their colleagues in the metropolitan areas of the same region. Although there were disparities in the proportions of family physician/general practitioners with certain hospital privileges among regions, the vast majority in each region indicated that the privileges afforded them were appropriate. PMID- 7276847 TI - Rural training settings and practice location decision. AB - Since 1974 the residency program in family medicine at the University of Missouri Columbia has required resident physicians to spend approximately 25 percent of their last two years in a faculty supervised rural training center. This paper describes the setting of the rural training, the practice location decisions of the graduates, their recollections about their views regarding rural practice during their training, and their current judgements about the usefulness of that rural training experience. The results offer strong and corroborating evidence that such training is well received, is judged to be different from usual training, and is considered useful in both clinical and personal decision making. A ranking of ten training opportunities inherent in a rural center provides insight into why such experiences are well received. The data are suggestive, though far from conclusive, that participants' initial views about rural practice are reinforced by their rural training experience. PMID- 7276848 TI - Does race have an influence on patients' feelings toward physicians? AB - Much debate has been waged over the use of race as a criterion for admission to medical school. This study reports data relative to this issue, derived from interviews with 66 patients (40 black, 21 white, and 5 Mexican-American) of three family physicians (Asian, black, and white) in a county medical clinic serving welfare and low-income patients. There were no significant differences in responses to each of 18 questions among the different racial groups of patients regardless of physicians seen. There were also no significant differences in responses among the different racial groups for each physicians' patients were compared in the aggregate (not divided into racial groups). Patients strongly agreed that it was important for the physician to be caring and competent and to listen to and understand what they had to say. They disagreed that these qualities were affected by the physician's race and did not seem to have a racial preference in their physician. PMID- 7276849 TI - Teaching the family system concept in family medicine. AB - Teaching the family system concept to physicians is difficult, as it entails a new way of thinking, at odds with the familiar linear medical model that focuses on the individual patient. This conceptual difference and the confusion between working with families in family medicine and family therapy explain the slow or superficial acceptance of family as the unit of care. Five principles have been found to be useful in teaching: (1) specific teaching techniques should take into account previous training and current time constraints; (2) evidence for the relevance of system theory to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention should be evaluated early in the teaching program; (3) clarity of expectations is crucial; (4) emphasis should be on the natural role of the family physician as first-line family advisor and the use of interviewing and observational skills already well developed; and (5) synthesis of the psychosocial and physical aspects of illness will occur naturally if the family physician is the teacher of family system concepts and the role model for their application in practice. PMID- 7276850 TI - The office laboratory in family practice residency programs. AB - A survey of family practice residency programs explored several aspects of the educational and clinical work of the office laboratories in residency centers. Many residency laboratories were found to have limited equipment and undertook only a few of the common procedures. Only 56 percent of residency programs had identified a specific educator for laboratory teaching. Only 15 percent or programs had established a formal curriculum in laboratory medicine. Curricula were poorly developed in the areas of quality control, equipment purchase, laboratory design, and the training of laboratory personnel. Recommendations are made for improving residency laboratories resident education in laboratory medicine. PMID- 7276851 TI - Wrist and digital nerve blocks. AB - Wrist and digital nerve blocks are useful for the management of many common problems of the hands and fingers, including fractures, lacerations, and infections requiring drainage. The principal nerves in the wrist (radial, median, and ulnar), and the digital nerves in the hand or fingers are anatomically superficial. They can be easily located and are accessible for percutaneous injection of anesthetic agents such as lidocaine (Xylocaine), bupivacaine (Marcaine), and mepivacaine (Carbocaine). Careful selection of the anesthetic agent and type of nerve block can provides safe and effective anesthesia for many surgical procedures of the hands and fingers. PMID- 7276852 TI - Inoperable rectal cancer. PMID- 7276853 TI - Occult hydrocephalus in the elderly. PMID- 7276854 TI - Carbon monoxide poisoning. PMID- 7276855 TI - Personality and values in family medicine residents. PMID- 7276856 TI - Membership in family practice departments: an urban hospital model. PMID- 7276857 TI - Funding of patient care, education, and research in family practice. PMID- 7276858 TI - Funding patient care, education, and research in family practice: interrelated system problems. PMID- 7276859 TI - Fee for service, health insurance, and the family physician. PMID- 7276860 TI - An HMO with private family physicians coordinating care and controlling costs. PMID- 7276861 TI - Physician response to the formal referral policy of a Blue Shield capitation plan. PMID- 7276862 TI - Reimbursement issues in urban family practice: experience in New York City. PMID- 7276863 TI - Reimbursement issues in rural family practice: an experience in Washington State. PMID- 7276865 TI - Introducing a prepaid health insurance plan into a family practice residency: some preliminary issues. PMID- 7276866 TI - A family practice center experience with an HMO. PMID- 7276864 TI - Patient care income and the financing of residency education in family medicine. PMID- 7276867 TI - Research in family medicine: classification, directions, and costs. PMID- 7276868 TI - Strategies for funding research in family medicine. PMID- 7276869 TI - Funding issues in primary care and family practice: a policy perspective. PMID- 7276870 TI - The literature of record in family practice: progress, problems, and needs. PMID- 7276871 TI - Geriatric drug therapy. AB - Elderly Americans make up 11 percent of the population but consume 25 percent of all prescription medications. The incidence of adverse drug effect is 1.5 to 3 times higher in older patients and accounts for numerous hospitalizations. The basic pharmacokinetic parameters of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are all significantly altered in geriatric patients. Certain specific drug side effects, such as orthostatic hypotension and anticholinergic effects, can be particularly hazardous in older patients. This paper describes general therapeutic principles for geriatric patients. Commonly used drug categories are considered separately. A thorough knowledge of these principles will allow the physician to prescribe drugs more effectively, improve patient compliance, and minimize adverse drug effects. PMID- 7276872 TI - After-hours management of febrile children. AB - During a nine-month period approximately 15 percent of the children less than ten years of age in a university family practice had an after-hours medical contact for a febrile illness. Children less than two years of age accounted for 55 percent of the encounters. The most frequent diagnoses were upper respiratory tract infection, acute otitis media, and undifferentiated fever. Slightly less than one half of the children were seen by the on-call resident, and age and level of fever did not correlate with the likelihood of being seen. Very few of the children had a white blood cell count obtained, and none had a blood culture or lumbar puncture. In this practice, after-hours management of the febrile infant differed substantially from guidelines in the literature based on experiences in university emergency rooms and walk-in clinics. PMID- 7276873 TI - Nonpsychiatric disorders associated with depression. AB - Although depression is recognized as a common problem in primary care, that it is frequently associated with nonpsychiatric disorders is not well known. In this study, the charts of all 157 patients at a university family practice center diagnosed with depression during a 12-month period were reviewed retrospectively. In addition to demographic data, the presence of nonpsychiatric conditions known to be associated with depression and the physician's initial diagnosis were determined and statistically analyzed. At least one associated nonpsychiatric disorder was evident in 47.8 percent of the patients. The use of at least one drug known to be associated with depression was noted in 43.3 percent of the patients. Yet, only 7.6 percent of the charts indicated a recognition by the physicians that the patients had an associated nonpsychiatric disorder. Those which were recognized tended to have endocrine disorders. By increasing physician sensitivity, coupled with a complete history and physical examination, a greater number of these nonpsychiatric conditions can be diagnosed. Treatment of the contributing disorder may alleviate the depressive symptomatology. PMID- 7276874 TI - Stress and coping in first pregnancy: couple-family physician interaction. AB - First pregnancy and childbirth produce life changes and require adaptation. This pilot study examined the role of the family physician in caring for nine couples during first pregnancy through the postpartum period. Interviews of individuals and couples were conducted to evaluate their support, stresses, and coping styles. Concurrently, physicians were interviewed for their knowledge of these dimensions. Interactions between physicians and couples were observed in third trimester and at labor and delivery. Each of the participants perceived predelivery stresses relating to the pregnancy and to concomitant changes. Emotional and technical support was high; only two of the nine husbands felt a marked lack of emotional support from any source. All women felt a high level of support. While pregnancy related concerns and support were perceived by all physicians, general stresses and sources of emotional support were infrequently known. Significantly more was known about the women than their husbands. Attention to psychosocial issues appeared to depend on physician style of interaction with the couple. When recognized, stresses were reduced by provision of information, discussion, and reassurance. PMID- 7276875 TI - The Cooperative Information Project: Part 1: A sentinel practice network for service and research in primary care. AB - This is the first of two papers describing the Primary Care Cooperative Information Project (COOP Project), a program that integrates the interests of community physicians, medical school faculty, and health policymakers. This integration has been accomplished through the uniting of 44 rural medical practices in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont with faculty at Dartmouth Medical School in clinical research, quality assurance, practice management, and continuing medical education activities. This paper describes the structure, goals, and history of the COOP Project, together with the design, cost, and output of its computerized medical information system. PMID- 7276876 TI - An innovative family medicine clerkship. AB - A clinical clerkship in family medicine at Brown University has been developed utilizing many innovative educational modalities. These include games, simulations, group problem solving, research projects, videotaping, case presentations, field trips, sensitivity sessions, computer assisted instruction, patient management problems, slide-tape shows, and direct clinical experiences. These modalities are described together with a new approach to evaluation. Students' evaluations of the clerkship have been excellent, providing evidence that this clerkship offers a model of learning that is both effective and enjoyable. PMID- 7276877 TI - Adult medicine inpatient experience: a comparison of family practice and internal medicine residency services. AB - The charts of 1,272 hospitalized adult medicine patients were reviewed to compare the amount of inpatient management experienced by family practice and internal medicine resident services during a 12-month period. In a random sample of 251 patients, the diagnostic categories, age and sex distribution, race, length of hospitalization, and numbers of patients managed by both services were reviewed and analyzed. Family practice residents with an autonomous inpatient medicine service were found to have an adult inpatient experience similar to that of internal medicine residents in the same multispecialty teaching hospital. PMID- 7276878 TI - Office Doppler techniques in vascular disease. AB - The Doppler ultrasonic velocity detector is the least expensive and most versatile instrument used to screen patients for peripheral arterial, cerebrovascular, and venous disease. The Doppler detector provides qualitative and quantitative estimates of arterial and venous flow velocity and segmental arterial pressure measurements. The device can become as clinically useful as the stethoscope to screen patients for vascular disorders. New audiovisual instructional aids may make this technique a routine complement to the clinician's diagnostic resources. PMID- 7276879 TI - Generalized lymphadenopathy and fever of undetermined origin. PMID- 7276880 TI - Toward performance based graduate medical education. PMID- 7276882 TI - Differentiating vaso-occlusive crisis and infection in sickle cell anemia. PMID- 7276881 TI - Cesarean section complicated by gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. PMID- 7276883 TI - Effects of the gene Wh on reproduction in the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. AB - The gene Wh, causing anophthalmia in the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, is a highly pleiotropic gene, which has profound effects upon eye development, pigmentation, and reproduction. Since male hamsters homozygous for this gene are usually sterile, the objective of this study was to determine whether the testes of mutant hamsters differed from the normal phenotype. Accordingly, the testicular tissue from ten normal, ten heterozygous, and ten homozygous mutant animals in the AN/As-Wh strain were compared at the gross, light, and electron microscopic level. Testicular tissue from several mutant animals approached the normal phenotype, due to variable expression of the gene. However, most testes from homozygous mutant hamsters were hypoplastic and aspermic. Abnormalities were observed in Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and in the developing germ cells. Seminiferous tubules contained germinal epithelium arrested in the early spermatid stage of spermiogenesis, possibly due to premature failure of the Golgi apparatus and subsequent dysgenesis of the acrosome. Since the primary action of the gene is unknown, it was postulated that the gene either acts directly to alter pituitary function, or that the abnormalities in reproduction are due to a failure of eye development and subsequent lack of function of the visual pathway. PMID- 7276884 TI - Influence of thyroxine on suckling rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase and effects of undernutrition on the same. AB - Administration of daily doses of L-thyroxine to rats from 18-20 days, but not from 4-7, 11-13, or 25-27 days of age, increased intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. The typical anterior-to-posterior gradient in the enzyme activity was abolished in the hormone-treated (18-20 days of age) rat small intestine (thyroxine prevented the fall of the enzyme activity occurring at weaning in the distal part of the small intestine). Thyroidectomy at 14 days of age decreased the enzyme activity (units/gm wet tissue) in the distal part of the small intestine at 21 days of age, but the enzyme activity was unaltered in the duodenum. The enzyme activity in the distal part of the small intestine of pups undernourished by maternal protein deficiency is not influenced by the hormone administration, even from 18-20 days of age, strengthening the hypothesis that failure of maturation of alkaline phosphatase occurs as a result of neonatal undernutrition. PMID- 7276885 TI - Impaired prepubertal uterine responsivity after neonatal exposure to steroid hormone esters. AB - Injection of neonatal rats on day 3 after birth with a single dose of 5 microgram or 100 microgram estradiol benzoate (EB) or 30 microgram or 1,250 microgram testosterone propionate (TP) drastically impairs the development of uterine growth response to exogenous estradiol on day 21 of life. Reduction of uterine responsivity was augmented by EB treatment compared to TP treatment. This may be explained by an apparent reduction in available cytoplasmic estrogen binding sites in the uterus with a concomitant decrease in nuclear retention of the receptor-estrogen complex which was in addition to the effect upon estrogen stimulated metabolic activity (glucose oxidation) resultant from either TP or EB exposure. The degree of reduced uterine responsivity at 21 days of age directly corresponds to the degree of reduction in the ovarian weights observed in the neonatally treated rats. Neonatal ovariectomy on day 3 of life also produced a uterine response syndrome characteristic of neonatal estrogenization. Thus, it is suggested that endogenous estrogen secretion during infancy may be important in end organ conditioning in the development of a functionally competent uterus. PMID- 7276887 TI - Differentiation of melanomas occurring in platyfish-swordtail hybrids of different ages: an ultrastructural study. AB - The degree of differentiation of two types of hereditary melanomas of interspecific hybrids between the spotted variety of the platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) and the swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) was examined electron microscopically. Melanomas of the fry consisted mainly of pigmented cells containing intermediately matured melanosomes and few other cytoplasmic structures. Melanomas of the adult consisted of lightly pigmented cells having a small number of immature melanosomes; numerous polysomes; well-developed, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and Golgi systems; and irregularly shaped nuclei. Thus the fry and adult melanomas appear to represent relatively well- and poorly differentiated states of fish melanophores, respectively. Amelanotic melanomas in the adult melanotic F1 generation were also characterized. Virus like particle were often found in the nuclei of both melanotic and amelanotic melanoma cells in the adult fish. PMID- 7276886 TI - Ribonucleoside metabolism by mouse oocytes: metabolic cooperativity between the fully grown oocyte and cumulus cells. AB - Ribonucleoside uptake and metabolism were studied in mouse oocytes arrested at dictyate and metaphase II, with or without attached cumulus cells. Uptake of uridine and guanosine decreased after meiotic maturation, whereas that of adenosine and cytidine remained unaltered. Dictyate oocytes free of cumulus cells (denuded) phosphorylated all of the radiolabeled ribonucleosides. Little radiolabeled ribonucleoside-5'-triphosphate was found. This is in contrast to the early mouse embryo, which rapidly converts ribonucleosides to the 5'-triphosphate (Daentl and Epstein, "71; Clegg and Piko, "77). Following meiotic maturation, the major metabolite present when metaphase II oocytes were cultured with cytidine or uridine was the ribonucleoside, whereas the 5'-monophosphate was still the major species for oocyte cultured with guanosine or adenosine. Ribonucleoside uptake was increased and the distribution of phosphorylated metabolites was different for cumulus-enclosed dictyate oocytes compared to their denuded counterparts. This increase in uptake and alteration in metabolite distribution was not observed for cumulus-enclosed metaphase II oocytes. These results are discussed in terms of gap junction-mediated metabolic cooperatively between the cumulus cells and the fully grown oocyte and the possible role this type of cell-to-cell interaction may serve during oocyte growth. PMID- 7276889 TI - Morphogenetic effect of rotated skin cuffs on tail regeneration in Plethodon cinereus. AB - As an epimorphic system, the urodele tail has much in common with the urodele limb, relative to tissue components. In an effort to elucidate potentially similar functions of the skin during regeneration, two procedures which have been shown to be highly disruptive of limb morphogenesis were performed on the tail. In the first, cuffs of tail skin were rotated 180 degrees about the long axis of tails in Plethodon cinereus. Subsequent amputation through the rotated cuffs produced regenerates at a normal rate which were also normal in both internal architecture and skin gland distribution. In a second series, cuffs of tail skin were rotated 90 degrees about the dorso-ventral axis of the tail, such that the dorsal red stripe encircled the tail. Upon amputation through the middle of the cuff, the stump skin presented an exclusively dorsal surface which, nevertheless, had no effect upon the morphogenetic success of the regenerate. These data therefore indicate that a tissue, such as skin, may be inconsistent in its morphogenetic influence among epimorphic fields within the same organism. It is not clear whether these results reflect differences in field behavior or in absolute tissue potential determined by the field of origin. A tissue hierarchy of morphogenetic influence within and among epimorphic fields is suggested as a preliminary framework within which to coordinate such information. PMID- 7276888 TI - Preamputation and postamputation histology of the neonatal opossum hindlimb: implications for regeneration experiments. AB - Mammalian limbs generally do not regenerate, regardless of added hormonal or nervous stimulation, whether amputation occurs during fetal life or post-partum. The one exception, the newborn opossum, has been reported to regenerate the incompletely developed hindlimb (Mizell, '68). In an attempt to repeat and extend these earlier findings, we have examined the histology of the neonatal opossum hindlimb. After amputation on day 4 post-partum, we correlated the histology of the amputated segment with the histology of the remaining stump after a "regeneration time" of several weeks. Amputations through the middle of the hindlimb on day 4 did not transect the tibia and fibula because the rudiments of these bones are still almost completely inside the body wall. Midlimb amputations transected instead the tarsal rudiments or even phalangeal rudiments. Limb stumps were therefore left with distal skeletal rudiments which subsequently underwent further embryonic development and growth giving the erroneous impression of regeneration. Of 30 amputated hindlimbs, none showed regeneration. PMID- 7276890 TI - Effects of amiloride and SITS on branchial ion fluxes in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. AB - The effects of amiloride and SITS on branchial ion fluxes in rainbow trout were examined. Each drug was found significantly to inhibit both influx of Na+ and Cl- ions. It is postulated that the inhibitory effects on the contralateral exchange processes result from changes in gill epithelial cell pH. PMID- 7276891 TI - The effect of prolactin on the rate of forelimb regeneration in newts exposed to photoperiod extremes. AB - Four groups of bilaterally amputated newts were exposed to (1) continuous light, LL; (2) continuous light with daily prolactin injections, LL-PRL; (3) total darkness, DD; or (4) total darkness with daily prolactin injections, DD-PRL. The results confirmed that LL animals regenerate their limbs more rapidly than DD. The results also showed that LL-PRL animals do not respond to the exogenous prolactin but that DD-PRL animals do respond and in fact regenerate at a rate which exceeds not only DD but also LL and LL-PRL. The possible synergism between prolactin and photoperiod is discussed. PMID- 7276892 TI - Cephalic flexure formation in the chick embryo. AB - The cephalic flexure, found in all vertebrate brains, is a ventrally directed bend through the mesencephalon, and a ventral bulging and elongation of the prosencephalon. Most sources say the cephalic flexure is caused by differential growth. We have measured the changing angle of flexure through time and find that flexure occurs between chick embryo stages 10 to 15. We measured, during these stages, the lengths, thicknesses, and volumes of the floor and roof of the mesencephalon and of the prosencephalon. As expected, during flexure the mesencephalic roof elongates much more than the floor. Both roof and floor increase in thickness, and mesencephalic roof volume increases twice as much as floor volume. However, prosencephalon, which does not bend, also has differential growth between roof and floor, but the growth is taken up in complex changes of shape other than flexure. There are sufficient numbers of mitoses in the brain to account for the observed tissue growth, assuming accompanying cell enlargement. We deleted brain parts adjacent to the mesencephalon before flexure and the mesencephalon bent, so migration of cells from or to these adjacent parts to contribute to the differential growth of the mesencephalon is unlikely. We reduced cerebrospinal fluid pressure during flexure by explanting heads to the chorioallantoic membrane, or into New cultures. The mesencephalon of explanted heads bends, but the prosencephalon fails to elongate. We conclude that differential growth may be necessary for mesencephalic flexure in the chick embryo, but other factors that decide the disposition of the products of growth in space must determine the shape. PMID- 7276893 TI - Rapid nasal pit formation in mouse embryos stimulated by ATP-containing medium. AB - The primary palate in the mouse is composed of epithelium and mesenchyme. Most studies on primary palate formation have concentrated on the role of the mesenchyme based upon the hypothesis that mesenchymal accumulation elevated the sides of the nasal placodes, thereby creating the depressed nasal pits. This study demonstrates that the epithelium is actively participating in formation of the nasal pits. Mouse heads from embryos of 14 to 24 paris of body somites were placed in medium 199 and photographed. The medium was replaced with medium containing 1.0 mM ATP and 0.05% Triton-X. Within 5 minutes, the placodes either thickened or invaginated. Control heads exposed to medium 199 containing only Triton-X or ATP did not show any invaginations. The rapid thickening and invagination stimulated by ATP-containing medium demonstrates that the epithelium is the dominant tissue in nasal put formation. Although mesenchymal accumulation certainly contributes to the formation of the primary palate, it is the placodal epithelial invagination that appears to shape the nasal pits. PMID- 7276894 TI - Studies of digit regeneration and their implications for theories of development and evolution of vertebrate limbs. AB - Simple amputation of various combinations of hindlimb digits of Notophthalmus viridescens resulted in a variety of abnormal regenerates. The abnormalities included the formation of adventitious digits and branched digits, fusion between digits, and increases and decreases in the normal number of phalanges. The type of abnormality was correlated with the proximal-distal level of amputation and with the identity of the digits removed. These results are discussed in the context of a model for normal digit formation. An important feature of this model is that the normal regeneration of separate digits is dependent upon precise and orderly interactions between different parts of the limb circumference. In the experiments we report, the disruption of these orderly interactions leads to a variety of abnormalities. In addition, the model for digit formation presented here is discussed in light of its implications for evolutionary trends in the tetrapod limb. PMID- 7276895 TI - An intrabursal injection procedure for the in vivo study of ovulation in hamsters. AB - A new procedure for studying the effect of various drugs on ovulation in vivo is described. In golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), each ovary is enclosed within a complete bursa that is continuous with the oviduct. Drugs can be applied topically to ovaries by injection of a solution into a bursal cavity of an anesthetized hamster several hours before ovulation; the contralateral ovary serves as an in vivo control and receives no treatment. After ovulation, the number of ruptured follicles on experimental and control ovaries are compared. Data presented show that: (1) the operation and injection procedure per se do not affect ovulation; (2) normal saline is a suitable vehicle for administration of drugs by this route; (3) compounds with molecular weights of less than 1,000 daltons rapidly penetrate all layers of the follicle wall; (4) solutions injected into the bursal cavity 6 hours before ovulation remain there until ovulation. The advantages and limitations of this technique are discussed. PMID- 7276896 TI - The role of follicular smooth muscle cells in hamster ovulation. AB - The role of contractile cells in mammalian ovulation is uncertain. In this study, we examined the morphology and distribution of cells within the theca externa of hamster follicles at various times during ovulation. Cells with all the ultrastructural features of smooth muscle (SMC) were found only in the basal hemisphere of the follicle. In contrast, the theca externa in the top half of the follicle was composed of fibroblasts. We next examined living hamster follicles during in vitro ovulation for morphological evidence of follicular contraction. The following changes in follicle shape were observed: (1) The base of the follicle moved apically; (2) follicles, which were initially spherical, became taller and thinner; and (3) after rupture, the apical follicle wall collapsed onto the surface of the ovary. To analyze the cause of these changes, sections of fixed follicles were examined by light and electron microscopy. During the final minutes before rupture, a V-shaped constriction formed in the base of the follicle. This constriction continued to narrow and by the time of rupture, it obliterated the basal part of the antrum. We concluded that the apical movement of the base of the follicle seen in living ovaries corresponds to the formation of the basal constriction seen in fixed sections. To determine if follicular SMC were involved in formation of the constriction, the ultrastructure of SMC was examined before, during, and after the constriction formed. The morphology of the SMC changed from the characteristic of relaxed or stretched SMC to that of contracted SMC when the constriction began to form. No other type of cell in the follicle wall showed these changes in morphology. We conclude that the formation of this constriction, and possibly the increase in height of preovulatory follicles and the collapse of the follicle wall after rupture, are due to contraction of SMC in the theca externa in the basal hemisphere of the follicle. This is the first morphological demonstration that follicular SMC contract prior to rupture of the follicle. The significance of these observations in mammalian ovulation is discussed. PMID- 7276898 TI - University of South Florida College of Medicine. PMID- 7276897 TI - Changes in concentrations of taurine in murine Harderian glands and retinas during postnatal development. AB - Quantitative measurements of taurine in the Harderian glands of male and female CF-1 mice were made by standard methods of amino acid analysis. Values, in nmoles per mg dry weight of gland, were 60 to 70 in the first 4 postnatal days with a gradual decrease to 31.1 +/- 3.5 at 12 days, just prior to eye opening. This was similar to the value of 27 +/- 1 observed in sexually mature males, 53 days old. Two to 11 animals were used to establish each value. Other free amino acids in the glands are present in much lower concentrations, difficult to quantitate. Comparisons of the nmolar concentrations of taurine in dry retinas and Harderian glands from the same animals revealed two to three fold higher concentrations in the retina until the time of eye opening, after which concentrations increased markedly to greater than 160 nmoles per mg dry retina at 16 days and older. PMID- 7276900 TI - The use of video recording in an MSc instructional course in forensic science as an aid to assessing students' ability as expert witnesses. PMID- 7276901 TI - Post-excretion production of ethanol in horse urine. PMID- 7276902 TI - Bite length measurements and tooth-to-arch relationships obtained from dental casts using an X, Y-digitiser and computer. PMID- 7276899 TI - An intelligence approach to footwear marks and toolmarks. PMID- 7276904 TI - The extraction and classification of dyes from cellulose acetate fibres. PMID- 7276905 TI - The use of quantitative structure-activity relationships as an aid to the interpretation of blood levels in cases of fatal barbiturate. PMID- 7276903 TI - Impurities in illicit amphetamine. PMID- 7276906 TI - Heterogeneity among dog red blood cells. AB - A phthalate density-separation technique has been used to study the heterogeneity of dog red blood cells that becomes manifest when they are suspended in KCl media. It is demonstrated that the proportions of cells that separate into light and dense fractions can be varied by altering the tonicity of the KCl medium. This results from the fact that the Na and K permeabilities of each cell are continuous functions of cell volume. It was found that quinidine inhibits selectively the volume dependence of Na permeability. In the presence of this drug, the heterogeneity demonstrated by KCl incubation disappears. The notion that dog red blood cells are heterogeneous in their permeabilities to Na and K is thus upheld, but the heterogeneity is not an abruptly discontinuous one, as has been claimed. A sample of dog blood does not contain two discrete populations of red cells. PMID- 7276907 TI - The kinetics of monazomycin-induced voltage-dependent conductance. I. Proof of the validity of an empirical rate equation. AB - Monazomycin (a positively-charged, polyene-like antibiotic) induces a strongly voltage-dependent conductance in thin lipid membranes when added to one of the bathing solutions. We show here that the kinetics of conductance changes after a step of membrane potential are only superficially similar to the kinetics of the potassium gating system of squid giant axons, in that the beginning of conductance increases are growth functions of the time, as opposed to power functions of the time. We find that the rate constant (reciprocal of the time constant) of the growth varies with the approximately 2.6 power of the monazomycin concentration. The rate constant also varies exponentially with membrane potential such that an e-fold change is associated with a 10-11 mV change of membrane potential. We show that solutions of a simple differential equation are able to reproduce the actual conductance changes almost exactly. In the accompanying paper (Muller and Peskin. 1981. J. Gen. Physiol. 78:201-229), we derive the differential equation from a molecular model and use the theoretical equation so obtained to investigate the gating current of this system and to predict an interesting form of memory. PMID- 7276908 TI - The kinetics of monazomycin-induced voltage-dependent conductance. II. Theory and a demonstration of a form of memory. AB - The empirical differential equation that describes the kinetics of monazomycin induced voltage-dependent conductance is derived using a standard chemical kinetic formulation and the assumption that monazomycin entry into and exit from the membrane is autocatalytic. The predicted form of gating currents is shown and numerical calculations for this process are made using a range of values for two unmeasured variables. A form of "memory" is then demonstrated, along with the ability of the theoretical equation to explain the nature of the memory. PMID- 7276909 TI - Electrophoretic separation of influenza virus ribonucleoproteins. AB - A new procedure for the separation of influenza virus particle ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) by electrophoresis on a slab of polyacrylamide gel resolves five discrete bands. The largest is a triplet containing the three largest RNAs (1 to 3), the intermediate sized RNP is a doublet containing RNAs 5 and 6 and the others each contain a single RNA. In addition, each RNP is composed of NP protein and an amount of M which is independent of the size of the RNP. This suggests that some virus particle M is specifically associated with influenza ribonucleoprotein. PMID- 7276910 TI - Partial exclusion of bacteriophage T2 by bacteriophage T4: an exclusion-resistant mutation in gene 56 of T2. AB - The early genes of bacteriophage T2 are partially excluded from the progeny of crosses between the related bacteriophages T2 and T4. This is due to complete exclusion from the progeny of six exclusion-sensitive sites in T2. A mutation [exr(56)1] in the sensitive site near T2 gene 56 renders the site partially resistant against exclusion. This paper describes the mapping of the exr(56)1 mutation. The mutation was mapped between two clusters of amber 56 mutations in T2, but mapping was not completely unequivocal. Additional evidence for location of exr(56)1 within gene 56 was provided by the decrease in the activity of the gene 56 product (dCTPase: EC 3.6.1.12) induced by T2 exr(56)1 strains. The location of exr(56)1 within an essential gene contradicts the exclusion model proposed by Russell & Huskey (1974). PMID- 7276911 TI - Coronavirus JHM: intracellular protein synthesis. AB - Coronavirus JHM contained six major proteins, four of which were glycosylated. The proteins were gp170, gp98, gp65, p60, gp25 and p23. Sac(-) cells infected with JHM shut off host cell protein synthesis, and the synthesis of three major (150K, 60K and 23K) and three minor (65K, 30K and 14K) polypeptides was detected by pulse-labelling with 35S-methionine. Antiserum directed against purified virus proteins specifically immunoprecipitated the three major intracellular species and also the 65K minor species. During a chase period, species 150K and 23K were processed and three new immunoprecipitable species, 170K, 98K and 25K appeared. The intracellular species 170K, 98K, 65K, 60K, 25K and 23K co-electrophoresed with virion proteins. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of infected cell polypeptides showed that the 60K, 23K, 25K and 14K species were relatively basic polypeptides whilst the 98K and 170K were relatively acidic and heterogeneously charged polypeptides. Additionally, a charge-size modification of the 23K species during processing was detected, which was not apparent using one-dimensional gel analysis. PMID- 7276913 TI - Structural polypeptides of Hazara virus. AB - Four structural polypeptides of Hazara virus, an agent closely related to the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (C-CHF) viruses, were resolved by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three glycoproteins were identified (mol. wt. 84,000, 45,000 and 30,000) and were found to be associated with the virion envelope. A fourth polypeptide (mol. wt. 52,000) was non-glycosylated and associated with the nucleocapsid. The structural proteins of Hazara virus differ markedly from those reported for other bunyaviruses. PMID- 7276912 TI - Composition and sequence studies show that A/duck/Ukraine/1/63 haemagglutinin (Hav7) belongs to the Hong Kong (H3) subtype. AB - The haemagglutinin chains HA1 and HA2 from the avian influenza virus A/duck/Ukraine/1/63 (Hav7, Neq2) have been subjected to amino acid analysis and N terminal sequencing. Automated sequenator analysis of HA1 (40 cycles), after enzymic removal of the N-terminal pyroglutamic acid blocking group, and HA2 (43 cycles) showed that the Hav7 haemagglutinin closely resembled the human Hong Kong (H3) haemagglutinins including the presence of the characteristic extended 10 residue sequence at the N-terminus of HA1. These findings, together with the amino acid compositions for both chains, demonstrate that the Hav7 haemagglutinin is structurally similar to the Hong Kong (H3) haemagglutinins. PMID- 7276914 TI - Influence of the host cell on the genomic and subgenomic RNA content of defective interfering influenza virus. AB - Clonally derived stocks of defective-interfering (DI) influenza virus prepared by chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells were all deficient in genomic RNAs 1, 2 and 3 but had different patterns of subgenomic RNAs. A single passage at high multiplicity in L cells altered the pattern of genomic RNAs independently of the subgenomic species, while in BHK cells the opposite situation prevailed. Therefore, there is no simple relationship in DI influenza virus between the loss of genomic RNA segments and the presence of subgenomic RNAs. PMID- 7276915 TI - Stimulation of transcription by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and virion-encapsidated methyl donor in spring viraemia of carp virus. AB - S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), a methyl donor, and its analogue S-adenyl-L homocysteine (SAH), an inhibitor of methylation, stimulate the activity of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) virion transcriptase. The stimulation observed for SVCV is analogous to that observed previously (Furuichi, 1974, 1978) for a totally unrelated virus, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV). In the absence of exogenous SAM, RNA with 5'-methylated termini (presumptive GpppAmpAp) was produced, indicating that SVCV has an endogenous methyl donor. Significantly less methylated termini were produced when SVCV nucleocapsids were used to prime in vitro transcription reactions, suggesting that the majority of the endogenous methyl donor is not associated with the nucleocapsid. Partial removal of endogenous methyl donor by preparing nucleocapsids did not have any effect on the degree of stimulation by exogenous SAM or SAH. We conclude from this study that SAH has two effects on SVCV transcription, inhibition of methylation and stimulation of transcription. PMID- 7276916 TI - [Significance of chromosomal mosaicism diagnosed by amniocentesis]. AB - Second-trimester amniocentesis, performed in a 39-year-old woman, revealed on two different taps a weak aneuploid cell line 47,XY+C or X (2 clones), with a strong majority of fetal cells being 46,XY normal (15 clones). A chromosome examination carried out on cord blood after the birth of a phenotypically normal infant confirmed the presence of mosaicism, with 12% of the cells being 47,XXY. The authors consider the manner in which mosaicism diagnosed by amniocentesis may be interpreted, pointing out the danger of hasty conclusions in this domain, which has not yet been adequately explored. PMID- 7276918 TI - [Aniridia in a family characterized by low penetration]. AB - Familial aniridia is an hereditary condition with dominant transmission. The frequency of associated lesions appears to indicate that absence of the iris is only the primary sign of an anomaly of development of the entire eye, derivatives of the ectoderm being predominantly affected. The authors examined the presence of familial anridia through 4 generations, characterized by low penetration and cataract predominantly of the right eye. PMID- 7276917 TI - [Thyroid cancer with amyloid stroma, Sipple's syndrome, congenital megacolon with plexus hyperplasia: one and the same dominant autosomal disease with complete penetrance]. PMID- 7276920 TI - Schizophrenic cognition: regression or yielding to normal biases. AB - Previous studies have shown that nonparanoid schizophrenics are more likely than normals to select word associates on forced choice tests that are more characteristic of children than they are of adults. Both the view that schizophrenics are regressed in their thinking and Chapman and Chapman's theory that schizophrenics are deficient in evaluating the strengths of competing responses can account for these findings. To test the merits of each theory, a four alternative, forced choice, word association task was constructed and validated with samples of undergraduates and children. This task and a free association task requiring self-generation of response were administered to nonparanoid and paranoid schizophrenics and to normal controls. The results for the forced choice task indicated that the associative hierarchy of nonparanoid schizophrenics approximated that of children, supporting the regression hypothesis and contradicting Chapman and Chapman's theory. The findings with the free association task were less clear, and the discrepancy in results for the two tasks is discussed. PMID- 7276919 TI - [Acetylcholinesterase: an additional test for diagnosis of fetal malformations]. AB - From an observation of in utero suspected myelomeningocele, the authors underline interest of pattern of cholinesterases using acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The AChE isoenzyme band appears in some fetal malformations, particularly NTD. This biochemical test is considered as complementary of the AF alpha-fetoprotein assay. PMID- 7276921 TI - Akathisia: an overlooked, distressing, but treatable condition. AB - Akathisia is an easily treatable but often overlooked extrapyramidal symptom induced by neuroleptic drugs. It causes the patient severe distress due to the feeling of inner disquiet and the inability to sit still or to lie quietly. A case of a demented uncommunicative patient is presented to show its subtlety of diagnosis and to call attention of the possibility of akathisia to any "uncomfortable" patient who is on neuroleptic drugs. The author feels that a therapeutic trial with antiparkinsonian drug is warranted if the case for akathisia is in doubt. PMID- 7276922 TI - The effect of antiserum to S 100 protein on behavior and amount of S 100 in brain cells. AB - Since antiserum raised against the S 100 protein has an impairing effect on acquisition in behavioral tests, when interacting with S 100 on hippocampal cells, the effect of S 100 antiserum was studied in rats on the S 100 content of the hippocampus and thalamus, as well as on behavior. The operant reversal of handedness test and a light discrimination test were used. S 100 antiserum, 2 X 30 mu l, was injected intraventricularly before and during the sessions of two different learning tests. The S 100 protein was determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. In the antiserum-injected animals, the levels of S 100 protein was increased by up to 30%, the incorporation values of 3H-valine increased in proteins of high molecular weight. Further acquisition was inhibited compared to controls, in which antiserum absorbed with pure S 100 protein was injected intraventricularly. The stimulation of S 100 synthesis, probably by the glia, may have occurred by a negative feedback effect, as has been observed in thymocytes. PMID- 7276923 TI - Cerebral [K+]e increase as an index of the differential susceptibility of brain structures to terminal anoxia and electroconvulsive shock. AB - The time course of the [K+]e increase elicited by terminal anoxia or by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) was compared in various parts of the rat brain. The [K+]e was measured with ion-selective microelectrodes stereotaxically introduced into the target area. Respiration arrest induced in anesthetized rats a slow [K+]e increase to about 6--10 mM followed by an abrupt rise to 30--50 mM (doubling time 5--14 sec) in the neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala, caudate nucleus, and thalamus. In the reticular formation, zona incerta, and lateral hypothalamus the second phase of [K+]e increase was much slower (doubling time 30 -50 sec) and lacked the autoregenerative character. Trans-pinnate ECS (50 Hz, 0.5 sec, 80 mA), administered to rats immobilized with gallamine triethiodide, elicited a generalized [K+]e increase of the spreading depression type in neocortex and hippocampus (40 mM) as well as in the caudate nucleus and thalamus (20--30 mM), followed by slow [K+]e decrease (half-time 40--60 sec). Much lower ECS-induced [K+]e increase (to 5--6 mM) was observed in the reticular formation, zona incerta, lateral hypothalamus and, surprisingly, in the amygdala. It is concluded that the autoregenerative [K+]e release of spreading depression type develops in structures with high density of membranes reacting to partial depolarization by increased sodium permeability. PMID- 7276926 TI - Organization of motor neurons to a multiply innervated insect muscle. AB - Nine excitatory motor neurons have been identified as innervating the locust metathoracic flexor tibiae. The anatomical organization of the flexor motor neurons within the ganglion was examined with both light and electron microscopy. Flexor motor neurons were physiologically identified prior to intracellular staining with Procion or cobalt. Some of the cobalt-stained neurons were then silver intensified. The reliability of soma location and variability of neurite branching were examined. While the position of a soma could vary within its cluster by up to one radius, the anterior, posterior, and lateral soma clusters bore a consistent relationship to each other. The density of neurite branching varied greatly for any particular flexor. The ultrastructure of the tract containing the flexor neurites revealed the individual neurites to be glial wrapped, while the tract itself was isolated from the neuropil by additional glia. The hypothesis that subsets of the flexor motor neuron pool are recruited for different behaviors is discussed in light of the last two findings. PMID- 7276924 TI - Deutocerebrum of the cockroach Blaberus craniifer Burm. Quantitative study and automated identification of the glomeruli. AB - The glomerular organization of the hemideutocerebrum is analyzed quantitatively, using only spatial position, in four individuals (eight hDTCs) after a visual identification of glomeruli on graphic reconstructions. In order to assess directly the invariance of the neuropil in an insect brain the following is done: (1) The position of each glomerulus is compared to the position A' it should occupy if the hDTCs were identical. It is shown that in 80 and 71% of the cases, respectively, intra- and interindividual comparisons in the studied glomerulus is the nearest to A'. (2) The actual position is equally compared to the theoretical location A" each glomerulus should occupy if its absolute position could be changed but not its relative position with respect to its neighbors. The calculation of A" is based on process (3). In 86 and 80% of the cases, respectively, it is found that the actual position is that which is nearest to A". (3) An automated identification process, based on absolute and relative locations, but completely independent of visual identification, is described. It allows the identification of 77 and 74% of glomeruli, respectively. These matchings are in 96 and 90% of the cases identical to the visual matchings. The location predictability of most glomeruli is discussed to show the existence, nature, and limits of the hemideutocerebral invariance. PMID- 7276927 TI - Vertical motion detectors and their synaptic relations in the third optic lobe of the fly. AB - The synaptic relations of the giant vertical cells in the lobula plate of the fly were investigated using electron microscopical procedures and Lucifer yellow dye backfill and injection techniques. Histological features of the giant vertical cells are described. The giant vertical cells are exclusively postsynaptic in the lobula plate. They function to integrate input from dense arrays of chemical synapses and have a wide spatial input from the lobula plate. The giant vertical cells are postsynaptic to perpendicularly occurring cells. There are two classes of cells presynaptic to the vertical cells, one of which contains large dense core vesicles. The giant vertical cells are not the only cells postsynaptic to these two classes of perpendicular cells. A second group of smaller tangential cells, the twin vertical cells, were also found postsynaptic to many of the same cells that synapsed with the giant vertical cells. The twin vertical cells and the giant vertical cells are therefore integrating some of the same information in the lobula plate. PMID- 7276928 TI - Pacemaking mechanism of the afterdischarge of the ovulation hormone-producing caudo-dorsal cells in the gastropod mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis. AB - The ovulation hormone-producing caudo-dorsal cells (CDC) of Lymnaea stagnalis have three states of excitability (active, inhibited, and resting), which are related to the egg-laying cycle. Active state CDC produce a firing pattern of prolonged spiking activity (1 spike/2 s), which in the animal occurs shortly before egg laying. In preparations it is evoked as an afterdischarge upon repetitive stimulation of CDC. The afterdischarge is not synaptically driven, but rests on a pacemaking mechanism. CDC are silent in the inhibited and resting states, which follow egg laying. In these states the membrane potential is mainly dependent on [K+]0. In the active state the ratio of the K+, Na+, and Ca2+ permeabilities has changed considerably, probably resulting from an increased permeability to Na+ and Ca2+. The firing rate in the afterdischarge is dependent on the membrane potential, which is confirmed experimentally by varying [K+]0. [Na+]0 and [Ca2+]0 directly influence the firing rate. Firing stops in Na+-free saline, but is enhanced by Ca2+-free or high-Mg2+ saline. TTX does not affect firing. Relatively high concentrations of Co2+ and La3+ (2 x 10(-3) M) strongly inhibit CDC. Regular firing can be changed into bursting by various means, such as high K+ or addition of 1 mM Ba2+. Bursting normally occurs at the beginning of the afterdischarge. Postburst hyperpolarizations are reduced in Ca2+-free saline and by low Co2+ (10(-4)--5 X 10(-4) M). Active CDC are driven by a pacemaking mechanism constituted by a voltage-dependent Na+/Ca2+ channel and a Ca2+ dependent K+ channel, thus resembling that of bursting pacemakers. The pacemaking mechanism is inactive in the resting and inhibited state. PMID- 7276925 TI - Release of 3H-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by inhibitory neurons of the crayfish. AB - Inhibitory neurons innervating the muscle receptor organ (MRO) of crayfish were used to study the uptake and release of tritiated GABA. MROs that have been directly exposed to 3H GABA for 60--75 min release radioactivity during low frequency electrical stimulation. When ganglia containing the inhibitory cell bodies are exposed to 3H GABA, the isotope travels along a pathway unique to the inhibitory axon, at rates that range between 160 and 240 mm per day. Electrical stimulation of inhibitory axons whose cell bodies have been exposed to 3H GABA for 4--5 hr produces release of isotope from isolated MROs. Low calcium, high magnesium exposure prevents the stimulus-dependent release of radioactivity. Thin layer chromatographic analyses indicate that GABA comprises at least a major fraction of the radioactivity collected from stimulated preparations. A number of unidentified radioactive compounds are usually present with GABA, and it is suggested that most of these are catabolites of GABA. PMID- 7276929 TI - Age-dependent anatomical changes in an identified neuron in the CNS of Aplysia californica. AB - Neurons of Aplysia californica are naturally pigmented and the pigment accumulates with age. In the present study the pigment was examined in the same neuron from Aplysia of three postmetamorphic ages: young, sexually mature, and old. The large central neuron, R2, was examined by light and electron microscopy to determine if the pigment possessed properties similar to lipofuscin pigment seen in aging mammalian neurons. We used the same microscopic techniques that demonstrate the presence of lipofuscin in mammalian neurons. Light microscopic studies demonstrated a regional correlation between autofluorescence, staining with Sudan Black, and the naturally occurring pigment in old R2s. Electron microscopic studies revealed the presence of large vacuolated and lamellated membrane-bound bodies in the peripheral cytoplasm of old R2s, similar to those found in mammalian neurons. The bodies were located in the same region in which autofluorescence and Sudan Black staining were observed. Although the naturally occurring pigment accumulates with age, it acquires characteristics of lipofuscin pigment in the neurons of older sexually mature animals. The presence of these pigment characteristics can be used as an index of aging in Aplysia neurons as they are in mammalian neurons. PMID- 7276930 TI - Age-dependent behavioral changes and physiological changes in identified neurons in Aplysia californica. AB - The gill withdrawal reflex (GWR) to direct gill stimulation was studied in sexually mature Aplysia and in those older by at least two months. The GWR threshold in old Aplysia was five- to sevenfold higher than that in mature animals. In the habituation paradigm, the GWR amplitude decremented rapidly to zero in old animals whereas in mature animals it persisted for at least ten trials. The GWR could not be dishabituated in old animals. The GWR is an age dependent behavior in that parieto-visceral ganglion suppression of the GWR appears to increase with age. Also the electrophysiological properties of two neurons in the parieto-visceral ganglion were compared in the two age groups: L7 a neuron which dishabituates the GWR in mature and not in old animals; and R2 which manifests cytological changes with age. In old animals L7's input resistance was lower, the time constant was increased, and the size of the psp evoked by gill stimulation was smaller than those of mature L7s. Similar membrane changes with age were measured in R2. Soma size of L7 was approximately the same in the two age groups as was that of R2. The physiological parameters of neurons of known function continue to change during postmetamorphic life of Aplysia. PMID- 7276931 TI - Physiological basis of feeding behavior in Tritonia diomedea. III. Role of depolarizing afterpotentials. AB - The nature and role of the depolarizing afterpotentials (DAPs) of buccal motoneurons of Tritonia diomedea were examined. Neuron B5 exhibits a DAP whose ionic dependence and modifiability by TEA and 4-AP suggest a similarity to the DAP previously described in pleural pacemaker neurons. Reduction of the DAP severely reduces the ability of these neurons to generate bursts of action potentials. Certain other motoneurons (B1 and b6) are reexcited by a slow DAP (SDAP) which appears to be of synaptic origin. It is concluded that DAPs, which are dependent upon motoneuron activity, contribute to the synthesis of motor output by the buccal ganglion. PMID- 7276932 TI - Studies on the chelation of aluminum for neurobiological application. AB - The formation and strength of chelation of A1(III) with salicylic acid (SA), citric acid (CIT), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediamine-di-(o hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA), N,N'-di-(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N' diacetic acid (HBED), and some mixed ligand systems consisting of the above ligands were examined at an ionic strength of 0.12 M NaCl and 25.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C. All the ligands under consideration form strong chelates with A1(III). The order of the stabilities (log KML) of their A1(III) chelates are SA (13.7) less than EDTA (15.3) less than CIT (18.0) less than EDDHA (24.5) approximately equal to HBED (24.8). An equilibrium analysis of the A1(III)-SA (1:1), A1(III) CIT (1:1) and A1(III)-SA-CIT (1:1:1) systems indicated the occurrence of hydrolysis and polymerization reactions in each one of them. The A1(III)-EDTA (1:1) chelate was found to undergo hydrolysis even at pH 5. However, EDDHA and HBED each formed a very stable mononuclear chelate with A1(III) and did not show hydrolytic or polymerization tendencies. PMID- 7276933 TI - Oxidation of nitrogen oxides by bound dioxygen in hemoproteins. AB - Nitric oxide is unique among the higher oxides of nitrogen in its reactivity and efficiency for the oxidation of oxygen-bound hemoproteins. Dinitrogen trioxide serves as a nitric oxide donor, but dinitrogen tetroxide does not exhibit similar reactivity. Details are provided of the stoichiometric transformation through which nitric oxide is converted to nitrate with accompanying oxidation of myoglobin or hemoglobin to the corresponding iron(III) hemoprotein, including an estimate of the rate constant for nitric oxide oxidation of oxygen-associated myoglobin and the effect of unassociated oxygen on the stoichiometry and rates for nitric oxide oxidation. Evidence is presented to establish the mechanism of oxidation in the direct combination of nitric oxide with iron(II)-bound dioxygen. PMID- 7276934 TI - Copper and zinc ion binding by bovine, dog, and rat serum albumins. AB - An ultrafiltration technique was used to study stripping by glycine of the first copper and zinc ion equivalents bound by bovine, dog, and rat serum albumins at pH 7.5. Affinity of dog serum albumin for copper was poorer than for the other albumins, consistent with the absence in the former albumin of the copper binding site present at the amino terminus of the latter albumins. Affinities of all three proteins for zinc were similar, suggesting that the albumin amino terminus is not the primary zinc ion binding site. PMID- 7276935 TI - A pmr study of the effects of pH and anion and metal ion binding of the histidyl residues of ovotransferrin. AB - High resolution proton magnetic resonance studies of ovotransferrin show clear resolution of four groups of C(2)-H histidyl resonances to low field of the major aromatic envelope. Titrations of the protein in the absence and presence of synergistic anions, oxalic acid, malonic acid, and 2,6-dipicolinic acid, and anions plus metal ions reveal that six histidines are involved in the binding sites. These histidines, three in each binding site, are near to one another. In each binding site one histidine is involved in binding to anions and two are involved in binding to metal ions. PMID- 7276936 TI - Detection of low molecular weight copper(II) and zinc(II) binding ligands in ultrafiltered milks-the citrate connection. AB - Low molecular weight zinc(II) and copper(II) binding ligands were detected in ultrafiltered human, bovine, and goat milk by the application of the method of modified gel chromatography. Human milk contains at least three detectable low molecular weight copper binders, whereas bovine and goat milk contain at least two. All three milks show two copper binding peaks with the same elution volumes. Zinc chromatograms were less specific than copper. Zinc showed only a single detectable low molecular weight binding ligand common to all three milks. Elution volumes of both zinc (II) and copper(II) citrate and picolinate systems were measured. Elution volumes of both copper II and zinc(II) citrate complexes are identical to elution volumes of an intense peak observed with all three milks; it is reasonable to assume that at least part of this peak corresponds to citrate. Human milk alone has a relatively intense binding peak for copper(II) at the same elution volume as the glutamate complex. Human and goat milk have another low intensity copper(II) binding ligand peak at the same elution volume; a number of amino acid complexes have binding peaks at this position. No peak characteristic of the zinc(II) or copper(II) picolinate systems could be found with any of the milks. PMID- 7276937 TI - Effects of manganese and calcium on conformational stability of concanavalin A: a differential scanning calorimetric study. AB - The effect of degree of saturation of concanavalin A with Mn2+ or Ca2+, or both, on its thermal denaturation was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Acid-demetallized concanavalin A was partly or fully remetallized in acetate buffer (pH 5.0) containing 0.4 to 0.5 M NaCl. Under these conditions, native dimeric concanavalin A is highly stable, undergoing heat denaturation at 101 degrees C, with an enthalpy of denaturation of 7.4 cal/g. Removal of metal ions lowered stability considerably; concanavalin A with 0.06 Mn2+/monomer and 0.23 Ca2+/monomer (mol/mol) was denatured at 74 degrees C with an enthalpy of denaturation of 3.2 cal/g. Added Mn2+ stabilized demetallized concanavalin A, but added Ca2+ alone (up to 2 mol/mol monomer) did not. The Ca2+/ concanavalin A ratio influenced stabilization by Mn2+. In the presence of 1 to 2 Mn2+/ monomer and 0.5 or less Ca2+/monomer (mol/mol), stabilized concanavalin A was denatured at 85-88 degrees C and at 94-97 degress C, indicating presence of two stabilized metallo-concanavalin A species. At 1.0 or more mole each of Mn2+ and Ca2+ per monomer, one endotherm was observed at or above 98 degrees C and the enthalpy of denaturation was increased to 5.3 cal/g from less than 3.6 cal/g at lower metal ion/protein ratios. Stabilization was greater with Mn2+ plus Ca2+ than with Mn2+ alone, consistent with intrasubunit cooperativity in metal ion-induced stabilization of concanavalin A. PMID- 7276938 TI - Lipid composition of the brain in the vitamin B12-deficient fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with neurological impairment. PMID- 7276939 TI - Endogenous protein phosphorylation in rat brain mitochondria: occurrence of a novel ATP-dependent form of the autophosphorylated enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase. AB - When rat brain mitochondria are incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP, there is a rapid (10 s) phosphorylation of proteins designated E1 and F of M.W. 42,000 and 32,000, respectively. Although [gamma-32P]ATP was the preferred substrate for protein F, a small amount of labeling did occur with [gamma-32P]GTP. Phosphorylation of E1 was absolutely ATP-dependent. On the other hand, a 32,000 M.W. protein from rat liver mitoplasts (mitochondria devoid of an outer membrane) was highly phosphorylated when [gamma-32P]GTP was used but not at all phosphorylated within short time periods with [gamma-32P]ATP. Both the ATP-labeled brain phosphoprotein F and GTP-labeled liver protein migrated to identical positions on high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels, and both contained acid-labile phosphoryl groups. Furthermore, both phosphoproteins were identified as the autophosphorylated subunit of succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS, EC 6.2.1.4) by using antibody directed against purified GTP-dependent porcine SCS. However, immunotitration experiments with anti-porcine SCS revealed that ATP- and GTP labeled protein F in brain differed in their interactions with antibody, suggesting that in rat brain mitochondria two different forms of the enzyme exist that are immunologically distinct and differ in substrate specificity. When mitochondrial preparations enriched in particular brain cell or subcellular types were examined, an unequal distribution of E1 and the two forms of protein F were observed. A brain subfraction containing neuronal cell body and glial mitochondria (CM) was found to contain E1 and approximately equal amounts of the ATP- and GTP-dependent forms of protein F. Light synaptic mitochondria (SM1) contained ATP-dependent protein F almost exclusively and were depleted in E1. Dense synaptic mitochondria (SM2) are rich in the ATP form of SCS but also contain low amounts of the GTP enzyme. PMID- 7276940 TI - Evidence for two cholesterol ester hydrolases in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - In the present study, the properties, such as pH optima, detergent requirement, and effects of various lipids, of cholesterol ester hydrolase in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were examined, and the activity levels of the enzyme in CSF from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and non-MS individuals were compared. Our data indicate that the enzyme in CSF exhibits two pH optima: pH 6.0 in the presence of Triton X-100 and pH 7.0 in the presence of sodium taurocholate. Both phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) enhanced the hydrolase activity at pH 6.0. The activity at pH 7.0, on the other hand, was enhanced slightly in the presence of PE but was inhibited in the presence of PS. These data suggest the presence of two cholesterol ester hydrolases in CSF and also indicate that the activity at pH 6.0 may be due to microsomal enzyme in brain and that at pH 7.0 may be due to myelin enzyme. The hydrolase activity at pH 7.0 was significantly lower in CSF from MS patients. The activity at pH 6.0 in CSF from MS and non-MS patients, however, did not differ significantly. This indicates that the reduction in pH 7.0 hydrolase activity in CSF may be related to demyelination. PMID- 7276941 TI - Increased levels of neuron-specific enolase in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells as a result of nerve growth factor treatment. AB - Treatment of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells with nerve growth factor (NGF) resulted in increased levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Neither insulin, growth hormone, cytochrome c, nor sodium butyrate increased NSE levels. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) did increase NSE levels, although not to the same extent as NGF. As little as 1 ng/ml NGF induced the maximal increase in NSE. As PC12 cells increased in density, the NSE levels increased even in untreated cells. PMID- 7276942 TI - Stability properties of activated tryptophan hydroxylase from rat midbrain. AB - Time courses of the activation-inactivation sequence in rat midbrain tryptophan hydroxylase after preincubation with calcium, ATP + MgCl2, or sulfhydryl reagents and after freezing and thawing suggest that the activated enzyme is more vulnerable to loss of activity. The sequence induced by calcium was prevented by the protease inhibitor leupeptin, and an accelerated decline in activity after activation by ATP + MgCl2 was reduced greatly by increasing levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor. The effects of calcium and ATP + MgCl2 were additive, which suggests independent mechanisms. The findings suggest that time courses of enzyme activation and inactivation processes may offer a useful way to study the influence of a range of effectors on tryptophan hydroxylase function. PMID- 7276943 TI - Effect of guanine nucleotides on dopaminergic agonist and antagonist affinity for [3H]sulpiride binding sites in rat striatal membrane preparations. AB - [3H]Sulpiride bound to rat striatal membrane preparations with a saturable, high affinity component. This binding was displaced potently by dopamine antagonists (both classic neuroleptics and the benzamide, sulpiride) and less potently by dopamine agonists. GTP and its stable analogue Gpp(NH)p did not affect [3H]sulpiride binding to the membranes but altered the affinity for dopaminergic agonists. This effect was specific in that antagonist binding was not affected and only GTP, GDP, and Gpp(NH)p produced the effect. Similar alterations in ligand binding affinity caused by guanine nucleotides have been observed for binding sites linked to an adenylate cyclase. Such an interpretation for the case of [3H]sulpiride is contrary to suggestions that sulpiride labels only those dopamine receptors that are not cyclase linked. PMID- 7276944 TI - Characterization of chick gizzard extract that promotes neurite outgrowth in cultured ciliary neurons. AB - Chicken gizzard extract contains a macromolecule(s) that promotes the neurite outgrowth of dissociated neurons from the ciliary ganglia (CG) of chick embryos. The factor in gizzard extract was partially purified and estimated to be about 12S (M.W. 200,000-300,000) on sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The neurite outgrowth of CG neurons by the factor strictly depends on the embryonal age. The maximal neurite outgrowth was observed when CG neurons were dissociated from the embryos younger than 10 days. After that time the response of CG neurons to the factor rapidly declined and was almost lost at day 14. The amount of factor in the gizzard began to increase rapidly from 12-day-old embryo and reached the maximal level at day 16, and thereafter a fairly steady level was maintained. When CG neurons were cocultured with rat myotubes, the ratio of muscle cells with synaptic responses (miniature end-plate potentials) was significantly higher in the presence of gizzard factor than its absence. The results suggest that this factor acts as an external signal on CG neurons to form synaptic connections in vivo. PMID- 7276945 TI - Enhancement of depolarization-induced release of gamma-aminobutyric acid from brain slices by antibodies to ganglioside. AB - The effect of antibodies to GM1 ganglioside on release of neurotransmitters from rat brain slices was studied. Depolarization-induced (40 mM-KCl or veratrine) release of gamma-aminobutyric acid was markedly enhanced. Depolarization-induced release of norepinephrine was only slightly enhanced, whereas that of serotonin was unaffected. No effect on spontaneous release was observed for any of these three neurotransmitters. These results show that antibodies that can bind to synaptic membrane antigens may alter neurotransmitter release and that antibodies directed against GM1 ganglioside exhibit a measure of specificity in producing such an effect. PMID- 7276946 TI - Gonadal influences on the sexual differentiation of monoamine oxidase type A and B activities in the rat brain. AB - The sex-dependent differentiation of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the hypothalamus of 60-day-old, Charles River rats was found to involve only type A (MAO-A), and not type B (MAO-B) enzyme. In vivo inhibition of type A by clorgyline, and type B by (--)deprenyl, however, tended to decrease the specific activity of both types of MAO to a smaller extent in the female than in the male hypothalamus. When masculinization was prevented by neonatal administration of estradiol (E) to males, hypothalamic MAO-A and MAO-B activities increased in both control and MAO inhibited rats. Androgenization of females, however, had little effect on the MAO activity. Whereas the effects of neonatal estrogenization were attributable neither to a direct influence of E nor to a sexual difference in the peripheral clearance of the MAO-inhibitor used, single, high doses of steroids to adult, but not to newborn rats, did acutely affect the kinetics of MAO-A. The activity of MAO-A was also decreased by high concentrations of E or TS in vitro. The imprinting for patterns of hypothalamic MAO-A and MAO-B in the two sexes results, probably, from genetic predetermination. Neonatal changes in the homeostasis of gonadal hormones may result in type-MAO nonspecific effects in adulthood, whereas the short-term effects of high concentrations of steroids may be selective for the A form. PMID- 7276947 TI - Developmental changes in brain glucose, glycogen, phosphocreatine, and ATP levels in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice, and audiogenic seizures. PMID- 7276948 TI - Heterogeneity of rat brain acetylcholinesterase: a study by gel filtration and gradient centrifugation. AB - According to their solubilization properties, two classes of acetylcholinesterases (AChE) can be detected in the adult rat brain: a "soluble" species (easily solubilized without detergent), and a membrane-bound species (solubilized only in the presence of detergent). The latter was found to be homogeneous by gel filtration (Stokes radius 8.05 +/- 0.35 nm) and sucrose gradient centrifugation (9.75 +/- 0.2 S) in the presence of Triton X-100. The "soluble" AChE gives three stable species in the presence of the same detergent with Stokes radii and sedimentation constants of 10.9 +/- 0.5 nm and 16 +/- 2S; 6.75 +/- 0.30 nm, and 10.7 +/- 0.4 S; 5.37 +/- 0.35 nm and 4.37 +/- 0.1 S. Co chromatography and co-sedimentation or the reduction and alkylation of disulfide bridges show that all the soluble species are different from the membrane-bound AChE. The possibility that soluble and membrane-bound AChE are completely different molecules is discussed. PMID- 7276949 TI - Topographical distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid within the cat thalamus in relation to the basal ganglia, as determined by mass fragmentometry. AB - Chemical ionization mass spectrometry was introduced for the assay of GABA in the cat brain. The method is quite simple, sensitive, and specific for quantitative analysis. Study of the regional distribution of the GABA content within the thalamus disclosed that the ventromedial nucleus (VM) of the thalamus had a high concentration of GABA. The VM receives the afferent projection from the zona reticulata of the substantia nigra. The result, together with the results obtained by physiological as well as pharmacological studies, supports the hypothesis that the transmitter substance of the nigrothalamic pathway is GABA. PMID- 7276950 TI - Ability of human leukocytic pyrogen to stimulate brain prostaglandin synthesis in vitro. AB - Fever is thought to be mediated by leukocytic pyrogen (LP), a polypeptide synthesized by phagocytic leukocytes and which is responsible for the upwards resetting of the hypothalamic thermostat. In an attempt to study the effects of LP directly on brain tissue, purified human LP was incubated with rabbit brain slices in vitro. Because of the well-documented role of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in both the production of fever and antipyresis, PGE levels were measured on the supernates of brain slices incubated 30 min with LP. Levels of PGE increased 3- to 4-fold in rabbit anterior and posterior hypothalami. In addition, PGE levels were similarly increased in temporal cortex slices when exposed to LP. In another set of experiments, PGE levels increased 4- to 5-fold when brain tissue was incubated with a highly purified preparation of bacterial endotoxin (ET). The ability of ET to increase brain PGE levels was not affected by moderate heating (56 degrees C, 30 min), whereas this temperature destroyed the PGE-inducing properties of LP. The antipyretic ibuprofen markedly reduced the amount of PGE measured in the brain slice supernates after stimulation with LP, suggesting that LP brings about synthesis of PGE and not the release of preformed PG. The results demonstrate that LP is a potent inducer of PGE synthesis in rabbit brain and that receptors for LP are not restricted to the thermoregulatory center, but rather may be distributed throughout the brain. PMID- 7276951 TI - Inhibitors of a rat brain enkephalin aminopeptidase. AB - Eight protease inhibitors of microbiological origin were examined as potential inhibitors of a homogeneous rat brain enkephalin aminopeptidase. Bestatin [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl]-L-leucine and analogs of bestatin having basic, acid, and other neutral amino acids substituted for the Leu residue exhibited inhibition constants ranging from 3.3 X 10(-5) to 8.3 X 10(-8) M. The best inhibitor had a positively charged amino acid (Lys) substituted for Leu. A series of phenylalanyl dipeptides were examined as substrates with the aminopeptidase. The amino acid residue on the carboxyl side of the peptide bond undergoing cleavage was varied systematically in the dipeptides to include neutral, acidic, and basic residues. Again, a positively charged amino acid (Arg) adjacent to the bond undergoing scission was kinetically preferred. These results may be used to design highly specific inhibitors of the enkephalin aminopeptidase. PMID- 7276952 TI - The biosynthesis of polyamines in the brain of audiogenic seizure-susceptible and -resistant deermice. PMID- 7276953 TI - Cysteine and cystine transport at the blood-brain barrier. AB - The nature of cysteine and cystine uptake from the cerebral capillary lumen was studied in the rat using the carotid injection technique, [35S]-Cysteine uptake was readily inhibited by the synthetic amino acid 2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2 carboxylic acid (BCH), the defining substrate for the leucine-preferring (L) system in the Ehrlich ascites cell. The addition of nonradioactive alanine or serine, representatives of the alanine, serine, and cysteine-preferring (ASC) system, produced no significant decrease in the uptake of cysteine after cysteine transport by the L system was blocked with BCH. This indicated that the major component of cysteine's transport from the brain capillary lumen was by the L system with no detectable uptake of cysteine by the ASC system. No carrier mediated transport of cystine, the disulfide form of the amino acid, was detected, nor was there any inhibition by cystine of the transport of the neutral amino acid methionine or the basic amino acid arginine. These results suggest that the ASC system, if present, is not quantitatively important for the transport of neutral amino acids from the brain capillary lumen. PMID- 7276954 TI - Estimation of the p and m isomers of hydroxyphenylacetic acid in mouse brain by a gas chromatographic procedure: their regional distribution and the effects of some drugs. AB - The mouse brain contains 12.5 and 4.1 ng/g of p- and m-hydroxyphenylacetic acids, respectively. The hydroxyphenylacetic acids were isolated by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and quantitated as their pentafluoropropionyl and hexafluoropropanol esters by use of a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The highest concentrations of p- or m-hydroxyphenylacetic acids were observed in the caudate nuclei (27.9 and 8.7 ng/g, respectively) and olfactory tubercles (20.2 and 5.3 ng/g, respectively). The identities of the p- and m-hydroxyphenylacetic acids were further confirmed as a consequence of the reductions observed following monoamine oxidase inhibition or the increases observed in the appropriate acid following the parenteral administration of p- or m-tyramine. PMID- 7276956 TI - Neurite-promoting factor in conditioned medium from RN22 Schwannoma cultures: bioassay, fractionation, and properties. AB - On polyornithine (PORN) substrata dissociated 8-day chick embryo ciliary ganglionic neurons will survive if the culture medium is supplemented with Ciliary neuronotrophic Factor. However, neuritic growth will not occur unless the substratum is derivatized with a PORN-bindable Neurite Promoting Factor (PNPF). In this preliminary study we report that soluble PNPF can be (1) assayed by a convenient in vitro system; (2) obtained in relatively large amounts from serum free media conditioned over RN22 Schwannoma cultures; (3) concentrated by using Amicon XM100 ultrafiltration; and (4) separated from nearly all of the non-active protein by using ion-exchange chromatography. The partially purified PNPF can be concentrated using XM100 and is heat- and protease-sensitive. In the course of these fractionation studies we observed in some cases a concentration-dependent interference with the expression of PNPF activity in the bioassay; we propose graphical methods to permit the simultaneous determination of PNPF and the extent of such interference. Different treatments that affected the interference property did not always affect PNPF activity in a reciprocal manner, leaving open the possibility that the interference with PNPF activity results from reversible alteration of the PNPF molecule, or that there exists a separate interfering agent. PMID- 7276955 TI - Sulfur amino acid metabolism in the developing rhesus monkey brain: subcellular studies of taurine, cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamic acid decarboxylase. AB - Taurine, cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), glutamate, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) were measured in subcellular fractions prepared from occipital lobe of fetal and neonatal rhesus monkeys. In addition, the distribution of [35S]taurine in subcellular fractions was determined after administration to the fetus via the mother, to the neonate via administration to the mother prior to birth, and directly to the neonate at various times after birth. CSAD, glutamate, GABA, and GAD all were found to be low or unmeasurable in early fetal life and to increase during late fetal and early neonatal life to reach values found in the mother. Taurine was present in large amounts in early fetal life and decreased slowly during neonatal life, arriving at amounts found in the mother not until after 150 days of age. Significant amounts of taurine, CSAD, GABA, and GAD were associated with nerve ending components with some indication that the proportion of brain taurine found in these organelles increases during development. All subcellular pools of taurine were rapidly labeled by exogenously administered [35S]taurine. The subcellular distribution of all the components measured was compatible with the neurotransmitter or putative neurotransmitter functions of glutamate, GABA, and taurine. The large amount of these three amino acids exceeds that required for such function. The excess of glutamate and GABA may be used as a source of energy. The function of the excess of taurine is still not clear, although circumstantial evidence favors an important role in the development and maturation of the CNS. PMID- 7276957 TI - The rapid preparation of synaptosomes, using a vertical rotor. AB - A rapid method for the preparation of isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) is described. The material, prepared using a vertical rotor, is compared biochemically with material prepared by conventional techniques. The synaptosomes possess many characteristics expected of isolated nerve terminals, including noradrenaline release and transport against a concentration gradient. PMID- 7276958 TI - Circadian rhythm in pineal N-acetyltransferase activity: phase shifting by light pulses (I). AB - N-Acetyltransferase activity (NAT) in the pineal gland has a circadian rhythm which is responsive to environmental light-dark cycles. The rhythm entrains to (synchronizes with or is phased by) light-dark cycles. To assess the means by which phase resetting is accomplished, the phase response of the pineal NAT rhythm to light pulses was examined using chicks (Gallus domesticus). When 4-h light pulses were imposed on chicks at intervals over a 24-h period of darkness and the time of the next rise in NAT was determined in darkness, it was found that: (1) pulses early in the subjective dark time delayed the rise in NAT, (2) pulses late in the subjective dark time advanced the rise in NAT, and (3) pulses in the subjective light time were relatively ineffective. These results are typical of a circadian phase response curve and show that an enzyme with a circadian rhythm is similar to other circadian rhythms studied. PMID- 7276959 TI - Plasma exchange and immunosuppressive drug treatment in myasthenia gravis: no evidence for synergy. AB - We have investigated whether plasma exchange in myasthenia gravis synergises with additional immunosuppressive drug therapy (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide or cytosine arabinoside). Serum anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody titres were followed over 28 days after a course of PE in 20 patients, of whom 17 were taking 20-80 mg prednisone on alternate days. No significant difference was observed in mean anti-AChR antibody recovery following plasma exchange with and without additional immunosuppressive therapy. In paired studies where patients served as their own controls, mean anti-AChR recovery with and without azathioprine or cytosine arabinoside showed no significant differences. Anti-AChR recovery rates after large and small plasma exchange courses also did not differ significantly. Prolonged administration of azathioprine reduced antibody titres independently of plasma exchange. These results fail to demonstrate significant synergy between plasma exchange and the additional immunosuppressive drugs used, and suggest that the effects of plasma exchange were transient. PMID- 7276960 TI - Improved estimates of conduction velocity distributions using single unit action potentials. AB - Single unit potentials were recorded from sural and medial gastrocnemius nerves. Action potential amplitude, integrated area and half-width (duration) were approximately proportional to conduction velocity, raised to the powers 1.5, 1 and -0.5 respectively with the sural nerve, and 2, 1.5 and -0.5 for the medial gastrocnemius nerve. These empirical relationships were applied to the computation of whole nerve conduction velocity distributions based on the relative number of single unit potentials of various conduction latencies required to reconstruct a recorded compound action potential. Conduction velocity distributions, which were converted to fibre diameter distributions, were in close agreement with the corresponding distributions determined histologically. PMID- 7276963 TI - Early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes: a clinical and genetic study of a disorder distinct from Friedreich's ataxia. AB - Twenty patients are described with a distinctive clinical syndrome characterised by progressive cerebellar ataxia developing within the first two decades. This is associated with dysarthria, pyramidal signs in the limbs, normal or increased knee jerks and upper limb reflexes and in some instances sensory loss. Inheritance is probably autosomal recessive in the majority, if not all, of the cases. The preservation of tendon reflexes distinguishes this disorder from Friedreich's ataxia. Other important differences from Friedreich's ataxia are absence of optic atrophy, cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus and severe skeletal deformity. The prognosis was better in the present series than in cases of Friedreich's ataxia; patients remained ambulant, on average, for more than 10 years longer. PMID- 7276961 TI - The effects of axotomy on the conduction of action potentials in peripheral sensory and motor nerve fibres. AB - Medial gastrocnemius and sural nerves in one hindlimb of the cat were transected and prevented from regenerating. After periods ranging from 29-273 days, compound action potentials were recorded from axotomised and contralateral control nerves. The amplitude and integrated area of action potentials decreased and conduction velocity slowed following axotomy. The area under compound action potentials generated by stimulating sensory fibres declined significantly faster than that generated by stimulating motor fibres. Analysis of changes in whole nerve conduction velocity distributions showed that the velocities of fast conducting sensory fibres decreased at the most rapid rate. The conduction velocities of motor fibres and slow sensory fibres declined at significantly slower rates. The loss of electrical activity in the largest sensory nerve fibres following axotomy, may play a role in determining the faster rate at which their action potentials deteriorate. PMID- 7276962 TI - Dynamic properties of partially denervated muscle in children with brachial plexus birth palsy. AB - Contraction time, time to peak rate of tension development, half-relaxation time and maximum twitch tension of partially denervated flexor carpi ulnaris muscle were measured in children with brachial plexus birth palsy. The extent of weakness of the affected muscle was assessed by expressing its maximum twitch tension as a percentage of the tension of the contralateral normal muscle. Contraction time, time to peak rate and half-relaxation time were prolonged in children with severe weakness, while in children with moderate weakness only half relaxation time was prolonged. The contralateral normal flexor carpi ulnaris muscle showed age differences in its contractile properties, while in the affected muscle such differences were not found. This result suggests that denervation at birth impairs normal development of muscle contractile properties. PMID- 7276964 TI - Eye-head co-ordination in patients with Parkinsonism and cerebellar ataxia. AB - Eye-head co-ordination of patients with Parkinsonism and cerebellar ataxia was investigated and compared with that of normal subjects. In Parkinsonian patients eye-head co-ordination was of the same pattern as normals, with an accurate and stable gaze. Reaction times for both eyes and head, however, were prolonged. It was also noted that the contribution of head movements to gaze shift was abnormally large and that the gaze accuracy was decreased when the head was immobilised. In patients with cerebellar ataxia, gaze was dysmetric, often hypermetric, and was unstable during head movements. The contribution of head movements to gaze was also large. It is concluded that Parkinsonism and cerebellar diseases influence eye-head co-ordination differently. PMID- 7276965 TI - Linkage investigations in two families with hereditary ataxia. AB - In two families with autosomal dominant olivopontocerebellar atrophy (type IV), 15 affected and 44 unaffected members were typed for 28 genetic markers, including HLA. The lod scores for a possible HLA linkage, plotted against recombination fractions from 0.01 to 0.4, were negative. No evidence emerged for the presence of the ataxia-locus within measurable distance of the HLA-loci on chromosome 6. No indications were obtained that the ataxia-gene is linked with one of the other marker-genes. PMID- 7276966 TI - Does alcohol intoxication precipitate aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage? AB - Seventy-five consecutive patients aged 15 to 55 years with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage verified by CSF examination and cerebral angiography or at necropsy were studied. In 19 cases (25%; four women and 15 men) the bleeding was preceded within 24 hours by a bout of alcohol drinking. Alcohol-related cases composed 33% and 14% of the patients in the age groups 15-40 and 41-55 years, respectively. Alcohol intoxication preceding the subarachnoid haemorrhage was two to four times as common in male and three to five times as common in female patients as alcohol intoxication in the general Finnish population of the same age and sex. Occasional alcohol intoxication seems to carry an increased risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. PMID- 7276967 TI - The short-term outcome of severe blunt head injury as reported by relatives of the injured persons. AB - A close relative of 55 severely head injured adults (post-traumatic amnesia greater than or equal to 2 days) was interviewed 3, 6 and 12 months after injury to obtain information about psychosocial changes in the patient. The problems most frequently reported were emotional disturbances, poor memory, and subjective symptoms, with physical disability much less common. The amount of stress experienced by relatives did not diminish between 3 and 12 months, and was related to the incidence of mental and behavioural changes in the patient. The question of whether or not compensation was being claimed did not appear to influence the outcome. PMID- 7276968 TI - Tremor, the cogwheel phenomenon and clonus in Parkinson's disease. AB - Resting and postural tremor, intention and action tremor, clonus and the cogwheel phenomenon in Parkinson's disease have been characterised in terms of frequency content using spectral analysis. Typical resting tremor ranged in peak frequency from 4 to 5.3 HZ with tremor in each individual varying only by 0.2 to 0.3 HZ. The peak frequency of postural tremor ranged between 6 and 6.2 HZ. Intention tremor appeared to be an exaggeration of postural tremor. Clonus evoked by active or passive stretch at the wrist had a frequency of 6 HZ and appeared to be a continuation of postural tremor. The cogwheel phenomenon was found at frequencies between 6 and 6.5 HZ and between 7.5 to 9 HZ. Action tremor was indistinguishable from the cogwheel phenomenon. Some patients had either a symptomatic resting tremor with a concurrent 6 HZ component of smaller amplitude or a symptomatic postural tremor with a 4-5 HZ component of smaller amplitude. These combinations would produce two peaks in the power spectrum. When this occurred EMG studies showed that individual muscles had two types of rhythmical activation suggesting that the tremors have separate mechanisms. Likewise some patients had a symptomatic 6 HZ tremor on posture with a second peak at 8-10 HZ in the physiological band. Therefore, the 6 HZ postural tremor is not an exaggeration of physiological tremor. On the basis of wave form and frequency similarities postural tremor, the low frequency type of active or passive cogwheeling, intention tremor and clonus possibly involve a common spinal mechanism. Higher frequency cogwheel phenomenon and action tremor may be an exaggeration of physiological tremor. More than 80% of patients with Parkinson's disease manifest tremors at both 4-5 HZ and 6 HZ. This combination would appear to be the strongest objective criterion for the diagnosis of basal ganglia disease. PMID- 7276970 TI - Five-year follow-up study of patients with persistent vegetative state. AB - One hundred and ten patients with persistent vegetative state, were followed up for a period of five years from 1973 to 1978. Seventy-three per cent of the patients died during the period while about 10% of them recovered partially from the vegetative state. Among the recovered patients, only three became able to communicate, but two of these are not independent for their daily activites. Reactivity and clinical symptoms of 30 survivors were examined, but no great changes occurred during the last two years of the study. PMID- 7276969 TI - Selective language deterioration in chronic schizophrenia. AB - Chronic schizophrenics as a group were inferior to controls on tests of neuropsychological function. When divided into groups according to length of illness they differed from each other primarily in tests of language. No other deficits in cognitive function progressed; the performance of the patients on memory, visuo-spatial tasks, rate of information processing and abstract thinking did not decline according to length of illness. The results indicate that chronic schizophrenia is characterised by a selective deterioration of language, which correlates with the notion that schizophrenia may be associated with left hemisphere dysfunction. PMID- 7276972 TI - Modification of the recovery-cycle of human median nerve by ischemia. AB - Variations in excitability have been shown to follow single activation of sensory and motor axons in human peripheral nerve, with a sequence of refractoriness, supernormal and subnormal excitability ("recovery cycle"). Modifications of the recovery cycle of nerve excitability by ischemia have been investigated in the present study in sensory fibers of human median nerve. During ischemia, there is an initial fall in the nerve threshold to a brief electric pulse, followed by a progressive rise in threshold until the nerve becomes inexcitable. These ischemia induced threshold changes interact with the impulse-induced variations in nerve excitability during the recovery period, leading to a characteristic alteration of the recovery cycle with a progressive reduction of the magnitude and duration of the supernormal period. Conduction velocity becomes progressively reduced, probably because of a slowed conduction of the action potential in the fastest conducting fibres, due to ischemic depolarization of the resting membrane potential. In the postischemic phase the magnitude and duration of supernormality are increased, probably because of the hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential in this condition. Conduction velocity only returns to normal values after 12-25 min. PMID- 7276971 TI - Recurrence of hemifacial spasm after hypoglossal facial anastomosis. PMID- 7276973 TI - Erythrocyte membrane in myotonic dystrophy. A study with acetylcholinesterase. AB - Erythrocyte membrane in myotonic dystrophy (MyD) was studied with respect to acetylcholinesterase (AchE), an enzyme localized on the external surface of the membrane. The activity was determined over the temperature range of 7-41 degrees C (in hemolysates) and 25-41 degrees C (in ghosts). The activity, the transition temperature in the Arrhenius plots, and the activation energy either above or below the transition temperature did not differ between MyD and controls. The Hill coefficient for the inhibition by fluoride was approximately 1 in MyD and in controls at 13, 25 and 37 degrees C. The dose of fluoride for 50% inhibition of the enzyme activity differed between different temperatures but not between MyD and controls. There seems to be no gross abnormality in AchE or its environment in erythrocyte membrane in MyD. PMID- 7276974 TI - Analysis of conduction velocity in the H pathway. Part 1. Methodology and results in normal subjects. AB - An electrophysiological method is described for evaluating the conduction velocity in the different partial segments of the monosynaptic reflex pathway of the lower limbs in man. Using the latencies of M and H responses recorded from the soleus muscle elicited by stimulating the posterior tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa (pf) and the sciatic nerve at the upper thigh, the conduction velocities in the entire course (pf-to-spinal cord), in the proximal segment (upper thigh-to-spinal cord), and in the distal segment (pf-to-upper thigh) of the H circuit, were evaluated and expressed by mixed (sensory-motor) conduction indexes. The conduction distances were measured by using the Th11 spinal process as a reference point on the vertebral column. The conduction velocity of the 1a spindle afferent fibres and of the motor fibres was selectively determined in the pf-to-buttock segment. The results obtained in 50 healthy subjects are presented and the methodological problems related to the proposed technique are discussed. PMID- 7276976 TI - The effects of detraining on an elite power lifter. A case study. AB - Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle of an elite power lifter during training and following a 7-month detraining period. The effects of detraining were investigated by combining ultrastructure, histochemistry, and pertinent metabolic data. Muscle fibers were classified ultrastructurally as fast twitch and slow-twitch. Fast-twitch fibers were histochemically subdivided into a fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) and a fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) in order to compare oxidative capacities between biopsy 1 and biopsy 2. The high intensity level of strength training prior to biopsy 1 caused an apparent hypertrophy of all fiber types. Detraining and weight loss resulted in a reversal of the training effect toward "control" values and adjustments in the oxygen delivery system. Atrophy occurred in all of the fiber types and altered the fiber composition of the muscle. A shifting of fibers classified as FG to the more oxidative FOG fibers caused a significant increase in the percent distribution of oxidative fibers (slow-twitch + FOG). The hypothesis is presented that the mitochondrial content (both number and form) of the detrained fiber remains constant (for a strength trained muscle), but as the volume of the fiber decreases the mitochondrial volume percent increases. PMID- 7276975 TI - Analysis of conduction velocity in the H pathway. Part 2. An electrophysiological study in diabetic polyneuropathy. AB - The conduction velocity in the different partial segments of the monosynaptic pathway of the lower limbs has been assessed in 50 unselected diabetic patients in order to evaluate the distribution of conduction slowing in the entire course of peripheral nerves in the most common form of polyneuropathy. According to the method previously described (Troni 1981), the conduction velocity in the entire course (popliteal fossa-to-spinal cord), in the proximal segment (buttock-to spinal cord) and in the distal segment (pf-to-buttock) of the H pathway, has been determined and expressed by mixed (sensory-motor) conduction indexes. Moreover, the conduction velocity of the 1a afferent and of the motor fibres, has been selectively evaluated in the pf-to-buttock segment. The comparison between the impairment of each partial conduction parameters proves the existence of a clear cut proximo-distal gradient of conduction slowing in the H pathway in diabetic polyneuropathy. Marked slowing in the larger-diameter 1a afferent fibres can also be demonstrated in the pf-to-buttock segment. PMID- 7276977 TI - "Idiopathic" late onset cerebellar ataxia. A clinical and genetic study of 36 cases. AB - The clinical features of 36 patients with late onset cerebellar ataxia of unknown cause are described. Overall, the age of onset ranged from 30 to 74 years and there was a significant excess of males. The patients were divided into 3 groups on clinical grounds. The first was composed of 12 cases in whom truncal ataxia was more marked than limb ataxia and onset was relatively late (mean 54.75 years); these correspond to the Marie-Foix-Alajouanine type of cerebellar degeneration. The second group contained 6 individuals who had prominent tremor in the upper limbs, both resting and during action. The 18 individuals in the 3rd group were clinically similar to patients previously reported as sporadic examples of olivopontocerebellar atrophy. It was this latter category which contributed to excess of males. None of the patients had similarly affected relatives. Both the 3rd groups, and all 36 cases were compared wih 37 other patients with dominantly inherited late onset cerebellar ataxia in order to establish which clinical features might indicate the presence of new dominant mutations in the "sporadic" cases. Optic atrophy ophthalmoplegia and pigmentary retinal degeneration were more frequent in the familial cases. PMID- 7276978 TI - Permanent tetraplegia as a consequence of tetanus neonatorum. Evidence for widespread lower motor neuron damage. AB - It is generally believed that no permanent neurological damage is found among survivors of tetanus neonatorum. Newborns dying shortly after the onset of tetanus also lack significant neurological abnormalities. In adults a variety of neuromuscular lesions have been reported; however, a uniform pathological picture is absent. We report a case of a newborn with severe tetanus in whom striking evidence of anterior horn neuronal damage was documented, causing permanent nonprogressive tetraplegia. We suggest that the mechanism responsible for this lesion involves the retrograde axoplasmic flow of tetanus toxin reaching the spinal cord via nerve endings in the infected umbilical cord stump. PMID- 7276979 TI - Neuropathological and biochemical observations on the noradrenergic system in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Abnormalities of the noradrenergic system in Alzheimer's disease have been investigated by comparing quantitative histological and biochemical components of this transmitter system (locus coeruleus neuron counts and cortical dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) activity, respectively) in a series of demented and non demented cases. Cortical activities of the noradrenergic enzyme, DBH, did not correlate significantly with the number of locus coeruleus neurons, a finding which contrasts with the previous observations in animal brains of reductions in cortical DBH following locus coeruleus lesions. The extent of Alzheimer-type abnormalities, assessed from either morphological measures (mean plaque counts) or clinical measures (Mental Test Scores) of severity, was not significantly related to the cortical activity of DBH in the present series of cases, although non-significant trends were apparent. In contrast the activity of the cholinergic enzyme choline acetyltransferase did, as previously reported, correlate significantly with the extent of Alzheimer-type abnormalities, suggesting that abnormalities of the cholinergic system are more closely associated with specific aspects of the Alzheimer disease process than those of the noradrenergic system. PMID- 7276981 TI - Accumulation of very long chain fatty acids is common to 3 variants of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). "Classical" ALD, atypical ALD (female patient) and adrenomyeloneuropathy. AB - Fatty acids of cholesterol esters were analyzed by gas chromatography in affected CNS white matter of 3 variants of ALD ("classical" ALD, atypical ALD (adult female) and AMN) and of 10 controls with myelin breakdown of an etiology other than ALD. In all 3 ALD variants a marked accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLFA) as compared to control material was observed. This was due to the accumulation mainly of saturated C24-C32 fatty acids, particularly of C26:0, C25:0 and, to a lesser extent, C24:0 and C27:0 fatty acids. Our results demonstrate for the first time an accumulation of VLFA in an adult female patient (atypical ALD), who probably is an ALD heterozygote rather than a variant of AMN, and confirm and extend earlier findings in classical ALD and AMN, respectively. It appears that ALD may be a single nosological entity with clinically and morphologically different variants sharing specific ultrastructural (accumulation of paired leaflets) and neuro-biochemical (accumulation of VLFA) diagnostic markers. PMID- 7276980 TI - Bilateral infarction of the anterior cingulate gyri and of the fornices. Report of a case. AB - A 70-year-old woman had complex behavioural changes of sudden onset. The symptoms consisted of indifference, docility and inappropriate urination, but predominantly in a lack of attention. She was unable to maintain the attention necessary to perform a goal-directed activity and she was distracted by any stimulus, such as a sound, an object, or a word, which might induce behaviour irrelevant to the preconceived activity. She also exhibited confabulatory amnestic syndrome. Neuropathological examination of the brain revealed infarcts in th territories of both anterior cerebral arteries. The rostral part of the anterior cingulate gyrus (Acg), small areas of the adjacent medial prefrontal cortex, and the underlying white matter were destroyed bilaterally. Infarction involved the deep territory of the left anterior cerebral artery, with a bilateral lesion of the fornices. This cingulate damage was more restricted than the Acg lesions reported in some cases of akinetic-mutism, which extended more caudally, but was presumably larger than the lesions created in psychosurgery. The impairment of attention was analyzed according to the possible roles of the cingulate and of the fornix lesions as causing a dysfunction between the frontal lobes and the hippocampal formations. PMID- 7276984 TI - Childhood mitochondrial myopathy with ophthalmoplegia. AB - A 14-year-old boy with mitochondrial myopathy is described, and the findings on muscle biopsy shown. He presented with mild weakness, and severe exercise intolerance; examination showed ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia and severe muscle wasting. There was a possible family history of a similar disorder. Metabolic study demonstrated severe lactic acidosis on exercise. Oxygen consumption was measured and found abnormally high at rest and on exercise. Biochemical study of extracted muscle mitochondria showed decreased respiratory rates with NAD-linked substrates. These and other results suggest the site of the defect to be in the electron transport chain. The possible significance of abnormally high oxygen consumption in the presence of such a defect is discussed. PMID- 7276983 TI - Local synthesis of CSF immunoglobulins. A neuroimmunological classification. AB - The relationship between serum and CSF IgG has been analysed: (1) In patients with a normal CSF concentration of albumin, no correlation can be demonstrated between serum IgG and CSF IgG. (2) In cases where the CSF albumin concentration is elevated (i.e. transudation), local synthesis of IgG can be determined by reference of the degree of transudation of albumin and the serum IgG concentration. The combination of local IgG synthesis and transudation (meningitic pattern) is common. Most pure transudates are of "non-inflammatory" type. A very simple formula is proposed which evaluates the relationship between local and general immunity in all neurological diseases. PMID- 7276982 TI - Classification of extrapyramidal disorders. Proposal for an international classification and glossary of terms. PMID- 7276985 TI - Autonomic nerve calcification and peripheral neuropathy in olivopontocerebellar atrophy. AB - This report concerns an unusual form of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) of adult onset, inherited as an autosomal dominant. We examined 5 patients in one generation and performed neuropathological investigations in 3 of these. The clinical and pathological features were different from those of OPCA types I to V. Apart from olivopontocerebellar degeneration, there was dementia in 4, massive atrophy of the spinal cord in 3, and focal degeneration of the optic nerves in at least 1 case. The most remarkable findings were, however, the involvement of the peripheral nervous system and the abundant intrafascicular calcification in sympathetic nerve fibers and in their ganglia. PMID- 7276986 TI - Serum myoglobin in muscular dystrophy and carrier detection. AB - Serum myoglobin was measured by radioimmunoassay in 143 patients with various muscle diseases including 55 boys with Duchenne dystrophy, 56 carriers of the Duchenne dystrophy gene, 8 carriers of the Becker dystrophy gene, 60 first-degree relatives of patients with sporadic (non-genetically transmitted) muscle diseases and 85 normal controls. A significant difference (P less than 0.001) was found between the serum myoglobin levels in normal control men (x = 31.7 range 10-70 microgram/l) and those in women (x = 17.2 range 4-27 microgram/l) but no difference was found between the controls and relatives of patients with muscle disease. Up to the age of 60 years, no correlation was found between age and serum myoglobin levels in controls. However, levels in boys with Duchenne dystrophy were found to increase slightly up to the age of 10 years and to decrease thereafter. No correlation was found between serum myoglobin and creatine kinase activity in these boys but in Duchenne carriers correlation was close (P less than 0.001). Eighteen of 23 definite and 13 of 33 possible carriers of Duchenne dystrophy had myoglobin concentrations above the equivalent normal range. Of those carriers with elevated myoglobin levels, 7 definite and 4 possible carriers had normal serum creatine kinase activity. This was equivalent to an improvement in "detection" of 31% and 12% in these groups of carriers. Of the 8 Becker dystrophy carriers, 6 had elevated myoglobin but all had normal creatine kinase levels. It appears that measurement of serum myoglobin as well as creatine kinase activity may be of great benefit to carrier detection programmers, but the need to establish accurately the extent of normal variation in women is emphasized. PMID- 7276987 TI - Distribution of arsenic, manganese, and selenium in the human brain in chronic renal insufficiency, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - The concentrations of arsenic, manganese and selenium/g wet tissue weight were determined in samples from 24 areas of the human brain from 3 patients with chronic renal insufficiency, 2 with Parkinson's disease and 1 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The concentrations of the 3 elements were determined for each sample by neutron activation analysis with radiochemical separation. Overall arsenic concentrations were about 2.5 times higher in patients with chronic renal failure than in controls, and lower than normal in the patients with Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. There were no obvious differences in the overall concentrations of manganese and selenium from one group to another. Even multivariate data analysis by the SIMCA method failed to reveal any significant difference in the distribution pattern of manganese and selenium in Parkinson's disease compared to normal controls. PMID- 7276989 TI - The declining autopsy rate and its significance for neuropathology: two viewpoints. PMID- 7276990 TI - The declining autopsy rate and its significance for neuropathology. PMID- 7276988 TI - A radioimmunoassay search for measles and distemper antigens in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis brain tissues. AB - Solid-phase direct sandwich radioimmunoassays have been developed which will detect measles antigen in as little as 20 microgram of SSPE brain, measles antigen in 5 x 10(4) pfu/ml of measles virus, and canine distemper antigen in 5 x 10(5) pfu/ml of this virus. Using these assays, a search was carried out for measles and distemper antigens in CNS autopsy tissue from 3 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Even in 1000-fol higher concentrations of MS brain (20 mg), antigens of neither virus were detected. Additional studies were carried out using similar radioimmunoassays but employing IgG from 2 MS patients as probe against MS brain specimens, including IgG and acute plaque material from the same individual. However, no reaction between MS IgG and MS brain was detected. Thus no evidence was found for foreign antigen in the MS brain nor for autoantibody which reacted with brain tissue antigens. It is concluded that either measles or distemper are not present in acute MS lesions, or that they are present in such small amounts that their detection will require techniques even more sensitive than those used in the present study. PMID- 7276991 TI - Xenograft of human malignant glial tumors into brains of nude mice. A histopatholgical study. AB - Sixteen of 21 human malignant glial tumors were successfully heterotransplanted into the brains of nude mice, and one other was transplanted into the brain after prior subcutaneous heterotransplantation. Most xenografts grew preferentially as diffusely infiltrating tumors within hemispheric white matter, generally sparing cortex and deep gray matter. The heterogeneity of most in vivo human tumors gave way to a tumor of generally uniform cell type while growing in nude mice. From six human tumors, all glioblastomas, there emerged histologic patterns or cell forms that were not evident in the original tumor. Tumors from 15 patients were treated with standard chemotherapeutic agents while growing in nude mouse brains. The most common morphologic change induced in tumors by several agents was a distinctive giant cell change characterized by large bizarre nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. It is concluded that the human brain-tumor-nude-mouse xenograft model offers morphological parallels with the clinical situation, but selects for growth only some of the many subpopulations of the human tumor. Such selection imposes restriction on the clinical inferences that may be drawn from this model. PMID- 7276993 TI - Aberrant peripheral nerves and neuromas in normal and injured spinal cords. AB - Spinal cords from 20 patients (13-78 years of age) were studied for the occurrence of peripheral nerve fibers within the cord. Peripheral nerve fibers were observed in all but two younger patients, 13 and 24 years old, respectively, but all the spinal cords were otherwise normal. The nerve fibers were thin and predominantly myelinated. They were seen in two forms, small parallel bundles resembling normal nerve fascicles and larger interlacing bundles or whorled masses indistinguishable from traumatic neuromas. They almost always occurred in the perivascular spaces of the major parenchymal branches of the anterior sulcal artery and/or in the anterior median sulcus. The neuromas in the otherwise normal cords were identical with those occurring in the cord with old traumatic injury in three patients studied, but they were few in the former, while numerous and widespread in the injured segments of the latter. Accumulating evidence suggests 1. that most, if not all, of the parallel nerve bundles about the anterior sulcal artery in otherwise normal spinal cords represent aberrant, regenerated nerve fibers originating from ventral spinal nerve roots which are severed by clinically occult injuries in adult life, and 2. that the regenerated nerve fibers continue to grow into the anterior median sulcus and perivascular spaces and may become entangled or return upon themselves, forming neuromas as their way is blocked by the pia-glial barrier. PMID- 7276992 TI - Immunity to transplantable nitrosourea-induced neurogenic tumors. I. Potentiation of tumor immunity with Corynebacterium parvum. AB - Various injection schedules of C. parvum and tumor cells of the nitrosourea induced malignant neurinoma, TR-481, were used to induce tumor immunity in syngeneic CDF rats. Although subcutaneous injection of the poorly immunogenic TR 481 cells alone or with C. parvum caused retardation of growth of 2 x 10(5) TR 481 cells injected 1-3 weeks later, no significant difference in tumor size or incidence was obtained, as judged by tumor growth at 8 weeks. In contrast, injection of TR-481 with C. parvum into C. parvum-presensitized rats caused a more significant degree of tumor immunity with complete inhibition of the challenge tumor growth in 17-33% of the animals. Repeated subcutaneous injection of gamma-irradiated TR-481 tumor cells mixed with C. parvum also proved effective, resulting in absence of tumor growth in 40% of the rats. Tumor immunity was specific, since growth of an unrelated tumor was unaffected. It is suggested that local immunological reactivity to C. parvum in the immunizing tumor promotes development of specific tumor immunity. PMID- 7276994 TI - Hemorrhage of thiamine-deficient encephalopathy. AB - Hemorrhagic lesions of pyrithiamine-induced acute thiamine-deficient encephalopathy of the mouse (PIATDEM) consisted of petechiae, which often coalesced to form small hematomas. Electron microscopy showed the typical petechial lesion to be composed of a perivascular necrotic zone containing fibrin platelet clot surrounded by a ring of erythrocytes. Endothelial cells were intact and tight junctions were closed. A study of permeability to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) revealed only a slight increase in the number of transport vesicles in the endothelial cells. A large amount of HRP present in the lesions seemed to have entered the brain by a hemorrhagic route which remains unclarified. Spherical latex particles, 0.23 micrometer in diameter, were injected intravenously into encephalopathic mice at a time when intracerebral hemorrhages frequently occurred. Two to 24 hours after the injection, a large number of latex particles penetrated the blood vessels at sites of hemorrhage. There were many particles in the phagosomes of the endothelial cells, which suggested transendothelial transport by the organelle. The possibility of endothelial phagocytic transport of erythrocytes as a main route of diapedesis is discussed. PMID- 7276995 TI - Vascular malformations of the cord cavity. Diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation by angiography. Review of 25 cases. PMID- 7276997 TI - Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on long-tract neuronal conduction in the acute phase of spinal cord injury. AB - To study the acute effects of hyperbaric oxygen ventilation (HBO) on long-tract function following spinal cord trauma, the authors employed a technique for monitoring spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEP) as an objective measure of translesion neuronal conduction in cats subjected to transdural impact injuries of the spinal cord. Control animals subjected to injuries of a magnitude of 400 or 500 gm-cm occasionally demonstrated spontaneous return of translesion SCEP within 2 hours of injury when maintained by pentobarbital anesthesia and by ventilation with ambient room air at 1 atmosphere absolute pressure (1 ATA). Animals sustaining corresponding injuries but receiving immediate treatment with HBO at 2 ATA for a period of 3 hours following impact demonstrated variable responses to this treatment modality. Animals sustaining injuries of 400 gm-cm magnitude showed recovery of translesion SCEP in four of five cases, while animals sustaining injuries of 500 gm-cm magnitude responded to HBO treatment by recovery of SCEP no more frequently than did control animals. When the onset of HBO therapy was delayed by 2 hours following impact, there appeared to be no demonstrable protective effect on long-tract neuronal conduction mediated by HBO alone. The observations suggest that HBO treatments can mediate preservation of marginally injured neuronal elements of the spinal cord long tracts during the early phases of traumatic spinal cord injury. These protective effects may be based upon the reversal of focal tissue hypoxia, or by reduction of tissue edema. HBO treatment markedly diminished the protective effects of HBO on long-tract neuronal conduction following traumatic spinal cord injury. PMID- 7276996 TI - Intraspinal extramedullary arteriovenous fistulae draining into the medullary veins. PMID- 7276998 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzymes in acute brain injury. AB - Brain-type creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme (CK-BB) was detected in the serum in 13 out of 26 patients with acute brain injury (50%). The peak of CK-BB activity ranged from 5 to 188 U/liter, constituting, on average, 10.5% of the total CK activity. The highest activities were seen in patients with gunshot wounds. High CK-BB activity was associated with poor prognosis, but minimal CK-BB elevations did not have prognostic significance. Heart-type creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK MB) was detected in the serum in 17 out of 26 patients (65%). The peak activity ranged from 5 to 115 U/liter, constituting, on average, 6.6% of total CK activity. Electrocardiogram taken from 20 patients revealed transient T-wave inversions in the precordial leads in four patients; three of them also showed serum CK-MB activity. Subendocardial hemorrhage was detected at autopsy in three of the five CK-MB-positive patients, but in none of the four CK-MB-negative cases. Present findings suggest that acute brain injury may be secondarily cause myocardial damage. PMID- 7276999 TI - Reversible brain-stem dysfunction following acute traumatic subdural hematoma: a clinical and electrophysiological study. AB - Of 366 consecutive patients with severe head injury, treated and managed by a uniform protocol, 61 (17%) were admitted with signs of severe brain-stem dysfunction. Forty-three of the 61 patients (70%) had surgical mass lesions and 30% had diffuse brain damage. Twelve of the 61 patients (20%) survived, but only six patients made a good to moderately disabled recovery. All six of these patients had a traumatic acute subdural hematoma (SDH). The records of the 20 comatose patients with an acute SDH and severe brain-stem dysfunction were reviewed to discover which factors contributed to functional recovery. The average survivor was operated on within 2 1/2 hours after injury and the nonsurvivors within 4 1/2 hours. Prompt surgical intervention and prudent control of postoperative intracranial pressure were major factors in preventing permanent brain-stem damage, with a significance of p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.02, respectively. Measurement of multimodality evoked potentials in the early postoperative period correctly distinguished between reversible and irreversible brain-stem dysfunction in six of the seven patients. PMID- 7277000 TI - Risk of bleeding from unruptured aneurysm in cases with multiple intracranial aneurysms. AB - The author presents a follow-up review of 61 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and at least two intracranial artery aneurysms in whom only the ruptured aneurysm had been clipped. During a 10-year follow-up period, seven patients bled from a previously unruptured aneurysm; four of the hemorrhages were fatal. Three additional patients suffered fatal bleeding more than 10 years after the first SAH. The surgical mortality rate when operating on a ruptured aneurysm at this clinic was 4.2% in 1979. Considering that the mortality rate after rebleeding during an average follow-up period of 16 years was 11.5%, operation for unruptured aneurysms seems to have a slight edge over conservative treatment. PMID- 7277001 TI - Effect of common carotid ligation on giant aneurysms of the internal carotid artery: computerized tomography study. PMID- 7277002 TI - Recurrent retinal ischemia beyond cervical carotid occlusions: clinical angiographic correlations and therapeutic implications. AB - Seventeen patients with persistent amaurosis fugax ipsilateral to angiographically documented internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusions in the neck have been treated by the authors over the past 5 years. Complete cerebral arteriography in each case demonstrated that the symptomatic ophthalmic artery was perfused exclusively by the ipsilateral external carotid artery (ECA), which invariably had an obstructive and/or ulcerative lesion and its origin, and/or an adjacent residual "stump" of the occluded ICA. In nine patients, retinal artery branch emboli were visible on funduscopy. One patient had angiographic evidence of intracranial embolization via the ophthalmic artery from the ECA. Although ipsilateral superficial temporal-muscle cerebral artery anastomosis in one patient, and endarterectomy of a contralateral carotid stenosis in another patient, failed to relieve symptoms, endarterectomy of the ECA with resection of the "stump" of the occluded ICA effectively terminated symptoms in 10 of 11 patients. Anticoagulant drug therapy promptly abolished symptoms in four nonsurgical patients as well as in two patients with failed operations. It is concluded that recurrent retinal ischemia beyond cervical carotid occlusions frequently results from microembolism via the ipsilateral ECA. Patients with this mechanism of postocclusion recurrent ischemia can be identified on the basis of clinical history, ophthalmological examinations, and complete cerebral arteriography. Termination of embolic phenomena should be the major treatment goal in these individuals, and ECA endarterectomy is recommended. Anticoagulant drugs are an effective alternative treatment in patients who are poor surgical risks. PMID- 7277003 TI - Effect of subarachnoid hemorrhage on contractile responses and noradrenaline release evoked in cat cerebral arteries by histamine. AB - This study analyzes the changes induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on the contractile responses and the noradrenaline release evoked in cat cerebral arteries by histamine. The dose-dependent vasoconstriction induced by histamine on the cerebral arteries of normal cats was significantly reduced by diphenhydramine and phentolamine. When SAH was produced 3 and 7 days before the experiment, the histamine-induced vasoconstriction also decreased. Thereafter, a tendency to normalization in the contractile vascular responses was observed such that in 15 days after the hemorrhage it was not significantly different from that found in controls animals. The decrease in the contractile responses to histamine provoked by SAH was similar to that seen after pretreatment with intracisternal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine. The amount of radioactivity released by histamine following preincubation with 3H-noradrenaline from the cerebral arteries of cats exposed to SAH 3, 7, and 15 days before the experiment was significantly reduced when compared with controls. Moreover, the basal level of tritium release and the radioactivity retained at the end of the experiment were also decreased after SAH. These decreases were less marked 15 days after SAH. Intracisternal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine 3, 7, and 15 days prior to the assay, and the removal of both superior cervical ganglia 15 days before the experiment, also markedly reduced these three parameters. These results indicate that histamine releases noradrenaline from cat cerebral arteries, and SAH produces a transient denervation of the perivascular adrenergic nerve endings. The inhibition of the histamine-induced vasoconstriction observed after SAH might be explained by the impairment of the indirect adrenergic mechanism involved in the overall contractile response elicited by this amine in cerebral arteries. According to the present findings, histamine does not seem to play a significant role in the production of the cerebral vasospasm occurring after SAH. PMID- 7277004 TI - Microsurgical anatomy of the supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery. AB - The microsurgical anatomy of the supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was studied in 50 adult cadaver cerebral hemispheres using X 3 to X 40 magnification. The ICA was divided into four parts: the C1 or cervical portion; the C2 or petrous portion; the C3 or cavernous portion; and the C4 or supraclinoid portion. The C4 portion was divided into three segments based on the origin of its major branches: the ophthalmic segment extended from the origin of the ophthalmic artery to the origin of the posterior communicating artery (PCoA); the communicating segment extended from the origin of the PCoA to the origin of the anterior choroidal artery (AChA); and the choroidal segment extended from the origin of the AChA to the bifurcation of the carotid artery. Each segment gave off a series of perforating branches with a relatively constant site of termination. The perforating branches arising from the ophthalmic segment passed to the optic nerve and chiasm, infundibulum, and the floor of the third ventricle. The perforating branches arising from the communicating segment passed to the optic tract and the floor of the third ventricle. The perforating branches arises from the choroidal segment passed upward and entered the brain through the anterior perforated substance. The anatomy of the ophthalmic, posterior communicating, anterior choroidal, and superior hypophyseal branches of the C4 portion was also examined. PMID- 7277005 TI - Selective percutaneous thermocoagulation rhizotomy in essential glossopharyngeal neuralgia. AB - Percutaneous radiofrequency (rf) thermocoagulation of the inferior petrous ganglion of Andersch at the jugular foramen has been used to treat three patients with essential glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Two of these patients needed a second rf thermocoagulation, one within 1 week due to an incomplete result, and the other 8 months after the first procedure for recurrence of some neuralgic pain. Thus, a total of five rf thermocoagulations of the ganglion of Andersch have been performed. The patients are now pain-free and without significant side-effects. Deglutition and phonation have remained intact after each rf thermocoagulation. Glossopharyngeal selectivity was obtained by avoiding the risk of injury to the other nerves at the jugular foramen. The surgical technique involves precise x ray control and constant monitoring of the blood pressure and electrocardiogram findings. Electrode misplacement of any spreading of current to the vagus nerve will be readily detected by bradycardia and hypotension during the physiological testing before a definite rf lesion takes place. This operative technique is described. PMID- 7277006 TI - Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots. Management of herniated discs and lateral recess stenosis in patients with this anomaly. AB - Anomalous L-5 and S-1 nerve roots occur infrequently. If not properly recognized, surgery for entrapment disorders may result in serious neural injury because of an improper surgical approach in exposure and in removing the underlying herniated discs. The diagnosis has been made preoperatively since the introduction of water-soluble myelography because of improved filling of the nerve roots. A herniated disc beneath the bifid root causes extreme pain and disability with marked signs of entrapment because of firm fixation of the conjoined root in the lateral recess between the two pedicles. An underlying herniated disc may not be recognized because of the unique anatomical changes. To properly identify the nature of the lesion, wide exposure by hemilaminectomy is preferred, with unroofing of the lateral recesses and wide foraminal decompression. Eight such patients are reported: seven had herniated discs, and one had lateral recess stenosis with superior facet entrapment. With adequate decompression, all patients made a rapid, uneventful recovery. PMID- 7277007 TI - Chiari I "malformations"--an acquired disorder? AB - Caudal herniation of the hindbrain, indistinguishable from the Chiari I deformity, may occur after the establishment of spinal subarachnoid shunts and become symptomatic years after the procedure. Examples are presented and others are cited from the literature. It is proposed that the force responsible for the displacement is the difference in pressure between the cranial and spinal compartments. On the basis of these observations and other considerations as well, a similar process, disproportionate absorption of cerebrospinal fluid from the spinal region, might account for the spontaneous form of the Chiari I deformity. PMID- 7277008 TI - Cerebellar metastasis from a prolactinoma during treatment with bromocriptine. PMID- 7277009 TI - Primary demyelinating disease simulating glioma of the corpus callosum: report of three cases. AB - Computerized tomography (CT) has made it easier to distinguish tumoral from nontumoral diseases of the central nervous system. In the presence of mass effect, however, this distinction may be difficult or impossible to make. Primary demyelinating disease may occasionally present as a focal cerebral mass. The authors report three cases of primary demyelinating disease of the brain involving the corpus callosum and periventricular white matter and associated with mass effect, which proved difficult to differentiate from infiltrating "butterfly" gliomas. PMID- 7277010 TI - Huge intraoral aneurysm presenting with dysphagia and dyspnea successfully treated with STA-MCA anastomosis and ICA ligation: case report. PMID- 7277011 TI - Rupture of an aneurysm into a parasellar epidermoid cyst: case report. PMID- 7277012 TI - Vancomycin and rifampin therapy for Staphylococcus epidermidis meningitis associated with CSF shunts: report of three cases. AB - Three patients with Staphylococcus epidermis meningitis associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt devices were treated with a combination of intravenous vancomycin and oral rifampin. Two of the isolates were methicillin resistant. All patients had a favorable clinical response. Time-kill curves showed that the addition of rifampin to vancomycin resulted in enhanced bactericidal activity against all isolates when compared to either antibiotic alone. This finding suggests that the combination of oral rifampin and intravenous vancomycin may be useful in the treatment of methicillin-resistant and recalcitrant methicillin-sensitive S. epidermis meningitis associated with CSF shunts. In vitro susceptibility testing should be performed. PMID- 7277015 TI - Intracerebral cyst due to ectopic choroid plexus: case report. AB - A case of supratentorial intracerebral cyst, containing ectopic plexus, is discussed. The cyst had no communication with the ventricular system or subarachnoid space. The cyst wall was lined in part by flattened or cuboidal epithelium and in part by glia. Fronds of choroid plexus protruded into the cavity of the cyst in one part. The preoperative and postoperative computerized tomography scans are presented and the operative findings are discussed. The management of such cases is reviewed. PMID- 7277014 TI - Subependymoma presenting as subarachnoid hemorrhage: case report. PMID- 7277013 TI - Dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans of the scalp treated by radical excision, immediate cranioplasty, and free groin flap: case report. AB - The authors describe a case of dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans of the frontal region in a young girl. The condition was treated by radical excision of the scalp, frontal bone, and sinuses, and immediate reconstruction with an acrylic cranioplasty and microsurgical transfer of a free groin flap. Pathological examination revealed the margins of the excised specimen were clear of tumor. The initial flap failed, but a second graft was immediately transferred successfully, with a good cosmetic result. PMID- 7277017 TI - Society of Neurological Surgeons survey of resident applicant pool, 1979-1980. PMID- 7277016 TI - Unusual CT-dense posterior fossa epidermoid cyst: case report. PMID- 7277018 TI - Hydrocephalus in achondroplasia. PMID- 7277019 TI - Spinal cord blood flow. PMID- 7277022 TI - Scintigraphic detection of intrapulmonary bleeding using technetium-99m sulfur colloid: concise communication. AB - Radionuclide imaging has been successfully used clinically to determine sites of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, but its use in hemoptysis has not been studied. A dog model of intrapulmonary hemorrhage was devised. Utilizing technetium sulfur colloid, at doses of 4 and 15 mCi, bleeding rates of 0.1--0.2 cc/min were detected. In some dogs, however, significantly higher bleeding into a large bronchus, which causes a diffuse distribution of the radionuclide. PMID- 7277020 TI - Behavior of serum myoglobin during cardiac catheterization: concise communication. AB - We have studied 28 patients undergoing coronary angiography by the Judkins technique to determine whether serum myoglobin (MG) might be useful as an indicator of myocardial injury during routine cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography. MG was measured immediately before and after the procedure, and 4 hr later. The study population failed to show a rise of MG outside the normal range in spite of angina, hypotension, or severe coronary disease. Four patients premedicated with intramuscular pentobarbital (positive control) showed a consistent rise, with a range 1.5--3 times normal (p less than 0.001). We conclude that injury to myocardial or peripheral tissues occurring during coronary angiography does not raise myoglobin in venous blood above normal levels in the absence of myocardial infarction or preoperative intramuscular injection. Myoglobin, therefore, provides a useful test for the exclusion of myocardial infarction following coronary angiography. PMID- 7277021 TI - Simultaneous markers for fluid and solid gastric emptying: new variations on an old theme: concise communication. AB - Radiotracer techniques for the assessment of gastric emptying have become popular in the past 6 yr. A new double-nuclide technique, for the simultaneous tagging of the solid and fluid phases, is described. Technetium-99m sulfur colloid (Tc-99m SC) is used in a manner similar to that described by Meyer and colleagues, but the new technique does not involve the use of live chickens, a significant advantage over the earlier procedures. Several fluid-phase radionuclides were tested to be used in conjunction with the Tc-99m SC. Indium-111 DTPA was found to be the only compatible fluid-phase agent. This new double-tracer technique promises to be safe, economical, simple, and physiologically sound. PMID- 7277023 TI - A synthesis of 2-deoxy-D-[1-11C]glucose for regional metabolic studies: concise communication. PMID- 7277024 TI - Tricuspid regurgitation by radionuclide angiography and contrast right ventriculography: a preliminary observation. AB - In a retrospective study correlating the degree of tricuspid regurgitation seen on first-pass radionuclide angiography with that seen on contrast right ventriculography in 51 patients, ten had no tricuspid regurgitation by contrast ventriculography, whereas by radionuclide angiography nine had no regurgitation and one had minimal regurgitation. Of eight patients with minimal tricuspid regurgitation by contrast ventriculography, five had minimal regurgitation by nuclide angiography and three had no regurgitation. Of the 11 patients with mild to moderate tricuspid regurgitation by contrast studies, ten had mild to moderate regurgitation and one had severe regurgitation by nuclide angiography. Of 22 patients with moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation by contrast studies, 15 had moderate to severe regurgitation and seven had mild to moderate regurgitation by nuclear angiography. In this preliminary study comparing radionuclide angiography with contrast right ventriculography, there were three false-negative and one false-positive nuclide angiograms, giving a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 90%. PMID- 7277025 TI - Labeling of preformed liposomes with Ga-67 and Tc-99m by chelation. AB - We have synthesized a long-chain hydrocarbon covalently coupled to diethylene triaminepenta-acetic acid (stearylamine-DTPA) and have incorporated this compound in liposomes during their preparation. The lipophilic hydrocarbon chain anchors the molecule in the lipid bilayer, exposing the DTPA groups on the surface for chelation. Ethanolic solutions of the lipids are evaporated to dryness under nitrogen in multidose vials; the lipids are suspended in the vial by adding a small volume of distilled water followed by sonication. The liposomes are then labeled by transcomplexation in the case of Ga-67 and by conventional stannous reduction in the case of Tc-99m, by adding the activities directly to the vial. These liposomes bind 95 +/- 5% of Ga-67 and Tc-99m activity, as determined by paper chromatograph assay, eliminating the need for a purification step. The labeled liposomes release about 5% of their Ga-67 activity, and about 30% of their Tc-99m activity after 2 hr of incubation in 50% human plasma at 37 degrees C. Activity released from liposomes labeled with Ga-67 or Tc-99m oxine is much greater under the same conditions. In normal mice the labeled liposomes show biodistributions that are comparable with that obtained with liposomes labeled by conventional techniques. PMID- 7277027 TI - On stability of scintillation detectors. AB - This paper describes how a photomultiplier tube in a scintillation detector changes pulse height with time, when the detector is exposed to a gamma-emitting source and high dynode voltage. The change in pulse height causes a "drift" of the spectral peaks out of the preadjusted energy window, and errors in counting rate of about 20% are detected. The drift is dependent on the photon flux, the level of the high voltage, and the energy of the source. The effect was not present in all detectors studied. It is thus important to check the stability properties of a detector before use. PMID- 7277026 TI - Problems in screening for congenital hypothyroidism using thyroxine assays from small dried blood discs. AB - The feasibility of screening for neonatal hypothyroidism by initial thyroxine (T4) measurements from small (3.2 mm diam.) discs of dried heel or cord blood was assessed using double-antibody radioimmunoassay and solid-phase radioassay kits. Adult heparinized venous blood or finger-prick capillary blood served as references. Reproducibility of results was satisfactory in adult but not infant samples, probably because of problems in collecting and handling the latter. In comparative studies, most of the 16 infants with congenital primary hypothyroidism had within-run T4 values above the 2.5 percentile; some were as high as the 7th and the 5th percentile for heel and cord blood, respectively. Simultaneously determined heel and cord dried-blood thyrotropin (TSH) values were clearly increased to greater than 40 microU/ml in 15 of these infants. Thus, when small discs are used for initial blood T4 screening to detect primary hypothyroidism, a higher cut-off points is recommended to safeguard against the observed technical problems. PMID- 7277029 TI - Re: standards for performance measurements in scintillation cameras. PMID- 7277028 TI - Meal size and gastric emptying. PMID- 7277030 TI - Re: exercise lowers thyroid radioiodine uptake: concise communication. PMID- 7277033 TI - Circadian variations of liver free amino acid content in mixed-fed and protein meal-fed rats. AB - Hepatic amino acid contents were determined at time-points regularly spaced over a light-dark cycle in rats fed either a 12% casein diet or a single daily meal given 2 hours after the onset of the light phase with a protein-free diet and libitum. In mixed-fed rats, non-essential amino acid hepatic content remained stable over 24 hours while that of essential amino acids rose during the early part of the night in connection with the onset of prandial activity, but long before portal levels increased. The possibility of factors related to food intake (insulin, glucagon, gastrointestinal hormones) or to its chronology (corticoids) stimulating active transport is discussed. In separately-fed rats, amino acid pools increased in the 30 minutes following protein administration in connection with rising portal levels. During the rest of the light phase, a general depletion of non-essential amino acids occurred. It was most rapid for glutamine, alanine and aspartic acid and was followed by accumulation during the night phase, a pattern fitting well with gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis stimulation following protein ingestion. Essential amino acid decrease was linear and spanned over both the light and dark phases in correlation with decreasing portal levels. PMID- 7277032 TI - Quantitative and qualitative circadian variations of amino acid intestinal efflux in mixed-fed and in protein-meal-fed rats. AB - The magnitude and composition of amino acid intestinal efflux was followed over a light-dark cycle in rats ingesting the same daily amount of protein administered either in a mixed diet (12% casein) or as a separate meal (70% casein concentrate) fed 2 hours after the onset of the light period with a protein-free diet available at all times. Intestinal efflux was determined by an instant porto aortic difference measured on pooled samples from six rats at time-points spaced every 3 hours over a light-dark cycle. During protein digestion (dark for the mixed-fed rats) and (light for the separately-fed ones), essential amino acid composition of intestinal output fell into line with that of the protein ingested (casein) while non-essential amino acid composition did not. The discrepancy bore on alanine and glycine which were released in excess and on aspartic and glutamic acids, glutamine and serine which were released in deficit from their content in casein. From the follow-up of individual amino acid release and uptake, we concluded that intestinal efflux reflects the composition of the dietary protein only with respect to the amino acids, mostly essential, that are not metabolized by the intestinal wall. PMID- 7277031 TI - Intestinal transport of amino acids in protein-deficient rats and the effect of rehabilitation using a casein diet. AB - The effects of protein deprivation and subsequent rehabilitation on the intestinal absorption of a mixture of amino acids were studied in albino rats. The absolute amounts of amino acids transported across the intestine were greater in rats fed for 28 days 17% casein diet than those fed 3% maize protein or no protein diets. The absorption per unit intestinal DNA (termed as absorptive capacity) of amino acids, except L-arginine in males, was more in rats fed the 3% maize protein diet than those fed the casein diet. The changes in the absorptive capacity of two sexes, when fed the protein-free diet, were not similar. The males absorbed L-arginine and L-methionine, and females L-histidine and L tryptophan at rates faster in the protein-free group than their counterparts in the casein group. The differences between protein-free and casein groups in the absorption of L-tryptophan and L-histidine in males and L-arginine and L methionine in females were not significant. The augmentation in absorptive capacity of intestinal cells in protein-deficient rats was a temporary adaptation to the condition that resulted in reduced intestinal cell population. Rehabilitation of protein-deficient rats for 32 days on the casein diet, resulted in an increase in intestinal cell population, return of absorptive capacity of intestinal cells to normal, and improvement in net absorption rates. PMID- 7277034 TI - Difference between sucrose and glucose diets in their effects on the rate of body weight change in rats. PMID- 7277035 TI - Differences in blood glutathione levels of tumor-implanted or zinc-deficient rats. AB - Previously we found that blood glutathione (GSH) levels were decreased in rats that were both zinc-deficient and tumor-bearing. In this study the separate effects of zinc deficiency and tumor were investigated. Young, male rats were pair-fed either a complete, control diet or a zinc-deficient diet, and some of each group were implanted intramuscularly (i.m.) with Walker 256/Ml carcinosarcoma. Then half of the tumor-implanted, zinc-deficient rats were repleted with zinc. All rats were killed 7 days after tumor implantation. Zinc deficiency was validated by poor growth, low food efficiency and decreased concentrations of zinc in liver, kidney and plasma. Relative to controls rats, the blood GSH level increased 21% as a result of tumor alone (P less than 0.005) and decreased 19% with zinc-deficiency alone (P less than 0.025). In rats that were both tumor-bearing and zinc-deficient, the GSH level was 16% higher than the controls (P less than 0.005). Zinc repletion of the tumor-bearing rats restored GSH levels to control values. These results indicate that the marked and opposite changes in blood GSH levels as a result of tumor implantation or of zinc deficiency occur by different mechanisms. PMID- 7277036 TI - Effects of exercise on iron and copper metabolism in rats. AB - We studied parameters of iron and copper status in male and female weanling rats that swan 1 1/2 hours per day, 5 days per week or were sedentary for 9 weeks. Final body weights of exercised males were lower (P less than 0.005) than sedentary males, although food intakes were comparable. Blood hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit levels were increased in the exercising males compared to the sedentary males (P less than 0.025). Serum ceruloplasmin levels were significantly elevated in the exercised group. There was a trend toward decreased iron and increased copper in the spleens, livers and hearts of the exercised males. Total fecal iron was increased and, therefore, apparent iron absorption was decreased in the male exercise group as calculated from an iron and copper balance study conducted during week 8 of the exercise period. In female rats there were no effects of exercise in the parameters measured. Whether the different responses of males and females are due to sexual differences or a relative lack of exercise in the female rats which floated easily is not known. Elevated ceruloplasmin levels may be related to the stress of exercise. The results of this study indicate that exercise produces an alteration in iron and copper distribution and/or iron reutilization, absorption or excretion. PMID- 7277038 TI - Relationship of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity and nutritional pancreatic atrophy in selenium-deficient chicks. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the relationship of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGSHpx) activity to the onset of nutritional pancreatic atrophy (NPA) in chicks. Chicks produced from hens fed a low Se, low vitamin E practical diet had low activities of SeGSHpx in plasma and pancreas at hatching. The SeGSHpx activity remained at a low level before and during all stages of the onset of NPA. Selenium supplementation of the diet prevented NPA and resulted in significant elevations in SeGSHpx activity. Although the early stages of NPA are believed to involve mitochondrial swelling, no significant differences were found in rate of oxygen uptake, respiratory control index or adenosine diphosphate to oxygen ratio between pancreatic mitochondria isolated from Se-deficient or Se adequate chicks. Improvements in maternal Se status significantly increased chick pancreatic SeGSHpx activity at hatching and delayed the onset of NPA in chicks fed a Se-deficient diet. A significant proportion of the second-generation Se- and vitamin E-depleted chicks used in these studies was found to grow at nearly normal rates when fed the Se-deficient diet. These chicks, designated as refractory to the growth-depressing effect of severe Se-deficiency, were biochemically deficient (i.e., had very low SeGSHpx activities) and showed NPA. It is concluded that the Se-responsive lesion which results in NPA in the chick is different from that which results in depressed growth. PMID- 7277037 TI - Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on maternal, placental, and fetal rat tissues. AB - Prolonged dietary deprivation is needed to produce essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency. But lack of EFA also impairs reproductive function. Inclusion of small amounts of linoleic acid in the diet can overcome this difficulty; further, if large amounts of oleic acid are included in the diet, this competes with the utilization of 18:2 producing EFA deficiency. Using this approach, female rats were fed a fat-free diet containing 5% oleic acid w/w (with 2-3% 18:2) as the only source of fat for 4 months. They were mated and on the 21st day of gestation, the fatty acids of fetal tissues, placenta, maternal liver and plasma were analyzed and compared to controls on a stock diet. Fetuses from the experimental group were smaller and contained higher amounts of 18:1 and 20:3 omega 9 indicating EFA deficiency. The omega 6 fatty acids in the polar lipids of placenta of the EFA-deficient group were not significantly lower than the controls, in spite of lower concentrations in the maternal plasma, suggesting a unique capacity of the placenta to concentrate omega 6 fatty acids, which in turn may be utilized for prostaglandin synthesis needed for inducing labor and other vascular changes in the fetus. PMID- 7277039 TI - Influence of copper supplementation on the relationship between dietary methionine and free plasma methionine. AB - One-day-old broiler chicks were adapted to a basal, isolated soyprotein cornstarch diet containing 20% protein, 0.59% methionine and 3,300 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg. They were then fed experimental diets consisting of three levels (0, 500, 1,000 ppm) of copper added to each of the basal diet plus four levels (0, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.5%) of L-methionine for 1 or 4 weeks. Growth was retarded after 1 week by all levels of supplementary methionine, and by 500 or 1,000 ppm excess copper. The plasma concentrations of free methionine, serine, alpha-aminobutyric acid and cystathionine were increased by excess dietary methionine. Excess copper prevented the increase in plasma methionine. After 4 weeks, the plasma methionine concentration and rate of growth of chicks fed 0.4% excess L-methionine did not differ significantly from basal values. The growth retardation caused by 500 ppm excess copper was alleviated by 0.4% supplemental methionine, and the elevations in plasma methionine and liver and spleen iron concentrations observed in chicks fed 1.5% excess methionine were reduced by 1,000 ppm excess copper. The patterns of the relationship between dietary methionine and liver or spleen iron, in the presence or absence of supplementary copper, were similar to those between dietary and free plasma methionine. PMID- 7277040 TI - Influence of dietary excess methionine on the relationship between dietary copper and the concentration of copper and iron in organs of broiler chicks. AB - Four experiments were conducted to study the nature of the relationship between methionine, copper and iron. The day-old broiler chicks used were adapted to an isolated soyprotein-cornstarch diet containing 20% protein, 3,300 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg, normal levels of minerals and 0.59% methionine. They were then fed the basal diet, alone or supplemented with 1.5% DL-methionine, 2,000 ppm molybdenum (Mo), 4,000 ppm Mo, or 100, 250, 500 or 1,000 ppm copper for 1 or 3 weeks. In contrast to 1.5% excess methionine, excess Mo increased plasma copper concentrations significantly, had no effect on spleen or liver iron and did not induce neurological changes. Dietary copper or methionine significantly influenced body weight gain, and the concentrations of copper in plasmas or livers. Supplements of 1.5% DL-methionine, 500 ppm or 1,000 ppm copper retarded body weight. A direct relationship between dietary copper, and the concentration of copper in livers or plasmas was demonstrated in chicks fed either the basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 1.5% DL-methionine. However, chicks fed excess methionine had lower levels of copper in their plasmas and livers at every level of excess dietary copper. Liver and spleen iron concentrations were increased by 1.5% excess DL-methionine, but were not significantly altered by supplementary copper. PMID- 7277041 TI - Turnover of bone zinc during normal and accelerated bone loss in rats. AB - The ability of the skeleton to serve as a reservoir of available zinc was investigated in weanling and 7-week-old rats. Bone turnover was measured by the loss of previously incorporated 3H-tetracycline (TC), in conditions of normal turnover accompanying growth or accelerated loss produced by calcium deficiency. The 4-week studies involved four experimental groups per age group (all combinations of high and low calcium, high and low zinc). By measuring loss of 3H TC and whole bone (humerus) contents of Zn and Ca, it was possible to calculate the deposition and resorption of Zn and Ca during the experimental period. Several conclusions emerged from the study: 1) availability of Zn from the skeleton was dependent on the rate of bone resorption, but not on Zn status; 2) redeposition of Zn in the skeleton following resorption was extensive, and independent of the rate of bone mineral deposition; and 3) in Ca deficiency there was an increased deposition of Zn, suggesting a partial substitution of Zn for Ca in bone mineral. The results support the concept that the skeleton does not serve as a reservoir for Zn. Very little Zn is made available by bone resorption, and even then Zn is lost only in a passive manner that is dependent on, but does not influence, bone turnover. The availability of Zn from the skeleton is not mediated by Zn status. PMID- 7277043 TI - Influence of protein intake on S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase activity in normal and chronically uremic rats. AB - The activity of S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (SAM decarboxylase), an enzyme mediating polyamine biosynthesis, was measured in liver and kidney of chronically uremic rats and their pair-fed controls. Effects of protein intake were assessed in groups of rats fed either 8 or 18% casein or switched from 18 to 70% casein for 14 hours. In control rats, both hepatic and renal SAM decarboxylase activities increased with the higher levels of dietary casein. In uremic rats, SAM decarboxylase activity was not responsive to alterations in protein intake. Hepatic and renal SAM decarboxylase activity was significantly higher in control rats than in uremic rats, but this was due to increases in activity that occurred with diets containing higher amounts of protein (18 and 70% casein versus 8% casein). PMID- 7277042 TI - Relationship between iron status and exercise in male and female growing rats. AB - Weanling rats of both sexes were fed for 6 weeks diets containing 42, 17 or 7 ppm iron to produce adequate, moderately deficient and severely deficient iron status, respectively. At each level of iron, rats were either sedentary, trained regularly on a treadmill or housed in activity wheel cages. The moderately and severely deficient rats of both sexes which were exercised regularly had slightly greater liver non-heme iron stores and slightly higher hematologic values than sedentary rats. In the adequately nourished rats, exercise enhanced iron stores but had no effect on hematologic status. Rats were tested for physical work performance by a graded treadmill test every 2 weeks. Compared to adequately nourished rats, moderately iron-deficient rats had lower liver iron stores and slightly lower hematological values, but growth rate, heart size, spontaneous activity and treadmill performance were unaffected by the deficiency. Severely deficient rats, compared to adequately nourished rats, had depressed growth rate (82%), cardiac hypertrophy (14%) and lower hematologic values. Treadmill performance of male rats, in contrast to females, was more negatively affected by severe iron deficiency. PMID- 7277044 TI - Effect of exogenous growth hormone on lactational performance in high yielding dairy cows. AB - Bovine growth hormone (bGH) was administered to high-yielding Holstein cows fed a complete mixed ration ad libitum. Commencing on day 74 of lactation, 10 cows averaging 34.4 kg milk per day were divided into two groups and received a daily subcutaneous injection of bGH (51.5 IU/day) or a placebo. Injections were continued for an 11-day period and differences in lactational performance, nitrogen balance and estimated energy balance between the two groups were compared for the last 5 days of the preinjection and injection periods. Growth hormone resulted in increases of 9.5% in milk yield, 22.7% in milk fat yield, 14.5% in milk lactose yield and a 17.1% increase in milk energy secretion. Feed intake was slightly reduced (-4.3%, nonsignificant) while milk protein secretion and nitrogen balance were unchanged. Serum growth hormone levels in the bGH group were maintained at the higher concentrations of the normal physiological range during the injection period. By 48 hours following the last injection, declining bGH concentrations approached control values, and milk production decreased to preinjection values. Serum prolactin levels and plasma concentrations of free fatty acids were slightly increased during the injection period in the bGH group. Growth hormone clearly enhances milk synthesis in the high-yielding dairy cow. PMID- 7277045 TI - Effects of dietary cholesterol on antibody-dependent phagocytosis and cell mediated lysis in guinea pigs. AB - The effect of dietary cholesterol on antibody-dependent phagocytosis and cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by peritoneal cells and on the susceptibility to lysis of erythrocytes was studied in the guinea pig. We found that peritoneal cells from cholesterol-fed animals (CHOL PEC) demonstrated a decreased ability to both phagocytose and lyse antibody-coated (Ab) guinea pig erythrocytes than did those from control guinea pigs (CONT PEC). This decrease was equal in groups fed cholesterol for 5 1/2-13 weeks, preanemic or anemic, and with normal or enlarged spleens. Dose response curves varying Ab concentration showed that CHOL PEC required higher concentrations of Ab to effect phagocytosis and lysis than did CONT PEC. Dietary cholesterol, while rapidly inducing morphological changes such as spurring in guinea pig erythrocytes, was found not to affect the susceptibility of the cells to lysis or phagocytosis in this assay system. These findings suggest that the increased incidence of infection in cholesterol-fed guinea pigs may be due to impaired phagocytic function and that the anemia observed in guinea pigs after 8-10 weeks of feeding cholesterol is not due to increased antibody-dependent removal of spurred erythrocytes by the phagocytic system. PMID- 7277046 TI - Self-regulation of phosphate intake by growing rats. AB - Groups of growing rats (100-150 g) were offered a choice of two diets, one containing a deficient concentration of phosphorus (0.1%) and the other containing 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 or 1.8% phosphorus. All diets contained 0.6% Ca and were isocaloric. Except for the groups that were offered the 0.1 and 0.3% phosphorus diets, all the animals selected mixtures of diets containing nearly identical phosphorus contents (0.33-0.36%). The group offered the two diets lowest in phosphorus selected 83% of their food from the higher (0.3%) phosphorus diet to obtain a mixture containing 0.25% phosphorus. Irrespective of the phosphorus content of the diets available, all groups ate similar amounts of food, made similar weight gains and maintained normal plasma levels of calcium and phosphorus. The experiment demonstrates the existence of a feedback mechanism by which growing rats regulate their phosphorus intake within narrow limits when allowed to self-select among diets of markedly different phosphorus contents. It is postulated that feedback regulation of phosphorus intake is mediated by changes in plasma calcium homeostasis. PMID- 7277048 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome: retailing. PMID- 7277047 TI - Aspartame doses for phenylketonuria. PMID- 7277049 TI - Smoking habits and occupational status. AB - A study was conducted to determine the associations between occupational status and detailed measures of smoking exposure: ever vs. never smoking, type of tobacco used, current vs. ex-cigarette smoking, amount smoked, age began, and tar yield of the usual brand smoked. Date were obtained between the years 1977 and 1979 as part of a large-scale epidemiological study of tobacco use. Subjects interviewed were 2,528 white males aged 41 to 70 while they were patients in hospitals located in five U.S. cities. Thirty-eight percent of the sample had cancer of a site not previously linked with use of tobacco and 62% had non-cancer conditions also unrelated to tobacco exposure. It was found that men in professional and technical occupations showed a markedly higher rate of never smoking than did men from all other occupations who showed only slight differences among themselves. The intensity of other cigarette smoking variables- current vs. ex-smoking, age began, and tar yield of cigarette smoked (but not number per day)--varied significantly by occupational level, with higher levels of smoking intensity observed among men in blue-collar than among those in white collar occupations. These findings indicate that an appropriate evaluation of an occupationally related disease also affected by smoking must include detailed and comprehensive smoking data. Moreover, it can be expected that men in occupations associated with higher indices of smoking intensity will have higher rates of tobacco-related diseases than those in occupations with lower cigarette intensity exposures. PMID- 7277050 TI - Preventive medicine in the workplace--prospects for the 1980s. PMID- 7277051 TI - Patterns and perspectives revisited. PMID- 7277052 TI - Is the presence of low-level environmental contamination a sufficient excuse for not diagnosing mass hysteria? PMID- 7277053 TI - Epidemiologic patterns of nasal cancer in New York state. PMID- 7277054 TI - Mass psychogenic illness: some clarification and perspectives. PMID- 7277055 TI - Health promotion in business: caveats for success. PMID- 7277057 TI - Luminance--brightness comparisons of separated circular stimuli. AB - An experiment was conducted in which observers adjusted the luminance of a 2856-K white comparison source to appear as bright as a chromatic source of known luminance. Twenty different chromatic sources were used, each subtending a visual angle of 1 degree. The results show that, for sources having the same dominant wavelength, the amount of white light required to make a brightness match increases as saturation increases. Additional observations were made using four of the chromatic sources at viewing subtenses of 20' and 6'. These results show that the amount of white light required to make a brightness match decreased as the source size decreased. The rate of decrease was most rapid for the red source. PMID- 7277058 TI - Visibility of borders: separate and combined effects of color differences, luminance contrast, and luminance level. AB - The strength of the border between two regions was assessed by measuring the tendency of the border to disappear during a 5-min fixation period. We measured the total time the border was judged visible when subjects viewed two hemifields with different chromaticities (six wavelength pairs), five luminance contrasts, or with differences in both, at five levels of luminance. For a homochromatic field, border visibility increased linearly with the logarithm of the luminance contrast, regardless of the particular wavelength of the field. For fields with only chromatic differences, border visibility increased linearly with the logarithm of the tritanopic-purity difference (the relative activity of only the long- and middle-wavelength-sensitive cones). For all borders, visibility increased with an increase in luminance level. Thus borders formed by the combination of chromatic differences and luminance contrasts are more visible than borders that have the same chromatic difference or the same luminance contrast alone. For any chromatic difference, calculations of a luminance contrast that would yield the same border visibility were made. These equivalent luminance-contrast functions for border visibility provide a metric for chromatic differences across a range of luminances that allows chromatic and luminance contrast sensitivities to be compared in a nonarbitrary way. Relative to chromatic differences, luminance contrast is less effective in maintaining border visibility at lower luminance levels. When the borders combine both chromatic differences and luminance contrasts, a root-mean-square model can be used to account for the data. This is consistent with the idea that chromatic and luminance systems make independent contributions to the visibility of borders. PMID- 7277056 TI - A peripheral vascular insufficiency test using photocell plethysmography. AB - A preliminary laboratory study seeking an objective test for vascular insufficiency of the fingertips (Raynaud's syndrome) is described. In a limited number of subjects, circulatory changes in the vascular bed of one hand were examined by photocell plethysmography while the opposite had was immersed in ice water. The time to complete recovery after cessation of the cold stimulus was significantly longer with primary Raynaud's patients than with the control subjects (p = 0.0045). The analysis of another parameter, the relative change in pulse amplitude during cold immersion, was confounded by age and sex differences between the Raynaud's and the control group. A follow-up investigation of the application of this technique to a population of vibration-exposed chipper and grinder and control workers is in progress. PMID- 7277060 TI - Nonlinear visual responses to flickering sinusoidal gratings. AB - Over a range of high temporal and low spatial frequencies, counterphase flickering gratings evoke the so-called frequency-doubling illusion, in which the apparent brightness of the grating varies at twice its real spatial frequency. The form of the nonlinearity that causes this second-harmonic distortion of the visual response was determined by a cancellation technique. The harmonic distortion can be measured as a function of amplitude (or contrast) by adding to the flickering grating a real, nonflickering, double-frequency component with the amplitude and phase required to cancel the illusory second harmonic. Harmonic distortion curves obtained in this way imply that the nonlinearity is of the form /s/p, where s is the stimulus pattern (without its dc component) and p is close to 0.6. If p = 1, or if the absolute value is not taken, this expression predicts distortion curves that differ significantly from the experimental results. Hence neither rectification nor compression alone is sufficient to account for the second-harmonic distortion; both are required. PMID- 7277061 TI - Visual form perception and the spatial phase transfer function. AB - The quality of many imaging devices can be characterized, within certain constraints, by means of the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the phase transfer function (PTF). In many cases, it is possible to estimate, qualitatively, the effect of the MTF on the appearance of objects, and much progress has been made in making quantitative predictions of the detectability of objects and features within objects. This is not the case, however, for the PTF, and its influence is often neglected, even though nonideal PTF's obviously may degrade image quality. Experiments are described that attempt to assess the significance of the PTF for human visual performance. The effects of various PTF's were simulated by means of a technique that maintained the modulation of the spatial-frequency components closely constant. The visual detectability of such phase changes was measured by a discrimination method, and phase threshold levels were evaluated. Simple linear patterns provided the targets for all measurements, although some images are shown that illustrate qualitatively the phase-shift results on real two-dimensional targets. The work enables an assessment to be made of the effects of phase changes produced by various imaging systems. PMID- 7277059 TI - Retinal sensitivity and spatial summation in the foveal and parafoveal regions. AB - Retinal sensitivity and the critical area of the spatial summation in the foveal and parafoveal regions were investigated by using a fundus-controlled perimeter to monitor accurately a subject's fundus picture and target position on the retina. The first experiment showed that retinal sensitivity and the critical area change continuously from fovea to periphery and that the diameter of the critical area is a linear function of retinal eccentricity. In the second experiment, this linear relationship was verified by another method. PMID- 7277063 TI - A seminar on antibiotics VII erythromycin and clindamycin. PMID- 7277064 TI - Closed intramedullary nailing of the femur. PMID- 7277062 TI - Analysis of the Damon Smoking Control Program a study of hypnosis on controlling cigarette smoking. PMID- 7277065 TI - Refractory atrial arrhythmias in a patient with coronary arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 7277066 TI - Aortic aneurysm complicating staphylococcal pericarditis. PMID- 7277067 TI - Full-time staffing in emergency departments: boon or bane. PMID- 7277068 TI - Proceedings of the 75th annual session of the House of Delegates of the Oklahoma State Medical Association. PMID- 7277069 TI - [Mechanism of large amplitude of negative summating potentials in electrocochleography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277070 TI - [Immunological study of the patients with malignant tumours of the head and neck using delayed hypersensitivity skin tests. 2. Clinical manifestations related on the skin tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277071 TI - [The distances between the right and left medial pterygoid plates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277072 TI - [Simultaneous recording and averaging of middle ear muscle reflex measured by impedance and ear canal pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277073 TI - [Standardization of nasal obstruction by the body plethysmograph method (cases of reconstructive operation of the nose) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277074 TI - [Neuro-otorogical observations of Fisher's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277076 TI - [A newly developed method of the maxillo-temporal panoramic tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277077 TI - [Mass screening for the detection of early carcinoma of the larynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277075 TI - [Ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics by rapid intravenous injection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277078 TI - [Individual variation and mechanism of kanamycin ototoxicity in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277079 TI - [Immunological reactivity of patients with malignant tumor of the head and neck. Part 4. Differences in variation of immunological reactivity between operation and radiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277080 TI - [Brain stem response audiometry in infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277081 TI - [Carcinogen in the development of head and neck cancer (Part 2) --head and neck malignant tumors with alcoholism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277082 TI - [A study on relationship between several olfactory examinations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277083 TI - [Norepinephrine content in the inferior turbinate of the patients with nasal allergy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277084 TI - [Pregnancy and Bell's palsy--case reports and review of the literature]. PMID- 7277085 TI - [Congenital ossicular malformation with slight anomalies of the external ear (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277086 TI - Getting the treatment: recycling women addicts. PMID- 7277087 TI - Drug abuse in pre- and post-revolutionary Iran. PMID- 7277088 TI - Cuban women, sex role conflicts and the use of prescription drugs. PMID- 7277089 TI - The politics of dependency problems: labor market failure, youth and "dependency problems" in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7277093 TI - Complications and sequelae of meningococcal infections in children. AB - Eight-six children with meningococcal meningitis or bacteremia were evaluated prospectively between 1977 and 1979 to determine the incidence of complications and features predictive of their development. The majority (83%) of these infections were caused by serogroup B strains. Twenty-seven percent of survivors experienced one or more suppurative, allergic, or neurologic complications. Hearing loss, noted in 9% of children, occurred significantly more often in patients with admission leukocytosis or leukopenia, or with CSF leukocytosis greater than 10,000/mm3 than in those with an uncomplicated course (P less than 0.01). Ten percent of survivors developed allergic complications manifested as cutaneous vasculitis or arthritis with onset five to eight days after admission. Shock, purpuric skin lesions, and fever persisting longer than five days occurred significantly more often in these children than in those who developed hearing loss or those with an uncomplicated course (P less than 0.05). Resolution of allergic complications occurred within 14 days of their onset. Compared to Neisseria meningitidis groups A and C, group B strains appear to be intermediate in their potential for allergic complications associated with childhood infection. PMID- 7277092 TI - The immunoglobulin response to reimmunization with rubella vaccine. AB - An adolescent military dependent population, 86% of whom had documented history of rubella immunization, was screened by two commercially available rubella hemagglutination inhibition tests. All those who were R-HAI antibody negative were immunized, and postvaccination sera were examined for the development of rubella-specific antibody (R-IgM). R-IgM was not found in any of the previously immunized subjects despite the lack of R-HAI antibody. R-IgM was detected in two seronegative subjects who had no documentation of previous rubella immunization. Thus, although the R-HAI antibody had waned, the engrams of previous immunization remained, resulting in a secondary response on re-exposure. The development of a secondary immune response, despite the absence of detectable r-HAI antibody, casts doubt on the validity of R-HAI as a screening test to determine rubella immunity. The data support continuing mass immunization of preschool children and vaccination of all older females who lack documentation of rubella immunization. PMID- 7277091 TI - Profiles of psychedelic drugs: 10. DOB. PMID- 7277094 TI - Dietary-dependent carnitine deficiency as a cause of nonketotic hypoglycemia in an infant. AB - Recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia, prostration, vomiting, and hepatomegaly were observed in an infant fed a carnitine-free soy formula. The extremely low plasma and urinary carnitine concentrations, elevated plasma free fatty acids, disproportionately low plasma beta hydroxybutyrate, and elevated urinary dicarboxylic acids, in the presence of a fatty liver, suggested that carnitine deficiency was the basis for this child's metabolic disturbance. When the infant was fed an enriched carnitine diet, remarkable clinical, biochemical, and histologic improvement was observed. The possibility that carnitine may be an essential nutrient for some infants is raised by the findings in this patient. PMID- 7277090 TI - The bogus drug: Three methyl & alpha methyl fentanyl sold as "China White". PMID- 7277095 TI - Blood pressure response to dynamic exercise in healthy children--black vs white. AB - In order to determine normal values for systolic blood pressure response to cycle ergometer stress testing in children, we performed 405 studies in subjects from 6 to 15 years of age, of whom 184 were black and 221 were white. We analyzed the data in relation to sex, color, age, and body surface area. Resting systolic blood pressure showed no differences between groups of black and white children, analyzed either by age or surface area. Peak exercise blood pressures were higher in the black females, in comparison to their white counterparts, only when separated into groups by body surface area. The black males had higher exercise blood pressure values than the whites, both by age and surface area evaluation. Our data suggest a difference in the blood pressure response to dynamic exercise within the black population. Further studies are needed to define the mechanism of this difference and whether this difference may provide a clue to the identification of children at increased risk for developing hypertension later in life. PMID- 7277096 TI - Kabuki make-up syndrome: a syndrome of mental retardation, unusual facies, large and protruding ears, and postnatal growth deficiency. AB - A previously unrecognized mental retardation malformation syndrome was observed in five unrelated Japanese children. Consistent clinical features included moderate-to-severe mental retardation, progressive dwarfism of postnatal onset, a peculiar facies characterized by long palpebral fissures, with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, arched eyebrows, broad and depressed nasal tip, large prominent earlobes, short fifth fingers, abnormal dermatoglyphics including absence of digital triradius c or d, and frequent otitis media in infancy. Inconsistent abnormalities included epicanthal folds, cleft or high arched palate, widely spaced teeth, low occipital hair line, scoliosis, and dislocation of the hip joint. Neither familial occurrence nor parental consanguinity was noted. The etiology of the malformation syndrome remains unknown. PMID- 7277097 TI - A new malformation syndrome of long palpebral fissures, large ears, depressed nasal tip, and skeletal anomalies associated with postnatal dwarfism and mental retardation. AB - Five unrelated patients with a previously unrecognized mental retardation malformation syndrome are presented. Clinical features common to them include moderate mental retardation, postnatal dwarfism, susceptibility to infection in infancy, and peculiar craniofacial dysmorphia characterized by long palpebral fissures, high-arched and abnormal eyebrows, heavy and long eyelashes, large ears, short nasal septum and/or depressed nasal tip, and cleft palate. Other anomalies are stubby fingers, deformed vertebra and other bone and joint anomalies, and abnormal dermatoglyphics. The absence of familial occurrence and of consanguinity suggests some environmental causation, but the possibility of an autosomal dominant or X-linked mode of inheritance remains. Based upon our five patients and other five of Niikawa et al, we propose this syndrome as a new disease entity. PMID- 7277098 TI - Prevention of childhood accidents by eliminating the agent of injury. PMID- 7277099 TI - Neonatal cholestasis and hypoglycemia: possible role of cortisol deficiency. PMID- 7277100 TI - Familial cholestasis with elevated sweat electrolyte concentrations. PMID- 7277101 TI - Selenium and vitamin E status in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7277102 TI - Pulsus paradoxus in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7277103 TI - Cervicofacial nocardiosis in children. PMID- 7277104 TI - The autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome as the primary manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7277105 TI - Disaccharidase values in iron-deficient infants. PMID- 7277106 TI - Treatment of recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis with an artificial interferon inducer (poly ICLC). PMID- 7277107 TI - Human milk feeding in premature infants: protein, fat, and carbohydrate balances in the first two weeks of life. AB - The nutritional adequacy of the premature infant's own mother's milk was assessed during the first two weeks of life. Studies were carried out in three groups (n = 8) of infants of less than 1,300 gm birth weight, matched for gestational age and weight, and fed either pooled breast milk, their mothers own milk, or infant formula (SMA20 or SMA24). Macronutrient balances at the end of the first and second postnatal weeks demonstrated differences in nitrogen and lipid absorption and retention between groups. Nitrogen retentions (mg/kg/day) were similar to normal fetal accretion rates only in the PT and SMA24 groups. Fat absorption was poorest from the heat-sterilized PBM (average of 64.0% of intake) when compared to PT (88.2%) and SMA groups (83.3%). Average gross and metabolizable energy intakes were similar among groups. Nutritional status as measured by plasma total protein and albumin concentrations and weight gain tended to be poorest in the PBM-fed infants. It was concluded that either PT milk or infant formula of a composition similar to SMA24 are more appropriate than pooled banked milk for feeding the premature infant during the first two weeks of life. PMID- 7277108 TI - Risk factor analysis of intraventricular hemorrhage in low-birth-weight infants. AB - Sixty of 63 newborn infants weighing less than 1,250 gm, admitted consecutively to the Intensive Care Nursery during a 15-month period, were prospectively investigated for the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage by early computerized tomography or by autopsy. Nineteen of the 60 infants had evidence of IVH. The incidence of IVH was correlated with the presence of possible neonatal, obstetrical, asphyxial, or therapeutic risk factors. There was a significant difference in only one of the risk factors: birth outside the perinatal center. Fifteen of 27 outborn infants (56%) developed IVH, whereas only four of 33 inborn infants (12%) developed IVH (P less than 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in maternal obstetrical risk factors, infant risk factors, or indices of birth asphyxia in the inborn compared with the outborn infants. However, perinatal therapeutic risk factors differed between the two groups. Outborn infants were less likely to have received betamethasone (P less than 0.001), were less likely to have their arterial blood gases monitored and stabilized during the first 20 minutes after birth (P less than 0.001), and were given more bicarbonate (P less than 0.001) and more boluses of fluid intravenously (P less than 0.02). The risk of IVH in very low birth-weight infants may be significantly decreased by therapeutic factors at birth. Maternal transport to a perinatal center and intensive neonatal resuscitation may contribute to decreasing the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 7277109 TI - Effectiveness of chest tube evacuation of pneumothorax in neonates. AB - This is a retrospective review of the effectiveness of 149 chest tubes placed in attempts to evacuate 91 pneumothoraces among 57 infants. Forty-four percent of initial evacuation attempts were ineffective; 42% of total chest tubes throughout the clinical courses were ineffective. The largest number of these ineffective chest tubes lay posterior in the pleural cavity. Fifty-six percent of posterior tubes were ineffective whereas only 4% of anterior tubes were ineffective. Other causes for failure included tubes which had perforated the lung, diaphragm, or mediastinum or were lying subcutaneously. On some occasions, chest tubes were mistakenly used to evacuate intrathoracic air which was actually a pulmonary pseudocyst or pneumomediastinum. Two thoracostomy sites were chosen: the superior and lateral. Eighty-five percent of chest tubes inserted through the superior approach lay anteriorly in the pleural cavity whereas only 47% of the laterally inserted tubes lay anteriorly. Superior thoracostomy tubes were significantly more effective than lateral tubes because of their more frequent anterior location. There were also fewer complications with superior thoracostomy tubes. Whereas only 10% of superiorly inserted tubes encroached upon the mediastinum, 32% of lateral tubes did so. To be effective, chest tubes should be placed anteriorly in the pleural space; this location is more often achieved via the superior thoracostomy approach. PMID- 7277110 TI - Physiologic responses to prolonged and slow-rise inflation in the resuscitation of the asphyxiated newborn infant. AB - Measurements of thoracic volume, inflation pressure, and intrathoracic pressure have been recorded at the resuscitation of nine newborn babies. The initial inflation pressure was maintained for approximately five seconds which produced a twofold increase in inflation volume compared to standard resuscitation techniques and always led to formation of an FRC. When the inflation pressure was increased slowly over three to five seconds, the apparent opening pressure which occurred universally in square wave inflation was rarely seen. PMID- 7277111 TI - Exchange transfusion in neonatal myasthenia. PMID- 7277112 TI - Clindamycin therapy of staphylococcal pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7277113 TI - Hepatitis associated with use of sulindac in a child. PMID- 7277114 TI - Exchange transfusion in acute chloramphenicol toxicity. PMID- 7277115 TI - Absorption of salicylate and bismuth from a bismuth subsalicylate--containing compound (Pepto-Bismol). PMID- 7277117 TI - Relief of upper respiratory symptoms by aspirin. PMID- 7277116 TI - Influence of specific gravity on intravenous drug delivery. PMID- 7277119 TI - Brompton mixture for pain relief. PMID- 7277118 TI - Transfusions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in an infant with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and a defect of phagocytosis. PMID- 7277120 TI - Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. PMID- 7277121 TI - Contrast echocardiography in diagnosis of PDA. PMID- 7277122 TI - Delayed gastric emptying with gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 7277123 TI - Effect of transfusion of RBC in pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7277124 TI - Rifampin prophylaxis for Haemophilus infections. PMID- 7277125 TI - Growth retardation in beta-thalassemia. PMID- 7277126 TI - Sterile products and hospital pharmacists. PMID- 7277127 TI - Visual ampul inspection by experienced and non-experienced inspectors. PMID- 7277128 TI - The application of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to the analysis of pharmaceutical packaging materials. PMID- 7277129 TI - Equipment and procedures for calibrating thermoanemometers and photometers. PMID- 7277130 TI - Validation in perspective-1981. PMID- 7277131 TI - New concepts in the manufacturing and sterilization of LVP's in plastic bottles. PMID- 7277132 TI - Particulate inspection of parenteral products: an assessment. PMID- 7277133 TI - The study of reaction kinetics. PMID- 7277134 TI - The validity of rectal biopsy in relation to morphology and distribution of ganglion cells. PMID- 7277135 TI - Intestinal stricture after necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - Between 1974 and 1979 inclusive, 20 of 175 neonates with previous necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) developed obstruction from intestinal stricture 1-20 mo after the diagnosis of NEC. Seven were found in the small bowel, 19 in the colon. Treatment included proximal decompressive enterostomy with subsequent resection in 6 and primary resection in 11. Two died during attempts to restore GI continuity and one died from cardiac disease before any GI surgery. Morbidity occurred in six. Various stages of wound healing from acute inflammation to dense fibrosis were found in pathologic specimens. Fibrosis was most marked in the submucosa and most consistently found in specimens resected 3 mo after the acute episode of NEC. Intestinal stricture develops in 6%-33% of the infants with previous NEC. Eighty percent of these strictures are colonic, 30% are left sided, and 15% are multiple. Multiple lesions are exclusively colonic. Histology varies with age of lesion. The predominant feature of stricture is submucosal fibrosis. Strictures less than 3 mo old still have acute inflammatory disease, older strictures are mature and fibrotic. The best diagnostic tools are a high index of suspicion and a barium enema. An intestinal stricture should be suspected in any infant with a past history of NEC and: (1) symptoms of obstruction or failure to thrive; (2) previous exteriorization or proximal diversion of acute or chronic NEC lesions; or (3) peritoneal drainage under local anesthesia for NEC perforation. Treatment should be tailored to the infant's condition and the time elapsed since the acute NEC episode. Resection of the stricture must be complete otherwise recurrence or leak is unlikely. Intestinal diversion with a 3-6-mo delay before reconstruction appears safer in the child with little margin for error. Earlier restoration of blood flow and cessation of intestinal function during the acute episode of NEC might reduce the incidence of stricture. PMID- 7277136 TI - Surgical complications of Kawasaki disease. AB - Four of 10 cases of Kawasaki disease (KD), mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, seen from 1975 to 1980 had serious surgical complications. These included gallbladder obstruction, massive necrosis of gallbladder, liver, duodenum, jejunum, and necrosis of digits of both hands. Less serious necrosis of adrenals, testes, bladder, and stomach were seen. The operative mortality rate was 25%. The etiology is unknown. The average age was 2 yr. There was no sex preponderance. The essential lesion is an arteritis and periarteritis initially involving small arteries and later the medium and large vessels. PMID- 7277137 TI - Results of bowel resection for Crohn's disease in the young. AB - Thirty patients (21 boys and 9 girls) underwent bowel resections for Crohn's disease from 1965 to 1979. They ranged in age from 6 to 18 yr. The follow-up period varied from 3 mo to 14 yr. There were no deaths. Seventeen developed clinical or radiologic evidence of recurrent Crohn's disease. Seven of these required reoperation and six are now well without sign of further recurrence. Eleven of 18 achieved catch-up growth in weight; 10 of 15 achieved catch-up growth in height. At the time of follow-up four had active disease, seven had evidence of recurrence but were generally well, and 19 were well without any evidence of recurrence. PMID- 7277138 TI - Epidermoid cyst of the spleen. PMID- 7277139 TI - The vulnerability of the vas deferens. AB - Transection of the vas deferens is considered a disaster, but other manipulations may have unpredictable and hitherto undocumented effects. In order to delineate the structural changes in the vas deferens after operative manipulation, 40 Wistar rats (300-500 g) were divided into four groups and subjected to four different operative manipulations (grasping with fingers, nontoothed Adson forceps, bulldog vascular clamp, clamping with "mosquito" hemostat). Histologic studies performed at 6 wk postmanipulation demonstrated a variable intra- and transmural inflammatory reaction in all groups. Thirty percent of the specimens grasped by the forceps showed disruption of the muscle wall. One-hundred percent of the specimens clamped by the hemostat showed mural disruption and marked inflammatory reaction; in addition 30% had an associated abscess. Therefore all manipulation of the vas deferens should be minimized to avoid triggering inflammation and secondary obstruction. Grasping with a nontoothed forceps results in appreciable damage. Clamping with a hemostat is as serious as complete transection. PMID- 7277140 TI - Testicular feminization syndrome (androgen insensitivity). AB - Three children with testicular feminization syndrome have been seen in the past 4 yr. Each presented with at least one large inguinal hernia. The gonad was proven to be a testis by frozen section. Gonadectomy and herniorrhaphy were done. The plan is to remove the second gonad after puberty. The causation and genetics of this condition are briefly discussed. PMID- 7277141 TI - Assessment of hepatic function after hepato-porto-enterostomy for biliary atresia using Tc-diethyl-IDA. AB - A quantifiable biliary function index has been developed from analysis of hepatic time--activity curves. Diethyl-IDA, a technetium-labeled iminodiacetic acid was given intravenously 27 times in 11 patients with proven biliary atresia. An estimated bile bilirubin clearance index derived from the inscribed hepatic absorption and elimination curves appears to be a reliable indicator of bile bilirubin clearance. The actual bile bilirubin clearance, previously shown to be a major determinant of survival, was clinically correlated in five patients studied before and after surgery and confirms the experimental findings. The clearance index should allow objective assessment of the efficacy of surgery for biliary atresia. PMID- 7277142 TI - Reappraisal of endorectal pull-through procedure. I. Anorectal malformations. AB - Postoperative continence in anorectalmalformations was assessed by clinical score, rectoanal manometry, and electromyography. The results in low deformities operated by perineal rectoplasty showed "good" clinical scores, good preservation of the rectoanal reflex, and good electrical activity of the external sphincter. High deformities, on the other hand, showed low clinical scores, poor recordings of the rectoanal reflex, and diminished electrical activity around the anus. Analysis of high deformities treated by operative procedures, however, indicated better clinical scores and better preservation of rectoanal reflex in those who had undergone the endorectal pull-through procedure (Rehbein) than those who had had an abdominoperineal pull-through procedure. Furthermore, dissections of newborns with a rectourethral fistula revealed the presence of the puborectalis sling around the terminal rectum and fistula in a hammock fashion. This finding supports our suggestion that the colon can be safely pulled-through within the sling by the original Rehbein procedure without sacral dissection. PMID- 7277143 TI - Hirschsprung's disease: long-term results of the original Duhamel operation. AB - Thirty children with Hirschsprung's disease were operated on according to Duhamel's original procedure during the period 1959-1963. At follow-up examination in 1965, fecaloma formation and functional disturbances, mainly soiling, were common. At subsequent follow-up study in 1978, it was found that these disorders had either decreased markedly or completely disappeared. On the basis of this experience, it is concluded that fecaloma is amenable to treatment and does not constitute a long-term problem; soiling, although initially usual, improves substantially with time; urinary incontinence is rare, and transient and rectal sensation is not impaired. PMID- 7277145 TI - Intestinal leiomyosarcoma in childhood--case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7277144 TI - Postcibal gastroesophageal reflux in children. AB - The effect of eating on childhood gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is unclear. Twenty-eight asymptomatic children and 28 children with symptoms of GER were fed apple juice or milk-formula and observed for 3 hr postcibal. Distal esophageal pH was monitored continuously during this interval and used to quantitate the frequency and duration of GER. A period of frequent GER occurred for up to 2 hr after apple juice feedings in asymptomatic children, whereas symptomatic patients had frequent GER for longer periods. Compared to apple juice feedings, milk formula feedings resulted in a decreased esophageal acidity for the first 2 hr. However, the type of feeding did not affect GER seen in asymptomatic children more than 2 hr postcibal. The frequency and duration of postcibal GER were not reduced by the upright position in either group. Effective medical treatment of symptomatic children did not eliminate the frequent GER within 2 hr of apple juice feedings, whereas the Nissen fundoplication usually eliminated all GER. The absence of GER episodes following apple juice correlated with the inability of most children to burp or vomit following antireflux surgery. Therefore, frequent GER for up to 2 hr after clear liquid meals is probably physiologic in children. The effective control of vomiting by medical or surgical therapy correlated best with a decrease in GER more than 2 hr postcibal. PMID- 7277146 TI - Paraesophageal hernia: a major complication of Nissen's fundoplication. AB - Paraesophageal hernia was a major complication in a number of patients who were treated surgically for gastroesophageal reflux by fundoplication. This major complication seems to be predominant in the pediatric age group. The best surgical treatment for gastroesophageal reflux, whether a hiatus hernia is involved or not, is still uncertain. As with many other surgical problems where we must find a compromise, several surgical techniques are adopted. The choice of the surgical approach may depend upon the indications. As the indications for surgery are precise, the results must be reached with the utmost certainty, particularly hen complications already exist (esophagitis, stricture). The results of operative treatment of gastroesophageal reflux are in part, at least, influenced by the considerable tendency to spontaneous improvement, particularly in infants. In most cases, nonoperative treatment is initially undertaken if there are no prior complications. The number of children who are surgically treated depends to a great extent upon the accuracy of this conservative treatment. PMID- 7277147 TI - The role of sigmoidoscopy, radiographs, and colonoscopy in the diagnostic evaluation of pediatric age patients with suspected juvenile polyps. AB - Juvenile polyps are the most common cause of painless hematochezia in pediatric Age patients after the first year of life. This study evaluated the role of rigid proctosigmoidoscopy, air contrast barium enema examinations, and colonoscopy in the diagnostic approach to 43 such patients. During sigmoidoscopy, polyps were removed from 31 children. On subsequent barium enema examination, more proximal lesions were found in only 4 of these 31 patients, but were seen in 7 of the 12 children who had negative sigmoidoscopic evaluations. Fourteen children had colonoscopy performed. This group included the latter 12 patients plus 2 of the former 4 who again developed hematochezia. Polypectomies were done during 11 of these procedures. Eight of these 11 children had proximal lesions seen during radiographic studies. The diagnostic approach to pediatric age patients with painless hematochezia should include an initial rigid sigmoidoscopic examination. Barium enema evaluation should be reserved for those patients requiring colonoscopy. The latter examination should be performed in all children who have had negative sigmoidoscopic examinations plus those who have had polyps removed from the rectum and then again develop hematochezia. PMID- 7277149 TI - Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising within a congenital bronchogenic cyst in a child. PMID- 7277148 TI - Delayed presentation of congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia: a dramatic cause of failure to thrive. PMID- 7277150 TI - Acute intestinal obstruction caused by an intramural hematoma secondary to an inflamed Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 7277151 TI - Congenital vascular band between the ileum and gallbladder producing intermittent partial small bowel obstruction. PMID- 7277153 TI - Prevascular femoral hernia with ectopic testis in an infant. PMID- 7277152 TI - Distal esophageal atresia with meconium peritonitis. PMID- 7277154 TI - Acute acalculous cholecystitis in an infant: a case report. PMID- 7277155 TI - Use of military antishock trouser in a child. AB - Angiographic localization and embolization has emerged as the preferred mode of therapy for arterial bleeding associated with pelvic fractures but is not always definitive. Our experience demonstrates the use of an external counter pressure device (MAST) as an essential part of the pediatric surgeon's armamentarium and suggests the need for concurrent venography during angiographic localization of pelvic bleeding sites. PMID- 7277157 TI - Simplified closure of the long-standing gastrostomy. PMID- 7277158 TI - Treatment strategies for infants with malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma. AB - Twelve children with malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma containing embryonal carcinoma, were treated at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1971 and 1980. Their ages at diagnosis ranged from 2 days to 23 mo; 8 of the 12 (67%) were girls. Five of the 12 patients presented with localized tumors which were grossly completely excised. Four received no further therapy, and all 4 recurred with histologically documented embryonal carcinoma. Despite subsequent treatment with radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy (vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide, collectively called VAC, in all 4 plus adriamycin in 3, only 1 has survived free of disease, 8 yr from diagnosis. The other 3 died of tumor (2) or pneumonia after pulmonary RT (1). The fifth patient in this group received VAC with adriamycin (total dose, 350 mg/sq m) and died of autopsy-proven cardiotoxicity without tumor. The remaining 7 patients presented with either unresectable local tumor (3) or distant metastases (4). One of these 7 died 6 days after biopsy with massive liver metastases. The other 6 children were treated after operation with VAC (5) or vincristine and actinomycin D (1) chemotherapy, and 5 also received RT to the pelvis. One has survived free of disease at 6 yr after treatment with VAC and adriamycin and pelvic RT, but the other 5 died of tumor (2) or of pneumonia after pulmonary RT (3). Surgery alone is inadequate for successful management of children with malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma. Chemotherapy with VAC, with or without adriamycin, can be effective when combined with radiation, but fatal pulmonary toxicity can result from such combined therapy. The optimal therapeutic program for children with malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma is still evolving. PMID- 7277156 TI - Acute pancreatitis and increased intracranial pressure. AB - A retrospective review of 41 patients with post-mortem evidence of acute pancreatitis revealed that 19 patients (46%) showed concomitant evidence of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). A prospective analysis of five patients with increased ICP demonstrated two patients with evidence of acute pancreatitis. The pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis in these patients appears to be dependent on the following risk factors: increased intracranial pressure, steroids, hypovolemia, morphine infusion and hypothermia. These factors increase vagal stimulation, predispose to pancreatic duct obstruction and enhance cellular hypoperfusion. Acute pancreatitis occurring in Reye's Syndrome is probably a consequence of increased ICP and the therapy instituted. PMID- 7277159 TI - The liver and immunoregulation of neuroblastoma growth. AB - C1300 neuroblastoma, like human neuroblastoma, elicits an immune response in its host and as a result provides an animal model in which to study the enigmatic behavior of this common childhood tumor. Since the liver is a favored site for neuroblastoma metastasis, especially the favorably regressing IV-S stage, and since the liver is a known producer of immunoregulatory factors, this study report a systematic assessment of liver cell tumor cell interaction, the effect on tumor immunogenicity, and the potential for tumor growth control. Immunization excision-challenge assays in 120 A/J mice with C1300 demonstrate the tumor to be antigenic; but in a second experimental sequence with 120 mice, normal whole liver cells were admixed with C1300 tumor cells in vitro and incubated for one hour prior to animal innoculation. The immunogenicity is dramatically minimized in the admixture group when compared with controls (antigenic ratio = 1.67 versus 3.07, p less than .02). However, if prior to such liver cell-tumor cell admixture the liver cells are sonicated and the lysate ultracentrifuged, a contrasting result is obtained. In 4 additional experiments utilizing 120 mice, the tumor cell is rendered a more potent immunogen following soluble fraction admixture (antigenic ratio = 1.99 versus 1.56, p less than .05). These data suggest that such whole cell and subcellular soluble factor immunoregulatory interactions are operative in determining immunogenicity of a tumor innoculation. We speculate that the progression or regression of clinical neuroblastoma within the liver may be similarly influenced since a host-tumor interaction depends on eliciting an antitumor response to an antigenic stimulus. PMID- 7277160 TI - A rationale for routine use of transverse abdominal incisions in infants and children. AB - Although transverse abdominal incisions (TAI) are valued for their excellent exposure in the newborn, infant, and child, measurements to support this clinical impression have been lacking. The abdomens of 80 infants and children and 11 premature infants were measured and evaluated and correlated with growth. It was demonstrated that the younger the child, the relatively larger the abdominal cavity and wall. Because of the anatomical differences between the abdomen of adults and small children, the cavity of the latter resembles a horizontally oriented ellipsoid; accordingly, TAI give greater exposure. The younger the child, the larger proportionately was the costoiliac space, allowing easier lateral extension of the incision, if necessary. The umbilicus is low in infants and small children and the transverse supraumbilical incision may be placed over the anatomical center of the abdominal cavity. The conclusion drawn was that the younger the child, the greater the rationale for routinely employing transverse abdominal incisions. PMID- 7277161 TI - Infants with esophageal atresia weighing under 3 pounds. AB - In a consecutive series of 339 infants with esophageal atresia seen since 1953 first in Liverpool and subsequently in Zurich, 12 or 4% weighed under 3 lb (1360 g) at the time of operation. Four had severe additional malformations causing death in the immediate postoperative period. Before 1957, all the infants weighing under 3 lb died, but of the six infants weighing between 2 and 3 lb (910 and 1360 g) operated upon by the author since that time, five have recovered. The only fatality was caused by the wrong choice of operation. This is discussed in detail. There appear to be no reasons why even the smallest infant with esophageal atresia should not survive, provided certain precautions in the preoperative, operative, and postoperative management are taken. These special methods are discussed in detail with special reference to transport, intensive therapy management, and operative technique. Follow-up examinations of these infants show that their subsequent development has been perfectly normal. On the basis of these figures it is suggested that today, associated malformations, especially of the heart and brain, are the only causes of postoperative mortality in esophageal atresia and that infants with even extremely low birth weights should survive. PMID- 7277162 TI - Omphalocele: a prognostic classification. AB - A classification for infants born with an omphalocele is proposed that is based on the recognition of four syndromes and two common associated anomalies. The recognition of these syndromes and anomalies in our newborns with an omphalocele provided a better estimate of expected mortality and morbidity than the size of the omphalocele, preoperative rupture, delay in treatment, or low birth weight. This classification should aid the physician in determining priorities regarding the timing and type of treatment for the omphalocele itself. PMID- 7277163 TI - The etiology of spontaneous gastric perforation of the newborn: a reevaluation. AB - Twenty-eight infants with spontaneous neonatal gastric perforation are analyzed along with 10 newborn stomachs experimentally disrupted pneumatically at autopsy. Nineteen infants survived surgical closure of the perforation. Prematurity and delay in diagnosis were significant findings in the nonsurvivors. The location of the perforations and their gross and microscopic appearance led to the assumption that these perforations were mechanical disruptions. Comparison of the clinical material with the experimental material, and proven mechanical disruptions in the literature, along with theoretic considerations, are in support of this hypothesis. PMID- 7277164 TI - Malrotation - the ubiquitous anomaly. AB - Although anomalies of rotation and fixation of the gastrointestinal tract are recognized to be associated frequently with anomalies of the abdominal wall and diaphragmatic hernia, the frequency with which these common anomalies are associated with other congenital and acquired lesions of the gastrointestinal tract has not been sufficiently emphasized. Sixty-two percent of our series of 34 patients were associated with such lesions as upper gastrointestinal atresias and stenoses, intussusception, and Hirschsprung's disease. The embryologic and anatomic features of rotational anomalies, their clinical presentation, and radiologic features are presented with the suggestion that knowledge of this information, along with the appreciation of the frequent association of malrotation with other common congenital and acquired abnormalities, will help to prevent the devastating morbidity and mortality of undiagnosed midgut volvulus. PMID- 7277165 TI - Treatment of biliary atresia: a study of our operative results. AB - The operative results in 87 biliary atresia cases were investigated from the aspect of the histologic findings in the liver and the remnant of the extrahepatic bile ducts, and the details of the operative procedures. The degree of liver fibrosis, the liver cell changes, and the type of extrahepatic bile ducts are closely related to our operative results. Our operative results have been improving since 1977 due to the advancement of microsurgical techniques and a new type of operative procedure for prevention of ascending cholangitis. Twenty five of 29 cases (86.2%) surgically corrected are alive, showing bile excretion, and are in a satisfactory general condition. PMID- 7277166 TI - Bronchoscopy in childhood. AB - One hundred and seventeen patients underwent 183 bronchoscopies with no fatalities. Thirteen patients had complications related to their bronchoscopy and not the underlying disease state. Only the 33 patients with a diagnosis of foreign body aspiration had a high (88%) correlation of the preoperative diagnosis or condition and the postoperative findings. Fifty-one of the 117 patients had normal bronchoscopies and the number of normal bronchoscopies in patients who had wheezing, croup, hoarseness, stridor, and chronic cough was high. Assessing justification for bronchoscopies despite the negative correlation of pre- and postoperative diagnosis is difficult due to many factors, including pediatrician and parental anxiety, and the recognized consequences of missing a foreign body or other lesion in the airway of a child. Using liberal criteria for justification. fewer than 10% of the patients in this series had an unwarranted bronchoscopy, and the safety of the procedure would indicate that bronchoscopy in a pediatric medical center should be performed with minimal clinical justification. PMID- 7277167 TI - Congenital neuroblastoma, neuroblastoma in situ, and the normal fetal development of the adrenal. AB - In normal fetal development nodular collections of neuroblast cells were found in the adrenal glands from 7 wk gestation; there nodules increased in size and number, and in all specimens from fetuses of 14-18 wk gestation, aggregates of nodules closely resembling neuroblastoma in situ could be found. From about 12 wk gestation the large neuroblast nodules appear to split into smaller nodules and differentiation into chromaffin cells takes place. The mean nuclear size of neuroblasts at all stages of development studied was 4.25 +/- 0.84 mu, statistically significantly less than the mean nuclear size of the cells measured in 7 neonatal neuroblastomas. Measurement of nuclear size may be a way of distinguishing a true potentially malignant neuroblastoma in situ from a normal benign residual neuroblast nodule. PMID- 7277168 TI - Splenic-gonadal fusion: identification by radionuclide scanning. AB - Splenic-gonadal fusion is an unusual congenital anomaly resulting from the fusion of the splenic and gonadal anlagen at approximately the sixth week of gestation. A 14-mo-old male presenting with signs and symptoms of testicular torsion underwent scrotal exploration, and ectopic splenic tissue was found adjacent to the left testis. The operative diagnosis of splenic-gonadal fusion prompted abdominal scanning with 99mTc-sulfur colloid. The radionuclide image demonstrated an unusual pattern of activity that was consistent with surgical description of the intraabdominal appearance of this disorder. It is suggested that 99mTc-sulfur colloid scanning may prove to be a useful adjunct in the evaluation of patients with this anomaly. PMID- 7277169 TI - Antepartum fetal surveillance in the 1980's. PMID- 7277170 TI - Fetal scalp blood analysis. PMID- 7277171 TI - The future of fetal heart rate monitoring. PMID- 7277172 TI - Physiological insights based on fetal tcPO2 monitoring. PMID- 7277173 TI - Continuous fetal tissue pH monitoring in labor. PMID- 7277174 TI - Panel discussion: cesarean section. March of Dimes Symposium - perinatal care in the 1980's. November 17, 1980. PMID- 7277175 TI - Infections of the fetus and newborn infant. PMID- 7277176 TI - Type A behavior, academic aspirations, and academic success. AB - This study investigated the link between the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern and attainment of success in an academic setting. First semester college freshman were administered 3 sets of questionnaires during the course of the fall semester that were designed to assess academic activities, outside responsibilities, and importance of academic success. Indices of actual academic performance were obtained from university records. The hypotheses that Type A students (1) would be involved in more activities, (2) place greater importance on academic success, and (3) actually achieve higher performance levels than Type B students, were confirmed. In addition, the results found that compared to Type B, the Type A students perceived more parental pressure, came from higher SES families, and were more clear as to what was expected of them. Implications for further research are discussed. PMID- 7277177 TI - The effects of capsaicin on intestinal sodium and fluid transport. AB - Capsaicin, the pungent component of red pepper, was studied to determine its inhibitory effect on fluid and Na+ absorption using rat and hamster everted jejunal sacs. At a mucosal concentration of 140 mg% incubated for 60 min, capsaicin reduced the fluid transport into the serosal side by 14.8% in rat and 23.9% in hamster. Similarly, Na+ transport was also inhibited by 12.5% and 26.2% in rat and hamster, respectively. Such decrease in serosal sodium coincided with the increase in Na+ content of the gut wall and the intracellular Na+ concentration in the epithelial layer. It is, accordingly, concluded that capsaicin inhibits the Na+ exits through the serosal pole of the epithelium. These observations may also provide an explanation for the previously observed inhibition of glucose transport. PMID- 7277178 TI - Selective inhibition of nucleoside transport into mouse lymphoma L-5178Y cells by cimicfugoside. AB - Cimicifugoside, a triterpenoid from Cimicifuga simplex, is a potent inhibitor of thymidine-3H uptake by Raji cells, L-cells cl 1D cells, HeLa S3 cells and L-5178Y cells without affecting the growth rate of any cell type tested. It has also inhibited the uptake of purine and pyrimidine ribosides and deoxyribosides of adenosine, inosine, uridine and nucleoside analogs in L-5178Y cells. It did not inhibit phosphorylation of thymidine or adenosine, or the transport of nucleic acid bases, sugars, amino acids and arabinosyl analogs of nucleosides. The results suggest that cimicifugoside is a potent and selective inhibitor of nucleoside transport at the plasma membrane site of mammalian cells. PMID- 7277179 TI - The immune response of splenic lymphocytes after cimicifugoside treatment in vitro and pretreatment in vivo. AB - Pretreatment of mouse splenocytes with Shigella lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin A followed by 50 ng/ml of cimicifugoside resulted in a 69% and 31% inhibition of blastogenesis compared to controls. The plaque forming colony assay using sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) showed a decreased number of plaque forming colonies after exposure of the splenic cells to 1 microgram/ml of cimicifugoside. Cimicifugoside, 0.1 mg/mouse i.p. suppressed the anti-SRBC response in the plaque forming assay. The major inhibition of the antibody response occurred when cimicifugoside was administered 1 day before the primary immunization with SRBC. The delayed type hypersensitivity to picryl chloride was suppressed after i.v. administration of cimicifugoside, 1.0-2.0 mg/mouse. The immunosuppressive activity of cimicifugoside is preferentially directed toward B-cell function with larger doses being required for suppression of T-cell function. PMID- 7277180 TI - Effects of aminoguanidine sulfate on the incorporation of amino acids and bases into chick embryonic liver and body. AB - Aminoguanidine sulfate (AGS) produces a peculiar anomaly in the liver of chick embryos. Incorporation of amino acids and bases into the liver and body was investigated to clarify the mechanism of this effect. After chick embryos of White Leghorns were injected with AGS on the 5th day of incubation, 3H-thymidine (3H-T), 3H-uridine (3H-U), 14C-glycine (14C-G) and 14C-leucine (14C-L) were each injected once into the albumen at a specified time from the 5th day to the 8th day of incubation. Incorporation of 3H-T into the liver was markedly reduced in the nuclear (or DNA) fraction, apparently being inhibited at 3 to 6 hr, while incorporation into the body was only slightly affected. Incorporation of 3H-U into RNA was only slightly affected in the liver 24 hr after injection, while incorporation into the body did not differ from control. Incorporation of 14C-G was remarkably reduced with AGS both in the liver and body protein, and the degree of inhibition was around 26-52% at 3 or 24 hr. Incorporation of 14C-L, however, was reduced only in the liver, and became pronounced on the 8th or the 9th day of incubation. The primary action AGS seems to be on nucleoprotein synthesis; namely, on inhibition of DNA synthesis. Those findings are discussed, through comparison of histopathological observations. PMID- 7277181 TI - Interaction of indomethacin and aspirin or mepirizole in rats as shown by gastrointestinal ulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. AB - The interaction of indomethacin and aspirin or mepirizole was studied in rats. Concomitant oral administration of aspirin and indomethacin had no significant influence on the gastro-ulcerogenicity of indomethacin alone, but caused significantly less intestinal damage than an identical dose of indomethacin alone. In proportion to the inhibitory activity of intestinal lesions, aspirin also showed the activity that antagonized significantly the shortening of small intestinal length, loss of body weight and delay of charcoal transport in the intestine induced by indomethacin alone. Aspirin tended to reduce also the anti inflammatory and analgesic effects of indomethacin in combined administration. On the other hand, mepirizole significantly reduced both gastric and intestinal ulcerogenicities by indomethacin alone in concomitant oral administration and inhibited dose-dependently the incidence and severity of those lesions. The inhibitory activity of gastrointestinal lesions by mepirizole was in proportion to the activities that antagonized the shortening of the small intestine, loss of body weight and delay of charcoal transport by indomethacin. Moreover, in contrast to aspirin, mepirizole exerted more potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in combined administration than in the single administration of indomethacin. Therefore, aspirin reduced both the intestinal side effect and the anti-inflammatory effect induced by indomethacin in combination, while the combination of mepirizole reduced the gastrointestinal side effects by indomethacin alone, but seemed to be additive in the anti-inflammatory effect. PMID- 7277182 TI - Binding of several loop diuretics to serum albumin and human serum from patients with renal failure and liver disease. AB - The binding of the new diuretic piretanide and two other diuretics (furosemide and bumetanide) to serum proteins (especially albumin) was studied using the in vitro equilibrium dialysis method. Piretanide and bumetanide, similar to each other in chemical structure, were almost equal in the binding constant to purified albumin, while the binding constant of furosemide was greater than that of the other two diuretics. The binding of these loop diuretics in the dilutions of the sera from healthy adults and patients with renal failure or liver disease was also studied by the same method. Protein binding of the drugs was markedly reduced in patients with renal failure. The cause could only partly be explained by some structural changes in the serum albumin molecules of these patients and influences of endogeneous substances present in serum. PMID- 7277183 TI - Electrophysiological effects of a new antiarrhythmic agent, lorcainide, on the isolated cardiac muscle fiber as compared with disopyramide. AB - Electrophysiological effects of a new antiarrhythmic agent, lorcainide, were studied in the isolated guinea pig ventricular myocardium and were compared with those of disopyramide; some of the experiments were also made by using the canine ventricular myocardium. Both lorcainide and disopyramide selectively depressed the maximum rate of rise of the action potential with little effect on the resting and overshooting potential. The action potential duration tended to be shortened slightly, and the prolongation of the refractory period produced by these agents was only slight. Both agents did not produce the substantial modification of the slow response produced by isoproterenol in the depolarized muscle at the concentrations enough to depress the maximum rate of rise of the action potential. Both agents also produced the marked depression of the rate of the action potential of the canine ventricular muscle, and the conduction velocity measured in the canine false tendon was markedly decreased by both agents. It was concluded that both lorcainide and disopyramide are typical Class I agents according to the classification proposed by Vaughan Williams and that lorcainide is about 10 times (at least 3 times) more potent than disopyramide in this respect. PMID- 7277184 TI - Experimental partial sympathicotonia, and effects of some drugs on it in restraint and water immersion stressed animals. AB - The contractile response to acetylcholine (ACh) of the isolated duodenum from the restraint and water immersion stressed (RWIS) mouse was found to be enhanced by the stress for 1 hr and reach a maximum in 3 hr stress followed by a decrease. It was clarified that this rise in the response is not due to the change in the affinity to ACh but due to the increase of the intrinsic activity. The contractile response to KC1 was augmented only when concentration of KC1 was high, While the response to BaCl2 was little enhanced in the stressed animal. The relaxing response to noradrenaline (NA) of the isolated duodenum from rat, on the other hand, was reduced by the stress. Such reduced response to NA was observed to be more marked than the enhanced response to ACh in the vas deferens isolated from the stressed animal. The pretreatment to the RWIS mouse with either antiadrenergic or cholinergic drugs resulted in the clear-cut blockade of the enhancement of response to ACh of the isolated duodenum from this animal. These results contrasted to the effects on the reduced response to ACh of the isolated duodenum from the SART stressed (repeated cold stressed) mouse. The pre administration of psychotropic drugs showed marked suppression on the enhancement of response of the duodenum of the RWIS animal, though there was a quantitative difference between the RWIS and SART animals. The pretreatment with a neurosedative, Neurotropin (NSP) was also found to show similarly marked suppressive action. From these results, it was considered that the duodenum and the vas deferens of the RWIS animal are in the state of the sympathicotonia, namely partial sympathicotonia. PMID- 7277185 TI - Evaluation of a new sustained release theophylline formulation by the measurements of salivary levels of the drug in humans. AB - Dry agar beads containing theophylline were prepared. The release rate of theophylline from the agar beads in vitro was smaller than the dissolution rate of the drug from pure drug powders. The salivary levels of the drug following oral administration of the agar beads to three healthy volunteers were determined by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Results of pharmacokinetic analyses indicated sustained absorption of the drug following the administration of the agar beads. PMID- 7277186 TI - Antagonism of KW-5338 (domperidone) against emesis and depression of intestinal motility induced by L-DOPA. AB - KW-5338 (domperidone), a new dopamine antagonist, is considered to be an agent to cross the blood-brain barrier with difficulty. The antagonistic activities of KW 5338 against L-DOPA were investigated, KW-5338 showed a strong anti-emetic action against L-DOPA induced emesis in beagle dogs (ED50=0.056 mg/kg (p.o.)) and restored the L-DOPA induced depression of intestinal motility to some extent, while it did not antagonize anti-tremorine activities of L-DOPA and trihexyphenidyl in mice. These results suggest that KW-5338 prevents side effects of L-DOPA such as nausea, vomiting and constipation, without reduction in therapeutic effects of L-DOPA in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7277187 TI - Effects of KW-5338 (domperidone) on gastric motility. AB - The effects of KW-5338 (domperidone) on gastric motility were studied by the balloon method in pentobarbital anesthetized mongrel dogs. KW-5338 was found to enhance the antrum motility. Its enhancement pattern showed the following characteristics: (1) The tonus was not affected, (2) the contraction pressure increased, (3) the frequency of contraction decreased slightly, and (4) the enhancement was long lasting. Metoclopramide showed strong but short enhancement of antrum motility. KW-5338 augmented also the gastric body motility, although the enhancement pattern was different from that in the antrum: (1) The action did not last so long, and (2) an increase in tonus was observed. The augmentation of the gastric motility by KW-5338 was observed even after vagotomy and splanchnicotomy, but it was weaker and shorter than in the intact state. THe KW 5338 induced augmentation was diminished by tetrodotoxin treatment. The gastric relaxation response to dopamine was blocked by KW-5338. These results show that KW-5338 activates the gastric motility not only by central mechanism but also by stimulation to intramural neurons. The dopamine blocking activity of KW-5338 might play some role in the enhancement of gastric motility. PMID- 7277189 TI - Degradation of histamine in the presence of ascorbic acid and Cu2+ ion; involvement of hydrogen peroxide. AB - In the presence, but not in the absence of Cu2+, ascorbate decomposes histamine in citrate phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 37 degrees, but not at 0 degrees. The breakdown is completely inhibited by catalase, but only slightly by superoxide dismutase, and scavengers of OH. like benzoic acid, ethanol or potassium iodide. A1 O2 scavenger, alpha-tocopherol also did not show significant effects on the reaction. On the other hand, addition of H2O2 to the reaction mixture markedly enhances the rate of histamine breakdown induced by ascorbate or ascorbate-Cu2+ systems. However, H2O2 alone cannot breakdown histamine even in the presence of Cu2+. Histamine breakdown induced by ascorbate appears to be dependent upon the autooxidation of this vitamin. From these results and the findings reported by Chatterjee et al. that the products of its aerobic oxidation, dehydroascorbic acid and H2O2 were ineffective in reacting with histamine in the presence of Cu2+, it is concluded that the combination of H2O2 and the intermediate of ascorbate oxidation (monodehydroascorbic acid or other unstable species), both of which are produced during the autooxidation of ascorbate, plays a major role in the histamine transformation by ascorbate-Cu2+ system. PMID- 7277188 TI - Effect of heparin injection on plasma protein binding of 1-anilino-8 naphthalenesulfonate and salicylate in rats. AB - After intravenous injection of heparin, the plasma protein binding of 1-anilino-8 naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) was remarkably decreased in rats. This effect occurred within one min after the injection of 1000 units/kg of heparin and lasted for about 30 min. The change in the binding of ANS was closely related to the plasma concentration of free acids (FFA), which was suggested as one of the heparin induced inhibitors. The free fatty fraction of salicylate in plasma after the intravenous injection of heparin, has a pronounced variation, and also had a statistically significantly correlation with the plasma free fraction of ANS. It was suggested that ANS might be useful for the prediction of the heparin-induced changes in the plasma protein binding of acidic drugs. PMID- 7277190 TI - Characteristic biotransformation of aminopyrine in rat when administered with barbital. AB - After the administration of aminopyrine with or without barbital to rats, aminopyrine and its main metabolites were detected in plasma and the brain by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was clarified that a marked increase of 4-monomethylaminoantipyrine was observed in the case of coadministration of aminopyrine and barbital, while the plasma level of aminopyrine decreased significantly compared with single administration. PMID- 7277191 TI - Effect of taurine on drug absorption from the rat gastrointestinal tract. AB - Effect of taurine on drug absorption from the rat gastrointestinal tract was investigated by using in situ loop method for the stomach and in situ recirculation method for the small or large intestine. Aspirin absorption from the stomach or the small intestine was enhanced by the presence of taurine, but not from the large intestine. The absorption enhancement effect of taurine was not only site-specific, but also substrate-specific. Taurine increased the absorption of aminopyrine from the small intestine, but not from the stomach. On the other hand, the absorption of salicylamide, o-methoxybenzoic acid and o ethoxybenzoic acid was enhanced in the stomach, although they were not influenced in the small intestine. Furthermore, among the taurine analogues investigated only homotaurine showed the taurine-like action in the small intestine. Glycine also increased the gastric absorption of aspirin. These effects were observed neither by the pretreatment of the intestine with taurine, nor by i.v. administered taurine. Taurine at the site of drug absorption, even at a low concentration, seems to influence the drug absorption due to its effect on the permeability characteristics of the mucosal membrane. PMID- 7277192 TI - Dose dependency of apparent volumes of distribution for methylene blue in rabbits. AB - The binding of methylene blue (MB) and chlordiazepoxide (CDP) to rabbit plasma was determined by ultrafiltration. The fractions (f) unbound of these two drugs to the plasma were about 23--29 ad 6--12%, respectively. These fvalues were comparable to binding data of these two drugs to bovine serum albumin. The results supported the previous suggestion stating that protein binding would partly account for relatively high value of apparent volume of distribution (Vd') for MB. Therefore, in order to investigate the distributive profile for MB as compared with that for CDP, pharmacokinetic parameters for MB and CDP were estimated from plasma concentration--time data following simultaneous intravenous administration by a bolus injection and by a contrast rate infusion in rabbits. The Vd' for MB was found to be dependent of dose in contrast with that for CDP by the infusion experiments at three different doses. These evidences assume that MB would be bound to and/or adsorbed on some biological components other than plasma protein. PMID- 7277193 TI - Binding of 2-(4'-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid to bovine serum albumin characterized by optical spectroscopy and equilibrium dialysis. AB - Binding of 2-(4'-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (HABA) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by equilibrium dialysis, by the spectrophotometric method and by the absorption spectra of bound HABA. Comparison of equilibrium dialysis with the spectrophotometric method clarified the presence of a undisclosed class of binding sites, which do not cause the spectral change at about 480 nm to HABA, on BSA. Two bands observed on the absorption spectra of bound HABA were attributed to differently perturbed two HABA molecules by BSA, the azo and hydrazone forms, and these two forms correspond to HABA molecules bound to non-metachromasy sites and metachromasy sites, respectively. The concentration of each from was calculated by using estimated molar extinction coefficient. PMID- 7277194 TI - Effects of monoamines injected into the hippocampus on hippocampal seizure discharges in the rabbit. AB - The effects of intrahippocampally administered catechol- and indoleamines on the two types of hippocampal seizure discharges elicited by electrical and chemical stimulation were examined in unanesthetized rabbits. The catecholamines norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), injected into the hippocampus in doses of 100--200 micrograms, inhibited electrically induced hippocampal seizure discharges with a 50% increase in the stimulation threshold. However 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) at doses of 50 micrograms to 100 micrograms caused no effect on electrically induced seizure discharges. On the contrary, 5-HT and 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) at a dose of 50 micrograms potentiated carbachol (5 micrograms)-induced hippocampal seizure discharges, prolonging the duration of seizure discharge three times the control. NE and DA had no effect on this chemically induced hippocampal discharges. It is therefore suggested that the effects of monoamines on hippocampal seizure discharges are very much dependent on the type of stimulation employed for the induction of this phenomenon. PMID- 7277195 TI - Competitive nephelometric immunoassay of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite in patient blood plasma. AB - We have prepared anti-carbamazepine antiserum and developed a competitive nephelometric immunoassay for the determination of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite in patient blood plasma. The antiserum was raised by immunization of a rabbit with a carbamazepine (bovine serum albumin) conjugate. A carbamazepine (human serum albumin) conjugate was used as an assay reagent. Carbamazepine and its epoxide inhibited competitively and almost equally the immunoprecipitation of the carbamazepine-(human serum albumin) conjugate. Therefore carbamazepine and its epoxide could be determined by the measurement of the scattered light from the immunoprecipitate in assay solution on a laser nephelometer. Patient plasma specimens were analyzed, and the values correlated well to those determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography. The epoxide concentrations were considerably lower than therapeutic carbamazepine concentrations, which was certified by the chromatographic results. This immunoassay was rapid (incubation time: within 20 min), simple and precise (coefficient of variation: less than 6%), and required as little as 6 microliters of plasma, and seemed suitable for routine monitoring of carbamazepine. PMID- 7277196 TI - Determination of calcium ions effluxed from smooth muscle into Ca2+-free physiological solution by means of Ca2+-selective electrode. AB - In order to measure Ca2+ efflux from the smooth muscle into a Ca2+-free physiological solution, the method using a Radiometer Ca2+-sensitive electrode was applied and compared with the method using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer to examine its usefulness. The results obtained show that the Ca2+ electrode used here can accurately and continuously monitor free calcium ions effluxed from the smooth muscle into a Ca2+-free solution. The Ca2+ sensitive electrode used here is a useful tool to investigate Ca2+ efflux from the smooth muscle into a Ca2+-free physiological solution. PMID- 7277197 TI - The correlation between drug binding to the human erythrocyte and its hemolytic activity. AB - Cationic phenothiazine derivatives, anionic anthranilic acid derivatives and fluorescent probe 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) which had hemolytic activities were used to investigate hemolysis of human erythrocyte. The observed hemolytic activities of drugs could divided into two categories: (1) the difference of the binding activity of drugs to the erythrocyte and (2) the difference of the membrane perturbation activity of drugs bound to the erythrocyte. The human erythrocyte had two kinds of binding sites for any drug used. The first site of them was already saturated before hemolysis occurred and the second site of them may play an important role in hemolysis by these drugs. PMID- 7277198 TI - The behavior of pentaerythritol tetranicotinate in rat gastrointestinal tract as a prodrug. AB - The gas chromatographic assay method for pentaerythritol tetranicotinate, a nicotinic acid prodrug, and its hydrolysates was developed. The behavior of the drug in gastrointestinal tract was investigated in rat by using the method. The disappearance and hydrolysis of the drug were not observed in the gastric loop until 30 min. The rate of disappearance from the intestinal loop was 36.7% at 30 min which was significantly smaller than that of nicotinic acid. Little hydrolysis of the drug was observed in the buffer solution, pH 7.4, at 37 degrees up to 2 hr. However, the consecutive hydrolysis was observed when the drug was incubated with everted intestine or plasma. As to the rate of hydrolysis of the drug and its esterform hydrolysates by scraped intestinal mucosa, the ester to which the larger number of nicotinic acid was bound was hydrolyzed more rapidly. These results indicate that the orally administered drug is enzymatically hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa by a consecutive reaction. Although the hydrolysis rate of pentaerythritol tetranicotinate is rapid, the rate of its ester-form hydrolysate becomes slower gradually as the nicotinic acid is released. The released nicotinic acid is rapidly absorbed. The behavior of the drug revealed in this study suggests that pentaerythritol tetranicotinate is useful as a prodrug of nicotinic acid. PMID- 7277199 TI - Nonlinear first-pass metabolism of propranolol in the rat. AB - The mean hepatic extraction ratio (ER) of propranolol depending on the inflowing blood concentration to the liver was estimated directly by simultaneous measurements of arterial, hepatoportal, and hepatic venous blood concentrations of the drug following intravenous, intraportal, and intraduodenal administration in the rat. It was shown that the inflowing blood concentration to the liver caused considerable variation depending on the route of administration. The mean hepatic extraction ratio of propranolol in the first pass through the liver (ER)fipv and that of the drug after escaping the hepatic first-pass metabolism (ER)ripv were assessed by simultaneous administration of intraportal unlabelled propranolol and intravenous 14C-propranolol over a 50-min period. Consequently, a relation of (ER)fipv less than (ER)ipv less than (ER)ripv was observed in higher propranolol doses, if (ER)ipv refers to the overall mean hepatic extraction ratio following intraportal administration of propranolol. The fraction of orally administered dose reaching the systemic circulation for a drug exhibiting nonlinear hepatic first-pass metabolism was discussed. The unusual AUC-dose relationship of propranolol reported previously in the rat could be explained on the basis of both the nonlinear hepatic first-pass metabolism and the nonlinear hepatic metabolism of drug surviving the hepatic first-pass metabolism. PMID- 7277200 TI - Protective effects of cyclodextrins on drug-induced hemolysis in vitro. AB - beta-Cyclodextrin (beta-CyD) significantly protected the human erythrocytes from hemolysis and shape changes induced with chlorpromazine and flufenamic acid in isotonic solution. A good correlation between the stability constants of inclusion complexes (beta- greater than gamma- greater than alpha-CyD) and the inhibitory effects on drug-induced hemolysis was found. From the observations of drug uptake into erythrocytes and changes in surface tension, the protective effects of CyDs appeared to be due to the decrease in effective concentration of drug through inclusion complexation rather than the direct interaction of CyDs with erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7277201 TI - Metabolism of isoniazid and free hydrazine formation in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Isoniazid (INH) was incubated with isolated rat hepatocytes, and the amounts of acetyl-INH, monoacetylhydrazine, diacetylhydrazine and hydrazine formed were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequent analyses of kinetic parameters of metabolic pathways and enzymological study of rat liver homogenate revealed that hydrazine was formed preferentially from INH, catalyzed by soluble hydrolytic enzymes. PMID- 7277202 TI - Some quantitative evaluation of first-pass metabolism of salicylamide in rabbit and rat. AB - The first-pass metabolism of salicylamide (SAM) was studied in rabbits and rats paying main attention to the amounts of the glucuronide (SAMG) and sulfate (SAMS) formed. The roles of the intestine and liver for SAMG and SAMS formation during the first-pass were also examined quantitatively. Further, an equation was developed to estimate the hepatic first-pass metabolism based on the experiments of intravenous and oral administration and intestinal perfusion experiment. Significant species differences were found in these two animals. The extent of the first-pass metabolism was larger in rabbits (ca95%) than in rats (ca60%). Of the 95% first-pass metabolism in rabbits, about 30% is due to the intestine whereas the remaining 65% is due to the liver. Of the 60% in rats, about 20 and 40% are estimated to be due to the intestinal and hepatic first-pass metabolism, respectively. In rabbits SAMG and SAMS are formed together in nearly equal amounts in the liver and at the ratio 4 : 1 in the intestine. In rats, on the other hand, SAMG is exclusively formed in the intestine and SAMS in the liver. In this context, the equation described here was applied to the data of Gugler et al. (J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 195, 416-423 (1975)) who carried out a study on the first-pass metabolism of SAM in dogs, and consequently, reported that glucuronidation occurs primarily in the liver whereas sulfation occurs primarily in the intestine in dogs. PMID- 7277203 TI - Selective monitoring of physical sensations. AB - Two experiments demonstrated that the experience of physical sensations is the result of hypothesis-guided selective search and encoding. In the first experiment, subjects listened to a stimulus that was said to increase, decrease, or have no effect on skin temperature. The results indicated that subjects selectively monitored only those changes in skin temperature congruent with the experimentally induced hypotheses, thus resulting in self-reports of change in skin temperature in the suggested directions. Two replications using heart rate and nasal congestion-which imposed search strategies-produced comparable results. In Experiment 2, subjects viewed a heartbeat chart and assessed the degree to which a hypothetical drug influenced a target person's heart rate. Perceptions of change in heart rate were influenced by both experimentally induced hypotheses as well as subjects' perceptions of their own heart rate. That is, if prior to the experiment subjects believed their own pulse was accelerated, they were more likely to perceive the graphed heartbeat accelerating as well. The findings point to parallels between perception of internal state and the external environment. Finally, the roles of hypothesis-guided selective search are extended to placebo effectiveness. PMID- 7277204 TI - Self-blame and depressive symptoms. AB - Are internal attributions for bad events always associated with depression? The depressive symptoms of 87 female undergraduates correlated with blame directed at their own characters. In contrast, blame directed at their own behaviors correlated with lack of depressive symptoms. Behaviorally attributed bad events were seen as more controllable and their causes less stable and less global than were characterologically attributed bad events and their causes. Characterological blame increased with more negative life events during the last year, implying that individuals who blame their character may arrive at this attributional style by a covariation analysis. Finally, characterological blame did not precede the onset of depressive symptoms 6 or 12 weeks later. Thus, characterological blame may be a strong concomitant of depression, but not a cause. PMID- 7277205 TI - Predicting individual phenytoin dosage. AB - Most previously suggested methods for predicting phenytoin dosage from steady state drug levels (Cpss) measured in the clinical setting fail to fully exploit all relevant (population) information. A bayesian prediction method, applicable to any drug, is available. It appropriately combines all types of information. In this paper, we compare the Bayesian method as applied to phenytoin to two other prediction methods (and a baseline, nonfeedback one). Actual doses are compared to predictions in 49 patients. Each method is optimized, as far as possible, for the test data. The comparison favors the Bayesian method. Since each of the other prediction methods for phenytoin can be shown to be a theoretically suboptimal special case of the Bayesian one, the superiority of the latter may be a general phenomenon. Because the pharmacokinetic model linking steady-state phenytoin levels and dosage is so simple, a good approximation of the general Bayesian method can be implemented as a graphical device, or as a program for a programmable calculator. We present and describe both of these approximations. PMID- 7277206 TI - Evidence of nonlinearity in digoxin pharmacokinetics. AB - Six normal male volunteers received 0.5 mg label doses of digoxin as (a) a bolus intravenous injection over 2 min, (b) a constant rate intravenous infusion over 1 hr, (c) a constant rate intravenous infusion over 3 h, and (d) a solution in 5% dextrose given orally. Plasma concentrations of digoxin were measured by radioimmunoassay for a 4 day period and urinary excretion for a 6 day period after the single doses. The mean (coefficient of variation) total areas under the plasma concentration-time curves per 0.5 mg of digoxin were (a) 35.55 (14.8%), (b) 30.20 (27.7%), (c) 25.80 (35.5%), and (d) 15.47 (49.9%); the means differed significantly (0.01 greater than p greater than 0.005). The mean (coefficient of variation) total amounts excreted in the urine as a fraction of the dose were (a) 0.689 (6.31%), (b) 0.517 (20.4%), (c) 0.588 (16.8%), and (d) 0.374 (23.4%); the means differed significantly (p less than 0.001). Both the total clearance and the nonrenal clearance of digoxin differed significantly with the method of intravenous administration. The slower the rate of input of digoxin to the body, the greater were both the total clearance and the nonrenal clearance of the drug, which strongly suggests nonlinear pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7277207 TI - Analysis of the contributions of permeability and flow of intercompartmental clearance. AB - Recent pharmacokinetic studies indicate that both flow and permeability contribute to intercompartmental clearance. A previous analysis of flow and permeability components of transcapillary exchange has been adapted to a three compartment model of PA and NAPA pharmacokinetics. Data from a study that simultaneously determined the pharmacokinetic parameters of these two compounds made it possible to estimate permeability coefficients for the fast equilibrating compartment averaging 3.32 liters/min for PA and 1.35 liters/min for NAPA, and for the slow equilibrating compartment averaging 2.05 liters/min for PA and 0.78 liters/min for NAPA. These results were then used to estimated flow intercompartmental clearance relationships for PA and NAPA and to predict the extent of hemodynamic changes causing the slow intercompartmental clearance of NAPA to decrease by 77% during hemodialysis without an apparent alteration in fast intercompartmental clearance. PMID- 7277208 TI - Kinetics of drug displacement interactions. AB - A simple model simulating the kinetics of drugs displacement kinetics is investigated. It is demonstrated that for highly bound, lowly cleared drugs, displacement interactions are transitory. Consequently, the kinetics of the interaction have to be considered as well as the in vitro interaction. It is possible to have a significant in vitro displacement interaction with no in vivo counterpart. Methods of moderating drug displacement by adjusting the rate and the timing of administration of the displacing agent are discussed. PMID- 7277209 TI - Intestinal absorption-partition relationships: a tentative functional nonlinear model. AB - Models and equations designed to elucidate passive intestinal absorption mechanisms by analysis of the relationship between the absorption rate constant (ka) and either the partition coefficients (P) or a related partition constant for homologous series of substances, are reviewed. Classical nonlinear physical models, such as those which assume the existence of a nonstirred layer or equilibrium extraction, predict sigmoidal or hyperbolic relationships between ka and P, whereas other models, which regard the membrane as a heterogeneous multicompartment system, predict parabolic or bilinear relationships between log ka and log P. In the present paper, an alternative model is proposed, which incorporates the Wagner-Sedman equilibrium extraction model together with the existence of pores, which play a fundamental role for compounds below 250 in molecular weight. Several apparently contradictory absorption-partition literature data are shown to be highly consistent with the tentative model proposed. PMID- 7277210 TI - Properties of the recirculation model: matrix description and conditions for a monotonic decreasing single pass response. AB - The recirculation equation is examined for the case in which the blood concentration is given by a polyexponential expression sigma Ai exp (-ait). A matrix is developed whose eigenvalues are the exponential coefficients of the single pass response. These eigenvalues are real and distinct, and the single pass response is monotonic decreasing, when the Ai are all positive. An ordering relation for the eigenvalues is given. PMID- 7277212 TI - An aid to decision-making in bioequivalence assessment. PMID- 7277211 TI - Properties of the recirculation model: calculation of the amount of drug in the body from blood concentration data, with application to absorption rate calculations. AB - Compartment models express the relationship between amounts and concentrations by volumes of distribution, which are fundamental parameters of the models. For a recirculation model, the amount of drug in the body is given by the convolution of the measured blood concentration with a function, termed the retention function, which is a characteristic of the system. The amount of drug in the body can be partitioned into rapidly recirculating and slowly recirculating portions, which are analogous to the amounts of drug in the central and peripheral compartments of a compartment model. A method of calculating absorption rates is presented that is comparable with the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, but makes fewer assumptions. PMID- 7277213 TI - Direct observations on the contacts made between Ia afferent fibres and alpha motoneurones in the cat's lumbosacral spinal cord. AB - 1. The enzyme horseradish peroxidase was injected into identified lumbosacral alpha-motoneurones and Group Ia afferent fibres in cats anaesthetized with chloralose and paralysed with gallamine triethiodide. Subsequent histological examination allowed the determination of (a) the extent of the motoneuronal dendritic trees, (b) the number and location of Ia synapses upon the motoneurones. 2. alpha-motoneurones had seven to eighteen primary dendrites and each produced daughter branches up to the fourth to the sixth order. At dendritic bifurcations Rall's 3/2 Power Law was obeyed. There was little or no dendritic tapering up to about 800 micrometers from the soma. Beyond this distance, however, there was considerable tapering. 3. Horseradish peroxidase injections revealed that motoneuronal dendrites are much longer than previously thought. Individual dendrites could be traced for up to 1600 micrometers from the soma and dendritic trees were usually 2-3 mm from tip to tip. Nearly all the motoneurones had dendrites that entered the white matter of the cord. Dendrites could also reach as far dorsally as laminae V and VI. 4. Ia synapses upon motoneuronal somata were examined in cords counterstained with cresyl violet or methylene green. About 10% of Ia boutons in lamina IX were on somata and each Ia collateral terminated on 3.66 motoneuronal somata or the most proximal (30 micrometer) dendrites, with on average about two contacts per motoneurone. 5. Ten Ia afferent fibre-motoneurone pairs were injected with horseradish peroxidase. The following conclusions were drawn: (i) only one collateral of any given Ia axon makes contact with a motoneurone even though other collaterals from the same axon might pass through the dendritic tree, (ii) usually all contacts made between a Ia fibre and a motoneurone are at about the same geometrical distance from the soma, even when on different dendrites, (iii) between two and five contacts are made upon the dendritic tree (average 3.4) at distances of between 20 and 820 micrometers from the soma. 6. The results are discussed in relation to previous anatomical and electrophysiological work. PMID- 7277215 TI - Dynamic properties of the inferior rectus, extensor digitorum longus, diaphragm and soleus muscles of the mouse. AB - 1. Isometric responses to direct stimulation of inferior rectus (IR), extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles and strips of diaphragm (DIA) muscle of the mouse were obtained. 2. The IR, EDL and DIA were qualitatively 'fast-twitch', while the SOL was 'slow-twitch'. The isometric twitch contraction time was for IR, 3.7 ms; EDL, 6.9 ms; DIA, 13.2 ms; SOL, 20.9 ms (at 35 degrees C). Twitch: tetanus ratio for IR was unusually small (0.12) whereas that of DIA was unusually large (0.31). 3. The force-velocity properties of the muscles were determined and the sarcomere speed of shortening calculated. The intrinsic speeds of shortening of EDL and IR were not significantly different from each other, and were 49.5 and 51.6 micrometers . s-1 respectively; the value for SOL was 23.1 micrometers . s-1 and the DIA was intermediate at 39.7 micrometers . s-1. 4. The time course of the isometric twitch of the IR was about half that of the EDL whereas the force-velocity properties of these two muscles were almost identical. This is very similar to the situation in the rat. 5. Some of the dynamic properties of the DIA were clearly intermediate between the typical 'fast-twitch' EDL and IR and the typical 'slow-twitch' SOL. This does not agree with the available histochemical evidence which suggests that the mouse diaphragm is a 'fast-twitch red' muscle. PMID- 7277216 TI - Spontaneous recovery from depolarizing drugs in rat diaphragm. AB - 1. The end-plate region in surface fibres of rat diaphragm was located by the use of polarizing filters. 2. Carbachol (100 microM) produced depolarization at the end-plate to -55 mV, as shown by continuous recording, with some indication of spontaneous recovery in the presence of the drug. The miniature end-plate potentials disappeared and remained absent. 3. By repeated sampling it was found that the resting potential at the end-plate had largely recovered after 45 min in the presence of carbachol. Individual fibres showed much variation in the rate of recovery, and in some fibres the repolarization was rapid. 4. In the absence of K, carbachol produced depolarization at the end-plate without significant recovery, as shown by repeated sampling. 5. When muscles were exposed to ouabain (100 microM) in addition to carbachol the end-plate remained depolarized without recovery for 60 min. The effect of ouabain was reversible: withdrawal of ouabain (in the presence of carbachol) led to substantial recovery. 6. Suberyldicholine (100 microM) gave results which were similar to those produced by carbachol. 7. It was inferred that the spontaneous recovery of membrane potential in the presence of carbachol and of suberyldicholine is a process which is sensitive to K and to ouabain. PMID- 7277214 TI - Effects of acid-base changes on excitation--contraction coupling in guinea-pig and rabbit cardiac ventricular muscle. AB - 1. Respiratory and metabolic acid-base changes caused similar steady-state changes in the contractility of cardiac ventricular muscle, but the rate of response was more rapid with the former intervention. 2. Variations in extracellular pCO2 and [HCO3-] at constant pH caused only a transient change in contractility. 3. An intracellular pH change can describe the above events. 4. The changes in contractility caused by extracellular acid-base changes could be explained by competition between Ca2+ and H+ ions for a single process. 5. Assuming an electroneutral scheme whereby one extracellular Ca2+ ion or two intracellular H+ ions compete for a binding site, the interior of ventricular cells must be better buffered than the extracellular fluid. 6. H+ ions evoked a release of Ca2+ ions from a mitochondrial suspension with a time course similar to the partial recovery of tension observed during a respiratory acidosis. 7. Respiratory and metabolic acidosis depressed the action potential plateau and prolonged repolarization. 8. The resting potential and the maximum rate of depolarization were unaffected by the above acid-base changes. 9. An acidosis depressed Ca2+ influx through the slow inward channel by an amount sufficient to account for the observed contractility changes. 10. It is concluded that between pH 7.6 and 6.6 the major physiological effect of an acidosis is to depress the slow inward current as a result of an intracellular pH change. PMID- 7277218 TI - Motor unit contractions initiating impulses in a tendon organ in the cat. AB - 1. Responses, identified as coming from Golgi tendon organs, were recorded in afferent nerve fibres supplying the cat soleus muscle. 2. Receptor discharge was recorded during stimulation of single, selected motor units. The degree of summation of responses to combined stimulation of pairs of motor units was compared with the effect of stimulating each motor unit separately. Whenever individual response frequencies differed by a large amount there was little summation on combined stimulation. 3. The response of tendon organ to the second of a pair of closely spaced tetanic contractions of a motor unit showed adaptation of the discharge. Adaptation could also be induced by a conditioning contraction from another motor unit. The amount of 'cross-adaptation' could be correlated with the difference in individual response frequencies of the two motor units and with the degree of summation on combined stimulation. 4. A mechanical model is proposed to account for these observations. The muscle fibre from each motor unit is envisaged to pull on a collagen strand which supports one of the receptor terminals. The non-linear summation of responses on combined stimulation and the phenomenon of cross-adaptation are accounted for by mechanical cross-links between collagen strands such that one muscle fibre pulls on more than one receptor terminal. PMID- 7277217 TI - Motor units in cross-reinnervated fast and slow twitch muscle of the cat. AB - 1. Isometric contractile properties of motor units were measured in cross reinnervated fast (flexor digitorum longus) and slow (soleus) twitch muscles of the cat. All but one cross was at least 95% pure. 2. There was a reduction in the number of motor units in all muscles, but totals remained about equal in cross reinnervated soleus and flexor digitorum longus. 3. Motor unit tensions (mean and maximum values) were higher in cross-reinnervated soleus than in cross reinnervated flexor digitorum longus, reversing the differences between normal muscles. This was due to increases in muscle mass and in the tension developed per unit cross-sectional area. There were motor unit tensions larger and smaller than those seen in normal muscle, but the range was comparable with that seen in self-reinnervated muscle. 4. The changes in twitch time to peak of whole muscle following cross-reinnervations resulted from a change over the whole range of motor units. The conversion of soleus was less complete than that of flexor digitorum longus, and the time to peak of its fastest motor unit was twice as long as any seen in normal flexor digitorum longus. 5. In neither of the cross reinnervated muscles were the fast contracting motor units larger than the slow contracting ones, and in cross-reinnervated soleus they were smaller. 6. Axonal conduction velocity was correlated with motor unit tension in both muscles and with twitch time to peak in cross-reinnervated flexor digitorum longus, but in all cases less clearly than in normal muscles. 7. The ratio of twitch to tetanic tension increased with increasing twitch time to peak, as in normal muscles. PMID- 7277219 TI - On the number and nature of regenerating myelinated axons after lesions of cutaneous nerves in the cat. AB - 1. Electrophysiological and anatomical techniques were used to investigate normal and regenerating sural and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve fibres in the cat. 2. One and a half years after transection of these nerves it was found that the regenerating neurones supported multiple sprouts in the distal stump of the nerve. The branching occurred at or beyond the level of the neuroma and some of the branched fibres innervated split receptive fields on the skin. 3. Counts of the number of axons in the proximal stumps of transected nerves showed that the whole original population of myelinated fibres persisted for at least 18 months. About 75% of these fibres successfully crossed the unrepaired transection site and regenerated into the distal stump of the nerve to re-form functional connexions in the skin. 4. After nerve crush all the myelinated axons regenerated. None showed signs of abnormal branching. 5. After crush the conduction velocities of the regenerated axons in the distal stump of the nerve reached nearly normal values by 6 months. After nerve transection the distal conduction velocities were reduced to 50% of normal even 18 months after the injury. 6. The implications of these findings for the recovery of function after nerve injury in man are discussed. PMID- 7277220 TI - Changes in primary afferent depolarization of sensory neurones during peripheral nerve regeneration in the cat. AB - 1. Micro-electrode recordings were made from normal and regenerating sural nerve fibres in cats. Increases in the excitability of the central terminals of these fibres after conditioning stimulation of other sural nerve fibres were taken as evidence for primary afferent depolarization. 2. At all recovery times studied the excitability changes seen were significantly less than those seen in control animals. Two factors contributed to the changes in primary afferent depolarization. First, the proportion of fibres that showed no evidence of primary afferent depolarization increased significantly. This proportion became smaller as recovery progressed. Secondly, where primary afferent depolarization was present, the magnitudes of the effects were slightly but significantly decreased compared with control values. 3. Excitability changes of the central terminals of sural nerve fibres were also measured after conditioning stimulation of the ipsilateral, unlesioned accessory sural nerve. One month after sural nerve transection there was a significant increase in the proportion of fibres showing no evidence of excitability changes following accessory sural nerve conditioning stimulation compared with control animals. Thus, the loss of primary afferent depolarization of regenerating sural nerve fibres was neither simply a consequence of desynchronization of the volley of impulses entering the spinal cord after conditioning stimulation of other regenerating sural fibres, nor due to fewer fibres being activated during conditioning stimulation of the lesioned nerves. 4. A possible explanation of these results is that after peripheral nerve crush or transection the central terminals of the damaged fibres retract or atrophy. Then as regeneration of the nerve proceeds, the central terminals of the fibres re-form. PMID- 7277221 TI - The effects of 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium ions on normal and demyelinated mammalian nerve fibres. AB - 1. 4-Aminopyridine (4AP) and tetraethylammonium ions (TEA), which block voltage dependent potassium channels in other nerve membranes, have been used to study nerve conduction in fibres of normal rat spinal roots and those demyelinated with diphtheria toxin. The pharmacological actions have been compared with those of temperature. 2. Both TEA and 4AP increased the amplitude and duration of the monophasically recorded compound action potentials of non-myelinated fibres in normal rat dorsal roots. Enhancement of the action potential amplitude by 4AP was maximal near 1 mM, and was not readily reversed by washing. At concentrations up to 50 mM the action of TEA was weaker and reversible. 3. In normal dorsal and ventral roots TEA (20 mM) and 4AP (5 mM) had only a mildly depressant action on the compound action potentials of myelinated fibres. Whereas the slight reduction in peak amplitude and increase in width was also found in a single fibres treated with TEA, none was discerned in single fibres exposed to 4AP over a wide temperature range. 4. It is concluded that voltage-dependent potassium channels occur in significant numbers in mammalian non-myelinated fibres, but not at nodes of Ranvier. 5. Spinal roots previously treated with diphtheria toxin to cause demyelination were studied by longitudinal current analysis. Fibres affected by diphtheria toxin had a late phase of outward current, either restricted to nodes or, in the case of continuous conduction, distributed along internodes, and this outward current was specifically blocked by 4AP. 6. Both 4AP and TEA increased the temperature at which conduction block occurred in most single demyelinated fibres, so that in some cases fibres blocked at physiological temperatures were enabled to conduct. 4AP was more potent than TEA, but less consistent in its effect. 7. It is concluded that potassium channels are present at widened nodes and in internodal axolemma exposed by demyelination. Their presence enables TEA and 4AP to overcome conduction block in some demyelinated nerve fibres. PMID- 7277223 TI - The gastric emptying of small volumes given in quick succession. AB - 1. Ten subjects were given solutions of 33 mM-trisodium citrate or 505 mM glucose, by tube into the stomach; either 25, 50, 100 or 200 ml. were instilled. The gastric contents were recovered, after 3 min with the trisodium citrate solution and after 10 min with the solution of glucose, then the stomach was washed out with 250 ml. water. Each volume was instilled six times in quick succession on one day with the trisodium citrate solution, and four times on another day with the solution of glucose. The recovered volume of the original meal, which contained Phenol Red, was assessed from the amount of dye in the combined recovery and wash. Each day's procedure was replicated on three days. 2. About half of the trisodium citrate solution was recovered after 3 min and about half the solution of glucose after 10 min, independent of the volume instilled. 3. Glucose slowed gastric emptying. The effect was seen when amounts as low as 1.5 g passed into the duodenum in 10 min. 4. Within-subject, the volumes of trisodium citrate (a distending gastric stimulus) recovered at 3 min allowed predictions of the volumes of glucose solution (a gastric distending and a duodenal osmotic stimulus) recovered at 10 min. 5. The volumes recovered on one day fell progressively with successive instillations of 25, 50 and 100 ml. 6. The results showed that the control system governing gastric emptying responded to volume and osmotic stimuli even when the intragastric volumes were as small as those in the stomach during the interdigestive periods. PMID- 7277222 TI - Motor unit firing and its relation to tremor in the tonic vibration reflex of the decerebrate cat. AB - 1. The discharge of single motor units has been recorded from the soleus muscle of the decerebrate cat during the tonic vibration reflex elicited isometrically, to further understanding of the tremor that is seen in the reflex contraction. The reflex was elicited by pulses of vibration of 50 micrometers amplitude at 150 Hz, and up to four units were studied concurrently. 2. Individual units fired rather regularly and at a low frequency (range 4-14 Hz). The rate of firing of any unit normally fell within the frequency band of the tremor recorded at the same time. On comparing different preparations a higher frequency of tremor was associated with a higher frequency of motor firing. 3. The responses of pairs of motor units recorded concurrently during repeated production of the reflex were compared by cross-correlation analysis; over 1000 spikes from each train were normally used for this. The major of the cross-correlograms were flat with no overt sign of any synchronization between the units other than that due to the vibration. 4. Clear indications of correlated motor unit firing could be produced deliberately by modulating the amplitude of vibration at a frequency comparable to that of the normal tremor and thereby introducing a rhythmic component into the tonic vibration reflex. 5. About 20% of the cross-correlograms obtained during normal tremor showed varying amounts of an irregular 'waviness' suggesting a possible correlation between the times of firing of a pair of units. But such waves never developed steadily throughout the period of analysis, in contrast to the comparable waves produced on modulating the vibration. Similar waves were seen on cross-correlating a motor unit with an electronic oscillator, confirming that their occurrence does not necessarily demonstrate the existence of active neural interactions. 6. It is concluded that there is no strong and widespread neural synchronizing mechanism active during the tonic vibration reflex, although the possibility of some weak neural interactions has not been excluded. The findings favour the idea that the tremor in this preparation is simply the inevitable result of motor units discharging asynchronously, but at closely similar subtetanic frequencies. PMID- 7277224 TI - Localization of specialized noradrenaline receptors at neuromuscular junctions on arterioles of the guinea-pig. AB - 1. Noradrenaline was applied by ionophoresis to various positions on the surface of an arteriole, and any changes in membrane potential of the arteriolar smooth muscle were recorded. 2. At a proportion of positions noradrenaline produced membrane depolarization. 3. The positions where noradrenaline produced these membrane potential changes were restricted to regions close to the sympathetic nerves which innervated the arterioles. PMID- 7277226 TI - The mature electrical properties of identified neurones in grasshopper embryos. AB - 1. We have examined the mature electrical properties of five identified neurones in embryos of the grasshopper Schistocerca nitens. The five cells arise from two different precursor cells: the median neuroblast, whose first three progency are called DUM 3,4,5; DUM 4,5; and DUM 5; and mid-line precursor 3, which divides once to produce the H cell and the H cell sibling.2. Electrical coupling was investigated by dual intracellular penetrations. Action potentials were elicited by intracellular stimulation of cell bodies and by extracellular stimulation of axons. The ionic basis of action potentials was investigated by changing the ionic environment and by applying various blocking agents.3. Most of the mature electrical properties of all five cells appear by day 13 of embryonic development. They change little through hatching on day 20.4. The recorded resting potential for all five cells varies from -55 to -60 mV and the recorded input resistance varies from 200 to 450 MOmega. All five cells show delayed rectification, much of which is blocked by tetraethylammonium (TEA). Their resistance increases as they are hyperpolarized.5. The five cells do not appear to be electrically coupled between days 13 and 20.6. All five neurones generate mature action potentials and in several cases show cell-specific electrical properties by day 13. The ionic dependence and depolarizing phase of the action potential change little between days 13 and 20; some changes occur in the after hyperpolarization.7. One cell-specific difference is observed in normal saline. Four of the cells have axons, median neurites, and somata which generate action potentials in normal saline; but one of the cells (the H cell sibling) has an inexcitable soma and generates action potentials only in its axon.8. Another cell specific difference in the soma action potentials of DUM 3,4,5,; DUM 4,5; DUM 5; and the H cell is observed when outward current is blocked by TEA. In three of the cells, TEA causes the short-duration action potential (2-4 msec) to be converted into a long-duration action potential (100-1000 msec) in which there is an initial spike (Na(+)-dependent) followed by a long plateau (Ca(2+)-dependent). In the other cell, DUM 5, at resting potential the addition of TEA only causes a shoulder (Ca(2+)-dependent) on the falling phase of the action potential. DUM 5 and DUM 4,5 thus have different electrical properties, even though they differ only by a single cell division from the precursor cell.9. In all four neurones which normally generate soma action potentials (DUM 3,4,5; DUM 4,5; DUM 5; and the H cell), the inward current is carried by both Na(+) and Ca(2+). On day 13, either inward current alone can generate the overshooting action potential; in contrast, by day 18, neither inward current alone can generate an overshooting response. The inward current of the axon action potential in all five cells is carried predominantly by Na(+).10. Thus, the progeny of two different embryonic precursor cells (median neuroblast and mid-line precursor 3) show a broad spectrum of electrical properties. The mature phenotype of electrical excitability is not a property shared in common by all the progeny of a single embryonic precursor cell in the grasshopper. Conversely, progeny from different precursor cells can share the same mature phenotype of electrical excitability. PMID- 7277225 TI - The release of adenosine and inosine from canine subcutaneous adipose tissue by nerve stimulation and noradrenaline. AB - 1. Plasma and adipose tissue purine nucleosides were assayed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography after purification of the samples on phenylboronate affinity gel. 2. The adenosine content of unstimulated subcutaneous adipose tissue was close to 1 n-mole/g. The concentrations of adenosine and inosine in canine arterial plasma were 0.26 +/- 0.03 and 0.16 +/- 0.03 microM, respectively. In venous plasma from the canine subcutaneous adipose tissue the corresponding values were 0.32 +/- 0.04 and 0.28 +/- 0.06 microM under basal conditions. The arterio-venous concentration difference of adenosine was linearly dependent upon the arterial adenosine concentration. At arterial concentrations below 0.3 microM there was a net production of adenosine; above 0.3 microM there was a net extraction of approximately 77% of the adenosine. Adenosine was extensively eliminated in blood. The major part of this elimination could be accounted for by metabolism to inosine, hypoxanthine and uric acid. 3. Following sympathetic nerve stimulation (4 Hz for 20 min) the rate of adenosine outflow from adipose tissue increased from 0.33 +/- 0.22 to a peak value of 1.2 +/- 0.26 n-mole/min. This corresponds to a net release of 8.7 +/- 3.0 n-mole/100 g tissue. Inosine outflow rose from 0.64 +/- 0.37 to 5.3 +/- 1.4 n-mole/min, corresponding to a net release of 24.6 4/- 8.7 n-mole/100 g. Nerve stimulation also increased the release of [3H]purines from [3H]adenine pre-labelled adipose tissue. The fractional release increased 15-fold after stimulation. The radioactivity was mainly in the form of hypoxanthine, inosine and uric acid while adenosine was a minor component. When metabolism in blood was inhibited by dipyridamole and an adenosine deaminase inhibitor nerve-stimulation-induced release of [3H]purines was mainly in the form of adenosine. 4. Noradrenaline injection also induced a release of radioactive purines and of inosine. On the other hand, the outflow of endogenous adenosine was very small. 5. The present results demonstrate that under basal conditions adenosine is present in arterial and venous canine plasma. The free extracellular tissue level may be similar to the basal arterial adenosine concentration. Sympathetic nerve stimulation and noradrenaline induces a marked release of adenosine which is rapidly metabolized in the tissue and blood stream to inosine, hypoxanthine and uric acid. In adipose tissue the levels of adenosine reached after adrenergic stimulation appear high enough to be of physiological relevance. PMID- 7277228 TI - The development of electrical properties of identified neurones in grasshopper embryos. AB - 1. We have examined the development of the electrical properties of five identified neurones in grasshopper embryos between days 10 and 13 of embryogenesis (hatching occurs on day 20). DUM 3,4,5; DUM 4,5; DUM 5; the H cell; and the H cell sibling are the progeny of two different precursor cells. Electrical coupling and electrical excitability were assayed by intracellular recordings. 2. Midway through embryogenesis, on day 10, the five cells are highly electrically coupled to each other and are electrically inexcitable. The temporal sequence of the development of electrical excitability and electrical coupling is described for DUM 3,4,5; 4,5; and 5. The H cell and H cell sib undergo the same sequence one day later. 3. The first non-linear membrane property to appear is delayed rectification which appears on day 11 and can be blocked by tetraethylammonium (TEA). In some cells at about day 11, the addition of TEA to normal saline unmasks a Na+-dependent action potential in the axon. 4. The first action potential in normal saline is a Na+-dependent response that appears in the axon at day 11-11.5. 5. The next stage of excitability in normal saline is the appearance about day 11.5 of a Na+-dependent action potential in the median neurite between the soma and the two axons. In some cells at about day 11.5, the addition of TEA unmasks an excitable response in the soma. 6. Overshooting action potentials appear in the soma about day 12; the inward current is carried by both Na+ and Ca2+; TEA causes a prolonged shoulder on the falling phase of the action potential. A short time later, TEA causes a long-duration CA2+ plateau. 7. A progressive decrease in the degree of electrical coupling among the cells occurs between days 10 and 12.5. Complete uncoupling is never observed before day 11, but has always occurred by day 12.5. 8. Two methods were used to demonstrate that electrical coupling does not mask the presence of excitable inward current channels and thus make the cells appear inexcitable. First, we exposed the cells to veratridine. The cells which normally generate excitable Na+ response are depolarized by it; the younger inexcitable cells are not. Secondly, we electrically isolated the cells by killing the somata of their neighbours. The input resistance increased, yet the extent of excitability remained unchanged. 9. There is variability in the precise temporal relationship of excitability and uncoupling. Pairs of cells from different embryos of the same ate can generate the same type of action potentials and yet be coupled in one embryo and uncoupled in another. Electrical excitability and uncoupling appear to be causally unrelated and independent events, occurring at about the same developmental stage. PMID- 7277227 TI - Development of sodium permeability inactivation in nodal membranes. AB - 1. The time course of inactivation of the sodium permeability was studied in myelinated nerve fibres of Xenopus laevis using the voltage-clamp technique of Nonner (1969). The potassium currents were blocked by 10 mM-tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA). The remaining currents were corrected for leakage and capacity currents. 2. The decay of the sodium current was double-exponential confirming Chiu's (1977) findings The slower time constant was observed in TEA-free solutions by clamping to VK in high potassium concentrations. 3. The fast time constant was similar to tau h of Frankenhaeuser (1960), whereas the slower time constant was about four times larger and also decreased with increasing depolarization. 4. Arrhenius plots of both time constants can be well approximated by straight lines for temperatures between 0 and 25 degrees C. 5. The entire sodium current induced by single voltage-clamp pulses was fitted by a non-linear least-square routine to the Frankenhaeuser-Huxley equations extended by Chiu's three-state kinetics. With rare exceptions for potentials between 37 and 70 mV the fit was better without a delay in the onset of the inactivation of the sodium current. 6. The time course of inactivation was also studied in two pulse experiments where a prepulse of varying duration was directly followed by a test pulse. The peak sodium currents were normalized by the associated peak currents without a prepulse. 7. The relative peak sodium current as a function of the prepulse duration had a sigmoid time course. The early deviation from an exponential decay is due to the activation arising during the prepulse and is implicit in the classical equations quoted above. It is therefore not necessarily a sign of a delay in the inactivation process. 8. To eliminate errors due to activation in two-pulse experiments, the decaying part of the test sodium currents was extrapolated back to the onset of the test pulse. These current values at t = 0 plotted as a function of the prepulse duration revealed no delay at the beginning of inactivation. Within the accuracy of our measurements a possible delay of more than 100 microseconds (at 5-10 degrees C) could be excluded. PMID- 7277229 TI - The effects of heart rate on the action potential of guinea-pig and human ventricular muscle. AB - 1. On increasing the stimulation frequency of isolated pieces of guinea-pig ventricular muscle, the resting potential depolarizes, and the action potential duration and amplitude are reduced. On termination of the high frequency train of action potentials, these changes are reversed. 2. The resting potential changes are roughly exponential, with a time constant of the order of 10 sec, and are attributable to K+ accumulation in the extracellular space. They are not explicable in terms of known gating variables. 3. The action potential duration and amplitude recover much more slowly than the resting potential, after a high frequency train (half-time approximately 5 min). The time course of these recoveries is not exponential, and is slower after trains which produce more shortening of the action potential. The slow time course suggests that K+ accumulation is not the main cause of the changes in action potential shape. Furthermore, when a certain depolarization of the resting potential is produced by a high frequency train, there is a greater reduction of the action potential duration than that which occurs when the bathing [K+] is raised to produce the same depolarization (Reiter & Stickel, 1968). This is so even when a gradient of extracellular [K+] is induced in the preparation, to mimic non-uniform K+ accumulation. 4. Similarly, the shortening of the action potential produced by toxic doses or cardiotonic steroids is probably not the result of K+ accumulation. 5. The slow changes of the action potential shape produced by a high frequency train are not attributable to the effects of gating variables, nor (solely) to a rise in the intracellular Na concentration stimulating the electrogenic Na/K pump. The dye 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine, which blocks the Ca2+-activated K conductance in the erythrocyte, has no significant effect on the shape changes. 6. After a sudden change in heart rate, the QT interval of the human electrocardiogram (e.c.g.) changes slowly to a new equilibrium value. The time course of this change is similar to that of the action potential duration in guinea-pig ventricle following a change in stimulation frequency. These changes of the e.c.g. are probably not due to slow alterations of neural or hormonal factors extrinsic to the heart. In the whole heart, the effects on the ventricular action potential duration of changes in sympathetic or vagal tone, or of circulating catecholamines, can be largely accounted for by the changes of atrial driving frequency they produce. PMID- 7277230 TI - Studies on secretion of catecholamines evoked by acetylcholine or transmural stimulation of the rat adrenal gland. AB - 1. A method of studying the secretion of catecholamines (CA) in the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland by transmural stimulation or by application of acetylcholine (ACh) has been described. 2. Secretion of CA was practically linear in response to ACh administration, starting from 4.42 microM to 1.32 mM. Transmural stimulation enhanced secretion from a stimulation frequency of 0.5--3 Hz; the effect levelled at 10 Hz, and declined as frequency was raised to 30 Hz. The secretory response to transmural stimulation was maximal over 1 msec duration and 60 V. 3. Secretion evoked by transmural stimulation was blocked (70-95%) by 0.31 microM-tetrodotoxin (TTX) irrespective of stimulus duration, voltage and frequency of stimulation. Secretion evoked by ACh was depressed 43% by TTX. After mecamylamine (0.59 mM) treatment, secretory response evoked by either procedure was blocked by about 80%. 4. Adenosine (0.18 mM), adenosine monophosphate (0.28 mM), or adenosine triphosphate (0.19 mM) lowered CA secretion evoked by transmural stimulation by about 40%, but had no effect on secretion induced by ACh. 5. Isoprenaline (4.52 microM), propranolol (11.58 microM), clonidine (13.00 microM), phenoxybenzamine (3.30 microM), and 4-aminopyridine (3 mM) did not modify CA secretion evoked by transmural stimulation or by ACh. 6. Perfusion of the adrenal gland with 0.25 mM-Ca-Krebs solution completely abolished CA secretion evoked by transmural stimulation, but ACh-induced secretion was still 30-50% of the control value. 20 mM-Mg blocked electrically induced secretion by 60%, but that evoked by ACh was unaffected. 7. Perfusion with Ca-free Krebs solution for 2 hr did not completely abolish the response. However, treatment with EGTA (5 mM) for 30 min totally blocked ACh-induced secretion. 8. La or Mn were more effective in blocking transmurally evoked secretion than ACh-evoked secretion of CA. Verapamil (0.1 mM) had no significant effect on secretion evoked by either procedure. A 5-fold increase in its concentration caused about 75% blockade of secretion. 9. Differential effects of various ions and agents on CA secretion are explained on the basis that these compounds affect neurosecretory properties of the presynaptic splanchnic nerve terminals and of chromaffin cells differently. PMID- 7277231 TI - Facilitation of secretion of catecholamines from rat and guinea-pig adrenal glands in potassium-free medium or after ouabain. AB - 1. The effect of K deprivation on catecholamine (CA) secretion induced by transmural stimulation of the isolated perfused adrenal glands of the rat was studied. 2. In the absence of external K, secretion of CA evoked by transmural stimulation was greatly (2- to 7-fold) facilitated. The facilitation was inversely related to the frequency of stimulation. The duration of CA secretion upon stimulation was prolonged significantly in K-free medium as compared to that in Krebs solution. 3. CA secretion evoked by acetylcholine (ACh) in K-free Krebs solution was increased by about 40%, with little change in the duration of secretion. 4. Chronic denervation of the adrenal gland practically abolished secretory response induced by transmural stimulation without affecting secretion of CA by ACh. Perfusion of the denervated adrenal gland with K-free solution enhanced ACh-induced CA secretion by about 40%, and a secretory response to transmural stimulation became evident. 5. Spontaneous secretion of CA was increased from a control value of about 2 ng/min to 56 ng/min 35 min after perfusion with K-free Krebs solution. During enhanced spontaneous secretion, electrical stimulation of the adrenal gland produced facilitation of secretion. 6. Spontaneous secretion of CA in K-free medium was only slightly reduced by lowering Ca to 0.25 mM, but that evoked by stimulation was markedly depressed. However, spontaneous and evoked secretion in K-free medium were totally blocked upon removal of Ca and addition of 5 mM-EGTA. 7. Re-introduction of 2.5 mM-Ca 6 min after stimulation of the adrenal gland in 0.25 mM-Ca, K-free solution produced a marked secretory response. 8. Lowering of Ca to 0.25 mM immediately after stimulation of the adrenal gland in K-free solution significantly reduced the amounts of CA secreted in the post-stimulation period. 9. Ouabain (0.14-1.4 mM) did not enhance secretion of CA in unstimulated preparations or after transmural stimulation of the rat adrenal gland. ACh-induced secretion was more than doubled by ouabain. 10. Not only was spontaneous secretion of CA from the guinea-pig adrenal gland enhanced by K deprivation or ouabain, but secretion evoked by transmural stimulation or by ACh was also facilitated in K-free medium by ouabain (0.7-7.0 microM). 11. Enhanced secretion of CA in unstimulated preparations or after transmural stimulation of the adrenal gland, in the absence of K, has been attributed to the excess release of ACh from splanchnic nerve terminals. The enhanced release of ACh has been attributed to the elevation of free cellular CA resulting from blockade of the Na pump. On the other hand, ouabain facilitates CA secretin in the rat and guinea-pig adrenal glands predominantly by its effect on the chromaffin cells. PMID- 7277232 TI - Re-innervation of ganglia transplanted to the neck from different levels of the guinea-pig sympathetic chain. AB - Thoracic and lumbar sympathetic ganglia from donor guinea-pigs were transplanted to the bed of an excised superior cervical ganglion in host animals. Homotopic transplants of superior cervical ganglia served as controls. In this way the same set of preganglionic axons (the cervical sympathetic trunk) was confronted with ganglia from different levels of the sympathetic chain. Re-innervation of the transplants was studied after 3-5 months. 1. Neurones in ganglia transplanted from different levels of the sympathetic chain were re-innervated to about the same over-all degree by the preganglionic axons of the host's cervical sympathetic trunk. Thus, the mean amplitude of post-synaptic potentials, the estimated number of innervating axons, and the number of spinal segments providing innervation to each neurone were similar in transplanted thoracic, lumbar and superior cervical ganglion cells. 2. Neurones in transplanted mid thoracic ganglia, however, were re-innervated more frequently, and more strongly, by axons arising from more caudal thoracic segments than neurones in transplanted superior cervical ganglia. Stimulation of axons arising from the fourth thoracic spinal segment (T4), for example, elicited post-synaptic potentials that on average were twice as large in transplanted fifth thoracic ganglion cells as in transplanted superior cervical ganglion cells; conversely, axons arising from T1 re-innervated neurones in the superior cervical ganglion about 2-3 times more effectively than fifth thoracic ganglion cells. This difference in the re innervation of the fifth thoracic and the superior cervical ganglion is in the same direction as (although less pronounced than) the normal difference in the segmental innervation of these ganglia. 3. Transplanted lumbar ganglia were also re-innervated more effectively by relatively caudal segments compared to re innervated cervical ganglia, but this difference was no greater than that observed for transplanted thoracic ganglia. 4. We conclude that preganglionic axons can distinguish (or be distinguished by) ganglia derived from different levels of the sympathetic chain. Our findings are consistent with the view that ganglion cells have some permanent property that biases the innervation they receive. PMID- 7277233 TI - Stimulation by injected guanosine triphosphate of the sodium efflux in barnacle muscle fibres pre-exposed to aldosterone. AB - 1. A study has been made of the response of the Na efflux to injected guanosine triphosphate (GTP) in barnacle muscle fibres pre-exposed to aldosterone. 2. (i) Injection of GTP into unpoisoned fibres causes a transitory stimulation. By contrast, injection of GTP into ouabain-poisoned fibres causes a sustained stimulation. Little or no fall in Em is recorded following GTP injection. (ii) The stimulatory response to GTP of aldosterone pre-exposed ouabain-poisoned fibres differs from that seen in unexposed, ouabain-poisoned fibres, in that its magnitude is greater and always sustained. 3. The magnitude of the response to GTP depends on external Ca and pH but not external Na. The response itself is not seen at 0 degrees C. 4. (i) Verapamil reduces the size of the response to GTP only if applied before GTP. Injection of EGTA, Fe, Zn and Co partially abolishes the residual response. (ii) Injection of MgCl2 almost completely reverses the response to GTP. KCl is ineffective. 5. These results are explained by supposing that removal of internal Mg and trace elements by GTP leads to activation of phosphoprotein phosphatase. PMID- 7277234 TI - Neuromuscular junctions and alpha-bungarotoxin-binding sites in denervated and contralateral cat skeletal muscles. AB - 1. The distributions of cholinesterase (ChE) activity and acetylcholine (ACh) receptors were studied in normal and denervated cat hind-limb fast-twitch skeletal muscles and in muscles contralateral to denervated muscles. 2. On normal muscle fibres almost all receptors were confined to the immediately post junctional membrane, although a perijunctional gradient of increased ACh receptor density was found on both fast- and slow-twitch fibres. After denervation, the extrajunctional ACh receptor density increased greatly and remained high for at least 10 months. Ectopic regions staining for ChE activity and having a high density of ACh receptors appeared in denervated muscle. The number of junctional ACh receptors decreased slowly after denervation, with a half-time of about 140 days. 3. Fast-twitch muscles contralateral to denervated muscles also showed changes, including an increase in junctional size and a small but significant increase in extra-junctional ACh receptor density. PMID- 7277235 TI - Alterations in cat skeletal neuromuscular junctions following prolonged inactivity. AB - 1. The distributions of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, cholinesterase (ChE) activity and nerve terminals were studied on cat muscle fibres which had been inactive for 2-3 years. 2. Neuromuscular junctions increased in size as a result of sprouting of terminal branches. In addition some fibres were multiply innervated at separate sites. 3. In muscles from two cats, some areas at the junction showed ChE activity but had only a relatively low density of ACh receptors. 4. The extrajunctional receptor density was higher than in normal muscles but lower than in muscles denervated for up to 10 months. PMID- 7277236 TI - Amiloride sensitivity of the transepithelial electrical potential and of sodium and potassium transport in rat distal colon in vivo. AB - 1. The effect of amiloride within the gut lumen on the transepithelial electrical potential difference (p.d.) and Na and K transport by the distal colon of adrenalectomized (dexamethasone-maintained), normal, aldosterone-infused and Na depleted groups of rats was examined. 2. Amiloride had no effect in adrenalectomized rats; in normal rats, only the p.d. was significantly reduced. 3. In the group given a short (2 hr) aldosterone infusion, amiloride reduced the elevated p.d. and K secretion rate to normal levels. There was no change in apparent K permeability of the epithelium. 4. In the Na-depleted group, p.d. and Na absorption were virtually abolished by amiloride but although K secretion was reduced it still remained much above normal levels. Adrenalectomy prevented the effects of Na depletion. 5. P.d. change occurred rapidly when amiloride was added to the perfusate. Increasing the Na concentration in the perfusate reduced the sensitivity to amiloride. Apparent 'Km' values estimated from p.d. changes (luminal Na, 50 mM) were similar for aldosterone-infused (7.6 X 10(-6) M) and Na depleted (5.4 X 10(-6) M) rats. 6. Aldosterone appears to be essential for the induction of amiloride-sensitive Na paths in the mucosal plasma membrane of rat colonic epithelial cells. Prolonged aldosterone stimulation, as in the Na depleted rats, increases the amiloride-sensitive Na paths while largely suppressing the amiloride-insensitive Na paths; in addition, the K/Na clearance rate ratio of the epithelium is increased. AMiloride interacts only with one set of Na paths and does not interact directly with K paths. PMID- 7277237 TI - Specificity of neutral amino acid uptake at the basolateral side of the epithelium in the cat salivary gland in situ. AB - 1. Amino acid uptake was measured in resting cat submandibular glands with either a natural blood supply or perfused at constant flow with a Krebs-albumin solution. Following a bolus arterial injection of a 3H-labelled amino acid and D [14C]mannitol (extracellular reference tracer), the venous effluent was immediately sampled sequentially. The maximal uptake, Umax, from the blood or perfusate was determined from the paired-tracer dilution curves using the expression: uptake % = (1 -- (3H/14C) X 100). 2. In glands with a natural blood supply, Umax values up to 46% were measured for short-chain (serine and alanine) and long-chain (valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, 1-amino-cyclopentane cyclopentane carboxylic acid, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, histidine and glutamine) neutral amino acids. In contrast, Umax was negligible for amino acids of the imino-glycine group (proline and glycine) and the nonmetabolized amino acids, 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB). 3. In glands with a natural blood supply addition of an unlabelled amino acid to the tracer injectate reduced Umax for the test acid by up to 80%. The pattern of these interactions suggested the presence of two transport systems for neutral amino acids, one preferring short-chain and the other long-chain amino acids. 4. In glands perfused at constant flow rates with an amino acid-free Krebs-albumin solution high Umax values were measured: L-serine (66%), L-alanine (54%), L leucine (43%), L-phenylalanine (42%) and L-tyrosine (51%). Only a low uptake was observed for L-proline (8%) and glycine (14%). There was no uptake of methylaminoisobutyric acid which confirms the result obtained in glands with an intact circulation. 5. Saturation of L-phenylalanine influx was observed in perfused glands as the perfusate concentration of unlabelled L-phenylalanine was increased from 0.5 to 20 mmol . 1-1. A Michaelis--Menten analysis based on a single entry system indicated an apparent Km of 6.4 +/- 0.8 mmol . 1-1 and a Vmax of 1719 +/- 94 nmol . min-1g.-1 6. Since the fenestrated capillaries in the salivary gland are readily permeable to the test amino acid and D-mannitol, it is most probable that the amino acid carriers are located in the basolateral side of the epithelium. 7. The use of a paired-tracer dilution technique to measure uptake in a single circulatory passage has enabled a detailed characterization of neutral amino acid transport in the salivary gland and has overcome the limitation of previous studies based on solute transfer from blood to saliva. PMID- 7277239 TI - [Visceral sensitivity]. PMID- 7277240 TI - [Vasopressin action sites along the nephron (author's transl)]. AB - Sites of action of vasopressin along the nephron were investigated by using a microassay for adenylate cyclase for single pieces of tubule microdissected from collagenase-treated kidneys. In the rabbit, not only the medullary and cortical portions of collecting tubules, but also the thin and thick segments of the ascending limb of Henle's loop were observed to contain adenylate cyclase highly responsive to arginine-vasopressin. In contrast, the other segments of the nephron-including the descending limb of the loop, the distal convolution, and the connecting tubule -- were unresponsive to vasopressin. Qualitative and quantitative species difference were noted between rabbit, rat, mouse and man, regarding vasopressin responsiveness in distal tubules and ascending limbs. As an example, adenylate cyclase in thick ascending limb is not sensitive to vasopressin in man whereas, in rat, it is as responsive as the collecting tubule. The physiological relevance of these results is discussed. PMID- 7277241 TI - [Tension and shortening velocity of slow muscle fibers of cat extraocular muscle (author's transl)]. AB - Tension and shortening of the extraocular muscles were investigated with the aim to evaluate the contribution of the contraction of the slow muscle fibers to that of the whole muscle. The muscle was stimulated either massively (massive stimulation) or at one end (point stimulation). When the muscle was stimulated at one end, the slow muscle fiber would not develop the tension. Let the tension developed by the massive stimulation be M and that by the point stimulation be P, then (M-P)/M, slow fiber ratio, would indicate the degree of contribution of slow muscle fiber to the whole muscle. The slow fiber ratio in tetanus was, 8.1-23% for the inferior oblique muscle, 24-30% for the lateral rectus muscle and less than 5% for the retractor bulbi muscle. The shortening velocity under a small load was independent of the mode of stimulation. The evidence indicates that the resting slow muscle fibers do not act as the resistance against the shortening of the twitch muscle fibers. When the inferior oblique or lateral rectus muscle was stimulated for long time, the tension showed two peaks. The interval between them was 6-10sec and the amplitudes were nearly comparable. PMID- 7277242 TI - [Studies of sodium transport during secretion in the perfused dog submandibular gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277238 TI - Activation delays in frog twitch muscle fibres. AB - 1. The length dependence of the mechanical latent period and early tension development, uncomplicated by latency relaxation, was determined from responses of single muscle fibres to restimulation at the peak of the isometric twitch at 15 degrees C. 2. The onset of the reactivation response showed little (less than 1.5 X 10(-7) N) or no latency relaxation. 3. Reactivation latency was minimal (2.8 msec) and constant at 1.9-2.1 micrometers sarcomere length and it increased by about 3 msec with sarcomere extension to 3.2 micrometers. 4. Reactivation responses showed two stages of early tension development, an initial phase in which tension acceleration increased, and a phase of maximum responsiveness in which tension acceleration was constant; the transition between the two phases occurred about 4.5 msec after the start of the stimulus at 2.2 micrometers sarcomere length and was delayed about 4 msec with increase in sarcomere length to 3.2 micrometers. 5. The square root of the maximum tension acceleration was directly proportional to the degree of overlap of thick and thin filaments in the sarcomere length range 2.3-3.2 micrometers. 6. It is proposed that the onset of the phase of constant tension acceleration marks the end of the period during which the activator, calcium, is distributed throughout the sarcomere. 7. Analysis of early tension transients in relation to myofibril structure showed that length-dependent changes in reactivation latency and time of onset of constant tension acceleration were probably brought about mainly by alteration of the kinetics of distribution of activator within the myofibril and by changes in the diffusion distance between activator-release sites ner the end of the sarcomere and the tension-generating sites. 8. There was a 2 msec myofibril priming delay in the rise of tension in twitch responses that was not seen in reactivation responses; the possible origin of that delay is discussed in relation to structural changes accompanying activation and to competition between calcium-binding structures. 9. The onset of twitch latency relaxation occurred within about 250 microseconds after the time corresponding to latency of the earliest reactivation responses and appeared to signal the start of a process that took place after the arrival of calcium among the myofilaments. The origin of latency relaxation is discussed. PMID- 7277243 TI - Augmentation of thoracic duct lymph flow induced by adrenaline in the rabbits treated previously with propranolol. PMID- 7277244 TI - Fibrinolytic activity in coronary heart disease. PMID- 7277246 TI - Primary acquired hypogammaglobulinemia (a case report). PMID- 7277248 TI - Posterior urethral polyp in a neonate. PMID- 7277249 TI - Intra-osseous lipoma of the calcaneum. PMID- 7277247 TI - Pseudo-aneurysm resulting from traumatic rupture of AV fistula (a case report). PMID- 7277250 TI - A new electrical impedence plethysmogram: observations in peripheral arterial occlusive diseases. PMID- 7277251 TI - Effect of diazepam alone and in combination with chlorpromazine or propranolol in experimentally induced convulsions in mice. PMID- 7277245 TI - Platelet function and blood coagulation in tetanus. PMID- 7277253 TI - Non-specific seminal tract infection and male infertility: a bacteriological study. PMID- 7277252 TI - Evaluation of diazepam alone and in combination with chlorpromazine or propranolol in the therapy of tetanus. PMID- 7277255 TI - Effect of holothurin on Trypanosoma musculi infection in three strains of mice. AB - The effect of holothurin (a marine biotoxin) on the resistance of mice to trypanosoma musculi was measured by studying changes in the parasite population in vivo. Swiss Webster (SW), Beige (BG), and Black (BL) mice treated with holothurin prior to and simultaneously with infection of trypanosomes had lower parasitemias than controls. Higher levels of parasitemia were observed in mice treated after infection with trypanosomes. The timing of administration of holothurin appeared to be an important factor in the observed effect. The minor variations in the parasitemia seemed to be related to the mouse strain. PMID- 7277254 TI - Identification of surface proteins on viable Plasmodium knowlesi merozoites. AB - Viable merozoites of Plasmodium knowlesi were isolated and the proteins that were labeled on intact merozoites by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination were identified. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of Triton soluble extracts of labeled merozoites demonstrated eight major bands ranging in apparent molecular weight from 150,000 D to 22,000 D. Exposure of intact merozoites to trypsin (10 microgram/ml) for 10 min resulted in the loss of the two highest molecular weight proteins (150,000 D and 105,000 D) and the appearance of two new bands at 70,000 D and 62,000 D. Trypsin treatment under these conditions also removed the receptor(s) for merozoite attachment to erythrocytes. Therefore, these high molecular weight proteins are candidates for the merozoite component that attaches to erythrocytes. There was no evidence that the labeled membrane components were serum or erythrocyte membrane components, two potential contaminants in the preparation. Anti-rhesus erythrocyte antibody did not precipitate labeled merozoite proteins. Furthermore, the immunoprecipitation of labeled merozoite proteins by rhesus anti-merozoite serum was not inhibited by erythrocyte ghosts. PMID- 7277256 TI - Kinetoplast DNA in Trypanosoma equinum. AB - Identification and characterization of kDNA is described in the naturally occurring totally dyskinetoplastic species Trypanosoma equinum. Fluorescence microscopy of live cells, using the highly sensitive and specific probe DAPI (4,6 diamidino-2-phenyl-indole), showed the presence of a diversity of extranuclear fluorescent bodies scattered along the length of the organism. Transmission electron microscopic studies revealed a close similarity between the distribution of these DAPI-fluorescing particles and of dense aggregates of nonfibrillar material resembling the kDNA of dyskinetoplastic strains of other species. Variable sized remnants of kDNA, occurring singly or in clusters, were found scattered throughout the mitochondrion. Analytical cesium chloride ultracentrifugation of total cellular DNA extracts showed a kDNA banding profile at a buoyant density equal to 1.691 gm/cm3, representing approximately 11% of the total cellular DNA content. Molecular spreads of isolated kDNA revealed a population of open circular molecules ranging in contour length from 0.11-9.69 micrometer. PMID- 7277257 TI - In vivo and in vitro localization of Leishmania within macrophage phagolysosomes: use of colloidal gold as a lysosomal label. AB - The interaction of Leishmania with lysosomes within macrophages in vivo has been investigated. Lysosomes labeled with colloidal gold in vivo fused with phagocytic vacuoles containing Leishmania amastigotes within the macrophages of infected footpad tissue of BALB/c mice. This localization of Leishmania within macrophage phagolysosomes in vivo is the first confirmation for any obligate intracellulaire protozoon that parasite-lysosome interactions in vitro occur in vivo. PMID- 7277258 TI - False recognition of static and dynamic object properties by preschool children. AB - A false recognition task was used to compare preschool children's use of static and dynamic properties of objects in semantic processing. Four, five, and six year old children heard a list of object names, and then were tested for recognition of these words with a recognition test list that included distractor words that were static or dynamic properties of the objects on the first list. False recognition scores of dynamic properties were higher than those for static, for 4 and 5 year old children, with no differences for 6 year old children. The results argue for a functional basis for the encoding of referential terms in memory, and are discussed in terms of two models of semantic development. PMID- 7277259 TI - Comprehension and production of the /-ez/ plural allomorph. AB - Children's knowledge of morphological elements has traditionally been tested using Berko-type production tasks. Failure to respond correctly in this task may reflect production constraints independent of underlying linguistic knowledge. Accordingly, a detailed comparison of the comprehension of one morphological unit, the /-ez/ plural allomorph, was investigated. Two groups of subjects were tested; (1) those who produced this allomorph correctly and (2) those who failed to produce it. For the subjects as a group, the results indicated that children who could produce the /-ez/ allomorph in nonsense word contexts performed significantly better than children who were unable to produce this allomorph. An analysis of individual performance indicated that almost all of the subjects who produced the /-ez/ allomorph correctly reliably comprehended it. A little more than half of the subjects who failed to produce it evidenced reliable comprehension. The conclusion was drawn that comprehension learning precedes production learning and that production-type tasks may consistently underestimate linguistic knowledge. PMID- 7277260 TI - Elicited imitation in lexical development: evidence from a study of temporal reference. AB - This study examined the use of elicited imitation in investigating lexical development within a semantic domain. For this purpose the acquisition of reference to sequence and simultaneity by 3-5 year old children was examined. Three factors were proposed to account for the older in which lexical items within a semantic field are acquired: restrictedness of a lexical item, congruence with perceptual strategies, and conceptual simplicity. A significantly greater number of correct responses was found in sentences describing sequential events than in simultaneous events. Furthermore, imitations of sentences referring to simultaneity were more degraded than imitations of sentences referring to sequence. The children seemed to begin acquiring reference to temporally related events by learning about words describing serially ordered events. A three stage developmental model is proposed to account for the results. PMID- 7277262 TI - Psychological problems among patients attending an infertility clinic. PMID- 7277261 TI - Effects of clausal structure and word frequency in sentence processing. AB - A phoneme-monitoring task was employed to test the effects of clausal structure and lexical ambiguity on sentence processing. Results supported the hypothesis that the clause serves as a psychologically real unit of sentence processing, with the semantic interpretation of each clause being assigned at the clause boundary. The frequency of the ambiguous or control word preceding the critical item in the phoneme-monitoring task was also found to affect the results obtained, with higher frequency words leading to longer mean reaction times. PMID- 7277263 TI - Coping in the puerperium: the reported experience of new mothers. PMID- 7277264 TI - Psychophysiological reactivity and the prediction of cardiovascular disorders. PMID- 7277266 TI - Psychosocial factors, personality and acute-insidious asthma. PMID- 7277265 TI - Stress and age effects on catecholamines in normal subjects. PMID- 7277267 TI - Types of life events in relation to symptoms at the climacterium. PMID- 7277268 TI - The self-perceptions of children with asthma and asthma/enuresis. PMID- 7277269 TI - Psychological preparation for surgery: patient recall of information. PMID- 7277270 TI - Temporal reliability of a questionnaire measuring psychological response to illness. PMID- 7277271 TI - Polycythemia of stress in a psychiatric hospital population: failure to replicate. PMID- 7277272 TI - Patterns of expression of anger and their psychological correlates in women with breast cancer. PMID- 7277273 TI - The female orgasm--a current appraisal. PMID- 7277274 TI - Is paranoid illness associated with sensory defects in the elderly? PMID- 7277275 TI - Obesity in women in relation to mental illness, social factors and personality traits. PMID- 7277276 TI - Weight gain in adulthood in relation to socioeconomic factors, mental illness and personality traits: a prospective study of middle-aged women. PMID- 7277277 TI - Illness behaviour and outcome following survived myocardial infarction: a prospective study. PMID- 7277278 TI - Veterinary use of antibiotics. PMID- 7277279 TI - Respiratory infections-new agents and new concepts. PMID- 7277280 TI - The returning traveller. PMID- 7277281 TI - Disabling chest disease: prevention and care. A report of the Royal College of Physicians by the College Committee on Thoracic Medicine. PMID- 7277282 TI - [Static radiological measurements of lower limb deformities (author's transl)]. AB - A new method is described which employs three angular components for complete definition of lower limb deformities. These three angles can be the three static angles observed in two large films, anteroposterior and profile, of the two lower limbs (flexion-recurvation, varus-valgus, axial rotation). A more precise definition of the deformity is the rotation of the oblique axis which transforms a normal lower limb (the other side if it is healthy) into a deformed one. In this concept, two angles determine the axis, another angle defining the rotation around this axis. The technique is described and the theory exposed, simple cases being able to be resolved by pure geometry, the matricial theory enabling data processing of other cases by means of a pocket calculator. PMID- 7277283 TI - [A radiologic study of the knee in an antero-posterior incidence with light flexion and standing up position. Its interest in the diagnosis of femoro-tibial osteoarthrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277284 TI - [Transsternal sternoclavicular projection. Diagnostic value in sternoclavicular dislocations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277285 TI - [Celiac artery aneurysms: ultrasonographic appearances in two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two patients were treated surgically for an aneurysm of the celiac artery, one of atheromatous and the other of dysplasic origin. Diagnosis was established by mode B ultrasonography, and confirmed by arteriography and operative findings. Emphasis is placed on the possibility of detecting such lesions, when confronted with an atypical epigastric symptomatology, by means of ultrasonography, particularly by the use of an apparatus in real time. This should enable a more rapid and probably more precise approach to the aorta and large abdominal vessels. PMID- 7277286 TI - [Case of the month: agenesis of the pulmonary artery with associated abnormalities]. PMID- 7277287 TI - [Multiple vascular lesions in Horton's disease. Angiographic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277289 TI - [Hodgkin's disease revealed by an esophagotracheal fistula (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the first published case of an esophagotracheal fistula revealing the presence of Hodgkin's disease. Esophagotracheal fistula is a very rare complication of this disease, as only about twenty cases were found in the literature, but all these patients had known Hodgkin's disease and had received mediastinal irradiation. Radiotherapy has therefore an adjuvant role, but this case clearly illustrates that these fistulae are mainly the consequence of phenomena that are also extremely rare: necrotic adenopathies, esophageal and tracheal localizations. Biopsy was possibly negative in these cases because of the very necrotic nature of the lesions. The prognosis is poor. PMID- 7277288 TI - [Spontaneous extensive duodenal hematoma during fibrinolytic treatment. Ultrasonographic diagnosis and follow-up (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277290 TI - Medical audit in general practice - fact or fantasy? AB - This paper describes how the quality of medical care provided by general practitioners for patients suffering from cardiac failure was assessed. A peer group of general practitioners provided the criteria of adequate process and outcome of care. The impact of a flow sheet design of medical record on the quality of care was tested in a controlled study. Although there were significant improvements in the process measures as a result of the new medical record, there was no measurable benefit in terms of outcome. The particular problems of defining criteria of care in general practice are described and the usefulness of methods of measuring quality whose validity is in doubt is questioned. PMID- 7277292 TI - Problem drinkers and their problems. AB - From general practice records of 9,763 patients, 106 problem drinkers were compared with a control group. The drinkers had a substantially higher number of problems and they consulted their doctor and attended casualty departments frequently. Social and marital problems were especially prevalent in the families of problem drinkers. PMID- 7277291 TI - Acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants: the influence of central heating systems. AB - A cohort of 342 infants in a group practice population were studied during the first year of life to assess whether hot-air central heating was associated with more severe respiratory infections than radiator central heating.Infants born into council house families with ducted hot-air central heating were at no greater risk of contracting severe respiratory infections than those with radiator central heating. The risk of a respiratory infection was positively correlated with size of sibship and maternal smoking habits. PMID- 7277293 TI - Prevalence of hearing impairment in the elderly living at home. AB - Using pure tone audiometry, we assessed the prevalence of hearing impairment in a sample of elderly people living at home and aged 70 or more. Deafness was defined as an average loss over the speech frequencies at 1 kHz, 2 kHz and 4 kHz of 35 db or more in the better ear. We found that 60 per cent of the sample were deaf. This figure is substantially higher than previous estimates arrived at without the use of audiometry. We discuss some possible reasons for this discrepancy and consider the implications of this level of prevalence of hearing impairment for the health care of the elderly. PMID- 7277294 TI - Deafness in adults-screening in general practice. AB - A random sample of 1,083 people, drawn from the lists of two practices in Leeds, was used to estimate the prevalence of deafness among adults. A test for deafness (defined as failure to hear 35 decibels at 1000 Hz in one or both ears) using a portable audiometer proved simple to operate with little observer variation. Eight per cent of adults were found to be deaf. The prevalence of deafness increased with age and was lowest in social classes I and II; there was no significant difference between the sexes. Audiometry showed that 17 per cent of those who thought their hearing was abnormal had no recorded loss of hearing using the stated test and that 18 per cent of those who are deaf would be overlooked if the question "Do you think your hearing is normal?" was used for initial screening in general practice. Less than 20 per cent knew of any services or aids for the deaf apart from those available through general practitioners. PMID- 7277295 TI - Leptospirosis-a diagnostic problem and an industrial hazard. AB - Three cases of human leptospirosis occurred on a small dairy farm at the foot of the Black Mountains in Powys. We describe the clinical course of these three patients and consider the sources of infection and the industrial implications. PMID- 7277296 TI - Psychosomatic disorders in a rural family practice in israel. AB - A survey carried out in the Shimshon family health centre in the rural area of Jerusalem revealed that 24 per cent of new patient-doctor contacts were for psychosomatic disorders.The three major. disorders-back pain, headache and abdominal pain-were present in almost 79 per cent of all psychosomatic contacts. Other common disorders were chest pains, palpitations, malaise and nocturnal enuresis. Classic illnesses such as peptic ulcer or asthma were less common. The incidence of peptic ulcer, asthma, atopic dermatitis and chest pains was higher among males than females; rates for headache, palpitations and malaise were higher for females than males. Back pain, headache and abdominal pains occurred differently among the five ethnic groups of the study population. Therapeutic care is carried out through assessment and study of the patient and his or her family. PMID- 7277297 TI - A course in collaboration for social workers and general practitioners. AB - Patients have overlapping social and medical needs, yet social workers and doctors often have problems in working together to help with them. We planned a short experimental course which was to look at this situation and to help members of both professions learn about each other. This was to encourage attitudes of mutual trust and respect in order to promote future collaboration.The social workers had all qualified within the past year and were working in their first appointment, based either in the community or in a hospital. The doctors were training to become general practitioners and were either members of a three-year vocational training programme or were working in a one-year attachment in local practices.Each session started and ended with the whole course together, but the core of each meeting was case discussion among small mixed groups. In this way social workers and doctors were able to explore together mutual problems of patient care. PMID- 7277298 TI - Why not retake the college examination? PMID- 7277299 TI - Depression following childbirth--a search for predictive signs. AB - Potential risk factors for depression after childbirth were correlated with 13 symptoms of depression in a sample of 618 women from 64 general practitioners.Eight significant predictive factors were identified. The most important were stress after the confinement, depression during pregnancy, a severe attack of the ;five-day blues', a history of previous puerperal depression and previous miscarriage. PMID- 7277300 TI - Primary care and accident and emergency departments in an urban area. AB - During one year all initial attendance from one Belfast general practice to local accident and emergency departments was studied. Of the 784 attenders, 616 (78.4 per cent) referred themselves; the remaining 168 (21.6 per cent) were referred by the general practitioners. The clinical and social characteristics of both groups are compared. The discussion focuses on the appropriate use of primary care and accident and emergency services. PMID- 7277301 TI - Trial of a centralized IgE allergy service to general practitioners in a rural area. AB - We describe a pilot study of a community IgE service which serves a large rural area and is centred on the biochemistry laboratory and allergy clinic of a district general hospital. The service has proved useful because in many cases it has made attendance at an outpatient department unnecessary. The results appear to be reliable and have provided the general practitioners with additional knowledge of their patients. Other benefits included the investigation of larger numbers of patients, the performance of fewer skin tests and greater precision in test results because the tests were carried out by one investigator under standard conditions. PMID- 7277304 TI - Dystonic reactions to Dimotapp elixir. AB - We report on a case where a child was prescribed Dimotapp elixir and developed a severe adverse reaction. PMID- 7277302 TI - Open access to the practice nurse. AB - The work of practice nurses to whom patients are allowed ;open access' was analyzed. The attendance rate for the population registered with the doctors was 964 per 1,000 patients per year. It was found that in nearly half of the attendances the nurse was the person of primary contact for the health care team and that she dealt with three quarters of these cases without referral to a doctor. Further research is required into the management of these patients by the nurse. Although it is the opinion of the practice doctors that the nurses' care was adequate, open access presents them with such a wide range of problems that their work has moved ahead of the legal restrictions placed on general practitioners concerning the delegation of work. PMID- 7277303 TI - Assessing the adequacy of antihypertensive treatment in a health centre in finland. AB - The Finnish sickness insurance scheme provides for free medicines for patients suffering from certain chronic diseases, such as hypertension. The level of control of hypertension among a group of 169 patients receiving free medicine was found to be inadequate. There are implications both for the prognosis of the patients and the cost-effectiveness of the free medicine programme. PMID- 7277306 TI - Why not a standard summary card? PMID- 7277305 TI - Accuracy of the patient identifier in a family practice data system. AB - The accuracy of a general practice data system has been measured and has improved considerably over three years. It is difficult to identify all the factors contributing to this change, but an overall effort to emphasize the importance of recording patient identifiers correctly has been effective. No directly comparable error rates have been reported elsewhere; consequently, relative accuracy cannot be known. Administrators and managers of data systems are urged to determine levels of error and disseminate this information. PMID- 7277307 TI - Photoperiod induction of fertile oestrus and changes in LH and progesterone concentrations in yearling dairy goats (Capra hircus). AB - Oestrus and ovulation were induced in a group of 19 yearling dairy goats which had been maintained for 70 days on a 19 h/day photoperiod regimen. Six yearling females, raised under natural photoperiod, served as controls. An intact, light treated male was introduced to each group 42 days after termination of the artificial lighting. Behavioural, endocrine and kidding observations indicated that 15 of the experimental females (79%) ovulated within 21-30 days after introduction of the male, that 12 (63%) conceived at the induced ovulation, and that 10 (53%) gave birth to live kids, while none of the controls ovulated during this time. The breeding season was advanced between 60 and 80 days. In experimental and control nannies there was a brief, small surge (320 +/- 42 pg/ml) of plasma progesterone which occurred 19.5 days after introduction of the male and which closely preceded oestrus in the nannies that ovulated and at 25 days in control females. Ovulatory surges of LH (to 70 ng/ml plasma) were closely associated with oestrus, and remained above basal levels for 9.0 +/- 0.75 h, in 7 experimental females. Two of 6 control nannies also showed LH surges but they did not ovulate. PMID- 7277308 TI - Action of gonadotrophic hormones on cholesterol side-chain cleavage and cholesterol ester hydrolase in the ovary of the immature rat. AB - Immature rats were injected with PMSG (Day 0) and hCG (Day 3). PMSG caused an increase in cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity and the concentration of its terminal oxidase, cytochrome P-450, and an increase in cholesterol ester hydrolase activity in ovarian homogenates; the activity of both enzymes was further increased after hCG injection. Cholesterol ester hydrolase activity/mg ovarian wet weight was unchanged between Days 0 and 13, but the concentration of cytochrome P-450/mg wet weight increased 3-fold between Days 5 and 6. Cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity, measured in terms of pregnenolone production/mg wet weight, showed its largest increase (10-fold) between Days 6 and 7. Addition of exogenous cholesterol maintained the rate of pregnenolone production in incubated ovarian homogenates on Days 7--9. PMID- 7277309 TI - Detection of the effects of ingested caffeine on fertility of cocks by homospermic and heterospermic insemination. AB - Cocks were fed diets containing 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 or 0.1% caffeine during a 14-day treatment period. The number of spermatozoa produced by cocks fed 0.075 or 0.1% caffeine declined sharply at 12 days after onset of treatment. Hens were inseminated with a constant number of spermatozoa from individual cocks. The fertility of cocks fed 0.05, 0.075 or 0.1% caffeine declined during the 17-day post-treatment period and then returned to pretreatment levels. Cocks whose offspring were distinguishable were paired and relative fertility was assessed in a heterospermic test. One cock in each pair was fed 0.05% caffeine during the treatment period. Hens were inseminated with semen mixed within pairs. The proportion of chicks sired by cocks fed caffeine decreased during treatment and remined at that level until 17 days after treatment, when it increased to pretreatment levels. The percentage of total eggs hatched declined concomitantly with the reduction in the proportions of chicks sired by treated cocks. These results indicate that the effect of low levels of a toxin could be detected by reduced numbers of eggs hatched after heterospermic insemination with semen of normal appearance. PMID- 7277311 TI - Termination of photorefractoriness in the chukar partridge (alectoris graeca chukar) by low light intensity. AB - Adult females were maintained under controlled conditions (22 degrees C, 60% relative humidity and 16 h light/day) within bioclimatic chambers throughout the test. For 6 weeks prior to photostimulation photorefractory birds were exposed to a light intensity of 1, 3, 5 or 7 lux. The intensity was then increased to 50 lux. Control birds were kept in 8L : 16D and changed to 16L : 8D, the light intensity remaining at 50 lux. The time to first egg and the rate of egg production were recorded. A decrease in light intensity alone was able to terminate photorefractoriness in chukar partridge and the threshold light intensity required for a complete termination of refractoriness was less than 1 lux. Light intensities of 1, 3 or 5 lux resulted in a partial termination of refractoriness but 7 lux was completely ineffective in terminating photorefractoriness. The termination of photorefractoriness was therefore not an all-or-nothing response. PMID- 7277310 TI - Absence of species specificity for mammalian sperm capacitation in vivo. AB - Spermatozoa and eggs of one species were transferred into the oviducts of other species to examine the specificity of mammalian sperm capacitation in vivo. Using mice, rats, hamsters and rabbits, 11 different combinations of gametes and host were tested, with cumulus-intact and cumulus-free eggs being placed in opposite oviducts of a recipient. In all combinations compatible with the maintenance of sperm motility over a period sufficient for capacitation, fusion occurred between homologous gametes without regard to the identity of the host environment. The period required for capacitation, as judged by the timing of egg penetration, was a function of the specific character of the spermatozoon more than of the 'oestrous' oviduct. Fertilization level was not enhanced significantly by the presence of the cumulus oophorus, with the single striking exception of mouse eggs in the hamster. Sperm viability was not always optimal in a foreign tract; mouse and hamster spermatozoa became immotile within 2 h in the rabbit. Despite this limitation on sperm viability, some mouse eggs were fertilized in the rabbit, indicating that capacitation is possible even when the environment is suboptimal for motility maintenance. Therefore, while the results indicate that there is no specificity for capacitation as such, it should not be inferred that there is a total absence of specificity in the relationship between the female reproductive tract and gametes. PMID- 7277312 TI - Demonstration of some of the physiological properties of rat relaxin. AB - Relaxin was extracted from the ovaries of pregnant rats. Material possessing uterine relaxing activity in vitro was eluted in three peaks from Sephadex G.50 columns. The 'G3 peak' material eluting in a position comparable to that of porcine relaxin inhibited myometrial activity of rats in vivo, improved the rate of rise of pressure of intrauterine pressure cycles in vivo, and, when administered to rats following progesterone and oestrogen priming, increased the distensibility of the cervix in vitro. This material also stimulated inter-pubic ligament formation in the mouse.. This rat relaxin material therefore exhibits biological actions in the rat similar to those previously assigned to porcine relaxin. PMID- 7277314 TI - Effects of nicotine on uterine blood flow and intrauterine oxygen tension in the rat. AB - Subcutaneous injection of nicotine (0.5 or 5 mg/kg body wt) resulted in a marked and prolonged reduction in uterine blood flow and intrauterine oxygen tension in pseudopregnant rats. By 10 min after nicotine administration (5 mg/kg) uterine perfusion was reduced by 40%, remained suppressed for 90 min and returned to the pre-treatment level by 120 min. Rats receiving the 0.5 mg nicotine/kg also showed a marked reduction in uterine blood flow, although the response was slower in onset and longer in duration. Nicotine (5 mg/kg) also resulted in a sustained decrease in intrauterine oxygen tension from a control value of 48.9 +/- 3.6 to 22.2 +/- 2.6 mmHg at 45--60 min and 21.7 +/- 1.5 mmHg at 60--90 min. The frequency and amplitude of fluctuations in intrauterine oxygen tension were still reduced by 90 min after treatment. PMID- 7277313 TI - Detection of antigens on mouse giant trophoblast cells after incubation with an inhibitor of glycoprotein synthesis. AB - The effect of 6-diazo-6-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), a glutamine analogue, on the development and expression of histocompatibility antigens on primary and secondary giant trophoblast cells has been examined in CBA and C57BL/10ScSn (ScSn) mice. Blastocyst development was normal in concentrations of less than 0.5 micrograms DON/ml, and although there was no change in the expression of antigenic determinants on CBA primary giant trophoblast cells, ScSn cells showed an increase. These strain-specific antigens which were not normally expressed on secondary giant trophoblast cells were detected on CBA and ScSn ectoplacental cone outgrowths after incubation with DON. The effect of DON could be reversed when tissue was incubated with DON + glutamine. Expression of Thy-1.2 antigen and Ig molecules on lymphocytes was unaffected by DON. It is suggested that the giant trophoblast cells of the ectoplacental cone produce a cell surface component which masks antigenic determinants and that there are differences in the amount of the masking agent produced by the primary giant trophoblast cells of the two strains of mouse. PMID- 7277315 TI - An electrophoretically detectable modification of glucosephosphate isomerase in mouse spermatozoa. AB - Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) from mouse testis and spermatozoa revealed a minor band which is not seen in electropherograms of GPI from other tissues. The minor band is associated equally with the two electrophoretic variants of GPI examined. Treatment of tissue extracts with various enzymes, enzyme inhibitors or thiol reagents failed to alter the appearance or position of the minor bands in sperm and testis GPI, or to induce their appearance in GPI from other tissues. No minor bands were seen in electropherograms of testis GPI from immature males, or from males whose testes lack spermatozoa for genetic reasons. PMID- 7277316 TI - In-vitro spontaneous electrical activity of rat efferent ductules. AB - In rats, the branching pattern of uncoiled ductuli efferentes varied; mostly 5-8 ductuli joined in pairs and formed a single terminal ductule which joined the ductus epididymidis inside the epididymal capsule. Ciliary beat and contractions moved the luminal contents in both directions. Myoelectrical activity of the smooth muscle layer consisted of slow waves of about 4 sec duration and their frequency declined distally. PMID- 7277317 TI - Effects of various cryoprotective agents on the survival of unfrozen and frozen mouse embryos. AB - The effects of DMSO, ethylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, dimethylformamide and sucrose on the survival of unfrozen and frozen mouse morulae were examined. All the agents had a deleterious effect on survival of the unfrozen morulae at 20 degrees C. The harmful effect of erythritol was lower at 0 degrees C and sucrose had a protective effect at that temperature. Dimethylformamide and DMSO were more harmful than ethylene glycol and glycerol at both temperatures. Higher proportions of the morulae frozen in DMSO developed into expanded blastocysts when slowly frozen samples were thawed slowly (82%) than when they were thawed rapidly (85%) than when they were thawed slowly (4%). When the samples were frozen in the presence of ethylene glycol or glycerol, higher survival rates were obtained after slow (80--94%) than rapid (1--59%) freezing. When erythritol was used, only embryos thawed rapidly developed (31--50%) in subsequent cultures. Sucrose and dimethylformamide did not afford cryoprotection. Morulae frozen- thawed rapidly in the presence of ethylene glycol, glycerol or erythritol and transferred to recipients developed into normal young. PMID- 7277318 TI - Ovulation following unilateral ovariectomy in the California leaf-nosed bat (Macrotus californicus). AB - Ovulation occurred from the left ovary in all 5 bats that had had the right ovary removed and an implanting blastocyst was found in the left uterine horn in 2 of these bats. All ovulations in the control and sham-operated bats occurred from the right ovary. PMID- 7277319 TI - Oxygen consumption of human endometrium during the menstrual cycle measured in vitro using an oxygen electrode. AB - Oxygen consumption of human endometrial tissue was measured in vitro in air and high oxygen gas phases using an oxygen electrode. The oxygen consumption increased throughout the proliferative phase, peaking around ovulation and then decreasing during the secretory phase. This pattern persisted whether the oxygen consumption was expressed on a dry weight, DNA or protein basis. Storage of the tissue and mincing produced lower values of oxygen consumption. PMID- 7277320 TI - Uterine histology and reproductive cycles in pregnant and non-pregnant opossums, Didelphis virginiana. AB - Uteri (N = 18) were collected on Days 3, 7, and 11 of the oestrous cycle or gestation. Reproductive cycles were monitored by vaginal cytology in captive opossums. There was no difference in length of cycles between reproductive states (29.2 +/- 1.0 (s.e.m.) days). All uteri on Day 3 or Day 7 were similar in total volume, endometrial width, and glandular abundance. However, on Day 11 endometrial widths were significantly less in pregnant animals and stroma appeared diffuse and flocculent in the non-pregnant uteri. The chorio-vitelline membrane induced no change in the size, conformation, or structure of the uterine epithelium. In some areas, trophoblast cells or their cellular fragments were attached to the epithelium, indicating that the embryonic-maternal relationship might entail adhesion or interdigitation as well as apposition. A mucopolysaccharide layer also characterized this interface of heterologous tissues. PMID- 7277321 TI - In-vitro binding of prostaglandin F-2 alpha to uterine luminal proteins of pregnant and non-pregnant ewes. AB - Pregnant and non-pregnant ewes were utilized to determine whether the presence of the embryo affected the binding of prostaglandin (PG) F-2 alpha to a uterine luminal protein. The uterine horn adjacent to the corpus luteum was flushed on Day 13 of gestation or the oestrous cycle. Flushings were incubated with [3H]PGF 2 alpha and subsequently eluted through a Sephadex column. Uterine luminal proteins of pregnant and non-pregnant ewes eluted with the void volume and failed to bind PGF-2 alpha. PMID- 7277322 TI - Sexual maturation and fecundity of wild and domestic Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). AB - A population of captive-reared wild Norway rats and two stocks of domestic rats were compared for various parameters of sexual maturation and fecundity. Males did not differ in age at the first appearance of spermatozoa in the testes but wild males were significantly older than Long--Evans and Sprague--Dawley domestic males at first copulation with a hormone-induced oestrous female. Wild females were significantly older than domestic females at the time of vaginal opening, first oestrus and first conception. Stocks did not differ in length of the first oestrous cycle. Wild females produced significantly smaller litters than their domestic counterparts. Domestic rats were significantly heavier than wild rats at the various stages of sexual maturation. The results support the hypothesis that domestication of the rat has been accompanied by genetic and/or environmental changes that accelerate sexual development and improve breeding success under laboratory conditions. PMID- 7277323 TI - Pituitary and ovarian factors associated with seasonal quiescence of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii. AB - The role of the corpus luteum, the ovarian interstitial tissue and the ovarian cortex in the maintenance of the diapausing embryo was investigated by selective excision of the component tissues from female tammars undergoing seasonal quiescence. The response of the pituitary was assessed by measuring LH in peripheral plasma. No part of the ovary was necessary for the continued survival of the blastocyst in diapause for up to 4 months after ovariectomy, but at 8 months no blastocyst reactivated normally when the mother was treated with progesterone. Reactivation and the normal progress of pregnancy occurred in females deprived of the quiescent CL or the interstitial tissue only if a luteinized follicle or corpus luteum developed in the remaining ovary or a graft of ovarian cortical tissue. Plasma LH became elevated in bilaterally ovariectomized females, but not in unilaterally ovariectomized females or those carrying grafts of ovarian cortex. PMID- 7277325 TI - Observations on the induction of ovulation and expulsion of uterine eggs in the mink, Mustela vison. AB - In 8 of 12 mink paired for the first time, pairing alone induced ovulation and a short (5 min) interrupted mating led to 8/8 ovulating with normal numbers of corpora lutea. However, in already mated mink, a short mating (Day 7) failed completely or partly (reduced number of ovulations) to induce ovulation. In mink which refused to mate, hCG consistently induced ovulation. In already mated mink (Day 0) a later mating (Day 7), even if interrupted after 5 min, led to expulsion of the first set of eggs, approximately 50% of which were 'lost' by Day 4 and virtually 100% by Day 6. This effect was not produced by pairing without intromission or by treatment with hCG to induce ovulation. It is concluded that copulation is primarily responsible for the loss of eggs from the uterus, although the exact mechanism remains obscure. PMID- 7277324 TI - Immunoglobulins in the mouse uterus before implantation. AB - An indirect immunoperoxidase technique was used to study the distribution of IgA, IgG, IgM and albumin in the uterus of primigravid mice. As pregnancy proceeds from Days 2 to 6, IgA-containing plasma cells concentrate around the uterine glands, IgA is found in an increasing number of glands and then in the uterine lumen. At the same time the stroma is progressively invested by IgG, but IgG plasma cells are not present in significant numbers and IgG is very rarely found in glands. IgM remains in blood vessels until Day 5 when it is present in small amounts in the stroma. Albumin tends to follow a pattern similar to that of IgG but in addition is present in the lumen and in a few cells in the luminal epithelium. The growing decidua does not contain immunoglobulin. These results suggest that, as the embryo reaches the uterine lumen, IgA, produced locally by plasma cells, is secreted into the uterine lumen via uterine glands while IgG infiltrates the stroma as a result of increased permeability of the uterine capillaries at the time of implantation. PMID- 7277326 TI - Two preparations for the study of the isolated rabbit oviduct. AB - When rabbit oviducts were slit open along their length, cut into small pieces, and incubated in Krebs--Ringer--bicarbonate medium, the tissue slices took up O2 at a steady rate for 40 min, retained approximately 70% of their adenine nucleotides, and were suitable for metabolic studies of the oviduct. In a second preparation, oxygenated Krebs--Ringer--bicarbonate medium was recirculated at 700 microliters/min through the lumen of the whole oviduct, severed of its blood supply, while the serosal surface was bathed in a similar medium. The preparation took up O2, maintained a steady potential difference across its mucosal and serosal surfaces, and transported 2-deoxy D-glucose selectively for at least 40 min. In oviducts taken from rabbits injected 3 days previously with hCG, there was greater than 4-fold increase in the initial transmural potential difference. PMID- 7277327 TI - The action of anti-inflammatory drugs on the fertility of female rats with intrauterine contraceptive devices. AB - A silk thread (0-0) or a copper wire (0.18 mm diameter) was placed in the left uterine horn of rats, at least 3 days before fertilization. The animals were untreated or given daily injections of 3 mgh hydrocortisone or 30 mg aspirin beginning the day after insertion of the IUD; 2 weeks after coitus, the animals were killed. A longitudinal (less than or equal to 10 mm) silk thread and the copper wire were effective IUDs regardless of treatment. With the short silk thread (less than or equal to 2 mm), implantation occurred in all groups of rats but a high failure rate was observed in hydrocortisone-treated rats (5/9 with implantations). The no. of implantations/no. of corpora lutea (x 100) was much higher (20.4%) in rats treated with aspirin and hydrocortisone than in untreated animals (3.2%) (P less than 0.01). We conclude that the effectiveness of an IUD can be altered by treatment with an anti-inflammatory substance. PMID- 7277329 TI - Pericytes in the stroma of the rat uterus. AB - After ovariectomy and 3 daily injections of progesterone plus one of oestradiol 17 beta, 69% of stromal capillaries of the rat uterus became sheathed with pericytes. On Day 5 of pregnancy the value was 74% but at other times (Days 4 and 6) and with progesterone-only or not treatment less than 15% of capillaries were associated with pericytes. This period of pericyte presence coincides with the time when implantation is possible. PMID- 7277328 TI - Sex and age differences in the specific activity of NAD+-dependent 15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in human fetal kidney tissue. AB - The specific activity of NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) was significantly greater (P less than 0.005) in human kidney tissue obtained from male abortuses aged 10--16 weeks after conception than in female abortuses of the same gestational age and in younger male and female abortuses. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001) between the specific activity of PGDH in fetal kidney and testicular tissues obtained from human abortuses of 10--26 weeks gestational age. These results suggest a role for testosterone in the regulation of PGDH activity in the fetal kidney. PMID- 7277330 TI - The role of oxidative phosphorylation in the generation of ATP in human spermatozoa. AB - Washed human spermatozoa had an endogenous oxygen uptake of 2.14 +/- 0.17 nmol O2/10(8) spermatozoa/min (mean +/- s.e..m., n = 35) which was stimulated by succinate (Vmax = 9.64 +/- 0.44 nmol O2/10(8) spermatozoa/min) but not by other substrates. The ATP concentration in freshly washed spermatozoa was 12.18 +/- 0.54 (s.e.m.) nmol/10(8) spermatozoa (n = 26) and was maintained for 2 h in the presence of 2 mM-D-glucose but fell to 9.56 +/- 0.73 (s.e.m.) nmol/10(8) spermatozoa (n = 13) in its absence. The presence of 2 microM-antimycin A, 2 microM-rotenone, 0.4 microM-carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone or 8 microM oligomycin caused the ATP concentration to fall to less than 2 nmol/10(8) spermatozoa but their effect was partly alleviated by 2 mM-glucose. Sodium malonate (5 mM) prevented the stimulation of respiration by succinate but had no effect on the ATP concentration of the spermatozoa or their ability to produce 14CO2 from [U-14C]glucose. The least active of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes was 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.2) (3.1 +/- 0.6 (s.e.m.) nmol substrate transformed/10(8) spermatozoa/h (n = 4). Cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) was much less active than in rat spermatozoa (22.3 +/- 6.0 (s.e.m., n = 4) and 615 +/- 87 (n = 4) nmol transformed/10(8) spermatozoa/min). It is concluded that human spermatozoa can obtain ATP by the respiration of endogenous substrate but the substrates and metabolic pathways involved remain obscure. PMID- 7277332 TI - Effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on electrical and mechanical activity of the rat epididymis in vitro. AB - Electrical and mechanical activity of the caput and cauda epididymidis were recorded at measured distances from the beginning and end of the epididymal duct. Oxytocin had no significant effects on the caput on cauda. Vasopressin increased significantly the frequency of the electrical activity in the caput and cauda and frequency of contractions and basal tension of the cauda at a dose of 4 X 10(-1) mU/ml and even more at a dose of 4 mU/ml. The maximal increase in frequency of activity was 70-90% in the cauda and about 35% in the caput. PMID- 7277333 TI - Aneuploid spermatocyte frequency in domestic sheep heterozygous for three Robertsonian translocations. AB - In an analysis of the chromosomes in 332 metaphase II figures from 3 triple heterozygous rams (51,xy,t1t2t3) and a further 84 figures from 3 normal rams (54,xy), there were no hypermodal cells in the normal rams but 9 such cells were found in the triple heterozygotes, giving a mean aneuploid frequency of 5.42% which was similar to the levels previously found in the single heterozygotes. Forty hypomodal cells were found in the 6 rams of which a number would have lost chromosomes due to lagging at anaphase I. Individual variation in the aneuploid metaphase II frequency was observed in the triple heterozygotes. A significant surplus of secondary spermatocytes of normal karyotype and a deficit of 25,t1t3 were found in the metaphase II figures from the triple heterozygotes. There was also a significant increase of normal progeny and a deficit of 52,t1t3 and 53,t2 progeny from the matings of triple heterozygous rams and normal ewes. It is possible that the significantly uneven distribution of segregation products in the triple heterozygotes might have been the result of either cell selection or degeneration during spermatogenesis. PMID- 7277331 TI - Modulation of reproductive hormones by suckling and exogenous gonadal hormones in young beef cows post partum. AB - Plasma concentrations of LH, prolactin, progesterone and oestradiol-17 beta were measured during post-partum anoestrus in 12 young beef cows (6 suckling, 6 not suckling). A progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) was inserted on Day 60 post partum for 12 days in 3 cows in each group. Two of three suckling cows exhibited oestrus within 2 days after PRID removal (Day 73) whereas none of the untreated cows showed oestrus before Day 93. Five of six non-suckling cows showed oestrus before Day 60. Intensive bleeding periods on Days 45, 58, 70 and 72 provided plasma samples for LH and prolactin measurements. Suckling did not affect the LH baseline or the number of LH spikes but did decrease the mean value of the spikes; all three of these characteristics were increased for prolactin. The number of prolactin spikes and the length of anoestrus in suckling cows were correlated (r = +0.87, P less than 0.05) as were mean basal LH level and length of anoestrus (r = -0.89, P less than 0.05). A decrease in plasma LH occurred in suckling and non-suckling cows during the period (Days 60-72) they were treated with gonadal hormones. PMID- 7277335 TI - The effect of 6-chloro-6-deoxysugars on adenine nucleotide concentrations in and motility of rat spermatozoa. AB - Spermatozoa from rats treated with 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose (120 mumol/kg/day) were as motile as those from controls soon after dilution but rapidly became immotile when 3 mM-D-glucose was the only substrate present. Control spermatozoa were more motile when 2 mM-pyruvate + 4 mM-DL-lactate rather than 2 mM-D-glucose was present and the former substrate allowed spermatozoa from treated rats to remain motile. The concentrations of the adenine nucleotides declined rapidly during 40 min incubations when th substrate was 2 mM-D-glucose. The ATP/ADP ratio and the energy charge (ATP + 1/2 ADP/ATP + ADP + AMP) were maintained in spermatozoa from control rats but not in those from treated rats. When the substrate was 2 mM-pyruvate + 4 mM-DL-lactate adenine nucleotides were not lost as rapidly and there was less difference between spermatozoa from control and treated rats. PMID- 7277334 TI - Effects of 6-chloro-6-deoxysugars on glucose oxidation in rat spermatozoa. AB - 6-Chloro-6-deoxyfructose or 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucitol (greater than 90 mumol/kg/day), 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose or 6-chloro-6-deoxymannose (greater than 120 mumol/kg/day) and 6-chloro-6-deoxygalactose (greater than 300 mumol/kg/day) all had an antifertility action in the male rat when given by mouth. Spermatozoa from the infertile rats were unable to oxidize glucose. This effect was always produced by a lower dose than the antifertility effect and the threshold dose for the 2 effects varied in a parallel fashion between the different 6-chloro-6 deoxysugars. Glucose oxidation appeared to be inhibited at the triose phosphate isomerase or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction. These effects of 6-chloro-6-deoxysugars are similar to those of alpha-chlorohydrin. The activities of the glycolytic enzymes were greatly in excess of the observed flux through the pathway and high concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate and triose phosphate accumulated in rat spermatozoa incubated with 2 mM-D-glucose. PMID- 7277336 TI - Poly I:C accelerates ovum transport in the rabbit by a prostaglandin-mediated mechanism. AB - Administration of poly I:C (1 mg/kg i.v.) to rabbits 24 h after an ovulating injection of hCG caused accelerated ovum transport; only 30% of the ova were still found in the oviducts 24 h later compared with 79% of ova in control animals. This action of poly I:C was prevented by concomitant administration of indomethacin. Poly I:C (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) given to anaesthetized rabbits produced significantly increased levels of prostaglandins (PGs) E and F in uterine vein blood up to 2 h later. Production of PGs by lung, oviduct and myometrium was unaffected 2 h after poly I:C administration, but production of both PGE and PGF by endometrium was significantly elevated at the same time. Metabolism of PGs by cytosols of lung, oviduct and uterus was inhibited to various degrees at 2 h after poly I:C (1 mg/kg i.v.), but by 4 h after treatment this process was reduced to 70--80% of pretreatment values. It is concluded that poly I:C accelerates ovum transport through the oviduct by a PG-mediated mechanism, and that elevated levels of PGs in oviduct are due to inhibition of metabolism of PGs. PMID- 7277337 TI - Permeability characteristics of the epithelium in the rat caput epididymidis. AB - Micropuncture techniques were used to study the in-vivo transfer of radioactive compounds of different molecular weights across the epithelium of the rat caput epididymidis. Small molecular weight compounds such as 3H2O and [14C]urea equilibrated in less than 20 min and 2 h respectively after intravenous injection. Compounds of larger molecular weight ([3H]polyethylene glycol, [3H]inulin and 125I-labelled bovine serum albumin) entered the lumen more slowly and reached less than 5% of blood plasma concentrations 3 h after injection. The luminal concentration of [3H]inulin remained below 7% of the blood level for 18 h. These results demonstrate that a permeability barrier exists in the epithelium of the rat caput epididymidis. PMID- 7277338 TI - Immunological identification of lactoferrin as a shared antigen on radioiodinated human sperm surface and in radioiodinated human seminal plasma. AB - After lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of either human sperm surface or human seminal plasma, a 72-76 kdalton component was resolved on SDS-7.5% polyacrylamide gels. The approximate molecular weight of this component was consistent with that of human lactoferrin, a major sperm-coating antigen. Immunoprecipitation of labeled sperm surface and of labeled seminal plasma with specific anti-human lactoferrin antibody identified lactoferrin as a constituent of this 72-76 kdalton component both on human sperm surface and in human seminal plasma. These data show that components which have been inferred to be shared because of similarities in biochemical characteristics also contain immunologically identical components. PMID- 7277339 TI - A longitudinal study of cell-mediated immunity in human pregnancy. AB - Studies of cell-mediated immunity, comprising delayed hypersensitivity skin testing with four antigens, PHA and antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation and detection of the lymphokine, monocyte chemotactic factor, were undertaken in 14 women during pregnancy and in the post-natal period. Skin test reaction sizes to SKSD, PPD, Candida albicans extract and tetanus toxoid were not significantly different during pregnancy. In vitro lymphocyte transformation induced by PHA, SKSD and Candida albicans was enhanced during pregnancy. Monocyte chemotactic factor production was not significantly different during pregnancy. These in vitro tests were performed in the absence of autologous sera. These studies indicate that cell-mediated immune responses are normal during human pregnancy. PMID- 7277340 TI - Effects of maternal anti H-Y antibodies on fetal gonadal development. AB - C57BL/6 inbred female mice preimmunized by serial injections of isogeneic male spleen cells were mated and the effects of the circulating anti H-Y antibodies on the fetal gonads and on their fertility were studied. Female mice receiving injections of saline formed one control group and those given female spleen cells a second control group. The experiment was carried out three times and since observations were similar and reproducible the data of all three sets were pooled. There was no significant change in the birth weights of newborns, total number of conceptions or sex ratio in the study group compared to either of the controls. There was no difference in the mean live birth rate between the study group and both the controls. Although the incidence of stillbirths in the study group was higher than that in both controls the difference was not statistically significant. In the study group there were no histopathological changes in the gonads from female pups compared to ovaries from the controls. In contrast, the gonads of male pups showed mild to severe structural disorganization in the study group, but not in the female spleen cell injected group. In spite of the morphological changes in the testes, the newborn male pups had a normal anogenital distance and testicular descent suggesting that Leydig cell function was normal. PMID- 7277341 TI - Failure to demonstrate morphologically the presence of colostral or milk cells in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract of the suckling neonatal mouse. AB - The possibility that intact cells may migrate from ingested colostrum and milk into the gut wall of the nursing neonate has been tested directly by means of radioautographic techniques. [3H]Thymidine was continuously infused into female mice throughout the last 6 days of their pregnancy. Upon delivery, their fully [3H]thymidine-labelled litters were removed and given to nurse from unlabelled surrogate mothers whose own litters were borne simultaneously. These unlabelled litters were similarly removed immediately upon birth and given to the [3H]thymidine-infused mothers to nurse. Infants labelled during gestation and mothers labelled during pregnancy continued to receive thrice-daily injections of isotope for 1-14 days and 1-18 h, respectively, after delivery. The stomach and adjacent portion of small intestine were removed from unlabelled infants nursing from labelled surrogate mothers at intervals of 1-18 h after beginning to suckle, subserially sectioned and prepared for radioautography. From days 1 to 14 after beginning to suckle, the same tissues were removed from labelled infants nursing from unlabelled surrogate mothers and similarly prepared for radioautography. The results indicate that transepithelial migration of intact cells of the colostrum and milk does not appear to be the method by which immunological functions are adoptively transferred to the nursing neonatal mouse. PMID- 7277342 TI - Implantation procedures for intramural obstruction. Pure bilateral implantation in 35 patients. AB - From 1976 through 1979, 740 women were referred to the author for potential tuboplasty; of these, 435 patients (58.8%) were selected for diagnostic laparoscopy. A tubal repair by laparotomy was performed on 280 patients, and 35 (12%) of them were pure bilateral implantations into the posterior uterine wall. The procedure was successful in 24 patients (68.6%). PMID- 7277343 TI - Late complications of sterilization according to method. AB - By using a patient questionnaire, we checked the effects of two tubal sterilization procedures (high-frequency [HF] and endocoagulation techniques) in relation to late complications. In the years following high-frequency sterilization, 23 women (8.9%) had hysterectomies; in the endocoagulation group only 9 patients (2.3%) underwent hysterectomy. Patients sterilized by the unipolar high-frequency technique required one to three curettages in 7.8% of cases, whereas only 2.1% of the endocoagulation group required this procedure. Seventy-nine patients in the high-frequency group (30.9%) exhibited menstrual disorders as compared to only 45 (11.7%) in the other group. The combination of menstrual irregularities and menopausal complaints was found in 7.4% of the HF group, while only 2.8% of the endocoagulation group experienced these problems. Menopausal complaints only, without menstrual disorders, occurred in 4.7% and 3.9% of the women, respectively. Eighty-five percent of 330 patients sterilized by the Semm endocoagulation technique had no menstrual complaints or menopausal symptoms; in the HF group this was the case for 160 women (62%). Our results demonstrate that late postoperative complications arise less often in patients sterilized by endocoagulation. PMID- 7277344 TI - Endocrine profile of patients with post-tubal-ligation syndrome. AB - The endocrine profile of the midluteal phase was assessed in 29 patients with the post-tubal-ligation syndrome, consisting of pain, bleeding and premenstrual tension. Compared to normal controls, the patients had a high serum estradiol and a low serum progesterone level. This abnormal luteal function may be responsible for the symptoms observed and may also explain the failure to conceive following successful reversal of tubal ligation. It is recommended that patients seeking sterilization reversal be screened for abnormal luteal function preoperatively. Selection of sterilization procedures that minimize alteration in luteal function should be given high priority. PMID- 7277347 TI - Microhysteroscopy. A new procedure and its original applications in gynecology. PMID- 7277346 TI - Lysis of intrauterine adhesions under hysteroscopic control. A report of 25 operations. AB - Twenty-five women who had intrauterine adhesions were treated under hysteroscopic control and with ancillary medical therapy. Preoperatively, 18 patients complained of amenorrhea secondary to a curettage of a recently pregnant uterus. Following therapy described in this report, 11 of them subsequently conceived, 6 delivered at term, 2 had premature deliveries, and 3 other pregnancies ended in abortions. All patients resumed normal menses following treatment. A system for staging the severity of intrauterine adhesions is suggested so that results of therapeutic regimens can be compared. PMID- 7277345 TI - Hormonal levels following sterilization and hysterectomy. PMID- 7277351 TI - Labor after cesarean section: from precept to practice. PMID- 7277348 TI - Management of the uncomplicated postdate pregnancy. PMID- 7277349 TI - Obstetric management and follow-up of the very-low-birth-weight infant. PMID- 7277350 TI - Umbilical cord gases in home deliveries versus hospital-based deliveries. AB - Gas values of umbilical cord blood were investigated in 85 home deliveries and compared to 28 primiparous and 57 multiparous matched controls deliveries in the hospital. Controls were matched for age, parity, absence of medical indications for hospital delivery, administrations of drugs, spontaneous labor and delivery, duration of second stage and birth weight percentile. This control group was continuously monitored (fetal cardiotachogram, microblood investigation). The median values for pH in the umbilical artery (7.19) and base excess (-9.9 mmol/liter) in home deliveries differed significantly (p less than 10(-4)) from those of matched controls (7.25 and -7.7, respectively) delivered in the hospital. Similar differences were noted for umbilical venous blood values. It appears that delivery in the hospital with continuous fetal monitoring favors the birth of less acidotic children. Other variables, like the conduct of labor, episiotomies and supine position, have to be investigated in separate trials. PMID- 7277352 TI - A clinical clerkship in a multicenter setting: an appraisal. AB - This paper describes the organization and evaluation of a third-year clerkship in obstetrics and gynecology conducted in a multiple-hospital setting. No difference was detected in objective test performance of students based on the site of the clerkship or in the subjective evaluation of students by faculty in the community hospitals. Students do spend their time in the various hospitals differently, but this seems more attributable to the individuality of specific hospitals than to the university-community dichotomy. PG 1 performance of graduates of the program compares favorably with that of graduates of other schools. It was concluded that community hospitals can carry out their primary responsibility of patient care while making an effective contribution to a university teaching program. PMID- 7277355 TI - Increased lateral diffusion of a lipid probe in the plasma membranes of elicited macrophages. PMID- 7277353 TI - Behavioral states in the human fetus. AB - Simultaneous use of real-time ultrasonographic scanning and cardiotocography has demonstrated that the human fetus exhibits well-developed behavioral states from about 36 week's menstrual age onward. Four states have been identified that are very similar to states that have been described in neonates of equivalent age. Prior to 36 weeks, cycles are present in the state variables individually: however, these cycles are not synchronized. The implications of the alternation of behavioral states in the fetus for antepartum assessment of fetal condition are discussed. PMID- 7277354 TI - The repercussion of population growth. PMID- 7277356 TI - Surface labeling of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes with a nonpenetrating radioactive probe. PMID- 7277358 TI - Post-operative inhibition of macrophage inflammatory responses. PMID- 7277359 TI - Glucose-dependent chemiluminescence of resting rat alveolar macrophages. PMID- 7277357 TI - Enhancement of Fc receptor function during human monocyte differentiation in vitro. PMID- 7277360 TI - Ecological illness: a factor in your caseload and perhaps in your life. PMID- 7277364 TI - Pre-service rehabilitation education: where graduates are employed. PMID- 7277361 TI - Rehabilitation directions: feast, famine or extinction in the 1980's. PMID- 7277363 TI - Cognitive clarity: key to motivation in rehabilitation. PMID- 7277362 TI - Employment outcome of graduates of a rehabilitation counselor training program: a comparison of graduate employment between 1965-1974 and 1975-1979. PMID- 7277366 TI - Predicting evaluation ratings of rehabilitation short-term training programs. PMID- 7277365 TI - The use of horticulture in vocational rehabilitation. PMID- 7277368 TI - Research concerning stereotyped behaviors. Implications and suggestions for the management of profoundly mentally retarded individuals. PMID- 7277367 TI - The new challenges of personnel selection for rehabilitation and human services. PMID- 7277369 TI - The art of vocational rehabilitation casework. PMID- 7277370 TI - Canine parvovirus myocarditis: clinical signs and pathological lesions encountered in natural cases. AB - Canine parvovirus (CPV) myocarditis was diagnosed in 11 puppies during 1979. The diagnosis was made at histopathological examination on the basis of 2 characteristic lesions: a subacute to chronic fibrous myocarditis and the presence of large, basophilic intranuclear inclusions in the cardiac myofibres. The puppies varied from 31/2 to 8 weeks of age and all died suddenly without prior symptoms except for 1 pup which developed a severe respiratory dyspnoea 12 h before death. The presence of white bands or streaks of fibrosis on the endocardial or epicardial surfaces of the ventricles was a characteristic gross finding in 65% of cases. In all cases the lungs revealed a pneumonitis noted as hypercellularity and thickening of the alveolar walls. Alveolar macrophages were present within the alveolar lumens. The latter lesion was regarded to be secondary to heart failure. The clinical symptoms and pathological lesions observed are discussed and compared to these noted by various other workers both in South African and in other countries. PMID- 7277371 TI - A successful herd mastitis control scheme in Natal. AB - Somatic cell counting combined with bacterial identification was successfully used as a method of reducing dairy-herd mastitis problems in Nata. Application of the recommended control measures resulted in an average increase in daily production of up to 2,8 l of milk per cow per day, improvement in quality and reduction in the prevalence of mastitis. PMID- 7277373 TI - Assessment of radiographic positioning for the diagnosis of navicular disease in the horse. AB - Three of the standard radiographic views of the navicular bone were assessed in normal horses and horses with navicular disease to determine the most effective radiographic positioning. Using the upright pedal view, a pastern angulation of 20 degrees from the vertical produced the optimum result when radiographs were taken using a grid. The best result using the high coronary view was obtained with an anode-film distance of 1 1000 mm, and a tube-head angle of 50 degrees from the vertical. When the special navicular view described by Morgan was examined, the most satisfactory projection was obtained using an anode-film distance of 900 mm, a tube-head angle of 55 degree and the primary beam centred between the bulbs of the heel, for the diagnosis of navicular disease, a combination of the upright pedal view and the special navicular view appears most effective. PMID- 7277372 TI - Anthelmintic efficacy fenbendazole paste in equines. AB - A single oral dose of fenbendazole (FBZ) paste at 7,5 mg/kg body mass was given to 5 horses. It was highly effective against adults of the following genera: Cyathostomum, Cylicostephanus, Cylicondontophorus, Poteriostomum, Cylicocyclus, Triodontophorus, Oesophagodontus (and other genera belonging to the subfamily Cyathostominae). Similarly, high efficacy was obtained against the adults of the following species: Oxyuris equi, Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus equinus and Probstmayria vivipara. These results were confirmed in 12 horses and in addition FBZ at 7,5 mg/kg was highly effective against Parascaris equorum, Craterostomum and Gyalocephalus. PMID- 7277374 TI - Application of several physical techniques in the total analysis of a canine urinary calculus. AB - A single calculus from the bladder of a Beagle bitch has been analyzed by a multiple technique approach employing x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and density gradient fractionation. The qualitative and quantitative data obtained showed excellent agreement, lending confidence to such an approach for the evaluation and understanding of stone disease. PMID- 7277375 TI - A mycobacteriosis in a sheep resembling paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). AB - In a sheep which was euthanased because of severe emaciation and weakness, slight thickening of the ileum was seen grossly. Microscopically there was a granulomatous ileitis with obliterative lymphangitis and lymphangiectasis. Granulomatous lesions were also present in the liver and some mesenteric lymph nodes. Large numbers of acid-fast bacilli were present within epithelioid macrophages in the lamina propria of the ileum. Although the identity of the Mycobacterium spp. involved was not established, the possibility of paratuberculosis is discussed. The apparent rarity of this disease in sheep in South Africa is considered. Particular attention is drawn to the absence of diarrhoea in this case, to the slightness of the gross changes and to the importance of submitting material for mycobacterial culture. PMID- 7277376 TI - Ammonium acid urate calculi in a cross-bred yorkshire terrier. AB - The history, clinical signs and pathological findings are described in a cross bred Yorkshire Terrier which developed renal failure subsequent to the development of renal calculi. These calculi were found to consist of ammonium urate, a rare form of calculi in non-Dalmatian dogs. PMID- 7277378 TI - Resistance to organophosphorus ixodicides. PMID- 7277377 TI - Fetal heart failure in a poodle due to widespread metastatic malignant haemangioendothelioma. AB - An elderly male Poodle was presented with haematuria, syncopy, a heart murmur and varying other symptoms which were all treated unsuccessfully. They were linked on post-mortem examination to a widely disseminated metastatic malignant haemangioendothelioma. PMID- 7277379 TI - Correlation of changes in blood chemistry with pathological changes in the animal's body: II Electrolytes, kidney function tests, serum enzymes, and liver function tests. AB - The numerous physiological and nutritional factors which influence the concentration of serum calcium are considered. The causes of hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia are briefly discussed, with particular reference to the clinical symptoms and pathology. The effect of the acid-base status on the serum-ionized calcium level is stressed. The causes of changes in the serum concentrations of phosphorus and magnesium are briefly reviewed, along with the abnormalities of lactate, pyruvate, and hydrogen ion concentrations. The kidney function tests, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and the renal clearance tests are discussed, with emphasis placed on correlating their results with the findings from repeated urinalyses. The important physiologic influences and pathological processes which result in changes in the concentrations of these parameters are delineated. The causes of increases in the serum enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, asparate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, creatinine phosphokinase, amylase and lipase are discussed. The changes in serum bilirubin concentration and its components are fully described, with emphasis placed on the correlation of the findings with urinalysis data and the complexities resulting from the numerous pathologic conditions causing jaundice. These conditions are listed for each of the domestic animals. The other liver function tests, bromosulphthalein dye retention or excretion, serum uric acid and blood ammonia concentration are briefly considered. All the tests described are very useful, and frequently essential, in aiding the veterinary practitioner to arrive at a diagnosis and prognosis, but they never replace clinical acumen. PMID- 7277380 TI - Hyperplastic toenail in a crossbred poodle dog. PMID- 7277381 TI - 6-Demethoxythebaine and its conversion to analgesics of the 6,14-ethenomorphinan type. AB - The 6-demethoxy analogue of thebaine has been easily prepared from codeine via isocodeine and its sulfenate ester. This diene, 7, readily undergoes reaction with vinyl ketones to afford Diels-Alder adducts of the 6,14-ethenomorphinan type. Further reactions afford the epimeric 19(R)- and 19(S)-butyl-6-demethoxy-7 alpha-orvinols (16). Pharmacological testing shows the R diastereomer to be highly analgesic and the s diastereomer to be a much less potent agonist, with similar potencies and relationships as found in the corresponding oripavine series. Thus, any hydrogen bonding between the 6-methoxyl group and the tertiary alcohol can be eliminated as contributory to either the activity of, or difference between the epimeric orvinols. PMID- 7277382 TI - Potential pancreatic imaging agents. Tellurium-123m labeled DL-alpha-amino-gamma (phenyltelluro)butyric acid. AB - This report describes the first successful preparation of a 123mTe-labeled alpha amino acid as a potential pancreatic imaging agent. Tellurium-123m labeled DL alpha-amino-gamma-(phenyltelluro)butyric acid was prepared by basic hydrolysis of the radiolabeled 5-[beta-(phenyltelluro)ethyl]hydantoin. The hydantoin was prepared by the reacitron of 123mTe-labeled phenyltellurol, generated by sodium borohydride reduction of diphenyl ditelluride, with 5-(beta-bromoethyl)hydantoin. Tissue distribution studies in rats with the 123mTe-labeled amino acid for periods varying from 30 min to 24 h demonstrated only marginal pancreatic accumulation of radioactivity. The significant result of these studies is that a general synthetic method has been developed for the preparation of 123mTe-labeled amino acids. PMID- 7277386 TI - Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase: structure-activity correlations of 2,4 diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines based upon molecular shape analysis. AB - A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) investigation of a set of 23 substituted 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines spanning an activity range of 1.8 log (1/C) units was carried out using molecular shape analysis (MSA). C is the molar concentration necessary for 50% inhibition of bovine liver dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The "active" shape of these compounds was deduced by comparing the change in conformational state to the activity of four compounds outside the data base described above. A correlation equation, and analogous in descriptor form to those developed earlier for DHFR inhibition by substituted, 2,4 diaminotriazines and -quinazolines, was constructed. The correlations coefficient, r, was 0.931 and the standard deviation of fit, s, was 0.137. The results suggest that these pyrimidines bind to DHFR with shape features different from both the triazines and quinazolines. It is postulated from the "active" shape of the pyrimidines that it is preferable to substitute at the meta position of the benzyl ring rather than at the para position. PMID- 7277383 TI - New antiarrhythmic agents. 6. Quantitative structure-activity relationships of aminoxylidides. AB - The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of primary and tertiary aminoxylidides with the amino group in the 2-7 position of the acyl chain are described. 2,6-Xylidine was acylated with haloacyl halides and converted to the target compounds by direct amination or by the Gabriel procedure. Alternatively, 2,6-xylidine was coupled with keto acids, and the ketoxylidides were converted to the amines by reductive amination. The target compounds were evaluated in mice both for antiarrhythmic efficacy against chloroform-induced tachycardia and for central nervous system toxicity. Experimentally determined values of partition coefficients and pKa values were used for quantitative structure-activity analyses. While the antiarrhythmic activity could be described as a function of log P alone, the CNS toxicity was best described as a function of both log P and pKa. The results suggest that antiarrhythmic potency can be increased by increasing lipophilicity, while the therapeutic index can be improved by increasing the pKa. PMID- 7277384 TI - Methylangelicins: new potential agents for the photochemotherapy of psoriasis. Structure-activity study on the dark and photochemical interactions with DNA. AB - The interactions both in the ground and in the excited state between various methylangelicins, previously prepared with the aim to increase the low photobiological activity of the parent angelicin 1, and DNA have been studied. In general, the new methylangelicins show an increased capacity to photobind monofunctionally to DNA and a parallel increment of photobiological activity in comparison with the parent 1. This increase appears to be connected with various factors, such as the augmented affinity toward DNA for the dark complex formation and the electronic effect connected with the introduction into 1 of one or two methyl groups. The new compounds, on the basis of their photobiological activity and their lack of skin phototoxicity, appear as possible agents for the photochemistry of skin diseases characterized by cell hyperproliferation. PMID- 7277385 TI - Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase: structure-activity correlations of quinazolines based upon molecular shape analysis. AB - A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) investigations of a set of 35 substituent-diverse quinazolines spanning an activity range of 4.16 log (1/I50) units was carried out using molecular shape analysis (MSA). I50 is the molar concentration necessary for 50% inhibiton of rat liver dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). A correlation equation, analogous in descriptor form to those developed for two sets of 2,4-diaminotriazines which are also DHFR inhibitors, was constructed. The correlation coefficient, r, is 0.965, and the standard deviation, s, is 0.360. A second correlation equation was developed to explain the activities of the quinazolines on the basis of their shape similarity to a 2,4-diaminotriazine in its postulated active conformation as determined in a previous study. This correlation equation is again identical in descriptor form with those previously constructed for the triazines and quinazolines; r = 0.945 and s = 0.451 for this correlation equation. The ability to quantitatively explain activity in a congeneric set of compounds using a structurally diverse reference compound indicates the potential to design new lead compounds using MSA. PMID- 7277387 TI - Effects of 1-arylpyrroles and naphthoflavones upon cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase activities. AB - The inhibitions of cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase activity in microsomes from rat liver by 1-phenylpyrrole, 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)pyrrole, 4(5) phenylimidazole, and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)imidazole have been compared. The results establish that the presence of an imidazole N-3 nitrogen substituent is not required to inhibit the monooxygenase activity measured by the deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin. The presence of an appropriately situated N-3 atom, however, as in 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)imidazole, significantly decreases both the Ki and alphaKi of these mixed type inhibitors. The induction of 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity in the microsomal fraction from rat liver by alpha naphthoflavone, beta-naphthoflavone, and 3-methylcholanthrene and the inhibition of these activities by flavone and alpha-, beta, and gamma-naphthoflavone have also been examined. The results establish that alpha-naphthoflavone is the most effective in vitro inhibitor. The results also indicate that the microsomal monooxygenase activities induced in rat liver by alpha-naphthoflavone, beta naphthoflavone, and 3-methylcholanthrene are not equivalent. Based upon the observed results, it is concluded that differential effects of alpha- and beta naphthoflavone on aryl hydrocarbon skin tumorigenesis may be the result of differential enzyme induction rather than the result of differential enzyme inhibition. PMID- 7277388 TI - Novel immunosuppressive agents. Potent immunological activity of some bensothiopyrano [4,3-c]pyrazol-3-ones. AB - A unique class of immunosuppressive agents has been found be the use of a mouse model of immunity. A number of bensothiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-3-ones are potent inhibitors of both the humoral and cellular immune response developed in mice in response to El4 tumor cells. These compounds exhibit a selectivity for inhibiting the humoral response. Structure-activity relationships and Hansch analyses of data from the mouse model are discussed. One of the most potent compounds, 2-(4' chlorophenyl)bensothiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-3-one (1, CP-17 193), exhibits ED50 values for inhibiting the humoral and cellular responses in the range of 0.5-2 mg/kg, po, in the mouse model and also inhibits antibody production to several other antigens and prolongs skin graft survival in mice. These compounds are shown in several ways to be distinct from the lymphocytotoxic drugs cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. PMID- 7277390 TI - Synthesis and biological evaluation of the methyl esters of (+)-12-fluoro-13,14 dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha and (+)-15-epi-12-fluoro-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha. AB - (+)-12-Fluoro-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha methyl ester (2a) and (+)-15-epi 12-fluoro-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha methyl ester (2b) were prepared from the readily available (-)-7-fluorospiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,2' [1,3]dioxolane]-7-methanol (3). Fluoroprostaglandins 2a and 2b possess truly significant separations of antifertility activity from smooth-muscle stimulating properties. In addition, our studies showed that 2a and 2b were totally inert toward the placental 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. PMID- 7277389 TI - N-Aralkyl substitution of 2-amino-5,6- and -6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalenes. 1. Cardiac and pressor/depressor activities. AB - Amino substitution o rigid forms of dopamine [2-amino-5,6-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalene (A-5,6-DTN) and 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalene (A-6,7-DTN)] with aralkyl functionalities was carried out to investigate the role of such structural modifications upon cardiac inotropic/chronotropic and blood pressure activity. Derivatives of A-5,6-DTN were strong vasodepressor agents devoid action was associated with the dihydroxyphenyl 1-methylethyl derivative, which was also an inotropic selective compound. The amino substituent of dobutamine was ineffective in reducing peripheral vascular action when combined with the rigid forms of dopamine. It was also ineffective in imparting inotropic selectivity when combined with A-5,6-DTN. An analysis of these observations in light of existing structure-activity relationships of aminoaralkyl substitution of other catecholamine structure is presented. PMID- 7277392 TI - Haloacetamido analogues of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannose. Syntheses and effects on tumor-bearing mice. AB - Haloacetamido analogues (fluoro, chloro, and bromo) of 2-deoxy-2acetamido-D mannose and their tetra-O-acetates were prepared from D-mannosamine hydrochloride, with either chloroacetic or bromoacetic anhydride or by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-activated condensation with fluoroacetate followed by acetylation. Comparative specific rotations and 13C and 1H NMR spectra were consistent with a beta configuration for the tetra-O-acetylated derivatives, 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-(bromoacetamido)-beta-D-mannose and the corresponding analogue of glucose inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation into mouse L1210 leukemia cells by 50% (IC50) at concentrations between 6 and 9 microM. 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-(chloroacetamido)-beta-D-mannose was 3 fold more active in the thymidine-incorporation assay (143 +/- 24 microM, IC50) than was the corresponding analogue in the glucose series (425 +/- 62 microM; p = 0.05). All of the haloacetamido free sugars, as well as the tetra-O-acetates of the fluoroacetamido analogues in the glucose, galactose, and mannose series, were inactive in the thymidine incorporation assay at 1mM. In the mannose series the tetra-O-acetylated chloroacetamido and bromoacetamido analogues, as well as the bromoacetamido free sugar, could be administered at relatively high in vivo tolerated doses compared to the corresponding analogues in the galactose and glucose series. These three mannose analogues produced high proportions of cures of Ehrlich tumor-bearing B6D2F1 mice, whereas in the galactose and glucose series only the tetra-O-acetylated bromoacetamido analogues had previously produced in vivo chemotherapeutic activity. PMID- 7277391 TI - A nonmetabolized analogue of phenytoin. AB - Nine novel analogues of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin bearing a CF3 group(s) in the meta or para position of one or both rings were synthesized. Preliminary evaluation of all the analogues (performed by the ADD Program, NIH) indicated no significant anticonvulsant activity against electrical or chemical shock in mice at doses of less than or equal to 100 mg/kg. The analogue 5,5-bis[4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]hydantoin (1) was synthesized labeled with 14C in the 4 position of the hydantoin ring. Certain physicochemical properties (pKa, partition ratio, protein binding, etc.) and the LD50 of 1 in mice (40 mg/kg, ip; 100 mg/kg, po) were determined. The disposition of [14C]1 was determined in rodents. The compound was excreted unchanged in rat feces (94% in 18 days), urinary excretion less than 0.5%. The half-life of elimination of [14C]1 from plasma was 67-72 h (ip and iv) in rats and 115 h (ip) in mice. Studies of tissue distribution and biliary excretion of [14C]1 indicate low tissue/plasma ratios (due to high plasma binding, 97%) and low biliary excretion. The lack of metabolism of [14C]1 may possibly be explained by (1) the strong electron withdrawing effects of CF3 substituents, (2) the preemption of the primary metabolic sites, (3) the accompanying steric hindrance, and (4) the apparent inability of the CF3 group to undergo the NIH shift. PMID- 7277393 TI - Synthesis and antitumor activity of a series of sulfone analogues of 1,4 naphthoquinone. AB - A series of novel substituted thiochromones and thiochroman-4-ones was synthesized. Compounds were designed as analogues of naphthoquinone and as potential "bioreductive alkylating agents" and were tested for antitumor activity. The lead compound, 3-(chloromethyl)thiochromone 1,1-dioxide (4), inhibited Ehrlich ascites tumor growth by 100% in CF1 male mice at 10 (mg/kg)/day ip. Similarly, 18 of the 29 related compounds demonstrated good activity in this tumor screen. Few definitive structure-activity correlations were evident regarding the nature of the 3-substituent. However, the 2,3 double bond and a sulfone or sulfoxide were required for activity. Four of the compounds synthesized showed marginal but significant activity against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7277395 TI - (Acylaryloxy)acetic acid diuretics. 3. 2,3-Dihydro-5-acyl-2-benzofurancarboxylic acids, a new class of uricosuric diuretics. AB - The discovery that dihydroethacrynic acid and other (4-acylphenoxy)acetic acids possessed modest but significant uricosuric and diuretic activity prompted our investigation of the related 2,3-dihydro-5-acyl-2-bensofurancarboxylic acids. Synthetic routes to a number of these compounds are presented along with the structure-activity relationships generated from studies in rats, dogs, and chimpanzee. Examination of the enantiomers of 6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-5-(2 thienylcarbonyl)-2-benzofurancarboxylic acid (10c) in the chimpanzee revealed that all diuretic and saluretic activity is due to the (+) enantiomer 10d, while the (-) enantiomer 10e is responsible for all of the uricosuric activity. X-ray analysis showed that the (-) enantiomer 10e possesses the 2R configuration. PMID- 7277394 TI - A comparison of mutagenic and carcinogenic activities of aniline mustards. AB - A set of 15 derivatives of aniline mustard (I) was tested to give a quantitative measure of mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA-1535 and TA-100 and also carcinogenicity as lung tumors in strain-A mice. The structural variation in the set was chosen to minimize collinearity between hydrophobic, electronic, and molar refractive properties. By these measures, there was not a direct relationship between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity; in fact, since the 4-OPh analogue ranked highest in mutagenicity and among the lowest in carcinogenicity, while the reverse was noted for the 3,5-(NHCONH2)2 analogue, an inverse relationship was marginally significant. S-9 activation was required in the Ames test using TA-100, and the dose-response curve, prior to toxicity, appeared biphasic. PMID- 7277396 TI - (Acylaryloxy)acetic acid diuretics. 4. Indeno[5,4-b]furan-2-carboxylic acids. AB - Investigation of the chemistry of the potent new uricosuric diuretic indacrinone (MK-196) led to a class of novel annulated derivatives, indeno[5,4-b]furan-2 carboxylic acids. The structural requirements for optimal diuretic and uricosuric activity of the tricyclic analogues differed from those of their (indanyloxy)acetic acids counterparts. Most notably, the tricyclic analogues were two to four times more natriuretic than the corresponding (indanyloxy)acetic acids when administered orally to rats, and in chimpanzees, uricosuria was observed only in those indenofurans having a nuclear aryl substituent. PMID- 7277397 TI - Synthesis and antiallergy activity of 4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]thieno[2,3 d]pyrimidines. AB - A series of 4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with substitutions in the 2, 3, and 7 positions was prepared. The compounds were evaluated in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test for antiallergy activity. Several compounds had potent oral activity and were found to be superior to disodium cromoglycate and doxantrazole. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. PMID- 7277398 TI - Synthesis and serotonin-like activity of 2-amino-5,8-dimethoxy-6-methyl-1,2 dihydronaphthalene. PMID- 7277399 TI - Synthesis of ala-pro-gly-[Ile3, Val5]angiotensin II isolated from the skin of the australian frog Crinia georgiana. AB - Ala-Pro-Gly-[Ile3, Val5]angiotensin II was synthesized by Merrifield's solid phase procedure. The peptide was purified by chromatography on successive columns of anion-exchange resin, Sephadex G-25 and SP-Sephadex C-25; its homogeneity was determined by degradation with alpha-chymotrypsin, ionophoresis, thin-layer chromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The dansyl derivative of this angiotensin has the same chromatographic behavior (TLC) as the dansyl undecapeptide, "Crinia angiotensin II", isolated from the skin of the Australian frog Crinia georgiana. The pressor activity of the synthetic undecapeptide (in rats anesthetized with sodium amytal, followed by treatment with a solution of hexamethonium chloride containing polyvinylpyrrolidone, and vagotomy) was 90.6 +/- 4.99% (n = 26, 7 rats) of that of [Ile5]angiotensin II (human angiotensin II). PMID- 7277400 TI - Synthesis of 5'-thymidinyl bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphinates as antineoplastic agents. AB - Reaction of 3'-acetylthymidine with phosphorus oxychloride in trimethyl phosphate yielded the phosphorodichloridate 5, which was subsequently reacted with aziridine, or 2,2-dimethylaziridine to give compounds 6 and 7, respectively. The 2,2-dimethylaziridine derivative 7 was considerably more active than 6 against leukemia L1210 and P-388 in mice but less active than the previously synthesized, simpler phosphinate derivatives 2 and 3. It appears that the thymidine moiety did not enable these compounds to use the nucleoside transport mechanism of the cells and also failed to increase the selectivity of the 2,2-dimethylaziridine analogues by interference with their binding to cholinesterase. Compound 7 strongly inhibited horse serum cholinesterase, while 6 was inactive. PMID- 7277401 TI - Nucleosides. 114. 5'-O-Glucuronides of 5-fluorouridine and 5-fluorocytidine. Masked precursors of anticancer nucleosides. AB - 5'-O-Glucuronides of anticancer nucleosides, 5-fluorouridine and 5 fluorocytidine, were synthesized by three different methods. The best preparative procedure was the one starting from benzyl 5-O-(methyl 2', 3', 4'-tri-O-acetyl beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-ribof uranoside (15) that was obtained almost quantitatively by condensation of benzyl 2,3-O isopropylidene-beta-D-ribofuranoside (8) with methyl (2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D glucopyranosyl bromide)uronate (2). After de-O-isopropylidenation of 15, the crystalline product, benzyl 5-O-(methyl 2', 3', 4'-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D glucopyranosyluronate)-beta-D-ribofuranoside (16), was de-O-benzylated catalytically to 5-O-(methyl 2', 3', 4'-tri-O-acetyl-beta-glucopyranosyluronate) D-ribofuranose (17). Compound 17 was acetylated to crystalline 5-O-(methyl 2',3',4'-tri-O-acteyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-1,2,3-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D ribofuranose (18) and condensed with trimethylsilylated 5-fluorouracil of 5 fluorocytosine in the presence of SnCl4 to afford the corresponding protected nucleosides 5 and 19 in good yields. Saponification of these compounds gave 5'-O beta-D-glucuronides of 5-fluorouridine and 5-fluorocytidine (20 and 21) isolated as their crystalline N salts. These glucuronides were substrates of both bacterial and bovine beta-glucuronidase. They were, as expected, much less toxic against several leukemia cell lines in tissue culture. PMID- 7277402 TI - Aporphines. 34. (-)-2,10,11-Trihydroxy-N-n-propylnoraporphine, a novel dopaminergic aporphine alkaloid with anticonvulsant activity. AB - (-)-2,10,11-Trihydroxy-N-n-propylnoraporphine (TNPA,2c) has been synthesized from thebaine (3a), via northebaine (3b), normorphothebaine (2a), and alkylation to the N-propyl derivative 2b. O-Demethylation gave the desired product 2c. Compound 2c showed activity comparable to its 10,11-dihyroxy counterpart (NPA, 1b) on the stimulation of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in carp retinal homogenates. The evaluation of 2c on audiogenic seizures in mice, in the protection against paroxysimal EEG and myoclonic response to photic stimulation in the baboon, revealed a similar pharmacological profile in comparison to NPA and apomorphine, with TNPA showing a prolonged duration of action in abolishing myoclonic response to photic stimulation in the baboon. PMID- 7277403 TI - Compatibility of the Free-Wilson and Hansch quantitative structure-activity relations. PMID- 7277405 TI - Studies on phenethylamine hallucinogens. 2. Conformations of arylmethoxyl groups using 13C NMR. AB - Carbon-13 chemical shift (delta) and spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) measurements were used to determine the conformation around the Ar-OCH3 bond of the arylmethoxyl groups in a series of substituted phenethylamines. Methoxyl groups flanked by two ortho substituents have delta 13C values higher (60.5-62.5 ppm) than those with one or no ortho substituents ((55.5-57.5 ppm) and T1 values considerably longer than those of the other methoxyl groups in the same molecule. These measurements indicate that methoxyl groups with two ortho substituents acquire the out-of-plane conformation, while those with one or no ortho substitutents exist in the planar conformation. Phenethylamine analogues with methoxyl groups in the out-of-plane conformation have low or no psychotomimetic activity. A possible explanation is that the out-of-plane methoxyl group interferes with the binding of the electron-rich methoxy-substituted aromatic ring to a corresponding electron-deficient component on the active site of the receptor. PMID- 7277404 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of the male antifertility properties of a series of N unsubstituted sulfamates. AB - A series of six aliphatic and one carbocyclic N-unsubstituted sulfamates have been synthesized and evaluated as potential male antifertility agents. Three of the aliphatic sulfamates, 1,2-ethanediyl sulfamate (1), 1,3-propanediyl sulfamate (2), and 1,4-butanediyl sulfamate (3), when administered orally to male rats caused a decrease in the number of pregnant females and/or implantation coupled with increased embryonic and fetal resorption. The compounds were prepared by treating the appropriate glycol salt with sulfamoyl chloride or by the cleavage of a tert-butylsulfamate with trifluoroacetic acid. PMID- 7277406 TI - The place of confinement--a question of statistics or ethics? PMID- 7277407 TI - Doctor-patient relationships in general practice--a different model. AB - Philosophical concerns cannot be excluded from even a cursory examination of the physician-patient relationship. Two possible alternatives for determining what this relationship entails are the teleological (outcome) approach vs the deontological (process) one. Traditionally, this relationship has been structured around the 'clinical model' which views the physician-patient relationship in teleological terms. Data on the actual content of general medical practice indicate the advisability of reassessing this relationship, and suggest that the 'clinical model' may be too limiting, and that a more appropriate basis for the physician-patient relationship is one described in this paper as the 'relational model'. PMID- 7277408 TI - The right to life. PMID- 7277410 TI - The houseman and the dying patient. PMID- 7277409 TI - The pregnant Jehovah's Witness. AB - The prospect of dealing with a rapidly and inexorably bleeding patient fills most medical practitioners with alarm. When that patient is a Jehovah's Witness, the knowledge that a blood transfusion is likely to be refused turns that alarm into a state of acute anxiety and conflict. This state is further heightened when the patient is young and otherwise healthy--a situation found particularly in obstetric practice with the occurrence of ante- and post-partum haemorrhage, and ectopic pregnancy. In the last 25 years in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, there has been one maternal death in which the refusal to accept a blood transfusion has been considered to be an avoidable factor. In this article I have attempted to identify the magnitude of the problem in obstetric practice and have sought to clarify the moral and legal aspects. PMID- 7277411 TI - 'Section 47'. PMID- 7277412 TI - Rights. PMID- 7277413 TI - Surrogate mothers: private right or public wrong? PMID- 7277414 TI - A solution to the resource allocation debate? PMID- 7277415 TI - Recurrence risks for neural tube defects in a genetic counseling clinic population. AB - The recurrence of neural tube defects (NTD) in the sib following the index case of all patients who consulted the South-East Thames Regional Health Authority Genetics Centre in the period 1972 to mid-1979 was calculated. A total of 1037 consecutive patients was studied, of whom 958 (93%) were traced. The overall recurrence was 3.44% (1 in 29). However, if the index case was the first affected child in the family, the recurrence in the next sib was 3.15% (1 in 32), and if it was the second affected child, the recurrence was 11.76% (1 in 9). These figures give an indication of the actual recurrence among the 'selected' population who consult a genetic advice centre, and are somewhat, but not significantly, different from figures for the general NTD population, which have been derived from studies of whole families. PMID- 7277417 TI - The bristol registry of bone dysplasias: the first 10 years. AB - The Bristol Bone Dysplasia Registry was established in 1969. The panel included radiologists, paediatricians, orthopaedic surgeons, pathologists, a paediatric biochemist, an anatomist/anthropologist, a veterinary surgeon, dentists and oral surgeons, and a psychiatrist. The panel met every two months. Cases either entered the Registry directly if they were straightforward or after discussion by the panel if there was doubt about the diagnosis or a point of special interest. A total of 468 cases was collected, including 81 cases with miscellaneous bony disorders and 34 cases where the diagnosis was uncertain. The Registry provided a useful regional diagnostic service and promoted interest in body dysplasias. Some of the research aims have not yet been fully achieved. This paper explains how the Registry is run to help those whom it is hoped will set up similar registries elsewhere. PMID- 7277416 TI - A family study of hydrocephalus resulting from aqueduct stenosis. AB - Stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius accounts for about one third of cases of congenital hydrocephalus. At least 32 families have been reported in which the aqueduct stenosis is inherited in an X linked fashion. In half of these families, flexed adducted thumbs were noted in some affected family members. Occasionally other male members were mentally retarded, suggesting limited expression of the gene. The problem of giving genetic advice to an isolated, clinically unremarkable, case of aqueduct stenosis remains, so a family study was undertaken based on 24 such cases seen at The Hospital for Sick Children over a 19-year period. There were 15 male and nine female index patients. The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by air encephalogram. One boy had a radial club hand and another developed clasped thumbs secondary to spasticity. No cases had hyaloidoretinal dysplasia. The 15 boys had 18 brothers and 19 sisters, of whom one sister was similarly affected. The nine girls had 12 sibs, none of whom was affected. This study, combined with a similar study in the USA, suggests that the empirical risk of recurrence of a sporadic case of aqueduct stenosis is about 4.5%. PMID- 7277418 TI - Dominant transmission of Sprengel's shoulder and cleft palate. PMID- 7277419 TI - Effectiveness of one tube osmotic fragility screening in detecting beta thalassaemia trait. AB - The effectiveness of the one tube method of osmotic fragility with three buffered solutions (0.32% saline, 0.36% saline, and tyrode) as a screening test for beta thalassaemia trait was evaluated in several groups of subjects from Greece, Yugoslavia, and Thailand. The results clearly demonstrated that 0.36% saline is the most sensitive and effective solution since it could detect 96 to 100% of heterozygotes with beta-thalassaemia, compared to about 80% with both 0.32% saline and tyrode. However, 0.36% saline gave false positive results in normal subjects and was also positive in haematological disorders which influence osmotic fragility. The screening test with 0.36% saline was applied more precisely in 1371 subjects. The test was false positive in 41 (9.1%) of 455 normal subjects while of 438 confirmed heterozygotes with beta-thalassaemia it was positive in 431 (98%) and negative in only seven (2%). The test was also found to be positive in 80% of patients with iron deficiency anaemia and alpha thalassaemia trait, in 68% of patients with Hb E trait, in 40% of patients with Hb S trait, and in 78% of heterozygotes with rare haemoglobin variants. The increased sensitivity and effectiveness of 0.36% saline in detecting beta thalassaemia trait and other disorders influencing osmotic fragility as compared to 0.32% saline and tyrode solutions was also confirmed in a study of 384 unselected schoolchildren. PMID- 7277420 TI - Phenotypic and quantitative relationship of red cell acid phosphatase with haemoglobin, haptoglobin, and G6PD phenotypes. AB - The phenotypic and quantitative relationship of red cell acid phosphatase with haemoglobin, haptoglobin, and G6PD phenotypes was investigated in three populations in the Sudan and one population in Nilgiris, India. No significant consistent association of red cell acid phosphatase phenotypes was observed with these polymorphisms. However, there was a lack of acid phosphatase AB in G6PD deficient subjects from Nilgiris. The relative quantitative expression of red cell acid phosphatase genes PA, PB, and PC was 1.0, 1.2, and 1.3, respectively. The red cell acid phosphatase activity was higher (15%) in the presence of raised haemoglobin A2 and in sickle cell anaemia (21%). Those with Hp2 had 18% higher level of acid phosphatase than those with Hp1. G6PD deficient subjects had a lower level of acid phosphatase activity (20%) than those with normal G6PD activity. PMID- 7277421 TI - Genetic and clinical patterns of heritable cerebellar ataxias in adults. II. Clinical manifestations. AB - Clinical data on 244 probands with spinocerebellar types, 163 with late cortical cerebellar atrophies (LCCA), and 180 with olivopontocerebellar atrophies (OPCA) were analysed. Spinocerebellar cases were divided into three according to their estimated genetic mechanisms: recessive, dominant, or sporadic. Ages of onset were identical in sporadic spinocerebellar types, LCCA, and OPCA, the average being about 50. They showed highly correlated clinical patterns. In the light of other evidence, these diseases may represent a premature aging process in the central nervous system, probably determined multifactorially. Recessive spinocerebellar cases were very few. There were 127 cases of spinocerebellar types with dominant inheritance, characterised by age of onset around 33, colourful ocular signs, and spasticity. A large family with this disease was described in which 34 patients were affected through five generations. The computed tomograms showed an almost normal cerebellum and electronystagmograms indicated patterns of vestibulocular impairment. No necropsied case was available among the present material, but in pathological reports of similar cases, major lesions were found in the ventral and the dorsal spinocerebellar tracts, Clarke's columns, and the posterior columns in the spinal cord. This disease, or hereditary spastic ataxia, represented a fairly well-defined entity inherited dominantly among a group of cases with spinocerebellar types, and it was separable from LCCA or OPCA, not only on clinical and genetic grounds, but by a predominantly spinal involvement. PMID- 7277422 TI - 'Pseudo-dominant' inheritance in Friedreich's ataxia. AB - A family is described in which Friedreich's ataxia occurred in two generations. It is proposed that this resulted from a homozygote-heterozygote mating. The heterozygote frequency for the Friedreich's ataxia gene is in the order of 1 in 110, so the likelihood of the disease developing in an individual child of a patient is 1 in 220. This risk is probably higher than that often assumed when counselling patients with this disorder. PMID- 7277423 TI - A clinical study of a family with Cockayne's syndrome. PMID- 7277425 TI - Cystic fibrosis and the month of birth. PMID- 7277426 TI - Asplenia and polysplenia syndromes with abnormalities of lateralisation in a sibship. AB - In the family presented here the first child had asplenia syndrome with cor biloculare' transposition of the great vessels, pulmonary stenosis, and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Another sib had situs inversus with polysplenia syndrome, including very similar cardiovascular defects and biliary atresia. The possibility that these two syndromes, namely asplenia and polysplenia, are different manifestations of a similar defect in the normal asymmetrical development of internal organs is discussed. PMID- 7277427 TI - Ring chromosome 14: a distinct clinical entity. AB - An infant girl with ring chromosome 14 is presented. The findings in this patient and in six previously reported cases of a ring 14 suggest that a characteristic clinical syndrome is associated with this chromosome aberration. The major features of the ring chromosome 14 syndrome include mental retardation, a disorder of skin pigmentation, seizures, and dysmorphic features, including flat occiput, epicanthal folds, downward slanting eyes, flat nasal bridge, upturned nostrils, short neck, and large low set ears. PMID- 7277424 TI - The Patterson syndrome, leprechaunism, and pseudoleprechaunism. AB - A bizarre syndrome has hitherto masqueraded as leprechaunism, and although it is a quite different disorder it has been used as the prototype of leprechaunism in some birth defects atlases. It is proposed that this condition is designated the Patterson syndrome and details of a second case are reported. The features of this connective tissue and neuroendocrine disorder include bronzed hyperpigmentation, cutis laxa of the hands and feet, bodily disproportion, severe mental retardation, and major bony deformities. Radiographs revealed a unique and gross generalised skeletal dysplasia, unlikely to be confused with any other disorder. This endocrine abnormality comprised hyperadrenocorticism, cushingoid features, and diabetes mellitus in the first case, and premature adrenarche in the second case. The pathogenesis and aetiology of the Patterson syndrome are unknown, although quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of mucopolysaccharide excretion were found in the second case. PMID- 7277428 TI - A 5;7, 5;12 double reciprocal translocation in a normal mother and a 5;7 translocation with a recombinant chromosome 5 in her normal child. AB - A phenotypically normal mother had two apparently balanced translocations involving chromosomes 5, 7, and 12. Her karyotype was 46,XX,t(5;7) (5;12) (p14q34;p14;q21), while her daughter, who was also phenotypically normal, had inherited only one of the translocations. Her karyotype was 46,XX,-5, 7,+rec(5)t(5;7) (q34;p14)mat,+der(7)t(5;7) (q34;p14)mat. The other was lost during a meiotic crossing over, giving the daughter an apparently balanced chromosome complement. PMID- 7277429 TI - Hydrocephalus, agyria, pseudoencephalocele, retinal dysplasia, and anterior chamber anomalies. AB - An infant presenting with hydrocephalus, pseudoencephalocele, agyria, and ocular defects, consisting of anterior chamber anomalies and retinal dysplasia, is reported. This is thought to be a further case of an autosomal recessive syndrome of which six cases have been previously described. PMID- 7277430 TI - Fetal cells in the blood of pregnant mothers. PMID- 7277431 TI - Recurrence risk of neural tube defects. PMID- 7277432 TI - Practice locations of family practice residency graduates. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the practice location patterns of 1970 1978 graduates of family practice residency programs. Comparisons were made between the number of graduates practicing in a region in 1979 with the number of all graduates during 1970-1978 from family practice residency programs in that region and with the number of all graduates from medical schools in that region who eventually completed family practice residencies elsewhere. The Middle Atlantic and West North Central regions showed marked decreases, while the Mountain, Pacific, and New England regions showed increases. The majority practiced more than 100 miles from their residency program. Most respondents practicing in a nonmetropolitan area moved outside of a 100-mile radius from their residencies. Most respondents practicing in a metropolitan area practiced within the 100-mile radius. Physicians were likely to be practicing in a community similar to their backgrounds. PMID- 7277433 TI - Personal characteristics and achievements of medical students from urban and nonurban areas. AB - To meet the physician shortage in rural America, medical schools have attempted to enroll more students from farms and small towns. How successful these schools have been in selecting rural students who perform satisfactorily as undergraduates has rarely been documented. Accordingly, this research compares the performance and the predictors of performance of urban and nonurban students in a B.A.-M.D. program. Upon admission, students from nonurban areas have personal attributes and achievement levels similar to those of urban students. At the end of the second year of the program (the curriculum period marked by the highest attrition rate), the performance of nonurban and urban students is also indistinguishable. However, the student characteristics which are most predictive of that subsequent performance in the program depend upon the rural/urban origins of the students. PMID- 7277435 TI - The faculty and continuing medical education: an attitude study. AB - Meager or nonexistent faculty reward systems hamper continuing medical education (CME) programs conducted by U.S. medial schools. In light of a growing number of mandatory CME regulations and a consequent increase in physician attendance of CME programs, the need for a competent faculty is apparent. A survey of faculty members designed to ascertain the importance of a faculty reward system was conducted by the University of Washington Division of Continuing Medical Education. Results reveal that faculty members are twice as likely to teach in CME programs outside of the university system as within the system. Survey respondents of nonprofessor rand considered faculty advancement the single greatest source of encouragement to participate in CME programs, yet this participation is seldom considered by the university in evaluations for promotion or tenure. If medical schools are to accept a responsibility for the continuing education of medical professionals, a commitment to provide adequate faculty incentive is imperative. PMID- 7277436 TI - Minority recruitment to the health professions: a matched comparison six-year follow-up. AB - An experiential program was designed to attract minority students to health careers and to affect the supply and distribution of health manpower in a medically underserved area. A six-year follow-up study of participants and a matched comparison group of nonparticipants indicate the value of the program. Participants were found to by employed in health careers and to achieve long-term career preferences more often than nonparticipants, even though they experienced slightly more obstacles to career attainment. Although more of the participants appeared to remain in the underserved area to practice their health profession, respondents from both groups who had achieved a health career and who had been educated in the underserved area were more likely to remain in the area to practice. This study is evidence of the value of long-term follow-up evaluation. PMID- 7277434 TI - Academic anxiety, locus of control, and achievement in medical school. AB - Programs designed to assist medical students in academic difficulty typically fail to consider the importance of such factors as academic anxiety and the individual's mechanisms for coping with stress. The authors have addressed this issue by examining relationships among prior achievement, academic anxiety, locus of control, and performance in the first year of medical school. Academic anxiety not only was found to be significantly related to first year performance, but also, when combined with a measure of prior achievement, resulted in a significant increase in prediction. Additional evidence is presented which suggests that the relationship between academic anxiety and achievement may be curvilinear. Locus of control was found to correlate significantly with academic anxiety and tended to shift in a direction of greater externality during the first year of medical school. Findings are discussed within the framework of existing psychological research, and implications are presented for medical admissions, curricula, and counseling. PMID- 7277437 TI - Educational needs in general internal medicine as perceived by prior residents. PMID- 7277438 TI - Educational priorities in the newborn nursery. AB - The newborn nursery provides an ideal setting for introducing basic concepts in primary care. The incorporation of the new born (low risk) nursery as a component of a division of ambulatory and community pediatrics presents an opportunity to address many of these issues and provides a focus for mother-child and family institution bonding. In the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center nursery, management plans of residents and medical students are reviewed by a multidisciplinary team. The team considers the many physiologic adjustment a newborn infant must undergo to adapt successfully to its environment and discusses the impact of psychosocial stress, economic conditions, citizenship status, and environmental concerns on the ability of the parents to provide a supportive environment for their infant. Supervision of direct patient care and administrative responsibility for medical decisions in the nursery are the duties of the child health associate assigned to the nursery and his supervising physician. PMID- 7277439 TI - Validity of the new MCAT for predicting GPA and NBME part I examination performance. PMID- 7277441 TI - Multiple pathways in medical education. PMID- 7277440 TI - An experiment in cross-border medical education. PMID- 7277442 TI - Evaluation of a nutrition education program for medical students. PMID- 7277443 TI - A logbook system for monitoring student skills and experiences. PMID- 7277444 TI - Admission data: their use in health planning, legislative presentations, and premedical programs. PMID- 7277446 TI - Graduate medical education. PMID- 7277445 TI - Retention of knowledge in clinical biochemistry and the effect of the Keller Plan. PMID- 7277447 TI - Analysis of university-owned teaching hospitals' income. PMID- 7277448 TI - The impact of technology on diagnostic radiology. PMID- 7277450 TI - Engineering design and appropriate technology. AB - A new type of engineering degree course, entitled Engineering Design and Appropriate Technology (EDAT), at the University of Warwick, is described. After explaining the term 'appropriate technology' and its relationship to 'alternative and intermediate technology', the need for a new approach to teaching engineering design is developed. The reasons why present engineering undergraduates receive an education ill-suited to work in appropriate technology are examined. Implicit assumptions underlying all the teaching are claimed to produce graduates unfitted for work in many important fields, such as small firms, job creation, and overseas development. A new set of assumptions to underlie the teaching of appropriate technology are put forward and the resulting implications for the engineering design curriculum are examined. The development of the EDAT course is then described, and finally the course structure and teaching methods are outlined. PMID- 7277451 TI - Angioscan: a spectrum analyser for use with ultrasonic Doppler velocimeters. PMID- 7277449 TI - A socially acceptable emergency alarm system. AB - An alarm system is described which is aimed at the elderly and disabled at risk when alone in their own homes widely dispersed in the community. It uses a personal radio transmitter operating at 97 kHz and a receiver/telephone autodialler installed in the home of each vulnerable person. A novel unmanned computer-controlled central station is provided to process the calls for help. These are directed firstly to voluntary helpers but finally to an official service only if unanswered. The first helper to answer can handshake the central station to cancel remaining calls. The system offers considerable savings in man power and can cover both town and rural areas effectively. It has undergone a public trial in Harrow and is to be adopted and extended by the local authority. Technical recommendations for future development are made. PMID- 7277454 TI - Surgical implant standard not up to standard. PMID- 7277455 TI - Medical physics in Nottinghamshire. PMID- 7277452 TI - An iridium-iridium oxide electrode for in vivo monitoring of blood pH changes. AB - An iridium-iridium oxide electrode for in vivo monitoring of blood pH changes is described. Because of its small size, sensitivity, flexibility, strength and fast response, this electrode is suitable for acute implantation even in the small vessels of animals such as rats or guinea pigs, allowing continuous pH monitoring anywhere in the central arteries or veins. Excellent noise-free records have been obtained in the in vivo experiments in animals. PMID- 7277453 TI - A multiaperture collimator for use at 511 keV. AB - Positron-emitting radionuclides are being used more and more in nuclear medicine. This paper describes a high energy collimator suitable for imaging at 511 keV, the energy emitted by these radionuclides, for use with the Baird Corporation's System 77. PMID- 7277456 TI - Critical comment on the thermal entrainment of blood flow. PMID- 7277457 TI - Use of a force measuring instrument during cervical dilatation. PMID- 7277458 TI - Methods of measuring blood loss during surgery. PMID- 7277459 TI - Pregnancy monitoring in diverse primate species by estrogen and bioactive luteinizing hormone determinations in small volumes of urine. AB - Immunoreactive estrogen and luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) bioactivity have been measured throughout pregnancy in diverse primate species with a sample methodological approach utilizing small volumes of urine collected randomly. Total immunoreactive estrogen levels and the relative abundance of component estrogens (estrone, estradiol and estriol) at various stages of gestation were compared in the human, orangutan, pygmy chimpanzee, Douc langur and capuchin. Measurement of urinary LH/CG bioactivity enables an earlier detection of pregnancy when compared to the nonhuman primate pregnancy test. The methods described provide a practical and non-stressful way to detect and monitor pregnancy in widely divergent primate species. PMID- 7277460 TI - Pregnancy effects on nonhuman primate high density lipoprotein. AB - The concentration of cholesterol in high density lipoproteins (HDL) has been showed to be dramatically decreased during pregnancy in Macaca nemestrina. HDL were isolated from females of this species at various stages of pregnancy to determine if pregnancy also alters their composition and size. The chemical compositions of the HDL were determined nad found different in pregnant animals; the mass ratio of surface (coat) to center (core) constituents was higher, suggesting that the average size of HDL decreased during pregnancy. When measured chromatographically, the average size of HDL was found to decrease during pregnancy. This change in HDL size was accompanied by a minor alteration in apolipoprotein distribution. PMID- 7277461 TI - Induction of constant sensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene in the cynomolgus monkey. AB - A technique for the induction of contact sensitivity in the cynomolgus monkey is described. Seventy percent of the monkeys gave a positive reaction when skin tested 18 days after sensitization with dinitrochlorobenzene. When re-tested on day 27, both the number of reactors and the intensity of the reactions had increased. Histological examinations showed perivascular leukocytic infiltration with an increased proportion of mononuclear cells, typical of a delayed hypersensitive reaction. PMID- 7277462 TI - Funduscopic observations in a colony of african green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). AB - Funduscopic examinations were performed on 139 African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Notable observations were made in 5% including varying degrees of retinal hypopigmentation and nerve fiber myelination. Bilateral optic nerve head colobomas were found in one monkey. This species was easily tranquilized and examined using the described methods. PMID- 7277463 TI - Congenital anomalies in Lemur variegatus. AB - In a colony of black and white ruffed lemurs, Lemur (Varecia) variegatus subsp., similar congenital anomalies were found in successive years. Four malformed infants had skull defects, scoliosis, kinked tails, internal anomalies as well as reduced birth weights. The derived from one male and two females whose phenotypes are normal except for the kinked tail of the male. The possible causes including modes of inheritance are considered. PMID- 7277464 TI - Response of small intestinal flora to elemental diet and pancreatic duct ligation in vervet monkey. AB - The small intestinal flora of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) was examined before and after feeding elemental diet and after ligation of the pancreatic duct. Elemental diet did not produce significant changes of the intestinal microbial flora. However, an increase of the microbial count consisting mainly of Enterobacteriaceae, molds and yeasts was observed in the duct-ligated animals, significantly more pronounced than in the sham-operated controls. The data confirm previous studies demonstrating the possible role of the exocrine pancreas in the maintenance of a normal intestinal flora. PMID- 7277465 TI - Use of silastic implants to raise plasma androgen levels in the immature baboon (Papio cynocephalus). AB - Two immature Papio cynocephalus baboons were implanted with silastic tubing containing testosterone (T) to obtain prolonged elevation of plasma androgen levels. Plasma radioimmunoassay indicated a thousandfold increase of T levels over baseline for three weeks. Two weeks after implant removal, plasma androgen levels were at, or below, the pre-implantation levels. PMID- 7277466 TI - Survival of human erythrocytes in primate animals. AB - The recovery and survival of small quantities of 51Cr-labelled human erythrocytes (RBCs) transfused to nonhuman primates were measured. In two chimpanzees all of the human RBCs circulated 15 min after transfusion and were subsequently removed from the animals' blood with a half-life (T1/2) of 1.6 and 2.4 days. In baboons and rhesus monkeys over 95% of the human RBCs were cleared within 15 min after injection. Animal species, rather than antibody characteristics or titer, was an important determinant of the human RBC survival. Transfusion of human RBCs to chimpanzees can thus be explored as a test system to study human erythrocyte disorders. PMID- 7277468 TI - Osmosis in epithelial membranes. PMID- 7277467 TI - 3HOH-osmotic water fluxes and ultrastructure of an epithelial syncytium. PMID- 7277469 TI - Effects of catecholamines on electrolyte transport in cortical collecting tubule. AB - We examined the direct effects of isoproterenol (ISO) and L-norepinephrine (NE) on electrolyte transport in isolated rabbit cortical collecting tubules (CCT) perfused in vitro. The addition of either ISO (10(-6) M) or NE (10(-6) M) to the bath decreased transepithelial potential difference (PD), on average by 51 and 25%, respectively. These effects of ISO and NE were abolished by prior addition of the beta-adrenergic blocker, L-propranolol. ISO (10(-5) M) had no effect from lumen. Also, osmotic water permeability was not influenced by ISO. Ouabain and ISO had additive effects on PD. Elimination of chloride from both perfusate and bath, or addition of acetazolamide, abolished the effect of ISO on PD. Although isotopic sodium flux for lumen to bath was not influenced by ISO, chemical net chloride absorption increased from 1.1 +/- 0.4 to 2.7 +/- 0.6 peq . cm-1 . sec-1 (n = 8, p less than 0.005). In conclusion, both ISO and NE and capable of decreasing PD in rabbit CCT perfused in vitro. This effect is mediated by beta adrenergic receptors and is accompanied by the increase in net chloride absorption. Although the mechanism responsible for this decrease in PD with ISO in unclear, active chloride absorption, active hydrogen secretion, or membrane chloride permeability changes may account for the effects of ISO. PMID- 7277470 TI - Phosphate transport in human red blood cells: concentration dependence and pH dependence of the unidirectional phosphate flux at equilibrium conditions. AB - The concentration dependence and the pH dependence of the phosphate transport across the red cell membrane were investigated. The unidirectional phosphate fluxes were determined by measuring the 32P-phosphate self-exchange in amphotericin B (5 mumol/liter) treated erythrocytes at 25 degrees C. The flux/concentration curves display an S-shaped increase at low phosphate concentrations, a concentration optimum in the range of 150 to 200 mM phosphate and a self-inhibition at high phosphate concentrations. The apparent half saturation concentrations, P(0.5), range from 50 to 70 mM and are little affected by pH. The self-inhibition constants, as far as they can be estimated, range from 400 to 600 mM. The observed maximal phosphate fluxes exhibit a strong pH dependence. At pH 7.2, the actual maximal flux is 2.1 X 10(-6) moles . min-1 . g cells-1. The ascending branches of the flux/concentration curves were fitted to the Hill equation. The apparent Hill coefficients were always in the range of 1.5 2.0. The descending branches of the flux/concentration curves appear to follow the same pattern of concentration response. The flux/pH curves were bell-shaped and symmetric with regard to their pH dependence. The pH optimum is at approximately pH 6.5-6.7. The apparent pK of the activator site is in the range of 7.0 to 7.2, while the apparent pK for the inactivating site is in the range of 6.2 to 6.5. The pK-values were not appreciably affected by the phosphate concentration. According to our studies, the transport system possesses two transport sites and probably two modifier sites as indicated by the apparent Hill coefficients. In addition, the transport system has two proton binding sites, one with a higher pK that activates and one with a lower pK that inactivates the transport system. Since our experiments were executed under self-exchange conditions, they do not provide any information concerning the location of these sites at the membrane surfaces. PMID- 7277475 TI - Protocol-dependence of equivalent circuit parameters. PMID- 7277476 TI - Recycling of D-glucose in collagenous cuticle: A means of nutrient conservation? AB - Transport by an epithelium, possessing an accumulating saturable transport system in the apical membrane as well as a finite Fick permeability to the transported solute, was considered in the steady state in the case of zero cis concentration, and in the presence of a peripheral diffusion resistance in a layer apposing the cis face of the tissue (unstirred solution or structural coating). Under suitable conditions, the combination of peripheral diffusion resistance and accumulating epithelium transport may lead to recycling of solute at the cis face of the epithelium. This causes a decrease of the effective permeability to diffusional trans-cis flow across the tissue. The phenomenon is discussed in terms of epidermal D-glucose transport by the integument of aquatic animals with a collagenous cuticle, such as the seawater-acclimated polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor. The recycling phenomenon may be of significance to other epithelia with the function of maintaining large concentration gradients of permeating substances. PMID- 7277471 TI - Effects of temperature and pH on the water exchange through erythrocyte membranes: nuclear magnetic resonance studies. AB - The temperature and pH dependence of water exchange has been studied on isolated erythrocytes suspended in isotonic buffered solutions. At pH 7.4 a break in the Arrhenius plot of water exchange time at around 26 degrees C was found. The mean value of the apparent activation energy of the water exchange time at temperatures higher than that of the discontinuity was 5.7 kcal/mole (+/- 0.4); at lower temperatures the values of the apparent activation energy were below 1.4 kcal/mole. The pH dependence of water exchange time of isolated erythrocytes revealed a marked increase of the water exchange time values in the acid range of pH; a much smaller variation of the same parameter occurs between pH 7.0 and 8.0. These finding could be correlated with other processes involving erythrocyte membranes that showed similar pH and temperature dependence and were considered to indicate state transitions in the membranes. It is suggested that the temperature and pH effects on water diffusion indicate that conformational changes and cooperative effects are implicated in the mechanism of this transport process. PMID- 7277472 TI - Dependence of water movement on sodium transport in kidney proximal tubule: a microperfusion study substituting lithium for sodium. AB - The relationship between water and sodium movements through the mammalian proximal convoluted tubule was investigated by substituting lithium for sodium. Proximal convoluted rat Kidney tubules were perfused in vivo with a Ringer solution containing 107 meq/liter lithium and 42 meq/liter sodium. Several micropunctures were made along the same nephron, and [3H] inulin, [14C] glucose, 22Na, osmolality, Na, Mg and Cl were determined on each sample. Measurements of 22Na showed that sodium and lithium diffusion rates were practically identical throughout the entire epithelium. A one- for-one exchange of sodium for lithium induced a negative transepithelial net flux of Na from plasma to lumen. However, despite this negative flux, a positive net water movement was measured from lumen to plasma. This movement was proportional both to glucose reabsorption and to the rise in the chloride concentration, two mechanisms known to be dependent on the transcellular movement of sodium. It was therefore concluded that the net water flux was a function of the unidirectional transcellular net flux of Na. Rabbit proximal convoluted tubules were perfused in vitro with solution containing 75 meq/liter Li and 75 meq/liter Na on both the luminal and peritubular sides. Under these conditions, the water reabsorption rate dropped to half its control value. Water movement was therefore a function of the external sodium concentration, which in turn probably regulates the intracellular Na concentration. PMID- 7277474 TI - Amino Acid Transport and stimulation by substrates in the absence of a Na2+ electrochemical potential gradient. AB - Uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) was examined in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells treated with the cation-exchange ionophore nigericin (20 microgram/ml). Membrane voltages were measured using the voltage-sensitive dye diethyloxadicarbocyanine (DOCC). In normal phosphate-buffered media, nigericin changed the distribution ratios of Na+ and K+ (the ratio of intra- to extracellular concentrations) nearly to unity, but AIB was still accumulated to a distribution ratio of approximately 9.0. When all but 40 mM Na+ in the medium was replaced by choline, nigericin resulted in K+ loss and Na+ gain and both cation distribution ratios approached 2.8-3.4, as would be expected if both ions were distributing near electrochemical equilibrium with a membrane voltage in the range of -28 to -33 mV. This conclusion was supported by the observation that the addition of 5 X 10(-7) M valinomycin to the nigericin-treated cell suspension produced no change in DOCC absorbance. In spite of the apparent zero electrochemical potential gradients for Na+ and K+, AIB was accumulated to a distribution ratio of 5.4 in the low-Na+ medium. Addition of 0.1 mM oubain or 50 microM vanadate did not alter the extent of AIB accumulation as would have been expected if a large component of the membrane voltage were due to electrogenic operation of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. Addition of lactate, pyruvate or glucose increased the AIB distribution ratios to 11.9, 9.4 and 15.3, respectively. The effect of glucose could be explained, at least in part, by an enhanced Na+ electrochemical potential gradient. However, neither lactate nor pyruvate produced any change either in membrane voltage or the intracellular Na+ concentration. Therefore, these results confirm the existence of a metabolic energy source which is coupled to AIB accumulation and operates in addition to the Na+ co-transport mechanism, and which is augmented by metabolic substrates such as lactate and pyruvate. PMID- 7277473 TI - The mechanism of voltage-sensitive dye responses on sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The mechanism of voltage-sensitive dye responses was analyzed on sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles to assess the changes in membrane potential related to Ca2+ transport. The absorbance and fluorescence responses of 3,3'-diethyl-2,2' indodicarbocyanine and oxonol VI during ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport are influenced by the effect of accumulated Ca2+ upon the surface potential of the vesicle membrane. These observations place definite limitations on the use of these probes as indicators of ion-diffusion potential in processes which involve large fluctuations in free Ca2+ concentrations. Nile Blue A appeared to produce the cleanest optical signal to negative transmembrane potential, with least direct interference from Ca2+, encouraging the use of Nile Blue A for measurement of the membrane potential of sarcoplasmic reticulum in vivo and in vitro. 1,3 dibutylbarbituric acid (5)-1-(p-sulfophenyl)-3 methyl, 5-pyrazolone pentamethinoxonol (WW 781) gave no optical response during ATP-induced Ca2+ transport and responded primarily to changes in surface potential on the same side of the membrane where the dye was applied. Binding of these probes to the membrane plays a major role in the optical response to potential, and changes in surface potential influence the optical response by regulating the amount of membrane-bound dye. The observations are consistent with the electrogenic nature of ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport and indicate the generation of about 10 mV inside positive membrane potential during the initial phase of Ca2+ translocation. The potential generated during Ca2+ transport is rapidly dissipated by passive ion fluxes across the membrane. PMID- 7277477 TI - Chloride distribution in the proximal convoluted tubule of Necturus kidney. AB - To assess the mechanism(s) by which intraluminal chloride concentration is raised above equilibrium values, intracellular Cl- activity (alpha iCl) was studied in the proximal tubule of Necturus kidney. Paired measurements of cell membrane PD (VBL) and Cl-selective electrode PD (VBLCl) were performed in single tubules, during reversible shifts of peritubular or luminal fluid composition. Steady state alpha iCl was estimated at 14.6 +/- 0.6 mmol/liter, a figure substantially higher than that predicted for passive distribution. To determine the site of the uphill Cl- transport into the cell, an inhibitor of anion transport (SITS) was added to the perfusion fluid. Introduction of SITS in peritubular perfusate decreased alpha iCl, whereas addition of the drug in luminal fluid slightly increased alpha iCl; both results are consistent with basolateral membrane uphill Cl- transport from interstitium to the cell. TMA+ for Na+ substitutions in either luminal or peritubular perfusate had no effect on alpha iCl. Removal of bicarbonate from peritubular fluid, at constant pH (a situation increasing HCO3- outflux), resulted in an increase of alpha iCl, presumably related to enhanced Cl cell influx: we infer that Cl- is exchanged against HCO3- at the basolateral membrane. The following mechanism is suggested to account for the rise in luminal Cl- concentration above equilibrium values: intracellular CO2 hydration gives rise to cell HCO3- concentrations above equilibrium. The passive exit of HCO3- at the basolateral membrane energizes an uphill entry of Cl- into the cell. The resulting increase of alpha iCl, above equilibrium, generates downhill Cl- diffusion from cell to lumen. As a result, luminal Cl- concentration also increases. PMID- 7277478 TI - L-Leucine transport in human red blood cells: a detailed kinetic analysis. AB - The kinetic properties of L-leucine transport across the human red blood cell membrane was analyzed according to the simple pore and carrier theory of Lieb and Stein (Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1974, 373: 165-177 and 178-196) at 25 degrees C, pH 7.4. Several methods were used in order to obtain a thorough kinetic description of L-leucine transport. A rejection of the simple pore model was suggested from the result of zero-trans influx and zero-trans and equilibrium exchange efflux experiments. Several predictions from the simple carrier model, based on the requirement of consistency among different kinetic parameters, were tested in infinite experiments, i.e. experiments performed at a high concentration of substrate at one of the faces of the membrane. The simple pore model was rejected, but no crucial evidence against a simple carrier model, which displays symmetric properties at 25 degrees C, was found in the concentration range considered (0.002-68 mM). The relative magnitudes of the rate constants of the translocation process are discussed, and it is concluded (a) that both the dissociation and translocation of carrier-complex is faster than the translocation of the empty carrier, (b) that no translocation step is rate determining, and (c) that the carrier-complex is equally distributed across the membrane at equilibrium. The present work provides a unique example of a carrier mediated transport mechanism which displays symmetric properties. L-leucine transport in red blood cells may be a convenient system for studying molecular mechanisms of facilitated transport. PMID- 7277479 TI - Modification of psychotic speech with mentally retarded patients. AB - Three chronic schizophrenics who were mild to severely mentally retarded were treated for a wide range of vocalisations characteristic of psychotic persons. Relevance of responses, speech duration, making nonsense statements, and changing the subject were among the behaviours treated in two experiments. Treatment consisted of instructions, performance feedback via audiotapes, modelling and speech rehearsal provided in twenty-five minute training sessions held each day on a one-to-one basis with a therapist. In all cases, treatment resulted in rapid changes of target behaviours in desired directions. Results were particularly significant since all three subjects displayed active hallucinations and delusions while taking large maintenance dosages of antipsychotic medications. Changes generalised across settings and were maintained over two months follow up. PMID- 7277480 TI - Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with lymphoedema and abnormal dermatoglyphics. AB - This paper describes a woman with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) who had intractable lymphoedema and also abnormal dermatoglyphics. The findings were quite distinct from those in two previously reported cases of pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP). Dermatoglyphics may prove useful in the diagnosis of PPHP but may also provide a clue to the factors which distinguish PPHP from PHP. PMID- 7277481 TI - The effects of physical restraint on self-injurious behaviour. AB - Two experiments investigated the effects of two durations (one and three minutes) of physical restraint on the rate of self-injurious behaviour of a profoundly retarded girl. In the first experiment, a reversal design was used in which three minute and one-minute restraint conditions were used sequentially. In the second experiment, an alternating treatments design was used in which the two conditions were alternated within the same experimental phase. Physical restraint was made contingent on each instance of SIB during experimental sessions. In the first experiment, with the introduction of three-minute restraint phase SIB increased to a rate high than baseline. However, it was reduced to near-zero levels during the one-minute restraint phase when it followed the three-minute phase. Although three-minute restraint did reduce the rate of SIB in the second experiments, it was found that one-minute restraint was more effective. In both experiments one minute restraint was found to be more effective than three-minute restraint in reducing the rate of SIB. PMID- 7277482 TI - Leiomyoma of the lung: a case report. PMID- 7277483 TI - Pacemakers and scattered radiation. PMID- 7277484 TI - Radiologic seminar CCXII: bone involvement in echinococcosis. PMID- 7277486 TI - Address of the president. PMID- 7277485 TI - Liver abscess. PMID- 7277489 TI - On the field knee exam for the team physician. PMID- 7277488 TI - Impotence--whose problem was it? PMID- 7277487 TI - Faced with federal budget cuts, school of medicine studies alternatives. Interview by Charles L. Mathews and Patsy Silver. PMID- 7277490 TI - Obstetrics and gynecology grand rounds: clinical case management. Complications resulting from cesarean section. PMID- 7277491 TI - Radiologic seminar CCXVI: hepatobiliary imaging. PMID- 7277492 TI - Exchange of histone H1 between segments of chromatin. PMID- 7277493 TI - Angles of nucleotides bound to cross-bridges in glycerinated muscle fiber at various concentrations of epsilon-ATP, epsilon-ADP and epsilon-AMPPNP detected by polarized fluorescence. PMID- 7277494 TI - Carp hemoglobin. Functional analysis and thermodynamics of precise oxygen equilibria according to the simple sequential model of Koshland, Nemethy and Filmer. PMID- 7277495 TI - Crystallization of belladonna mottle virus. PMID- 7277497 TI - Crystallographic data for haemoglobin from the lanceolate fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum. PMID- 7277496 TI - Crystallization of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. PMID- 7277498 TI - A circular channel crucible oscillating viscometer. Detection of DNA damage induced in vivo by exceedingly small doses of dimethylnitrosamine. PMID- 7277499 TI - Crystallographic determination of the mode of binding of oligosaccharides to T4 bacteriophage lysozyme: implications for the mechanism of catalysis. PMID- 7277500 TI - Relation between hen egg white lysozyme and bacteriophage T4 lysozyme: evolutionary implications. PMID- 7277501 TI - Linked functions in allosteric proteins. Extension of the concerted (MWC) model for ligand-linked subunit assembly and its application to human hemoglobins. PMID- 7277502 TI - Oxygenation of hemoglobin. Correspondence of crystal and solution properties using diffusion coefficient measurements. PMID- 7277503 TI - Triglyceride lipase activity in the diabetic rat heart. PMID- 7277504 TI - Rigor tension during metabolic and ionic rises in resting tension in rat heart. PMID- 7277505 TI - Isolation and development in cell culture of myocardial cells of the adult rat. PMID- 7277506 TI - The relationship between glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism and membrane integrity in neonatal myocytes. PMID- 7277507 TI - Effects of propranolol on myocardial ultrastructure, mitochondrial function and high energy phosphates of isolated working rat hearts with coronary artery ligation. PMID- 7277508 TI - Extracellular potassium accumulation during myocardial ischemia: implications for arrhythmogenesis. PMID- 7277509 TI - Amino acids of the Murchison meteorite: I. Six carbon acyclic primary alpha-amino alkanoic acids. AB - Six of the seven chain isomers of six-carbon acyclic primary alpha-amino alkanoic acids (leucine isomers) have been either identified or confirmed in hot-water extracts of the Murchison meteorite using combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ion exchange chromatography. 2-Amino-2-ethylbutyric acid, 2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyric acid, pseudoleucine, and 2-methylnorvaline were positively identified by GC-MS. These amino acids have not been previously reported to occur in natural materials and may be uniquely meteoritic in origin. The presence of leucine and isoleucine (including the diastereoisomer, alloisoleucine) was confirmed. Peaks corresponding to norleucine were seen by ion exchange and gas chromatography but characteristic mass spectra were not obtained. The alpha-branched chain isomers in this series are quantitatively the most significant. These results are compared with literature data on amino acid synthesis by electrical discharge and Fischer-Tropsch-type catalysis. Neither model system produces an amino acids suite that is completely comparable to that found in the Murchison meteorite. PMID- 7277510 TI - Reasons for the occurrence of the twenty coded protein amino acids. AB - Factors involved in the selection of the 20 protein L-alpha-amino acids during chemical evolution and the early stages of Darwinian evolution are discussed. The selection is considered on the basis of the availability in the primitive ocean, function in proteins, the stability of the amino acid and its peptides, stability to racemization, and stability on the transfer RNA. We conclude that aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, serine and possibly threonine are the best choices for acidic, basic and hydroxy amino acids. The hydrophobic amino acids are reasonable choices, except for the puzzling absences of alpha-amino-n-butyric acid, norvaline and norleucine. The choices of the sulfur and aromatic amino acids seem reasonable, but are not compelling. Asparagine and glutamine are apparently not primitive. If life were to arise on another planet, we would expect that the catalysts would be poly-alpha-amino acids and that about 75% of the amino acids would be the same as on the earth. PMID- 7277513 TI - Diabetes insipidus following cardiorespiratory arrest. AB - Diabetes insipidus (DI) and other features of hypothalamic dysfunction were observed in two patients resuscitated following cardio-respiratory arrest (CRA). Both patients also developed marked hyperglycemia probably related to hypertonic dehydration. The development of DI in survivors of CRA suggests severe hypothalamic hypoxic injury and poor prognosis. PMID- 7277511 TI - Cyanamide mediated syntheses of peptides containing histidine and hydrophobic amino acids. AB - Using the model of a primitive earth evaporation pond, the synthesis of three histidyl peptides in yields up to 11% was demonstrated when aqueous solutions of histidine, leucine, ATP, cyanamide, and MgCl2 were evaporated and heated for 24 h at 80 degrees C. In addition, peptides were formed in yields of up to 56%, 35%, and 21%, respectively for phenylalanine, leucine, and alanine when aqueous solutions of the appropriate amino acid were evaporated and heated with cyanamide and one or more of the following components: ATP, AMP, 4-amino-5-imidazole carboxamide, or MgCl2. The greatest peptide yield occurred at pH 3. But peptide formation was demonstrated for a system of Leu, cyanamide, and MgCl2 adjusted to pH 7 with NH4OH. Peptide synthesis was also studied in the presence of CaCl2, ZnCl2, different adenosine nucleotides, and UTP to compare their effects on peptide synthesis. The optimum conditions for cyanamide mediated peptide synthesis were also studied in terms of pH, reaction time, reaction temperature, and cyanamide concentration. The major side product in nearly all reactions studied appears to be an amino acid-cyanamide adduct. Peptides were analyzed and identified by thin layer chromatography, acid hydrolysis, and enzymatic degradation. PMID- 7277512 TI - Synthesis of oligoguanylates on oligocytidylate templates. AB - Short oligocytidylates can act as templates for the self-condensation of guanosine 5'-phosphorimidazolide. In the absence of a catalytic metal ion or in the presence of Pb2+ a noticeable template effect is already observed with the dimer and the yield of long oligomers reaches a plateau with a hexamer template. Short templates give oligomers longer than the template length. The products are predominantly 2'-5' linked for the Pb2+-catalyzed reaction while mixed linkages are observed in the uncatalyzed reaction. In the presence of Zn2+, a template effect is first observed with the pentamer and is maximal by the heptamer. The products are predominantly 3'-5' linked. Oligomers shorter than or as long as the template are obtained in substantial yield, and longer products in much lower yields. PMID- 7277515 TI - Exchange transfusion using G-6-PG deficient or Hgb-AS blood in icteric neonates. AB - The sickle cell trait (Hgb-AS) and G-6-PD deficiency are two genetic defects which increase the hemolytic susceptibility of erythrocytes. As these two traits are common in Nigeria, blood transfusions with such defective cells are frequently given. In this study, the immediate and long-term effects of using either normal blood or blood with either or these defects for exchange transfusions in 115 neonates have been examined. Infants transfused with G-6-PD deficient blood were compared with those transfused with G-6-PD normal blood. Similarly, neonates transfused with Hgb-AS blood were compared with those who received Hgb-AA blood. There was no statistically significant difference in post exchange serum bilirubin levels (followed for one week), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and reticulocyte counts (followed for three months). It was concluded that under normal circumstances, the use of G-6-PD deficient blood or Hgb-AS blood does not increase the risk of exchange transfusion in infants with hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 7277516 TI - Security procedures in a psychiatric emergency service. AB - The issue of violence in the mental health setting has recently begun to gain attention in the literature. As there is not enough research on this issue to draw conclusions as to the frequency of violence in mental health settings, there is a need to gather empirical data on the frequency of violence in various settings and to investigate the causes and management of this phenomenon. This article seeks to assess the prevalence of violence and potential violence in an inner-city psychiatric emergency service using several parameters as indicators. In addition, the article seeks to outline skills necessary for the management of violent patients which includes the recognition of potentially violent behavior, a hierarchy of management techniques to prevent the occurrence of violence, and techniques specifically designed to stop violence without causing patient or staff harm. Various etiologies of violence in mental health settings are discussed and a cognitive hierarchy of aggression is presented. Legal and ethical issues surrounding the concept of forcing patients to accept treatment on the basis of their dangerousness are discussed. Finally, the question of a difference in the prevalence of violence between ethnically different patient populations is raised, along with the possible implications of such a difference. Recommendations are made for the management of the potentially violent or violent patient. PMID- 7277517 TI - Delivery of geriatric services to black senior citizens. AB - Society in this century faces an unprecedented rapid increase in both the absolute number and the relative proportion of senior citizens among the general population. The problems and needs of the elderly should be addressed by a comprehensive, holistic health and social services delivery system. The care of the black elderly requires not only a better quality of services than is available at the present time, but also a particular sensitivity to this population's unique and specific needs. PMID- 7277514 TI - Utility of the provisional clinical diagnosis as a basis for selection of computed tomographic or radionuclide brain scan. AB - Based on provisional clinical diagnosis, the choice of computed cranial tomography (CCT) or radionuclide brain scan (RBS) was retrospectively evaluated. In 1,333 selected cases, 551 had CCT only, 560 had RBS only, and 222 had both. CCT was the clinician's preference in cases of dementia, hydrocephalus, hemorrhage, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), primary tumor, visual abnormality, coma, and multiple sclerosis. RBS was preferred in headache, syncope, seizure, transient ischemic attack (TIA), metastatic disease, and encephalitis. Neither procedure appeared preferable in cases of psychosis, psychiatric disease, cerebral vascular accident (CVA), and abscess. Thirty-eight percent of CCTs yielded abnormal findings, not necessarily correlated with the provisional diagnosis. Thirty percent of RBS showed positive findings, mostly related to vascular abnormalities. On the basis of the provisional clinical diagnosis, CCT was more frequently requested for probable structural changes and RBS for probable perfusion abnormalities. PMID- 7277518 TI - Return to work after myocardial infarction in a lower socioeconomic population. AB - A retrospective study of the work status of 45 consecutive male patients who were at least 12 months post myocardial infarction was carried out. The vast majority of patients were in the lower socioeconomic classes. Only 31 percent of those previously working returned to employment. No differences were found in mean age, physical disability, or anxiety; however, those not working were significantly more depressed (P < .05). A major factor related to failure to return to work may be that the majority of this lower socioeconomic group of patients worked as laborers and did not have the education or training to find alternative jobs. PMID- 7277519 TI - Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) in blacks. AB - Between 1954 and 1980, 11 patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) were diagnosed at the Howard University Hospital. There were five males and six females, all of whom were black. In association with the cutaneous T cell lymphoma, six cases of poikiloderma atrophicans vasculare were demonstrated. PMID- 7277520 TI - Black unwed adolescent fathers: a comparative study of their problems and help seeking behavior. AB - THIS RESEARCH EXAMINES THE KINDS OF PROBLEMS THESE YOUNG FATHERS ARE LIKELY TO SEEK HELP FOR AND ADDRESSES ITSELF TO THE QUESTION: Is there a difference in the help-seeking behavior of unwed adolescent fathers who reside in different cities? Despite the complexity and diversity of their difficulties, it was clear from the analyses that the young fathers were likely to have emotional as well as concrete needs. Additionally, it was found that the unmarried adolescent fathers in this research were more similar than they were different in their help-seeking behavior. PMID- 7277521 TI - Atrial parasystole induced recurrent supraventricular tachycardia: report of a case. AB - A case of atrial parasystole is reported in a patient who also demonstrated evidence of atrioventricular pathways. The pathogenesis of this rare dysrhythmia is discussed. PMID- 7277522 TI - Parathyroid adenoma and light chain myeloma. AB - An elderly patient with simultaneous hyperparathyroidism and light chain myeloma is described. The patient presented with hypercalcemia, bone pain, pathologic fractures, and cystic and lytic bone lesions. The problems of diagnosis and management are discussed. It is recommended that elderly patients with hypercalcemia and bone lesions should have not only diagnostic studies for hyperparathyroidism but also serum and urine immunoelectrophoresis to detect multiple myeloma or plasma cell neoplastic variants. Surgery is indicated for the hyperparathyroidism. Chemotherapy and localized radiotherapy usually control the myelomatous disease. PMID- 7277523 TI - Acute gallstone pancreatitis with pseudocyst as a complication. AB - Gallstone disease as the etiology of pancreatitis is much more common in private hospital patients than was once described. Common duct stones (choledocholithiasis) have been proven not to coexist in the majority of cases. The objectives of surgery for gallstone pancreatitis therefore should be adequate drainage of the pancreas, evaluation of the common duct, and cholecystectomy. Common duct exploration usually is not warranted or advised.A pseudocyst may occur subsequent to the acute phase of pancreatitis, or subsequent to surgery for pancreatitis if the pancreas is not adequately and widely drained. The collection of fluid adjacent to or within the pancreas must be determined to be either a pancreatic abscess or a pancreatic pseudocyst. The management of the pseudocyst, which is usually diagnosed by the ultrasonographic finding of a thickened wall, is adjacent internal drainage. By contrast, the pancreatic abscess must have wide, radical, external drainage.Mature judgement must be exercised in the approach to, the timing of, and the management of surgery for gallstone pancreatitis or pseudocyst formation. PMID- 7277524 TI - Intra-aortic balloon pump: a perspective. AB - The mortality from acute myocardial infarction has declined 14-18 percent since the advent of coronary care units. This decline has been attributed to the early detection and prophylactic treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances. Infarction complicated by congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock accounts for major residual mortality. Available evidence in man have shown reversal of cardiogenic shock with the use of mechanical circulatory assistance via the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). Expanded IABP use now includes unstable angina refractory to medical therapy and post infarction ischemic pain. Future roles of IABP include its earlier use in the management of complicated myocardial infarction, as well as a modality useful in reducing myocardial infarction size. PMID- 7277525 TI - Pattern of melanoma incidence in Miami, Florida. AB - Although melanoma causes only 1.4 percent of cancers nationally, it accounts for 3.6 percent of cancers in southern Flordia. The authors conducted an incidence survey to determine if the distribution of melanoma was a function of population density, an outdoors lifestyle, or the presence of an older population. PMID- 7277526 TI - The effect of age on cadmium retention in organs of hamsters. AB - Age difference of cadmium retention was investigated in hamsters after a short term cadmium exposure. Three types of organs were identified in relation to cadmium retention, i. e., the liver and testes retained an increasing amount of cadmium with increasing age, the kidney and heart showed a gradual decrease in the retention after a transient increase in young ages and the bone showed no retention. These changes seemed to be related to the de novo synthesis of metallothionein in the organ. PMID- 7277527 TI - Microsomal injury in the liver of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. AB - The oral administration of CCl4 (2.5 ml/kg) to male rats inducted increase in the activity of serum GPT, accumulation of hepatic triglyceride, acceleration of depression in the activities of microsomal enzymes, disaggregation of hepatic polyribosomes, and decrease in the ability of in vitro protein synthesis 0.5 hr after the intubation. When, however, a small dose of CCl4 (0.25 ml/kg) were given, the defects in hepatic polyribosomes and mixed-function oxygenase system were most marked among the above toxic changes. PMID- 7277528 TI - Injuries associated with splenic trauma. AB - Renewed interest in conservative nonoperative management of splenic trauma in children led us to review our experience with this injury in 258 patients over the past 5 1/2 years. Blunt trauma was the predominant type of injury, occurring in 241 patients: 80% of these patients had associated extra-abdominal injuries, predominantly involving the head, chest, and extremities; 59% of patients with penetrating trauma had concomitant extra-abdominal injuries, mainly of the thorax. Serious concomitant intra-abdominal injuries requiring operative therapy were found in 36.5 and 94%, respectively, of patients sustaining splenic injury from blunt and penetrating trauma. Children under the age of 16 years exhibited a similar incidence (32.6 and 100%), respectively). Renal, hepatic, diaphragmatic, intestinal, mesenteric, and vascular injuries were most frequent. The pitfall of conservative nonoperative management lies in missing these concomitant serious intra-abdominal injuries. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is most useful in defining the patients who should undergo exploratory laparotomy, therefore reducing morbidity and mortality secondary to neglected injuries. PMID- 7277529 TI - Angiography and peritoneal lavage in blunt abdominal trauma. AB - Records of 123 consecutive patients who underwent abdominal angiography for blunt trauma were reviewed. Twenty-four patients underwent abdominal angiography on the basis of positive physical findings. Seven (29%) required intervention as determined by angiography and the diagnosis was confirmed. Ninety-nine patients had abdominal angiography in association with angiographic evaluation of the chest, pelvis, or extremities. In 14 (14%) the angiogram indicated the need for intervention. In 13 this diagnosis was confirmed at laparotomy. The fourteenth patient was embolized angiographically and did well. Fifty-four patients had peritoneal lavage in addition to their angiograms. Sixteen were positive and 38 were negative. In four patients the lavage was negative and the angiographic findings indicated need for intervention. Three of these four were confirmed at laparotomy and the fourth patient was embolized angiographically. Indications for abdominal angiography in blunt trauma are: 1) incidental to needed thoracic aortography; 2) incidental to angiography when done for pelvic fractures; 3) suspected intra-abdominal injuries when clinical and lavage data are not definitive. PMID- 7277530 TI - A quantitative evaluation of thumb function after ulnar collateral repair and reconstruction. PMID- 7277531 TI - Multiple systems organ failure: VI. Death predictors in the trauma-septic state- the most critical determinants. PMID- 7277533 TI - Commitment to trauma in a low population density area. AB - Between January 1978 and March 1979, we conducted a prospective and retrospective study of 202 consecutive blunt trauma patients ages 11 to 92 years. All patients admitted through the trauma service to the intensive care units at LDS Hospital (Salt Lake City) from a low population density area were scored using the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) and patients were categorized according to outcome. There were 30 deaths, for a mortality rate of 14.8%. Twenty six patients had persistent morbidity, 12.9%. The mean ISS for death was 39; for morbidity, 36; and for patients who were successfully rehabilitated, 23. There were 119 patients with head injuries. The mean GCS was 7 for nonsurvivors, 10 for patients with morbidity, and 12 for rehabilitated patients. We conclude that commitment is a major factor in determining the effectiveness of any trauma system. We strongly encourage regionalization of trauma care and education of paramedics, emergency medical technicians, and physicians in the rapid triage of high-risk patients to a major trauma center. PMID- 7277532 TI - Effects of methylprednisolone on fatty acid induced edema in the dog lung. AB - In animals oleic acid induces a form of lung injury similar to that observed following fat embolization in humans. In the present study, canine lower left lung lobes were isolated, ventilated, and perfused at constant pressure with heparinized, autologous blood. Weight gain, in the absence of vascular volume change, in this preparation is a sensitive indicator of edema. One group of lobes was pretreated with 5.1 mg/gm lobe wt methylprednisolone before 1 microliter/kg body wt oleic acid. An untreated group given only oleic acid served as controls. Following oleic acid, the reduction in effective lobe compliance and blood PO2 and the increase in perfusate total protein concentration were similar in both groups. Rate of lobe weight gain following oleic acid was remarkably linear in both groups but significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in lobes pretreated with methylprednisolone. The latter group showed a total weight gain of 21% compared to 34% in the controls 3 hr after oleic acid challenge. We conclude that oleic acid induces a pulmonary edema in the absence of an elevation in hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, rate of edema formation is attenuated by methylprednisolone pretreatment. PMID- 7277534 TI - Control of experimental burn wound infections: comparative delivery of the antimicrobial agent (silver sulfadiazine) either from a cream base or from a solid synthetic dressing. AB - This report demonstrates prolonged effective release of silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) to experimental burns in rats from a solid dressing by mixtures of polyethylene glycol-400 and poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The synthetic dressing, incorporating the antimicrobial drug, may be formed either directly on the burn wound or prepared as a preformed sheet and applied to the wound after it was contaminated with bacteria. The level of silver in the blood following treatment of the burn wound with topical AgSD (Silvadene, Marion Labs) is significantly less when the drug is presented in the dressing than when the drug is applied in a cream base; the concentration of the sulfadiazine moiety in the blood is similar for the two drug preparations. Improved survival of the burned and contaminated rats and reduced nursing care were observed in the burned animals when the synthetic dressing was used to deliver the drug relative to the results when the AgSD was applied in a cream base by standard procedures. PMID- 7277535 TI - Bridging of large chronic osteoperiosteal gaps by allogeneic decalcified bone matrix implants in rabbits. AB - A circumferential complete osteoperiosteal gap (1 to 1.5 cm) was produced in the diaphysis of ulna of rabbits, and the ipsilateral radius was kept intact. In no case did spontaneous bridging of the gap occur. By 6 weeks after the creation of the gap the bone ends became smooth and tapered towards the ipsilateral radius and the defect was observed to be filled by thin fibrous tissue. Established defects at least 6 weeks old were then bridged by inserting a snugly fitting allogeneic bone matrix implant. The bone matrix was prepared by demineralization of tubular bones from healthy rabbits, using 0.6 M HCl, preserved in 75% alcohol and used within 3 weeks. The fate of the implant was observed clinically, radiologically, histologically by tetracycline fluorescence for up to 12 weeks. Radiologic evidence of bone formation was present in a majority by 6 weeks, and complete bridging of the gap was seen in 75% of cases by 12 weeks after implantation. Most of the initial bone that formed was the woven bone, i.e., immature bone formed directly from the mesenchymal cells, or formed in membrane, though areas of enchondral ossification were also observed in some cases. By 12 weeks, the bone had remodeled almost to the texture of a mature tubular bone. Successful bridging of chronic massive bone defects by allogeneic bone-matrix was confirmed in 75% of cases. PMID- 7277536 TI - Dislocation of trapezoid. PMID- 7277537 TI - Dislocation of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb. AB - A case of open dislocation of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb is presented. The anatomy of the injury is discussed as well as treatment options. In the 26-year-old male patient reported, hyperextension and rotation of the distal phalanx resulted in volar plate avulsion and ulnar displacement of the flexor pollicis longus. At operation the volar plate, which was blocking reduction, was repositioned through a dorsal incision as the flexor tendon was replaced in its correct position. Recovery has resulted. PMID- 7277538 TI - Report to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma from its Committee on Issues. PMID- 7277539 TI - Burn wound infection. AB - Ninety-seven of 763 patients admitted to a burn center during a 3-year period had histologically confirmed bacterial or fungal burn wound invasion. Nine of these 97 patients survived and 88 died. Burn wound infection was the principal cause of death in 57 patients and was diagnosed perimortem in an additional 31 patients but was not judged to be the primary cause of death. Pseudomonas aeruginosa continues as the most frequent offending organism. The variety of mycotic and bacterial organisms identified, however, suggests that the compromise of the host is the critical factor, and not any particular microorganism. A variety of combinations of treatments are described: the selection of treatment depends upon the type and extent of infection. PMID- 7277541 TI - Suppression of centrineurogenic shock lung by Dilantin (DPH) administered early in established hemorrhagic shock. AB - Centrineurogenic shock lung following acute hemorrhage was prevented by Dilantin (DPH) given preshock. Nineteen anemia (Hct = 30 +/- 5%) dogs were divided into five groups: one control (no anesthesia, no shock); one of three with 4 hours of anesthesia alone; and of 15 dogs with hemorrhagic shock, eight were without DPH, two with preshock DPH, and five received DPH 15 min after shock was established. Shock animals were rapidly bled to 40 mm Hg which was maintained for 2 hours, and all shed blood was reinfused. One hour later, all animals were sacrificed, the lungs fixed with formalin instilled at 15 cm H2O intratracheal pressure, the trachea cross-clamped, the lungs excised, photographed, and sent for gross and histopathologic study. Shock animals without DPH had grossly hemorrhagic lungs with diffuse interstitial and alveolar congestion, hemorrhage, and edema. Neither of the DPH-treated groups developed gross changes and showed minimal to no histopathology. Dilantin given early in established hemorrhagic shock prevents shock lung. PMID- 7277540 TI - Rapid computer prediction of total body water in fluid overload. AB - Using computer analysis of the early plasma arterial disappearance curve of tritiated water (HTO), we sought the fewest points and earliest times needed to predict the final volume of dilution, total body water (TBW). In ten anesthetized adult female dogs weighing 19.1 +/- 0.5 kg, with bilateral ureteral ligation, 500 muC HTO were given IV. Arterial blood samples were taken until equilibrium (3 hours), when the approximate equivalent of extracellular fluid (ECF), 4,000 ml of lactated Ringer's solution, was given IV within 1 hour. The next day, in the second phase of the study, 1,000 muC of HTO were given IV and arterial blood samples were taken at intervals up to equilibrium (5 hours). TBW at 3 hours after the first HTO infusion was 63.3 +/- 1.2% body weight. Using a curve-fitting Fortran program (CFIT), the arterial plasma HTO concentrations were fitted to one or two exponentials. Although initial TBW could be predicted from arterial plasma concentrations of HTO during 20 minutes after injection in normally hydrated dogs, values during 60 minutes were required for accurate prediction of TBW after infusion of 4 L of fluid. TBW in normal and fluid-loaded animals was predicted within 2.3 +/- 0.6% of the final HTO equilibrium (r = 0.987). PMID- 7277542 TI - The use of modified Neufeld traction in the management of femoral fractures in polytrauma. AB - The choice of treatment modalities for the fractured femur in the polytrauma patient is a continuing dilemma. Prevention and treatment of respiratory complications requires maximum patient mobility. Conventional traction methods restrict turning in bed and preclude moving the patient out of bed. Immediate open reduction results in additional blood loss, tissue trauma, and a higher rate of infection and nonunion. Immediate closed intramedullary nailing is an excellent method but requires special equipment and surgical expertise. To meet the mobilization requirements of good pulmonary care and avoid the problems of early open reduction, before the availability of immediate closed nailing, we adopted the use of modified Neufeld single-rope roller traction for the initial treatment of closed, Grade I open, and some Grade II open femur fractures. In 30 cases, the traction was used to maintain the fracture for 7 to 14 days preceding delayed internal fixation, while in another 22 cases of the traction was used as the definitive treatment modality in conjunction with case bracing. Sixty patients with femoral fractures were treated with this traction methods. Eight patients died, the other 52 were followed to fracture healing. There was one delayed union. There were no nonunions and no wound infections in either the internal fixation or continued traction groups. This traction system is an effective way to meet the needs of the polytrauma patient with a femur. PMID- 7277543 TI - Post-traumatic avascular necrosis of the humeral head in displaced proximal humeral fractures. AB - Nineteen patients with displaced four-part fracture or fracture-dislocation of the proximal humerus were retrospectively studied to investigate the incidence of avascular necrosis and its clinical importance. The average followup duration was 23.6 months. No incidence of avascular necrosis of the humeral head with subchondral collapse was found. Four patients were found to have coarse trabeculae suggesting a revascularized humeral head which probably had become necrotic after the trauma. The treatment of choice for displaced four-part fracture or fracture-dislocation of the proximal humeral is early adequate open reduction and internal fixation rather than primary prosthetic replacement. The authors believe that a majority of the humeral heads in this injury develop avascular necrosis, but most of the humeral heads are quickly revascularized with creeping substitution. PMID- 7277544 TI - Endoprosthetic replacement of unstable, comminuted intertrochanteric fracture of the femur in the elderly, osteoporotic patient. AB - This paper reports a prospective study of eight cases of unstable, comminuted intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients with associated osteoporosis, operated on between June 1978 and May 1979 using a short-stem Thompson's prosthesis with cement. The posterior approach is employed. The operative technique is described in detail. The amount of blood loss encountered with this technique is not more than that with nail reduction methods. The results have been encouraging in enabling the patients to walk. PMID- 7277545 TI - Measurement of fracture gap motion in external fixation. AB - A testing machine to study fracture gap motion ex vivo was devised. The apparatus permits direct measurement of bending and shear at a fracture site under different loading conditions. Using this device the single and double frame Hoffmann external fixateurs were compared to a Kuntscher medullary nail. Shear displacements of (0.4-1.7 mm) were observed for the fixateurs as opposed to 0.3 mm for the intermedullary nail. Changing from a single to a double frame halved hinge motion at the fracture site and reduced shear by 25%. PMID- 7277546 TI - Reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocations using the Milch technique: a study of ski injuries. AB - During the 1977-78, 1978-79, and 1979-80 ski seasons, 76 acute anterior shoulder dislocations were treated by one of three Orthopedic Surgeons at the Rutland Vermont Hospital Emergency Room: 68 (89.4%) were reduced on first attempt using the Milch technique of abduction and external rotation. Four (5.2%) required general anesthesia and four were reduced using meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol, Winthrop) and diazepam (Valium, Roche) and a traction-countertraction technique. Of the 68 shoulders reduced with the Milch technique, 47 (69.1%) required no analgesics or muscle relaxants. There were no complications attributable to the technique itself. Males were injured more frequently than females in a 4.4:1 ratio. Left shoulder injuries were as common as right. Recurrent dislocations occurred more frequently in younger individuals. Fractures of the greater tuberosity were associated injuries in five (6.6%) of all dislocations. These all occurred in individuals older than age 39 years and were coincident with primary dislocations. PMID- 7277547 TI - Furosemide and human head injury. AB - Intracranial pressure was maintained below 20 torr with the administration of intravenous furosemide (Lasix, Hoechst-Roussel) in addition to routine pharmacologic and mechanical procedures in 15 severely head-injured patients undergoing surgery for intracranial hematomas. Control of intracranial pressure in these patients was attributed to diuresis, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, and decreased central venous pressure. Furosemide may also improve cerebral microcirculation during continued administration at specific intervals by the inhibition of astroglial swelling. PMID- 7277548 TI - Stress-strain measurement of the spinal cord of puppies and their neurological evaluation. AB - An in-vivo experiment was developed to identify the biorheological properties of the spinal cord of puppies under uriaxial deformation. For strain less than 4.5%, the ratio between stress and strain was about 2.65 x 106 dyne/limbs of the puppies were recoverable after the spinal cord segment at L1 was stretched once by 10-50%. PMID- 7277549 TI - Multiple thoracic spine fractures complicating ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine. AB - Ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine is a distinct clinical entity that merits diagnosis and recognition of its structural limitations. The case of multiple thoracic spine fractures presented here emphasizes the potentially increased susceptibility of involved spines to trauma and also suggests the need to caution diagnosed patients from placing their spines at undue risk. PMID- 7277551 TI - Lateral dome fracture of the talus. AB - A report of an unusual fracture of the lateral dome of the talus. The lateral fragment was displaced upwards into the inferior tibiofibular joint. Reduction was achieved by open reduction without internal fixation, and resulted in satisfactory union of the fracture without deformity or loss of joint function. PMID- 7277550 TI - Paradoxical saddle embolus: case report with antemortem diagnosis. AB - The presence of central right-to-left shunt and paradoxical embolism to the aortic bifurcation was suggested by acute aortic occlusion in a young victim of multiple trauma who had several pulmonary emboli. The diagnosis was confirmed by radionuclide and angiographic means and at operation. Paradoxical embolization should be considered in any individual who suffers simultaneous pulmonary embolism and acute arterial occlusion. PMID- 7277553 TI - Open letter to trauma surgeons: choice of resuscitation fluids. PMID- 7277552 TI - Acute ammonia intoxication complicating multiple trauma. AB - Exposure to ammonia gas causes severe tissue damage to skin, lungs, and eyes. Toxic effects, both immediate and delayed, can alter the response to other injuries. We report a 14-year-old boy who suffered multiple trauma in a vehicular accident and at the same time was exposed to anhydrous ammonia. He exhibited severe pulmonary and ocular damage in addition to other severe injuries, and despite aggressive treatment, died of respiratory failure. PMID- 7277554 TI - Safety and effectiveness of autotransfusion in massive bleeding. PMID- 7277555 TI - Use of the fascial plane system in the facelift operation. AB - The shifting of skin and superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) fascia in the facelift procedure represents an important development in the improvement of the lax and sagging skin of the face and neck. The pathology of aging skin is reviewed, the anatomy of the SMAS fascia is described, and the use of SMAS fascia in surgery along with attendant potential hazards are discussed. PMID- 7277556 TI - Facelift surgery. AB - The facelift operation is designed to lift the spirits of the individual by physically lifting excess skin on the face and neck area. Three different types of facelift procedures used in the author's practice are outlined and patient selection criteria are indicated. PMID- 7277557 TI - Mentoplasty. AB - For the cosmetic facial surgeon, the consideration of the chin area is important when developing an esthetically balanced face. Emphasis is placed on the evaluation of the patient, and the surgical technique, which consists of using a submental incision with a gel-filled implant. The goal in mentoplasty is to create facial harmony. PMID- 7277558 TI - Unilateral orbital disease. AB - The causes of unilateral orbital disease encountered during a seven year period are reviewed. Although orbital involvement secondary to primary rhinological conditions accounted for 73 per cent of the cases, the importance of systemic disease, and in particular angiitis, as a cause of orbital pseudotumor is stressed. PMID- 7277559 TI - T3 and T4 carcinoma of the larynx--a retrospective study. AB - T3 and T4 lesions of the larynx were reviewed and the five year survival figures compared for radiotherapy, surgery, and combined therapy. Glottic T3N0M0 lesions gave an acceptable five year survival figure of 66 per cent. Radiotherapy is advised as the modality of treatment for T3N0M0 lesions. Larger glottic and supraglottic lesions responded poorly to all modalities of treatment and a more aggressive treatment policy may be advisable. PMID- 7277560 TI - Positive contrast cisternography: analysis of 1) false negative studies, 2) false positive diagnoses of acoustic neuroma. AB - In performing and interpreting positive contrast cisternograms, one must be aware that both false negative and false positive studies are possible. The former may be avoided by an appreciation of normal anatomical variants of the cisterns and by adequate projections. The false positive study in which a lesion other than an acoustic neuroma is found, is mainly a problem where there is non-filling of the internal auditory canal without a significant angle mass. The differential diagnosis of such lesions is discussed. PMID- 7277561 TI - Use of telephone amplifying devices by the hearing-impaired. AB - Recommendations of telephone amplifying devices for the hearing-impaired are evaluated. Handset amplifiers and hearing aids are compared. Performance characteristics of the devices, clinical evaluation of patient benefit, and use of the devices by a representative group of patients are discussed. Need for follow-up and directions for future improvements of such devices are indicated. PMID- 7277562 TI - An unusual first branchial cleft cyst. AB - First branchial cleft anomalies have been documented with increasing frequency within the past decade, with more than 200 cases reported to date. A case of a first branchial cleft cyst with some unusual features is presented. The literature of such anomalies is reviewed, with some distinct clinical differences being noted between cysts and other branchial cleft anomalies. PMID- 7277563 TI - How I do it--Dacryocystorhinostomy. PMID- 7277564 TI - Speech discrimination and effectiveness of hearing aids under listening conditions similar to those of a transit operator. AB - Some controversy exists regarding regulations that permit hearing impaired drivers to operate passenger carrying vehicles. In other situations it has been shown that the hearing impaired generally have more difficulty than normals discriminating speech in noise. The present study investigates this under listening conditions simulating those of a transit operator, and also looks at the effects of a hearing aid on speech discrimination in the same situation. One normal hearing group and three groups representing varying degrees of symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss were given a sentence type discrimination test in a background of recorded diesel bus noise at different speech-to-noise ratios. The hearing impaired groups performed more poorly than normals and the use of hearing aids did not affect the performance of the hearing impaired groups. Regulations pertaining to licensing of transit operators should take into account hearing above 2,000 Hz. The results of this study, combined with the possibility of noise damage from amplified noise levels, lead us to conclude that hearing aids should not be worn by transit operators on the job. PMID- 7277565 TI - Choice of treatment for chronic suppurative otitis media. AB - Many otolaryngologists appear to be confused regarding the indications for tympanoplasty and the choice of procedure for tympanoplasty, particularly if there is associated mastoid disease. This paper presents one otolaryngologist's approach to the patient with chronic suppurative otitis media and describes the indications for surgery and choice of surgical procedure based on a simple classification of the disease process. PMID- 7277566 TI - Cell surface morphology of a variant L-cell line resistant to low and sensitive to high temperature. PMID- 7277567 TI - Fine-structural localization of oxaloacetate-forming carboxylases in vacuoles of Claviceps purpurea. PMID- 7277568 TI - The morphogenesis of nematocytes in Hydra and Forskalia: an ultrastructural study. PMID- 7277569 TI - Ultrastructure of bean leaf beetle (Ceratoma trifurcata) hemocytes and their phagocytic activities on tobacco mosaic virus, a non-beetle-transmitted virus. PMID- 7277570 TI - Ultrastructural studies of protophloem sieve elements in Gossypium hirsutum. PMID- 7277571 TI - Ultrastructure of the nuclear matrix from Physarum polycephalum during the mitotic cycle. PMID- 7277572 TI - Morphometric analysis of the membranes and organelles of small intestinal enterocytes. I. Fasted hamster. PMID- 7277573 TI - Morphometric analysis of the membranes and organelles of small intestinal enterocytes. II. lipid-fed hamster. PMID- 7277574 TI - Matrix-mineral relationships in the scallop hinge ligament. PMID- 7277575 TI - [Ultrastructural study of sperm flagella schistosomes (Trematoda: Digenea)]. PMID- 7277577 TI - Transfection of KB cells by liposomes containing adenovirus type 2 DNA. AB - Adenovirus type 2 DNA was entrapped in liposomes which were then used to transfect KB cells with an efficiency of approximately 4,000 plaques per mug of encapsulated DNA. PMID- 7277576 TI - Distribution of anionic sites on surfaces of retinal cells: a study using cationized ferritin. PMID- 7277578 TI - Transforming genes among three different oncogenic subgroups of human adenoviruses have similar replicative functions. AB - We have examined the functional similarity of the transforming genes for replicative functions among three different subgroups of human adenoviruses (A, B, and C), using mutant complementation as an assay. A host range deletion mutant (dl201.2) of Ad2 (nononcogenic subgroup C) lacking about 5% of the viral DNA covering two early gene blocks (E1a and E1b) involved in cellular transformation was isolated and tested for its ability to replicate in nonpermissive KB cells in the presence of Ad7 (weakly oncogenic group B) or ad12 (highly oncogenic group A). The complementation of the mutant defect was demonstrated by cleaving the viral DNA extracted from mixed infected cells or the DNA extracted from purified virions from mixed infected cells with restriction endonuclease BamHI, which produces a different cleavage pattern with the DNA of each serotype. It was found that the defects in E1a plus E1b of dl201.2 could be complemented by Ad7 and Ad12, indicating that these genes in Ad2, Ad7, and Ad12 have similar functions during productive infection. PMID- 7277579 TI - Selective disappearance of two secreted host proteins in the course of Semliki Forest virus infection of Aedes albopictus cells. AB - One secreted host protein of molecular weight 54,000 (SP 54) disappeared (from 24 to 48 h after infection) in Semliki Forest virus-infected Aedes albopictus cell clone C6/36 grown in both Mitsuhashi-Maramorosch basal medium and tissue culture medium 199 and reappeared when cells went into the permanently infected state. C6/36 is a high virus producer showing a cytopathic effect. A second secreted host protein of molecular weight 62,000 (SP 62) was prominent if cell clone C6/36 was grown in tissue culture medium 199. After infection in this medium, the protein showed a behavior similar to that described for SP 54. These secreted proteins were not affected in two original Aedes albopictus cell lines. SP 54 and SP 62 are monomeric proteins and structurally not related. PMID- 7277580 TI - Specific Sindbis virus-coded function for minus-strand RNA synthesis. AB - The synthesis of minus-strand RNA was studied in cell cultures infected with the heat-resistant strain of Sindbis virus and with temperature-sensitive (ts) belonging to complementation groups A, B, F, and G, all of which exhibited an RNA negative (RNA-) phenotype when infection was initiated and maintained at 39 degrees C, the nonpermissive temperature. When infected cultures were shifted from 28 degrees C (the permissive temperature) to 39 degrees C at 3 h postinfection, the synthesis of viral minus-strand RNA ceased in cultures infected with ts mutants of complementation groups B and F, but continued in cultures infected with the parental virus and mutans of complementation groups A and G. In cultures infected with ts11 of complementation group B, the synthesis of viral minus-strand RNA ceased, whereas the synthesis of 42S and 26S plus strand RNAs continued for at least 5 h after the shift to 39 degrees C. However, when ts11-infected cultures were returned to 28 degrees C 1 h after the shift to 39 degrees C, the synthesis of viral minus-strand RNA resumed, and the rate of viral RNA synthesis increased. The recovery of minus-strand synthesis translation of new proteins. We conclude that at least one viral function is required for alphavirus minus-strand synthesis that is not required for plus-strand synthesis. In cultures infected with ts6 of complementation group F, the syntheses of both viral plus-strand and minus-strand RNAs were drastically reduced after the shift to 39 degrees C. Since ts6 failed to synthesize both plus-strand and minus-strand RNAs after the shift to 39 degrees C, at least one common viral component appears to be required for the synthesis of both minus-strand and plus-strand RNAs. PMID- 7277581 TI - The practical value of diagnostic ultrasound in urology. PMID- 7277582 TI - Quo tendimus. PMID- 7277583 TI - Branched calculi: shapes and operative approaches. AB - Branched calculi (infection stones) typically arise in intrarenal pelves. They expand to touch the pelvic wall and then grow peripherally, keeping contact with the walls of the pelvis and greater than or equal to 1 infundibula. Filling the infundibulum obstructs the calix and allows terminal expansion of the stone. From study of a series of stones such a sequence might be reconstructed. The shape of the calculus and collecting structures was traced and classified from excretory urograms of 50 consecutive renal units. The funnel pelvis, usually intrarenal, contained a stone either extending into the ureteropelvic junction (24 cases) or stopping short of it (9 cases). Pelvic or infundibular and caliceal dilatation around the stone was found in the remaining 8 and 9 cases, respectively. These patterns of growth of branched calculi directly bear on the approaches and technique for the operative removal. Because typical branched calculi arise in the intrarenal pelvis a high transverse intrahilar incision is necessary. Less intrahilar dissection is needed for cases in which the pelvis is dilated above and around the stone. Counter-incisions through the parenchyma or anatrophic nephrolithotomy is reserved for those patients with infundibular obstruction and resulting expanded caliceal stones. PMID- 7277584 TI - The use of the Doppler stethoscope in anatrophic nephrotomy. AB - Anatrophic nephrotomy has facilitated greatly the surgical removal of staghorn calculi. However, the methylene blue technique used to define the anatrophic plane proves time-consuming and may jeopardize renal parenchymal vascular supply by provoking vasospasm. Any technique to minimize these complications would be advantageous. The use of the Doppler stethoscope effectively reduces extensive renal segmental vessel dissection as well as operative and warm ischemia time. The advantage of the Doppler stethoscope in other forms of renal stone surgery is alluded to also. PMID- 7277585 TI - Nephroscopy in chronic unilateral hematuria. AB - Thirteen patients underwent renal exploration with nephroscopy to localize and to treat chronic unilateral gross hematuria. Recurrent episodes of clot colic were noted in 6 patients, 1 required multiple transfusions and persistent fears of cancer or problems with insurability prompted several patients to seek referral. All patients had undergone bleeding studies, urine culture, cytology, excretory urograms, retrograde pyelograms and selective renal angiography. These studies either were normal or failed to identify the bleeding source. Nephroscopy was recommended after failure of conservative treatments. At operative nephroscopy, done after preliminary cytoscopy to confirm active bleeding, the bleeding sites were identified in all our patients. Discrete submucosal hemangiomas were found in 5 patients and the bleeding could be localized to 1 calix in 7 others. Of our patients 12 underwent partial nephrectomy and 1 had a nephrectomy. To date there has been no recurrence of bleeding in any of these patients. Despite careful histological examination microscopic hemangiomas could be found in only 6 of our specimens. Chronic gross hematuria can be disabling physically and emotionally. In most, if not all, such cases judicious renal exploration with nephroscopy is warranted and cure can be expected with conservative partial nephrectomy. PMID- 7277587 TI - The surgical management of hereditary multifocal renal carcinoma. AB - A family was described recently in which renal carcinoma developed in 10 members in 3 consecutive generations. The cancer tended to develop in patients at an early age, and to occur in both kidneys and at multiple sites more frequently than in nonfamilial renal cancer. The finding of a balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 3 and 8 in affected family members suggest that an inherited genetic defect predisposes to the development of this cancer in middle-aged patients and offers a marker for screening individuals at risk. We herein discuss the surgical management of 4 family members, the proband and 3 relatives, who were discovered on screening to have bilateral, multifocal renal cancer. Certain compromises in the principles of radical tumor surgery have proved effective in these 4 patients. Partial nephrectomy has resulted in total extirpation of the bilateral tumors with survivals of 2 to 4 years without need for chronic dialysis. The sequential order of surgical procedures is important since partial nephrectomy of the least affected side first allows a total nephrectomy on the more affected side to be done later, when necessary, without transient renal failure. PMID- 7277586 TI - Prediction of renal functional recovery after relief of upper urinary tract obstruction. AB - Renal cortical regions of interest were used prospectively to predict recoverability of renal function in 27 patients with unilateral or bilateral urinary tract obstruction. In these 27 patients 36 kidneys with short-term or long-term obstruction were studied. The 131iodine radiohippuran renogram curves were generated from areas of interest from the renal cortex and from the whole kidney. Curves generated during obstruction were evaluated qualitatively to determine if regional cortical renograms exhibited a more normal appearance than total kidney curves. After relief of obstruction renograms generated from the whole kidney were evaluated for evidence of renal functional recovery. Cortical curves obtained before relief obstruction were judged normal, with an abnormal whole kidney renogram in 20 of 36 kidneys. The whole kidney renogram improved after relief of obstruction in all 20 cases. Cortical curves for the remaining 16 kidneys before relief of obstruction had the same abnormal appearance as the whole kidney renogram. After relief of obstruction no evidence of kidney function improvement as measured by the renogram was evident in 14 kidneys. The over-all accuracy of this test of renal functional recoverability was 94 per cent. These data support the hypothesis that when cortical curves appear more normal than total kidney curves there is a strong likelihood of postoperative improvement in renal function when the obstruction is relieved. Abnormal cortical curves are associated with a poor prognosis for renal functional improvement. PMID- 7277589 TI - The diagnostic value of urine versus bladder washing in patients with bladder cancer. AB - In a prospective, critical appraisal of simultaneously collected cystoscopic urine and bladder cancer washing for the evaluation of patients with bladder cancer little consistent difference in cellular yield or preservation could be documented between the 2 techniques. Diagnostic cells usually occurred in both types of specimens but in 20 to 30 per cent of the cases they could be identified only in cystoscopic urine. Over-all, 13.1 per cent of the cancers would have been missed had cystoscopic urine not been examined cytologically. Although bladder washing alone has a greater diagnostic yield than cystoscopic urine alone urine remains a valuable source of diagnostic information and should be evaluated, even when simultaneously collected bladder washings are available. PMID- 7277590 TI - Update on intracavitary radiation in the treatment of bladder tumors. AB - A 15-year experience with intracavitary radiation for the treatment of selected bladder tumors is presented. The age range of these patients was 39 to 91 years, with an average of 65 years. There were 38 men and 17 women with multiple stage A bladder tumors and carcinoma in situ. Some patients were poor risks for treatment by total extirpative surgery. A simplified technique using a 25 mg. radium capsule as a central source is described for administration of 4,000 to 5,000 rad to the surface of the bladder. Most patients tolerate the presence of the radium catheter with little difficulty. No morbidity and no mortality were reported. In this series more than 60 per cent of the patients benefited from the therapy, with no recurrence noted in some cases after up to 8 1/2 years of followup. Intracavitary radiation is used in few clinics. Use of this modality does not preclude or complicate the subsequent use of other conservative measures or radical therapy if required. It is an effective procedure for treatment of multiple superficial and noninvasive tumors, including primary or recurrent carcinoma in situ, that are uncontrolled by other conservative measures. PMID- 7277588 TI - The role of arteriography in the management of renal cell carcinoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. PMID- 7277592 TI - Penile implants in spinal cord injury patients for maintaining external appliances. PMID- 7277591 TI - Prominent lateral mucosal folds in the bulbous urethra. PMID- 7277594 TI - Expansion without significant rigidity during nocturnal penile tumescence testing: a potential source of misinterpretation. PMID- 7277595 TI - Quantification of erection. AB - In the study of impotence the objective measurement of erection is not yet available. The commercially available nocturnal penile tumescence device records penile expansion only. Penile stiffness and intracavernosal pressure have not been measured. We only developed a penile model in which the simultaneous measurement of expansion and intraluminal pressure could be recorded. In the patient a similar measuring system has been used in acutely produced penile erection and serves as a point of reference to be compared to spontaneous erections recorded at night with the nocturnal penile tumescence device. The ratio between the artificial acute erection and the spontaneous nocturnal erection was calculated and aided in the evaluation of impotence. PMID- 7277597 TI - Erectile impotence: objective diagnosis from sleep-related erections (nocturnal penile tumescence) PMID- 7277596 TI - Significance of impaired penile tumescence and associated polysomnographic abnormalities in the impotent patient. AB - Of 15 consecutive patients with secondary impotence 7 (46 per cent) had varied degrees of abnormal nocturnal penile tumescence and 1 or more of the following sleep-associated events: frequent apnea and hypoventilation, myoclonus and a slow but remarkably stable heart rate even during episodes of respiratory impairment. All nocturnal penile tumescence measurements, except circumference change at the glans, were significantly lower than in patients with psychogenic impotence or normal subjects. These findings, not described previously, suggest probable central nervous system etiology of organic impotence in some patients. Skilled nocturnal penile tumescence assessment in conjunction with a comprehensive polysomnographic study is an essential diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of the impotent patient. PMID- 7277593 TI - Penile block for postoperative pain relief in penile surgery. PMID- 7277598 TI - Treatment of idiopathic varicoceles by transfemoral testicular vein occlusion. AB - Percutaneous transfemoral occlusion of the testicular vein is a new alternative in the treatment of idiopathic varicocele. Embolization with the Gianturco coil was done on 27 patients. The occlusion was performed immediately after diagnostic phlebography. The results of followup for 1 year are available for 18 patients. In 1 patient the coil had to be removed because of persistent pain, although cause and effect could not be proved. Two patients had a recurrence. The urographic findings were normal 1 year after embolization. No dislocation of the foreign body was observed. Two patients reported that their wives were pregnant. PMID- 7277599 TI - Simultaneous assessment of human sperm motility and morphology by videomicrography. AB - Videotapes were analyzed to assess sperm motility and morphology in the semen of 5 fertile donors and 20 infertile patients. The slow motion playback control of the video recorder allowed simultaneous assessment of the motility and morphology of individual sperm cells. Similar values were obtained with this method for abnormal morphology more often were immotile or weakly motile than were the normal sperm in the same ejaculates. Normal oval sperm in the semen of infertile men were less likely to be motile and tended to swim more slowly than did morphologically normal sperm in the semen of fertile men. PMID- 7277600 TI - Nonmicroscopic vasovasostomy. PMID- 7277601 TI - Interstitial irradiation of carcinoma of the prostate with 125iodine and simultaneous extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy in 32 patients: trials, tribulations and possible triumphs. AB - A series of 32 patients with carcinoma of the prostate who underwent 125iodine interstitial irradiation to the prostate and simultaneous extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy was reviewed. The patients were segregated into 3 groups: group 1 patients with early localized low grade disease, group 2-patients with advanced localized high grade disease and group 3-patients with early localized high grade disease and those with advanced localized low grade disease. Owing to the high degree of predictability of the absence or presence of pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients in groups 1 and 2 and the morbidity associated with superficial pelvic lymphadenectomy we do not advocate this procedure in these patients. However, we advocate pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients in group 3 because of the unpredictability of lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, our data indicate that 1) the morbidity of the combined procedures is relatively low, with no patients becoming incontinent and only 12.5 per cent becoming impotent, 2) 125iodine interstitial irradiation of the prostate after transurethral prostatectomy is safer in terms of postoperative complications than is radical prostatectomy and 3) while superficial pelvic lymphadenectomy is not an innocuous procedure it generally is safe and, at times, an important diagnostic staging procedure. PMID- 7277602 TI - The response of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate to exogenous testosterone. AB - In a retrospective review the response of 67 patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate to the administration of exogenous testosterone was analyzed. Among 52 patients in whom objective and/or subjective responses were evaluable 45 experienced unfavorable responses. There was prompt regression of most unfavorable responses with testosterone withdrawal. The duration of treatment required to evoke an unfavorable response was related to the clinical status of the patient. Twenty-five per cent of patients with symptomatic metastases who had received no prior treatment, 36 per cent in symptomatic remission after endocrine therapy and 94 per cent with symptomatic relapse after endocrine therapy experienced unfavorable responses within 30 days of treatment. No patient had objective evidence of tumor regression during testosterone therapy but 7 patients, 6 with remission and 1 untreated, experienced symptomatic benefit. We conclude that the response of patients with metastatic prostate cancer to exogenous testosterone is related to the mass and endocrine treatment status, and that exogenous testosterone can stimulate prostatic neoplasms that proliferate in the absence of normal endogenous testosterone levels. PMID- 7277603 TI - A review of 171 consecutive patients with urinary lithiasis. AB - During a 3-year interval 171 patients with urinary tract calculi were seen and studied: 98 had kidney, 52 had ureteral and 21 had bladder calculi. In 54 of the 98 patients with kidney stones (55 per cent) abnormal elevations of the blood and/or urine calcium, uric acid or creatinine were noted. Of these 98 patients 54 (55 per cent) were treated with observation only, 42 (43 per cent) were treated surgically (with an operative mortality of 2.4 per cent) and in 2 the renal stones passed spontaneously. Sixty-two per cent of the patients with renal calculi had a history of stones. It is believed that asymptomatic renal stones located in a calix or calices and not associated with infection are best managed nonoperatively. The average age of the 52 patients presenting with ureteral calculi was 12 years younger than that of patients presenting with renal calculi (36 versus 48 years). In 46 per cent of these cases the ureteral calculi ultimately passed spontaneously. Conservative therapy of ureteral calculi with long-term expectant observation (weeks and even months) often is indicated in the obstructed and uninfected patient. Twenty-nine per cent of the patients with ureteral calculi had a history of stones. PMID- 7277604 TI - The flexible choledochoscope: a welcome addition to the urologic armamentarium. PMID- 7277606 TI - Ureteral reimplantation in myelodysplasia children. PMID- 7277605 TI - Primary calycoureterostomy for pelvioureteral junction obstruction: indications and results. PMID- 7277607 TI - Gross hematuria in a patient on chronic renal dialysis for the treatment of end stage renal disease secondary to nephrosclerosis. PMID- 7277608 TI - Adrenal cysts: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7277609 TI - Massive postoperative bleeding in a solitary kidney successfully treated by salvage clot embolization. PMID- 7277610 TI - Hematopoietic tumor of the renal hilus. PMID- 7277612 TI - Involvement of Buck's fascia in congenital torsion of the penis. PMID- 7277611 TI - Penile prosthesis for impotence: case report. PMID- 7277613 TI - Acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon: a serious consequence of urologic surgery. PMID- 7277616 TI - Clotting predisposition in carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 7277615 TI - Ventriculoureteral shunt for hydrocephalus without nephrectomy. PMID- 7277617 TI - Complications of the non-refluxing colon conduit. PMID- 7277614 TI - Renal cell carcinoma in hemodialysis patient. PMID- 7277620 TI - Plasmapheresis, infection, and renal disease. PMID- 7277619 TI - Drug substitution encouraged by law. PMID- 7277618 TI - Selenium may act as cancer inhibitor. PMID- 7277621 TI - Glucagon, diarrhea, and cerebral symptoms. PMID- 7277622 TI - Absorption of benzodiazepines from muscle. PMID- 7277623 TI - Passive-active immunization after anti-HBs immunoglobulin? PMID- 7277624 TI - Chest tubes and CPR. PMID- 7277625 TI - Precautions in testing for carcinoembryonic antigen. PMID- 7277626 TI - Cranial irradiation for lung cancer. PMID- 7277627 TI - Clarification of transient ischemic attack. PMID- 7277629 TI - Delayed menarche and amenorrhea of college athletes in relation to age of onset of training. AB - Age at menarche and menstrual periodicity of 21 college swimmers and 17 runners were studied in relation to the age of initiating training. The 18 premenarche trained athletes had a mean menarcheal age of 15.1 +/- 0.5 years, whereas the 20 postmenarche-trained athletes had a mean menarcheal age of 12.8 +/- 0.2 years, similar to that of the college control subjects, 12.7 +/- 0.4 years. Each year of training before menarche delayed menarche by five months (0.4 years). Of the premenarche-trained athletes, 61% had irregular menstrual cycles and 22% were amenorrheic, whereas 60% of the postmenarche-trained athletes had regular menstrual cycles and none were amenorrheic. Training increased the incidence of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea among both premenarche- and postmenarche-trained athletes. Metabolic and hormonal changes consequent to an increased lean/fat ratio may explain these findings. PMID- 7277630 TI - Pseudomonas maltophilia bacteremia in children undergoing open heart surgery. AB - Pseudomonas maltophilia was isolated from intraoperative blood cultures in eight of 13 children undergoing open heart surgery during a five-week period. Antibiograms were identical and included resistance to prophylactic antibiotics. The source of the outbreak was traced to contamination of both the calibration device used on the pressure monitoring system and the sensor surface of transducers used in this system. In a mock system, calibration with a contaminated device resulted in recovery of the organism from transducer dome fluid. Dye studies confirmed the integrity of the transducer membrane but demonstrated reflux of dome fluid into the monitoring line fluid. A case-control study revealed no patient- or surgery-related factors predisposing to P maltophilia bacteremia and no excess of morbidity or mortality in patients as a result of bacteremia. The outbreak was confined to patients undergoing open heart surgery and was terminated abruptly by sterilization of transducers and revision of the calibration device. PMID- 7277628 TI - Superior vena caval syndrome. PMID- 7277631 TI - The inhibitory quotient. A method for interpreting minimum inhibitory concentration data. AB - A method for reporting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data that facilitates interpretation by the clinician unfamiliar with clinically achievable drug levels is described. This system uses the inhibitory quotient, which is a number reflecting the multiple of the MIC that would be achieved. Inhibitory quotients are determined for blood, urine, bile, and CSF and reflect achievable drug levels in those body fluids. The use of inhibitory quotients can be extremely helpful to the physician in the rational selection of an appropriate antimicrobial agent. PMID- 7277632 TI - Compression of pulmonary artery by aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7277634 TI - Reproductive function in women athletes. PMID- 7277633 TI - Nephrotic syndrome induced by tolmetin. PMID- 7277635 TI - Spontaneous dactylolysis with pain in a 58-year-old American Black man. PMID- 7277636 TI - Synaptic vesicle exocytosis. PMID- 7277637 TI - "Fragile" X chromosome: major link to mental retardation. PMID- 7277638 TI - Air controller strike spotlights job stress. PMID- 7277639 TI - VDTs still beleaguered by worker complaints. PMID- 7277640 TI - Baclofen and tricyclic antidepressants: possible interaction. PMID- 7277641 TI - Unilateral leg edema. PMID- 7277642 TI - Arterial auscultation in peripheral vascular disease. AB - Bruits between epigastrium and popliteal fossae were found in 63% of 309 patients with arterial obstruction and in 7% of 149 patients without obstruction. In the former group, ankle systolic pressure at rest was abnormal in 85% of limbs with bruits, indicating a hemodynamic abnormality. In the majority of limbs with bruits and normal pressures at rest, an abnormal pressure response to exercise suggests that auscultation is useful in detection of even milder arterial lesions. Auscultation, after exercise and during compression of arterial branches distal to the bruits, may unmark stenotic lesions that do not produce audible bruits at rest and may localize bruit-producing lesions. This study indicates that peripheral auscultation is a valuable technique for assessing the arterial system in individual patients and for screening population groups. PMID- 7277643 TI - Symptomatic hypokalemia resulting from surreptitious diuretic ingestion. AB - We report five cases of symptomatic hypokalemia caused by surreptitious diuretic ingestion. A positive diagnosis was made in four patients by a colorimetric detection of the diuretic in urine by simple chemical means. Patients who surreptitiously ingest diuretics appear to be mainly women, among whom there appears to be high prevalence of diagnoses involving the reproductive system. Many of these patients have health-related occupations. They seem to be very concerned with appearing obese or edematous. A high urine potassium level in the presence of a low serum potassium level can suggest this diagnosis. PMID- 7277644 TI - Value of glycosylated hemoglobin measurements after acute myocardial infarction. AB - All nondiabetic patients admitted to a coronary care unit with suspected myocardial infarction (MI) had glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1) determinations to aid in the interpretation of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia was frequent among patients with a confirmed MI, whereas an elevated Hb A1 level was less common and affected patients with and without MI equally. With the use of a fasting plasma glucose level of 140 mg/dL and an Hb A1 level of more than 8.5% as combined diagnostic criteria, 9% of patients (8/93) with MI and 12% of patients (8/68) without MI had previously unrecognized diabetes. Follow-up studies three months after the acute episode supported these results. The Hb A1 measurements provide a practical method to separate hyperglycemia due to stress from that due to diabetes mellitus. Marked hyperglycemia with a normal Hb A1 level indicates a severe MI. PMID- 7277645 TI - Smoke-inhalation injuries. PMID- 7277646 TI - The modern monitor-defibrillator. A potential source of falsely abnormal ECG recordings. PMID- 7277647 TI - Subacute carbon monoxide poisoning. Another great imitator. AB - The illnesses of two patients with characteristic symptoms of subacute carbon monoxide poisoning were misdiagnosed initially. This resulted in the needless exposure of one patient and two relatives to a toxic environment. The cherry-red color of the skin commonly cited in the literature was absent in both patients. The carbon monoxide poisoning probably contributed to the myocardial infarction and pulmonary emboli seen in these patients. Vague flu-like illnesses should raise the suspicion of carbon monoxide poisoning. PMID- 7277648 TI - Balloon occlusion of the internal spermatic vein for the treatment of varicoceles. AB - Varicocele is one of the most common causes of male infertility. We have developed a technique for the treatment of this disorder in which occlusion of the internal spermatic vein is accomplished percutaneously using a detachable balloon. Twenty-one varicocceles in 20 patients have been treated successfully without complication. This procedure can be performed easily, without general anesthesia or surgical incision, on an outpatient basis. PMID- 7277649 TI - Fatal vidarabine toxicity in a patient with normal renal function. PMID- 7277651 TI - Metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma. Prolonged regression with mitotane therapy. PMID- 7277652 TI - Congenital factor X deficiency and incomplete transverse paralysis. PMID- 7277650 TI - Tracheobronchomegaly causing recurrent pneumonia. PMID- 7277653 TI - Severe necrotizing soft-tissue infections. Multiple disease entities requiring a common approach. AB - The spectrum of severe soft-tissue surgical infections extends from synergistic necrotizing soft-tissue infections to histotoxic clostridial infections. These syndromes may demonstrate dramatic destruction of underlying tissue far out of proportion to the external evidence for infection, although a marked systemic response in common. The differential diagnosis hinges on the clinical presentation, the Gram's stain, and operative inspection. More important than the precise label placed on a given case is the early recognition of the urgent surgical nature of the infection. Signs indicating a rapidly spreading soft tissue infection mandate fluid resuscitation, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and early operative exploration with aggressive debridement. These are highly lethal infections in which timely recognition and effective management may be lifesaving. PMID- 7277654 TI - Does diagnostic method influence survival? PMID- 7277655 TI - Upper body pain: possible tipoff to Pancoast tumor. PMID- 7277656 TI - Toxic shock syndrome shared between couple. PMID- 7277657 TI - Consequences of atom bombings in dispute. PMID- 7277658 TI - Barbiturates may differ in effects on immune system. PMID- 7277659 TI - NASA research fosters rehabilitative device. PMID- 7277660 TI - Ethylene glycol poisoning. PMID- 7277661 TI - Evaluation of problems in assisted ventilation. PMID- 7277662 TI - Direct arterial blood pressure measurements. PMID- 7277663 TI - Baseline ECGs. PMID- 7277664 TI - Acetylcysteine and speaking tracheostomy tubes. PMID- 7277665 TI - Colorectal cancer detection. PMID- 7277666 TI - Abuse of the elderly. PMID- 7277668 TI - Improved antibiotic usage following introduction of a novel prescription system. AB - We investigated the impact of a novel antibiotic prescription system on antibiotic use. After a two-month baseline monitoring period, an antibiotic prescription form was introduced on surgical and medical wards, which obliged physicians to categorize antibiotic use as prophylactic, empirical (culture results unavailable), or therapeutic. Depending on the category, administration of antibiotics was automatically discontinued after two days (prophylactic), three days (empirical), or seven days (therapeutic) unless the physician renewed the order or specified an alternate duration of administration. In the subsequent two-month intervention period, 233 (60%) of 390 surgical patients received prophylactic antibiotics compared with 281 (68%) of 413 in the baseline period. Mean duration of prophylaxis was reduced from 4.9 +/- 2.4 days to 2.9 +/- 1.6 days. In the intervention period, 11% of patients received their first prophylactic dose postoperatively, compared with a 30% baseline rate. The percentage of urology patients receiving appropriate therapy for urinary tract infection increased from 38% to 89%. No significant changes in antibiotic use were noted on the medical service. This antibiotic prescription system may have a substantial impact on antibiotic use. PMID- 7277667 TI - Propranolol and epinephrine. PMID- 7277669 TI - Medical schools without walls. Self-instruction abroad. AB - A fraction of American citizens who are denied acceptance to domestic medical schools complete all or part of their education abroad. The different modes of instruction these students experience are discussed, as well as possible factors that lead a student to use one mode above another. The role of self-instruction in medical education is examined. Additionally, preclinical subject matter taught in a domestic institution is compared quantitatively in 4,067 categories with a curriculum offered in a foreign institution, as well as with a self-designed curriculum. Based on test performance on part 1 of the National Board of Medical Examiner's examination, we conclude that self-instruction can be an effective method for learning the basic science aspects of a medical school curriculum. PMID- 7277670 TI - Toxic shock syndrome in the puerperium. PMID- 7277671 TI - Craniopharyngioma in two siblings. PMID- 7277672 TI - Renal adenocarcinoma associated with multiple simple cysts. PMID- 7277674 TI - [Effects of halothane anesthesia and minor surgery on thyroid function in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277673 TI - Lymphoid hypophysitis. An unusual cause of hyperprolactinemia and enlarged sella turcica. PMID- 7277675 TI - [Effects of anti-anginal and/or coronary vasodilator drugs on coronary as well as systemic hemodynamics, myocardial blood flow distribution during halothane anesthesia in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277676 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia--postoperative changes of serum LDH and CPK isozymes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277678 TI - [Effects of fentanyl on the cardiovascular system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277679 TI - [Rate of the intraoperative administration of lactated Ringer's solution and changes of renal function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277680 TI - [Long-acting analgesic, buprenorphine, in the management of immediate postoperative pain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277681 TI - [Determination of endotracheal tube size in children from the chest film (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277677 TI - [Effects of GSH on endocrine function and lysosomal enzyme levels during cardiopulmonary bypass in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277684 TI - [Neuroleptanesthesia for a patient with porphyria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277683 TI - [A case of reflex sympathetic dystrophy successfully treated with stellate ganglion blocks (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277682 TI - [Modified neuroleptanesthesia for pheochromocytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277685 TI - [A case of prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation--histological considerations on the indication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277686 TI - [Report on the 7th congress of the World Federation of Society of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA) held at Hamburg]. PMID- 7277687 TI - [Effect of hepatic and skeletal muscle blood flow on the elimination pattern of halothane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277688 TI - [A new method of anesthesia with droperidol, diazepam, nitrous oxide and oxygen (DDGO anesthesia) Part 2. Effect of anesthesia and surgery on adrenocortical function and carbohydrate metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277689 TI - [Althesin anesthesia and malignant hyperthermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277690 TI - [Sympathetic activities observed through venous reactions in an arm under the tourniquet application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277691 TI - [Anesthesia lasting more than six hours : statistical analyses and problems of waste anesthetic gases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277692 TI - [Effect of glutathione administration on carbohydrate metabolism in endotoxin shocked mouse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277693 TI - [Anesthetic management of a congenital tracheoesophageal fistula associated with congenital laryngeal cleft--a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277694 TI - [Hypothermia anesthesia for a case of pheochromocytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277695 TI - [Resuscitation in France--development of a new concept and ethical and socio economic limitations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277696 TI - [Recent problems in blood transfusion (2)--transfusion of blood components (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277698 TI - [Reaction of Actinomyces polysaccharide with C-reactive protein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277697 TI - [Studies on intestinal absorption of cellular constituents of Bifidobacterium. 1. Absorption of radioactivity of (3H) leucine-labeled Bifidobacterium bifidum cells and subcellular materials in germfree and conventional mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277699 TI - [Application of SP-sephadex chromatography to the purification of staphylococcal enterotoxin D and E (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277700 TI - [Relationship between severity and prognosis in aplastic anemia. Analysis of 190 cases registered by the Ministry of Health and Welfare Specific Disease Research Committee (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277701 TI - [Meningeal involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277703 TI - [Lithium therapy in congenital neutropenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277702 TI - [Thirteen cases of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia--clinical and biochemical studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277704 TI - [Vaccination in children with acute leukemia and solid tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277705 TI - [Congenital pernicious anemia: report of a case with atrophic gastritis and transitory selective malabsorption of vitamin B12 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277706 TI - [An autopsy case of reactive reticulosis with repeated infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277707 TI - [A case of beta-thalassemia minor found in a Chinese staying in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277708 TI - [Structure and function of the human spleen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277709 TI - [Morphology of the spleen in hemolytic anemia -- light microscopic observations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277710 TI - [Analysis of the spleen hemodynamics in reference to red cell destruction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277711 TI - [Spleen and red cell destruction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277712 TI - [Clinical evaluation of hepatic dysfunction complicating the management of acute leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277713 TI - [A case of new G 6 PD variant associated with chronic nonspherocytic anemia: G 6 PD Sapporo (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277714 TI - [Analysis of isoenzymes and its significance: LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)]. PMID- 7277715 TI - [Analysis of isoenzymes and its significance: leucine aminopeptidase]. PMID- 7277716 TI - [Analysis of isoenzymes and its significance: cystine-aminopeptidase (CAP)]. PMID- 7277718 TI - [Analysis of isoenzymes and its significance: acid phosphatase]. PMID- 7277719 TI - [Analysis of isoenzymes and its significance: glutamate dehydrogenase]. PMID- 7277717 TI - [Clinical and physiopathological significance in determination of serum monoamine oxidase isoenzyme]. PMID- 7277720 TI - [Analysis of isoenzymes and its significance: alkaline phosphatase]. PMID- 7277722 TI - [Analysis of isoenzymes and its significance: cholinesterase isozyme]. PMID- 7277723 TI - [Analysis of isoenzymes and its significance: GOT and GPT]. PMID- 7277721 TI - [Analysis of isoenzymes and its significance: creatine kinase]. PMID- 7277724 TI - [Analysis of isoenzymes and its significance: aldolase]. PMID- 7277726 TI - [X-ray appearance of the maxillary and mandibular bone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277725 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection of the lung--roentgenological analysis of the fashion of progression and its wide distribution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277727 TI - [Planning of radiation therapy for oesophageal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277729 TI - [X-ray findings of Crohn's disease of the large intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277730 TI - [Two cases of laterally situated sinus pericranii (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277728 TI - [Angiography in liver hemangioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277731 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the spleen diagnosed by computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277732 TI - [Solitary unipapillary kidney with single calyx--two cases occurring in siblings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277734 TI - [A case of simple renal cyst showing an appearance of submucosal gastric tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277733 TI - [Renal cell carcinoma in horseshoe kidney: report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277735 TI - [Tomorex radiography in the general practice of dentistry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277736 TI - [Arthropathy of hemochromatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277737 TI - [Scintigraphy of splenic abscess (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277738 TI - [Treatment of metastatic lung tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277739 TI - [Retrospective radiographic study of esophageal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277740 TI - [Radiological study after the operation of esophageal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277741 TI - [Parietal shadow of the stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277742 TI - [Lumbar epidural venography in the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277743 TI - [Computed tomographic diagnosis in patients with recurrent cervical cancer invaded to the iliac bone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277744 TI - [Clinical evaluation of renogram as a method of the follow-up study after irradiation treatment for carcinoma of uterine cervix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277746 TI - [A case of leucoencephalopathy caused by the intraventricular administration of methotrexate--follow-up analysis by computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277745 TI - [Occurrence of excessive reflux of contrast medium during carotid angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277747 TI - [A perfusion defect in the case of a sarcoid heart by thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277748 TI - [X-ray findings of pulmonary varix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277751 TI - [Thoracic outlet syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277750 TI - [Evaluation of the risk due to medical irradiation]. PMID- 7277749 TI - [X-ray and endoscopic findings of esophageal and terminal ileal ulcers with Behcet disease: report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277752 TI - [Case reports of interesting metastatic tumor in clinic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277753 TI - [Computed tomography of the spinal disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277754 TI - [Computed tomography in cardiac diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277755 TI - [Computed tomography in the evaluation of hepatic hemangioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277756 TI - [Computed tomographic angiography of the abdominal tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277757 TI - [Computed tomographic study of normal pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277759 TI - [Clinical significance of adrenal scintigraphy and computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277758 TI - [The correlation of computed tomographic and lymphographic diagnosis of malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277762 TI - [Alveolar hydatid disease of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277761 TI - [Diagnosis of gynecologic pelvic masses by CT scan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277760 TI - [Differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal mass lesion by CT scanning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277763 TI - [Computed tomography in radiotherapy]. PMID- 7277764 TI - [Radiological findings of pulmodiaphragmatic ligament (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277765 TI - [Radiological study of sm-Esophageal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277766 TI - [A radiological consideration on the contrast pharyngogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277768 TI - [Ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal tube (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277769 TI - [X-ray manifestations of the retroperitoneal fibrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277767 TI - [Uncommon roentgenographic findings of neonatal gastric perforation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277772 TI - [Two cases of moyamoya disease diagnosed by CT (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277771 TI - [The effect of Neolamin 3B to the anemia of cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277773 TI - [Pseudohypoparathyroidism associated with the persistent hypoglossal artery. Report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277770 TI - [Malignant neoplasms from radiotherapy of benign diseases]. PMID- 7277774 TI - [Gastric ulcer simulating submucosal tumor on the roentgen finding (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277777 TI - [Cavernous lymphangioma of the spleen: report of a case and angiographic findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277776 TI - [Lymphogram of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277775 TI - [A case of Melnick-Needles syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277779 TI - [Innovation of the radiographic display box on wheels]. PMID- 7277778 TI - [Rapid processing system using computer (PC-12) in ralston-therapy of carcinoma of the uterine cervix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277781 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277780 TI - [Septic lung, interstitial emphysema and barotrauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277782 TI - [Computed tomography in radiotherapy]. PMID- 7277784 TI - Analyses of some mite antigens found in house dust and in food material. AB - Antigen analyses by micro-Ouchterlony, immunoelectrophoresis and passive hemagglutination tests were carried out on extracts from each of the following cultured mites: Dermatophogoides farinae, Dermatophogoides pteronyssinus, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Aleuroglyphus ovatus and Carpoglyphus lactis; and on an extract from the culture medium for each mite. Antisera were raised against each extract or each medium in rabbits or in guinea pigs. Up to 5 precipitin lines by micro-Ouchterlony test and up to 8 precipitin arcs by immunoelectrophoresis were detected between an extract and its homologous (corresponding) antiserum. Some of the lines or arcs were seen consistently to be common to all species tested. The absorption of common antigens in an extract by heterologous (noncorresponding) antiserum was employed to find the antigens specific to D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus. By these tests, at least 3 species-specific antigens for D. farinae and 2 for D. pteronyssinus were found. In passive hemagglutination tests, higher titers were obtained mainly in homologous systems, although weak cross reaction was observed in every system. Culture media did not participate in any reaction combinations used here and did not interfere with the analyses. PMID- 7277783 TI - Acute glomerular lesions induced by polyvinyl alcohol-bovine serum albumin (PVA BSA) complex in the rat--a possible mechanism of local immune complex formation. AB - Two types of renal lesions, renal cortical necrosis and acute proliferative glomerular lesions were induced by a single or several intravenous injections of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-bovine serum albumin (BSA) complex in Wistar King Aptakeman rats. All animals given a single dose died of renal cortical necrosis within 7 days. Injected PVA-BSA complex was localized in the glomerular capillary lumina in a pattern of thrombosis. All animals given daily injections of a small dose for 5 days developed acute proliferative glomerular lesions accompanied by a significant deposition of IgG, IgM and C3 in the mesangium in which the PVA-BSA complex had been localized. The subsequent deposition of immunoglobulins and complement was suggestive of a possible mechanism of local immune complex formation in the development of the present proliferative glomerular lesions. PMID- 7277785 TI - Effect of anticancer agents on the susceptibility of tumor cells to immune cytolysis. AB - Effect of anticancer agents on the immune cytolysis of tumor cells was investigated. Cell of ascites hepatoma line of C3H/He strain of mouse, MH134, were treated with anticancer agents and used for target cells in immune cytolysis experiments. In cytotoxicity tests, MH134 cells pretreated with mitomycin C or Adriamycin were lysed by xenogeneic or allogeneic antisera and complement at significantly higher rates than non-treated MH134 cells. To test cytostatic effect of antisera, target MH134 cells were pretreated with much lower concentration of anticancer agents than that in the cytotoxicity tests, the anticancer-agent-treated tumor cells were damaged with complement and the xenogeneic and allogeneic antisera at higher rates than the non-treated tumor cells. Allogeneic spleen cells from DDD mice sensitized with MH134 tumor damaged anticancer-agent-treated MH134 cells at higher rates than non-treated MH134 cells. These results suggested an enhancing effect of anticancer agents on immune cytolysis of tumor cells in hosts who could actively and/or passively immunologically respond against tumor. PMID- 7277788 TI - The reticulin fiber forming cells in culture of human ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 7277787 TI - Comparison of the blood film, Millipore filter and Nuclepore filter techniques for the detection of microfilaremia in a field survey in the Philippines. AB - The blood film, Millipore filter and Nuclepore filter techniques were applied in a filariasis field survey at a village in the Philippines. venous blood from each person was examined by the three techniques to compare their efficacy of microfilariae detection. Overall positive rate was 16.1% by the combined techniques. Microfilaria positive rate was highest in Nuclepore filter method (15.6%) followed by Millipore technique (13.6%) and blood film (11.5%), but their difference was not significant statistically. The ratio of the total microfilaria counts by the three techniques was 1:29.8:30.3, which seems to reflect the ratio of the blood volumes used. There was no significant difference between the microfilaria counts by the three techniques adjusted to the same volume of 30 microliter and examined by F-test. It is considered that the blood film is still of practical value in field surveys. PMID- 7277789 TI - Effect of hypoxia on acetic acid ulcer of the stomach in rats with or without coenzyme Q10. AB - As one of the factors contributing to the intractability of chronic gastric ulcer, the effect of hypoxia is examined in this paper, based upon the experimental acetic acid ulcer in the stomach of Wistar rats. Results indicate that hypoxia has a harmful influence on the healing process of chronic, gastric ulcer in rats, and also that this effect of hypoxia can be prevented by administration of Coenzyme Q10 in diet. PMID- 7277790 TI - [Drug-induced gastric lesions in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277786 TI - Erythrocyte membrane abnormalities in experimental biliary obstruction: comparative studies on erythrocyte membranes from rats with intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis. AB - The red blood cells from rats with intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis obtained by feeding of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) and ligation of bile duct, respectively, were analysed from biochemical as well as ultrastructural point of view. A significant increase of cholesterol content was observed in the red cell membrane from bile duct-ligated rat. An increment of absolute lecithin content without accompanied increase in phospholipid content was observed in both groups. The fatty acyl chain composition of lecithin remained unchanged except a small increase in stearic acid (13.0% leads to 18.1%) in the bile duct-ligated rat. Despite a small change in the lipid composition, scanning electron microscopic observation revealed a profound alteration in red cell ultrastructure; most of cells were in spur type in ANIT-fed group while variations in red cell shape were observed in bile duct-ligated group. PMID- 7277792 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic studies on the experimental ulcer of the rat small intestine. I. Micro-angiological observation on the healing process of the small intestinal ulcer by the injection replica scanning electron microscope method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277793 TI - [Tissue fibrinolytic activity in ulcerative colitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277791 TI - [Clinical significance of glucagon provocation test in hypergastrinemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277794 TI - [Measurement of local blood flow of the intestine by hydrogen clearance method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277795 TI - [Renal failure in fulmiant hepatitis--the clinicopathological study of 39 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277796 TI - [Histological studies on the livers with intrahepatic gallstones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277797 TI - [Studies on the humoral anti-hepatocyte membrane antibody in active chronic hepatitis (continued). Investigation by a new method using ADCC system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277799 TI - [Lactoferrin of duodenal juice in chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277798 TI - [Changes of cystic duct on the gall stone disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277800 TI - [A case of black liver induced by phenacetin abuse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277802 TI - [Rapid and "direct" measurement of unconjugated bilirubin alpha-isomers in human bile by high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277801 TI - [Benign stricture of the choledochus with membranous diaphragm: report of two cases and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277803 TI - [Studies on alteration of the sterol-ester hydrolase activity in the cholesterol gallstones bearing hamster liver tissue homogenate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277804 TI - [Progression to gangrenous cholecystitis as diagnosed by serial ultrasonography: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277805 TI - [Development from acute gastric lesions to chronic gastric ulcer -- a clinical and experimental study on the natural history of gastric ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277806 TI - [Cytologic studies on irradiated gastric cancer cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277807 TI - [Effects of tetragastrin on catecholamines in gastric juice and gastric tissues in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277811 TI - [Liver diseases and endotoxin. Part I. Effect of bile acid on endotoxin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277810 TI - [The mechanism of the thrombocytopenia in patients with hepatic cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277808 TI - [Studies on gastrin secretion in peptic ulcer -- changes in antral mucosal gastrin content in the course of peptic ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277809 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme from spontaneous colon carcinoma of highly inbred rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277812 TI - [The significance of serum immunoreactive cholylglycine and sulfolithocholylglycine in detection and differential diagnosis of cholelithiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277813 TI - [Studies on ribonucleases in the pancreatic juice of patients with pancreatic disease. I. Ribonuclease assay, effect of storing samples and isolation of the ribonucleases in pure pancreatic juice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277814 TI - [The secretory component and immunoglobulins in human bile and pancreatic juice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277815 TI - [Isolation of Clostridium difficile toxin from the feces of a patient with ulcerative colitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277816 TI - [A case of ulcerative colitis associated with genital ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277817 TI - [Effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor on the acid-base status in canine gastric mucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277818 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase linked immunoglobulin in patients with ulcerative colitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277822 TI - [Collection and transport of urine samples by filter paper absorption method. The method of the determination of sodium, potassium and creatinine concentration in urine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277819 TI - [Blood plasma components in the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277820 TI - [Application of serum glutamic dehydrogenase for the diagnosis of hepatic carcinoma and abscess and for the evaluation of their treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277821 TI - [A study on isoenzyme pattern of glutathione s-transferase of fetal rat liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277825 TI - Enzymatic assay of scordinin as the main tonic principle active in garlic used in health foods. PMID- 7277824 TI - [Studies on silicosis as reported in migrant workers. (Report 2) Pulmonary function impairments in silicosis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277823 TI - [Studies on silicosis as reported in migrant workers. (Report 1) Recent observation of silicosis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277827 TI - [Bone biopsy performed on women living in the cadmium-polluted Jinzu River basin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277828 TI - [Studies on the industrial styrene poisoning (Part X). Determination of styrene in biological materials by gas chromatography (author's transl)]. AB - For monitoring solvents exposure, it is useful to determine not only metabolites of the solvents in urine but also the solvents themselves in blood and tissues. In a series of studies on the industrial styrene poisoning, we have been determining styrene in blood and other tissues as occasion calls. Our examination of the method is presented in this report. The outline on the method is as follows: Aliquots of 0.5g of tissues being added 5 ml of n-hexane are homogenized by a high-speed homogenizer (Polytoron) for 10 to 30 seconds and the filtrates containing extracts are analyzed for styrene by gas chromatography. The linearity was ascertained from the calibration curve obtained by adding the known quantities of styrene (4, 10, 20, 40, 100 ppm) to the blood, liver and adipose tissues of rats. Rates of recoveries of styrene from the above tissues were 92 to 101 per cent. Reproducibility of this method was examined by repeating determinations of styrene in the blood, liver and adipose tissues of rats exposed to 500 ppm styrene for 4 hours, the coefficients of variation being 2.8 to 14.0 per cent. There was an approximately linear relationship between the styrene concentration (0 to 1,000 ppm) of the exposed air and those in the blood of exposed rats. We conclude that our simple and rapid method is applicable to determination of solvents other than styrene in organs and tissues by combining suitable solvents for extraction and packings of gas chromatography. PMID- 7277829 TI - [A personal diffusion sampler for evaluating time weighted exposure to gaseous hydrogen sulfide (author's transl)]. AB - A simple badge type diffusion tube, 35 mm photo film plastic case, was used for evaluating time-weighted exposure to H2S using reagent impregnated filters (Whatman No. 1). The black shade of the reagent filter, 10% Pb(OAc)2 and 2% AgNO3 under the concentration of H2S below 20 ppm for 2 to 4 hours agreed inversely to the diffusion length of the tube, and lineally well correlated with dose-time unit (C X T) and the theoretical value of diffusion. The device was proved to be capable of being used in realistic working conditions provided that there is no extreme fluctuations of H2S. PMID- 7277826 TI - [Effects of learning schedules on operant behavior in lead administered rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277830 TI - [Concentrations of vanadium in human urine and hair (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277831 TI - [A case of bronchial asthma from buckwheat in a housewife whose husband is working in a buckwheat flour mill (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277832 TI - Effects of methylmercury on the amount of phospholipid in rat blood. PMID- 7277833 TI - [Retention of organic solvent vapors in plastic bags (Part 3) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277835 TI - [Determination of nitroglycol in ambient air by gas chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277834 TI - [Effects of various mercury compounds on the activity of glutathione peroxidase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277837 TI - [Advice on maximum permissible exposure level]. PMID- 7277836 TI - [A routine method determining benzo(a)pyrene in environmental air by high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277838 TI - [Comparison of the cold water immersion tests at 5 degrees C and 10 degrees C for diagnosis of the vibration disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277840 TI - [Effects on the manual function of men wearing cold-protective clothing to cold stress (author's transl)]. AB - Subjects were exposed in a climatic chamber for 60 min to air temperature at -5 degrees C, -20 degrees C and -30 degrees C wearing cold-protective clothing. The following manual functions were studied as a function of air temperature, upper limb skin temperatures, mean skin temperatures or mean body temperatures: handgrip strength, pinch strength, bolt-removing task and counting task. The decline of skin temperatures was observed during cold exposure, wearing cold protective clothing. At 60 min of cold exposure to air temperatures at -5 degrees C, -20 degrees C and -30 degrees C, mean skin temperatures were 30.2 degrees C, 27.8 degrees C and 26.5 degrees C respectively, then II-right-finger skin temperatures were 20.7 degrees C, 13.1 degrees C and 11.8 degrees C respectively. There were reductions only on limited number of manual functions as compared with functions under normal conditions, that is, bolt-removing task and handgrip strength did not significantly change during cold exposure, whereas pinch strength and counting task decreased with lower surface temperatures and body temperatures. Body or surface cooling resulted in reductions in pinch strength by the order of 50%. The rising of the body storage index, which was calculated from the change of the mean body temperature, resulted in a linear decrease in counting task. The capacity to perform manual handling task and muscle strength appeared to vary according to the muscle used for these performance and depending on the levels of cold stress. Body cooling, combined with local upper limb cooling, produced the largest performance decrements. PMID- 7277841 TI - [Studies on industrial styrene poisoning (part XI). Hematological examinations and serum chemistry of styrene workers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277842 TI - [Simple and precise determination of lead in blood by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277843 TI - A trial prognostic evaluation of occupational hearing loss by homogeneous absorbing Markov chains. PMID- 7277839 TI - [Studies on the night work and shift of guards. Part 2. Effects of prolonged on duty and overtime work on daily activities and sleeping hours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277845 TI - [Hearing loss and habits of the audiophiles among shipyard workers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277844 TI - [Applicability of the auto-sampling system in blood lead determination by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277847 TI - [A case of optic atrophy of a lead worker (author's transl)]. AB - We found bilateral optic atrophy and visual field defects (paracentral scotoma and blind spot enlargement) in a worker who had been engaged in lead refining work in a lead refinery factory for 30 years. The worker is a 53-year-old Japanese male with no specific family and past histories. He complained of headache and vertigo after getting up in the morning for the past several years. He had several examinations in departments of psychiatry, otorhinopharyngolaryngology, neurosurgery and ophthalmology. Abnormal findings were not obtained by neurological examinations, electroencephalography, CT scanning for the head, Doppler test for jugular, vertebral and ophthalmic arteries, and equilibrium function (nystagmus) tests, except for labyrinthine deafness. Though the environmental conditions in this factory had been much improved recently, considerable high concentrations of lead were found till around 1965. Considering the results of hematological examinations for the past 30 years, it is clear that he had been affected by lead. We suspect that the causative relationship exists between lead exposure and optic atrophy and visual field defects. PMID- 7277846 TI - [Experimental pneumoconiosis induced by cemented tungsten and sequential concentrations of cobalt and tungsten in the lungs of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Experimental pneumoconiosis was induced by intratracheal injection of dusts of presintered cemented tungsten carbide, G2 (WC : Co=98 : 2) and TX20 (WC : Co : TiC : TaC=64 : 16 : 6 : 14) into the lungs of rats in order to document the pathological changes in lung tissues associated with environmental cobalt and tungsten. The following results were obtained. 1) Six months after the administration of G2 and TX20 dusts, marked fibrotic foci were noted and tungsten was detected in the lung tissues of all of the experimental animals. 2) Twelve months after the administration of both dusts, both the fibrotic changes and the tungsten levels were reduced in both test groups, but the reduction was more notable in the G2 group. The cases with fibrotic changes were relatively concomitant with the cases in which tungsten was detected. 3) On examination of tissue levels of cobalt derived from the dust, the cobalt levels in the lungs and bone tissues were less influenced by the dust of the G2 group at any point of investigation, whereas only the pulmonary cobalt levels at six months after the administration of the TX20 group showed a remarkable influence from the dust cobalt (p less than 0.01). 4) In the cases where tungsten was detected six months after the administration of both groups and twelve months after the administration of the TX20 group, pulmonary cobalt levels had not reached the value that should have been gained by the addition of expected values (dust cobalt levels calculated from the tungsten levels) to the control values. 5) The above results indicate that both G2 and TX20 dusts induced marked fibrotic changes in rat pulmonary tissues. However, these changes were reversible to some extent. In addition, a portion of the dust cobalt was dissolved in the body fluid and disappeared from the pulmonary fields. PMID- 7277848 TI - [A study for the simplification of permissible criteria for noise exposure recommended by Japan Association of Industrial Health (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277849 TI - [Studies on the biological effects of low level lead exposures. Part 1. Estimation of usefulness of some biochemical tests as parameters for occupational lead exposures (author's transl)]. AB - Male painters of ceramic works were examined for parameters of biochemical lead poisoning such as erythrocyte ALAD, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP), and coproporphyrin (CP) in urine as well as parameters of lead absorption such as lead concentration in blood and urine (PbB & PbU) in order to estimate the usefulness of those biochemical tests for occupational lead exposures. Under the lead exposure level of these painters (PbB 5-50 microgram/l), log ALAD and log FEP showed good linear correlations with PbB, while ALAU and CPU showed significant but lesser correlations with it. The log ALAD showed a good linear correlation with log PbU, log FEP, and ALAU fairly good ones, CPU a significant but lesser correlation with it. ALAD and FEP were equally the most sensitive tests for increasing PbB or PbU. ALAU was the next most sensitive test and CPU was the least sensitive. From the view point of sensitiveness and obvious meaning as a test for lead poisoning, FEP is the most desirable test for occupational lead exposures. PMID- 7277850 TI - [Airway response to short-term inhalation of NO2, O3 and their mixture in healthy men (author's transl)]. AB - One hour inhalation of 0.7 ppm (1.32 mg/m3) of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), 0.7 ppm (1.4 mg/m3) of ozone (O3), and their mixture, 0.5 ppm (0.9 mg/m3) of NO2 and 0.5 ppm (1.0 mg/m3) of O3, and sham inhalation were conducted in five healthy male volunteers through mouth breathing using a multipurpose inhalation apparatus. Airway response was measured by specific airway conductance (Gaw/Vtg) and maximum expiratory flow rate at 50 and 25 percent forced vital capacity (Vmax50, Vmax25). Evaluations by analysis of variance revealed: no significant effect of inhalation of NO2 alone, slight significant transient decrease of Vmax50 in inhalation of O3 along (0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05), and slight reversible decrease of Gaw/Vtg and Vmax50 in inhalation of NO2 and O3 in combination (0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05). As their variations were within the range of normal diurnal change, these results were considered to be non-adverse effects. PMID- 7277851 TI - [Effects of chromium compounds to the respiratory system. Part 1. An experimental study of inhalation of chromic acid mist in electroplating (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277853 TI - [The effect of lead on intracellular water content of human red blood cells. Part 1. An experiment in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - We observed in vitro experiment that lead increased osmotic resistance of normal human erythrocytes and decreased mean corpuscular volume and intracellular potassium. Though the mechanism of the increased osmotic resistance of erythrocytes caused by lead has not yet been completely clarified, the following hypothesis could be accepted. Lead causes leakage of water from erythrocytes, which means that more water can enter the cell before hemolysis occurs. But there has been no report of direct measurement of the intracellular water content of erythrocytes treated with lead. This paper tried to clarify the relationship between intracellular water and osmotic resistance of lead treated erythrocytes in vitro experiment. The results were: 0.05 mumol/ml of lead increases osmotic resistance, trapped water content and plasma water content of normal human blood and decreases intracellular water content after incubation for 2 hours at 37 degrees C. PMID- 7277852 TI - [The protective effect of vitamin E on the hepatotoxic effects of CS2 in male albino rats of Wistar strain (author's transl)]. AB - In Vitamin E deficient rats, which had received an oral CS2 administration of the dose at 1 mg/kg following a peritoneal injection of phenobarbital sodium and a fasting period of 24 hours, histopathological changes such as vacuolar degeneration and fatty infiltration of the liver were observed along with the increases in liver weight and liver/body weight ratio. On the other hand, no such effects could be found in Vitamin E supplemented rats which otherwise received the same treatment as the Vitamin E deficient group. PMID- 7277854 TI - [Vinyl chloride monomer in the air of offices from operation of a mimeograph of spark discharge recording paper type (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277855 TI - [On the simultaneous determination of triphenyl tin and its metabolites in biological samples (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277856 TI - [Discrimination of pathological voice based on acoustical analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277858 TI - [Usefulness of a new range-gated ultrasonic doppler system utilizing a binary pseudo-random sequence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277859 TI - [Measurement of stroke volume using thoracic admittance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277857 TI - [Mechanisms of foveation in asymmetric vergence eye movements (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277860 TI - [Development and applications of patients' case history management, reference and statistical processing system (PDBS) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277861 TI - [Considerations on digital filters for computer tomography]. PMID- 7277862 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of subtraction radioisotopic angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277863 TI - [Abnormal 99mTc-diethyl IDA scan caused by the obstruction of superior vena cava: "hot spot" in the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277864 TI - [Measurement of antithyroglobulin antibodies by immunoradiometric assay and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277865 TI - [Evaluation of GammaDab Ferritin Kit for measurement of serum ferritin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277866 TI - [Measurement of ferritin by GammaDab Ferritin RIA Kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277867 TI - [Clinical assessment of post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm by radionuclide study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277868 TI - [Canine myocardial images by 201thallium-Cl scintigraphy after coronary occlusion with and without reperfusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277869 TI - [RV function evaluation using volume-pressure loop by ECG-gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography and simultaneously acquired RV pressure data (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277870 TI - [A method of measuring the L-V curve for atrial fibrillation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277871 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a multi-crystal whole-body scanner (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277872 TI - [Simplified triiodothyronine-radioimmunoassay in antibody-coated tubes: evaluation of a new commercial kit, SPAC-T3 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277874 TI - [Evaluation of cardiopulmonary circulation time with functional images (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277873 TI - [Measurement of regional myocardial blood flow by intracoronary arterial injection of 133Xe--comparison with 201T1 myocardial scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277875 TI - [Clinical usefulness of 201 T1-chloride scintigraphy for the preoperative identification of the abnormal parathyroid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277876 TI - [Radio nuclide cardiac examination with "self-synchronization" --the new method without ECG gating (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277877 TI - Significance of stepwise excretion pattern in renogram: indicator of the edema in patients with chronic thyroiditis and idiopathic edema. PMID- 7277878 TI - [Continuous measurement of regional cerebral blood flow using krypton-81m (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277879 TI - [Studies on the measurement of serum thyroxine with "Amerlex T4 RIA" kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277880 TI - [Escape of radionuclides from carcass during microwave dehydration process (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277882 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of Spac digoxin kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277881 TI - [Measurement of serum T3 and T4 by solid phase radioimmunoassay using latex particle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277883 TI - [Measurement of free thyroxine in serum with IMMO PHASE free T4 RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277884 TI - [Solid phase radioimmunoassay of serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine fundamental and clinical evaluation of Amerlex T4 and T3 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277886 TI - [The second report on survey of the adverse reaction to radiopharmaceuticals in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277885 TI - [Studies on free thyroxine measurement with radioimmunoassay kit -evaluation of GammaCoat free T4 kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277888 TI - Force-velocity relation for the tetanic contraction of frog atrial muscle. AB - The hyperbolic force-velocity relation was obtained by afterload method for the tetanic contraction of frog atrial muscle. The dynamic constants (a/Fm and b), the maximum velocity and especially the maximum tension were considerably smaller than those of ventricular muscle. PMID- 7277887 TI - Factors affecting high-potassium-induced contracture of guinea-pig vas deferens. AB - Some factors which may influence the high-K-induced contracture of guinea-pig vas deferens were studied. Portional variations were observed in the height of tonic contraction but not in phasic contraction; tonic contraction was higher on the epididymal side and lower on the prostatic side. Circular muscle showed contracture similar to that of longitudinal muscle in the shapes of the contracture and the tendency to portional variations. Histological variations of muscle structure could not explain these variations. Electrical stimulation of the preparation by continuous weak AC current induced contracture similar to the high-K-induced contracture. The contracture evoked by AC stimulation was blocked by TTX and phentolamine. Blocking agents of possible transmission involved in high-K depolarization did not alter the relation of phasic and tonic contractions, although some of the drugs showed an inhibiting and some an enhancing effect. In isotonic observations, tonic contraction was highly sensitive to load and was elevated with a low load and depressed with a high load. It was revealed that the phasic and tonic contraction of high-K-induced contracture was a direct reaction of longitudinal muscle, although various factors could have had some influence on the contracture. PMID- 7277890 TI - The initiation of phasic and tonic contraction by potassium and the effect of calcium, multivalent cations and Ca-antagonist on potassium contracture in guinea pig vas deferens. AB - The role of Ca in phasic and tonic contractions of high-K-induced contractures of guinea-pig vas deferens was studied. It was shown that phasic contraction was initiated by a burst of action potentials, and tonic contraction by sustained depolarization. Phasic contraction seemed to be related to the rate and degree of depolarization, whereas tonic contraction seemed to be related only to the degree of depolarization. Tonic contraction was more sensitive to a reduction of extracellular Ca, though both types of contraction were abolished by Ca removal. The tonic contraction observed with isotonic recording was more sensitive to extracellular Ca than that observed with isometric recording. Maximum contractions were achieved with lower Ca than that in isometric measurement. Verapamil blocked tonic contraction at a low concentration, and both contractions at a high concentration. Mn or La blocked the phasic and tonic contractions first. After prolonged exposure to either ion, however, tonic contraction could be induced. The results suggest that both phasic and tonic contractions were induced by Ca-influx through the cell membrane, and that tonic contraction was maintained by a constantly elevated intracellular Ca concentration which is the consequence of an altered equilibration of Ca influx and Ca extrusion through the cell membrane. PMID- 7277889 TI - Is there any interaction between cadmium and ouabain effects on Na transport? AB - Dermally applied ouabain decreased the short circuit current (SCC) in frog skin, whereas epidermal cadmium increased it. The percent increase in SCC induced by Cd2+ was never modified by the presence of ouabain. This suggests that Cd2+ and ouabain may exert their effects on Na transport independently. PMID- 7277891 TI - Ultrastructural features of the sarcoplasmic reticulum during rapid cooling contracture and tetanus in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Electron microscopic studies on the ultrastructural changes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of the skeletal muscle were performed during caffeine rapid cooling contracture (RCC). The swelling of the SR was clearly induced by RCC. The diameter of the SR fixed for the electron microscopic study at the peak tension of RCC increased with graded caffeine concentration. Mean diameters of the SR (terminal cisternae) were (29.42 +/- 9.27) X 10(-2) micron at 1 mM, (31.37 +/- 10.68) X 10(-2) micron at 2 mM, (35.33 +/- 8.60) X 10(-2) micron at 4 mM caffeine, respectively, and (20.71 +/- 6.94) X 10(-2) micron at peak tetanus. On returning to room temperature (after RCC), the enlarged SR by RCC returned to its initial state (ca. 19 X 10(-2) micron) except in the case of RCC at 4 mM caffeine concentration level. Rupture of the SR and other irreversible changes during RCC occurred at 4 mM caffeine concentration level. On the other hand, there were no remarkable alterations in ultrastructure of the SR in tetanus. No morphological changes were observed at the SR-T tubule junction (junctional gap) or in the intra-SR granules (globular particles) during RCC and tetanus. It might be suggested that the morphological changes of the SR on caffeine rapid cooling associated with Ca released from the SR. PMID- 7277892 TI - Changes in plasma glucagon levels to stressful environmental temperatures. AB - Effects of temperature stimuli on plasma glucagon levels were studied in fasted (18 hr) and shorn rats. Plasma glucagon levels rose significantly on exposures to both cold (-5 degrees C, 60 min) (p less than 0.001) and heat (36 degrees C, 60 min) (p less than 0.001) from that in control rats at 25 degrees C. Cold stimulus increased blood FFA level (p less than 0.001) and both cold and heat stimuli increased blood glycerol levels (p less than 0.05-0.001). FFA/glycerol molar ratio decreased to a similar extent on both cold and heat exposures (p less than 0.02-0.01). It was noted that plasma glucagon, blood FFA and glycerol levels increased significantly more in cold-exposed rats (p less than 0.001) than in heat-exposed ones. There were positive relations of plasma glucagon levels to blood FFA and glycerol levels (p less than 0.001), while an inverse relation of plasma glucagon level to FFA/glycerol molar ratio was observed in all experimental rats (p less than 0.05). Cold exposure reduced blood glucose level (p less than 0.001), while heat exposure did not affect it. Cold-induced increases of plasma glucagon and blood FFA levels were diminished significantly in cold-acclimated rats as compared with those in controls (p less than 0.05 0.001). Blood glycerol increased and FFA/glycerol molar ratio decreased to a similar extent on cold exposure in both control and cold-acclimated rats. Correlation between plasma glucagon and FFA/glycerol molar ratio was inversely significant in controls, but not significant in cold-acclimated rats. Blood glucose level was not altered on cold exposure in cold-acclimated rats. It was concluded that acute exposures to temperature stimuli, especially to cold, stimulate glucagon release, accompanied by increased utilization and mobilization of FFA and glucose, and plasma glucagon response to cold is diminished due to cold acclimation. PMID- 7277893 TI - Cardiac and non-cardiac preganglionic neurones of the thoracic vagus nerve: an HRP study in the cat. AB - Using the HRP method, we studied cardiac and non-cardiac preganglionic neurones of the thoracic vagus nerve in the cat. The inferior cardiac branches of the right thoracic vagus nerve were differentiated from the neighboring non-cardiac branches by positive cardiac slowing following electrical stimulation. A small amount of crystalline HRP was placed at the central cut end of the cardiac or non cardiac branches. After a survival period of 2 days, the medulla oblongata, the stellate ganglion (SG), the superior cervical (SCG) and the nodose ganglion (NG) were serially sectioned and processed for histochemical demonstration of HRP. In the medulla oblongata, HRP-labeled cells were mainly located in 2 regions: (1) within and around the ambiguous complex (site A); (2) within the dorsal vagus nucleus (site X). After applying HRP to the cardiac branches, 968 HRP-labeled cells were observed in 7 animals bilaterally with the ipsilateral dominance (94%); 81% of them were found in site A. After applying HRP to the non-cardiac branches, 447 HRP-labeled cells were seen in 2 animals bilaterally with the ipsilateral dominance (92%); 79% of them were found in site X. Many HRP-labeled cells were found in the SG and NG, indicating that the cardiac branches are composed of sensory afferent and sympathetic efferent fibres as well as cardiac vagus efferent fibres. PMID- 7277895 TI - Diagnostic usefulness of 201Tl-chloride scintigraphy for preoperative localization of parathyroid tumors. AB - 201Tl-chloride scintigraphy was performed in 10 patients with hyperparathyroidism to assess the localization of abnormal parathyroid glands. This approach proved to be useful in 8 of 10 patients. In particular, an intramediastinal ectopic gland was clearly demonstrated in one patient. Several disadvantages were noted, however, 201Tl-chloride scintigraphy could be the first choice for preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid glands. If a negative image is obtained, further examinations such as arteriography or parathyroid hormone assay be selective venous blood sampling should be done. PMID- 7277894 TI - Somatic and psychomotor development of children after hypothermic open-heart surgery. AB - One hundred and seven patients with ventricular septal defect who survived one and a half to thirteen years after hypothermic open-heart surgery were reviewed with respect to somatic, intellectual, and psychomotor development. There were no negative effects associated with deep hypothermic arrest in any of these areas. Abnormal electroencephalograms were seen in one-half the number of patients examined, but there was no close relation between the circulatory arrest period and electroencephalographic findings. CT scanning of the brain indicated that the abnormality decreased with the lapse of the time after hypothermic open-heart surgery. It would appear that hypothermic open-heart surgery with limited circulatory arrest is a useful method, providing that the circulatory arrest is not allowed to exceed a limited period. However electroencephalographic assessment suggests that postoperative cerebral abnormalities may occur more frequently than previously suspected, despite the lack of preoperative abnormalities on the electroencephalograms. PMID- 7277896 TI - Smooth muscle tumors of the stomach. AB - In retrospect, we analyzed 12 cases of gastric smooth muscle tumor, nine cases of leiomyomas and three of leiomyosarcomas. In only half the number of these patients was an adequate preoperative diagnosis made. Ulceration of the tumor apparently led to the misjudgment in some cases. Features more relevant to leiomyosarcoma than to leiomyoma were findings of a larger size, exogastric growth, ulceration and tumor in patients over 50 years of age. It is stressed that enucleation is the treatment of choice for leiomyoma and an extensive gastrectomy for cases of leiomyosarcoma. PMID- 7277897 TI - Bilateral congenital multicystic dysplasia of the kidney. AB - The clinical and pathological features of congenital multicystic dysplasia of the kidney are reviewed and we report of a patient with bilateral dysplasia who lived longer than do most such patients. When multicystic disease of the kidney is bilateral, it is commonly confused with polycystic disease. Despite the fatal prognosis, differentiation is essential for appropriate genetic counselling since multicystic disease is not a familial occurrence. PMID- 7277898 TI - Effect of decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure on development of pulmonary edema in dogs. AB - The effect of decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure on the development of pulmonary edema was studied in anesthetized dogs. Lung lymph flow was used aa a sensitive and reliable indicator of fluid filtration rate in the lung. When plasma colloid osmotic pressure alone was reduced by slow infusion of saline, and hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary vascular bed was maintained at normal level by exsanguination, lung lymph flow increased almost linearly with the reduction in colloid osmotic pressure, but was not increased more than five fold of the control, despite a reduction of 80% in the plasma colloid osmotic pressure. Furthermore, there was no evidence of fluid in the tracheal aspiration and no gross evidence of pulmonary edema. In contrast, both decrease in colloid osmotic pressure and increase in pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure produced a marked increase in lung lymph flow. This flow varied linearly with the level of the pulmonary artery wedge-plasma colloid osmotic pressure difference and approached twelve fold of the control, when the plasma colloid osmotic pressure was reduced by 73% and the pulmonary artery wedge pressure was elevated by 20 mmHg from the baseline. Our data indicate that decreased colloid osmotic pressure is not associated with the development of pulmonary edema, when there is no increase in pulmonary vascular hydrostatic pressure. PMID- 7277899 TI - Maintenance of rat liver viability enhanced by cold flushing with oxygenated perfluorochemicals. AB - The possible benefit of oxygenation during initial cold flushing was investigated as means of improving the quality of live preservation in rats. In five group of animals (total 61 experiments), the lives were flushed with different perfusates. Non-oxygenated groups included controls, Collins' solution alone and Collins' solution containing perfluorotributylamine (FC-43). In the oxygenated groups, Collins' solution alone and collins' solution containing FC-43 were oxygenated by bubbling. The hepatic ATP level and histopathological changes were used to assess the quality of liver preservation. Oxygenation during the initial cooling process proved to be effective in maintaining energy metabolism and preventing the characteristic microscopic changes of ischemic damage. Oxygenated Collins' solution containing FC-43 showed a much longer lasting effect compared with oxygenated Collins' solution alone. Without FC-43. Under light microscopy, in integrity of the liver appeared to be well preserved up to eight hours with the former solution. It is concluded that enhanced oxygenation with FC-43 in the initial cold flushing period can improve the quality of liver preservation. PMID- 7277900 TI - Experimental colonic cancer in a dog. AB - Experimental colonic carcinoma in a dog was induced by anal insertion of an N ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) suppository (each cone containing 50 mg of ENNG) for 17 months. The dog was autopsied 20 months after the initiation insertion of the suppository. Grossly, the colonic wall from the anus of the 10 cm oral side of the colon was thickened, and there was an infiltrating tumor with shallow depressions in the rough mucosa. The lymph node around this portion were enlarged, and white spots were found in the liver and redness in the lungs. Histological examination of the colon revealed a variety of pathologic features, e.g., undifferentiated carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma in the region adjacent to the anus. Well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas involving the proper muscle layer were found in a region oral to these tumors and were accompanied by marked invasion of the blood vessels and lymphatic permeation. There were metastases to the liver, lungs and lymph nodes which corresponded to the gross findings, and also metastases to renal glomeruli. A well differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma were evident in the gastric mucosa. This experimental model should be useful for studies related to colonic carcinoma in humans. PMID- 7277901 TI - [The effects of erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on oxygen transport in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277902 TI - [Glucocorticoid receptors in adult rat lung and bronchoalveolar cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277903 TI - [NBT reduction and phagocytosis by human pulmonary alveolar macrophages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277904 TI - [Studies on re-expansion pulmonary edema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277905 TI - [Lobar atelectasis and pleural surface pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277906 TI - [A sudden death due to myocardial sarcoidosis 5 years after pacemaker implantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277907 TI - [A case of sarcoidosis with massive pleural effusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277908 TI - [Measurement of specific IgG antibody using protein A-sepharose CL-4B in patients with bronchial asthma undergoing long term hyposensitization therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277909 TI - [Nephelometric immunoassay of albumin and IgG in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277910 TI - [Detection of the closing area within the lung with impedance pneumography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277912 TI - [A case of pickwickian syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277911 TI - [Clinical assessment of mean washout time and lung functional image by ventilatory steady state measurement with 133Xe (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277913 TI - [A case of ecchondroma in the rib appearing as a coin lesion on chest x-ray film (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277914 TI - [Surgical treatment of combined valvular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277915 TI - [Open heart surgery without blood transfusion using the hallow fiber artificial kidney to concentrate and reuse the diluted blood in the circuit of the pump oxygenators after extracorporeal circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277916 TI - [Indication and results of atrial pacing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277917 TI - [Intraoperative leakage test in VSD operation--its advantage and fault (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277919 TI - [Surgical treatment of atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277918 TI - [Selective blood gas analysis of the thoracotomized lung with pulmonary vein catheterization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277920 TI - [The prognosis of 7 cases of left ventricular-right atrial communication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277921 TI - [A case report of congenital left ventricular diverticulum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277922 TI - [A case of the ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva and patent ductus arteriosus associated with extreme kyphoscoliosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277924 TI - [A case of bilateral giant emphysematous bullae with lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277923 TI - [A case of ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva into the right ventricle associated with double-chambered right ventricle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277925 TI - [A case report of pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta 19 years after teflon graft replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277926 TI - [Arteriovenous fistula, involving both coronary arteries and main pulmonary trunk (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277927 TI - [Clinical conference at the Institute of Pulmonary Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Chiba. 1. Preoperative evaluation of pulmonary cancer of the right hilus invading the lower trachea]. PMID- 7277928 TI - [In-vitro motility studies on the strips of the canine gallbladder (author's transl)]. AB - In-vitro motility of the gallbladder was investigated in the circularly cut full thickness strips obtained from 19 mongrel dogs. The present study was undertaken to determine an appropriate size of the strips for observation and to know any difference, if exists, between motilities of the strips prepared from the neck, body and fundus. Recordings were made on a pen chart recorder using an isometric tension system. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The most appropriate size of the specimens to examine the changes of contractile dynamics was 5 mm in width and 15 mm in length. 2) The strips from three parts of the gallbladder showed similar rhythmic and tonic spontaneous contraction patterns. PMID- 7277929 TI - [A photo-optical observation of gallbladder motility in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - A photo-optical observation of gallbladder motility was made with a cholangiography on 38 mongrel dogs. The whole area, the sectional length were calculated from the series of roentgenograms, and compared the control value (100) before caerulein administration with the values (percentage of the control value) after caerulein administration. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Preparatory experiments indicated that lateral view is most suitable and intravenous administration of caerulein is more effective. Duration of X-ray discharge was decided as every 1 minute for initial 30 minutes after caerulein administration and every 5 minutes for following 60 minutes. 2. On experiments performed on the above-mentioned condition, there were two types of gallbladder motility. A typical type (12 cases): The length of fundus had most close correlation with the change of the gallbladder area, next was body and neck had less close correlation. The longitudinal length had more less close correlation than the sectional transverse length. An atypical type (8 cases): The longitudinal length had more close correlation with the change of the gallbladder area than the sectional transverse length. 3. By analysing the mean values of a typical type, the gallbladder area (y) could be expressed by the sectional length (x) as follows: neck: y=1.68x -- 68.1 body: y=1.81x-80.0 fundus: y=1.48x-45.4 longitudinal: y=1.83x-88.9 PMID- 7277930 TI - [Studies on isolated smooth muscle cells. VI. Dispersion procedures for acetylcholine-sensitive smooth muscle cells of guinea pig (author's transl)]. AB - Dispersion procedure of smooth muscle cells from collagenase-treated minces of guinea pig taenia coli and their response to acetylcholine were examined in order to apply the single smooth muscle cells to investigation of contraction mechanisms of smooth muscle. Pipetting the mince suspension was convenient procedure for the dispersion of single cells. For good yield of acetylcholine sensitive cells, very mild pipetting was required although yield of single cells was lower. Under the condition, 10(3)-10(4) cells were obtained from 3-4 cm of taenia coli strip and about a half of the cells were responsive to acetylcholine. The cells became 40% of the original length by administration of 10 mM acetylcholine. Once the cells were dispersed and suspended in the physiological salt solution the cells lost the sensitivity to acetylcholine within 90 minutes while very mild pipetting of the mince suspension provided acetylcholine sensitive cells over 3 hours. These single cells were applicable to investigation of contraction mechanisms of smooth muscle in addition to whole tissue as used so far. It was also suggested in the experiment that acetylcholine-sensitive site of cells might be damaged by exposure to physiological salt solution while it was well preserved in the tissue even though the tissue was digested by collagenase. PMID- 7277931 TI - [Effect of domperidone on gastric movement and blood flow in dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277932 TI - [Effects of gamma-oryzanol on the movements of stomach and ileum in the dog (author's transl)]. AB - Gastric and ileal movements were measured after administration of gamma-Oryzanol in the dog. 1. Gastric and ileal movement were enhanced after intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg body weight of gamma-Oryzanol. The higher dose of gamma Oryzanol produced the shorter latency of these enhanced movements and thereafter, induced the inhibition of these movements. 2. When bilateral vagal nerves and the splanchnic nerves were previously transected or administered atropine, no enhancement of the gastric and ileal movement were observed by administration of gamma-Oryzanol. Furthermore, these enhanced movement produced with gamma-Oryzanol were abolished by atropine injection during these enhanced movement. 3. The inhibitory movement of the stomach and the ileum produced by administration of gamma-Oryzanol of 10 mg/kg body weight were reversely existed by the transection of vagal nerves in the cervical region or by administration of quinidine. These results indicate that gamma-Oryzanol produces the enhancement as well as inhibition of gastric and ileal movements. These effects may be produced by reaction to the central nervous system of the gastric and ileal movements. PMID- 7277933 TI - [In-vitro motility studies on the strips of the human gallbladder (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of inflammation on the motility of the human gallbladder was investigated through an in-vitro experiment. Motility of longitudinally cut strips from 50 patients were examined by the same method as described in our previous articles. We pathohistologically classified the severity of the inflammation of the specimens into four grades: grade 0 is normal, grade I, slightly inflamed; grade II, moderately inflamed; grade III, highly inflamed. Relationships between the grade of inflammation and the motility of the strips were summarized as follows. 1) In grade 0 cases, the strongest tonic contractions were observed in the strips from the fundus. This tendency was also found in cases of grade I and II but III inflammation. 2) The tonic contractions of the strips from the fundus or body decreased along with the grade of the inflammation. 3) In any strips, the frequency of the rhythmic contractions decreased progressively with the grade of the inflammation. 4) The amplitudes of rhythmic contractions of the strips with grade I and II inflammation were larger than those of grade 0 inflammation. PMID- 7277934 TI - [Computed tomographic evaluation of staging of renal cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277935 TI - [Prognosis in 104 patients with renal cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277936 TI - [The in vitro study on the relationship between the calyceal contractions and the pelvic peristalsis throughout simultaneous recordings of the electromyograms and pressure changes at the calyces and the pelvis of the pig kidney (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277940 TI - [Clinical aspects of the outcome of acute viral myocarditis]. PMID- 7277939 TI - Systolic time intervals in intratracheal cardiogram. PMID- 7277937 TI - [Epidemiological study of the bladder tumor--geographical distribution of the morbidity of bladder tumor in Nagano Prefecture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277941 TI - [Effectiveness of amiodarone in the treatment of arrhythmia]. PMID- 7277938 TI - [Subtotal parathyroidectomy in treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in 12 chronic hemodialysis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7277942 TI - [Case of myocardial infarct in a patient with bilateral pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 7277943 TI - [Comparative analysis of indices of cardiac function against a treatment background using various combinations of hypotensive preparations]. PMID- 7277944 TI - [14C-aldosterone binding by plasma proteins in adolescents with primary arterial hypertension]. AB - The binding 14C-aldosterone by plasma globulins in vitro was studied in healthy adolescents and in those with primary arterial hypertension (PAH). In most of the patients examined hyperaldosteronism was found, which was attended by an increased percentage of 14C-aldosterone binding with aldosterone binding globulin (ABG) and particularly with glucocorticoid binding globulin (GBG). One and half hours of walking caused n changes in the parameters studied in healthy adolescents; in those with hyperaldosteronism the content of aldosterone in blood was considerably reduced, while in patients with a normal initial aldosterone level in blood, it increased with no essential changes in the ability of plasma globulins to bind labelled aldosterone. Two-week treatment of PAH patients with propranolol caused a sharp increase in the plasma aldosterone content and 14C aldosterone binding with ABG and GBG. It is concluded that the determination of labeled aldosterone binding by plasma proteins is important for indirect judgement of metabolic aldosterone clearance. PMID- 7277945 TI - [Role of natriuresis in the prophylactic effect of adaptation to hypoxia in hereditary hypertension]. AB - It was shown in experiments on male Wistar rats and rats with spontaneous hereditary hypertension (SHH) that the development of SHH was accompanied by a significant decrease of the renal excretion of water and sodium. The acute hypoxia (the rising in the barochamber to the high altitude of 4400 m during 6 hours) in Wistar rats resulted in a significant decrease of diuresis, glomerular filtration. K and (insignificantly) Na excretion; while in SHH rats acute hypoxia increased diuresis significantly and enhanced the Na and K excretion. The adaptation to hypoxia during 6 hours per day resulted in an increase of diuresis, glomerular filtration, Na excretion and the Na/K coefficient of urine in both the animal lines. During the first month of adaptation the changes were more pronounced in SHH than in Wistar rats, as a result the hypertension did not develop in SHH rats. The relationship of the hypotensive effect of the high altitude adaptation with its natriuretic effect was shown. It is concluded that the natriuretic effect is an important and, probably, the main mechanism of the prophylactic effect of the adaptation to hypoxia on the development of hereditary hypertension. PMID- 7277947 TI - [Fibrous lipid plaque formation in young people]. AB - The study of the fibrous lipid plaque formation in young subjects showed that the proliferation of the smooth muscle cells in the arterial wall intima was the primary process in the genesis of the atherosclerotic lesions. The hypoxic alterations and metabolic deterioration of the vascular wall occur at the sites of the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and focal hyperplasia. This results in the obesity of the smooth muscle cells and increased permeability for plasma proteins, which intensifies even more the focal intimal sclerosis. The necrosis and degradation of the smooth muscle cells "overloaded" with fat in the centre of the plaque result in the release of lipids into the extracellular space and in the formation of atheroma. Further progressing of atheroma occurs due to the involvement of the new "foamy" and smooth muscle cells, located in its periphery, but not due to the immediate lipid deposition from the arterial lumen. PMID- 7277946 TI - [Erythrocyte membrane permeability of sodium in different types of chronic experimental hypertension]. AB - The permeability of the red blood cell membrane for sodium in rats with spontaneous genetic hypertension, in rats with renovascular and DOCA-salt-induced hypertension as well as the effect of high salt diet on the permeability were studied using the flame photometry method. The increase permeability of the red blood cells in the rats with spontaneous genetic hypertension was observed, while no changes occurred in the cases of DOCA-induced and renovascular hypertension. Salt load as well as deoxycorticosterone administration had no effect on the permeability of the red blood cell membrane. PMID- 7277950 TI - [Interstitial cells and the antihypertensive function of the renal medulla]. AB - The role of the interstitial cells (IC) in the hypotensive function of the renal medulla is demonstrated by their direct participation in the synthesis of renal prostaglandins (PG), which permanently control the excretion of sodium and water. The medullar PG deficiency, caused by either low or inadequate to the sodium load PG synthesis, has negative effect on the renal hemodynamics, vascular resistance and the excretion of sodium and water. These factors are important at a certain stage of arterial hypertension development. Arterial hypertension is the factor, stimulating the hypotensive function of IC. The stimulating effect of hypertension on IC may result in both their hyperfunction (in regard to the production of the depressor PG) and their hyperplasia and proliferation. The effect of hypertension on the medullar IC can be mediated through the changes of the local environmental water-electrolyte parameters. Therefore the function of IC is closely related to the renal medullar function on the whole and first of all to the concentration function of its vessels and tubules. PMID- 7277949 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in vasorenal hypertension in rats]. AB - A gradual circulation transition from the hyperkinetic type at the early stage of the disease to the eukinetic and hypokinetic types at the steady stage was observed in rats with progressing renal hypertension. The elevation of arterial pressure on the 3-7th day of renal hypertension in the majority of cases was caused by the increased cardiac output, and at the steady hypertension stage by the increase of specific peripheral resistance. The hypotensive effect of inderal was demonstrated only in the hyperkinetic type of circulation, that gives evidence of the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 7277948 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the capillary network in the rat brain in experimental DOCA-salt and renal hypertension]. AB - The capillary network of nuclei n. reticularis pontis caudalis and n. ventralis thalami of the brain of the normal rats and animals with DOCA-salt and renal forms of experimental hypertension have been studied. It is shown that in 91 92% of the visual fields the number of capillary fragments is statistically significantly decreased as compared to the controls. 8-9% of the visual fields did not show statistically significant difference from the normal as to the density of the capillaries. PMID- 7277951 TI - [Pulmonary hemodynamics and cardiac function in severe arterial hypertension]. AB - The central and pulmonary hemodynamics and contractility of the cardiac ventricles were studied using catheterization and cine-angiocardiography in 11 patients with high arterial hypertension and 10 patients with no cardiovascular pathology. Pulmonary hypertension was not recorded in the patients with high arterial hypertension having no clinical symptoms of the heart failure. The pressure in the pulmonary circulation is determined only by the level of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, which is moderately elevated in the patients with arterial hypertension due to manifest myocardial hypertrophy. Higher pressure in the pulmonary circulation system in the patients with high arterial hypertension as compared with the control group is explained by the increased left ventricular rigidity due to compensatory hypertrophy. It was shown that diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure reflected left ventricular end-diastolic pressure with sufficient accuracy, exceeding it by an average 2.5 mm Hg. The functional interrelationship has been shown between the cardiac ventricles both in health and in high arterial hypertension. PMID- 7277952 TI - [Myocardial contractile function and systemic hemodynamics in hypertensive crises]. AB - The main parameters of central hemodynamics and myocardial contractile function were studied according to the results of the phase analysis of left-ventricular systole in 74 patients with stable stage hypertensive disease during a crisis increase of pressure. It was established that during a crisis increase of pressure, structural changes occur in central hemodynamics, whereas the value of the cardiac output varies within wide limits and the peripheral resistance is obviously increased in all cases. The maximum mobilization of compensatory and reserve possibilities is manifested in intensified inotropic function of the myocardium which contributes to the maintenance of the pumping function and circulation at a level close to normal. PMID- 7277953 TI - [Clinical hemodynamic analysis of the circulatory types in hypertension]. AB - Forty-nine signs found on clinical examination of 192 patients with hypertensive disease were compared with the cardiac index determined by means of tetrapolar chest rheography. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the type of hemodynamics: eukinetic, hyperkinetic, and hypokinetic. The types of hemodynamics were determined with due regard for the age variations of the systolic index. From the results of the correlation analysis of the systolic index, types of circulation, and the findings of clinical examination, 13 clinical signs with significant and greatly marked connection were distinguished. In accordance with these signs, it proved possible to identify correctly in retrospective the hypertensive type of circulation in 91.9% of patients, the hypokinetic type in 85.1%, and the eukinetic type in 78.9% of patients. PMID- 7277954 TI - [Use of phonotacho-oscillography in the diagnosis of neurocirculatory dystonia and hypertension]. AB - A total of 95 persons were screened for the most informative phonotacho oscillographic (PTOG) signs to differentiate between neurocirculatory dystonia and essential hypertension. They included 45 patients with stages I and II of essential hypertension, 22 patients with neurocirculatory dystonia and 28 healthy subjects (the control group). A new index alpha is offered, which represents the ratio of the products AM . Ti/Ai . Tm, where Ai is the amplitude of the initial portion, Am - the amplitude of the middle portion, Ti - the duration of the initial and Tm - the duration of the middle portion of the PTOG complex at the level of the maximum arterial pressure. The index alpha in healthy persons was 0.58 +/- 0.04; in the patients with neurocirculatory dystonia 1.02 +/- 0.06, and in the patients with essential hypertension 4.25 +/- 0.26. This index is offered for differential diagnosis between neurocirculatory dystonia and essential hypertension, especially during the functional test with nitroglycerin. PMID- 7277958 TI - Immunochemical model for the agglutination reaction of FR antigens in a new latex photometric immunoassay with near infrared turbidimetry. PMID- 7277955 TI - [Cardiorespiratory system state in renovascular hypertension dynamics after surgical treatment and physical rehabilitation]. AB - The cardio-respiratory system in 50 healthy subjects and 58 patients with renal hypertension was examined using bicycle spiroergometry at rest and after exercise, before and after the reconstructive surgery on renal arteries and following rehabilitational postoperative treatment by physical training. Before surgery the patients showed excessive pressor response to exercises, ECG signs of overload and hypertrophy of the left ventricle and atrium increasing during exercise, decreased oxygenation of the tissues, decreased compensatory and adaptive capacity. After the operation AD at rest decreased, aerobic reserve improved, while chronotropic cardiac reserve aggravated, and pronounced dystonia was noted. After certain physical training decreased pressor responses, significant increase of tolerance to exercise as well as elevation of the aerobic reserve up to that in the trained persons were observed. PMID- 7277959 TI - Effects of prolactin on the weight of testes and sex accessory organ, and serum androgen level during sexual maturation of male rats. PMID- 7277960 TI - [Current diagnostic and therapeutic problems of intestinal invagination in children]. PMID- 7277957 TI - [ECG in arterial hypertension in 15 and 16-year-old adolescents]. AB - The ECG data are analyzed in the adolescents, aged 15-16, with arterial hypertension, revealed during the prospective examination. Th main group consisted of 238 adolescents with arterial hypertension, and the control group of 172 healthy adolescents. ECG recording was done in 12 conventional leads. ECG was assessed according to the Minnesota code. The data were compared with the criteria of the clinical electrocardiography. 1/3 of the adolescents had normal ECG. The duration of RQ interval, P wave, QRS complex and internal deviation time were within normal, as in the adults. The signs of the left ventricular hypertrophy were revealed in 11.3% of the adolescents of the main group. The sign RV5,6 + SV1 greater than 35 mm was the most typical one. The left ventricular electric prevalence by the position of the transitional zone was observed in 44.1% of the adolescents of the main group. Sinus tachycardia was detected in 14.7% of the cases. PMID- 7277956 TI - [Risk factors in ischemic heart disease (arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia) and population age]. AB - Comparative data of a 40% randomized screening of the male population in Moscow aged 50-59 (2000 males), a 5% randomized sample (392 males) aged 40-49, as well as 1631 males aged 40-49, subjected to prophylactic examinations are presented. The changes of the analyzed risk factors proved to be more pronounced in subjects aged 50-59, while significance of individual risk factors as regards the prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) decreases with age. The subjects undergoing prophylactic examination represent a more risk population group in respect to the prevalence of IHD risk factors as compared with the randomized sample. PMID- 7277962 TI - [Acute appendicitis in newborn infants]. PMID- 7277961 TI - [Transillumination methods of determining the viability of an invaginated intestine in children]. PMID- 7277963 TI - [Double gastrostomy in treating complicated esophageal injuries and acquired tracheoesophageal fistulae in children]. PMID- 7277964 TI - [Criteria for assessing the severity of the condition and the principles of pathogenetic therapy in multiple trauma in children]. PMID- 7277965 TI - [Pathogenesis of the dystrophic changes in the muscles of the large intestine in Hirschsprung's disease]. PMID- 7277967 TI - [6 years' experience in cryosurgery of hemangiomas in infants]. PMID- 7277966 TI - [Birth injuries to the brachial plexus in infants (clinical and morphological parallels)]. PMID- 7277968 TI - [Microflora and its antibiotic sensitivity in acute inflammatory processes in children]. PMID- 7277969 TI - [Treatment of suppurative lactation mastitis]. PMID- 7277970 TI - [Role of regional perfusion in the combined treatment of complicated forms of cholecystopancreatitis]. PMID- 7277971 TI - [Vagotomy in the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7277972 TI - [Treatment problems in children with diffuse suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 7277973 TI - [Treatment results in congenital diaphragmatic hernias in children]. PMID- 7277974 TI - [Water-electrolyte and protein metabolism prolonged retrograde intubation of the small intestine in children]. PMID- 7277976 TI - [Repeated relaparotomies in children]. PMID- 7277977 TI - [Use of ethonium in the combined treatment of suppurative and inflammatory diseases in children]. PMID- 7277975 TI - [Combined intraoperative method for the objective determination of intestinal viability in children]. PMID- 7277978 TI - [Pathogenesis of trophic disorders and the combined treatment of the postthrombophlebitis syndrome of the legs in the tissue induration and ulceration stage]. PMID- 7277980 TI - [Comparative analysis of the biomechanical properties of human umbilical vein grafts and of the main major arteries]. PMID- 7277979 TI - [Pathological states of the venous system of the legs after operation (phlebographic study data)]. PMID- 7277981 TI - [Functional state of the blood coagulation and anticoagulation systems in diabetic vascular lesion of the legs before and after combined treatment]. PMID- 7277983 TI - [Microcirculatory dynamics in acute ischemia of the extremities]. PMID- 7277982 TI - [Pathophysiological aspects of peripheral hemodynamics in thrombotic obliterating diseases of the legs]. PMID- 7277985 TI - [Blood coagulation system status in mitral stenosis with various degrees of surgical blood loss]. PMID- 7277984 TI - [Place of heart valve prosthesis implantation in unsatisfactory commissurotomy results]. PMID- 7277986 TI - [Functional assessment of the late results of the radical correction of tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 7277987 TI - [Surgical correction of absolute valvular insufficiency of the femoral vein]. PMID- 7277988 TI - [Role of gangliectomy in the combined treatment of thrombotic obliterating diseases of the extremity arteries]. PMID- 7277989 TI - [Combined treatment of vascular lesions of the legs in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7277991 TI - [Trials of suture materials for small-caliber vessels]. PMID- 7277992 TI - [Wounds of the heart]. PMID- 7277993 TI - [Surgical treatment of trilogy of Fallot]. PMID- 7277994 TI - [Rehabilitation of obliterative arterial diseases of the legs in the gangrene stage]. PMID- 7277990 TI - [Comparative evaluation of arterioplasty with allogeneic veins]. PMID- 7277995 TI - [Clinico-hemodynamic indices used to assess the late results of treatment in acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis]. PMID- 7277996 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute thrombophlebitis of the surface veins of the legs]. PMID- 7277997 TI - [Treatment of the initial stages of thrombophlebitis of the surface veins by freezing the skin with ethyl chloride]. PMID- 7277998 TI - [Conservative treatment of trophic ulcers of the legs]. PMID- 7277999 TI - [Role of immunopathological processes in the pathogenesis of the postthrombophlebitis syndrome of the legs]. PMID- 7278001 TI - [Revascularization of the legs in different variants of atherosclerotic vascular lesion]. PMID- 7278000 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the malate dehydrogenase isoenzymatic spectrum in the skin of healthy persons and patients with postthrombotic and varicose disease of the veins of the legs]. PMID- 7278002 TI - [Coagulopathic syndromes in acute arterial obstruction]. PMID- 7278003 TI - [Simultaneous correction of aortic coarctation and rheumatic mitral stenosis in a 45-year-old patient]. PMID- 7278006 TI - [Method for the functional x-ray contrast study of the lymph nodes in filling defects of unknown etiology]. PMID- 7278004 TI - [Subclavian-pulmonary anastomosis using a ftorlon-lavsan vascular prosthesis in the surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 7278005 TI - [Method of placing an endocaval catheter for blockage of the retrohepatic segment of the vena cava inferior]. PMID- 7278007 TI - [Method of preventing accidental electrostimulation of the skeletal muscles during implantation of the EKS-2 electrostimulators]. PMID- 7278008 TI - [Method of retrograde autoarterial perfusion of the myocardium via the coronary sinus for detecting the reversibility of regional asynergy]. PMID- 7278009 TI - [Combined surgical correction of venous hemodynamics and lymph outflow in venous diseases of the legs]. PMID- 7278010 TI - [Local activation of reparative processes in chronic gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7278011 TI - [Roentgeno-functional diagnosis of peptic ulcer formed after inadequate vagotomy]. PMID- 7278012 TI - [Effectiveness of surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer based on morpho-functional studies]. PMID- 7278013 TI - [Bougienage of the pylorus in the surgical treatment of ulcerative pyloric stenosis]. PMID- 7278014 TI - [Optimal antinociceptive treatment during surgery of ulcerative pyloric stenosis]. PMID- 7278015 TI - [Surgical treatment of cicatricial post-burn constriction of the stomach]. PMID- 7278016 TI - [Extracorporeal circulation and biological oxygenators in the treatment of suppurative diseases]. PMID- 7278017 TI - [Vagotomy in surgical treatment of peptic ulcer hemorrhage]. PMID- 7278018 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the results of vagotomy and gastrectomy in pyloroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7278019 TI - [Fundoplication by the Nissen method in the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7278020 TI - [Surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer in patinets with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7278021 TI - [Mortality rate after reoperation on the duodenum in the dumping syndrome]. PMID- 7278022 TI - [Acute gastroduodenal ulcers and erosions after operations on the organs of the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone]. PMID- 7278023 TI - [Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in acute diseases and injuries of the upper segment of the digestive system and their complications]. PMID- 7278024 TI - [Diagnostic value of a biological test in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 7278025 TI - [Emergency colonoscopy in children]. PMID- 7278026 TI - [Bacterial destruction of the lungs in infants in the first 3 months of life]. PMID- 7278027 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the completeness of denervation of the acid-producing zone of the stomach after various types of vagotomy with the Grassi test (experimental study)]. PMID- 7278028 TI - [Atypical gastroduodenal ulcer perforations]. PMID- 7278029 TI - [Difficulties in the detection of gastric and duodenal ulcers during laparotomy]. PMID- 7278030 TI - [Roentgenological evaluation of the functional state of the stomach and intestines in the dumping syndrome before and after truncal vagotomy]. PMID- 7278031 TI - [Use of iron-containing drugs after gastrectomy for gastric and duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7278032 TI - [Changes in the water compartments of the body, capillary permeability and microcirculation after operations on the stomach]. PMID- 7278033 TI - [Urinary excretion of volatile phenols in the remote period after surgical treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7278034 TI - [Gastric motor function in patients with pathology of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum before and after surgery]. PMID- 7278035 TI - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. PMID- 7278038 TI - [Bronchogenic cysts of the mediastinum]. PMID- 7278036 TI - [Stomach cysts]. PMID- 7278037 TI - [Myxomas of the heart]. PMID- 7278039 TI - [Treatment results in thoracocentesis and aspiration drainage of the pleural complications in acute suppurative lung diseases in childhood]. PMID- 7278040 TI - [Radical surgical treatment in carcinoma of the papilla duodeni major]. PMID- 7278042 TI - [Postoperative nonspecific inflammatory tumors in the abdominal cavity in children]. PMID- 7278041 TI - [Electromyographic studies of the intestinal tract in emergency abdominal surgery]. PMID- 7278043 TI - [Surgical procedure in rotational anomalies of the intestines]. PMID- 7278044 TI - [Analysis of mortality in abdominal injuries]. PMID- 7278045 TI - [Vena saphena magna autograft for use in chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 7278047 TI - [Primary multiple, simultaneous echinococcosis of the heart, pericardium and anterior and posterior mediastinum]. PMID- 7278046 TI - [Role of prolonged peridural analgesia in the combined treatment of peritonitis and ileus in childhood]. PMID- 7278050 TI - [Rare case of mechanical ileus due to a strangulated obturator hernia]. PMID- 7278049 TI - [Case of appendicocecal invagination]. PMID- 7278051 TI - [Experimental transplantation of human cadaveric dura mater preserved by a new method]. PMID- 7278053 TI - [Late results with conservatively and surgically treated patients with bronchiectasis]. PMID- 7278052 TI - [Echinococcosis of the heart]. PMID- 7278054 TI - [Instrumental perforations of the esophagus]. PMID- 7278048 TI - [Case of angiofollicular hyperplasia of the mediastinal lymph nodes]. PMID- 7278055 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties and the treatment of sternal tumors]. PMID- 7278056 TI - [Surgical treatment of diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 7278058 TI - [Attempt at classifying the methods of decompressing the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7278057 TI - [Alveolar arterial and arteriovenous oxygen gradient during thoracotomy and 1 hour single-lung ventilation (an experimental study on dogs)]. PMID- 7278059 TI - [Residual cavities in the liver after echinococcotomy]. PMID- 7278060 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in treating mechanical jaundice as a complication of hepatic echinococcosis]. PMID- 7278063 TI - [Struma ovarii]. PMID- 7278062 TI - [Case of severe thoracic and abdominal trauma with flail chest and traumatic spigelian hernia]. PMID- 7278061 TI - [Vacuum treatment method in postphlebitic and varicose trophic ulcers of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7278064 TI - [Tracheal rupture caused by a Carlens tube during general anesthesia]. PMID- 7278065 TI - [Unusual ether anesthesia]. PMID- 7278066 TI - [New technic for a sphincter-preserving operation in chronic ulcerative rectocolitis]. PMID- 7278067 TI - [Tonometer calibration (author's transl)]. AB - After a survey of international developments in the standardization of tonometers since the introduction of the Schiotz tonometer in 1905, the bases for the calibration of tonometers are explained. Reference is made in particular to the criteria for comparative clinical measurements of tonometers in official acceptance tests. A description is given of all tonometers which have been approved for calibration in the Federal Republic of Germany so far, and of the test instruments used for calibration by the responsible authorities. Two pneumatic test instruments are also described, and the results of clinical examinations with them are mentioned. In conclusion, the prospects for international efforts to harmonize the standardization of tonometers are described. PMID- 7278068 TI - [Pigment formation in photocoagulation lesions of the retina--biomicroscopic observations (author's transl)]. AB - Retinal changes following photocoagulation (argon laser, xenon coagulator) were documented biomicroscopically in 31 patients who were studied prospectively for 90 days following treatment. Older photocoagulation scars were examined retrospectively in another 15 patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate a possible new formation of pigment in the pigment epithelial layer. In most patients new pigment first appeared in the lesions two to three weeks after coagulation. The amount of pigment increased more and more slowly with time, but did not stop until the end of the observation period. Different forms of scar formation were observed, such as severe pigmentation, pigmentation outside the coagulated area, scars with glial components, but also extraretinal effects and effects on the retinal surface far from the coagulated area. PMID- 7278069 TI - [Fluid silicon in detachment for surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Indications, results and complications in 90 consecutive cases of intravitreal silicon injection are reported. Intravitreal silicon injection was performed according to the principles described by J. Scott. The patients, mostly cases which were inoperable with standard techniques, underwent surgery in the period between the beginning of 1978 and the end of 1979. The follow-up period was between five months and two years. An anatomic success was achieved in about 70% of the cases. The intraoperative complications were mostly hemorrhages and new retinal tears. Most of the late complications, such as cataract and glaucoma, could be surgically treated. The advantages and disadvantages of this procedure are discussed. PMID- 7278070 TI - [Experimental findings with a fibrin tissue adhesive in conjunctival and skleral surgery in a rabbit model (author's transl)]. AB - The authors investigated the wound closure of conjunctival wounds with fibrin adhesive as compared to a suture technique in rabbits. Similarly, the fixation of a transplant of lyophilized dura mater on the sclera by fibrin adhesive was also compared with a suture technique. Both clinically and histologically, there were only negligible differences in wound healing in the two series. In particular, no toxic reaction caused by the adhesive substance was observed. To avoid failures in wound closure with the investigated tissue adhesive there must be no tension at the edges of the wound. PMID- 7278071 TI - [The "typical senile cataract" examined under the scanning electron microscope (author's transl)]. AB - Lenses suffering from "typical senile cataract" prepared by "critical point drying"and by sprinkling with gold, were examined under the scanning electron microscope. The images thus obtained gave a three-dimensional representation of structural changes within the lens determined in histological investigations performed with the light microscope. PMID- 7278072 TI - [Dark adaptation with intraocular lens implants (author's transl)]. AB - Dark adaptation before and after exposure to bright light was investigated in a total of 129 aphakic and phakic eyes. Aphakic patients whose vision had been corrected with spectacles, contact lenses and intraocular implants were compared with phakic controls. Eyes with implants compared favorably with other optical correction systems; the rapidity of dark adaptation, however, was delayed in pseudophakia after exposure to bright light. PMID- 7278074 TI - [Multifocal ischemic lesions of the visual pathways (author's transl)]. AB - Multiple ischemic lesions of the optic pathways may cause a number of complex visual field defects; their analysis is of substantial diagnostic significance, especially if the computer tomogram is negative. Perimetry is often complicated by an accompanying organic psychosyndrome. PMID- 7278073 TI - [Comparison of betamethasone and clobetasone butyrate eye drops and their effect on intraocular pressure (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of clobetasone butyrate eye drops on ocular pressure was tested in 15 steroid responders suffering from different types of conjunctivitis and compared with betamethasone eye drops. Elevated intraocular pressure following application of 0.1% betamethasone eye drops decreased significantly within 2 weeks under medication with 0.1% clobetasone butyrate 4 times daily, whereas fellow eyes kept under treatment with betamethasone suffered further increases in IOP. The therapeutic effect and subjective compatibility of the two steroids were found to be approximately equal. PMID- 7278075 TI - [Sydenham's chorea with ocular complication (author's transl)]. AB - Case report on a 39-year-old woman with unilateral quadranopia after Sydenham's chorea. Pathogenesis and symptomatology of chorea in general are described, and other ocular complications mentioned in the literature. PMID- 7278076 TI - [Reflections on the connection between trauma and malignant intraocular melanoma (author's transl)]. AB - With reference to case histories, and after a study of the relevant literature, the authors discuss the possibility or probability of a connection between perforating eye injuries and later development of a melanoma of the choroid, which is often unsuspected clinically. The problem from the ophthalmologist's point of view is compared with the cicatricial carcinoma of the lung, which is accepted as a late sequela by insurance companies. PMID- 7278077 TI - [Adapter for the H. K. Muller dynamometer for routine examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7278078 TI - [Style in ophthalmological literature and correspondence (author's transl)]. AB - In ophthalmological literature and correspondence there is sometimes evidence of a tendency toward careless, imprecise formulation. The aim of the following is to call attention to this fact; examples are given. PMID- 7278080 TI - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous digoxin and digitoxin. PMID- 7278081 TI - Disposition of oxazepam in relation to age, sex, and cigarette smoking. AB - The kinetics of single 30-mg oral doses of oxazepam were determined in 22 male and nine female volunteers aged 20-86 years. Oxazepam plasma concentrations were measured in multiple plasma samples drawn during 36 h after each dose. Mean kinetic variables in males and females, respectively, were: elimination half life, 7.5 and 8.5 h; volume of distribution, 0.96 and 1.17 l/kg; clearance, 1.48 and 1.70 ml/min/kg. Sex differences were not significant, nor were any of the kinetic variables significantly related to age. However, oxazepam clearance increased significantly with heavier cigarette smoking (r = 0.48, p less than 0.01). Mean clearance in smokers (1.98 ml/min/kg) was significantly higher than in nonsmokers (1.23 ml/min/kg, p less than 0.01). Thus, smoking is a more important determinant of oxazepam clearance than age or sex. PMID- 7278079 TI - Neutropenia after penicillins: toxic or immune-mediated? AB - Eight patients treated with a total of 220-550 million U penicillin-G developed neutropenia. These cases have been compared with eight patients receiving a similar dose of pencillin-G with no adverse reactions and with eight untreated subjects. All penicillin-treated patients showed raised levels of anti-IgG antibodies and lymphocyte culture stimulation indices. These values were highest in the neutropenia group. Both of the two tests significantly discriminated the three groups. Antineutrophil antibodies could be detected in four of seven neutropenic patients with a staphylococcal-slide-assay while indirect immunofluorescence and microcytotoxicity tests failed to reveal these antibodies. The literature dealing with neutropenias induced by penicillin-G and its congeners is reviewed. We conclude that (1) penicillin-G in doses exceeding a total of 200 million U frequently induces neutropenia, (2) an immune-mediated pathogenesis a highly probable, (3) neutropenia after penicillins is different from two hither-to accepted types of this side effect, (4) sufficiently high amounts of penicillin-G intravenously always induce sensitization against this drug. PMID- 7278082 TI - [On the pharmacokinetics of spironolactone in the elderly]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of canrenone were compared in 10 elderly (77.2 years) patients and 10 young (20.1 years) female persons after multiple oral dosing of 100 mg Spironolactone during steady-state. The concentrations were determined using both a specific HPLC-assay and a nonspecific fluorometric assay. Maximum as well as mean concentrations of canrenone in serum of the elderly subjects were approximately twice as high as those in the young. This was the consequence of an impaired capacity for elimination of spironolactone in the elderly subject. In addition the ratio of the other fluorigenic metabolites and of canrenone were higher in the elderly. Thus also shifts in the metabolic pathways of spironolactone occur with progressing age. PMID- 7278083 TI - Effect of low dose of cimetidine on gastric potentials difference and acetylsalicylic acid-induced change. AB - Cimetidine in a low dose of 10 mg given intravenously increases significantly the gastric potential difference (GPD) without any inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion. The increase of GPD after 200 mg cimetidine is higher than after 10 mg. While the high dose of cimetidine prevents the acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) induced GPD drop, cimetidine in a dose of 10 mg is not able to protect this change. Nevertheless the low dose of cimetidine may have a clinical significance and should be evaluated by clinical studies. PMID- 7278088 TI - A new assumption for the change in pulmonary venous admixture with varying inspired oxygen. PMID- 7278086 TI - [Selective anti-aggregation--a new concept for inhibitors of the platelet function (author's transl)]. AB - Activation and aggregation of platelets, as to their biochemical nature, are two distinct partial mechanisms of platelet reaction. The known inhibitors of platelet aggregation such as acetylsalicylic acid or prostacyclin interfere in metabolic pathways involved in the activation of platelets. In contrast, selective inhibitors of aggregation inhibit the interactions between the surfaces of activated platelets. N-acetylneuraminic acid is an example of a selectively anti-aggregating substance in vitro. Besides its inhibitory effect on the primary aggregation, a platelet-specific inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis belongs to its pattern of effects. By inhibiting the mechanism of aggregation, N acetylneuraminic acid also inhibits one of the most important trigger of prostaglandin synthesis in platelets. This results in an interruption of the feedback amplification in activation which is mediated by prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in human platelets. These properties of anti-aggregating agents combine a favorable pattern of effects with a platelet-specific point of attack. PMID- 7278087 TI - [Increase of pulmonary vascular resistance and permeability due to the metabolism of free arachidonic acid (author's transl)]. AB - Release and metabolism of arachidonic acid are supposed to form the common final pathway of different stimuli on the pulmonary vascular endothelium. In a model of isolated, ventilated and perfused rabbit lungs we investigated the influence of increased availability of free arachidonic acid on pulmonary vascular resistance and permeability. Addition of arachidonic acid to the perfusion fluid or release of arachidonic acid by Ca-ionophore A 23187 regularly produces a characteristic biphasic increase of the pulmonary vascular resistance as well as a continuous increase in permeability, followed by pulmonary edema. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by indomethacin prevents the augmentation of vascular resistance, the increase of vascular permeability however is enhanced. thus the raise in pulmonary vascular resistance can be ascribed to cyclooxygenase products, the increased pulmonary vascular permeability to lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid. PMID- 7278089 TI - Effects of photo-irradiation on bilirubin binding affinity of icteric sera. PMID- 7278084 TI - [Hepato-renal syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The hepato-renal syndrome is defined as potentially reversible functional renal failure associated with acute fulminant hepatitis or, more often, with advanced chronic liver failure. It is characterized by oliguria, azotemia, retention of sodium and water with formation of ascites, and hyponatremia. While urinary sodium concentration of less than 10 mEq/l reflects intact tubular sodium absorption, the kidney lacks the ability for adequate free-water generation. This condition must be separated from specific renal diseases which may arise during the course of intra-or extrahepatic diseases and which must be classified accordingly. Pathophysiological aspects of the hepa-to-renal syndrome include hemodynamic factors, such as changes in intrarenal blood flow distribution in the presence of elevated intrarenal and reduced peripheral vascular resistance. The functional relationship of vasoconstrictor, sodium retaining, and anti-diuretic hormones (e.g., renin-angiotensin, aldosterone, and vasopressin) to vasodilator, diuretic, and natriuretic hormonal factors (e.g., prostaglandins, kinins, and natriuretic hormone) may be altered as well. Finally, a pre- and intrahepatic spillover resulting in decreased endotoxin clearance must be considered. Due to the lack of understanding of their complex interactions, so far pharmacological and therapeutic approaches remained ineffective to correct at least some of these factors. Today, recovery from hepato-renal syndrome will, therefore, mainly depend on the course of the underlying liver disease. PMID- 7278090 TI - Unilateral spatial neglect on imitation of finger patterns. PMID- 7278085 TI - Metabolites of glucose in the blood of patients with renal failure. AB - The blood concentrations of pyruvate and of some of its metabolites and the red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration were compared with the severity of uraemia in 103 patients with renal failure. In chronic renal failure 2,3-butylene glycol was distinctly elevated, and a positive linear correlation (2p Less Than 0.001) with the urea was found. The values were even higher in corresponding patients with uraemic pericarditis, but,--taking into account their relation to the urea--,they were not elevated in acute renal failure. Acetaldehyde, acetoin and acetate behaved in part likewise. Severe uraemia, which clinically was demonstrated by uraemic pericarditis, was characterized biochemically, without regard to the urea, by very elevated values of 2,3-butylene glycol and acetaldehyde and of the pyruvate: lactate ratio. In addition, the chronic patients who were not undergoing regular haemodialysis, did not show the expected rise of 2,3-diphospho-glycerate along with progressive anaemia. The data suggest that the uraemic state is characterized by the impairment of the oxidative glucose metabolism between pyruvate and the tricarbonic acid cycle more precisely than by the blood urea. PMID- 7278091 TI - Effects of various membrane phospholipid-interacting drugs on three species of multifunctional protein kinases. PMID- 7278092 TI - [Etiology of vernal pollinosis]. PMID- 7278094 TI - [2 cases of a favorable outcome in severe staphylococcal sepsis]. PMID- 7278093 TI - [Ischemic heart disease in a patient having experienced a blind fragmentation wound of the heart]. PMID- 7278095 TI - [Gastric mucosal changes in calculous cholecystitis (x-ray data)]. PMID- 7278096 TI - [Effect of befungin on the central nervous system in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7278097 TI - [Functional condition of the liver in chronic recurrent cholecystitis]. PMID- 7278098 TI - [Dynamics of the clinical biochemical indices in postinfarct cardiosclerosis with a stenocardiac syndrome under anabolic steroid therapy]. PMID- 7278099 TI - [Tricuspid cusp prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 7278100 TI - [Renal dysfunction in chronic glomerulonephritis and its diagnostic significance]. PMID- 7278101 TI - [Clinical aspects of combined kidney diseases (glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis)]. PMID- 7278102 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of kidney cysts]. PMID- 7278103 TI - [Condition of the paranasal sinuses in respiratory system diseases]. PMID- 7278105 TI - [Interdependence of ventilation and hemodynamic indices in respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 7278104 TI - [Leukocyte enzyme activity and blood lymphocyte blast transformation in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7278106 TI - [Use of biopsy in respiratory tract sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7278107 TI - [Lung resection in aspergillomas]. PMID- 7278109 TI - Studies on the hygiene of drinking water for laboratory animals. 1. The effect of various treatments on bacterial contamination. AB - Daily autoclaving of drinking-water bottles or daily replacement of their contents resulted in drinking water hygienically acceptable for laboratory rats. However, daily autoclaving of the bottles imposes an additional workload which many institutions cannot afford. The daily replacement of the drinking water is not desirable, since with the usual routines it is virtually impossible to guarantee a bottle is returned to the same cage. A reliable method of preventing bacterial growth for more then 1-2 days in the drinking water of conventional laboratory rats is its acidification with hydrochloric acid to pH 2.3-2.5. PMID- 7278108 TI - Control of oxyuriasis in rabbits by fenbendazole. AB - Death, poor condition and unsatisfactory breeding performance in a rabbit colony was attributed to infection with Passalurus ambiguus. The trouble disappeared after treatment with 50 ppm fenbendazole in the food for 5 days. In laboratory trials 12.5 ppm for 5 days eliminated more than 99% of adult and most immature pinworms, 25 and 50 ppm eliminated all immature and adult pinworms. These doses were also effective against Obeliscoides cuniculi. PMID- 7278110 TI - Studies on the hygiene of drinking water for laboratory animals. 2. Clinical and biochemical studies in rats and rabbits during long-term provision of acidified drinking water. AB - The reaction of rats and rabbits to long-term application of acidified drinking water (pH 2.3-2.5) was observed over a 7-months period. The following parameters were studied: growth curves initiated at weaning, haematology, blood glucose, total serum protein, creatinine, inorganic phosphate, sodium, potassium, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine kinase, serum glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase in serum as well as the acid-base status in arterial blood; in addition in rabbits gamma-glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase were examined in the serum. No significant changes were seen in comparison to the control groups. PMID- 7278111 TI - Reproduction of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in harems. AB - Adult monkeys caught in the wild were housed in 2 harems and used for breeding during 7 successive years. Monkeys born in captivity and reared in the parental groups or in peer groups were also used for breeding. The live birth production rate amounted to 80% and reproduction was stable over the 7 year period. All but one of the females born in captivity showed normal maternal behaviour towards their firstborn infants. Aggression between females, breech deliveries, infanticide and reluctance of the male to copulate with females which grew up in his harem, were significant factors that reduced productivity. PMID- 7278112 TI - Strain differences in kidney function of inbred rats: 1. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. AB - Bodyweight, kidney weight and glomerular filtration rate showed significant differences between strains--70% of the total variance was ascribed to the between-strain variance component--while the renal plasma flow showed only a slight strain difference due to a high within-strain variance component (63%). Heritability in the broad sense was 0.78 for bodyweight, 0.85 for kidney weight, 0.66 for glomerular filtration rate and 0.35 for renal plasma flow. There were significant genetic correlations between bodyweight and kidney weight (0.90), bodyweight and glomerular filtration rate (0.73), and between glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow (0.71), but not between kidney weight and kidney functions. Significant environmental correlations could be calculated only between bodyweight and all other variables, so that for comparison between strains it seems better to correct renal functions for bodyweight than for kidney weight, which would increase the variation of glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 7278114 TI - The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus): its histological and haematological response to methylcellulose. AB - After intraperitoneal injections of 2.5% aqueous methylcellulose twice a week for 15 weeks gerbils showed a mild haemolytic anaemia, heterophilia, lymphopenia and monocytosis. Many monocytes and a few lymphocytes had a foamy vacuolated cytoplasm. There was a sequestration of methylcellulose in the phagocytic cells of the spleen, liver, bone marrow and in other scattered foci, and consistent storage in the glomerular endothelium. Myeloid metaplasia was noted in the spleen, and splenic weights were markedly increased (P Less than 0.05); hepatomegaly was also present. The survival at the end of 15 weeks was 60%. From this experiment, the gerbil is considered to be a potential model for a stimulated monocyte-macrophage system. PMID- 7278113 TI - Intussuception in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) associated with coccidiosis. PMID- 7278115 TI - Measurement of respiratory patterns in rodents using whole-body plethysmography and a pneumotachograph. PMID- 7278117 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma in a young rat. AB - A spontaneous rhabdomyosarcoma was observed in a female Sprague Dawley-derived rat at 8 weeks of age. Histopathological examination when the rat was killed at 5 months of age revealed marked differences from experimentally-induced tumours. PMID- 7278116 TI - Cystitis in female guinea pigs. PMID- 7278120 TI - Portable anaesthetic apparatus designed to induce and maintain surgical anaesthesia by methoxyflurane inhalation in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). PMID- 7278119 TI - Etomidate: a valuable anaesthetic for mice. AB - Etomidate, a new nonbarbiturate short-acting hypnotic agent, was effective in anaesthetizing laboratory mice at a dose of 23.7 +/- 1.5 mg/kg bodyweight ip. Surgical anaesthesia developed which permitted the performance of operations upon the animals for at least 20 minutes after induction. In these mice (LACA-2 and C57-BL strains), doses up to 33 mg/kg were tolerated. Recovery from anaesthesia was uncomplicated. PMID- 7278118 TI - Genetic monitoring of inbred strains of mice using electrophoresis and electrofocusing. AB - Haemoglobin and glucosephosphate isomerase phenotypes can be determined on a single gel by electrofocusing of haemolysates. It is proposed that the number of phenotypic combinations produced by this procedure makes it suitable for the genetic monitoring of the more commonly used inbred strains of mice. PMID- 7278121 TI - Semen characteristics and fertility of rabbits subjected to exhaustive use. AB - Up to 26 ejaculations were obtained from male rabbits within a period of 8 hours. During the next 20 days, further ejaculates were collected to establish the pattern of restoration of normal values. Repeated ejaculation resulted in a marked and progressive decline in the 3 semen characters examined; sperm density returned only slowly (3 weeks) to the initial level whereas fructose and volume, in particular, responded much faster. No significant effect of ejaculate order on fertility, litter size or sex ratio was demonstrated. PMID- 7278122 TI - Ketamine alone and combined with diazepam or xylazine in laboratory animals: a 10 year experience. AB - Ketamine alone or supplemented by diazepam or xylazine has been used and evaluated as an anaesthetic in a range of animals including snakes, tortoises, lizards, birds, ferrets, dogs, cats, pigs, sheep, goats, non-human primates, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, mice and hamsters. Ketamine alone has severe limitations in most species, but in combination has proved valuable. PMID- 7278123 TI - Bowl for feeding powdered diet to rats. PMID- 7278124 TI - Regional growth differences of human tumour xenografts in nude mice. AB - Human tumour cells of the HEP-2 and SW480 cell lines were inoculated subcutaneously into 4 locations on the athymic (nude) mouse lateral trunk. There was no difference in size between tumours grown on the right side of the body and those grown on the left. However, 4 weeks after inoculation, anterior tumours were 3 times as large as posterior tumours. The results indicate a predilection for tumour xenograft growth in the anterior region of the lateral nude mouse trunk. PMID- 7278125 TI - Some normal clinical chemistry values for cerebrospinal fluid of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The concentrations of many components of the cerebrospinal fluid are much lower than in serum. Values for sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium are similar to those in other primates. Activities of alkaline phosphatase (18.7 U/1), creatine phosphokinase (9.9 U/1), glutamine oxaloacetate transaminase (13.7 U/1), glutamine pyruvate transaminase (9.2 U/1), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (3.1 U/1), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (33.0 U/1, lactate dehydrogenase (47.2 U/1) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (3.9 U/1), and levels of zinc (1.0 mu g/dl), copper (2.6 mu g/dl), iron (35.9 mu g/dl) and triglycerides (33.2 mu g/dl) have not previously been reported for this species. Values for free amino acids, total protein, creatinine and urea nitrogen are compared with those of other primates. The use of gradient pore polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for analysing proteins of CSF is described. PMID- 7278126 TI - Operative procedure for the collection of rete testis fluid from conscious sheep. PMID- 7278128 TI - Procedures and equipment for the production and rearing of gnotobiotic lambs. AB - 38 gnotobiotic lambs have been derived by hysterectomy and reared for up to 7 months as true ruminants. 10 cases of contamination have occurred, 4 of which were attributable to a breach in the protective barrier and 1 to a contaminated food pack. The technique permits the use of liquid and solid foods and the regular taking of rumen and other samples, and also regular removal of all excreta and the cleaning of lambs and cages. PMID- 7278127 TI - Mating post partum and length of gestation in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). AB - In gerbils mated post partum gestation was prolonged when 3 or more young were nursed. A well-defined linear, positive relationship existed between the length of gestation and number of young nursed, with an increase of 1.9 days per individual young. No evidence was found for the existence of implantation periods approximating in length to a normal oestrous cycle. PMID- 7278130 TI - A quality-controlled rodent diet. AB - 65 consecutive batches of a fixed-formula rodent diet have been assayed for 19 nutrients and 16 contaminants. The nutrients were always within the nutritionally desirable range. Except for cadmium, the levels of contaminants found were always well below the maximum recommended levels. PMID- 7278129 TI - Inclusion of intestinal antiseptics in rabbit diets. PMID- 7278131 TI - Fine structure of giant hypertrophic gastritis developed in thymectomized mice. AB - (C3H/HeMs x 129/J)F1 mice were thymectomized at 3 days of age, and their stomachs were examined by electron microscopy at 3, 6, and 18 months of age. A hypertrophic type of gastritis developed in about half the mice, the fundus being chiefly affected. In the early stage, thickening of the mucosa was attributed mainly to an elongation of the glandular part, but in the later stage it was attributed to both elongated glandular tubules and proliferated foveolar cells. Mature parietal and chief cells were preferentially reduced in number, and immature counterparts were relatively marked in the glandular portion. Thus, the proportion and grade of maturation of these cells in gastritic mice were different from those in normal mice. Foveolar and glandular mucous cells, resembling, respectively, normal surface mucus and mucous neck cells, were the major cell types of the glands. Undifferentiated cells were also frequently encountered. Hyperplasia of endocrine cells, particularly ECL and G cells in the fundic and pyloric mucosa, respectively, was also documented. These results suggest that the gastric hypertrophy of gastritic mice was triggered by the disturbances in differentiation and maturation of parietal and chief cells. PMID- 7278134 TI - DNA synthesis in the urinary tract epithelium of the rat induced by ureteric ligation. AB - The effect of ligating the left ureter on the thymidine-labeling index (LI) of epithelial cells lining the urinary tract in male Wistar rats has been investigated and compared with the LI in appropriate control groups. In experiment 1, the temporal pattern of the response was studied. In the left ureter, the LI above and below the ligature began to increase at about 8 hours and reached a peak approximately 100 times normal control values at 18 hours. At 48 hours, the LI above the ligature was still about 15 times normal, but distal to the ligature it was significantly below normal levels. There were also impressive increases in the LI in the epithelium of the left renal pelvis and in the tubular cells of the left renal cortex. An unexpected observation was a significant increase in the LI in the right ureter and bladder of these animals and similar increases in both ureters and bladders of sham-operated animals and laparotomy controls. Other unusual features were a significant decrease in the LI in the cortical tubular cells in all the sham-operated animals and in some ligated groups, and a highly significant sustained reduction in the LI of hepatocytes in both sham-operated and ligated animals but not in anesthetic controls. In experiment 2, the topographic relationship between the ligature and the changes in thymidine labeling was examined. The highest LIs were in the pieces of ureter neighboring the ligature with successively lower indices as the distance from the ligature increased. Factors potentially responsible for the changes in the LI in different parts of the urinary tract are considered, and conclusions about the mechanisms involved are tentatively drawn. PMID- 7278133 TI - Isolation and characterization of the lipid-containing interstitial cell from the developing rat lung. AB - A lipid-containing interstitial cell (LIC) appears in the walls of alveoli during the period of postnatal lung growth associated with the formation of gas exchange surfaces. This cell has been isolated from the 10-day neonatal rat lung by digesting the lung with trypsin and collagenase and using a 6 per cent metrizamide discontinuous density gradient. 5.0 +/- 0.4 x 10(6) LIC per gm. of lung wet weight were isolated at 10 days. At this age, triglycerides accounted for 65 per cent of the LIC lipid with 62 per cent of the triglyceride fatty acids being unsaturated. Linoleic acid was a prominent triglyceride moiety. Density profiles of LIC isolated from 4-, 7-, 12-, 16-, and 21-day neonatal rats, using 0 to 10 per cent metrizamide continuous density gradients, revealed a 2-fold increase in LIC numbers between 4 and 7 days, after which LIC numbers decreased linearly until few LIC were observed at the age of weaning. Mean LIC density decreased from 1.045 gm. per cu. cm. at 4 days to 1.036 gm. per cu. cm. at 12 days, but thereafter increased to 1.050 gm. per cu. cm. at 21 days suggesting accumulation and dissipation of cytoplasmic lipid by LIC during the period of lung growth in which alveoli form. Although the origin, role, and fate of the LIC and its lipid are uncertain, the unique time of appearance of this distinct interstitial cell suggests that it is involved in alveolar formation and lung restructuring during early postnatal lung development. PMID- 7278132 TI - Quantitative x-ray microanalysis of mitochondrial calcification in damaged myocardium. PMID- 7278135 TI - Induction of complement receptors in human cell lines derived from undifferentiated lymphomas. AB - Two Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-negative cell lines, EW36 and CA46, derived from human undifferentiated lymphomas were exposed to the methylxanthines theophylline and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Both compounds markedly increased the proportion of cells which bears complement receptors, whereas other surface markers such as surface immunoglobulin and IgG Fc receptors were unchanged. The inducing agents, hexamethylene bisacetamide and diethylsulfoxide, had a similar effect, but other compounds known to alter intracellular cyclic AMP had no effect on surface markers. The expression of complement receptors first appeared at 8 to 10 hours and was dependent upon the continued presence of theophylline in the tissue culture medium. Other effects of the methylxanthine derivatives tested included inhibition of DNA synthesis and a reduction in mean cellular volume. However, inhibition of growth per se did not result in complement receptor induction. These data suggest that the differentiation agents active in this system may be useful tools in the study of human lymphoid malignancies. PMID- 7278137 TI - Maculoanaesthetic type of leprosy. PMID- 7278136 TI - Some observations on the prevalence of leprosy in Punjab and Rajasthan. PMID- 7278138 TI - Immunological status of maculoanaesthetic leprosy: leucocyte migration inhibition test as a measure of cell mediated immune response. AB - M. leprae-specific cell-mediated immune responses were studied in 36 Maculoanaesthetic (MA) leprosy patients using Leucocyte Migration Inhibition Test (LMIT). 21-Tuberculoid, 13-Indeterminate, 16-Borderline, 13-Lepromatous and 20 Healthy controls were also studied for comparison. Highly significant differences (p less than 0.001) in the mean Migratory Indices (M.I.) were found between MA leprosy type and each of the other leprosy type or control group. The results support the concept that MA type forms a distinct form of leprosy from tuberculoid type or any other type of leprosy. PMID- 7278139 TI - Persister M. leprae after introductory rifampicin followed by dapsone therapy. AB - Lepromatous patients of "Introductory Rifampicin therapy' (Lepr. India, 50: 1978) who received 300 mg Rifampicin daily for 3 months followed by 50-100 mg DDS daily for another 21 months are investigated for persisters in the skin. Mouse foot pad results revealed that at the end of 2 years of treatment viable M. leprae are still persisting in 3 out of 6 patients. PMID- 7278140 TI - Antileprotic action of an extract from "Anantamul' (Hemidesmus Indicus R. Br.). AB - Evaluation of antileprotic activity of indigenous drugs has of late become important. With this idea "Anantamul' an indigenous drug was for the first time tested on mice infected with M. leprae. The results are interesting and encouraging. There seems to be a definite evidence in support of the drug causing a delay in multiplication of organisms in the mouse foot-pads. PMID- 7278141 TI - Surgery of foot drop in leprosy by tibialis posterior transfer. AB - In the surgery of foot drop the common method of correction is by transfer of tibialis posterior muscle, either to the joint capsule in the middle of the foot (Selvapandian's method) or a double transfer to the toe extensor tendons (Srinivason's method). A retrospective study was done to compare the results of surgery done by those two methods at the Sacred Heart Leprosy Centre, Kumbakonam with a follow-up ranging from one to nine years where 78 feet had tibialis posterior transfer by Srinivasan's method and 20 by Selvapandian-Brand method. Restoration of the normal heel-toe gait was the criteria taken to evaluate the results. Good results were obtained by either method in nearly 70% of cases. The post operative findings and the causes of failure are analysed in detail. The pre and post-operative physiotherapy methods which mainly contribute a successful result are described and stressed. PMID- 7278142 TI - Deformities in leprosy patients of Indian armed forces treated/reviewed at Military Hospital Agra (a retrospective study). AB - Records of 809 cases of leprosy in the armed forces personnel treated at Military Hospital. Agra were reviewed to study deformities in relation to certain variables. Deformity rate was 9.13% only 1.5% cases developed deformity while on DDS treatment. Deformity rate increased with increasing age. Though lepromatous, borderline and polyneuritic types were more prone to develop deformities, on treatment tuberculoid type developed more deformities. Reaction precipitated deformity in 6.75% of the deformed. PMID- 7278143 TI - The psychodynamic side of leprosy - a Children's Apperception Test (CAT) study. AB - The present investigation attempts to study the personality characteristics of children suffering from leprosy. A group of eleven children was selected from the Central Jalma Institute for Leprosy and Kusht Seva Sadan at Tajganj, Agra. Indian adaptation of Leopold Bellak's Children's Apperception Test (CAT) was employed for collecting the data. The most salient features which were charted out are that they have a general craving for sociogenic needs like love and affection, security, affiliation, cooperation etc. Their anxiety level tends to be high due to certain conflicts. The obvious fact has been that leprosy appears as a somatic devastation in the presence of highly active psychogenic starvation of personality. PMID- 7278144 TI - Leprosy in Punjab - an analysis of 4 years O.P.D. data. AB - 185 new leprosy cases were seen, of whom 52 (28 2%) were Punjabis and 133 (71.8%) were Non-Punjabi patients. A minimum of 13 (25%) Punjabi leprosy cases were indigenous. The Punjabi cases were drawn from several districts in Punjabi. Among the Punjabi patients, the mean age at onset of leprosy was 43.6 years, and 30.8% of them had infectious type of leprosy. BT was the most common type of leprosy (38.5%), and the age at onset was also highest in BT (49.8 years), among the Punjabi patients. The migrant labourers from Bihar and Eastern U.P. are the probable source of leprosy in Punjab. PMID- 7278145 TI - Leprosy in Jaipur (Rajasthan) - a clinical and epidemiological study. AB - An analysis of 537 patients of leprosy registered in Leprosy Clinic attached to the S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital Jaipur from March 1977 to May 1980 has been made. An incidence of 4.1 per 1000 patients attending Skin Out Patient Department was found. Lepromatous leprosy (30%) was the most common form. Three hundred and thirty five (62.3%) cases were in the age group of 30-59 years. Males were affected twice as compared to females. 5.0 percent of affected families showed multiple cases. PMID- 7278146 TI - Liver lesions in reactional states in leprosy. AB - Liver biopsy was done in 21 adult patients of leprosy in acute reaction. They included 10 of lepromatous leprosy, seven of tuberculoid leprosy and four of dimorphic leprosy. Except for a single case of tuberculoid leprosy all showed granulomatous lesions of varying sizes and frequency, in the liver. The lesions appeared to be unique for reaction and immunologically-based. The sequence of events appeared to be: (1) Immunologically-mediated alteration of Kupffer cells with adhesion of lymphocytes and polymorphounuclear leucocytes (2) Small granulomas of proliferating Kupffer cells, lymphocytes and polymorphs. (3) In some cases. formation of larger granulomas with breaking down of reticulin and liver cell necrosis. PMID- 7278147 TI - Myco. leprae infection in normal, thymectomised irradiated and thymus transplanted mice. AB - Normal mice and thymectomised, X-irradiated and thymic transplanted groups of mice were challenged with 10(3) Myco. leprae in the foot pad. Course of infection was studied for a period of seven months by sacrificing animals every month and counting the bacilli from the pooled tissues. In the thymectomised irradiated group the counts showed a plateau from 5th month onwards, whereas in control and thymus implant group the counts rose in 6th and 7th months. PMID- 7278148 TI - Genetic diathesis for leprosy. AB - Innate incapacity to elaborate a protective cellular immunity has been thought to underlie the evaluation of the disease process of lepromatous leprosy. Although both family and twin studies were suggestive of the involvement of some genetic factors, they have so far not been evaluated fully. Keeping this in view, the present study, conducted at the family level, was designed to evaluate the role of genetic factors in determining the type of leprosy in a patient. PMID- 7278149 TI - Renal functions in lepromatous leprosy patients. AB - While leprosy does not primarily affect the kidneys, secondary involvement of kidneys has been reported in lepromatous leprosy and especially in lepra reaction. In the present study the authors have investigated the functional status of the kidneys of lepromatous leprosy patients by focussing attention to parameters like acidification of urine, glomerular filtration rate and excretion of a foreign dye administered intramuscularly. This study revealed a decreased ability to acidify urine and to excrete the dye as well as a drop in glomerular filtration rate in untreated LL patients. The said disturbances were more pronounced in lepra reaction. PMID- 7278150 TI - Vascular changes in leprosy and its role in the pathogenesis of leprous neuritis. AB - The arteriographic pattern of left hand vessels was studied in 20 patients in leprosy by percutaneous brachial arteriography. Arteriographic abnormalities noted consisted of occlusion, narrowing, tortuosity, dilatation, irregularity and incomplete filling of the lumen by contrast medium. Such abnormal findings were seen in all the arteriograms studied and more than one vessel involvement was noted in over 50 percent cases. This study clearly demonstrated that arterial involvement in leprosy was frequent. No correlation was found between motor weakness and vascular abnormalities. There was no difference in arterial lesions between the patients with and without trophic changes. There was also no correlation between the severity of vascular changes and decline in motor nerve conduction. Degree of histopathological abnormalities in the sural nerve biopsy from these patients showed no features of micro angiopathic neuropathy. It is concluded that the observed vascular abnormalities do not contribute significantly in the genesis of neurological deficit in leprosy. PMID- 7278151 TI - OV-225 as a stationary phase for the determination of anticonvulsants, mexiletine, barbiturates, and acetaminophen. AB - Rapid methods of analysis for anticonvulsants (phenobarbitone, carbamazepine, primidone and phenytoin simultaneously and ethosuximide), barbiturates, mexiletine, lidocaine and acetaminophen are described. All drugs are chromatographed on OV-225 at various temperatures and detected using a nitrogen specific detector. OV-225 has proved to be superior to the more common SE-30, OV 17 and OV-1 phases, particularly for the simultaneous determination of the four anticonvulsants. No problems relating to the bleed of cyanopropyl containing stationary phase into the nitrogen specific detector have been encountered. PMID- 7278152 TI - Validation of a radioimmunoassay procedure for N,N'-diacetylbenzidine, a metabolite of the chemical carcinogen benzidine, in urine. AB - The biaryl amine benzidine has been reported to produce tumors of the bladder in both man and animals. We have developed and validated a radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for monitoring potential human exposure to benzidine through detection in urine samples of one of its known urinary metabolites. The antibody used in the assay was produced in rabbits and is specific for N,N'-diacetylbenzidine (N,N'-DAB). At a 1/15000 initial dilution, this antiserum bound 50% of an iodinated tracer [125I]-N4'-[4-hydroxyphenethylaminohemisuccinyl]-4-acetamido-4 aminobiphenyl. One hundred pg (0.373 pmol) of N,N'-DAB displaced 50% of the tracer initially bound to the antiserum. The validity of the RIA procedure was established by the parallelism exhibited between the standard curve and aliquots of spiked human urine samples. The RIA has good spiked human urine samples. The RIA has good sensitivity (average minimal detectable dose less than 10 pg) and reproducibility (within-and between-assay coefficients of variation at midrange of the standard curve were 3.94 and 12.48, respectively). A series of 109 randomly selected human urine control samples were analyzed and a nonspecific interference of 0.52 +/- 0.04 ng of N,N'-DAB/mL urine was found. PMID- 7278154 TI - Rapid method for screening toxic drugs in serum with liquid chromatography. AB - We present a method for the simultaneous analysis of a variety of commonly abused drugs (acetaminophen, theophylline, salicylate, primidone, methyprylon, phenobarbital, butabarbital, ethchlorvynol, butalbital, chlordiazepoxide, pentobarbital, amobarbital, phenytoin, glutethimide, secobarbital, flurazepam, nitrazepam, methaqualone, N-desmethyldiazepam, and diazepam) in serum or plasma. Serum proteins are precipitated with an acetonitrile solution containing hexobarbital, the internal standard. The drugs are eluted from a reversed-phase column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/phosphate buffer (pH 3.2), using a two-step linear gradient, at a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min. The eluted drugs are detected by their absorption at 210 nm; their quantities are estimated from their peak heights. A complete analysis requires no longer than 45 minutes at the optimum column temperature of 50 degree C. A sensitivity of 2 mg/L of serum is attained routinely for most of the hypnotic and analgesic drugs; while methaqualone, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and N-desmethyldiazepam can be detected at a concentration of 0.2 mg/L. Analytical recoveries for the twenty drugs varied from 93-112%, with good reproducibility. Of more than forty drugs tested for possible interference, desmethyldoxepin, procainamide, phenylpropanolamine, mesantoin, and phenacetin interfere with the analysis of flurazepam, acetaminophen, ethchlorvynol, and phenobarbital, respectively. PMID- 7278153 TI - A method for the separation and determination of neutral compounds in postmortem tissues. AB - A convenient method for the extraction of neutral drugs in necrotic tissues is described. The procedure includes the use of hot dilute acid for isolating neutrals from tissue extract residues and of internal standard to facilitate quantitative and recovery measurement of the drugs by gas chromatography. The recovery of seven neutral compounds from liver ranged from 47.0% to 89.3%. The limit of detection of these drugs were 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg. PMID- 7278155 TI - Assay of chicken brain neurotoxic esterase activity using leptophosoxon as the selective neurotoxic inhibitor. AB - Hen brain microsomal preparation has phenyl valerate-hydrolyzing activity associated with neurotoxic esterase activity. Part of that activity is due to paraoxon-insensitive esterases and a sub-part of this is sensitive to neurotoxic organophosphates, i.e., mipafox and leptophosoxon. This neurotoxic agent sensitive esterase activity is referred to as neurotoxic esterase (NTE). Because of the commercial unavailability and high toxicity of mipafox, which is usually used as the selective inhibitor for assaying NTE, leptophosoxon was used as an alternative to mipafox. Results indicated that the NTE fraction of hen brain microsomal PV-hydrolyzing activity is the same target for either mipafox or leptophosoxon. The inhibitory effect of leptophosoxon against that fraction was much higher than that of mipafox. The availability of leptophos/leptophosoxon makes this assay very useful for screening organophosphorus esters for neurotoxic effects. PMID- 7278156 TI - Removal of interfering phenolic compounds in the analysis of drugs in biological material. AB - In toxicological analysis, problems often arise from interference of phenolic compounds (p-hydroxyphenyl-acetic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p hydroxybenzaldehyde) in decomposing tissues. Drugs (such as paracetamol) may also interfere with the analysis of other drugs. This interference may be seen in ultraviolet spectrophotometric and/or gas chromatographic analysis. Removal of such phenols by a diazo reaction has been studied and a procedure evolved which eliminates the interference. PMID- 7278158 TI - Infrared breath alcohol analysis following inhalation of gasoline fumes. AB - The effect of inhalation of gasoline fumes on breath ethyl alcohol testing by infrared absorption was examined. A subject inhaled gasoline fumes for a period of approximately 15 minutes and was then tested on an intoxilyzer. When 10 minutes had elapsed after gas inhalation had ceased, no response was found with the intoxilyzer. PMID- 7278157 TI - Formation of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2- methylpropanamide from a clofibrate metabolite during extraction of urine. AB - Drug isolation from urine by solvent extraction after alkalinization suffers the potential disadvantage of chemically altering desired isolates by hydrolytic reactions. This paper reports a reaction which results in the formation of an amide substance when urine from individuals ingesting clofibrate is treated with ammonium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide and ammonium ion. The amide formed in urine has been compared to synthetically prepared 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2 methylpropanamide by gas chromatography, thin layer chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, infrared spectrophotometry, and mass spectrometry with complete correspondence of chemical properties. Conditions under which this amide, the major clofibrate-related entity, formed in urine are those routinely employed in analytical toxicology. PMID- 7278159 TI - Ill health retirement as an indicator of morbidity. PMID- 7278162 TI - Health education in the workplace. PMID- 7278160 TI - The health of welders in naval dockyards: welding, tobacco smoking and absence attributed to respiratory diseases. PMID- 7278161 TI - Cholinesterase problems arising in a plant manufacturing tri-aryl phosphates. PMID- 7278163 TI - Skeletal and pulmonary radiology changes in divers. PMID- 7278164 TI - Early detection of occupational hazards. PMID- 7278165 TI - Questionnaire assessment of change in an occupational environment. PMID- 7278166 TI - The sensory processes of Japanese-American and Caucasian-American students. PMID- 7278167 TI - The functions of immediate echolalia in autistic children. AB - This research was intended to discover how immediate echolalia functioned for autistic children in interactions with familial adults. For echolalic children were videotaped at school and at home, in both group and dyadic interactions in natural situations such as lunchtime, family activities, and play activities in school. After conducting a multilevel analysis (of over 1,000 utterances) of verbal and nonverbal factors, response latency, and intonation, it was discovered that immediate echolalia is far more than a meaningless behavior, as has been previously reported. Seven functional categories of echolalia were discovered and are discussed in reference to behavioral and linguistic features of each category. It is argue that researchers who propose intervention programs of ech abatement may be overlooking the important communicative and cognitive functions echolalia may serve for the autistic child. PMID- 7278168 TI - Discourse devices used by language disordered children: a preliminary investigation. AB - Language-disordered children's use of two devices through which utterances are related to ongoing discourse, focus and substitution operations, were observed. Focus operations merely repeat, while substitutions repeat part but also alter a previous utterance in some way. Previous research with normal-language children shows that the predominant device a child uses changes developmentally, with focus operations more frequently used early and substitution operations emphasized later. The use of these devices was observed in the spontaneous conversations of three language-disordered children. Two were at a lower linguistic level (MLU's of 1.8 and 2.2) than the third (MLU 3.2). A developmental trend reflecting that of the normally developing children emerged. These results indicate that language-disordered children are not qualitatively different from normally developing children in their ability to use these particular devices for learning to participate in conversations. PMID- 7278170 TI - Longitudinal observations of individual infant's vocalizations. AB - Twice a week observation of five infants' vocalizations during the first 30 weeks of life showed that hearing impaired infants displayed different language patterns than normally hearing infants. Developmental differences in vocal activity were observed by six weeks of age, suggesting that hearing impaired infants may differ from unimpaired infants earlier than has been believed. PMID- 7278169 TI - Reflex modulation: a hearing test for the difficult-to-test. AB - This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of reflex modulation (RM) audiometry in assessing the hearing sensitivity of difficult-to-test subjects. RM describes the inhibitory effect of a tone upon a subsequently elicited eyeblink reflex. Five ENT subjects were referred to the University of Kansas audiology clinic because of medicolegal problems or doubts regarding their hearing status. After conventional pure tone and speech audiometry had produced equivocal results, the subjects were tested by RM. The study indicates that RM is effective as an objective test of hearing for these subjects. Since RM sensitivity is not frequently dependent, it has a potential role as an adjunct to the brainstem evoked response (BSER) for testing low frequencies. PMID- 7278173 TI - Long-term effects on speech of chronic cerebellar stimulation in cerebral palsy. AB - Chronic cerebellar stimulation (CCS) of the anterior lobe is undertaken for relief or motor dysfunction in cerebral palsy, but the long-term effect on speech and voice has been uncertain. The present study evaluated speech before cerebellar stimulation and between one year and two years, seven months following stimulation in nine patients with congenital cerebral palsy and one patient with traumatic brain damage. Severity of dysarthria was not significantly altered as assessed by a panel of listeners. No patient demonstrated deteriorations in speech. Only two of the 10 patients showed small positive changes in the majority of parameters evaluated including rate, articulation, and voice. PMID- 7278174 TI - A minimal-world-pair model for teaching the linguistic significance of distinctive feature properties. AB - A word level behavioral routine for the remediation of distinctive feature errors was developed for resolving some current theoretical criticisms of minimal-pair therapy. Seven children with moderate to severe non-organic phonological disabilities were taught to correctly discriminate and produce sounds in words by utilizing lexical contrasts. A one-group pretest-posttest design was utilized to establish that the number and severity of the sound substitutions decreased with training. Phonemic improvement was demonstrated with as few as three minimal-pair words. A paradigm is proffered for future development and explanation. PMID- 7278172 TI - Systematic sound preference asa characteristic of phonological disability. AB - Systematic sound preference was described as a common phonological process seen in young children with unintelligible speech. In its classic form, sound preference occurred when an entire class of sounds was replaced by one sound. Sound preference most commonly occurred in the word-initial position and affected fricatives more frequently than any other manner category. In cases where sound preference did not affect all members of a manner of production, it affected the voiceless and/or non-labial sounds. PMID- 7278171 TI - Black English and standard American English constrasts in consonantal development of four and five-year old children. AB - Four- and five-hear-old black and white children of black English and standard American English backgrounds, respectively were administered a standard articulation test. A contrastive analysis revealed phonological differences in consonantal development between the two dialectal groups. However, contrasts were reflected more in number of developmental errors than in form of errors. Thus, the extent of differences noted between adult phonologies of black English and standard American English were less evident in emerging phonologies since unique error types were not exclusively characteristic of either group. There findings have implications for articulation testing of black English speaking children who have not acquired their adult phonology. PMID- 7278175 TI - Communication efficiency of dysarthric speakers as measured by sentence intelligibility and speaking rate. AB - In an effort to quantify communication efficiency, speaking rates and intelligibility scores were obtained from a normal speaking adult and 13 dysarthric speakers representing a wide range of severity. Speakers were audio recorded as they read words and sentences. A panel of judges transcribed all recordings and subjectively ranked a randomly selected sample from each speaker according to "communication efficiency." The following measures were obtained for each speaker: word and sentence intelligibility, speaking rate, rates of intelligible and unintelligible speech and a numerical ranking of communication efficiency. Results indicated that speaking rate and speech intelligibility are not closely correlated. By plotting measures that incorporate intelligibility and rate, one can rank speakers similarly to subjective rankings of communication efficiency, and distinguish mildly dysarthric from normal speakers. The addition of intelligibility and rate measures to supplement other assessment procedures in the evaluation of dysarthric speakers is discussed. PMID- 7278177 TI - Latency of vocalization onset for stutterers and nonstutterers under conditions of auditory and visual cueing. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether stutters and nonstutterers differed in latency of vocalization onset as a function of auditory and visual stimulus presentations. Twelve adult stutterers and 12 adult nonstutterers were compared for phonation onset latency under conditions of visual, right ear auditory, and left ear auditory cueing. Analysis of the data indicated that (a) overall phonation onset time did not differ significantly between the groups, (b) no significant differences were found for phonation onset time under conditions of combined auditory cueing, (c) stutterers were significantly slower for /pae/when auditory cueing was presented to either the left or right ear, (d) stutters were significantly slower for /pae/ and /bae/ when the values were combined for the left ear, and (e) there were not significant differences between stutterers' and non nonstutterers' phonation onset times under visual cueing. The results are interpreted to implicate a possible role of auditory system functioning in stutterers' motor control for speech tasks such as phonation onset. PMID- 7278176 TI - The effects of early middle ear pathology on auditory perception and academic achievement. AB - Two groups of children were compared to determine the effects of early middle ear pathology on the development of auditory perceptual skills and academic achievement. The conductive loss (CL) group consisted of 15 children, aged seven to nine years, with histories of middle ear pathology. The normal control (NC) group was matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status and had negative histories of middle ear pathology. Both groups were from a suburban community of primarily mild socioeconomic status. A test battery consisting of 12 auditory perceptual tests as well as measures of academic achievement, non-verbal intelligence and visual perception was administered. Results showed that the overall performance of the CL group on the test battery was significantly lower than that of the NC group. Performance of the CL group was also significantly lower in specific auditory perceptual areas. No significant differences were found on test of non-verbal intelligence or visual perception. Although scores were not significantly different on academic achievement tests, school records indicate that the CL loss group had received more special support services than the controls. This investigation suggests that early middle ear pathology may produce secondary effects that can persist well beyond the episodes of temporary conductive hearing loss. PMID- 7278178 TI - The relationship between magnitude of hearing loss and acoustic reflex threshold levels. AB - The acoustic reflex threshold (ART) was studied in 544 ears having hearing levels (ANSI-1969) ranging from 0 to 110 dB HL. The activating signals were pure tones (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz) presented at levels up to 125 dB HL. The results indicated that the ART increased with hearing loss beyond certain levels. The proportion of absence of reflex responses depends upon the degree of hearing loss, test frequency, and the limits imposed by the instrumentation. Absence of reflex responses is rare for hearing losses of less than about 80 dB HL when the hearing loss is attributable to cochlear involvement. PMID- 7278179 TI - A case study of vocal volume reduction. AB - The subject in this project wa a 24-year-old moderately retarded institutionalized woman who displayed a variety of inappropriate social behaviors including an abnormally loud vocal volume. A reinforcement program was established in which each teaching session contained 50 opportunities for the subject to respond below an absolute intensity level of 65 dB. The initial treatment procedure used the reveal (ABAB) teaching/research design. Continuous social and edible reinforcement, coupled with activation of a Whisperlite, served as positive/negative reinforcers. Visual and verbal cues were used to facilitate the emission of correct responses. During the second intervention, the desired behavior was maintained at the criterion of 50 independent responses below 65 dB for three consecutive sessions. Three follow-up sessions showed that the subject maintained 100% accuracy in responding below 65 dB in a conversation. PMID- 7278180 TI - A study of the voicing distinction associated with omitted, work-final stops. AB - This study examined the possibility that children who omit word-final stops as a clinical entity may preserve the voicing contrast of those omitted stops by differential durations of the receding vowel. Data bearing on this hypothesis were obtained by constructing a speech sample in which the voicing of word-final stops was systematically manipulated and by having three children produce these utterances under controlled conditions. Acoustic measures of vowel durations showed that for all word-final stops in both isolated words and words in sentence final position that were judged unanimously by three transcribers to be omitted, two of the children produced vowel durations that were clearly sensitive to the voicing characteristic of the (omitted) final stop. The third child failed to show a consistent difference in vowel duration dependent on the voicing of the final stop. A phonological analysis of spontaneous speech sample showed that the two children who produced the reliable vowel duration difference also showed clear phonetic evidence of medial stops when the form containing the omitted final stop was inflected. The third child, however, omitted stops in both inflected and noninflected forms. These results are discussed in terms of the conditions that may be necessary for a child to use differential vowel durations to mark the voicing of omitted, work-final stops. PMID- 7278182 TI - Effect of vessel tapering on the transition to turbulent flow: implications in the cardiovascular system. AB - The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of tapering upon the tendency of flow to become turbulent in straight symmetric tubes. Velocity was measured with a flow to become turbulent in straight symmetric tubes. Velocity was measured with a laser Doppler anemometer in plexiglass tubes which tapered 0.5 deg, 1.5 deg, and 2.5 deg measured from the centerline to the wall. These angles were comparable to the angles of tapering observed in the abdominal aorta of normal subjects, 1.5 deg +/- 0.2 deg (mean +/- SEM) (range 0 deg to 3 deg). The transition Reynolds number (based on the diameter of the tube at the point of measurement) increased as the angle of tapering increased. When the angle of tapering was constant, the transition Reynolds number increased with increasing distance into the tapered section. These observations suggest that tapering of the abdominal aorta tends to promote laminar flow. PMID- 7278181 TI - Progressive hearing loss in children: hearing aids and other factors. AB - A sample of 20 children monitored for progressive hearing loss combined with 25 progressive loss cases were obtained. The effects of hearing aid use on progressive loss were examined in the context of etiology and other factors, particularly the time relations between hearing aid application and the period of progression. Results indicate a limited role played by hearing aids in progressive hearing loss. Hearing aid use was not implicate in 30 (69%) of the progressive loss subjects, questionably implicated in nine (20%), and probably implicated in five (11%). In the identification and monitoring of progressive hearing loss, it is unwise to conclude that hearing aid use is the cause of the deterioration without considering all other plausible factors. PMID- 7278183 TI - Effects of nonlinear strain-dependent permeability and rate of compression on the stress behavior of articular cartilage. AB - The compressive viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage, a fiber-reinforced, porous, permeable solid matrix filled with water, is predominately governed by the flow of the interstitial water within the tissue and its exudation across the articular surface. The fluid flow is in turn governed by the permeability of the tissue and the loading imposed upon its surface. But for articular cartilage, the permeability depends nonlinearly on the strain; k = ko exp (Me). Here, M is the nonlinear flow-limiting parameter and e is the dilatation. In this investigation, we studied the influence of M and Ro = koHA/Uh (where HA is the elastic equilibrium modulus of the solid matrix, h is the tissue's thickness and U is the rate of compression applied onto the surface via a rigid, porous, free-draining filter) on the stress history of circular plugs of cartilage specimens attached to the bone. It was found that these two parameters have profound effects on the predicted compressive stress history. For very large Ro, the fluid flow effects become negligible. For small Ro and large M, large instantaneous compressive stresses several times larger than those observed at equilibrium are predicted. This amplification of compressive stress is due to the increase of importance of the relative fluid flow effect, i.e., Ro leads to 0, and nonlinear flow-limit effect, i.e., M greater than 0. Also, the theoretical curves predict that the rate of increase of stress initially decreases (convex) and finally becomes a constant. The results of our 5 percent offset compression experiments are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. PMID- 7278184 TI - Ultrasonic measurement of orthotropic elastic constants of bovine femoral bone. AB - Using a pulse transmission ultrasound method, we have determined the elastic properties of bone samples taken from along the length and around the periphery of a bovine femur. Twenty specimens, in the form of 5-mm cubes, were tested. All nine of the orthotropic elastic constants were determined for each specimen. Analysis of our data indicate that there are statistically significant variations from the usual assumption of transverse isotropy. PMID- 7278186 TI - Application of hydroelastic waves to the removal of small gallstones. AB - We have used hydroelastic waves to remove small gallstones in hepatic and common bile ducts. These stones were shaken off by the action of progressive and reflected traveling waves. The mechanical properties of the bile ducts were measured and an analysis of the propagation of hydroelastic waves in the liver bile ducts was made. A practical system was designed, constructed, and clinically tested to remove the gallstones that remained in the hepatic or common bile ducts after surgical operations. The system was found to be effective. PMID- 7278187 TI - On the hemolytic and thrombogenic potential of occluder prosthetic heart valves from in-vitro measurements. AB - An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the magnitude of shear stresses and areas of stasis of several types of prosthetic occluder heart valves. These experiments were performed in a steady-flow test loop using an axisymmetric aortic-shaped test chamber and an aqueous-glycerine solution. The flow loop produced a low-turbulence intensity and uniform mean velocity profile upstream of the test chamber. Tests were performed on a Kay-Shiley disk, a Bjork Shiley tilting disk and Starr-Edwards Models 1260 and 2320 ball prostheses at Reynolds numbers between 2000 and 6200. Momentum transfer and turbulence data were obtained both around and distal to the valve occluders using laser Doppler and hot-film anemometry. The region directly surrounding the valve occluders contained the largest stresses measured. Aortic wall shear measurements revealed magnitudes potentially damaging to the vessel lining. Regions of slowly moving separated flow found to exist in these occluder valve flow fields correlated with clinical findings of thrombus formation. PMID- 7278188 TI - The lung--a perspective of biomechanics development. PMID- 7278189 TI - The role of secondary variables in the measurement of the mechanical properties of the lumbar intervertebral joint. AB - A general method is proposed for the testing of the structural properties of lumbar intervertebral joints. The apparatus designed includes a loading jig capable of applying any wrench resultant load while allowing unconstrained motion of the specimen and a three-dimensional displacement transducer for measurement of principal and coupled displacements. Four secondary independent variables, load axis position, nucleus pressure, the number of initial cycles and the load duration are shown to significantly affect the dependent variable, displacement. When performing this type of experiment, these secondary variables must be standardized and controlled. PMID- 7278185 TI - Large deformation analysis of some soft biological tissues. AB - Due to physiological structure of most of the soft biological tissues, measurable stresses develop after the specimen has been stretched to many hundreds of percent of its relaxed length. Therefore, the nonlinear stress-strain relations developed for vulcanized rubber cannot be applied to soft tissues, which are constitutionally much more nonlinear than other engineering materials. In this article, using two different elastic models proposed for elastic soft tissues, simple elongation of a cylindrical bar and the inflation of a spherical thick shell, which is deemed to be a model for a left ventricle, are studied and the material coefficients characterizing the elastic model are obtained via comparing theoretical results with existing experiments on tissues. Furthermore, the elastic stiffnesses which are very important for physiologists and cardiologists are discussed and the consistency of the result with experiments are indicated. PMID- 7278191 TI - Micromechanical oscillators and techniques for determining the dynamic moduli of microsamples of human cortical bone at microstrains. AB - Two micromechanical oscillators are described along with methods and techniques which have been successfully used to determine the elastic, dynamic, shear and Young's moduli at microstrain levels, and which with proper design modifications might, under restricted experimental conditions, also be employed to determine viscous moduli. Although these systems can be used with any microsamples, they were designed originally for dynamic studies of the unit microstructural element of human cortical bone, the secondary osteon (Haversian system). PMID- 7278190 TI - Design of an actively controlled snow ski release binding. AB - A new electronic ski binding has been designed which may better protect skiers from lower extremity injuries. A four-step procedure for developing binding release criteria aimed at preventing specific injuries is outlined. Using simplified biomechanical models, the release criteria for tibia fracture in both torsion and flexion are derived. A binding design which embodies the derived release criteria is described. The binding consists of three subsystems: 1) a dynamometer, 2) an analog computer controller, and 3) an electromechanical release mechanism. The strain gage dynamometer directly measures torsion and bending moments between the boot and ski. An analog computer controlled processes dynamometer signals. Dual release mode capability is achieved by parallel solution of differential equations which model the leg in both medial-lateral rotation and flexion. When the model solution reaches a critical value, the controller actuates the release mechanism. The release mechanism incorporates a unique closed circuit hydraulic system which rigidly locks the boot to the ski until release. Laboratory tests on a prototype confirm that the computer controlled binding prevents inadvertent release under noninjurious high magnitude, short-duration loads but releases before quasi-static loads reach injurious levels. PMID- 7278192 TI - Why sliding seats and short stroke intervals are used for racing shells. AB - A theory is developed to explain why racing shell crews use sliding seats and shorter-than-necessary stroke intervals, two features that tend to waste energy in a highly competitive, power-limited situation. The theory shows that sliding seats are used because they allow the crew to move the oar blades fast enough during the stroke to transfer all available power to the water. Shorter-than necessary stroke intervals are used to minimize the sum of the power dissipated in developing thrust, which decreases with the relative length of the stroke interval, and the power dissipated in hull drag due to fluctuations about average velocity, which increases with the relative length of the stroke interval. Using representative dimensions and masses, a typical value of average velocity for a race, and independently estimated values of drag and thrust coefficients, the theory predicts an optimum stroke fraction of 0.400, and optimum stroke rate of 45 per min, and an accountable power of 0.46 hp/man for an eight-oar racing shell, values that agree remarkably well with those used under competitive racing conditions. The theory indicates that using wider-bladed oars might improve performance; the theory also supports a suggestion made to the writer by R. A. Swanson that crossing the oars over the shell would improve performance. PMID- 7278193 TI - Esophageal accelerometer--indicator of cardiovascular function. PMID- 7278194 TI - Flow visualization in a mold of an atherosclerotic human abdominal aorta. AB - Flow in a mold of an atherosclerotic human abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries was studied by flow visualization at a mean Reynolds number of 500 during both pulsatile and steady flow. Flow separation and transient flow reversals were found distal to atherosclerotic plaques during pulsatile flow; whereas flow separation resulting in regions of permanent eddies were observed distal to plaques only during steady flow. PMID- 7278195 TI - Vascular endothelial morphology as an indicator of the pattern of blood flow. AB - A quantitative study of the en face size and shape of endothelial cells from aortic intercostal ostia has been carried out in rabbits. Photomicrographs were taken from vascular casts of the rabbit aorta and the endothelial cell outlines were analyzed quantitatively using a digitizer and digital computer. The morphology of the endothelial cells was described using 8 calculated parameters (area, perimeter, length, width, angle of orientation, width: length ratio, axis intersection ratio and shape index). Marked changes in cell morphology were found in the regions proximal and distal to ostia as well as around flow dividers. Cells on the aorta are aligned with the flow direction, and the endothelial cells within the ostia have an angle of orientation of approximately 45 deg to the axis of the vessel. The results obtained to date suggest that endothelial cell morphology and orientation around a branch vessel may be a natural marker or indicator of the detailed features of blood flow. PMID- 7278196 TI - The dynamic response of vascular endothelial cells to fluid shear stress. AB - We have developed an in-vitro system for studying the dynamic response of vascular endothelial cells to controlled levels of fluid shear stress. Cultured monolayers of bovine aortic endothelial cells are placed in a cone-plate apparatus that produces a uniform fluid shear stress on replicate samples. Subconfluent endothelial cultures continuously exposed to 1-5 dynes/cm2 shear proliferate at a rate comparable to that of static cultures and reach the same saturation density (congruent to 1.0-1.5 X 10(5) cells/cm2). When exposed to a laminar shear stress of 5-10 dynes/cm2, confluent monolayers undergo a time dependent change in cell shape from polygonal to ellipsoidal and become uniformly oriented with flow. Regeneration of linear "wounds" in confluent monolayer appears to be influenced by the direction of the applied force. Preliminary studies indicate that certain endothelial cell functions, including fluid endocytosis, cytoskeletal assembly and nonthrombogenic surface properties, also are sensitive to shear stress. These observations suggest that fluid mechanical forces can directly influence endothelial cell structure and function. Modulation of endothelial behavior by fluid shear stresses may be relevant to normal vessel wall physiology, as well as the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. PMID- 7278197 TI - Vesicle transport in arterial endothelium and the influence of mechanical factors on macromolecular permeability. AB - The time-dependent transport of labeled vesicles in arterial endothelium has been modeled, taking into account the space-varying electrodynamic and hydrodynamic forces and the steric hindrance of vesicle attachment by the already attached vesicles. With the aid of laboratory model experiments to assess the steric hindrance effect, theoretical computation has been made on time-dependent labeled vesicle concentration profiles, and the results agree reasonably well with the published experimental data. Oscillatory length variations (5-10 Hz for 15 min) and elevation of transmural pressure (from 0-100 and 200 mmHg) caused increases in 125I-albumin uptake by the canine common carotid artery. Theoretical computations based on ultrastructural determination of free vesicle density indicate that there was negligible enhancement of vesicle diffusion by these mechanical disturbances. The increases in albumin uptake following length oscillation and pressure elevation to 100 mmHg were accompanied by increases in luminal surface area, and the albumin permeability remained unchanged. The albumin permeability was elevated following pressure elevation to 200 mmHg, and this was attributable to (a) a decrease in transendothelial diffusion distance, and (b) facilitation of vesicle loading into the vesicles. PMID- 7278199 TI - Correlation of human arterial morphology with hemodynamic measurements in arterial casts. AB - A realistic pulsatile flow was passed through a cast of the aortic bifurcation of a 63-yr-old male with mild atherosclerosis, and a laser Doppler anemometer was used to measure fluid velocities in the cast at 15 selected sites near the lateral and medial walls. Intimal, medial and adventitial thicknesses were measured and sudanophilia was scored at corresponding sites in the vessel from which the cast had been made. A negative correlation was found between intimal thickness (IT) and wall shear rate. The strongest negative correlation (p less than 0.005) was between IT and "pulse shear rate" (PSR), defined by analogy with pulse pressure. Sudanophilia also correlated negatively with PSR (p less than 0.01). Medial thickness correlated positively with shear rate, and most strongly with the mean (i.e., time-average) rate (p less than 0.005). From an analysis of the fluid mechanical data, it appears possible to separate the effects of bifurcation geometry and the shape of the arterial cross section on interfacial shear. PMID- 7278198 TI - Diffusion of macromolecules across the arterial wall in the presence of multiple endothelial injuries. AB - In this paper, the two-phase arterial wall model developed by Weinbaum and Caro [2] has been extended to obtain analytic solutions for the steady-state flux, uptake and concentration of macromolecules in the arterial wall due to the presence of periodically dispersed local sites of enhanced permeability. In the endothelial cell layer these sites are believed to be associated with the dying and regeneration of individual cells in the endothelial monolayer. Nir and Pfeffer [9] obtained similar solutions for a single dying cell in an otherwise undamaged endothelial cell layer. However this model requires that multiple cell turnover sites be spaced sufficiently far apart such that no interaction between neighboring sites takes place and hence cannot be applied to closely spaced endothelial injuries which have been observed experimentally in physiological studies. The theoretical predictions of the present model compare very favorably with experimental results for the enhanced uptake found in blue versus white areas reported in morphological studies of the endothelial surface (Bell, et al. [10, 11]). PMID- 7278200 TI - Location of early atheroma in the human coronary arteries. AB - We have correlated the location of early atheroma with vessel geometry in the major coronary arteries of subjects dying of noncardiovascular causes under 40 yr of age. We analyzed only those vessels affected minimally by very early (fatty) disease. In each of the three major branches, disease was concentrated close to the entrance and diminished with distance downstream. Circumferential distribution of disease was also not random. In the right coronary artery, lesions were concentrated on the inner wall of the major curvature. Immediately downstream of the entrances of both branches of the left coronary artery, the flow-dividing walls were spared. Further downstream in the left anterior, descending branch plaques followed a spiral distribution. We believe these patterns may be determined by local mechanical factors. PMID- 7278201 TI - Effects of subject position on balance platform measurements. AB - The high cost of commercially available force plates instrumented to quantify postural sway can be prohibitive to both research and clinical institutions. Therefore custom plate design and construction within the institutional environment is not uncommon. Some plate designs, however, may give erroneous measurements depending upon subject position. We report here on the existence of a kern boundary on the plate surface. Loads placed inside this boundary result in support compression, while those placed outside cause at least one support to experience tension. The findings indicate that the type of force transducer used for corner support (unidirectional or bidirectional), the type of connection between the plate and transducers, plate weight, subject weight, plate dimensions and transducer preloads are all critical to accurate measurements. PMID- 7278202 TI - Education and training for biomedical engineering- a changing pattern. PMID- 7278203 TI - A proposed model for the synthesis, storage and release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 7278205 TI - Percutaneous switching of an implantable muscle stimulator via an optical link. PMID- 7278204 TI - Fourier analysis of isolated rat heart electrocardiographs as a measure of viability after cooling to - 22 degrees C with the aid of a cryoprotective agent. AB - The viability of isolated rat hearts cooled to - 22 degrees C with the aid of a cryoprotective agent, ethylene glycol, has been assessed by a novel technique of comparing the Fourier analysed spectrum of the electrocardiogram before and after cooling. The frequency spectrum of the electrocardiogram of a good isolated heart being retrograde perfused at 37 degrees C, contains 3 peaks with the second harmonic dominant is power. A damaged heart contains higher harmonics and additional components. PMID- 7278206 TI - The effects of mechanical factors on bio-compatibility tests. AB - Evaluation of materials for bone and joint replacement has led to contradictory results in a number of cases: some researchers have reported the formation of good load-bearing bone structures along the surface of a particular material, e.g. dense, high strength Al2O3-ceramics, others found the same material encapsulated by soft tissue. Considering the results of various animal experiments and the evaluation of clinical follow-up studies, it can be shown that many of these conflicting observations are due to different biomechanical conditions at the site of examination. Failure to consider the local load situation at the interface between the implanted specimen and the bone tissue can lead to misleading statements about the possible applications of a material. PMID- 7278207 TI - A method for compression - reconstruction of ECG signals. AB - A new method of data compression - reconstruction for ECG signals is presented. The method gives the ability (a) to control the final accuracy of the reconstructed signal before the transmission (or storage) of samples and (b) to control the compression ratio (CR) in order to obtain an optimum use of the channel capacity. The main advantage of the method was found to be the very strong improvement of the local re-construction during the active periods. Indeed, we can obtain CR values between 3 and 10 with local root mean square error (r.m.s.e.) improvement compared to the total r.m.s.e. value, by 85% during the active period. PMID- 7278209 TI - Normothermic preservation of isolated organs. PMID- 7278208 TI - Digitization of computed tomogram data from a radiotherapy simulator. PMID- 7278210 TI - A model femur for in vitro testing of femoral components. AB - A total hip replacement femoral component was embedded using acrylic bone cement into a full length model femur consisting of a thin-walled cylindrical fixture and was loaded anatomically. The strains in the prosthesis, the fixture and the cement were determined as was the effect of prosthesis misorientation. This method of fixation, unlike others tested, gave prosthesis stresses of magnitude and distribution similar to those which occurred in similar prostheses implanted in human femora. A metal fixture was found to be suitable for in vitro testing of femoral components, since the fixture stresses were adequately low. High stresses occurred in the cement, and in spite of acrylic precompression due to polymerization in situ, could result in acrylic fatigue fracture and interface failure, both possible causes of the loosening which occurs clinically. The load transmission from prosthesis to model femur was discussed. PMID- 7278211 TI - Ultrasound velocity tomography, an imaging method. AB - Analysis of the geometry of the beating heart may yield important information about its condition and function, and may reveal physiologically and clinically relevant information about the influence of regional malfunctioning on the integral heart performance. In this study, a method has been developed which will ultimately allow the determination of the three-dimensional geometry of an isolated working dog-heart throughout the cardiac cycle. The technique will be called 'ultrasound velocity tomography'. Ultrasound velocity tomograms are reconstructions of the spatial distribution of the ultrasound velocity in cross sections of the object under study. This velocity is to a certain extent characteristic for a tissue, so that various tissues and structures can be identified in a tomogram. The velocities are mathematically reconstructed from thousands of measured times-of-flight of ultrasound pulses which have travelled along different path-ways through the object. By detecting the blood-heart muscle transitions in a tomogram and by combining tomograms from different cross sections of the heart, a three-dimensional heart-geometry may be obtained. Preliminary results on a formalin-fixed heart are shown and discussed. PMID- 7278212 TI - Comparison of methods for obtaining a heart rate variability signal from 60 x real time ECG data. AB - The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) has received increasing attention, particularly since the widespread introduction of 24 hour monitoring procedures. This paper compares methods for obtaining the HRV signal in both real time and 60 x real time. Software and hardware methods are compared from a number of points of view including accuracy and suitability for analysing 24 hour recordings. The question of drop-outs resulting from noisy ECG records is discussed and one hardware method for minimizing the problem is described which uses a level restorer in conjunction with the HRV signal generator. PMID- 7278213 TI - Rapid unrestrained respiration measurement in the laboratory rat. PMID- 7278214 TI - Modifications to Harrington distraction instrumentation. PMID- 7278215 TI - Adipose cell size of distance runners before and after a 23 mile run. PMID- 7278216 TI - Specificity of submaximal working capacity. PMID- 7278217 TI - Position sense following joint injury. PMID- 7278218 TI - The validity of the stretch shortening cycle in selected jumping events. PMID- 7278219 TI - Physiological effects of training in elite swimmers as measured by a free swimming test. PMID- 7278220 TI - Storage of biological events by means of a phase locked loop system. PMID- 7278221 TI - Selected physiological characteristics of elite male sprint athletes. PMID- 7278222 TI - Self-concept and injuries among female high school basketball players. PMID- 7278223 TI - Do marathoners differ from joggers in personality profile: a sports psychology approach. PMID- 7278224 TI - Specificity of training: selective aspects of running. PMID- 7278225 TI - The effect of catecholamines or sodium lactate on blood lactate distribution in the rat. PMID- 7278226 TI - Biorhythms and sports. PMID- 7278227 TI - "Biorhythms" and Australian track and field records. PMID- 7278228 TI - Sudden death and physical exertion. PMID- 7278229 TI - Myocardial protection by coronary washout during global ischemic cardiac arrest. PMID- 7278230 TI - Distribution of myocardial blood flow after left coronary occlusion. PMID- 7278231 TI - Induction of myocardial damage with nitroprusside. PMID- 7278232 TI - Delayed primary closure: collagen synthesis and content in healing rat skin incisions. PMID- 7278233 TI - The early metabolism of noncollagenous glycoproteins during wound healing. PMID- 7278235 TI - Interrelationship between monocyte maturation in vitro and tumor growth in murine tumor host. PMID- 7278234 TI - Red blood cell sodium, potassium, and ATP levels during hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7278236 TI - Measurement of function during hypothermic renal perfusion. PMID- 7278237 TI - Liposome stimulation of anti-BSA antibody production in mice. PMID- 7278238 TI - Estrogens and endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 7278239 TI - EKG of the month: torsades de pointes. PMID- 7278240 TI - Radiology case of the month: alveolar sarcoidosis. PMID- 7278242 TI - Reflections on ethics and behavior. PMID- 7278241 TI - Mental Health report: the environmental level/community skills profile system. PMID- 7278243 TI - Efficacy of a checklist to promote a preventive medicine approach. PMID- 7278244 TI - Pelvis actinomycosis associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices. PMID- 7278247 TI - Neoplastic meningitis. PMID- 7278245 TI - Psychogenic pain is for real. PMID- 7278246 TI - Organ donation and transplantation. PMID- 7278249 TI - EKG of the month. PMID- 7278250 TI - Radiology case of the month: scleroderma. PMID- 7278248 TI - Fatty liver in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7278251 TI - Ethanol-induced electrophysiological alterations in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. PMID- 7278252 TI - Growth deficits in rats exposed to alcohol in utero. PMID- 7278253 TI - Hazardous alcohol consumption and diseases of the circulatory system. PMID- 7278254 TI - Memory for remote events in alcoholics. PMID- 7278255 TI - Factor analysis and studies on alcohol. A methodological review. PMID- 7278256 TI - Recognizing and seeking help for drinking problems. A study in the Boston metropolitan area. PMID- 7278257 TI - Drinking and denial of social obligations among adolescent boys. PMID- 7278258 TI - Self-esteem and self-reinforcement in men alcoholics. PMID- 7278260 TI - Assessment of expectancies and behaviors associated with alcohol consumption. A cognitive--behavioral approach. PMID- 7278259 TI - MMPI profile patterns of men alcoholics in two contrasting settings. PMID- 7278261 TI - Criterion intervals for pretreatment drinking measures in treatment evaluation. PMID- 7278262 TI - Factors inhibiting supervisory referrals to occupational alcoholism intervention programs. PMID- 7278263 TI - A descriptive analysis of alcohol education materials, 1973--1979. PMID- 7278265 TI - Alcohol and suicide and homicide. PMID- 7278264 TI - Treatment outcome of alcoholic physicians. PMID- 7278266 TI - Reactance effects of denying social drinkers the freedom to choose to drink alcoholic beverages. PMID- 7278267 TI - Responses of the rat pancreas to three months of an ethanol-rich liquid diet. PMID- 7278268 TI - Ethanol and water drinking by rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7278269 TI - Evaluation and application of a urinary diethylamine method to measure compliance with disulfiram therapy. PMID- 7278271 TI - Impaired perceptual--cognitive functioning in women alcoholics. Cross-validated findings. PMID- 7278273 TI - The impact of alcoholism on the family. Relationship between degree of alcoholism and psychiatric symptomatology. PMID- 7278270 TI - The calcium cyanamide--ethanol interaction in man. Effects of repeated ethanol administration. PMID- 7278272 TI - From employee alcoholism to employee assistance. Deemphases on prevention and alcohol problems in work-based programs. PMID- 7278274 TI - Therapists' recommendations of abstinence or controlled drinking as treatment goals. Significance of alcoholics' sex, social class and pretreatment drinking behavior. PMID- 7278275 TI - Alcoholics' versus nonalcoholics' use of services of a health maintenance organization. PMID- 7278276 TI - Alcohol use following treatment for drug addiction. A four-year follow-up. PMID- 7278277 TI - "Alcoholic," "unspecified" and "other specified" cirrhosis mortality: a study in validity. PMID- 7278278 TI - Changing the federal regulations on confidentiality of alcohol and drug abuse patient records: views of clinical staff. PMID- 7278279 TI - Monitoring blood alcohol concentrations: hypotheses and implications for alcoholism. PMID- 7278280 TI - Words and deeds: the validity of self-report data on alcohol consumption. PMID- 7278281 TI - The process of recovery from alcoholism. I. Comparing alcoholic patients and matched community controls. PMID- 7278282 TI - Social attributes, problem drinking and alcoholism treatment contacts. Labeling versus social etiology. PMID- 7278284 TI - Similarities in the self-depictions of men alcoholics and psychiatric outpatients. An examination of Eysenck's dimension of emotionality. PMID- 7278283 TI - Inpatient alcoholism treatment rates in a suburban county, by sex, age and social class. PMID- 7278285 TI - Personality similarities and differences in four diagnostic groups of women alcoholics and drug addicts. PMID- 7278289 TI - Effect of length of stay in inpatient alcoholism treatment on outcome. PMID- 7278287 TI - Sexual behavior, sex-role adaptation and drinking in young women. PMID- 7278286 TI - Patterns of alcohol and drug use of adolescent students and adolescents in treatment. PMID- 7278291 TI - Effects of ethanol on the development of kindled seizures in rat amygdala. PMID- 7278290 TI - Use of the plasma alpha-amino-n butyric acid: leucine ratio to identify alcoholics. An unsuccessful test. PMID- 7278292 TI - A comparison of two short forms of the MMPI in a sample of men alcoholics. PMID- 7278288 TI - Communication styles of alcoholic and nonalcoholic families when drinking and not drinking. PMID- 7278293 TI - Family involvement and alcoholics' completion of a multiphase treatment program. PMID- 7278294 TI - Relationship between adaptive skills and outcome of alcoholism treatment. PMID- 7278295 TI - Assessment of social skills in alcoholics and other psychiatric patients. PMID- 7278296 TI - Abstinent alcoholics' adjustment to work. PMID- 7278297 TI - "Words and deeds": a rejoinder. PMID- 7278299 TI - Flexoelectric and steric interactions between two bilayer lipid membranes resulting from their curvature fluctuations. PMID- 7278298 TI - A predictive method for determining possible three-dimensional foldings of immunoglobulin backbones around antibody combining sites. PMID- 7278300 TI - On time dependency of frequency and distribution of chromatid aberrations induced by mutagens with delayed effects. An interpretation. PMID- 7278301 TI - Assembly systems in molecular biology: a graph theory of genetic complementation between two related species. PMID- 7278302 TI - On membrane transport and internal entropy production. PMID- 7278303 TI - The relation between local and global transport parameters in an epithelial membrane having an asymmetric transport mechanism. PMID- 7278305 TI - Principles of a new biological theory: a summary. PMID- 7278306 TI - II. Transient phase of two-substrate enzyme systems. PMID- 7278307 TI - III. Kinetics of enzyme reactions with inactivation steps. PMID- 7278304 TI - I. Transient phase kinetics of enzyme reactions. PMID- 7278308 TI - Simple physical presentation of enzymatic catalysis. PMID- 7278309 TI - Coupling in relaxation experiments as a diagnostic tool to discriminate among different antico-operative models. PMID- 7278310 TI - Simultaneous stability of D = 0 and D not equal to 0 for multiplicative viabilities at two loci: an analytical study. PMID- 7278311 TI - Cytoplasmic inheritance and intragenomic conflict. PMID- 7278312 TI - Biological molecular information and its representation. PMID- 7278313 TI - Sequential analysis of the influence of sex on the spread of the disease variola minor. PMID- 7278314 TI - Possible prepatterns governing mitosis: the mechanism of spindle-free chromosome movement in aulacantha Scolymantha. PMID- 7278315 TI - A gas chromatographic (GLPC) model for the sense of smell. Variation of olfactory sensitivity with conditions of stimulation. PMID- 7278316 TI - The significance of immunity restriction by the major histocompatibility complex, and of the occurrence of high polymorphism at MHC Loci: two hypotheses. PMID- 7278317 TI - Steady-state heat distribution in epidermis, dermis and subdermal tissues. PMID- 7278318 TI - Model of mitosis based on antagonistic changes of intracellular concentration of free calcium and magnesium ions. PMID- 7278319 TI - Sexual competition and the evolution of hermaphroditism. PMID- 7278320 TI - Sensitivity of pigeons to small magnetic field variations. PMID- 7278322 TI - Does computed tomography aid in the staging of lung cancer. PMID- 7278321 TI - Evaluation of the long-term results of surgery for bronchial carcinoma. PMID- 7278323 TI - Motor activity after colon replacement of esophagus. Manometric evaluation. AB - Motor activity of the colon transplant for esophageal reconstruction is a point of controversy. In this paper we present manometric studies carried out in 15 patients subjected to isoperistaltic colon interposition. Manometric studies were carried out with two polyvinyl water-filled catheters inserted through pressure transducers. Basal colonic activity and motor activity following several stimuli and "dry swallows" were registered. The type of waves after stimuli were classified as (1) synchronous, (2) sequential or progressive, and (3) segmental. Details of the basal colonic waves and colon contractions after stimuli are given: i.e., rate, duration, amplitude, interval from the stimulus, and percentage of motor activity. The data reported here indicate the good motor response of the isoperistaltic colon to intraluminal injection of water or 0. 1 N hydrochloric acid and to chachet swallowing. Only two free-symptoms patients did not have motor activity. One of them was submitted to manometric studies too soon after the operation. We conclude that the presence of sequential waves in the interposed segment likely can help to propel the contents of the colon into the stomach and to clear gastric juice if reflux from the stomach should occur. PMID- 7278324 TI - Management of necrotizing tracheostomy infections. AB - Management of three patients with necrotizing tracheostomy infections resulting in tracheal dissolution was reviewed with respect to presentation, cause, and management. Loss of tracheal substance led to difficulty in ventilation because of a large air leak. The stomal area cavitated in two patients, denuding the right common carotid artery in one. Purulent peristomal drainage was present in all three patients. Common factors of possible etiologic significance included necrotizing polymicrobial gram-negative tracheobronchial infections caused by Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella species. Also of possible importance were suture fixation of the appliance, history of neurologic injury, and closure of the incision. Immediate therapy consisted of oral intubation for ventilatory purposes and a regimen of hourly application of 1% neomycin dressings. Seven to 21 days were necessary to allow formation of sufficient granulation tissue to support replacement of the tracheostomy appliance for continued mechanical ventilation. Once spontaneous ventilation was possible, a Montgomery T-tube was inserted for long-term tracheal stenting prior to reconstruction. The two patients treated by tracheal stenting are long-term survivors. Avoidance of suture fixation of the appliance, aggressive treatment of bronchopulmonary infection, and adequate stomal toilet may help to avoid this devastating complication. PMID- 7278325 TI - Extraction of intramyocardial foreign body utilizing operative ultrasonography. AB - Technical advances in cardiac surgery have made accessible previously remote regions within the heart and great vessels; nevertheless, limitations in the ability to locate intramyocardial foreign bodies with precision utilizing conventional radiographic techniques, together with the frequent inability to palpate a foreign body located within the walls of the heart chambers, has dampened early enthusiasm for their removal. Despite this, the recognized complications associated with nonoperative management continue to militate for an aggressive approach. The following case illustrates the use of operative high frequency ultrasonography in the exact localization of an intramyocardial foreign body. The precision thus afforded minimizes operative time, confines the size of the necessary ventriculotomy, and greatly facilitates successful removal. PMID- 7278326 TI - Effect of nitroprusside on end-diastolic pressure-diameter relations of the human left ventricle after pericardiotomy. AB - Although studies in human beings have suggested that sodium nitroprusside may increase the diastolic compliance of the left ventricle, animal models have provided contradictory evidence following pericardiotomy. The effect of nitroprusside on the human left ventricle after pericardiotomy has not been reported. Accordingly, we studied the effects of intravenous sodium nitroprusside in eight patients during cardiac operations. Curves relating left ventricular end diastolic pressure (EDP) to echocardiographically determined end-diastolic diameter (EDD) were determined during the transfusion of volume from the reservoir of the heart-lung machine (EDP varied from 5 to 35 mm Hg) before and during nitroprusside administration (1 to 4 mcg/kg/min). An average relation (EDP = 0.41 +/- 0.40 [SD] e1.18 +/- 0.58 EDD was obtained for eight patients by exponential curve fitting (r = 0.80 +/-08). Nitroprusside decreased systolic left ventricular pressure (118 +/- 16 to 100 +/- 13 mm Hg, p less than 0.001, paired t test) but did not alter the control curve relating EDP to EDD. We conclude that EDD-EDP relations of the human left ventricle are not altered by nitroprusside administration in the absence of the restraining influence of the pericardium. This suggests that nitroprusside has no significant direct effect on diastolic properties of the human myocardium. PMID- 7278327 TI - Effects of transfusion of emboli and aged plasma on pulmonary capillary permeability. AB - The effects of transfusion of whole blood clot emboli and aged citrated platelet poor plasma on pulmonary capillary permeability were investigated in anesthetized sheep by continuous collection of pulmonary lymph. Changes in lymph flow and lymph-to-plasma ratios (CL/CP) for albumin and globulin were utilized to detect changes in permeability. Infusion of 0.5 cc/kg of finely (less than or equal to 1 mm) diced autologous whole blood clot resulted in a 170% increase in lymph flow over control with no change in CL/CP for albumin or globulin. Infusion of 1 cc/kg of autologous clot increased lymph flow 180% over control and increased CL/CP for albumin and globulin. Infusion of homologous platelet-poor plasma caused greater increases in lymph flow without changes in CL/CP. Changes in each of these three groups were consistent with increased permeability. Balloon occlusion of one main pulmonary artery was induced without a fall in cardiac output and resulted in no change in lymph flow of CL/CP despite a rise in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Femoral arteriovenous fistulas were created to increase cardiac output, but no change in lymph flow or CL/CP occurred. The results in these latter two experiments suggest that increased perfusion per unit lung capillary bed or increased PVR were not primarily responsible for the changes observed in the emboli-treated and plasma-infused animals. Since both emboli and aged platelet poor plasma increased pulmonary capillary permeability, the permeability increasing factor appears to be humoral in origin. Similar humoral factors may be important in the pathogenesis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome in man. PMID- 7278328 TI - Early calcific stenosis of aortic and mitral Ionescu-Shiley valves in a patient with bioprosthetic infection. AB - The clinical course of a patient with bioprosthetic failure of aortic and mitral Ionescu-Shiley valves (which contain bovine pericardial leaflets) is presented. Failure occurred in less than 4 months and was due to infection that resulted in calcification and severe stenosis. On examination of tissue specimens under light and electron microscopes, the pathological process was seen to be similar o that occurring with infected porcine prostheses. PMID- 7278329 TI - Pulmonary artery stenosis following aortopulmonary anastomoses. AB - From 1965 to 1979, 44 patients with Potts and 50 with Waterston aortopulmonary anastomoses were studied angiographically. Fifty-two of the 95 shunts had been banded to limit growth of the anastomosis. Later the internal diameter of the anastomosis was measured in 34 children when the cardiac defect was repaired. On those with late measurements, growth was limited effectively in 17 of the 18 (94%) shunts that had been banded, whereas five of the 16 (31%) unbanded anastomoses grew to more than 6.5 mm internal diameter (p = 0.05). The difference in incidence of moderate or severe stenosis of the pulmonary artery near or at the anastomosis nearly reached a significant level (p = 0.07), occurring in 50% of children with banded shunts in comparison with 31% of children with unbanded shunts. Mean pulmonary artery pressures were obtained in 77 children, 36 with potts and 41 with Waterston shunts. Six of 43 with a banded anastomosis had a mean pulmonary artery pressure above 30 mm Hg, the highest being 43 mm Hg. Seven of 34 children with an unbanded anastomosis had a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 30 mm Hg or more, and in three the pressures were over 50mm Hg. In unbanded Potts or Waterston shunts the incidence of pulmonary artery stenosis was 60%. This high incidence discourages the use of these aortopulmonary anastomoses if other shunts can be constructed safely and effectively. PMID- 7278330 TI - Surgical anatomy of double-outlet right ventricle with situs solitus and atrioventricular concordance. AB - Sixty-three hearts with situs solitus, concordant atrioventricular connection, and more than half of both great arteries connected to the right ventricle have been studied to delineate their surgically important features. Specifically noted were the relationship of the arterial valves to each other and the type and position of the ventricular septal defect with special reference to the conduction tissue location. Infundibular morphology was ascertained and other congenital abnormalities were recorded. An estimate was made of the surgical options available given the various anatomic abnormalities present. The aorta was most commonly in the right posterior position but could be found anywhere in the arc extending to left anterior position. The septal defects were most frequently in subaortic position (34/65) and were usually of perimembranous type (45/65). Three hearts had two defects each and one heart had an intact ventricular septum. Identifying the type of defect was helpful in locating the conduction tissues. In addition, there were numerous associated anomalies, including 19 hearts with coronary artery malformations. Retrospective analysis of the surgical options suggested that 36% of the hearts would not have been operable during life. Approximately another third could have been corrected by use of an intraventricular tunnel from the ventricular septal defect to the aorta, and the remaining third would have needed more complex procedures. In the final analysis it was concluded that hearts with the ventriculoarterial connection of double outlet right ventricle, though so varied as to preclude "standardization," did permit anatomic analysis and description in clear and consistent terms. PMID- 7278331 TI - Double-outlet right ventricle and tetralogy of Fallot. Two distinct but not mutually exclusive entities. PMID- 7278332 TI - Surgical treatment of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery in infancy and childhood. Early and late results in 20 consecutive cases. AB - From 1972 to September, 1979, 20 patients underwent transplantation of the anomalous left coronary artery to the aorta, either directly or via a graft. Correction of ischemia-induced mitral insufficiency was associated in eight patients and a postinfarction left ventricular scar was excised in 12. Operative mortality was high among patients under 1 year of age (4/5). Among older children it was 15%. There were not late deaths among patients surviving the operation (mean follow-up 3 years). All but one had marked clinical improvement and reduction of cardiomegaly. Eleven patients underwent angiographic control, with a patent graft or anastomosis demonstrated in every case. Operation is advocated for patients over 1 year of age. The best treatment of symptomatic infants remains controversial. PMID- 7278333 TI - Interposition of a modified aortic homograft conduit as main pulmonary trunk in anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries. Report of two cases and technical considerations. AB - Anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect has been performed successfully in two patients. The technique employed differed in several aspects from the so-called Jatene procedure: (1) Both great arteries were transected at low level; (2) the switch of the coronary arteries was carried out after transection of both great arteries; (3) a modified aortic homograft conduit was used to bridge the gap between the proximal aortic root and the distal main pulmonary artery; (4) the "new" main pulmonary arterial trunk was positioned on the right side of the ascending aorta; and (5) the ascending aorta was enlarged in order to match the dilated proximal pulmonary stump. The advantages of these modifications over other techniques reported in the literature are discussed. PMID- 7278334 TI - Appraisal of the Mustard procedure for the physiological correction of "simple" transposition of the great arteries. Eighty consecutive cases, 1970-1980. AB - Eighty successive patients underwent the Mustard operation for "simple" transposition of the great arteries (TGA) between January, 1970, and January, 1980. Ages ranged from 42 days to 12.4 years (mean 14.7 months). Balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) with balloon volumes of more than 2.5 ml produced significant increases of arterial oxygen saturation, although the initial benefit of BAS was greater than that found at follow-up catheterization. In these patients the left ventricular (LV) pressure tended to decrease during the first months of life, but this drop was less marked at the end of the first year. Deep hypothermia and cardiocirculatory arrest were employed in all cases. Several modifications were adapted to the original surgical technique in order to reduce last sequelae. There were two early and three late deaths. At follow-up (mean 4.5 years) 74% of patients were symptom free. Sinoatrial and atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances were present in five and six patients, respectively. Caval or pulmonary venous obstruction occurred in 13 patients, seven of whom required reoperation. Isolated tricuspid valve incompetence was present in one patient only, but in four it was associated with other defects. Primary right ventricular (RV) failure occurred in one patient. These findings, in relation to mortality, complications, and the excellent clinical results in the majority of survivors, compare favorably with results published for patients with "simple" TGA who have been subjected to other types of physiological or anatomic correction. At the present time, there seems to be no good reason to alter our surgical policy in this group of patients. PMID- 7278335 TI - Effects of selectively produced changes in cardiac rhythm or conduction upon flow in the superior vena cava. AB - The effects of changes in cardiac rhythm or conduction on the rate of volume flow in the superior vena cava (SVC) were studied in 25 dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Slowing of sinus rate from 145 +/- 16 to 114 +/- 12 beats/min was achieved by selective perfusion of Ringer's solution into the sinus node artery. During sinus slowing there was a continuous change in the systolic-diastolic flow ratio measured in the SVC. At control sinus rate (net), total forward flow as 6.3 ml/beat with a systolic volume of 6.5 ml and a diastolic volume of -0.2 ml. At the slowest bradycardia, total forward flow had increased by 25%. Since there was no significant change in the systolic volume, the entire 25% increase in forward flow occurred during ventricular diastole. During atrioventricular (AV) block (second-degree or complete), achieved by selective perfusion of eserine into the AV node artery, unimpaired acceleration of flow was readily demonstrable in the SVC even in the absence of ventricular contraction. Thus systolic ventricular suction (vis a fronte) has little or no effect on right atrial filling. During high-degree AV block, the normal atrial contraction readily opened the tricuspid valve, and when both atrium and ventricle were filled to or near maximum capacity, atrial contraction was consistently vigorous enough to propel blood into the pulmonary artery. Given appropriate hemodynamic circumstances, these results confirm the remarkable effectiveness of right atrial contractile performance. PMID- 7278336 TI - Modified technique for correction of tricuspid atresia. AB - This study presents a new technique for correction of tricuspid atresia. All 13 patients operated upon had the same form of the anomaly, with the great arteries normally related. The principle is to conserve the pulmonary valve and anulus of the patient in its anatomic position and to exclude the hypoplastic right ventricle. Because there is no need for closing the ventricular septal defect, the risk of heart block and residual left-to-right shunts is avoided. Deaths are related to questionable indications for two patients and to a bilateral pneumothorax for the third one. The long-term follow-up (5 years for the first patient) shows good results for the 10 survivors. Six of them are in Class 1 of the New York Heart Association and four are in Class II. PMID- 7278337 TI - PTFE graft for interrupted aortic arch. PMID- 7278338 TI - Preparation of saphenous veins for bypass grafting. PMID- 7278339 TI - St. Jude Medical valve prosthesis. PMID- 7278340 TI - Flail chest. PMID- 7278341 TI - Automatic defibrillation in man. The initial surgical experience. AB - The automatic implantable defibrillator is an electronic device designed to detect and promptly correct malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Nineteen patients, all survivors of multiple cardiac arrests because of ventricular arrhythmias unresponsive to therapy, have undergone implantation of the automatic defibrillator. In seven patients who had had a previous cardiac operation, implantation was performed through a left lateral thoracotomy. A median sternotomy was used in five patients without a previous operation. In six patients cardiac procedures were performed concomitantly with defibrillator implantation. There were no operative deaths. The average follow-up is 6 months, the longest being 14 months. Following implantation, 47 episodes of malignant ventricular arrhythmias were documented. Twenty-six occurred spontaneously (17 of them outside the hospital); all were corrected with a single 25 joule pulse. Seventeen of 21 arrhythmias induced postoperatively were terminated. Although further validation is required, this study demonstrates that the automatic defibrillator is capable of diagnosing and terminating potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Finally, implantation can be safely accomplished in an exceedingly high risk population. PMID- 7278342 TI - Primary definitive repair of type B interrupted aortic arch, ventricular septal defect, and patient ductus arteriosus. Early and late results. AB - Since March, 1974, eight patients, aged 7 days to 5 months, with type B interrupted aortic arch (IAA), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were treated at the Columbus-Presbyterian Medical Center and the University of Maryland Hospital. Six of these patients underwent definitive repair utilizing deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Correction involved resection of all ductal tissue, primary anastomosis of the aortic arch, closure of the foramen ovale, and patch closure of the VSD. In five patients, all arch vessels were preserved and no prosthetic material was used to reconstruct the aortic arch. One patient died 48 hours postoperatively of a coagulopathy. All others survived more than 30 days. One patient, 3 1/2 months old at repair, had undergone pulmonary artery banding at another institution at 11 days of age; he died of recurrent respiratory infections 8 months after correction. Three patients are alive and well 3 to 6 years after repair. Two have undergone repeat cardiac catheterization which demonstrated good growth of the anastomosis and no residual gradient. Primary definitive correction of type B IAA with VSD and PDA provides distinct advantages over palliative or other surgical procedures with excellent long-term results. PMID- 7278343 TI - Should coronary arteries with less than fifty percent stenosis be bypassed? PMID- 7278344 TI - In vitro assessment of antineoplastic therapy. New indication for thoracotomy? AB - Selection and determination of the efficacy of antineoplastic agents has been dependent upon the trial and error method of observing measurable disease. Such methods subject the patient not only to loss of precious time but to needless toxicity if the drug is ineffective. The clonogenic assay, an in vitro assessment of tumor cell sensitivity to antineoplastic agents, has the potential for individualizing therapy. In this assay, tumor cells exposed to various drugs are cloned in soft agar. In the 16 primary and 24 metastatic pulmonary tumors tested with this technique, a growth rate of 80% was achieved. Fifty-five percent of the primary tumors and 60% of the metastatic lesions responded in vitro to one or more of the test drugs. There were twelve possible correlations between in vitro and in vivo results. In four of 12 assays, in vivo sensitivity was predicted and three of four patients demonstrated a clinical response. No drug that was inactive in vitro had activity in vivo. Prior knowledge of in vitro sensitivity may dictate a more aggressive surgical approach to pulmonary metastatic disease, whereas in vitro resistance would call for more conservative treatment. Just as with estrogen receptor status in breast cancer, data derived from the clonogenic assay may ultimately be of such import that thoracotomy would be warranted solely for the purpose of obtaining tissue for the assay. PMID- 7278345 TI - New technique for one-lung anesthesia using an endobronchial blocker. AB - A method for one-lung anesthesia has been developed in which an 8-14 Fogarty occlusion catheter is used to produce endobronchial blockade. The method is quick, simple, and reliable. It eliminates most of the problems which occur with the standard technique of using a double-lumen cuffed endotracheal tube. No significant problems have been encountered in over 200 thoracotomies. The method used is so simple and effective that I also employ it for pleuroscopy and anterior mediastinotomy. PMID- 7278346 TI - Relationship of a hiatal hernia to the function of the body of the esophagus and the gastroesophageal junction. AB - One hundred two patients referred to our Esophageal Function Laboratory without endoscopic evidence of esophagitis were divided into two groups on the basis of the presence of a hiatal hernia on endoscopic examination. Fifty-three patients had a hiatal hernia and 49 did not. Both groups and 30 normal volunteer subjects had esophageal manometry and 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring. The incompetency of the cardia in patients with a hiatal hernia was dependent upon loss of components responsible for the antireflux mechanism, mainly a decrease in distal esophageal sphincter pressure and a decrease in the length of the sphincter exposed to the positive-pressure environment of the abdomen. These deficiencies were not related to the presence of a hiatal hernia and were similar to those of patients with an incompetent cardia without a hiatal hernia. Patients with a hiatal hernia and an incompetent cardia had significantly more esophageal exposure to refluxed acid than without a hiatal hernia. On the basis of the number of reflux episodes that lasted 5 minutes or longer and radioisotope transit studies, this increased acid exposure was due to both a loss of competency of the cardia and poor esophageal clearance secondary to the presence of a hiatal hernia. Reduction of the hernia and anchoring the distal esophagus into the abdomen not only may improve the antireflux mechanism, but corrects the clearance abnormality as well. The presence of a hiatal hernia has a detrimental effect on the clearance function of the body of the esophagus and may aggravate the effects of gastroesophageal reflux due to an incompetent cardia. PMID- 7278347 TI - Use of the silicone tracheal T-tube for the management of complex tracheal injuries. AB - This paper reports on the use of the silicone Montgomery T-tube for the management of 18 patients with complex tracheal injuries. Our use of the tube was as follows: prior to definitive resection, as a better alternative to tracheostomy tube, while we were awaiting the most appropriate time for resection; at the time of resection, as an adjunct to segmental subglottic resection, used to stent residual abnormal laryngeal mucosa: following tracheal resection for uncertain or unsatisfactory healing: as sole treatment, when resection was deemed unsuitable or inappropriate. When stenting the high region, the upper limb of the T-tube can be brought through the vocal cords with preservation of a functional voice and without injury to the vocal cords even with prolonged use. In contrast to a tracheostomy tube, the T-tube provides respiration through the the nasopharynx, so that humidification and phonation are maintained. It is generally trouble free, requires little if any maintenance, and can remain in place for a year or more when necessary. PMID- 7278348 TI - Surgical treatment of pulmonary hydatidosis. AB - Thirteen years' experience with the surgical treatment of hydatid cystic disease of the lung is analyzed. An unselected series of 149 consecutive patients is reviewed. The preoperative diagnosis was exact in 98% of the cases, our conclusions being based primarily upon radiologic findings. The procedures used were puncture-aspiration with the trocar-suction cup in 139 cases, enucleation in four, wedge resection in two, segmentectomy in one, and lobectomy in three. In 19 cases, capitonnage of the residual cavity was performed: in the rest, partial resection of the pericystic membrane was performed, everting the cavity toward the pleura and using a high negative pressure vacuum through the thoracic drainage tubes. The early mortality was 1%. The persistence of a residual cavity was five times more frequent in those cases in which capitonnage was performed. The recurrence rate of the disease after an average follow-up of 37.5 months per patient was 0% in patients with an unruptured cyst and 9.3% in those in whom the cyst had ruptured prior to operation. As a whole, the percentage of morbidity and mortality in the short and long terms in this series is superior to those quoted in the literature, where other procedures were used. PMID- 7278351 TI - Tandem coarctation of the thoracic aorta. An unusual congenital anomaly. AB - The coarctation involving the aortic isthmus, with hypoplasia of the upper aortic segment, was satisfactorily repaired in a 15-year-old girl. The technique used was subclavian flap arterioplasty followed by reimplantation of the distal subclavian artery into the left carotid artery. Suprisingly weak femoral pulses were noted postoperatively and prompted a control angiogram. This showed an intraluminal diaphragm 2 cm below the site of the previous repair, with a 100 mm Hg gradient. At reoperation, a centrally performed fibrous diaphragm was excised, and the aorta was enlarged with a small Dacron patch. The postoperative course was uneventful. PMID- 7278350 TI - Surgical treatment of constrictive fibrous endocarditis. AB - Between 1971 and 1980, 20 patients with fibrous endocarditis were treated by resection of ventricular endocardium and replacement of the atrioventricular valve. There were 13 male and seven female patients whose ages ranged between 12 and 58 years. Thirteen were white and the remaining seven were black Africans. Nine presented a right-sided form, five a left-sided one, and six presented involvement of both ventricles. The role of hypereosinophilia is discussed in the etiology of the disease. The operation was performed according to the techniques we had developed in our first operative case-excision of the atrioventricular valve. Complete resection of the endocardium, and valvular replacement. There were three operative deaths. Complete atrioventricular dissociation was observed in seven of our patients. particularly in those with right-sided endocarditis. At late follow-up, we have not observed any case of recurrence of the disease. On the basis of our experience and the results previously published in the literature, we believe that endocardiectomy is the best current treatment of this disease. PMID- 7278349 TI - Surgical management of acute dissections involving the ascending aorta. Early and late results in 38 patients. AB - Thirty-eight patients (32 men and six women, mean age 48.1 years) were operated upon for acute dissection involving the ascending aorta. The surgical procedure included multiple peripheral arterial cannulations, resection of the initial intimal tear if found (35 cases), and obliteration of the false channel by double cuffing with Teflon of the two layers of the dissecting process proximally and distally. When present (29 cases), aortic regurgitation was usually (21 cases) managed by conservative remodeling of the aortic anulus; 34 prosthetic replacements of the ascending aorta and four replacements of the arch were achieved. The operative mortality was 7.9% (3138) and the overall hospital mortality was 23.7% (9138). Nonfatal complications occurred in 11 patients (29%). There were three late deaths (10.3%). Mean follow-up was 3.4 years (2 months to 8 years, 8 months). Twenty-three (88.5%) of the 26 patients were asymptomatic. Contrast tomodensitometry was performed in 14 patients; in type II (two patients), the aorta was normal; in type I (12 patients), residual abnormalities were noted: patency of the false channel (10 cases), aneurysmal dilatation (seven cases), and reduction of the true lumen by the false channel (four cases). These results emphasize the need for scrupulous long-term follow-up in surgically treated aortic dissections. PMID- 7278352 TI - Mural thrombosis of the left atrium following replacement of the mitral valve. AB - The nature and incidence of postoperative mural thrombosis of the septal and/or posterior walls of the left atrium were studied in autopsy specimens of hearts from patients in whom the mitral valve had been replaced by a prosthesis 1 day or longer before death. The cases were divided into length of postoperative period as follows; Group I, 1 to 60 days, 57 cases; Group II, 61 days or longer, 36 cases. In Group I mural thrombus of the septal and/or posterior walls of the left atrium was found in 35 of 57 patients (61%). Thrombi against the septal wall tended to be broad and flat. Thrombi involving the posterior wall tended to be multifocal. In Group II, lesions interpreted as old thrombi of the atrial septum were found in 23 of 36 subjects (64%). Grossly, the old lesions were represented by gray nodularity. Histologically such lesions were consistent with organized thrombi. Superimposed recent thrombosis occurred in some cases. Systemic embolism occurred in each group. In the cases in which left-sided thrombi were restricted to the septal and/or posterior walls of the left atrium, systemic embolism was observed in 10 of 23 cases in Group I (43%) and in two of seven cases in Group II (29%). Obstruction of the mitral prosthesis by bulky mural thrombosis originating at the septal wall of the left atrium was observed in one case. The study suggests that the process of postoperative mural thrombosis of the septal and posterior walls of the left atrium may result from trauma to these structures during the operative procedure. PMID- 7278354 TI - Influence of a critical coronary artery stenosis on myocardial protection through cold potassium cardioplegia. PMID- 7278353 TI - Hemodynamic function of the Hancock standard orifice aortic valve bioprosthesis. AB - Reports that the hemodynamic performance of the standard orifice aortic bioprosthesis in less than optimal have prompted recommendations that mechanical prosthesis or anulus-enlarging procedures be used in adult patients with a small aortic root. The hemodynamic function of the Hancock bioprosthesis was evaluated in 77 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization of rest and with isoproterenol infusion (15 patients) an average of 6 months after operation. The average peak systolic gradient (basal conditions) was 7 mm Hg (range 0 to 37 mm Hg); 35 patients had no resting gradient. Fifteen patients received 21 mm diameter valves and had an average systolic valve gradient of 10 mm Hg (range 0 to 30 mm Hg); the average effective valve orifice area was 1.27 +/- 0.17 cm2 for 21 mm, 1.46 +/- 0.11 cm2 for 23 mm, 1.72 +/- k0.20 cm2 for 25 mm, and 1.97 +/- 0.06 for 27 mm bioprostheses. Isoproterenol infusion, elevating cardiac output 66%, increased the peak systolic gradient from an average of 11 mm Hg (range 0 to 37 mm Hg) to 44 mm Hg (range 10 to 85 mm Hg). It is concluded that small-diameter (21 and 23 mm) Hancock bioprostheses can be used with acceptable clinical and hemodynamic function in patients with a small body surface area. PMID- 7278356 TI - Anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries. AB - A new technique of anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect is presented. The procedure described, which avoids the use of a prosthetic conduit in the reconstruction of the pulmonary outflow tract, has been used in nine consecutive patients. Six remain alive and well 4 to 24 months postoperatively. Details and illustrations of the technique utilized are presented. Avoiding the use of a prosthetic conduit in the procedure re-established the basic appeal of arterial correction of transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect. PMID- 7278357 TI - Surgical repair of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries: a different approach. PMID- 7278355 TI - Lung function in tetralogy of Fallot after intracardiac repair. AB - Earlier studies have shown significant restrictive lung volume patterns in virtually all patients after shunt palliation and/or subsequent intracardiac repair (ICR) of tetralogy of Fallot. We have studied lung volumes and capacities, maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and maximum mid-expiratory flow (MEF[25-75]) at least 1 year after ICR in 123 patients, 91 males and 32 females, which included 54 who underwent primary ICR. All were evaluated by stress testing and 61 were studied serially from two to eight times at 12 to 18 months intervals. In contrast to the previous studies, we found a lower incidence and lesser degrees of restrictive lung volume patterns. Lung volumes may be entirely normal particularly after primary ICR but also when ICR is preceded by shunt palliation. After reoperation for ICR normal lung volumes are uncommon. These is a high correlation between abnormal lung volumes and poor surgical results of ICR as manifested by residual cardiac disease, notably pulmonic valve insufficiency and increased heart size. In primary repair we found no correlation between the presence of abnormal lung volumes and the age at ICR (range 1.87 to 15.4 years). Abnormal lung volumes correlate with reduced exercise performance, but the latter is limited by cardiovascular rather than pulmonary factors. Serial studies show stable lung volume patterns with time, and we found no evidence that the increased level of physical activity usually present after ICR results in increases of lung volumes in excess of those predicted from somatic growth. We conclude that an excellent surgical repair of tetralogy is the best guarantee against a significant restrictive lung volume pattern after repair. PMID- 7278359 TI - Repair of coarctation in the neonate. PMID- 7278358 TI - Air embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7278360 TI - Surgical intervention in infants with isolated coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 7278361 TI - Surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 7278362 TI - Hemodilution with stroma-free hemoglobin solution. PMID- 7278363 TI - Advantages of the triangularis sterni muscle of the mouse for investigations of synaptic phenomena. AB - The triangularis sterni muscle (TS) of the mouse is a thin trapezoidal sheet of fibres in which individual neuromuscular junctions are easily observed with Nomarski optics. Thus, microelectrodes are readily positioned to accurately record various synaptic phenomena. For example, miniature end-plate currents were easily recorded with a focally positioned extracellular electrode and the end plate sensitivity to acetylcholine averaged 2062 mV/nC. In addition, the intercostal nerves segmentally innervate the TS. Electrophysiologic and histologic analysis showed that each nerve innervates a sharply defined territory of the muscle surface. These preliminary observations suggest that the TS may be ideal for studies of synaptic function and the processes underlying synapse stabilization in the mammal. PMID- 7278364 TI - Methionine-enkephalin and morphine: amount ejected microiontophoretically. AB - The microiontophoretic transport numbers of Met-enkephalin and morphine were determined by ejecting the tritiated compounds from both 5-barrel and 7-barrel micro-pipettes into a small volume of 0.9% NaCl, using a series of ejection currents and various timed durations. The transport number of Met-enkephalin was 2-4 times less than that for morphine in 5- and 7-barrel pipettes. The transport numbers of both drugs in 5-barrel pipettes were significantly greater than those in 7-barrel pipettes. These results indicate the need for caution in comparing the data derived from different studies that use microiontophoresis. The transport numbers for morphine and Met-enkephalin were used to compare the effects of these agents on neuronal firing. PMID- 7278366 TI - A simple chamber for recording from submerged brain slices. PMID- 7278365 TI - A method for the study of the spatial distribution of the neuronal dendritic tree using a universal stage. AB - The use of a microscope equipped with a universal stage with 4 rotation axes, drawing tube and photographic system for the 3-dimensional study of neuronal morphology is considered. Two-dimensional projections of the neuronal tree are obtained by rotating the stage, and the application of coordinate transformations results in 3-dimensional mapping of neuronal topography. Algorithms used for these transformations are presented and the method applied to Golgi-impregnated neurons of the cerebral cortex of adult lizards. The advantages, limitations and sources of error of this method are discussed. PMID- 7278367 TI - Measurement of the electrotonic length constant in cultured muscle fibres. AB - The measurement of passive electrical membrane properties in cultured muscle cells is complicated by the fact that the electrotonic length in these cells often exceeds their actual length, leading to serious deviations from the simple infinite cable behaviour. By using very short current pulses for these measurements and integrating the responses, the cells can be made to behave as infinite cables. PMID- 7278368 TI - A simple operative technique for chronically severing te cerebellar peduncles in neonatal rats. AB - The method of anaesthesia and a new operative approach to allow chronic cutting of the cerebellar peduncles in neonatal rats by a relatively atraumatic method is described in detail. The operation allows a very quick postoperative recovery time, does not cause necrosis of the cerebellum, allows choice of partial or complete pedunclectomy, and there is no incidence of infection. A postoperative regime which has yielded a very low incidence of savaging by the mother is also discussed. PMID- 7278369 TI - An olfactometric cage suitable for short duration stimulations of unrestrained small animals. AB - An olfactometric cage was constructed in order to perform experiments on olfactory perception in unrestrained rats. Olfactory stimuli were measured with a flame ionization detector (FID). A cylindrical cage was divided into 2 compartments, an upper expansion chamber (B) and a lower stimulation chamber (A) with a perforated metal plate. Before entering B, the odours were diluted with purified air in a mixing chamber. The odorized air was then delivered to a small chamber on top of the cage and distributed by a thin slit surrounding B. A homogeneous distribution of holes in the metal plate provided a laminar flow characterized by a parabolic front. This flow was suitable for long duration exposures of animals of odours. However, for short stimulations (10 sec), variations of amplitude and delay were observed in the horizontal plane of the olfactometric cage. To flatten this parabolic front a new distribution of holes was calculated. A partially turbulent air flow was obtained in A. creating some fluctuations in the time-course of stimulations. However, the amplitude and the delay of the signals were reasonably constant in all parts of the cage floor. It is possible to use this apparatus for other purposes than those originally intended, e.g. behavioural studies. PMID- 7278370 TI - Atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance (corrected transposition of the great arteries). Wide-angle two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of ventricular morphology. AB - Wide-angle two-dimensional echocardiography was used to establish criteria for recognition of ventricular situs and ventricular morphology in 27 patients (ages 2 month to 58 years) with atrioventricular amd ventriculoarterial discordance (corrected transposition of the great arteries). The morphologic left ventricle was recognized by the presence of an atrioventricular valve that was attached more superiorly along the ventricular septum than the other atrioventricular valve, that had a fish-mouth (bicommissural) appearance in diastole, and that had two discrete papillary muscles; by a ventricle with a finely trabecular pattern and ellipsoid shape; and by the presence of direct continuity between the atrioventricular and semilunar valves. The morphologic right ventricle was recognized by the presence of an atrioventricular valve that was attached more inferiorly along the ventricular septum, that had a triangular (tricommissural) appearance, and that had multiple irregular papillary muscles; by a ventricle with a coarsely trabecular pattern and a triangular or crescentic shape, and by the presence of muscular atrioventricular-semilunar valve discontinuity. Using these criteria, ventricular situs and morphology could be reliably determined by noninvasive two-dimensional echocardiography. In addition, two-dimensional echocardiography allowed the recognition of frequently associated anomalies. In this series, two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated Ebsteins's malformation of the left atrioventricular valve in four patients and a straddling atrioventricular valve in eight (one right-sided, seven left-sided. PMID- 7278372 TI - The widely versatile vertical dermal pedicle in breast surgery. PMID- 7278371 TI - Radical pancreatoduodenectomy--a procedure to be abandoned? AB - Radical pancreatoduodenectomy, or Whipple's procedure, has gradually fallen into disrepute during the past decade. This loss of popularity has resulted from excessive postoperative mortality and morbidity due to inherent technical difficulties, the dismal long-term survival when the procedure is done for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, and the current enthusiasm for total pancreatectomy. Our objective was to assess the technical aspects of the Whipple procedure as they relate to subsequent morbidity and mortality. Conclusions are drawn from the evaluation of 146 consecutive patients who underwent this procedure between 1970 and 1979 for either benign (10 patients) or malignant (136 patients) diseases of the pancreas and periampullary region. The postoperative mortality was 4.1%. Significant morbidity occurred in 34% of patients, and early reoperation was required in 7.5% of these patients. The median postoperative hospital stay was 19 days. The relatively low postoperative mortality indicates that inherent technical difficulties of the Whipple procedure can be overcome and supports its continued use in carefully selected patients. The persistent high morbidity and the rather poor long-term results following treatment of certain pancreatic malignancies place individual surgical judgment and technical expertise at a premium when ever this classic operation is contemplated. PMID- 7278373 TI - Management of spasticity in spinal cord injury. AB - Spasticity may be a major obstacle to rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury. It may cause discomfort, interfere with existing functions, or result in additional complications. Many techniques-physical, chemical, and surgical- exist for modulation of spasticity. Prevention of nociception and establishment of an effective daily stretching program are the foundation on which all other managements are based. Antispasticity medications may be added: benzodiazepines, dantrolene sodium, and baclofen are effective in selected patients. Motor point blocks may partially dampen spasticity in selected muscles of some patients. Chemical and surgical neurolytic procedures are used if the first two tiers of management are inadequate. Each technique can be rationally applied by use of a pyramidal management system. PMID- 7278374 TI - Cardiac papillary fibroelastomas. Two-dimensional echocardiographic recognition. AB - Papillary fibroelastomas are benign tumors of the heart and are most often incidental findings at cardiac surgery or autopsy. Rarely, symptoms or even sudden death can occur. We report two cases of cardiac papillary tumors diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography and successfully excised. One patient was asymptomatic and had a 1-by 1-cm papilloma of the mitral valve. The other patient had intermittent chest pains and diaphoresis associated with a 1.5- by 1-cm aortic valve papilloma. PMID- 7278375 TI - 10. Normal values. PMID- 7278376 TI - Monoclonal antibodies: the next attempt at tumor immunotherapy. PMID- 7278377 TI - Blood component therapy: granulocyte and platelet transfusion. PMID- 7278378 TI - The relationship of weight-loss to blood pressure in the obese, hypertensive adolescent. PMID- 7278380 TI - Trials and tribulations of a Baltimore jailer. PMID- 7278379 TI - The treatment of drooling in the child with cerebral palsy. PMID- 7278381 TI - The principles and practices of medical hypnosis. PMID- 7278382 TI - Neurologic complications in vertebral paget disease. PMID- 7278383 TI - National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement-CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen): its role as a marker in the management of cancer. PMID- 7278384 TI - Jason retrieves the Golden Fleece or, a psychiatrist's excursion into general medicine or, how i ordered the captain off his ship. PMID- 7278386 TI - Doctor, you are missing the diagnosis of 10% of your patients. Why? A checklist for your convenience--suspect alcoholism. PMID- 7278385 TI - An interview with Faculty Librarian Joseph E. Jensen. PMID- 7278387 TI - Upper extremity replantation. PMID- 7278388 TI - The Faculty's 121st president: Albert M. Antlitz, MD/profile-interview. PMID- 7278389 TI - One minute with diabetes. PMID- 7278390 TI - Variations in the stromal cell population of human bone marrow during aging. AB - Age-related variations in the stromal cell population of human bone marrow were studied by means of a cloning assay. It was found that these cells are heterogeneous both in division capacity and in morphology. Fibroblast-like progenitor cells could be distinguished from epithelial-like cells, having only a very limited division potential. A significant inverse correlation between the donor age and the number of progenitor cells could be demonstrated. This loss of progenitor cells during aging was compensated by an increase in the number of epithelial-like cells. PMID- 7278391 TI - Senescence in vitro and ionising radiations--the human diploid fibroblast model. AB - The influence of ionising radiations on ageing is still controversial. Since Hayflick established the concept that diploid cells have finite lifespan in vitro, human diploid fibroblast (HDF) cultures have been recognised as a potent experimental model for cyto--gerontological investigations. In this study HDF cultures in phase II were exposed to acute irradiation with either X-rays or fast neutrons. The replicative potentials and labelling indices with [3H]thymidine were measured post irradiation until the cultures ceased growth in phase III. Cell mortality was measured by cloning. The apparent loss in replicative potential of irradiated mass cultures was wholly attributable to the loss of viable clonogenic cells. The current concept of precocious clonal senescence in vitro as a late effect of irradiation in clonogenic survivors is not supported by the present experiments. Instead, our results suggest that exposure to a single dose of ionising radiations either causes total replicative incapacitation (killing) of HDF cells and their progeny early after irradiation or leaves their replicative potentials unperturbed. PMID- 7278392 TI - Multihormonal control of enzyme clusters in rat liver ontogenesis. I. Effects of adrenalectomy and gonadectomy. AB - The role of glucocorticosteroid hormones in the developmental formation of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, ornithine transcarbamoylase, arginase, glutamate dehydrogenase, tyrosine aminotransferase, glucose-6-phosphatase, hexokinase and glucokinase activities in rat liver was investigated. Steroid hormone producing glands were either inactivated by hypophysectomy (before birth) or removed by adrenalectomy and/or gonadectomy (after birth). These procedures strongly depressed corticosterone levels. Furthermore, they decreased enzyme activities when performed before birth or after the second postnatal week. However, adrenalectomy at 1 week of age was less effective: the developmental increases in carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, ornithine transcarbamoylase, arginase, tyrosine aminotransferase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity persisted despite the absence of increasing levels of circulating corticosterone. PMID- 7278393 TI - Decrease of carbohydrate in membrane glycoproteins during human erythrocyte ageing in vivo. AB - Membrane glycoproteins from young human erythrocytes and erythrocytes aged in vivo were fractionated by gel filtration. Three major groups of glycoproteins were obtained. The neutral hexoses and sialic acid contents of each group of glycoproteins from the old cells were found to be significantly reduced by comparison to the values found in the glycoproteins of the young cells. Thus, the previously observed decrease in neutral hexoses and in sialic acid contents of the full erythrocyte membrane during in vivo ageing does not affect only one particular group of glycoproteins but each of the groups of glycoproteins tested, including the major glycoproteins of the erythrocyte membrane, that is to say glycophorins. It is shown in addition, that the previously observed decrease per cell of the surface galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine residues of the ageing erythrocyte affect several groups of membrane glycoproteins including band 3, PAS 1, PAS-4 and PAS-3. The physiological significance of these experimental data is discussed. PMID- 7278394 TI - Ageing and the fusion sensitivity potential of human cells in culture: relation to tissue origin, donor age, and in vitro culture level and condition. AB - Cell fusion was induced by inactivated Sendai virus in different human diploid cell lines. These were derived from the kidney, lung or skin originating from embryos or adult donors and representing predominantly epithelioid cells (kidney) and fibroblastic cells (lung and skin). The fusion sensitivity (FS) potentials of these cell lines were determined and related to various aspects of cell ageing. In case of the fibroblastic lines, an inverse relation was demonstrated both to the culture age in vitro and to the donor age. The FS potential of embryonal fibroblasts decreased some 40-50% during the in vitro cultivation. In comparison to exponentially growing fibroblasts, the FS potentials were higher in cells in the stationary phase of growth. This was shown to correlate well with the fact that the life-span in calendar time also increased in cultures predominantly grown in the stationary phase. In the case of the kidney cells, the FS potentials were some 50% higher than those of fibroblasts. Since the cellular manifestation of the FS potential most likely primarily resides in the cell membrane cytoskeleton structure, the results emphasize the importance of this system in relation to ageing. PMID- 7278395 TI - Nucleolar changes in aging and autogamous Paramecium tetraurelia. AB - A significant loss in nucleolar volume density (proportion of nuclear volume occupied by nucleoli) occurs in the macronucleus as clonal age increases, which suggests an age-correlated loss of ribosomal RNA synthesizing capacity. In the macronuclear fragments of cells undergoing autogamy, however, a significant gain in nucleolar volume density takes place. PMID- 7278396 TI - Aging of the erythrocyte. IX. Fluorescence studies on changes in membrane properties. AB - Fluorescence studies of membranes prepared from density-separated red blood cells demonstrated an increase in lipid viscosity (judging from fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and 1-aminonaphthalene-8-sulfonate and changes in the physical state of proteins (judging from tryptophan fluorescence intensity and polarization). These alterations may be partly due to lipid peroxidation. In vivo accumulation of products of this process in the membranes was confirmed. Changes were also found in the distribution pattern of cell populations of different mean age in a cell sorter, probably due to alterations in rheological properties of the erythrocytes. PMID- 7278397 TI - The effects of age on the metabolic and electrical responses to decapitation in the awake and the anesthetized rat brain. AB - The effects of age on the responses of the brain to decapitation (complete ischemia) were tested in the awake and anesthetized rat. The metabolic and reflected light activities were evaluated by the use of a DC fluorometer/reflectometer (one or two hemispheres) and the electrical activity was measured by electrocorticogram. In all 81 animals used in these experiments the above-mentioned parameters were measured, to enable comparison between the age groups. The rats were divided into six age groups ranging from 2 to 120 weeks and each age group was subdivided into awake and anesthetized animals. The results can be summarized as follows. (1) The rate of energy consumption was lower in the young (2 weeks) and the old rats (120 weeks) compared to the adult rats. (2) The effect of anesthetic was more pronounced in the young and the old rats than in the adult rats. (3) The electrical activity was in good correlation with the energy availability in all animals of various ages as well as in the awake and anesthetized rats. PMID- 7278398 TI - On processing of Doppler returns from the foetal heart: an electronic processing method for extraction of valvular timing information. PMID- 7278400 TI - Microcomputer-based myocardial contractility measuring system. PMID- 7278399 TI - Forward and inverse high-frequency electrocardiography. PMID- 7278402 TI - Measuring hand-grip force, using a new application of strain gauges. PMID- 7278401 TI - A quasi Maxwellian-view stimulator and ophthalmoscope with fibre optics. PMID- 7278403 TI - A window amplitude discriminator which reproduces the waveforms of accepted action potentials. PMID- 7278404 TI - Real-time calculation of ultrasonic pulsatility index. PMID- 7278406 TI - Traceable calibration of a cardiac defibrillator energy meter. PMID- 7278405 TI - A new approach to noninvasive manometry: interaction between ultrasound and bubbles. PMID- 7278407 TI - Bioelectric characteristics of unstressed in vivo bone. PMID- 7278408 TI - Biomechanical basis for recommendation of transurethral sphincterotomy in spinal cord-injury patients with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. PMID- 7278409 TI - An electrical impedance technique for recording oviductal and uterine activity. PMID- 7278411 TI - Three beat-to-beat cardiotachometer designs. PMID- 7278410 TI - Rotatable raster generator for visual research. PMID- 7278414 TI - A heterodyne ultrasound blood velocity meter. PMID- 7278412 TI - The effect of the skin friction on the solution of the one-dimensional equations of pulsatile flow in distensible tubes. PMID- 7278413 TI - Descriptors of the rhythmicity in respiration and heart beat of newborn infants. PMID- 7278415 TI - Analysis of the coupling of electromagnetic interference to unipolar cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 7278416 TI - The Sickness Impact Profile: development and final revision of a health status measure. AB - The final development of the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), a behaviorally based measure of health status, is presented. A large field trial on a random sample of prepaid group practice enrollees and smaller trials on samples of patients with hyperthyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis and hip replacements were undertaken to assess reliability and validity of the SIP and provide data for category and item analyses. Test-retest reliability (r = 0.92) and internal consistency (r - 0.94) were high. Convergent and discriminant validity was evaluated using the multitrait--multimethod technique. Clinical validity was assessed by determining the relationship between clinical measures of disease and the SIP scores. The relationship between the SIP and criterion measures were moderate to high and in the direction hypothesized. A technique for describing and assessing similarities and differences among groups was developed using profile and pattern analysis. The final SIP contains 136 items in 12 categories. Overall, category, and dimension scores may be calculated. PMID- 7278417 TI - The Duke-UNC Health Profile: an adult health status instrument for primary care. AB - The Duke--UNC Health Profile (DUHP) was developed as a brief 63-item instrument designed to measure adult health status in the primary care setting along four dimensions: symptom status, physical function, emotional function and social function. Reliability and validity were tested on a group of 395 ambulatory patients in a family medicine center. Temporal stability Spearman correlations ranged from 0.52 to 0.82 for the four dimensions. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency was 0.85 for emotional function. Guttman's reproducibility coefficients were 0.98 for physical function and 0.93 for social function, and the scalability coefficients were 0.89 for physical and 0.71 for social. Observed relationships between DUHP scores and demographic characteristics of the respondents correlated well with those predicted by the investigators (overall Spearman correlation 0.79). Convergent and discriminant validity was supported by strong associations between components of DUHP and those on the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (Tennessee), and the Zung Self Rating Depression Scale (Zung). DUHP with SIP monocomponent-heteromethod Spearman correlations ranged from 0.34 to 0.45, and those for DUHP with Tennessee ranged from 0.68 to 0.81. DUHP with Zung monoitem--heteromethod correlations ranged from 0.54 to 0.57. It is concluded that this evidence supports the reliability and validity of the DUHP as an instrument suitable for studying the impact of primary health care on the health outcomes of patients. PMID- 7278418 TI - Sources of assessment of physician performance: a study of comparative reliability and patterns of intercorrelation. AB - The technical and the interpersonal skills of resident physicians in four separate samples were examined with subjective performance evaluations from four different sources: attending physicians, peers, patients and the residents themselves. Residents were from programs in internal medicine, family practice and general surgery. The reliabilities of measures from all four sources were found to be substantial, suggesting the potential usefulness of these sources of physician evaluation. Ratings or technical and interpersonal skill were found to be highly intercorrelated within each source. Reasons for this high degree of overlap are discussed. Finally, the ratings from the four sources were found to be fairly independent, indicating that they provide relatively separate measures of physician performance. The implications of these findings for medical care, education and research are considered. PMID- 7278419 TI - The case-control method in medical care evaluation. PMID- 7278420 TI - [Perinephritic abscesses: a review of 50 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Accumulation of pus in the perinephritic cavity often gives rise to doubtful clinical manifestations, which hinder and delay prompt diagnosis of this severe process. The clinical, biological, radiological and therapeutic characteristics of 50 cases are reviewed; all were confirmed by either surgery or necropsy. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever, lumbar pain and signs of localized inflammation. Biological data showed ESR elevation and left shift of leukocytes as the most constant finding. Pyelograms were abnormal in 90% with blurring of the psoas and contour of the kidney the most frequent finding. Gram negative organisms were frequently isolated, with staphylococci accounting for 10%. Only surgical treatment had a definite effect on evolution. The mortality rate was high, due to incorrect or delayed diagnosis. PMID- 7278421 TI - [The role of liver biopsy in the study of patients with fever of unknown origin (author's transl)]. AB - Of 25 patients undergoing percutaneous liver biopsy during the study of fever of unknown origin, the histologic examination provided useful diagnostic information in the nine cases (36 %). The liver biopsy had no diagnostic utility in the remaining 16 patients, half of whom had spontaneous resolution of the fever without a diagnosis being established. Liver enlargement or altered liver function tests were more frequent in the group of patients with a diagnostic liver biopsy, but they had no predictive value as it regards finding morphological changes of diagnostic interest. It is concluded that liver biopsy is an useful procedure in the study of patients with fever of unknown origin. PMID- 7278423 TI - [Before or after meals?]. PMID- 7278424 TI - [Pneumothorax and lung cancer]. PMID- 7278422 TI - [Acute hypertension and sustained arterial hypertension after unilateral intracranial lesion or section of the glossopharyngeus (author's transl)]. AB - Some inflammatory processes of the 9th cranial nerve may provoke disturbances of the autonomic nervous system, with parasympathetic irritation. A unilateral intracranial lesion or section of the glossopharyngeus may produce adverse reactions such as sinus tachycardia and transitory hypertension, due to a cut-off in physiological feedback. The two cases presented developed acute hypertension after either lesion or section of the 9th cranial nerve. In one case the hypertension was of a few days duration only, while the second was rather unusual in that it was sustained over a four-month period. The physiopathologic mechanisms are described as well as the favorable response to treatment with drugs. The hypothesis that arterial hypertension is caused by an over-stimulation of the beta-adrenergic system, in particular in its effect on cardiac output is, at least in part, supported by the favorable response to propranolol. In order to either confirm or discard this hypothesis, the measurement of cardiac output in successive patients after lesion or section of the glossopharyngeus is considered to be of special interest. PMID- 7278425 TI - [Fatal hypoglycemia in a case of paraquat poisoning]. PMID- 7278428 TI - Symposium on prostaglandins in health and disease. PMID- 7278426 TI - [Intracerebral hematoma: clinical and prognostic correlations (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-eight patients with intracranial hematomas are reviewed. In all cases diagnosis was established by CT scan. Volume was calculated with the Steiner method. Treatment was supportive for all patients. Mortality rate was 33%. Arterial hypertension was an associated factor in 58.33%. Clinical evolution was influenced by age of patient, volume and site of the hematoma. Mortality rate was highest in the cases with thalamic hematomas. Early coma or hemiplegia also carried a poor prognosis. PMID- 7278429 TI - Prostaglandins and hypercalcemia of cancer. PMID- 7278427 TI - [Idiopathic hemochromatosis: a study of pituitary function in patients and potentially affected relatives (author's transl)]. AB - Anterior pituitary function, particularly the hypothalamus-pituitary gonadal axis, has been investigated in four patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis and in two potentially affected family members (sons) of one patient. All the patients presented a hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. In one patient there was an associated primary testicular failure. Gonadotropin secretion was intact in the family members. The remaining pituitary functions were usually preserved, except a probable decrease of the glandular reserve of TSH in two patients, and of prolactin in one of them. PMID- 7278430 TI - [Quantitative studies of bacterial flora of the skin. I. Sex differences]. PMID- 7278431 TI - [Study of the stability of human immunoglobin preparations from the placenta]. PMID- 7278432 TI - Ursodeoxycholic acid and liver microsomal mixed function oxidase system in man. PMID- 7278435 TI - [Proposal for a new type of medical education in Linkoping: Early clinical training and education in communication technics]. PMID- 7278434 TI - Fluorescamine analogues of aminoglycoside antibiotics. The distribution of antimicrobial activity. PMID- 7278436 TI - [Intracranial abscesses--pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy]. PMID- 7278433 TI - Effect of aligeron on the cerebral venous outflow and cerebrospinal fluid pressure in dogs. AB - The effect of Aligeron (1-benzhydril-4-allyl-piperazine dihydrochloride) on the cranial circulation was studied in dogs under chloralose-urethan anaesthesia. The parameters followed were: venous outflow from the confluence of the cerebral sinusses (CVO), cerebrospinal fluid pressure in cysterna magna (CSFP), systemic arterial blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate (PR). CVP was measured using the technique of Rapela and Green (1964). Aligeron was applied at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg i.v. Papaverine hydrochloride was used as a reference compound. aligeron administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg led to quick increase of the CVO with a duration of the effect approximately 30 min. CSFP also increased in a similar way. BP and PR showed insignificant changes. The administration of 10 mg/kg did not lead to an increase of its effect on CVO. Papaverine (1 mg/kg i.v.) had a weaker effect than that of Aligeron. According to the classical concepts the changes observed in our experiments were due to the cerebral vasodilator effect of Aligeron which caused a fall in cerebrovascular resistance and an increase of the intracranial blood volume. Our experiments suggest that Aligeron influenced the resistance vessels more than the capacitance ones. PMID- 7278438 TI - [Anal manifestations of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7278437 TI - [Alcohol intoxication and drug abuse among 9-12 year old children in Malmo 1972 79]. PMID- 7278440 TI - [Horse-riding accidents in western Ostergotland - a prospective study 1978-1980]. PMID- 7278439 TI - [Methods of surgical treatment of chronic suppurative recurrent hidradenitis]. PMID- 7278441 TI - [Should the paranasal sinuses and lungs of patients with chronic laryngitis be x rayed?]. PMID- 7278442 TI - [Lateral knee pains in cross-country runners - conservative and surgical treatment]. PMID- 7278443 TI - [Acute cholecystitis - a common complication of gallstones]. PMID- 7278445 TI - [To what extent are the mentally ill reported to different authorities?]. PMID- 7278444 TI - [Childhood psychoses - a neglected handicap? Epidemiology and rehabilitation in a sparsely populated county]. PMID- 7278446 TI - [Prostaglandins and leukotrienes - present and future perspectives]. PMID- 7278447 TI - [Arterial surgery - development and needs]. PMID- 7278448 TI - [Arterial surgery on the upper extremity]. PMID- 7278449 TI - [Treatment of bed wetting with the "enuresis alarm" - preliminary results from 100 consecutive cases]. PMID- 7278450 TI - [Good helmet, bicycle paths and information are necessary to reduce the risks in bicycling]. PMID- 7278451 TI - [Tardive dyskinesia - metoclopramide and thiethylperazine]. PMID- 7278453 TI - [Sepsis and meningitis in neonates and infants]. PMID- 7278452 TI - [Cimetidine - reversible disorder of distance vision]. PMID- 7278454 TI - [Psychosis or mushroom poisoning? Don't forget a thorough protocol]. PMID- 7278455 TI - [Congenital syphilis in adopted children from developing countries]. PMID- 7278456 TI - [Ascorbic acid and cancer of the duodenum. An experimental study (author's transl)]. AB - This study applies to the agency of vitamin C on chemical carcinogenesis in the small intestine of rats. Administration of N-Ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) in drinking water produced tumors of the small intestine after 18 weeks in more than 90%. The induction of tumors could not be suppressed by a large amount (2-3%) of sodium ascorbate in food, but the depth of tumor infiltration was restricted. Cancer developed in 29 of 36 rats receiving ENNG only. In 25 animals of this group growth of tumor corresponded to a P4 stage. In 24 of 35 animals, additionally receiving vitamin C, P4 stage was observed in only 13 cases. Pathological changes in the small intestine could not be observed after the sole administration of vitamin C. PMID- 7278457 TI - [Comparative results of EEA and SPTU staplers used for colo-rectal anastomoses in 260 patients (author's transl)]. AB - The EEA and SPTU circular suturing staplers were used for colorectal anastomoses in 260 (116 male, 144 female) patients undergoing high or low anterior resection. 59 patients were over 70 years old, the average age was 62.1 years. The occurrence of anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection was 11.7% and 4.1% after high anterior resection. EEA was used in 225 cases (11.1% leaks) and SPTU in 35 patients (17.1% leaks). 25 patients (9.6%) suffered a complication during the postoperative period and 8 (3%) of them died. PMID- 7278459 TI - [Electron microscopic findings during hypothermic storage preservation of the liver. II. (author's transl)]. AB - Porcine livers were preserved by simple hypothermic storage for 6 h using plasma protein-fraction 5%, albumin 5%, Collins C2, and Ringer-lactate followed by a morphometric evaluation of the electron-microscopic changes. The morphometric parameters reflecting swelling of mitochondriae showed the most pronounced changes and were suited best for reproduction. The best result was achieved by using Collins C2-storage. The endoplasmic reticulum was found to be only slightly swollen in all preservation solutions investigated here, at the same time a degranulation of granular endoplasmic reticulum could be demonstrated. The increase in volume of lysosomes per unit-volume was not significant. PMID- 7278460 TI - [Prediction of local recurrences after surgery of carcinoma of the middle reticulum (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of completely and exactly documented follow-up data of 237 patients on whom carcinomas of the middle rectum were resected for cure, a multivariate statistical model was developed and the corresponding parameters were calculated. With this model the individual risk of local recurrences can be estimated after anterior resection with a small margin of clearance (11-30 mm on the fresh specimen without stretching), after anterior resection with a wide margin of clearance (more than 30 mm), and after excision of the rectum. Seven prognostic factors are taken into consideration that can be determined pre- and intraoperatively. Estimations of the risk of local recurrences on the basis of observed and documented follow-up data can be used as decisive factor for differential indication between restorative and excisional surgery on future patients. After anterior resection the risk of local recurrences is calculated according to macroscopic findings on the specimen and to frozen section histology. If the risks in anterior resection and excision are approximately equal, the resection is ended by anastomosis; otherwise the operation will be extended to excision of the rectum. This statistical model enables the surgeon to select the proper operative procedure for each individual situation (histology- and stage-adapted surgery). PMID- 7278458 TI - [Electron microscopic findings during hypothermic storage. Preservation of the liver. I. (author's transl)]. AB - Porcine livers were preserved by simple hypothermic storage for 6 h using plasma protein-fraction 5%, albumin 5%, Collins C2, and Ringer-lactate. Electron microscopic alterations primarily consist of aggregations of nuclear chromatin, marginal chromatin condensation, swelling and destruction of cristae mitochondriales, swelling and degranulation of the endoplasmic reticulum. These signs of cell damage are of varying intensity depending on the different preservation methods. The best condition of hepatocytes on the whole is guaranteed by using Collins C2-solution. PMID- 7278461 TI - [Bioconstruction of the human ileocaecal valve (author's transl)]. AB - The lips of the ileocaecal valve are permanent folds parallel to the long axis of the small intestine, which are formed by invagination of all layers of the terminal ileum into the caecum. In the basal two-thirds they contain processes of all muscular layers of ileum and caecum, which form a system of muscle bundles that is connected with the tunica muscularis mucosae. The luminal part of the lips contains a venous plexus embedded in the loose plexus of the tunica mucosa. Arteriovenous anastomoses facilitate the rapid filling of these venous plexus. The ileocaecal valve in humans acts as a combined angiomuscular-angioplical lock system that under normal conditions prohibits a caeco-ideal reflux. PMID- 7278464 TI - [Aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus (author's transl)]. AB - Aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses becomes more and more important. 5 special cases and their histological findings are described. All of them showed unilateral chronic sinusites of long duration. Surgically there were found crumbly cheese-like substances in the sinuses, which corresponded to old fungal masses. The diagnosis was only possible by histological examination, usual staining methods were sufficient. Contrary to the opinion that consumptive basic illness or defects of the immunity system - also caused by therapy - would be a disposing factor for the fungal infection it has now been demonstrated that such cases are to be expected also spontaneous. Anatomical abnormities of the nasal space can favour the affection. Radical operation was the successful therapy. PMID- 7278462 TI - [Results of the distal splenorenal Warren shunt (author's transl)]. AB - From May 1st 1977 until the end of December 1980 35 Warren shunts were performed upon unselected patients with portal hypertension and esophageal varices. According to the Child classification they were divided up into nine Child A, 21 Child B and five Child C cases. Five (14.3) postoperative deaths occurred, yet only one due to technical failure; three patients died of hepatic coma and one of a perforated gastric ulcer. As a postoperative complication recurrent bleeding occurred in six cases (17.1%). Not even one case of pancreatitis could be observed. Fifteen patients were examined at least 6 months after operation. The control angiography (n = 15 = 100%) revealed hepatofugal circulation in only one case; splenomegaly was reduced in ten cases. Only one patient showed clinical signs of encephalopathy, fourteen patients were able to return to their normal activities. The late thrombosis rate was very low-only one case; however, the possibility of conversion to a portocaval shunt remains. PMID- 7278463 TI - [The value of intraoperative arteriography in detecting complications of vascular surgery in the femoro-popliteal and crural region (author's transl)]. AB - The intraoperative angiography was employed in 307 vascular reconstructive procedures (thrombendarterectomies (TEA) n = 107 = 34.8%; Veinbypass (VBP) n = 145 = 47.2%; fabric grafts (KBP) n = 44 = 14.4%) within the femoro-popliteal and crural region. 11.7% unsuspected technical errors were detected (TEA 18.6%, VBP 8.2%; KBP:6.8%) by angiography and successfully revised prior to wound closure. Errors were most common after thrombendarterectomies followed by VBP and KBP. Revisions after immediate failures were performed successfully in 7.4% (TEA : 8.4%, VBP: 5.5%, KBP: 6.8%). Lesions on X-ray of questionable significance were accepted in 6.8%, and followed by 4 immediate occlusions (1.7%). In 3.6% of the angiogramms the film was not satisfactorily exposed from the technical point of view. We think intraoperative angiography is a valuable adjunct in peripheral vascular surgery helping to detect and correct technical errors. PMID- 7278465 TI - [The use of ultra-sound in sinus disease (author's transl)]. AB - The inclusion of ultra-sound in the routine diagnosis of sinus disease reduces the margin of error by about 6%, compared to that using clinical records and x ray. The investigator should have sufficient experience in operating the ultrasonic equipment. Especially valuable is the ultrasonic diagnosis in cases of discharge, mucosal swelling or tumor in the sinus, as well as in cases of sinus examination of children and for control of patients having had conservative treatment or operations. PMID- 7278466 TI - [Lymphatic drainage of the maxillary sinus (author's transl)]. AB - The lymphatic drainage of the maxillary sinus has been evaluated by means of lymphangioscopy. Besides the ostial route of lymphatic drainage, there are connection over the pterygo-palatine plexus to the eustachian tube and the nasopharynx. The clinical significance for spread of tumor or infections via this route is discussed. PMID- 7278467 TI - [New aspects in ENT-Endoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - There are introduced three optic-systems, which have been developed and proved in our clinic. First is a optic for ear drum and middle ear endoscopy, second is the "lupenlaryngoepipharyngoscope", third is a lumina-vario-optic for documentation of findings in the larynx and the proximal trachea. PMID- 7278468 TI - [Preoperative clinical, radiological and nuclear medical diagnostic and intra operative findings in frontobasal cerebrospinal fluid fistula (author's transl)]. AB - In 71 patients with rhinosurgical closed fronto-basal cerebrospinal fluid fistula the pre- and intra-operative findings are compared. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea in 80% and purulent meningitis in 44% were seen. In X-ray 52% fractures and 32% cloudiness of the paranasal sinuses were found, there were 21% false negative results. By nuclear medical examination the cerebrospinal fluid leak was identified in 59%, the result was false negative in 15%. The site of the cerebrospinal fluid fistulas could be preoperative determinated by clinical signs in 96%, by X-ray in 22%, and by scintigraphy in 44%. PMID- 7278469 TI - [Treatment of Morbus Meniere with intratympanally applied Gentamycin (author's transl)]. AB - Since 1974 we have treated 59 patients suffering from unilateral and bilateral (two patients) Morbus Meniere with intratympanal application of gentamycin sulfate. In contrast to earlier attempts using this method, we did not try to destroy the vestibular apparatus, but taking into our considerations the recent findings about the pathophysiological mechanism of Morbus Meniere, only to damage the secretory epithelium, thus preventing the endolymphatic hydrops. Releave from symptoms could be obtained in more than 90% of our patients. PMID- 7278470 TI - [The nose as reacting organ to thermal skin irritations (author's transl)]. AB - The essential task of the nose is the optimal conditioning of inhaled air for gas exchange in the lungs. In the light of comparative studies concerning the anatomical structure of the nose men and animals, it is illustrated that the function of the human nose is essentially different from that of the animal. Investigations concerning the function of the nose and having competent evidential value man can only be achieved by studying the human nose itself. After a review of the previous investigations and their results, continuous and extensively irritation free measurement of the nasal mucosa with small thermistor probes which are inserted simultaneously into both lower meatus of the nose are described. Combined with the thermistor probes are phototransistors. For measuring the degree of swelling of the lower concha a coldlight-source is placed in the common meatus of the nose, without mucosa contact light transmission through the concha is measured by the phototransistor. The reaction of the nasal mucosa temperature and of the degree of swelling of the inferior nasal concha to caloric stimulation on one side and on both sides of the upper and lower extremity is investigated. The results of these investigations indicate a close reflex relationship between nasal mucosa and extremities. It is demonstrated that warm and cold stimulation on the one side of the lower extremity induces quick and intense reaction of the homolateral nose. Warm stimulation of the lower leg on both sides extends the reaction times of the nasal mucosa, while cold stimulation of both sides causes a distinct reduction of the reaction time. Cold stimulation on one side of the lower arm reduces the reaction time as compared with cold stimulation of lower leg. Further, it is demonstrated that the degrees of swelling are not joint absolutely with the change of temperature but can take there courses independently. Warm stimulation as well as cold stimulation cause, in a majority of cases, an immediate decrease in the degree of swelling. The corpus cavernosum reacts to thermocutaneous remote stimulation quicker than does the mucosa temperature. PMID- 7278471 TI - [The treatment of housedustmite-allergy-three years' experience with hyposensitization with D.pteronyssinus-Preparations (D.P.) (author's transl)]. AB - A group of 88 patients has been treated with D.P-hyposensitization for various allergic diseases ranking from rhinopathic to severe asthmatic symptoms. They all had a typical case history, showed a +++positive skintest reaction to D.P. plus at least a class-two RAST. Furthermore a scratchtest with dustsamples collected in the patients' home was performed and on positive reactions the items concerned (pillows, carpets, matraces etc.) were removed or replaced. Patients with multiple allergies or other complicating diseases were not evaluated in this study. All patients were treated with Allpyral-Semi-Depot preparations of D.P., by subcutaneous injections. Of 25 patients whose treatment is finished by now, all showed relief of their symptoms, 20 of them are free of symptoms 21/2 up to 18 months after end of treatment. Only 5 have shown recidives so far, which disappeared again when treatment was continued. The total PNU-dose applied averaged 8700 PNU per patient, with a maximum of 22800 PNU. The first signs relief showed when (an average of) 870 PNU were applied; at an average of 3000 PNU, patients for the first time were free of symptoms. Total treatment time varied from 6 to 16 months. No correlation was found between sex, age of the patient, or intensity or duration of the symptoms and the total PNU-dose needed for relief. Based on correct indication, hyposensitization with D.P. extracts today can be as successful as hyposensitization treatment in pollenallergies. PMID- 7278472 TI - [Innerearhydrops a result of disturbed endolymphcirculation (author's transl)]. AB - By means of human temporal bone slides we want to demonstrate that interruption of the so-called longitudinal endolymphcirculation causes a hydrops ahead of the block. This fact, proven by animal experiments, we observed in human specimens. Predominant locations are the anatomic narrows of the endolymphatic system: Isthmus of the endolymphatic duct, utriculoendolymphatic valve Bast, ductus reuniens. The different possible pathohistological data are: bony obliteration of the ductus endolymphaticus, embolic closure within the isthmic portion of the endolymphatic duct, blockage of the utriculoendolymphatic valve by the distended utricle or perilymphatic connective tissue strands, angled ductus reuniens in perilymphatic fibrosis. PMID- 7278473 TI - [EEG-audiometry at hyperbaric environments (author's transl)]. AB - Within the framework of the complex studies on divers (subjective audiometry, EEG, ECG ect.) before, during and after a simulated diving in a barometric chamber up to 75 m (8.5 atm), an EEG-audiometry was applied on 5 persons. It is established that the amplitude of all components of auditory evoked responses during the stay at the "Bottom" is reduced, and in the period of de-saturization (especially at later decompression stages) grows and exceeds the initial one (especially N1P2- and N2P2-components) and others. In conclusion it is admitted that the changes in the values of the auditory function, tested by means of EEG audiometry methods are a promising index of the state of the auditory analyzer. PMID- 7278474 TI - [Ultrasound hearing by humans: objectivation with brain stem potentials (author's transl)]. AB - Early acoustic evoked potentials (brain stem evoked response) may be received by bone conduction after ultrasound irritation (40 kHz). In comparison with the brain stem potential which is received by the some bone conduction by 4 kHz there are differences in the pattern of the potential and in the latency shift. It may be thought of a retro-cochleare perception of the ultrasound because of the 1 msec earlier potential. PMID- 7278475 TI - [The anatomy of the Isthmus pharyngis (author's transl)]. AB - The boundary between the nasal and oral part of the pharynx has not yet been named definitely in surgical anatomy. The term Isthmus pharyngis in analogy to Isthmus faucium is proposed and the anatomy of this region is described. The importance of these structures in reconstructive surgery is emphasized. PMID- 7278476 TI - [Xeroradiography (author's transl)]. AB - Xeroradiography with its advantages of the broader recording latitude and "edge enhancement" effect producing a high local contrast, is a useful addition to conventional radiography. In Otorhinolaryngology, this method is particularly recommended for the lareral view of the neck, facial trauma, salivary gland problems, tumors of the pharynx and larynx and stenoses of the trachea. Especially useful are tomograms and the choice of positive or negative images. The disadvantage of xeroradiography is the higher radiation dose as compared with the conventional dose. PMID- 7278477 TI - [Staging and follow-up of acute pancreatitis by angio-computer tomography (author's transl)]. AB - First results of angio-computer tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis are reported. Angio-CT allows the display of changes occurring during hemorrhagic-necrotizing pancreatitis in a much more precise manner, than has been possible up to now. Enlargement of organs, changes of contours, exudation and hemorrhage into the retroperitoneal space can be diagnosed; after bolus injection of radio opaque viable and well perfused tissue may well be differentiated from necrotic tissue. PMID- 7278478 TI - [Follow-up computer tomography in patients with carcinoma of the rectum (author's transl)]. AB - Conventional X-ray examination, ultrasonography, and skeletal scintigraphy are insufficient diagnostic procedures in the follow-up of many cases after surgery of rectum carcinoma, since they do not allow early diagnosis of local relapses. A report is given, which shows, that in these cases computer tomography may help in diagnosis. Recurrent tumors of 1.5-2 cm diameter may be diagnosed by computer tomography with sufficient reliability; at the same time peritumorous tissue can be looked at and infiltrative growth as well as regional lymph node enlargement may be diagnosed. This will help the surgeon to decide about a second surgical intervention, or it may help the radiologist in localizing and estimating the volume of tumor relapse, which can be of value for X-ray therapy. Thus computer tomography does have its place without doubt in the follow-up of patients after resection of the rectum. PMID- 7278479 TI - [Ultrasonography--diagnosis of fistulas and abscesses in Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. AB - An essential complication of Crohn's disease was diagnosed at an early time by ultrasonography in three young women suffering from a highly active form of this disease: intraabdominal fistulas could be demonstrated and documented. In two cases these fistulas were connected to an abscess. Early limited surgery was indicated in this particular situation; such surgery was performed and lead to fast improvement. The diagnostic value of ultrasonography in Crohn's disease with palpable abdominal tumor is demonstrated by these case reports. PMID- 7278480 TI - [Risk of surgical polypectomy in the colon (author's transl)]. AB - Morbidity and lethality of 143 patients who had undergone surgical polypectomy in the colon were evaluated retrospectively; the transanal, transphincteral and transabdominal approaches have been used. Because of the size of the adenoma transabdominal surgery was done in 92 patients (54 colotomy, 10 segmental resections, 28 more extended resections of the colon). Colotomy alone had a complication rate of 23.7% and a lethality of 3.3%. On comparing results of colotomy and coloscopic polypectomy it can be stated, that the surgical approach is no alternative any more because of its high complication rate. Surgery is only indicated, when polyps are too big to be removed by the coloscopic approach. PMID- 7278481 TI - [Spondylosis hyperostotica impending gastroscopy (author's transl)]. AB - Spondylosis hyperostotica in extended form may impend gastroscopy and present a potential source of danger. X-ray examination of the vertebral spine and of the esophagus are helpful diagnostically before gastroscopy. PMID- 7278482 TI - [Concentration of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in two geographically separate districts of Croatia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7278483 TI - [Myxoid dysplasia of the heart valves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7278484 TI - [Experience in the treatment of thyroid cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7278485 TI - [Chronic extradural haematoma of the posterior fossa as a very rare intracranial traumatic lesion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7278486 TI - [Extreme occlusion of extracranial cerebral arteries, the glomus caroticum tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7278487 TI - [Psychotropic drugs and the kidney (author's transl)]. PMID- 7278488 TI - [The development of hepatology in the German Democratic Republic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7278489 TI - [Assessment of the health protection of children according to specific morbidity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7278490 TI - Acute choline administration in rat and mouse: no effect on dopamine metabolism in brain. PMID- 7278491 TI - Muscimol and gamma-hydroxybutyrate: similar interactions with convulsant agents. PMID- 7278493 TI - High performance liquid chromatography of a new anticancer drug, ADCA- physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7278492 TI - Effects of GABA on electrical properties of cultured rat pituitary tumor cells: an intracellular recording study. PMID- 7278494 TI - Normal cortical concentration of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity with reduced choline acetyltransferase activity in senile dementia of Alzheimer type. PMID- 7278496 TI - A comparative analysis of extracellular fluid volume of several tissues as determined by six different markers. PMID- 7278495 TI - Depletion of retinal taurine by treatment with guanidinoethyl sulfonate. PMID- 7278497 TI - Increase in rat striatal acetylcholine content by bromocriptine: evidence for an indirect dopaminergic action. PMID- 7278498 TI - Plasma catecholamines and their major metabolites in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7278499 TI - Elimination kinetics and protein binding of theophylline in the rabbit. PMID- 7278500 TI - Red blood cells: in vivo site for transport and inactivation of biogenic amines in man and rats. PMID- 7278501 TI - Chronic intravenous infusion of noradrenaline produces labile hypertension in conscious rats. PMID- 7278502 TI - The occurrence of analgesia in an animal model of hypertension. PMID- 7278505 TI - The hypertriglyceridaemia of the cobalt chloride-treated rat: a possible mechanism. PMID- 7278504 TI - Biphasic dose-response relationship for acetylcholine in the chick jugular vein. PMID- 7278506 TI - Characterization and regional distribution of calcitonin binding sites in the rat brain. PMID- 7278503 TI - Calcitonin inhibition of physiological and stimulated prolactin secretion in rats. PMID- 7278507 TI - Intracerebral injection of gamma vinyl GABA: method for measuring rates of GABA synthesis in specific brain regions in vivo. PMID- 7278508 TI - Inhibition by phenothiazine antipsychotic drugs of calcium-dependent phosphorylation of cerebral cortex proteins regulated by phospholipid or calmodulin. PMID- 7278509 TI - Intensified gradients for endogenous amino acid substrates for transport system L on injecting a specific competitor for that system. PMID- 7278511 TI - Hyperlipidemia in rats fed retinoic acid. AB - This report describes a series of experiments that attempt to characterize the lipidemia accompanying retinoic acid administration. After feeding young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, 1.2 Retinol Equivalents (R.E.) retinyl acetate plus supplemental retinoic acid (100 microgram/g dry diet) for three days and fasting for 6-8 hr, triglyceride, cholesterol, and phospholipid content of various serum lipoprotein fractions were determined. When compared to unsupplemented controls, both the serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions of the retinoic acid-fed rats were found to harbor an elevated triglyceride content. While VLDL cholesterol and phospholipid content were also elevated, total serum cholesterol and phospholipids were not statistically altered. The detergent Triton WR-1339 was used to depress serum triglyceride clearance in order to assess the effects of retinoic acid feeding on serum triglyceride levels. Triglyceride accumulation started earlier after Triton treatment and was greater when rats were fed 100 microgram/g retinoic acid for three days prior to testing. Red and white gastrocnemius muscle, cardiac ventricular muscle, and perirenal adipose tissue were removed from rats following retinoic acid feeding. Analysis of these tissues for lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) activity showed a decrease in adipose tissue, a large depression in both areas of gastrocnemius muscle and no change in cardiac muscle as a result of retinoic acid feeding. PMID- 7278510 TI - Positional specificity of trans fatty acids in fetal lecithin. AB - Differences in the positional incorporation of 9-trans[1-(14)C] octadecenoic (elaidic) and 9-trans,12-trans[1-(14)C] octadecadienoic (linoelaidic) acids in fetal lecithin of rats were demonstrated. On the 20th day of gestation, a 14C labeled albumin complex of elaidic or linoelaidic acid was injected into the jugular vein of pregnant rats. For comparative purposes, 9-cis[1-(14)C] octadecenoic (oleic) or 9-cis,12-cis[1-(14)C] octadecadienoic (linoleic acid) was injected into the maternal circulation of rats. Animals were killed 6 hr later. Distribution of label in total lipids and phospholipids (PL) of fetal issue was measured by TLC. Irrespective of the label, the highest percentage of total radioactivity was associated with PL-59 to 67%. Within PL, the major portion of radioactivity was found in choline phosphoglycerides (CPG)-53 to 67%, and in ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (EPG)-18 to 33%. While linoelaidic acid was predominantly esterified in the 2-position of CPG, elaidic acid was nearly equally distributed between positions 1 and 2 of lecithin. Distribution of radioactivity within fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of CPG measured by radio-GLC suggested that oleic and possibly linoleic acids may be converted to nervonic and arachidonic acid, respectively, in the rat by the 20th day of gestation. Following injection of elaidate, radioacivity of FAME was distributed between palmitate and elaidic acid indicating that rat fetal tissue may metabolize elaidic acid via beta-oxidation. In contrast, following injection of linoelaidate, radioactivity of FAME was primarily associated with tt-18:2, suggesting little biotransformation to other fatty acids by fetal tissues. PMID- 7278513 TI - Transformation of arachidonic acid into monohydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids by mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages synthesize 6 monohydroxylated eicosatetraenoic acids when incubated with exogenous arachidonic acid. These compounds were identified by chromatographic techniques (high pressure liquid chromatography and high efficiency glass capillary column gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The chromatographic and spectrometric data are presented. These results show that peritoneal macrophages constitute one of the best systems to study in evaluating the metabolism of oxygenated products of arachidonic acid. PMID- 7278512 TI - Myelin subfractions isolated from mouse brain: analysis of the lipid composition at three developmental stages. AB - Lipids were examined in whole myelin and 8 myelin subfractions isolated from mouse brain at 18-24, 44-48 and 80-90 days of age. Relative to protein, total lipid was lowest in whole myelin isolated from the oldest animals as well as from subfractions isolated at greater sucrose densities, thus partially accounting for the observed myelin subfraction distribution pattern which shifted during development and an average peak density between 0.55 and 0.65 M sucrose to one banding between 0.60 and 0.70 M sucrose. Whole myelin and each myelin subfraction isolated at one age contained nearly the same ratio of sterol and phospholipid to galactolipid; these ratios decreased uniformly during development suggesting enrichment with galactolipid in all myelin subfractions. Sulfatide, as percentage of total galactolipid, was relatively constant during development and appeared to be slightly enriched in the denser myelin subfractions. The findings suggest that regardless of the origin(s) of the subfractions, an age-related mechanism exists in the central nervous system which modified myelin lipid composition relatively uniformly. PMID- 7278514 TI - Microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase: some physical and kinetic properties. AB - Some physical and kinetic properties of the microsomal enzyme(s) that convert phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine in rat and guinea pig livers have been investigated. The pH optima of the reactions were 9.8, 9.3 and 9.5 for the first, second and third methylation reactions, respectively. Incomplete heat denaturation of the protein catalyzing the first reaction contrasts with inactivation at 60 C of the enzymes catalyzing the second and third methylations. The maximal velocity of the first reaction of the guinea pig liver enzyme is 48 pmol/min/mg protein, substantially less than exhibited rate-limiting reaction of the three step methylation sequence in rat liver, 114 pmol/min/mg. The affinity of the microsomal enzyme for S-adenosylmethionine is greater in rat liver (Km = 18.2 microM) than in guinea pig liver (Km = 302 microM). PMID- 7278516 TI - Different thermal behavior of neonatal hepatic and cerebral 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. AB - The Arrhenius plots of hepatic and cerebral 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity were studied in neonatal chicks fed with a standard diet. Supplementation of the diet with 2% cholesterol from hatching has no effect on the thermal characteristics of the brain enzyme. The Arrhenius plot of brain reductase was practically similar to that found in control chicks. However, hepatic reductase was inhibited by cholesterol feeding. Dietary cholesterol increased the cholesterol/lipidic phosphorus molar ratio in liver microsomes, whereas no significant differences were observed in brain microsomes. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that activity of hepatic reductase is regulated by the fluidity of microsomal membrane and show that cholesterol feeding does not alter the fluidity of microsomal membranes in neonatal chick brain having, thus, no effect on the thermal behavior of cerebral reductase. PMID- 7278515 TI - Analysis of the phospholipid of the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum of liver cells by high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A method is described for the separation and analysis of phospholipids from rat liver nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum. The procedure employs a liquid environment, to which antioxidants can be added, and results in separation of NL, PE, PI, PS, and PC in 99% purity in 12 min; analytical columns and a radial compression system may be employed. The procedure results in phospholipids with a large proportion of highly unsaturated fatty acids; some differences in fatty acid distributions were found when nuclear envelope phospholipid fractions were compared with the corresponding fractions from endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7278517 TI - Microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase: inhibition by S adenosylhomocysteine. AB - Inhibition by S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) of the three reactions of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase which catalyzes the production of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine in guinea pig and rat liver microsomes has been evaluated. Five of the six methylation reactions in these two species exhibit greater affinity for inhibitor, AdoHcy, than for substrate, S adenosylmethionine (AdoMet). The Ki values for the rate-limiting reactions were 3.8 microM and 68 microM in rat and guinea pig livers, respectively. An AdoMet : AdoHcy ratio of 12 : 1 in developing liver was found to decline to a constant value in the adult of 5 : 1. The concentration of AdoHcy in rat and guinea pig liver increases markedly following death of the animal. A concomitant decrease in the AdoMet level was observed in guinea pig liver. A comparison of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity with the hepatic concentrations of AdoMet and AdoHcy in mouse, rat, rabbit and guinea pig is presented. Regulation of the methylation pathway is discussed. PMID- 7278518 TI - Hepatic contribution to newly made fatty acids in adipose tissue in rats and inhibition of hepatic and extrahepatic lipogenesis from glucose by dietary corn oil. AB - We have reexamined an earlier rat study in which the authors concluded that 60 min after [U-14C]-glucose injection half of labeled fatty acids found in adipose tissue had been made in liver and then transported to the adipose tissue. We have shown that even under conditions in which the lipogenic role of the liver is optimized (fed-refed rats on a fat-free, high-carbohydrate diet), almost none of the labeled fatty acids found in adipose tissue of rats 60 min after they were fed a labeled glucose test meal was derived from the liver. This conclusion was based experimentally on (a) the use of the blocking agent Triton WR 1339 to measure the total labeled triglyceride fatty acids (TGFA) synthesized and secreted by the liver in 60 min and (b) comparison of plasma TGFA-14C data with radioactivity found in liver and in adipose tissue in 60 min. Without using Triton WR 1339, mathematical, analysis of plasma TFGA-14C following the glucose test-meal leads one to the same conclusion: 97% of 14C-labeled fatty acids found in adipose tissue at 60 min was made in situ. Additional studies in rats established that the source of error in the earlier studies was an incorrect assumption that dietary corn oil could inhibit hepatic lipogenesis from glucose C without inhibiting fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue. In our studies, 10% corn oil inhibited equally both hepatic and adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis from glucose C under conditions that precluded any significant transport of labeled TGFA-14C from liver to adipose tissue. PMID- 7278519 TI - Structure of biliary phosphatidylcholine in cholesterol gallstone patients. AB - The fatty acid composition of biliary phosphatidylcholine was analyzed in 13 patients with radiolucent gallstones undergoing elective cholecystectomy, and in 11 normolipemic patients without gallstone undergoing abdominal surgery. The only difference in the percentage fatty acid composition between the two groups was a significantly (p less than 0.05) higher percentage arachidonic acid in the first group. This acid was exclusively located in the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine (PC), accounting for 13.0 +/- 4.9% in the first group and 8.2 +/- 4.9% in the second (p less than 0.05). The percentage arachidonic acid of PC was negatively correlated (p less than 0.001) with the percentage biliary chenodeoxycholate in gallstone patients, but not in controls. Explanation of these findings is, at present, only speculative. PMID- 7278520 TI - High performance reversed phase chromatography of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters of human plasma lipoproteins. AB - Cholesterol and cholesteryl esters were separated according to their carbon number and number of double bonds by high performance reversed-phase chromatography (HPRC) using acetonitrile/chloroform/methanol (1:1:1, v/v) as a mobile phase. It was found that within the same equivalent carbon number (ECN) category, cholesteryl esters with the highest number of double bonds eluted ahead of those with a lower number of double bonds, and with the cis isomers eluting ahead of their trans partners. Thus, cholesteryl oleate (C27-18:1c) elutes ahead of cholesteryl palmitate (C27-16:0) and ahead of cholesteryl elaidate (C27 18:1t). Human lipoprotein, as well as rat liver cholesteryl esters, were separated using this technique. PMID- 7278521 TI - Psychiatric court reports-too many or too few? PMID- 7278523 TI - The value of firearms examination for the defence. PMID- 7278522 TI - Fatal ingestions in Edinburgh 1974-78. PMID- 7278524 TI - Fire deaths in the Glasgow area: I General considerations and pathology. PMID- 7278525 TI - Aircrash on Mount Erebus. PMID- 7278527 TI - A case of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki syndrome). PMID- 7278526 TI - Death due to 'pulmonary fibrosis' (a case report). PMID- 7278529 TI - Single suicidal stab wounds-a study of three cases. PMID- 7278528 TI - Diatoms in drowning. PMID- 7278530 TI - A group of shootings. PMID- 7278531 TI - Jaundice following a road traffic accident (a case report). PMID- 7278532 TI - An unusual sequel of growth plate injury. PMID- 7278533 TI - Matricide by sons. PMID- 7278534 TI - The applications of ultraviolet photography in clinical forensic medicine. PMID- 7278535 TI - [The possibilities of scientific progress]. PMID- 7278536 TI - [Dialectics, the false solution to a real problem. Introduction to research methodology]. PMID- 7278537 TI - [Contemporary epistemology and methodology in clinical medicine. Reflections on Giovanni Federspil's book, "I Fondamenti del Metodo in Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale"]. PMID- 7278538 TI - This CME course is no boondoggle. PMID- 7278539 TI - The adult with cancer: in preparation for death. PMID- 7278541 TI - Health regulatory reform: reality or rhetoric? PMID- 7278540 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic aids in gout and hyperuricemia. PMID- 7278542 TI - Radiation biology: an explosive topic. PMID- 7278543 TI - Care of the elderly: special needs for special people. PMID- 7278544 TI - Another view of an old enemy: wide QRS tachycardia. PMID- 7278546 TI - The physician witness: obligations and rights. PMID- 7278545 TI - The flail mitral leaflet. PMID- 7278547 TI - Are you a diagnostic detective? PMID- 7278548 TI - Retinal detachment surgery. PMID- 7278549 TI - Nutrition and athletic performance. PMID- 7278551 TI - [Classification of technical facilities for radionuclide diagnosis]. PMID- 7278550 TI - [Reciprocating motor for the "Biopul's-4" apparatus]. PMID- 7278552 TI - [Use of Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves for evaluating radiodiagnostic apparatus]. PMID- 7278553 TI - [Analysis of the possibility of increasing the intracranial impedance component of the rheoencephalogram using screened electrodes]. PMID- 7278554 TI - [Optimal conditions for positive and negative xeromammography]. PMID- 7278555 TI - [RU-VE-1 conductometric aggregatograph]. PMID- 7278556 TI - [Determination of the dynamic characteristics of the measuring unit in pneumotachometers]. PMID- 7278558 TI - ["Radiometr R-1" device for controlling illumination intensity]. PMID- 7278559 TI - [Device for multipositional x-ray examination of children]. PMID- 7278560 TI - [Table for resuscitation of newborn infants]. PMID- 7278561 TI - [PVS-2 hoist for placing a patient in a bath in a sitting position]. PMID- 7278562 TI - [Scientific and Technical Institute of Medical technology of the "Khirana" organization]. PMID- 7278557 TI - ["Zemlia-1" device for controlling the protective grounding circuit in medical equipment]. PMID- 7278564 TI - [Electronics in an obstetrical service]. PMID- 7278563 TI - [X-ray diagnostic complex for mammography]. PMID- 7278566 TI - [Oxygen transport in a membrane oxygenator with active blood mixing]. PMID- 7278565 TI - [System for extremal regulation of phase coordination of the interaction of assisted circulation apparatus with the patient's heart]. PMID- 7278567 TI - The heart rate, perceived exertion, and pace of the 1.5 mile run. AB - The logical validity of a 1.5-mile run as a measure of aerobic capacity, and the validity of Borg's laboratory model of perceived exertion (RPE) were examined in a field setting on a 440-yd cinder track. Performance time, heart rate (HR), and RPE were described for college-age males (N=67) instructed to achieve the lowest time possible during an "all-out" effort. Alpha and canonical factor analyses revealed three robust factors for performance times: 1) lap 1, 2) laps 2.5, 3) lap 6; two robust factors for HR: 1) laps 3-6, 2) laps 1 and 2; and four factors for RPE: 1) lap 6, 2) laps 1-3, 3) laps 4 and 5, 4) first 220 yd of lap 1. Results indicated distinct pacing characteristics of an initial sprint, a stable speed reduction, and a finishing sprint. This pace was generally independent of Ss HR (r's, mean lap 1 = 0.09; mean laps 2-5 = 0.19, mean lap 6 = 0.21) and RPE (r's, mean lap 1 = -0.15; mean laps 2-5 = 0.12; mean lap 6 = 0.07), and in part these findings at least implicate confounding influences by anaerobic metabolism and Ss motivation on performance. This possibility was supported by the fact that 95% of performance variance could be accounted for by pace factors of the initial and finishing sprints. Both HR and RPE response followed a linear-like increase as a function of cumulative time and distance. However, only a small relationship between HR and RPE (r, mean = 0.16) was observed during the run, and the obtained correlations did not support a central RPE-control model based on cardiovascular stress. PMID- 7278568 TI - A biomechanical study of the triple jump. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the triple jump from the viewpoint of the velocity of the center of gravity and the mechanical energy. Eight 16 mm cameras were used to film the whole motion of 15 triple-jumpers from the end of the run-up to the landing of the jump. The horizontal velocity decreased during the first half of each take-off and increased during the second half. However, the absolute value of the velocity decreased from hop-to-step and from step-to jump (the reductions were 8.5% and 15.1%, respectively). The vertical velocity increased at an almost constant rate during each take-off. The maximum height of the center of gravity was similar during the flights in the hop and the jump, and in the step it was approximately 10% lower than in the hop and the jump. The mechanical energy decreased after each take-off. Four percent of the mechanical energy acquired during the run-up was lost during take-off for the hop. The maintenance ratio was much lower (approximately 85%) for the step and the jump. PMID- 7278569 TI - The effect of a 12-month growth period on the body moments of inertia of children. AB - The effect of growth over a 12-month period on the principal moments of inertia for the body was investigated. The body was considered to be modelled as composed of elliptical zones 2 cm wide. Twelve children between the ages of 4 and 12 years and of different body types were tested and retested after 12 months. Moments of inertia for the three principal axes were calculated. A comparison of the results for the moment of inertia about the centroidal transverse axis showed increases from 12-57%. The results for the longitudinal centroidal axis ranged from 8-92%. For most of the children these percentage changes exceeded those in the traditional indicators of age, height, and mass. The product, mass times height squared (MH2), appeared to indicate the changes more accurately. Extreme changes were noted for a 12/13-year-old undergoing pubescent growth, a 6/7-year-old ectomorph, and a 4/5-year-old endomorph. It is suggested that the extreme changes, in particular, would make rotational movements difficult and there could be an extended adaptation period. PMID- 7278570 TI - Biomechanical evaluation of bilateral tibial spiral fractures during skiing--a case study. AB - The utility of a biomechanical evaluation of an injury is shown for an incident involving bilateral tibial spiral fractures during skiing. With incorporation of directly measured binding release forces into a biomechanical model, estimates of torques transmitted to the skier's leg were determined. The analysis revealed a high potential for torsional injury to the leg with the particular release mechanism and settings used by this skier; for nearly all applications of lateral loads to the ski, this skier's bindings would not have released prior to exceeding the torsional elastic threshold of the tibia. PMID- 7278571 TI - Drugs--some basic concepts. AB - Increasing numbers of persons with heart, lung, kidney, musculoskeletal, and behavioral disorders who take medically prescribed drugs are choosing an active lifestyle. However, we know little about the effects of exercise on drug metabolism or how drugs might affect exercise performance. In this paper some basic concepts underlying pharmacokinetics (the study of determinants of drug concentration) and of pharmacodynamics (the study of the biological effects of drugs) will be considered. Although there is relatively little data related to exercise, an understanding of these pharmacological principles can be widely applied. PMID- 7278572 TI - Effects of exercise performance on drugs used in musculoskeletal disorders. AB - Non-steroidal analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are potent inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis in vivo at commonly achieved concentrations of these drugs. Prostaglandins of the E-series are released by exercising muscles, and their release is inhibited by indomethacin. The consequences, with respect to exercise performance, are unknown. Drugs used for hyperuricemia and gout such as colchicine, allopurinol, probenecid, and sulphinpyrazone have not been implicated in affecting exercise performance. The uricosuric drugs probenecid and sulphinpyrazone may be contraindicated in individuals who exercise heavily because of the increased danger of precipitating uric acid crystals in the kidney tubules. Muscle relaxants do not cause measurable muscle relaxation following usual oral dosage regimens. They are, however, sedatives and this property could influence exercise performance. PMID- 7278573 TI - [Arboviruses: part II. Introduction]. PMID- 7278574 TI - [Dengue outbreak by virus type 4 in French Polynesia. I. General epidemiology - clinical specific aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Authors describe an extensive outbreak of dengue 4 virus which is observed for the first time out of its Asian original focus. The whole archipelagos of French Polynesia have been contaminated in a space of four months. Usual form of the disease is typical with lightness of the symptoms. This outbreak has been implicated in the death of a child by shock; and two cases of reversible encephalitis have been certainly caused by this virus. The neurotropism is the main characteristic of dengue virus type 4. PMID- 7278576 TI - [Current clinical aspects and conservative therapy of Parkinson syndrome]. PMID- 7278575 TI - [Dengue outbreak by virus type 4 in French Polynesia. II. Preliminary biological observations on epidemiology and physiopathology of the disease (author's transl)]. AB - Authors report some accurate epidemiologic and physiopathologic data about dengue 4. Thanks to virus intrathoracic inoculation in Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Doleshall, 1857), 202 viral strains have been isolated from 633 sera samples. The incidence of the disease has decreased very early after immunization of the whole population and resulted in an eradication of dengue type 1 virus which was endemic in French Polynesia since 1976. Only one type of dengue virus seems to be tolerated in French Polynesian ecosystem in the same time. There is no crossing protection with dengue 1. Clinically, the picture has been the same in both new and previously infected by dengue 1 patients. Duration of viremia during the secondary dengue fever is not shorter than in the primary one. The hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies do not protect patients, but do not result in immune-complexes pathology. PMID- 7278577 TI - [Which influenza vaccination is the best - with whole virus, split vaccine or subunit vaccines?]. PMID- 7278578 TI - [Current status of chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7278579 TI - [Thromboembolism prophylaxis with reduced bleeding risk. Trials with heparin dihydroergot 2500]. PMID- 7278580 TI - [The problem of adjustment to disease]. PMID- 7278582 TI - [Travel diarrhea. Clinical aspects, therapy and prophylaxis]. PMID- 7278581 TI - [Diagnosis of diarrhea in endocrine diseases]. PMID- 7278583 TI - [Physiologic principles of coagulation thrombosis prophylaxis]. PMID- 7278584 TI - [Flow dynamic principles of thrombosis prophylaxis]. PMID- 7278585 TI - [Heparin dosage and combination possibilities in the prevention of thromboembolism]. PMID- 7278586 TI - [Instrumental methods of thrombosis prophylaxis]. PMID- 7278587 TI - [Thrombosis prophylaxis in venous surgery]. PMID- 7278588 TI - [Use of drug prevention of thromboembolism in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 7278589 TI - [Special problems of thrombosis prophylaxis in trauma surgery]. PMID- 7278590 TI - [Patience, patience]. PMID- 7278591 TI - [How can the risk of hepatitis B infection be lowered today in the transfer of blood fractions?]. PMID- 7278592 TI - [Epidemiology of diverticulosis of the large intestine]. PMID- 7278593 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic fine-needle cholangiography in the diagnosis of acute bile duct obstruction]. PMID- 7278596 TI - [Number, function and ultrastructure of peripheral thrombocytes in tropical malaria]. PMID- 7278595 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of biliary calculi. Combined use of ERCP, PTC and endoscopic papillotomy]. PMID- 7278597 TI - [Determination of plasma fibronectins using laser nephelometry in patients with shock or sepsis]. PMID- 7278598 TI - [Acute abdomen in giant lipoma of the sigmoid]. PMID- 7278599 TI - [The hygiene-responsible person in the surgical clinic. A report of our experience]. PMID- 7278594 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cholestasis using sonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography]. PMID- 7278600 TI - [The effect of cigarette smoking and cold stress on the skin temperature of smokers and non-smokers]. PMID- 7278602 TI - [Drug actions, drug safety and drug evaluation. A short review]. PMID- 7278601 TI - [Serologic criteria in the diagnosis and therapy of neurosyphilis]. PMID- 7278603 TI - [Hypertension. What should be examined?]. PMID- 7278604 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of adrenal gland tumors]. PMID- 7278605 TI - [Cardiomyopathy in hemochromatosis]. PMID- 7278606 TI - [Closure of pleura-lung lesions using fibrin adhesives. Experimental examinations]. PMID- 7278607 TI - [Renal cell cancer]. PMID- 7278608 TI - [Unusual lung manifestation in Bourneville-Pringle disease]. PMID- 7278609 TI - [Skating on thin ice]. PMID- 7278611 TI - [Evaluation of peripheral lymphocytes in patients with solid malignant tumors]. PMID- 7278612 TI - [Late neurological complications of Argentine hemorrhagic fever]. PMID- 7278610 TI - [Contribution of echocardiography to the surgical indications in infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 7278613 TI - [Cardiac function in experimental acute normovolemic anemia]. PMID- 7278614 TI - [Total exchangeable sodium in essential hypertension and hypertension with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7278615 TI - [Usefulness of the sister chromatid exchange method in the detection of possible mutagenic agents]. PMID- 7278616 TI - Retrospective epidemiological study of hemopoietic system neoplasms in Argentina. PMID- 7278617 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse and infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 7278618 TI - Type I striated muscular fiber hypotrophy with central nuclei. PMID- 7278619 TI - [Calcification of the mitral annulus]. PMID- 7278620 TI - Rickettsialpox: report of an outbreak and a contemporary review. AB - Rickettsialpox is a mild illness characterized by the appearance of a primary eschar at the site of a mite bite followed by fever, headache, and a papulovesicular rash. It can be confused with a variety of illnesses including several other rickettsial diseases and chickenpox. R. akari, the etiologic agent, is a rickettsia belonging to the spotted fever group (SFG) of rickettsial illnesses. In spite of significant serologic cross-reactivity with other SFG agents, there is no convincing evidence of cross-immunity to these agents after recovery from rickettsialpox. Tetracyclinie is the drug of choice in the treatment of this disease. PMID- 7278621 TI - Epidemic methanol poisoning: clinical and biochemical analysis of a recent episode. PMID- 7278622 TI - Right-left confusion in the adult: a verbal labeling effect. PMID- 7278623 TI - Spatial and temporal processing in the auditory and visual modalities. PMID- 7278624 TI - Rate and frequency as determinants of learning with complete and discrete list presentation. PMID- 7278625 TI - Individual differences and memory for faces, pictures, and words. PMID- 7278626 TI - The role of memory in the construction of linear orderings. PMID- 7278630 TI - The use of phonemic information to solve anagrams. PMID- 7278629 TI - Temporal compatibility in dual motor tasks II: simultaneous articulation and hand movements. PMID- 7278628 TI - Phonological and orthographic factors in the word-superiority effect. PMID- 7278627 TI - The development of letter processing efficiency. PMID- 7278631 TI - Problem restructuring processes for ill-structured verbal analogies. PMID- 7278632 TI - Problem solving and the development of abstract categories in programming languages. PMID- 7278634 TI - Social-interpersonal skills relevant to job tenure for mentally retarded adults. PMID- 7278635 TI - Increasing compliant work behaviors in a non-sheltered work setting. PMID- 7278633 TI - Studies of inference from lack of knowledge. PMID- 7278636 TI - Fast food employment for moderately and mildly mentally retarded adults: the Mcdonald's project. PMID- 7278638 TI - Community integration of mentally retarded adults through leisure activity. PMID- 7278637 TI - Community placement success based on client behavior preferences of careproviders. PMID- 7278639 TI - Consumer roulette: the shopping patterns of mentally retarded persons. PMID- 7278640 TI - Alcohol abuse among mentally retarded individuals. PMID- 7278641 TI - Behavioral weight reduction procedures for obese mentally retarded individuals: a review. PMID- 7278642 TI - A program for developing professional services at a residential institution. PMID- 7278643 TI - Increasing reading comprehension of direct care trainees. PMID- 7278644 TI - Identifying inservice training programs in university affiliated facilities. PMID- 7278645 TI - Time compressed speech and the listening comprehension of educable mentally retarded students. PMID- 7278646 TI - A device for reducing object destruction among institutionalized mentally retarded persons. PMID- 7278647 TI - Obese young men have elevated plasma estrogen levels but obese premenopausal women do not. AB - The 24 hr mean plasma concentrations of estrone (E2) and estradiol (E2) were measured in 18 healthy, regularly cycling obese women; 16 healthy, regularly cycling nonobese women; 18 healthy obese men; and 33 healthy nonobese men. The obese men showed significant elevations of both E1 (67 pg/ml versus 49 pg/ml control; P less than 0.005) and E2 (37 pg/ml versus 28 pg/ml; P less than 0.005), but the obese women showed no significant elevation of either E1 or E2. The most likely explanation for the absence of significant hyperestrogenemia in the obese women despite evidence that such women have increased androstenedione-to-estrone conversion is that the latter source of estrogen is too small in comparison with estradiol secretion to cause a statistically detectable increment in plasma estrogen levels. PMID- 7278648 TI - Suppression of prolactin and growth hormone responses to 2-deoxy-D-glucose induced glucoprivation by mazindol in humans. AB - Glucoprivation induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) 20 min infusions (50 mg/kg) increases growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) levels in humans. To determine if mazindol, a potent dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake blocking agent, might affect basal and stimulated GH and PRL levels in healthy male and female volunteers, mazindol (1 mg, TID,po) or placebo were administered for one week before 2DG infusions. Plasma samples for glucose, epinephrine (E), NE, PRL, and GH were collected before and after 2DG infusions. During placebo and mazindol therapy, basal values (ng/ml) did not differ for either PRL (8.8 +/- 1.6 versus 8.9 +/- 1.5 in females and 8.3 +/- 0.9 versus 7.7 +/- 0.6 in males) or GH (1.6 versus 1.7 +/- 0.1 in males and 6.6 +/- 3.3 versus 7.0 +/- 2.6 in females). Peak stimulated PRL levels were greater in females than in males (97.1 +/- 26.2 versus 21.4 +/- 5.3 ng/ml, p less than 0.05) while peak stimulated GH levels were greater in males than in females (28.2 +/- 1.7 versus 7.0 +/- 2.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). Mazindol therapy reduced 2DG-stimulated PRL responses (ng/ml) from 97.1 +/- 26.2 to 44.4 +/- 25.3 (p less than 0.0125) and from 21.4 +/- 5.3 to 13.6 +/- 3.4 (p less than 0.025) in females and males respectively, and GH responses (ng/ml) from 28.2 +/- 1.7 to 13.1 +/- 3.8 (p less than 0.05) and from 10.2 +/- 2.0 to 3.4 +/- 0.1 (p less than 0.05) in males and females respectively, but baseline PRL and GH levels were unaffected. A 50%-60% overall suppression of stimulated GH and PRL levels by mazindol was not significantly different between sexes and not consistently related to elevations in plasma glucose or E although stimulated plasma NE levels were higher during mazindol therapy. PMID- 7278649 TI - Low density and high density lipoprotein kinetics and sterol balance in vegetarians. AB - Vegetarians have lower than average plasma lipid levels. Possible mechanisms were studied by measuring the kinetics of LDL-B protein and HDL-AI protein in 7 young male vegetarians and 6 omnivorous control subjects; sterol balances were also determined in a further study with the 6 additional control subjects whose intake of cholesterol was low. Plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and LDL-B protein were significantly lower in the vegetarians and plasma AI protein concentrations also tended to be lower. The flux or production of LDL was significantly lower, 9.1 +/- 2.3 mg/kg/d (mean +/- SD) compared to 11.8 +/- 0.6 mg/kg/d in the controls and appeared to explain the low levels of LDL. The fractional removal rate of HDL-AI protein was significantly greater in the vegetarians (0.043 +/- 0.011 versus 0.027 +/- 0.011 for the fractions of pool 1 cleared per hour) and appeared to account for the low plasma AI levels. In the second study, bile acid excretion was significantly lower in the vegetarians and estimated cholesterol synthesis was in the low normal range. Low rates of LDL-B protein formation have been reported in other subjects with low LDL cholesterol concentrations and in the vegetarians presumably reflect the composite of several dietary factors. PMID- 7278650 TI - Urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio as a clinical tool: correlation between 3-methylhistidine excretion and metabolic and clinical states in healthy and stressed premature infants. AB - We have investigated the role of the urinary 3-methylhistidine (3MH) excretion, a measure of protein catabolism, in the evaluation of the metabolic state of premature infants. Two-hundred and twenty-two 24 hr urine collections and 3MH/Cr ratio determinations (expressed as mumoles of 3MH per mg creatinine) were carried out in 36 infants (average gestational age 32.7 +/- 0.7 wk, weight 1640 +/- 120 grams) and the relationship between the 3MH/Cr ratios and the metabolic and clinical state has been investigated. Five or more 3MH/Cr measurements were carried out on each of 19 infants and serial determinations on four of those babies are presented. The urinary 3MH/Cr ratio of healthy infants with adequate caloric intake and normal growth curve was .148 +/- .039 (S.D.) mumol/mg, about 35% higher than the 3MH/Cr ratio in healthy adults. As long as the premature infants were healthy the degree of prematurity had no effect on the 3MH/Cr ratio. The relationship between 3MH/Cr ratio and nitrogen balance was highly significant (p less than .001). 3MH/Cr ratio also correlates very well with the metabolic status of the infants: in the group with normal 3MH/Cr ratios less than or equal to .175 (.148 + 1 S.D., n = 90) there were four clinically stressed infants (4.4% false negative rate) while in the group with elevated 3MH/Cr ratios greater than .225 (.148 + 2 S.D.; n = 79) there were only three clinically well infants (3.8% false positive rate). In comparing the clinical status and 3MH/Cr ratios, we found that in the group of infants who could not be clearly defined as clinically well or stressed (n = 108) the 3MH/Cr ratio was more useful than clinical judgment in the prediction of metabolic status. It can be concluded that 3MH/Cr ratio is a potentially useful clinical tool which describes with high accuracy the clinical and metabolic status of premature infants. This conclusion is further supported by the data of serial 3MH/Cr determinations. PMID- 7278651 TI - Prevention of age-related hypertriglyceridemia by caloric restriction and exercise training in the rat. AB - Plasma triglyceride concentrations were determined in three experimental groups of rats as they grew from 1 1/2-12 mo of age. One group was kept sedentary and allowed food ad lib (control), the second group was allowed to eat and exercise in a running wheel ad lib, and the third calorically-restricted in order to maintain weight equal to that of the exercising rats. The exercise-trained and calorically-restricted rats gained less weight than did the control rats, and the age-related rise in plasma triglyceride concentration in control rats was totally abolished in the other two groups. In addition, exercise training and caloric restriction inhibited the increase in plasma insulin concentrations noted to occur with age in the control rats. These data indicate that there are two effective ways to prevent the development of hypertriglyceridemia that occurs with age in otherwise normal rats. PMID- 7278652 TI - High density lipoprotein cholesterol and body composition of female runners. AB - Twenty-two women participating in an endurance running program had determinations of body composition, of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and HDL cholesterol (HDLC) concentrations before and after increasing their running by 30 miles/wk. Mean total body weight, fat weight and relative body fat showed significant decreases, while mean lean weight significantly increased. Mean HDLC increased 5 mg/dl (p less than 0.01). Although increases of HDLC correlated with increases in lean weight, exercise per se appears to increase HDLC of women. PMID- 7278653 TI - Fatty acid synthase from the uropygial gland of goose. PMID- 7278654 TI - Isolation, translation in vitro, and partial purification of messenger RNA for fatty acid synthase from uropygial gland. PMID- 7278655 TI - Purification of acyl carrier proteins by immunoaffinity chromatography. PMID- 7278656 TI - beta-Hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrase from rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7278657 TI - Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase from rat liver. PMID- 7278658 TI - Peroxisomal and microsomal carnitine acetyltransferases. PMID- 7278659 TI - Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig kidney. PMID- 7278660 TI - Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases from pig liver mitochondria. PMID- 7278661 TI - Electron-transfer flavoprotein from pig liver mitochondria. PMID- 7278663 TI - 3-Ketoacyl-CoA-thiolase with broad chain length specificity from pig heart muscle. PMID- 7278665 TI - S-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase from pseudomonas. PMID- 7278662 TI - Short-chain and long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratases from pig heart muscle. PMID- 7278664 TI - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase from rat liver. PMID- 7278667 TI - Assay of S-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. PMID- 7278666 TI - Assay of enzymes that modulate S-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase by reversible phosphorylation. PMID- 7278668 TI - Lysophospholipase--transacylase from rat lung. PMID- 7278669 TI - Glycerophosphate acyltransferase from rat liver. PMID- 7278671 TI - Triglyceride lipase from porcine pancreas. PMID- 7278670 TI - Conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 7278674 TI - Monoacylglycerol lipase from rat adipose tissue. PMID- 7278672 TI - Hormone-sensitive lipase from chicken adipose tissue including the separation and purification of monoglyceride lipase. PMID- 7278673 TI - Hormone-sensitive lipase from adipose tissue of rat. PMID- 7278675 TI - Sterol ester hydrolase from rat pancreas. PMID- 7278677 TI - Isolation of phospholipase A2 from red cell membranes of sheep. PMID- 7278676 TI - Phospholipases A1 from lysosomes and plasma membranes of rat liver. PMID- 7278679 TI - Phospholipase A2 from cobra venom (Naja naja naja). PMID- 7278680 TI - Fatty acid synthase from human liver. PMID- 7278678 TI - Phospholipase A2 from bee venom. PMID- 7278681 TI - Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7278682 TI - Phospholipase D from rat brain. PMID- 7278684 TI - Aldehyde dehydrogenases from liver. PMID- 7278683 TI - Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase from human plasma. PMID- 7278685 TI - Fatty acid synthase from pig liver. PMID- 7278686 TI - 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA and geranyl-CoA carboxylases from Pseudomonas citronellolis. PMID- 7278687 TI - 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase from bovine kidney. PMID- 7278689 TI - Computers and the private physician. PMID- 7278690 TI - A perinatal database management system. PMID- 7278688 TI - Fatty acid synthase from red blood cells. PMID- 7278691 TI - Principles and practice of recording data in toxicological pathology. PMID- 7278692 TI - A computerized health hazard appraisal system (CHAMP). PMID- 7278693 TI - Reliability factors in adverse drug reaction reporting. PMID- 7278694 TI - Effects of observer variation on performance in probabilistic diagnosis of jaundice. PMID- 7278695 TI - An adaptive and learning system for feedback-controlled evoked response studies. PMID- 7278696 TI - Evaluating the validity of a Bayesian program for predicting stage in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7278698 TI - A method for combined fluorescence and nonfluorescence incident-light vital microscopy. PMID- 7278697 TI - A bidirectional optical (BDO) three-stage prism grating system for on-line measurement of red blood cells velocity in microvessels. PMID- 7278699 TI - Rarefaction of capillary network in the brain of rats with induced DOCA saline and renal hypertension. PMID- 7278700 TI - Effects of capillary heterogeneity on rates of steady uptake of substances by the intact liver. PMID- 7278701 TI - A model for osmotically induced weight transient in the isolated rabbit heart. PMID- 7278702 TI - Permeability and reflection coefficients from osmotic transients--extravascular factors. PMID- 7278703 TI - Anesthesia for cardiac surgery--a review. PMID- 7278704 TI - The influence of immunization with live or killed Staphylococcus aureus vaccines on the early development of opsonizing and bactericidal factors in lymph and blood of sheep. AB - In order to obtain sensitive measurements on the synthesis of opsonins following immunization with live or killed S. aureus vaccines, lymph was collected from the efferent popliteal lymphatic duct of sheep during the early phase of the immune response. Lymph and blood serum were assayed for opsonizing capacity using 3H labeled S. aureus. Within 1 hr after vaccination there was a rapid, transitory decrease in uptake by neutrophils of bacteria opsonized with lymph from sheep given the killed vaccine (Group 2). These results were in contrast to the relatively constant uptake rates of bacteria opsonized with lymph from sheep given the live vaccine (Group 1) and non-vaccinated controls (Group 3) at this time. At 72, 96, and 120 hr post-injection mean uptake values for bacteria opsonized with lymph from either vaccinated group were significantly greater than comparable values for controls. Mean uptakes for organisms opsonized with blood serum from Group 1 at 72 and 96 hr post-injection were significantly greater than comparable values for the control group. The percentage of viable neutrophil associated bacteria decreased when lymph collected from animals in Group 2 in the first hour post-injection was used to opsonize the organisms. Percentages of viable, neutrophil-associated S. aureus for assays in which blood serum was used to opsonize remained relatively constant at around 45% for Groups 2 and 3. In contrast, however, values of viable neutrophil-associated bacteria for Group 1 decreased during the 120 hr after immunization. PMID- 7278707 TI - Lysogenicity of the strains of Vibrio cholerae, biotype eltor recently isolated in various countries. PMID- 7278705 TI - An attempt to induce Mycobacterium intracellulare from Mycobacterium scrofulaceum by ultraviolet irradiation. PMID- 7278706 TI - Behavior of Mycoplasma hominis in a human diploid cell culture system. AB - The behavior of Mycoplasma hominis in normal human embryonic lung fibroblast (HAIN-55) cell cultures was investigated. Multiplication patterns of cell associated mycoplasmas and of extracellular mycoplasmas in the HAIN-55 cultures depended upon the size of the inoculum. This relationship did not vary with the number of days the cells had been cultured, nor with the number of HAIN-55 cell passages. The maximum mycoplasmal growth was obtained with inoculum sizes of 10(5) to 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU)/ml. The recovery of mycoplasmas decreased rapidly with inoculum size beyond 10(7) CFU/ml, and growth of the HAIN 55 cells was inhibited. Growth of the cells was also inhibited by the addition of the cytoplasmic fraction of Mycoplasma hominis. PMID- 7278708 TI - Neutralizing antibody to calf diarrhea coronavirus in various animal species in Japan. PMID- 7278709 TI - Properties of the biotin transport system in Bifidobacterium breve N4. AB - Binding of biotin to resting cells of Bifidobacterium breve N4, which grew in a biotin-deficient medium, was independent of pH from 1 to 9 and of temperature below 50 C. It was not inhibited by metabolic inhibitors including sulfhydryl reagents, but it was inhibited by treatment with 80% ethanol or 5% trichloroacetic acid. It was also competitively inhibited by biotin-sulfone, but not by tetrahydrothiophene nor dethiobiotin. The binding constant was calculated to be 3.3 X 10(8) M--1. The amount of biotin unextractable with hot water, representing part of the transported biotin, increased gradually for 20 min, this increase was inhibited by NaF, hydroxylamine and low temperature. 14C-biotin on the cells was displaced by cold biotin and biotin-sulfone; the displacement was not inhibited by metabolic inhibitors, but it was dependent on temperature. A few minutes after binding, the biotin was released to the medium. The release was dependent on pH and temperature, was affected by energy sources and was inhibited by metabolic inhibitors, e.g. NaF, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and hydroxylamine. It could be stopped at any time by cooling to 0 C or by adding NaF, and the amount of accumulated biotin did not increase under those conditions. These results suggest that the binding sites on the cell surface decreased in number or in their binding affinity for biotin through an energy-dependent process. PMID- 7278710 TI - Isolation and characterization of Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma from apparently healthy and diseased (infectious sinusitis) turkeys. AB - Investigation of 136 turkeys (24 manifesting infra-orbital sinusitis, 112 apparently healthy) resulted in isolation of 79 strains of Mycoplasma and 4 of Acholeplasma. By the disc growth inhibition test with 16 reference antisera of avian serogroups, 55 strains were identified serologically and 28 remained unidentified. Thirteen strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, 1 of M. meleagridis, and 2 of Acholeplasma laidlawii were isolated from turkey sinusitis whereas serogroups C (2), D (19), F (8), M. meleagridis (4), M. anatis (4), A. laidlawii (2), and 28 unidentified strains were isolated from apparently healthy turkeys. Three patterns were recognized on the basis of glucose, maltose, and sucrose, fermentation. The most frequent, pattern I, included 13 M. gallisepticum strains whereas 5 M. meleagridis strains belonged to fermentation pattern III. Isolates were also studied for reduction of tetrazolium, methylene blue, potassium tellurite, resistance to methylene blue and sodium taurocholate, and production of arginine deiminase and "film and sports." Inoculation of selected isolates into developing chick embryos revealed that 2 A. laidlawii strains were nonpathogenic and 13 M. gallisepticum, 1 serogroup D and 2 serogroup F strains were pathogenic, causing 50--100% mortality. In vitro antibiotic disc sensitivity tests indicated that rovamycin (solubilized spiramycin) may be recommended for turkey mycoplasmosis. Isolation of 2 A. laidlawii strains from turkey sinusitis and 4 M. anatis strains from apparently healthy turkeys appears interesting. PMID- 7278713 TI - [Fatty acid composition of bacteria in the genus Xanthomonas]. PMID- 7278712 TI - [Numerical classification and DNA nucleotide makeup of Pseudomonas species]. PMID- 7278714 TI - [Fusarium Lk. ex Fr. species on feeds and their toxicological characteristics]. PMID- 7278711 TI - Structure of a novel bacteriophage VP3 for Vibrio parahaemolyticus. PMID- 7278715 TI - [Infrared spectra of chemical fractions of Staphylococcus]. PMID- 7278716 TI - [Shigella and Salmonella viability in river water under different temperature conditions]. PMID- 7278717 TI - [Antimicrobial activity of bisbromomethylarylketone and amino ester derivatives]. PMID- 7278718 TI - [Effect of cycloheximide and actinomycin D on the makeup of Blakeslea trispora cell walls]. PMID- 7278723 TI - Aldosterone and the Gerson diet -- a speculation. PMID- 7278722 TI - [Biological properties and DNA nucleotide makeup of Pseudomonas bacteriophages]. AB - Fifty-two bacteriophages active against Pseudomonas bacteria were isolated from nautral sources and their following properties were studied: the morphology of negative colonies, the spectrum of lytic action, and the susceptibility to certain chemical and physical factors. One phage was shown to contain lipids. The content of GC pairs in the DNA of the phages determined from the melting temperature varied within the range of 46 to 67%. PMID- 7278720 TI - [Fermentation products and the pectolytic enzymatic activity in Clostridium felsineum strains differing in intensity of sporulation]. AB - Clostridium felsineum strains differing in the activity of pectolytic enzymes and the rate of spore formation varied also in the synthesis of fermentation products. Strains with the high rate of spore formation synthesized less butyric and propionic acids, but twice as much butanol; as a result, the proportion between butyric acid and butanol was 8 times as low as in the strains forming a small quantity of spores. The strains with the high activity of pectolytic enzymes contained 6.7 times more acetic acid, 3.5 times more ethanol and 2.7 times less propanol. PMID- 7278719 TI - [Endo-N-acetylglucosaminidase formed by Streptomyces levoris]. AB - Endo-N-acetylglucoseaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) was prepared from the cultural broth of Streptomyces levoris 96 using precipitation with ammonium sulfate, gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The isoelectric point of the enzyme is 4.2 Str. levoris produces various quantities of the enzyme depending on the composition of the growth medium. A medium in which the enzyme is produced in maximal amounts has been selected. The effect of peptidoglycan, cell walls and chitin added to the medium on the enzyme biosynthesis was studied. Chitin induced biosynthesis of the enzyme by 35--45%. PMID- 7278721 TI - [Microstructure of pea nodules infected with a neomycin-resistant mutant of nodule bacteria]. AB - The neomycin-resistance mutation of pea nodule bacteria does not interfere with the formation of infection threads when the bacterium inoculates the host plant, or with the axial differentiation of the nodular tissue. At the same time, intracellular neomycin-resistant nodule bacteria do not acquire the bacteroid structure. Once the bacterium is incorporated into the cytoplasm of the host cell, it loses the peribacteroid membrane and undergoes lysis. Therefore, the neomycin-resistant pea nodule bacterium realizes the initial infection stage (including the formation of infection threads), but is defective in the subsequent stages. Hence, the described stages of plant infection are determined by independent properties of the bacterium. PMID- 7278724 TI - Niacin flushing and schizophrenia. PMID- 7278726 TI - On the reversibility of tumor cells. AB - A review is given of several cases in which a neoplastic cell becomes a normal one. Emphasis is placed on the Lucke adenocarcinoma in the frog and on the case of terminal differentiation. The mysteries of cell fusion studies are discussed as well as the experiments of Mintz et al on teratocarcinoma of the mouse. In the case of the Lucke adenocarcinoma, a cytoplasmic protein probably causes the reversal of the neoplastic state. In the case of terminal differentiation, both controls for the S and M period of the cell cycle are such that these events are shut off. PMID- 7278725 TI - The consumption of seaweed as a protective factor in the etiology of breast cancer. AB - A review of the biological properties of seaweed is presented and the role of seaweed as a breast cancer anticarcinogen is suggested. Proposed mechanisms of action are: reduction of plasma cholesterol, binding of biliary steroids, inhibition of carcinogenic fecal flora, binding of pollutants, stimulation of the immune system, and the protective effects of beta-sitosterols. In an experiment using sarcoma-180 in mice, seaweed extract appeared to have an antitumor effect. Thus it is suggested that breast cancer may be prevented and that this dietary habit among the Japanese could be an important factor in understanding the lower breast cancer rates reported in Japan. PMID- 7278728 TI - Thromboxane may be important in the organ damage and hypotension of malaria. AB - Generalized circulatory changes, manifesting as pulmonary oedema, acute renal failure, liver damage and severe hypotension, are well recognized aspects of acute falciparum malaria. The organ pathology is thought to be associated with a restricted local blood flow. These aspects of falciparum malaria are strikingly analogous to the shock syndrome which follows trauma, the injection of indotoxin, or some bacterial infections. Two of the cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid, thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin, acting through their opposing effects on vasoactivity and platelet aggregation, are emerging as the major controlling influences of vascular homeostasis. The effects of thromboxane, which constricts blood vessels and aggregates platelets, appear to dominate during traumatic or endotoxic shock. Thus thromboxane is potentially one of the main mediators of endotoxicity, and as such, from our previously published model, is likely to be important in the pathogenesis of the circulatory disturbances seen in acute malaria. This suggestion is consistent with earlier evidence that the autonomic nerve supply and bradykinin may have an important role in the pathogenesis of the haemodynamic changes in this disease. It also implies that pharmacological antagonists of thromboxane may provide useful specific therapy for the main life threatening aspects of acute falciparum malaria. PMID- 7278727 TI - Prostaglandins and pulmonary hypertension-further evidence. AB - In recent years a flurry of reports have indicated that vasodilator therapy may be beneficial in patients with pulmonary hypertension. These vasodilator drugs are known to enhance prostacyclin or decrease thromboxane A2 synthesis, which may be the basis for their vasodilating affects. This implies that pulmonary vasoconstriction may be the initiating factor and that possibly prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 have a role in the pathogenesis of primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7278729 TI - What name for the second thyroid cell? PMID- 7278730 TI - A suggested mechanism for changing tumor cell phenotype: transfection of host cells with DNA sequences of dead tumor cells. AB - In observing the phenomenon of alterations of tumor cell phenotypes, one may envision a mechanism that induces the change in tumor cell characteristics and the appearance of metastasis. Schirrmacher (1) has suggested that the effect of the microenvironment on tumor cells influences the control of gene expression and that together with a selective process it may result in a newly arising phenotype. I suggest that in certain tumors the phenotypic change is the result of transfection of a mitotically active cell with certain DNA sequences arising from the tumor cells. Indirect evidence of support this suggested mechanism may be found in experimental results either interpreted differently or that happened to be by-products of experiments designed for other purposes. The appearance of tumors that acquire the allogeneic markers of their new allogeneic hosts suggests in vivo transfection with transforming DNA sequences (2, 4, 5, 6 7, 8). Experimental transfection of cells with DNA sequences resulting in transformation (19) strengthens this hypothesis. According to this hypothesis the immune system has a dual role in tumor alteration, it carries out the selection and it also induces the transformation of future new tumor phenotypes due to its potential to increase the availability of DNA breaks in the microenvironment. PMID- 7278731 TI - Bezoars, stones, thrombi, thrombophlebitis, emboli, vascular disorders, paralytic ileus, intercellular extravascular glue and dessication: fundamental physical factors in the formation of concretions. AB - Usually blood does not stagnate nor clot in its vessels. Spasm in a vein or artery, constricting the wall or sphincter, seines and assembles the ingredients of a thrombus. It further leads to rupture of the vessel's wall, so extravascular glue can complete or augment the recipe. The mechanisms of blood clotting, include three prime factors, stasis, dessication and extravascular glue. Idiopathic disorders of the arteries and veins and similar to each other and to those in other systems and, e.g. analogous to paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction. Dissecting, i.e. intralaminar hemorrhage in the pathogenesis of emboli, venous/arterial and vascular occlusion, merits more attention as do the sphincters and valves of the vascular system. PMID- 7278732 TI - Serum cholesterol and the aging process. AB - With advancing age, the average serum cholesterol level rises. Thus, older persons generally have higher cholesterol scores than do younger individuals. Quite apart, it is a generally agreed fact that older persons die more readily than younger people. Finally, there is general agreement that older persons with higher cholesterol levels die more readily, though not necessarily of cardiovascular disease, than older people without hypercholesterolemia. It then follows that, all other factors being equal, lowering hypercholesterolemia is, in fact, an expression of "making people younger". Two hundred and twenty-one routine private practice patients were studied before and after approximately two months of routine therapy including EDTA treatment and general supportive care including multivitamin-trace mineral supplementation. The evidence indicates, within the limits of this kind of study conducted in a private practice environment, that favorable changes occurred in serum cholesterol levels suggesting a possible reversal of the aging process. PMID- 7278733 TI - Crohn's disease and the enterohepatic circulation. AB - Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory process which may affect any part of the alimentary tract. This cause is unknown. Overall the distribution of the lesions coincides with that of the enterohepatic circulation. A possible causative agent is a metabolic or ingested substance excreted into the bile in the form of a polar and inactive conjugates. The agent would have to have a prolonged half life in the enterohepatic circulation. In the ileocaecal region and elsewhere when bacterial colonisation occurs the inactive conjugates may be hydrolysed to release the active substance. This would act locally on the intestinal tissues either as a result of altering the physicochemistry of mucus or during passage through the gut wall. PMID- 7278734 TI - Hypotheses on the molecular mechanism of action of tumor promoters. AB - This paper presents hypotheses concerning the molecular basis for tumor promotion. Phorbol and related ingenol esters fall into two groups - (a) those that are inflammatogens alone, and (b) those that are both inflammatogens and tumor promoters. Both of these are complementary to lipophilic groove A on the molecules of PLA2 and pro-PLA2. The difference between groups (a) and (b) lies significantly in the nature of the long hydrocarbon side chain. In compounds in group (a) these side chains are flexible or fixed curled over the body of the molecule; in compounds in group (b) they are inflexible (double-bonded). This suggests that an interaction with the lipid bilayer may be significant for State 1 promotion as a necessary, but not sufficient, factor for tumor promotion. Stage 2 promotion (also necessary, but not sufficient in itself) may involve activation of PLA2, possibly by activation or pronase. Possible receptor sites for TPA are reviewed to include a hypothetical external membrane receptor, PLA2, pro- PLA2, and PLC, as well as the possible nature of the endogenous ligand at the "TPA receptor" to include a phospholipid and a polypeptide. PMID- 7278735 TI - Manic depression--a disorder of central dopaminergic rhythm. AB - Starting from the fact that there are abnormal sweat K+ /Na+ ratios in both manics and depressives an attempt has been made to explain manic depression in terms of a disorder of the circadian rhythm of the adrenal glands. This, in turn, it is suggested, is caused by a defective circadian rhythm of central dopamine brought about by its having an abnormal response to ambient temperature change. PMID- 7278736 TI - The mechanism of stress and immunosuppression. AB - The effects of stress on the central nervous system, endocrine balance and immunity were observed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Food and water were supplied in unlimited quantities. Extraneous odors were kept away from the control room by an exhaust fan in the adjacent room. At 70 days, experimentation occured for 20 days. In the aspirin, parathroid, serotonin, and pineal groups, there was no significant difference between the undistrubed control and experimental groups. A significant reduction in both the pituitary and adrenal weights was seen in the melatonin experimental group and the undisturbed control group. The placebo control group showed a significant increase in both the pituitary and adrenal gland weights. Stress was blocked in the groups receiving aspirin, parathroid, serotonin, and pineal preparations. The melatonin group, however, very significantly blocked the stress in that both the pituitary and adrenal weights were significantly below the undisturbed control group. The aspirin blocked stress by inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandins. Melatonin works through the pituitary-adrenal axis to reduce adrenal secretion. PMID- 7278737 TI - Minimosymptomatic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. AB - Minimosymptomatic occlusion of the MCA before the origin of the perforating branches is an exceedingly rare occurrence. We report two cases of MCA occlusion at its origin, the second case proven by the CT scan in vivo. Published work rules out the possibility of a functionally effective deep collateral circulation in the distribution of the capsular rami of the MCA. In view of this we argue that there may be cases - admittedly very rare - in which, given the individual variability of the vascular supply, the MCA may be of negligible functional importance to the circulation of the internal capsule. In such cases occlusion of the MCA would be relatively well tolerated. PMID- 7278738 TI - A procedure for investigating cancer cluster reports. AB - Cancer clusters are described as epidemiologic leads to environmental determinants of cancer. A historical perspective of cancer cluster reports is offered with comments on the various investigative methods. A specific, systematic protocol for responding to cancer cluster reports is offered with a detailed example. Suggestions for decision making and comments on statistical analysis are also offered. Emphasis is placed on the participant interview and on the use of non-case data. PMID- 7278739 TI - Placebo-controlled tests of chemical food additives: are they valid? AB - Placebo-controlled studies of effects of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) and mixed synthetic food dyes in humans which have led to claims that these additives are safe in general use may be questioned on 3 methodological grounds: both active substance and placebo may be inadequately specified in published reports and potent common food allergens are used as placebos. PMID- 7278740 TI - The ethics of informed consent-protection, peril and pain ... for whom. PMID- 7278741 TI - Assessing reuse of disposables: an interdisciplinary challenge for the 1980s. PMID- 7278742 TI - Preparation of nonmedical personnel in the operating room environment. AB - The nonmedical visitor to the operating room often provides vital expertise in the effective care and treatment of the surgical patient using today's sophisticated technology. By becoming aware of the special environment in the operating room and following the guidelines set up by each institution, the biomedical equipment technician, clinical engineer, or manufacturer representative will enhance his or her effectiveness when the need for entering the operating room suite arises. Guidelines cover personal hygiene and clothing and antisepsis techniques (scrubbing, gowning, draping, patient preparation, and equipment cleaning) to prepare for the operating. The visitor in the OR must also observe rules of etiquette to guard against interference with the established procedure routine. PMID- 7278744 TI - The nurse's role in developing voluntary consensus standards. AB - Involvement in evaluating and selecting products for patient care is an important function of the nurse. Invaluable aids in product evaluation are standards developed by the FDA or other standards-writing organizations, defining minimum levels of performance, labeling, and safety for specific devices. Compliance with a voluntary consensus standard, which has been approved by consensus of a committee of experts representing manufacturers and users, is recommended. Nurses should be aware of device standards and recommended practices now available or being developed for specific devices. Often the standards-writing group has developed for specific devices. Often the standards-writing group has considered or will consider specific problems troubling the nurse. Involvement in the process itself will help ensure that these problems are addressed. PMID- 7278745 TI - Central service department: past, present, future. AB - Medical and nursing practices are changing. The diagnosis and treatment of patient illness are supported by sophisticated medical equipment. With all these new technologies, it is only logical that the role of the central service department must change. The well-planned and well-managed central service department will be based upon recognition by the department head and the hospital administration of (a) the advantages of centralization, (b) the objectives of the department, (c) the functions necessary to fulfill these objectives, and (d) the need for capable and well-trained employees. PMID- 7278743 TI - Nursing concerns and hospital product sterilization. AB - Nurses and other health care professionals must be aware of the rationale and methodology for in-hospital health care product standardization, including consideration of the hospital standardization committee composition, pilot-study prerequisites, and general evaluation criteria. They must be familiar with the techniques of product sterilization, their effectiveness, and the materials required to maintain sterile product shelf-life until a product is used. Hospital standardization committees can assist in the product-use decisionmaking process. Product evaluation criteria should include considerations pertaining to cost, quality, service, and comparison to similar products. PMID- 7278746 TI - The nurse and electronic data processing. PMID- 7278747 TI - Comparison of direct and indirect methods of measuring arterial blood pressure, part III. AB - Blood pressure measurements can be obtained in the clinical setting by a variety of methods, direct and indirect, but with varying results. Disparities between direct and indirect blood pressure measurements are due in part to physiological considerations, but are largely conditioned by the frequency response of the recording system. In this, the final part of a three-part series comparing blood pressure measuring techniques, the authors examine their own study of a group of patients undergoing surgery, and conclude that their study confirmed that was already known: direct measurements of systolic pressure correlate rather poorly with indirect measurements. In part I (Med. Instrum. January-February 1981), the authors concluded that comparative studies of direct and indirect blood pressure fall into two groups-those resulting in close agreement between methods, and those that do not. In part II (Med. Instrum. March-April 1981), they concluded that there is no easy solution to the problems confronting direct measurement of blood pressure, and that the, interim course seems to be insistence upon definition of the characteristics of measurement system employed in producing investigative data. PMID- 7278750 TI - Autoimmune bone marrow dysfunction. PMID- 7278748 TI - Simple technique for determining a recorder's lower 3 db point. PMID- 7278752 TI - Fetotoxic chemicals and drugs. PMID- 7278751 TI - Cancer and stress: counselling the cancer patient. AB - In addition to the commonly accepted aetiological agents of cancer, such as chemical carcinogens, oncogenic viruses, hereditary factors, irradiation, and chronic trauma, multiple psychological factors are also important. Among these are psychological depression, impaired emotional outlets, and perceived lack of closeness to parents. The effect of addressing these factors in addition to standard medical factors in addition to standard medical management is an important question to be answered. A pilot study is in progress, in which patients with medically advanced malignant disease are being counselled in addition to receiving appropriate medical treatment. Standard mental health processes of counselling are employed in a combination of individual and group counselling sessions. From 1974 through 1978, a total of 193 patients with medically advanced malignant disease have received counselling in addition to their medical treatment. The three most frequent diagnoses are breast cancer (71), bowel cancer (28), and lung cancer (24). These are also the three most common diagnoses in the United States. In this study we have observed median survival times of 38.5 months in advanced breast cancer, 22.5 months in advanced bowel cancer, and 14.5 months in advanced lung cancer. These survival times are considerably longer than expected median survival times reported in the literature. Our primary concern in using this approach was that the counselling be helpful and not detrimental to the duration of life, quality of life, and quality of death of the individual. Preliminary results indicate that counselling can be helpful and can also be detrimental, depending upon the dynamics of the relationships among the counsellor, the patients, the medical team and the family. This is a preliminary study, and many major questions remain unanswered. PMID- 7278749 TI - Computer analysis of motor performance. AB - Employing the techniques of electrogoniometry and force measurement, the authors devised a system that provides rapid, reliable, and objective evaluation of a motor task. Utilizing a high-speed minicomputer, various parameters of a motor task were recorded, analyzed, and displayed. This system was used to monitor recovery of motor function after surgery, during a drug regimen, and during electrical stimulation of specific sites in the central nervous system. PMID- 7278753 TI - Atmospheric pollution. AB - After a brief exposition of the structure and constituents of the atmosphere, this review paper discusses the nature of the criteria by which a particular material present as the result of human activity is to be regarded as a pollutant. The pollutants or potential pollutants likely to be found in urban air are noted, and the procedures for setting air-quality standards are outlined by way of two examples, ozone and lead. The provisional character of air-quality standard is emphasized. Special attention is given to photochemical smog as being a form of air pollution endemic to urbanized countries with warm climates like that of Australia. The characteristics of photochemical smog are discussed, and figures are presented to illustrate its prevalence in several Australian cities over the past few years. Finally, reference is made to research on the role of hydrocarbon emissions in the formation of smog conducted by the writer and his colleagues in the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO). PMID- 7278754 TI - Oral contraceptives: where are the excess deaths? AB - In the 1960s and 1970s a substantial body of data was published indicating an excess death rate, mainly related to a cluster of cardiovascular complications, in women who either were taking or had ever taken oral contraceptives. The epidemiological interpretation of these data has been seriously questioned, and many workers now think that the excess deaths in these women are almost entirely attributable to smoking. In addition, it is clear that the death rate from myocardial infarction in women in Australia, which has declined significantly in the last twelve years, is quite different from that seen in women in the United Kingdom, where the death rate from myocardial infarction continues to increases. The validity of basing warnings, contraindications and advice to patients regarding the use of oral contraceptives on data from different populations should be reconsidered. PMID- 7278755 TI - Zero population growth socio-medical consequences. PMID- 7278756 TI - Pain problems in general practice. PMID- 7278757 TI - Legal view of diagnostic and therapeutic hazards. PMID- 7278759 TI - Pancreatic ascites and pleural effusion. PMID- 7278758 TI - Surgical audit. PMID- 7278760 TI - Update on leprosy. PMID- 7278762 TI - Excessive washing and melanoma. PMID- 7278764 TI - Test-tube man. PMID- 7278765 TI - Cancer management in the 1980s. PMID- 7278763 TI - Herpes simplex encephalitis. PMID- 7278761 TI - Phenylpropanolamine and hypertension. PMID- 7278767 TI - Des--risk and response. PMID- 7278766 TI - Epidemic polyarthritis in northeastern Australia, 1978-1979. AB - In a study of epidemic polyarthritis in central and northern Queensland, clinical disease was observed most frequently in urban-dwelling adult females. Clinical and subclinical infections were detected year round, although the majority of clinical infections occurred between the months of January and June. In the communities studied, there were approximately 50 subclinical infections for each clinical infection. There was no detectable association between any HLA-A or HLA B phenotypes and epidemic polyarthritis. PMID- 7278769 TI - Infantile gastroenteritis relationship between cause, clinical course, and outcome. PMID- 7278768 TI - Evidence for transplacental transmission of Ross River virus in humans. AB - Immunoglobulin M antibody to Ross River virus was found in the cord blood of 11 368 children born to mothers who were pregnant during the epidemic of Ross River virus infection in Fiji, in 1979. Since IgM antibody does not normally cross the human placenta, these findings are suggestive of in-utero infection. Antibody to Ross River virus was also present in eight of the 11 mothers of children with IgM positive cord blood. One of the mothers with IgM-negative blood had no detectable haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody to Ross River virus. All children appeared normal at birth. PMID- 7278770 TI - Zinc deficiency and the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7278771 TI - Coronary artery spasm causing myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation. AB - A case of acute transmural anteroseptal infarction and ventricular fibrillation, in a woman with normal coronary arteries is presented. Severe coronary artery spasm was demonstrated angiographically, and is postulated as the cause of infarction and arrhythmia. PMID- 7278772 TI - Renal disease and sarcoidosis. AB - Renal involvement in sarcoidosis has recently been emphasized with increasing reports of associated glomerulonephritis. We report in detail a further case of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in association with sarcoidosis. In addition, a review of 75 cases of sarcoidosis at Royal Melbourne Hospital over a 10-year period revealed one case of membranous glomerulonephritis and one case of granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Seven patients in the series had nephrocalcinosis, and eight further patients had abnormalities of urinary sediment of clinical symptoms of renal involvement. These findings suggest that, though renal failure is rare, renal involvement in sarcoidosis is more frequent than has previously been reported. PMID- 7278773 TI - Australian slow reactors. PMID- 7278774 TI - Medical evidence: 2. Manner of giving. PMID- 7278775 TI - Taipan bite with myoglobinuria. PMID- 7278776 TI - Peritonitis caused by Alternaria alternata. PMID- 7278777 TI - Cervical cancer and promiscuity. PMID- 7278778 TI - Hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7278779 TI - Dietary differences and disease. PMID- 7278780 TI - Does Australia know how to cope with growing old? PMID- 7278781 TI - [Do we need hospices for the dying?]. PMID- 7278782 TI - [Kidney function in the aged and antibiotic therapy in urinary tract infections]. PMID- 7278783 TI - [Emergencies in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 7278784 TI - [Beware: propafenon potentiates the effect of oral anticoagulants]. AB - In a 68 years old female patient with premature ventricular contractions who was treated with phenprocoumon (Marcumar) because of pulmonary infarction, propafenon (Rytmonorm)--a new anti-arrhythmic drug--lead to an increased effect of coumarin. Inspite of pausing with coumarin for eight days the low Quick rates (less than 15%) did not increase until propafenon was stopped. Afterwards the coumarin treatment was continued with 1,5 to 3 mg a day. In case of a combined treatment with propafenon and coumarin Quick rates should be controlled frequently. PMID- 7278787 TI - [What is your diagnosis?]. PMID- 7278785 TI - [Injuries of skin nerves by jet injection vaccination]. PMID- 7278788 TI - [Effect and effectiveness]. PMID- 7278786 TI - [Antirheumatic treatment in old age and its effect on kidney function]. AB - 25 geriatric patients with normal renal function and ten patients with impaired renal function were treated with piroxicam (Felden) for osteoarthritis of the major joints. The objective was to determine the efficacy and toleration of the drug and, in particular, renal parameters and--in the case of the patients with renal insufficiency--the plasma levels of the drug. Piroxicam improved both pain and restricted movement in both groups and it caused only few side effects. The specific laboratory values did not change in the patients with normal renal function, while renal parameters sometimes even improved in the patients with renal insufficiency during the treatment with piroxicam. Piroxicam did not accumulate in these patients despite the impaired renal function; the plasma levels corresponded to those found in patients with normal renal function. PMID- 7278789 TI - [Advantages and problems of depot preparations]. PMID- 7278790 TI - [Melanotic eyelid and conjunctival tumors]. PMID- 7278793 TI - [Broader diagnosis in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7278792 TI - [Liver changes in acute rheumatic fever]. AB - Following the course of disease in a 19 year old patient with acute rheumatic fever we report the reaction of the liver parenchyma: on histological examination besides a marked steatosis several "unspecific" granulomas were seen. Nutritional and toxic factors were excluded aetiologically. Difficulties in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute mono/poly-arthritis as a leading symptom are discussed. PMID- 7278791 TI - [ECG diagnosis in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7278795 TI - [High altitude climate: adaptation of healthy persons and hypertensives]. PMID- 7278796 TI - [Functional colonic disorders: irritable colon]. PMID- 7278794 TI - [Yersinia infection can simulate acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7278797 TI - [Echinococcal cysts in the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7278798 TI - [Gastrectomy in congenital factor VII deficiency with substitution of factor VII concentrate]. AB - Case report of a 57-year old man, who had a severe congenital factor VII deficiency (factor VII 2%), and who was substituted with factor VII concentrate, before undergoing a subtotal gastrectomy. The patient was previously asymptomatic. The operation and wound-healing was without complication. That the patient, despite his factor VII deficiency, showed no clinical signs of a bleeding diathesis, raises the question, whether in such a case a factor VII substitution is necessary. 3 children of the patient (2 sons aged 25 and 23 years, and an 18 year old daughter) were examined and found to be heterozygote carriers to a degree of 32%, 42% and 60% factor VII; none showed sure signs of a bleeding tendency related to factor VII deficiency. PMID- 7278799 TI - [Experience with nearly 20,000 blind liver punctures]. AB - Report about the experience in almost 20000 cases of percutaneous liver biopsy. The puncture was done by Menghini needle. COMPLICATIONS: No case of death, 11 bleedings, 1 biliary peritonitis, 1 exudative pleurisy, 1 valvular pneumothorax, 2 hematothoraxes. In 5 cases laparotomy was necessary. The frequency of non lethal complications was 0,08%, of complications with following laparotomy 0,25%. All punctions were done with a needle caliber of 1,8 mm. Our experience shows that the risk of bleeding is not correlated with the caliber of the punction needle. In comparison with other statistics the postpunctional morbidity is distinctly better; fortunately we had no mortality. PMID- 7278800 TI - [Ovarian insufficiency--pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7278801 TI - [Sudden infant death]. PMID- 7278802 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery. PMID- 7278805 TI - Azathioprine (Imuran) for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7278803 TI - Albuterol. PMID- 7278804 TI - Danazol and other androgens for hereditary angioedema. PMID- 7278806 TI - The amantadine-sensitivity of recombinant and parental influenza virus strains. AB - Several wild-type influenza A strains together with recombinants derived from these strains, were tested for sensitivity to amantadine using the in vitro techniques of inhibition in egg-bit culture and plaque reduction in MDCK cells. The results obtained were analysed with reference to the derivation of the recombinants. Susceptibility to amantadine was related to the gene coding for matrix protein, and these data are in agreement with previous reports of studies using other series of influenza viruses. PMID- 7278807 TI - [Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Disease. I]. PMID- 7278808 TI - [Malaria vector study within the framework of the Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases]. PMID- 7278809 TI - [Tropical parasitology problems and an analysis of the activities of the Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases]. PMID- 7278810 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the retinal ganglion cells and retinal pigment epithelium of white rats exposed to chloroquine]. PMID- 7278811 TI - [Experience in using malathion to control Anopheles in irrigated regions of northeastern Afghanistan]. PMID- 7278813 TI - [Influence of the Kakhovka Reservoir on the fauna and population count of horseflies]. PMID- 7278812 TI - [Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of Mozambique]. PMID- 7278814 TI - [Cultivation of mollusks, the intermediate hosts of schistosomes (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7278815 TI - [Mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Ethiopian zoogeographic area. 1. A new subgenus of the genus Aeds for the area]. PMID- 7278816 TI - [Heart injuries - surgical treatment and results]. PMID- 7278817 TI - [Surgery of the ureterovesicular junction in children]. PMID- 7278818 TI - [The digital formula of the foot in school children]. PMID- 7278819 TI - [Urogenital trichomoniasis as a cause of male subfertility]. PMID- 7278820 TI - [Clinico-pathologic correlations of uterine hemorrhage in material examined in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Zrenjanin 1975-1979]. PMID- 7278825 TI - [Endometriosis in an episiotomy scar]. PMID- 7278821 TI - [Development of the corticobasolateral group of the amygdaloid complex in the human fetus]. PMID- 7278822 TI - [Rupture of the intraventricular septum in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7278823 TI - [Syphilis acquired during pregnancy]. PMID- 7278826 TI - [Intermittent exophthalmos -- a case report]. PMID- 7278824 TI - [Reconstruction of the external ear]. PMID- 7278827 TI - [Supraliminal tests of hearing fatigue]. PMID- 7278830 TI - Physician distribution. PMID- 7278829 TI - [Acute cor pulmonale in clinical practice]. PMID- 7278828 TI - [Recognition of the importance of Leptothrix vaginalis in the pathology of female genitalia]. PMID- 7278831 TI - The physician shortage of 1970. What happened? PMID- 7278832 TI - Evaluation of genitourinary trauma. PMID- 7278834 TI - Evaluation and resuscitation in head trauma. PMID- 7278833 TI - Evaluation of cardiac and great vessel trauma. PMID- 7278835 TI - Head and neck trauma: initial evaluation, diagnosis and management. PMID- 7278836 TI - Management of shock. PMID- 7278837 TI - Injury patterns and helmet effectiveness among hospitalized motorcyclists. PMID- 7278838 TI - Multiple trauma. Analysis of mortality. PMID- 7278839 TI - Bone scan appearance of stress fractures. Differentiation from osteosarcoma. PMID- 7278840 TI - Dismissal summaries in the small community hospital. A method of preparation. PMID- 7278841 TI - 1975 encephalitis epidemic in North Dakota and western Minnesota. An epidemiologic, clinical, and neuropathologic study. PMID- 7278842 TI - The issue of sleep monitoring and SIDS. PMID- 7278843 TI - Ascertainment of CF in Minnesota. PMID- 7278844 TI - The painful shoulder. PMID- 7278845 TI - Physicians and nutrition. A knowledge assessment. PMID- 7278846 TI - Selected topics in pediatric surgery. Current concepts of diagnosis and management. PMID- 7278848 TI - An approach to patients with recent onset of arthritis. Part II. PMID- 7278847 TI - Camping for diabetic children. PMID- 7278849 TI - Differential diagnosis of pain. PMID- 7278851 TI - Downer cows. PMID- 7278850 TI - Anaerobic bacterial infections. Characteristics, diagnosis, treatment. PMID- 7278852 TI - Esophageal obstruction by a wood bolus. PMID- 7278853 TI - Reflex epilepsy in a dog. PMID- 7278854 TI - Rocky mountain spotted fever in dogs and man. PMID- 7278855 TI - Evisceration of the gallbladder in a cow. PMID- 7278856 TI - Cross-pinning for repair of bilateral mandibular fracture in a bullock. PMID- 7278857 TI - The dying patient--doctor-client considerations. PMID- 7278861 TI - Comparative measurement by radioimmunoassay of the brain microtubule-associated protein MAP2. AB - The presence of the microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) in the brain of several species has been investigated by SDS-gel electrophoresis and by radioimmunoassay. This assay had a sensitivity of approx. 10 ng and it was capable of measuring the protein either in purified microtubules or in crude brain extracts. As determined with this radioimmunoassay, MAP2 accounted for about 10% of the porcine brain microtubule protein and 1% of the protein from a brain extract. Taking porcine MAP2 as a reference, we have detected polypeptides with the same electrophoretic mobility in brain microtubules from cow, sheep, rat and chicken. Nevertheless, the MAP2 from these species showed a variable degree of immunoreactivity. Bovine MAP2 appeared closely related to the porcine protein whereas the rat antigen showed low cross-reaction and chicken MAP2 appeared immunologically unrelated to porcine MAP2. Our results suggest a higher variability of the MAP2 sequences as compared to that reported by other authors for the brain microtubule protein, tubulin. PMID- 7278859 TI - Effect of Cibachron Blue F3GA on the polymerization of actin. AB - The effect of the dye Cibachron Blue F3GA on the G-F transformation of rabbit muscle actin has been studied with viscosimetry. The presence of the dye which is known to bind to nucleotide binding sites, decreased both the initial rate of polymerization of actin as well as the final viscosity of actin. Both these effects can be ascribed to an increase in the critical concentration of actin. The inhibitory effect of Cibachron Blue F3GA was counteracted by ATP, suggesting a competition between Cibachron Blue F3GA and ATP for the binding site/sites on actin. PMID- 7278858 TI - On the presence of carnitine acetyl transferase in human platelets. AB - The presence of carnitine acetyl transferase (E.C.2.3.1.7) activity has been found for the first time in human platelets. The enzymic activity was measured by a radiometric method based on the separation of labelled acetylcarnitine and carnitine on a cation exchange column. Carnitine acetyl transferase activity closely paralleled the activity distribution of the mitochondrial marker carnitine palmitoyl-transferase. Contrary to the marker enzyme, human platelet carnitine acetyl-transferase is rather thermosensitive: 60% of its activity is lost after 10 min when kept at 37 degree C. PMID- 7278860 TI - Insulin resistance in adipocytes from fed and fasted obese rats: dissociation of two insulin actions. AB - Adipocytes from 26-week-old Zucker rats (greater than 600 g) and controls of the same strain and age (greater than 400 g) served as models of insulin resistance and obesity. Adipocytes from fatty rats demonstrated insulin resistance of glucose metabolism and resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin which was not improved by fasting. Adipocytes from fatty rats were also resistant to the lipolytic action of norepinephrine. Control rats displayed insulin resistance of glucose metabolism and resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin. However, fasting for 6.5 days restored the antilipolytic action of insulin without affecting the insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism. This dissociation of the responsiveness of insulin actions by fasting indicates that there may be at least two mechanisms of insulin resistance in the same cell. PMID- 7278863 TI - [Glucocorticoid-receptor complexes of rat liver. II. Interaction with natural and synthetic polynucleotides]. AB - The relative affinities of [3H]dexamethasone-labelled glucocorticoid-receptor complexes (GRC) from rat liver to various natural and synthetic polynucleotides differing in base composition and secondary structure have been determined. The modified competition assay procedure with use of DNA-cellulose was employed. The interaction of 150-2000 fold purified GRC with polyribo- and polydeoxyribonucleotides greatly depends on their base composition and nucleotide sequences. This interaction is hardly affected by the structure (ribo- or deoxyribo-) of the sugar-phosphate backbone or its size and is in fact independent of the secondary structure (single- or double-stranded forms) of polynucleotides. Mixtures of mononucleotides or apurinic DNA do not compete with DNA-cellulose for GRC binding. In the presence of cytosol, GRC bind double stranded rather than single-stranded DNA, the fact possibly reflecting different effects of cytoplasmic proteins on the accessibility to GRC of polynucleotides of dissimilar secondary structure. The apparent equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of the ternary complexes of GRC with some synthetic polynucleotides were calculated. In case of double-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotide poly(dA) . poly(dT) Kd is equal to (1.2 +/- 0.6) x 10(-4) M; this value may characterize a nonspecific GRC--DNA interaction. It is supposed that GRC interact with high affinity (Kd approximately 10(-7)--10(-8) M) with short (5-10 nucleotides long) DNA sequences in which certain purine and pyrimidine residues are interspersed. Such DNA sequences may represent sites of primary action of GRC on the cellular genome in vivo. PMID- 7278862 TI - [Kinetics of the reaction between formaldehyde and proteins]. AB - The reaction between formaldehyde and protein has been studied with the use of a radioactive indicator. In the presence of excess formaldehyde the reaction is kinetically of the first order. The accordance of experimental results to the kinetic scheme of a biphasic process was shown. On this basis experimental and veritable rate constants, equilibrium constants of mono- and dimetilol derivatives formation, the energy of activation and pseudothermodynamic parameters were determined. The dependence of reaction rate and degree of protein modification from formaldehyde concentration and temperature are discussed. Given results permit to optimize and control the process of interaction between formaldehyde and proteins. PMID- 7278866 TI - Perinatal diseases. PMID- 7278864 TI - [Kinetic description and a model of the correction mechanism of bifunctional DNA polymerases]. AB - Bifunctional DNA-polymerases catalysed matrix-dependent synthesis of DNA chains is accompanied by the correction of non-correct nucleotides incorporation through exonuclease excision. To study the models of the correction mechanism a method of stationary graphs was used. This method gives possibility to deduce easily the equations which describe the frequency of mistakes in the growing DNA chain as a function of DNA-polymerase activity. Two mechanisms of correction (mechanism of immediate correction and mechanism of following correction) are proved on the base of simple models of DNA chain biosynthesis on a homopolymer matrix with the participation of correct and non-correct substrates. Effect of kinetic parameters, characterizing the inclusion and elimination processes of correct and non-correct nucleotides, on the replication fidelity was analysed. One of two investigated models was chosen on the base of known experimental data. PMID- 7278865 TI - Perinatal diseases, a neglected area of the medical sciences. PMID- 7278868 TI - The placenta, how to examine it, its normal growth and development. PMID- 7278867 TI - Reproductive failure. A survey of pathogenic mechanisms with emphasis on mechanisms for repeated failures. PMID- 7278869 TI - A mouse-cell mutant sensitive to ionizing radiation is hypermutable by low doses of gamma-radiation. AB - The mutant mouse lymphoma cell M10, which is sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate and ionizing radiation, was compared with the parental L5178Y cells for mutation induction after gamma-irradiation. The rate of induced mutations to 6-thioguanine resistance in L5178Y cells was 2-3 X 10(-7) per R, as determined after exposures ranging from 25 to 500 R. The induced mutation frequency per unit dose per locus in M10 cells was about 4 times higher than that in L5178Y cells at the lower doses of exposure (25-75 R), but it declined sharply at the higher doses of gamma rays (100-150 R). The rate of induced mutation per unit cell killing in M10 cells was nearly the same as that in L5178Y cells when they were compared at the levels of lower cell killing. PMID- 7278870 TI - Isolation of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-defective mutants in Chinese hamster V79 cells by tritium suicide. AB - Tritium suicide was shown to be a highly efficient method for isolating mutants defective in hypoxanthine incorporation in the Chinese hamster lung cell line V79. The tritium suicide procedure consisted of 3 kill cycles. Survivors of one kill cycle were used for the next kill cycle. The kill cycles involved incorporation of [3H]hypoxanthine for 5 or 10 min, followed by storage of 3H labelled cells at -70 degrees C for 4-10 days. 12 clones that survived the 3rd kill cycle were tested for incorporation of [3H]hypoxanthine and all were found to be defective. At lest 6 of the clones have defective hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity. One mutant, H19, chosen for further characterization, had HPRT with a 13-fold elevation in apparent Km for phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP). Thin-layer chromatography of cell extracts showed that this mutant was incapable of converting intracellular hypoxanthine to IMP or to other purine metabolites. In addition, H19 as resistant to 6 thioguanine. PMID- 7278872 TI - Chromosomal analysis in vinyl chloride exposed workers: comparison of the standard technique with the sister-chromatid exchange technique. AB - A group of 21 workers occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride and 6 controls were examined for the presence of chromosomal aberrations or sister-chromatid exchanges in their peripheral lymphocytes. These people comprised a second sampling from a group of exposed workers and controls first examined 18 months earlier. The vinyl chloride exposed workers showed levels of chromosomal aberrations elevated above those of the controls, but there was only a slight increase in sister-chromatid exchanges (per cell or per chromosome) and this increase was not statistically significant. Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were also examined from in vitro cultures of lymphocytes exposed in G0/early G1 and late G1/early S phase to vinyl chloride, both with and without metabolic activation. There was no increase in SCEs in vitro without metabolic activation but there was a marked increase with metabolic activation and this increase was shown to be independent of cell-cycle phase. It thus was apparent that the small increases of SCEs in workers were not due to the inability of vinyl chloride to induce SCEs in human lymphocytes but were probably because of low exposures and SCE levels could have returned to normal relatively quickly after exposure. The present study suggested that the analysis of longer-living conventional chromosomal aberrations appeared to be a more sensitive monitor of exposure to vinyl chloride in exposed workers than the estimation of SCEs; however, it should be noted that in a 3rd sampling taken 24 months later the exposed workers had chromosomal aberration levels similar to the controls. PMID- 7278871 TI - Dose-rate effects of gamma-ray-induced mutations in cultured mammalian cells. AB - The dose-rate dependency of three radiobiological parameters, cell killing and mutations resistant to 6-thioguanine (6-TGr) and to methotrexate (MTXr), were studied in populations of mouse L5178Y cells exposed to gamma-rays. When the dose rate was reduced from 50 rad/min to 0.8 rad/min, the shape of the dose--response curves changed from sigmoidal to exponential for cell killing, from upward concave to linear in 6-TGr mutations and remained linear in MTXr mutations. A linear quadratic model appears capable of explaining the cell killing and 6-TGr mutations but not the MTXr mutations. The declining patterns of induced mutation frequencies of 6-TGr and MTXr with decreasing dose rate seem to be similar. The addition of DMSO resulted in protection of cells from cell killing, 6-TGr and MTXr mutations with acute exposure, but had little effect with chronic exposure. The reduction of mutation frequency of the 6-TGr marker with chronic exposure was eliminated by holding cells in ice-cold condition during irradiation. These results suggest that there may be two components of induced mutation. One results primarily from repairable damage induced by the indirect action of radiation and shows a clear dose-rate dependency. The other is mainly from no-repairable damage by the direct action of radiation and is only slightly dose rate-dependent. Under chronic exposure conditions, the latter may predominate. PMID- 7278873 TI - Preliminary investigation on the ecology of Dermatophilus congolensis. PMID- 7278874 TI - Studies on parasitic watermolds of Kumaun Himalaya; host range of Achlya americana Humphrey, on certain temperate fish. PMID- 7278875 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of dermatophyte colonies on agar surface. PMID- 7278876 TI - [On the epidemiology of candidoses in pharynx and oral cavity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7278878 TI - [Ultrastructure of the apical cells in Microsporum gypseum following growth inhibition by ultraviolet light (author's transl)]. PMID- 7278877 TI - The effect of econazole in experimental oculomycosis in rabbits. PMID- 7278879 TI - Electron microscopy of the tissue phase formation of Blastomyces dermatitidis in vitro and in naturally infected canine lung. PMID- 7278881 TI - Isolation and characterization of surface antigens from Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula. AB - Surface antigens of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula were isolated using antibodies produced in rat and human schistosomiasis. Three immunoreactive surface proteins of 40 000, 37 000 and 32 000 daltons were identified by SDS-PAGE analysis of immune complexes formed by incubation of a detergent extract of surface labelled schistosomula with infected rat sera. Surface antigens of similar molecular weight were also isolated when using sera of patients with schistosomiasis. Binding of schistosomula surface antigens to specific antibodies was substantially inhibited by components released by adult worms. The results suggest that these schistosomula surface antigens could be involved in the immune response against challenge infection but their protective role in immunity still remains to be determined. PMID- 7278880 TI - Hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity in mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or treated with trypanocides. AB - Three days after mice were inoculated with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, total hepatic cytochrome P-450 levels were decreased 14% from control values, while the specific mixed-function oxidase activity (per nmole of cytochrome P-450) was inhibited almost 40% in infected animals. Furthermore, drugs used to treat trypanosomiasis (Suramin and Melarsoprol B) are themselves potent in vitro inhibitors of hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity. These two trypanocides also produced a decrease in mixed-function oxidations and an increase in pentobarbital sleeping time when administered intraperitoneally in vivo. These results demonstrate that mice with trypanosomiasis or undergoing trypanosome chemotherapy have a significantly impaired capacity to metabolize foreign compounds. PMID- 7278882 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: modulation of schistosomular lipid composition by serum. AB - Human serum and foetal calf serum have been compared in terms of their ability to modify the biochemical and immunological properties of the schistosomular surface. Artificially transformed schistosomula were incubated in the presence of serum for 24 h and then radioiodinated using the chloramine T method. With this method only lipids are labelled. Foetal calf serum produces a net loss of lipids from the schistosomula, particularly of mono- and diglycerides. Human serum however, promotes not only a loss of mono- and diglycerides, but also a substantial uptake of cholesterol and triglycerides. Schistosomula recovered from the lungs of mice could also be labelled and contained besides triglycerides, an increased amount of cholesterol esters. The modulation of surface lipids in worms cultured with human serum correlates with the observation that such schistosomula develop significantly greater protection against eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro than do individuals incubated with foetal calf serum. On the other hand, schistosomula cultured in the presence of either human serum or foetal calf serum develop the same degree of protection against complement-dependent lethal antibody; this result indicates that resistance against complement-mediated damage may be independent of the uptake of cholesterol and/or triglycerides, and might involve only limited alterations in the surface configuration of the schistosomulum. PMID- 7278885 TI - Hawkinsinuria: a dominantly inherited defect of tyrosine metabolism with severe effects in infancy. PMID- 7278884 TI - Quality of institutional participation in multicenter clinical trials. AB - We studied the relation between an institution's degree of participation in a multicenter clinical trial and the quality of its participation. The quality of participation was judged on the basis of the percentage of patients entered into the trial who were in fact eligible, who were treated in accordance with the protocol, and for whom the appropriate forms were received. Those who satisfied these criteria were termed "valid" patients. Institutions were divided into two groups, "major participants" and "minor participants," according to the number of patients they entered in the trial. In a detailed analysis of a multicenter trial of chemotherapy for soft-tissue sarcoma, we found that major participants had a significantly higher percentage of valid patients than did minor participants (81 per cent vs. 39 per cent) and that the minor participants were actually detrimental to the study from both scientific and administrative viewpoints. These results suggest that institutions should not participate in multicenter studies unless they can enter some predetermined minimal number of patients per year. PMID- 7278883 TI - Purine metabolism by the avian malarial parasite Plasmodium lophurae. AB - Extracts of normal duckling erythrocytes catabolized AMP to IMP, inosine and hypoxanthine; adenosine and adenine were not formed from AMP. When erythrocyte free Plasmodium lophurae, prepared by antibody lysis, were incubated in the presence of [14C]hypoxanthine approximately 60% of the label was recovered as purine nucleotides and there was not evidence of extracellular alteration of added hypoxanthine. However, when adenosine was added to suspensions of antibody- or saponin-prepared parasites extensive conversion to inosine and hypoxanthine occurred. This conversion was found to be the result of parasite lysis with release of cytosolic purine salvage pathway enzymes; plasmodial surface membrane ecto-enzymes were not responsible for adenosine catabolism. It appears that in vivo the intracellular plasmodium utilizes the normal erythrocytic process of purine turnover to avail itself of hypoxanthine, the red cell's end product, and at the same time the parasite avoids direct competition for adenosine essential to erythrocyte survival. Since the blood plasma of infected ducklings contained increased amounts of hypoxanthine it is possible that P. lophurae also utilizes this as a purine source. PMID- 7278886 TI - CAse records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 41-1981. A 77-year-old man with epigastric pain, hypercalcemia, and a retroperitoneal mass. PMID- 7278887 TI - Sounding Boards. Three years after Bakke: a reaffirmation. PMID- 7278889 TI - Mortality in cigarette smokers and quitters. PMID- 7278888 TI - Sounding Boards. The development of a physician-investigator training program. PMID- 7278890 TI - Reproductive potential after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7278891 TI - Platelet activation in antigen-induced bronchoconstriction. PMID- 7278892 TI - Pregnancy after cyproheptadine treatment for Cushing's disease. PMID- 7278894 TI - Obtaining sputum for cytology. PMID- 7278893 TI - No increase in multiple sclerosis among veterinarians. PMID- 7278895 TI - The hypochondriacal patient. PMID- 7278896 TI - Health and medicine on television. PMID- 7278897 TI - Deaths during the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens. PMID- 7278898 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 42-1981. An 82-year-old man with recurrent fever and pleural effusion. PMID- 7278899 TI - Emesis as a critical problem in chemotherapy. PMID- 7278900 TI - What role for the diagnostic pathologist? PMID- 7278901 TI - Placement of ventriculo-amniotic shunt for hydrocephalus in a fetus. PMID- 7278902 TI - Traumatic acute subdural hematoma. PMID- 7278903 TI - Nipple shadows in X-ray films. PMID- 7278904 TI - Choline for blepharospasm. PMID- 7278906 TI - Timolol for vasomotor rhinitis. PMID- 7278907 TI - Endorphins and ventilatory control. PMID- 7278905 TI - Localized hirsutism after radical inguinal lymphadenectomy. PMID- 7278908 TI - Antishock garments. PMID- 7278909 TI - IgE levels in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7278910 TI - Flutist's neuropathy. PMID- 7278912 TI - Treating intractable rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7278911 TI - Ladder shins. PMID- 7278913 TI - Basic defects in Marfan syndrome. PMID- 7278914 TI - Chemotherapy and tamoxifen for breast cancer. PMID- 7278915 TI - Treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a cautionary note. PMID- 7278916 TI - Neuraminidase and free sialic acid levels in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7278917 TI - What's below the surface? PMID- 7278918 TI - Bee sting of the esophagus. PMID- 7278919 TI - Hunan hand. PMID- 7278920 TI - New York state and students and graduates of foreign medical schools. PMID- 7278921 TI - Health policy report: shrinking federal support brings new era to education in the health professions. PMID- 7278922 TI - Speech and survival: tradeoffs between quality and quantity of life in laryngeal cancer. AB - In State T3 carcinoma of the larynx (carcinoma restricted to the vocal cords, causing complete immobility of the cords but not extending to adjacent structures), laryngectomy leads to a three-year survival rate of approximately 60 per cent and the loss of normal speech. Radiation therapy, on the other hand, leads to a lower survival (30 to 40 per cent at three years) but preserves normal or nearly normal speech. We investigated attitudes toward the quantity and quality of life in 37 healthy volunteers, interviewing 12 firefighters and 25 middle and upper management executives to determine their preferences for longevity and voice preservation. We used the principles of expected utility theory to develop a method for sharpening decisions involving tradeoffs between quantity and quality of life. Our analysis indicates that to maintain their voices, approximately 20 per cent of volunteers would choose radiation instead of surgery. These results suggest that treatment choices should be made on the basis of patients' attitudes toward the quality as well as the quantity of survival. PMID- 7278923 TI - The Marfan syndrome: a deficiency in chemically stable collagen cross-links. PMID- 7278924 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 43-1981. A 54-year-old man with an 11-year history of chronic inflammation of the orbit and paranasal sinuses. PMID- 7278925 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 44-1981. Pericardial disorder after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7278926 TI - Tamoxifen before orchiectomy for breast cancer in men. PMID- 7278928 TI - Metoclopramide. PMID- 7278930 TI - Creatinine measurement in urine contaminated with stool. PMID- 7278927 TI - Bromocriptine in acromegaly. PMID- 7278929 TI - Asymptomatic hepatitis B carriers in a family. PMID- 7278932 TI - Cooling for first aid in snake bite. PMID- 7278931 TI - Mitral-valve prolapse in a patient with translocation of chromosomes 14 and 18. PMID- 7278933 TI - Endogenous opioids (endorphins) and the control of breathing. PMID- 7278935 TI - Myocytes, macrophages, and "atheromas". PMID- 7278934 TI - Occult pericardial effusion in pregnancy. PMID- 7278936 TI - Properdin deficiency with IgA nephropathy. PMID- 7278937 TI - Between never and always. PMID- 7278939 TI - Curvularia lunata in experimental phaeohyphomycosis. AB - Curvularia lunata strain SP, isolated from a disseminated human infection, infected normal mice, but three other strains of C. lunata and one each of C. pallescens and C. spicifera did not. The SP strain was recovered in cultures from, and hyphal filaments were observed in, abscesses in the liver and spleen of experimentally infected mice. All strains of Curvularia infected mice treated with 400 rads X-irradiation and 10.0 mg cortisone, but at 400 rads and 5.0 mg only two strains of C. lunata (SP and Ghosh) and C. pallescens and C. spicifera infected mice. At 200 rads and 10.0 mg, C. lunata Sp, C. pallescens and C. spicifera; and at 200 rads and 5.0 mg, only C. lunata SP and C. pallescens caused infection. After X-irradiation (200 or 400 rads) or cortisone (5.0 or 10.0 mg) alone only C. lunata SP caused infections in mice. PMID- 7278938 TI - The gamut of progressive pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis. AB - Paracoccidioidomycosis is an important Latin American endemy. The lung is the portal of entrance of the infection and the lesions are confined to this organ in, at least, 30 per cent of the progressive cases. Twelve case histories of patients with the progressive pulmonary form are presented in order to illustrate the repetitious clinical manifestations but the large variety of radiological presentations. The mycologic diagnosis is also emphasized. PMID- 7278940 TI - [Prototheca zopfii colonizing the nail]. PMID- 7278941 TI - Geographic variation of Hodgkin's disease in Japan. PMID- 7278943 TI - Antitumor activities of seventeen alkylating agents against human mammary carcinoma (MS-1) in nude mice. PMID- 7278942 TI - Bladder cancer and HLA antigens. PMID- 7278944 TI - Actual problems of research in food science. AB - Starting from the necessary trend towards development in the field of food production, the author outlines, on the basis of current knowledge, the problems to be solved in food science. A general research conception is deduced for the essential nutrient "protein" (as an example) which is illustrated by results from studies on protein fibre and protein gel formation. PMID- 7278945 TI - [Significance and importance of enzyme diagnosis in the framework of toxicological studies of plant protectives, pesticides and agents for biological process control]. AB - In toxicological experimentation, clinico-chemical and biochemical data are increasingly involved in the comprehensive evaluation of adverse effects of plant protectives, pesticides and agents for the biological process control on the mammalian organism. Blood serum and urine or organic homogenates from experimental animals kept under standardized conditions are chiefly used for enzymodiagnostic analyses. Changes in enzyme activity occurring under the influence of the bioactive test substances must be regarded as indicative of direct effects on the biocatalyst, metabolic changes or impairments of certain organs. PMID- 7278946 TI - [Characterization of the cleaving mechanism of pectinesterase of Aspergillus niger]. PMID- 7278947 TI - [Changes in the biological protein value of wheat grain caused by manufacture into flour and gluten]. AB - The authors determined the amino-acid composition of the proteins of whole wheat grain, flour and gluten, and calculated the biological protein values of these products from the data obtained. The decrease in the contents of the single amino acids was as follows: flour, 8--13% (as compared to whole grain); and gluten, 2- 5% (as compared to flour). The decrease in the biological protein value according to Mitchell was: wheat flour, 5% (as compared to whole grain); and gluten, 8% (as compared to flour). The decrease in the biological protein value according to Oser was: flour, 9% (as compared to whole grain); and gluten, 26% (as compared to flour). PMID- 7278948 TI - Isolation of the 12 S globulin from rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and characterization as a "neutral" protein. On seed proteins. Part 13. AB - An isolation procedure for the 12 S rapeseed globulin is described which includes precipitation by dialysis, purification using gel chromatography on Sephadex G 200, and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The isolated globulin represents a neutral protein with an isoelectric point at pH 7.25--determined by isoelectric focusing--and a relation of the acidic to basic amino acid residues (epsilon Glu, Asp--Amide ammonia: epsilon Arg, Lys, His) of 1.0. As in other storage globulins high contents of glutamic (19%) and aspartic (10%) acid and a low content of sulphur containing amino acids are characteristic for the amino acid composition. Amongst the basic amino acids arginine has the highest percentage (7%). Opposite to results of other authors the sugar content of the globulin is low (0.5%). From the amino acid composition an average hydrophobicity according to Bigelow was calculated which amounts to be 1041 cal/res. (4.36 kJ/res.). PMID- 7278949 TI - Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part I. Ochratoxin, citrinin, sterigmatocystin, penicillic acid and toxigenic fungi in cereal grain. AB - Contamination with ochratoxin A mainly and also with citrinin, penicillic acid and sterigmatocystin was observed in moldy cereal grain samples (wheat, rye, and barley), during 1975-1978 years. The levels of cereal grain contamination in various years were very different. However usually during two months after harvest percentage of contaminated samples was 5-7% and ochratoxin A content not higher than 140 microgram/kg. During storage of grain with high moisture content slow increase of contamination level was observed-particularly during January and February - to level 1-3 mg/kg. Cereal grain from commercial channels was contaminated with fungi spores sometimes up to 10(9) spores per gram. Aspergillus and Penicillium were predominating species. Between 69 fungi isolates typical for barley kernels 13 were procedures of ochratoxin, sterigmatocystin, penicillic acid and F-2 toxin. Results for wheat and rye will be published later. PMID- 7278951 TI - Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results: incidence and mortality data, 1973 77. PMID- 7278950 TI - Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part II. The fate of ochratoxin A after processing of wheat and barley grain. AB - Ochratoxin A was to be evenly distributed in kernels of different lots of wheat and barley grain. Dry cleaning and wet cleaning did not eliminate ochratoxin from grain. After milling the level of ochratoxin in flour was similar to its concentration in bran. In pearl barley concentration of ochratoxin A stated only 10-30% of initial concentration in barley grain. Detoxification is necessary for the whole kernel, because processing did not remove ochratoxin A effectively. PMID- 7278952 TI - Cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, 1973-77. PMID- 7278953 TI - Cancer incidence and mortality in Connecticut, 1973-77. PMID- 7278954 TI - Cancer incidence and mortality in Metropolitan Detroit, 1973-77. PMID- 7278955 TI - Cancer incidence and mortality in Iowa, 1973-77. PMID- 7278956 TI - Cancer incidence and mortality in Metropolitan Atlanta, 1975-77. PMID- 7278957 TI - Cancer incidence and mortality in Metropolitan New Orleans, 1974-77. PMID- 7278958 TI - Cancer incidence and mortality in New Mexico, 1973-77. PMID- 7278960 TI - Cancer incidence and mortality in Seattle-Puget Sound, 1974-77. PMID- 7278959 TI - Cancer incidence and mortality in Utah, 1973-77. PMID- 7278961 TI - Cancer incidence and mortality in San Francisco-Oakland SMSA, 1973-77. PMID- 7278962 TI - Cancer incidence and mortality in Hawaii, 1973-77. PMID- 7278963 TI - Cancer incidence and mortality in Puerto Rico, 1973-77. PMID- 7278964 TI - A gradient of membrane protein in the retina. PMID- 7278966 TI - Preferential adhesion of tectal membranes to anterior embryonic chick retina neurites. PMID- 7278965 TI - Oestradiol, sexual receptivity and cytosol progestin receptors in rat hypothalamus. PMID- 7278967 TI - One gene, but two messenger RNAs encode liver L and red cell L' pyruvate kinase subunits. PMID- 7278968 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin gene of a human influenza virus H1 subtype. PMID- 7278969 TI - Neutron diffraction reveals oxygen-histidine hydrogen bond in oxymyoglobin. PMID- 7278971 TI - Modern light microscopy. PMID- 7278970 TI - Organic solvents modify the calcium control of flagellar movement in sea urchin sperm. PMID- 7278972 TI - Can passive tactile perception be better than active. PMID- 7278973 TI - Risk of radon. PMID- 7278974 TI - Agricultural production and malaria resurgence in Central America and India. PMID- 7278975 TI - Cholinergic neurones and memory. PMID- 7278976 TI - How different are human races? PMID- 7278977 TI - Is volcanic ash a pneumoconiosis risk? PMID- 7278978 TI - Inherited retinal dystrophy in RCS rats: a deficiency in vitamin A esterification in pigment epithelium. PMID- 7278979 TI - Retinal bipolar cells with double colour-opponent receptive fields. PMID- 7278981 TI - Two variant surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma brucei have a conserved C terminus. PMID- 7278982 TI - Changes in the helical repeat of poly(dG-m5dC) . poly(dG-m5dC) and poly(dG-dC) . poly(dG-dC) associated with the B-Z transition. PMID- 7278980 TI - Cell-specific drug transfer from liposomes bearing monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 7278983 TI - Phospholipid bilayer deformations associated with interbilayer contact and fusion. PMID- 7278985 TI - Test-tube babies, 1981. AB - Between fifteen and twenty babies will be born this year after the in vitro fertilization of human eggs. Many of the essential steps now have high rates of success, including the recovery of preovulatory oocytes, and fertilization and embryo cleavage in vitro. Implantation of the embryo following its replacement in the mother remains the major difficulty. Some implications of the work are discussed. PMID- 7278984 TI - Molecular packing in collagen. PMID- 7278986 TI - Vision and the optic flow field. PMID- 7278987 TI - Calcium-binding protein parvalbumin as a neuronal marker. PMID- 7278989 TI - Gated binding of ligands to proteins. PMID- 7278990 TI - Low-frequency resonance Raman spectroscopy of the deoxyhaemoglobin transient of photolysed carboxyhaemoglobin. PMID- 7278991 TI - Toxic edible oils. PMID- 7278988 TI - Primary structure of C-terminal functional sites in ovine rhodopsin. PMID- 7278992 TI - Visual orientation behaviour of flies after selective laser beam ablation of interneurones. PMID- 7278994 TI - Three-dimensional structure of the enzyme catalase. PMID- 7278993 TI - Generation of long mRNA for membrane immunoglobulin gamma 2a chains by differential splicing. PMID- 7278997 TI - Categorical perception of mouse pup ultrasound by lactating females. PMID- 7278995 TI - [Cell division and cell cycle]. AB - The paper gives a short review of biochemical and genetic analyses of the eukaryotic cell cycle and cell division. Emphasis is placed on the interrelationship of macromolecular syntheses during chromosome replication, the possible involvement of protein phosphorylation in chromosome condensation, the function of contractile proteins in mitosis and cytokinesis and on mechanisms which trigger cell proliferation. PMID- 7278996 TI - [Gene structure and gene expression. Chicken lysozyme gene]. AB - In the chicken oviduct the synthesis of the egg-white proteins ovalbumin, conalbumin, ovomucoid and lysozyme is controlled by the female sex steroids. The steroid-controlled rate of synthesis of these proteins is closely correlated to the cellular concentration of the egg-white protein mRNAs. The accumulation of these mRNAs is achieved by a decreased rate of degradation and an increased rate of synthesis. To understand the molecular mechanism that regulates the expression of this group of genes we have isolated the lysozyme and ovomucoid gene by gene cloning. The structure and expression of the lysozyme gene has been studied. PMID- 7278999 TI - The uptake of (131)I-labelled transferrin in tumor and liver tissue influenced by methodical variables. PMID- 7278998 TI - Super-active enkephalin analogues. Simple tripeptide hydroxyalkylamides exhibit surprisingly high and long-lasting opioid activities. PMID- 7279000 TI - [The patentability of the human genome]. PMID- 7279001 TI - Hind limb ataxia following section of neck muscles in cat. PMID- 7279002 TI - The newt as a model for studying dyserythropoiesis. PMID- 7279004 TI - The activities of monoamine oxidase-A and -B, succinate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase in the rat brain after hemitransection. AB - The activities of monoamine oxidase-A and -B were determined in four brain regions (limbic system, occipito-temporal cortex, hemispheres and striatum) of the rat 0, 3, 6, 9 and 14 days after hemitransection of the left side. No larger or consistent change in the activity of monoamine oxidase-A towards 5 hydroxytryptamine was found for the left (hemitransected) side with respect to the right side for any of the rats. The monoamine oxidase-B activity towards beta phenethylamine increased in the left side striatum to a significant level by 3 days, and in the hemispheres and occipito-temporal cortex on the left side, with respect to the right side by 9 days, but no significant changes were found for the limbic system. A small decrease in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase was found in the striatum on the left side by 9 days after hemitransection, but no change in the activity of acid phosphatase was found in this brain region. PMID- 7279003 TI - Demonstration of specific vascular dopamine receptors mediating vasodilation on the isolated rabbit mesenteric artery. PMID- 7279005 TI - Two different ATP-dependent mechanisms for calcium uptake into chromaffin granules and mitochondria. PMID- 7279006 TI - The positive inotropic effect of (-)-noradrenaline and (+/-)-isoprenaline after chemical sympathectomy: evidence in favour of differences at a postsynaptic site. PMID- 7279007 TI - Dopamine receptor mediated inhibition by pergolide of electrically-evoked 3H dopamine release from striatal slices of cat and rat: slight effect of ascorbate. AB - The dopamine receptor agonist pergolide inhibited the calcium-dependent, electrically evoked overflow of tritium from slices of the striatum of cat or rat prelabelled with 3H-dopamine. This inhibition of tritium overflow by nanomolar concentrations of pergolide was antagonized by the benzamide neuroleptic S sulpiride (0.1 microM). In millimolar concentrations, L- ascorbate had slight or no effects on this dopamine receptor mediated inhibition, in striatal slices of either the cat or the rat. Since these same concentrations of ascorbate have been reported to completely block the specific binding of 3H-2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (ADTN) and of 3H-apomorphine to presumed dopamine receptors, the present results suggest a dissociation between the characteristics of 3H-ADTN and 3H-apomorphine binding and the dopamine autoreceptor. Previous contradictory results concerning the existence of inhibitory dopamine receptors which modulate depolarization-evoked overflow of dopamine from the striatum of the rat are thus apparently not due to a species difference nor to the use of ascorbate, but rather to differences in experimental conditions. PMID- 7279008 TI - Rhythmic activity in the cerebellum and spinal cord of rabbits receiving tetanus toxin intravenously. AB - 1. In rabbits intravenously injected with tetanus toxin (2 x 10(5) mouse LD50), a rhythmic electrical activity was recorded in the cerebellum and in the spinal cord. 2. The motor system appears to be strongly involved in this event, since the ventral roots displayed rhythmic activity correlated to the spinal cord rhythm. Extracellular recordings showed the same rhythmic discharge pattern in many alpha- and gamma-motoneurons and Renshaw cells of hindlimb flexor and extensor muscles. 3. Upon high spinalization at C1, the rhythm could be recorded in the cerebellum but no longer in the spinal cord. Cooling of the cerebellar surface suppressed the rhythm in both structures. 4. The data are discussed under the current view, that generalized tetanus is a special form of local tetanus. 5. We suggest that the rhythmic activity is of supraspinal origin and is transmitted to alpha- and gamma-motoneurons of both the flexor and extensor motor systems. PMID- 7279009 TI - GABA transport in the rat thyroid. AB - 1. The uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) into rat thyroid slices was studied. 2. Uptake of 14C-GABA was concentration-dependent: one unsaturable (diffusion) and two saturable components obeying Michaelis-Menten kinetics contributed to transport. 3. The kinetic constants of saturable GABA transport systems were: Km1 = 1.5 microM, V1 = 4.0 nmol x (g wet weight)-1 x (20 min)-1 (high-affinity uptake): Km2 = 800 microM, V2 = 260 nmol x (g wet weight)-1 x (20 min)-1 (low-affinity uptake). 4. Uptake mediated by each of the carrier systems was concentrative, entirely Na+-dependent, and required activation energies characteristic for active transport. 5. High-affinity transport was structurally specific for GABA. The substrate specificity of low-affinity uptake resembled that of beta-amino acid transport systems. PMID- 7279010 TI - Chemical sympathectomy abolishes the increase in blood pressure of linoleic acid deficient fed rats induced by salt loading. AB - In previous experiments an altered PG biosynthesis as well as an increase in blood pressure, heart rate and plasma epinephrine could be found after a linoleic acid deficient diet compared with a linoleic acid rich diet in rats with a high salt intake. We injected rats with 200 micrograms 6-hydroxydopamine into the right and left cerebral ventricles 17 days before a four-week linoleic acid deficient diet (0.5 J% linoleic acid) and salt loading (1.5% NaCl). In these rats the elevation of blood pressure and plasma epinephrine compared with linoleic acid rich fed rats (13.3 J+ linoleic acid) was abolished and heart rate was reduced. PG biosynthesis in aorta and kidney medulla homogenate (PGE and PGF) and stomach fundus homogenate (6-Keto-PGF1 alpha) was not influenced by chemical sympathectomy, neither were the food and fluid intakes. We conclude that an enhanced adrenergic activity (via alterations in PG metabolism?) is involved in the blood pressure increase after a linoleic acid deficient diet under high salt intake. PMID- 7279011 TI - Intracardiac electric stimulation in conscious rabbits. A new model for screening membrane-stabilizing antiarrhythmics. AB - Cardiac arrhythmics were induced in conscious rabbits by intracardiac electric stimulation. The arrhythmic threshold remained constant for a period of more than 6 months. The antiarrhythmic drugs ajmaline, prajmalium, disopyramide, quinidine, lidocaine, propranolol and verapamil, given i.v. or orally, were screened for their threshold-raising potency. Particularly the membrane-stabilizing antiarrhythmics showed significant effects. The model may constitute a useful screen for such drugs in the conscious animal. PMID- 7279012 TI - Adenosine induced fall in glomerular capillary pressure. Effect of ureteral obstruction and aortic constriction in the Munich-Wistar rat kidney. AB - The effect of acute ureteral obstruction (UO) and reduction of renal artery pressure (AC) on the adenosine-induced renal vasoconstriction was studied in the Munich-Wistar rat. Infusion of adenosine, 0.05 mumol/min . kg body weight, into the thoracic aorta, was associated with a fall of directly measured glomerular capillary pressure (Pgc) from 45.2 + 1.8 to 32.5 + 1.7 mm Hg, P less than 0.001. Elevation of ureter pressure to 39 + 2 mm Hg abolished the fall of Pgc following adenosine infusion, 51.3 + 1.7 vs. 50.0 + 1.3 mm Hg, NS. Reduction of renal artery pressure to 70 mm Hg by an aortic clamp above the renal arteries also prevented the fall of Pgc due to adenosine, 36.8 + 0.9 vs. 36.4 + 1.8 mm Hg, NS. Administration of indometacin (10 mg/kg i.v.) restored the ability of adenosine to reduce Pgc in UO from 41.5 + 1.1 to 25.9 + 2.6 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) and in AC from 34.0 + 3.4 to 28.2 + 75.7 mm Hg (P less than 0.02). Since previous studied have demonstrated that in UO and AC renal prostaglandin synthesis is enhanced the effects of indometacin suggest that prostaglandins could be antagonistic to the action of adenosine on the kidney. The data show that the renal vasculature becomes insensitive to the vasoconstrictive action of adenosine during elevated ureter pressure and reduced renal artery pressure. PMID- 7279013 TI - Relative effects of furosemide and ethacrynic acid on ion transport and energy metabolism in slices of rat kidney-cortex. PMID- 7279015 TI - [Truth disclosure: possibilities and risks]. PMID- 7279014 TI - In vitro interaction between bovine adrenal medullary cell membranes and chromaffin granules: specific control by Ca2+. AB - The control of the in vitro interaction between bovine adrenal medullary plasma membranes and chromaffin granules by calcium has been studied. This interaction, which has previously been shown to result in the release of the soluble granular content, is a possible cell-free model for exocytosis. The plasma membrane induced catecholamine release was stimulated when the [Ca2+] exceeded 2x10(-7) M. A maximal release was reached at 10(-5) M with a half maximal response around 10( 6)M. Mg2+ was not able to stimulate the system in the absence of Ca2+. These data suggest a high specificity of the calcium controlled exocytotic mechanism and the absence of an antagonism by high concentrations (10(-5)-10(-1) M) of magnesium at the exocytotic site itself. PMID- 7279016 TI - [Treatment of secondary lymphedema with lymphatico-venous anastomosis]. PMID- 7279017 TI - [Growth-inhibiting treatment with estrogenic hormones in girls]. PMID- 7279018 TI - [Worm granulomas of the stomach in the Netherlands and Japan]. PMID- 7279019 TI - [Spigelian hernia]. PMID- 7279020 TI - [Leydig cell tumor]. PMID- 7279021 TI - [Varices of the legs]. PMID- 7279022 TI - [A patient with rheumatoid arthritis?]. PMID- 7279023 TI - [Lumbar intervertebral disk prolapse in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7279024 TI - [Esophageal lesions caused by doxycycline]. PMID- 7279026 TI - [A patient with a non-parasitic splenic cyst]. PMID- 7279025 TI - [Causes of death in patients in general practice; organization of a reviewing system]. PMID- 7279027 TI - [Genetic aspects of incest]. PMID- 7279028 TI - [Heart infarct as a surgical risk]. PMID- 7279029 TI - [Arterial circulation disorders of the hand using the hypothenar ridge as a hammer]. PMID- 7279030 TI - [Leiomyoma of the esophagus; resection or enucleation]. PMID- 7279031 TI - [Cleansing of the colon with total intestinal lavage]. PMID- 7279032 TI - [Orthograde intestinal lavage as preoperative intestinal preparation in elective colorectal surgery]. PMID- 7279034 TI - [Colon cleansing with intestinal lavage]. PMID- 7279035 TI - Department of Physiology and Biophysics: University of Nebraska College of Medicine Omaha, Nebraska. PMID- 7279033 TI - [A patient with multiple intramuscular myxomas as an extra-osseous manifestation of fibrous dysplasia]. PMID- 7279036 TI - 1979 maternal mortality review for Nebraska. PMID- 7279038 TI - Nontraumatic perforation of the common bile duct. PMID- 7279039 TI - Bypass surgery: the procedure for otherwise inoperable carotid system disease. PMID- 7279040 TI - Foreign medical conventions. PMID- 7279037 TI - Myasthenia gravis--recommendations regarding dental or oral surgery. PMID- 7279041 TI - Perinatal report -- compulsory Ob-Gyn regionalization, a possibility. PMID- 7279042 TI - Hypoglycemia in infants. PMID- 7279043 TI - Neonatal jaundice. PMID- 7279044 TI - [Orientational selectivity and space-frequency characteristics of the receptive fields of occipital cortex neurons in the cat]. AB - Spatial-frequency characteristics and orientation selectivity of the visual cortex neurons are studied in nonanesthetized cats. Gratings presented visually in a preferable orientation and proper spatial frequency evoked the largest responses. All other grating orientations evoked either small excitatory or even inhibitory responses. The largest inhibitory responses were observed when grating orientation was orthogonal to the preferable one. This inhibition depended on the grating spatial frequencies. PMID- 7279045 TI - [Changes in the reactivity of visual cortex neurons after local photic stimulation of their receptive fields]. AB - In experiments on unanesthetized relaxed cats the recovery cycles of neuron responses in the primary visual cortex were investigated by means of double local light stimulation of the receptive fields. In most cases the reactivity recovery was not monotonous. A more drastic recovery from depression produced by the first stimulus as well as a more complete primary restoration of activity were observed in neurons with central receptive fields than in those with peripheral receptive fields. Differences in synchronization of inhibitory and excitatory inputs to neurons responsible for central and peripheral vision are discussed. PMID- 7279046 TI - [Effect of drugs potentiating or inhibiting the activity of locus coeruleus neurons on various types of spinal inhibition in the cat]. AB - Microinjections of aspartate or chlorpromazine (which increase the background firing of many central neurons) into region of locus coeruleus of decerebellized cats anaesthetized with chloralose diminished the inhibitory action of flexor reflex afferents on the extensor monosynaptic reflexes but had no effect on the excitatory action from these afferents on the flexor reflexes. In some experiments the injections of these drugs decreased also recurrent inhibition of extensor motoneurons. Microinjections of procaine or norepinephrine (which reduce the background of firing of central neurons) in the same region increased the inhibitory action of the flexor reflex afferents and the recurrent inhibition of the extensor monosynaptic reflexes and had no effect on their excitatory action on the flexor reflex. The role of tonic activity of locus coeruleus in controlling the spinal inhibition evoked from the flexor reflex afferents is discussed. PMID- 7279047 TI - [Comparative neurophysiologic characteristics of cold and caudate tremor]. AB - In experiments on cats cold tremor and tremor induced by oxotremorine injection into the caudate nucleus (caudate tremor) were compared. According to the data obtained from the analysis of motor unit discharges, a conclusion is made that both models may be regarded as analogs of physiological tremor. Selective inhibition of caudate tremor by scopolamine hydrobromide does not support the suggestion that it can serve as a model of pathological postural tremor. PMID- 7279048 TI - [Electrical properties of membranes of motor neurons innervating the masseter muscle in rats]. AB - Membrane resting and action potentials evoked by antidromic and direct stimulation were studied in neurons of the rat trigeminal motor nuclei. It is shown that in the given motor nuclei there are cell populations both with low and high membrane potentials. Motoneurons with high resting potentials were characterized by shorter latent period of antidromic activation, longer duration of spike and after depolarization and lower input resistance. Bimodal character of electrophysiological parameters distribution in the trigeminal motor nuclei show that "slow" and "fast" fibres of m. masseter may be innervated by different types of motoneurons. PMID- 7279049 TI - [Responses of medulla oblongata neurons to microstimulation of the "locomotor strip" in cats]. AB - Synaptic responses of medullary neurons to stimulation of the medullary "locomotor strip" by current of about 20 microA were recorded extracellularly in mesencephalic decerebellized cats. The mean latency of responses of 177 units was 3.2 ms. Synaptically driven units were located both in the lateral and in the medial reticular formation, however short-latent responses were observed predominantly in the lateral part. Single stimulus evoked discharge consisted of two or more spikes in 32% of units. Respiratory neurons were not activated by stimulation of the locomotor point. The data obtained show that neurons of the "locomotor strip" can excite both one another and neurons located more medially. Possible mechanisms of extending the activity to the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord are discussed. PMID- 7279050 TI - [Ultrastructure of interneuronal junctions in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia of cats]. AB - The structure of the synaptic contacts of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion was studied both in intact cats and following the section of the cervical sympathetic nerve and removing the Th12, L1, L2 spinal ganglia. The analysis of degenerating synaptic terminals showed that most of them belong to the cervical sympathetic nerve axons. Some of such terminals remain intact and belong to another source. Certain part of dendro-dendritic and dendro-somatic contacts are formed by dendrites of the Th12, L1, L2 spinal ganglia neurons. It is supposed that the dendro-dendritic contacts could function as synapses. The dendro-dendritic contacts establish complexes consisting of an axon and several dendrites. Such complexes might be a substrate for ensuring the synchronization of the rhythmic neuronal activity in the cellular glomeruli of the ganglion. The discovered enlarged structures (from 6 to 20 microns in diameter) seem to represent receptor endings of afferent neurons of the spinal ganglia; these structures may establish synaptic contacts both with axon terminals and dendrites of the ganglionic neurons. PMID- 7279051 TI - [Cutaneous mechanism of the temperature sensitivity of ampulla of Lorenzini electroreceptors]. AB - In acute experiments on Black Sea skates Raja clavata the potential difference across the sensory epithelium and across the skin as well as the impulse activity of single electro-receptors were studied during thermal stimulation of pores of the ampullae of Lorenzini. Heating of the skin near the pore caused a positive potential shift inside the ampullary canal and across the skin (outside with respect to inside) and inhibition of the impulse activity. Cooling of the skin resulted in the opposite effects. Biological significance of the skin mechanism of thermal sensitivity of the ampullae of Lorenzini is discussed. PMID- 7279052 TI - [Effect of morphine on dialyzed Helix pomatia neurons]. AB - Intra- and extracellular influence of morphine was studied on isolated snail neurons by the method of intracellular dialysis under conditions of membrane potential clamp. It is found that morphine induces an inward current in all the investigated cells, it also changes the sensitiveness of the membrane to acetylcholine depending on the type of cell under investigation. It is suggested that such influence in normally functioning cells may be realized by endogenic peptides-analgetics. PMID- 7279053 TI - Detection of anti-tumor immunity in man by the indirect macrophage adherence inhibition assay using guinea pig peritoneal cells as indicator cells. AB - Supernatants obtained after incubation of tumor patient lymphocytes with the homologous tumor-associated antigen (TAA) elicit adherence inhibition in normal guinea pig peritoneal cells. From 37 tested patients with different carcinomas, the supernatants of 30 caused more than 10 per cent adherence inhibition (breast cancer 11/11, lung cancer 7/8, colon cancer 6/7, stomach cancer 6/11). Besides 40 healthy blood donors were tested to a panel of TAA. There was a reactivity more than 10 per cent only in 2 cases. The supernatants of 14 patients with nonmalignant disorders produced adherence inhibition more than 10 per cent in 2 cases. By incubation of tumor patient lymphocytes with the human encephalitogenic protein the supernatants of 19/27 patients elicited a positive reaction. The results suggest that anti-tumor immunity can be detected in an indirect heterologous adherence inhibition system. PMID- 7279054 TI - Antitumor activity of flavonoids on NK/Ly ascites tumor cells. AB - Among the various flavonoids, rutin and quercetin increased the survival time of mice inoculated with NK/Ly ascites tumor cells. The best results were obtained when the mice were given 2.0 mg rutin twice daily for 8 days. The O-silyl substituted rutin and quercetin were less effective than rutin or quercetin themselves. Besides rutin, quercetin and morin two other flavonoids, luteolin and pelargonidin also exerted growth inhibitory effects on NK/Ly ascites tumor cells cultures in vitro. PMID- 7279055 TI - The preoperative diagnosis of malignancy of ovarian cysts. AB - The diagnostic difficulties of ovarian carcinoma are well known. In the present investigation efforts were made to improve the diagnosis of malignant ovarian cystic tumors by utilizing their proliferative growth with high vascularity. Under the guidance of ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens were obtained, and the presence of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products and the DNA synthesis were determined in the aspirated cystic or ascitic fluid, besides cytology. With the combination of these diagnostic tools, the possibility of a true preoperative diagnosis is nearly one hundred per cent, which improved the chances of an effective therapy. PMID- 7279056 TI - A Fortran program for the calculation of estrogen receptor contents in human breast cancer. AB - A computer program in Fortran-IV for the processing of data from estradiol receptor assays in human breast cancer is described. The program prints the results in two tables together with the Saturation graph and the Scatchard's Plot. It includes a systematic, operator-independent, method for the elimination of "deviated points". PMID- 7279057 TI - Potential anticancer agents. XXII. Pharmacological properties of some new triazene derivatives. AB - The pharmacological properties (toxicity and antitumor activity against W256 carcinosarcoma and L1210 leukemia) of thirty five new triazenes derived both from amides and esters of 3-methyl-4-amino-benzoic acid and from aromatic dipeptidic esters were investigated. The new compounds proved to be moderately effective against W256 carcinosarcoma and totally devoid of activity against L1210 leukemia, except for ethyl,4-(3,3-dimethyltriazenophenyl)-N-alpha-(9-fluorenyl) acetyl-L-alanine ester which exhibited borderline activity against this leukemia. The pharmacological data thus obtained were correlated with the physico-chemical parameters of the new triazenes in a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR approach). The results of the computed equations suggested that the electronic and the lipophilicity factors alone are not sufficient to give a satisfactory picture of the in vivo behavior of such compounds. PMID- 7279058 TI - Contact of migrating L5222 leukemia cells with the substrate as studied under the action of gravitational force. AB - The interaction of actively migrating L5222 cells with the serum-coated glass surface was studied under the influence of an external force. In order to generate such force, the plane on which the cells were migrating, was inclined at different angles. The analysis of the L5222 cell migration pattern reveals that the modification of the cell movement direction relative to the surface appears when the plane is inclined at 1 degree. The increase of the slope to 2 degrees makes this effect more evident. When the slope is equal to 3 degrees the active motion of L5222 cells seems to disappear. The component of the gravitational force parallel to the plane on which the cells migrate ranges from 6.3 X 10(-15) N to 1.9 X 10(-14) N for the slopes from 1 degree to 3 degrees, respectively. The results of the study indicate that the force of interaction of migrating L5222 cells with the substrate is very small in comparison with the force of adhesion (not accompanied by locomotion) and seems to be comparable to that which operates in the near-substrate region of non-locomotive cells (e. g. L1210). Thus, the cell-substrate contact related to active movement and the non-locomotory adhesion of L5222 cells are probably different phenomena. As only L5222 cells were studied in this work, the above conclusions should be restricted to this cell type only. PMID- 7279060 TI - [Issues in catatonia research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279059 TI - Recovery of hematopoiesis in bone marrow of mice after continuous irradiation with dose rate 4.8 Gy/day. AB - In this paper the morphological changes in mouse bone marrow till day 60 after the termination of continuous irradiation with the dose rate 4.8 Gy/day (480 rad/day) and the total accumulated doses 9.6 Gy (960 rad) and 19.2 Gy (1920 rad) are evaluated. Many mononuclear cells of the morphologically lymphoid type appear in the bone marrow on day 9 of the recovery and later on extensive granulopoiesis recovery occurs reaching the control level, as early as on day 21--28 after the irradiation. The recovery of erythropoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis proceeds more slowly and their total recovery occurs within the period of 28--60 days after the irradiation. The total accumulated dose 19.2 Gy (1920 rad) causes irreversible damage in the bone marrow and the death of all experimental animals occurs within 11 days after irradiation. PMID- 7279062 TI - [The decline of paternal authority and its significance for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279061 TI - [Marriage and onset of compulsive -- obsessive neurosis in women (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279063 TI - [Situational and structural aspects of reaction and psychosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279066 TI - [Dysphasic disorders in cerebral degenerative conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279064 TI - [Clinica criteria for differential diagnosis of cerebrovascular and primary degenerative dementia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279065 TI - [Differential diagnosis of dementing syndromes associated with vascular disease. Clinical and radiological findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279067 TI - [Introspection and "Gestaltkreis": the theory of Viktor von Weizsacker (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279068 TI - [Paranoid hallucinatory psychosis following medication with anorectics containing D-nor-pseudoephedrin. Case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279071 TI - [Temporal encephalitis with sensory and motor aphasia, psychotic episodes and epilepsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279070 TI - [Tinnitus--a retrospective follow-up study of 50 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279069 TI - [Acute psychosis provoked by digitalis-overdosage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279072 TI - [Hereditary synkinesis in three generations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279073 TI - [Diagnosis of 3 cases of chronic subdural haematoma in a family (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279074 TI - [Intrasellar epidermoid with compression of the chiasma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279075 TI - [High intracranial pressure and papilloedema in a case of polyradiculitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279077 TI - [Malignant aneurysmal bone cyst of vertebra with intraspinal spread: case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279078 TI - [Cauda equina syndrome following spinal anaesthesia with mepivacain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279076 TI - [Encephalo-myelo-polyradiculoneuropathy following poisoning alkylphosphate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279079 TI - [Clinical significance of congenital unilateral hypoplasie of m. triangularis and m. quadratus labii inferior (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279080 TI - [Congenital bilateral hypoplasia of the thenar muscles (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279081 TI - [Value of cerebral perfusion pressure for continuous cerebral monitoring]. PMID- 7279082 TI - [Essential fatty acids in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7279083 TI - Invasive haemodynamic monitoring: need for continuous evaluation. PMID- 7279084 TI - Acromegaly and thyrotoxicosis induced by a GH- and TSH-producing pituitary tumour which also contained prolactin. PMID- 7279085 TI - Severe hypertriglyceridaemia associated with altered apolipoprotein C and E composition of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. PMID- 7279086 TI - [Round table. Giant aneurysms]. PMID- 7279087 TI - [Meningioma of infants and children (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 11 meningiomas observed on infants and children. They point out four items: --In children the diagnosis of intraspinal meningiomas is impossible before surgery while diagnosis of intracranial meningiomas should be possible since in this case the neuroradiological investigations are most often characteristic. --The total removal of intraspinal meningiomas less than (en plaque) is not always possible. --In intracranial meningiomas detected on children less than five years-old, asymmetric macrocrania is very frequent. - Since infants' intracranial meningiomas are sometimes very large, it is likely that the tumor is congenital. PMID- 7279088 TI - [Cerebral infections due to anaerobic organisms (author's transl)]. AB - Most of intracranial suppurations, especially those from E.N.T. origin, are secondary to anaerobic germs, which can be cocci Gram (+) or Gram (-), in association or not with aerobic bacteria. 97 cases have been observed between 1968 and 1979 at Lariboisiere Hospital. When the bacteriological study was realised in correct conditions, anaerobic germs were found in more than 60% of cases, and less than 10 % of cultures were negative. A lower mortality (11 %) and morbidity (34 %) rates follow an improvement in bacteriological diagnosis. Anaerobic bacteria stay very susceptible to antibiotics, such as the association Penicilline-Metronidazole; now, we prescribe immediately such a therapeutic, and eventually modify it after having received the antibiogram. As a conclusion, the treatment of brain abscesses could be simplified: CT scan and a rigourous bacteriology make possible an accurate control and follow-up of the suppuration after simple punction. PMID- 7279089 TI - [Anatomical study of different modes of anastomosis between the facial artery and ophthalmological artery at the medial angle of the orbit (author's transl)]. AB - In 21 autopsy specimens, we performed latex injection, and studied the rate and the diameter of the anastomosis between the ophthalmic artery and the facial artery: we find 26 cases in 42 face-sides, 60 %; which can supply rapidly a circulatory insufficiency. The anastomosis which go to the ophthalmic artery from the others branches of the external carotid are less frequent. PMID- 7279090 TI - [Compatibility between primary cranial surgery and secondary cranio-facial surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Craniofacial surgery can radically correct the most severe dysmorphias of fronto nasal encephaloceles, trigonocephaly, plagiocephaly, telorbitism, Crouzon, Apert, Chotzen... Its procedures can make to normal their general morphology, the projection of the mid face and maxilla, centering and inter relationship of the orbital cavities. It can also correct or improve many dysfunctions such as : naso pharyngeal atresia, dental malocclusion, exorbitism, exotropia and, consequently, strabismus. According to syndromes and degree of severity, craniofacial surgery is undertaken between 2 to 10 years of age. This surgery is both cranial and facial, it uses or passes through the "orbito frontal bandeau" : glabella (frontal sinus), orbital roof, supra-orbital ridges down to the fronto-zygomatic sutures. Consequently, primary cranial surgery must not make impracticable the procedures of secondary craniofacial surgery. Consequently, the neuro-surgeon - acting as a cranial surgeon - must keep intact the "orbito-frontal bandeau" 25 mm high, orbital roof and the fronto-zygomatic sutures, included and also temporal crests and temporal muscles. When these elements have been dissected or removed, they must be replaced or reconstructed. Moreover, bone grafts assigned to the fixation or construction of the mid face are more and more often harvested from the parietal bones. Consequently, the parietal bones may be isolated by craniotomies; they must not be destroyed by craniectomies. PMID- 7279091 TI - [Acute arachnoid cysts in traumatic vertebro-medullary pathology (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report seven cases of arachnoid cysts of the spinal cord discovered in the immediate post-traumatic period of spinal trauma. Five cases were dorso lumbar traumas which often did note appear serious on roentgenograms. Similar groups of symptoms were encountered in the different cases, particularly the initial symptomfree period. Immediate surgery is mandatory and the subsequent prognosis is good. Two cases of cervical cysts have a less typical symptomatology and a less favorable operative outcome. The pathophysiology of this acute and evolutive affection is unclear. PMID- 7279092 TI - [Sub-arachnoid haemorrhage due to rupture of aneurysm. Early CT scan may be used to predict the development of spasm? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279093 TI - [Management of the non traumatic dissecting aneurysm of the cervical portion of the internal carotid artery (author's transl)]. AB - The spontaneous dissecting aneurysms of the internal cervical carotid artery are renowned unusual, as about fifty cases only are reported in the literature. About 18 cases of dissecting aneurysms, 5 of which operated on and 13 clinically and radiologically followed, the authors try to draw a management. This one is resolutely conservative because: 1. It is possible to expect the spontaneous evolution according to the radiological form of the dissection which becomes in the great majority of cases toward repermeability. 2. The exceptional cases evolving to the thrombosis can later have an extra-intracranial anastomosis. 3. The cases justifying a direct surgical approach are exceptional and the operatory decision is easily taken according to the radiological aspect. On the whole, this pathology seems less unusual than the literature leads to suppose and the spontaneous evolution is worth to be well known because it conditions the management. PMID- 7279094 TI - [Benign intracranial hypertension. A clinical, pathophysiological and diagnostic study (author's transl)]. AB - Sixteen unpublished observations of Benign intracranial hypertension were reviewed from a clinical, aetiological and prognostic standpoint. The hypothesis that this affection could be caused by some disturbance of the C.S.F. resorption was assessed using an experimental tests battery allowing the measurement of the main factors involved in C.S.F. resorption. Our patients presented with a pure, solitary state of intra-cranial hypertension, of variable duration, capable of returning. The vital outcome was always favourable, but several severe and protracted cases were marked by a definitive visual damage. The visual risk, often underlined in the literature, requires a careful attention and eventually needs some effective treatment including C.S.F. diversion. A disorder of C.S.F. absorption could be demonstrated in most of our observations and appears to account for the principal features of Benign intracranial hypertension, including the lack of ventricular enlargement. The absorption disorder resulted either from the reversion of the pressure gradient between the C.S.F. and the venous sinuses when a dural sinus was obstructed, - or from an elevation of the resistance to flow when the sinuses were patent, thus suggesting some structural alteration of the arachnoid villi. However, for lack of histological control, such an alteration remains hypothetical, and a primary brain edema probably yield a similar a pathophysiological pattern. Finally, an attempt is made to classify the various aetiological factors encountered in Benign intracranial hypertension according to the previous pathogenic discussion. PMID- 7279095 TI - [Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Pre- and postoperative study of 56 cases (author's transl)]. AB - 56 patients considered to have a low pressure hydrocephalus were treated between 1973 and 1979 by a ventriculo-atrial shunting, using a medium pressure Holter valve. Apart from a standard clinical examination, these patients underwent a pneumoencephalography, an isotope cisternography, a measurement of ventricular pressure, and a determination of the C.S.F. resistance to flow by mean of an infusion test. A 6 months to 5 years follow up study showed that the operative result could be considered a success in 47%, a failure in 53%. No precise correlation could be found between any clinical sign or response to investigations, and the functional results. However, an early and really unsteady gait, an important ventricular enlargement without image of cortical atrophy, and the presence of pressure waves on I.C.P. recordings, seem to be frequently associated with good results. PMID- 7279096 TI - [Surgical and pathological study of the approach to the superior choroid plexus of the 3 rd ventricle. One case of posterior choroid arteriovenous aneurysm (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a case of an arterio venous malformation of the tela choroidea of the third ventricle which was feeding by the postero medial choroidal artery and draining by the internal cerebral vein. This A-V malformation was microsurgically excluded in sitting position by an occipital interhemispheric, transtentorial and transversal transcallosal approach without any postsurgical clinical signs. An anatomical study of this region shows an easy recognition of the choroidal postero medial artery by the regular presence of an arterial loop which concavity is crossed by the terminal segment of the basilar vein of Rosenthal. The knowledge of the occipital internal veins drained in the callosal posterior vein to form a common trunk, the cuneo limbic vein drained itself into the vein of Galen is important to know. This venous system is to preserve at the time of retraction of the occipital lobe to not give rise to infarction and therefore hemianopsia. At least the transverse section of the posterior part of corpus callosum permits a good approach of the roof of the third ventricle and is clinically very harmless if the protection of the cuneo limbic vein is assumed. PMID- 7279097 TI - [Prolactinoma: radiologic appearance of the sella turcica]. AB - Radiologic studies of the sella turcica have been performed in 355 patients operated on for prolactinomas. According to our classification, the grading of the sella in 300 females was normal in seventeen, grade I in one hundred and seventy-eight, grade II in eighty-seven, grade III in nine and grade IV in nine. A suprasellar expansion was evidenced in twenty-four of these patients. In 55 men, the sella was of grade I in eight, grade II in thirty-nine and grade IV in eight. Twenty-three had a suprasellar expansion. The early radiological diagnosis of a prolactin-secreting microadenoma became important when the hypophyseal origin of the clinical syndromes associated with hyperprolactinemia was demonstrated. Prolactinomas can usually be diagnosed by polytomography when they have reached 4 mm in size. Subtle bony changes such as cortical thinning, lateralized blistering or bulging of the floor are reliable radiological signs when associated with a biologically confirmed clinical syndrome. PMID- 7279098 TI - [Prolactinoma in the male. Preoperative evaluation of 40 patients]. AB - Forty male patients with a prolactinoma were studied. The majority of tumors were large. Eight (20%) were microadenomas. Loss of libido and sexual impotence, the most frequent symptoms, were found in 82,5% of cases. Gynecomastia with galactorrhea was noted in six cases. Seven patients had hypopituitarism and nine visual field defects. Prolactin levels ranged from 30 to 7,000 ng/ml. The mean baseline prolactin value was higher in the group of invasive adenomas or enclosed adenomas with a suprasellar expansion. The LH-RH test, performed on twenty-eight patients, showed an abnormal response in 80% of the cases. PMID- 7279099 TI - [Prolactinoma: surgical aspects]. PMID- 7279100 TI - [Prolactinoma]. PMID- 7279101 TI - [In vitro studies of prolactinomas]. AB - A few prolactinomas have been cultured into semipermanent cell lines. This transformation-like behavior is demonstrated. The tumor cells, obtained after transphenoidal surgery have been grown on extracellular matrix, using a mixture of Sephadex beads or a feeder layer of irradiated C.H.O. cells. The cells did survive to several sub-cultures and formed clones rapidly growing in soft agar. The PRL secretion evaluated through R.I.A. method declined with sub-culturing. A study of dopaminergic receptors on the same kind of material has shown the presence of those receptors and their persistence, even through sub-culturing. PMID- 7279102 TI - [Prolactinoma in the female. Therapeutic results in 200 women]. PMID- 7279103 TI - [Prolactinoma in the male. Therapeutic results in 40 men]. AB - Forty male patients with a prolactinoma were operated on by the transsphenoidal approach. Postoperative normalization of PRL levels occurred in 37% of the cases, in 100% of the microadenomas and 68% of the adenomas with preoperative PRL levels below 700 ng/ml. None of the invasive tumors were normalized. Partial hormonal deficits were produced by surgery in three cases and panhypopituitarism in one case. PMID- 7279104 TI - Biopterin. VII. Inhibition of synthesis of reduced biopterins and its bearing on the function of cerebral tryptophan-5-hydroxylase in vivo. AB - Repeated intraventricular injections of 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (DAO Pyr), inhibitor of D-erythro-q-dihydroneopterin triphosphate synthetase, inhibited q-BH2 synthesis from GTP, markedly increased accumulation of 2-amino-4 hydroxy-5 (or -6)-formamido-6-triphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine (FPyd-P3) and brought about a 60% decrease in the in vivo of reduced biopterin (BH2 and BH4) pool in the brain. Nevertheless, there was no effect on the rate of hydroxylation of L-tryptophan or on the 5-hydroxytryptamine level in rat brain. These data emphasized the significance of the rate of hydrogen transfer and the limitation of the concept of "unsaturation" (i.e., the absolute amount of the carrier pterin molecule) for the synthesis of neurotransmitters in vivo. PMID- 7279105 TI - Comparison between (RS)-nipecotic acid and GABA transport in cultured astrocytes: coupling with two sodium ions. AB - The sodium ion dependency of the uptake of (RS)-nipecotic acid into astrocytes in primary cultures has been studied by performing kinetic analysis at different sodium ion concentrations (16--151 mM). Vmax of the saturable component of the astroglial (RS)-nipecotic acid uptake is clearly affected by the sodium ion concentration whereas Km surprisingly remains unaffected. At high (RS)-nipecotic acid concentrations (Greater Than or Equal To 50 mu M), uptake rates as a function of the sodium ion concentration were clearly sigmoid. This sigmoid shape was not obvious at lower concentrations of (RS)-nipecotic acid. The calculated Hill coefficients corresponding to all (RS)-nipecotic acid concentrations studied were approximately two. From these results it is concluded that (RS)-nipecotic acid uptake into astrocytes in primary cultures, like astroglial GABA uptake, requires the binding of at least two sodium ions per (RS)-nipecotic acid molecule transported. PMID- 7279106 TI - Effect of repeated convulsive seizures on brain GABA levels. AB - Repeated audiogenic seizures (4 times a day for 14 days), in genetically selected sensitive mice, induce a significant decrease in GABA level in the following brain areas: nucleus caudatus, posterior colliculus, occipital and frontal cortex, cerebellum, substantia nigra, hippocampus, amygdala, and temporal cortex. No variations were observed in olfactory bulbs, pons medulla, hypothalamus, thalamus, or cochlear area. PMID- 7279107 TI - Reduced and oxidized glutathione in brain and convulsions. AB - Concentration changes of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were studied by fluorometric assay with omicron-phthalaldehyde to clarify the relationship between seizure mechanism and the glutathione redox state. In cerebellum the GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly decreased in the interictal stage of E1 mice (stimulated group), but in ddY mice this ratio was decreased before convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazol and during submaximal ECS. No change was found in the GSH/GSSG ratio of the cerebellum during and after convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazol and maximal ECS. GSH levels in cerebrum in the interictal stage of E1 mice (stimulated group) were lower compared to control E1 mice. In ddY mice submaximal ECS increased GSSG levels in cerebrum so that the GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased. PMID- 7279108 TI - Optimal concentration of iodonitrotetrazolium for the isolation of junctional fractions from rat brain. AB - The yield and purity of synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) and synaptic junctions (SJ) from rat brain has been examined as a function of the concentration of rho iodonitrotetrazolium (INT)--succinate used during their preparation. An INT concentration of 1 mg/g brain tissue (wet weight) was sufficient to obtain SPM and SJ of purity comparable to that obtained using 4--6 times that concentration of dye (1--3). At this lower level of INT the yield of SPM increased by about 100%, whereas mitochondrial contamination remained at 10--13% of the total SPM protein. At concentrations of INT below 0.5 mg/g brain tissue (wet weight) the contamination of SPM by mitochondria increased rapidly. At very low concentrations of INT (0.13 mg/g tissue) the contaminating protein of mitochondrial origin was 40--50% of the total protein in the SPM fraction. Examination by gel electrophoresis of SPM, SJ, and mitochondrial fractions with different degrees of cross-contamination allowed the assignment of marker polypeptides for mitochondrial, junctional, and nonjunctional plasma membranes. Under the conditions used to prepare SJ, a variable amount of particulate material floated over 1.0 M sucrose. It consisted of SJ and many membrane vesicles and had a protein composition similar to that of SJ contaminated by extrajunctional membrane proteins. An analogous fraction arose during in the preparation of postsynaptic densities. PMID- 7279109 TI - Partial purification and characterization of a folate-binding protein from human choroid plexus. AB - A folate-binding protein (binder) from human choroid plexus was solubilized with Triton X-100 and partially purified in three steps: (1) affinity chromatography, (2) Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, and (3) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When the partially purified binder was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the binding activity was located in the region of the gel with a molecular weight between 45,000 and 60,000. The specific activity of the binder after the three purification steps was 1.2 mu g folic acid/mg protein, a 316-fold purification. Binding activity of the partially purified binder decreased below pH 6.0 and above pH 8.0, was unaffected by treatment with ribonuclease or deoxyribonuclease, but was abolished with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or protease (Streptomyces griesus). The binding of folic acid to the human binder was inhibited by folate Greater Than H4-folate Greater Than methyl-H4-folate approximately dihydrofolate approximately pteroic acid Greater Than methotrexate approximately aminopterin. PMID- 7279110 TI - Distribution of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, muscarinic receptor binding, and choline uptake in discrete areas of the rat medulla oblongata. AB - Quantitative measurements were made of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and cholinergic muscarinic receptor binding ([3H]QNB) in eight areas of a cross-section of the rat medulla oblongata. A fourth cholinergic parameter, high-affinity choline uptake, was measured in three groups of these areas. CAT, AChE and [3H]QNB binding were found to be highest in the hypoglossal nucleus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus; the lowest value was in the area which contains the inferior olive and the corticospinal tract. The distribution of AChE and CAT activities varied approximately 7- to 10 fold among the eight regions examined, whereas that of the muscarinic receptor varied only about 4-fold. The Na+-dependent high-affinity choline uptake varied approximately 20-fold from the region with the lowest activity (inferior olivary nucleus and corticospinal tract) to that with the highest activity (tissue areas containing the dorsal motor nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus of the solitary tract and nucleus cuneatus). The four cholinergic parameters are statistically correlated throughout all the areas of the medulla which were studied. PMID- 7279112 TI - Effect of protein and taurine content of maternal diet on the physical development of neonates. AB - The effect of taurine and/or protein composition of maternal diets was examined for effects on survival rates and growth of neonates. Most of the effects observed are attributable to the influence of such diets on both the quantity and quality of the milk supplied to the neonates. The taurine and protein content of the diets exhibit an interdependent relationship with respect to regulating the protein and taurine concentration of the milk. The overall effect of dietary taurine was to increase neonatal survival during the period that the mothers received a protein-deficient diet. PMID- 7279111 TI - Composition of axolemma-enriched fractions isolated from bovine CNS myelinated axons. AB - Axolemma-enriched fractions were isolated from the white matter of bovine corpus callosum via a purified preparation of myelinated axons which were osmotically shocked and fractionated on a discontinuous density gradient. Two membrane fractions of differing density were obtained: both were somewhat enriched over white matter whole homogenate in specific activity of acetylcholinesterase and 5' nucleotidase and maximal binding capacity for saxitoxin. Both membrane fractions contained appreciable amounts of 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase; the specific activity of antimycin-sensitive NAPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase indicated low levels of contamination by microsomal and mitochondrial membrane. The myelin which is concomitantly isolated with the axolemma-enriched fractions has a lipid and protein composition comparable to that of myelin isolated by other procedures. Both axolemma-enriched fractions contain about one half of their dry weight as lipid comprised of approximately 25% cholesterol, 25% galactolipid (cerebrosides and sulfatides in a molar ratio of about 4:1) and 50% phospholipid, mostly choline phosphatides and ethanolamine phospholes in an equimolar ratio. The axolemma fractions are also enriched in ganglioside content relative to the myelin fraction. The polypeptides of the axolemma-enriched fractions range from 20,000 to over 200,000 in molecular weight; the predominant proteins are in the range from 50,000 to 69,000. The most dense axolemma-enriched fraction is over fourfold enriched in glycoprotein content compared with myelin, with at least 10 different molecular-weight classes of glycoproteins as identified by Schiff stain of polyacrylamide gel protein profiles. The differences and similarities in the molecular composition of axolemma-enriched preparations which have been characterized to date are discussed. PMID- 7279113 TI - Changes in lipid levels of three skeletal muscles following denervation. AB - Nonpolar and polar lipids extracted from denervated rat gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus muscles were measured 7-9 days after unilateral sciatic nerve transection. The contralateral muscle (CCON) was used to obtain control lipid levels. After denervation changes in lipid concentrations were found in all three muscles. These alterations in lipid levels were generally in same direction but not to the same extent. The change in total nonpolar lipids (NL) was an increase in soleus greater than gastrocnemius greater than plantaris concentration. This change in lipid concentration was more apparent than real since the wet weight of muscle was decreased after denervation. Since polar lipid (PL) concentrations were not increased under these conditions of muscle weight loss, an actual decrease of polar lipids after denervation may be inferred. In contrast to the other two muscles, a marked difference was noted for polar lipids of denervated gastrocnemius muscle. An unidentified spot near the origin was detected. This area is the location of a nerve sprouting factor(s). The compound(s) was not detectable for the other two muscles. When the gastrocnemius from an unoperated animal rather than a CCON muscle was used as a benchmark, slight increases were found for total nonpolar, polar, and plasmalogen fractions following denervation. The changes for individual lipid fractions were less definable, except for the significant increase for the unknown polar compound near the origin. This spot was noted in extracts from CCON and DEN muscles but not in untouched control muscle. The CCON gastrocnemius muscle is therefore a poor control for determining effects of denervation on lipid levels and perhaps other biochemical parameters as well. PMID- 7279114 TI - Axonal transport of phospholipids in rabbit optic pathway. AB - The uptake of different labeled precursors, their incorporation into lipids, and transport along the rabbit optic pathway [ipsilateral retina and optic nerve (ON), and contralateral optic tract (OT), lateral geniculate body (LGB), and superior colliculus (SC)] were investigated. Albino rabbits were used. The following radioactive precursors ,either combined or separately, dissolved in 50 microliter of saline containing 15% BSA, were injected into vitreous body: [2 3H]glycerol (50 microCi), [1-14C]palmitate (15 microCi), and [1-14C]linoleate (7.5 microCi). Animals were killed at different time intervals from 1 hr up to 24 days. The radioactivity of total lipids and of different phospholipid classes from total tissue was measured. One hour after administration of precursors, the radioactivity into the retina was high and the incorporation of [3H]glycerol and [14C]palmitate increased until 12 hr and 24 hr, respectively. The incorporation of [14C]linoleate reached a maximum on the second day. The phospholipids of LGB and SC were intensively labeled after 4-8 hr, and their radioactivity increased up to the 10th day after injection, independent of the precursor employed. The results obtained indicate that the labeled hydrophilic and hydrophobic precursors used were actively incorporated into the retina, The phospholipids were later transported at a rapid rate along the optic pathway. PMID- 7279116 TI - gamma-Aminobutyric acid system in isolated dorsal and ventral horn neurons from bovine spinal cord. AB - In order to search for the relationship between the structure and the function of the nervous system, the spinal cord provides suitable material. We devised a procedure for isolation of large ventral and small dorsal horn neurons. Then we examined the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in both neurons isolated using our procedure. Glutamic decarboxylase (GAD) activity in dorsal horn neurons was much higher than that in ventral horn neurons. Further, GABA uptake activity by the dorsal horn neurons was also somewhat higher than that by the ventral horn neurons, although some properties of GABA uptake were found to be almost the same in both neuronal fractions. However, we could not find any difference of GABA alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase (GABA-T) activity between the dorsal and ventral horn neurons. These results suggest that GAD and GABA uptake may be indicators for cell specificity to some extent. PMID- 7279115 TI - Effect of L-dopa treatment on cerebral amino acid levels in rats after portocaval anastomosis. AB - L-Dopa therapy has been suggested as effective in the reversal of hepatic coma both in humans and in animals. Beneficial effects have been reported also in chronic hepatic encephalopathy. There are many possible mechanisms through which L-dopa could ameliorate this pathological state. The present study was carried out to clarify whether the L-dopa effect could be mediated through an improvement of the brain neutral amino acid patterns, since it competes for the same transport carrier at the blood-brain barrier. A first group of rats was orally administered L-dopa (10 mg/100 g body weight daily) for 1 month following portocaval anastomosis. A second group was intraperitoneally injected (1.5 mg/100 g body weight daily) for 1 week, a month after portocaval shunt. Amino acid levels were determined in plasma and in four cerebral regions. No beneficial effects were observed clinically (in general condition, body weight, or hypertonic posture) in rats receiving L-dopa compared to controls. The large increase of tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, and glutamine that occurs in the cerebral tissue after portocaval shunt was also not affected by L dopa administration. In conclusion, in this experimental condition we had no clinical improvement in shunted animals receiving L-dopa. Moreover, this compound did not seem to influence the pathological increase of aromatic amino acids in the brain, which is considered to play an important role in hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 7279117 TI - Accumulation of peptides by choroid plexus in vitro: Tyr-D-Ala-Gly as a model. AB - Accumulation of Tyr-D-Ala-Gly (TAG) in rat choroid plexus was studied in vitro. Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles and the fourth ventricle accumulated TAG against a concentration gradient. This accumulation was inhibited by some metabolic inhibitors and some peptides, but not by amino acids. The change and stereo-configuration of peptides had great influence on the accumulation. Metenkephalin was one of the strongest inhibitors. Absence of sodium ions in the medium did not affect the accumulation, but increase or decrease of potassium ions reduced it. Injection of reserpine for chemical denervation of sympathetic nerves or bilateral removal of the superior cervical ganglion had no effect. These results indicate that choroid plexus has different transport systems for amino acids and peptides, which are not affected by denervation of the sympathetic nerves that innervate choroid plexus. PMID- 7279118 TI - Analysis of distribution of rat sciatic nerve protein among soluble, insoluble, and myelin subfraction. PMID- 7279119 TI - [Intracranial hypoglossal neurinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279120 TI - [Experimental brain stem infarction in the dog--a clinicopathological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279121 TI - [Head injury in children--with special reference to CT findings (author's transl)]. AB - Findings of computerized tomography (CT) in 183 cases of head injury in children were investigated with special reference to CT findings of mild head injury. As was expected, CT findings of mild head injury fell within the normal range, in almost all cases. However, abnormal findings were noticed in 4 out of 34 cases (12%) in acute stage and 7 out of 76 cases (9%) in chronic stage. They were 3 cases of localized low density area in acute stage and 6 cases of mild cerebral atrophy in chronic stage, etc. There were some cases of mild head injury in which CT findings were normal while EEG examination revealed abnormality. Also in some cases, x-ray study demonstrated linear skull fracture which CT failed to show. These conventional techniques could be still remained as useful adjunct aid in diagnosis of head injury. CT findings of cases of cerebral contusion in their acute stage were divided as follows; normal, low density, small ventricle and ventricular and/or cisternal hemorrhage, frequency of incidence being 38, 17, 22, 11% respectively. These findings were invariably converted to cerebral atrophy from 10 days to 2 months after the impacts. In the cases with intracranial hematoma revealed by CT, only 32% of them showed clinical signs of Araki's type IV in their acute stage and 63% of them showed no neurological defects, that is Araki's type I & II. A case of extreme diffuse cerebral atrophy which followed acute subdural hematoma caused by tear of bridging veins without cortical contusion was presented. PMID- 7279122 TI - [Cerebral arterial occlusive disease in children -- clinical aspects and surgical treatment (author's transl)]. AB - In the present study the pathology and treatment of occlusion of cerebral arteries in children were investigated in an attempt to find out an approach to the surgical treatment of cerebral arterial occlusive disease of childhood. We had a total of 55 children with cerebrovascular disorders seen at our Institute during the past 11 years. In this series there were 19 cases of cerebral arterial occlusive disease. The causes in 15 cases of cerebral arterial occlusive disease except for moyamoya disease were heart disease in 7 cases, trauma in 2 cases and unknown in 6 cases. The cerebral arterial occlusive disease had its onset at the age of less than 6 years in 12 of 15 cases. The disease began with hemiplegia of sudden onset. The disease onset was also attended frequently by a convulsive seizure, which distinguishes the condition from that in adults. In 10 of all 15 lesions the site of occlusion was in the distribution of the middle cerebral artery. One case in which there was occlusion of the basilar artery occurring in association with trauma was described in detail. In one instance the treatment consisted of STA-MCA anastomosis. Paroxysmal black out attacks, which had been of frequent occurrence in addition to hemiplegia were relieved postoperatively. In our opinion, STA-MCA anastomosis for cerebral arterial occlusive disease in children should be considered to be indicated only when 1) cerebral angiographic evidence of occlusion or stenosis of a trunk of cerebral artery is still present after the acute stage or 2) no extensive low density area is demonstrable on CT scan. Surgery is generally less indicated in those instances in which the occlusion is due to embolism. However since abscess may arise from such an arterial lesion, surgery should be considered, or at least its feasibility be evaluated, whenever 1) the underlying cardiac pathology well permits surgical intervention and 2) half a year has passed since an initial attack. PMID- 7279123 TI - [A case of unusual craniocerebral penetrating injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279124 TI - [Thrombectomy of the middle cerebral artery (author's transl)]. AB - The case reports on the thrombo-embolectomy in the middle cerebral artery have been presented in a little frequency since 1954 when it was reported by Welch. But those in the acute stage have been reported very little. The present case concerns a male of 55 years old, who begun with the partial paralysis of the left upper limb and at the time of his entering the hospital, 24 hours later from onset, he showed the complete paralysis of the left upper limb and partial paralysis of the lower limb. His consciousness was in a mild confusional state. By the cerebral angiography, we could recognize the findings of obstruction in the right middle cerebral artery (the origin of angular artery), and see the retrograde filling from the right anterior cerebral artery. CT showed normal findings. Thrombectomy of the right middle cerebral artery was performed 30 hours later from the appearance of upper limb palsy (about 6 hours later from the onset of left hemiparesis). A fresh thrombus was easily extracted from the angular and central sulcus arteries. There occurred no serious complications after operation and then the improvement of the paralysis was recognized. This case was reported to be of help to judge the indication of such operation in an acute period and its effectiveness. PMID- 7279125 TI - [Chronic subdural hematoma associated with intracranial aneurysm (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of chronic subdural hematoma associated with intracranial aneurysm were reported. In two cases aneurysms were found at the peripheral portion of middle cerebral artery under the hematoma, and in other two cases aneurysms were found incidentally. The causality was discussed about subdural hematoma and intracranial aneurysm especially false aneurysm found in the peripheral artery under the hematoma. Radical operation of intracerebral aneurysm associated with chronic subdural hematoma should be performed after angiography and CT scan regardless the rupture of the aneurysm. PMID- 7279126 TI - [A choice of two-stage operation and the microsurgical anatomy for large trigeminal neurinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279127 TI - [Arterio-venous fistula of the deep temporal artery following frontotemporal region craniotomy -- a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279128 TI - [Isolated fourth ventricle (author's transl)]. AB - A case of the isolated fourth ventricle secondarily formed after the removal of cerebellar astrocytoma was reported. Some discussions were made on clinical diagnosis, treatment and pathogenetical considerations. We stressed the urgency of the recognition of this disease because it is a treatable clinical entity by the early and appropriate surgical intervention. PMID- 7279129 TI - [Treatment of intention tremor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279130 TI - [Preservation of the olfactory tract following surgery on anterior communicating artery aneurysm using bifrontal craniotomy, and its functional prognosis (author's transl)]. AB - Based upon 110 cases of AComA aneurysm approached via bifrontal craniotomy, we discuss preservation of the olfactory tracts and the functional prognosis for olfaction. (1) It is possible to preserve the olfactory tracts bilaterally or unilaterally in over 80% of such cases. (2) With regard to the correlation between surgical findings and subjective sense of olfaction, it was found that 47% of the cases with bilateral preservation, 34% with unilateral preservation and 33% of the cases with bilateral olfactory tract damage reported normal olfaction. (3) Objective examination of olfaction by an otolaryngologist showed that 84% of the patients reporting normal olfaction indeed had normal olfaction, whereas 91% of those reporting no olfaction were anosmic. PMID- 7279131 TI - [Intracranial hemorrhage caused by metastatic brain tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Metastatic brain tumors are known to produce the symptoms of stroke and intracranial high density areas are demonstrated by CT scan. But exact preoperative diagnosis is sometimes difficult. Recently, we have experienced three cases of metastatic brain tumors which began with the symptoms of vascular accident and were demonstrated as high density area by CT scan. Two of them are metastasis of lung cancer and another, hepatoma. Characteristic CT findings are as follow: 1) atypical location 2) non-homogeneous high density area extending from the margin of the tumor (sometimes ring-like appearance) 3) surrounding massive edema 4) positive contrast enhancement 5) multiple lesions Two of our cases were demonstrated the recurrence by CT scan which was performed at earlier postoperative stage. The dissemination of tumor cells in the hematoma was thought to be the main factor of it. We also discussed the operative procedures and the postoperative care. PMID- 7279133 TI - [A case of acute subdural hematoma in one-day-old baby--with special reference to its CT findings (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe and discuss a case of acute subdural hematoma originating from the lacerated tentorium of 22 hour-old newborn. CT scan revealed crescent high density area in the subdural space between the left frontal area and the occipital area. Another high density area was seen in the left occipital area which was suspected as intracerebral hematoma preoperatively because of its rather intramedullar location. Large craniotomy was performed 22 hours after delivery, evacuating 70 gm subdural hematoma. Bleeding point was determined as lacerated tentarium about 1 cm length. No intracerebral hematoma was found. Postoperative course was uneventful and he is showing normal development. It is now concluded that supratentorial subdural hematoma originating from tentorial laceration at delivery could be misdiagnosed as intracerebral hematoma on CT scan. Anatomical structure should be always compared when CT scan study is performed. PMID- 7279132 TI - [Subdural hematoma secondary to chronic DIC due to gastric cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279135 TI - [A case of intracranial hypoglossal neurinoma (author's transl)]. AB - A case of intracranial hypoglossal neurinoma was reported and the literature was reviewed. A 46-year-old woman with a three-year history of suboccipital pain, dizziness, blurred vision, swallowing disturbance, cysarthria, dysesthesia and weakness of the four extremities, was admitted to our hospital on July 9, 1978. General physical examination on admission were unremarkable. Cafe au lait spot was not found. Neurological examination revealed nystagmus, ataxic gait and impairment of the finger to nose test on the right side. Atrophy of the tongue with fasciculation on the right side was also noted. Computed tomography demonstrated a round low density area in the posterior fossa which was enhanced with contrast medium. Antero-posterior view of the skull tomography showed enlargement of the right hypoglossal canal. Vertebral angiography and ventriculography disclosed a mass located at the foramen magnum. On July 27, suboccipital craniectomy with C1 laminectomy was performed in prone position. The encapsulated tumor which arouse from the right hypoglossal nerve was totally removed. Histological diagnosis was Antoni A type schwannoma. Postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged on August 31. Intracranial hypoglossal neurinomas are very rare and our case marks the 17th reported observation of such a lesion. because of their rarity, complicated natural history and variety of associated symptoms and signs, early diagnosis of these lesions is difficult. Among the diagnostic procedures, computed tomography, vertebral angiography and skull tomography were useful for localizing the lesion. Especially skull tomography which showed enlargement of the right hypoglossal canal could offer very important informations. It should be recognized that early diagnosis by means of neurological and radiological maneuvers mentioned above is essential to good prognosis. PMID- 7279134 TI - [A case of trapped fourth ventricle which developed after a surgery of AVM (author's transl)]. AB - We represent a case of cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle resulted from obstruction of the foramina of Luschka and Magendie and of the aqueduct of Sylvius which developed after a surgery of AVM. A 42-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic for the operation of AVM located at the trigone of lateral ventricle and the lateral wall of midbrain. VPS had been performed previously because of acute hydrocephalus resulted from several attacks of ventricular hemorrhage. Total removal of the AVM was performed. The patient was stuporous after the surgery, and CT scan showed marked distension of the fourth ventricle with shifted third ventricle and slightly dilated supra-tentorial ventricular system. Although a revision of the abdominal side of VPs performed and the lateral and the third ventricles were shunted effectively, the fourth ventricle continued to show remarkable distension. Since it was considered that the occlusion of the foramina of Luschka and magendie due to previous episodes of ventricular hemorrhage and the blockage of the aqueduct of Sylvius 'trapped' the fourth ventricle, suboccipital craniotomy and re-opening of the foramen of Magendie was performed. The arachnoid membrane around the cisterna magna was strongly adhered to the dura mater. When incision was made on the arachnoid membrane between the cerebellar tonsils, slightly turbid and xanthochromic CSF spurted out and some old clots were also aspirated from the opened fourth ventricle. The size of the fourth ventricle returned normal on CT scan ten days after the operation, and the patient recovered progressively afterwards. PMID- 7279136 TI - [A case report of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis--evaluation of computed tomographic findings in diagnosis and comprehension of this sinus thrombosis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis was reported. A 23-year-old male was admitted to our clinic on August 16, 1978, because of generalized convulsive seizures. he had complained of severe headache and high fever for about 7 days before admission, and on admission he was in slightly drowsy state. At that time, bilateral choked discs and bilateral abducens pareses were found without any other neurological deficit. CT scan on his 1st hospital day revealed only slight compression of the ventricular system without any midline shift. On the 2nd hospital day, he developed sudden left hemiparesis, but his level of consciousness did not deteriorate as that of the previous day, demonstrating clear CSF by lumbar puncture. Right CAG on August 21 revealed delayed circulation, poor-filling of the cortical veins, and narrow superior sagittal sinus showing zigzag shaped margin. CT scan on August 22 showed multiple irregular high dense foci mainly in both parietal lobes and the shift to the left of the ventricular system. Besides, on enhanced CT scan, the so-called "empty triangle" sign was revealed with gyral enhancement. Although an increase of the shift of the ventricular system was demonstrated by the follow-up CT scans, he gradually improved and external decompression was necessitated no longer. He was discharged with slight weakness of the left upper limb after superior sagittal sinus showing good-filling on right CAG performed on September 27 and had been identified. As a result, it was confirmed that in case sinus thrombosis is doubted, follow-up study by CT scan would be significant for the choice of treatments as well as for its diagnosis at its each stage. PMID- 7279137 TI - [Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from lung cancer--a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279138 TI - [A large intracranial fibromyxoma--case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279139 TI - An electron microscopic study of satellite-cells and regeneration in dystrophic mouse muscle. AB - Triceps and gastrocnemius muscles from dystrophic (129 Rej dy/dy) and normal mice were examined by electron microscopy at different stages in development for evidence of regeneration. Mitotic satellite cells were present only in dystrophic muscle. Myoblasts containing myofilaments, and multinucleate myotubes were observed within foci of regeneration. Approximately 50% of the myotubes showed features indicative of degeneration or abnormal development. These features included the presence of membrane whorls, and myofibrillar and sarcolemma breakdown. Quantitative studies suggest that the number of satellite cells is increased in dystrophic muscle. It is concluded that there are sufficient satellite cells in dystrophic mouse muscle to allow regeneration, and they are able to proliferate and form well differentiated myotubes. However, subsequent development of the myotubes can be ineffective, or 'abortive', reducing the regeneration capacity to the muscle. PMID- 7279140 TI - A quantitative assessment of dystrophic mouse (129 ReJ dy/dy) myogenesis in vitro. AB - A quantitative assessment was made of the myogenic capability in vitro of muscle cells from dystrophic (129 Rej dy/dy) and normal mice from birth to 5 months old. Seeding efficiency was increased in dystrophic cells from neonatal and 1-week-old mice compared to age-matched controls. The extent of myogenesis in cultures from neonatal and 1-week-old dystrophic mice did not differ from controls. Muscle colony formation in cultures established from 5-month-old dystrophic mice was reduced by 80% compared with normal cultures. Normal and dystrophic cultures established from 5-month-old mice contained equal numbers of fibroblast colonies. The results suggest that decreased myogenesis in cultures from 5-month-old dystrophic mice is due to a relative absence of myogenic cells rather than a numerical dilution of the cultures by fibroblasts. This may be due to population of nonviable satellite cells or to necrosis of dystrophic myotubes in vitro. PMID- 7279142 TI - Ultrastructural changes in axons caused by acrylamide above a nerve ligature. AB - The ultrastructural features of the ascending degeneration produced by acrylamide in peripheral nerves above the point of nerve ligature have been described. Before the onset of signs of axonal degeneration abundant accumulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles occur particularly proximal to nodes of Ranvier, but also in internodal regions. Some mitochondrial accumulations occur distal to nodes of Ranvier. The changes closely resemble those found in axons up to 4 mm above a nerve crush in normal animals and appear to be essentially non specific in nature. Their significance in relation to the subsequent axonal degeneration can only be guessed at. PMID- 7279141 TI - Localization of S100 protein in the rat cerebellum: an immunoelectron microscope study. AB - Immunoelectron microscopy has shown that, in adult rat cerebellum, S100 protein is localized exclusively in the astroyctes of both the cortex and the white matter. The labelling pattern was unaffected by the inclusion of glutaraldehyde in the primary paraformaldehyde fixative. The immunoperoxidase reaction product is observed over both the perikaryal cytoplasm of astrocytes and their processes. S100 proteins was not found in neuronal structures nor in oligodendrocytes. PMID- 7279143 TI - Characteristics of dopamine release from isolated nerve endings of the tuberoinfundibular neurones. PMID- 7279146 TI - Disruption and facilitation of cue discrimination in the rat by cholinergic agents. PMID- 7279145 TI - Behavioral effects of phencyclidine in the developing cat. PMID- 7279147 TI - Pharmacology of antiepileptic drugs in the gerbil--I. Pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7279144 TI - Electrophysiological effects of phencyclidine on rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. PMID- 7279148 TI - Pentylenetetrazol-induced enhancement of reticular formation auditory evoked potentials and acoustic startle responses in the cat. PMID- 7279150 TI - Intracranial developmental cysts in children: treatment by cystoperitoneal shunting. AB - The author presents the results of primary cystoperitoneal shunting in 12 infants and children with developmental cysts in various intracranial locations. Preoperative studies were done in each child to rule out a brain tumor as the cause of the cyst and to determine whether communication existed between the cyst and the subarachnoid space. The ventricular system was also shunted in children with both noncommunicating cysts and hydrocephalus. Except for 2 children with other operation was needed during a mean follow-up period of 2.2 years. The reasons to recommend shunt insertion as the primary treatment for developmental cysts in children include safety, ease, and a high rate of success compared to attempted excision. PMID- 7279149 TI - Lithium transport by mouse neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 7279151 TI - Gliomas of the septal area in children. PMID- 7279152 TI - Intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in neurosurgery: a clinical study. PMID- 7279153 TI - Combined transoral and median labiomandibular glossotomy approach to the upper cervical spine. AB - A surgical approach to the clivus and anterior spine from C-1 to the upper part of C-5 is described. It is a direct approach that provides a wider and longer exposure than does the transoral approach. Despite the seemingly radical incision, the cosmetic deformity and functional loss are minimal. This approach is useful for the surgical treatment of a variety of processes that are situated ventral to the upper cervical spinal cord and the cervicomedullary junction. PMID- 7279154 TI - Labiomandibular, transoral approach to chordomas in the clivus and upper cervical spine. AB - Three patients with chordomas of the clivus and the upper cervical spine underwent the removal of their tumors through a transoral approach with labiomandibular splitting and microsurgical techniques. This surgical approach provided excellent visualization of the anterior craniocervical area and allowed a gross total removal in each case. Although the lesions in our patients were chordomas, this approach could also be used for other surgical lesions in this area. PMID- 7279155 TI - Selective resection and denervation of cervical muscles in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis: results in 60 cases. AB - The author presents a series of 60 patients with torticollis who were treated successfully by operation. He describes the clinical types of torticollis: rotational torticollis, retrocollis, antecollis, lateroflexional torticollis, and combined types. The muscular mechanism of torticollis is detailed, and the operative technique of resecting or denervating only the principal or motive muscles is explained and illustrated for each type of torticollis. The results in this series were very good: 83.3% recovered completely or were improved markedly, and there were no complications. PMID- 7279156 TI - Acute physiological effects of ultrasonic vibrations on nervous tissue. AB - We investigated the acute effects of ultrasonically induced lesions on action potential conduction and blood flow in nervous tissues. A Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) was used to emulsify small areas of cat thoracic spinal cord while hydrogen clearance, somatosensory evoked potentials, and vestibulospinal evoked potentials wee monitored. In addition, we examined the effect of direct and indirect application of the vibrating probe on rat sciatic nerves. The CUSA created localized lesions of the spinal cord, sparing the function and blood flow of immediately adjacent white structures. Histological studies revealed a sharp demarcation of the lesion sites with little morphological evidence of tissue injury beyond the borders of the lesions. The rat sciatic nerve experiments showed that, as long as the probe tip did not touch the nerve, ultrasonic vibrations had little effect on the nerve. These results suggest that the destructive effects of the ultrasonic vibrating probe are limited to a small volume at the probe tip. We conclude that, at low power levels sufficient to cause tissue emulsification at the probe tip, the CUSA does not acutely affect the function of nearby white matter. However, our results may not be extendable to higher intensity levels and do not rule out chronic effects. PMID- 7279158 TI - Chondromyxoma of the middle cranial fossa: case report. PMID- 7279157 TI - Giant anterior communicating artery aneurysm with bitemporal hemianopsia: case report. PMID- 7279159 TI - Facial pain associated with a middle fossa arachnoid cyst. PMID- 7279160 TI - Dandy-Walker syndrome in consecutive siblings: familial hindbrain malformation. PMID- 7279161 TI - Symptomatic spinal epidural lipomatosis associated with Cushing's syndrome. AB - In cases of Cushing's syndrome, unusual amounts of fat may accumulate in the spinal epidural space, similar to centripetal fat deposits elsewhere in the body. The mass of excessive epidural fat may be responsible for neurological symptoms referable to compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina. We report three cases illustrating this unusual phenomenon and call attention to three cases reported previously. Although it is an unusual complication of Cushing's syndrome, epidural lipomatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any such case with neurological symptoms referable to the spinal cord or cauda equina. The diagnosis may be confirmed by computed tomographic scanning in conjunction with myelography. Therapeutic considerations are discussed. PMID- 7279163 TI - Laceration of the aorta complicating spinal fracture in ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7279162 TI - Extramedullary hematopoiesis causing spinal cord compression. PMID- 7279164 TI - Neurological aspects of vasopressin release and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 7279165 TI - Bromocriptine treatment of pituitary adenomas. PMID- 7279166 TI - Trauma, television, movies, and misinformation. PMID- 7279167 TI - Use of anticoagulants, electroencephalographic monitoring, and barbiturate cerebral protection in carotid endarterectomy. AB - This paper describes a treatment protocol for threatened stroke in patients to carotid endarterectomy. The protocol includes the use of perioperative anticoagulation, intraoperative electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring, and hypertension or barbiturates to protect the brain against documented ischemia intraoperatively. The rational and methods for protecting the patient from the threat of thromboembolism and cerebral ischemia during each of the periods of specific risk are discussed. The most unique feature of this protocol is the use of thiopental-induced EEG burst suppression for ischemia unresponsive to hypertension during carotid clamping, which has obviated the use of a potentially dangerous and cumbersome in-line arterial shunt. PMID- 7279168 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid pulse wave form analysis during hypercapnia and hypoxia. AB - Systems analysis of cerebrospinal fluid pulse wave forms (CSFPWs) was carried out in 19 cats during the inhalation of 5% CO2 + 95% O2. 10% CO2 + 90% O2 and 10% O2 + 90% N2. The results were compared to CSFPWs obtained during the inhalation of 100% O2 and during an intraventricular infusion to the same level of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure (CSFP) as produced by the test gas. The systemic arterial pressure pulse was utilized as the system input, and the CSFP pulse was used as the output. The harmonic amplitudes of the two pulses and the amplitude transfer function (XFRa) between the pulses were calculated. Hypercapnia and and hypoxia produced an increase in CSF pulse pressure (delta Pcsf), an increase in primarily the XFRa of the fundamental frequency, and as a result, an increase in amplitude of the fundamental frequency of the CSFPW with rounding of the pulse wave. The changes are greater than those noted during an intraventricular infusion (IVI) to the same level of CSFP. In addition, the volume-pressure test was performed on the hypercapnic animals. The volume pressure response was less during hypercapnia than during the IVI at the same mean level of CSFP. The result suggest that the increase in deltaP csf is related to cerebral arteriolar vasodilation and not to a steepening of the volume pressure curve and that rounding of the CSFPW is related to a decrease in cerebrovascular tone. PMID- 7279169 TI - Acute dimethyl sulfoxide therapy in experimental brain edema: Part I. Effects on intracranial pressure, blood pressure, central venous pressure, and brain water and electrolyte content. AB - Albino rabbits with experimental brain edema produced by a cryogenic lesion or by a cryogenic lesion combined with a metabolic blocker, 6-aminonicotinamide, were given 1 g of a 10% solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) per kg by intravenous bolus. Simultaneous recording of intracranial pressure (ICP), systemic arterial pressure (SAP), and central venous pressure and electroencephalography were performed while the animals were mechanically ventilated at a constant PaCO2 (PaCO2, 38 to 42 torr). One hour after the administration of DMSO, the rabbits were killed by air embolus, and the brain was removed promptly for the determination of wet and dry weights and electrolyte content. The ICP at 15, 30, and 60 minutes after DMSO was lower in both groups; ICP was significantly lower at 30 minutes (p less than 0.5) in the cold lesion group and at 15 minutes in the combined group (p less than 0.05). These was no significant change in SAP after DMSO in either group. There was s significant reduction of brain water content after DMSO in the combined lesion group (p less than 0.005 for the left hemisphere and p less than 0.025 for the right); there was no significant reduction of water content in the group with a cold lesion only. PMID- 7279171 TI - Spinal cord glucose utilization after experimental spinal cord injury. AB - Metabolic alterations after experimental contusion injury of the spinal cord were evaluated by determining qualitative spinal cord glucose utilization (SCGU), SCGU was determined by the 2-deoxy-D-[14C] glucose technique. An increase in SCGU occurred at the site of maximal impact in the white matter after an injury causing paraparesis and in near trauma regions after an injury causing either paraparesis or paraplegia. These findings are most likely due to anaerobic glycolysis resulting from a reduction in blood flow that still allows delivery of substrate to tissue. Although an initial increase was observed at the site of maximal impact after a paraplegia-causing injury, SCGU in the white matter demonstrated a progressive deterioration by 4 and 8 hours after injury. A failure of substrate delivery resulting from ischemia is the most likely cause for this reduction in SCGU. The somatosensory evoked potential was found to be a very sensitive indicator of the remaining functional axons at the injury site. PMID- 7279170 TI - Treatment of acute focal cerebral ischemia with dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - The object of this investigation was to study the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) upon the evolution of cerebral infarction. Twenty adult cats anesthetized lightly with ketamine hydrochloride underwent right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 6 hours. Ten cats were not treated and 10 cats received DMSO (2.5 g/kg i.v.) immediately after occlusion. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes in the right sylvian region were similar in the untreated and treated groups. The mean rCBF before occlusion was 46 +/- 10 ml/100 g/minute in the untreated group and 45 +/- 10 ml/100 g/minute in the treated group. Eight cats in both groups had rCBF measurements consistently below 18 ml/100 g/minute during the 6-hour period after occlusion. An index of erythrocyte flow was determined by measuring the transit of technetium-99 (99Tc)-labeled erythrocytes in the right sylvian region. The period of erythrocyte transit before occlusion was 10 +/- 1 seconds in the untreated group and 10 +/- 2 seconds in the treated group. After 6 hours of occlusion, the erythrocyte transit time was 18 +/- 3 seconds in the untreated group and 19 +/- 3 seconds in the treated group. Increasing delay in erythrocyte transit during the 6-hour occlusion period was seen in 5 untreated cats and 6 treated cats and was thought to represent a progressive increase in microvascular resistance. The complete washout of erythrocytes indicated the absence of microcirculatory obstruction. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed a reduced amplitude of activity in the right cerebral hemisphere after occlusion in cats with an rCBF consistently below 18 ml/100 g/minute. No significant EEG differences were found between the untreated and treated groups. Treatment with DMSO failed to modify the developing ischemia edema, neuronal alterations, or the changes in blood-brain barrier permeability to Evans blue dye and fluorescein. In this study DMSO was ineffective in preventing ischemic damage or acted when irreversible injury had already taken place. PMID- 7279172 TI - Quantitative assessment of muscular hypertonia resulting from cortical lesions in primates. AB - The effects of various cerebral cortical lesions on motor function and in particular on muscle tone have been studied quantitatively in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) in an attempt to define the cause of muscular hypertonia and to develop a reliable model for human cerebral spasticity. Unilateral ablation of the primary motor area (MI), either alone or together with the supplementary motor area (MII), produced a contralateral hemiparesis especially marked for fine motor tasks, but did not cause hypertonia. Bilateral ablation of the supplementary motor area alone produced no impairment of motor function or change in muscle tone. Bilateral lesions of the primary motor area, either alone or together with the supplementary motor area, caused a disabling quandriparesis with striking hypertonia affecting chiefly the upper limb flexors and lower limb extensors. Quantitative electromyography revealed augmented stretch responses proportional to the rate of muscle lengthening. This velocity-dependent exaggerated stretch reflex, with a predominantly dynamic component reflecting hyperactivity of the Ia spindle afferents, is similar to that seen in human hemiplegic spasticity. Out results indicate that decorticate hypertonia depends upon the bilateral interruption of fiber tracts originating in motor cortex and distributed both ipsilaterally and contralaterally. Bilateral decortication in the primate seems to be a suitable laboratory model for the objective evaluation of measures proposed for the relief of spasticity in humans. PMID- 7279173 TI - Superficial temporal to proximal superior cerebellar artery anastomosis for basilar artery stenosis. PMID- 7279175 TI - Neurinoma of the abducens nerve. PMID- 7279174 TI - Delayed sciatic palsy after total hip replacement: case report. AB - A 33-year-old woman with a 22-year history of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis developed right lower extremity sciatica 32 months after total hip arthroplasty. Physical examination and electromyography localized the abnormality to the sciatic nerve proximal to the midthigh level, involving the branch to the short head of the biceps femoris muscle. At surgical exploration, a sharp spur of methyl methacrylate, used to cement the acetabular prosthesis to the acetabulum, was found to have eroded through the lateral half of the sciatic nerve. The sciatica was relieved by neurolysis. The etiology of sciatic neuropathy after total hip replacement is reviewed. PMID- 7279176 TI - Congenital inclusion dermoid cyst of the anterior fontanel in a Japanese infant: case report. PMID- 7279177 TI - Parasagittal arachnoid cyst: case report. PMID- 7279178 TI - Craniopharyngioma: Unusual computed tomographic presentation. AB - Craniopharyngioma usually presents on a computed tomographic (CT) scan as a hypodense or isodense lesion, with calcification, in the suprasellar region. A case with atypical CT findings of a huge, homogeneous, high density, apparently solid, lobulated suprasellar mass is presented. An explanation for the appearance of the tumor is discussed based upon clinical analysis of the tumor contents. PMID- 7279179 TI - Epidermoid tumors involving the fourth ventricle. AB - The case histories of three patients with epidermoid tumors of the 4th ventricle treated by surgical excision are presented. All three cases exhibited a prolonged latent period from the onset of symptoms to the final diagnosis. Despite the strategic location and enormous size of all three tumors, only one of the patients had significant hydrocephalus. The radiographic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of epidermoid tumors are discussed. PMID- 7279180 TI - Patterns of health care delivery in Canada. PMID- 7279181 TI - Investigational device exemptions: do they dictate the practice of medicine? PMID- 7279182 TI - Performance of complex arm and facial movements after focal brain lesions. PMID- 7279183 TI - Observations on spontaneous facial expression after focal cerebral excisions and after intracarotid injection of sodium amytal. PMID- 7279186 TI - Brain and conscious representation of outside reality. PMID- 7279184 TI - [Interpretation of different categories of gestures in aphasic subjects]. PMID- 7279185 TI - Color-matching, color-naming and color-memory in split-brain patients. PMID- 7279190 TI - The relationship between metaphorical and cross-modal abilities: failure to demonstrate metaphorical recognition in chimpanzees capable of cross-modal recognition. PMID- 7279187 TI - Changes in complex perception and memory after three different psychosurgical operations. PMID- 7279189 TI - Statistical determination of degree of laterality. PMID- 7279191 TI - Handedness: effect of prolonged practice on between hand performance differences. PMID- 7279188 TI - Literacy and hemispheric specialization for language: digit dichotic listening in illiterates. PMID- 7279193 TI - On the representation of a second language in the cerebral hemispheres of right handed people. PMID- 7279192 TI - Evidence against the hypothesis of right hemisphere language dominance in the Native American Navajo. PMID- 7279194 TI - Sex differences in asymmetry in the facial expression of emotion. PMID- 7279195 TI - Differential contributions of the two cerebral hemispheres to the perception of happy and sad faces. PMID- 7279196 TI - Asymmetry of facial expression in brain damaged subjects. PMID- 7279197 TI - Cellular mechanisms of voluntary motor activity. PMID- 7279198 TI - Correlation between the EEG and cortical unit activity during defensive conditioning. PMID- 7279199 TI - Spatial resolving power of the auditory cortex in differential conditioning. PMID- 7279200 TI - Brain levels of noradrenalin, dopamine, and serotonin in rats with different levels of motor activity. PMID- 7279202 TI - Effect of successive electrical stimulation of different parts of the brain on delayed spatial choice in monkeys. PMID- 7279201 TI - Burst pattern of unit discharges as a reflection of expectation of food reinforcement by hungry animals. PMID- 7279205 TI - Effect of unilateral division of the septo-hippocampal tract on electrical activity of the dorsal hippocampus and behavior in rabbits. PMID- 7279206 TI - Role of neocortical association structures in the spatiotemporal organization of brain potentials in children during perception of sensory stimuli of different modalities. PMID- 7279204 TI - Stimulus recognition as a factor in the formation of effective properties of a trigger signal. PMID- 7279203 TI - Effect of low-frequency stimulation of the head of the caudate nucleus on an instrumental defensive reflex in dogs. PMID- 7279207 TI - Evoked potentials to light during aging. PMID- 7279208 TI - Need-information organization of brain activity. PMID- 7279210 TI - Nucleotide uptake by isolated cholinergic synaptic vesicles: evidence for a carrier of adenosine 5'-triphosphate. PMID- 7279209 TI - Subcellular fractionation of cat submandibular gland: comparative studies on the distribution of acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). PMID- 7279211 TI - Visualization of serotonin neurones in the nodose ganglia of the cat. An autoradiographic study. PMID- 7279212 TI - Labelling of Schwann and satellite cells by [3H]dexamethasone in a rat sympathetic ganglion and sciatic nerve. PMID- 7279213 TI - Quantification of synapses formed with apical dendrites of Golgi-impregnated pyramidal cells: variability in thalamocortical inputs, but consistency in the ratios of asymmetrical to symmetrical synapses. PMID- 7279215 TI - A projection from acetylcholinesterase-containing neurones in the diagonal band to the occipital cortex of the rat. PMID- 7279214 TI - Alterations of the cortical noradrenergic system in chronic cobalt epileptogenic foci in the rat: a histofluorescent and biochemical study. PMID- 7279218 TI - An analysis of muscle spindle behavior using randomly applied stretches. PMID- 7279216 TI - Distribution of gamma-aminobutyrate in the rat thalamus: specific decreases in thalamic gamma-aminobutyrate following lesion or electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra. PMID- 7279217 TI - Pregnancy is associated with extensive adrenergic nerve degeneration in the uterus. An electronmicroscopic study in the guinea-pig. PMID- 7279219 TI - Nerve growth in botulinum toxin poisoned muscles. PMID- 7279220 TI - Organotypic culture of embryonic electromotor system tissues from Torpedo marmorata. PMID- 7279221 TI - Production of specific antibodies to choline acetyltransferase purified from pig brain. PMID- 7279223 TI - Markham's techniques for enhancement of image detail: description of a simple realization using a measuring projector. PMID- 7279224 TI - The skull of the mosquitofish Heterandria formosa Agassiz, 1853 (Pisces, Poeciliidae). A study using X-ray projection microscopy and a modified Spalteholz method). PMID- 7279222 TI - An adaptor for various stubs of scanning electron microscopes. PMID- 7279225 TI - Effects of preparatory techniques on the fine structure of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. III. Effect of different fixative solutions. PMID- 7279226 TI - Tumour of the ethmoid with intracranial and intranasal growth. AB - The case of an 18-year-old female patient suffering from a hemangiopericytoma with intracranial, and paranasal and intranasal extension is described. Before the diagnosis was fully established a partial tumour removal was performed by a nasal surgeon, because the nasal airways were obstructed. Later on, because of the risk of infection, a decision against radical operation was made. The patient was treated by radiation, but the tumour did not respond and she was transferred to the neurosurgical department where the haemangiopericytoma was completely removed. A pericranium-skull flap was used to close the basal defects of dura and skull. The advantage of this technique over other procedures is the safe closure of the intracranial cavity, thus permitting a radical removal of an intracranial intranasal tumour in one operation. PMID- 7279227 TI - Isomorphous and anaplastic (polymorphous) oligodendroglioma. AB - The problem of the astrocyte-like cells and giant cells in oligodendrogliomas is discussed, basing on morphological data of 22 tumours diagnosed as isomorphous, anaplastic and polymorphous type of oligodendroglioma. Multinucleated cells are characteristic features for polymorphous type of oligodendroglioma and the origin of multinucleated Langhans-like cells caused by a virus factor is proposed. PMID- 7279228 TI - Diagnostic and pathomorphological aspects of glioma multiplicity. AB - A series of 11 patients with multiple glioma foci is reported with emphasis upon isotope brain scan, angiography, and CT findings; autopsy data is available in 8 cases. In many patients it was necessary to combine the results of several diagnostic techniques in order to demonstrate all the foci proven at autopsy. Thus, the desirability of combining diagnostic techniques in the investigation of glioma patients must be stressed. In spite of this approach, however, multiple metastases and the various types of multiple gliomas are often indistinguishable from each other by current diagnostic techniques. PMID- 7279229 TI - Intracranial pressure and electrical activity of the brain in various forms of experimental and clinical seizures. PMID- 7279230 TI - A biological concept for diagnosis, treatment and therapy control of endogenous psychoses. AB - A multidimensional concept of diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders is presented. Major contributions to basic research come from pharmacological experiments. Clinical outcome in treatment of endogenous depression can be assessed by rating scales and psychophysiological tests and correlated with the serum level of drug. In the case of maprotiline there seems to be a correlation between serum level and clinical outcome. PMID- 7279231 TI - Pathological growth of skull--radiological fine structure in experimental animals. AB - The skulls of 55 mice (strain C57 Black) were studied radiologically at various ages. In the mouse, craniocaudal growth of the skull takes place exclusively within two synchondroses. Longitudinal growth is completed at 50 to 60 days of life and it is dependent on the pressure developed by the growing brain. In strain C57 Black congenital hydrocephalus occurs with an incidence of approximately 8%, causing a characteristic deformity of the skull. Hydrocephalus developing after 30 days of age causes deformity restricted to the calvarium. The base of the skull remains unchanged and may not be distinguished from that of normal individuals of the same age. Abnormal lateral growth of the base of the skull may be observed if hydrocephalus develops in the young mouse: At 25 days pp. the syndesmosis between ospetrosum and the adjacent bones is not yet solidified. Consequently, the ossa petrosa may yield to the increased intracranial pressure. The result is a measurable widening of the distance between the tips of the ossa petrosa. A radiological method is described, permitting high resolution of minute details of the skull of small experimental animals. PMID- 7279232 TI - The use of the Nd-YAG and the CO2 laser in neurosurgery. AB - Over the last 3 years 130 patients have been operated on using laser techniques. This technique was chosen where technical difficulties were anticipated due to the size, the vascular supply or the localization of the process. Although the use of laser techniques requires experimental work, before it can be applied clinically some distinct advantages could be demonstrated when compared with the use of the bipolar cautery. Due to its shrinking effect the laser beam is target oriented and makes the surgical procedure safe without the use of additional instruments. The Nd-YAG laser was preferred in tumors with a rich vascular supply. Thus there was a definitely decreased need for blood transfusions in patients operated on with the laser. Even those parts of the tumors that can not easily be reached, using conventional techniques can now be eliminated by laser irradiation. The variable distance between the handpiece of the laser instrument and the target organ allows a pin point as well as a more diffuse irradiation. Since it is not necessary to touch the tissue, laser techniques are particularly useful in critical areas, e.g. close to the brainstem or the spinal cord, because they make it unnecessary to touch the tissue. The question as to whether the use of laser technique will reduce the rate of recurrent tumor growth needs further studies based on longer follow-up periods. Further technical improvements are needed to make the laser device a true microinstrument. Finally a combination of both laser types--that is the Nd-YAG laser for coagulation and the CO2 laser for cutting--might be a definite advantage. PMID- 7279233 TI - [Importance of the correlation between enzymatic and hemodynamic data in the prognostic evaluation of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7279234 TI - [Evaluation of some hemo-rheological factors in a group of subjects with prior myocardial infarct submitted to exercise tests]. PMID- 7279235 TI - [Re-operations in patients with cardiac valve prostheses]. PMID- 7279236 TI - [The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in the newborn infant. Description of a case and clinical considerations]. PMID- 7279237 TI - [Regional study of the principal hemorheological factors in peripheral obstructive arteriopathy. I]. PMID- 7279238 TI - [Regional hemorheological effects induced by muscular exertion in peripheral obstructive arteriopathy. II]. PMID- 7279240 TI - [Vascular injuries of the upper extremity (59 cases)]. PMID- 7279239 TI - [Times of appearance of the arterial plethysmographic wave and the ultrasonogram in the study of arteriopathies]. PMID- 7279241 TI - [Continuous electrocardiographic recording in the late phase of hospitalization and in ambulatory care of the myocardial infarct patient]. PMID- 7279242 TI - [Changes in the Q-T interval in the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7279243 TI - [Possible use of diphenylhydantoin in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia with torsade de pointe]. PMID- 7279244 TI - [An unusual complication of translumbar aortography: chylothorax. Description of a case]. PMID- 7279245 TI - A preduodenal portal vein and its surgical implications. PMID- 7279246 TI - Meckel's diverticulum - an investigation based on pathological findings in 130 patients treated by surgery. AB - A retrospective investigation was carried out involving 130 patients from 5 hospitals in order to correlate symptoms with pathological findings in a surgically removed Meckel's diverticulum. In 20% of the patients surgery was performed because of complications due to the diverticulum, of which strangulation of the intestine and acute diverticulitis were the commonest. Heterotropic issue was found in 23% of the patients. The indication for prophylactic removal is dependent on the risk of complications; unanimity on this point does not exist in the literature and our own findings do not permit conclusions. However, they do confirm that the mortality rate for prophylactic removal of a diverticulum is virtually negligible. PMID- 7279247 TI - Arterial obstruction as a complication of barium enema examination. PMID- 7279248 TI - The GSB knee prosthesis. AB - In the three years' period 1976-1978, 53 GSB knee prostheses were inserted in 46 patients. The use of this type of prosthesis was mainly indicated for the relief of pain in the presence of severe deformity or ligamentous insufficiency. There were two subsequent arthrodeses, one for infection and one for persistent pain. A follow-up study of 39 prostheses (excluding the two arthrodeses) revealed relief or reduction of pain to an acceptable level in 35 of the 39 knees (90%). The patients, however, were enthusiastic or satisfied with 37 of the 39 knee prostheses available for follow-up (05%). Good alignment and movement were obtained in all knees except one, in which flexion was less than 60 degrees. The most frequent problem was mild to moderate patello-femoral pain in 12 (31%) of the 39 knee-arthroplasties. This can largely be avoided if taken into account when planning the operation. PMID- 7279249 TI - Case report: operative correction of abnormal central epiphyseal plate closure by transmetaphyseal bone-bridge resection and implantation of fat. PMID- 7279250 TI - Case report: the accessory soleus muscle: symptomatic soft tissue tumour or accidental finding. AB - Two cases of the infrequently reported accessory soleus muscle are described. In the first case the muscle was responsible for an intermittently painful swelling behind the medial malleolus and in the second case the muscle was an accidental asymptomatic finding during removal of the plantaris tendon for an ankle ligament reconstruction. The possibility of an accessory soleus muscle should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue swellings behind the medial malleolus. The CT-scan and EMG can be valuable diagnostic investigations. PMID- 7279251 TI - [Treatment of upper limb lymphedema after mastectomy with escine and levo thyroxine]. AB - Lymphoedema of the upper limb is the most serious and most crippling complication of mastectomy. An account is given of the factors possibly responsible, and a classification of the different forms is proposed. When fibrosis has set in, treatment is followed by very disappointing results, being at best able to bring about a partial, but transitory reduction in limb volume and consistency. Reference is also made to results obtained in 70 cases with two substances, 1 thyroxine and escine (somatoline), applied by massotherapy in postural drainage, ionophoresis, and pressotherapy, according to the requirements of each case. The results were distinctly satisfactory, though the outstanding fact was the maintenance of the response throughout many follow-up controls. It is felt, therefore, that somatoline can be usefully given in cyclic form, both in cases treated in an early stage, and also in all patients were lymphoedema is a likely risk after mastectomy. PMID- 7279252 TI - [Changes in various parameters of platelet function in the aged]. PMID- 7279254 TI - [Sodium balance in Laennec's cirrhosis]. AB - Sodium and water balance of seven patients with decompensated alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis was studied and compared with biochemical and hemodynamic parameters. The pathogenetic factors of sodium and water retention are different also in a relatively homogeneous group of patients; in particular attention is drawn to one case with associated syndrome of likely inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH). However our data point out an elevated frequency of spontaneous natriuresis, weight loss and clinical improvement, with bed rest, alcohol withdrawal and dietary sodium intake only moderately reduced. Spontaneous natriuresis was not observed in two cases of decompensated cirrhosis with complication (pre-existing renal failure and oesophagogastric bleeding) and in one patient who needed anti aldosteronic drugs. Evidence was observed of improper, especially domiciliary use of diuretic drugs. Moreover we suggest a therapeutic strategy in hospitalized cirrhotic patients with sodium and water retention. It is emphasized that studies about water and sodium balance should be systematically extended to any patient, when hospitalized, independently from any previous domiciliary treatment. PMID- 7279255 TI - [Screening for breast cancer. Considerations on 50,000 examined cases]. PMID- 7279253 TI - [Cecal and sigmoid volvulus]. AB - The Authors present the etio-pathogenetic, clinical and diagnostic aspects of cecal and sigmoid volvulus. They discuss the therapeutic indications and possibilities comparing advantages and disadvantages of conservative and surgical treatment. Two cases of cecal volvulus and two of sigmoid volvulus, are presented and their peculiar aspects underlined as well as the surgical technique. PMID- 7279256 TI - [Clinical results in the treatment with metergoline in 80 hyperprolactinemic patients]. AB - 8 or 12 mg/day methergolin was administered for an average of 8 months to 80 patients with hyperprolactinaemia of tumoural (20 cases), idiopathic (39 cases), and iatrogenic (21 cases) origin. The success of the treatment was apparent in the return of ovulation and the establishment of pregnancy in 80% of patients with microadenoma, and 85% of those with a normal sella turcica. PMID- 7279257 TI - [Gastrointestinal changes in mixed connective tissue disease. Apropos of a clinical case]. AB - A case of mixed connective tissue disease is described. It began as chronic juvenile arthritis and progressed to acquire the typical features of SLE, PSS and PM. Dyspepsia and the patient's poor general condition, by focussing attention on the digestion and absorption functions, revealed the presence of the gastrointestinal alterations that often accompany SSP. PMID- 7279258 TI - [Chromosome abnormalities in bone marrow cells and peripheral lymphocytes in a patient with Fanconi's anemia]. AB - In direct preparations of bone marrow cells from an 18 years old patient with Fanconi's anaemia (FA) a low frequency of structural chromosome aberrations was observed (4% excluding gaps), while in cultured bone marrow cells (48 hours) and in cultured peripheral lymphocytes such aberrations were found to be about 3 times as many. The increase of chromosome abnormalities "in vitro" is discussed and the most recent observations on possible factors determining susceptibility to chromosome breakage in cases with FA are taken into account. PMID- 7279259 TI - [Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Apropos of a clinical case]. AB - Reference is made to a personal case in an account of the clinical and pathological criteria that provide the diagnostic hinges of angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Stress is laid on the systemic and progressive nature of the disease, and support is given to the view that is an affection of the immuno competent system. The fact that the course is unpredictable is seen as a reason for adopting an extremely cautions therapeutic approach based on corticosteroid hormones. Resort to the cytotoxic chemotherapeutical drugs customarily employed in other lymphoproliferative forms should be reserved for a few selected cases. PMID- 7279260 TI - [Toxicological risks from industrial pesticides. Preliminary results of a study]. AB - An examination of various commercially available pesticides was made in an evaluation of the potential risks presented by phytopharmaceuticals. It was found that insecticides anticryptogamic products, and weed-killers are most commonly used. Insecticides mainly contain organophosphoric compounds, followed by organochlorates, carbamates, and organic sulphur compounds. Anticryptogamic products are primarily composed of dithiocarbamates, followed by inorganic copper and sulphur compounds. Herbicides are mostly represented by the triazines, followed by phenoxycarboxylic acid derivatives, carbamates, and urea derivatives. Lastly, most pesticides fall into the IIIrd and IVth toxicological classes. PMID- 7279261 TI - [Possibility of employing existing local medical facilities in the medico-legal judgment on occupational deafness]. AB - In view of Law no. 833 dated 23-12-1978, and particularly the 3rd paragraph of the medico-legal services of local health units for legal proceedings, a retrospective analysis has been carried out of the audiological records of 972 workers prepared by the Centre for Social Diseases and Preventive Medicine of the Province of Florence. The study revealed the presence of numerous false positive. While these did not invalidate preventive screening, as it is an inexpensive business to separate cases requiring further control from a high number of individuals, they still represent a serious limitation from the forensic medicine viewpoint. The audiograms do not in fact provide an expression of the exact permanent damage the worker has suffered, they only offer diagnostic and pathogenetic orientation of auditory damage, for preventive purposes. Greater consideration of forensic medicine requirements is therefore recommended at a moment in which details of the law are about to be drafted together with instructions for their implementation on the part of the regions. PMID- 7279262 TI - [The nuclear family and social protection of children]. AB - The nuclear family is the consequence and reflection of rapid industrialization of the country. It requires a wider safeguarding of infancy in the framework of more extensive social and care service structures. Kindergartens and nursery schools are the basic answers to child care, coupled with the network of independent institutions, and hospitals, out-patients centres and school medical services, and the local health unit, which supervises services in its district. Mention is also made of the measures still needed to ensure that kindergartens and nursery schools are available and efficient, and what must still be done with regard to school medicine (prophylaxis, retrieval of the handicapped, rehabilitation) to achieve a more advanced system of social protection in childhood. PMID- 7279263 TI - [Hospitalization and the interaction between the attending physician and the hospital physician]. PMID- 7279264 TI - [Practical radiological problems in the service to non-collaborating patients]. AB - The difficulty of radiographies, radioisotopical examination and radiotherapeutic treatments made on patients who are not able to understand doctor's instruction is pointed out. Particular stress is laid on organization, anesthesiological, and protection problems. PMID- 7279265 TI - [From eugenics to racism]. PMID- 7279266 TI - [Doppler ultrasonic arteriography with colorimetric morpho-function analysis of frequency (Echoflow). Preliminary trials]. AB - Doppler arteriography with chromatic frequency analysis is a new and very sound diagnostic method in cases of vascular disease. It can be carried out with apparatus such as the Echoflow (reg'd), a natural development of the Doppler technique ultrasonography. Vessels are shown in red, yellow, or blue, depending on the rate of their intraluminal flow. Surface arteries lying 5-6 cm below the skin and not hidden by bone can be studied. Preliminary results on 23 supra aortic trunks, 21 lower extremity arterial systems, and 5 upper limb systems are described. The use of the instrument in other situations in also recommended. PMID- 7279267 TI - [Importance of bone biopsies in the diagnosis of cancer metastases]. AB - A 39-year-old woman was hospitalized at our Institute following a diagnosis of "suspected systemic lymphopathy". The patient exhibited mediastinal tumefaction, moderate anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucoerythroblastic streak in peripheral blood, diffuse bone pain, slight fever, cough and dyspnea. The clinical picture, radiological findings and hematochemical data apparently suggested a diagnosis of epithelial neoplasia of bronchial origin, or a primary hemopathy. Only by means of an osteomedullary biopsy was it possible to establish that the disease was actually a bronchogenic carcinoma invading the marrow. In conclusion, both for a correct staging of patients with carcinoma, and for histological diagnosis, when the primary side can not be identified or attacked, the osteomedullary biopsy, if feasible carried out at different sites, proves to be the test of choice. PMID- 7279268 TI - [Usefulness of plasma cell acid phosphatase in the differential diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies]. AB - The acid phosphatase activity has been studied cytochemically in bone marrow plasma cells of 12 patients with multiple myeloma and 15 with non-myeloma plasmocytosis. The acid phosphatase activity has been significantly higher in the myeloma group. The utilization and usefulness of this cytochemical reaction for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma are proposed. PMID- 7279269 TI - [Josamycin, a new macrolide. Kinetic and clinical study]. PMID- 7279270 TI - [Possibility of determining SPI by an immunoelectrophoretic method]. PMID- 7279271 TI - [Treatment of female endocrine sterility with epimestrol]. PMID- 7279272 TI - [Preliminary results of pregnancy induction with drug combination cyclofenilbromocriptine]. PMID- 7279273 TI - [Induced labor in normal pregnancy. Course and/outcome]. PMID- 7279274 TI - [Relation between circadian variations of serum cortisol and pituitary hormones in normal women]. PMID- 7279275 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in women with epilepsy]. PMID- 7279277 TI - [The Eisenhammer operation in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 7279276 TI - [Psychological aspects of patients with gynecologic disorders subjected to surgical intervention]. PMID- 7279278 TI - [Modern methods in the diagnosis of hyperandrogenic dysfunction due to adrenal 21 hydroxylase deficiency]. PMID- 7279279 TI - [Association of gonadal dysgenesis with the tomographic finding of "empty sella"]. PMID- 7279281 TI - [Psychodynamic considerations in cases of secondary amenorrhea]. PMID- 7279280 TI - [Correlations between semen examination and the post-coital test in the diagnosis of conjugal sterility]. PMID- 7279282 TI - [Observations on a case of ependymoma of the 3d ventricle with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea]. PMID- 7279283 TI - [Methergoline therapy of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. Observations on 22 cases]. PMID- 7279285 TI - [Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast]. PMID- 7279284 TI - [Chemo-antibiotic therapy in gynecological surgery. Comparison between short-term and long-term prophylaxis]. PMID- 7279286 TI - [Laminaria in induction of abortion in the 2d trimester. Case of uterine rupture]. PMID- 7279288 TI - [Use of protocol for the detection and treatment of diabetes in pregnancy]. PMID- 7279287 TI - [Incidence of gynecologic oncologic pathology 1968-1977. Data obtained from histological examinations]. PMID- 7279289 TI - [Functional changes of the uterine cervix due to the use of the Petit-Lefour pessary. Observations on a group of patients with primary amenorrhea caused by gonadotropin deficiency]. PMID- 7279290 TI - [Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the endometrium in a young woman]. PMID- 7279291 TI - [Pregnancy in 4 patients with hypergonadotropinemic amenorrhea]. PMID- 7279292 TI - Nodal axon diameter correlates linearly with internodal axon diameter in spinal roots of the cat. AB - Nodal and internodal axon diameters of individual myelinated nerve fibres were measured electron microscopically in fibre samples from serially sectioned L7 ventral and dorsal spinal root of young adult cats. Axon cross-sectional area at the node of Ranvier in axons more than 4 micrometer in diameter was reduced to less than 20% of its internodal value. Internodal and nodal axon diameters showed a rectilinear distribution and linear regression analysis gave coefficients of correlation between 0.93 and 0.99. An individual nodal diameter value could be fitted to an internodal axon diameter value in a 95% prediction interval of +/- 1.06-2.41 micrometer. PMID- 7279293 TI - Direct action of pentobarbitone in potentiating the responses to GABA of rat dorsal root ganglion neurones in vitro. AB - Pentobarbitone (PB) was tested for effects on responses to GABA recorded intracellularly in rat dorsal root ganglion neurones. Concentrations of over 1 mM PB elicited small depolarizations, whereas at greater than or equal to 10 microM PB readily potentiated depolarizations and increased membrane conductance evoked by GABA. The GABA antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin reduced PB-potentiated and equiamplitude control responses to the same degree. Since an action of PB on GABA transport is unlikely in this tissue, the PB effects probably occur at the receptor-ionophore complex. PMID- 7279294 TI - Sustained electrical stimulation of the perforant path duplicates kainate-induced electrophysiological effects and hippocampal damage in rats. AB - Electrical stimulation of the perforant path of urethane-anesthetized rats for 24 h evoked hippocampal granule cell population spikes, epileptiform discharges, and abolished the recurrent inhibition of granule cells (as determined with the twin pulse technique). After 24 h of stimulation, hilar interneurons of area dentata and the regions of the CA3 pyramidal cells which receive granule cell input were damaged; 'CA2' pyramidal cells and dentate granule cells were relatively unaffected. Pericellular spaces possibly indicative of acute gliotoxicity were observed in the CA1 pyramidal cell body region. These results establish a causative relationship between excessive presynaptic neuronal activity and postsynaptic neuronal damage. PMID- 7279295 TI - Recovery of function after cryosurgical lesions of peripheral nerves in rats. AB - Unilateral lesions were made in rat sciatic nerves with a cryoprobe at about -65 degrees C. Three months later, recovery of motor and sensory function of the hindlimb had occurred. The compound action potential from the dorsal root indicated that myelinated and unmyelinated fibre groups had regenerated. Cryosurgery may be useful in the long-term blockade of sensory nerves for pain relief. PMID- 7279296 TI - M-Currents in voltage-clamped mammalian sympathetic neurones. AB - The M-current (IM), a species of time- and voltage-dependent K+-current previously identified in amphibian sympathetic neurones, has been detected in voltage-clamped rat sympathetic neurone somata. IM had an activation threshold of about -70 mV and, since it did not show time-dependent inactivation, contributed an increasing outward component to the steady membrane current between -70 and 20 mV. Selective inhibition of IM by muscarine or by angiotensin-II probably accounts for the membrane depolarization produced by these two agonists on rat ganglia. PMID- 7279297 TI - Average responses evoked by moving grating pattern in the upper, central and lower visual field. AB - Detectable visual evoked potentials were obtained in man by stimulation in the peripheral visual field with a 0.4 cycle/deg vertical grating pattern of 5 degrees arc subtense which moved twice per second horizontally at 415 degrees/sec through an amplitude of 8 degrees arc. These moving grating stimuli were presented to 10 normal subjects, centered 15 degrees above, or centered around, or centered 15 degrees below a fixation mark. The mean latencies (+/- S.D.) of the positive component of the potential evoked by stimuli to the central and 15 degrees eccentricity lower visual field were 114 +/- 17 msec and 104 +/- 20 msec, respectively, while latencies for 15 degrees eccentricity upper visual field stimuli were significantly (p less than 0.001) later with 148 +/- 20 msec. PMID- 7279298 TI - Phenobarbitone binding sites in rat brain synaptosomal membranes. AB - Phenobarbitone binds to rat brain synaptosomeal membranes at a single class of sites of relatively low affinity (Kd 100 microM) and high density (800 pmol/mg protein). Phenobarbitone can be displaced from these binding sites by a range of substituted barbiturates. For those barbiturates which possess anaesthetic, anticonvulsant or depressant properties, there is an excellent correlation between ability to displace phenobarbitone and ability to enhance the binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. On the other hand, convulsant barbiturates are relatively more effective in enhancing GABA binding than would be expected from their ability to displace phenobarbitone. These phenobarbitone binding sites may be involved in the potentiation of GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition by barbiturates, an effect likely to contribute to the pharmacological actions of these substances. These barbiturate sites are distinct from GABA recognition sites and from GABA-activated ionophores, since GABA, bicuculline methochloride, diazepam and picrotoxinin did not influence phenobarbitone binding. Furthermore, extraction of the synaptosomal membranes with Triton X-100 abolishes phenobarbitone binding to the membranes while enhancing GABA binding. PMID- 7279299 TI - In vivo stimulation of a cholinergic synapse of the chick ciliary ganglion induces a reduction in the number of dense core vesicles. AB - The Edinger-Westphal nucleus of young chicks (1 day old) was stimulated in vivo with a monopolar electrode at 100 Hz during 15, 60 or 225 min. This stimulation produced quantitative morphological changes in the cholinergic synaptic terminal located in the ciliary ganglion. As previously observed at the neuromuscular junction, there is a significant reduction of the numerical density on area (NA) of the coated vesicles. We have also observed, however, a significant reduction of the NA of the clear vesicles and an increase in the NA of the coated vesicles. We have also observed, however, a significant reduction of the NA of the dense core vesicles (DCVs). It is suggested that these DCVs contain a peptide neurotransmitter and that their reduced NA is due to exocytosis which would liberate the peptide during synaptic activity. PMID- 7279300 TI - Morphological and electrophysiological evidence for axonal regeneration of axotomized cerebellothalamic neurons in kittens. AB - Against the current concept of abortive regeneration of axotomized neurons in the mammalian central nervous system, the occurrence of remarkable axonal regeneration of cerebellothalamic projection neurons following transection of the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle was proved in kittens morphologically by utilizing anterograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase and electrophysiologically by recording the cerebellar-induced cerebral cortical potential. Following axotomy, not only axonal regeneration occurred but also retrograde degeneration of somata which was apparently noticeable as cell loss. The extent of cerebellar nuclear cell loss was inversely related to the extent of regeneration of cerebellofugal axons. PMID- 7279301 TI - Peripheral somatic activation and spontaneous firing patterns of neurons in the periaqueductal gray of the cat. AB - A total of 50 neurons in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) of the cat were studied. Sixty percent of the units were excited by nociceptive pinch stimulation. These units were also excited by non-nociceptive stimulation such as tapping, hair movement and/or joint rotation. Non-nociceptive stimulation excited 20% of the units, whereas nociceptive stimulation did not drive these units. Their receptive fields were large, and often encompassed the entire body. Spontaneous discharges of PAG neurons revealed great irregularity. PMID- 7279302 TI - Diffuse enkephalin innervation from caudate to globus pallidus. AB - The source of enkephalin in neuronal terminals of the rat globus pallidus was evaluated with electrolytic and knife cut lesions. Straight knife cuts medial to the globus pallidus or a curved knife cut just below the corpus callosum do not reduce immunofluorescence staining in the globus pallidus, indicating that cerebral cortex is not a major source of pallidal enkephalin. Electrolytic lesions of dorsal and ventral portions of the globus pallidus, and even lesions which sever medial from lateral globus, fail to reduce pallidal staining, ruling out long enkephalin neurons traversing the globus. Large electrolytic lesions of the head of the caudate do decrease dorsal pallidal fluorescence, though multiple small caudate lesions are without observable effect. Large pallidal lesions elicit a build-up of enkephalin fluorescence in the caudate. These results suggest that the caudate is the sole source of pallidal enkephalin and that the innervation diffusely converges on the smaller globus pallidus. PMID- 7279303 TI - The acute effect of p-chloroamphetamine on the retention of fear conditioning in the rat: evidence for a role of serotonin in memory consolidation. AB - The acute effect of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) releasing compound p chloroamphetamine (PCA) on the acquisition and retention of shock-elicited fear conditioning to the contextual cues of a normal two-compartment shuttlebox in the rat was studied in three experiments. PCA (5 mg/kg) did not impair the acquisition of fear conditioning (Experiment 1). PCA, administered either 30 or 60 min before fear conditioning, caused a total blockade of fear retention when tested 24 h after acquisition. This retrograde amnesic effect was blocked by the 5-HT uptake blocker zimelidine (10 mg/kg) when PCA was injected 60 min before shock. These findings indicate that 5-HT neurones, possibly in the forebrain, may exert an inhibitory influence upon the long-term aspects of information consolidation in memory. PMID- 7279304 TI - Circadian rhythm dissociation in the rat: effects of long-term constant illumination. AB - Long-term exposure to constant dim illumination dissociated the circadian activity rhythms of female rats. Evaluation of this phenomenon by visual and spectral analysis indicated that ultradian rhythms survive the breakdown of circadian organization. PMID- 7279306 TI - Suppression of simple spike discharges of cerebellar Purkinje cells by impulses in climbing fibre afferents. AB - Electrical stimulation has been used to activate climbing fibres (CFs) projecting to the cat cerebellar cortex, and the effects of low frequency (up to 10 Hz) trains of CF inputs on the discharges of cerebellar cortical neurons has been examined. Repetitive activation of the CF innervating a Purkinje (P) cell could reduce or completely suppress the ongoing simple spike discharges (SS) of the P cell. Suppression of SS was very readily produced by trains of short bursts of impulses in the CF. SS could remain suppressed for up to 4 min after such a train of CF impulses. Recording obtained from Golgi, basket and granule cells indicates that these cortical neurones did not mediate the suppression. It is proposed that the SS are suppressed as the result of a direct action of CF impulses on the P cell's dendritic tree which blocks the ongoing transmission of excitation from parallel fibres. PMID- 7279305 TI - Isolation of intermediate filaments from rat astrocytes in culture. AB - Intermediate filaments from rat astrocytes in culture were isolated by subcellular fractionation. The fractionation was monitored by electron microscopy and by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis using rabbit antibody directed against human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA). Morphologically intermediate filaments appeared helical with a mean diameter of 10 nm. Isolated filaments were disassembled at highly alkaline pH. After lowering of pH to slightly acidic values reassembled filaments, approximately 17 nm in diameter, were observed. As revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the filament preparation was composed predominantly of a 51,000 molecular weight protein, corresponding to GFA. At high loads additional proteins of molecular weights 43,000 and 58,000 were detected. These latter proteins may represent residual actin and vimentin, respectively. PMID- 7279307 TI - Repetitive firing of cerebellar Purkinje cells in response to impulse in climbing fibre afferents. AB - The effects of climbing fibre (CF) impulses on the discharges of cerebellar cortical cells has been studied in the cat. It was found that a brief burst of impulses in a CF can evoke a prolonged excitatory response in the Purkinje (P) cell it innervates. The response consisted of a burst of action potentials that lasted from 50 to 400 msec in different P cells. Bursts of CF impulses were not observed to accelerate the discharge of granule cells. It is therefore suggested that this powerful response results from a direct action of CF impulses on the P cell. PMID- 7279308 TI - Identification of the unmyelinated sensory nerves which evoke plasma extravasation in response to antidromic stimulation. AB - Antidromic stimulation of single polymodal nociceptive C fibres in the rat's hind leg evoked a localized (about 6 m2) increase in vascular permeability of the skin as shown by the leakage of Evan's blue dye from the circulation. This effect was not observed with stimulation of single C low threshold mechanosensitive or warm sensitive fibres, or of single C fibres for which a peripheral receptive field could not be identified. PMID- 7279309 TI - Two types of spike generation of human Auerbach's plexus cells in culture. AB - Cultured cells from Auerbach's plexus derived from human small intestine were used in this study. The cultured cells were classified into two types according to their morphological characteristics. Type I cells have small soma, and few processes. Type 2 cells have large soma, many processes, and form complex networks. Intracellularly applied currents cause action potentials, followed by hyperpolarizing afterpotentials. Delayed rectification was seen. The electrical properties of these cells in culture showed different types of spike generation. Action potentials of type I cells involve Ca ions and Na ions, and those of type 2 cells, Ca ions. PMID- 7279310 TI - Motor unit activities during maintained voluntary muscle contraction at constant levels in man. AB - Activities of motor units of human tibialis anterior muscle were studied when the subject maintained the force of the muscle at a constant level voluntarily. Motor units were classified into two main groups according to their discharge frequencies and their tensions. Those units which were recruited from the beginning of the contraction and discharged tonically throughout yielded low tensions and units which showed discharge only for a limited period produced higher tensions. PMID- 7279311 TI - Respiratory components of human postural sway. AB - The effects of respiration on postural sway in normal human subjects was studied using averaging and spectral techniques. During voluntarily paced respiration a substantial proportion of sway was found to result from respiratory activity. The magnitude of the respiratory contribution to sway was approximately constant over the normal range of respiratory rates and linearly related to respiration amplitude. Respiration evoked similar changes in reaction torque in seated subjects. These results indicate that body movements associated with paced respiration are an important disturbance to the postural control system. Furthermore, these disturbances are not reduced by compensatory movements of the hip as has been suggested by others. PMID- 7279312 TI - Jaw opening reflex affected by electroacupuncture in rat. AB - In rats, the jaw opening reflex to tooth pulp stimulation was suppressed, but that to lower lip stimulation was scarcely affected by electroacupuncture stimulation of the forefoot. After transection of the spinal trigeminal nucleus at the obex level, the magnitude of the reflex to tooth pulp stimulation was greatly decreased and electroacupuncture was less effective on the pulp-evoked reflex. By contrast, the reflex activity to lower lip stimulation was not altered after the transection. The present study suggests that the site of action of electroacupuncture on the jaw opening reflex is in the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and that pulp evoked jaw opening reflex is a presumed nocifensive response. PMID- 7279313 TI - Bilateral asymmetry in brain GABA function? AB - The GABA system was studied in different regions of the rat's brain following inhibition of brain GABA catabolism with intracisternal ethanolamine-O-sulphate or intraperitoneal aminooxyacetic acid. Both treatments lowered GABA aminotransferase and glutamate decarboxylase activities to similar extents in equivalent nuclei on either side of the brain. However, GABA contents were elevates to a consistently higher level in the right-hand substantia nigra, superior colliculus and nucleus accumbens, and in the left-hand ventral tegmentum, ventromedial thalamus and caudate nucleus, with no bilateral asymmetry evident in globus pallidus. These findings are discussed with reference to possible inherent inequalities in the functional states similar GABA systems on opposite sides of the brain. PMID- 7279314 TI - Primary afferent depolarization of tooth pulp afferents by stimulation in nucleus raphe magnus and the adjacent reticular formation in the cat: effects of bicuculline. AB - In decerebrate cats electrical stimulation in nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and the adjacent region of the reticular formation (NRGC) produced a decrease in the threshold of antidromic responses evoked in the tooth pulp following stimulation in the trigeminal nucleus oralis. This primary afferent depolarization (PAD) of Adelta afferents was unaffected by naloxone given intravenously. Bicuculline, given intravenously or applied directly to the terminal region by iontophoresis, selectively antagonised the PAD evoked by stimulating in NRM. The results suggest that GABA is involved in mediating presynaptic inhibition of Adelta tooth pulp input following stimulation in NRM. PMID- 7279315 TI - Eseroline: a new antinociceptive agent derived from physostigmine with opiate receptor agonist properties. Experimental in vivo and in vitro studies on cats and rodents. AB - We report that eseroline, until now thought devoid of any biological action, is a potent antinociceptive agent. Its antinociceptive action is stronger than that of morphine in all tests studied and, though shorter lasting than that of the latter, has a latency of only a few minutes by subcutaneous route. Eseroline, like morphine and enkephalins, inhibits the electrically evoked twitches of the mouse vas deferens and of the guinea-pig ileum. Eseroline, moreover, releases 5 hydroxytryptamine from cat brain cortex in way similar to that of morphine and physostigmine. PMID- 7279316 TI - Intrastriatal folic acid mimics the distant but not local brain damaging properties of kainic acid. AB - Folic acid (pteroyl-L-glutamine acid, PGA), when injected into the rat striatum, has the kainic acid (KA) property of inducing sustained seizures and a disseminated pattern of distant brain damage, but lacks the KA property of destroying neurons locally at the injection site. This suggests the interesting possibility that one component of KA neurotoxicity (seizure-related distant damage) may involve interaction with a folate system. Folates are promising tools for exploring the neurotoxic properties of KA and, more importantly, for studying mechanisms of epilepsy and epileptic brain damage. PMID- 7279317 TI - Utilization of growth constants as response variables in experimental nutrition. PMID- 7279318 TI - Infections as deterrents of child growth. PMID- 7279320 TI - Copper metabolism in premature and low-birth-weight neonates. PMID- 7279322 TI - Erythrocyte abnormalities in experimental magnesium deficiency. PMID- 7279321 TI - Body fat distribution and lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue during pregnancy and lactation. PMID- 7279323 TI - The influence of copper status on bone resorption. PMID- 7279324 TI - Sodium intake and sodium sensitivity. PMID- 7279319 TI - Genetic determination of coenzyme synthesis in red cells. PMID- 7279327 TI - Compliance: philosophical and ethical considerations. PMID- 7279326 TI - Part 2. Secondary amenorrhea. PMID- 7279325 TI - Protocol: varicella: diagnosis and management. PMID- 7279328 TI - Toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7279329 TI - Non-clinical problems: strategies for the use of power. PMID- 7279331 TI - Clinical problems: the injured ankle. PMID- 7279330 TI - Pharmacy update: water soluble vitamins. Part 1. PMID- 7279332 TI - Diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7279333 TI - Capitol report: money and politics. PMID- 7279334 TI - Premature ovarian failure. AB - Premature ovarian failure remains a multifactorial syndrome in which genetic, immune, and environmental factors may play a role. The possible etiology and pathophysiology of premature ovarian failure is reviewed. A scheme of the management of premature ovarian failure is illustrated. This allows a logical approach in which the final diagnosis has to be made with laparotomy ovarian biopsy. It is hoped that future research can be directed to the solution of the etiology of premature menopause and insensitive ovary syndrome, as well as the management of patients with insensitive ovary syndrome, so that either by estrogen replacement or stimulation with hypothalamic/pituitary hormone these primordial follicles can be induced to develop normally. PMID- 7279336 TI - IUD use and unexplained vaginal bleeding. AB - The Women's Health Study, a concurrent case-control study at 16 hospitals in 9 cities across the United States, examined the relationship between intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) use and unexplained vaginal bleeding severe enough to require hospitalization. There were 545 eligible cases and 3453 controls. Analysis of all patients showed no association between IUD use and hospitalization for unexplained vaginal bleeding. When cases were analyzed separately with regard to prior episodes of vaginal bleeding, those patients with a history of vaginal bleeding had a decreased risk of hospitalization. Among cases, no significant differences between IUD users and nonusers were found in rates of anesthesia, blood transfusion, dilatation and curettage, or hysterectomy. The significant decreased risk between current IUD use (within 3 months before the study) and hospitalization for unexplained vaginal bleeding among women with a history of vaginal bleeding may reflect selective nonprescription for IUDs related to past episodes of vaginal bleeding. PMID- 7279335 TI - Deaths from second trimester abortion by dilatation and evacuation: causes, prevention, facilities. AB - In 1978, dilatation and evacuation (D & E) became the leading method of abortion at 13 weeks' gestation or later in the United States. The increasing popularity of D & E reflects its relative advantages in safety, convenience, expense, and speed when compared with alternate methods. The authors reviewed all reported deaths from D & E in the United States between January 1, 1972, and December 31, 1978. The predominant causes of death were infection and hemorrhage. both race and gestational age significantly influence the death:case rate for D & E procedures. White women had a threefold lower risk of dying from D & E than women of other races. D & E procedures performed at 13 to 15 weeks' gestation were nearly 3 times safer than those performed at 16 weeks or later. D & E performed in nonhospital settings did not have higher death:case rates than those performed in hospitals. Comparative mortality data suggest abortion by D & E at 13 weeks' gestation or later is more dangerous than suction curettage performed earlier in gestation, but safer than instillation techniques performed later. The advantage of D & E occurs largely in the 13- to 15-week gestation interval, that is, at the beginning of the second trimester. Policy makers should reconsider laws requiring all second trimester abortions to be performed in hospitals. Based on these data, 16 weeks' gestation would be more appropriate threshold at present. PMID- 7279337 TI - Urinary magnesium, calcium, and phosphate excretion during magnesium sulfate infusion. AB - Urinary excretion of magnesium, calcium, and phosphate was measured in 20 preeclamptic pregnant women treated with intravenous magnesium sulfate. Blood levels of these substances, as well as of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, were also measured. Urinary magnesium excretion increased 20-fold during magnesium sulfate infusion. Seventy-five percent of the infused magnesium was excreted during the infusion, and 90% within 24 hours after treatment. Urinary calcium concentration increased 4.5-fold during magnesium sulfate infusion, and the urinary calcium excretion rate was 3 times that observed in controls. Urinary phosphate concentration and excretion rate were the same in treated and control subjects. During treatment, maternal serum total calcium fell 25%, ionized calcium fell 12%, and parathyroid hormone rose 26%. Magnesium sulfate therapy depresses maternal calcium levels by increasing urinary calcium loss, and increased parathyroid hormone output prevents more marked hypocalcemia. PMID- 7279338 TI - Continuous fetal monitoring following third-trimester amniocentesis. AB - One hundred forty-six patients were monitored for up to 2 hours after third trimester amniocentesis. The patterns of uterine and fetal activity, as well as fetal heart rate, were analyzed using the criteria for nonstress and contraction stress testing. There was a clear relationship between these observations and perinatal outcome. Postamniocentesis monitoring was associated with an Apgar score of 6 or less in only 10% of cases with reactive patterns, compared with in 75% of cases with nonreactive patterns and reduced variability and in all cases with late-component deceleration. All cases of immediate fetal jeopardy were detected and there was no fetal loss. Postamniocentesis monitoring appears to offer significant prognostic information for perinatal outcome in high-risk pregnancy. PMID- 7279339 TI - Simultaneous nonstress fetal heart rate testing in twin pregnancy. AB - Twenty-four sets of twins in the third trimester of pregnancy underwent 120 simultaneously recorded nonstress tests (NSTs). Synchronous patterns of fetal heart rate alterations occurred in 58% of the cases and were associated with single placentas and small weight differences between twins. Reactive NSTs were frequent (77%) and, when they occurred within 1 week of delivery, conferred a good prognosis, ie, no perinatal deaths and low morbidity. Nonreactive NSTs were associated with both fetal deaths and a perinatal morbidity of 28%. simultaneous NSTs for twins are technically feasible in the third trimester. They confer a reliable prognosis when reactive; nonreactive tests are less specific and require further investigation. PMID- 7279340 TI - Parental chromosome translocations and fetal loss. AB - The authors report on the incidence of translocations detected among 300 Greek couples referred for cytogenetic investigation because of repeated abortion, stillbirth, and/or the birth of children with multiple congenital anomalies. Translocations were detected in 16 cases, ie, 1 of 19 couples. However, the incidence of the translocations was unevenly distributed. Nine translocations (3.3%, or 1 of 29 couples) were identified among couples with repeated abortions and stillbirths only, whereas 7 translocations (21.2%, or 1 of 5 couples) were detected among couples who, in addition to having had repeated abortions, had also given birth to children with congenital anomalies. This difference is statistically significant. PMID- 7279341 TI - Hysterectomy at the time of cesarean section: analysis of 108 cases. AB - One hundred eight cases of cesarean hysterectomy are analyzed. Important differences in operative complications and postoperative morbidity between elective and emergency cases are emphasized. Elective cases had a higher incidence of urinary tract injury but a much lower incidence of excessive blood loss, blood transfusion, and febrile morbidity. Transfusion was required in 19% of all operations, including 66.6% of emergency cases and 11.8% of elective operations. Febrile morbidity occurred in 30.5% and morbidity of all types in 35.2% of patients. A close correlation is demonstrated between operating time and febrile morbidity. No maternal mortality occurred in this series. Operative injury to the urinary tract, adnexal bleeding, broad ligament hematomas, vaginal cuff bleeding, and adequate identification of the cervix are problems that must be dealt with when performing a cesarean hysterectomy. Details of operative technique are described that address these problems and minimize blood loss and postoperative morbidity. PMID- 7279342 TI - Prognostic characteristics of serum human chorionic gonadotropin titer regression following molar pregnancy. AB - The postevacuation serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) regression curves of 77 women with hydatid moles were analyzed from the perspective of refining the criteria for diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Forty nine patients (64%) demonstrated a spontaneous, progressive fall in serum hCG titers to levels nondetectable by radioimmunoassay within 15 weeks. The regression curves of the remaining 28 patients exhibited a plateau or rise in titer, usually during the first 6 weeks after evacuation. Analysis of the 2 groups demonstrates a statistically significant difference in regression curves that permits early identification of the patient with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. The significance of these curves is discussed. PMID- 7279344 TI - Rubella, the Trojan horse of obstetrics. AB - Documentation has been provided that health care personnel working in prenatal clinics have exposed their patients to the rubella virus. Various states have instituted rules and regulations toward the prevention of spread of rubella to pregnant women. These regulations have been ineffectual as rubella antibody testing and immunization programs do not include all health care providers. Cogent reasons for rubella antibody testing and immunization of all susceptible health care providers, whether they are physicians, nurses, or students, are presented. PMID- 7279343 TI - Dysgerminoma: a review of 158 cases from the Emil Novak Ovarian Tumor Registry. AB - One hundred and fifty-eight dysgerminomas from the Emil Novak Ovarian Tumor Registry and the Gynecologic Pathology Laboratory of The Johns Hopkins Hospital were reviewed. Five-year follow-up was available for 82% and 10-year follow-up was available for 65%, with survival rates of 83% and 74% for pure tumors, respectively. Survival was related to stage of disease and presence of other germ cell elements. Patients treated by unilateral adnexectomy alone for stage IA pure dysgerminoma had a 95% 5-year survival. Survival of these patients was not affected by tumor size. PMID- 7279346 TI - Pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma complicating pregnancy. AB - The first known case of pregnancy complicated by pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma is reported. The patient developed dyspnea late in pregnancy, but there was no objective evidence of deterioration in arterial blood gases or pulmonary function tests. Cesarean section was required at 36 weeks' gestation because of falling estriol levels in the presence of a breech presentation and an inability to induce cervical dilation. Maternal, postoperative, and neonatal courses were normal. Recommendations are made concerning the treatment of similar patients with similar symptoms. PMID- 7279345 TI - Histiocytosis X and pregnancy. AB - Histiocytosis X is associated with a pathologic proliferation of mononuclear histiocytes in the reticular endothelial system. Different clinical manifestations of this group of disorders may occur. Pregnancy and histiocytosis X infrequently occur simultaneously. Four cases previously reported along with 1 new case of histiocytosis X and pregnancy are reviewed in this report. Only chronic histiocytosis X, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease (HSCD), has been reported to occur during pregnancy. The most frequent complication during pregnancy was the onset or exacerbation of diabetes insipidus, as frequently seen with this disorder. The possibility that HSCD may alter pituitary function may contribute to the infrequent occurrence of pregnancy in patients with this disorder. PMID- 7279347 TI - Triplet pregnancy in uterus didelphys with delivery interval of 72 days. AB - A unique case of triplet pregnancy in a woman with uterus didelphys is described, with fetuses A and B in the right uterine horn and fetus C in the left horn. Missed abortion of fetus A was diagnosed in the 22nd week of gestation by real time ultrasonography, but only in the 27th week of gestation did the right uterine horn contract, resulting in expulsion of fetus A. Fetus B was delivered by cesarean section 2 hours later. Fetus C remained in the left uterine horn until the 37th week of gestation, when a viable 2490-g female infant was delivered by cesarean section. Triplet pregnancy occurs with sufficient frequency to be unremarkable; however, triplet pregnancy in a patient with uterus didelphys and with 72 days' lapse between the delivery of the first 2 fetuses and delivery of the third is a rare occurrence. PMID- 7279349 TI - Cord length and complications. PMID- 7279348 TI - Steroid section patterns of a hilus cell tumor of the ovary. AB - Steroidogenic function of a locally invasive hilus cell tumor of the ovary was studied. Serum levels of testosterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, and estradiol were measured in blood samples from the peripheral and the ovarian vein. The tumor was secreting all but estradiol. Concentrations of progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were greatly elevated. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were the predominant androgens secreted by the tumor. Estradiol concentrations were elevated but without a significant peripheral-ovarian gradient. Concentrations of all the steroids coming from the tumor were increased paradoxically in the peripheral circulation after administration of dexamethasone, and the tumor was responsive to stimulation by human chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 7279350 TI - Dexamethasone for respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7279351 TI - Auchter's management: equalizing the emphasis of OSHA. Interview by Meg Van Meter. PMID- 7279353 TI - Modern industrialization and the competitive edge. PMID- 7279354 TI - So you want to be an occupational physician? PMID- 7279352 TI - Video display Terminals: the eyes have had it! PMID- 7279358 TI - Women, alcohol and the "hidden' habit. PMID- 7279359 TI - Routine tests: a costly convenience? PMID- 7279357 TI - ANSI: an imperfect arbiter. PMID- 7279355 TI - Overcoming male myths and taboos. PMID- 7279356 TI - Preserving eyesight through quick response. PMID- 7279361 TI - Baldness: the catastrophic event in my life. PMID- 7279360 TI - Teenage pregnancies: a report of the Subcommittee of the OSMA Committee on Maternal and Neonatal Health. PMID- 7279362 TI - Congressman Luken and the FTC. PMID- 7279364 TI - A highly successful approach to operable prostate cancer in a community hospital. PMID- 7279363 TI - After a fashion. PMID- 7279365 TI - [Main trends in the treatment of ophthalmic herpes]. PMID- 7279368 TI - [Late results of trabeculectomy in open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7279366 TI - [Pathogenetic forms and bases of therapy of ophthalmic herpes in patients with various immunity disorders]. PMID- 7279367 TI - [Treatment of herpetic keratitis with a riodoxol ointment]. PMID- 7279370 TI - [Course and outcomes of accidental laser injuries to the fundus oculi]. PMID- 7279369 TI - [Hemodynamic state of the eye and brain in hypotension]. PMID- 7279371 TI - [New method and device for studying and restoring bifixation in treating concomitant strabismus]. PMID- 7279372 TI - [Use of ultrasonic therapy in treating spasm of accommodation and a mild degree of myopia]. PMID- 7279373 TI - [Elimination of prespasms of accommodation by Dashevskii's methods of microblurring and divergent deaccommodation]. PMID- 7279374 TI - [New method of removing magnetic fragments from the crystalline lens]. PMID- 7279375 TI - [Lipid peroxidation changes in structures of the eye as 1 of the pathogenetic factors in the course of ophthalmic herpes]. PMID- 7279376 TI - [Corneal dielectric parameters of rabbits normally and in modelled viral keratitis]. PMID- 7279377 TI - [Use of a vitreotome of our own modification for cataract extraction]. PMID- 7279378 TI - [Device for filling syringes with gaseous oxygen]. PMID- 7279379 TI - [Use of local hypothermia in an acute attack of glaucoma and in glaucoma in the terminal stage complicated by a pain syndrome]. PMID- 7279380 TI - [Status of the eye in children with speech disorders]. PMID- 7279381 TI - Studies on the efferent projections of the interpeduncular complex in cats. PMID- 7279382 TI - The nerve center of the rat extrinsic ocular muscles as studied using horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 7279383 TI - Extraocular muscles and their relationship to the accessory abducens nucleus in rats as studied by the horseradish peroxidase method. PMID- 7279386 TI - The role of integumental glands in the social and mating behaviour of the hunting dog Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820). AB - The marking and mating behaviour of captive hunting dogs, Lycaon pictus, is described. Urine scent-marking was the most frequent marking behaviour observed, but anal dragging, body-rolling and body-rubbing were also recorded. The mating behaviour was typical of that of Canidae but the copulatory tie in this case was of very short duration. There was a dense accumulation of sebaceous glands in the praeputium and these secretions are probably important in the urine scent marking. There is no tail gland in L. pictus. PMID- 7279385 TI - A rapid quantitative colorimetric determination of blood acetone applied to the assessment of ketosis in fasted pregnant ewes. AB - A simple, accurate, colorimetric method for determining blood acetone as an adjunct to the enzymic method of estimating the other ketones was developed and tested on a group of fasted pregnant ewes. Acetone reacted with 2 hydroxybenzaldehyde to form a stable coloured complex that followed Beer's Law up to an acetone concentration of at least 4 mg/100 ml of the test solution at 490 nm. While the optimum incubation time of the reaction mixture was found to be 3 h at 40 degrees C, it could also be left to incubate overnight at room temperature. When tested in a blood matrix, the method gave a mean within-batch coefficient of variation of 0,7%, and a day to day variation of 0,3-1,2%, while an overall recovery of 100, 6+/-1,4% was achieved over 5 concentration ranges (2,86-10,53 mg/100 ml). The values obtained from this method corresponded closely to those from the diffusion technique previously employed and it considerably simplified the procedure. A direct linear relationship, y = 2,594x + 2,917 with a coefficient of determination r2 = 0,958 for 49 pairs of data, was found between the acetone (= x mg/100 ml) and total ketone (= y mg/100 ml) concentrations in blood samples drawn from fasted pregnant sheep. This relationship can therefore be used to estimate accurately the degree of ketosis from the blood acetone concentration alone. PMID- 7279384 TI - Some effects of 60Co irradiation on Cowdria ruminantium in its tick host Amblyomma hebraeum Koch (Acarina: Ixodidae). AB - An attempt was made to attenuate Cowdria ruminantium by irradiation of the nymphal stage of its tick host, Amblyomma hebraeum. The irradiated nymphs were homogenized and serial dilutions of the resultant suspension were injected intravenously into heartwater-susceptible sheep. No attenuation could be demonstrated but the results indicate that progressively more micro-organisms will be destroyed the higher the irradiation dosage applied, and that dosages between 20 and 30 kilorad apparently prove fatal to all the pathogenic organisms. PMID- 7279387 TI - Ixodes (Afrixodes) matopi n. sp. (Acarina: Ixodidae): a tick found aggregating on pre-orbital gland scent marks of the klipspringer in Zimbabwe. AB - Ixodes (Afrixodes) matopi n. sp. is described from females and males collected off twigs bearing deposits of intraspecific communication marks secreted by the pre-orbital glands of the klipspringer Oreotragus oreotragus and from laboratory reared immature specimens. One female was also found on a goat. The 4 collections were all from Zimbabwe, 3 of them from Matabeleland South Province and the fourth from Inyanga District, Zimbabwe. PMID- 7279388 TI - Ecological studies on Ixodes (Afrixodes) matopi Spickett, Keirans, Norval & Clifford, 1980 (Acarina: Ixodidae). AB - Ixodes (Afrixodes) matopi occurs in association with the klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus) in rocky areas in Zimbabwe. The adult ticks are specific parasites of this antelope and the immature stages feed on klipspringers, hydraxes (Procavia capensis and Heterohyrax brucei) and red rock hares (Pronolagus crassicaudatus). Adults are active only in the wet season and prior to feeding are found on bushes growing adjacent to rocks. The ticks aggregate on twigs which have been marked with the secretions of the pre-orbital glands of klipspringers. Larvae are evident in greatest numbers in the latter part of the wet season and nymphs in the cool dry season. Unfed larvae and nymphs occur predominantly on mats of humid leaf litter in the cracks and gaps between rocks, and both show well-defined patterns of daily activity. PMID- 7279391 TI - [Surgical treatment of rheumatoid lesions of the ankle joint in children]. PMID- 7279389 TI - [Traction epiphysiolysis]. PMID- 7279390 TI - [Ligament injury of the ankle joint]. PMID- 7279392 TI - [The nature of posttraumatic aseptic femur head necrosis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7279394 TI - [Ambulatory polyclinic care for orthopedic injury patients in the 10th Five-Year Plan and tasks for its improvement]. PMID- 7279393 TI - [Rehabilitation therapy following open reduction of congenital hip dislocation in children]. PMID- 7279395 TI - [Medical rehabilitation of children with congenital hypoplasia of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7279396 TI - [Subastragalar arthrodesis with compression osteosynthesis and immediate prosthesis in treating defective foot stumps]. PMID- 7279397 TI - [Congenital muscular torticollis due to sternocleidomastoid muscle aplasia]. PMID- 7279398 TI - [Tibiopatellar traction loop in patellar fractures]. PMID- 7279399 TI - [Treatment of osteoepiphysiolysis of the distal end of the tibia]. PMID- 7279400 TI - [Treatment of inveterate hip dislocation and pseudarthrosis]. PMID- 7279401 TI - [Surgical treatment method in juvenile epiphysiolysis of the femur head]. PMID- 7279403 TI - [Bed jack support]. PMID- 7279404 TI - [Classification of mechanical injuries (results of a discussion on injury classification)]. PMID- 7279402 TI - [Method of corrective, oblique subtrochanteric osteotomy of the femur with simultaneous elongation in coxa vara]. PMID- 7279405 TI - [Methods of assessing the state of the hip joint in congenital hip dislocation in children]. PMID- 7279406 TI - [Achievements and prospects of modern prosthetic care]. PMID- 7279407 TI - [Membrane proliferative glomerulonephritis in childhood]. PMID- 7279408 TI - [Clinical examination, mammography and aspiration cytology in the combined diagnosis of breast diseases]. PMID- 7279409 TI - [Fibrinolytic therapy of phlegmasia coerulea dolens]. PMID- 7279411 TI - [Screening of newborn infants for hypothyroidism in the city of Gyor]. PMID- 7279412 TI - [Acute disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by heparin therapy]. PMID- 7279410 TI - [Comparative in vitro bacteriologic and pharmacokinetic study of gentamycin and tobramycin]. PMID- 7279413 TI - [Successful hyperbaric therapy of cerebral air embolism causing cortical blindness]. PMID- 7279414 TI - [Stress radiograph or arthrography?]. PMID- 7279415 TI - [Perinatal infections with unusual pathogens. 3. Flavobacterium meningosepticum]. PMID- 7279416 TI - [Specific features of the roentgen picture of the cervical spine in children]. PMID- 7279417 TI - [Infantile coxitis from the orthopedic viewpoint]. PMID- 7279418 TI - [Iliopsoas transposition in myelodysplastic paralytic luxation of the hip joints]. PMID- 7279419 TI - Pain complaint--exercise performance relationship in chronic pain. AB - Chronic pain patients typically display reduced activity level attributed to pain and implying a positive correlation between exercise or activity and pain complaints. This study correlated observed pain complaints with amount of prescribed exercise performed by chronic pain patients when exercising to tolerance. Patients were in evaluation of earliest stages of multi-modal treatment. Exercises were physician prescribed to assess use of involved body parts and to promote general activity level. Patients were instructed to do exercise repetitions until pain, weakness or fatigue caused them to stop. Patients decided when to stop. Observations of amount of exercise performed were correlated with observed visible or audible indications of pain or suffering (pain behaviors). Results indicate a consistent negative relationship, i.e., the more exercise performed, the fewer the pain behaviors. This finding is contrary to the frequently observed physician prescription with chronic pain to limit exercise when pain increases. PMID- 7279420 TI - Tertiary gain and chronic pain. PMID- 7279421 TI - On "the lateralization of pain". AB - The hypothesis put forth by Merskey and Watson [16] that pain, when lateralized, occurs more often on the left was tested in a sample of 264 patients seen at the University of Washington Pain Service. Contrary to the hypothesis, pain occurred with equal frequency on the left and the right. No differences were observed between patients with left and right lateralized pain on the MMPI, IBQ or Zung depression scales. The discrepancy between these findings and those of Merskey and Watson probably reflects differences in the populations studied, differences in the conventions used to define pain laterality, and the fact that the multiple statistical tests on a single sample used by Merskey and his colleagues lead to a large probability of obtaining spuriously significant results. PMID- 7279422 TI - Opiate pharmacology and individual differences. I. Psychophysical pain measurements. AB - A new electric stimulation pain assessment technique using the Tursky electrode and a non-parametric analysis of subjects ratings was found sensitive to aspirin, morphine and opiate antagonists in a series of double-blind cross-over trials in normal adults. Stable individual differences in pain sensitivity (off medication) were maintained on two testing sessions 7 months apart. Older individuals were less pain sensitive than younger individuals. Men were more insensitive than women under age 30. Together, these results suggest the empiric usefulness of this pain measurement technique. PMID- 7279423 TI - Opiate pharmacology and individual differences. II. Somatosensory evoked potentials. AB - Somatosensory evoked potentials (EPs) to stimuli ranging from barely perceptible to painful were recorded in 153 normal adults. Reliability of amplitude and amplitude/intensity slopes were demonstrated in 29 individuals tested twice, two or more weeks apart. In randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trials, both aspirin and morphine significantly diminished N120 component at high stimulus intensities. Age, sex and pharmacological effects paralleled those found with psychophysical techniques in part I of this study. PMID- 7279426 TI - Neurophysiology at the Shanghai Institute of Physiology. PMID- 7279425 TI - Sensations on stimulating the pulps of human teeth, thresholds and tolerance ratio. PMID- 7279427 TI - Nociceptive reflexes and pain sensation in man. PMID- 7279428 TI - Bladder cancer after spinal cord injury. AB - We reviewed 25 patients who developed carcinoma of the bladder following spinal cord injury among a series of 6744 paraplegic and tetraplegic patients. An analysis of the incidence, presentation, possible predisposing factors and prognosis was carried out. The majority presented at a younger age and there was a significantly higher incidence of squamous carcinoma than in the non-paraplegic population. The anterior bladder wall was involved in about 25 per cent of the cases. The prognosis is poor. PMID- 7279424 TI - Analgesic responses to morphine and placebo in individuals with postoperative pain. AB - The effects of placebo and varying doses of intravenous morphine were studied in 74 patients. All patients underwent extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Two hours after onset of anesthesia all patients received a placebo (intravenous saline). One hour after the placebo administration each patient received either a second placebo or, 4, 6, 8 or 12 mg of morphine, double blind, via a hidden intravenous line. Pain level was evaluated 50 min after morphine administration using a visual analog scale. Pooled data from all patients produced a dose-response curve asymptotic by 8 mg. The mean pain relief following the second placebo was found to be between that obtained following hidden administration of 4 and 6 mg of morphine. When pain level reports for individuals were plotted two unexpected features appeared. First, no patient reported complete relief, even at the highest dose of morphine (12 mg). Second, pain level reports 50 min following each dose of morphine tended to be in two clusters. Within each cluster the average pain was independent of the dose of morphine administered. However, in groups receiving progressively higher doses of morphine, the percentage of patients within the low pain level cluster increased. These latter observations are most consistent with the concept that there is a step component for narcotic analgesia. PMID- 7279429 TI - Psychological response to acute spinal cord injury: an epidemiological study. AB - This study empirically examines psychological reactions to spinal cord injury from a coping and adaptation perspective. Ego defensive, affective and coping reactions, and long-term personality reactions are described at the time of discharge from the acute care hospital (n = 190). These psychological reactions are examined for their association with neurological function on admission, at discharge, and changes in neurological status during hospitalisation. Affective reactions to injury were still evident in this sample and related positively to severity of motor and, to a lesser degree, sensory disability. Affective reactions were also generally associated with negative coping responses which could interfere with successful rehabilitation therapy. The study indicates that intensive psychological counselling is required by many patients during acute hospitalisation and prior to transfer for rehabilitation. PMID- 7279431 TI - Reduction of hypercalciuria in tetraplegia after weight-bearing and strengthening exercises. PMID- 7279432 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst of a vertebral body with acute paraplegia. PMID- 7279430 TI - Depression in spinal cord injured patients. AB - Many regard depression as an inevitable psychological sequela of spinal cord injury. This assumption, if inaccurate, may confound the rehabilitation process. We evaluated 22 patients with recent spinal cord injuries (less than 6 months), using a standardised interview and diagnostic process. Five patients (22 per cent) had diagnosable depressions after their injury. This is higher than the incidence of depression in the general population, but less than anticipated. PMID- 7279433 TI - Reflex ejaculation under vibratory stimulation in paraplegic men. PMID- 7279434 TI - Cervical spine injuries resulting from collision sports. PMID- 7279435 TI - The prevention of shoulder pain and contracture in the acute tetraplegia patient. PMID- 7279436 TI - [New mermithid genera and species parasitic in fleas]. AB - A new genus and a new species Imosmermis morosovi gen. sp. n. found in the flea Xenopsilla gerbilli minor Jordan are described. The genus Imosmermis differs from all known genera of Mermithidae by the absence of mouth and reduction of stihostome and the dorsal chord. Body is long and very thin. A new genus Aphanimermis comb. n. for the species Psyllomermis tshumacovae Rubzov is created. This genus is characterized with a stilet, with high developed lateral and ventral chord as well as with a tail which is absent in other genera infecting fleas. PMID- 7279438 TI - [Effect of allantonematids on the reproduction and population of the flea, Ceratophyllus laeviceps (Siphonaptera)]. PMID- 7279437 TI - [Potential use of the light trap for studying the seasonal course of the population count and age composition of Culicoides sinanoensis (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) biting midges in southern Krasnoyarsk Territory]. PMID- 7279439 TI - [Horn fly (Muscidae) fauna and ecology in the area of the Baikal-Amur mainline]. AB - 4 species of horn flies were recorded from the territory of the Baikal-Amur railway: Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematobia stimulans, Lyperosia irritans and Lyperosia titillans. The autumn horn fly was found to be most widespread and dangerous. It was especially abundant in Priamurje, in the zone of the monsoon climate, where it behaves as a typical pasture species. The behaviour, daily and seasonal dynamics and flight duration (90 to 150 days) of horn flies changes noticeably depending on natural conditions; they all have a broken distribution area here. The cultivation of the Baikal-Amur railway territory by man favours the spread of horn flies over this territory. Most dangerous they are for man and domestic animals in the western and eastern parts of the Baikal-Amur railway. PMID- 7279440 TI - [Parasitology institutes in Japan]. PMID- 7279441 TI - [Possible approaches to altering the course and prognosis of traumatic shock]. PMID- 7279442 TI - [Pathophysiologic and morphologic study of the central nervous system following prolonged clinical death]. PMID- 7279443 TI - [Changes in the functional state of the liver in acute experimental pancreatitis based on results of serum chemiluminescence studies]. PMID- 7279444 TI - [Role of CO2 in the mechanism of reparative regeneration of bone tissue (radioisotope study)]. PMID- 7279445 TI - [Role of phospholipid metabolism disorders in changes in the permeability of the hematocellular barrier of the myocardium in the absence of extracardiac parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation]. PMID- 7279448 TI - [Cytogenetic consequences of helium-neon laser irradiation of rat bone marrow cells]. PMID- 7279446 TI - [Colony formation in unevenly irradiated adult thymectomized CBA strain mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes]. PMID- 7279447 TI - [Effect of secondary hyperaldosteronism on the response of the subcommissural organ of the brain and the glomerular zone of the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 7279449 TI - [Use of television microscopy to record microvessel response and changes in their diameter]. PMID- 7279450 TI - [Adapter-cassette for luminescent microscopes for the quantitative recording of fluorescence spectra]. PMID- 7279452 TI - [Complex procedure for studying the motor function of hollow organs, arterial pressure, and pulse oscillations in intramural and extraorganic vessels during surgery]. PMID- 7279451 TI - [System for automatic recording of the orienting response in rats]. PMID- 7279453 TI - [Experimental expansion of the possibilities for evaluation of cardiac output by the technic of integral rheography using a high frequency filter]. PMID- 7279455 TI - [Effect of inhibitors of the trasylol type of the permeability and composition of lysosomal membranes of liver cells in thermal burns]. PMID- 7279457 TI - Disorders of electrolyte metabolism. PMID- 7279456 TI - Maintenance fluids and the management of diarrheal dehydration. PMID- 7279454 TI - [Possibilities and trends of immunopharmacology]. PMID- 7279458 TI - Disorders of acid-base equilibrium. PMID- 7279461 TI - Preparation of children for hospitalization in acute care hospitals in the United States. PMID- 7279459 TI - Water intoxication in normal infants: role of antidiuretic hormone in pathogenesis. AB - Eight infants, 2 to 5 months of age, who were seen somnolence or irritability, seizures, and hypothermia are described. The symptoms developed following the ingestion of dilute formula. All infants were hyponatremic. Three patients were identified by the symptom complex and were evaluated prior to any therapeutic intervention. Plasma arginine vasopressin concentration and urinary osmolality were either normal or increased despite hyponatremia and decreased serum osmolality. These data, coupled with rapid biochemical and clinical improvement following fluid restriction and/or administration of 3% NaCl, strongly implicate the excessive release of arginine vasopressin in the pathogenesis of this syndrome of water intoxication. PMID- 7279460 TI - Sleep parameters and respiratory variables in "near miss' sudden infant death syndrome infants. AB - Twenty-nine near miss for sudden infant death syndrome and thirty normal infants between the ages of 3 weeks and 6 months were monitored polygraphically for 24 hours. The distribution of sleep and abnormal respiratory events were analyzed for both groups. On the basis of mixed and obstructive apnea, 12-hour nocturnal segments (8 PM to 8 AM) consistently distinguished near miss from normal infant groups between the ages of 3 weeks and 4.5 months. Daytime naps do not provide statistical differences sufficient to differentiate between the two groups. During sleep, abnormal respiratory events are more likely to occur between 1 AM and 6 AM, at least 40 minutes after sleep onset. Respiratory pauses show a significant increase just prior to waking (a strong respiratory stimulus). Any impairment of the arousal threshold during sleep will place near miss infants at increased risk. PMID- 7279462 TI - Pericarditis and cardiac tamponade in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Cardiac tamponade is a rare complication of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Three cases seen in the last two years at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia are reported and compared to four previously reported cases. All three children had systemic-type juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with tachypnea, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Cardiac signs in these children included decreased heart sounds, pericardial friction rub, jugular venous distention, and pulsus paradoxus greater than 12 mm Hg. Roentgenograms of the chest showed cardiomegaly with bilateral pleural effusions. Electrocardiograms showed sinus tachycardia and nonspecific ST T wave changes. Echocardiograms demonstrated pericardial effusions in all subjects and poor ventricular movements in one child. All three children were treated with short-acting anti-inflammatory drugs and/or prednisone. Pericardiocentesis was performed in two cases. There was no significant morbidity after a mean follow-up of two years. PMID- 7279463 TI - The pediatric family-patient health education library: the issue of access to information. AB - Access to medical information and full and complete disclosure of diagnostic and therapeutic data are becoming important themes in physician-family-patient relationships. A health education library that provides consumers with comprehensive reference materials, including texts originally designed for a professional readership, can be used to meet demands from the lay public for better communication between doctor and patient. although realistic concerns about in impact on families of explicit or detailed medical information have been raised, the actual incidence of such problems has been very low among the users of such an "open access" library at our institution. However, support by physicians of the library as a useful resource and their willingness and availability to discuss materials read by patients and family members are key factors in the success of such a project. PMID- 7279464 TI - Treasured objects in school-aged children. AB - Infants and young children often from tenacious, persistent attachments to soft objects. No investigation has focused, specifically, on an older school-aged population. Data were collected from parents of 171 normal children between 9 and 13 years of age from the middle to upper socioeconomic class. The study (1) compared current behavioral characteristics of children with or without a history of attachment; (2) compared the current behavioral characteristics of the children who have or have not maintained that attachment; (3) explored the relationship between parental attitudes and the persistence or disappearance of the object; and (4) explored family demographics and object use among siblings. Approximately half (54%) had formed an attachment to an object in infancy. Of the group of "users" approximately half kept it until age 9 years (49%). There were no significant behavioral differences among those children who were or were not attached to an object, or among those children who continued to use a soft object after age 9 years compared to those who never used one at all. Parents felt they had little to do, directly, with their child's relinquishing the object. Sibling use, the number of siblings, ordinal rank of the child, parents' marital status, sex of the child, and history of thumb-sucking were all unrelated to object attachment. PMID- 7279466 TI - Availability of zinc: loading tests with human milk, cow's milk, and infant formulas. AB - Uptake of zinc with human milk, cow's milk, and four infant formulas investigated using a standard zinc loading test. Female subjects consumed 25 mg of zinc with the milk or formula, the amount of which was calculated to provide 5 gm of protein, after an eight-hour fast. Blood samples were taken prior to (base line) and at 30-minute intervals for three hours after consumption of zinc. Plasma zinc response was calculated as the area under the curve change in plasma zinc from the base line value, plotted against time over three hours. The plasma response with human milk was significantly greater (P less than .005) than with cow's milk and all the formulas. The response with cow's milk and a cow's milk-based formula was one third that with human milk; responses with a soy-based and two casein hydrolysate-based formulas were lower. These results are compatible with the concept, strongly suggested by indirect evidence, that the bioavailability of zinc with human milk is better than with cow's milk or infant formulas. PMID- 7279465 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pancreatitis in children and adolescents. AB - Five cases of relapsing pancreatitis in children and adolescents are reviewed. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed in all cases and was valuable in defining the ductal anatomy. The importance of always considering the presence of an underlying structural abnormality amenable to surgical correction is stressed. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should always be considered when recurrent pancreatitis is investigated as it allows the clinician to plan more accurately medical or surgical management based on the x-ray findings. PMID- 7279469 TI - Naturopaths and childhood immunizations: heterodoxy among the unorthodox. AB - Many families at a community clinic in Seattle reported that they were choosing not to immunize their children at the advice of practitioners of naturopathy. To learn more about this alternate form of health care, a review of the available literature on naturopathy was undertaken and interviews were conducted with individual naturopaths in the state of Washington. Naturopaths vary widely in their training, practices, and philosophy of healing. Many are opposed to routine immunization because they view immunization programs as unnatural, unnecessary, and elitist. Other practitioners, however, did not actively discourage parents from immunizing their children. Pediatricians must be aware of the growing popularity of naturopathic medicine in their care of families, and in their role as advocates for children. PMID- 7279468 TI - Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with Kawasaki disease. PMID- 7279467 TI - Copper deficiency with cow's milk diet. AB - A 6-month-old full-term infant had severe anemia and neutropenia. The patient was being fed cow's milk and a diet of corn flour. Thorough investigation revealed low serum iron concentration, severe hypocupremia, low ceruloplasmin, retardation of bone age, and metaphysial irregularities and spurring. Bone marrow aspirate revealed cytoplasmic vacuolization in precursors of the erythroid and myeloid series and ringed sideroblasts. Therapy with oral iron, folic acid, and vitamin C was futile. Administration of copper sulfate resulted in brisk increase in neutrophils and reticulocytes. The child maintained normal levels of hemoglobin, neutrophils, serum copper and ceruloplasmin, and serum iron one year after copper therapy was discontinued. The probable role of unrecognized copper deficiency in causing anemia in infants more than 6 months of age is discussed, and the importance of serum copper examination in refractory iron deficiency anemia and neutropenia is stressed. To the best of our knowledge, no such case has previously been described in the literature. PMID- 7279472 TI - Fatalities caused by electrically operated garage doors. PMID- 7279473 TI - Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis and aortic regurgitation: a case presentation. AB - Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis has its onset in childhood. Aortic insufficiency occurs in children and may precede the onset of symptoms of spondylitis. It may first be seen as peripheral arthritis and aortic valvulitis before clinically evident sacroiliitis is apparent. The HLA B27 marker makes it possible to identify those patients at increased risk for development of ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7279471 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis infection in infant delivered by cesarean section. AB - Neonatal Chlamydia trachomatis infection is thought to be acquired as a result of contact with infected cervical secretions during vaginal delivery. An infant, delivered by cesarean section, who was infected with C trachomatis has been described. At 31 days of age he had conjunctivitis and respiratory distress. Nasopharyngeal aspirate grew C trachomatis and serum IgM antibody titer was 1:32 for serotype J. The patient's mother had serum IgG antibody against C trachomatis serotype J. Her cervical culture was negative for Chlamydia; however, cultures were not taken until two months after delivery and she had received antibiotics for postpartum fever and abdominal pain. The literature has been reviewed and possible modes of transmission have been discussed. PMID- 7279470 TI - Dental caries potential of liquid medications. AB - Cariogenicity of seven commonly prescribed liquid medications was studied. Sucrose content of the medications ranged from 0 to 70 gm/100 ml. Initial pH and buffering capacity were measured and found to vary widely among the medications. Intraoral microbial plaque pH changes were determined at intervals for 30 minutes following an oral rinse with each medication. These data were compared with plaque pH changes caused by rinsing with an established cariogenic challenge, 10% sucrose solution. Decreased plaque pH was caused by each medication tested. The extent and duration of the pH drop varied among the medications. Patterns of the pH curves are discussed in relation to sucrose content, endogenous pH, and buffering capacity of the medications. Intraoral pH response to several medications equaled or exceeded that seen when sucrose rinses alone were given. The findings are discussed in relation to dental caries-producing potential of long-term therapy with liquid medications, and two cases are presented that implicate liquid medications as a major etiologic factor leading to rampant dental decay. It is concluded that health practitioners should be aware of the sucrose content of pediatric medications. Patient education to ensure adequate oral clearance following each dose of medication is an essential first step in minimizing the risk of dental decay posed by long-term therapy with liquid medications. PMID- 7279474 TI - Be prepared! PMID- 7279475 TI - The "infant formula controversy': a notorious threat to reason in matters of health. PMID- 7279476 TI - Committee on Nutrition and the WHO code of marketing breast milk substitutes. PMID- 7279477 TI - The World Health Organization code of marketing of breastmilk substitutes-- Board of Directors of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association. PMID- 7279478 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. Nutrition and lactation. PMID- 7279479 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. Sodium intake of infants in the United States. PMID- 7279480 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of defects of ureagenesis. PMID- 7279482 TI - Newborn screening of urea cycle disorders. PMID- 7279483 TI - Dangers of Hydra-Lyte. PMID- 7279481 TI - Carrier detection of urea cycle disorders. PMID- 7279484 TI - Doubts relationship of salicylate and Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7279485 TI - Are lateral neck X-rays a waste of time? PMID- 7279486 TI - New formula confuses old test. PMID- 7279487 TI - Intractable diarrhea: value of the small intestinal biopsy. PMID- 7279488 TI - Exchange transfusion in treatment of sepsis. PMID- 7279490 TI - Aflatoxin and Reye's syndrome: a case control study. PMID- 7279489 TI - Teenaged and pre-teenaged pregnancies: consequences of the fetal-maternal competition for nutrients. PMID- 7279491 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of combined lesions of the digestive and biliary organs in the abdominal pain syndrome in children]. PMID- 7279492 TI - [Diagnostic potentials of the ultrasonic method of study of the pancreas in children]. PMID- 7279493 TI - [Indices of pancreatic function in healthy children]. PMID- 7279494 TI - [Immunological shifts during the exacerbation of chronic gastroduodenitis in children]. PMID- 7279495 TI - [Characteristics of the course of chronic gastroduodenitis in children with concomitant allergic reactions]. PMID- 7279496 TI - [Use of an electrogastrographic study method for evaluating the effectiveness of the combined treatment of children with chronic gastroduodenitis]. PMID- 7279497 TI - [Pathogenesis of hypersplenism in children with an extrahepatic block of the portal circulation]. PMID- 7279498 TI - [Indices of antistress activity of an Eleutherococcus extracts in lymphogranulomatosis after splenectomy]. PMID- 7279500 TI - [Tasks in the further improvement of health protection for women and children in light of the decisions of the 26th Congress of the CPSU]. PMID- 7279499 TI - [Nature of the course, diagnosis and treatment procedure in Minkowski-Chauffard hemolytic anemia in nursing infants]. PMID- 7279502 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of nervous system lesions in influenza]. PMID- 7279501 TI - [Nonketone hyperglycinemia]. PMID- 7279503 TI - [Lupus nephritis as an isolated renal lesion in the initiation of systemic lupus erythematosus in children]. PMID- 7279504 TI - [Familial predisposition in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7279505 TI - [Children with ring chromosome 13]. PMID- 7279506 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity status of children with acute respiratory viral and Mycoplasma diseases]. PMID- 7279507 TI - [Pediatric polyclinics in the city of Moscow: centers for educating the healthy child]. PMID- 7279508 TI - [Achievements of pediatrics in the field of carbohydrate hydrolysis and absorption studies]. PMID- 7279510 TI - [Trichotillomania as an obsessive neurosis in children]. PMID- 7279509 TI - [Discussion of the article, "The current aspects of pediatric education in medical colleges"]. PMID- 7279511 TI - [Allergic (eosinophilic) pneumonia in twins]. PMID- 7279512 TI - [Toxic action of carbocromen]. PMID- 7279513 TI - [2 cases of mitral valve prolapse in 1 family]. PMID- 7279514 TI - [Rud's syndrome]. PMID- 7279515 TI - [Heterogeneous forms of Klippel-Feil syndrome]. PMID- 7279518 TI - [Immunological indices in hepatitis in children as dependent on treatment methods]. PMID- 7279516 TI - [Role of staphylococcal bacteremia in the present-day course of meningococcal infection]. PMID- 7279517 TI - [Protracted and chronic course of viral hepatitis in children]. PMID- 7279520 TI - [Dynamics of the erythrokinetics changes in viral hepatitis in children]. PMID- 7279519 TI - [Functional activity of circulating neutrophils in infectious hepatitis in children]. PMID- 7279521 TI - [Absorptive function of the small intestine in salmonellosis in children]. PMID- 7279522 TI - [Clinical aspects of salmonellosis with a fatal outcome in children]. PMID- 7279523 TI - [Etiology of the respiratory syndrome in salmonellosis in children]. PMID- 7279524 TI - [Tetrapolar rheographic method of determining peripheral blood flow in children with acute intestinal infections]. PMID- 7279526 TI - [Intracutaneous Toxoplasma allergen test and the complement fixation test in various types of somatic pathology in children]. PMID- 7279525 TI - [Pneumatosis intestinalis in children with infectious pathology]. PMID- 7279527 TI - [Difficulties and errors in the diagnosis of opisthorchiasis in children]. PMID- 7279529 TI - [Blood rheological properties in acute bronchitis and pneumonia in young infants]. PMID- 7279528 TI - [Role of metabolic disorders in the development of pneumonia in children]. PMID- 7279530 TI - [Multifactorial evaluation of the risk of acute pneumonia occurring in young infants]. PMID- 7279531 TI - [Incubation period of infectious diseases]. PMID- 7279532 TI - [Results of the multiyear observation of patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7279533 TI - [Dynamic description of circulating leukocyte levels postoperatively in chronic pneumonia in children]. PMID- 7279534 TI - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of nontuberculous serous-fibrous pleurisy in children]. PMID- 7279535 TI - [Determination of hydroxyprolinuria for the biochemical assessment of physical development]. PMID- 7279536 TI - [Polarographic activity of the sulfosalicylic filtrate, blood serum sulfhydryl groups and the polarographic index in healthy children]. PMID- 7279537 TI - [Etiological structure of strophulus, urticaria and Quincke's edema in children]. PMID- 7279538 TI - [Prevention of epilepsy and epileptic syndromes in children]. PMID- 7279540 TI - [Differential diagnosis of neonatal jaundice]. PMID- 7279539 TI - [Diagnostic importance of duodenal content indices in inflammatory and functional diseases of the gastroduodenal and biliary system in children]. PMID- 7279541 TI - [Case of melorheostosis in a 6-year-old child]. PMID- 7279542 TI - [Infection syndrome in respiratory mycoplasmosis]. PMID- 7279543 TI - The many illusions of the Muller-Lyer: comparisons of the wings-in and wings-out illusions and manipulations of standard and dot forms. AB - The assumed role of peripheral distortion mechanisms in both wings-in and wings out Muller-Lyer illusions was investigated by requiring subjects to reproduce the central extent of standard Muller-Lyer figures and dot variations. Illusory magnitude of the line and dot variations was also examined with increasing wing length and wing angle. A reduction in the overestimation for the wings-out illusion occurred with the removal of intersecting lines; the dot variations evidenced a significant overestimation effect. In contrast, no reliable decrease in underestimation was found with the removal of intersecting lines in the wings in illusion, and both standard and dot variations were significantly underestimated. These results support a conclusion that the wings-in and wings out Muller-Lyer illusions are two distinct illusions, and may be differentially determined at the loci of distortion within the visual system. Parallel changes in illusory magnitude were noted with configural manipulations of standard and dot wings-out illusions. However, standard and dot forms of the wings-in illusion were not equivalently affected by equivalent configural manipulations, which suggests that they are different illusions. Thus, the use of the wings-in dot variation to separate empirically peripheral from non-peripheral distortion mechanisms may be ill-advised. PMID- 7279544 TI - The Poggendorff illusion: an illusion of linear extent? AB - In the standard version of the Poggendorff figure a transversal intersects two parallel verticals and the segment of the transversal between the two intersection points, A and B, is not shown. The two portions of the transversal outside the parallels then seem to be misaligned. Besides this illusion of direction, there is also an illusion of size, the distance AB being underestimated in the standard figure. The influence of configural components in determining this spatial distortion of the Poggendorff figure was examined by having subjects reproduce the inner oblique (at 45 degrees) extent AB in variations of the figure. This distance was found to be underestimated in Poggendorff variations which contained parallel (vertical) components that formed an acute angle with AB; and the underestimation increased as the number of these components present in the figure increased. The distance AB was found not be significantly distorted in figures which contained only those parallel (vertical) components that formed an obtuse angle with AB, yet their presence in the figure tended to counteract the underestimation. When the transversals were omitted, the underestimation was found to increase. The findings are interpreted in support of an explanation that reduces the Poggendorff effect to those factors which mediate the Muller-Lyer illusion. PMID- 7279545 TI - Are the obtuse angles the key components of the Poggendorff illusion? AB - An experiment is reported which confirms and extends a previous finding that amputations of the Poggendorff figure do not necessarily result in large positive effects with obtuse-angle stimuli, and small or even negative effects with acute angle stimuli. Indeed, the acute-angle effects found were significantly greater than the obtuse-angle effects, and the full Poggendorff error was not explicable in terms of the linear summation of the component-angle effects. An 'alignment displacement effect' reported earlier by Hotopf and Obonai was shown to occur, but could not be an important component of the Poggendorff illusion. PMID- 7279546 TI - Peripheral movement, induced movement, and aftereffects from induced movement. AB - Substantial rotatory induced movement and aftereffects associated with induced movement were observed in a large statis patterned disc bounded at its periphery by a rotating patterned annulus. The area of the annulus was less than one tenth that of the disc, so its peripheral location seemed to be important in eliciting these phenomena. This was confirmed in two experiments comparing a peripheral annulus and a relatively central anulus in their ability to elicit induced movement and aftereffects in the same large static field. Aspects of the vection (induced self-movement) phenomenon may have been involved in generation of induced movement. This suggested that the motion-inducing properties of the peripheral annulus might have derived from: (i) its eccentric location in the perceiver's visual field; or (ii) its location with regard to the display itself. Two further experiments showed that (ii) was important for the elicitation of both induced movement and the aftereffects, and (i) was important for the elicitation of induced movement. Neurons responsive to relative movement in conjunction with lateral inhibition may provide a partial explanation for these effects. However, they do not explain why the visual system can assign considerable movement to a large static field under the conditions of these experiments. PMID- 7279547 TI - Intensity, spatial frequency, and temporal frequency determinants of apparent motion: Korte revisited. AB - The authors have earlier found support for the notion that apparent motion (AM) is mediated by a low-pass temporal-frequency filter operating over the spatial domain of the AM sources. Experiments have been carried out to test how this response is changed, or unchanged, through varying the source intensities or contrasts. The results indicate no intensity or contrast effects on the spatiotemporal limits for AM. These results are related to the early formulations of Korte and indicate that there is no amplitude-modulation or contrast sensitivity function for AM--as there is for threshold movement detection. The filter mechanism seems to be largely restricted to the spatiotemporal domain. PMID- 7279548 TI - Use of foreground and background information in visually guided locomotion. AB - The effects of reducing the range of spatial perception on the accuracy of visually guided locomotion were studied in two experiments. Limiting the range of perception to only near objects produces changes in the flow of stimulus detail and reduces opportunities for the appearance of an aiming point and for motion parallax. Such conditions were found to produce inferior performance compared to full vision, or to minimal background information. A defined aiming point was also found to assist control when no other background was present. The results are discussed with reference to theories of locomotor control and the design of artificial spatial sensing aids for the blind. PMID- 7279549 TI - The determinants of illusory-contour perception. AB - The term 'illusory contours' refers to contours perceived where none physically exist. Three hypotheses that have been successful in their ability to account for this phenomenon invoke: (i) apparent depth; (ii) brightness contrast; and (iii) use of figural cues. An experiment has been designed to determine the extent to which each hypothesis accounts for the overall variation in subjects' responses to illusory contours when all three hypotheses are considered simultaneously. Experimental results suggest that different processes may assume a primary role in the perception of illusory contours depending upon the type of inducing area and the configuration. The results highlight the multifaceted nature of the processes involved, and indicate that no single theory can explain the perception of illusory contours. PMID- 7279550 TI - The effect of the nature of the surround on the perceived lightness of grey bars within square-wave test gratings. AB - The perceived lightness of grey bars within grey-white and grey-black square-wave test gratings was measured in the presence of different surrounding regions (plain black, plain white, or black-white square-wave gratings). The results for the grey-white test gratings are explained in terms of three separate processes: (i) lightness contrast; (ii) lightness assimilation resulting from the limited ability of the visual system to deal with grating contrast at higher spatial frequencies; and (iii) lightness assimilation resulting from lateral inhibition between pattern detecting channels mediating the perception of the gratings in the test regions and the surrounds. The results for the grey-black test gratings were explained without reference to the third process. It is concluded that techniques involving lightness assimilation could provide investigators with a sensitive new method of investigating the specificities of the inhibitory interactions underlying pattern perception. PMID- 7279554 TI - The elemental hues of short-wave and extraspectral lights. PMID- 7279555 TI - The perceptual onset of musical tones. PMID- 7279551 TI - Multiple representations of the same reversible figure: implications for cognitive decisional interpretations. AB - Observations are reported with the side-by-side presentation of rotating Necker cubes and other well-known reversible (ambiguous) figures. The fact that the two representations can be seen in the opposite direction of rotation, or perspective, at the same time is regarded as a serious difficulty for the cognitive or decisional interpretations of the spontaneous alternations in these figures. It is suggested that separate and fatiguable cortical 'channels' are a more likely basis for the dual-presentation effect than multiple decisional or attentional processes. The relationship between this proposal and recent research consistent with the visual system as a multichannel processor is noted. PMID- 7279552 TI - What is the diplopia threshold? PMID- 7279553 TI - Nonlocal determination of brightness in spatially periodic patterns. PMID- 7279556 TI - Segregation of cognitive and motor aspects of visual function using induced motion. PMID- 7279559 TI - A quantitative analysis of sequential effects with numeric stimuli. PMID- 7279558 TI - Two-dimensional filtering, oriented line detectors, and figural aspects as determinants of visual illusions. PMID- 7279557 TI - Hemispheric differences in semantic processing: category matching is not the same as category membership. PMID- 7279560 TI - The rod-and-frame illusion in erect and supine observers. PMID- 7279561 TI - Towards a behavioral theory of bias in signal detection. PMID- 7279562 TI - Effects of target monitoring on understanding fluent speech. PMID- 7279563 TI - The effects of stimulus numerosity, retinal location, and rod contrast on perceived duration of brief visual stimuli. PMID- 7279566 TI - Catastrophe theory and brightness judgments. PMID- 7279564 TI - Perception of acoustic iterance: pitch and infrapitch. PMID- 7279565 TI - Extraretinal signals combine with induced motion: a note. PMID- 7279567 TI - The magical number seven: making a "bit" of "sense". PMID- 7279569 TI - Saccade latency and warning signals: effects of auditory and visual stimulus onset and offset. PMID- 7279568 TI - Evidence against independent processing of black and white pattern features. PMID- 7279570 TI - Spectral cues provided by the pinna for monaural localization in the horizontal plane. PMID- 7279572 TI - Parafoveal information is not sufficient to produce semantic or visual priming. PMID- 7279571 TI - Prior knowledge does not facilitate the perceptual organization of dynamic random dot patterns. PMID- 7279573 TI - Alternative spatial reference systems: intentional vs. incidental learning. PMID- 7279574 TI - Simple and contingent aftereffects of perceived duration in vision and audition. PMID- 7279575 TI - The rotating square illusion. PMID- 7279576 TI - Induced rotation with concentric patterns. PMID- 7279577 TI - Subjective contours independent of subjective brightness. PMID- 7279579 TI - Accuracy and precision of matching inspired lung volume. PMID- 7279578 TI - Brightness interactions between rods and cones. PMID- 7279581 TI - Detection of noisy visual targets: models for the effects of spatial uncertainty and signal-to-noise ratio. PMID- 7279582 TI - Loudness and reaction time: I. PMID- 7279583 TI - Loudness and reaction time: II. Identification of detection components at different intensities and frequencies. PMID- 7279580 TI - The parallel-clock model: replies to critics and criticisms. PMID- 7279584 TI - Variations in apparent spatial frequency with stimulus orientation: I. Incidence of the effect in the general population. PMID- 7279586 TI - Cross-modal bias and perceptual fusion with auditory-visual spatial discordance. PMID- 7279587 TI - Apparent contrast of suprathreshold gratings varies with stimulus orientation. PMID- 7279585 TI - Variations in apparent spatial frequency with stimulus orientation: II. Matching data collected under normal and interferometric viewing conditions. PMID- 7279588 TI - Memory strategies in absolute identification of "circular" pitch. PMID- 7279591 TI - Subjective contours can facilitate performance in a reaction-time task. PMID- 7279589 TI - Finding lung nodules with and without comparative visual scanning. PMID- 7279590 TI - Left hemisphere language lateralization in bilinguals and monolinguals. PMID- 7279593 TI - Allocation of attention: uncertainty effects when monitoring one or two visual gratings of noncontiguous spatial frequencies. PMID- 7279592 TI - Magnitude scales for cold pressor pain. PMID- 7279594 TI - Cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, and selenium concentrations in freshwater fish, 1976-77--National Pesticide Monitoring Program. AB - As part of the National Pesticide Monitoring Program, the Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, collected freshwater fish during 1976- 77 from 98 monitoring stations and analyzed them for residues of cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, and selenium. Range and geometric mean values in mg/kg wet weight follow: Cd, 0.01--1.04, 0.07; Pb, 0.10--4.92, 0.32; Hg, 0.01--0.84, 0.11; As. 0.05--2.92, 0.27; Se, 0.05--2.87, 0.56. An arbitrary 85th percentile was calculated for concentrations of each element in fish to identify monitoring stations having fish with higher-than-normal concentrations: Cd, 0.11 mg/kg; Pb, 0.44; Hg, 0.19: As, 0.38; Se, 0.82. Log-transformed mean concentrations in fish from 1976--77 monitoring stations are compared with means from the same stations in 1972 (Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Se) and 1973 (Se) to depict temporal trends in whole body concentrations: Cd, significant decline; Pb, no significant difference; Hg, significant decline; As, significant increase; Se, no significant difference. Because of changes in laboratories and analytical procedures, these conclusions should be used cautiously as trend information. Production, consumption, and disposal of cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, and selenium are discussed as potential environmental sources of the elements to the aquatic environment. Specific environmental sources are suggested for monitoring stations having trace element levels exceeding calculated 85th percentiles. PMID- 7279595 TI - Pesticide, metal, and other chemical residues in adult total diet samples--(XII)- August 1975-July 1976. AB - This report is on the twelfth in the series on the presence of pesticide and other chemical residues in the average diet of the United States' heartiest eater, the young adult male. Twenty market baskets were collected in 20 U.S. cities that ranged in population from less than 50,000 to 1 million or more. Composites of 12 food classes were analyzed. Averages and ranges of residues found are reported for August 1975 through July 1976, by food class. In addition to the pesticide and chemical residues, data for lead, cadmium, selenium, mercury, arsenic, and zinc are included. The individual items making up the dairy and meat composites in four market baskets were analyzed separately for pesticide residues, and the results are included. Results of recovery studies of pesticides and chemicals within various food classes are also presented. PMID- 7279597 TI - Myocardial capillaries in guinea pigs native to high altitude (Junin, Peru, 4,105 m). AB - Quantitative evaluation of the myocardial left ventricular capillarity was performed in three groups of guinea pigs: a) animals native to high altitude collected in Andean mountains, b) animals born at sea level and subjected to a stimulated high altitude postnatally, c) animals born and kept at sea level. The number of capillaries and muscle fibers/mm(2) as well as the fiber capillary ratio and the diffusion distance were similar in all three experimental groups. The only difference found during the detailed analysis of the myocardial capillarity was a slightly lower percentage of the myocardial tissue in the extreme distance from the capillary found in the hearts of high altitude natives when compared to sea level animals. From these morphometric data the distribution of diffusion distances was derived which can be approximated by lognormal distribution. Capillary inhomogeneity expressed as log standard deviation was found to be similar in all three groups. PMID- 7279598 TI - The effect of whole body heat exposure and of cooling the hypothalamus on antibody titre in the rat. AB - In rats implanted with chronic hypothalamic thermodes and immunized with sheep erythrocytes, body temperature was increased, 4 h per day for 2 weeks, either by exposing the animals to external heat or by cooling the preoptic area. The titre of antibodies against sheep erythrocytes was nearly tripled by preoptic cooling but was drastically decreased by heat exposure. These opposing effects of active and passive increases in body temperature indicate that factors other than the change in body temperature must also have played a significant role in modifying the humoral immune response. PMID- 7279596 TI - Organochlorine pesticide residues in some Indian wild birds. AB - Residues of BHC and DDT were estimated by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the internal body organs, depot fat, and blood plasma of a few species of Indian wild birds, captured in and around the urban area of Lucknow. Total BHC and gamma BHC (lindane) levels were high in breast muscle, liver, heart, and lung tissues of pigeon, crow, and vulture, compared with the respective tissues of chicken, cattle egret, and kite. More lindane and total BHC was found in tissues of vulture compared with other species. The major part of BHC isomers in the brain of birds examined was accounted for by alpha-BHC. Total BHC detected in depot fat of crows was 29.7 ppm; lesser amounts were found in vulture, kite, and cattle egret, respectively. Total DDT levels were comparable in the blood plasma of chicken, pigeon, crow, and cattle egret, although residues generally showed the following order in the tissues examined: chicken less than pigeon less than cattle egret less than crow less than kite less than vulture. High levels of DDT were detected in depot fat of crow, kite, and vulture (50.8, 67.0 and 95.3 ppm, respectively). Avian species thus reflect biological magnification of BHC and DDT residues, presumably due to their food habits. PMID- 7279599 TI - Activation of active Na transport in sheep Purkinje fibres by external K or Rb ions. AB - The intracellular Na activity (aiNa) of sheep Purkinje fibres bathed in solutions with and without K (Rb) is studied by means of Na sensitive microelectrodes. Perfusion with K (Pb) free media increases aiNa. Upon reapplication of K (Pb) containing solutions aiNa decreases and cell membrane hyperpolarizes transiently. After an initial delay attributed to K (Rb) equilibration in the extracellular space, the decline of aiNa and membrane potential towards their respective resting values is approximately monoexponential and displays the same time constant (tau). The tau values and aiNa in the steady state vary with the extracellular K (Rb) concentration ([K]0, [Rb]0). According to a simple model the activation of the Na pump by external K (Rb) can be estimated from the time constants or the aiNa steady state values at various [K]0 ([Rb]0). Half maximal activation occurs at 1.6-3.7 mM K (Rb). External K and Rb ions are equipotent activators of the Na pump in sheep Purkinje fibres. PMID- 7279602 TI - Total body thermosensitivity and its spinal and supraspinal fractions in the conscious goose. AB - 1. Effects of general body cooling on heat production: an intravascular heat exchanger was used to alter total body temperature. Heat production increased with decreasing body temperature at an average rate of -12W/kg x degree C. The rate of rise was independent of air temperature. The threshold body temperature below which heat production rose was lower at higher air temperature. 2. Effects of spinal cord cooling: heat production increased with decreasing spinal temperature at an average rate of -0.3 W/kg x degree C. The rate of rise was not clearly affected by air temperature. The spinal threshold temperature was lower at warm ambient conditions. The results suggest that spinal thermosensitivity in the goose represents only a minor fraction of total body thermosensitivity. 3. Effects of head cooling: heat exchangers closing the carotid arteries were used to alter the temperature of the blood supplied to the head. Cooling increased heat production. When the thermosensitivity of the area, which was affected by heat exchanger, was calculated from the relationship between changes of heat production and brain temperature, values between -0.74 and -1.65 W/kg x degree C were obtained. Measurements of brain, spinal cord and head skin temperatures suggest that the thermosensitive structures which mediated the responses, were predominantly situated in the brain. PMID- 7279600 TI - Active absorption of hypoxanthine by lamb jejunum in vitro. AB - The kinetics of [3H]hypoxanthine entry into lamb mid-jejunum were measured using 2-min mucosal exposures. Mucosal hypoxanthine uptake occurred by a Na+- and energy-dependent saturable mechanism indicating that a carrier-mediated active transport process is involved. Inhibitory measurements indicate that hypoxanthine, adenosine, uracil and thymine complete for a common entry mechanism. Adenine, uric acid, allantoin and thymidine produced no significant inhibition of hypoxanthine entry. In additional experiments hypoxanthine was transported against a high concentration gradient from the mucosal to the serosal side of everted sacs of mid-jejunum. Therefore hypoxanthine appears to be absorbed by active transport from the lamb jejunum. PMID- 7279603 TI - Na+ and K+ concentration of rat parotid saliva. Comparison of carbachol and auriculo-temporal stimulation. AB - The effects of carbachol and auriculo-temporal stimulation on the Na+ and K+ concentrations of rat parotid saliva have been compared. The main duct perfused in situ, does not transport Na+ or K+ and is water impermeable. The Na+ concentration of secretion evoked by either stimulus is flow dependent, increasing with increasing flow rate and plateauing at near plasma Na+ levels. At low flow rate the carbachol evoked secretion has a higher Na+ concentration. This is not due to the release of catecholamines since neither sympathectomy nor adrenoceptors block altered the nature of the secretion. The K+ concentration, whilst flow dependent, decreasing with increasing flow rate, was the same for both stimuli. PMID- 7279601 TI - The effect of hypoxia on mechanical and electrical properties of smooth muscle from the rat portal vein. AB - The effect of hypoxia on the electrical and mechanical activity of rat portal vein smooth muscle were investigated using intracellular microelectrode technique in combination with contraction force measurements. In control conditions the "resting" potential of the muscle cells was -58.0 +/- 0.1 mV (mean +/- S.E.). Bursts of action potentials, 5-10s long, appeared at regular intervals (2-3/min) in association with phasic contractions. In hypoxia (PO2 at about 10 mm Hg) there was a marked decrease in force and, often, a moderate increase in rate of the spontaneous contractions. Electrically, these changes corresponded to a decrease in length and an increase in frequency of the bursts of action potentials. The general level of membrane polarization and individual action potentials were not affected. In prolonged hypoxia there was a tendency towards dissociation of the electrical and mechanical activities. Increasing [K+]0 or reducing [Na+]0 produced a restoration of the hypoxically depressed force development. Qualitatively similar results with respect to the depression of myogenic activity by hypoxia, and its alleviation in decreased [K+]0 and reduced [Na+]0, were obtained in low Ca (1 mM) solutions. The effects of hypoxia, and their variation with [K+]0 and [Na+]0, could be explained on the basis of pH dependent electro mechanical uncoupling. PMID- 7279604 TI - Electromyographic fatigue analysis based on the number of zero crossings. AB - An alternative method for analysis of localized muscle fatigue as performed by Lindstrom et al. (1977) is presented. The method is based on counting of zero crossings of the electromyographic signal. The method is implemented on a microprocessor computer system. The analysis can be done on line and the result is presented as a plot of the normalized action potential velocity versus time. PMID- 7279605 TI - Factors which affect shivering in man during cold water immersion. AB - Six subjects were immersed in cold water (15.15 +/- 0.42 degrees C) and were asked to perform two tasks. Shivering elicited by the cold water immersion was attenuated and/or abolished by the mental arithmetic task and in some instances by a voluntary isometric contraction of forearm muscles. Some reasons for these results are discussed. Key words: Cold water immersion, mental arithmetic forearm isometric contraction, attenuation of shivering. PMID- 7279606 TI - Observations on the staircase phenomenon in guinea pig atrium. AB - The staircase phenomenon, occurring after a change in frequency was studied in isolated trabeculae from guinea pig atrium. The effects on tension, action potential form and function as well as ionic currents were investigated. 1. In the ascending part of the frequency-force relationship a sudden change to a new driving frequency resulted in a staircase response which consisted of two exponential phases (tau 1 = 1-2 s; tau 2 = 20-30 s). 2. The build-up or decline of twitch tension in response to either an increase or reduction of [Ca2+]0 followed a similar composed time course. 3. After a reduction in stimulation frequency the action potentials changed time dependently: In the first response the peak of the overshoot was reached faster and the plateau phase was shortened; afterwards these parameters remained constant while the repolarization phase continually shortened during the following 5-10 action potentials. 4. In voltage clamp experiments an analogous reduction in the frequency of depolarizing voltage clamp pulses induced an immediate increase of the slow inward current (Isi). In the following 10 pulses the increased Isi remained constant, while the late outward current continually increased. 5. The time course of recovery of the Isi system was found to be slow in atrial trabeculae (tau = 300-500 ms at -70 mV). Thus the increase in Isi, observed after a reduction in frequency, could be explained by a more complete recovery of the Isi-system during the interval between two stimuli. 6. the increase in Isi during these recovery experiments was accompanied by an accelerated inactivation. 7. It is concluded that after a reduction in stimulation rate the faster development of the overshoot and the shortening of the plateau phase are due to an augmentation and a faster inactivation of the Isi, respectively. The shortening of the late repolarization phase which developed during successive action potentials is most probably related to the observed increase in late outward current. PMID- 7279610 TI - The assessment and description of amputee activity. AB - The activity achieved by a lower limb amputee is usually assessed by clinical judgement or physiological tests. The former is seldom absolute, being affected by factors such as patient age, and is expressed in categories which may not be equivalent to those used by other observers. Physiological testing provides a measure of the patient's capabilities, but not his activity which may be dependent more on social requirements than physical state. This paper describes a method of questioning the patient using multiple choice answers attracting positive and negative scores, which summate to provide an overall "Activity Score". The procedure takes about 15 minutes and uses the minimum of observer judgement. The technique has been developed over six years and 2400 patients have been investigated. Validation procedures are described, including the use of step counters which show a substantially linear relationship between annual step rate and "Activity Score". PMID- 7279607 TI - Balance in lower limb child amputees. PMID- 7279608 TI - The dynamics of walking using the hip guidance orthosis (hgo) with crutches. AB - The variation of ground reaction forces with time for a complete hgo gait cycle using crutches has been synthesized from video recordings and force platform data. This has led to an understanding of the dynamics of hgo ambulation. The results show that when a patient used the orthosis the crutches provide a subtle control mechanism taking maximum advantage of forward momentum and produce small propulsive forces when needed to make up energy losses. PMID- 7279609 TI - The Knud Jansen lecture. The operative treatment of congenital limb malformation- part II, case study. PMID- 7279611 TI - Myoelectric elbow and hand prosthesis controlled by signals from 2 muscles only, in a 9 year old girl. AB - A nine year old girl with a congenital above-elbow amputation was supplied with a myoelectrically controlled arm prosthesis at the Regional Hospital, Orebro, Sweden, in May 1978. The prosthesis was equipped with an artificial hand as well as an elbow joint. The latter was designed at New York University, for switch control but adapted to myoelectric control in the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology at the Regional Hospital, Orebro. The electric signals from the biceps and triceps muscles were used for the control of hand closing and opening as well as elbow flexion and extension. Two different control methods have been applied and clinically tested. The first is a three-level method in which slight contraction of biceps/triceps gives closing/opening motions of the hand and a higher contraction level in these muscles gives flexion/extension of the elbow. The second is a contraction-rate detection method in which slow contraction of biceps/triceps gives closing/opening of the hand and faster contraction of these muscles gives flexion/extension of the elbow. Both methods have been tested on the patient in a laboratory set-up and in a clinical trial which is still going on. Small electronic control circuits have been designed and placed inside the socket of the prosthesis, which is completely self contained. From the different tests performed, the second control method seems to be the most suitable for the actual patient. She is using her prosthesis every day, continuously improving her controlling ability. PMID- 7279613 TI - Orthopaedic research in amputation surgery, prosthetics and orthotics. PMID- 7279614 TI - [A radiological study of early esophageal carcinoma-with special reference to the superficial flat lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279612 TI - Surgical footwear in rheumatoid arthritis--a patient acceptability study. AB - One hundred patients wih rheumatoid arthritis were questioned about the acceptability of the surgical shoes that they had been prescribed for their foot problems. The approach was made from the records of a surgical supplies manufacturer. While 90 per cent experienced good alleviation of symptoms, 50 per cent had complaints regarding fit, comfort and styling. The implications of changes in the supply of shoes and the staffing of orthotic concerns are discussed, and suggestions are made for the direction of future research. PMID- 7279615 TI - [Evaluation of magnification pelvic angiography for the staging of carcinoma of the cervix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279616 TI - [Histopathological studies on radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal cancer- analysis of undifferentiated epidermoid cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279618 TI - [Parasternal lymphoscintigraphy using the bilateral collimator--a new method for measuring the depth of the lymph node (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279617 TI - [Relationship between prognosis and lymph node metastases in patients with postoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279619 TI - [Estimation of stochastic risk from computed tomographic examinations in Japan. 2. Organ or tissue doses by computed tomographic examinations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279620 TI - [Relationship between physico-chemical form of plutonium and it behavior in tissues and effect on the reticuloendotherial system in mice. III. Characteristics on the behavior of polymeric plutonium after injection of radiotoxic dose in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279622 TI - [The Reitgjerdet case revives classical problems]. PMID- 7279621 TI - [What can we learn from the Reitgjerdet case?]. PMID- 7279623 TI - [Society demands forensic psychiatric services but does not want to pay for it]. PMID- 7279627 TI - [Medical consequences of a nuclear war]. PMID- 7279624 TI - [Otitis externa from the otological and dermatological viewpoint]. PMID- 7279626 TI - [Should research ever be done on children?]. PMID- 7279625 TI - Needs of x-ray services at primary health care level. PMID- 7279629 TI - [Against pain]. PMID- 7279628 TI - [Does the physician have a soul? If so, how does he organize his working day?]. PMID- 7279630 TI - [Treatment of chronic pain. Advantages of a multidisciplinary therapeutic decision unit (author's transl)]. AB - The Chronic Pain center at the Henri Mondor Hospital is a multidisciplinary unit for out-patients created in 1980. Therapeutic indications are laid down by the specialists of the center, but treatments are carried out in the existing hospital departments. The patients are first seen by a neurologist and a psychiatrist, and therapeutic decisions are taken in a whole-staff session. The first 45 patients who attended the centre were complaining of sequelae of herniated disc operation, cancer pain or psychogenic pain, while patients with ordinary "conventional" pain were under-represented. The first results obtained underline the need for initial in-depth assessment of pain through a joint somatic and psychiatric approach. PMID- 7279631 TI - [Congenital mitral stenosis. Surgical "cure" in a 9 month-old infant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279632 TI - [Prognostic histopathological features of malignant melanoma. New statistical approaches (author's transl)]. AB - The records of 203 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma treated at the Centre Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud, from october, 1959 to december, 1978 were reviewed. Histological data from 155 patients were retained after re-examination. The melanomas, which had previously been classified according to Clark's system of histological type and degree of invasiveness, were re-evaluated according to the thickness, were re-evaluated according to the thickness of the tumour as measured by Breslow's ocular micrometric method. Other histological data, as well as clinical and therapeutic data, were gathered together. One hundred and fifty cases were found to be suitable for standard single and multifactorial analysis, and 96 records contained sufficient information to be analyzed by the new "similarly aggregation" method developed by IBM. Two significant results emerged from the study: the thickness of the tumor is the single most important prognostic factor, as it correlates with the incidence of recurrences, metastases and deaths; by using a small number of clinical and histological variables, it seems possible to draw a profile of every new patient, to classify him in a well determined prognostic category and, consequently, to institute a complementary treatment when needed. PMID- 7279634 TI - [A new intracavitary pacemaker electrode. Clinical evaluation (author's transl)]. AB - The Medtronic 6971-6972 electrode for pacemakers constitutes a technical progress, as it is highly flexible, anchors itself well to the ventricular wall and has improved electrical properties. The electrode is introduced into the right ventricle in the usual way, but it is fragile and must be handled with care. The most interesting points are the lack of displacement during the say in hospital (confirmed in 50 cases) and the low rate of reintervention (2 cases), which can be further improved with better control of the material. PMID- 7279633 TI - [Psychic symptoms and personality of 50 patients with Cushing's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - To determine whether patients with hypothalamo-pituitary Cushing's disease (HPC D) can be distinguished on psychological grounds from these presenting with adrenal Cushing's syndrome (AC-S) or with ectopic ACTH syndrome, an in-depth psychological study including full personal, family and socio-professional history and a psychological interview was carried out in 50 patients with endogenous hypercortisolism. The results showed that psychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, are virtually constant in patients with either HPC-D or AC-S. They are, however, more pronounced in patients with HPC-D, and the latter condition is more likely to develop in subjects with either "psychosomatic" or pre-morbid depressive neurotic personality. PMID- 7279635 TI - [Giardiasis with exudative enteropathy in a child]. PMID- 7279636 TI - [Appendicular oxyuriasis: apropos of 368 cases]. PMID- 7279637 TI - [Diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of consumption coagulopathies by the transfer test]. PMID- 7279638 TI - [Thrombopenia following treatment with cimetidine]. PMID- 7279639 TI - [Acute left ventricular failure induced by oral disopyramide. A case of a patient with Friedreich's disease]. PMID- 7279644 TI - [De Quervain's tenosynovitis: a cause of compression of the superficial branch of the radial nerve]. PMID- 7279641 TI - [Treatment of cholestasis by plasmapheresis]. PMID- 7279642 TI - [Cerebral vascular accident during progestational therapy]. PMID- 7279640 TI - [Myoclonic encephalopathy in dialyzed patients. Deterioration after arrest of the poisoning]. PMID- 7279643 TI - [Predictive value of post-infarction angina]. PMID- 7279645 TI - [Squirting cucumber (Ecbalium elaterum), an uncommon cause of Quincke's edema]. PMID- 7279646 TI - [For better treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Value of self monitoring of blood glucose]. PMID- 7279647 TI - [Rapid control of glycaemia with reactive sticks. A comparative study of 5 methods (author's transl)]. AB - Self-monitoring of glycaemia is becoming increasingly popular. The authors have tested two sticks, Dextrostix and Haemoglukotest 20-800, and three colorimeters used in conjunction with the sticks, Dextrometer, Hypocount and Glucochek, in a range of blood glucose levels comprised between 0.45 and 2.20 g/l. These methods are reliable but not as accurate as laboratory measurements. However, provided they are not used alone, sticks are accurate enough for the control of glycaemia in diabetic patients. Haemoglukotest 20-800 appears to be the simplest and most precise method. Colorimeters seem to be useful but not indispensable, at least for trained users. PMID- 7279648 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of the foetal alcoholism syndrome. 45 cases (author's transl)]. AB - During a prospective study conducted in Roubaix, 45 neonates presenting with the craniofacial malformation characteristic of the foetal alcohol syndrome were identified over a 3-year period. Twelve had signs of severe alcoholic embryo foetopathy. This condition, which affects one in 700 neonates, occurs in multiparous women (mean age, 33 years) of low socio-economic status suffering from long standing, complicated alcoholism. Although the mean ethanol blood level may be as high as 1.82 g/l, this substance does not seem to be the only teratogenic agent. PMID- 7279650 TI - [Major undernutrition after total gastrectomy. Critical analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms. One case (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a 66-year-old man who presented with major undernutrition 3 1/2 years after total gastrectomy for gastric lymphosarcoma. This case shows that severe post-gastrectomy undernutrition can still be seen nowadays. It also provides an opportunity to discuss the complex pathophysiology of major deficiency syndromes and underlines the predominant role of inadequate food intake in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. PMID- 7279649 TI - [Increase in gentamicin- and tobramycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospital patients (author's transl)]. AB - The increase, during a 5-year period (1975-79), in staphylococcal infections resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin has been evaluated in various units of a large Parisian hospital. Out of 3,788 infections, 539 were due to staphylococci that were resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin and kanamycin (GKTo phenotype). All isolates were methicillin-resistant strains, and 53% belonged to serotype 18. Depending upon individual hospital units two patterns of resistance were observed: a progressive one extending to 1979, with an annual average of 9% resistant strains, and a rapid one, which culminated in 1978 with 34% resistant strains. PMID- 7279651 TI - [Distal complications of therapeutic arteriovenous fistulae (author's transl)]. AB - Having observed 4 personal cases, the authors review the distal complications of therapeutic arteriovenous fistulaes. Ischaemic complications are of arterial origin and may be severe: strong pain increasing during dialysis, soft tissue trophic disorders and ulcerations, and functional sequelae. Venous stasis disappear without permanent damage. The carpal tunnel syndrome is of uncertain and probably mixed aetiology and can easily be cured by surgical decompression. The use of small calibre, termino-terminal or latero-terminal distal anastomoses should help to prevent these complications. PMID- 7279654 TI - [Periodic paralysis and hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 7279652 TI - [Coarctation of the thoracic aorta with extensive segmental hypoplasia. A new surgical approach (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a new surgical technique used for the repair of coarctations of the aorta with extensive segmental hypoplasia. The technique is divided into four stages: enlargement of part of the hypoplastic segment by arterioplasty, using a flap from the subclavian artery; the extent of possible enlargement is governed by the length of subclavian artery available; resection of the residual hypoplasia and of the coarctation area proper; end-to-end anastomosis of the two aortic segments; revascularization of the arm by direct implantation of the subclavian artery into the left common carotid artery. PMID- 7279653 TI - [Candidiasis and gastric ulcer after cimetidine therapy]. PMID- 7279655 TI - [Renal insufficiency with severe anemia. Significance of parathyroidectomy]. PMID- 7279656 TI - [Physiological values and sex variations of alkaline phosphatases during puberty]. PMID- 7279658 TI - Sequence specific cleavage of DNA by micrococcal nuclease. AB - Micrococcal nuclease is shown to cleave DNA under conditions of partial digestion in a specific manner. Sequences of the type 5'CATA and 5'CTA are attacked preferentially, followed by exonucleolytic degradation at the newly generated DNA termini. GC-rich flanking sequences further increase the probability of initial attack. Unexpectedly, long stretches containing only A and T are spared by the nuclease. These results, which were obtained with spared by the nuclease. These results, which were obtained with mouse satellite DNA and two fragments from the plasmid pBR22, do not support the previous contention that it is the regions of high At-content which are initially cleaved by micrococcal nuclease. This specificity of micrococcal nuclease complicates its use in experiments intended to monitor the nucleoprotein structure of a DNA sequence in chromatin. PMID- 7279657 TI - Uracil DNa-glycosylase from HeLa cells: general properties, substrate specificity and effect of uracil analogs. AB - Uracil-DNA glycosylase was partially purified from HeLa cells. Various substrates containing [3H]dUMP residues were prepared by nick-translation of calf thymus DNA. The standard substrate was double-stranded DNA with [3H]dUMP located internally in the chain. Compared to the release of uracil from this substrate, a 3-fold increase in the rate was seen with single-stranded DNA, and a 20-fold reduction in the rate was observed when the [3H]dUMP-residue was located at the 3'end. The rate of [3H]uracil release decreased progressively when one, two or three of the dNMP residues were replaced by the corresponding rNMP; in the extreme case when the substrate contained [3H]dUMP in addition to rCMP, rGMP, and rAMP, the rate of [3H]uracil release was less than 3% of that of the control. The enzyme was inhibited to the same extent by uracil and the uracil analogs 6 aminouracil and 5-azauracil, but very weakly, or not at all, by 5 other analogs. Our results suggest strongly that uracil-DNA glycosylase has a high degree of selectivity for uracil in dUMP residues located internally in DNA chains and that the recognition of the correct substrate also depends on the residues flanking dUMP being deoxyribonucleotides. PMID- 7279659 TI - Construction of bacterial plasmids containing sequences complementary to chicken alpha-tropomyosin mRNA. AB - Recombinant plasmids have been constructed with contain sequences complementary to the mRNA coding for skeletal muscle alpha-tropomyosin. These recombinants were detected initially using a selective cDNA probe and subsequently using a messenger RNA selection assay. alpha-TM plasmids hybridize to a singly mRNA species smaller than 18S ribosomal RNA and found only in skeletal muscle. Cross hybridization with mRNA's coding for other tropomyosins could not be detected under normal conditions. However, under conditions of reduced stringency alpha- TM plasmids cross-hydridize with an RNA species in heart muscle which may code for cardiac tropomyosin. PMID- 7279660 TI - Chrysanthemum stunt viroid: primary sequence and secondary structure. AB - The sequence of the 356 nucleotide residues of chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSV) has been determined. Overlapping linear viroid fragments were obtained by partial ribonuclease digestion, radiolabelled in vitro at their 5'-ends, and sequenced using partial enzymic cleavage methods. Of the CSV sequence, 69% is contained in the published sequence of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV). Differences in the primary sequence of CSV and PSTV suggest that neither the positive nor putative negative strands of these two viroids code for functional polypeptide products. However, the two viroids can form similar secondary structures, implicating a role for viroid structure in replication. PMID- 7279661 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast 5S ribosomal RNA from spinach. AB - Spinacia oleracia cholorplast 5S ribosomal RNA was end-labeled with [32P] and the complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The sequence is: pUAUUCUGGUGUCCUAGGCGUAGAGGAACCACACCAAUCCAUCCCGAACUUGGUGGUUAAACUCUACUGCGGUGACGAU ACUGUAGGGGAGGUCCUGCGGAAAAAUAGCUCGACGCCAGGAUGOH. This sequence can be fitted to the secondary structural model proposed for prokaryotic 5S ribosomal RNAs by Fox and Woese (1). However, the lengths of several single- and double-stranded regions differ from those common to prokaryotes. The spinach chloroplast 5S ribosomal RNA is homologous to the 5S ribosomal RNA of Lemna chloroplasts with the exception that the spinach RNA is longer by one nucleotide at the 3' end and has a purine base substitution at position 119. The sequence of spinach chloroplast 5S RNA is identical to the chloroplast 5S ribosomal RNA gene of tobacco. Thus the structures of the chloroplast 5S ribosomal RNAs from some of the higher plants appear to be almost totally conserved. This does not appear to be the case for the higher plant cytoplasmic 5S ribosomal RNAs. PMID- 7279662 TI - Solution structural studies of the Ag(I)-DNA complex. AB - We report equilibrium dialysis and electric dichroism studies of the two strong complexes (I and II) of silver ion with DNA. Cooperative conversion of DNA to the stronger type I complex results in a 9% length decrease, and a structure in which intercalated ethidium is perpendicular to the helix axis. Upon addition of more Ag+ to form the type II complex, the DNA length reverts to its original value and bound ethidium once again becomes tilted from the plane perpendicular to the helix axis. In both type I and type II Ag (I) - DNA complexes, ethidium binding is mildly cooperative. We interpret the results in terms of a sequence of silver induced cooperative switches of DNA from its B-form structure with propeller twisted base pairs to a structure with flat base pairs in the type I complex, and back again to propellered base pairs in the type II complex. PMID- 7279664 TI - Inhibitory effects of 3'deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate and 3'-deoxyuridine 5' triphosphate on DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I and II purified from Dictyostelium discoideum cells. AB - 3'-Deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate and 3'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate were synthesized starting from cordycepin in good yield. The inhibitory effects of these nucleotides were examined in comparison with that of cordycepin 5' triphosphate (3'-dATP) using purified DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I and II from Dictyostelium discoideum cells. Both nucleotide analogues strongly and competitively inhibited the incorporations of CTP and UTP into RNA by the RNA polymerases. The Km and Ki values for CTP and 3'-dCTP were 6.3 micro M and 3.0 micro M, respectively, and those for UTP and 3'-dUTP were 6.3 micro M and 2.0 micro M, respectively. These two analogues will be useful in studies at the molecular level on the relationship of template and substrate in RNA synthesis with chromatin, isolated nuclei or permeable cells, because they do not have any effect on poly (rA) synthesis. PMID- 7279663 TI - A system in mouse liver for the repair of O6-methylguanine lesions in methylated DNA. AB - An activity from mouse liver with catalyzes the disappearance of O6-methylguanine from DNA methylated with methylnitrosourea has been partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and DNA-cellulose chromatography. The activity does not require divalent metal ions and is not affected by EDTA. It is specific for the repair of O6-methylguanine lesions and does not affect the removal of 7 methylguanine, 7-methyladenine or 3-methyladenine. The disappearance of O6 methylguanine is linear with respect to the concentration of protein and is dependent on incubation temperature. The kinetics and substrate dependence experiments suggest that the protein factor is product-inactivated. Amino acid analysis of hydrolysates of protein obtained after incubation of methylated DNA with the protein factor indicates the presence of radiolabeled S-methyl-L cysteine, suggesting that during the repair of O6-methylguanine from methylated DNA, the methyl group is transferred to a sulfhydryl of a cysteine residue of a protein. This represents the first such demonstration in a mammalian system. PMID- 7279665 TI - Nucleotide sequences of Acanthamoeba castellanii 5S and 5.8S ribosomal ribonucleic acids: phylogenetic and comparative structural analyses. AB - Sequences of 5S and 5.8S rRNAs of the amoeboid protist Acanthamoeba castellanii have been determined by gel sequencing of terminally-labeled RNAs which were partially degraded with chemical reagents or ribonucleases. The sequence of the 5S rRNA is (formula, see text). This sequence is compared to eukaryotic 5S rRNA sequences previously published and fitted to a secondary structure model which incorporates features of several previously proposed models. All reported eukaryotic 5S rRNAs fit this model. The sequence of the 5.8S rRNA is (formula, see text). This sequence does not fit parts of existing secondary structure models for 5.8S rRNA, and we question the significance of such models. PMID- 7279666 TI - Effect of thyrotropin on 32P-labelled histones H1 and H3 in specific populations of nucleosomes in the thyroid. AB - Thyrotropin (TSH) increases the labeling of histones of H1 and H3 in thyroid slices incubated with 32Pi. We have prepared nuclei from control and TSH-treated thyroid slices, digested them with micrococcal nuclease, and extracted specific populations of nucleosomes by salt fractionation. Mononucleosomes, derived from the most nuclease-sensitive regions of chromatin, appeared to be selectively enriched in 32P-labeled H1 and H3. However, we were able to detect TSH enhancement of H1 and H3 labeling only in nucleosome multimers derived from less nuclease-sensitive chromatin. Recent studies have indicated that transcriptionally competent regions of chromatin may be more susceptible to micrococcal nuclease digestion than inactive regions. Our results therefore suggest that H1 and H3 may be actively phosphorylated in transcriptionally competent chromatin; however, they suggest either that hormone-dependent phosphorylation of H1 and/or H3 does not confer transcriptional competence, or that not all transcriptionally competent chromatin is nuclease sensitive. PMID- 7279667 TI - Replication of the extrachromosomal ribosomal RNA genes of Tetrahymena thermophilia. AB - Cultures of Tetrahymena thermophila were deprived of nutrients and later refed with enriched medium to obtain partial synchrony of DNA replication. Preferential replication of the extrachromosomal, macronuclear ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) was found to occur at 40-80 min after refeeding. The rDNA accounted for one half of the label incorporated into cellular DNA during this period. Electron microscopy of the purified rDNA showed 1% replicative intermediates. Their structure was that expected for bidirectional replication of the linear rDNA from an origin or origins located in the central nontranscribed region of the palindromic molecule. Similar forms had previously been observed for the rDNA of a related species, Tetrahymena pyriformis. The electron microscopic data was consistent with an origin of replication located approximatley 600 base pairs from the center of the rDNA of T. thermophila, in contrast to a more central location in the rDNA of T. pyriformis. One implication of an off-center origin of replication is that there are two such sequences per palindromic molecule. PMID- 7279668 TI - Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction study of complexes of histones H3 and H4 in the condensed state. AB - Infrared spectroscopy, deuterium exchange kinetics and X-ray diffraction experiments on H3-H4 complexes in the condensed state are described. Both salt- and acid-extracted material are shown to contain alpha-helix in an amount comparable to that found under dilute solution conditions. Support for an anisotropic model of these complexes is provided. PMID- 7279669 TI - Oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis of the human beta-globin gene: a general method for producing specific point mutations in cloned DNA. AB - A nonadecanucleotide has been used both as a site specific mutagen to introduce a T leads to A transversion mutation in the human beta-globin gene cloned in pBR322 as well as a probe to screen transformed colonies for the desired mutant. The specificity of the oligonucleotide as a mutagen and as a hybridization probe provide a general method for producing site specific mutations in DNA cloned in plasmid vectors such as pBR322. PMID- 7279670 TI - Protection of discrete DNA fragments by the complex H1-octamerhistones or H5 octamerhistones after micrococcal nuclease digestion. AB - Several authors, including ourselves, have reported the existence of chromatosomes with DNA size larger than 166 bp in bird erythrocyte chromatin. It was tempting to correlate this increased DNA size with the presence of histone H5. In order to substantiate this hypothesis, we performed a micrococcal nuclease digestion kinetic on: chicken erythrocyte chromatin, either native, selectively depleted from H1, or from H1 and H5; and rat liver chromatin, either native or partially H1 depleted. The comparative analysis of the lengths of DNA in the chromatosome size region led to the following conclusions: - denaturing gels clearly reveal a first discrete pause at 178 nucleotides in H1 depleted chicken erythrocyte chromatin as well as in partially H1-depleted rat liver chromatin, before the material accumulates at the next intermediate 166 nucleotide chromatosome pause. - the generation of all discrete chromatosome bands is critically dependent on low ionic strength conditions and low Ca++ concentrations during the digestion, suggesting it may result from the protection of DNA cleavage sites by histone H5 or H1, C or N terminal domains. PMID- 7279672 TI - The molecular electrostatic potential, steric accessibility and hydration of Dickerson's B-DNA dodecamer d(CpGpCpGpApApTpTpCpGpCpG). AB - The paper presents the results of computation of the electrostatic potential and steric accessibility of the B-DNA self-complementary dodecamer CGCGAATTCGCG following the geometry of the recent single crystal structure of Dickerson et al. This structure shows significant variations from classical B-DNA; their influences on the calculated properties are discussed. The results are related to general features of hydration of the crystal. A particularly significant general finding concerns the greater negative potential in the center of the oligonucleotide helix than at its extremities. This will be a general feature of such short helices, independent of their base sequence. It may have important implications for the reactivity of DNA oligomers. PMID- 7279673 TI - Nonhistone chromatin proteins HMG-14 and HMG-17 bind preferentially to single stranded DNA. AB - Proteins extracted from chicken erythrocyte chromatin with 0.35 M NaCl were subjected to sequential chromatography on columns containing immobilized double stranded and single-stranded DNA's. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of protein fractions revealed that HMG-14 and HMG-17 are among the proteins that are retained by the single-stranded DNA column in 0.2 M NaCl/l mM Tris-Cl (pH 7.5) after having failed to be retained by the double-stranded column under the same conditions. That suggests that those two proteins possess preferential affinity for single-stranded DNA. Further evidence for that was provided by chromatography of purified HMG-14 and of purified HMG-17 on single-stranded and double-stranded DNA columns. We discuss the possible relevance of our results to suggested functions of HMG-14 and HMG-17. PMID- 7279671 TI - Two distinct intervening sequences in different ribosomal DNA repeat units of Sciara coprophila. AB - We have prepared a partial gene library of sheared DNA from the fungus fly, Sciara coprophila, by dA-T tailing and insertion into pBR322. Two ribosomal DNA clones which differ from the usual ribosomal DNA organization in this organism were studied in detail. Clone pBc 1L-1 has an intervening sequence of 1.4 kb, and clone pBc 6D-6 has an intervening sequence of 0.9 kb. These intervening sequences occur in about the same position in 28S rDNA, but do not appear to share sequence homology with one another. Previously we found that 90% of Sciara ribosomal DNA is homogenous and lacks an intervening sequence, and our present data explains the size heterogeneity found in most of the remaining 10%. We have found no evidence of size heterogeneity in the nontranscribed spacer. PMID- 7279674 TI - Characterization of radiation damage to DNA by reaction with borohydride. AB - Irradiation of aqueous solutions of native calf thymus DNA with x-rays produced functional groups that reacted with sodium borohydride. The DNA was labeled with tritium from NaB3H4 to the extent of 2.0 x 10(-10) atom/dalton/rad. The presence of cysteamine or other radical scavengers, or saturation of the solution with nitrogen during irradiation decreased the labeling. After mild acid hydrolysis, the major tritium-containing moiety was identical with 2,3-dihydroxy-2 methylpropanoic acid in all chromatographic systems tested. The suggested mechanism of labeling involved reduction by borohydride of the potential aldehyde at carbon 6 of thymine glycol residues present in the irradiated DNA. PMID- 7279675 TI - Cell-cycle-dependent dissociation of histone H1 from chromatin in nuclei of P. polycephalum. AB - The dissociation curves of histone H1 from chromatin in interphase and metaphase nuclei from Physarum polycephalum have been determined using CaCl2 as dissociating agent. H1 is less strongly bound to metaphase chromosomes than to interphase chromatin. However, no differences could be detected in the binding of Hl to early S, late S or G2 phase chromatin. The number of CaCl2 molecules involved in binding one H1 molecule to chromatin was reduced from 5 in interphase to 4 in metaphase. The non-electrostatic contribution to the free-energy of binding was small in both cases. A comparison of the binding properties of H1 to sheared chromatin, native chromatin and metaphase chromosomes suggests that the electrostatic binding functions of H1 are completely satisfied within the nucleosome and that further electrostatic interactions are not involved in folding the nucleosomal fibre into the 300 A "solenoid" or the more tightly folded metaphase chromosome. PMID- 7279676 TI - [Renal radioisotope clearance in an unselected group of diabetics - a tool for the early recognition of diabetic nephropathy? (author's transl)]. AB - Our study in unselected patients with diabetes was undertaken to determine the relation between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) according to the patient's age. The diagnostic work-up was done with patients in unselected disease states because a classification of all systemic manifestations of the diabetes was not possible. The lack of selection may therefore reduce the value of our statistical results. From age 55 onwards, there was a reduction in GFR and, to a lesser extent, in RPF exceeding that which was age-dependent. It is, therefore, recommended to check the clearance in all patients with diabetes older than 55 years. The clearance with radioisotopically labeled substances, being a very sensitive method for the evaluation of restricted renal function, may permit an early recognition of diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 7279677 TI - Effect of serum unbound iron-binding capacity on the tissue distribution of 67Ga in abscess-bearing rabbits. AB - The effect of serum unbound iron-binding capacity (UIBC) on the blood clearance and tissue distribution in abscess bearing rabbits was studied. In rabbits with low serum UIBC (95 +/- 28 microgram/dl), the blood clearance of 67Ga was much faster than that of rabbits with high serum UIBC (306 +/- 27 microgram/dl). The 67Ga uptake by the liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, bone marrow or abscess 24 hrs after injection was also much lower in rabbits with low serum UIBC. In contrast, the 67Ga deposition in bone was much higher in rabbits with low serum UIBC. Since the amounts of 67Ga in muscle and blood were disproportionally lower than that in the abscess, the abscess-to-muscle or abscess-to-blood ratio was much higher in rabbits with low serum UIBC than that of rabbits with high serum UIBC. PMID- 7279678 TI - [Determination of the concentration of thyroid hormones in dialysate and assessment of the loss of thyroid hormone during hemodialysis (author's transl)]. AB - In order to determine the hormone concentration in a dialysate, the commercially available radioimmunoassay test of Dow-Lepetit for determination of free thyroid hormones in serum had to be modified. The results raised the suspicion that additional protein-bound hormone had passed the membrane. This could be demonstrated by the addition of Thiomersal. In 64 patients examined 1 and 5 hrs after the beginning of hemodialysis the mean total hormone concentration in the dialysate was 12.05 pg/ml for thyroxine and 5.47 pg/ml for triiodothyronine. The resulting loss of total hormone in hemodialysis patients, calculated for 1 week, amounted to 2.25 microgram triiodothyronine and 4.87 microgram thyroxine. The comparison with the physiologic renal elimination of thyroid hormone shows that the hormone elimination in hemodialysis patients is negligibly small. The quantitative determination of the protein concentration in the dialysate gave 384 ng/ml and was close to the limit of sensitivity of the method and consequently uncertain. It can be said, however, that the loss of protein is without clinical relevance. PMID- 7279679 TI - [Assessment of the loss of thyroid hormone during hemodialysis by administration of a hormone tracer in an in vitro experiment (author's transl)]. AB - Several investigators have examined thyroid function in hemodialysis patients. Similar results were obtained: reduced total triiodothyronine and subnormal thyroxine values in serum. This raised the question whether a deficiency in hormones during hemodialysis could be responsible for these findings. The present studies were ade in an attempt to prove or disprove this assumption by determining hormone loss. The loss of thyroxine during hemodialysis was 1.1 microgram. This order of magnitude excludes a hormone deficit caused by dialysis. The assumption that an increased loss of hormone during hemodialysis is the cause of pathologic changes in the serum as compared with the period before dialysis can be considered as disproved. PMID- 7279680 TI - [Assessment of haemodynamic parameters using a scintillation camera and ECG triggered data acquisition (author's transl)]. AB - Useful ECG-gated scintigrams of the heart can only be obtained when using a suitable tracer (99mTc-HSA or labeled red cells), a good camera and a computer system with special hard and software. The haemodynamic parameters of left (and right) heart function as derived from scintigrams are only precise when the representative cycle was reconstructed correctly. In patients with arrhythmia, counts should be only summed up when the cardiac cycle follows a preceding heart beat of well defined length. The frames composing the representative cycle must be normalized to the same recording time. When these prerequisites are fulfilled, correct values for ejection fraction and maximal rates of systolic emptying and diastolic filling as global parameters of heart function can be derived. Evaluation of these parameters by means of a completely automated computer program is difficult in pathologically altered heart function. In our nuclear medicine department an interactive computer program has been developed which supplies the investigator with certain information facilitating the definition of the end-diastolic and end-systolic ROI. The program allows for an exact and reproducible evaluation within a short time. Functional images of both amplitudes and phases are very helpful. Functional scintigraphy of the heart is only possible when using certain instrumentation, which is much more expensive than when using a 'cardiac probe', but the additional visual information obtained does significantly improve diagnostic sensitivity. PMID- 7279681 TI - [Assessment of regional motility by radiological methods (author's transl)]. AB - The present stage of development of angiocardiographic techniques including quantitative videodensitometry, videometry and computerized "digital" X-ray image processing procedures with microprocessor controlled X-ray equipment is discussed. With these techniques a digital videoangiocardiogram can be considered as a matrix of pixel densograms comparable to images obtained from the heart and circulation in nuclear medicine. Using a new technique of contrast enhancement during the capillary phase of the coronary circulation and background subtraction the external ventricular wall as well as the wall thickness can be measured and followed. The importance of the reference system for contraction pattern analysis and interpretation is stressed. In particular with a fixed "external" reference system, the motion or displacement of ventricular contours, the changes of density or "activity" rates at given pixels or areas should not be automatically considered as expressions of normo-, hypo- or akinesis. Motion is not identical with contraction at the site of contour displacement. An internal reference system--adapted to the individual geometry and function of the heart cavity under study--is recommended. PMID- 7279683 TI - [ECG-gated blood pool scintigraphy: a new real-time method of data acquisition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279682 TI - [Gated blood pool studies with a single probe--clinical validity (author's transl)]. AB - The global volume alterations of the heart can be estimated non-invasively by means of the "radiocardiographic function analysis" developed by Hoffmann and Kleine. Since the failing heart with its functional disturbances demonstrates a pathological volume behavior under physical exercise, it is possible to use these characteristic to differentiate between the intact heart and the failing heart by registration of the global volume alterations. The "gated blood pool technique" combined with the registration of the intraventricular pressure pulse by means of a Swan-Ganz flow-directed catheter enables demonstration of ventricular stroke work as a pressure-volume loop (work diagram). Its shape indicates whether the ventricle has to perform mainly pressure work or volume work. Myocardial failure is altering the basic conditions of the heart. The work diagram of the failing heart is significantly different from that of the intact human heart. It is shifted in its pressure-volume coordinates according to an increase of EDV and ESV and the rise of the filling pressure. Case demonstrations reveal the global volume behaviour of the heart under varying conditions: resting and physical exercise, drug influence on the intact and failing heart. PMID- 7279684 TI - [Functional scintigraphy of pulmonary ventilation with 133Xe in juvenile scoliosis (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty children with severe scoliosis underwent spirometry, chest X-ray and 133Xe ventilation studies before surgical correction by the Harrington operation. By means of functional scintigraphy the relative distribution of the functional residual capacity (FRC) and the wash-out curves (3-min-retention without background correction, mean time constant, effectivity index after background correction) were analysed quantitatively. The chest X-ray and the single-breath phase of the ventilation study remained mostly unchanged, whereas the shifting of the FRC distribution towards the lung of the concave side indicated in all cases a regional ventilation restriction of the convex side. In addition the analysis of the wash-out curves showed a regional impairment of the alveolar ventilation of the convex side which exceeded the shifting of FRC distribution. Even in the cases with normal spirometric values all scintigraphic parameters were slightly pathological, probably due to the decreased lung function caused by the scoliosis. The effectivity index taking into account the respiration frequency, the tidal volume, the FRC and the dead space, was found to be the most accurate and sensitive parameter for the evaluation of regional ventilation impairment. PMID- 7279685 TI - The effects of propylthiouracil and other drugs on the uptake of 75Se selenomethionine by the pancreas. AB - The influence of pre-treatment with a variety of agents on the uptake of 75Se selenomethionine by the rat pancreas has been studied. The agents ranged from thyroid hormones to protein synthesis inhibitors but out of 16 tested, only propylthiouracyl (50 mg/kg i.p. administered for 3 days prior to 75Se-methionine injection) resulted in a significant increase in the pancreatic uptake (17%) and in the pancreas liver concentration ratio (25%). Seven of the agents resulted in significant reductions in the pancreas/liver concentration ratios. No significant effects were produced by the addition of carrier methionine or selenomethionine (in the range 10-250 micrograms/kg body weight) to the injected radiopharmaceutical. It was concluded that many factors may influence the uptake, but that the interrelationship of hypothalamus, pituitary and pancreas is of particular interest. PMID- 7279686 TI - Reliability and usefulness of the fitting of a modified gamma function to time activity curves by means of a non-linear iterative least-square method. PMID- 7279688 TI - [Principles of calculation of survival time in malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 7279687 TI - [Early bronchial cancer]. PMID- 7279689 TI - [Comparison of 5-year survival of patients with malignant neoplasms among urban population in Cracow and the rural population of the Nowy Slacz region]. PMID- 7279690 TI - [Dietary factors and laxatives in the epidemiology of stomach cancer]. PMID- 7279691 TI - [Changes in malignant neoplasm mortality in Poland during the years 1959-1978]. PMID- 7279692 TI - [Remote results of treatment of follicular thyroid cancer]. PMID- 7279693 TI - [Remote results of treatment of papillary cancer of the thyroid]. PMID- 7279694 TI - [Blood volume and concentration and level of plasma proteins in surgically treated rectal cancer]. PMID- 7279695 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the large intestine]. PMID- 7279696 TI - [Characteristics of the program for radiation dose calculation in the area of irregular entry fields of cobalt radiation beams]. PMID- 7279697 TI - Pancreatic oncofoetal antigen (POA): its frequency and localisation in humans. AB - Pancreatic oncofoetal antigen (POA) has been isolated by affinity chromatography and used to standardise an immunoassay. POA was detected in foetal serum and in 97% of sera from 75 patients with carcinoma of the pancreas. Raised levels were also found in 16% of sera from 43 patients with chronic pancreatitis and in 3 of 156 patients with related conditions. Using an immunoperoxidase method, POA was regularly found in the foetal pancreas and in adult carcinoma of the pancreas. Weak staining was found in the foetal pancreas and in adult carcinoma of the pancreas. Weak staining was found in one carcinoma of the colon. Antisera from two other groups (Gelder and Moossa; Arndt and Thiele) react with the same antigenic moiety as does our anti-POA. PMID- 7279699 TI - Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations in the management of metastatic breast cancer. AB - Serum CEA levels were determined in 2095 patients following mastectomy for breast cancer by means of a double antibody 125 I-CEA-radioimmunoassay. 91% of 1462 patients free of metastases had normal levels less than or equal to 3 ng/ml (98% less than or equal to 5 ng/ml). In contrast, 54% of 633 patients with overt metastases had raised values greater than 3 ng/ml (43% greater than 5 ng/ml). The incidence of pathological levels was dependent on tumour burden and metastatic location rising from solitary lymph node disease (6% greater than 5 ng/ml) to skin, lung, bone, liver and multiple organ involvement (60%). CEA levels correlated weakly with total alkaline phosphatase and gamma-GT activities, but not with ESR or bilirubin levels. Of 531 patients followed after surgery and who had 3-18 serial determinations in 3-51 months, 46% without metastases had normal CEA levels as did 41% of 285 patients with metastases. Of the remaining 168 patients with elevated CEA levels, most showed a correlation between rising levels and disease progression, decreasing levels with remission and persistence of fluctuating levels with stationary disease. The CEA test is recommended as a valuable adjunct to monitor the clinical response to chemo/hormo/radiotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 7279698 TI - Use of limitations of radiolabeled anti-CEA antibodies and their fragments for photoscanning detection of human colorectal carcinomas. AB - Fifty-three patients with histologically proven carcinoma were injected with highly purified [131I]-labeled goat antibodies or fragments of antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Each patient was tested by external photoscanning 4, 24, 36 and 48 h after injection. In 22 patients (16 of 38 injected with intact antibodies, 5 of 13 with F(ab')2 fragments and 1 of 2 with Fab' fragments), an increased concentration of 131I radioactivity corresponding to the previously known tumor location was detected by photoscanning 36-48 h after injection. Blood pool and secreted radioactivity was determined in all patients by injecting 15 min before scanning, [99mTc]-labeled normal serum albumin and free 99mTc04-. The computerized subtraction of 99mTc from 131I radioactivity enhanced the definition of tumor localization in the 22 positive patients. However, in spite of the computerized subtraction, interpretation of the scans remained doubtful for 12 patients and was entirely negative for 19 additional patients. In order to provide a more objective evaluation for the specificity of the tumor localization of antibodies, 14 patients scheduled for tumor resection were injected simultaneously with [131I]-labeled antibodies or fragments and with [125I] labeled normal goat IgG or fragments. After surgery, the radioactivity of the two isotopes present either in tumor or adjacent normal tissues was measured in a dual channel scintillation counter. The results showed that the antibodies or their fragments were 2-4 times more concentrated in the tumor than in the normal tissues. In addition, it was shown that the injected antibodies formed immune complexes with circulating CEA and that the amount of immune complexes detectable in serum was roughly proportional to the level of circulating CEA. PMID- 7279700 TI - Physicochemical characteristics of carcinoembryonic antigen extracted from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and calcitonin (CT) were extracted from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) tissues, fractionated on Sephacryl S-200 and chromatographed on Concanavalin A. CEA purified from MCT is closely related to CEA extracted from colonic tumors. It has an equivalent molecular weight, is a glycoprotein and has a similar electrophoretic mobility in both SDS and basic polyacrylamide electrophoresis. A certain degree of heterogeneity is present in the form of a smaller molecular weight component. Large molecular forms of CT which are present in MCT tissues and which co-elute with the minor component of CEA on Sephacryl chromatography can be separated by Concanavalin A chromatography. PMID- 7279701 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurements as an aid to management of patients with lung cancer treated by radiotherapy. AB - Serial CEA measurements performed in 102 lung cancer patients during and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy correlated well with the course of disease. CEA levels above 10 ng CEA/ml prior to radiotherapy signaled metastatic spread even when this was not evident from clinical staging of the patient (TNM). This finding contributed to the early adoption of radiotherapy in favor of palliative treatment. Alterations of the CEA concentration during therapy could be used for monitoring the efficiency of treatment. Increasing CEA levels always signaled disease progression, decreasing CEA levels were found to be associated with improvement. In the posttreatment follow-up, increasing CEA levels were always reliable predictors of recurrent disease. Slope analysis of the posttreatment CEA time courses discriminated bone and/or liver metastases with a slope greater than 0.5 ng/ml/10 days from local recurrences, lymph node, lung and brain metastases with slope values less than 0.5 ng/ml/10 days. PMID- 7279702 TI - Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations in the management of patients with breast cancer. AB - Serial CEA determination have been performed in 335 patients with operable breast cancer who received radiotherapy and then were the subjects of a long-term follow up study. Tumor extension was staged by the surgeon according to the TNM classification. Elevated pretreatment CEA levels (greater than 10 ng/ml) indicated metastatic spread even when this was not evident from the original TNM classification. Elevated CEA levels of greater than 4 ng/ml also led to a reevaluation of patients and in 20% metastatic spread was found. Therapy was adapted when patients had demonstrable distant spread. Response to treatment could be correlated with decreasing CEA levels while increasing CEA levels were generally found when disease progression was observed. During long-term CEA follow-up, 80% of recurrent cancers were signaled by increasing CEA levels. A mean lead time of 4.8 months was calculated for the initial CEA increase before clinical confirmation. Slope analysis of the posttreatment CEA time course represented a numerical parameter which was characteristic for osseous and/or liver metastases when values of greater than 0.5 ng/ml/10 days were recorded. Soft tissue, lymph node, lung and brain metastases showed generally a slope value of less than 0.5 ng/ml/10 days. PMID- 7279704 TI - A study of factors influencing plasma CEA levels in an unselected population. AB - Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured by an immunoenzymic method (Abbott) in 1020 subjects attending the Preventive Medicine Centre (Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy). The results are assessed in relation to: sex, age, body build, fasting/normal food intake, smoking, alcohol intake, drug medication, and working environment. The mean plasma CEA level is 1.53 ng/ml. 87% of the total group has levels less than 2.5 ng/ml, 11.2% levels between 2.5 ng/ml and 5 ng/ml and 1.8% levels above 5 ng/ml. One person had a level above 10 ng/ml. Men had significantly higher CEA levels than women. Smoking was more frequent in both men and women with CEA levels above 2.5 ng/ml. Only in men were age, alcohol consumption and a poor work environment significantly associated with CEA levels higher than 2.5 ng/ml. Obesity in women was related to higher CEA levels. Food intake and drug medication were without influence on the CEA level. PMID- 7279703 TI - Independent expression of alpha-HCG and placental alkaline phosphatase in clonal human cell lines. AB - The expression of the placental isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase and the alpha subunit of chorionic gonadotropin was examined in a series of cloned lines of Chang liver cells. both placental gene products show large quantitative variation in the amounts made (over 30-fold) among the various clones. This variation occurs independently for both proteins. These results suggest that these placental-specific genes are discordantly regulated. Because karyologic analysis of several clones shows significant variation in the chromosome content, we cannot determine whether such expression results from true independent mechanisms controlling expression or from variation in gene dosage. PMID- 7279707 TI - LDH isoenzymes in cell cultures from transplantable hamster tumors with dissimilar histogenesis and differentiation. AB - LDH isoenzymes were assayed by acrylamide disc electrophoresis in the following material: (a) cells from 4 transplantable hamster tumors; (b) cells from the same tumors cultured for 0, 4, 12 or 24 h as well as for 3, 7, 12 or 26 days; (c) tumors obtained after re-inoculation of cells cultured for 26 days. During the first days of culture, the cells retained LDH patterns similar to those of tumors in vivo. Then a progressive increase in the M/H ratio was observed in all cultures. This was followed by a complete disappearance of LDH 1,2,3. In the tumors appearing after re-inoculation of cultured cells, re-emergence of the patterns seen in the original tumors was noted. The mechanism of the observed changes remains hypothetical although an adaptive re-arrangement of gene activity controlling the production of M and H subunits and/or in vitro selection of clones with higher M/H ratio is postulated. PMID- 7279705 TI - Alkaline phosphatase from two HeLa S3 subclones: one producing Regan and the other, Kasahara isozyme. AB - HeLa S3 cells have been found to possess heat-stable alkaline phosphatase. However, the present electrophoretic study indicated that this cell line also contained a heat-labile isozyme as a minor component with the major heat-stable (Regan) isozyme. Histochemical demonstration of these two isozymes was also made through heat treatment and inhibition tests. By the single cell cloning of HeLa S3 cells, two subclones, HeLa S3-5 with heat-labile Kasahara isozyme and HeLa S3 10 with Regan isozyme, were established. All 18 subclones from this HeLa S3-5 possessed the same type of heat-labile alkaline phosphatase. These two isozymes were expressed in two cell lines, respectively, during long term culture. The present study suggests that certain cell populations of HeLa S3 have changed their phenotype to Kasahara isozyme due to alteration of a regulatory gene during long term cell culture. PMID- 7279706 TI - The clinical value of urinary polyamine analyses in cancer patients. AB - The polyamines, putrescine (P) and spermidine (S), have been measured in 185 cancer patients. Patients in remission exhibited significantly different levels from those with active disease. In a dynamic patient study, followed over a period of 5-6 months, the urinary polyamine levels correlated closely with the clinical status. Furthermore, polyamines have been measured 24 h before beginning chemotherapy (P1, S1) and 48 h after its onset (P2, S2). The value of the ratio, (S2/P2)/(S1/P1), was found to correlate with the type of response to chemotherapy. PMID- 7279708 TI - Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma of rat stomach induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. AB - Intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma of the stomach were produced in Wistar strain rats by oral administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Alkaline phosphatase (AlP) isoenzymes of tissues from intestinal metaplastic mucosa and carcinoma of the stomach were studied. The ALP activity from all carcinoma tissues was several times higher than that of the surrounding gastric mucosa, and two of the tissues has over 100 times higher activity. An AlP zymogram from carcinoma tissues of the stomach showed one broad active band on 5% polyacrylamide-gel disc electrophoresis. This band was separated into 2 sharp active bands after treatment with neuraminidase: A-band (Rf = 19%) and B-band (Rf = 32%). From the enzymological and immunological study, B-band had properties similar to those of AlP isoenzyme from the intestinal metaplastic mucosa of the stomach, as well as intestinal AlP isoenzyme, while A-band had different ones. Anm AlP zymogram from glandular mucosa of the stomach showed 2 types of active band (A and B band) after treatment with neuraminidase, which were identical with those appearing in carcinoma tissues. The properties of AlP isoenzyme from the intestinal metaplastic mucosa of rat stomach induced by MNNG were similar to those of humans, and the carcinoma tissues of rat stomach were suspected of producing high amounts of AlP, especially the intestinal-type AlP isoenzyme. PMID- 7279709 TI - [Technique results and complications of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography from anterior approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279710 TI - [Physical principles of medical applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279711 TI - [Osteosclerotic plasmocytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279712 TI - [X-ray laboratory as a source of hospital infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279713 TI - [Usefulness of radiography without skeletal visualization in ophthalmological diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279714 TI - [Investigation on liver fat metabolism with CT (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279715 TI - [Computed tomography in assessment of intracranial posttraumatic lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279718 TI - [Congenital pericardial defects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279717 TI - [Value of lead shields in angiographic investigations of the brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279716 TI - [Direct and indirect angiographic signs of epidural haematomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279719 TI - [Algorithms used for image reconstruction in computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279720 TI - [Diagnosis of osteochondrodysplasia with particular reference to radiological examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279721 TI - [A case of hormonally inactive adrenocortical carcinoma with an atypical radiological pattern (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279722 TI - [Radiochemical composition of bromsulphophthalein--131I and the method of its determination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279723 TI - [Hexabrix in coronarography and ventriculography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279724 TI - [Transcutaneous transhepatic cholangiography]. PMID- 7279726 TI - The medically ill patient. Foreword. PMID- 7279725 TI - [Old disease--the present status of bile ducts imaging (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279727 TI - The medically ill patient. PMID- 7279729 TI - The organic brain syndromes. PMID- 7279730 TI - Chronic factitious disorder with physical symptoms (the Munchausen syndrome). PMID- 7279728 TI - Depression in the medically ill. PMID- 7279731 TI - [Effect of highly selective vagotomy on the gastric, intestinal and gallbladder motor activity]. PMID- 7279732 TI - [Arterial hypertension among the population of Mielnik-on-Bug]. PMID- 7279733 TI - [Use of mathematical methods and computer technics for monitoring the concentration of digitalis glycosides in the body of patients with symptoms of overdigitalization]. PMID- 7279734 TI - [Effect of phentolamine on hemodynamics in circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 7279739 TI - [Results of cholestyramine treatment of chronic infantile diarrhea]. PMID- 7279738 TI - [Clinico-hematological analysis and results of treatment of drug-induced thrombopenia]. PMID- 7279736 TI - [Treatment of cross-bite in a patient with facial hemiatrophy]. PMID- 7279735 TI - [Clinical value of the quantitative evaluation of morphological changes in small intestine biopsy]. PMID- 7279741 TI - [Hemoperfusion effect on plasma concentration of free amino acids in patients with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7279740 TI - [Pheochromocytoma as a cause of fatal abdominal hemorrhage]. PMID- 7279737 TI - [Principles of physiotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic procedures in the intensive care units]. PMID- 7279742 TI - [Coagulative, fibrinolytic and esterase activity in the plasma of patients with ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7279743 TI - [Results of systemic lupus erythematosus treatment in 300 patients]. PMID- 7279744 TI - [Surgical treatment of Nicolau's syndrome]. PMID- 7279747 TI - [Effect of kinesitherapy on hemodynamics and the physical fitness in young patients with hypertension]. PMID- 7279748 TI - [Correlation between the body's level of carbohydrates and the neurohormonal response to exercise in man]. PMID- 7279746 TI - [Usefulness of allogenic venous grafts in the surgical treatment of atherogenic obliteration of peripheral arteries]. PMID- 7279745 TI - [Crush syndrome with high-grade fluid retention in the tissues]. PMID- 7279750 TI - [Effect of nutrition on serum fatty acid composition in neonates and infants in the 1st trimester of life]. PMID- 7279749 TI - [Changes in cortisol concentration in experimental hemorrhagic shock and posthemorrhagic conditions]. PMID- 7279751 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica infections in Poland 1972-1978]. PMID- 7279752 TI - [Abnormal Q waves and QS complexes as a manifestation of intraventricular conduction disorders]. PMID- 7279753 TI - [Effect of Rydygier gastrectomy with vagotomy on gastric secretory function in duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7279754 TI - [Werner's syndrome]. PMID- 7279756 TI - [2 cases of agranulocytosis in patients treated with levamisole]. PMID- 7279755 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of tendons of both quadriceps femoris muscles in a patient under repeated hemodialysis]. PMID- 7279757 TI - [Pharmacological evaluation of the central effect of ethyl alcohol after administration with disulfiram and metronidazole]. PMID- 7279758 TI - [Hepatitis B in families of patients with chronic hepatitis and long-term HBs antigenemia]. PMID- 7279759 TI - [Serum haptoglobin changes in relation to the severity of acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7279760 TI - [Viral hepatitis and blood transfusion in the light of our own observations]. PMID- 7279761 TI - [Value of vena cava catheterization for the localization of pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 7279762 TI - [Effect of propranolol and atenolol on peripheral tissue blood flow and effective plasma flow through the kidneys]. PMID- 7279763 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test in the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity]. PMID- 7279764 TI - [Results of treatment of varicose ulcers with an aqueous extract of peat]. PMID- 7279765 TI - [The peripheral nervous system in alcoholism]. PMID- 7279766 TI - [Personality changes in chronic pain after treatment]. PMID- 7279767 TI - [Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of carotid artery thrombosis in patients with cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 7279768 TI - [Correlations between mean transit time and other indicators of the respiratory function]. PMID- 7279769 TI - [Neurological and electromyographical evaluation of the health status of workers exposed to occupational noise]. PMID- 7279771 TI - [External endometriosis]. PMID- 7279770 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in asthma as affected by various drugs combined with phentolamine (Regitine)]. PMID- 7279772 TI - [Congenital listeriosis in a newborn infant]. PMID- 7279773 TI - [Launois-Bensaude syndrome]. PMID- 7279774 TI - [Site of synthesis and metabolism of androgens and the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system function in the polycystic ovary syndrome-therapeutic implications]. PMID- 7279775 TI - [Opinions of basic health care physicians regarding health education and health habits of patients]. PMID- 7279776 TI - [Conceptualization in pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279777 TI - [Pathology and the philosophy of science: analytical studies on the concept of function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279779 TI - Symbolic logic analysis of congenital heart disease. AB - In identifying the primary, genetic or environmental event in human cardiac malformations, it is desirable to separate out the apparently secondary lesions. We have employed the general principle that multiple cardiac lesions within a single patient may often represent a pathogenetic process in which one primary event gives rise to a sequence of secondary lesions. The mechanical paradigm of cardiogenesis suggests that abnormal primary lesions may give rise to secondary lesions through altered blood flow or pressure relations, if the secondary structure normally appears later and represents a reasonable tissue response to altered mechanics. Symbolic logic is a mathematical method in which descriptive statements are placed in formal relation to one another and their logical consequences are deduced. Using the mechanical paradigm as a technique of hypothesis generation and symbolic logic as a technique of hypothesis testing, we have analyzed the following malformation complexes in large series of autopsied patients: coarctation of the aorta, tetralogy of Fallot, arterious malformation, interrupted aortic arch, and semilunar valve malformations. PMID- 7279778 TI - [On the concept of multifactorial genesis (author's transl)]. AB - The terms "multiconditional genesis" and "multifactorial genesis" have been frequently used in medical literature in recent decades. They are, however, only vague words because they have not been defined. In the present paper an explication leading to such definition is undertaken. The explication is based on the concept of statistical relevance. First the concepts of causal relevance, causal pseudorelevance and causal irrelevance are introduced. Positive causal relevance and negative causal relevance are distinguished. Multifactorial genesis is then defined as the generation of an event Z by n greater than 1 events X, Y1, ..., Yn, where (1) the complex event Y1& .. & Yn is positively causally relevant for Z with respect to X, and (2) each Yi is positively causally relevant in Z with respect to X & Y1 &..& Yi. Finally a quantitative concept of causality is outlined. PMID- 7279781 TI - Comparative light microscopical and X-ray microanalysis study of barium granuloma. AB - A barium granuloma occurring in the gastric wall was examined by various light microscopical methods and with the scanning electron microscope in association with an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer. Barium sulphate is present in the form of a slightly granular, yellowish and greenish substance within the cytoplasm of macrophages, and shows no birefringence. Needle-shaped and rhomboid birefringent crystals are rich in magnesium and silicon, and most probably present talc crystals, one of the admixtures in common commercial preparations used for contrast x-ray examination of the gastrointestinal tract, rather than crystals of barium sulphate proper as erroneously interpreted in the literature. PMID- 7279783 TI - Malignant histiocytosis presenting as lethal midline granuloma. AB - The clinical and histologic materials, including autopsy findings, from 6 cases with clinical features of so-called lethal midline granuloma were examined. These cases were selected by characteristic biopsy findings observed in the nasal lesions. The histologic features of the nasal lesions were necrosis and infiltration of atypical histiocytic cells. The mean age was 37 years with a 2:1 male to female preponderance. Nasal complaints and fever were frequent manifestation, and physical findings showed necrotic, granulomatous lesions in the nasal cavity in all cases. The survival ranged from 4 to 24 months, giving a mean value of 13 months. Autopsy findings revealed systemic, neoplastic proliferation of atypical histiocytes, from these observation, these 6 cases should be regarded as malignant histiocytosis (MH) with usual presentation. PMID- 7279785 TI - Granuloblastomas of the stomach (so-called eosinophilic granulomas)-- a variant of fibrous histiocytomas? AB - 25 cases of focal connective tissue proliferations in the submucosa of the stomach are presented. These lesions are termed "granuloblastomas" and have many features in common with so-called eosinophilic granulomas of the stomach. We found that granuloblastomas may be subdivided into two groups: (1) 8 cases are considered to be the result of the proliferation of a peculiar granulation tissue with abundant eosionophilic granulocytes, and (2) 17 cases show a more or less marked storiform pattern and the cellularity is constituted by fibroblasts and histiocytes as well as differing amounts of eosinophilic granulocytes. After discussing the concept of "fibrous histiocytomas" it is concluded that at least the second group of granuloblastomas may be interpreted as a pseudotumorous variant of fibrous histiocytomas. It remains to be clarified in future if submucosal neurofibromas can show the histological features of lesions which we designate granuloblastomas. PMID- 7279780 TI - Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. PMID- 7279782 TI - Tissue damage by fatty acids released by lipolysis. Contribution to the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. AB - Local application of a mixture of emulsified olive oil and pancreatic lipase produces massive necrosis in liver, kidney, pancreas, skeletal muscle, and perivascular sheath within 3 hours with subsequent spread. The necrosis is accompanied by a marked leucocytic reaction and, - after 16-24 hours -, involves the walls of veins and arteries resembling the vascular necrosis of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Electron microscopy shows necrosis of emigrated leucocytes after only 120 minutes. Vascular necrosis is not seen before the second day. The results clearly demonstrate the ability of free fatty acids to damage cells and tissue, and support the hypothesis that the morphological change of necrotizing pancreatitis are mainly produced by the release of fatty acids by active lipase. PMID- 7279784 TI - Comparative radiological and morphological study of the human pancreas. IV. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis in man. AB - In 40 patients with massive acute pancreatitis the pancreata (autoptical 30, surgical 6, surgical + autoptical 4) were studies by ductography and extensive histology. The study shows that in man acute pancreatitis starts with fat necrosis around and within the pancreas. In second step acinar cell necorsis as well as vascular destruction and thrombosis arise in the immediate neighbourhood of the fat necorsis. In about 25% the vascular lesions are followed by infarction like necrosis of the pancreas. The study strongly suggests that the pancreatic lipase is the key-enzyme in the development acute pancreatitis by releasing membrane-toxical fatty acids. PMID- 7279786 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of normal, malignant and post radiotherapeutic oral mucosal cells. AB - A scanning electron microscopic study of 40 oral mucosal smears from healthy controls or patients with cancer of the mouth has enabled a comparison of the "external" characteristics of normal, malignant and dysplastic (post radiotherapeutic) cells. Normal cells, particularly the cells of the superficial epithelial layers, were characterized by well-defined polarized external protrusions with ridges on the upper surface and microvilli on the under surface. In cancer cells, both the shape and arrangement of these formations were profoundly altered. Dysplastic cells presented an intermediate appearance which was sufficiently characteristic to allow them to be distinguished from neoplastic cells. PMID- 7279787 TI - Morphology of liver cell tight junctions in ethinyl estradiol induced cholestasis. AB - Using freeze-fracture techniques the junctional complex of the hepatocytes in female rats is studied after ethinyl estradiol induced cholestasis. The gap junctions are not changed in this situation in contrast to the altered pattern found in extrahepatic bile duct obstruction. The more or less parallel tight junctional strands around the canalicular lumen are converted into a irregular loose network after estradiol treatment in a similar way as in extrahepatic cholestasis. These modifications in the geometrical arrangement of the strands suggest an increase permeability through the tight junctions so that a backward diffusion of biliary components through intercellular escape is possible. PMID- 7279789 TI - Documentation of vascular malformations by postmortal angiography of the fetus and the newborn. PMID- 7279788 TI - Histomorphology of the human female breast after longterm testosterone administration. PMID- 7279790 TI - Effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation by isoprenaline on proliferation and differentation of mouse bone marrow cells in vivo. AB - In CFW mice exposed to 550 R of X-rays 75 min after administration of isoprenaline (IPR) the number of endogenous spleen colonies was increased from 2.15 +/- 0.4 to 33 +/- 3.78 per spleen. In animals injected with hydroxyurea 15 min after IPR injection the number of endogenous spleen colonies did not exceed the normal values, giving evidence for rapid triggering of pluripotent stem cells from G0 into S phase. No changes in the number of colonies were observed when IPR was administered 30 min after or 16 hr before irradiation. However, 16 hr after administration of IPR, the maximal proliferative response of bone marrow cells (determined by autoradiography with 3H-TdR) was noted. An increase in erythropoietic activity (measured by 59Fe incorporation into erythrocytes) was also observed in animals treated with IPR. The above data indicate that the beta adrenergic stimulation by IPR results in the increase of proliferative activity of hemopoietic stem cells and their enhanced differentiation towards erythropoiesis. PMID- 7279791 TI - Effect of chronic clonidine treatment and lesion of the locus coeruleus on the conditioned avoidance behavior in rats. AB - The effect of chronic clonidine treatment (0.2 mg/kg ip. during 10 consecutive days) on two-way avoidance acquisition was investigated in two groups of rats; sham operated and bilaterally lesioned with the locus coeruleus. Clonidine almost completely blocked the acquisition of avoidance reaction in both groups. In rats injected with saline, lesion of the locus coeruleus significantly decreased the avoidance reaction. The results indicate that destruction of presynaptic sites of clonidine action in neurons of the locus coeruleus failed to change the action of drug. PMID- 7279792 TI - The influence of taurine on acetylcholine content and synthesis in rat brain. AB - Taurine applied to rats intracerebroventricularly in doses 0.1--3.0 mg increased ACh level and decreased ACh synthesis in the cerebral cortex. In the striatum ACh level was increased after doses of 0.1--3.0 mg and ACh synthesis was decreased after 0.01--3.0 mg. In the hippocampus taurine appeared to decrease both ACh level (0.5--3.0 mg) and synthesis (0.1--3.0 mg). Maximum effects of taurine were observed 30--60 min following the injection. A possible role of taurine as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator is discussed. PMID- 7279793 TI - The effect of prolonged administration of disulfiram alone or in combination with ethanol on some indices of lipid metabolism in the blood serum and hepatic tissue of the rat. AB - Disulfiram alone or in combination with ethanol was administered orally for six weeks. Disulfiram significantly elevated the triglyceride level in the blood serum and hepatic tissue and cholesterol level in the blood serum, and depressed the content of free fatty acids in the hepatic tissue. Given together with ethanol, disulfiram increased the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood serum and depressed the cholesterol level in the hepatic tissue. Given separately or in combination with ethanol, disulfiram disturbed the lipid metabolism. The results may indicate that chronically given disulfiram may produce in man similar disturbance and owing to that may aggravate hepatic steatosis present in 60--90% of alcoholics, in this way intensifying the damage of this organ. PMID- 7279794 TI - Modification of experimental liver damage by an antiseptic: alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride. AB - Effect of Roccal (alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride) applications on the progress of liver recovery after damaging it by oral introduction of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to adult nonline rats twice a week during a month at the dosage of 0.1 ml/100 g of 50% oil solution was investigated. The Roccal applications at the dosage 10 mg/kg (1/50 DL50 skin) during a month 5 times a week intensify the functional and morphological liver damage, slows down the recovery, provokes earlier nephrotoxic effect, modifies the changes of nitrogen balance. The other phenomena of the toxic hepatopathy and the resorbtive effect of Roccal were manifested on the subcellular level by the intracellular liver hypertrophy, the damage of glycerophosphatic mitochondrial shunt, the increase of catabolism, probably the accumulation of the peroxidated products in the blood leukocytes. The changes of the leukocytes enzymatic status were aggravated by the influence of Roccal during the recovering process of the experimental hepatopathy. PMID- 7279795 TI - Preparation of drugs used in hyperacidity. Part III. Stability of alumina gels. AB - The effect of temperature on the stability of alumina gels heated in the solid state and in the suspension was investigated. The suspensions were made in water, 1,4-dioxane and their mixture. It was found that the ageing of gels occurs during heating them in the solid state, in water and water-dioxane mixture as a first order reaction. The neutralizing properties of gel heated in 100% dioxane were not changed. The phase analysis of the investigated preparations was based on X ray measurements. The contribution of water in the mechanism of gel changes is discussed. PMID- 7279796 TI - Thrombocytopenia during diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (stilphostrol) infusion for carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Transient thrombocytopenia was noted to occur in ten of 13 patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate undergoing intravenous diethylstilbestrol diphosphate therapy. This was not associated with abnormalities of the initial platelet count or other parameters of the hemogram. There was no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation in these patients. No serious bleeding episodes occurred secondary to the thrombocytopenia. Following diethylstilbestrol diphosphate infusion, platelet counts generally returned to pretreatment levels. While the mechanism of action of the thrombocytopenia is unclear, we hypothesize a transient bone marrow toxicity as the cause of this phenomenon. PMID- 7279797 TI - Intraprostatic lymphatics in man: light and ultrastructural observations. AB - Despite reports that human prostate is without lymphatics, electron microscopic studies of prostatic curettings of human prostate have demonstrated unequivocal evidence that lymphatics exist in prostate proper. Such channels are found in two locations: between the muscle cells and in the fibrous stroma supporting the muscle bundles. The lymphatics between the muscle cells are of smaller caliber and probably represent initial lymphatics. They are intimately connected by anchoring filaments and microfibrils to the smooth muscle cells. The functional relationship between these has been discussed. No lymphatics were seen in subepithelial location. We saw only blood capillaries in that area. PMID- 7279799 TI - Androgen and collagen as growth regulators of the rat ventral prostate. AB - With the aim of studying a possible role of the fibromuscular stroma as growth regulator for the rat ventral prostate the weight, DNA content, and hydroxyproline content were analyzed in the ventral prostate of rats of varying age. Exogenous androgen increased the age-dependent weight and contents only in young and old rats. Orchiectomy reduced prostatic weight, DNA content, and hydroxyproline content although to different extent, and exogenous androgen restored the weight and contents. Exogenous estrogen to intact animals had effects similar to orchiectomy. Estrogen combined with androgen increased DNA content over that found in animals given androgen only, while weight and hydroxyproline content were not changed. It is concluded that the endogenous androgen determines the size of the prostate in young and old animals. Androgen also determines prostatic collagen content. The good correlation between prostatic DNA and hydroxyproline indicates a more or less fixed number of epithelial cells per amount of collagen. A hypothesis suggesting a crucial role for prostatic collagen in the growth-limiting mechanism in the prostate is presented. PMID- 7279798 TI - Androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in the Pollard prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines. AB - Both the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors of the Pollard prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines (PA-II and PA-III) have been examined and characterized. Both cell lines contains distinct binding sites for 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and dexamethasone (DM). The specific binding of the ligands to the whole cell was saturable, and Scatchard analysis showed a single class of high-affinity and low-capacity sites. (3H)-DHT was bound to a cytosolic macromolecule which sedimented at 7S after sucrose density gradient centrifugation in low salt buffer, and was completely displaced by radioinert DHT. By means of competition studies, the androgen receptor could be distinguished from that for the glucocorticoids. The DNA and protein synthesis of both tumor lines were significantly enhanced after exposure to DHT. PMID- 7279800 TI - Human prostatic adenocarcinoma: some characteristics of a serially transplantable line in nude mice (PC 82). AB - Transplantation of tissue from a cribriform human prostatic carcinoma resulted in a serially transplantable tumor line in nude mice, PC 82. During 2 1/2 years the tumor has not changed its histological appearance and remained a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The cells contain large amounts of prostatic acid phosphatase. It has a slow rate of growth and regresses after castration and estrogen treatment. This preliminary information suggests that the PC 82 tumor line may be suitable model for hormone-dependent human prostatic cancer. PMID- 7279801 TI - Cryotherapy of prostate cancer. AB - Cryosurgical destruction of primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate was performed via perineal route in 215 patients during a 12-year period. The average age of the patients was 66 years. The stage of the disease varied from stage B to D. In 74% of the patients, no clinical evidence of tumor was found in the prostatic fossa following cryosurgery. Few patients needed transurethral surgery and none needed repeated transurethral resections for obstructive symptoms. This experience suggests that local destruction of prostatic carcinoma can be achieved with little morbidity and mortality. Herein wer discuss the method of cryosurgery, stage and histology or tumor, survival, local recurrence, and complications. PMID- 7279802 TI - The value of perineal punch biopsy in estimating the histological grade of carcinoma of the prostate. AB - The degree of accuracy of the histological grade of carcinoma of the prostate obtained by perineal punch biopsy was analyzed by comparing the histological findings with those of radical prostatectomy specimens. Biopsy specimens of 97 of 100 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1969 and 1979 were reevaluated. In 43% of the cases, perineal punch biopsy revealed a uniform architectural pattern, which was classified as well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in 21 cases and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in 22 cases. However, of the 21 cases determined by biopsy to be uniformly well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, only seven (33.3%) were confirmed by evaluation of the radical prostatectomy specimens. A uniform, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was ultimately found in only five operative specimens of the 22 patients with this preoperative diagnosis. As one case clearly demonstrated, multifocal origin of carcinoma of the prostate is the main source of the frequently occurring error encountered with perineal punch biopsy in determining the grade of differentiation. PMID- 7279803 TI - Extended field radiation therapy for prostate cancer: influence of positive lymph nodes on prognosis. AB - One hundred forty-eight patients with prostate cancer, treated with curative intent at the LDS Hospital from 1969 to 1977, were analyzed. Local control and survival were excellent in patients with negative lymph node evaluations. Eighty six percent (24/28) were without evidence of disease at the time of this report. Patients with tumor in pelvic lymph nodes had a poor five-year disease-free survival, despite regional radiation therapy. At five years, 17% (13/18) were disease free. External beam radiation is excellent therapy for localized cancer of the prostate gland. The value of regional radiation in the presence of positive adenopathy remains to be defined. PMID- 7279804 TI - Benefits and complications of staging pelvic lymph node dissection in prostatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7279806 TI - Overview of chemotherapy programs of the NPCP. PMID- 7279807 TI - Response criteria for the prostate of the USA National Prostatic Cancer Project. AB - Response criteria developed by the national Prostatic Cancer Project to evaluate chemotherapy for advanced disease and as an adjuvant in early disease are described. Subjective and objective procedures and tests are used to compare pre- and post-treatment disease activity in advanced disease. These patients enter trials in demonstrated progression; hence stabilization of activity was considered a category of objective response. Other response categories include the rare complete response and less rare partial regression, with progression for non-responders. In adjuvant studies response indicators are the incidence of recurring disease and length of disease-free-interval. PMID- 7279808 TI - Fundamental biochemical and immunological aspects of prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) was purified from human malignant prostate tissue by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by sequential chromatographies of ion exchange, affinity column, and gel filtration. PAP has a molecular weight of 100,000 and consists of two subunits of 50,000. Owing, in part, to sialic acid contents in the molecule, PAP has multiple isoelectric points (pIs) at 4.2-5.5. In 0.2 M citrate, PAP has the highest affinity (Km 9.2 x 10(-5) M) in hydrolyzing alpha-naphthyl phosphate among the phosphomonoesters. Tartrate and heat at 37 degrees C for 2 hours almost completely inhibit PAP enzymic activity. By immunoprecipitate technique, anti-PAP heteroantiserum exhibited a distinct immunologic characteristics. Further, PAP possessed different antibody-binding site from enzyme hydrolytic site. PMID- 7279805 TI - Examination of the distribution of oestrogen receptor between the stromal and epithelial compartments of the canine prostate. AB - The stromal and epithelial elements of the canine prostate gland have been mechanically separated for the individual measurement of the presence of oestrogen receptor. The purity of each fraction was assessed by light and electron microscopy and by certain biochemical parameters and was found to be good. The oestrogen receptor was demonstrated to be predominantly located in the stroma at a concentration of 181.5 +/- 49.3 fmoles/mg cytosol protein compared with that in the epithelium of 44.5 +/- 22.4 fmoles/mg cytosol protein. A high affinity for the tritiated ligand was also shown (kd = 2.81 +/- 0.8 (X 10(10)). A significance of these findings is discussed, especially with regard to the development of prostatic hyperplasia. PMID- 7279811 TI - The zonal anatomy of the prostate. AB - Earlier morphologic studies of the prostate, though often extensive, have never systematically delineated its completed structure. Recent comprehensive analysis of 500 prostates has more precisely defined its anatomic composition, identifying previously undetected features and unsuspected complexities. Using a three dimensional model, these structures and relationships are demonstrated. Four basic anatomic regions are described. The relationship of each to the urethra provides a central anatomic reference point. 1. The peripheral zone constitutes over 70% of the glandular prostate. It forms a disc of tissue whose ducts radiate laterally from the urethra lateral and distal to the verumontanum. Almost all carcinomas arise here. 2. The central zone constitutes 25% of the glandular prostate. Its ducts arise close to the ejaculatory duct orifices and follow these ducts proximally, branching laterally near the prostate base. Its lateral border fuses with the proximal peripheral zone border, completing in continuity with the peripheral zone, a full disc of secretory tissue oriented in a coronal plane. Marked histologic differences between central and peripheral zones suggest important biologic differences. 3. Preprostatic region. The urethral segment proximal to the verumontanum is kinked anteriorly at a 35-degree angle to the distal segment. No major ducts arise in the proximal segment, but the lateral rows of peripheral zone orifices continue. Duct development is aborted here, producing only a small transition zone and several tinier periurethral ducts. The development of these small ducts is possibly determined and limited by their intimate relationship to a periurethral smooth muscle sphincter that exists only proximal to the verumontanum. These small ducts in a restricted area are the exclusive site of nodular hyperplasia (BPH) origin. 4. The anterior fibromuscular stroma forms the entire anterior surface of the prostate as a thick, nonglandular apron, shielding from view the anterior surface of the three glandular regions. Its inseparable fusion to the glandular prostate has probably delayed recognition of the anatomic features described here. PMID- 7279809 TI - Current experience with radioimmunoassay techniques for prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - Data are presented demonstrating that radioimmunoassay techniques for measurement of serum prostatic acid phosphatase are more sensitive than enzymatic methods in the detection of all stages of prostatic cancer. The possibility of using a solid phase RIA technique to screen for prostatic cancer is considered. Sixty-three hundred and twenty men over age 45 entering a clinical laboratory for any indication were evaluated using the RIA test for PAP. In this group 444 (7%) had elevated test values. Clinical recall and urologic review of the patients with elevated test results yielded 67 who were suspect for prostatic cancer, of whom 59 (88%) were confirmed by prostatic needle biopsy. These data suggest that the RIA for prostatic acid phosphatase as an isolated clinical procedure is not sufficiently specific to be used for screening due to the large number of false positive results. However, the RIA-PAP test in combination with a follow-up urologic examination is quite specific and deserves further consideration as a screening method for prostatic malignancy. PMID- 7279810 TI - Interference with in vivo growth and metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma (PA III) by ICRF-159. AB - Rat prostate adenocarcinoma III (PA III) cells metastasize spontaneously from extravascular implant sites through ipsilateral lymphatic channels to the lungs in which they develop as distinct expanding foci of tumors. ICRF-159 (30 + 60 mg/kg body weight) was administered to rats with PA-III cells at daily intervals from day 0 to 2 weeks (5 days/week). When the rats were examined after 35 and 40 days, the drug treatment caused a significant suppression of the primary tumor and of metastatic dissemination. When the treatment schedule with ICRF-159 was delayed to day 18 in rats with metastasizing PA III cells, the progress of metastasis was thereafter interrupted or retarded significantly. Rats with PA II cells which metastasize in fulminant pattern through lymphatic and blood channels to multiple target organs were administered ICRF-159 (60 mg/kg body weight) from day 0 for over 2 weeks. They did with disseminated tumors within days after cessation of treatments. PMID- 7279814 TI - DNA pattern and cytological findings in fine-needle aspirates of untreated prostatic tumors. A flow-cytofluorometric study. AB - The cellular DNA content in fine-needle prostatic aspirates from 500 untreated patients was determined by flow cytofluorometry. According to the DNA patterns diploid, tetraploid, and non-tetraploid aneuploid cases were identified. In 301 cytologically benign cases more than 90% showed diploid DNA patterns. Among 166 carcinomas the incidence of aneuploid DNA values increased with the degree of anaplasia, ie, 44% in well-differentiated, 78% in moderately differentiated, and 97% in poorly differentiated tumors. In aneuploid cases of well-differentiated carcinomas almost exclusively tetraploid DNA patterns were observed, while in poorly differentiated carcinomas about 80% showed non-tetraploid aneuploid DNA distributions. Among aneuploid cases of moderately differentiated carcinomas 2/3 were tetraploid and 1/3 non-tetraploid aneuploid. Morphologically similar tumors may thus be separated by the DNA profiles. The biological significance of these results must be further evaluated by clinical follow-up of the patients. PMID- 7279813 TI - Nitroimidazoles in the canine prostate, vagina, and urethra. AB - Diffusion of metronidazole and tinidazole in canine prostatic secretion was studied and compared to the diffusion of metronidazole into the canine vagina. This particular comparison was made because prostatic secretion represents an acidic environment in contrast to the canine vagina which has a basic pH. Metronidazole reached significantly higher concentrations in the prostatic secretion (PS) than in plasma (P). No differences were found in the concentrations of tinidazole in P and PS. Plasma and prostatic interstitial fluid (PIF) concentrations of both drugs showed no differences either. However, the PS/P and PIF/P ratios of metronidazole were significantly higher than the corresponding ratios of tinidazole. Metronidazole concentrations in the canine vagina and urethra were significantly lower than the plasma concentrations, possibly because of the basic pH environment. These findings suggest a possible advantage in using metronidazole over tinidazole in aerobic and Trichomonas vaginalis prostatitis and vaginitis in acidic environments. However, clinical studies comparing the two drugs should be carried out in order to establish if this is of clinical importance. PMID- 7279815 TI - [Preproteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279816 TI - The effect of anosmia on smoking habits. AB - Sixteen cigarette smokers who had developed complete anosmia were questioned about their smoking habits. Four subjects increased their cigarette consumption, 8 were unchanged and 4 decreased. The development of anosmia has no consistent effect on cigarette smoking. PMID- 7279817 TI - Long-term treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with carbamazepine. AB - The results of treating 143 patients with trigeminal neuralgia with carbamazepine (CBZ) over a 16-year period have been reviewed. The drug was effective initially with few mild side effects in 99 patients (69%). Of these, 19 developed resistance later, i.e. between 2 months and 10 years after commencing treatment, and required alternative measures. Of the remaining 80 (56%), the drug was effective in 49 for 1-4 years and in 31 for 5-16 years. Thirty-six patients (25%) failed to respond to CBZ initially and required alternative measures, as did 8 (6%) who were intolerant of the drug. One patient developed CBZ-induced water intoxication with hyponatraemia. Subsequently hyponatraemia was excluded in 17 patients who had been taking CBZ for between 4 months and 7 years. This study has thus confirmed the efficacy of CBZ in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and shown that it may continue to be effective for many years. PMID- 7279812 TI - The prostate of the nonhuman primate: normal anatomy and pathology. AB - The caudal and cranial prostate of different species of nonhuman primates were examined for histologic characteristics and pathological abnormalities. One hundred specimens from 12 species were represented. Among the pathologies found were: 1) cystic hyperplasia; 2) fibromuscular hyperplasia; 3) squamous metaplasia; 4) chronic and acute bacterial prostatitis; 5) prostate adenocarcinoma; and 6) other miscellaneous pathologic changes. A historical review of histological characteristics and pathological abnormalities of the nonhuman primate prostate is given. Based upon findings in this study, anatomical similarity of the caudal lobe of the prostate to the peripheral zone of the prostate in humans as described by McNeal is found. In the patas monkey the relationship of the cranial and caudal lobe suggests strongly the relationship seen between the central and peripheral zones in man. The case of prostatic adenocarcinoma described has only been reported in one other nonhuman primate. PMID- 7279818 TI - Prevalence of thyroid antibodies in Shiraz, Iran, an area with iodine deficiency. AB - The prevalence of thyroid antibodies was 2% among 53 healthy Shirazi volunteers, 3% among 30 consecutive patients with goitre, 41% among 17 patients with thyrotoxicosis and 67% among 18 consecutive patients with myxoedema. A surprising finding was that in a sub-group of 9 of the latter, a high incidence of diabetes (55%) was found and when both diseases co-existed, the prevalence of thyroid antibodies was 80% compared with 67% with myxoedema alone. Serum cholesterol was marginally lower in the goitre than the control group (P, 0.05-0.025) but when females alone were compared there was no significant difference. It was also lower in the thyrotoxic group (P, 0.0025) and higher in the myxoedema group (P, 0.0025). Serum triiodothyronine was lower in the goitre group than the controls (P, 0.0005) but again, when females alone were considered, this difference lessened (P, 0.025-0.0125). Serum thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone levels showed no significant differences in the goitre and control groups. PMID- 7279819 TI - Improvement in renal function in primary hyperparathyroidism following parathyroidectomy. AB - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were measured pre- and post-parathyroidectomy in 9 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Radiological studies had shown no sign of renal calculi or nephrocalcinosis in these patients. Before operation, GFR ranged from 98.5 to 23.4 ml/min/1.7 m2 and ERPF ranged from 510 to 127 ml/min/1.7 m2. After operation, GFR rose to a range of 108.8 to 48.7 ml/min/1.7 m2, and ERPF ranged from 556 to 189 ml/min/1.7 m2. The results suggest that early diagnosis and surgery are important, both to prevent progressive renal damage and to improve the possibility of recovery where functional damage has occurred. PMID- 7279820 TI - Pattern of renal amyloidosis in Indian patients. AB - Two hundred and thirty-three patients with renal amyloidosis were studied in an attempt to identify the incidence and pattern of the disease in northern India. The incidence of amyloidosis was 1.01% of 6431 post-mortems and 8.4% of 1980 renal biopsies from patients who presented with clinical evidence of glomerular disease. Two hundred and three patients (87.1%) had secondary amyloidosis, 22 (9.4%) had primary amyloid and 8 patients (3.5%) had amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma. Tuberculosis of various organs was the commonest predisposing disease accounting for 59.1% of secondary amyloidosis, followed by chronic suppurative lung disease in 24.1%. Rheumatoid arthritis, chronic osteomyelitis and lepromatous leprosy were seen in a small percentage of patients (2 to 8%). Proteinuria of varying degree was present in all the 233 patients and 12.9% of them had a daily protein excretion of more than 10 g. Post-mortem examination of 65 patients with renal amyloidosis showed that 75.3% also had amyloid deposit in the spleen, 63% in the liver, and 50.8% in the adrenals. Clinical evidence of disappearance of proteinuria was observed in 3 patients with secondary amyloidosis; in 2 of them, the regression of amyloidosis was confirmed by serial renal biopsy performed 3 and 5 years after the initial diagnosis. PMID- 7279821 TI - Vasopressin function in familial cranial diabetes insipidus. AB - A family suffering from cranial diabetes insipidus, that extends over 4 generations, is described. Inheritance of polyuria was autosomal dominant. Vasopressin function was studied in members of the last 2 generations, 4 of whom had polyuria. Osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion was assessed by infusion of hypertonic saline. Plasma vasopressin remained undetectable in one patient, while 2 others had very blunted vasopressin responses to osmotic stimulation. Three non osmotic stimuli were applied. Controlled hypotension produced by trimetaphan infusion and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia did not increase plasma vasopressin but apomorphine-induced nausea caused a minimal rise in plasma vasopressin to 0.7 pg/ml. Polyuria and thirst resolved with antidiuretic therapy in all patients studied. Congenital absence of vasopressin as in Brattleboro rats is unlikely to account for diabetes insipidus in this disorder since small increases in vasopressin have been demonstrated in these patients. In view of previous post mortem findings, familial cranial diabetes insipidus is most likely to be due to degeneration of vasopressin-synthesizing neurones. PMID- 7279822 TI - Audit of an inner city coronary unit. AB - The performance of the St Mary's Hospital London W2 coronary care unit was studied in each of 2 years, 1969 and 1975, results of which could be compared with each other and with national figures from the annual reports of the Hospital In-patient Enquiry. In 1975 the admissions were 42% more than in 1969; the increase was confined to mild cases over 45 years of age, and was out of proportion to national trends. The hospital fatality rate was unchanged and when age-standardized was 69% and 78% of contemporaneous national rates. In both years, 50% of the patients admitted came from outside the health district and 10% of local admissions were visitors from abroad. In 1975 there was an increased proportion of ex-smokers among the patients and more gave a history of previous myocardial infarction. The value and limitations of this kind of surveillance of a clinical unit are argued. PMID- 7279824 TI - Chlorpropamide-induced haemolytic anaemia. AB - A newly diagnosed diabetic patient, recently started on chlorpropamide, required emergency admission because of sudden onset of weakness and syncope. In vitro testing confirmed the diagnosis of chlorpropamide induced haemolysis, and withdrawal of the drug resulted in clinical recovery. PMID- 7279823 TI - Familial late onset oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. AB - An English family is described several members of which have suffered from oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. No symptoms were noticed in any affected members of the family until aged at least 50 years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance is clearly shown. PMID- 7279825 TI - Haemolytic anaemia with hypernephroma. AB - A case is reported of Coombs' positive haemolytic anaemia associated with hypernephroma. The anaemia regressed on removal of the tumour but returned when secondary deposits developed. PMID- 7279826 TI - Total body potassium depletion and severe myopathy due to chronic liquorice ingestion. AB - A 33-year-old patient with hypokalaemia associated with severe myopathy following liquorice ingestion is described. Potassium depletion was confirmed by total body potassium measurements and myopathy was established by electromyography and enzyme studies. The potential hazard of chronic liquorice consumption even as a sweet is illustrated by this case. PMID- 7279827 TI - 'Pulse' methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide therapy in idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. AB - The clinical report of a 31-year-old man who developed acute renal failure due to idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is presented. Intravenous pulse methylprednisolone therapy in combination with cyclophosphamide resulted in marked improvement in renal function. The literature dealing with pulse therapy is reviewed. PMID- 7279828 TI - Arthropathy in Dressler's syndrome. AB - Three patients developed a polyarthritis in association with Dressler's (post myocardial infarction) syndrome. Joint involvement was more pronounced in the upper limbs and persisted many months after other features of Dressler's syndrome had settled. In 2 cases the findings in the joints were slight and might have been overlooked but for the persistently raised ESR. There was a prompt symptomatic response to prednisone. PMID- 7279829 TI - Colonic gall-stone ileus. AB - A case of obstruction of the colon by a solitary, large gall-stone is described. This rare event usually occurs in elderly females in whom there is frequently an underlying pathological condition at the site of obstruction in the colon. The calculus usually migrates via a cholecystocolic fistula. Diagnosis may be assisted by plain abdominal X-ray and contrast radiography. Immediate operative treatment should be tailored to the patient's general condition and the nature of the pathological changes. PMID- 7279830 TI - Carcinoma of the pancreas presenting as mechanical obstruction of the colon. AB - This purports to be the first recorded case of carcinoma of the pancreas presenting as a mechanical obstruction of the colon. The literature relating to some other rare modes of presentation is reviewed, and a comment made on the desirability of routine post-mortem studies. PMID- 7279832 TI - An open haematology service. A survey of its use by family practitioners. PMID- 7279831 TI - Plasma bilirubin and serum free fatty acids after myocardial infarction. AB - Fasting concentrations of plasma bilirubin were measured in 34 patients on admission to hospital and daily for 7 days after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Mean concentrations increased significantly to reach maximum levels on the second day after admission, and fell during the following 5 days to reach the admission level by the 7th day. Unconjugated bilirubin accounted for most of this rise. Serum concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), measured simultaneously in 12 patients, were highest within 12 hr of the onset of symptoms, when their level was significantly higher than at any time after the first day. It is suggested that the transient hyperbilirubinaemia after uncomplicated myocardial infarction is frequent and may result from interference by FFA with bilirubin metabolism. PMID- 7279834 TI - Looking back on a trainee year. PMID- 7279833 TI - Problems of the trainer and trainee in general practice. PMID- 7279835 TI - Cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 7279836 TI - Acute cholecystitis. PMID- 7279837 TI - Gallstones. PMID- 7279838 TI - An A-Z of dental problems in general medical practice. PMID- 7279839 TI - The health of former prisoners of war of the Japanese. PMID- 7279840 TI - Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 7279841 TI - Induction of labour by prostaglandin tablets in a general practitioner maternity unit. PMID- 7279842 TI - Multiple sclerosis: a problem in the management of neurological disease. PMID- 7279843 TI - Dietary management of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7279844 TI - Prophecy and prostatectomy. PMID- 7279845 TI - Gastrointestinal malignancy and the ESR. PMID- 7279846 TI - Viskaldix in the treatment of essential hypertension. A study on hospital out patients. PMID- 7279847 TI - Liver, gall bladder and pancreas. PMID- 7279848 TI - [The occupational physician in the industry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279850 TI - [How to take care of the difficult patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279849 TI - [Increasing frequency of primary carcinoma of the liver in Zurich (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279852 TI - [In vitro dissolution test: evaluation criterion for prolonged release dosage forms vincamine example (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279851 TI - [Faith and work in psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279853 TI - [Chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 7279854 TI - [What is your diagnosis]. PMID- 7279855 TI - [Steroid therapy in asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279856 TI - [Evaluation of the complementary use of different methods for diagnostic ultrasound (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279857 TI - [Coughs and dyspnea of breath - symptoms too often wrongly diagnosed as functional (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279858 TI - [What is your roentgen diagnosis?]. PMID- 7279860 TI - [Abnormalities of the duodenal mucosa in diseases of the small intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279859 TI - [Significance of disaccharidase assays in endoscopic biopsies from the duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279861 TI - [Involvement of the duodenum in amyloidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279862 TI - [Lipid islands in the duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279863 TI - [Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small intestine associated with common variable immunodeficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279865 TI - [What is your diagnosis?]. PMID- 7279864 TI - [The value of duodenal biopsy in the diagnosis of coeliac disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279866 TI - [The ambulatory measure of tension profile with the Remler Portable Device (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279867 TI - [Clonidine poisoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279868 TI - [Relapsing febrile nodular nonsuppurative panniculitis (Weber-Christian disease): report of a case and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279870 TI - [Computerized tomography of the brain in patients with epilepsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279871 TI - [Ambulant tropical medicine there and here (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279869 TI - [The "idiopathic" and the "symptomatic" epilepsien (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279873 TI - [The significance of curettage in the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279872 TI - [A single onchocercoma in a young child after a two-year stay in a hyperendemic area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7279874 TI - An ultrastructural and ultrahistochemical study of the human placenta in maternal essential hypertension. AB - An electron-optical study of the placenta in essential hypertension indicates that the morphological changes seen in this disease are qualitatively very similar to those found in placentae from pre-eclamptic women: these changes are accentuated if pre-eclampsia is superimposed on essential hypertension. It is therefore suggested that the abnormalities seen in placentae from hypertensive women are due solely to ischaemia. The extent and degree of ischaemic damage suffered by the placenta is essential hypertension were, however, much less marked and extensive than in placentae from pre-eclamptic patients whilst in placentae from cases of essential hypertension complicated by pre-eclampsia there was less evidence of ischaemic damage than in placentae from cases of pre eclampsia or comparable severity developing in previously normotensive women. It is suggested that the placenta is able to adapt to a state of chronic ischaemia in a manner that it is not able to do in late onset ischaemia and that the adaptive mechanisms adopted not only limit ischaemic damage but also afford protection to the placenta against the effects of superimposed pre-eclampsia. PMID- 7279875 TI - The effect of thrombin on serum placental protein 5 (PP5): is PP5 the naturally occurring antithrombin III of the human placenta? PMID- 7279877 TI - Histomorphometry of the placenta of the diabetic women: class A diabetes mellitus. AB - Different morphometric parameters have been applied to the study of the morphological differences between a group of normal placentae and a group of placentae collected from Class A diabetic women. It has shown that although fetal weights were significantly higher in the infants of the diabetic mothers, placental weights showed only a tendency to be heavier than the gestationally matched controls, though the difference was not statistically significant. However, the placentae of the Class A diabetic mothers were shown to differ from the control group by having significantly more parenchymal and villous tissues and a higher cellular content. There were also more surface areas of exchange between mother and fetus, in terms of peripheral and villous capillary surface areas and intervillous space volume. On a functional basis, these morphological changes suggest that, in diabetes mellitus Class A, the placenta can efficiently support the growth of a large fetus, and the perinatal associated with this condition is not likely to be related to decreased or insufficient function of the placenta. PMID- 7279876 TI - Choline metabolism in placenta: evidence for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine in microsomes via the methylation pathway. AB - Microsomes from human, mouse and rat placenta were found to contain enzymatic activity which methylates the phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME) and phosphatidyl-N,N dimethylethanolamine (PDME) to form phosphatidylcholine (PCh) with 3H-methyl-S adenosyl-l-methionine as the methyl donor. The three labelled reaction products were isolated by solvent extraction and separated on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates. The endogenous methyltransferase activity was low, indicating that the methylation pathway is quantitatively not important for the synthesis of free choline to meet the fetal needs. The distribution of 3H-methyl among PMME, PDME and PCh revealed fairly even labelling of all products when analysed by TLC. Addition of authentic PE, PMME and PDME to a level of approximately 2.5 mM stimulated the incorporation of 3H-methyl into the total lipid-soluble fraction with all three substrates, but was most pronounced with PMME. Present observations suggest that all three methylation steps were catalysed by one enzyme with a pH optimum of 9.0 in a reaction that does not require Mg++. PMID- 7279879 TI - Short review: ultrasound in the estimation of human intrauterine placental growth. PMID- 7279878 TI - Short communication: the influence of perfusion in situ on lactate and pyruvate levels in guinea pig placenta. AB - 1. The effect of perfusion in situ on the guinea pig placenta has been investigated using the tissue levels of lactate and pyruvate as biochemical indices. 2. Lactate levels in perfused placentae (10.22 mM) were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than in non-perfused placentae taken from the same animal, i.e. internal controls (16.39 mM). The concentration of lactate is perfused placentae was similar to that in control placentae taken from animals immediately after induction of Nembutal anaesthesia. 3. It may be concluded that perfusion in situ prevents the significant rise in lactate concentration which is seen in paired-control placentae. PMID- 7279880 TI - [Synthesis of trypsin polymer derivatives with single-point binding of the polymer-modifier and protein]. AB - In order to produce carbon-chain covalent "star-like" conjugates of trypsin, the latter was modified by attachment of fragments containing the reaction-capable azo-bond and then N-vinyl pyrrolidone was polymerized on the resultant high molecular weight initiator. The molecular weight and proteolytic activity of the compounds were determined, and their thermal stability and resistance to autolysis were investigated. It was shown that the trypsin modified by poly-N vinyl pyrrolidone of different molecular weights acquired greater resistance to autolytic and thermal denaturation. The spectropolarimetric examination of the conformation properties of the modified trypsin forms at varying pH demonstrated that attachment of azo-bond containing fragments to the enzyme molecule destabilized its native structure in acidic pH areas while subsequent poly-N vinyl pyrrolidone modification increased the area of pH-stability of the conjugate as compared to the native trypsin. PMID- 7279881 TI - [Immobilized lipase from Rhizopus oryzae 14-14]. AB - Properties of lipase immobilized from Rhizopus oryzae 14-14 immobilized on inorganic supports-aluminium oxide and silica gel-were investigated. Aluminium oxide immobilized lipase retained 23% of its initial activity when tributyrin was used as substrate. pH optimum of action of immobilized lipase was at 8.75, i.e. it was shifted toward the more alkaline area as compared to pH optimum of the non immobilized enzyme which was in the area of 7.0-7.8. The temperature optimum of action of the immobilized enzyme was 50 degrees, i.e. it was at higher temperatures than that of the initial enzyme. PMID- 7279882 TI - [Principles and methods of using apparatus for plasmocytapheresis with donors and patients]. PMID- 7279883 TI - [Viral hepatitis morbidity in blood recipients]. PMID- 7279884 TI - [Ways of creating cryoprotective agents]. PMID- 7279885 TI - [Heterogeneity of the stromal precursor cells of human and guinea pig bone marrow]. PMID- 7279886 TI - [Determination of the granulocyte-macrophage precursors in mouse embryonic liver by the agar diffusion chamber method]. PMID- 7279887 TI - [Case of pernicious (B12-deficit) anemia lasting over 50 years]. PMID- 7279888 TI - [A method of erythrocyte cryopreservation with a 20% glycerin content in the cryoprotective solution]. PMID- 7279889 TI - [Use of VM 26 (epipodophyllotoxin) in treating acute leukemias and lymphomas in the adult]. PMID- 7279890 TI - [Clinical and prognostic significance of the kinetic parameters of tumor growth in acute leukemia]. PMID- 7279892 TI - [Correction of intestinal dysbacteriosis with biological preparations in acute leukemia]. PMID- 7279893 TI - [Problems of gravitational surgery]. PMID- 7279894 TI - [Characteristics of the initial manifestations of lymphogranulomatosis in children of different age groups]. PMID- 7279891 TI - [Intestinal and skin microflora changes in acute leukemia patients during decontamination]. PMID- 7279896 TI - [Bone marrow fibroblast colony formation (CFU phi) efficiency in hematologically healthy persons]. PMID- 7279897 TI - [Significance of thromboplast in the occurrence of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome]. PMID- 7279895 TI - [Bone marrow stromal precursor cells (CFU phi) in acute leukemia]. PMID- 7279898 TI - [Hemostatic disorders in the generalized form of meningococcal infection]. PMID- 7279899 TI - [Thrombocytic hemostasis in erythremia]. PMID- 7279900 TI - [Diagnostic criteria in hereditary hypoproconvertinemia]. PMID- 7279901 TI - [Status and means of improving the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 7279902 TI - [Determination of tuberculin sensitivity in children]. PMID- 7279903 TI - [Effect of corticosteroid hormones and pyrogenal on the humoral factors of natural immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7279904 TI - [Lymph node tuberculosis of the ductus arteriosus in children]. PMID- 7279905 TI - [Pulmonary form of toxoplasmosis in children]. PMID- 7279906 TI - [Bronchography with visotrast B in bronchopulmonary pathology]. PMID- 7279907 TI - [Ultrasonic echotomography of the liver in pulmonary tuberculosis and other diseases]. PMID- 7279909 TI - [Viral hepatitis B and the antigen carrier state in tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 7279912 TI - [Desquamative interstitial pneumonia]. PMID- 7279911 TI - [Dynamics of the rosette formation indices in the experimental tuberculosis chemotherapy process]. PMID- 7279908 TI - [Ultrasonic scanning in renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7279913 TI - [Methodological instructions for classifying tuberculosis foci and for the performance and quality control of disinfection measures in tuberculosis]. PMID- 7279910 TI - [Effect of the inhalation of ultrasonic aerosols of tuberculostatic and pathogenetic agents on the bronchial mucosal ciliary apparatus in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7279914 TI - [Sequelae of past tuberculosis as a cause of disability]. PMID- 7279915 TI - [Level of health knowledge of industrial workers in matters of tuberculosis]. PMID- 7279917 TI - [Treatment results in lower-lobe pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7279916 TI - [Evaluation of blood cytogenetic changes in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7279918 TI - [Treatment of nonspecific endobronchitis in pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 7279919 TI - [Course of primary tuberculosis in combination with helminth infestations]. PMID- 7279920 TI - [Capillary blood flow in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with various bronchial states]. PMID- 7279921 TI - [Microcirculatory changes in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7279922 TI - [Use of BCG vaccine as a radioprotector]. PMID- 7279923 TI - [Nontubercular mycobacteria in the environment]. PMID- 7279924 TI - The rate of amino acid nitrogen and total nitrogen accumulation in the fetal lamb. PMID- 7279926 TI - Vitamin B12 absorption from fish. PMID- 7279927 TI - Neural and metabolic control of blood flow to respiratory muscles of rabbits. PMID- 7279928 TI - C-reactive protein as a mediator in the lysis of human erythrocytes sensitized by brown recluse spider venom. PMID- 7279925 TI - Uterine serotonin and receptor blockade during estrogen-induced uterine hyperemia. PMID- 7279929 TI - Compensatory increase in adrenal weight and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity after unilateral adrenalectomy: experimental evidence for a pineal-dependent contribution. PMID- 7279930 TI - Transmural absorption of pyridoxine. HCL in vitro in the rat jejunum. PMID- 7279931 TI - Tilorone-mediated protection against murine B16 melanoma. PMID- 7279934 TI - Measurement of thrombocytopoiesis in W/Wv mice with evidence for an abnormality of sulfate metabolism. PMID- 7279932 TI - Prolactin release from rat anterior pituitary cell culture following medium replacement. PMID- 7279935 TI - Effect of weight-reducing diet on the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7279933 TI - The effect of vitamin D deficiency on bone replacement. PMID- 7279936 TI - The use of stereology demonstrated by the evaluation of man's cerebral cortex. PMID- 7279938 TI - The numerical densities of alpha and gamma motoneurons in lamina IX of the cervical cord of the rat: a method of determining the separate numerical densities of two mixed populations of anatomically similar cells. PMID- 7279937 TI - Stereology of colonic adenomata. PMID- 7279939 TI - The aging of cortical cytoarchitectonics in the light of stereological investigations. AB - With the help of stereological procedures quantitative results concerning the aging of the human cortex could be found. 1. Older brains shrink less during the histological treatment than younger ones. 2. The neuronal density does not change in all four estimated areas (Brodman 6, 7, 11, 17). 3. In two areas (frontal lobe) a statistical significant decrease of neuronal cell size could be found. The conclusion allows the statement that the various parts of cortex age differently. PMID- 7279940 TI - Transitional and lymphoid cells in the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 7279942 TI - Stem cells in the circulation. PMID- 7279941 TI - Response of marrow adipocytes to hypoxia and rebound. PMID- 7279944 TI - Changes in bone marrow following sub-lethal irradiation. PMID- 7279945 TI - The control of haematopoietic stem cell proliferation by humoral factors. PMID- 7279946 TI - The regulation of the haematopoietic stem cell compartment in foetal liver. PMID- 7279947 TI - Three-dimensional electron microscopy of the respiratory tree in the mammalian lung. PMID- 7279943 TI - Structure and function of sinusoidal endothelium of bone marrow. AB - The endothelium of marrow sinuses is the site of cellular and molecular exchange between the circulation and the hemopoietic compartment. Here, mature cells are delivered into circulation by passing through the cytoplasm of a single endothelial cell. Similarly, stem cells are probably trapped here. The endothelium which is structurally polarized, and shows segmental surface differentiations, can maintain a gradient for a variety of substances between blood and marrow (the marrow-blood barrier). Transendothelial cell migration involves channel formation through fusion-fission reorganization of the membrane. The endothelium is involved in other interactions particularly with perisinal macrophages. Little is known of the surface characteristics of the endothelium, an area that may help the understanding of how the cell can selectively exchange cells and molecules between the marrow and blood. PMID- 7279948 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of normal and anovulatory human ovaries. PMID- 7279950 TI - Gap junctions in Theca internal cells of developing and atretic follicles. PMID- 7279951 TI - Ultrastructural differentiation of Leydig cells in the testis of 17-day-old chick embryo and newly hatched chickens. PMID- 7279949 TI - 3-D microanatomy of human reproductive organs. PMID- 7279953 TI - Morphogenesis of the ovary from the sterile W/Wv mouse. PMID- 7279952 TI - Cellular interrelationships in the human fetal ovary and testis. AB - Information on the cellular changes involved in human gonadal maturation has increased considerably in recent years with the introduction of special techniques for coordinating structural and functional analyses. An approach that appears to be particularly promising is the use of freeze-fracture techniques. Utilizing this method, we have demonstrated the formation of specialized intercellular junctions in the developing ovary and testis. Studies in several species have indicated similar findings which relate to the formation of the blood-testis barrier and the coordination of cellular activity involved in steroidogenesis. Further progress in understanding of maturational changes in the developing gonads will depend on continuing correlation of structural and functional changes in specific cell populations. PMID- 7279954 TI - Gross internal structure of the human kidney. PMID- 7279955 TI - The vascular anastomoses of the human heart. AB - Several types of vascular anastomoses were found in the normal human heart which mainly represent the increase in calibre of pre-existing channels in response to certain stimuli such as total or partial occlusion of the coronary arteries, generalized hypoxia, anaemia, bodily exercise, drugs, etc.. The heart circulation though looking rather simple with several types of vessels with different going in and out orifices, is in fact, extremely complex. We could show with this new technique different kind of anastomoses in normal hearts, between the same type of vessels, between vessels and heart chambers and between different types of vessels. PMID- 7279958 TI - Lysosomal histochemistry in relation to a synchronizer. PMID- 7279957 TI - Circadian changes of lysosomal enzyme activities in rat hepatocytes using ultracytochemistry. PMID- 7279956 TI - Fluctuations in nuclear and cytoplasmic size of vaginal and buccal epithelial cells reflect the time of the ovulation as well as the time of the day. PMID- 7279960 TI - Circadian stage dependence in radiation: response of dividing cells in vivo. AB - 1) When the mouse corneal epithelium wa irradiated with one dose or ionizing radiation, the effect on mitosis varied depending upon the time in the 24-h period when it was irradiated. 2) Release of the radiation-induced mitotic block, as measured by appearance of a recovery wave of mitotic cells, occurred only during the daily increase in mitotic index in the control animals. 3) The entire wave of recovery occurred within the same time as the controls, and no rebound was seen. 4) Mitotic delay was dose-dependent. 5) The results of these experiments emphasize the importance of considering the circadian system when studying cell division in vivo. PMID- 7279959 TI - Circadian system and teratogenicity of cytostatic drugs. AB - Pregnant mice were injected once with cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg) or Th-R (N mustard, 2 mg/kg) at one of four different day-times (07.00, 13.00, 19.00, 01.00) on the 12th day of gestation. In a therapeutic dose both alkylating neoplastic agents induced teratogenic effects relative to the maternal circadian cycle. The highest incidence of malformations due to maternal treatment with cyclophosphamide was found to be associated with the dark to light transition (07.00), whereas the lowest occurred at 01.00. In contrast, the teratogenic action of Th-R was strongest at the onset of darkness (19.00) and lowest at 07.00. The mean embryotoxicity of both compounds was subjected to seasonal modifications, being highest during spring and summer and lowest during winter. - The observations indicate that for the evaluation of the teratogenic potentialities of drugs, rhythms cannot be neglected. PMID- 7279962 TI - Nyctohemeral and seasonal variations in the number of tritiated thymidine labelled cells in the epiphyseal cartilage of the tibia in the growing rat. Effect of lighting duration and temperature. PMID- 7279961 TI - Circadian host and tumor rhythms in Balb/C mice, rhythm induction in Harding passey Melanoma. AB - The Harding-Passey melanoma in Bal/C or CD2F1 female mice shows, in light synchronized (LD12:12) undisturbed animals, no detectable circadian rhythm in cell proliferation as gauged by 3H-thymidine uptake in DNA. Manipulation of the animals and saline injection (.2 ml/20 gm), hydroxyurea injection (10 mg/ .2 ml/20 gm), and ACTH-17 (HOE 433) (.4 IU/ .2 ml/20 gm) induced a statistically significant circadian variation detected in several studies 4-24 and 16-36 hours after the treatment, only if the injection is given at the beginning of the light phase (LD12:12). Thus, tumor synchronization in this model is critically dependent upon the circadian stage of administration of the synchronizing agent. Endogenous and exogenous ACTH seem to be the synchronizing agent. Hydroxyurea in the dose given shows no additional effect. PMID- 7279963 TI - Seasonal variations in the direction of growth of the mandibular condyle. PMID- 7279964 TI - The role of suprachiasmatic nucleus afferents in the central regulation of circadian rhythms. PMID- 7279966 TI - Circadian variation in the proportion of cells in cell cycle phases in hamster tongue epithelium measured by flow microfluorometry. PMID- 7279965 TI - Chronobiological aspects of the mammalian pineal gland. AB - Pineal melatonin production is highly cyclic and depends on alternating periods of light and darkness. Peak melatonin synthesis occurs during the dark phase of the light: dark cycle. Interruption of the sympathetic nerve supply to the pineal gland, exposure of the animals to continuous light, or the administration of a beta-adenergic antagonist obliterates the daily rise in pineal melatonin levels. At least in hamsters, circulating gonadal steroids seem to have minimal influence on the circadian rhythm in melatonin production. PMID- 7279967 TI - Circadian rhythmic variations of the relative number of binucleated liver cells in rats. PMID- 7279969 TI - Gel electrophoretic separation of globin chains. AB - The globin chains of human embryonic, fetal, and adult hemoglobins can be separated by electrophoresis on gels containing polyacrylamide, acid, urea, and Triton X-100. Whole hemolysates are used, and only microgram quantities are required. The order of the major human erythrocyte proteins, from anode to cathode, is zeta, epsilon, carbonic anhydrase, A gamma, delta and G gamma together, beta, and alpha. Protein composition can be measured on Coomassie blue stained disc gels, and protein synthesis on fluorograms of slab gels containing 3H-leucine-labelled material. These gels have been used to examine the ratio of G gamma to A gamma in blood from fetuses and newborn infants, and to suggest that the switch from A gamma to G gamma during ontogeny may not be linked to the switch from gamma to beta production. beta/gamma synthetic ratios were determined in fetuses at risk for thalassemia. Embryonic and fetal globin synthesis ratios were measured in hemin-induced human erythroleukemia cells K562 in tissue culture. Fetal globin synthesis and the proportion that was of the "fetal" type (G gamma approximately 70%) was studied in erythroid colonies grown in plasma clot cultures from adult, newborn, and 6 month infant specimens. The gels provide a rapid, simple, and inexpensive approach to many problems of globin composition and synthesis. PMID- 7279970 TI - Reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography of globin chains: its application for the prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassemia. AB - The separation of alpha, beta, G gamma and A gamma globin chains by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography has been studied using columns of octadecylsilyl-silica. All separations were performed in solvent mixtures of water and acetonitrile acidified with phosphoric acid or the hydrophobic ionpairing reagent trifluoroacetic acid. The addition of trifluoroacetic acid or the chaotropic agent NaClO4 to the mobile phase increased the resolution and the peak sharpness of the eluted globin chains. The use of decreasing gradients of TFA or NaClO4 and chromatography at 40 degree were useful steps for the separation of alpha and beta globin chains, a prerequisite for the successful application of this method for the prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassemia. The beta/gamma synthetic ratio obtained from blood samples taken by fetoscopy from normal fetuses and fetuses with beta-thalassemia trait were measured simultaneously by CM-cellulose chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography. The values obtained by HPLC were very similar but slightly lower than those obtained by CM-cellulose chromatography. The new method is fast and accurate and will prove to be useful for prenatal diagnosis involving globin chain separation. PMID- 7279968 TI - High performance liquid chromatography in the identification of human hemoglobin variants. AB - A description is given of the nature of column packings for reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and of the equipment that is available for HPLC procedures. HPLC methods have been applied to the identification of abnormal hemoglobins. In most instances, the variant peptide(s) is easily detected on the chromatogram. The effect of differences in column packings and developer sequences is described; modifications in either provide many means for achieving desired separations. Thus, HPLC separates peptides well and is a rapid, sensitive method for studying hemoglobin. Although the emphasis has been on the examination of peptides of abnormal hemoglobins, the procedure can be extended to other aspects such as the separation of hemoglobin chains themselves. PMID- 7279971 TI - Chromatographic analysis of glycosylated hemoglobin. PMID- 7279972 TI - Study of hemoglobin synthesis by affinity chromatography on Sepharose haptoglobin. AB - An affinity chromatography system, using haptoglobin bound covalently to Sepharose 4B, has been developed to purify human hemoglobin from soluble non-heme proteins. Agarose-haptoglobin specifically binds hemoglobin. Globin chains were eluted from the agarose-haptoglobin after removal of the heme. This method has allowed accurate measurements of globin chain synthesis in blood and bone marrow samples from adults and in culture of early erythroid precursors present in adult blood or bone marrow. PMID- 7279973 TI - Pathophysiological effects of endotoxins at the cellular level. Based on proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. PMID- 7279975 TI - [Essential oils and fragrances considered from a cultural-historical viewpoint]. PMID- 7279976 TI - [[Spontaneous tumors of Tupaia. Medical aspects of a new experimental animal]. PMID- 7279977 TI - [Feasibility and limitations of MASCA models (multivariate structure-activity analysis in combination with multivariate bioassay]. PMID- 7279974 TI - [Bioavailability of oral papaverine, and attempted improvement]. PMID- 7279979 TI - Inhibitory effect of naloxone on the ethanol-induced antinociception in mice. PMID- 7279980 TI - "In vitro" inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase by carnitine isomers. PMID- 7279981 TI - Potentials of chromatographic methods in assessing the bioavailability and the pharmacokinetics of drugs. PMID- 7279982 TI - [Biopharmaceutical aspects of pharmaceutical technology]. PMID- 7279983 TI - [International pharmaceutical activities with respect to optimization of therapy]. PMID- 7279984 TI - Synthesis and biological activities of quinoline hydrochlorides as anthelmintics. AB - In the present paper twenty five benzene substituted-4-amino quinoline derivatives were synthesized by condensation of 4-chloroquinolines with alkyl p aminobenzoate or salicylate. The compounds were screened for antiacetylcholinesterase activity and also anthelmintic activity against Hymenolepis nana. Some of these compounds have shown interesting results. PMID- 7279986 TI - [Studies on the reaction of plastics with drug solutions. Part 3: The effects of the pigment content and of the colouring techniques (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of the pigment content and of the colouring technique on stress cracking are demonstrated by the example of the low-density polyethylene Mirathen A 13 EA. A 99% aqueous nikethamide solution was used as the drug solution. The sorption increased as the pigment content increased, which testifies to a relationship between the amount of the medium sorbed and the pharmaceutical ageing. PMID- 7279985 TI - New N-substituted derivatives of E-2'- and E-3'- hydroxystilbazoles-(4) of potential antimicrobial activity. PMID- 7279988 TI - Preparation of microcapsules using the n-butyl half-ester of PVM/MA coacervate system. AB - The n-butyl half-ester of the polymer polyvinyl methyl ether maleic anhydride was used for the preparation of microcapsules applying a simple encapsulation process which is less difficult to control than other methods of phase separation encapsulation. The data demonstrated that the release of the drug from the microcapsules can be controlled by changing the ratio of the amount of the drug to shell substance. PMID- 7279987 TI - The construction and uses of factorial designs in the preparation of solid dosage forms. Part 1: Effervescent acetylsalicylic acid tablets. AB - The construction and application of a fractional factorial design of the type N = 2(5-2) for the preparation of effervescent acetylsalicylic acid tablets by a new technique was demonstrated. This method involved direct compression of the tablet ingredients, dipping the tablets in a volatile mixed solvent system and subsequent removal of the solvent. With the help of a derived regression equation, the factors considered most likely to have a beneficial effect on tablet hardness were: the compression force, the percent of acetylsalicylic acid content/tablet, the particle size of tablet ingredients and the solvent ratio. The time of dipping was found to have an insignificant effect on tablet hardness. By following the path of the steepest ascent, effervescent acetylsalicylic acid tablets of remarkable hardness, friability and dissolution time were obtained. The optimum conditions for preparing these tablets were determined. PMID- 7279989 TI - [Studies on the kinetics of methaqualone in the course of labour (author's transl)]. AB - A 0,4 g (1598,06 mumol) dose of methaqualone was administered orally to 19 parturient at the beginning of the first stage of delivery. In comparison with former results, got from a control-group of nonpregnant and pregnant women in the last third of pregnancy, it was found a significantly prolonged biological half life and a decrease of the fictitious initial concentration. PMID- 7279978 TI - Epileptic patterns induced by some biogenic amines injected in the rat brain. PMID- 7279990 TI - In vitro detection of possible in vivo drug interactions. Part 1. The effect of hydrochlorothiazide and frusemide on the in vitro absorption characteristics of propranolol hydrochloride. AB - The Sartorius absorption simulator was used as a device to detect possible in vivo gastrointestinal tract drug interactions. The drugs chosen were propranolol hydrochloride and two diuretics (namely hydrochlorothiazide and frusemide) commonly used in conjunction with propranolol hydrochloride for the treatment of hypertension. The results show that the presence of both diuretics increased the intestinal absorption rate constant and the percentage diffused of propranolol hydrochloride. Moreover, the presence of propranolol hydrochloride also caused the intestinal absorption rate constants and the percentages diffused of both diuretics to be increased. PMID- 7279992 TI - [In vivo antimycotic effect of topically applied morpholine (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of morpholine in the cure of experimental mycosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulosum was studied. In all experiments the ointment or gel containing 10% morpholine. The liberation constant of the ointment and gel was k = 1.243 x 10(--1) x k(--1) and k = 3.713 x 10(--1) x k(- 1) respectively. After treatment with the ointment or gel on the guinea pig skin, a cure of mycosis was observed. The antimycotic effect of morpholine was demonstrated in histopathological, mycological and clinical study. The effect of morpholine was compared with cream Canesten "Polfa". PMID- 7279991 TI - [Multivariate Free-Wilson analysis (author's transl)]. AB - The interpretation of drug effects is improved if various biological variables are regressed against a Free-Wilson matrix (multivariate QSAR [5]. For instance, the time-dependent QSAR demonstrates that substituent effects are nonstationary. PMID- 7279993 TI - [Pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical evaluation of acetylaminonitropropoxybenzene (Falimint). 1. Studies on the purity of active substances]. PMID- 7279994 TI - [Pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical evaluation of acetylaminonitropropoxybenzene (Falimint). 2. Purity studies with a multi-stage phase solubility analysis and evaluation]. PMID- 7279995 TI - [A modified fluorimetric method for the determination of propranolol in human plasma]. PMID- 7279996 TI - [Stability and stabilization of urea- and prednisolone-containing emulsion ointments]. PMID- 7279997 TI - Branching in structure-toxicity relationships applied to organophosphorus pesticides of the DDVP (dichlorvos) type: a novel phenomenon in QSAR. PMID- 7279998 TI - Quantitative structure-reactivity and structure-toxicity relationships of reactivators of phosphylated acetylcholinesterase. PMID- 7279999 TI - [Refractometric determination of the fat base content in emulsion ointments (author's transl)]. AB - The Pharmacopoeia of the GDR provides no direct method for the determination of the fat base content in ointments. The indirect determination which is due to in calculating the difference between 100% and the percentages of all the other constituents is tedious and inexact. For this reason, it was tried to find a direct method which was to be reliable, rapid and easy. In principle, the refractometric method divised by Rudischer [2--5, 9] for the determination of fat in meat and meat products, which has been compulsory since 1965, is suitable for this purpose. Consequently, this method was adapted to the requirements of ointment analysis and subjected to modifications which resulted in the variant A for non-ionic ointments, and the variant B for ointments containing ionic fatty alcohol sulphates. The results obtained with the refractometric method from all kinds of ointments tested were in full agreement with the actual fat contents. Parallel determinations differed by 0.5% at the most. PMID- 7280000 TI - In vitro detection of possible in vivo drug interactions. Part 2: A study of the effect of hydrochlorothiazide and frusemide on the partition coefficient and solubility characteristics of propranolol hydrochloride. AB - The apparent partition coefficient (Kapp.) of propranolol hydrochloride alone and in the presence of hydrochlorothiazide and frusemide were determined between chloroform and artificial intestinal juice. Both diuretics significantly reduced the relatively high Kapp. of propranolol hydrochloride. On the other hand, the relatively low Kapp. of both diuretics were significantly increased by the presence of propranolol hydrochloride. Also in vitro solubility studies were carried out using the Sartorius solubility simulator. The frequently prescribed therapeutic combination of propranolol hydrochloride tablets and either hydrochlorothiazide or frusemide tablets seems, on the whole to have similar in vitro solubility patterns when compared to those of the individual drugs. However, the mutual effects on the apparent partition coefficient revealed in the present work can be one of the factors responsible for improving the in vitro absorption of propranolol hydrochloride and the diuretics when present together. PMID- 7280001 TI - Physical properties and dissolution profiles of acetaminophen and acetylsalicyclic acid tablets made from sucrose-based vehicles. AB - Di-pae, Sugartab and Nu-Tab were used as direct compressible vehicles for acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid tablets. Direct compressible grades on lactose and Avicel were used as vehicles for comparison. Three different packing fractions were employed for tabletting acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid. The physical properties and dissolution characteristics of the prepared tablets depend on their packing fraction i.e. the mechanical strength, and disintegration and dissolution time are lowest at the lowest packing fraction and vice versa. It was found that the time required for maximum dissolution rate (t90) of drug was usually longer than the disintegration times of tablets and also t90 of acetylsalicylic acid was found to be faster than that of acetaminophen with all tested vehicles. PMID- 7280002 TI - [Hepatotoxicological studies of pyrazolone derivatives on rats. Part 1: The study of aminophenazone (author's transl)]. AB - After oral application of aminophenazone to animals (170 and 340 mg/kg daily, over up to 17 weeks), the authors investigated the effect of this drug on some liver functions and performed also a morphological study. They found that aminophenazone produces an increase of the smooth ER, peripheral fatty degradation and reactive-inflammatory responses of the liver, the intensity of these phenomena being dependent upon the dose and time of application. The increase of the smooth ER is the expression of the inductive effect which persists throughout the whole experimental period and manifests itself by accelerated degradation of hexobarbital, increased N-demethylation, increased ascorbic acid synthesis and increased liver weight. The increase in body weight is reduced in the animals treated. The enzyme activities in the plasma lie within the range observed with control animals; they are no indicator of the slight live changes stated. Reactive metabolites and/or the impairment of other metabolic reactions may be considered to be the cause of the hepatotoxic effect of aminophenazone. PMID- 7280003 TI - [Comparison of the release of hydroxyquinoline sulfate and hydroxyquinoline sulfate-potassium sulfate from topical preparations]. PMID- 7280005 TI - Grouped observations in quantitative structure-toxicity relationships of organophosphorus poisons. PMID- 7280004 TI - Response surface optimization to neurotoxic organophosphorus poisons. PMID- 7280006 TI - Low molecular weight inhibitors of lymphocyte transformation. AB - A variety of factors isolated from bovine thymus have been found to inhibit the transformation of human and mouse lymphocytes. The majority of this activity fractionates as low molecular weight material by ultrafiltration or column chromatography. Three distinct fractions of low molecular weight have been isolated. One fraction contains the polyamines spermine and spermidine. A second fraction contains thymidine or thymidine-like nucleotides. The third fraction appears to be polypeptide in nature, and gives an estimated molecular weight of 500--600, is heat and pH stable, and is easily extracted by solutions containing organic solvents. Preliminary steps in the isolation of this inhibitor are presented, and its relationship to other immunosuppressive and anti-mitotic agents is discussed. PMID- 7280008 TI - Adrenaline sensitive adenylate cyclase in human gastric mucosa. AB - Basal and adrenaline-stimulated adenylate cyclase (AC) was studied in biopsy specimens of the gastric and duodenal mucosa from 112 individuals. AC activities were log normally distributed. AC of fundic and antral gastric mucosa responded to adrenaline in a concentration-dependent manner, that of the duodenal mucosa did not respond to adrenaline. The degree of activation in biopsies of normal gastric mucosa was similar to that of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis or patients antrectomized according to the Billroth method. AC in biopsies from cimetidine-treated peptic ulcer patients was less sensitive to adrenaline than AC in biopsies from untreated patients. The threshold concentration of cimetidine to inhibit adrenaline-stimulated AC in vitro was 10(-6) mol/l. The data provide evidence of an adrenaline-sensitive AC in cells other than parietal cells and show an inhibitory action of cimetidine on the catecholamine-sensitive AC in the human gastric mucosa. PMID- 7280009 TI - Effects of creatine administration on experimental liver fibrosis and on creatine and phosphocreatine content of rat muscle. AB - Creatine administration has no effect on the induction of liver cirrhosis caused by CCl4 in the rat. The muscle creatine content decreases in rats given CCl4 and this change is not modified by creatine treatment. Administered on its own it depresses the level of muscle creatine in normal rats. Creatinine administration increases the uptake of radioactive creatine by the muscle. PMID- 7280007 TI - Effect of liposome encapsulation of a fluorescent dye on its uptake by the lymphatics of the rat. AB - The fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein (CF), entrapped in liposomes and administered by intraduodenal injection to thoracic duct-cannulated rats, was not detected in thoracic duct lymph at any time after dosing. However, the dye was present in blood, and in higher concentration in portal than in systemic blood. Similarly, free CF given intraperitoneally (i.p.) appeared to be absorbed into portal blood and was quickly cleared from the circulation, with less than 1% of the injected dye being recovered in thoracic duct lymph within 24 h after dosing. In contrast, 27% of the injected CF was recovered in thoracic duct lymph of rats receiving CF/liposomes i.p. These findings indicate that liposomal entrapment effectively limits passage of CF into the splanchnic blood vessels while enhancing the lymphatic uptake of the dye from the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 7280011 TI - CSF-endorphins in heroin addicts during methadone maintenance and during withdrawal. AB - Seventeen opiate-dependent subjects accepted for methadone maintenance treatment were housed in a closed metabolic ward. They stayed drug-free for 3 weeks before methadone treatment was started. One sample of cerebrospinal fluid was taken immediately before the first methadone dose and another sample was taken after the patient had received methadone daily for 3 weeks. Fraction I and II endorphin levels were frequently pathological on both occasions, either elevated or reduced when compared with 19 healthy volunteers. Subjects with pathological pre treatment levels of both fractions seemed to respond better to the methadone treatment that those with at least one pre-treatment value within the normal range. PMID- 7280010 TI - Clostridium difficile toxin. PMID- 7280012 TI - Gamma-hydroxybutyrate treatment of schizophrenia: a pilot study. AB - Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) was administered to seven chronic schizophrenic patients in the first double-blind, placebo-replacement trial of this compound. No significant drug effect in this group was obtained. Two patients became nonpsychotic during the drug trial, three got worse and two patients did not respond. The two patients who responded with improvement were augmenters, as measured by average evoked potential (EP), had low platelet MAO activity and high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homovanillic acid (HVA). A number of patients developed akathisia and dystonia during the trial, especially after receiving probenecid for lumbar puncture. Further study is warranted, possibly in a selected patient group. PMID- 7280014 TI - Guidelines for the evaluation of drugs in the elderly neuropsychiatric patient (demented and non-demented). PMID- 7280015 TI - Curiouser and curiouser. PMID- 7280013 TI - Influence of unilateral ECT on tryptophan metabolism in endogenous depression. AB - Thirteen patients with endogenous depression received an oral load of L tryptophan (100 mg/kg) before and after a series of unilateral ECT. Age-matched and sex-matched controls also received the tryptophan load twice, at intervals corresponding to those used in the patients. After the loads the level of tryptophan in serum was lower in patients than in control subjects. ECT failed to influence either baseline or postload tryptophan levels. The results are consistent with the notion of disturbances in tryptophan metabolism in patients with endogenous depression, but they fail to clarify the mechanism responsible for the antidepressant effect of ECT. PMID- 7280018 TI - The relationship between medicine and the press--a panel discussion. PMID- 7280016 TI - Reflections on residency training. PMID- 7280017 TI - What characterizes an ideal health care system? PMID- 7280019 TI - Mission Micronesia. PMID- 7280021 TI - Effects of isometric muscle training on residual limb volume, strength, and gait of below-knee amputees. AB - This study was undertaken to determine if prosthetic suspension capabilities of below-knee amputees could be improved by using biofeedback in a controlled exercise program. Improvements in muscle bulk of four amputees were assessed. Changes in transverse cross-sectional areas and suspension ability of the residual limb were measured. The effect of muscle training on gait and on muscle use patterns during gait was observed. Marked increases in muscle bulk below the knee and improvement in suspension capabilities were seen in two of the subjects, and somewhat lesser improvements were seen in the remaining two subjects. From these changes, one could modify prosthetic designs to take advantage of the residual limb muscles for suspension. For this reason, training the below-knee amputee to exercise the residual limb musculature should become part of routine physical therapy management. In this study, biofeedback was proven to be a useful tool for the reeducation of the residual limb musculature. PMID- 7280020 TI - Neural regulation of cardiovascular response to exercise: Part II. AB - The changes in circulatory system behavior occurring in response to exercise stress are integrated by the central neural circulatory control system working in cooperation with local regulatory mechanisms. The regulatory events occurring during exercise may be analyzed using a closed-loop regulatory system model of the circulation. In this model, the brain stem acts as the central integration unit determining the set point of the system and the gain of incoming signals from variables such as muscle metabolites and blood gases. Control signals reach the effector organs (heart and peripheral vascular smooth muscle) through sympathetic and parasympathetic motor fibers. Exercise acts on the system as a disturbance, initiating changes in function of effector organs. Local regulatory mechanisms act within the system without passing the central integration unit. PMID- 7280022 TI - A model for designing clinical education. PMID- 7280024 TI - Deinstitutionalization and normalization of persons with mental retardation: the role of a physical therapist in community placement. PMID- 7280025 TI - Physical therapy competencies in clinical education. PMID- 7280023 TI - Relationship between perception of joint position sense and limb synergies in patients with hemiplegia. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with hemispheric brain lesions and subsequent paresis demonstrated a correlation between the perception of joint position sense and the ability to combine component parts of the limb synergies. Twenty-one adult patients with 6-week to 87-month histories of unilateral, hemispheric, paralytic brain lesions were evaluated by each of two tests. The first test evaluated the subject's ability to combine components of the limb synergies. A pilot investigation was performed which established the reliability of the testing instruments. The correlation between the perception of joint position sense and synergy test results, .83, was significant at p less than .01. Implications for therapeutic management of the patient with hemiplegia are discussed. PMID- 7280026 TI - EMG biofeedback training for a mentally retarded individual with cerebral palsy. AB - Electromyographic biofeedback training was used to facilitate finger and wrist extension movements in a mentally retarded individual with spastic hemiplegia. The client was a 29-year-old woman with profound mental retardation and cerebral palsy as a result of postnatal meningitis. During treatment, the client demonstrated a short attention span, lack of motivation, low frustration tolerance, and increased spasticity in her left hand. The client was able to hyperextend her fingers following finger extension training, although goniometric measurements showed a marked degree of wrist flexion and wrist ulnar deviation. Therefore, training was implemented to develop wrist extension movements. Biofeedback therapy resulted in a substantial increase in active wrist extension and a marked reduction in wrist ulnar deviation. PMID- 7280027 TI - Intermittent compression for the treatment of a chronic stasis ulceration: a case report. PMID- 7280029 TI - Pictorial report form for nerve conduction studies. PMID- 7280028 TI - A portable feedback gait apparatus for five segments of footfall. PMID- 7280030 TI - Bylaws. American Physical Therapy Association. PMID- 7280031 TI - Talking pictures. PMID- 7280033 TI - Immediate compensation in bite-block speech. AB - An experiment was conducted to examine whether a bite block affects the latency and/or the quality of spoken vowels. The results suggest that vowels spoken with the bite block and vowels spoken normally were (1) of the same latency, that is, the same time elapsed between visual presentation and initiation of response; and (2) of the same quality, and that is, the acoustic measures of the vowels did not differ substantially. Moreover, there was minimal evidence of improvement in either latency or quality with practice, and minimal evidence of an effect of time pressure on the quality of bite-block vowels. A detailed consideration is given to the implications of these and other findings for two recent perspectives on vowel production. PMID- 7280032 TI - Variability of vowel formant frequencies and the quantal theory of speech: a first report. AB - This paper reports the results of a study in which variability of formant frequencies for different vowels was examined with regard to several predictions derived from the quantal theory of speech. Two subjects were required to reproduce eight different steady-state synthetic vowels which were presented repeatedly in a randomized order. Spectral analysis was carried out on the vocal responses in order to obtain means and standard deviations of the vowel formant frequencies. In the spirit of the quantal theory, it was predicted that the point vowel, /i/, /a/ and /u/ would show lower standard deviations than the nonpoint vowels because these vowels are assumed to be produced at places in the vocal tract where small perturbations in articulation produce only minimal changes in the resulting formant frequencies. That is, these vowels are assumed to be quantal vowels. The results of this study provided little support for the hypothesis under consideration. A discussion of the outcome of the results as well as some speculation as to its failure to find support for the quantal theory is provided in the report. Several final comments are also offered about computer simulation studies of speech production and the need for additional empirical studies on vowel production with real talkers. PMID- 7280034 TI - Sonority and syllabicity: acoustic correlates of perception. AB - Evidence is accumulating that native speaker-hearers are not as consistent, confident, or in agreement, on counting the number of syllables in natural utterances as is commonly assumed. There are, however, instances where speaker hearers give clear, consistent syllable counts. It is position of this paper that the unclear cases as well as the clear cases are phonetically classifiable in terms of sonority. The experiments presented here are intended to delimit what is meant by sonority in acoustic terms. PMID- 7280035 TI - On the relationship between vowel height and fundamental frequency: evidence from esophageal speech. AB - Data from esophageal speech produced by laryngectomized patients was used to provide a reexamination of major contemporary hypotheses advanced to account for intrinsic variation in vowel fundamental frequency (F0). 4 speakers provided recordings of 15 tokens of three CVC syllables [hid, hud, had]. Analysis of these utterances revealed that intrinsic variation in vowel F0 is clearly evident in esophageal speech. These findings were interpreted (1) to support neither the source-tract coupling nor the tongue-pull hypotheses and (2) to highlight the need to test alternative explanations to account for the intrinsic variation in vowel F0. PMID- 7280037 TI - Cricothyroid activity and control of voicing in Hindi stops and affricates. AB - Simultaneous recordings of voice and cricothyroid activity during speech gestures by one speaker of Hindi were made. The experimental utterances consisted of monosyllabic and bisyllabic meaningful and nonsense words containing in prestressed initial and medial and poststressed final positions the voiced and unvoiced stops and affricates from both the aspirated and unaspirated categories. All of the words were embedded in the carrier sentence 'baba - ap bolrye'. The results show markedly higher levels of cricothyroid activity for the unvoiced stops and affricates than for their voiced cognates. This cricothyroid activity appears to facilitate voicelessness through increased fold tension during unvoiced stops and affricates and thus contributes to the execution of voicing distinction in voiced and unvoiced stops and affricates. Fundamental frequency data obtained on precisely the utterances reported in this paper also seem to fit the hypothesis that unvoiced stops and affricates have higher fold tension than voiced stops and affricates. PMID- 7280036 TI - Perception-production relations in the voicing contrast for initial stops in 3 year-olds. AB - 34 children (average age 3;3) furnished perception and production data on five initial voiced-voiceless stop cognates. In addition to the usual systematic effects of place of articulation, significant individual differences were found in both mean produced values of voice onset time (VOT) and mean perceptual boundary in terms of VOT. There was a suggestion of within-sample cross-sectional age trends in both production and perception data. Some restricted correlation between the two types of data were observed and were interpreted as indicating an earlier development of perceptual cue usage than of articulatory control, possibly causative. The restriction appeared to be related to the very low variance in the perception measures. Consideration of average discrepancies between mean perception and mean production data suggested that interpretation of trends in production data may be assisted by taking a measure of the point of overlap between voiced and voiceless productions, rather than the simple average of their means. PMID- 7280039 TI - Relation between some photobiological properties of furocoumarins and their extent of singlet oxygen production. PMID- 7280038 TI - Characterization of the photoreaction between DNA and aminomethyl trimethylpsoralen using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. PMID- 7280040 TI - Involvement of near-UV-induced synthesis of serotonin in photoprotection and in potentiation of far-UV lethality in the yeast Candida guilliermondii. PMID- 7280041 TI - UV-enhanced reactivation of minute-virus-of-mice: stimulation of a late step in the viral life cycle. PMID- 7280042 TI - Photosensitized oxidation in the ocular lens: evidence for photosensitizers endogenous to the human lens. PMID- 7280044 TI - Photochemistry of retinochrome. PMID- 7280043 TI - Proton transfer in the primary process of vision. PMID- 7280045 TI - Photosensitivity in carotenoidless mutants of Micrococcus luteus (Sarcina lutea): non-photodynamic menaquinone destruction in white light. PMID- 7280046 TI - Tin chlorin-isobacteriochlorin: evidence for a reversible photoredox process. PMID- 7280049 TI - The effects of high-intensity UV-radiation on nucleic acids and their components- I. Thymine. PMID- 7280048 TI - The circular dichroism of sodium cholate solubilized rhodopsin. PMID- 7280050 TI - Relationship between structure and photobiological activity of 7-nitro-1,4 benzodiazepines. PMID- 7280051 TI - The effect of psoralens and angelicins on proteins in the presence of UV-A irradiation. PMID- 7280047 TI - Laser-UV-microirradiation of Chinese hamster cells: the influence of the distribution of photolesions on unscheduled DNA synthesis. PMID- 7280052 TI - Photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice: dose-response and the influence of dose delivery. PMID- 7280054 TI - UV-induced reversion of adenovirus 5ts2 infecting human cells. PMID- 7280053 TI - Kinetics of rhodopsin photolysis intermediates in retinal rod disk membranes--I. Temperature dependence of lumirhodopsin and metarhodopsin I kinetics. PMID- 7280055 TI - An approach to chemical characterization of human placental extracts: proteins, peptides, and amino acids analyses. AB - A procedure is described for characterization of the proteinic, peptidic, and amino-acidic components of human placental extracts. Four different preparations were analyzed. The first was an extract prepared in our laboratory from fresh on term placenta. The other three were commercial products obtained by different procedures including autolysis and sterilization. The patterns given by each type of preparation are reproducible and characteristic. PMID- 7280056 TI - Negative photophoresis suggests radiation with negative mass, momentum, and energy, with a negative photoelectric effect, and with a possible cooling effect on man. AB - Negative photophoresis occurs when light shining on a microscopically visible particle causes it to move toward the light source. Detailed experimental characteristics of negative photophoresis seem incompatible with quantum and/or classical physical postulates. Therefore it is proposed that a light source may emit a second class of radiation, one that is negative rather than positive- i.e., has negative equivalent mass, negative momentum, and negative energy. The negative momentum transferred to the illuminated particle accounts for the negative photophoresis. The negative energy of the radiation implies a negative photoelectric effect (de-excitation of electrons excited by ordinary light) consistent with observation of negative photophoresis in photoactive silver and selenium particles as reported by Ehrenhaft. Other negative photoelectric effects might well be observable by experiments of appropriate design, and may be the basis of the sensation of radiation cooling reported by von Reichenbach. PMID- 7280057 TI - Possibility of genetic coding of amino acid sequences by coherent electronic states in nucleotide chains. AB - The concept of coherent electronic states and coherent interactions in supramolecular structures is applied to the process of genetic information coding and its transcription from DNA to mRNA. A new genetic code is proposed based on the assumption of coherent electron states in linear chains of nucleotide bases. A new interpretation of codon equivalency (redundancy) is given. The number of existing amino acids is derived from the optimalization principle applied to the physical system storing the genetic information in the new code. The proposed code uses a variable number of positions or nucleotide bases along the DNA-mRNA structure to code a single amino acid in a protein. The average of this variable number must be equal to the base of natural logarithms (e = 2.7 . . .) in order to minimize the number of nucleotides required to code a sequence of amino acids. PMID- 7280058 TI - Low power microwave effects on the human electroencephalogram: supporting results of Bise. PMID- 7280061 TI - Electroencephalograms, electrocardiograms, and blood pressure of seizure-prone chicks (Gallus domesticus). PMID- 7280059 TI - The 32nd Annual Fall Meeting of the American Physiological Society. Cincinnati, Ohio, October 11-16, 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7280060 TI - Schedule-induced polydipsia in F1 hybrid rats of wild-caught and domestic Norway rats. PMID- 7280064 TI - Housing affects hyperreactivity but not obesity induced by medial hypothalamic lesions. PMID- 7280062 TI - Feline spontaneous cerebellar rhythmic activity: topographical, behavioral and spectral analysis. PMID- 7280065 TI - Punishment of food rewarded lever holding in male and female rats. PMID- 7280063 TI - Opiate antagonists and agonists and feeding in sheep. PMID- 7280066 TI - Latent learning in hippocampal-lesioned rats. PMID- 7280067 TI - Hypothalamic and midbrain control of sexual receptivity in the female rat. PMID- 7280068 TI - Self-stimulation, salicylate and ambient temperature. PMID- 7280069 TI - [Temporal course of brain stimulation--induced aversive and appetitive effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280070 TI - Tastes of fifteen halide salts following water and NaCl: anion and cation effects. PMID- 7280071 TI - The effects of selective septal lesions on theta production in CA1 and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. PMID- 7280072 TI - High sensitivity of minnow gustatory receptors to amino acids. PMID- 7280073 TI - The left-to-right difference in warned reaction times of finger movements. PMID- 7280074 TI - A versatile carrier for simply constructed wire knives and microsyringes. PMID- 7280076 TI - A non-invasive test for completeness of vagotomy to the pancreas. PMID- 7280075 TI - Cross-species rearing influences urine preferences in wild guinea pigs. PMID- 7280079 TI - Olfactory bulbectomy and gender differences in maternal behaviors of rats. PMID- 7280078 TI - A simple method of olfactory discrimination of urines for the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. PMID- 7280080 TI - Effect of ethanol on H-reflex in unanaesthetized rabbits. PMID- 7280081 TI - Testosterone reduces olfactory neophobia in male golden hamsters. PMID- 7280082 TI - Peptides with CCK-like activity administration intracranially elicit satiety in sheep. PMID- 7280077 TI - Hyperphagia is irrelevant for pheromonal emission in the rat. PMID- 7280083 TI - The role of interpeduncular connections with the tegmentum in avoidance learning. PMID- 7280085 TI - The role of plastid competition in the control of plastid inheritance in the zonal Pelargonium. PMID- 7280084 TI - Transcription of the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid in the bacterium and in crown gall tumors. PMID- 7280086 TI - Effect of Momordica charantia on blood glucose level of normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. PMID- 7280088 TI - Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on isolated atria of the guinea-pig. PMID- 7280087 TI - Effects on central dopaminergic systems of d-coclaurine and d-reticuline, extracted from Magnolia salicifolia. PMID- 7280091 TI - Antiinflammatory effect of crude extract from Guarea guidonia. PMID- 7280093 TI - Effect on chromosomes by coumarin derivatives in the dark. PMID- 7280089 TI - Antimicrobial components from Maclura pomifera fruit. PMID- 7280094 TI - Effects of saikosaponins on biological membranes. 3. Ultrastructural studies on effects of saikosaponins on the cell surface. PMID- 7280092 TI - [Composition of the steam distillation product from the leaves of juglans regia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280090 TI - Potentiating effect of sennoside C on purgative activity of sennoside A in mice. PMID- 7280095 TI - Computerized tomographic scan findings in facial fractures associated with blindness. AB - A retrospective study of 379 consecutive patients who underwent operative repair of facial fractures at the West Virginia University Medical Center was carried out. Blindness developed in at least one eye in 21 (6%) of the 379 patients studied. Le Fort II and Le Fort III fractures, frontal bone and frontal sinus fractures, severe fractures of the zygoma, and fractures of the orbital floor were associated with fractures of the lesser sphenoid wing and optic canal in 5 of the patients studied. These 5 patients had indirect optic nerve injuries, as determined by CT scan and clinical criteria, which included visual loss with afferent pupillary defect and an otherwise normal ophthalmologic examination. In addition, one other patient who was not one of the 379 patients who underwent operative repair gradually developed ipsilateral blindness as a result of indirect optic nerve injury following minimal frontal bone trauma without a fracture. The usual mechanism of injury was trauma at the level of the orbital roof. The principal findings on CT scan were those of fracture of the lesser sphenoid wing and subdural hematoma of the optic nerve sheath. The association between sphenoethmoid sinus hemorrhage and fracture of the optic canal (31%) in cases of facial trauma has been presented. The indications for optic nerve decompression have been discussed. To the authors' knowledge, there is no previous report of an optic canal fracture as diagnosed by computerized tomography in the literature. PMID- 7280098 TI - The gluteal thigh flap: a reliable, sensate flap for the closure of buttock and perineal wounds. PMID- 7280096 TI - Experience with the complications of synthetic-hair implantations. PMID- 7280097 TI - Total mammary adenectomy with histologic evaluation and immediate reconstruction. PMID- 7280100 TI - V-Y advancement of hamstring musculocuataneous flap for coverage of ischial pressure sores. PMID- 7280101 TI - Experience in monitoring the circulation in free-flap transfers. PMID- 7280102 TI - Free grafting of the omentum for soft-tissue augmentation: a preliminary laboratory study. PMID- 7280104 TI - Step osteotomy: a precise rotation osteotomy to correct scissoring deformities of the fingers. AB - A scissoring deformity of the fingers frequently results from malunion of a phalangeal or metacarpal fracture. If union occurs with rotation, the injured digit will scissor with an adjacent digit on flexion of the hand. Malrotation can be corrected by a technique of step osteotomy of the metacarpal with removal of a longitudinal strip of bone. The placement of the transverse cuts of the osteotomy determines the direction of rotational correction and the width of dorsal strut determines the amount of rotational correction. Firm fixation with two interosseous wires ensures good bony union and allows early mobilization. PMID- 7280099 TI - Gluteus maximus island musculocutaneous flap for closure of sacral and ischial ulcers. PMID- 7280103 TI - Utilization of a composite island flap employing omentum in organ reconstruction: an experimental investigation. AB - New methods for the reconstruction of the ear, nose, and breast using omentum to vascularize appropriate tissue composites of skin, bone, and cartilage are described. The initial investigation demonstrated that it is possible to obtain an island composite flap with omentum-costal cartilage-skin flap and preserve cartilage viability inside the omentum. The ear and nose were reconstructed in two stages. In the first stage, the appropriately carved cartilage and/or bony framework was covered with omentum and a skin graft, leaving the tissue composite buried subcutaneously. In the second stage, the newly reconstructed organ was exteriorized and diagnostic studies were done. The breast reconstruction was undertaken in two stages, first creating an omental island skin flap and subsequently either implanting a standard prosthesis under the flap or transferring the entire composite superiorly to better simulate the clinical reconstruction wherein the lower abdominal skin with omentum would be moved to the anterior chest. In each reconstruction a variety of diagnostic studies, including intravenous fluorescein dye, radioactive isotope uptake, and microangiography, were performed. PMID- 7280105 TI - Polymyositis, prednisone, and pheomycotic cyst. AB - An immunosuppressed patient with polymyositis presented with an apparent ganglion of the left foot. During the operative procedure, a cystic mass inconsistent with a ganglion was excised and immediately sent to the Quantitative Bacteriology Laboratory. A rapid slide examination revealed yeastlike bodies present in the tissue. The remainder of the tissue was sent to pathology for special staining. The H&E and GMS stains revealed findings compatible with the diagnosis of a pheomycotic cyst, and the appropriate cultures confirmed this. This represents an unusual opportunistic infection in an immunosuppressed host. As more patients are managed with immunosuppressive drugs, this diagnosis will need to be considered much more frequently if treatment is to be effective. PMID- 7280106 TI - Intraoperative measurements in cosmetic surgery of the face. PMID- 7280107 TI - Breast implant size selection and patient satisfaction. PMID- 7280108 TI - The inflatable silastic bag: a practical device that simplifies augmentation mammaplasty. PMID- 7280109 TI - A simple intraoperative hand-holding device. PMID- 7280110 TI - A plastic surgeon returns to Vietnam. PMID- 7280111 TI - The forehead lift. PMID- 7280112 TI - Juri scalp flap. PMID- 7280113 TI - Is postpartum atrophy of the breast an iatrogenic disease? PMID- 7280114 TI - Heparin inhibits the formation of endoperoxide metabolites in rat platelets: aspirin-like activity. AB - Amounts of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesized during the collagen-induced aggregation was much higher in citrated PRP than in heaprinized PRP implying that heparin might inhibit the synthesis of endoperoxide metabolites besides its anticoagulant action. Preincubation of citrated PRP with heparin resulted in dose dependent inhibition of the formation of TXA2 and PGE2. At the high concentration, heparin also inhibited the aggregation of citrated platelets induced by collagen indicating that heparin possesses aspirin-like activity. The significance of this finding is that the antithrombotic effect of heparin is probably due to not only its anticoagulant effect but also inhibition of the formation of arachidonic acid metabolites by platelets. PMID- 7280116 TI - Inhibition of superovulation and alteration of ova transportation in hamsters by prostaglandin and DL-204-IT, an anti-fertility agent. AB - The compound 2(3-ethoxyphenyl)-5, 6-dihydro-s-triazole- [5, 1-2] isoquinoline (DL 204-IT or L-11204) inhibited PMS-induced superovulation and reduced the number of recoverable ova in the oviducts of hamsters. PGE2 non-significantly reduced the number of ova shed but significantly decreased the number of oviductal ova. DL 204-IT was more potent than PGE2 for these effects. Administration of both compounds resulted in a complete block of ovulation. Inhibition of prostaglandin metabolism by DL-204-IT may be the cause for these effects, but no direct evidence is presently available. PMID- 7280115 TI - Methyl ethers of prostaglandins F2 alpha and I2. AB - Regiospecific monomethyl prostaglandin f2 alpha ethers (at 0-9, 0-11, and 0-15) have been prepared by total synthesis. The 9, 15-bis-ether was also prepared. The 11- and 15-monoethers have been converted to the corresponding prostacyclins. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectral comparisons indicate conformational changes associated with ether formation; nonetheless, the PGF2 alpha monoethers all retain significant biological activity: 3-420% of natural PGF2 alpha. The 9- and 15- menthyl ethers show increased selectivity for luteolytic activity as measured in the hamster antifertility (HAF) assay. In contrast the prostacyclin ethers are essentially devoid of agonist activity on both the platelet and vasculature. Prostacyclin diastereomers [5a] also lack activity and it appears that any modification at or of the C-11 or C-15 functions reduces receptor binding by at least a factor of 100. PMID- 7280118 TI - The metabolism of prostaglandin E2 is decreased by sulfinpyrazone in isolated hamster lungs. AB - The metabolism of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was decreased in isolated male hamster lungs, when sulfinpyrazone was infused into the pulmonary circulation. After pulmonary injection of 20 nmol of 14C-PGE2 the amount of 15-keto-metabolites of PGE2 was in the effluent from control lungs 4.0 +/- 0.5 nmol (mean +/- SEM) and in those from 20 mu M and 100 mu M sulfinpyrazone treated lungs 1.9 +/- 0.2 nmol (2P Less Than 0.01 compared to the control) and 1.7 +/- 0.4 nmol (2P Less Than 0.01), respectively. The amount of unmetabolized PGE2 was correspondingly increased in the effluent by sulfinpyrazone. The rate of efflux of the radioactivity from the lungs was increased by sulfinpyrazone. After injection of 10 nmol of 14C-PGE2 into the pulmonary circulation half of the injected radioactivity appeared in the effluent in 30 +/- 4 sec in control and in 15 +/- 0.7 sec (2P Less Than 0.01) in 20 mu M sulfinpyrazone experiments. Sulfinpyrazone had no effect on the activity of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in the 100.000 g supernatant fraction of homogenized hamster lungs. Thus the decreased metabolism of PGE2 in the pulmonary circulation of hamster lungs is obviously not due to the inhibition of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. A more likely explanation seems to be the decreased uptake of PGE2 into the lung cells. PMID- 7280117 TI - Effects of prostaglandins E1 and E2 on the in vitro production of immunoglobulin by human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - The effects of PGE2 and PGE1 on the response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to Pokeweed mitogen were studied. Addition of PGE2 inhibited IgM production. This effect was augmented by treating the lymphocytes with 2.0 mug/ml of Indomethacin. Addition of PGE1 alone had little effect but augmentation of IgM production was seen in cultures where the lymphocytes had been treated with Indomethacin and PGE1 then added. The results suggest that PGE1/E2 have a small but measurable effect on in vitro IgM production. PMID- 7280119 TI - Some pharmacological effects of 17(S) methyl-omega-homo-trans-delta2-PGE1 (ONO 1206). AB - 17(s) methyl-omega-homo-trans-delta2-PGE1 (ONO 1206) produced qualitatively similar effects to PGE1 in several systems. It was 18.4 and 25.6 times respectively more potent than PGE1 in inhibiting ADP-induced baboon and human platelet aggregation in vitro. Intravenous infusion of ONO 1206 in baboon also produced ex-vivo inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. However, this was accompanied by a significant fall in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. The potent relaxant effect of ONO 1206 on human respiratory tract smooth muscle in vitro suggests that this compound may be a bronchodilator in man. PMID- 7280120 TI - Platelet aggregation independent of ADP release or prostaglandin synthesis in patients with hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. AB - Platelets from patients with the Hermansky-Pudlak (HPS) syndrome are deficient in the storage pool of adenine nucleotides and serotonin. As a result, the storage pool deficient (SPD) platelets develop only single waves of clumping when stimulated by threshold concentrations of aggregating agents which cause irreversible, biphasic aggregation of normal platelets. Yet, patients with HPS either have no bleeding problems or only mild symptoms. In the present study we have evaluated the importance of prostaglandin synthesis and secretion to the irreversible aggregation of HPS platelets. Results of the study demonstrate that aspirin-treated SPD platelets, which cannot form thromboxane or undergo the release reaction on stimulation by arachidonate, can still undergo irreversible aggregation in response to thrombin and ADP if treated first with epinephrine. A mechanism of membrane modulation mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptors cooperatively linked to the endoperoxide and thromboxane receptor can secure irreversible aggregation of normal or abnormal platelets despite absence of secretion and prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7280121 TI - Influence of primary prostaglandins on isolated canine renal arteries and veins. AB - The sensitivity and contractility of isolated canine renal arteries (RA) and renal veins (RV) to primary prostaglandin compounds (PG) was studied. Studies were also undertaken to determine whether specific receptors for PGs exist in RA and RV. RA and RV exhibited potent concentration-dependent contractile responses to all the primary PGs studied, including PGA1, PGA2, PGB2, PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, PGF1 alpha and PGF2 alpha. The contractile sensitivity (based on EC50's) of canine RA to PGs was: PGB2 greater than PGB1 approximately equal to PGE2 greater than PGF2 alpha approximately equal to PGA2 approximately equal to PGD2 approximately equal to PGA1 greater than PGF1 alpha greater than PGE1, whereas for RV it was: PGB2 greater than PGB1 approximately equal to PGD2 approximately equal to PGF2 alpha greater than PGA2 approximately equal to PGA1 greater than PGE2 much much greater than PGF1 alpha approximately equal to PGE1. In terms of the ability to generate a maximum contractile response on RA, PGB2 was the most potent and PGD2 the least potent, whereas for RV PGF2 alpha and PGB2 was the most potent and PGF1 alpha and PGE1 the least potent. Canine RA failed to elicit any consistent relaxant responses to PGE1, PGE2, PGA1, and PGA2. Renal veins, however, in which tone was induced by either PGs or serotonin responded with concentration-related relaxations to PGE1; other primary PGs did not induce relaxations on isolated RV. Use of specific pharmacologic antagonists (for catecholamines, serotonin, acetylcholine and histamine) failed to interfere with any of the PG responses. The data indicate that RA and RV: a) can exhibit differential responses to primary PGs; b) exhibit structure-activity relationships for the contractile action of PGs; and c) appear to have specific receptors for primary PGs which primarily subserve contraction. PMID- 7280122 TI - Possible relationship between pulmonary hypertension and prostaglandins. AB - This study was performed on 20 children with congenital heart defect and left-to right shunt. These patients were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 10 patients with normal pulmonary arterial pressure while group II consisted of 10 patients with pulmonary hypertension. Prostaglandin Like Materials (PLMs) in pulmonary venous and arterial blood which were taken during cardiac catheterization were extracted and biologically assayed for Prostaglandin-Like Activities (PGLA) on rat stomach fundus. In all patients of group I, the ratio of pulmonary venous to pulmonary arterial PGLA levels (PV/PA-PGLA) was found to be less than one. However in group II, this ratio was less than one in only two patients. In 8 out of the patients in group II, the ratio was either 1 or greater. These data confirmed the early concepts suggesting the role of prostaglandins (PG) in regulating normal pulmonary circulation. In addition these data have suggested that PGs may have an important role in the development of pulmonary hypertension in some cardiac patients. PMID- 7280123 TI - The effect of orally administered prostaglandins on gastric mucus secretion in the rat. AB - The secretion of gastric mucus may play a role in the protective effect of prostaglandins against gastric ulcers. To investigate the effect of prostaglandins E1, E2, F1alpha, F2alpha, A1, A2 and 15 (S) 15 methyl prostaglandin E2-methyl ester on gastric mucus secretion, these prostaglandins were given orally to rats at doses of 0.1, 1.0 and 4.0 mg/kg. The anthrone method was used to analyze the amount of mucus washed from the stomach with 2 M Nacl. Gastric secretory volume effects were also observed. All of the compounds tested increased both gastric mucus and secretory volume. The most active compound was 15(S)15 methyl PGE2 Me ester. The mucus stimulating effect of these prostaglandins, when administered locally, may be relevant to the understanding of the anti-ulcer effect of prostaglandins. PMID- 7280124 TI - [Four cases of carbon monoxide poisoning treated with oxygen at high atmospheric pressure. Ameliorating process and longitudinal electroencephalographic findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280125 TI - [On a treatment of acting out -- from an experience of psychotherapeutic approach to a young delinquent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280126 TI - [Five autopsied cases of chronic diphenylhydantoin intoxication -- with special reference to the distribution of cerebellar degeneration and marked degeneration of nucleus fasciculi dorsalis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280127 TI - [An epidemiological study of deaths in mental hospitals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280129 TI - Predicting stimulant effectiveness in hyperactive children with a repeatable neuropsychological battery: a preliminary study. PMID- 7280128 TI - [On a subtype of so called transcortical motor aphasia--three cases with circumscribed lesions including the posterior parts of the left middle frontal gyrus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280131 TI - Nocturnal angina and sleep. PMID- 7280130 TI - The prolactin response in patients receiving neuroleptic therapy. The effect of fluphenazine decanoate. PMID- 7280132 TI - [Prognostic clinical criteria in comatose conditions]. AB - A total of 98 comatose patients were reclassified according to the final stage of the disease by means of the discrimination procedure after Fisher. Those neurological symptoms and general clinical data were ascertained that were most important for the separation. The order of the characteristics according to their contribution to the separation shows a dependence upon the time of the examination. The different distinctiveness and degree of intensity of neurological symptoms are of different importance to the division of the patients into certain prognostic classes. The most important studies published until now of individual neurological symptoms and other clinical characteristics for the prognosis in severe acute cerebral lesions have been compiled. PMID- 7280133 TI - [On the question of parenchyma damage caused by long-term therapy with psychotropics in adolescence]. AB - For 341 patients treated with psychotropics over different periods of time and with different dosages laboratory examinations were carried out in order to discover as far as possible toxic damage of the parenchyma of liver, kidneys, and blood-formation systems. Statistically secured differences of some liver functions and of the serum creatinine between treated and untreated patients were seen for which, however, no sufficient indication of direct toxic damage was found. The deviations were interpreted as allergic and caused by enzyme induction. PMID- 7280135 TI - [Methodological considerations and practical experiences with music therapy in psychotics]. AB - This article deals with a method that has for some years been used by the author at a psychiatric reception ward for women where mainly patients with psychosis of the manic-depressive and schizophrenic forms are admitted. This method called "Graduated Group Music Therapy" was developed from a combination of various music therapeutic techniques which were established under the aspect of a social training and co-ordinated with each other. The various techniques show a specific influence on the behaviour of the psychotics and support the development of adequate modes of behaviour via nonverbal communication systems. PMID- 7280136 TI - [Postictal hemianopia as a special form of Todd's paresis]. AB - Following the definition by Efron as well as Mayer and Portnoy, a case of a patient treated by the author with an ephemeral, spontaneously remitting visual form of manifestation of Todd's paresis is discussed. PMID- 7280137 TI - [Clinical investigation comparing trazodone and clomipramine]. PMID- 7280134 TI - [The effect of alcohol and alcohol withdrawal therapy on the concentration of carbohydrate products of metabolism and electrolytes (Na, K, Mg, Cl) in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid--changes in the oxidation-reduction in the brain]. AB - Both ethanol and ethanol-disulfiram reaction result in a lactacidosis of CSF. The Disulfiram produces hyperglycorhachia, the ethanol causes a shift of the oxidation-reduction processes in the direction to reduction. The Apomorphine has no side effects. The various treatments of alcoholics do not influence the electrolyte concentrations in the CSF. PMID- 7280138 TI - [The significance of computer tomography for the diagnosis of stroke]. AB - Today, the extension of the diagnosis of apoplexy by the employment of computer tomography is part of an important field of indications for this examination method. Experience in this respect could be obtained from a total of 1,500 patients with a share of 105 cases presenting cerebral blood supply disturbances. The unproblematic differentiation of mass haemorrhages and cerebral infarctions including the possibility of an exact assessment of the process dynamics proved to be diagnostically just as important as the differential diagnostics of intracranial haemorrhages of other origins, such as occur after a rupture of aneurysms and angiomas as well as tumour haemorrhages. PMID- 7280139 TI - [Psychotherapeutic group work with psychiatric patients--a clinical study (author's transl)]. AB - This study investigates the effects of a highly structurized therapy programme made up of different elements of psychotherapy and sociotherapy, conducted in 42 inpatients of a psychiatric hospital. Random testing of the patients was differentiated in respect of the diagnosis of a psychosis, neurosis and disturbed personality. Whereas clearly positive effects were seen in the group of neurotics (measured by means of the Freiburg Personality Inventory test before and after the therapy programme), this did not seem to apply to the group of psychotics. This group, too, included the majority of patients who discontinued participation in the programme. PMID- 7280140 TI - [On the practice of cooperation between physician and psychologist in the psychiatric hospital (author's transl)]. AB - The increasing employment of graduates in psychology (Diplom-Psychologen) in psychiatric hospitals not only expands therapeutical facilities as a result of cooperation between psychologists and physicians; it also entails structural re organisation both formally and in terms of contents, of behavioural rituals which have become routine practice within the entire hospital. The relationship between the physician and the psychologist decides on the success or failure of the activities of the psychologist in dealing with patients, nurses and institutions which are relevant for the hospital. The article reports on three years' experience in medico-psychological teamwork. PMID- 7280144 TI - Eye movements and variations in reading time. PMID- 7280142 TI - [The "Power of Being Powerless" -communication theory comments on the "Emancipative" therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Every patient is in a state of dependence in relation to his therapist, since the therapist's position is institutionally predetermined in his capacity as a person who assesses, evaluates, classifies and causes a kind of judgment on the patient's doings. If a therapist aims at encouraging his patient to become emancipated, he runs the risk of placing himself and his patient in a paradoxical position by demanding that his patient should be independent of him. This command could be obeyed by the patient only by not obeying it - and vice versa. This dilemma can be solved only if the therapist renounces part of his power and thus gives that patient enough free play for self-determination. Hence, the power of the therapist to achieve his original goal, namely, the emancipation of his patient, lies in his powerlessness. PMID- 7280141 TI - [The self-portrait of neurotic-dyssocial adolescents and its modification by therapeutico-paedagogic guidance in a special Youth Care Home (author's transl)]. AB - This empirical article describes, first of all, the self-portrait given by neurotico-dyssocial adolescents hospitalized in the Youth Care Home "Haus Sommerberg" for therapeutico-paedagogic guidance. This self-portrait, determined by means of the so-called "Giessen Test" as a diagnostic tool, is characterized by psychosocial incompetence. After the youngsters had been treated for about 2 1/2 to 3 years both psychotherapeutically and with the help of sociopaedagogic guidance effected at the "Haus Sommerberg" home, self-assessment by the adolescents was largely adapted to that of the corresponding comparative population group. In other words, treatment and guidance created a self-portrait of psychosocial competence. To test the stability of this induced change in the mental condition and ability to establish a social condition of reference, the treated persons were questioned once again 6 years after their treatment had ended. The results of this questioning showed that the changes persisted provided the duration of treatment was at least two years. PMID- 7280143 TI - [Sport therapy with psychiatric patients (author's transl)]. AB - The study shows the results obtained by introducing sport therapy into the rehabilitation phase in patients suffering from psychosis. It was found that the motor behaviour, the emotionality and social behaviour of the patients was significantly improved after a training phase of 14 weeks. Significant differences were also found in comparison to kinetotherapy and physiotherapy. The slightest amount of improvement was seen in the impulse behaviour. The article discusses the methodic consequences of these results in respect of sport therapy; the theoretical outlines of this method are explained. PMID- 7280145 TI - Fast aiming movements with the left and right arm: evidence for two-process theories of motor control. PMID- 7280147 TI - Toward meeting the scientific, technological and financial challenges of the 1980's. PMID- 7280146 TI - Presidential address, 1980. Surprise!...Surprise? PMID- 7280148 TI - Electromyographic specificity during covert information processing. PMID- 7280149 TI - Randomization test of paired data: application to evoked responses. PMID- 7280151 TI - Immediate effects of repeated and non-repeated instructions and task difficulty on task, cardiovascular, and respiratory performance. PMID- 7280150 TI - VER similarity between alcoholic probands and their first-degree relatives. PMID- 7280152 TI - Stimulus characteristics influencing estimation of heart rate. PMID- 7280153 TI - Skin conductance responses to stimulus "energy" decreases following habituation. PMID- 7280155 TI - The acquisition of autonomic control through biofeedback: the case against an afferent process and a two-process alternative. PMID- 7280154 TI - The acquisition of autonomic control through biofeedback: some tests of discrimination theory. PMID- 7280156 TI - Electrodermal orienting responses to onset and offset of auditory stimulation under nonsignal conditions. PMID- 7280157 TI - Comparison of frontal EMG biofeedback and several types of relaxation instructions in reducing multiple indices of arousal. PMID- 7280159 TI - Recent separation and the onset of peptic ulcer disease in older children and adolescents. AB - The onset of peptic ulcer disease in adolescents often appears to be preceded by a separation or loss. We attempted to review data on, or to recontact, the 59 adolescent and preadolescent patients with peptic ulcer disease (gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and hematemesis of unknown etiology) admitted to Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center between 1968 and 1979. We were able to obtain adequate retrospective data for 24 of these patients. Ten (42%) had encountered a separation or loss within 12 months of the onset of their illness. In 6 patients the event occurred within 4 weeks of admission. In a matched group of 24 appendectomy patients, 1 separation occurred in the 12 months prior to admission (mean 2 = 9.6; p less than 0.01). We conclude that in an adolescent population, a recent separation or loss may be associated with the onset of peptic ulcer disease in predisposed persons. PMID- 7280158 TI - Cardiac orienting and startle blink modification in novel and signal situations. PMID- 7280162 TI - Cardiovascular differentiation of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear following imagery and exercise. AB - This study examined cardiovascular patterns following happiness, sadness, anger, fear, relaxation, and control imagery in 32 subjects while they were seated and while they exercised. Affective imagery was an effective strategy for inducing reliable patterns of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate associated with particular emotional states. Anger, rather than fear, produced the greatest overall increases in cardiovascular measures and was distinctly opposite from relaxation. Anger differed from fear and all other conditions in terms of greater increases in diastolic pressure following imagery and greater increases in heart rate and slower recovery of systolic pressure following exercise. Sadness was unique in that systolic pressure and heart rate were virtually as high when subjects were still as when they were actually moving. Furthermore, sadness was the one emotional state that seemed to interfere with the cardiovascular adjustments normally associated with exercise. Implications of these findings for current biobehavioral models of emotion, including the role that specific emotions may play in the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular disease, are considered. PMID- 7280163 TI - Stress management: a multimodal approach. AB - This newly developed stress-management program evolved from study of the three major trends in stress research: psychological, physiological and sociological. Primarily geared to managers in an industrial setting, this program helps the individuals to reduce physiological tension via autohypnosis and alter stress producing behaviors through a number of cognitive restructuring techniques. A variety of philosophical issues are raised that relate to 'type A' behavior focusing on 'the hurry syndrome', aggression and a general balance in 'life tasks'. In addition, there is an educational component and participants are acquainted with their 'health probabilities' in terms of life style, weight, smoking and other factors. This multimodal program follows participants over a 2 year period to reinforce psycho-behavioral changes. PMID- 7280160 TI - Validation of the type A interview assessment of adolescents: a multidimensional approach. AB - The Adolescent Structured Interview (ASI), adapted from the interview that assesses Type A behavior of adults, was administered to 204 adolescents. These adolescents also completed a battery of self-report questionnaires that measured the three major components of Pattern A: competitive achievement-striving, speed and impatience, and aggressiveness-hostility. In addition, items was constructed to measure efforts to control which have been hypothesized to underlie the major manifestations of Type A behaviors. The ASI content and speech ratings were subjected to factor analytic procedures, and the relationships between the major factors, interview behaviors, impatience, and harddriving, and the appropriate test scores were examined. Dichotomization of the three factor score distributions and subsequent t-tests indicated that the factor scores have discriminative ability and are related as expected to the appropriate self-report measures of Type A behaviors. Of the three factors identified, the interview behaviors factor was most highly correlated with interview classification, while the two content factors yielded much weaker associations. Apparently, the component scores of the ASI provide unique information, in terms of relationships with relevant dependent measures, that is not provided by the interview classification alone. PMID- 7280164 TI - The ancient Greek tragedy as a means of psychotherapy for mental patients. AB - Some ancient and modern views of the beneficial effects of ancient Greek drama on the psychic processes of human beings are reported. We have used classical drama at the Dromokaition Mental Hospital as a means of psychotherapy for chronic patients since 1959. Beneficial effects noted both during the process of teaching and in performance are here described in brief. Aristotle's view that 'manics' can successfully empathize with tragic heroes and benefit from the sentiments of relief and pleasure which they derive from the events in the tragedy are explored, and the patients' own words are quoted in support of this theory. We claim that ancient drama is not merely a recreational activity for mental patients: on the contrary a unique psychotherapeutic effect is produced by the power of plot and language. PMID- 7280161 TI - The relation of personality characteristics to body image disturbances in juvenile anorexia nervosa: a multivariate analysis. AB - The relationship between Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) factors and two separate measures of body image-estimation of body size and subjective report of distorted bodily experiences-was investigated using multivariate analyses in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa. A canonical correlational analysis of these data indicated the presence of two orthogonal dimensions defining the relation between personality and body image scores. In the first canonical variate, size overestimation and subjective body image distortion were both associated with MMPI scales reflecting somatization, anxiety, and atypical thinking; in the second variate, size overestimation alone was found to be associated with introversion and depression, while subjective body image distortion aligned with somatization and atypical thinking. The results suggest that different measures of body image disturbance are associated with different personality characteristics. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of personality factors in the pathogenesis of body image disturbances in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7280165 TI - A proposed neurophysiological basis of alexithymia. AB - The possibility that alexithymia respresents a symptom of subtle brain dysfunction is discussed. Several lines of research have shown that emotional thought, behavior and, in particular, the use of affect-laden speech are influenced by impaired function of the right hemisphere or a disconnection between the two hemispheres. A patient with agenesis of the corpus callosum is presented demonstrating severe alexithymia. PMID- 7280167 TI - Alexithymic characteristics and somatic illness. AB - As part of a study on stress, the author investigated 183 women, the majority of whom were dental patients. A highly significant correlation between a high score of alexithymic characteristics and many reported somatic diseases was found in the subjects who were 40 years of age or older. PMID- 7280168 TI - Synergetic effects of cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure, and psychosocial risk factors for lung cancer, cardiac infarct and apoplexy cerebri. AB - With 1,353 inhabitants of a Yugoslavian town, a prospective investigation was carried out during the years 1965-1975. At the beginning, physical and psychosocial risk factors for cancer and other internal diseases were determined; during the next 10 years the incidence of these diseases was recorded. The strongest physical and psychosocial risk factors for lung cancer, cardiac infarct, and apoplexia cerebri were investigated with respect to 'synergetic' effects (interaction nonlinearities), i.e., a dependence of the effect of one variable upon the value of another. They were always present, and the efficacy of physical risk factors was always wholly dependent upon the presence of psychosocial risk factors, while the latter were sometimes quite effective even in the absence of physical ones. PMID- 7280166 TI - Training and brief psychotherapies. AB - The authors report their experience on a workshop centered on brief psychotherapy (the STAPP model defined by Sifneos) in a postgraduate training in psychotherapy. STAPP, its extensed frame of reference and its relatively 'easy' access to study of essential paradigms, seems to constitute a priviledged tool in training psychiatrists to-be to the fundamental psychodynamics processes involved in psychotherapy. Provided the transferential and countertransferential issues are adequately met with (in individual and group supervision), it is lived very positively by trainees as such and has, moreover, a positive carry-over in so called supportive therapies. PMID- 7280170 TI - Psychological correlates of medical illness. PMID- 7280169 TI - Controlled electroencephalographic investigation of patients with neurotic excoriations. AB - Because of the self-destructive character of neurotic excoriations (n.ex.), it is probable that relatively unmasked aggression plays a greater role than in 'normal' neurotics. In this investigation EEG abnormalities have been found for 51.9% of a group of 54 consecutive patients with n.ex. as against an abnormality frequency of 25% in a control group of neurotics without n.ex. The frequency of abnormalities in the n.ex. group is of the same level as for aggressive psychopaths, a finding which supports the above-mentioned hypothesis. In the majority of cases these abnormalities took the form of unspecific changes mainly showing bilateral theta activity. The basis of the registered left-sided preponderance of EEG abnormalities is discussed. PMID- 7280171 TI - The pain-prone disorder: a clinical and psychological profile. PMID- 7280172 TI - Why physicians fail to tell patients a psychiatrist is coming. PMID- 7280173 TI - Depression in children: a significant disorder. PMID- 7280175 TI - Diagnosis of orgnic anxiety disorders. PMID- 7280174 TI - Pseudoseizures: a neuropsychiatric diagnostic dilemma. PMID- 7280176 TI - The professional stress syndrome. PMID- 7280177 TI - Psychiatric liaison support groups for general hospital staffs. PMID- 7280178 TI - Adolescents with cleft palate: body-image and psychosocial problems. PMID- 7280179 TI - Nausea and vomiting in cancer patients: an expression of psychological mechanisms? PMID- 7280180 TI - Unrecognized anomic aphasia in an elderly woman. PMID- 7280181 TI - Supportive therapy for a patient requiring penis amputation. PMID- 7280182 TI - Effects of a combined treatment with X-rays and phenols on preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. AB - Phenols are found everywhere in the environment. Therefore, the investigation of possible interaction between phenols and radiation is of some interest. The effects of a combination of X-rays and phenols (phenol itself and p-nitrophenol) were measured by the preimplantation mouse embryo-system in vitro. The microscopic visible development up to 144 h post conceptionem (h.p.c.), the number of cell nuclei, the DNA-content of each nucleus, the mitotic index, the labelling index, and the number of micronuclei were determined. There was not any indication that the effect of the irradiation was enhanced in a synergistic manner by the presence of phenols. All parameters measured lead to the conclusion that the effects of phenols plus X-rays are, at most, additive. PMID- 7280183 TI - On the immunological detection of X-ray induced DNA damage. AB - Denatured calf-thymus DNA was X-irradiated, coupled to methylated bovine serum albumin and injected into rabbits to study the possible formation of specific antibodies. The serological activity was tested by a modified Farr-test, a micro complement binding reaction and by caesium chloride isopycnic ultracentrifugation. It was found with all assays that the immunological reaction was mainly due to unspecific DNA-binding and only a very small amount to radiation products. It seems, therefore, that this approach is not suitable for the analytical investigation of DNA damage produced by ionizing radiation. PMID- 7280184 TI - Effect of gamma radiation on the transport of spin-labeled compounds across the erythrocyte membrane. AB - The effect of ionizing radiation on the non-electrolyte, anion and cation permeability of the erythrocyte membrane was studied by measurement of the reduction rate of appropriate nitroxyl derivatives. Irradiation of bovine erythrocytes in the dose-range of 2-50 krad resulted in a regular dose-dependent increase in the reduction rates of a cation (TEMPO-choline) and a hydrophobic non electrolyte (TEMPO), and non-regular changes in the reduction rate of a hydrophilic non-electrolyte (TEMPOL). The permeation constant for TEMPO-choline also showed a non-regular response to radiation, similar to the response pattern of other red blood cell parameters. These results also demonstrate that the effects of radiation on the transport of various solutes can be used as a means of distinguishing between different channels of membrane transport. PMID- 7280185 TI - Induction of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges by X rays in density-inhibited cultures of mouse 10T1/2 cells. PMID- 7280186 TI - Modulation of in vitro transformation and the early and late modes of DNA replication of uv-irradiated Syrian hamster cells by caffeine. PMID- 7280187 TI - "Single-hit" potentially lethal damage: evidence of its repair in mammalian cells. PMID- 7280188 TI - The response of L5178y-R and L5178y-S cells to X rays under oxic and hypoxic conditions. PMID- 7280189 TI - Changes in plasma apolipoproteins following whole-body irradiation in rabbit. PMID- 7280190 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in X-irradiation-induced adenocarcinoma of the rat small bowel. PMID- 7280191 TI - Radiation response of the cells of a human malignant melanoma xenograft. Effect of hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. PMID- 7280192 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral lymphocytes after preoperative mammography. PMID- 7280194 TI - High kV chest radiography with lontomat control. PMID- 7280193 TI - Studies on the amount of single-stranded DNA present in Chinese hamster ovary cells during the repair of damage induced by X rays or methyl methanesulfonate. PMID- 7280195 TI - Low dose obstetric radiography. PMID- 7280196 TI - Routine radiographic assessment of the scoliotic spine. AB - This paper is designed to give a brief account of the radiographic criteria necessary in order to demonstrate and evaluate the scoliotic spine. However, additional specialised radiographic examinations, including myelography, angiography, laminography and intravenous urography are occasionally necessary. PMID- 7280197 TI - Trends in angiocardiography in congenital heart disease. PMID- 7280198 TI - Symposium on arthrography. PMID- 7280199 TI - Wrist arthrography. AB - Wrist arthrography is an adjunctive procedure that may be valuable to the clinician. Although it is sensitive to particular abnormalities, it lacks the specificity to completely diagnose a given condition. Information gained by arthrography can be used a supportive evidence, in conjunction with clinical and laboratory findings, to aid in the management of individual patients. PMID- 7280202 TI - Ankle arthrography. AB - Ankle arthrography allows radiologists to assess accurately the degree of damage caused by ankle sprains. Ankle sprains are a significant problem to a large number of people, particularly those who participate in sports. Proper care of these ankle injuries requires the combined expertise of many disciplines. Radiologists should be aware of the significance of these lesions and utilize all modalities, including plain films, stress films, and ankle arthrograms, when indicated, to obtain the exact pathologic diagnosis of severe sprains. The primary role of arthrography is to separate those patients who have moderate or severe sprains that may require surgery from those who will respond to more conservative therapy. Many orthopedists believe that combined lateral ligament tears, or any tear involving the deltoid ligament and perhaps the interosseous ligament, may require surgery. At the other end of the spectrum of ankle sprains, occasionally, one may not be able to distinguish between a very slight sprain and a more severe sprain with rupture of the ankle ligament. This is an important distinction, particularly in young athletes who would like to continue to play a competitive sport despite their injury. Utilizing arthrography, the orthopedic surgeon can suggest a more accurate prognosis as to whether the patient might be able to participate with proper taping. Obviously, if the patient has ruptured a ligament, it is not in the best interest of the patient to participate in a competitive sport without allowing a proper interval for healing. I heartily recommend arthrography of the ankle to any radiologist who is not yet utilizing this procedure. I believe that it can add significantly to the care of those patients who sustain ankle sprains. PMID- 7280200 TI - Elbow arthrography. AB - Arthrography of the elbow is performed infrequently, but may be quite useful in demonstrating the presence, number, and location of intra-articular loose bodies, and in evaluating articular cartilaginous surfaces. Such information may be valuable in the selection of an operative versus a nonoperative course of treatment, and, if surgery is elected, it may be useful to the surgeon in planning the operative approach and in locating the position of all of the abnormalities present. Elbow arthrography is also of occasional value in demonstrating synovial disease, evaluating certain traumatic disorders, and verifying needle position during aspiration. A useful and accurate elbow arthrogram requires careful planning and may require considerable time to perform completely. Plain radiographs should be carefully examined. Fluoroscopic observation before injection may be extremely helpful, and thoughtful selection of the type and amount of contrast medium is necessary. Adequate arthrographic films may be obtained only after careful consideration of the abnormalities to be demonstrated and their location in the joint. Tomography is almost always necessary for a thorough evaluation. PMID- 7280201 TI - Shoulder arthrography. AB - Arthrography of the glenohumeral joint is an important diagnostic tool. The procedure is easy to perform and can be accomplished without significant complications in most individuals. If care is exercised in performing the arthrogram, inadvertent injection of the subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa and soft tissue extravasation of contrast material can be avoided. Mild patient discomfort following the procedure may be diminished if small amounts of xylocaine are added to the injection material. Double-contrast or single-contrast examination can be utilized, depending upon the nature of the suspected underlying process. Arthrography of the glenohumeral joint is most useful in delineating the presence of a complete tear of the rotator cuff. It is also valuable in investigating patients with partial (inner) tears of the cuff, adhesive capsulitis, previous anterior dislocations of the joint, and articular diseases. The procedure can define subtle abnormalities of the bicipital tendon and sheath, and can demonstrate the nature of periarticular soft tissue masses. Although it is expected that additional procedures, such as subacromial bursography and arthrography of the acromioclavicular joint will be advocated in the years to come, arthrography of the glenohumeral joint will remain the most important contrast examination of the abnormal shoulder. PMID- 7280203 TI - Methodology in knee arthrography. PMID- 7280204 TI - Extrameniscal abnormalities as diagnosed by knee arthrography. PMID- 7280205 TI - Evaluation of disorders of children, adolescents, and adults without prostheses. AB - Hip arthrography is performed in order to visualize the structures which cannot be appreciated on plain films: the capsule, the synovium, and the articular cartilages. In infants and children, this contrast study also permits visualization of the cartilaginous portion of the femoral head and acetabulum. The prepubertal presence of these unossified structures makes the arthrogram relatively more informative in children than in adults. PMID- 7280207 TI - Arthrography of the temporomandibular joint. AB - The temporomandibular joint is anatomically and functionally complex. Some of its internal secrets may be delineated by careful arthrography. However, the arthrographer must pay as much attention to the dynamic joint as to static images. At the very least, TMJ arthrography has shown that there are anatomic abnormalities which account for many components of the syndrome of TMJ pain and dysfunction. Clicks, locks, perforations, and detachments, as well as their many variations, can be easily documented. As a diagnostic tool, TMJ arthrography is still in its infancy, but it should help in planning rational conservative and surgical intervention. The future for this technique is exciting. PMID- 7280206 TI - Arthrographic and radiologic evaluation of prosthetic joints. AB - Arthrography is indicated for the evaluation of a prosthetic joint for suspected infection, possible loosening based on clinical or plain radiographic findings, or unexplained pain following the insertion of a prosthesis. Interpretative difficulties most frequently occur when the acetabular component of the hip is evaluated. Also, the femoral component of a total knee arthroplasty is not optimally evaluated with arthrography. The decision to revise a loose prosthetic component is based on a clinical judgment. Arthrographic findings may facilitate this decision, but the decision does not depend solely on the arthrographic results. Rather, they must be evaluated in conjunction with other clinical and radiographic findings to eliminate false positive studies, thereby avoiding unnecessary surgery. In the presence of an equivocal arthrogram, radionuclide bone imaging shows promise as an adjunct for evaluating possible failure of a prosthetic component. It is also useful for evaluating the suspected failure of the femoral component of a knee prosthesis. PMID- 7280208 TI - Arthrography in arthritis. PMID- 7280209 TI - A is for attitude. PMID- 7280211 TI - Pinhole cameras: artifacts modifications, and recording of pinhole images of screen-film systems. AB - This paper will discuss three points concerning the x-ray pinhole camera: a) pinhole artifacts, which may erroneously be interpreted as off focus radiation, will be described along with a simple method of eliminating these artifacts, b) modifications to a commercially available pinhole camera which simplifies its use and allows for the proper leveling of the pinhole mounting plate will be presented, and c) the use of screen-film cassettes to reduce the required technique for recording the pinhole image will be discussed along with data indicating the expected error with this technique relative to dental film recording. PMID- 7280210 TI - Flood replenishment: a new method of processor control. AB - In mechanized radiographic film processors that process medium to low volumes of film, roll films, and those that process single-emulsion films from nuclear medicine scans, computed tomography, and ultrasound, it is difficult to maintain the developer solution at a stable processing level. We describe our experience using flood replenishment, which is a method in which developer replenisher containing starter solution is introduced in the processor at timed intervals, independent of the number of films being processed. By this process, a stable level of developer activity is maintained in a processor used to develop a medium to low volume of single-emulsion film. PMID- 7280214 TI - Distance-technique relationship to angulated projections. PMID- 7280213 TI - President's page. AB - The issue that is foremost in my mind as I write this communique is the effort of the ASRT to promote federal legislation that will mandate radiation protection for the consumer-patient. The ASRT has spent many thousands of dollars and many thousands of hours to promote this legislation. Every year, because of the support and dedication of interested technologists, we come a step closer to the reality of this legislation becoming law. I had the opportunity on September 5, 1980 to appear before the Subcommittee of Health and the Environment of the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce to give testimony in support of HR 6057, "Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1979." Because I believe that it is important for ALL of our members to be aware of our legislative efforts, I am enclosing my testimony that was submitted to this Committee. PMID- 7280215 TI - Radiation safety program--for diagnostic radiology departments. PMID- 7280212 TI - A regional study of sources of apathy toward membership in the American Society of Radiologic Technologists. AB - The problem of this study is to determine the reasons why registered technologists do not join The American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT). This was accomplished with an instrument developed by the authors using a modified Delphi Technique and a five item Likert scale. A stratified random sample of technologists was selected from the Houston area to response to the instrument. PMID- 7280216 TI - [Small bowel disease--an internal medical view (author's transl)]. AB - Diseases of the small intestine are occurring rarely in the average number of hospitalised patients, thus diagnosis and therapy often are difficult. Therefore the following article gives an overview of the variety of these diseases. Clinical, diagnostical, and therapeutical possibilities are taken into special consideration. Malabsorption syndromes, gastroenteropathies with loss of proteins, enteritic diseases, tumors and anomalies of the small intestine are discussed. PMID- 7280217 TI - ["The ten commandments" for enteroclysis or ten golden rules for proper enteroclysis technique (author's transl)]. AB - More than ten years experience with the enteroclysis technique have shown that frequently disappointing results are achieved, always due to technical faults in the performance of the technique. In this article the most important factors for proper technique and the most frequently occurring causes of bad results are mentioned. PMID- 7280218 TI - [Radiological changes of adult sprue (author's transl)]. AB - Radiological findings of 10 adult patients with sprue were compared with histology. Patients suffering from subtotal villous atrophy were showing distinct radiological changes. The most important finding of sprue is the dilatation of the small intestine. Further typical changes are segmentations and fragmentations as well as mucous hypertrophy and the sign of moulage. In a 57-year-old female patient who was suffering from sprue for 35 years, a carcinoma of the small bowl was found and was resected during laparatomy. Sprue is a premalignant disease; therefore radiological investigations are of special importance. Therapy by a diet without gluten can reduce the radiological changes to normal, very bad changes rarely can be reduced totally. Radiological changes are not significant, but the diagnosis can be made in most cases by investigation with barium. PMID- 7280219 TI - [Intestinal nodular lymphatic hyperplasia (INLH) in hypo-gammaglobulinemia (author's transl)]. AB - Gastrointestinal symptoms frequently occur in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia of the late-onset idiopathic type, but intestinal nodular lymphatic hyperplasia (INLH) is rarely found. The characteristic radiological findings of the small bowel are reported in two patients with this well defined syndrome. The aspects of the radiological differential diagnosis of multiple small nodular filling defects of the intestine are discussed. PMID- 7280220 TI - [Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (author's transl)]. AB - This report intends to emphasize the importance of selective angiography in nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NMI). In a 67-year-old male with abdominal pain and weight loss the diagnosis of NMI was made angiographically after enteroclysis had shown extensive ulcerative jejunitis. In this condition, where constriction and obliteration of vasa recta of the superior mesenteric artery are present, operation is contraindicated. Current status of still incomplete understanding of the disease is discussed. PMID- 7280221 TI - Cushing's syndrome with an apparently normal CT scan. AB - A case of Cushing's syndrome is described in which the CT scan was considered as normal. The diagnosis was established with selective venography and blood sampling and was verified surgically. PMID- 7280222 TI - The esophageal-pleural stripe: an update. AB - Observations on the esophageal-pleural stripe were amplified by computed tomography. The relationship of the esophagus to the trachea is variable and, at times, the two may be side by side, the esophagus to the left. Under this condition, the naturally air-filled esophagus may mimic mediastinal emphysema or tracheomegaly; the barium-filled esophagus may mimic displacement by a mediastinal tumor. PMID- 7280224 TI - Radiographic anatomy of the sacrospinalis muscle. AB - The lateral margin of the sacrospinalis muscle was visible on 24 of 100 supine abdominal radiographs. Its course is oblique, the reverse of that of the psoas. Findings on the plain radiograph and CT are correlated. PMID- 7280223 TI - Radiographic features of the hand in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH): comparison with normal subjects and acromegalic patients. AB - Radiographs of the hands of 25 men and 9 women with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) were compared with age- and sex-matched controls and acromegalic patients. Characteristics of DISH included broadening and "arrowheading" of the distal phalangeal tufts, enlarged sesamoid bones, increased cortical width of tubular bones, prominent enthesopathy in the proximal phalanges, exostoses (particularly at the metacarpophalangeal heads), and new bone in the joint capsule. There was no consistent change in soft-tissue measurements or cartilage width between DISH and control patients. Acromegaly could be differentiated from DISH by the relative lack of enthesopathy, marked soft-tissue changes, and increased cartilage width. Any metabolic factor responsible for the changes in DISH apparently acts primarily on the enthesis and bone but has little effect on soft-tissue or cartilage growth. PMID- 7280225 TI - Acute pulmonary edema resulting from treatment for premature labor. AB - The development of acute pulmonary edema in four pregnant women being treated for premature labor with betamimetic and glucocorticoid therapy is described. The radiological features and pertinent obstetrical literature concerning this adverse drug reaction are discussed. PMID- 7280226 TI - Calcified interlobar pleural plaques: visceral pleural involvement due to asbestos. AB - Visceral pleural involvement, seen as interlobar thickening and bilateral calcified plaques in the major interlobar fissures, was observed as a result of exposure to asbestos dust. This is in contrast to the parietal pleural involvement seen in most cases. PMID- 7280227 TI - Double-contrast enema examination for detection of rectal carcinoma. AB - The role of the double-contrast enema examination (DCE) in the detection of rectal carcinoma was evaluated and compared to the proctoscopic examination. Records of 90 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of rectal carcinoma were reviewed. Sixty-six patients had a preoperative DCE. The correct diagnosis was either made or suggested in 91% of these patients. The proctoscopic examination was diagnostic in 86%. The causes of radiologic and proctoscopic error were evaluated. Findings confirm that the DCE is an accurate method for the diagnosis of rectal carcinoma. Careful examination of the rectum should be incorporated in all radiologic studies of the colon since a normal proctoscopic examination does not exclude the possibility of rectal carcinoma. PMID- 7280228 TI - Radiological features of Fournier gangrene. AB - The abdominal radiographs of a forty-year-old patient with Fournier gangrene suggest that gas can spread from the scrotum along expected defined anatomical planes. Comparison is made with other previously described cases and with the radiological appearances associated with perforation of the rectum. PMID- 7280229 TI - Mesenteric vascular gas secondary to ischemic bowel in transmesenteric hernia. AB - A transmesenteric herniation of bowel with subsequent bowel ischemia in a thirteen-year-old boy is reported. Radiographic findings were that of abdominal mass and branching radiolucencies secondary to gas within the mesenteric vasculature. The unusual distribution of vascular gas (mesenteric rather than portal) is thought to be secondary to obstruction of mesenteric veins by strangulation. PMID- 7280231 TI - The effect of sequential arterial stenoses on flow and pressure. AB - The additive effect of two sequential stenoses on arterial flow and pressure was studied in five dogs, using an extracorporeal aorto-femoral shunt. It was determined that the concept of flow being governed by the more severe stenosis is imprecise. This is true only of one critical and one subcritical lesion: two critical stenoses have an additive effect. Otherwise subcritical stenoses can become critical in the presence of hyperemia. When evaluating patients with vascular insufficiency due to arterial narrowing, all stenoses should be carefully assessed and attention directed to their cumulative effect. PMID- 7280230 TI - Complications and hazards with angiographic occlusion balloon catheters. AB - Twenty angiographic procedures involving the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) were performed with balloon occlusion catheters in dogs with chronic liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The following complications were found: (a) rapid balloon inflation during angiography due to a leak between the two catheter lumens (two cases); (b) failure to deflate a balloon located in the SMA (two cases); (c) balloon detachment intravascularly and during catheter insertion (one case each); and (d) rupture of the SMA (one case). Balloon detachment occurred only with re-used catheters. The safety of angiographic occlusion balloon catheters for general use is questioned. Under no circumstances should catheters be re-used. PMID- 7280232 TI - The potential value of liquid-crystal thermography in detecting significant mastopathy. AB - Liquid-crystal thermography (LCT) was assessed as a means of detecting proliferative disorders of the breast independently of other clinical or radiological data. There was no statistically significant difference between positive diagnosis rates for LCT of the breast in biopsy-proved proliferative disorders and in clinically and radiologically normal volunteers. While this experiment was not designed to evaluate LCT for detection or diagnosis of advanced, clinically occult, or minimal breast cancer, the data suggest that this technique can identify some large, bulky tumors, and that the smaller the lesion, the less likely that it would be detected by LCT. PMID- 7280233 TI - The ribs in thalassemia. I. The relationship to therapy. AB - A spectrum of rib changes was seen in 32 patients with thalassemia. Eleven patients had normal ribs, and 21 patients demonstrated at least one abnormality. The rib changes in patients who had been treated with a low transfusion regimen (designed to maintain the hemoglobin level at 5-6 g/100 ml) were compared with the changes in patients who had been treated with a hypertransfusion regimen (designed to maintain the hemoglobin level above 9.4-19 g/100 ml). Ten of the 11 patients (91%) with normal ribs were younger than five years when first hypertransfused, while only three of the 21 patients (14%) with abnormal ribs were younger than five. The type of rib abnormality was related to the age of onset of the low transfusion regimen. Those patients with abnormal but nonwidened ribs had been started on the low transfusion regimen earlier than those patients with the same abnormality and widened ribs. Fifteen of the 21 patients showed regression of the abnormal findings; approximately two thirds of the rib abnormalities did not regress until after the onset of a hypertransfusion regimen. PMID- 7280234 TI - The ribs in thalassemia. II. The pathogenesis of the changes. AB - In 32 patients with thalassemia the spectrum of rib changes, including widening, osteoporosis, localized lucencies, cortical erosions, "rib-within-a-rib" appearance, subcortical lucency, and extramedullary hematopoiesis, is reviewed. This material is supplemented by the radiographic and computed tomographic findings in a specimen of spine, posterior ribs, and extramedullary hematopoietic masses. The relevant literature on thalassemia, including two cases of "costal osteoma," is reviewed. A mechanism is offered to explain the various rib changes based on (a) the relationship of the proliferating marrow to the medulla, cortex, and periosteum, (b) the patient's age at the onset of a transfusion regimen, and (c) the type of transfusion regimen used. PMID- 7280235 TI - Uncomplicated trigonocephaly. A radiographic affirmation of conservative therapy. AB - Trigonocephaly is a relatively rare deformity of the skull characterized by triangular prominence of the bones of the forehead and orbital hypotelorism. Long term results in a group of patients with clinical and radiographic follow-up are analyzed, the radiographic findings reviewed, and possible etiologies discussed. The etiologic relationship between premature synostosis of the metopic suture and trigonocephaly is questioned. Uncomplicated trigonocephaly is a self-limited, self-correcting deformity, and a normal cosmetic appearance develops without surgical treatment. Surgical craniectomy as treatment for uncomplicated trigonocephaly is not indicated on the basis of the authors' experience. PMID- 7280236 TI - Radiographic changes in unicameral bone cysts following direct injection of steroids: a report on 14 cases. AB - Twelve children (9 boys and 3 girls, ages 1 1/2-12 yrs.) with unicameral bone cysts were treated with triamcinolone acetonide (4 patients) or methylprednisolone acetate (8 patients) injected directly into the cyst cavity. Postinjection radiographic changes that indicate healing were noted in eight patients and included: reduced size of the cyst cavity, increased internal density, cortical thickening, and remodeling in the vicinity of the cyst. Additional injections were required in three patients because of delayed or partial healing. Recurrence of the cyst (1 case) was signaled by renewed rarefaction and bone expansion. PMID- 7280237 TI - The aortic isthmus. AB - In chest radiographs of seven infants, the aortic knob, isthmus, and descending aorta rendered a figure 3 image identical to that seen in coarctation of the aorta. Awareness of this anatomic variation may aid in diagnosis and may help to prevent unnecessary cardiac catheterization. PMID- 7280238 TI - The role of computed tomography in the management of dysbaric diving accidents. AB - The use of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis and management of decompression sickness and diving air embolism has not been previously reported. Two unusual cases of neurological dysbarism are presented in which CT was helpful in the postrecompression evaluation and treatment. CT showed areas of infarction and of edema of the brain. The role of CT in managing dysbaric diving accidents is discussed. PMID- 7280239 TI - Epidurography using epinephrine and tomography. AB - Lumbar epidurography is a useful adjunct procedure for the investigation of disk disease. The use of epinephrine enhances the value of this procedure by delaying the absorption of metrizamide, allowing thorough plain radiograph evaluation and time to perform tomography. PMID- 7280241 TI - The marfan skull. AB - The classic clinical features of Marfan syndrome include ectopic lens, valvular heart disease and dissecting aneurysm, and long, narrow extremeties associated with tall stature. When the classic features are incomplete, diagnosis is uncertain. This study presents some radiographic measurements of the skull in patients with the Marfan syndrome, in an attempt to aid diagnosis by quantitating the features defining the syndrome. Compared with the normal skull, the Marfan skull was found to be longer, taller, thicker, and to have have increased frontal sinus area. The most consistent and therefore diagnostic abnormality ws increased height. PMID- 7280240 TI - Ioglucomide: a new nonionic myelographic agent. Preclinical studies. AB - Ioglucomide, a new iodinated nonionic contrast medium directed primarily toward myelographic use, was subjected to an extensive toxicological examination in animals. In the majority of studies, ioglucomide was compared directly with metrizamide. In some respects, including freedom from production of arachnoiditis, ioglucomide and metrizamide were comparable. However, acute toxicity after intravenous injection or instillation into cerebrospinal fluid was significantly less for ioglucomide. Also, in contrast to metrizamide, ioglucomide produced no evidence of any type of convulsive activity after subarachnoid administration. The improved safety of ioglucomide could not be related to osmolality; therefore, the importance of osmolality for nonionic myelographic agent safety is questioned. PMID- 7280242 TI - Acute myocardial ischemia detected in vivo by computed tomography. AB - Normal and acutely ischemic myocardium was imaged by dynamic computed transmission tomography (CT) in dogs during injection of contrast material. The rotary fan-beam CT scanner used could obtain 16 sequential, ungated, 3.0-second scans at 13-20-second intervals. Time-attenuation curves of myocardial enhancement, which were constructed from serial CT images of normally functioning anterior and lateral left ventricular myocardium, demonstrated mean +/- SEM baseline values: 37 +/- 3.3 and 32 +/- 4.0 CT#s; mean +/- SEM peak enhancement: 72 +/- 4.1 and 73 +/- 3.9 CT#s; and decay in enhancement having mean +/- SD time constants: 3.12 +/- 0.27 and 3.17 +/- 0.22 minutes. Regions of acutely ischemic myocardium demonstrated lower but not significantly different baseline values (mean +/- SEM = 25 +/- 4.3 CT#s) from normal (mean +/- sEM = 37 +/- 3.3 CT#s), without a peak and decay in enhancement. The authors conclude that regions of experimentally-produced acute ischemia are readily detected in vivo by dynamic CT imaging as absent or markedly reduced myocardial contrast enhancement. PMID- 7280243 TI - Computed tomography of chest trauma. AB - Computed tomography (CT) and radiography were used to study 20 patients with chest injuries. Excluding rib fractures, CT revealed 50 traumatic lesions ranging from extrapleural hematomas to pericardial fluid collections. In contrast, only 12 lesions were detected on the corresponding radiographs. While many of the processes demonstrated on CT were not life-threatening, substantial abnormalities such as pericardial effusion and diaphragmatic rupture were detected. PMID- 7280244 TI - The detection of mediastinal parathyroid glands by computed tomography, selective arteriography, and venous sampling: an analysis of 17 cases. AB - Computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed in 19 cases of proved mediastinal parathyroid glands. Glands were detected in five of 17 cases (29%) with adequate scans; four of six (67%) anterior mediastinal glands larger than 2 cm were visible. The smallest lesion demonstrated by CT ws 1.6 cm. In the same series, selective arteriography was positive in 10 of 15 cases (67%), with the smallest lesion measuring 0.5 cm. Venous sampling was performed in 15 patients, and a thymic sample obtained in 10; a twofold step-up of parathyroid hormone in thymic veins was noted in eight of 15 cases (53%), but was not localizing, as samples in other veins were elevated in all but one case. Angiography appears more sensitive than second-generation CT for detecting mediastinal glands. However, CT is very useful in patients with previous failed explorations. Scanning must include contiguous sections extending several centimeters below the carina, in order to encompass low-lying mediastinal glands. PMID- 7280245 TI - Detection of bone-marrow metastases using quantitative computed tomography. AB - A method is described for using quantitative computed tomography (CT) to detect subtle skeletal metastases not readily identified or precisely located by conventional methods. Four patients with intramedullary metastases are presented along with data from 13 control subjects. The results indicate that CT may demonstrate intramedullary changes that occur in skeletal metastases and that cannot be detected by other techniques. A difference in medullary CT number greater than 20 HU between limbs is abnormal. This asymmetry, however, is not specific for metastatic disease, and clinical judgment must be exercised in interpreting this finding. PMID- 7280247 TI - Vertebral hydatid disease: radiological assessment. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) appearance and the pain radiographic and myelographic findings of vertebral hydatid disease (caused by Echinococcus granulosus) in two patients are presented. CT proved to be more useful in the initial assessment and measurement of progress of this disease than conventional radiography and myelography. PMID- 7280246 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation, staging, and therapy of carcinoma of the bladder and prostate. AB - Computed tomography was performed in 24 patients with bladder carcinoma, 29 patients with prostate carcinoma, and one patient with simultaneous bladder and prostate carcinoma. In nine patients (16%), the stage of the carcinoma would have been underestimated based on CT alone. Six of these nine patients had only microscopic or laboratory evidence (elevated serum acid phosphatase level) of more widespread disease than what was demonstrated by CT. The overall accuracy of pelvic lymph node evaluation by CT was 79% in 34 patients. The 21% inaccuracy arises from five false-negative cass in which there was microscopic involvement within normal-sized nodes (4 patients) or only minimally enlarged (2.0 cm or less) nodes (1 patient), and two false-positive cases related to benign changes in nodes. CT was unable to differentiate Stage A, B1, and B2 bladder tumors. CT was used in planning portals for 16 patients who underwent external beam radiation therapy. CT was also used to measure the volume of the prostate prior to placement of 125I seeds for therapy, and to assess the positioning of the seeds. PMID- 7280248 TI - Contribution of mesenteric fat to unsatisfactory abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography. AB - Technically unsatisfactory abdominal and pelvic ultrasound examinations may be due to excessive mesenteric fat rather than to the presence of intestinal gas. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) were performed in 34 patients. CT and ultrasound scans were obtained in the same transverse planes, and in five patients multiple ultrasound transducer frequencies were used. Mesenteric fat in the abdomen and pelvis appears on ultrasound scans as a diffuse accumulation of echoes, with poor definition of posterior structures. Ultrasonic beam scattering and defocusing are responsible for the attenuation and echogenicity. When the pattern of abundant fat is recognized with ultrasound, alternative imaging procedures should be performed to visualize the deep abdominal, retroperitoneal, and pelvic structures. PMID- 7280249 TI - Mesenteric desmoid tumors: sonographic and computed-tomographic appearance. AB - Sonographic and computed-tomographic (CT) findings in two patients with mesenteric desmoid tumors are reviewed. On ultrasound scans, mesenteric desmoids appear as well-circumscribed masses with scattered dense high-level echoes which correspond to mesenteric fat and vessels on the CT scan. Although these tumors appear well marginated on both ultrasound and CT scans, the pathologic examination shows microscopic invasion at the tumor margin in most cases. Differentiation from other mesenteric masses is discussed. PMID- 7280250 TI - Ultrasonography in the staging of endometrial adenocarcinoma. AB - Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium commonly presents at an early stage and is readily diagnosed by dilatation and curettage. Ultrasound has not bee accurate in differentiating this malignant neoplasm from benign causes of uterine enlargement such as leiomyoma. In this study, the sonographic findings in 21 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium were compared with the clinical and pathological findings. Although no ultrasound criteria were diagnostic of carcinoma, there were statistically significant differences in uterine shape and echo pattern between Stage I-II and Stage III-IV disease: 94% of patients with Stage I-II disease had a normal or bulbous uterus and a normal or hypoechoic parenchymal pattern, while patients with a lobular uterus and/or mixed echo pattern had Stage III-IV. The only clinical errors in staging were in cases of Stage II or III disease. Ultrasound may be helpful in pretreatment staging of more difficult cases. PMID- 7280251 TI - Personnel exposure to radiation at some angiographic procedures. AB - Personnel exposure to radiation was investigated during radiological procedures where x-ray shielding is particularly difficult. Ten percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographies, four percutaneous transhepatic portographies, and four coronary angiographies are included in the study. Exposure to radiation was measured at several anatomical sites for both the radiologist and the assisting nurse. Effective dose equivalents as proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) were estimated from the registered absorbed doses. PMID- 7280252 TI - Low-dose CT scanning for quantitative spinal mineral analysis. AB - The effect of x-ray exposure on the precision of quantitative CT bone mineral measurements was determined using excised vertebrae and phantoms. Specimens were scanned at 80 kVp with exposures ranging from 23 to 380 mAs using the UCSF/GE research scanner, a modified GE CT/T 7800. Dose was measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters. A patient exposure of 100 mrem (10(-3) Sv) was judged adequate to provide useful quantitative vertebral mineral measurements with this scanner. PMID- 7280253 TI - Dynamics of myocardial contrast enhancement: an in vivo computed-tomographic study. AB - Enhancement of normal functioning myocardium was quantitated in 15 dogs by serial computed transmission tomographic (CT) images during the bolus (10 ml/sec.) or slow (1 ml/sec.) intravenous injection of diatrizoate contrast media (1 ml/kg body weight) in concentrations of 37, 18.5, or 9.25 g iodine (I)/dl. Homogenous images of myocardial enhancement were obtained. However, major streak artifacts were observed frequently when contrast material was injected as a bolus, and myocardial edges were not defined clearly when contrast material with a concentration of 9.25 g I/dl was injected slowly. Time-attenuation curves of normal myocardial enhancement constructed from serial CT images demonstrated a peak in contrast enhancement (delta Hounsfield units, 22-45) followed by a period of deterioration that lasted two to three minutes. These results can be applied to make optimal use of both single (static) and serial (dynamic) myocardial CT images. PMID- 7280254 TI - Arteriography of lower limbs with blocked circulation: ("dry-limb" arteriography). AB - The author describes a simple technique for arteriography of lower limbs with blocked circulation. Through either an antegrade or retrograde femoral approach, a balloon catheter with a double lumen is inserted and used to produce an arterial occlusion. Arteriography is then performed. With this technique, small peripheral thrombi can be identified and all arteries of the leg, as well as collateral circulation, can be studied. PMID- 7280259 TI - The division of radiology. PMID- 7280258 TI - Subspecialties in diagnostic radiology: the road to glory or disaster? PMID- 7280256 TI - Variation in the quality of barium sulfate contrast media. AB - The quality of barium sulfate contrast media for double-contrast examination of the stomach may vary significantly in different batches and thus influence the clinical results. A simple method is presented for controlling the density/viscosity relationship. PMID- 7280257 TI - Bright-light illumination for the production of transparencies from overexposed radiographs. AB - A method of preparing transparencies from overexposed radiographs using bright light illumination is described. PMID- 7280255 TI - Radiographic effects of cold barium suspensions on esophageal motility. AB - The effects of cold barium solutions on esophageal motility were studied in 70 patients. Baseline esophageal peristalsis was assessed using barium at room temperature. Twenty-eight patients were then re-examined when chilled barium (4 degrees C) was used and results showed a 45% reduction of primary peristalsis. Forty-two patients were re-assessed when iced barium (3 degrees C) was used and results showed a 58% reduction. PMID- 7280261 TI - DNA: multiprotein interactions. PMID- 7280260 TI - Life-threatening reaction to glucagon in a patient with pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7280262 TI - Site of histone assembly. PMID- 7280263 TI - In vitro packaging of damaged bacteriophage T7 DNA. PMID- 7280264 TI - Replication of linear duplex DNA in vitro with bacteriophage T5 DNA polymerase. PMID- 7280269 TI - [A clinical study of reaction to trauma. The fate of a child in wartime]. PMID- 7280265 TI - Mechanisms of catalysis of human DNA polymerases alpha and beta. PMID- 7280267 TI - Mechanisms of transcription: summary. PMID- 7280268 TI - [Molecular evolution of hemoglobin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280270 TI - [The past within the present. On the film "Playing for Time"]. PMID- 7280266 TI - Structural and functional properties of calf thymus DNA polymerase delta. PMID- 7280272 TI - [Rituals of the worldly and spiritual force. On public vows and the papal visit of 1980]. PMID- 7280271 TI - [The self and the ego]. PMID- 7280273 TI - [Theory of psychoanalytic psychotherapy]. PMID- 7280275 TI - [Depersonalization and derealization experiences in children]. PMID- 7280276 TI - [Dimensionalization of psychotherapeutic competence]. PMID- 7280277 TI - [The scientific theoretical status of psychoanalysis. The problem of dream interpretation]. PMID- 7280274 TI - [The problem of transference in psychosis in contrast to neurosis]. PMID- 7280278 TI - [The "protective environment" and the therapeutic function of psychoanalysis]. PMID- 7280279 TI - [On the use of case reports]. PMID- 7280280 TI - [Analytic activity and passivity in view of "talking" and "silence"]. PMID- 7280281 TI - [The psychoanalyst as a "transference object" and as a "real" person: 2 turning points of a therapeutic process]. PMID- 7280282 TI - [Neuroses prevention and therapy]. PMID- 7280283 TI - [Symptom-oriented and cause-oriented therapy methods--a contradictory contrast? A disagreement with Hans-Geert Metzger's critique of behavior therapy]. PMID- 7280284 TI - [The motorics of oesophagus and its disturbances (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280285 TI - [Hypersensitivity to pyrazolone drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280287 TI - [Renal dysplasia]. PMID- 7280289 TI - Clinical and basic science implications of autoimmunity and autoimmune disease. PMID- 7280286 TI - [Clinical analysis of patients with recent myocardial infarction who died due to the heart rupture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280292 TI - Determination of seven noble metals in standard rock samples by means of thermal neutron activation analysis. AB - Ruthenium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold in standard rock samples from Geological Survey of Japan (JB-1, JB-2, JG-1 and JA-1) were determined by thermal neutron activation method with a systematic chemical separation. U.S. Geological Survey standard rocks (BCR-1 and G-2) were also analyzed to obtain an information about the accuracy and precision on the method. Generally agreement of our results with previous values for BCR-1 and G-2 was excellent. The noble metal contents in the igneous rocks from Japanese region were approximately comparable to those in the corresponding rocks from the continental region, and showed a tendency to decrease with increasing silica contents, with weak interrelations to other major elements. PMID- 7280290 TI - Gastric effects and side effects of synthetic secretin in man. AB - The gastric effects of synthetic secretin given in a depot preparation as subcutaneous injection or in different doses as intravenous infusion were studied in 10 healthy volunteers. Peptone-stimulated gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin were significantly suppressed with a clear dose-response inhibition of acid output. There was a significant correlation between percentage inhibition of acid secretion and plasma secretin concentrations which were greatly above those seen physiologically. Serum lipase and trypsin increased significantly. Most subjects lost fluid from diuresis and diarrhoea, so that serum sodium and total protein concentrations also increased significantly. These side effects cast doubt on the clinical value of prolonged infusions of pharmacological doses of synthetic secretion in critically ill patients. PMID- 7280288 TI - [Contribution to problems of electroencephalic curve alterations in cases of malformations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280293 TI - [A study of the quantification of (201)TI myocardial scintigrams of prior myocardial infarctions and their influence on left ventricular function (author's transl)]. AB - (201)TI myocardial scintigraphy was performed on 25 cases of prior myocardial infarction, and based upon phantom experiments, the infarct size was quantitatively analyzed as a defect segment percentage (DS%). DS% was compared to the left cardiac function obtained from myocardial scintigrams, RI angiocardiograms, and chest X-ray films, and the results were examined. There was a high degree of correlation between DS% and LVEF and LVEDV/ m(2) (R=-0.72, 0.84). Where DS% was less than 25%, the left ventricular function was almost normal, and where DS% was greater than 25%, deterioration could clearly be seen. There was a correlation between left ventricular volume from myocardial scintigrams and heart volume from chest X-ray films. The (201)TI uptake in the lung field from myocardial scintigrams increased as the infarct size increased, and the uptake in the upper lungs also increased. PMID- 7280291 TI - [Dependence of scattered Mn K alpha / K beta X-ray intensity ratio on the scatterer materials]. AB - The K alpha / K beta ratio of Mn KX-rays scattered by metallic samples changed remarkably with the geometry between the sample and the (55)Fe source-Si(Li) detector system. On the contrary, this intensity ratio changed little in the cases of non-metallic scatterer samples such as lucite or mylar. This difference is interpreted as due to the occurrence of strong or weak interference in the coherent scattering photons. PMID- 7280294 TI - [Behavior of tritium water in radioactive waste incineration plant (author's transl)]. AB - The radioactive waste incineration plant at Tokai Research Establishment, JAERI, was installed in 1966 and has been operated routinely. The exhaust-gas system of the incinerator consists of spray scrubber, electrostatic precipitator, cloth filter, HEPA filter and so on. This experimental program was carried out to examine the behavior of tritium water to various parts of the incineration plant when combustible waste contaminated with tritium water was incinerated. The experiment results were as follows. The collective rate of tritium water in each dust collector was 85% in the spray scrubber, and 6% as condensation water in electrostatic precipitator, gas cooler and HEPA filter. Further the release rate of tritium water from stack was 9%. PMID- 7280295 TI - Suppression of germination of rice seeds by deuterium oxide. PMID- 7280296 TI - [Collection of airborne radioiodine by charcoal column (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280297 TI - [Effects of low-level chronic irradiation on aquatic organisms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280298 TI - [Qualities of inorganic radioactive liquid waste collected by JRIA and treatment of them (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280299 TI - [Radiation protection regulations in various countries (IV) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280300 TI - Adaptative processes in the albino rat raised under hypoxia at simulated altitude. AB - Albino rats of the Wistar family were raised from the time of birth in a simulated altitude of about 6000 meters (barometric pressure 370 mm Hg) for a period of about 50 days. Part of these were killed after losing consciousness upon exposure to acute hypoxia. The other groups were killed without being first subjected to acute hypoxia. Control groups of the some stock were raised for a corresponding period of time in a normal atmosphere at sea level and killed like the preceding. We were not able to demonstrate significant variations in tolerance to acute hypoxia in the various groups studied. Instead the animals raised in a simulated altitude displayed an increase in the 2,3-DPG content in the red blood cells, Hb concentration and the number of erythrocytes for mm3 of blood. The animals raised in a simulated altitude also displayed a displacement of the acid-base balance of blood towards the acid side. This was even more accentuated in the group subjected to acute hypoxia. Finally, it was observed, via the weight curve, that the animals raised in a simulated altitude presented a slower body growth in comparison to the control group. PMID- 7280302 TI - Establishment of continuously in vitro growing cell lines of med-fly (Ceratitis capitata wied.). AB - The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, represents an extremely harmful insect pest of considerable agricultural and economic interest. As part of the study of this species, two diploid cell lines (2n = 12) of the Med fly were established in vitro on two different culture media. The two lines were obtained from embryonic eggs 24 (+/- 1) hours old and were called CEC CC 128 and CEC CC 130. Detailed descriptions are given of the techniques used for the preparation of the primary cultures, their development and characterization, the choice and composition of the culture media and the intrinsic characteristics of the lines obtained. Indications of other elements are given, such as different cells, non cellular vesicles and glands containing symbiotic bacteria, observable in the first phase of development of the culture, before obtaining continuously growing cell lines. The doubling time of the population for both cell lines were estimated at 22 hours and the interval between successive sub-cultures at 7 days. PMID- 7280301 TI - Effects of dilution rates, animal species and instruments on the spectrophotometric determination of sperm counts. AB - Using semen from bull, boar and stallion as well as different spectrophotometers, we established the calibration curves relating the optical density of a sperm sample to the sperm count obtained on the hemacytometer. The results show that, for a given spectrophotometer, the calibration curve is not characteristic of the animal species we studied. The differences in size of the spermatozoa are probably too small to account for the anticipated specificity of the calibration curve. Furthermore, the fact that different dilution rates must be used, because of the vastly different concentrations of spermatozoa which is characteristic of those species, has no effect on the calibration curves since the dilution rate is shown to be artefactual. On the other hand, for a given semen, the calibration curve varies depending upon the spectrophotometry used. However, if two instruments have the same characteristic in terms of spectral bandwidth, the calibration curves are not statistically different. PMID- 7280303 TI - [Inapparent persistent chlamydial infection in McCoy cells]. AB - We have studied the phenomena of inapparent chlamydial infections in vitro using McCoy cells in culture as hosts and low doses of Chlamydia psittaci (GP-IC) as infecting agents. The results indicate that GP-IC can persist undetected at least 220 hrs in McCoy cells previously inoculated with 0.2 mL of a GP-IC preparation containing 30 ifu/mL, using the centrifuge-assisted inoculation technique. These cells were maintained in complete MEM medium supplemented with 2% v/v of foetal bovin serum (FBS). These inapparent chlamydial infections did not follow active infections (detectable chlamydial multiplication); however, they could be induced to active infections (formation of intracytoplasmic inclusions) by transfering the infected McCoy cells in complete MEM medium supplemented with 5% v/v of FBS and 1 microgram/mL of cycloheximide. Transfer of these cells in complete MEM medium supplemented with 5% v/v of FBS but without cycloheximide did not induce active infections indicating that nutritional competition was not implicated in these inapparent chlamydial infections since that medium usually support chlamydial multiplication. PMID- 7280304 TI - Impairment of testicular maturation in potassium depleted pre-pubertal rats. AB - When maintained on a potassium deficient diet 21 day-old weanling rats ceased to grow. At the end of 3 weeks, the testes were small and the diameter of seminiferous tubules was reduced. The reduction of the tubular diameter resulted mainly from a decrease in the number of cells, chiefly spermatids. An occasional tubule contained a few scattered spermatozoa. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells contained an increased number of lipid droplets as well as phagocytosed degenerative cells. Spermatids, conspicuously fewer in number, showed abnormal forms and did not mature beyond the early acrosomic phase. It appeared then, that potassium deficiency in immature rats not only arrested growth but largely prevented spermatogenesis. This probably resulted from a widespread inhibition of pituitary trophin function. Also, the deleterious effects on spermatids could be due to local lack of potassium which is present in high concentration in normal seminiferous tubular lumen. PMID- 7280305 TI - A quantitative approach to the marsupial brain in an eco-ethological perspective. AB - Using a volumetric method and the classical allometry equation, the author investigates the possibility of a relationship between the size of total brain or brain-components and the ecology of ethology of 29 marsupials species from South America and Australia. He shows that there is a relation between brain and neocortex volumes, and the taxonomic groups characterized by definite life habits. New light is shed upon the evolution of marsupials showing that, while the living didelphids most probably are the closest to the ancestral type, some other groups such as the dasyurids and peramelids include even more primitive forms. This points to a very early separation of American and Australian marsupials and to a long independent evolution, perhaps dating back to immediately pre-marsupial times. PMID- 7280306 TI - [Typhoid fever. Complications in 782 hospitalized children]. PMID- 7280307 TI - [Hepatitis caused by B virus in childhood]. PMID- 7280308 TI - [Syndrome of megaloblastic anemia with proteinuria (Imerslund). Attempt at a pathogenic explanation]. PMID- 7280310 TI - [Lipoid nephrosis and food allergy]. PMID- 7280309 TI - [Hemolytic anemia caused by vitamin E deficiency in the low birth weight neonate. I. Effect of feeding: mother's milk and NAN formula]. PMID- 7280314 TI - [Clinicopathological correlations in 100 cases of miliary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7280313 TI - [Giant cell arteritis. Retrospective study of 22 cases]. PMID- 7280312 TI - [Legal compendium on women's rights and the Chilean child regarding breast feeding]. PMID- 7280311 TI - [Prevalence and psychological, sociocultural and biological characteristics of children with insufficient scholastic achievement. II: Biological and sociocultural aspects]. PMID- 7280315 TI - [Prazosin in chronic refractory cardiac insufficiency: results of continuous long term therapy]. PMID- 7280316 TI - [Isolation and identification of a strain of Pseudomonas putrefaciens]. PMID- 7280317 TI - [Acute terminal ileitis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica]. PMID- 7280318 TI - [Reiter's disease appearing simultaneously in a son (caused by salmonellosis) and his father (from unknown causes)]. PMID- 7280320 TI - [Multiple sclerosis. Spondylarthritis ankylopoietica]. PMID- 7280319 TI - [Lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7280321 TI - [Acute epidermal necrolysis: Lyell's syndrome. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7280322 TI - [Psychological factors in the etiopathogenesis of coronary disease]. PMID- 7280323 TI - [Acute epidermal necrolysis: Lyell's syndrome]. PMID- 7280324 TI - [Incidence and etiopathogenic aspects of hepatic steatosis. Review of 1,534 autopsies]. PMID- 7280326 TI - [Passive euthanasia in periodic hemodialysis: opinions of a patient care team]. PMID- 7280325 TI - [Respiratory changes in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7280327 TI - [Induction of tumors by chemical carcinogens. Experimental study]. PMID- 7280328 TI - [Personal experience with secondary zinc deficiency in human pathology]. PMID- 7280329 TI - [Modified Makari test in the diagnosis of tumors of mammary origin]. PMID- 7280330 TI - [Effect of alpha-methyl-paratyrosine on the urinary excretion of catecholamines in patients with pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 7280331 TI - [Peripheral and central resistance. Theory about their relationship]. PMID- 7280332 TI - [Experimental stenosis of the upper airway: factors determining the drop in pressure. Effect of morphology. Theory]. PMID- 7280333 TI - [Apropos of a case of probable acute myelofibrosis]. PMID- 7280334 TI - [Tuberculous osteitis of the calcaneus]. PMID- 7280335 TI - [Polyneuropathy caused by n-hexane]. PMID- 7280338 TI - The North Karelia project. PMID- 7280336 TI - [Severe thrombopenia in disseminated herpes zoster]. PMID- 7280337 TI - [Advances in the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia]. PMID- 7280339 TI - [Factors of interindividual variations of blood lead levels (author's transl)]. AB - The blood lead levels of 1.877 persons living in 8 large French cities or in their suburbs were measured. Blood lead level varies with sex, age, tobacco, wine consumption and date of construction of the house. The specific effect of each of these variables can be quantified. The slope of the regression of blood lead level on age is approximatively 1 microgram/dl per 14 years. Blood lead level increases by 1 microgram for people living in houses built before 1945. The effect of tobacco and wine consumption is greater among males than females. For males the increase is about 3 microgram/dl between non smokers and heavy smokers whereas for females it is about 2 microgram/dl. Wine effect is about 2 microgram/dl among males and 1 microgram/dl among females. These findings are discussed in terms of differences in lead supply or modifications in the number and condition of red blood cells. PMID- 7280340 TI - Met and unmet demand for hospital beds. Some recent evidence. AB - Many commentators have noted the interrelation of demand and supply of hospital beds and have suggested that an increase in the supply of hospital beds tends to generate additional demand either in the form of more patients admitted or patients treated for longer periods of time or some combination of the two. We can report that the bed use rate can be predicted more accurately in terms of the five-seventh rule, that is if a National Health Service bed is made available for an additional week, then for five out of seven days it will be occupied. This rule was found to apply at both regional and district level. Variation in admission rates was also investigated and it was found that a large proportion of the observed variation could be explained in terms of one variable--bed supply. In view of the Resource Allocation Working Party's proposals, the relationship between the overall standardized mortality ratio and bed supply, admissions rate and bed use rate was investigated. No significant effect, however, was discovered. In other words, it is bed supply which strongly influences the demand for hospital care and not the overall standardized mortality ratio. PMID- 7280341 TI - [Occupational risk and technological innovations. Comparison of conventional and nuclear energy systems (fuel, coal and nuclear) (author's transl)]. AB - The objective is to compare the occupational risks associated to the production of electricity through three alternative technologies: fuel, coal and nuclear (Pressurised Water Reactor). A methodology is proposed in order to integrate the operation and construction activities. The data related to a French scenario have been collected and are presented. The results obtained in the case of nuclear technology correspond to the present French program for 1990 and have in this respect a prospective value. PMID- 7280342 TI - Sociological aspects of community-based health intervention programmes. The North Karelia Project as an example. AB - The article considers the sociological aspects of community based health intervention programmes using the North Karelia Project as an example. Health programmes are still in the process of institutionalisation. This means that unlike long established disciplines they do not yet have a well-established methodology, clear research evaluation criteria, or known laws or invariances. The social characteristics of health intervention programmes are considered. They may be regarded as action research. A basic dilemma in the aims of health intervention programmes is emphasized; on the one hand to produce a change in the behavior and health status of the population, and on the other hand to discover the laws or invariances, governing them. The solution of this conflict affects the goals, methods and organisation of the programme and is also important in the evaluation of the outcome. The North Karelia Project, like other health intervention programme was launched and given legal force for medical reasons based on epidemiological research into risk factors. However, behaviour affecting health involves many other dimensions than the medical one. The social determinants and functions of health behaviours, and the role of health intervention as an agent of social control are discussed. Finally, the results and evaluation of this community level health intervention programmes are discussed and their practical implications are considered. PMID- 7280343 TI - Effects of bacterial endotoxin inhalation. AB - Airborne Gram-negative bacteria contamination has been demonstrated in several environments like cotton or flax factories, rooms with humidifiers and sewage treatment plants. Inhalation of LPS by animals provokes a bronchial invasion by neutrophils, a platelet aggregation in pulmonary capillaries, a local immune response and fever. Inhalation by human is related with clinical symptoms like fever, chills, malaise, muscle and joint aches and chest thightness. It appears from data in the literature that LPS airborne contamination is sufficient to provoke such symptoms. It seems important to study more precisely the contamination of suspected air in presence of these symptoms. PMID- 7280344 TI - [Death caused by traffic accidents. A growing risk for adolescents of both sexes]. PMID- 7280345 TI - [Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Electrophysiological study of 53 cases]. PMID- 7280346 TI - [Angiocardiographic evaluation of endocardial cushion defects]. PMID- 7280347 TI - [Angina caused by myocardial bridging: diagnosis and surgical treatment]. PMID- 7280348 TI - [M-mode echocardiography of the interauricular septum: study of a new angle of incidence]. PMID- 7280349 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative angiographic evaluation of mitral stenosis. Preoperative prediction of the type of stenosis]. PMID- 7280350 TI - [Comparative hemodynamic effect of sodium nitroprusside and prazosin hydrochloride in patients with cardiac insufficiency following acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7280351 TI - [Tetralogy of Fallot with anastomosis of the Waterson-Cooley type. Evaluation of the development of vascular pulmonary disease]. PMID- 7280352 TI - [Right atrial-left ventricular fistula following aortic valve surgery]. PMID- 7280353 TI - [Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome with cardiac involvement (common atrium, persistence of the left superior vena cava and atresia of the coronary sinus)]. PMID- 7280354 TI - [Staphylococcal tricuspid endocarditis in a heroin addict]. PMID- 7280355 TI - [Mitral valve with double orifice associated with a bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7280356 TI - The role of gonadal steroids in sexual differentiation. PMID- 7280357 TI - Calmodulin: properties, intracellular localization, and multiple roles in cell regulation. PMID- 7280358 TI - The role of guanine nucleotides in regulation of adenylate cyclase activity. PMID- 7280359 TI - [Continuous blood glucose monitoring and infusion in freely mobile dogs (author's transl)]. AB - With the system recently developed, continuous glucose determinations and programmed infusions are also possible in the freely mobile dog. The animal is kept in a dog box and wears a dog jacket to which a plastic plate is fitted. A bite- and twist-proof flexible hollow pipeline is connected rigidly to this plate. The pipeline goes through a hole in the centre of the roof of the dog box to a newly developed rotary adaptor system for three catheters. The rotary adaptor is fitted to a vertical sliding bar system with counter movement. The three catheters run along the inside of the hollow pipeline down to the animal's back where two of them connect to a double-lumen catheter (DLC) inserted in the jugular vein. Through one tube, heparin solution is transported to the tip of the DLC. There it is sucked back together with blood through the second tube and transported to the glucose analyser. Through the third catheter, insulin or glucose is infused into the other jugular vein. The flow of the extracorporeally heparinized blood is regular. Occlusion of the DLC does not occur. During a 24-h study period, 70 ml of blood are taken from the animal. The DLC is simple to manufacture and, if suitably developed, might also be used in humans instead of the usual rigid double-lumen plastic cannular system. PMID- 7280360 TI - [Standardized experimental coronary stenosis. Reduction of diameter and cross sectional area following eccentric narrowing]. AB - The hemodynamic relevance of a coronary stenosis depends essentially upon the reduction of the cros-sectional area of the coronary lumen. However, the extent of experimental coronary narrowing is measured generally by determining the coronary diameter. In a series of experiments, the relationship between diameter and cross-sectional area (d/a) was determined using a micrometer constrictor and four different silastic tubings the size of which reflected actual coronary diameters as measured in coronary casts of German shepherd dogs. The d/a relationship was linear over a range of diameter reductions from 50 to 90%. A "physiologic" wall of thickness of 0.3-0.4 mm had no major influence on the d/a relationship. However, identical reductions of diameters and cross-sectional areas could only be achieved with the tubing fitting exactly into the curvature of the coronary constrictor. PMID- 7280361 TI - Homologous nerve transplantation and immunosuppression in rabbits. AB - Homologous nerve transplantation is a logical method of bridging major nerve defects but its usefulness is negated by immune rejection. The discovery of an effective method of immunosuppression would allow utilisation of this technique. The present study compared the effects of irradiation, dexamethasone, and chloramphenicol in homologous nerve transplantation. Segments of homologous sciatic nerve were implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous (s.c.) tissues of 83 rabbits. In one group the graft was irradiated in vitro before implantation and in other groups the recipient rabbits received either dexamethasone or chloramphenicol systemically for up to 3 weeks after implantation. The transplanted nerve segments were removed at different time intervals and examined for signs of rejection. In conclusion, rejection commenced during the 1st week and peaked during the 3rd week. In the control group without immunosuppressant, all animals exhibited severe rejection. Both pre-implantation irradiation of the grafts at 450 rad dose-level and systemic chloramphenicol at 100 mg/kg/day were found to completely suppress rejection. These methods were considerably more effective than conventional steroids. Thus, the idea of a "nerve bank" is postulated. PMID- 7280362 TI - Short term changes of glycosylated haemoglobins during glucose administration in healthy and diabetic subjects. AB - Haemoglobin A1 (Hb A1) is becoming a routine parameter for monitoring diabetic metabolism. Although widely used, the kinetic relationship between glucose concentration and Hb A1 value is not clarified yet. In vivo biosynthesis of Hb A1 was studied in 30 patients during an oral glucose tolerance test. Ten diabetics received an i.v. injection of 0.5 g glucose/kg, 20 healthy students and infusion of 1.0 g and 1.5 g glucose/kg and hour for 6h, and six volunteers 2.0 g/kg and hour. A parallel increase and decrease of serum glucose levels and Hb A1 could be demonstrated beginning a few minutes after administration of glucose. These acute changes of Hb A1 are closely related to fluctuation of serum glucose probably representing the formation and dissociation of the labile aldimine-linkage between haemoglobin and glucose. Severe hyperglycaemia of 6 h duration is not sufficient to cause an elevation of stable glycohaemoglobin. PMID- 7280363 TI - Effects of clofibric acid and bezafibrate administration on activities of alkaline phosphatase and other enzymes in livers of rats. AB - Administration of clofibric acid and bezafibrate to rats lowers plasma lipids, increases the liver weight, and causes a slight decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in plasma. However, both these drugs increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase in liver over threefold. The activity of other enzymes did not change by the same magnitude. The increase in the alkaline phosphatase activity in liver tissue appears to be due to increase in the activity of this enzyme in parenchymal cells. Clofibric acid and bezafibrate increase the activity of bilirubin-glucuronyl transferase activity over twofold in liver microsomes. It is thus evident that both these drugs cause similar changes in various enzyme activities in liver even though bezafibrate has been reported to have a much shorter biologic halflife than clofibric acid. PMID- 7280365 TI - Cybernetics of cardiorespiratory synchrony. Characterization by modulation the respiratory rate. PMID- 7280364 TI - Influence of feeding fructose on fructose and glucose absorption in rat jejunum and ileum. AB - The influence of feeding isocaloric diets containing either 65% of fructose (F 65) on 65% of glucose (G 65) were studied on the uptake of both sugars in segments of rat proximal jejunum and distal ileum. The hexose absorption was compared to that obtained in animals receiving isocaloric amounts of a diet containing 30% of glucose (G 30). Feeding fructose (F 65) for 3 days resulted in a 2.5-fold increase of fructose uptake in the jejunum and a 40% increase in the ileum as compared to group G 30. When fructose (F 65) was administered instead of G 65 the uptake of fructose was enhanced by 75% in the jejunum and 35% in the ileum. Stimulation of glucose absorption in segments of the proximal and distal small intestine by diets F 65 and G 65 was nearly identical as compared to the values of group G 30. The stimulation of the uptake of fructose induced by fructose feeding parallels an adaptive increase in the activity of enzymes involved in fructose metabolism in the mucosa of the small intestine. PMID- 7280366 TI - [Prophylaxis of stress ulcer in piglets by oral administration of prostaglandin E2 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280367 TI - A simple method of permanent gastric cannulation in laboratory rodents. PMID- 7280368 TI - Influence of lung inflation on the cross-sectional area of central airways in normals and in patients with lung disease. AB - The influence of lung inflation on the cross-sectional area of the trachea and main bronchi was investigated in 2 normal subjects, 2 patients with emphysema, and 1 patient with pulmonary fibrosis. Fiberoptic cinebronchoscopy was used to measure the cross-sectional area of the airways using calibrated small Teflon discs placed on the airway wall as reference. As an estimate of airway compliance at intermediate lung volumes, radial distensibility was defined as the change in cross-sectional area per change in airway pressure minus esophageal pressure divided by the cross-sectional area at functional residual capacity. Both in normal subjects and in patients with emphysema, the radial distensibility was larger in the trachea than in the main bronchi without differences between the right and left main bronchus. The area-pressure curves revealed alinearity and hysteresis in both groups with an increased distensibility in pulmonary emphysema. In a patient with pulmonary fibrosis, the distensibility was decreased by a factor of ten and the area-pressure curve was linear. These observations suggest altered static mechanics of extraparenchymal, intrathoracic airways in patients with pulmonary emphysema and fibrosis. PMID- 7280370 TI - Decreased pulmonary pressor response to acute hypoxia in chronically hypoxic rats. AB - The pulmonary vascular response to an acute hypoxic stimulus was examined in rats which were kept for 4 weeks in a hypoxic environment and compared to that of rats kept in a normoxic environment. To this end, the effects of breathing gas mixtures containing 7, 21 an 100% O2 on right ventricular systolic pressure (RVPs), cardiac output (Q) and calculated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in chronically hypoxic (CH) rats and rats kept in a normoxic environment (N) were examined. During breathing of 21% O2 RVPs, Q, and PVR were all higher in CH than in N rats. Breathing a gas mixture containing 7% O2 had no effect on systemic blood pressure, heart rate or Q, in both CH and N rats. When compared to breathing of 21% O2, the RVP and PVR remained unchanged in CH rats breathing 7% O2, while both variables significantly (p less than 0.01) increased in N rats. The presented data indicate that the reaction of the pulmonary vasculature to an hypoxic challenge is decreased in CH rats. PMID- 7280369 TI - The CO single breath transfer factor of the lung. A reliable clinical parameter in valvular heart disease. AB - The CO single breath transfer factor of the lung expressed per unit of alveolar gas volume during breath-holding, Tv, and its component factors Dmv and Vcv have been determined in 46 patients suffering from valvular heart disease. It has been shown that Tv cannot be correctly interpreted, unless the values of Dmv and Vcv are known. The results of measurements of gas transfer using this method offer a reliable guide for establishing the efficacy of the cardiac pump, and for following up the effect of therapy in valvular heart disease. PMID- 7280371 TI - Right to left shunt measurement in patients suspect for pulmonary embolism. AB - 31 patients suspect for acute pulmonary emboli were studied by measuring arterial PO2 (room air) and right to left shunt (100% oxygen breathing) to determine if measurement of the right to left shunt aided in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Ventilation/perfusion or serial perfusion lung scans were performed on each patient. All patients exhibited arterial hypoxemia (PaO2 less than or equal to 80) and 27 had a shunt greater than 7%. The shunt was 15.1 +/- 3.6% in 9 patients with lung scans highly suggestive of emboli. 20 patients with lung scans of low probability for emboli had significantly less shunting averaging 10.9 +/- 3.7%. 5 patients of the latter group had shunts averaging 15.2 +/- 3.8% attributable to occult pneumonia not initially apparent. An increased right to left shunt fraction is not diagnostic of pulmonary emboli, but a normal one makes the diagnosis unlikely. PMID- 7280372 TI - Reliability of flow-volume measurements in children. AB - Flow-volume curves were measured in a group of 43 healthy children breathing air and a helium-oxygen gas mixture. Analysis of maximal flow at 25, 50 and 75% of forced vital capacity and at 50, 60 und 70% of total lung capacity (TLC) was performed. There is a correlation between maximal flow rates and height; however, the standard deviations are considerable. Maximal flow rates at different lung volumes expressed in units of TLC/s are independent of height. There is a significant correlation between maximal flow rates and airway resistance expressed as percent of predicted values. Flow increment while breathing a helium oxygen gas mixture is significant at all lung volumes, but the standard deviation is considerable. Technical problems of measuring flow-volume curves are discussed. Results are compared with those published in the literature. The practical value of these lung function parameters in early detection of small airway obstruction is doubted. PMID- 7280373 TI - Some limitations in the use of normal value tables. AB - Analysis of raw data from 822 (224 women and 598 men) Caucasian healthy subjects with age ranging from 19 to 50 years leads to a multiple correlation coefficient equal to 0.75 between vital capacity and age, height and weight. In spite of this highly significant correlation coefficient, the predicting value of the regression equation is very poor: on the one hand, residual fluctuation is very important, on the other hand, because of the small intraindividual variability, "normal for the group' does not necessarily mean "normal for the individual'. PMID- 7280375 TI - The diffusion coefficient of oxygen in respiring kidney and tumour tissue. AB - The diffusion coefficient and permeability, together with the oxygen uptake rate, have been measured in slices of respiring tissue. Values of these quantities are given for mouse kidney cortex and for implanted tumours of Lewis lung carcinoma in the mouse, and the fibrosarcoma SSB1a in the rat. The diffusion coefficient at 22 degrees C is 1.3 . 10(-5) . cm2 . s(-1) in the kidney, and has the higher value of 1.6 . 10(-5) . cm2 . s(-1) in both tumours. The solubility in all three tissues is similar to that in saline. PMID- 7280376 TI - Postnatal regulation of oxygen delivery: control of erythropoiesis following birth in dogs. AB - Blood hemoglobin concentration decreases during the first postnatal month of canine life. Red cell production, as indicated by reticulocyte levels, decreases following birth and does not increase until the second postnatal month. Bleeding and transfusion studies were performed to determine if the canine erythropoietic system is defective during this early neonatal period or is operating at a less than maximal rate due to adequate oxygen delivery to those tissues which regulate erythropoiesis. There is no fundamental defect in the erythropoietic system since bleeding stimulated reticulocyte formation during the first postnatal month. Conversely, the reticulocytosis that normally occurs during the second postnatal month was suppressed when oxygen delivery was increased by a red cell transfusion. We conclude that adequate oxygen delivery following birth causes a reduction in red cell production and results in postnatal anemia. Due to increasing metabolic oxygen requirements of continued growth, the blood oxygen delivery becomes inadequate by the second postnatal month and red cell production is stimulated. PMID- 7280374 TI - Primary leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary artery. PMID- 7280377 TI - Change pattern of pleural deformation pressure on varying lung height and volume. AB - Simultaneous measurements of pleural surface (Ppl) and liquid (Pliq) pressures were made at various lung heights in lateral and supine dogs on increasing lung volume from FRC to 80% TLC by decreasing abdominal pressure. The difference between Pliq and Ppl, /Pdef liq/, i.e. the pressure elicited by the deformation forces of the contacting pleurae over the areas of intervening liquid, was greater in the superior parts at all lung volumes. Previous data on pleural liquid thickness (9) and the present measurements show that an increase of /Pdef liq/ may occur either with a decrease or an increase of 9. delta Pdef liq/delta Ppl over a given range of Ppl, increases progressively from bottom up. For a given height the greater the initial /Pdef liq/, the greater delta Pdef liq/delta Ppl. When /Pdef liq/ was decreased by injecting liquid into the pleural space at FRC, delta Pdef liq/delta Ppl decreased. Hence, delta Pdef liq/delta Ppl depends on the initial Pdef liq, i.e. upon the initial tightness of fitting of the pleural membranes. A model interpretation of this relationship is provided. PMID- 7280379 TI - Pressure--volume relationships of tracheae in fetal newborn and adult rabbits. AB - The physical properties of the trachea in fetal, newborn, and adult rabbits change with age. Tracheal dimensions and pressure--volume relationships were determined in excised tracheae at a wide developmental age range (from early gestational age to infancy and adulthood). At intraluminal pressures of 0 to 10 cm H2O, the tracheal specific compliance was 0.089 (cm H2O)(-1) for a 21 day old fetus. By adulthood, the tracheal specific compliance decreased five fold to 0.017 (cm H2O)(-1); a dramatic proportion of this reduction occurred during fetal life itself, followed by a steady, progressive decline to adult age. The volume of the tracheal segment, at intraluminal pressure of 20 cm H2O, increased by 29% (adult), 41.5% (31 day fetus) and 113% (21 day fetus). Developmental alterations in the specific airway compliance suggest significant changes in anatomical dead space would occur as a function of maturation and airway transmural pressure. PMID- 7280378 TI - Vertical distribution of perfusion and inspired gas in supine man. AB - In order to specify if a closing volume greater than expiratory reserve volume could influence the distribution of perfusion (Qr), we measured vertical Qr in 6 supine subjects before and after inhalation of an oxygen enriched gas mixture. In addition, we studied Qr and inhaled gas (V alv.) at different lung volumes. We observed a preferential perfusion of non-dependent zones of the supine lung during tidal breathing from FRC correlated to the amount of airway closure represented by the difference between FRC and closing capacity. After oxygen breathing, the distribution of perfusion is reversed and flow is preferentially distributed in the dependent zones of the supine lung. This O2 sensitive effect was time and/or volume history dependent since Qr distribution at FRC after a breath to total lung capacity was similar to that after 3 min of tidal breathing with oxygen mixture. At FRC, the ventilation was preferentially distributed to the non-dependent lung zones. The vertical gradient of both Qr and V alv. increased progressively at higher lung volumes and Va/Q ratios were usually greater in non-dependent zones. PMID- 7280380 TI - The role of the pneumotaxic mechanism in the tachypnea of pulmonary vagal origin. AB - The tachypnea due to stimulation of pulmonary vagal irritant and J.receptors with histamine (5%, aerosol) and phenyldiguanide (150 mu g, i.v.) was studied in 11 pentobarbitone anesthetized cats before and after uni (UL) and bilateral (BL) lesion of sites of the pneumotaxic mechanism. BL prolonged the timing parameters of spontaneous and occluded breaths (no phasic input from pulmonary stretch receptors) more under drug stimulation than in control: thus the shortening effect of drug stimulation increased going from intact to BL. Drug stimulation caused a decrease in volume threshold for inspiratory cut-off and this effect was reduced by about 50% by BL. Under hyperoxic iso-PCO2 conditions drug stimulation reduced the respiratory output (indexed by the rate of change of the pressure developed in the airways during occluded breaths) and this effect was left unaltered by BL. The results suggest that the pneumotaxic mechanism plays a role in the reflex respiratory excitatory frequency effect resulting from activation of irritant and J receptors while it seems to be excluded from a control on respiratory output. PMID- 7280381 TI - The effect of the resistive loading of inspiration and expiration on pulmonary stretch receptor discharge. AB - Anesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats were used to examine the hypothesized role of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (PSR) in the control of breath duration. Initially, graded inspiratory and expiratory resistive loads were added to elucidate the inspiratory and expiratory volume-time relationship with both vagi intact. Unilateral vagotomy increased the slope of the VI--TI relationship indicating a reduction of the volume related modulation of TI. PSR frequency (fPSR) at end-inspiration also progressively decreased resulting in a fPSR--TI relationship qualitatively similar to the VI--TI curve. Expiratory resistive loading also produced an increased slope for the VE--TE relationship when the right vagus nerve was severed. The prolongation of TE was associated with a progressive increase in the number of PSR discharges during the loaded expiration. These results support the hypothesized role of PSR in the vagally mediated prolongation of TI and TE during resistive loading. In a subsequent series of experiments, the changes in fPSR were correlated with the tidal volume and transpulmonary pressure (PTP) changes. The fPSR was linearly related to PTP during both eupnic and loaded breathing. When fPSR was plotted against volume, a clockwise hysteresis was observed. These results suggest that in the spontaneously breathing cat, intrathoracic PSR frequency varies as a function of the transmural pressure across the airways. PMID- 7280382 TI - Panting in dogs: paths of air flow in response to heat and exercise. AB - Panting is the major avenue of evaporative cooling in dogs exposed to heat and/or exercise. We found modulation of evaporation was achieved by varying the paths of airflow during inhalation and exhalation. The direction of airflow through the nose and mouth was determined by measuring pressure changes and temperature at the openings of one nostril and the mouth in three dogs (av. weight 22 kg). Rates of oxygen consumption and respiratory evaporation were measured simultaneously. Three patterns of panting were observed as the demand for respiratory evaporation increased: (I), inhalation and exhalation through nose; (II), inhalation through nose, exhalation through nose and mouth; and (III), inhalation through nose and mouth, exhalation through nose and mouth. Pattern I was observed in resting dogs when ambient temperature was below 26 degrees C and when animals ran at slow speeds in the cold (e.g. 0.8 m . s(-1) at 10 degrees C). Patterns II and III were observed when dogs rested quietly at ambient temperatures above 30 degrees C and during exercise except when dogs ran slowly at very low temperatures. Patterns II and III rarely occurred independently for long periods of time. Instead, there was normally a continual oscillation between the two. The proportion of the time that the dog used Pattern III instead of Pattern II increased as temperature and/or speed were increased; but the correlation between rate of respiratory evaporation and the percentage of time Pattern III was utilized was weak (r2=0.63). PMID- 7280383 TI - Pulmonary oxygen transport during activity in lizards. AB - Oxygen consumption (MO2), effective alveolar ventilation (Veff), arterial and alveolar PO2 (PaO2, PAO2) and the alveolar-arterial PO2 difference [(A--a)PO2] were determined in the lizards Varanus exanthematicus and Iguana iguana at rest and during treadmill exercise at 35 degrees C. In both species, Veff increased more rapidly than MO2 giving rise to an increased PAO2. In contrast, PaO2 remained unchanged through the highest levels of MO2 attained. As a result, the (A--a)PO2 increased with increasing MO2. We suggest that the observed increase in (A--a)PO2 may be due to a rather low pulmonary oxygen diffusing capacity (DLO2) and limited capacity to increase DLO2 during exercise. Arterial desaturation was prevented by a compensatory hyperventilation, thus enhancing the gradient for alveolar-capillary gas exchange. These results indicate that both lizard species increase pulmonary oxygen transport sufficiently so that it is not a limiting factor to aerobic scope under the conditions of this study. PMID- 7280384 TI - The Basenji-Greyhound dog: antigen-induced changes in lung volumes. AB - Subdivisions of lung volume, closing volume (CV), pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn) were measured before and after bronchial challenge with Ascaris suum in seven ascaris-sensitive Basenji-Greyhound (BG) crossbreed dogs. RL increased from a control value of 1.41 +/- 0.43 (mean +/- SE) cm H2O/L/sec to 21.4 +/- 5.15 (P Less Than 0.01) and Cdyn decreased from 163 +/- 32 ml/cm H2O to 43 +/- 11 (P Less Than 0.01) in the first 15 min following ascaris-antigen aerosol (AAA) challenge. Vital capacity (VC) decreased from 1581 +/- 147 ml to 944 +/- 86 (P Less Than 0.005) ml and residual volume (RV) increased from 381 +/- 63 to 577 +/- 68 ml (P Less Than 0.005) following AAA challenge. We conclude that the pulmonary mechanical changes in the BG dog following antigen challenge more closely resemble the changes observed in acute human asthma than do changes occurring in the mongrel dog. PMID- 7280385 TI - In vivo O2 and water vapor permeability of the hen's eggshell during early development. AB - The area of the chorioallantois was measured from the time it makes contact with the eggshell membranes on day 6 until it has completely enveloped the egg content on day 12. The oxygen uptake and air cell O2 tension were also determined during this period. These observations allow one to calculate that the O2 flux is confined to those areas of the shell which cover the chorioallantois and that the O2 permeability of the shell (including the outer membrane), KO2, is constant. The water vapor permeability of the shell, KH2O, was also measured. Since the ratio of KH2O/KO2 is essentially equal to the ratio of their diffusion coefficients, DH2O/DO2, it suggests a common diffusion path for O2 and water molecules. PMID- 7280386 TI - Ability of healthy men to discriminate between added inspiratory resistive and elastic loads. AB - Previous studies of the latencies for the detection of inspiratory resistive (R) and elastic (E) loads revealed that R loads were detected earlier in the loaded breath than E loads (Respir. Physiol. 34: 267--77, 1978). These results suggested that the load information generated by R and E loads have different temporal patterns. We hypothesized that these differences might provide a mechanism for subjects to accurately discriminate between R and E loads and secondly, that the R and E load sensations perceived by subjects should have different temporal characteristics. To test these hypotheses we studied six healthy subjects in a two-part study. In this first, two levels of R and E loads (near threshold and 4- 5 times threshold) were randomly presented for single inspirations separated by 3 -6 unloaded breaths for a total of 10 presentations each. Subjects indicated detection and type of load perceived by pressing R or E marker buttons. In the second part, using the same loading protocol, subjects squeezed a hand grip dynamometer to express the pattern of perceived load sensation. Results indicate that subjects cannot discriminate between near-threshold R and E load but can discriminate between R and E loads 4--5 times threshold with considerable accuracy. Mean grip responses show that perceived load sensations arise earlier and reach maximum values sooner during R loaded breaths. Grip responses are consistent with the previously reported differences in R and E detection latencies and support the hypothesis that load discrimination is mediated by differences in the temporal pattern of load information generated during R and E loaded breaths. PMID- 7280387 TI - Relations between capillary dimensions and transmural pressure in the turtle lung. AB - The interalveolar capillaries of the turtle lung were treated as a vascular sheet. Dimensional changes in the vascular sheet with transmural pressure were examined in the most vascular portion (anterior and medial segments) of the lung. The sheet thickness increased with transmural pressure by an average value of 0.082 mum . cm H2O-1, but the vascular density (proportion of alveolar surface area occupied by capillaries) did not change. The compliant behaviour of the interalveolar capillaries is compared with respiratory capillaries in other vertebrates and is discussed in terms of its potential effect on pulmonary blood flow. PMID- 7280388 TI - Cranio-caudal distribution of inspired gas and perfusion in supine man. AB - We measured the cranio-caudal distribution (A/B) of slowly inspired gas (VI) and of perfusion (Q) at different lung volumes in 8 supine subjects. When supine closing capacity (CC) exceeded supine FRC, A/B of VI was greater than unity and decreased at higher lung volumes (VL). When CC less than FRC, A/B of VI less than or equal to 1.0 and showed no VL dependence. When abdominal girth/height ratio (Ag/Ht) exceeded 0.50, supine CC was greater than upright CC and A/B of VI was greater. In contrast, A/B of Q greater than 1.0 at all VL and was not related to (FRC--CC). The results suggest that cranio-caudal distribution of inspired gas is influenced by airway closure in the dependent paradiaphragmatic lung regions and that the latter is enhanced in the presence of abdominal obesity. Perfusion distribution is preferential to lung apices, relatively volume independent, and not influenced by airway closure. PMID- 7280389 TI - Effects of pulmonary stretch receptor blockade on laryngeal responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia. AB - Electromyographic patterns of the diaphragm and a posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle were evaluated in anesthetized rabbits with and without reversible blockade of pulmonary stretch receptors by inhalation of 200 ppm sulfur dioxide (SO2). Inspiratory activity of both muscles was increased by hypercapnia and by isocapnic hypoxia, with or without receptor blockade. Expiratory diaphragmatic activity was diminished by these stimuli and was likewise not qualitatively affected by SO2 exposure. Expiratory PCA activity was increased by hypercapnia and hypoxia prior to SO2 exposure, but decreased by these stimuli during stretch receptor blockade. These results are consistent with the previous finding that vagal afferents facilitate expiratory PCA activity, thus maintaining a patent laryngeal airway, even in the face of increased carotid chemoreceptor afferents, which inhibit expiratory activity of the PCA muscle. The results further indicate that some or all of the afferents responsible for this effect are from pulmonary stretch receptors. PMID- 7280390 TI - Apneusis and apnea after parabrachial or Kolliker-Fuse N. lesion; influence of wakefulness. AB - Comparisons were made between the effects of bilateral lesions of either the nucleus parabrachialis medialis (NPBM) or the Kolliker-Fuse (KF) nuclei in bivagotomized, spinalized and immobilized cats. In a first group animals were electrolytically decerebrated; in a second group animals were locally anaesthetized and atraumatically restrained (semi-chronic encephale isole preparation). Lesions resulted in: (1) a marked increase in TI (apneusis); (2) 50 -80% decrease in amplitude of the integrated phrenic discharge (IPD); (3) variable lengthening, of TE. Following KF lesion, effects were significantly larger on TE in the decerebrate group, and on TI in the encephale isole group. In the encephale isole group awakening reduced TE and TI and brought them close to their prelesion values following both NPBM and KF lesion; on the other hand light sleep induced by pentobarbital led to expiratory apnea after KF lesion and reduced IPD amplitude to zero after NPBM lesion. It is proposed that the onset, tonic drive and cut off of the I discharge are normally controlled by three differently weighted influences originating from NPBM, KF and reticular formation respectively. PMID- 7280391 TI - What is the effective delta PO2 in a gas-phase diffusion system? PMID- 7280392 TI - [Extra-articular processes in psoriatic osteoarthropathy]. PMID- 7280393 TI - [Correlation of hip joint involvement and subcutaneous nodules with the severity of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7280394 TI - [Joint changes in infectious diseases. 1. Infectious bacterial arthritis]. PMID- 7280395 TI - [Correlation of values of the latex-ASL test and the antistreptolysin reaction in the diagnosis of streptococcal diseases]. PMID- 7280396 TI - [Idiopathic aseptic necrosis of the femoral head]. PMID- 7280397 TI - Epidemiology of blindness in the Middle East. PMID- 7280398 TI - Blindness in Thailand. PMID- 7280399 TI - Aspects of ocular disease in Southern Africa. PMID- 7280400 TI - Viral ocular infections now in Tunisia. PMID- 7280401 TI - [Trachoma, pinguecula and pterygium]. PMID- 7280402 TI - [Characteristics and unknowns of TRIC agents (trachoma--inclusion conjunctivitis)]. PMID- 7280403 TI - Topical meclocycline in the treatment of trachoma in lower Egypt. PMID- 7280404 TI - [Abstracts of the 12th National Congress of Microbiology, Mexican Association of Microbiology]. PMID- 7280405 TI - [Chagasic cardiopathy in the north of Chile. A clinical, epidemiologic and electrocardiographic survey in Salamanca, Combarbala and Illapel, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280407 TI - [Comparative in vitro activity of aminoglycosides and rifampicin upon bacteria from clinical specimens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280406 TI - [Surveillance of adverse effects of antituberculous therapy upon the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280409 TI - [Weber-Christian panniculitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280408 TI - [Colchicine for familial Mediterranean fever (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280412 TI - [Prevalence of bronchial asthma in children of Santiago, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280413 TI - [Value of lymph node biopsy in the diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis]. PMID- 7280410 TI - [Mechanism of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280414 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase activity in irradiated rat and rabbit tissues]. PMID- 7280415 TI - [Cerebral bioelectric activity and urinary catecholamine elimination in thermal stress in children]. PMID- 7280411 TI - [Coronary spasm and Prinzmetal's angina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280417 TI - [Somatic manifestations in gonosomal syndromes. II. Study of Klinefelter's syndrome]. PMID- 7280416 TI - [Somatic manifestations in gonosomal syndromes. I. Study of Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 7280418 TI - [Polypragmatism and its implications for longevity]. PMID- 7280420 TI - [Evaluation of the tolerance of antibiotics for the improvement of intranasal preparations]. PMID- 7280422 TI - [Treatment of severe knee injuries]. PMID- 7280421 TI - [Stability and disposition of ascorbic acid from hydrogels]. PMID- 7280423 TI - [Sarcoidosis in children. Observations in relation to a case]. PMID- 7280419 TI - [Preparation of stable eyedrops with kanamycin sulfate]. PMID- 7280424 TI - Approach to deontology : meeting the demands of future physicians. PMID- 7280425 TI - [Criteria for the competence of psychiatry in research and medical assistance in criminal pathology]. PMID- 7280426 TI - [Epidemiology of nutritional diseases. I. Introduction]. PMID- 7280427 TI - [The pharmaco-biochemical basis of the use of glucocorticoids in endotoxic shock]. PMID- 7280428 TI - [Prophylaxis and the quality of life]. PMID- 7280429 TI - The chemical pollution of the environment and especially of the water sources which are raising special problems of prevention and combat. PMID- 7280430 TI - [Functional diagnosis of chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7280431 TI - [Atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer]. PMID- 7280432 TI - [Etiopathogenic problems in hypotonic tracheobronchial dyskinesia syndrome]. PMID- 7280434 TI - [Severe external postoperative intestinal fistulas complicated by occlusion and peritoneal abscess]. PMID- 7280435 TI - [Approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of mediastinal tumors]. PMID- 7280436 TI - [Diagnostic value of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (author's transl)]. AB - The present work is an evaluation of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) as a tool for neurological diagnosis. Filtered alternate clicks with monaural stimulation and ipsilateral recording between the vertex and the ipsilateral mastoid have been used. Normative data of the laboratory established in 50 normal subjects, mean age 35 years, and criteria for interpretation are given. 155 patients had or were suspected of having multiple sclerosis. In definite multiple sclerosis (33 patients), BAEP were abnormal in 67 p. 100 of the cases, among them the 4 patients with an internuclear ophtalmoplegia. In probable multiple sclerosis (54 patients) BAEP were abnormal in 41 p. 100 of the cases and in possible multiple sclerosis (68 patients) there were 19 p. 100 with abnormalities. Results show that BAEP are clearly a useful tool for diagnosis in progressive paraplegia, in optic neuritis, and in cases in which symptoms and signs lead to discuss posterior fossa tumours. In 66 patients with suspected or proved tumours (acoustic neurinomas excluded) and in 25 patients with vascular disease, the contribution of BAEP to neurological diagnosis is of unequal interest. In some cases BAEP only confirmed the data of the clinical examination. When tumours were diagnosed with the CT scan, BAEP could help in pointing out the accurate relation of the tumour with the brainstem and the auditory pathways. In 36 patients the contribution of BAEP was important in establishing the rostral extension of bulbocervical tumours or, mainly, in indicating the presence or absence of infiltrating brainstem tumours which were not clearly apparent on the CT scan. PMID- 7280433 TI - [Hypobaric fractionated spinal anesthesia in patients with high surgical and anesthetic risk]. PMID- 7280437 TI - [Cerebral asymmetry and voice recognition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280440 TI - [Effect of the state of activation of the cerebral hemisphere on sensory extinction. A study in 10 patients with right hemisphere lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280438 TI - [Obsessional-type compulsive behavior caused by bilateral circumscribed pallidostriatal necrosis. Encephalopathy caused by a wasp sting]. AB - A previously healthy young man developed encephalopathy after a wasp sting in 1968. Neurological complications included chorea, currently of a minor degree, replaced by buccofacial dyskinesias and compulsive movements. The most disabling consequences were of psychic nature, the patient presenting an unusually marked compulsive activity of an obsessional type. The whole psychic picture however was quite different from that of the usual neurosis, since there was neither anxiety nor doubt, but a mental vacuum contrasting with almost normal intellectual and affective capacities. It was as though there was a loss of the auto-activation system of psychic life, postulated by dynamic psychologists. C.A.T. demonstrated bilateral pallidostriatal necrosis. This suggests that the striatum plays a motor and psychic role. In the field of motor control, its hypoactivity appears to determine not only chorea but dyskinesias similar to tics and compulsive movements. In the psychic field, the striatum appears to play the very general role of an auto-activation system of intellectual and affective life, its deficiency leading to mental activity of a compulsive nature. Improvement in knowledge of striatal biology should clarify not only the basic mechanisms of chorea, but those of tics and obsessions. PMID- 7280439 TI - [Verbal fluency test and sites of frontal lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280441 TI - Assessment of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Boston, Massachusetts, October 6, 1980. PMID- 7280442 TI - Clinical studies of pneumococcal vaccines in infants. II. Efficacy and effect on nasopharyngeal carriage. AB - Two polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines were evaluated in about 200 infants. Vaccination did not affect nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci nor was titer of type-specific antibody, as determined by radioimmunoassay, predictive of subsequent carriage of individual types. Otitis media occurred with equal frequency in vaccinated and in control children. One of four episodes of documented pneumococcal bacteremia occurred after vaccination and was caused by a type contained in the vaccine. No indication of either an efficacious or detrimental effect of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines administered to infants was seen in this study. PMID- 7280443 TI - Use of pneumococcal vaccine for prevention of recurrent acute otitis media in infants in Boston. The Greater Boston Collaborative Otitis Media Study Group. AB - The efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for children suffering from recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) was determined by administration, in a randomized double-blind fashion, of one of two polyvalent vaccines to 124 children aged five to 21 months. The octavalent vaccine contained serotypes commonly associated with AOM: 1, 3, 6A, 7F, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F. The heptavalent control contained serotypes not commonly associated with AOM: 2, 4, 5, 8, 9N, 12F, and 24F. Recipients of the octavalent vaccine experienced significantly (P less than 0.05) less AOM due to serotyes contained in the octavalent vaccine than did children who received the control vaccine. Although the recipients of octavalent vaccine suffered less from AOM due to types in that vaccine than did controls, their clinical experience with AOM was not different. Both groups of children were equally likely to experience at least one episode of AOM after vaccination (70% for octavalent vaccine and 78% for heptavalent vaccine). The mean numbers of episodes of AOM after vaccination also were similar (2.1 for octavalent vaccine and 2.3 for heptavalent vaccine). Similarly, the period of effusion in the middle ear after pneumococcal AOM was identical for both groups. Although immunization with pneumococcal vaccine appeared to reduce the number of episodes of AOM due to serotypes contained in octavalent vaccine, the clinical experience of the children was not favorably affected by this vaccine. PMID- 7280444 TI - Efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in preventing acute otitis media in infants in Huntsville, Alabama. AB - In a study of the efficacy of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccines in preventing otitis media due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, 179 infants were randomly assigned to receive either a "target" vaccine containing serotypes 1, 3, 6, 7, 14, 18, 19, and 23 (which account for most cases of pneumococcal otitis media) or a control vaccine containing serotypes 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, and 25 (which account for few cases). Vaccine (0.5 ml) was administered subcutaneously; a dose contained 25 micrograms of each serotype. The incidence of otitis media due to "target" serotypes was determined in both groups. There were not significant differences between vaccines and controls in either the incidence or etiology of episodes of otitis media before immunization. During a two-year follow-up, no significant difference was observed regarding the incidence of episodes due to "target" serotypes in infants who were immunized after 12 months of age. However, of 66 control infants immunized before 12 months of age, 22 experienced 33 pneumococcal episodes due to a "target" serotype, whereas only 13 of 67 vaccines accounted for 22 such episodes. Among infants who had two or fewer episodes before immunization, four vaccines and 13 controls continued to have episodes of otitis media and became "otitis prone," i.e., six or more episodes (chi 2 = 4.84; P = 0.05). Low levels of serum antibody were not protective, and in one case a level of 609 ng of antibody nitrogen/ml of middle ear effusion was not protective. Thus, although the vaccine may be associated with a lower incidence of otitis media, the results of this study do not show a statistically significant efficacy of the vaccine. PMID- 7280445 TI - Antibody response of patients with Hodgkin's disease to protein and polysaccharide antigens. AB - We examined the antibody response of patients with Hodgkin's disease to a variety of vaccines to formulate guidelines for immunization. During and after treatment for Hodgkin's disease, both pre- and postimmunization levels of antibody to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae type b, and tetanus toxoid antigens were significantly lower in patients than in controls. Impairments in the antibody response were most severe in intensively treated patients and improved as the interval between treatment and immunization increased. The primary, but not the secondary, antibody responses to the hemagglutinins of the influenza virus A/Victoria/75 and A/New Jersey/76 also were impaired in treated patients. Before treatment antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccine was normal regardless of the stage of disease unless treatment began within 10 days of immunization. Levels of antibody decreased during therapy in proportion to the intensity of treatment but remained higher than levels in comparably treated patients who were not immunized at diagnosis. We recommend that patients with Hodgkin's disease receive pneumococcal vaccine at diagnosis at least 10 days before initiation of treatment. Patients who are treated before immunization may be immunized several months after treatment, although the response of heavily treated individuals to vaccination may be marginal. More studies are needed to determine whether reimmunization of patients initially immunize at diagnosis is safe and effective. PMID- 7280447 TI - Pneumococcal antibodies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their response to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides: preliminary results. PMID- 7280448 TI - Summarized vs. type-specific analysis of antibody to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. AB - Type-specific analysis (based on the measurement of concentrations of individual types of pneumococcal antibody in sera from many patients) and summarized analysis (based on the measurement of the geometric mean concentrations of many different pneumococcal antibody types in serum from one patient) were compared to determine which type of analysis provided the better measure of central tendency of the response of a patient group to immunization with tetradecavalent pneumococcal vaccine. With use of data from a group of normal children and patients with idiopathic vaccine. With use of data from a group of normal children and patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and the statistical method of linear discriminant analysis applied to the logarithms of the antibody concentrations, type-specific analysis was shown to be the preferable measure of central tendency. PMID- 7280446 TI - Immunization of immunosuppressed patients with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. AB - The antibody response after immunization with capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae of patients with Hodgkin's disease or with carcinoma of the head and neck was studied. Patients with Hodgkin's disease who were immunized prior to the institution of immunosuppressive therapy were capable of responding to each of the pneumococcal polysaccharides evaluated. The level of antibody achieved by the patients is lower than that of normal control subjects. Nevertheless, absolute values were in the range that would be expected to result in protection. The duration of antibody response was not evaluated. Patients with carcinoma of the head and neck did not demonstrate a significant increase in antibody levels after vaccination, which was done at the time of radiation therapy. Two years after immunization antibody levels were lower with recovery at three years. However, these changes were not statistically significant. Decreased levels of antibody to pneumococcal polysaccharide types not present in the vaccine were observed. Studies of patients with carcinoma of the heat and neck demonstrated that radiation therapy has a profound immunosuppressive effect on antibody levels. More selective immunosuppressive therapy and/or an increase in the immunogenicity of the polysaccharides in the vaccine are required for protection of patients with malignancy. PMID- 7280451 TI - Detection of AB antigens on human endothelial cells derived from umbilical cord by measurement of 14C adenine uptake. AB - We have used the uptake of (14C) adenine by human endothelial cells derived from umbilical cord to determine the presence of antigens of the ABO system on endothelial cells in culture. The results indicate that the same ABO type was detectable on endothelial cells by inhibition of the (14C) adenine uptake and on erythrocytes of the cord blood vessel by classical hemagglutination. PMID- 7280453 TI - A family demonstrating the independence between Lutheran and Auberger loci. AB - The family presented here demonstrates the absence of a close relationship between the Auberger loci on one hand and the Lutheran and secretor loci on the other. This absence of a close relationship between the Lutheran and Auberger loci is important in understanding the inhibition mechanism of the Au antigen when in the presence of the dominant In(Iu) allele. PMID- 7280454 TI - [Transient rheological study of blood stored in a liquid state]. AB - The rheological properties of blood stored in different conditions (in liquid state or as globular concentrates in the presence of the classical anticoagulant ACD or CPD solutions, or according to the SAG procedure) have beenn studied with a Couette viscosimeter. Apparent viscosity was measured at very low shear stress (0.05 s-1) as a function of the storage time. Furthemore the dynamic rheological parameters (thixotropy, viscoelasticity and rheofluidification) were determined. Blood viscosity increases strongly as a function of storage time, particularly on whole blood. Its variation is weaker on globular concentrates, particularly with SAG. Thixotropy, viscoelasticity and rheofluidification, on the contrary, are not strongly perturbated. These rheological modifications are closely related with the changaes occuring in the morphology and in the aggregation state of the stored red blood cells. PMID- 7280450 TI - Clinical studies of pneumococcal vaccines in infants. I. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of two polyvalent polysaccharide vaccines. AB - Normal infants, selected at six months of age for participation in one of two separate studies of polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines, octavalent vaccine for Eli Lilly Laboratories (Indianapolis, Ind.) and 14-valent vaccine from Merck Sharp & Dohme (West Point, Pa.), were assigned randomly to groups to receive vaccine at six and/or 12 months of age or to control (unvaccinated) groups. Serum collected at ages six, seven, 12, 13, and 24 months provided pre- and postvaccination geometric mean titers (GMTs) as well as information about persistence of antibody titers. Clinical reactions were monitored by a home visit at 24 hr after each injection. The octavalent vaccine, when given at six months of age, stimulated significant antibody against Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 and against types 3, 7, 18, and 23 when given at 12 months of age; GMTs were significantly higher than those of controls of the same ages (P less than or equal to 0.05). The 14-valent product, given at 12 months of age, was immunogenic against types 6, 7, 8, and 14 when GMTs were compared with those of controls (P less than or equal to 0.05). Vaccination at six months of age was followed by depressed GMTs on revaccination. Natural acquisition of antibody was indicated by rising GMTs in the unvaccinated controls, who had an increase of greater than or equal to 1.8-fold for all types during the interval between six and 13 months of age. By the age of 24 months, GMTs of all groups were similar. Clinical reactions were mild and brief (less than or equal to 36 hr). Results of these studies indicate that modification of the vaccines is needed for improvement of the immunogenicity in infants. PMID- 7280452 TI - Practical application of synthetic A and B blood group immunoadsorbents. AB - The effectiveness of synthetic blood group A and B immunoadsorbents in removing anti-A and anti-B from human sera was evaluated. The sera contained specific alloantibodies and were destined for use as diagnostic reagents. Both Synsorb A(TM) and Synsorb-B(TM) removed all saline anti-A or anti-B activity from 20 sera tested. All trace of anti-A activity detectable by the indirect antiglobulin test was removed from only 20% of sera; anti-B with similar reactivity was removed from 66% of sera. Specific (wanted) alloantibody titres were reduced by synsorb-A in 60% of sera, but were unaffected by Synsorb-B. Despite these shortcomings, such immunoadsorbents are of value particularly when cells of appropriate phenotype are unavailable for absorptions. PMID- 7280449 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine in the institutionalized elderly: design of a nonrandomized trial and preliminary results. PMID- 7280455 TI - [Blood preservation in hospital departments]. PMID- 7280456 TI - [Postoperative reactive hepatitis in the septic patient]. AB - After major surgery some patients, especially those with an infectiouss process or sepsis, develop jaundice which has been called reactive hepatitis, toxic hepatitis, septic hepatitis or benign postoperative cholestasis; these terms do not have a very precise connotation. Eighty patients with postoperative sepsis and jaundice where studied, excluding those with liver or biliary tract disease, hepato-toxic drugs or repeated halogenated anesthetics. All of them had complete laboratory tests, cultures and percutaneous liver biopsy when it was feasible. Thirty five patients were submitted to percutaneous liver biopsy and they are the material for this paper. There was no correlation with the type and duration of the operation, postoperative complications, shock or kind of anesthesia. The main laboratory changes were leukocytosis, neutrophilia, elevation of the bilirubins mainly the direct type and increase of the alkaline phosphatase; transaminases were within normal limits. Cultures were positive in 76% of the cases predominating E. coli, Pseudomonas a. and Proteus, anaerobics were present in 22.8% of the cases. The liver biopsy showed lymphoctic infiltration, hyperplasia of the Kupffer cells, hepatic regeneration and turbid tumefaction; pericholangitis, focal necrosis, retention of pigment and steatosis were less frequent. We consider that the best denomination of these complications is benign postoperative cholestasis. PMID- 7280458 TI - [Use of the duodenal cannula in patients with upper right quadrant pain from causes not determined by Xray]. AB - Duodenal cannulation was incorporated to the medical armamentarium in 1917. Since then, some other technical contributions have improved our diagnostic capabilities. It is most useful in biliary tree diseases; the main purpose of these article was to demonstrate it. We utilized the original Melter Lyon method in 26 patients in whom biliary tree pathology was suspected, they all had negative radiologic studies. Cholecystectomy was performed in each one of these patients, finding chronic calculous cholecystitis in 8 patients, a calculous cholescystitis in 17 and 1 normal gallbladder. In the 26 microscopic studies of the gallbladders, in all of them abnormal findings were observed. No relationship between the type of cholecystitis and the microscopic findings was established. In spite of a few drawbacks the utility of this method is out of question. We believe that duodenal cannulation has a place in the work up of diseases of the biliary tree, duodenum and pancreas. PMID- 7280459 TI - [Serum markers of B virus in chronic active hepatitis]. AB - Serological B virus markers were determined by radioimmunoassay in 25 cases of chronic active hepatitis. One or more of these markers were identified in 13 out of 25 patients. Clinical correlation was made between the presence or absence of the markers. The marker most frequently encountered was anti hepatitis B Core antigen. In general those patients with hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis e antigen had a less favorable clinical course. Those patients who were serological negative to these markers showed frequent elevation of IgG. PMID- 7280462 TI - [Pulmonary function in aspiration pneumonia. Experimental study in dogs]. PMID- 7280460 TI - [Reflux esophagitis caused by hiatal hernia. Electromanometic study of the lower esophageal sphincter and reflux test before and after surgical treatment]. PMID- 7280463 TI - [Uremia and intestinal cicatrization: experimental study in rats]. PMID- 7280461 TI - [Cushing's syndrome induced by the use of dexamethasone administered nasally in spray form. Report of 3 cases]. PMID- 7280457 TI - [Duodenitis caused by Giardia lamblia]. AB - Duodenitis produced by Giardia lamblia occurred in 4.5% of the patients hospitalized in our service. Often was associated with duodenal or gastric peptic ulcer, hiatus hernia and with some other parasitic diseases; particularly with ambiasis. Forty four patients were studied in whom the only cause to demonstrate or explain their symptomatology was the presence of Giardia lamblia in the duodenum. The complaints disappeared after the administration of specific treatment. The clinical manifestations remained an atypic ulcer syndrome without defined rhythm or periodicity; however, heartburn and regurgitation are frequently present. The physical exploration does not help to the diagnosis. Gastric acidity is normal. X-ray studies demonstrate irregular mucosa of the stomach and duodenum and some spastic waves. Duodenoscopy allows to watch inflammatory changes of the duodenal mucosa and rules out peptic ulcer. The diagnosis is confirmed by the demonstration of the parasite, present in the fluid aspirated from the duodenum during the endoscopy. PMID- 7280464 TI - [Human Capillaria hepatica infection. Report of a case treated successfully]. PMID- 7280465 TI - [Surgical treatment of ptosis of the breast]. PMID- 7280466 TI - ["Respiratory brain" in a patient with solitary plasmacytoma]. PMID- 7280468 TI - [Cardiorespiratory function in young bronchitis patients, mostly mineworkers, before and after kinesitherapy and exertion training. Comparison with a control group (Preliminary results)]. AB - We have studied the effects of respiratory physiotherapy and physical training on the cardiopulmonary function of patients with early chronic bronchitis and broncho-obstruction presumably at the beginning stages. The trained group was compared with a control group who was treated with infra-red rays on the thorax. Both groups were treated during four weeks. All patients were less than 50 years old and all were smokers. They complained of dyspnea on exertion (stage 2 ECCS), cough and expectoration for at least one year. Their spirometry and airway resistance values were normal or near normal but at least two of the following functional indices were altered in all: the He residual volume, the slope of N2 phase III and/or the He bolus phase IV. In the trained group, functional indices of central or peripheral airway obstruction did not change after the four weeks of treatment. On the contrary, the slow vital capacity (SVC) and the peak expiratory flow (PEF), which are presumably more influenced by the force of respiratory muscles, were significantly increased after respiratory rehabilitation. During steady-state exercise of moderate intensity 1.) a slight increase of pH (P less than 0.1 at a VO2 of 1.5 l/min and 1.75 l/min), perhaps due to a lessened lactacidemia, 2.) a decrease in ventilation (VE) (P less than 0.1 at a VO2 of 1.25 l/min) and 3.) a reduction in the alveolo-arterial gradient (AaDO2) (P less than 0.1 at a VO2 of 1.25 l/min) were observed. In the control group there was no change of respiratory functional indices at rest or during exercise after treatment. The reduction of AaDO2 observed in the trained group could be due to an improvement of pulmonary gas exchange. This was small, however, and probably without clinical significance. We believe that the improvement of dyspnea noted in the trained group could be due to the increase in ventilatory performance (SVC, PEF and VE) and to a better O2 extraction in the peripheral muscles. PMID- 7280467 TI - [Mineworker's dyspnea. 2. Evaluation of blood gas analysis using arterialized blood from the earlobe]. AB - The authors compared the results of measurements of blood gases on arterialized blood taken at the earlobe and on arterial blood collected at the brachial artery. The measurements were made at rest and during exercise with the main pre occupation of the respective feasibility and relevance of both techniques in epidemiology. Ninety-four in-patients suffering from respiratory diseases at various stages of their evolution were concerned by this investigation. The techniques of blood collection were standardized. In particular the authors took care that the blood samples were collected simultaneously at the brachial artery and at the earlobe. All blood samples were taken by the same trained experimenter. All the measurements were performed by the same experienced medical analyst. Both types of samples were compared by means of an apparatus Corning 165. As the authors also had a Corning 175 at their disposal, it was possible to investigate the importance of the factor "apparatus" in the differences which were stated. An approach of the role played by the measurement cells in these differences was possible by studying simultaneously by means of the Corning 165 a same sample of arterial blood before and after transfer in a heparinized capillary. The results suggest that the measurements on arterial and arterialized blood are concordant in in-patients at rest with the applied normalisation. During exercise, the differences are greater; nevertheless they are not large enough to reject the technics on arterialized blood in epidemiology. On the other hand the authors confirmed the observation of numerous other investigators showing that the method on arterialized blood gives on the average rise to underestimation. This might result from the technical characteristics of the measurement cells. PMID- 7280469 TI - [Dust control in Belgian coal mines. Status at the beginning of the year 1981]. PMID- 7280471 TI - Malaria infection in Anolis lizards on Martinique, Lesser Antilles. PMID- 7280470 TI - [The status of pneumoconiosis in the French coal mines in 1980]. PMID- 7280472 TI - [Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Report of a case in Buriticupu (State of Maranhao, Brazil)]. PMID- 7280473 TI - "In vitro" development of Trypanosoma butantanense Arantes and Fonseca, 1931. PMID- 7280474 TI - Solubilization of antigens of S. mansoni adult worms for the passive hemagglutination test. Preliminary reports. PMID- 7280475 TI - Study of serum proteins in Indians from the Alto Xingu, Central Brazil. PMID- 7280476 TI - [Total hemolytic complement and C3 and C7 components in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis]. PMID- 7280478 TI - Kinetics and histopathology of the ear thickness test for delayed hypersensitivity in murine leishmaniasis. PMID- 7280477 TI - [Determination of total hemolytic complement and C3 component in patients with schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 7280479 TI - [Serological conversion for toxoplasmosis in children of a health center of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 7280481 TI - Osteoid osteoma in an elderly patient. PMID- 7280480 TI - Study of cell mediated immune responsiveness to soluble egg antigen and phytohaemagglutinin using the lymphoblast transformation test in human schistosomiasis mansoni in Egypt. PMID- 7280483 TI - Problems in the assessment of disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Serial assessments of disease activity using clinical, laboratory and thermographic indices were made on 20 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) before and after active in-patient exercise classes and two months after discharge. Clinical measurements and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate suggested decreased activity by the time of the final assessment but plasma viscosity and thermography suggested increased activity and levels of C-reactive protein were unchanged. Functional improvements occurred mostly during the in-patient period. A wide range of complement levels was found but did not change, and IgG rheumatoid factor levels were negative throughout. The problems of laboratory assessment in AS are stressed. PMID- 7280484 TI - Thermography in the assessment of peripheral joint inflammation--a re-evaluation. AB - The reproducibility and sensitivity of quantitative infra-red thermography as a measure of peripheral joint inflammation was reassessed. Experiments were carried out in a temperature-controlled room at 20 degrees C. Initial stabilization experiments showed that in normal, medium sized, joints, there was an initial rapid cooling phase followed by a slower cooling phase which lasted longer than two hours. In the knees the differences between normal and active rheumatoid joints increased the longer patients remained in the room but for practical reasons a 30-minute stabilization period was subsequently chosen. In views of hands and fingers, rebound increases in skin temperature after entering the room, together with lesser differences between inflamed and non-inflamed joints, were found. The results suggested that the thermographic technique examined was adequate for detecting inflammatory changes in knee, ankles and elbows but unsatisfactory for quantification of inflammation in the small joints of the hands. PMID- 7280482 TI - Expectations and outcome of total hip replacement. AB - The preoperative function, expectations of pain relief and expectations of improvement in activities of daily living were compared with the results nine months after total hip replacement in 145 patients with osteoarthrosis or rheumatoid arthritis. patients improved functionally and their expectations generally were met. They were most satisfied with improvements in pain relief and mobility but 28% still expressed disappointment because specific expectations were not fulfilled. The expectations of doctors were higher than those of occupational therapists. PMID- 7280485 TI - The dynamic vertical force distribution during level walking under normal and rheumatic feet. AB - Normal subjects and patients with rheumatoid arthritis and varying degrees of foot involvement have been studied using an apparatus which measures the dynamic force distribution under the foot during walking. There was a significant change in the walking pattern of the patients, expressed in slowing the speed of walking, lowering the heel-strike and push-off impacts, increasing the double support period and reducing the amount of impulse taken by the forefoot. As a result, the localized peak loads and impulses were not higher than those of the control group, but moved from the medial side of the foot towards the centre, and the ratio of peak to average load (force concentration factor) at this region increased. PMID- 7280486 TI - Knee function after intra-articular hydrocortisone. AB - The effect of intra-articular hydrocortisone on knees affected by rheumatoid synovitis has been assessed objectively by the use of an electrogoniometer. The range of flexion during walking has been shown to improve, in some cases into the normal range, and this effect was maintained to a significant degree for eight weeks in a group of 12 patients. Function was shown to improve more slowly than pain and this may have an important bearing on future assessment of anti inflammatory drugs.ion during walking has been shown to improve, in some cases into the normal range, and this effect was maintained to a significant degree for eight weeks in a group of 12 patients. Function was shown to improve more slowly than pain and this may have an important bearing on future assessment of anti inflammatory drugs.ion during walking has been shown to improve, in some cases into the normal range, and this effect was maintained to a significant degree for eight weeks in a group of 12 patients. Function was shown to improve more slowly than pain and this may have an important bearing on future assessment of anti inflammatory drugs. The benefits of hydrocortisone have been measured against intra-articular saline in a single-blind study and shown to be significant both symptomatically and functionally. PMID- 7280487 TI - Gold lung. AB - A rare syndrome of acute pulmonary damage due to gold therapy is described. It appears to be an entity separate from the usually reported side-effects of gold. It has a good prognosis, responding to the cessation of gold and to corticosteroid therapy. Apart from this syndrome of acute pulmonary damage, there is, as yet, no convincing evidence to incriminate gold as a cause of other pulmonary manifestations which have been attributed to rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7280488 TI - Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle. PMID- 7280489 TI - Prevalence of the tarsal tunnel syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Forty-eight patients with definite of classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied for the presence of tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS). Nerve conduction velocities and distal latencies were determined in a constant temperature room and the findings compared with a group of 35 normal, age-matched subjects. After excluding four patients with peripheral neuropathy, a definite delay in the distal motor latency of the tibial nerve was documented in 11 subjects (25%). Two of the 11 had foot symptoms suggestive of TTS. These 11 patients with prolonged distal motor latencies did not otherwise differ from RA patients without TTS in terms of disease duration or severity, treatment, or the presence of foot deformity. Thus, compressive neuropathy of the branches of the posterior tibial nerve is a relatively frequent finding in patients with definite or classical RA. PMID- 7280490 TI - Description, classification and prevention of falls in old people at home. AB - One hundred and twenty-five people aged 65 and over who reported to their doctors that they had suffered falls at home were seen shortly after the fall by a research nurse who obtained a detailed history, based as far as possible on the patient's own statements and on an attempted reconstruction of the fall. Analysis of this description led to a classification of falls based on the nature of the displacing force. In turn, this classification can be used to highlight the necessary preventive action. PMID- 7280491 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: returning patients to work. AB - Fifty-two patients with stable rheumatoid arthritis were followed-up for one year after being referred to the Disablement Resettlement Officer for work counselling. The proportion of patients employed following work counselling initially increased from 35% to 67%, falling to 57% after one year. In addition, 44% of patients "off sick" were re-established at work by job modification. Comparison of patients employed or unemployed one year later indicated that successful employment was related more to social and environmental factors than disability ro financial considerations. PMID- 7280493 TI - The myth of human evolution. PMID- 7280492 TI - An investigation into the problems of easy chairs used by the arthritic and the elderly. AB - Groups such as the arthritic and the elderly are particularly susceptible to seating problems. An extensive questionnaire to determine the nature and extent seating difficulties was given to patients at rheumatology clinics and members of day centres for the elderly in Leeds. Forty-two per cent of subjects had some degree of difficulty in rising from their easy chair at home and of these 18% either experienced great difficulty or could not rise unaided. Only 13% had chairs designed to aid rising (e.g. high chair) and 40% of subjects thought their chair could be improved. Thirty-four per cent said that their easy chair caused them pain or discomfort. Information about subjects' body dimensions and their easy chair dimensions was also collected. Further research based on the survey results is planned in order to develop criteria for the design of easy chairs for the arthritic and the elderly. PMID- 7280494 TI - An introduction to the study of biological rhythms. PMID- 7280496 TI - On the identity of mind and brain. PMID- 7280495 TI - [Complete testicular feminization in members of the same family (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280498 TI - [Use of the Luria test in neurological diagnosis]. PMID- 7280497 TI - [Arginase activity and polyamine content of some regions of the rat brain during postnatal development]. PMID- 7280499 TI - [Localizing significance of the Raeder syndrome]. PMID- 7280500 TI - [X-linked congenital hydrocephalus. Recognition and prevention of a serious cerebral malformative pathology of a familial nature]. PMID- 7280502 TI - [Familial intracranial aneurysms]. PMID- 7280501 TI - [Visual hallucinations of hypnagogic character: a possible complication of vertebral angiography]. PMID- 7280503 TI - [Computerized tomography in intracranial expansive processes]. PMID- 7280504 TI - [Metastatic compression of the carotid sinus with syncope (Preliminary note)]. PMID- 7280506 TI - [Sonography of the testes with a new 5 MHz transducer (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on sonography of the testicles with a 5 MHz transducer. Attention is drawn to the outstanding image quality even without a water flowpipe. Sonography offers a diagnostically wide scope in diseases of the testicle, varicocele being the only field where thermography continues to be the method of choice. PMID- 7280507 TI - [X-ray morphology of Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on the x-ray morphology in 52 patients with Crohn's disease (part of a multicenter study for the purpose of therapy control). The most frequent morphological sign was the so-called "string sign", also known as Kantor's sign (55%). Changes in the mucosal relief were also very frequent (45%). Chief localisation was the terminal ileum (64%), exclusion affection of the colon being rare (8%). The formation of a fistula is described as the most important complication; a rare one occurred between rectum and vagina. In two cases pseudopolypous changes were seen. The article also discusses the various aspects after surgery for Crohn's disease. PMID- 7280505 TI - [Embolization of cerebral angiomas. Prospects and limitations]. PMID- 7280508 TI - [Studies on the excretion of contrast media passing through the biliary system (author's transl)]. AB - Opacification of the bile ducts was found to be optimal 30-60 minutes after drip infusion for 20-60 minutes. The radiographs were taken at times between 15 and 120 minutes after the infusion. Opacification was assessed subjectively by the radiologists and objectively by transmission densitometry. The concentration of the contrast material in the blood shows a multi-compartment system with a rapid component of 30 minutes and a slow component of 2-4 hours. The normal; normalization can be expected after about 3 months. PMID- 7280509 TI - [Importance of the preparation for the double contrast examination of the colon (author's transl)]. AB - In a consecutive series of 299 routine double-contrast studies of the colon, X ray films were examined prospectively for remaining stool in the colon. In 47%, the radiological diagnosis was restricted by stool. There was no statistic significant difference in patient's sex and age, and also none in the abnormal radiological findings compared to the group with good cleaning. The results elucidate important steps in preparing the patient for a clean colon: (1) the necessity of the radiologist being active in the preparation. (2) Written instructions and explanations must be given to every patient. (3) Regular motivation of the physicians and nursing teams is essential. Only a clean colon ensures early detection of colorectal polyps and efficient prevention of colorectal cancer. PMID- 7280510 TI - [Influence and importance of dacarbazine and BCG in sonography of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - Basing on results obtained in a group of 30 patients with malignant melanoma, the authors investigated the influence of therapy with cytostatics and of immunotherapy with dacarbazine or BCG, respectively, on the sonographic findings in examination of the liver. In 6 patients, we recorded a larger echo reflex pattern subsequent to therapy, similar to the observations made in diffuse changes in the liver and in the formation of multiple metastases in the liver. This complicated the differential sonographic assessment in respect of excluding multiple liver metastases. Diffuse growth occurred in three patients; we did not observe any extended branches of the protal vein, nor did we see any changes in the biliary tract pattern. PMID- 7280511 TI - [Duplication of the oesophagus (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on the authors' own observation of a patient with duplication of the oesophagus. Basing on this case, the possibilities of the evolutionary origin are discussed briefly. The significance and decisive importance of x-ray film diagnosis in gastro-intestinal duplication is underlined. PMID- 7280512 TI - [Radiological Examination in renal trauma (author's transl)]. AB - Radiological examinations occupy a very important position in the clarification of the diagnosis of traumatic changes observed in the kidneys, the emphasis being on considerations of differential therapy. The most important of all the examinations is the excretion urogram; the first, although unspecific, pointers are supplied by roentgenography without contrast medium. The only safe sign confirming that rupture has occurred, is the extravasation of contrast medium. Immediately angiography is mandatory in case there is no excretion of contrast medium; delayed angiography should be performed whenever the situation cannot be properly clarified by means of excretion urography, sonography and computerized tomography. Regular follow-up examinations are imperative following surgical and conservative therapy; this is the only way to detect complications well in time, such complications being relatively frequent. PMID- 7280513 TI - [Complications of transcatheteral occlusion of abdominal arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280514 TI - [The behaviour of the condyli occipitales and of the atlas joint in a woman patient with kyphoscoliosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280516 TI - [Experiences collected with a daylight system (author's transl)]. AB - The Kodak Daylight System is space-saving. It consists of the Kodak-X-Omat cassette, the identification camera and the loading and reloading device (cassette multiloader). All three units of this system are notable for extremely safe operation. Handling is simple and easily appreciated. All brands of film can be used. The data window in the cassette is too large; in some cases, important sections of the image can be covered up by the window. Automatic loading and reloading considerably reduces soiling of the cassette, which is otherwise common, and also reduces abrasion of the intensifying screen. Introduction of this system has had a beneficial effect on overall working and has been welcomed by all concerned as a contribution towards facilitating routine work. PMID- 7280518 TI - [Treatment of intra-epithelial and micro-invasive epithelioma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7280519 TI - [Treatment of invasive epithelioma of the uterine cervix in its limited forms (T1 and proximal T2)]. PMID- 7280520 TI - [Treatment of distal t2 and t3 epitheliomas of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7280517 TI - [Calculation of organ doses in roentgenography and x-ray screening (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280515 TI - [Osseous changes in the foot bones in patients with arterial occlusion and simultaneous polyneuropathy (author's transl)]. AB - The present article evaluates 26 cases with arterial occlusion and additional polyneuropathy in diabetes mellitus or chronic alcohol addiction. For comparison, a group of 30 patients with arterial occlusion without neurologically detectable polyneuropathy were also evaluated. It is pointed out that the osseous changes in the foot bone region are due to the additionally existing polyneuropathy and cannot be explained alone by an avascular bone necrosis in arterial vascular occlusion. Changes in the sense of an arthropathy occur in our group of patients even in case of unilateral arterial occlusion, these changes occurring bilaterally in the foot bones; after reconstruction measures in the arterial vascular system, these arthropathic changes in the foot bones continue to advance in case of persisting polyneuropathy. PMID- 7280521 TI - [Treatment of invasive epitheliomas involving the urinary tract or with extension to neighboring organs (urinary t3 and t4)]. PMID- 7280522 TI - [Complications and sequelae of the treatment of cervical cancer]. PMID- 7280523 TI - [Treatment of recurrences and metastases of cervical cancer]. PMID- 7280524 TI - [Plasma lipoproteins. Active metabolic pathway]. PMID- 7280525 TI - [Medical treatment of renal lithiasis]. PMID- 7280526 TI - [Surgical treatment of reno-ureteral lithiasis]. PMID- 7280528 TI - [Endoscopic treatment of urethral stenosis]. PMID- 7280530 TI - [Cholinergics and anticholinergics]. PMID- 7280529 TI - [Critical study of the surgical treatment of impotence in man]. PMID- 7280527 TI - [The prognosis of bladder tumors]. PMID- 7280531 TI - [Normal ech-anatomy of the upper part of the abdomen]. PMID- 7280532 TI - [Ultrasonography of the liver and gallbladder]. PMID- 7280533 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of jaundice and pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 7280534 TI - [Ultrasonography of kidney diseases]. PMID- 7280535 TI - [Echography of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 7280536 TI - [Abdominal fluid accumulation. Abscesses. Emergencies]. PMID- 7280537 TI - [Ultrasonography of the spleen]. PMID- 7280538 TI - Tenth Scientific Session of the Faculty of General Medicine, Charles University, Prague. Microorganisms and infection. Prague, April 29, 1981. Summaries of presented papers. PMID- 7280539 TI - A new computerized method for hearing aid fitting based on measurements at the ear drum. AB - A computerized system is described for measuring a hearing aid's etymotic frequency characteristic on patients. A small-scale clinical investigation using this equipment showed that rather large differences can be found between a hearing aid's frequency characteristic as measured according to IEC 118 (using a 2 cc coupler) and the etymotic frequency characteristic as measured by probe microphone at the ear drum. The investigation shows that in practice it is difficult to optimize the etymotic frequency characteristic by modifying the hearing aid and the ear mould. Measurements of the etymotic frequency characteristic using several different hearing aids, but with the same ear mould on the same test subject showed only limited variation in the upper limiting frequency. PMID- 7280541 TI - Waardenburg's syndrome: the need for family investigation and genetic counselling. PMID- 7280540 TI - Factors influencing hearing after stapedectomy. AB - Surgical results of stapes surgery have been evaluated postoperatively after 3 years, in 834 subjects with otosclerosis. The following audiological tests were used: (1) the air-bone gap; (2) pre- and postoperative speech reception thresholds (SRT); (3) postoperative SRT related to the air-bone gap; (4) the BC loss at 4000 Hz. PMID- 7280542 TI - Noise, hearing and hypertension. PMID- 7280543 TI - On the use of click-evoked electric brainstem responses in audiological diagnosis. IV. Interaural latency differences (wave V) in cochlear hearing loss. AB - Interaural latency differences (ILDs) of wave V of the brainstem electric response (BSER) were studied (1) in 20 normal-hearing subjects at 90, 80, 60 and 40 dB HL click level, (2) in 22 patients with symmetrical cochlear hearing loss at 90 dB HL, corresponding to 45-80 dB SL, and (3) in 45 patients with asymetrical cochlear hearing loss with interaural recruitment, at 90 dB HL on one hand and at a click sensation level corresponding to 90 dB HL in the poorer ear (range 10-75 dB SL) on the other hand. In the normal hearing group the ILDs did not exceed 0.2 ms except in one case at 40 dB HL (0.3 ms). In the symmetrical cochlear loss group the ILD did not exceed 0.2 ms in any patient. In the asymmetrical cochlear loss group the ILD at 90 dB HL exceeded 0.2 ms in 12 cases, but only in four cases after correction for pure tone hearing loss at 4 kHz by 0.1 for each 10 dB above 50 dB HL; at equal sensation levels the ILDs were all zero or negative meaning that the wave V latency was shorter on stimulation of the poorer ear. Assuming ILD to be a valid discriminator between cochlear and retrocochlear lesions, the corrected ILD at equal click hearing levels (90 dB HL), with the critical value set at 0.2 ms, thus gave a 9% false-positive rate whereas the ILS at equal sensation levels, with the critical value set at zero, gave no false-positives. It still remains to be shown that the latter criterion will not increase the number of false-negative results in retrocochlear lesions. PMID- 7280545 TI - Analogue and digital filtering of auditory brainstem responses. AB - Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to monaural 70 dB nHL clicks in normal adults were recorded with wide bandwidth and stored digitally. Using digital to analogue conversion with expanded time, the ABRs were input to a variable band-pass filter. The order of averaging and filtering was unimportant. Low-pass effects were unremarkable. High-pass filtering in the commonly used range 20 Hz to 500 Hz produced severe waveform distortion, causing emergence of artifactual peaks, amplitude increase and decrease, absolute latency decrease and interpeak interval changes. Digital high-pass filtering gave identical results. The distortion increased with the filter order. Using a zero phase characteristic drastically reduced ABR distortion and abolished latency changes except for poorly resolved peaks. Butterworth and boxcar filter moduli gave identical results. At common high-pass frequencies, filter phase distortion dominated the mean square error in ABR estimation. Off-line digital filtering of ABR is both practicable and desirable, especially for facilitating inter-laboratory pooling of data. PMID- 7280544 TI - Severe hearing loss and retinopathy in children: on the possible association with rubella virus infection. AB - Among 145 children with severe hearing loss 35 had a characteristic retinopathy. Only few of these had additional malformations. Most of these children (28) were born during the months September through February. Rubella antibodies were present more frequently than in matched controls. No such difference was found for cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus hominis. PMID- 7280546 TI - Early noise-induced hearing loss in teenage boys. AB - A hearing examination of 538 teenage boys in vocational school classes--implying future on-the-job noise exposure--showed a hearing loss (greater than 20 dB HL at any frequency) in 15% of the cases. Few correlations could be demonstrated between hearing loss and specific leisure time activities. There was, however, a correlation between high frequency hearing loss in the left ear and hereditary hearing loss. The most affected frequency was 6 kHz, suggesting a noise etiology- a suggestion emphasized by the noisy hobbies of these teenagers. It cannot be excluded that a hereditary deficiency could either manifest itself as a localized dip at 6 kHz or reveal itself as an increased vulnerability to noise, identified at young age as a high frequency dip at 6 kHz. PMID- 7280547 TI - Effectiveness of aftercare for older people prescribed a hearing aid for the first time. AB - The evidence of the effects of various aspects of the organisation of hearing aid services are reviewed. It is concluded that evidence is becoming available of the importance of the range of aids in determining level of use achieved by patients. However little is known about the effects of aftercare. Two different forms of aftercare service are compared, one of which provided a routine visit at two weeks to a sample of first-time hearing aid users and the other of which provided help only to those who sought it by returning to the hospital. The patients who had the former service showed significantly higher levels of use of their hearing aids compared with the latter group. This data also confirmed that the new National Health Service (NHS) BE10 series aids are used substantially more than was the body worn OL56 and irrespective of aftercare. Implications for the organisation of services are that a first essential is an acceptable range of hearing aids. Secondly, it is essential that the fitting, care and use of the aids are effectively taught. Finally the organisation of aftercare should be such that the patients' performance is monitored against specific criteria in an on going fashion using senior staff economically to deal with the most difficult patients. PMID- 7280548 TI - Determinants of abnormal renal sodium handling in cirrhosis: a reappraisal. PMID- 7280549 TI - Renal function and body composition before and after intestinal bypass operation in obese patients. AB - The distribution volume of [51Cr]EDTA, as an estimate of the extracellular fluid volume (ECV), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary excretion rate of endogenous creatinine (uc), as an index of muscle mass, were determined in obese patients before and after intestinal bypass operations. The results were compared to those in non-obese controls with the same age and height. GFR, ECV and uc were all significantly increased to the same extent (about 40%) in thirteen patients examined before operation (overweight 86-159%). Means of the ratio GFR/ECV and standard GFR (i.e. GFR corrected to a body surface area of 1.73 m2) did not differ from those in the controls. In eight patients examined before and 1 year after operation (body weight reduction 23-79 kg), GFR were unchanged and remained normal. ECV was significantly increased by 20% in nineteen patients investigated 1-7 years after operation (mean overweight 42%) whereas the mean of uc did not differ from that in the controls. Using the ratio GFR/ECV as reference for the function of the kidneys, the present study shows that the renal function in otherwise healthy obese subjects is normal throughout the whole range of overweight, and that standard GFR is a reliable parameter to assess the renal function even in patients with extreme obesity. The body weight reduction following intestinal bypass operation is in part due to fall in muscle mass, but the results suggest that a normal relation between body cell mass and body water is not achieved. PMID- 7280550 TI - Protein synthesis in hyperfunctioning human thyroid tissue. AB - The rate of protein synthesis was examined in vitro in thyroid tissue slices. The material was obtained from euthyroid patients operated on for hyperparathyroidism and from hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease pre-operatively treated with propranolol alone. The rate of protein synthesis was calculated from the incorporation of [3H]leucine radioactivity in the soluble thyroid proteins (mainly the colloid proteins), the amount of soluble protein per mg tissue and amount of DNA. Based on these figures it was observed that the rate of protein synthesis was 3.2 times higher in the hyperfunctioning thyroid tissue than in the normal tissue. A significant correlation was observed between this activity factor and the serum concentrating of thyroxine. It is concluded that the increased hormone formation in hyperthyroid Graves' disease at least partly depends on an increased rate of protein synthesis in the follicular epithelium. This could be due to stimulation by thyroid immunoglobulins, but other pathogenetic mechanisms may be responsible. PMID- 7280551 TI - The importance of lysozyme for the viscosity of sputum from patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - Addition of lysozyme (1 g/l) to sputum from patients with chronic obstructive lung disease increased the viscosity of the material significantly. The effect was prevented by addition of salt (LiCl) in the high concentration (0.25 mol/l). The sole addition of salt decreased the viscosity of native sputum. These results together with our earlier [5] studies of the interaction between the positively charged lysozyme and the negatively charged mucin molecules in model systems, indicate that lysozyme acts as a cross-linking agent in mucus by an electrostatic mechanism. Lysozyme is thus, at least partly, responsible for building up a macromolecular network giving mucus its characteristic gel-like properties. PMID- 7280552 TI - Cardiovascular reflexes in short-term diabetics with normal physical working capacity. AB - The aim of the study was to elucidate whether disturbances of sympathetic and parasympathetic control of cardiac functions appear in short-term diabetics. For this purpose, cardiovascular reflexes [resting heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia, Valsalva manoeuvre, orthostatic test] and physical working capacity were investigated in fifteen maturity-onset diabetics (aged 40-60 years, duration of diabetes 1-9 years) and nineteen healthy volunteers. All diabetics had normal sensory tests, positive Achilles tendon jerks, and no signs of retinopathy or nephropathy. In the diabetics, HR at rest was increased (in the diabetics 80 +/- 12 vs 69 +/- 9 beats/min in the controls, P less than 0.01), the Valsalva ratio was decreased (P less than 0.01) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia decreased (P less than 0.05). In contrast, the physical working capacity was not altered. This study demonstrates impairment of cardiovascular reflexes in short-term diabetics, most likely due to neuropathy of the vagal nerves. PMID- 7280553 TI - Effect of arterial and venous pressures on transcutaneous oxygen tension. AB - The effect of changes in arterial and venous pressures on transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) were studied in ten young subjects. The tcPo2 electrode was mounted on the foot, and changes in blood pressures were induced by elevating and lowering the foot and by inflating a cuff around the thigh. tcPo2 decreased gradually during elevation at a rate of 1% per mmHg reduction in arterial pressure. tcPo2 increased during dependency and venous stasis, at a rate of 0.5% per mmHg increase in venous pressure. We propose that tcPo2 is a function of the blood flow under the electrode, and that normal blood flow regulation is abolished in the heated tissue under the electrode. PMID- 7280554 TI - Correlation of transcutaneous oxygen tension to blood flow in heated skin. AB - Blood flow regulation in the foot under a heated (43 degrees C) transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPo2) electrode was studied in six young subjects. Blood flow under the electrode was estimated from the electrical power consumption of the thermostatistically-controlled heating element in the electrode. Changes in arterial and venous pressures, and thereby in perfusion and transmural pressure and blood flow were induced by elevation and lowering of the foot and by venous stasis. tcPo2 was significantly and positively correlated to the blood flow under the electrode, and blood flow neither showed autoregulation nor vasoconstrictor response as judged from the power consumption. In contrast the blood flow in normal unheated skin measured simultaneously by the 133-Xenon technique showed autoregulation as well as vasoconstrictor response. It is concluded that tcPo2 is a parameter determined by many variables, of which the arterial blood pressure is of particular clinical importance. PMID- 7280555 TI - Effect of anticonvulsant and antidepressant drugs on iodothyronines in serum. AB - Serum iodothyronine concentrations were measured in patients on long-term therapy with one or two anticonvulsant drugs. Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and carbamazepine (CBZ) reduced the serum levels of thyroxine (T4) free T4 index, reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2), whereas the depressant effect on the serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and free T3 index was small but statistically significant. In patients administered DPH and phenobarbital (PB) or CBZ and primidone (PD) the serum iodothyronine levels were also depressed, except for normal T3 and free T3 index. Patients receiving only PB or PD had normal serum levels of total and free thyroid hormones, but decreased concentrations of rT3 and 3,3'-T2. Only supratherapeutic concentrations of DPH and CBZ added in vitro to control sera significantly reduced the number of T4 and T3-binding sites, as reflected in increased T4 and T3 uptake test results. This indicates that the DPH and CBZ-induced decrease in thyroid hormone concentrations in vivo is not due to a displacement of thyroid hormones from their binding sites on serum proteins. The antidepressant drugs amitriptyline and mianserin had no effect on the thyroid hormone levels in serum. PMID- 7280556 TI - Exercise electrocardiogram in patients with normal and abnormal coronary arteriogram. AB - The predictability of normal and significantly abnormal coronary arteriogram from history, symptoms during exercise test and post exercise ECG changes was examined in seventy patients with chest pain consistent with effort angina. The combined criteria (1) increasing chest pain until interruption of the exercise test plus (2a) appearance or increase of a biphasic T wave post exercise or (2b) a previous acute myocardial infarction, were found to have a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 94%. Substituting ST depression for the T wave criterion did not increase either figure, nor did adding ST depression as an alternative criterion to the T was biphasicity. As inspecting the T wave configuration is simpler than measuring the ST depression, T biphasicity seems to be an alternative to ST depression. The only factor found in all patients with abnormal coronary arteriogram was chest pain increasing continuously during the exercise test until its interruption. The pain pattern occurred only in 71% of patients with normal arteriogram, and thus the absence of this pain pattern may be used to avoid some normal coronary arteriographies. PMID- 7280557 TI - The production of 14CO following the administration of 2-[14C] glycine in normal subjects determined by an oxygen washout technique. AB - The endogenous production of 14CO during the first week after administration of 2 [14C]glycine, i.e. the early peak of 14CO derived mainly from erythropoietic and hepatic haem turnover, was measured in six normal subjects. Samples from the body CO store were collected by washout of CO with oxygen breathing, CO concentration of expired gas was determined with an infrared CO-meter and, for determination of 14C activity, CO washed out was oxidized to CO2 in a trapping system and absorbed in ethanolamine. The endogenous production of CO was measured with a rebreathing technique and the production of 14CO was calculated. The specific activity and total amount of circulating red cell haemoglobin haem was determined to calculate the potential late peak of 14CO production. The method for determination of 14CO expired was demonstrated to be specific and reproducible and no haemolysis induced by the sampling procedure was detected. The average production of 14CO was 6.94 nCi/24 h the day after injection of 100 muCi of labelled glycine and decreased gradually to 1.08 nCi/24 h on day 8. The early labelled peak was 32.9 +/0 8.1 nCi (mean +/- SD) and the potential late labelled peak 221 +/- 30 nCi. The early peak represented 13.0 +/- 2.9% of the calculated total production of labelled CO, a figure significantly lower than erythropoietic and hepatic haem turnover calculated from total bilirubin or CO production and red cell life span, probably due to the hepatic component being underestimated by the radiolabelled precursor method. PMID- 7280558 TI - Schizophrenia and ego psychology. AB - The psychology of hallucinations has been viewed as an "etiopathogenetic" tool for the diagnosis of schizophrenia (Schizophrenia Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1979). This phenomenological misrepresentation is criticized as possibly damaging for both the schizophrenic and the drug abuser. The need to accept the often chronic course of schizophrenia as an organic disease is discussed. PMID- 7280559 TI - A psychofeedback approach to schizophrenia. AB - Annitto (1981) has criticized my work on the nature of hallucinations (March 1979). One of his points--the need to take the patient's affective state into account--is valid. His other criticisms--that I propose to use my outline of hallucination types for diagnostic purposes and that I have blamed the patient- are serious misconstructions of my work. A number of psychological techniques used for alleviating hallucinations in an acute schizophrenic patient are described. A psychofeedback approach, based on the biofeedback model used in psychosomatic medicine, is proposed as a modifying treatment for some schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7280560 TI - Measuring deviant eye tracking. AB - The two indices that have been proposed for quantifying the accuracy of smooth following eye movements are shown to be interchangeable. This algebraic fact will permit comparability of values between laboratories only if workers who employ the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) as their index measure S and N as the total signal and noise power, respectively, in the eye movement record. PMID- 7280561 TI - Scaling community attitudes toward the mentally ill. AB - The measurement of public attitudes toward the mentally ill has taken on new significance since the introduction of community-based mental health care. Previous attitude scales have been constructed and applied primarily in a professional context. This article discusses the development and application of a new set of four scales explicitly designed to measure community attitudes toward the mentally ill. The scales represent dimensions included in previous instruments, specifically, authoritarianism, benevolence, social restrictiveness, and community mental health ideology, but are expressed in terms of an almost completely new set of items that emphasize community contact with the mentally ill and mental health facilities. Data from a study of community attitudes about neighborhood mental health facilities in Toronto are used to test the internal and external validity of the scales. Results of the analysis provide strong support for the validity of the scales and demonstrate their usefulness as explanatory and predictive variables for studying community response to mental health facilities. PMID- 7280562 TI - An empirical investigation of psychotherapy with schizophrenic patients. AB - We examined the experience of schizophrenic patients who had been in psychotherapy for 1 year or longer. Therapists and their patients in a university affiliated community mental health center were interviewed. One year later, followup interviews were conducted. Characteristics of participating patients, descriptions of therapy, behavioral changes, and relationships among these variables are reported. A comparison group of schizophrenics not in psychotherapy was interviewed once. The schizophrenic patients who maintain psychotherapies are isolated and quite impaired. Most patients and therapists report that psychotherapy helps; but there is little evidence of improved social functioning. Therapies that are associated with improved patient behavior are often conducted by more experienced therapists, and participants describe the therapeutic relationship in similar terms. Therapies without associated improvement are described in dissimilar terms by the participants. Results support the thesis that the process of psychotherapy with schizophrenics is related to outcome. Implications for training residents are discussed. PMID- 7280564 TI - A symptom analysis of the DSM-III definition of schizophrenia. AB - With the recent introduction of DSM-III has come a renewed interest in psychiatric classification. The development of specific criteria for diagnosis was designed to objectify heretofore suspect diagnostic procedures. However, this potential objectivity may be offset by shortcomings in the specific symptoms that define the syndrome. The experiment reported examined the DSM-III definition of schizophrenia by analyzing the characteristics of the individual symptoms. Certain problem areas are noted, and recommendations are made as to how the definition might be strengthened. PMID- 7280563 TI - Comparative description of the SADS and PSE. AB - The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS), Part I, and the Present State Examination (PSE) are both structured interviews to assess the present psychiatric condition. The present article attempts to provide researchers with information that may help them to decide which of the two instruments would be most suitable for their purposes. We describe the similarities and differences in the instruments' development, purpose, method, content, training requirements, reliability, and validity to point out their relative strengths and weaknesses for psychiatric assessment. Essentially, the PSE is, by both content and method, a mental status examination. The SADS, Part I, is, by content, an amalgam of a mental status examination and a history of the present illness, but, by method, is a history of the present illness. Neither comprises a complete traditional assessment of the current condition. PMID- 7280566 TI - High-risk-for-schizophrenia research: sampling bias and its implications. AB - The use of parental diagnosis in risk-for-schizophrenia identification has inadvertently resulted in two major sampling biases: an overrepresentation of females among index parents and a 100 percent concordance for schizophrenia between affected target offspring and their parents. The overrepresentation of females among index parents may increase the heterogeneity of the schizophrenic sample by virtue of either misdiagnosis or inclusion of atypical, schizoaffective schizophrenics. Thus, the target samples studied in current high-risk research are not only psychometrically unrepresentative of all schizophrenics, but also may contain a substantial number of offspring with atypical, largely affective schizophrenias. Complementary risk identification strategies are discussed, and the nature of the schizophrenias as a heterogeneous group of disorders is emphasized. PMID- 7280565 TI - Borderline personality disorder: interrater reliability of the diagnostic interview for borderlines. AB - Three interviewers, working in pairs and using the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB), interviewed three samples of 10 adult psychiatric inpatients. The two members of each interviewer pair alternated in the role of interviewer. Each member of the interviewer pairs completed the interview schedule and scored the protocol according to the instructions provided by the authors of the DIB. Interrater reliability was determined for each interviewer pair using the Kappa statistic. Reliability values were at about the level reported recently by Spitzer, Forman, and Nee (1979) for DSM-III axis I diagnoses in general. Additional statistical analyses were performed to determine whether there were patient sex differences on DIB scores, whether the two male interviewers differed from the female interviewer in their ratings of male or female patients, and whether experience differences among the three interviewers were reflected in their rating of patients. Among the latter analyses, the only significant finding was that in the interviewer pair consisting of a very experienced male psychiatrist and a male first year psychology graduate student, the former rated male patients as less borderline than did the latter. No other difference was found among raters, or between sex of patient and interviewer sex or amount of clinical experience. It was concluded that the DIB is sufficiently reliable for use in clinical research. PMID- 7280567 TI - Habituation and conditioning of skin conductance responses in children at risk. AB - This investigation extends the findings reported by Salzman and Klein (1978) concerning the skin conductance response (SCR) of the offspring of parents who had been hospitalized for a psychiatric illness. Skin conductance during rest and during experiments testing habituation and conditioning of the SCR was recorded in 7-year-old (n = 42) and 10-year-old (n = 57) children. Among the 7-year-olds, 11 had a parent with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, 12 had a parent with a diagnosis of affective psychosis and 19 had a nonpsychotic parent. Among the 10 year-olds, the corresponding distribution was 13 (schizophrenic), 20 (affective), and 24 (nonpsychotic). The results indicate (1) no marked tendency toward either rapid or absent habituation in the offspring of schizophrenics; (2) evidence of significantly greater conditioning among the 10-year-old offspring of schizophrenics; (3) only very weak evidence of greater responsiveness to intense stimuli among the offspring of schizophrenics; (4) no evidence of differences in SCR recovery time among the three groups of children; and (5) differences between diagnostic groups among the 10-year-old children in the pattern of tonic skin conductance levels across experiments. Differences in results between the two age groups were unexpected, but may represent either heterogeneity of diagnosis in the parents or developmental trends in electrodermal activity in the children. In sum, the results of this study produce only partial confirmation of the findings reported in the earlier investigation. PMID- 7280568 TI - Affective memory and schizophrenic anhedonia. AB - Two experiments attempted to isolate and measure schizophrenic anhedonia as it is reflected in the mnemonic processing of affectively laden stimuli. In the first experiment, subjects were required to sort a list of words repeatedly, each in terms of pleasantness, until a consistent sorting was achieved. Then, they were unexpectedly asked to recall the list. Schizophrenics' total recall was comparable to that of normals; but while normals recalled significantly more pleasant than unpleasant words (a Pollyanna tendency), such differential recall was absent in schizophrenics (anhedonia). These results were complicated, however, by the intrusion of semantic variables into the affective processing. In the second experiment, human faces were used to minimize semantic intrusions. Subjects were induced to encode photographs of faces in the context of favorable unfavorable personality traits, and their recognition memory for these faces was subsequently tested. In spite of comparable overall performance, normals recognized significantly more favorably than unfavorably encoded faces, and such asymmetric recognition was absent in schizophrenics. Furthermore, a significant Group by Affect interaction emerged. The results were taken as evidence of schizophrenic anhedonia and normals' Pollyanna tendency. Nonschizophrenics also served as controls but their results were equivocal. Several problems which may be typical in the experimental investigation of affect were discussed. PMID- 7280570 TI - First person account: third side of the coin. PMID- 7280569 TI - Inpatient art therapy: implications and applications for training. PMID- 7280571 TI - To tell or not to tell. AB - The three articles in this At Issue section all deal with important aspects of patient education. In the article below, B.F. Hoffmann discusses the problem of telling the patient this diagnosis, and the therapeutic issues that must be considered in this process. In the second article, M. Linden and R. Chaskel focus on issues of informed consent in patients undergoing long-term pharmacotherapy, and present results of a study that assesses how much patients really know about the benefits and risks of their treatment program. Finally, C. Pilsecker describes his experiences in teaching a class about schizophrenia to hospitalized patients, and their understandable difficulties in accepting the fact that even the best, most recent research studies provide few certain answers about this puzzling disorder. PMID- 7280572 TI - On educating schizophrenics about schizophrenia. AB - Hospitalized schizophrenics attended a class on schizophrenia (1) to learn about their illness; (2) to try to understand why they are sometimes labeled schizophrenic and sometimes not; and (3) to try to determine the validity of their diagnosis. Many attendees appreciated the class while others, by not attending the second of two sessions, raised questions about its appropriateness for them. PMID- 7280574 TI - Evaluation of the quality of life of the schizophrenic outpatient: a checklist. AB - The quality of life of schizophrenic patients has become an important issue, both in the community and in the hospital. Treatment programs should be individualized to improve patients' quality of life, which calls for both flexibility and detailed assessment of patients' patterns of existence. Described is the Quality of Life Checklist for recording judgments of the patient's situation in a systematic way, to make sure that important areas are not overlooked. It is simple, easy to use, and potentially a useful tool for evaluation, and for planning relevant and individualized interventions. A pilot study in 40 schizophrenic patients demonstrated its utility. The troubles of schizophrenia are not exclusively a medical and psychiatric rehabilitation problem. Other agencies and other professionals have a responsibility for our patient's quality of life and to deal with social problems that are beyond the usual scope of our own capabilities and expertise. PMID- 7280573 TI - Diagnosis of schizophrenia: a critical review of current diagnostic systems. AB - The data relevant to the evaluation of six systems for diagnosing schizophrenia are reviewed. They are summarized in terms of the reliability, predictive validity, specificity, and comprehensiveness of each system. Unfortunately, none, of these systems (Schneider's First-rank Symptoms, New Haven Schizophrenia Index, Flexible System, Feighner Criteria, Research Diagnostic Criteria, and DSM-III) have established construct validity. It is noted therefore that they are all, in a sense, arbitrary. Choosing one over another cannot be data-based. Because the elevation of any one diagnostic system to an official status is thought to be premature, clinicians and researchers alike are advised to exercise caution and openmindedness in their use of DSM-III. There is as yet no evidence that its criteria for schizophrenia are either less arbitrary or better (in identifying a group of "true" schizophrenics) than those of other systems or DSM-II. PMID- 7280575 TI - Nursing homes and chronic mental patients. AB - Nursing homes play an important and controversial role in the community-based care of chronic mental patients. Confronting the reality of this role can help us recognize problems in the rationales for deinstitutionalization and community care. Problems with three concepts that were central to deinstitutionalization are examined--the total institution, institutional neurosis, and social reintegration. Furthermore, two concepts are presented that were overlooked in the haste to initiate deinstitutionalization--custody, asylum, and treatment functions in society; and the role of patient expectations. Finally, suggestions are made about how nursing homes can play a more constructive role in mental health policy. PMID- 7280576 TI - Impaired speed of information processing in nonmedicated schizotypal patients. AB - There is increasing evidence that schizophrenia is associated with an attentional or information processing deficit or both. These "early deficit" theories challenge the position that schizophrenia is primarily a disorder of thinking and higher cognitive operations. A tachistoscopic backward masking task was applied in matched groups of 20 schizophrenic, 20 schizotypal, and 20 depressive psychiatric inpatients. Resulting data are an index of visual input factors and speed of information processing. Paranoid schizophrenic and schizotypal subjects had unimpaired visual input thresholds but abnormally slow processing compared with the depressives. Since all the schizotypal subjects were nonmedicated, the data add important support to the hypothesis that impaired speed of information processing in schizophrenia spectrum disorders is due to schizophrenia per se and is not secondary to medication effects. These data also support the theoretical link between schizophrenic and schizotypal patients. The importance of the results is discussed, with emphasis on the hypothesized relationship between information processing dysfunction and symptom formation in the schizophrenias. PMID- 7280577 TI - The effect of a dual level word list on schizophrenic free recall. AB - Three-category dual level, three-category single level, and six-category single level word lists were presented for single trial free recall to 18 normals and 18 schizophrenics in remission. Schizophrenic recall was significantly inferior to that of normals across all three lists. Normals produced more clustering than schizophrenics, but the difference was not significant. Across both groups, the three-category dual level list produced significantly more recall than the other two lists. The three-category dual level list and the three-category single level list produced significantly more clustering than the six-category single level list. The results were interpreted as indicating that the schizophrenic's memory structure is similar to that of normals. It is suggested that the schizophrenic's recall deficit is not due to a lack of structure, or an inappropriate structure, but rather to a lessened tendency to utilize such structure. PMID- 7280578 TI - Mystical experience and schizophrenia. AB - Autobiographical accounts of acute mystical experience and schizophrenia are compared in order to examine the similarities between the two states. The appearance of a powerful sense of noesis, heightening of perception, feelings of communion with the "divine," and exultation may be common to both. The disruption of thought seen in the acute psychoses is not a component of the accounts of mystical experience reviewed by the author, and auditory hallucinations are less common than visual hallucinations in the mystical state. The ease with which elements of the acute mystical experience can be induced in possession cults or in an experimental situation suggests that the capacity for such an altered state experience may be latently present in many people. It is postulated that there is a limited repertoire of response within the nervous system for altered state experiences such as acute psychosis and mystical experience, even though the precipitants and etiology may be quite different. PMID- 7280579 TI - The mental hospital revisited: a program. AB - In a pilot program, an active, participatory treatment approach has been implemented in a 32-bed, inpatient setting at the Florida Mental Health Institute (FMHI) and appears to be more effective than a traditional mental hospital treatment modality. This report presents a description of the Psychosocial Rehabilitation Entry Project (PREP) at FMHI. The PREP program encourages client growth, independence, and responsibility through the use of a small group, peer management approach. Research indicates that this approach results in a rehospitalization rate significantly lower than that of patients in a more traditional treatment program. PMID- 7280580 TI - First person account: the Messiah quest. AB - The article that begins below is the fifth in a series of personal accounts to be published in the Schizophrenia Bulletin. In describing his account, the author commented: "The viewpoint is solely my consciousness. The substance of every statement and the specific words in many statements actually occurred to me. Third person narrative was chosen to convey a sense of my psychological distance from the experience. This distance was essential for accomplishing growth. I have described my emotions and thoughts as exactly as possible, and in sufficient detail for the reader to follow the sequence of change in thought from and content. In spite of certain passages in the text, I had never previously felt fervently about any religion, religious figure, or telepathy, and I had never felt harassed by the Central Intelligence Agency. The experience described followed many extreme stresses--death of a parent, end of a longtime romantic relationship, and a career change. Before these events, my emotional and social adjustment had been good...." Brief comments by two clinicans who saw the author during different phases of the experience described are appended to his account. PMID- 7280581 TI - [Amnestic syndrome in children. Observation of a girl after craniopharyngioma operation]. AB - We have followed up the very severe memory troubles of a 12 year old girl after a craniopharyngiomectomy. We discuss the interest of this observation referring in particular to age, since the amnesic syndrome of the child is a little documented area. A tumoral etiology for an amnesic syndrome is rare. In most of such cases craniopharyngioma is at the origin of mnesic troubles in the adult. When craniopharyngioma is quite frequent in the child, an amnesic syndrome is rarely observed. PMID- 7280582 TI - [Neurinoma of the cauda equina (author's transl)]. AB - A rare case of a mobile neuroma of the cauda equina is presented. Myelography, first done by lumbar puncture, showed the tumor at the L1 level. A second myelography, done by suboccipital puncture, showed the tumor at the L3 level, 7 cm more caudal as in the first myelography. Reviewing the literature, 2 similar cases were found. The so-called redundant nerve root is discussed as a possible explanation of the mobility of the tumor. The importance of the precise preoperative tumor localisation is stressed. PMID- 7280583 TI - [Cervical disc herniation: problems in clinical diagnosis and neurosurgical treatment in 51 patients treated by Cloward's operation]. AB - The surgical treatment of herniated cervical discs is more frequent than it was 20 years ago, great progress having been made in diagnosis and especially in surgical techniques. In particular, the anterior access route should be mentioned here. Nowadays over 90% of patients can be freed from radicular pain by an operation. In the present review, problems of clinical symptomatology and surgical treatment have been studied in 51 patients, who all underwent surgery using the classic Cloward technique. The results of the classic Cloward technique, as far as we can judge today, are comparable with those of anterior discectomy without interbody fusion. However, the indications of the two operations are somewhat different. PMID- 7280584 TI - [The drinking patterns of professionally working women of an industrial enterprise in an urban agglomeration of the north-western part of Switzerland, and its relationship to socioeconomic variables, a pilot study (author's transl)]. AB - In the frame of a pilot-study, a statistically non-representative group of 436 women, employed in an industrial enterprise of north-western Switzerland, were questioned on normal drinking habits with regard to alcoholic beverages. The extent of the consumption and the preferences of different types of alcoholic beverages were correlated with socioeconomic variables. The authors point out that, due to the lower average weight by women and to a possibly different distributive factor and therefore a differing blood-alcohol-concentration, the extent of alcohol consumption has to be scaled differently than by men. Women older than 35 years indicate significantly more often a considerable consumption (p less than 0,02). Significant correlation is given between a higher social status of these women and high consumption, be it in connection with the level of professional training (p less than 0,05), the income (p less than 0,001), or the social class of their fathers. No relationships could be found between consumption and marital status or consumption and place of origin. When high consumption is in evidence, there is a significant correlation with the preference for wine (p less than 0,02), beer (p less than 0,005) or aperitifs (p less than 0,05). The different age-groups show only tendencies to prefer the different types of alcoholic beverages. Although wine is the most popular beverage for all the women examined, it is significantly more often mentioned by women over 35 years, followed by aperitifs, beer and hard liquors. Younger women prefer hard liquors (p less than 0,05), older ones more often choose medicated wine (p less than 0,05). There are also correlations to be found between the preference for an alcoholic beverage and professional status as well as the levels of social status of the fathers and income. Wine is preferred by women with a higher income (p less than 0,01), hard liquors by those from a higher social level of origin (p less than 0,05). These results differ from those out of other inquiries in men and women insofar, as the women in this pilot-study drink less and not as often as men. The correlations with regard to the level of professional training, professional status and income are the same as those described with regard to men. Differences however exist when the beverages preferred by women are examined, since the latter more often prefer wine and less often hard liquors than described when men and women are questioned together. PMID- 7280585 TI - [Aggression in its communicative and destructive dimension (author's transl)]. AB - Aggression in the sense of a grasping interest belongs to man so intimately that he wouldn't have reached these performances, these accomplishments and this power he has reached today on the vivid and unvivid nature. If the individual would not interest himself "aggressively" for the human beings surrounding himself, if he would not be "hungry" for human contact he would not associate himself for pairing and groups. He would not look for individuals who are of the same mind. This existential hunger, which is laid down in his nervous system seeking for stimuli, contains always an "aggressive" interest and leads man also towards searching scientifically his own psychosomatic conditions and the whole world. But this hunger can lead in certain men and under favouring conditions in whole groups and peoples to dimensions which endanger individuality and the human pride. This aggression then does not any longer serve communication but further incorporation and power. It is the beginning of the way leading to destruction of human values and human life. The responsibilities of our society should keep in mind that the human readiness for aggression does not drive further in the direction of violence and should rather be developed in the sense originally inherent to her: of an interest in the surrounding human beings and in nature. PMID- 7280586 TI - [Effects of sleep-deprivation on the mood of phasic depressive and healthy subjects; an empirical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280587 TI - [Pericarditis and myocarditis in salmonellosis]. AB - Possible cardiac involvement has been investigated in 103 cases of salmonellosis. 12 patients showed pathological clinical, laboratory and ECG findings suggesting heart damage during the course of the infectious disease. In 2 cases acute fibrinous pericarditis was diagnosed, in 1 case acute effusive pericarditis and in 1 patient acute peri-myocarditis. In the remaining 8 patients the pathological findings suggested the presence of myocarditis. The heart involvement may be the predominating clinical sign, as shown in 3 out of our cases, but in the majority the cardiac symptoms are only very slight. These data indicate that heart involvement is less rare in salmonellosis than is generally thought. On the other hand, salmonellosis should be considered in cases of peri- or myocarditis of unknown origin. PMID- 7280588 TI - [Bowenoid papulosis of the anal genital region: a new disease?]. AB - A report is presented on a 28-year-old female patient who underwent surgery several times for recurring papuloverrucous alterations in the anal-genital region. Microscopically, acanthosis with bowenoid dysplasia was found. Electronmicroscopic examination showed similar alterations to those in Bowen's disease of the skin. No virus from skin lesions or from fluor vaginalis was found. This disease picture can be easily classified as the bowenoid papulosis of the anal-genital region which has been newly described in the last few years. The etiology is unknown at this time, and no definite prognosis is possible. The available observations are discussed and the therapeutic possibilities weighed. PMID- 7280589 TI - [Hemodynamic investigation, a logical approach to the treatment of acute myocardial infarction]. AB - The prognostic and therapeutic significance of different haemodynamic variables and subsets in acute myocardial infarction are analyzed. Eighty-eight patients underwent bedside catheterization by the Swan-Ganz technique. They were subdivided into 4 groups according to initial mean pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) and cardiac index (CI). In group I (PWP less than 18 mm Hg; CI greater than 2.21/min/m2) in-hospital mortality was 2%, in group II (PWP less than 18 mm Hg; CI less than 2.21/min/m2), 8%; in group III (PWP greater than 18mm Hg; CI greater than 2.21/min/m2), 25% and in group IV (PWP greater than 18 mm Hg; CI less than 2.21/min/m2), 67%. Group I corresponds to minimal or mild ventricular dysfunction and group IV to severe ventricular failure or shock. In group III, despite a higher CI, mortality was three times that observed in group II, which suggests that in the absence of clinical signs of hypoperfusion and shock a subnormal cardiac index is not detrimental provided it is not accompanied by tachycardia and increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The hemodynamic patterns of acute myocardial infarction are very variable. Bedside monitoring to evaluate short-term prognosis and form a logical approach to medical therapy represents a major advance in coronary care. The mechanical consequences of acute necrosis may be promptly and often effectively treated, the final goal being the preservation of ischemic myocardium. PMID- 7280591 TI - [Elevation of unsaturated transcobalamin II in autoimmune diseases: study of the process in lupus erythematosis and dermatomyositis]. AB - In an earlier study concerning patients with autoimmune diseases, a more reliable correlation of clinical disease activity was found with raised concentrations of the serum protein transcobalamin II than with several tests now in common use (complement factor C3, antinuclear antibody titer and antinative DNA binding capacity). These findings were subsequently confirmed in long-term observations over 1 to 3 years: the present paper discusses 5 of 7 investigated cases (2 with SLE, 2 with dermatomyositis of changing activity, and 1 with an erroneous diagnosis of SLE) in detail. PMID- 7280592 TI - [First clinical experience with large volume plasma exchange in malignant tumor patients]. AB - An attempt has been made to standardize the method of large volume plasma exchange in tumor patients on the basis of an albumin-electrolyte exchange solution. Problems relating to the alteration of tumor patients' serum proteins are discussed. Three patients with malignancies successfully underwent therapeutic plasmaphereses. PMID- 7280590 TI - [The problem of cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules: a study in an endemic area for goiter in North Sardinia]. AB - In a 5-year prospective study in an endemic area for goiter, 275 patients with solitary thyroid nodules or with predominant nodules in multinodular goiters underwent surgery without selection on clinical grounds. The incidence of cancer was 13.1%. Preoperative diagnosis was based on personal history, local signs and radioisotope data. As compared with histologic findings, clinical and scanning data yielded a diagnostic accuracy of 19% and 31% respectively. 30% of all malignancies were not suspected preoperatively. 100% identification of cancer is possible only it all nodules are excised. Selection is, however, necessary: our data suggested that patients under 20 and over 50 years, all males, and goiters with more than 2 physical and/or scanning signs suspect for cancer should be operated upon. Much unnecessary surgery would be save and most, but not all, cancers would be excised. PMID- 7280593 TI - [Experience with intensive plasma exchange]. AB - Experience with a total of 49 plasma exchanges in 14 patients is reported. All exchanges were performed with the Aminco cellseparator in an attempt to remove documented or suspected antibodies completely. Indications were ABO-barrier before bone marrow-transplantation (6), acute rejection following renal transplantation (3), autoimmune diseases (3), Moschowitz disease, antithrombocytic antibodies and hepatic coma (1 each). The technique was modified to make it possible routinely to exchange 121 of plasma in 4 hours with no major untoward side effects even in anuric or thrombopenic patients. Complete removal of circulating antibodies was possible and often followed by impressive clinical benefit. PMID- 7280595 TI - [Neuraminidase-producing pneumococci in the pathogenesis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. AB - Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) accompanied by pneumococcal infections forms a characteristic subgroup of HUS. Pneumococcal neuraminidase splits off neuraminic acid from the glycoproteins present on the surface of red cells, thrombocytes and endothelial cells, and thus exposes the hidden Thomsen cryptantigen (T-Ag). The T Ag can then react with a complement-fixing antibody of the IgM class which is present in all human plasmas after the age of 6 months. Early diagnosis of T transformation should be attempted. Highly suggestive hints are: pneumonia, hemolytic anemia, reticulocytopenia, difficulties in ABO typing, a positive direct Coombs test and a positive minor cross-match. The definite diagnosis of T transformation is established with the aid of anti-T agglutinins from Arachis hypogaea, the common peanut. Two children aged 19 and 22 months with pneumonia, Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia, HUS and exposure of the T-Ag on the red cell membrane are described. In one of them, circulating neuraminidase and circulating pneumococcal antigen of serotype 3 were found. In both children exchange transfusions resulted in elimination of circulating neuraminidase and of T transformed red cells prone to hemolysis. PMID- 7280594 TI - [New possibilities for immunoglobulin substitution in antibody deficiency syndrome]. AB - The effect of an unmodified immunoglobulin for intravenous substitution in patients with antibody deficiency syndrome (ADS) has been studied. Over 100 doses of Sandoglobulin were administered to ADS patients without any sign of anaphylactoid reaction. There is no upper limit on the quantity infused. Peak values and basal values can be calculated and therapy can be adjusted accordingly. The halflife of the preparation equals that of native IgG in a healthy person. Comparing days with temperature above 38 degrees C (100.4 degrees F), days under antibiotics, and absence from work during equal periods with and without Sandoglobulin, the beneficial effect of this preparation is obvious. Sandoglobulin can be recommended for longterm therapy in ADS. PMID- 7280596 TI - [Coronary heart disease in patients under 35 in Switzerland: round table discussion]. AB - Young patients under the age of 35 years who had had myocardial infarction or angina and in whom selective coronary angiography had been performed were included in a retrospective study. In these 185 patients the importance of the risk factors could be demonstrated. 80% had been smokers, 50% had been obese, and the percentage of positive family history and of hyperlipidemia was elevated compared with an age-matched control group. Angiography showed predominantly one vessel disease, the anterior descending branch being affected in 52%. Few complications after AMI were observed and 30% of the group underwent surgery mainly for angina. The operative risk is low due to the youth and generally good general condition of these patients. PMID- 7280597 TI - [Can ischemia-induced wall motion abnormalities of the left ventricle be predicted by non-invasive thallium-201 scintigraphy? Comparison with the ventriculography test]. AB - To assess the relation between stress-induced perfusion defects and wall motion abnormalities (WMA), 20 patients were studied by thallium-201 (201Tl) scintigraphy and cineventriculography at rest and during exercise. Of 100 analyzed segments, 63 were normal while 13 showed constant (scar) and 24 reversible (ischemia) perfusion defects. At peak exercise, 85% of the scar and 80% of the ischemic segments corresponded to abnormally contracting wall segments. There was a marked correlation between the extent of ischemia and the degree of WMA. The increase in abnormal scintigraphic and angiographic segments from rest to exercise was parallel by a significant deterioration in left ventricular function. It is concluded that (1) ischemic perfusion defects detected by 201Tl scintigraphy correlate well with exercise induced wall motion abnormalities, and (2) the localization, extent and degree of WMA can be predicted by non-invasive 201Tl scintigraphy. PMID- 7280598 TI - [Overall and regional sensitivity of myocardial thallium-201 scintigraphy compared with the number and location of coronary lesions and the presence of previous myocardial infarction]. AB - An evaluation is presented of (1) the overall sensitivity and specificity of 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy in 230 patients with suspected coronary artery disease and (2) the effects of the number and location of the diseased vessels, and the presence of previous infarction, on regional sensitivity in 151 patients. Overall sensitivity was 91% (80%, 95%, 97%) in patients with 1, 2 or 3 vessels respectively. Overall specificity was 81% or 89% if 7 patients with infarction and normal coronaries were excluded. In 80% of patients with one diseased vessel, in 41% of patients with 2 diseased vessels, and in only 24% with 3 diseased vessels were all lesions detected. 201Tl scintigraphy detected 52% of circumflex lesions as compared to 75% of right coronary and 74% of left anterior descending lesions. Of the 151 patients with proven coronary disease, 75 had a previous infarction. Overall and regional 201Tl sensitivity were greater (but not significantly) in this subgroup as compared to patients without myocardial infarction. PMID- 7280599 TI - [Progression and regression of coronary heart disease in chronic infarction stage in patients under 40]. AB - 500 patients under the age of 40 with a history of myocardial infarction underwent a first coronary angiography. 193 patients who had had a first angiogram more than 3 years before were asked to undergo a repeat study irrespective of symptoms during that time interval. 34 patients did not respond, 27 refused, 13 had died, and 5 were excluded for medical reasons. 114 underwent a repeat study on average 3.8 years after the first angiogram. Progression or regression of coronary artery disease was assumed where a difference of 2 grades based on the AHA-classification of stenosis was found. The majority of patients exhibited no change in coronary morphology. Progression was equally frequent in all three vessels. Regression was almost exclusively seen in patients with unilocular disease, occurred predominantly in the LAD and was more frequently seen in patients below 35 years than in the 35-39 age group. Patients with progression of stenosis included a significantly larger number who continued to smoke during the observation period. PMID- 7280600 TI - [Regional myocardial perfusion in coronary stenosis of varying degrees]. AB - Stenoses of the left anterior descending coronary artery of varying severity (15 73% of internal diameter, 20-95% of internal surface) were created in 25 open chest pigs. The regional distribution of myocardial blood flow perfusion was studied by the radioactive microspheres technique at rest and during reactive hyperemia. Reactive hyperemic responses to 10 sec occlusions were used to produce maximal flow increases and to judge the physiological significance of the narrowings in the subendocardial and subepicardial layers in calculating coronary flow reserves. Measurements of coronary reserve are sensitive indices of functional impairment even when resting flow is unimpaired. At 75% stenosis the subendocardial coronary reserve is completely abolished and the zone perfused by the stenosed artery is unable to increase its flow when needed if the experimental conditions do not change. Any further increase in oxygen demand will provoke electrical and metabolic disorders. For abolition of the subepicardial coronary reserve a 94% stenosis is required. PMID- 7280601 TI - [Accuracy of clinical findings in patients with disturbed myocardial function in acute myocardial infarction]. AB - The relationship between clinical findings and invasively measured hemodynamic data was investigated in a prospective trial of 70 patients with acute myocardial infarction. In 26 out of 27 consecutive patients without clinical signs of disturbed myocardial function, normal hemodynamic values were also found invasively. In 43 patients, depressed myocardial function was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical findings. These findings were verified in 38 patients (88%) by means of cardiac catheterization; 5 patients (12%) had normal hemodynamic values. In 26 patients with clinical signs of congestive heart failure, an attempt was made to identify non-invasively those with a low output (cardiac index less than 2/min/m2). Only 3 of the 6 patients with a low output could be identified by clinical examination alone. In one patient a low output was clinically diagnosed despite normal cardiac function measured invasively. In 16 patients, 48 subsequent clinical examinations were performed during treatment of congestive heart failure to identify either persistent elevated left ventricular filling pressure or low output; 15 (31%) were found to be incorrect when compared with the cardiac catheterization data. Patients with acute myocardial infarction and normal ventricular function can be identified with high accuracy by means of clinical examination alone. The clinical diagnosis of congestive heart failure was incorrect in 12% of the patients. A low output state in acute myocardial infarction is often overlooked in clinical examination alone. Of the clinical examinations on patients during therapy, 30% were incorrect. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring in acute myocardial infarction therefore appears to be unnecessary in patients with normal clinical findings, but in those with clinically diagnosed congestive heart failure it is mandatory for precise indication and evaluation of therapy. PMID- 7280602 TI - [Importance of electrophysiologic heart investigation in accessory atrio ventricular pathway]. AB - In 13 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) the findings from electrophysiologic studies have been correlated with the patients' histories. Four patients had had syncopes with tachycardia and at least one episode of cardiac resuscitation (group 1). Five patients with tachycardias had never had syncope (group 2). Group 1 and group 2 had anterograde conduction over an accessory atrio-ventricular pathway (AAVP) during investigation, while 4 patients had concealed pathways (group 3). Age, localization of AAVP, duration of tachycardia history and heart rate during regular tachycardia did not differ in the three groups. Atrial and anterograde effective refractory period of AAVP was shorter in group 1 (280 +/- 10 msec) than in group 2 (328 +/- 15 msec). Shortest RR-interval during atrial fibrillation was 230 +/- 30 msec in group 1 versus 295 +/- 10 msec in group 2. It is concluded that potentially dangerous tachyarrhythmias are due to short refractory period of AAVV. Patients with syncope and WPW-syndrome should undergo electrophysiologic investigation and be selected for controlled antiarrhythmic treatment or surgical dissection of AAVP. PMID- 7280603 TI - [Stimulation rate of lithium powered pacemakers in the event of battery depletion]. AB - Between 1976 and 1977, 347 lithium powered pacemakers with capacity below 1.8 Ah have been implanted at Zurich University Hospital. 25 (7%) had to be explanted after an average of 37.3 months because of premature battery depletion, the reason for which was low resistance electrodes (Elema EMT 588 A and C) in CPI-502 UD and Telectronics 150B. Both types showed a drop in stimulation rate as an EOL characteristic, as predicted by manufacturer. Rate controls at 6 month intervals have proven a reliable means of detecting premature failure. With ARCO Li-3D, prediction of battery depletion was possible only in one case out of 5 because of sudden and unpredictable EOL. In pacemaker dependent patients this type should be explanted by the end of the guarantee period at the latest. PMID- 7280604 TI - [Correlation of preoperative hemodynamics on late postoperative outcome in chronic aortic insufficiency]. AB - 92 patients with severe chronic aortic regurgitation underwent surgery between 1973 and 1977. Patients with coronary artery disease and significant postoperative prosthesis dysfunction were excluded from the study. The overall mortality during the follow-up (1.5-7 years, average 3.5 years) was 8.7%. It was not higher in patients undergoing reoperation or additional operation for aneurysm of the aorta ascendens. The preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume index and end-diastolic pressure, and the cardiac index and cardio-thoracic ratio in chest roentgenogram, did not reliably predict a fatal late outcome. The late postoperative outcome in patients with severely impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (less than 40%), high enddiastolic pressure (greater than 25 mm Hg), low cardiac index (less than 2.2 l/min/m2) and high cardio-thoracic ratio (greater than 0.60) was not worse than in the entire group of patients. Higher postoperative mortality was seen only in patients with a severely elevated left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (greater than 220 ml/m2). PMID- 7280605 TI - [M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography in evaluating mitral stenosis before and after commissurotomy]. AB - A first group of 51 patients with pure or predominant mitral stenosis underwent M mode (M) and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography and cardiac catheterization (cath). After elimination of 3 incomplete cases, the series consists of 48 patients. 20 later underwent surgery. Quantitative correlations between M and cath are poor (r = 0.34, p less than 0.05); however, correlations between 2D and cath were excellent (r = 0.89, p less than 0.001). There were 4 major discrepancies between 2D and cath: 3 of these patients were operated upon and surgery confirmed 2D mitral valve area in all of them. 2D had served to diagnose all 6 cases of mitral calcifications seen at surgery; however, M provided 1 false negative and 5 false positive results with regard to diagnosis of calcifications. A second group consisted of 18 patients who had undergone mitral commissurotomy, 8 of these had a pre- and postoperative echocardiography. 10 also underwent postoperative cath. M appeared to be unable to predict correctly the presence or absence of a recurrence of mitral stenosis. Quantitative correlations between diastolic slope and mitral valve area at cath were poor. However, excellent correlations were found between 2D and cath, showing that 2D also serves to measure mitral valve area after commissurotomy. PMID- 7280606 TI - [How reliable is echocardiography in evaluating the severity of mitral stenosis]. AB - 40 patients with mitral stenosis were examined by M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography. E-F slope, mitral valve closure index and mitral valve area were compared with the invasively determined mitral valve area. E-F slope and closure index correlated with the valve area by an r of 0.65 and 0.62 respectively. The mitral valve area as calculated by 2D echocardiogram showed a correlation with the invasively determined valve area of 0.86 and was even better in patients with sinus rhythm (0.91). However, in severe mitral stenosis (less than 1 cm2) this correlation was only 0.62 by estimating 22% of patients with severe mitral stenosis as only moderate (greater than 1 cm2). It is concluded that whereas E-F slope and closure index are not of use in the quantification mitral stenosis, determination of mitral valve areas by 2D echo is reliable. However, in the severe mitral stenosis group 22% of mitral valve areas were estimated purely numerically by 2D echo as moderate (greater than 1 cm2). PMID- 7280607 TI - [Atrial septum defect: comparison of pre-and postsurgery echocardiographic data in adults and children]. AB - Echocardiographic data in 13 adults and 17 children before and after surgical closure of an atrial septum defect are compared. Before surgery the enddiastolic dimension of the right ventricle was bigger in children than in adults. Septal motion was paradoxal or abnormal in 92% of adults and 65% of children (NS). Two weeks after surgery the right ventricle had decreased similarly in adults and in children, but often remained dilated. Septal motion was normal in 25% of adults and 76% of children (p less than 0.01). Four months after surgery, the right ventricle dimension was unchanged; septal motion was normal in all children but only in 50% of adults (p less than 0.005). This remaining abnormal septal motion after surgery may be explicable by the long-standing presence before surgery of a major shunt inducing chronic disturbances of right ventricular compliance. PMID- 7280608 TI - [Tuberculin screening tests. Open comparative trial of Tine-Test and Monotest versus Mantoux 1:1000 (10 TU) in 119 outpatients]. AB - The two percutaneous tuberculin tests Tine test (TT) (old tuberculin) and Monotest (MT) (PPD-tuberculin) were compared simultaneously with the standard intradermal reaction (Mantoux [MX] 1:1000 = 10 EPPD-RT23-tuberculin) in 119 unselected 16-81 year old outpatients (general medicine) in an open trial. The tests were read after 48 and/or 72 h. Indurations of greater than or equal to 10 mm (MX), greater than or equal to 2 mm (MT) and greater than or equal to 5 mm of one papule or confluescent papules (TT) were considered to be positive. 6-9 mm for MX and 2-4 mm for TT were considered doubtful. The overall agreement with MX (69.7% positive, 27.7% negative reactions) was 92.4% for MT and 68.1% for TT. Regarding sensitivity (false negative reactions), MT provided far better results than TT (8.4% vs. 44.6%). TT performed equally well when the doubtful reactions were reclassified as positive (8.4% false negative). It is recommended that the limit for a positive TT be lowered to greater than or equal to 2 mm, as other authors have suggested. MT always produced easily palpable and measurable indurations, whereas the borderline TT reactions (2-4 mm) were difficult to read and the size of the four papules varied considerably in most instances. Only MT showed significantly more positive readings after 72 h compared to 48 h. MT was better tolerated subjectively than TT with regard to application and skin reaction. The Monotest can be recommended as tuberculin screening test for general practice. PMID- 7280609 TI - [Furosemide and metolazone: a highly effective diuretic combination]. AB - The natriuretic and diuretic effects of combined treatment with furosemide and metolazone have been studied quantitatively. 15 hospitalized patients with severe fluid retention who showed no reduction of body weight despite treatment with furosemide received metolazone in addition for 3 days. 11 patients had biventricular heart failure with edema, and 4 had cirrhosis of the liver with ascites. Following the addition of metolazone at a starting dose of 2.5 mg/d, a highly significant increase in diuresis and natriuresis, with a corresponding reduction in body weight, was seen in all patients pretreated with a daily dose of 40-370 mg furosemide (mean 122 mg/d). On the first day of this combined treatment the mean sodium excretion increased from 131 to 303 mval/d (2 p less than 0.01) and the mean urine volume increased from 1677 to 2940 ml/d (2 p less than 0.01). The mean reduction in body weight was 6.1 kg (2 p less than 0.001) within 7 days of continuous treatment. Even at low doses metolazone significantly potentiates the diuretic effects of furosemide and therefore simplifies the treatment of fluid retention. High doses of furosemide can be avoided in many cases, a factor of particular advantage in ambulatory long term therapy and in patients with decreased kidney function. It may also lower the cost of the therapy. In 3 patients the furosemide dose had to be lowered after metolazone was started, to avoid an excessive negative fluid balance. These cases clearly demonstrate the importance of daily checks on the patient's body weight after starting combined therapy with furosemide and metolazone. PMID- 7280610 TI - [Vitamin D intoxication]. AB - Vitamin D intoxication is not so rare as is usually thought. Three cases of vitamin D poisoning are described, in each of which the indication for treating the patients was reasonable but the dosage was not adapted as it should have been. All three patients recovered within a few days. The mechanism of these intoxications is discussed and emphasis is placed on the prevention of such accidents. PMID- 7280611 TI - [Osteosclerosis associated with systemic mastocytosis]. AB - Case report of a 60-year-old man who had suffered from urticaria pigmentosa for the last 18 years of his life. The main autopsy finding was systemic mastocytosis of the bone marrow accompanied by severe osteosclerosis of the axial skeleton. Histologic examination revealed a characteristic pattern of the bone marrow; it contained foci of mast cells surrounded by a dense network of reticulin fibers, inducing a pathologic structure of spongy bone. A review of the literature confirms the high incidence of osteosclerotic alterations in patients with mastocytosis. These may be considered a sign of bone marrow involvement in urticaria pigmentosa. PMID- 7280612 TI - [Therapy and follow-up in pheochromocytoma]. AB - Following a brief presentation of signs and symptoms in 13 patients with pheochromocytoma, the modern procedures for correct diagnosis and tumor localization are outlined. The importance of adequate preoperative treatment with alpha- and, if necessary, beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents is stressed. The authors also show how the sudden life-threatening blood pressure changes which used to occur frequently during surgical manipulation of the tumor can now be reliably avoided. Pheochromocytoma may arise multifocally; moreover, because the coincidence of pheochromocytoma and associated tumors such as medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland, adenoma of the parathyroid gland, mucosal neuroma, neurofibroma and chemodectoma is considerably higher amongst these patients and their relatives, it is essential to follow up not only patients with pheochromocytoma but also their relatives, in order to detect recurrences or other neoplasms in time. PMID- 7280613 TI - [Thyroid weights and iodized salt prophylaxis: a comparative study from autopsy material from the Institute of Pathology, University of Zurich]. AB - Based on autopsy material from the Institute of Pathology, University of Zurich, thyroid weights and goiter incidence were investigated and the results correlated with goiter prophylaxis. Autopsy protocols of the years 1949/50 adn 1978/79 were reviewed for thyroid weights as well as for age and sex of patients. Average thyroid weights and goiter incidence were determined separately for both sexes and for different age groups. The values for both periods (1949/50) and 1978/79) were compared and related to results reported in the literature. Thirty years ago the mean thyroid weights were very high, although as an effect of goiter prophylaxis with iodized salt, introduced in 1923, the thyroids of younger adults were significantly lighter than those of older groups. 30 years later the thyroids were only half the weight of those in the years 1949/50. Goiter incidence decreased to the same degree. In addition, some preexisting goiters were found to have decreased in size within the 30 year span. The average thyroid weights of adults up to 40 years of age are now largely the same as in regions without endemic goiter. The few remaining goiters may be explained by a still insufficient iodination of table salt. However, other pathogenic factors, e.g. disturbances of hormone synthesis, must also be considered. PMID- 7280614 TI - [Nine cases of imported Malta fever in Basle]. AB - Report on 9 cases of Malta fever seen in Basle, Switzerland, in the first three months of 1980. In contrast to previous reports in the literature, positive blood cultures were found in 8 of the 9 patients. All were infected by direct contact with sheep and the clinical picture was classified in all cases. Therapy with Doxycyclin led to rapid improvement. No severe complications were observed. In the light of these cases the epidemiology, clinical picture, possible complications and therapy of this disease are discussed. PMID- 7280616 TI - [Differentiated pacemaker therapy]. AB - 17 patients were treated by atrial (AAI) or atrial-triggered ventricular pacing (VAT). The atrial electrode was placed using a new endocardial screw-in technique. No complications occurred during a follow-up period of 3 months. Cardiac output at rest was measured in 12 patients before pacemaker implantation and was 3.571/min with VVI pacing at a heart rate (HR) of 70/min and 3.97 l/min (HR 75/min) with AAI or VAT pacing (p less than 0.001). Measurement of cardiac output was repeated in 7 patients with AV-block III degrees 10 weeks after pacemaker implant and the result was 4.40 l/min (HR 77/min) on VAT stimulation. During dynamic exercise in 5 patients, cardiac output under VAT pacing was 20% higher than with VVI pacing. This difference remained unchanged after 10 weeks. It is concluded that atrial electrodes can be placed reliably by the new technique. In contrast to VVI pacing, the hemodynamic benefits of atrial triggered ventricular pacemakers appear to be long lasting. PMID- 7280615 TI - [A "micro" technique for arterial blood gas analysis]. AB - Puncture of the radial or cubital artery with a thin needle of 0.4--0.5 mm diameter connected to a glass capillary is a simple and non-invasive technique for obtaining samples for arterial blood gas analysis. Compared with the conventional sampling techniques using glass syringes and needles of larger calibers, the results, especially with regard to paO2 values, show very close agreement over a wide range from hypoxic to hyperoxic conditions (correlation coefficient r2 = 0.99) if the microsamples are analysed within 10 minutes. Delayed analysis after 30 minutes, however, shows marked underestimation of hyperoxic paO2 (greater than 150 mm Hg) with the microtechnique, whereas paO2 values below 100 mm Hg are still comparable to the macrosamples. The method described provides an accurate arterial blood gas analysis without discomfort or harmful side effects, especially in patients under treatment with anticoagulants. PMID- 7280618 TI - [Tetanus antibody screening in blood donors]. AB - Two ELISA test methods for detection of tetanus antibodies are presented which are suitable for routine screening. Administration of the tests to blood donors shows good average immunization of the Swiss population against tetanus. Due to compulsory immunization during military service, men exhibit markedly higher antibody levels against tetanus than women. Some of the tested blood donors have rather high tetanus antibody titers, and it would be worth collecting plasma from these donors by plasmapheresis for production of a high-titred antitetanus hyperimmunoglobulin. PMID- 7280617 TI - [Cardiovascular risk factors in headquarters staff of the World Health Organization]. AB - Analysis of 2333 medical files of the World Health Organization's headquarters staff in Geneva gives insight into the epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in nationals originating from 67 different countries but living in the same environment. The study confirms well established facts such as the prevalence of hypertension (HT) with respect to sex, age, and period of observation, its consequences and interrelation with high cholesterol levels, diabetes, and obesity. The importance of a medical service with emphasis on prevention is stressed. Major differences in relation to geographic origin are noted for men. The highest percentage of HT (32%) is noted for staff members from Germanic countries. There is a concentric decrease according to nationality: 29 to 25% for the other countries of Central, Western, and Southern Europe, 23 to 18% for the USSR, Arab countries and North America, 9 to 6% for South East and Eastern Asia and African countries south of the Sahara (p less than 0.05 between the extremes). India and Australia do not fit the pattern of concentric decrease, since a high percentage of men in those countries have HT. As the number of files available was insufficient to carry out the same analysis for women or to determine other factors of cardiovascular risk, the study will be extended to cover the staff of other International Organizations in Geneva. PMID- 7280619 TI - [Triage and treatment in juvenile drowning accidents]. AB - Until 1977 the prognosis in childhood near drowning was rather poor. Many children died or survived permanently damaged by hypoxic encephalopathy. In the late seventies new methods of invasive neurointensive care were introduced in pediatric intensive care and were used in selected cases of near drowning. In one center (Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto) the prognosis in those children who remained comatose after the initial resuscitation was significantly improved with these methods. 14 personally observed cases of near-drowning are reported (1978 1980). During this time we were using invasive neurointensive care methods in selected cases (hyperventilation, cooling, barbiturates and others, combined with continuous intracranial pressure monitoring). Four children came under the category "clinical observation", 3 the category "artificial ventilation" (mainly for pulmonary reasons) and 5 the category "artificial ventilation and invasive neurointensive care". Two children were "brain dead" and showed significant cardiovascular instability at the time of ICU admission. Both died, while all the others survived: 11 were completely normal and 1 child was slightly retarded. We conclude that the prognosis in childhood near drowning can be greatly improved by triage, generous use of artificial ventilation and invasive neurointensive care in those children who remain deeply comatose after near drowning. PMID- 7280620 TI - [Sudden cardiac death due to conduction disorder. III. Is the so-called idiopathic AV block caused by a congenital abnormality?]. AB - The aim of this third part is to discuss the nature and origin of the destructive lesion of the conduction system. A total of 53 hearts of patients dying from av block was available for this study, and in morbid anatomy the commonest pattern of lesions responsible for av-block is destruction of the branching bundle and the origin of both bundle branches. The pathological processes found in the heart and conduction system are as follows: ischemic heart disease (49%), surgical lesions (15%), calcificatory destruction (6%), inflammatory destruction (6%), various distinct causes (11%), and primary av-block (13%). Main interest is focused on the group with primary heart block. Morphologically our series shows little fibrosis but an unexplained loss of conduction fibers and strikingly atrophic elements (filiform fibers). At attempt is made to explain the loss of conduction fibers as a consequence of the natural developing process which separates the atria from the ventricles, a separation essential for electrical stability of the heart. It is accepted that the accessory muscle bundles which characterize the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome are a failure in reduction of the muscle fibers running from the atria to the ventricles at an early embryological stage. If this same process runs to excess, the result must be an av-block. We consider a part of the so-called primary av-block to be a consequence of this process. PMID- 7280621 TI - [Sputum viscosity and respiratory tract obstruction in chronic unspecific airway diseases]. AB - The relationship between the physico-chemical characteristics of sputum and pulmonary function tests was investigated in patients with chronic nonspecific airway diseases. 141 sputum specimens were categorized on the basis of neutrophil content as slightly inflammatory (mucoid), inflammatory (mucopurulent) and highly inflammatory. "Apparent" viscosity, fucose and N-acetylneuraminic acid content were determined. Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and maximal voluntary ventilation measurements were performed simultaneously for each patient. "Apparent" viscosity and fucose content did not differ among the sputum categories; N-acetylneuraminic acid was slightly increased in the inflammatory sputa. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between "apparent" viscosity, forced expiratory volume and maximal voluntary ventilation. In contrast, "apparent" viscosity did not correlate with forced vital capacity. As for the bronchial glycoprotein components, fucose correlated directly with "apparent" viscosity, whereas N-acetylneuraminic acid did not. "Apparent" viscosity was approximately the same in all sputum categories; it did not depend on the sputum neutrophil frequency except in the case of the slightly inflammatory, mucoid sputa in which "apparent" viscosity correlated indirectly with the sputum neutrophil frequency. These results show that physicochemical characteristics of sputum or bronchial secretions may play an important role in obstruction of the airways in patients with chronic nonspecific airway diseases. In the case of low inflammation of the bronchi, bronchial glycoproteins produced in the hypertrophied tracheobronchial glands and goblet cells are mainly responsible for increased "apparent" viscosity. With increasing inflammation of the bronchi, factors other than bronchial glycoproteins appear to determine this flow property. PMID- 7280622 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Two rare complications: sudden death, cerebral embolism]. AB - Mitral valve prolapse syndrome is the most widespread cardiac disease (3-8% of subjects presumed healthy) but the auscultatory findings are still too little known and may often cause misunderstanding. Although the prognosis is generally excellent, it may in rare cases be complicated by infective endocarditis, severe mitral regurgitation, rupture of chordae tendineae, severe arrhythmias which may be the cause of sudden death and recurrent transient cerebral ischemic attacks. These last two rare complications are illustrated by two clinical cases, and the pathogenesis and therapy are discussed. PMID- 7280623 TI - [Histologic and cytologic examination of bronchus and transbronchial lung biopsies at different stages of intrathoracic sarcoidosis]. AB - The frequency of bronchial and parenchymal involvement was studied in 44 patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis by means of histologic and cytologic analysis of bronchial and pulmonary biopsies taken through bronchofiberscope. Endoscopy showed mucosal hyperemia with or without superficial granules in 59% of cases. Bronchial granulomatosis was found in 50% of cases at stages 0 and I, in 38% at stage II and in 42% at stage III. Epithelioid granulomas were seen in lung parenchym in 63% of cases at stages 0 and I, in 90% at stage II and 73% at stage III. Cytologic examination of bronchial brushings and biopsy imprints showed epithelioid and/or giant cells in 47% of cases at stages 0 and I, in 70% at stage II and in 68% at stage III. Cytology is therefore very useful in patients presenting with a clinical and radiological picture compatible with sarcoidosis. Bronchial and transbronchial lung biopsies represent the method of choice for obtaining histologic confirmation of intrathoracic sarcoidosis at all stages. PMID- 7280624 TI - [Spurious infections by the small liver fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum) in Switzerland 1976-1980]. AB - The lancet fluke is a common parasite in Swiss sheep and cattle. From 1976 to 1980, 77 patients were found to have eggs of D. dendriticum in the stool. No genuine human infection could be diagnosed, and in all patients the coprologic finding of D. dendriticum eggs had to be considered the result of spurious infections due to the consumption of infected livers. The annual incidence of stool specimens positive for D. dendriticum eggs was between 0.20 and 0.38%. PMID- 7280625 TI - [An analysis of pharmacotherapy in an internal medicine ambulatory care clinic, using the example of cardiovascular-effective drugs]. AB - The use of cardiovascular active drugs at a general internal medical outpatient clinic and its quality are assessed. In the spring of 1980, 209 prescriptions for cardiovascular drugs taken from a total of 1800 prescriptions were prospectively analyzed based on a previous retrospective review of medical records. The requirements for cardiovascular drug therapy, which had been fixed in advance, were met in 80%: thus, in 90% of all prescriptions the indication for therapy could be reconstructed from the medical record; the choice of the drugs used was considered adequate in 80% and the dose in 90%. However, the requested clinical investigations were recorded in only 65%, whereas laboratory tests were done in 90%. Of all drugs, therapy with digoxin was most often used without indication and without clinical follow-up of the patient. In the diuretics group potassium saving preparations were used as drugs of first choice without adequate indication. In addition, therapy with beta-blocking agents in a group of elderly patients was not justifiable by the records. Side effects were registered in 4% of all cardiovascular drug prescriptions. Overall the quality of drug therapy was considered adequate. Cross-comparison was not possible due to lack of comparable studies in the literature. PMID- 7280626 TI - [Clarification of neutropenia]. AB - Detection of neutropenia depends on the white cell count and the differential count, both of which involve considerable error. Pathogenetically, neutropenia can be attributed one of the following mechanisms: insufficient (or inefficient) formation, enhanced destruction or utilization, or--rarely--shift to the marginal pool. Isolated neutropenia should be distinguished from neutropenia combined with anemia and/or thrombocytopenia. The latter is usually due to bone marrow failure, whereas the former depends on peripheral mechanisms. Drug induced neutropenia may appear either as unforeseen acute agranulocytosis (aminophenazone type), depending on preceding sensitization, or as a slowly developing, dose-dependent cytopenia. Gradually developing neutropenia is an early stage of a general disease (collagen diseases, leukemia and other neoplasias, infections). PMID- 7280627 TI - [Clarification of anemia: quality control in the general practice laboratory]. AB - In mailed blood samples from 602 adult patients with beta-thalassaemia trait, a mean MCH value of 20.5 pg with a 2 s range of 17-24 pg was found. These values are identical to those determined in fresh blood samples. Furthermore, the Gaussian distribution indicates that reliable values are obtained in mailed blood samples. From patients with previous blood analyses in hospital and biochemical laboratories the MCH values of the foreign laboratories correlated well with our results (r = 0.87). On the other hand, a poor correlation was observed for private practice laboratories (r = 0.71). The difference of the two correlation coefficients is statistically highly significant (p less than 0.001). There is clearly a need for MCH quality control in the laboratories of many practitioners. Continuous quality control by means of values from healthy persons and the use of stabilized control blood is recommended. PMID- 7280628 TI - [The polycythemias]. AB - The primary polycythemias result from malignant proliferation of myeloid stem cell. Typically, an increase of red cell mass and a decrease of erythropoietin is found. In polycythemia vera, augmentation of PCV is frequently associated with elevation of WBC and platelets, as well as splenomegaly. The treatment consists of venosection and administration of P32 or cytostatics; all of which methods exhibit a specific risk. In secondary polycythemias, augmentation of red cell mass is consecutive to increased erythropoietin production; these hypererythropoietinemias may be induced by hypoxia or, rarely, may result from an inappropriate tumoral (malignant or benign) secretion. "Spurious" polycythemias are finally defined by the more or less normal red cell mass. They are divided into three groups: micropolycythemias, relative polycythemias and "spurious" chronic polycythemias. The latter are frequent and exhibit relatively important morbidity and mortality, and therefore the recently proposed new therapeutic approaches should be considered. Tobacco addiction appears to be one of the major causes of these "spurious" polycythemias. PMID- 7280631 TI - [Eosinophil concentration in nasal secretion in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7280629 TI - [Etiology of hemolytic anemia]. AB - When hemolytic anemia is diagnosed the etiology of most cases can be determined by simple methods: familial and personal history, physical examination and search for erythrocyte morphologic anomalies (spontaneous or induced). These latter are often typical of a particular mechanism of hemolysis. The antihuman globulin test and the screening test for G-6-PD deficiency and sickle cell anemia are included in the routine tests. More specialized tests should be performed only in doubtful cases. For example, the determination of erythrocyte survival by an isotopic method may confirm suspected mild hemolysis. Measurement of several enzyme activities may detect an enzymatic deficiency. Hemoglobin electrophoresis may reveal hemoglobinopathy. PMID- 7280630 TI - [Preleukemic states]. AB - The preleukemic states are disorders which constitute early phases of acute non lymphoblastic leukemia. The nomenclature associated with the preleukemias has been confusing, and therefore the problems of their definition and diagnosis are discussed. The laboratory investigations are reviewed and the contribution of cytogenetic and cell cultures to improved knowledge of the pathophysiology is stressed. The preleukemic states are clonal hematopoietic stem cell malignancies manifested by maturation and proliferation defects of the different cellular strains of the marrow. Treatment of preleukemias remains controversial. While the use of cytostatic drugs is not generally accepted, remissions are reported to have been achieved by polychemotherapy. Chemotherapy in patients with severe complications of cytopenias thus appears to be justified. On the other hand, controlled studies of therapy in preleukemic states are needed. PMID- 7280632 TI - [The nameless pill. The effects and side-effects of the therapeutic use of placebo preparations]. AB - Information is provided on the frequency of therapeutic use of placebos and on the quality and quantity of the effects observed after placebo treatment. The possible causes of these effects and theoretical explanatory models are also discussed. The ethical aspects of the clinical use of placebos are considered and more scientific investigation to enhance unspecific effects of all pharmacotherapy is called for. PMID- 7280633 TI - [Disregard of feelings - an impediment for the development of patient-oriented medicine]. AB - Medicine which considers psychological and social factors to be just as serious as somatic factors meets with obstinate resistance even if "psychosomatics" is part of the official curriculum of many medical schools. Classical psychosomatic studies with a justified claim to be of scientific value, have not changed this situation. Observations of psychosomatics in institutions and in the author's own practice suggest that disdain for emotionality is the basis for rejection of a bio-psychosocial concept. This rejection of emotions finds its unequivocal expression in the physicians' conduct towards patients: the physician showed scant esteem for "soft data". He defines pain for which no organic etiology can be found as "as real" pain and embryos antidepressant medication instead of allowing the patient to "work through" his or her perfectly natural feelings of sorrow, etc. In the light of an example and the literature on "education" it is demonstrated that the childhood of a physicians is held in a state of suppression by the kind of pedagogy which smothers emotions and throttles emotional independence. The future physician then learns to pay attention neither to his own emotions nor to those of his patients. The subsequent lack of respect and empathy towards the patient as an impediment to the development of psychosomatics is discussed, together with possible ways of overcoming these negative influences. PMID- 7280634 TI - [Examination for the prevention of gynecologic cancer in young women: when should cancer prevention begin?]. AB - Since the Swiss Gynecological Society suggests that cervical smears be taken only from patients age 25 years or over, we have investigated the validity of an age limitation. Analyzing the patients at our dysplasia clinic, the following statistics emerged: of the 4255 patients in the period 1970-1980, 897 or 21.08% were under 25 years of age; 190 or 4.46% were under 20. Of these women, 153 had or developed (cytologically at least) serious dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. On the basis of the data presented and the literature we are obliged to concluded that an age limit is not medically meaningful and that every sexually active woman, regardless of age, should be accepted into the preventive examination program. PMID- 7280635 TI - [The transmission of tick-borne encephalitis in Switzerland. An attempt at establishing a register of natural reservoirs for a seroepidemiologic examination of forest personnel in the middle of the country]. AB - The aim of this investigation was to localize natural foci of tickborne encephalitis (TBE) in Switzerland by means of two approaches. (1) Sera of foresters, who are particularly exposed to TBE, were examined, restricting serum collection to the Plateau between the Lake of Constance and the Lake of Geneva. (2) Virus isolations were performed on 8600 ticks (Ixodes ricinus) collected all over the country. In four regions natural foci of varying size were detected: (1) in the northern parts of the Canton of Zurich in conjunction with the southern parts of the Canton of Schaffhausen, (2) in the region of Horgen on the Lake of Zurich, (3) in the region of Thoune, and (4) in the marshy region situated between the Lakes of Neuchatel, Bienne and Morat. The morbidity rate in foresters varied from 0-5%, and rose to 12-16% in regions with a known concentration of natural foci. The infection rates in ticks average 0.1%, but, depending on the regions where ticks were collected, maximum rates of 1% were attained. PMID- 7280636 TI - [Prospective study on the prevention of wound infections after appendectomy for acute appendicitis]. AB - In the search for an appropriate antibiotic to reduce the rate of postoperative wound infection in patients with acute appendicitis, we have randomized 150 patients preoperatively in a prospective 3-arm study. The operation technique was standardized for all patients and involved the use of plastic wound protectors. Bacterial contamination was documented by 3 swabs taken during operation. In 2 arms, patients received short-term adjuvant prophylaxis with either cefazolin or clindamycin/tobramycin. The third arm served as a control. Wound contamination ws proven in 33% of all cases but only 4% developed a real wound infection. The rate of infection was almost identical in all groups, without a statistically significant difference in the chi2 test. It is concluded that wound infection after appendectomy cannot be prevented by prophylactic use of antibiotics. Careful operation technique with local protective steps is quite sufficient. Antibiotics should therefore be reserved for special indications. PMID- 7280637 TI - [Infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clinical aspects, therapy and long-term prognosis]. PMID- 7280638 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome]. AB - Two young female patients are presented who answered to the criteria for diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome, which was first described in 1978 and reached an epidemic peak in 1979 and 1980 in the USA. The disease almost exclusively affects women using tampons during menstruation and is characterized by fever, hypotony, multisystem involvement and exanthema following by skin desquamation. The disease is closely associated with the isolation of S. aureus in the vagina or elsewhere and is probably caused by a staphylococcal toxin. PMID- 7280639 TI - [Pruritus--a little known iron-deficiency symptom]. AB - Five episodes of iron deficiency anemia associated with pruritus were observed in 4 women. In contrast to the majority of cases in the literature the pruritus in our patients was localized and not generalized. It disappeared 1--14 days after the beginning of iron replacement. --Iron deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of both generalized and localized pruritus. The literature suggests that pruritus associated with low serum iron levels in malignancy may respond to iron therapy PMID- 7280640 TI - [Pseudo-(venocuran-)lupus--a minor episode in the history of medicine]. AB - Pseudolupus is a syndrome characterized by recurrent fever arthralgia, myalgia, involvement of lung and heart, high sedimentation rate, leukocytosis and lymphopenia. The diagnosis is established by the presence of circulating antimitochondrial antibodies. In 1975 it was found that the disease was due to prolonged treatment with Venocuran, a drug against venous disorders composed of phenopyrazone (pyrazolone derivative), horse-chestnut extract, and Miroton (glycosides extracted from white squill [Urginea maritima], convallaria, oleander and adonis). The drug was then withdrawn. No new cases have come to our attention since then. 15 patients with severe pseudolupus known to us in 1975 have now been followed up. In 6 of the patients all symptoms disappeared within weeks or a few months after withdrawal of the drug. However, the other 9 patients had at least 1 and often 2--3 relapses in the following months to years. In some patients, symptoms remained as long as 4--5 years. Antimitochondrial antibodies persisted in 4 patients for more than 3 years and in 1 patient are still detectable now. The pathomechanism of pseudolupus has not been elucidated. PMID- 7280641 TI - [The use of the concepts of "half-life" and "clearance" in practice and in pharmacokinetics]. AB - The elimination of drugs from the body and the different modes of dealing with this process on a quantitative scale are discussed. The concepts of half-life and clearance are briefly reviewed. It is shown that with the term "half-life" the investigator focuses upon the elimination of the drug from the whole of the body. With the term "clearance" the interest is focused on the drug-clearing organs or on the effectiveness of these organs in eliminating the drug from the blood stream. As a consequence of this situation, the half-life is the truly useful parameter for the physician since it enables him to establish appropriate drug administration schedules for his patients. Clearance values, on the other hand, are chiefly of use to the pharmacokineticist in establishing the kinetic profile of a new drug. PMID- 7280642 TI - [The intranasal provocative test with use of "passive anterior rhinomanometry" in the specific diagnosis of allergic rhinitis]. AB - 77 patients with suspected allergic rhinitis to inhalative allergens were studied. Skin tests, RAST determinations and nasal provocation tests, performed by placing a cotton-pledge with aqueous allergen and by "passive anterior rhinomanometry" (PAR), were carried out. This latter test was evaluated by determining nasal resistance and by measuring the temperature variations before and after allergen aerosol inhalation with use of a Heyer-PAR rhinomanometer sprayer by the method of van Dishoeck. Among 30 hay-fever patients with positive prick tests to grasses or to birch pollens, the overall agreement of PAR with the other allergological diagnostic methods was 90 +/- 5%. Evaluation of a further 47 patients with perennial rhinopathy and suspected allergy to house dust, housedust mite and different molds showed that PAR serves to clarify the allergy diagnosis more reliably than the other methods. The advantages and the negative aspects of PAR are briefly discussed. PMID- 7280643 TI - [HDL and lipoproteins in the families of coronary patients]. AB - Male first degree relatives of acute myocardial infarction patients differ from a control population by virtue of their low HDL cholesterol. The results are compared with those obtained previously in women and children who are first degree relatives of coronary patients. Low HDL cholesterol (Fig. 5) is a familial feature of first degree relatives of acute myocardial infarction patients. This observation is of considerable interest in view of the role of HDL cholesterol in the development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7280644 TI - [Chylothorax associated with sarcoidosis]. AB - Chylothorax with bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphomas has been observed in a 27-year-old patient. Further clinical investigations revealed sarcoidosis with involvement of the mediastinal lymphnodes, the bronchial mucosa and the pleural mesothelium. It is suggested that the chylothorax is a complication of sarcoidosis, although pleural effusions of chylus have thus far been reported only in traumatic or malignant diseases of the mediastinum. The pathogenesis was unclear until exploration of the pleural space by thoracoscopy showed an intact and unaffected thoracic duct. During longterm treatment with corticosteroids, supported by several pleural drainages, the chylothorax and other concomitant symptoms gradually regressed. PMID- 7280645 TI - [Clinical studies: calculation and comparison of survival curves]. AB - Survival curves are a very important tool in clinical studies, especially in cancer research. In this paper the main ideas are given, as to calculate and compare such curves, using only elementary mathematical methods. All details of procedures are given in an appendix. PMID- 7280646 TI - [Delayed asthma on diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The importance of a professional history. The utility and danger of the inhalation tests. Apropos five cases]. AB - While asthma on toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is well known, asthma on diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) has been less frequently described. Following publication of a case in 1972 another is described which was observed in a similar situation (welding of polyurethane belts) and for which the diagnosis remained obscure for some time. A questionnaire sent to factories using this type of belt revealed two other cases of asthma on MDI. A fifth case is described in which provocative testing induced severe cardiovascular disturbances within a few hours after inhalation. Following a short review of the literature, the four new cases mentioned above are presented together with spirometric studies (provocative testing) and immunological investigations. PMID- 7280647 TI - [Renal osteodystrophy in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: statistical study of clinical, radiological and biochemical features]. AB - Sixty radiological, clinical and biochemical features were simultaneously recorded in a population of 46 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Radiological signs of bone reabsorption (hands, acromio-clavicular and sacro-iliac joints) were demonstrated in 65% and were quantified as a radiological index of hyperparathyroidism. The index was correlated with the levels of parathormone and of alkaline phosphatase (p less than 0.01) and with the duration of renal failure (p less than 0.01), and inversely related to bone densitometry (p less than 0.05). Discriminant analysis confirmed the redundant value of parathormone and alkaline phosphatases in predicting bone lesions. Factorial analysis showed the existence of 12 classes of patients statistically close to one another. These results demonstrate the heterogeneity of renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 7280648 TI - [Blood pressure study in school-children of Zurich. I. Results in the age group 7 to 12 years]. AB - A longitudinal blood pressure study of 1575 children aged 7-11 years was started in 1977. 308 12-year-old children were rescreened one year later. The blood pressure was recorded at school in the sitting position using random-zero sphygmomanometers and the largest cuff to fit the upper arm easily (10 cm and 12 cm wide). Systolic and diastolic II (disappearance of sounds) pressures were measured, and the mean of two readings (1st/2nd, or 3rd/4th if indicated) was used. The blood pressure values were remarkably low, with mean systolic pressures of 98 mm Hg or less and diastolic pressures of 55 mm Hg or less. The highest readings observed were 140 mm Hg systolic and 95 mm Hg diastolic in two 11-year old children. The systolic blood pressure correlated best with weight (r = 0.38 in boys and 0.45 in girls), and, in decreasing order, with height (r = 0.32/0.40), age (r = 0.28/0.32) and triceps skinfold thickness (r = 0.24/0.26). Correlation with pulse rate was poor (r = 0.09/0.06). However, a multiple regression analysis showed that weight and pulse rate are the only variables which contribute significantly to explaining the variance of systolic blood pressure (17% in boys and 24% in girls). At constant height levels there was no correlation between systolic blood pressure and age, but the correlation with weight remained good and with skinfold thickness fair. Thus, the blood pressure in children aged 7-12 years correlates better with indices of body size (weight and Quetelet index) than with fatness, except in clearly obese children. Repeated blood pressure recordings correlated significantly with values obtained one year earlier: in boys, r = 0.49 for systolic and 0.34 for diastolic pressures, in girls, r = 0.58 (systolic) and 0.41 (diastolic). Repeatedly elevated systolic blood pressures, i.e. values within the upper decile, were observed four times more frequently than could have been expected by chance alone (in 14 of 36 children = 39%). Positive tracking correlations of blood pressure are therefore demonstrable in childhood. PMID- 7280649 TI - [Evidence that fatigue is a problem in sports medicine by the study of neuromuscular stimulation]. PMID- 7280650 TI - [Measurement of performance after cigarette smoking]. PMID- 7280651 TI - [A rare case in the differential diagnosis of muscle strain: osteoid osteoma]. PMID- 7280652 TI - [Energy metabolism in pregnant and non-pregnant myometrium]. PMID- 7280653 TI - [Medical care of the Swiss Olympic Mission 1980]. PMID- 7280654 TI - Correlation technique and its application in the His bundle electrocardiogram. AB - In literature, the HBE has been displayed by application of the averaging method. In this paper, correlation analysis technique was used and the body-surface HBE was displayed in a special-purpose electronic computer. The correlation coefficients of the P-A, A-H, H-V intervals and the H-wave width of both methods are almost equivalent and one can be substituted by the other. Compared with the averaging method, the S/N ratio of the correlation method is greater and the residual noise is nearly absent. Furthermore, the effects of the integrating time T and delay time delta tau on the S/N ratio, the measuring resolution and the analytical time have been studied. Correlation analysis technique is a method based on the cybernetic and information theory. With this technique, by using correlation function, the dependence (auto-correlation function) of the value at one instant upon that of the other during the same random process, or the interdependence between sets of data from 2 random processes can be described. Up to the present, there has been no report on the activities of the ventricular conductive system with the S/N ratio smaller than 1, detected on the body surface by correlation analysis technique[1 - 3]. However, using this technique, the author successfully detected the body surface HBE with a special-purpose mini computer in 1977. PMID- 7280655 TI - The uptake from fresh water and subsequent clearance of a vanadium burden by the common eel (Anguilla anguilla). AB - The uptake of 48V vanadium from a solution of 10(-5) M 48V-orthovanadate by fresh water elvers and the subsequent depletion of the vanadium burden was studied. At the end of the 8-week loading period, the levels of 48V were still increasing in the liver, kidney, bone and carcase. The uptake rate for the whole fish over the 8-week period was 760 pg atom/h/100 g body wt and the depletion rate over the following 5 weeks in clean water was about one tenth of this. Liver contained the highest amount of 48V at the end of the 8-week loading period, calculated as equivalent to 1.1 x 10(-4) g atom V/kg wet wt, and this level was unchanged at the end of the 5-week depletion period. Less than 1% of the carcase 48V was present in the fraction of MW under 2000. PMID- 7280657 TI - Levels of cadmium in bone tissue (femur) of industrially exposed workers--a comment. PMID- 7280656 TI - The fate of fenitrothion in a stream environment and its effect on the fauna, following aerial spraying of a Scottish forest. AB - In order to control an infestation of Pine Beauty moth (Panolis flammea Schiff.) fenitrothion was applied at a rate of 300 g ha-1 to a forest plantation consisting primarily of Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta Loud.) and Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis Carriere) using the ultra-low volume spraying technique. The concentration of fenitrothion in the forest stream rose to a maximum of 18 micrograms l-1 within the treated area an hour after spraying, but fell to 0.5 microgram l-1 after 24 hs. There was no evidence that the resident fish population was disturbed by the treatment and no short term effects were noticeable in caged fish. The concentration--time profile in the fish followed closely the profile in the water, and in each of the four fish tissues studied fell to 0.02 mg kg-1 after 24 hs. Invertebrate drift increased markedly 12--16 hs after spraying, but decreased to around pre-treatment levels within 48 hs. Caged insects remained alive during the five-day post-spray observation period, suggesting that drifting insects were displaced rather than killed by the insecticide. Concentration of fenitrothion in Willow Moss (Fontinalis antipyretica) fell from 0.139 mg kg-1 to 0.003 mg kg-1 (wet weight) after 48 hs. Fenitrothion was not detected in sediment but this was possibly due to the low surface area/weight ratio of the particles. PMID- 7280658 TI - The role of toxicity in the carcinogenicity of endosulfan. AB - Two studies have been undertaken on the toxicity and carcinogenicity of endosulfan, a chlorinated cyclodiene - the NCI Endosulfan Rat Study and the NCI Endosulfan Mouse Study. Histological sections have been examined and the results of this review are based on my diagnoses. Endosulfan is highly toxic for male and female osborne-Mendel rats, particularly for male rats. The chemical causes interstitial fibrosis or acute tubular necrosis of the kidney and death. These lesions, as well as atrophy of the testes, polyarteritis, parathyroid hyperplasia, osteitis fibrosis of bone, and abscesses of the lung, interfere with the health of the animals and with the development of neoplasms. Endosulfan, even though it is extremely toxic, is carcinogenic for male and female Osborne-Mendel rats. The chemical induced malignant neoplasms at all sites in male and female rats and the endocrine organs in male rats. Rats of both sexes developed lymphosarcomas, and female rats had neoplasms of the reproductive system. Endosulfan is also carcinogenic for the liver of female mice. PMID- 7280659 TI - Levels of cadmium in bone tissue (femur) of industrially exposed workers - a reply. PMID- 7280660 TI - The effect of copper and protein on iron metabolism in rats fed a cereal diet. AB - Weanling male white rats were fed a diet containing a commercially available breakfast cereal. In 28 days they developed a mild anemia coupled with an increased amount of iron in the liver. In parallel work, this same diet was supplemented in a factorial fashion with casein, iron, copper and zinc. The zinc had no effect. Copper supplementation increased the hemoglobin level. Casein decreased liver iron. The copper and casein, when fed together, produced results approaching normal control levels. Supplementation of the diet with additional iron did not increase the hemoglobin or hematocrit but it did further increase iron storage in the liver. It is suggested that cereal enrichment programs might do well to consider copper and protein rather than focus total attention to additional iron and zinc. PMID- 7280661 TI - Information resources: knowledge and power in the 21st century. PMID- 7280662 TI - The next 100 years of Science. PMID- 7280664 TI - Scientific communication. PMID- 7280663 TI - Science: its place in AAAS. PMID- 7280665 TI - Fermentation in the rumen and human large intestine. AB - Fermentation of food by the microbial community of the rumen is essential for the maintenance and growth of ruminants. The microbial ecosystem and its interaction with the host are described, along with recent attempts to manipulate the composition and activity of the microbial community by adding antibiotics and other chemicals to ruminant diets. A similar microbial community and fermentation occur in the large intestine or cecum of most nonruminant animals including the large intestine of humans. The microbial ecosystems of the rumen and human large intestine are compared. PMID- 7280666 TI - Globin gene transferred. PMID- 7280667 TI - Acetylcholine synthesis in synaptosomes: mode of transfer of mitochondrial acetyl coenzyme A. AB - Labeled acetylcholine derived from labeled pyruvate in a synaptosomal preparation from rat brain, incubated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as well as coenzyme A, is stimulated by calcium ions in the absence but not in the presence of Triton X-100. Whereas citrate is taken up by cholinergic synaptosomes because it suppresses the formation of acetylcholine from pyruvate, it is not itself converted into acetylcholine. The evidence suggests that there is a calcium dependent transfer of mitochondrial acetyl coenzyme A into the cholinergic synaptoplasm, which is apparently devoid of the citrate cleavage enzyme, and is there converted into acetylcholine. The permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to coenzyme A and acetyl coenzyme A seems to be enhanced by calcium ions, and this effect may be mediated by mitochondrial phospholipase A2. PMID- 7280668 TI - Familial retinoblastoma and chromosome 13 deletion transmitted via an insertional translocation. AB - Surviving persons from a kindred in which retinoblastoma occurred over four generations, transmitted by eight unaffected individuals, underwent chromosomal analysis. The results revealed that the development of retinoblastoma was associated with a constitutional chromosome deletion del(13)(q13.1q14.5) and that the unaffected transmitting state was associated with a balanced insertional translocation. These findings indicate that predisposition to retinoblastoma may be attributed to the loss of specific genetic material and that a chromosomal mechanism may explain apparent lack of gene penetrance in certain families. The development of unilateral, and not bilateral, retinoblastoma suggests either that the chromosome deletion is different from the mutation of heritable retinoblastoma in general, or that the chromosome deletion lessens the probability of subsequent somatic carcinogenic events. PMID- 7280669 TI - Progesterone regulation of the occupied form of nuclear estrogen receptor. AB - Total concentrations of estrogen receptor in the uterine nuclear fraction are reduced rapidly after progesterone treatment of the proestrous hamster. Progesterone acts selectively on the occupied form of the nuclear estrogen receptor, with no effect on the concentration of an unoccupied form. This observation indicates that progesterone modulates the action of estrogen by controlling nuclear retention of the estrogen-receptor complex. PMID- 7280670 TI - Cellular aging: further evidence for the commitment theory. AB - A large, transient reduction in the population size of human fibroblasts in early passages significantly increases the variability of the life-spans of cultures in comparison to control cultures, as predicted by the commitment theory of cellular aging. The theory also predicts that a constant population of noncycling cells will appear in the later part of the culture life-span. This was confirmed by labeling the cells in culture with tritiated thymidine. PMID- 7280672 TI - Adenosine triphosphate-deficient erythrocytes of the egg-laying mammal, echidna (tachyglossus aculeatus). AB - The erythrocytes of the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), an egg laying mammal, were examined for the presence of phosphorylated compounds. The erythrocytes contained only 0.03 +/- 0.01 micromoles of adenosine 5'-triphosphate per milliliter of cells. This amount is two orders of magnitude less than that in human cells. Although the echidna erythrocytes had an abundance of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate and other glycolytic intermediates, no other energy-rich pyridine and purine compounds were detected. PMID- 7280671 TI - Calcium-induced cell death: susceptibility of cardiac myocytes is age-dependent. PMID- 7280673 TI - Cilium length: influence on neural tonotopic organization. PMID- 7280674 TI - Stepwise sarcomere shortening: analysis by high-speed cinemicrography. AB - Sarcomere shortening in striated muscle appears to follow a regionally synchronized staircase-like time course not anticipated in some cross-bridge models. The visualization method used has been criticized as subject to Bragg diffraction effects. Two independent optical methods were used to visualize a muscle during contraction; agreement between the stepwise behavior observed with the two methods suggests that the phenomenon is genuine. PMID- 7280675 TI - Myelinated nociceptive afferents account for the hyperalgesia that follows a burn to the hand. AB - Monkeys and human subjects were exposed to a series of thermal stimuli before and after a 53 degrees C, 30-second burn to the glabrous skin of the hand. The responses of C- and A-fiber nociceptive afferents in the monkeys and subjective responses by the humans were compared. The burn resulted in increased sensitivity of the A fibers, decreased sensitivity of the C fibers, and increased pain sensibility (hyperalgesia) in the human subjects. PMID- 7280676 TI - Asbestos surface charge heterogeneity and biological effects. PMID- 7280677 TI - Toxin warfare charges may be premature. PMID- 7280678 TI - Biochemical markers identify mental states. PMID- 7280679 TI - Seeds of change in embryonic development. PMID- 7280680 TI - Photoregulated ion binding. AB - A photoregulated chelating agent has been synthesized. It is a photochromic azobenzene compound containing two iminodiacetic acid groups and can exists as cis and trans stereoisomers. The planar trans isomer does not bind zinc ions. On exposure to light of 320 nanometers, the trans isomer is converted to a nonplanar cis isomer, which, because of cooperativity between the two iminodiacetic acid groups, binds zinc ions with the value of the binding constant estimated to be 1.1 x 10(5) +/- 9.2 x 10(5) liters per mole at a ratio of one molecule of chelating agent to one zinc ion. The interconversion of the cis and trans isomers is reversible, suggesting possible application of this class of compounds as photoresponsive ion pumps. PMID- 7280681 TI - Trauma-induced protein in rat tissues: a physiological role for a "heat shock" protein? AB - Hyperthermic shock induces the synthesis of a novel protein (P71) in many rat tissues in vivo. In incubated rat tissue slices P71 is the major protein synthesized even though it is undetectable in the tissues of a normal, unstressed rat. P71 is "heat shock" protein, and it may be induced in vivo by stimuli other than hyperthermia. These results indicate that caution must be used in studies of protein synthesis in tissue explants, since the pattern of proteins synthesized by rat tissue slices is characteristic of stressed tissue. PMID- 7280682 TI - Lead chromate. PMID- 7280683 TI - Affective behavior in patients with localized cortical excisions: role of lesion site and side. AB - The perception of emotion in verbal and facial expression, and the spontaneous production of conversational speech were studied in patients with unilateral focal excisions of frontal, temporal, or parieto-occipital cortex. Lesions of the left hemisphere impaired the matching of verbal descriptions to appropriate verbal categories of emotional states, whereas with lesions of the right hemisphere, the matching of different faces displaying similar emotional states was impaired. The effects of lesions of both left and right hemisphere occurred regardless of the locus of the lesion. On the other hand, frontal-lobe lesions had differential effects upon unsolicited talking; lesions of the left frontal lobe virtually abolished this behavior, whereas lesions of the right frontal lobe produced excessive talking. These data suggest that the nature of the behavioral stimulus as well as the locus and side of damage must be considered in the study of the neural basis of affective behavior. PMID- 7280684 TI - Role of mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in olfactory discrimination learning in rats. AB - Severe deficits in the acquisition of an olfactory learning-set task resulted from lesions of the central (olfactory) component of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus but not from large lesions that destroyed olfactory projections to the amygdala. Complex olfactory learning may be mediated by the olfactory thalamocortical system and not by olfactory projections to the limbic system. PMID- 7280685 TI - Efficiency of human visual signal discrimination. AB - We have measured the overall statistical efficiency of human subjects discriminating the amplitude of visual pattern signals added to noisy backgrounds. By changing the noise amplitude, the amount of intrinsic noise can be estimated and allowed for. For a target containing a few cycles of a spatial sinusoid of about 5 cycles per degree, the overall statistical efficiency is as high as 0.7 +/- 0.07, and after correction for intrinsic noise, efficiency reaches 0.83 +/- 0.15. Such a high figure leaves little room for residual inefficiencies in the neural mechanisms that handle these patterns. PMID- 7280686 TI - Hydralazine reactions. PMID- 7280687 TI - Similar amino acid sequences: chance or common ancestry? AB - The systemic comparison of every newly determined amino acid sequence with all other known sequences may allow a complete reconstruction of the evolutionary events leading to contemporary proteins. But sometimes the surviving similarities are so vague that even computer-based sequence comparisons procedures are unable to validate relationships. In other cases similar sequences may appear in totally alien proteins as a result of mere chance or, occasionally, by the convergent evolution of sequences with special properties. PMID- 7280688 TI - Reagan reforms create upheaval at NIOSH. PMID- 7280689 TI - Eavesdropping on bones. PMID- 7280690 TI - Merkel cell receptors: structure and transducer function. AB - An electron microscopic and electrophysiological investigation was made of Merkel cell-neurite complexes in the sinus hair follicles of the cat. These mechanoreceptors respond with very precise phase locking to heavy-frequency vibratory stimuli as well as to static hair displacements. The mechanoelectric transduction process is faster than that known for any other somatic mechanoreceptor. These data show that the nerve endings themselves and not the Merkel cells are the mechanoelectric transducer elements in these receptors. PMID- 7280691 TI - Sulfhydryl compounds may mediate gastric cytoprotection. AB - Ethanol induces hemorrhagic gastric erosions and causes a dose-dependent decrease in the concentration of nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds in rat gastric mucosa. Sulfhydryl-containing drugs protect rats from ethanol-induced gastric erosions, whereas sulfhydryl blocking agents counteract the mucosal cytoprotective effect of prostaglandin F2 beta. These observations suggest that endogenous nonprotein sulfhydryls may mediate prostaglandin-induced gastric cytoprotection and that sulfhydryl drugs may have potential for preventing or treating hemorrhagic gastric erosions. PMID- 7280692 TI - Gonadal hormones induce dendritic growth in the adult avian brain. AB - Ovariectomized adult female canaries were treated with physiological doses of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or estradiol. Singing, which is typical of males, occurred in the testosterone-treated birds but not in any of the other birds. The effect of these hormones was assessed on dendrites from a class of neurons in the nucleus robustus archistriatalis (RA), a forebrain nucleus for song control. The RA neurons of the testosterone-treated birds had dendritic trees resembling those of intact males. The RA neurons of the estradiol- and dihydrotesterone-treated birds resembled those of intact females. All hormone treated groups had dendrites that were significantly longer than those of untreated ovariectomized females. Thus gonadal hormones induce dendritic growth in the adult avian brain. PMID- 7280693 TI - Tandem mass spectrometry. AB - Coupling mass spectrometers in series provides a new technique that has many advantages for the analysis of specific organic compounds in complex mixtures. Sensitivity to picograms of targeted compounds can be achieved with high specificity and nearly instantaneous response. The targeted compound is selectively ionized, and its characteristic ions are separated from most others of the mixture in the first mass spectrometer. The selected primary ions are then decomposed by collision, and from the resulting products the final mass analyzer selects secondary ions characteristic of the targeted compound. Tandem mass spectrometry can achieve specificities and sensitivities equivalent of those of methods such as radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, while performing analyses in much shorter times. PMID- 7280695 TI - Modulation of parallel fiber excitability by postsynaptically mediated changes in extracellular potassium. AB - Field potentials and extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) were simultaneously monitored in the molecular layer of the rat cerebellar cortex during stimulation of the parallel fibers. The synaptic field potential elicited by stimulation was reduced by several methods. Reduction of synaptic field potentials was accompanied by a marked increase in the excitability of the parallel fibers. This change in excitability was related to the degree of extracellular K+ accumulation associated with parallel fiber stimulation. These findings support the proposal that increases in [K+]o associated with activity in postsynaptic elements can modulate the excitability of presynaptic afferent fibers. PMID- 7280694 TI - Bioselective membrane electrode probes. AB - The use of intact bacterial cells or tissue slices of plant and animal origin as immobilized biocatalysts has extended the possible range of potentiometric bioselective membrane electrodes beyond that of conventional enzyme electrodes. The use of such materials as biocatalysts offers advantages in situations where isolated enzymes are not available or where multistep reaction paths are required. The resulting bioselective electrodes also offer exceptional ease of preparation, time stability, and low cost. PMID- 7280696 TI - Instrumental control of cardioacceleration induced by central electrical stimulation. AB - Each of four monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was operantly conditioned to slow and to speed heart rate through a shock-avoidance procedure. During these sessions, electrical brain stimulation that produced tachycardia and pressor responses was delivered on alternate, 64-second segments to one of several brain regions. All animals were able to attenuate the increases in heart rate produced by brain stimulation during the slowing sessions when posterior hypothalamic and striatal regions were stimulated but not when anterior hypothalamic or subthalamic areas were stimulated. During speeding or control sessions during which heart rate was monitored, brain stimulation continued to increase heart rate. PMID- 7280697 TI - Pigeons with a deficient sun compass use the magnetic compass. AB - Homing pigeons that had never seen the sun before noon could not use the sun compass in the morning; nevertheless they were homeward oriented. When such birds carried magnets, however, they were disoriented, suggesting they were using a magnetic compass. These findings indicate that the magnetic compass is available to pigeons whether or not the sun compass has been established and that the magnetic compass is apparently the first source of compass information. PMID- 7280698 TI - Modification of the discharge of vagal cardiac neurons during learned heart rate change. AB - Visually conditioned heart rate change in the pigeon has been developed as a vertebrate model system for the cellular neurophysiological analysis of associative learning. In previous studies of the "final common path," it was shown that both the vagal and sympathetic cardiac innervations contribute to this response. The present experiments indicate that, prior to any behavioral training, the visual stimulus elicits a small decrease in the discharge of vagal cardiac neurons. During conditioning, this stimulus evokes a progressively greater decrease in discharge that parallels the acquisition of the conditioned cardioacceleration. In contrast, nonassociative control animals show habituation of the initial decrease in discharge. These data confirm the involvement of the vagal cardiac innervation in conditioned heart rate change, indicate that the vagal innervation acts synergistically with the sympathetic to produce cardioacceleration, and suggest that a short-latency pathway mediates the conditioned response. PMID- 7280699 TI - Oculomotor reaction time in dementia reflects degree of cerebral dysfunction. AB - The effects of diffuse cerebral dysfunction on oculomotor reaction time were assessed in patients with dementia of presumed Alzheimer's etiology and in normal age-matched control subjects. Patients were classified into mild, moderate, and severe groups on the basis of independent neurological, neuropsychological, and neuroradiological ratings for disease severity. Saccadic latencies to targets appearing in parafoveal and near peripheral vision showed significant increases from the normal controls to dementia groups, with each severity subdivision clearly differentiated from the others in terms of mean oculomotor reaction time. These data offer strong evidence for a direct relationship between degree of cortical structural integrity and simple oculomotor reaction time and suggest a higher cortical regulatory role in sensory-motor integration. PMID- 7280700 TI - Ureterosigmoidostomy and colon carcinogenesis. PMID- 7280701 TI - The effects of activation procedures on regional cerebral blood flow in humans. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (r-CBF) can be measured using 133XE and collimated detectors. The radionuclide can be administered either by inhalation or intracarotid injection. Comparison of blood flow determinations at rest and during performance of an activity identifies those brain regions that become active during the performance of the activity. Relatively specific patterns of r CBF are observed during hand movements, sensory stimulation, eye movements, speech, listening, and reading. Regional CBF changes during reasoning and memorization are less specific and less well characterized. It is clear that brain lesions affect r-CBF responses to various activities, but this effect has not been well correlated with functional deficits or recovery of function. Regional CBF measurement gives information about brain activity and the functional response to experimental manipulation. This approach may well add to our understanding of normal, as well as pathologic, brain functioning. PMID- 7280702 TI - Effect of phenobarbital on 99mTc-IDA scintigraphy in the evaluation of neonatal jaundice. AB - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy with 99mTc-IDA derivatives was used to evaluate 40 neonates with mixed jaundice. Fourteen patients proved to have biliary atresia. The remaining 26 patients had intrahepatic cholestasis with patent extrahepatic ducts. Sixteen of the 40 patients underwent examinations without phenobarbital stimulation. Sixteen patients had two examinations, one before and one after 3-7 days of phenobarbital therapy. The remaining 8 patients had their initial examinations after phenobarbital therapy. The results of this study show that administration of phenobarbital in a dose of 5 mg/kg/day for at least 5 days prior to the examination enhances and accelerates biliary excretion of IDA compounds and thereby significantly increases the accuracy of 99mTc-IDA scintigraphy in differentiating extrahepatic biliary atresia from neonatal hepatitis. Its routine use in the evaluation of neonatal jaundice is therefore highly recommended. PMID- 7280703 TI - Unilateral visualization of the adrenal gland. PMID- 7280704 TI - Vitamin b-12 deficiency. PMID- 7280705 TI - Marrow fibrosis studied by ferrokinetics. PMID- 7280706 TI - Asbestos-related neoplasms. Introduction. PMID- 7280707 TI - Asbestos-related neoplasms. PMID- 7280708 TI - Mineralogy of asbestos: the physical and chemical properties of the dusts they form. PMID- 7280709 TI - Epidemiology of asbestos-related tumors. AB - Epidemiologic evidence has helped in defining and measuring the risks of asbestos exposure. Further investigations are required to confirm the differing carcinogenicity of the various types of asbestos and related fibers. The evidence relating crocidolite asbestos to malignancy is not universally accepted. Most standards for concentrations of asbestos in the air are currently being adopted and the proposed British standard is about to be reduced to 1 fiber per milliliter for chrysotile asbestos, 0.5 fiber per milliliter for amosite and is to remain at 0.2 fiber per milliliter for crocidolite asbestos. 37 Careful prospective studies are still required in order to evaluate the efficacy of these standards in the prevention of asbestos related diseases. In addition, further epidemiologic studies are necessary to determine the relationship between asbestos exposure, particularly the low level exposure, and its potential cocarcinogenic role with other carcinogens in the evolution of the wide spectrum of human malignancy. PMID- 7280710 TI - The alveolar macrophage: immune derangement and asbestos-related malignancy. PMID- 7280711 TI - Pathology of human malignant mesothelioma. PMID- 7280713 TI - The radiology of asbestos-related diseases with special reference to diffuse mesothelioma. PMID- 7280712 TI - Cytologic changes associated with asbestos exposure. PMID- 7280714 TI - Computed tomography in mesothelioma. PMID- 7280715 TI - Clinical presentation and natural history of benign and malignant mesothelioma. PMID- 7280716 TI - Chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma. PMID- 7280717 TI - Radionuclide imaging of bone marrow. PMID- 7280718 TI - Preterm parturition. PMID- 7280719 TI - Microbiological classification and identification. PMID- 7280720 TI - Altitude and fertility: the confounding effect of childhood mortality--a Bolivian example. PMID- 7280721 TI - Women's role orientations and expected fertility: evidence from the Detroit area, 1978. PMID- 7280722 TI - The effects of teenaged motherhood and maternal age on offspring intelligence. PMID- 7280723 TI - The ethics of psychological research. PMID- 7280724 TI - On being moral in immoral places. PMID- 7280725 TI - The moral role differentiation of experimental psychologists. PMID- 7280726 TI - Some recent ethical concerns of psychologists in Britain. PMID- 7280727 TI - Sweating at night: some ethical paradoxes confronting social psychological research. PMID- 7280729 TI - Ethical considerations in the aversive control of behavior. PMID- 7280728 TI - Ethics and the work of psychologists in the field of criminal justice. PMID- 7280730 TI - Ethics of behavior modification: behavioral and medical psychology. PMID- 7280731 TI - To do or not to do: dimensions of value and morality in experiments with animal and human subjects. PMID- 7280732 TI - Post-laryngectomy therapy: a communication approach. PMID- 7280733 TI - [The mother-child relationship in children with a cleft lip and/or cleft palate and minimal brain dysfunction]. PMID- 7280734 TI - [Auditory attention of the preschool child]. PMID- 7280735 TI - Spastic dysphonia: a case report. PMID- 7280736 TI - Relationship between verbal language and symbolic play -- a case study. PMID- 7280737 TI - Acoustic reflex measurements and the loudness function in sensorineural hearing loss. PMID- 7280738 TI - The communicative abilities of mild mental retardates. PMID- 7280739 TI - A note on pitch control in esophageal speech. PMID- 7280740 TI - Ion transport by epithelia. PMID- 7280741 TI - Intracellular potassium in toad urinary bladder: results from microelectrode and electron microprobe analyses. PMID- 7280743 TI - Morphologic aspects of transepithelial transport with special reference to the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7280742 TI - Energetics of coupled sodium chloride entry in absorptive cells of leaky epithelia. PMID- 7280744 TI - Cellular and shunt pathways in toad urinary bladder: control mechanisms. PMID- 7280745 TI - Interaction between apical and basolateral membranes during sodium transport across tight epithelia. PMID- 7280746 TI - The annual physical examination: misunderstood and misused. PMID- 7280747 TI - Perineoscrotal gangrene: two-staged therapeutic approach. AB - With approximately 350 reported instances of Fournier's disease (fulminating gangrene of the scrotum) since its description in 1883, individual experience is largely anecdotal and treatment remains controversial. Clarification is specially indicated as to how extensive diagnostic evaluation should be, whether, surgical incision and drainage is justified as initial therapeutic therapy, and that the priorities should be in patients having both severe systemic disease and rapidly advancing gangrene. Of four patients with Fournier's disease, three survived; the fourth died postoperatively in septic shock, diabetic ketoacidosis, and coma. A thorough diagnostic search is necessary to detect and treat all predisposing causes, especially when colorectal lesions are suspected. Simple incision and drainage did not arrest progression of disease even when combined with intensive antibiotic therapy. Critically ill patients with rapidly progressing gangrene present a therapeutic dilemma of priorities because neither immediate operation in unprepared patients nor extensive delay to treat the systemic illness first has proved to be adequate. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in preoperative preparation should be explored further. PMID- 7280748 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis. AB - Necrotizing fasciitis is a lethal and insidious disease with a high mortality. It often begins in areas exposed to fecal or urinary contamination, and about 70% of cases occur in diabetics. A high index of suspicion should be maintained in diabetic patients with an infection in the perineum, genitalia, thigh, or buttocks. Factors leading to a poor prognosis are increased age and extent of disease at the time of diagnosis, especially myonecrosis. Therapy is primarily radical surgical debridement with adjunctive antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7280749 TI - Medulloblastoma: treatment results with radiation therapy. AB - The treatment results in 18 patients with medulloblastoma were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were treated postoperatively with simultaneous craniospinal irradiation. Forty-four percent of the total group were alive without evidence of disease. Six of the 12 patients eligible for analysis at three years after completion of treatment had continuous disease-free survival. Six patients with intracranial recurrence received a second course of whole-brain irradiation, and two of these are alive. PMID- 7280751 TI - Recurrent laryngeal nerve section in the treatment of spastic dysphonia. AB - Spastic dysphonia is a severe vocal disability in which the patient speaks with hyperadducted vocal folds. The resulting abnormality is characterized by excessively low pitch, vocal tremor, laryngospasms, and strain-strangle voice quality. Until recently the disorder was regarded as psychogenic and treated unsuccessfully with speech therapy and psychotherapy. New evidence supports the theory that the etiology is neurologic, requiring management designed to alter neurophysiologic function. Section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve provides immediate results and a new voice virtually free of the previous unpleasant characteristics. PMID- 7280750 TI - Malignant secondary parotid tumors. AB - Malignant secondary parotid neoplasms are uncommon. Among 545 malignant parotid tumors, we found 52 (9%) that did not arise primarily in the parotid gland. Lymphomas or tumors of hematopoietic origin were excluded from this study. All patients had a parotid mass (two bilateral), one third of which were painful; 20% had facial nerve weakness. Fifty-four surgical procedures were performed on 51 patients. Radical neck dissection was done for deeply invasive or highly malignant tumors. Adjunctive radiotherapy was administered postoperatively for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, while chemotherapy was given for lung and breast carcinoma and melanoma. Follow-up, obtained in 51 of 52 patients, averaged five years. PMID- 7280752 TI - Patellar malalignment syndrome. PMID- 7280754 TI - Changing aspects of peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 7280753 TI - Comparison of the barium test meal and the gamma camera scanning technic in measuring gastric emptying. AB - In 21 patients with nonresected stomachs and symptoms of delayed gastric emptying, obstruction was excluded by upper gastrointestinal series and upper endoscopy; all had abnormal results of barium test meal (BTM) study. Each had repeat BTM after the administration of 10 mg of metoclopramide. Each patient also had two gamma camera studies after a technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid labeled meal; normal saline or metoclopramide was administered before each test in a blinded and random manner. Half-time (T1/2) and percentage of isotope remaining at six hours (GC6) were recorded. Ten asymptomatic controls had a gamma camera scanning study, and seven of these had a BTM. Nine of 19 patients had a T1/2 in the normal range, and in 12 of 19 patients the GC6 was in the normal range. The magnitude of retention of barium at six hours on the BTM did not correlate with the T1/2 (r = 0.076) or the GC6 (r= 0.296). Thus, these tests were not comparable in this study. By regression analysis, a significant reduction was shown in the amount of retained food and barium (P less than .01), the T1/2 (P less than .01), and the GC6 (P less than .01) after intramuscular administration of metoclopramide, indicating that both tests were able to evaluate the effects of this drug. PMID- 7280755 TI - Coronary artery disease and ventricular function in angina. AB - Coronary arteriograms and left ventriculograms of 500 patients with coronary artery disease and angina pectoris were correlated with respect to coronary arterial pattern and left ventricular dyssynergy. We found that the severity of left ventricular dyssynergy was not altered by coronary arterial pattern. The concept of dividing the left ventricle into anterior and posterior zones was validated. Patients with anterior dyssynergy alone or combined anterior and posterior dyssynergy had comparably more severe coronary artery disease in the anterior region than did patients with normal left ventriculograms or posterior dyssynergy alone. Patients with posterior dyssynergy alone or combined anterior anterior and posterior dyssynergy had comparably more severe coronary artery disease in the posterior region than did patients with normal left ventriculograms or anterior dyssynergy alone. Lesions of greater than 90% reduction of coronary arterial luminal diameter best correlated with motion abnormalities of the left ventricular wall. PMID- 7280756 TI - The anticoagulated patient in labor: an obstetric dilemma. PMID- 7280758 TI - Branhamella catarrhalis in respiratory secretions: clinical correlation in 16 cases. AB - During a two-month period 24 of 1,060 (2.3%) samples of respiratory secretions submitted for culture yielded Branhamella catarrhalis in quantities of more than ten colonies per primary plate. Fifteen cultures were "pure" (ie, mixed only with normal throat flora). Of the 16 patients with positive cultures, 14 showed preexisting disease, and 15 had respiratory symptoms. Twelve of 13 patients studied showed more than 10 WBCs/LPF in the direct smear. It is concluded that B catarrhalis should be looked for and reported in such samples, since it seems to be a significant respiratory pathogen. PMID- 7280760 TI - Detecting ductal shunting in premature infants by range-gated Doppler echocardiography. AB - Range-gated pulsed Doppler echocardiography has been reported to be a useful noninvasive bedside technic for detecting ductal left-to-right shunting in premature infants. We studied 30 premature infants with a birth weight of less than 1,500 gm, using a 5 MHz system developed by Advanced Technology Laboratories. An umbilical artery catheter was used to obtain a contrast aortogram. Twenty-three infants had both a positive flush aortogram and a continuous turbulence documented by Doppler echocardiography. A clinically audible murmur was present in 17 of these patients. In six infants there was no Doppler evidence of PDA. In five of this last group there was also a negative flush aortogram. The excellent correlation found between the Doppler and aortographic studies suggests that this noninvasive technic is very sensitive for detecting ductal left-to-right shunting, even in the absence of an audible murmur. PMID- 7280757 TI - Recurrent ventricular tachycardia in the absence of overt heart disease: clinical characteristics and response to drug therapy. AB - Eight patients, seven of them women, have been followed up for a mean of 8.1 years (range, three to 18) with the uncommon syndrome of recurrent frequent episodes of ventricular tachycardia in the absence of overt cardiac abnormality. The mean age at diagnosis was 25 years (range, 12 to 44). Serious symptoms were common: five patients had syncope, cardiac arrest, and/or cerebrovascular accidents. Multiple measures to characterize this population, including study of symptoms, response to exercise, degree of prematurity of ventricular ectopic depolarizations, and response to antiarrhythmic drugs, showed little uniformity. An individualized approach to therapy, taking into account age and symptoms as well as frequency of arrhythmia, was used. Excellent control of arrhythmia was eventually achieved in four patients, but only after multiple drug trials (mean 5.3, range two to eight trials per patient) had been ineffective. Prognosis in this syndrome is generally good, but serious complications occur frequently enough that vigorous therapy is justified in selected patients. PMID- 7280759 TI - Smoking, mortality, and six in a community hospital necropsy population. AB - Analysis of 344 necropsies at a community hospital disclosed a male to female ratio of 1.9:10 and a smoking incidence over twice that of the general population. Overall longevity for men was less than for women. Intragroup comparisons showed an inverse relationship between smoking and longevity. Smokers in general and subsets of male and female smokers thus died earlier than respective nonsmokers. Trends for nonsmoking men and women were not different. However, smoking women surprisingly died earlier than smoking men at comparable pack-year exposure levels. Conversely, nonsmokers were most likely to achieve old age with freedom from diseases usually associated with smoking. We conclude that smoking predisposes to hospitalization, with premature death. Men suffer the most, probably because of traditionally heavier usage. For reasons unclear, however, women who do smoke may exhibit excessive vulnerability in some situations. PMID- 7280763 TI - Microneurosurgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. PMID- 7280761 TI - Problems in a statistical study of disease based on death certificates. AB - Data obtained from death certificates are used to establish the frequency of diseases for vital statistics. In Morgan County, Georgia, 5,787 death certificates registered between 1927 and 1979 were examined for this study. Data referable to age, sex, race, and the cause of death were recorded, with primary emphasis on cancer. The cause of death in these certificates was based primarily on clinical diagnoses. Some certificates cited neoplasms in which the site of origin was not given, and in others the type of neoplasm was difficult to correctly code. In some, a tumor was recorded but was not coded. The format of these certificates was changed by the state several times during this period, apparently to improve their credibility. Review of these registered death certificates, used for vital statistics in both Georgia and Washington, indicates that the data would contribute no scientific information on the frequency of cancer. PMID- 7280762 TI - Predicting the need for primary care specialists: the example of a southwestern state. AB - Because of a need to project the requirements for the training of primary care practitioners in the state of New Mexico, we reviewed available means of determining health manpower needs. Combining several of these methods, we constructed a three-tiered model, taking into account different patterns of care seeking in areas of various population densities. These methods may be applicable in other states like New Mexico where densely populated cities contrast with sparsely settled rural areas. All such methods, however, are confounded by the state of balance of many factors, including immigration and emigration of physicians, use of nonphysician providers, and patient movement across boundaries for care. This report contributes to the growing literature on health manpower needs by recognizing and attempting to account for differences between urban and rural patterns of care-seeking. PMID- 7280764 TI - Shoshin beriberi with severe metabolic acidosis. AB - A case of Shoshin beriberi found in a patient with severe metabolic acidosis and shock was presented. We believe the metabolic acidosis in this case is ascribable to overproduction of pyruvate and lactate resulting from lack of thiamine due to preferential intake of sake, precooked food, and rice, and also to shock. The hemodynamic studies done after recovery from shock revealed that the cardiac output, which was initially high, decreased to a slightly low level and then increased to a normal level, concomitant with an increase in the peripheral vascular resistance after introductory administration of thiamine. After treatment with thiamine, all abnormalities disappeared. PMID- 7280765 TI - Cunninghamella bertholletiae wound infection of probable nosocomial origin. AB - After closed reduction and casting of a tibial fracture in a 69-year-old diabetic man, a gangrenous lesion developed under the cast. Cultures of debrided tissue revealed multiple bacteria, including Bacillus sp, plus two fungi, Fusarium sp and a zygomycete identified as Cunninghamella bertholletiae. Large nonseptate hyphae in thrombosed blood vessels suggested that C bertholletiae played a major role in the development of the infection. Recovery of organisms from our patient's wound and from the cast padding suggests that the wound infection was acquired from nonsterile dressings. PMID- 7280766 TI - Chromobacterium violaceum presenting as a surgical emergency. PMID- 7280767 TI - Acute nonpuerperal uterine inversion. PMID- 7280768 TI - Massive posttonsillectomy hemorrhage. PMID- 7280769 TI - Lymphoma presenting as anasarca. PMID- 7280770 TI - Reversal of Urinary tract diversion after recovery from hysterical conversion reaction. AB - We have described a case in which the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis with findings of progressive paraplegia and a neurogenic bladder led to supravesical urinary diversion. Pyocystis led to creation of a urethrovesicovaginal fistula. Psychotherapy later uncovered hysterical conversion reaction. Which was cured with hypnotherapy. The urinary tract diversion was subsequently reversed after reconstruction of the bladder and urethra. PMID- 7280771 TI - Phenytoin-induced interstitial nephritis. PMID- 7280772 TI - Long-term survival after resection of multiple pulmonary metastases from adenocarcinoma of the kidney. PMID- 7280773 TI - Successful repletion of bicarbonate stores in ongoing lactic acidosis: a role for bicarbonate-buffered peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7280774 TI - Thymoma with red cell aplasia and hemolytic anemia. PMID- 7280775 TI - [Health problems from the socioeconomic viewpoint]. PMID- 7280776 TI - [Ways of improving methods of population health studies]. PMID- 7280777 TI - [Pathology characteristics of the population of a Far North region]. PMID- 7280778 TI - [Opening up of the Far North and demographic health processes]. PMID- 7280779 TI - [Experience in the detection of early forms of cardiovascular diseases and of persons with risk factors]. PMID- 7280780 TI - [Increased work efficiency in fluorography offices]. PMID- 7280781 TI - [Tasks of public health and medical science in light of the decisions of the 26th Congress of the CPSU]. PMID- 7280782 TI - [Social hygiene aspects of worker health in the mining industry in the North]. PMID- 7280783 TI - [Assessment of the human attitude to health]. PMID- 7280784 TI - [Social hygiene aspects of urbanization]. PMID- 7280785 TI - [Tasks of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR in light of the decisions of the 26th Congress of the CPSU]. PMID- 7280786 TI - [Current aspects of the diagnosis and work capacity expertise in chronic bronchitis of dust etiology]. PMID- 7280787 TI - [Clinical course of peptic ulcer in young patients with a double localization of the ulcer]. PMID- 7280788 TI - [Surgical treatment characteristics of calculous cholecystitis complicated by mechanical jaundice in the elderly]. PMID- 7280789 TI - [Iatrogenic vascular injuries]. PMID- 7280791 TI - [Functional disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diseases of the pyloroduodenal area]. PMID- 7280792 TI - [Autoimmune disorders in pancreatitis]. PMID- 7280793 TI - [Diagnosis of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in septic shock]. PMID- 7280790 TI - [Rehabilitation characteristics of hospital patients with cardiocerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 7280794 TI - [Treatment of complicated rib fractures]. PMID- 7280795 TI - [Reasons for the late diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7280796 TI - [Prevention of acute postoperative pancreatitis]. PMID- 7280797 TI - [Hemosorption during and after surgery in mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 7280798 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical use of hemosorption in surgical patients]. PMID- 7280799 TI - [Poncet's rheumatism (an analysis of 102 cases)]. PMID- 7280800 TI - [Reasons for clinical diagnostic errors]. PMID- 7280801 TI - [Blood coagulation tests in meningococcal infections]. PMID- 7280802 TI - [Clinical pharmacology and medical training]. PMID- 7280803 TI - [Clinical and pathologico-anatomic characteristics of heart tumors]. PMID- 7280804 TI - [Direct results of using a new multimodal chemotherapy plan in malignant non Hodgkin lymphomas]. PMID- 7280805 TI - [Chronic colitis and dyskinesia of the large intestine]. PMID- 7280806 TI - [Treatment of hepatocerebral dystrophy (Wilson-Westphal-Konovalov's disease)]. PMID- 7280807 TI - [Acute appendicitis in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7280808 TI - [Diagnosis of reflux esophagitis]. PMID- 7280809 TI - Congenital scoliosis. A histopathologic study. AB - A histopathologic study of the spine from a child with congenital scoliosis indicates that the major problems relate to the vertebral bodies, which are irregular in size, shape, and position, and to the adjacent intervertebral discs, which are always abnormal. Bone and cartilage as tissues, however, are histologically and histochemically unremarkable; it is their positioning which is irregular. No molecular abnormality of collagen could be found in bone, cartilage, or skin. Pathogenesis is discussed in reference to theories of general and vertebral morphogenesis. The findings of abnormal spatial deposition of histologically and biochemically unremarkable tissue are consistent with inductive abnormalities of the notochord. The clinical and radiologic manifestations in congenital scoliosis are a combination of primary embryologic abnormalities, secondary developmental abnormalities which spring from the, and tertiary developmental irregularities. PMID- 7280811 TI - Combined anterior and posterior fusion for Scheuermann's kyphosis. AB - Combine anterior and posterior fusion provides and maintains good correction in patients with Scheuermann's kyphosis. A fusion which includes the entire deformity, especially at lower end, is a requisite for a satisfactory result. Intervening halofemoral traction may not improve results. Pulmonary functions may decrease somewhat postoperatively but, in the large majority of cases, still remain within normal limits. We think that anterior and posterior fusion remains the procedure of choice in severe or rigid Scheuermann's kyphosis. PMID- 7280810 TI - Isolated congenital cervical block vertebrae below the axis with neurological symptoms. AB - A reviews of 13 cases of symptomatic isolated congenital cervical fusion (block vertebrae) below the C2 level is presented. Ten cases were collected from a review of the English literature and three new cases were added. All 13 patients presented neurologic symptoms of radiculopathy and/or myelopathy with either no history of trauma or only minor trauma. Pathogenesis of symptoms is due to degenerative arthritis of the adjacent mobile segments, spinal stenosis, and subluxation of the adjacent mobile segments. The significance of coexisting spinal stenosis and segmental instability is emphasized and is related to the symptoms and treatment of the condition. Symptomatic patients can be treated satisfactorily with adequate decompressive laminectomy and fusion of the unstable segments. PMID- 7280812 TI - Experience with an intraoperative autogenous blood recovery system in scoliosis and spinal surgery. AB - A clinical trial of an intraoperative autogenous blood recovery system shows that while the method is safe, the cost in spinal surgery is quite high. The unit was used in 20 procedures in 18 patients thought to have increased risk of intraoperative bleeding (mature idiopathic, congenital, myelomeningocele, Marfan's, and irradiation scolioses and late spinal fractures). Collection in four procedures was either insufficient for use of contaminated. In the remaining 16 cases, 20% of the blood loss was recovered. A total of ten units of blood was recovered, at a cost of $283/unit; this is four times the current cost for a unit of blood in the local blood bank. The method would be more beneficial if a huge blood loss were anticipated, as most of its cost is incurred in the setup, and the higher the blood loss at surgery, the higher the percentage of the yield might be. The method may be useful with rate blood types and for patients with religious objections to transfusions. PMID- 7280813 TI - Transverse traction in the treatment of scoliosis. A preliminary report. AB - Nineteen scoliotic patients were treated with the standard Harrington distraction rod supplemented with transverse traction. The latter consists of a compressive device (either Harrington';s or Cotrel's) applied to the convex side of the curve to correct disc space wedging and then drawn toward the distraction rod with a simple traction apparatus. Intraoperative roentgenograms were taken with the Harrington distraction rod alone after maximal distraction was applied. This was followed by postoperative roentgenograms with the transverse traction added. The 50.3% correction by distraction rod alone is increased to 66% with the addition of transverse traction. Detailed analysis of each curve, segment by segment, showed that the correction was augmented, not only in the center of the curve, where the compression corrected disc space wedging, but in the ends of the curve as well. This series uses each patient as his or her own control in demonstrating increased correction added by transverse traction. PMID- 7280814 TI - Three-dimensional architecture of lumbar intervertebral discs. AB - Three-dimensional observations of the collagen framework of lumbar intervertebral discs by scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the fibrillar framework of the annulus and the cartilage end-plate was made of nucleus as a closed pack system. The cartilage end-plate was made of dense collagen framework aligned horizontally. There was no interconnection between the cartilage end-plate and the lamellar subchondral collagen. In places, the vascular channels ran directly at the end-plate. In the inner one third of the annulus, obliquely oriented fibrillar lamellae interconnected with the cartilage end-plate. In the outer two thirds, the fibrillar lamellae were formed from fibrillar bundles and were firmly anchored into the vertebral bodies. Architectural relationships between the disc and the vertebral bodies are discussed. PMID- 7280815 TI - The relation between bone mineral content, experimental compression fractures, and disc degeneration in lumbar vertebrae. AB - The bone mineral content and the ultimate compressive strength were determined in 109 fresh lumbar vertebrae from 36 different subjects, 31 to 79 years of age. The degree of macroscopic disc degeneration and the types of fracture were determined. Three types of fracture-central, wedge and transverse-were found, but only under magnification and at simultaneous movements of the fracture segment. The central type of fracture was found predominantly in specimens with high bone mineral content surrounded by normal discs. The wedge type of fracture was consistent with lower bone mineral content and more severe disc degeneration. PMID- 7280816 TI - Roentgenographic measurement of lumbar intervertebral disc height. AB - The influences of differences in both intervertebral motion segment orientations and in reader judgments on measurements of the apparent intervertebral disc heights in lateral roentgenographs of the lumbar spine were examined. Forty-nine roentgenographs were obtained of nine discs that were titled laterally up to +/- 10 degrees, and rotated longitudinally up to +/- 20 degrees. Three orthopaedic surgeons and three radiologists measured disc heights from five of these roentgenographs, all using the same measurement method. The differences in apparent height that resulted from the orientation changes and differences in judgments among the six readers were considerable, usually of the order of one half of the nominal disc height. The results show that, while roentgenographic measurements can be used to estimate disc height, accurate measurements cannot readily be made from routine roentgenographs, and the interpretation should always be cautious. PMID- 7280817 TI - Transitional lumbosacral discs. probability of herniation. AB - The charts and roentgenograms of 200 patients operated upon for lumbar disc herniations were reviews. Among them, there were 42 persons in whom a lumbosacral transitional vertebra existed. The discs beneath these vertebra varied in appearance. A descriptive classification for the four disc types is proposed. In none of the 42 patients were there myelographic evidence of herniation of such a disc. In five instances, such disc were surgically inspected, and no protrusion was uncovered. Before transitional discs are operated upon, the proof of herniation should be incontrovertible. PMID- 7280818 TI - Neurologic patterns in unilateral sciatica. A prospective study of 100 new cases. AB - A prospective study of 100 patients with neurologic deficits due to their first attacks of sciatica was performed. (Major published studies are nearly all retrospective and contain some patients who have had multiple attacks of sciatica). Characteristic motor patterns for L3-4, L5, and S1 root lesions were found. L3-4 lesions (17%) were significantly more common in 60+ age group. Lesions of L5 were significantly more common than S1 (approximately 2 to 1), a result which differs from all other major series. Reasons for this are discussed. Sensory disturbance (62%) was nerve present within motor loss and had poor localizing value. PMID- 7280819 TI - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy associated with low lumbar disc herniation. AB - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy can be associated with lumbar disc herniations. Both central and peripheral neuroanatomic pathways can be implicated in the development of this syndrome. Clinical findings of vasomotor instability in the leg supported by plain roentgenograms showing osteopenia, bone scan showing increased uptake, and a favorable response with sympathetic blocks suggest the diagnosis. Symptoms should be relieved with appropriate nerve root decompression but may require, in addition, a therapeutic lumbar sympathetic blockade. PMID- 7280820 TI - Acquired pelvic obliquity. A case report. PMID- 7280821 TI - Control of postlaminectomy scar formation. PMID- 7280822 TI - Spinal epidural hemangiomas. AB - A case of spinal epidural hemangioma is presented. The rarity of this lesion in comparison with the more frequent vertebral hemangiomas with secondary extension to the epidural space is emphasized. The special features of this case are noted: the acute clinical onset, the visualization by means of the spinal angiography, and the unusual cervical level. PMID- 7280824 TI - Posterior methylmethacrylate fixation for cervical trauma. AB - Five cases of cervical instability after trauma were reviewed after being treated at other hospitals with posterior methylmethacrylate fixation. Three cases developed infections, and reduction was lost postoperatively in two other cases. A total of four re-operations was required. The disadvantages of this technique of treatment of post-traumatic cervical instability are emphasized. PMID- 7280823 TI - Congenital cervical scoliosis with unilateral congenital nerve deficit in the upper extremity. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients are reviewed, each having an unusual clinical syndrome of progressive congenital cervical scoliosis and unilateral arm paralysis. This appears to be a unilateral developmental defect in both mesenchymal and neural tissue. There was a unilateral spina bifida without myelomeningocele, meningocele, or lipoma. The cervical spine deformity was progressive at a young age, one patient having been fused at age 2 years, the other at age 5 years. At surgery, the dura was intact but unprotected on the concavity of the curve. Bridging bone grafts were utilized to span the defects. The arm paralysis was extensive in both patients, but improvement in function was accomplished by appropriate reconstructive procedures. PMID- 7280826 TI - Microcalluses of the trabeculae in lumbar vertebrae and their relation to the bone mineral content. AB - The bone mineral content of 109 lumbar vertebrae was related to the number of trabecular microcalluses in the vertebral bodies. The appearance and location of the calluses were also investigated. Microcalluses were found in 87 of the vertebral bodies. The incidences of calluses varied in the different groups (31 79 years) between 60 and 90%. The number of calluses increased with decreasing bone mineral content. The location of the calluses corresponded to the location of experimental in vitro compression fractures of the vertebral bodies. PMID- 7280825 TI - Brain abscess as a complication of halo traction. AB - The occurrence of a brain abscess as a complication of halo traction and immobilization in the management of scoliosis is reported. Previous reports suggest that this complication is rare. Unique in this case is the development of an intracerebral abscess without skull perforation by the halo device and without evidence of contiguous spread of infection. Attention of clinical signs (headache) and the use of computerized axial tomography may allow for early detection and appropriate care. PMID- 7280827 TI - Enlargement of the lumbar vertebral canal in lumbar canal stenosis. AB - A new surgical technique, enlargement of the spinal canal, was carried out on eight patients with lumbar canal stenosis. The conditions of all the patients have improved, and there have been no complications so far. A laminectomy is performed in which both sides of the pars interarticularis are cut out with an osteotome to eliminate the cause of the stenosis. The ventral side of the removed lamina is then ground with a surgical air drill to enlarge the posterior area of the lumbar canal. The lamina is subsequently replaced and fixed with screws. This method makes it possible to remove the cause of the stenosis. By replacing the removed lamina, the additional advantage of avoiding weakening vertebral stability is afforded. PMID- 7280828 TI - The lateral bending sign. AB - In lumbar disc herniations, musculoskeletal findings usually predominate at the outset. There is often an acute list or impaired lateral mobility to one side or the other. This finding represents a protective mechanism to splint the affected disc space in the position where the disc prolapse exerts the least possible pressure on the affected nerve root. An attempt was therefore made to determine whether the relationship of the disc herniation to the nerve root could be delineated by having the patient bend maximally to each side. Three hundred patients who would normally be candidates for routine (static) x-ray study of the lumbar spine had lateral bending (dynamic) films instead. These were then correlated with myelograms and/or surgery, when performed. Lateral bending roentgenograms can often pinpoint the level of lumbar disc herniation. PMID- 7280829 TI - Biomechanics of lumbosacral dural sac. A study of flexion-extension myelography. AB - Measurements were performed on 40 lateral lumbar myelograms in flexion and extension with the object of analyzing changes in position and shape of the dural sac in spinal movements. There proved to be an anterior displacement of the entire lumbar dural sac in lumbar extension, most likely caused by shortening and thickening of the flaval ligaments. In addition, the anterior dural surface was indented at the L3-4 and L4-5 interspaces by posterior bulging of the discs in extension. This encroachment was partially compensated by dural bulging into areas with a rich and compressible venous plexus: behind the vertebral bodies and the L5-S1 disc. While the patterns of dural movements showed individual variations, these trends were found in all diagnostic and anatomic subgroups. One subgroup (with root involvement at L4-5) showed marked dorsal encroachment upon the dural sac in extension at the same level. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7280830 TI - Modified technique for local cooling in spinal cord injuries. PMID- 7280831 TI - Cleft arch of atlas simulating fracture of the odontoid process. PMID- 7280832 TI - [Primary use of functionally oriented gamma scintigraphy following computerized tomography]. PMID- 7280833 TI - [Myocardial scintigraphy using thallium-201 - principles and method]. PMID- 7280834 TI - [Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7280835 TI - [Possibilities for use, dependability and limits of whole-body computerized tomography. Report of several years of experience using a whole body scanner at the Martin Luther Hospital, Berlin]. PMID- 7280836 TI - [The histogram as the principle for quantifying intracranial fluid compartments]. PMID- 7280837 TI - [Principles of echographic instrument technology]. PMID- 7280838 TI - [Sonography of the thorax]. PMID- 7280839 TI - [Current sonographic diagnosis of the kidneys and retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 7280840 TI - [The examination of abdominal and peripheral blood vessels with image-producing ultrasonic procedures]. PMID- 7280841 TI - [Echographic diagnosis in diseases of the thyroid and parathyroid]. PMID- 7280842 TI - [Sonography of the abdomen: liver, gallbladder, pancreas]. PMID- 7280843 TI - [Sonographic diagnosis of pelvic diseases]. PMID- 7280844 TI - [The clinical significance of Doppler sonography of the extracranial arteries supplying the brain]. PMID- 7280845 TI - [Ultrasonic Doppler examination of the peripheral vascular system]. PMID- 7280847 TI - [Mediastinal tumors in children]. PMID- 7280846 TI - [Large benign growths in the abdomen in children]. PMID- 7280848 TI - [Impaired passage through the duodenum]. PMID- 7280849 TI - [Development and possibilities of modern surgical therapy of non-corrected transposition of the great arteries]. PMID- 7280851 TI - [Fractures in the elbow region in children]. PMID- 7280850 TI - [Hydraulic fractures of the orbit in children]. PMID- 7280852 TI - [Experience with the treatment of peritonitis of appendiceal etiology with mefoxin]. PMID- 7280853 TI - [Recurrent biliary ileus]. PMID- 7280854 TI - [Unusual cause of massive gastric hemorrhage]. PMID- 7280855 TI - [Clinical manifestations of aberrant pancreas]. PMID- 7280856 TI - [2 cases of necrotizing pancreatitis successfully treated by left side hemipancreatectomy]. PMID- 7280857 TI - [Incarcerated hernia in the foramen of bochdalek in an adult]. PMID- 7280858 TI - [Perforation of the rectosigmoid in rectoscopy]. PMID- 7280859 TI - [Urologic complications after surgery of sigmoid and rectal tumors]. PMID- 7280860 TI - [Hepatic echinococcal cyst penetrating the biliary tract and transverse colon]. PMID- 7280861 TI - [The effect of oxycellulose on acute peptic ulcer hemorrhage]. PMID- 7280862 TI - [Concomitant carcinoma and leiomyoma of the stomach]. PMID- 7280863 TI - [Ventriculoesophageal fistula]. PMID- 7280864 TI - [Arterial embolectomy (problems of delayed embolectomy)]. PMID- 7280865 TI - [The importance of a temporary arteriovenous shunt in the surgical treatment of acute deep venous ileofemoral thrombosis]. PMID- 7280866 TI - [Sudden occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery]. PMID- 7280867 TI - [Evaluation of gallbladder and bile duct surgery in acute stages of inflammation]. PMID- 7280868 TI - [Early complications of the jejunoileal bypass]. PMID- 7280869 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum as the cause of ileus]. PMID- 7280870 TI - [Biliary ileus]. PMID- 7280871 TI - [Role of stomach fibroscopy in indications for surgery]. PMID- 7280872 TI - [Myocardial infarction due to severe coronary atherosclerosis in a 30 years old male with systemic lupus erythematosus--report of an autopsy case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280873 TI - [HDL-cholesterol in patients with gout (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280874 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on rheumatic fever (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280875 TI - [Past histories of patients with Sjogren's syndrome the high incidence of gynecological diseases in patients with Sjogren's syndrome evaluated from their past histories (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280876 TI - Parathyroid cysts: report of three cases and review of the literature. PMID- 7280877 TI - Doppler ultrasound pulsatility index as an alternative to ankle pressure in vascular disease. PMID- 7280879 TI - Transverse septum of the gallbladder. PMID- 7280880 TI - Tricuspid valvular atresia. PMID- 7280878 TI - A review of arterial injuries in the mining industry. PMID- 7280881 TI - Ulcerating jejunitis. PMID- 7280882 TI - [Adverse drug reactions]. PMID- 7280884 TI - Cancer and religion. PMID- 7280885 TI - Cervical injury in the rugby scrum. PMID- 7280883 TI - The effect of the Futuro wrist brace in pain conditions of the wrist. AB - In a study to assess the effects of the Futuro wrist brace (Adcock-Ingram) in 22 patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, tenosynovitis and gout of the wrist, grip and pinch dynamometers were used to measure improvement in function. The study confirmed the efficacy of the wrist brace by demonstrating an average of 23.7% improvement in grip strength over the 10-day study, as well as a significant average improvement in pinch strength of 14.8% (P less than 0.05). In the subgroup of 8 rheumatoid arthritis patients a significant average increase in grip strength of 48.9% (P less than 0.025) was obtained. Both day and night pain was reduced and there was improvement in patients' ability to carry out their daily activities. The brace was found to be comfortable and easy to use. PMID- 7280886 TI - The loss from premature deaths of economically active manpower in the various populations of the RSA. Part I. Leading causes of death: health strategies for reducing mortality. AB - Age-adjusted mortality rates (MRs) per 100 000 for the leading causes of death were calculated for 1970 for Asians, Coloureds and Blacks and compared with the MRs of Whites for the economically active age-group of 15 - 64 years. Marked differences in mortality patterns were shown by this comparison. At the one extreme were the Whites in whom the five leading causes of death in rank order were ischaemic heart disease, motor vehicle accidents, cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), cancer of the digestive system and bronchitis and associated respiratory diseases--a mortality pattern which is characteristic of a developed Western community. At the other extreme were the Blacks in whom the five leading causes of death in rank order were "ill-defined" diseases, the pneumonias, tuberculosis, CVA and homicide and unspecified violence -- a mortality pattern commonly seen in less developed communities. Reducing mortality in the various populations will not come about by spending more money on hospital-bases curative medicine but by greater emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention. Quite different health strategies are needed to reduce mortality in the Whites and Asians on the one hand, and the Coloureds and Blacks on the other. The health strategies required for Whites and Asians involve behavioural changes in lifestyles, whereas for Coloureds and Blacks they involve elementary public health measures such as clean water, proper sanitation, better housing improved nutrition and health education. PMID- 7280887 TI - The effect of seromucoid on coagulation. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on coagulation of alpha acid-glycoprotein, one of the acute-phase reactants, the blood level of which is elevated in malignant disease and various acute conditions. Alpha-acid glycoprotein was obtained from serum and plasma of normal volunteers. The amount obtainable from serum was greater than that obtained from plasma (43 mg/dl v. 22 mg/dl), and differences were noted in the molecular weight of the two preparations; alpha-acid-glycoprotein from serum had a molecular weight of 55 000, while that from plasma appeared to have a molecular weight of 81 000. The two preparations were identical in their reactivity towards anti-alpha-acid glycoprotein. Alpha-acid-glycoprotein markedly shortened the partial thromboplastin time (PTT), but no effect on prothrombin index was noted. At those concentration which shortened the PTT, the preparation was able partially to reverse the anticoagulant activity of heparin. The possibility that this protein plays a role in the aetiology of coagulation disorders in cancer is discussed. PMID- 7280888 TI - Transpalatal trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy. AB - The transpalatal trans-sphenoidal approach to the pituitary gland is described and a series of 10 cases is presented. The advantages of this approach - ease of access, low morbidity and good cosmesis - are discussed. PMID- 7280890 TI - Unusual presentation of tuberculosis. A case report. PMID- 7280889 TI - Leydig-Sertoli cell tumour in the postmenopausal female. A case report. AB - A patient with a Leydig-Sertoli cell tumour of the ovary is described. This rare lesion coexisted with three other primary neoplastic lesions, namely an adenocarcinoma of the colon, an ovarian fibroma, and leiomyomas of the uterus. A discussion of the unusual ovarian lesion and a short review of the literature are presented. PMID- 7280891 TI - Mseleni joint disease--a manganese deficiency? PMID- 7280892 TI - Jaw reflexes in local tetanus. PMID- 7280893 TI - Aminoglycoside resistance among isolates of nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Fifty-seven gentamicin-resistant isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, obtained from patients attending hospital, were examined for the production of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Of the 51 strains producing such enzymes, 34 were presumptively plasmid-mediated as indicated by conjugation experiments. PMID- 7280895 TI - [The physician and the South African nursing profession. The risk of legal liability]. AB - Risks of legal liability are increasing for both medical and nursing professions as a result of the fast tempo and magnitude of changes evolving in health service policies. More than ever before, a close look will have to be taken at the important doctor-nurse relationship and the interdependent functioning of these two professions in the health team, failure of which will either prevent the nursing profession from developing to its full potential or create situations of intolerable high risk of legal liability for both professions. Simple methods, but dependent on a team approach by health authorities, law makers, the different health professions, training institutions and individuals are described which may markedly reduce the risks of legal liability. PMID- 7280894 TI - The loss from premature deaths of economically active manpower in the various populations of the RSA. Part II. Man-years of economically active life lost from premature death. PMID- 7280896 TI - Psychosocial stress factors and the prevention of depressive illness in the elderly. AB - An intensive investigation was launched to determine the relationship between psychosocial factors and depressive illness in the elderly. A group of known psychiatric patients with a history of depressive illness was compared with a control group of clients of welfare organizations. The aim was to determine guidelines for preventive psychogeriatric services, particularly with regard to depressive illness, which would then give an indication as to which one of two hypothetical propositions would probably be most applicable to the specific elderly population for which Stikland Hospital, Bellville, is formulating a preventive programme. It was found that psychosocial factors play a relatively unimportant role in the genesis of depressive illness in the senium. Constitutional predisposition probably plays a larger or at least equally important role. A well-planned selective programme of secondary prevention, i.e. the early finding and treatment of depressed elderly persons, combined with a programme of primary prevention with regard to psychosocial stress factors and confined to elderly people at high risk for depressive illness, would probably yield better results at lower cost. PMID- 7280898 TI - Acupuncture -- the state of the art. PMID- 7280899 TI - Typhoid fever in the Northern Transvaal national states. An approach to an epidemiological quandary. AB - The serious nature of the high incidence rate of typhoid fever in the Northern Transvaal national states is discussed. It is recommended that epidemic areas be chosen as models to identify modes of transmission from carrier and other sources. In the endemic areas this approach is considered to be of limited value owing to geographical and social conditions. Education of the populace in basic hygiene at the primary and secondary school levels, followed by improvement in the health services and vaccination programmes, is recommended as suitable for reducing the incidence of the disease until potable water supplies and sewage disposal facilities can be provided. PMID- 7280900 TI - External fixation of tibial fractures at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape town. AB - The results of an 18-month prospective clinical trial of external fixation in the management of open tibial fractures at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, are reported. Liaison with the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Cape Town has resulted in the development of significant improvements on the methods previously described. The value of external fixation in the management of tibial fractures is confirmed; problems encountered with this particular method are described. PMID- 7280901 TI - Psychiatric disorders of the puerperium in South African women of Nguni origin. A pilot study. AB - The clinical impression gained from symptoms exhibited by Zulu and Xhosa obstetric patients referred to the Department of Psychiatry, King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, was that certain of the psychiatric disorders presented in a different form to those observed in hospitals serving other population groups. Opinions differ as to the aetiology and relationship of disorders of the puerperium to other psychiatric syndromes with controversial hypotheses referring to both the aetiology and the symptomatology. Firstly, the disorders are considered to be a reaction to specific psychological or biological stresses of pregnancy. Secondly, in contradistinction, it is postulated that the illness is incidental to ongoing personality disintegration, which is manifested by premorbid personality disturbances, a family history of mental illness, a past history of psychiatric disorder and nonspecific stresses common to all other psychiatric illnesses. This pilot study indicates that cultural phenomena contributed to the symptoms of the majority of the 31 severely disturbed Black women displaying psychiatric features in the puerperium studies. While confirming the findings of a number of other authors, we have also detected a high incidence of transient situational disturbances of short duration. The findings indicate the need for more detailed research in this area among Black patients. PMID- 7280902 TI - The rehabilitation of chronic deteriorated psychiatric patients. AB - A procedure for the rehabilitation of chronic deteriorated psychiatric patients is detailed. Before and after assessments indicated that a significant degree of improvement was achieved by relatively simple and inexpensive means, particularly as regards personal neatness, social competence, and signs of psychotic behaviour. PMID- 7280897 TI - Penicillamine-induced myasthenia gravis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. A case report. AB - This article reports some observations made in a woman who developed myasthenia gravis after treatment with D-penicillamine. Withdrawal of the drug was not followed by spontaneous remission of the myasthenic syndrome. PMID- 7280903 TI - Neurofibromas of the spine -- a pathognomonic sign. AB - Neurofibromas growing from spinal nerve roots commonly cause enlargement of the intervertebral foramen. The enlargement is occasionally minimal if the bulk of the tumour is outside the spinal canal, in which case there is widening of the gap between the zygapophyseal joints and transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae seen on anteroposterior projection. This sign is regarded as pathognomonic of neurofibroma. PMID- 7280904 TI - The international political scene and the medical profession. PMID- 7280906 TI - The micro-erythrocyte sedimentation rate in black neonates and children. Part II. A comparative study of the micro-erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein test and total white cell count. AB - The value of determination of the micro-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), testing for the presence of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and the total white cell count (WCC) has been assessed in neonates and children, both healthy and in disease states. The results show that collective and maximum use of all three investigations aids diagnosis because these tests are simple, quick, cheap and easy to perform. Furthermore, the study has demonstrated that compared with a high ESR and WCC, the presence of CRP was the best single indicator of infection. The CRP test has the greatest predictive value and sensitivity in that it indicates the intensity of an infection as well as the patient's response to therapy. PMID- 7280907 TI - Ventricular septal defects produced by penetrating cardiac injuries. AB - Six cases of ventricular septal defect resulting from penetrating cardiac wounds are discussed. Diagnostic difficulties, together with views on management, are outlined. PMID- 7280908 TI - Still's disease in an adult. A case report. AB - A Black woman presented with pyrexia of unknown origin. Exhaustive investigations to rule out infection, a malignant tumour or a connective tissue disease were performed. The diagnosis of adult Still's disease was made a year after presentation. PMID- 7280905 TI - The epidemiology and geographical distribution of trachoma in Lebowa. AB - The prevalence of active trachoma and its potentially blinding sequelae have been estimated in ten settlements scattered throughout rural Lebowa. The disease represents a major public health problem only in northern Lebowa where 25% of subjects over 60 years of age were found to be suffering form visual disability as a result of the infection. Although the disease is endemic in most other parts of lebowa it rarely causes blindness and impaired vision. A rational approach to the control of trachoma in the area which takes into account both local considerations and recent advances in the knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease is recommended. PMID- 7280909 TI - Amyloidosis and pregnancy. A case report. AB - A pregnancy in a patient with pre-existing renal amyloidosis and the nephrotic syndrome is reported. Details of the patient's history are documented, followed by a discussion of the effects of pregnancy on the renal condition and vice versa. PMID- 7280910 TI - Primary familial hypercholesterolaemia in a South African black. A case report. AB - A case of familial hypercholesterolaemia is presented. This is to the best of our knowledge the first report of such a case in a South African black. The modes of presentation and inheritance are discussed and the relevant literature is reviewed. PMID- 7280912 TI - 'Battlestar diabetica'. PMID- 7280911 TI - Non-invasive investigation for cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 7280913 TI - Digoxin withdrawal in patients with sinus rhythm. PMID- 7280914 TI - Cancer of the colon and rectum in the coloured population of Johannesburg. Relationship to diet and bowel habits. AB - In the Coloured population of Johannesburg, the incidence of carcinoma of the colon and rectum estimated over an 11-year period (1970-1980) is 1,33 and 1,08/100 000 respectively per year. This is lower than the incidence reported in Whites and appears to be even lower than that reported in South African and Zimbabwean Blacks. A survey of dietary factors in this population showed a diet which was high in protein, low in fats and high in bulk. The frequency of bowel action was higher than in both Whites and Blacks. These factors support Burkitt's hypothesis which states that races with a high-bulk diet have a lower incidence of large-bowel cancer. PMID- 7280915 TI - An appraisal of warfarin therapy during pregnancy. AB - A retrospective analysis of 40 patients with cardiac disease who received sodium warfarin (Coumadin) therapy during pregnancy has been performed. The fetal mortality was 12,5%, but no case of congenital epiphyseal stippling was detected. The incidence of maternal postpartum haemorrhage was high. Warfarin should whenever possible be withheld during the 1st trimester of pregnancy and replaced by heparin. PMID- 7280916 TI - A new bone-holding clamp for use during internal fixation of fractures. AB - A new bone-holding clamp for general use during internal fixation of tubular bone fractures is described. The clamp overcomes the common problem of slippage of the reduced position of fracture ends during internal fixation. Further advantages include minimal damage to the periosseous soft tissue and periosteum, which means that the blood vessels are preserved, and the unrestricted working area provided during the operation. Owing to its design the clamp also acts as a self-retaining retractor. The clamp could be described as that 'extra hand' for which the surgeon so often feels the need during the critical stages of osteosynthesis. PMID- 7280917 TI - Night calls. A survey in general practice. AB - A survey of night calls, executed over a 1-year period between 18h00 and 06h30 the next morning, is presented. Reasons for calls are compared with those in similar surveys carried out in the UK. PMID- 7280918 TI - The incorrect response in multiple-choice examinations. AB - There are three causes for incorrect responses in multiple-choice question (MCQ) and true-false (T-F) tests: (i) guessing as a result of total ignorance; (ii) guessing as a result of partial knowledge; and (iii) so-called 'anti-knowledge', which we define as the recording of an incorrect response in the firm belief that it is the correct one. Anti-knowledge responses may have many causes: ambiguity about the words or implied meaning of a question, differences of scientific prejudice or opinion, or because of misconceptions. Whatever the cause, however, anti-knowledge always gives rise to a score which is less than the score obtained through random guessing. This is a major failing of the MCQ type of examination, and there is nothing that can be done about the scoring system to alleviate the problem. Essentially the type of question which might give rise to anti-knowledge responses has to be eliminated from the examination, thus ensuring that partial knowledge is always rewarded by a score equal to or greater than (but never less than) the score for random guessing. PMID- 7280919 TI - The treatment of giant hairy naevi by dermabrasion in the first few weeks of life. Case reports. AB - A method for treating congenital giant naevi in the first few weeks of life by mechanical dermabrasion is described. From reports in the literature and from our 2 cases it would seem that this is a very effective method for removing pigmentation early in life. The cosmetic deformity of these lesions is eradicated and their malignant potential possibly minimized. PMID- 7280920 TI - Myocardial sarcoidosis. A case report. AB - A 63-year-old man with sarcoidosis developed recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias, intermittent heart block and congestive cardiac failure. Transvenous endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated sarcoid infiltration of the myocardium. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias were abolished with amiodarone and prednisone. PMID- 7280921 TI - Curiosa paediatrica V: Inverted nipples. AB - Inverted, retracted or indrawn nipples are established in very early infancy, perhaps even prenatally, and are to be regarded as a developmental mammary malformation which is not corrigible by any manipulation. This fact should be recognized by parents and by antenatal supervisors who are consulted or called upon to advise about breast-feeding. PMID- 7280923 TI - [Personality studies in haemophiliacs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280924 TI - [New method of obtaining anti-HLA antisera from multiparas]. PMID- 7280922 TI - [On the phagocytic capability of hairy cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280926 TI - [Practical importance of the concept of myelopathic dyshemopoiesis or myelopathy]. PMID- 7280927 TI - [Lennert's lymphoma. Clinicopathological study of one case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280928 TI - [Megaloblastic anaemia due to excessively prolonged administration of pyrimethamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280925 TI - [Study of sister chromatid exchange in patients with lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280929 TI - [Finding of haemoglobin G Philadelphia alpha 68 (E17) Asn-Lys in Costa Rica. Biochemical and genetic considerations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7280930 TI - Genetic complementation groups in cockayne syndrome. AB - Skin fibroblasts from patients with cockayne syndrome (CS cell) exhibited marked ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity as measured by colony-forming ability. Further, recovery of semiconservative DNA synthesis following UV irradiation was absent in CS cells, as it is in xeroderma pigmentosum cells. We found that the rate of semiconservative DNA synthesis measured at 12 h after 12 J/m2 of UV irradiation had recovered to nearly normal levels in binuclear cells obtained by the fusion of CS strains CS3BE (GM 1856) and CS7SE (GM1428) and of CS3BE (GM1856) and CS1BE (GM1629), but not of C57SE (GM1428) and CS1BE (GM1629). These results indicate that there are at least two genetic complementation groups in CS. PMID- 7280933 TI - Esophagectomy without thoracotomy. AB - It should be understood that esophagectomy without thoracotomy is not a surgical procedure for the treatment of a particular esophageal lesion but is only a surgical aid. Therefore, it is extremely important to discuss the specific indications for using this technique to treat a particular esophageal disorder. The technique of esophagectomy without thoracotomy should not be used for malignant lesions of the thoracic esophagus except under particular circumstances, such as resection of a carcinoma in an extremely early stage or palliative resection of advanced carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus without local invasion. Esophagectomy without thoracotomy is extremely useful for the treatment of esophageal or esophagus-related lesions, such as hypopharyngeal carcinoma, benign stricture of the esophagus, or even some carcinomas of the lower esophagus and cardia of the stomach. PMID- 7280934 TI - Emergency medicine. An important specialty today. PMID- 7280931 TI - On suppression of tumorigenicity in hybrid and cybrid mouse cells. AB - The contribution of cytoplasm in the suppression of tumorigenicity was examined in cybrids constructed by fusing whole tumorigenic mouse mammary cells (Balb/c, cell line C2B2 from line MT29240) with enucleated nontumorigenic cells (BALB/c, cell line THOC from clone A31). Chloramphenicol resistance was used as a cytoplasmic marker in selecting the cybrids. Hybrids from parental nonenucleated cells were also isolated and analyzed for the expression of tumorigenicity. A reduction of the tumorigenic capacity in terms of tumor incidence and latency was clearly expressed in most of the cybrid clones studied. In the cybrids, saturation density and colony formation in agarose was also reduced. In most of the hybrid clones studied, a reduction was also observed in the tumorigenic capacity but not in saturation density or anchorage independence. PMID- 7280932 TI - METT-1: a karyotypically normal in vitro line of developmentally totipotent mouse teratocarcinoma cells. AB - A karyotypically normal, chromosomally female (X/X) in vitro line of mouse teratocarcinoma stem cells was established from a malignant mouse teratocarcinoma of the 129/Sv Sl C P inbred strain. The tumor of origin was experimentally induced by ectopic transplantation of a 6-day embryo. The normal number of chromosomes was observed in 92% of metaphases of the cultured cells. This high frequency of euploidy, as well as karyotypic normalcy, were maintained during numerous passages in culture without a feeder-cell layer and after freezing and thawing of the cells. The line has been designated METT-1 (Mouse Euploid Totipotent Teratocarcinoma), signifying that it is the first such in vitro line that has proved (in tests by T. Stewart and B. Mintz, manuscript in preparation) to be developmentally totipotent, i.e., capable of both somatic and germinal differentiation when injected into blastocysts, even after freezing and thawing and prolonged culture. This unique ensemble of properties renders the cell line suitable for selection of specific mutant genes and for gene-transfer experiments in culture, for the purpose of producing from the mutant cells new strains of mice with predetermined genetic changes. PMID- 7280935 TI - Symposium on biliary tract disease. PMID- 7280937 TI - Recurrence of carcinoma of the colon and rectum at the anastomotic suture line. AB - A total of 1,315 patients were treated by potentially curative resection for a single primary malignant tumor of the large intestine. Thirty-five or 2.7 per cent of the patients subsequently presented with a recurrent tumor at the site of the anastomosis. Fourteen of these patients were treated by further operation with curative intention, resulting in a median cancer-specific survival time of 41 months. The prognosis after resection of a recurrence of the tumor at the suture line was significantly better, p=0.001, than for patients in whom no further resection or palliative operation only was performed. None of the latter has survived for more than 30 months after confirmation of the recurrence, with a median survival time of 8.5 months. PMID- 7280936 TI - Biliary stricture. AB - Comparison of our results for the past 14 years with those from the period 1940 through 1968 shows that surgical therapy in the repair of biliary stricture has plateaued at a consistent level of more than 90 per cent success. The selection of an operative procedure and its conduct have become standardized based on the principles discussed earlier. The patients that have an unsatisfactory outcome are for the most part predictable. They are mainly those with biliary cirrhosis and its complications, ineradicable intrahepatic stone formation, or rare injuries that are technically incorrectable. Current experience reinforces our previous observation that a history of one or more previous unsuccessful repairs does not preclude success after another attempt. More than 80 per cent of such patients have been rendered symptom-free by stricture repair (Table 3). Since surgical therapy eliminates the need for external tubes and the perpetual morbidity of other forms of palliative therapy, it remains the mainstay of treatment for all but a handful of patients. PMID- 7280938 TI - Factors affecting perforation in acute appendicitis. PMID- 7280939 TI - The prognostic significance of specific histologic features of carcinoma of the colon and rectum. AB - The prognostic significance of several histologic features of the primary tumors and regional lymph nodes was analyzed in 82 consecutive patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Three criteria were shown to have a statistically significant favorable impact on prognosis: Dukes' A or B stage, the absence of mucinous components and the presence of lymphoplasmocytic infiltration in or around the tumor. Based upon the number of these criteria present, we were able to separate the patients into three distinct prognostic groups. We suggest that such a grouping is simple and should be considered in the design and analysis of future adjuvant trials done for carcinoma of the colon and rectum. PMID- 7280940 TI - Hysteroscopic evaluation of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. AB - Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common indication for dilation and curettage. Because of the pitfalls involved with this blind procedure, hysteroscopy was added for the evaluation of the patient in this study. In 419 premenopausal and 134 postmenopausal patients who had abnormal uterine bleeding, hysteroscopy was performed prior to dilation and curettage, and directed biopsies were obtained under hysteroscopic view when abnormal lesions were discovered. In 352 patients, an abnormality was hysteroscopically detected, such as endometrial polyps, submucous leiomyomas, intrauterine adhesions and focal lesions compatible with adenomatous hyperplasia or endometrial carcinoma, many of which were not detected at the subsequent dilation and curettage. Hysteroscopy provides a precise and accurate adjunct to traditional methods of diagnosing intrauterine abnormalities, particularly focal lesions which may be missed at curettage. PMID- 7280941 TI - Biliary enteric fistula. AB - From 1932 to 1978, 105 patients with biliary enteric fistulas are reported upon from The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center. During this 46 year period, 11,808 patients were operated upon for nonmalignant biliary tract disease, representing an incidence of biliary enteric fistulas of 0.9 per cent. The most common location of the fistula was cholecystoduodenal in 77 per cent and cholecystocolic in 15 per cent. Ninety-eight of the 105 patients underwent 109 surgical procedures for symptoms and complications associated with the fistula. The operative mortality was 6 per cent. The recommended definitive procedure includes cholecystectomy, excision of the fistula, common bile duct exploration and operative cholangiography. Among the 105 patients were 22 who presented with intestinal obstruction or ileus due to gallstones. The operative mortality in this group was 4.5 per cent. The recommended treatment for this condition is operative relief of the obstruction with correction of the biliary enteric fistula at an elective second stage operation. PMID- 7280942 TI - Histologic changes and intrahepatic biliary abnormalities in extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction. AB - To assess the role of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in the production of damage to the liver and biliary ductal apparatus, 100 patients underwent choledochoduodenostomy for malignant or benign extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Patients were observed by means of barium meal studies for one month to one year postoperatively. Emphasis was placed upon the relationship of the appearance, structure and function of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary tree in these studies with the findings after histologic examination of the liver, gallbladder or commmon bile duct wall; liver function tests, and cultures of the bile. It has been shown that barium meal studies are an indicative criterion for the evaluation of the extent and progress of the hepatobiliary damage and of its further development after relief of the obstruction. It has been proved that chronic extrahepatic biliary obstruction of long standing seen in patients with a long history of symptoms, with a high incidence of primary common bile duct stones and with a high rate of contaminated bile as well as a high percentage of common bile duct dilation is a challenging and serious disease for both the patient and the hepatobiliary apparatus. PMID- 7280943 TI - Clinical applications of magnetic rings in colorectal anastomosis. AB - Based upon experiments on animals, an anastomotic apparatus, consisting of two magnetic rings of polymer bonded, rare earth cobalt magnets embedded in polyester, was developed. There are three types of polyester device with diameters of 25, 28, and 30 millimeters, respectively. The force between the magnets varied between 2.5 Newtons at 4 centimer separation and 11.8 Newtons at union. For the low colorectal anastomosis, a magnet holder, connecting rod and spherical cap were developed. The aim of the technique is a quick restoration of the underbroken submucosal intestinal cylinder by optimal circular apposition of the submucosal layer. The working mechanism is based upon progressive compression, leading to necrosis of the intermediate mucosal and submucosal layers by increasing the magnetic force while intestinal healing takes place. After seven to 12 days, the magnets cut through the disappear from the anastomotic region by intestinal peristalsis. From the initial series of 21 patients, 11 resections of the sigmoid colon and nine low anterior resections were performed. Dehiscence of the suture line was noted in two instances. One patient required reoperation. The other patient had a small area of dehiscence at the suture line after evacuation of an infected hematoma with a further uncomplicated course. One patient died on the third postoperative day of recurrent myocardial infarction. In the other 18 patients, primary intestinal healing was demonstrated roentgenologically and sigmoidoscopically. PMID- 7280944 TI - The value of early endoscopy following caustic ingestion. PMID- 7280945 TI - Herniorrhaphies performed upon outpatients under local anesthesia. PMID- 7280946 TI - New concepts in the management of emboli of the superior mesenteric artery. AB - The experience with 47 patients with intestinal ischemia resulting from superior mesenteric artery emboli who were treated at Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center over a 12 year period was reviewed. The over-all mortality was 66 per cent, but patients with infarction of 50 per cent or more of the small intestine did more poorly; 17 of 19 such patients died. Twenty patients were managed according to an aggressive approach which incorporates earlier and more liberal use of angiography and preoperative and postoperative intra-arterial infusions of papaverine into the superior mesenteric artery. Twenty-five patients were managed according to more traditional methods. Two patients died before treatment could be initiated. As the primary treatment, intra-arterially given papaverine was successful in four patients, two who were not operated upon and two with normal intestines at the time of delayed laparotomy. A survival rate of 55 per cent was obtained in the patients managed according to protocol, whereas only 20 per cent of those treated by traditional methods survived. In ten of the 11 survivors in the protocol treated group enough intestine to provide normal gastrointestinal function was preserved. The best survival was achieved in patients who were managed by the protocol and were diagnosed within 24 hours of the onset of pain. Our data indicates that a management plan incorporating the earlier and more liberal use of angiography and of preoperative and postoperative papaverine infusions into the superior mesenteric artery can lower the mortality associated with this catastrophe to less than 50 per cent. PMID- 7280947 TI - The role of systemic antibiotics in operations upon the colon. AB - A prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the role of parenteral antibiotics in elective operations upon the colon. All patients received a mechanical intestinal preparation, neomycin and erythromycin base orally and topical antibiotic administration intra-abdominally and to the wound at the time of operation. The patients were further randomized into three groups. One group received no parenteral antibiotics; the second group received parenteral cefamandole, and the third group received parenteral penicillin, gentamicin and clindamycin. One hundred and thirteen patients completed the study. The sepsis rate postoperatively was similar for all three groups. When oral and topical antibiotics are used in elective operations upon the colon, parenteral antibiotics provide no additional benefit. PMID- 7280948 TI - Rapid volume replacement with percutaneous catheter introducer sets. PMID- 7280949 TI - Corpora cavernosa-glans penis shunt for priapism. AB - A corpora cavernosa-glans penis shunt was carried out to control priapism in eight patients in the past two years. Four of the five patients treated by sertion of a biopsy needle through the glans into the corpora and three patients treated by creation of a window in the tunica albugenia of the corpora through a glans penis incision experienced prompt detumescence and maintained potency. These observations support the efficacy of a venous shunt to achieve rapid detumescence and support the concept that potency is likely to be preserved if venous stasis is relieved promptly and its recurrence prevented. Surgical incision of the glans penis to permit creation of a shunt from each corpora cavernosum under direct vision is simple, safe and effective. This procedure warrants primary consideration as the initial treatment of priapism. PMID- 7280950 TI - Cell communication between subsets of lymphocytes. I. PMID- 7280951 TI - Presence of sex steroid hormone receptors in meningioma tissue. AB - Meningiomas from 10 patients were studied for the presence of sex hormone receptors. No meningioma was found to have estrogen receptors, while 4 had no receptors. The presence of progesterone receptors was independent of the age or sex of the patient, whereas androgen receptors were found only in postmenopausal women. The possible relationship between the epidemiological characteristics of meningiomas and the presence of sex hormone receptors is discussed. PMID- 7280952 TI - Neurosurgery in Tibet. PMID- 7280953 TI - Computed tomography with craniopharyngiomas: a review. AB - A retrospective study of the computerized tomographic (CT) examinations of 20 children and 13 adults with craniopharyngiomas was undertaken, with special attention paid to the densitometric characteristics of the tumors (contrast enhancement and presence of cysts and calcifications). The aim was to quantify these characteristics and to assess their diagnostic reliability, both alone and together. In suprasellar tumors al three characteristics were present in 75% of the cases, with a diagnostic accuracy of 100%; two were present in 20.6%, with a diagnostic accuracy of 85%; and one was present in 3.4%, with a diagnostic accuracy of 50%. The unusual densitometric presentations of intrasellar tumors are discussed. PMID- 7280954 TI - Ulnar palsy caused by synovial chondromatosis. PMID- 7280955 TI - Cerebral cladosporiosis. AB - Two cases of cerebral abscess caused by Cladosporium bantianum are described. One patient was a 50-year-old man who presented after experiencing symptoms for five years, while the other was a 6-month-old child. In both patients the fungus was identified in the material submitted for histopathological examination, and in 1 case it was cultured. Although no antifungal therapy was administered, the child has improved and is doing well ten months after the operation. PMID- 7280956 TI - Venous cerebral infarction. PMID- 7280957 TI - A rare fungal brain abscess in an uncompromised host. PMID- 7280958 TI - Visualization and three-dimensional reconstruction of pituitary microadenomas from CT data: a technical report. PMID- 7280959 TI - Sarcoidosis presenting as a posterior fossa mass. PMID- 7280960 TI - Transient neurologic deficits associated with congestive heart failure and hypovolemia. PMID- 7280961 TI - Stress-strain relationship and neurological sequelae of uniaxial elongation of the spinal cord of cats. AB - An in vivo experimental method was developed to measure the mechanical or rheological properties of the spinal cord of anesthetized cats. This novel approach resulted in measurements of the tensile force in the cord and the modulus of the spinal cord tissue under longitudinal elongation. Both sensory and motor function of the cats recovered within a week after a spinal cord segment had been stretched by a 50% elongation. PMID- 7280962 TI - Cervical spinal subdural hematoma. AB - We report a case of intraspinal subdural hematoma following trauma - a rare entity - with a review of the literature. The location of the hematoma in the cervical spine as described in this report is even more uncommon and was reported only once before. The pathophysiology of this entity is discussed, and the myelographic features are emphasized to facilitate the preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 7280963 TI - Carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms: visual abnormalities in 32 patients and the results of treatment. AB - A review of 100 cases of carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms has been undertaken to detail their associated visual signs and the effect of surgical treatment on visual function. Thirty-two patients (25 of 61 with intact aneurysms, 7 of 39 with ruptured aneurysms) had visual abnormalities. Visual field abnormalities were found in all these patients, and visual acuity was impaired in every patient except 1. These aneurysms were often difficult to treat surgically, and a wide variety of techniques were used. A satisfactory neurological result was obtained in 26 of the 32 patients (81%), with a satisfactory visual result in 24 of the 29 survivors (83%). PMID- 7280964 TI - Pontine hematomas. AB - Pontine hematomas are very rare lesions that in the past were found at postmortem examination rather than diagnosed from the clinical presentation. The advent of computed tomography allowed more frequent identification of those lesions which has shown a more favorable prognosis than formerly thought. Three patients suffering from intrapontine hematomas, revealed by computed tomography, are discussed. The etiopathogenesis, location, and clinical features of this lesion are discussed in an attempt to establish general criteria from adequate management. All 3 patients (2 treated conservatively and 1 by surgical evacuation) had a successful outcome. Repeat CT scans gave evidence of resolution of this lesion in all patients. PMID- 7280966 TI - Phenytoin-dexamethasone interaction: a previously unreported observation. AB - A possible drug interaction between phenytoin and dexamethasone was evaluated by comparing serum phenytoin concentrations in 23 patients receiving both drugs with those of a control group of 15 patients receiving phenytoin only. Serum phenytoin concentrations obtained 24 hours after a loading dose of 11 mg per kilogram body weight administered intravenously and 13 mg/kg given intramuscularly were examined. The total amounts of dexamethasone administered during the 24-hour period ranged from 16 to 150 mg. The average serum phenytoin concentration was 17.28 +/- 3.49 micrograms/ml in patients receiving both drugs, as compared to 12.48 +/- 3.52 micrograms/ml in patients receiving only phenytoin (p less than 0.001). Our results suggest that serum phenytoin concentrations should be monitored in patients receiving concurrent dexamethasone therapy. PMID- 7280967 TI - Cerebral gliomas. PMID- 7280965 TI - Delayed carotid-cavernous fistula and multiple cranial neuropathy following basal skull fracture. AB - A case of basilar skull fracture associated with palsies of the 3rd through 10th cranial nerves on the ipsilateral side is presented. Three months after the initial injury, despite return of significant ocular movement, proptosis and conjunctival congestion heralded the onset of an ipsilateral carotid-cavernous fistula. Angiography revealed the presence of a carotid-cavernous fistula; however, the ipsilateral carotid artery was occluded in the neck. A single pathophysiological mechanism is proposed to account for this unique series of events. PMID- 7280968 TI - Oculomotor palsy with pupillary sparing, coincidental aneurysm, and chronic lymphocytic leukemic meningeal infiltration. AB - A patient with oculomotor palsy with pupillary sparing was shown angiographically to have an aneurysm of the internal carotid artery, which proved at operation to arise distal to the origin of the ophthalmic artery. It did not impinge on the oculomotor nerve at any point. The oculomotor palsy persisted postoperatively, and complete intrinsic and extrinsic ophthalmoplegia developed. Cytological studies of cerebrospinal fluid were then made and were positive for malignant lymphocytic leukemic cells. Despite the fact that an aneurysm causing oculomotor palsy with pupillary sparing has been reported, we recommend that nonaneurysmal causes be considered first in patients presenting with that neurological sign. PMID- 7280969 TI - Ultrastructure of capillaries in acoustic neurilemmoma. AB - The microvasculature of normal acoustic nerve tissue and small intracanalicular and large extracanalicular neurilemmomas was analyzed by electron microscopy. The capillaries of normal acoustic nerve were nonfenestrated, but the microvasculature in nerve-sheath neoplasms was fenestrated. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of endothelial cells were observed only in the small lesions. The proliferated and enlarge endothelial cells often partially occluded the vascular lumen and formed multichannel vascular lumina. Many fenestrae of capillaries were found in small neoplasms, but these were rarely identified in the large extracanalicular lesions. The gap junctions of endothelium in small nerve-sheath neoplasms were long, wavy, and convoluted, had no openings, and differed from those of large lesions in which the tight junctions were short, straight, and occasionally patent. Additionally, heavy vascularization and erythrocytes within basement membranes were observed only in large neurilemmomas. These ultrastructural features may constitute a basis for differences between large and small acoustic neurilemmomas noted in cerebrospinal fluid findings. PMID- 7280970 TI - Vanishing cerebral aneurysm in serial angiography. AB - The angiographically documented spontaneous thrombosis of an internal carotid posterior communicating aneurysm in a 63-year-old woman is reported. Serial angiography performed 10, 17, and 29 days after the initial attack of subarachnoid hemorrhage demonstrated progressive thrombosis of the aneurysm. Clinical analysis of this case and a review of the literature suggest that vasospasm and the relative narrowness of the aneurysmal neck played crucial roles in the spontaneous thrombosis of the aneurysm, although neither is definitely responsible. PMID- 7280971 TI - Long-term patency of occipital artery-middle cerebral artery bypass demonstrated by angiography. PMID- 7280972 TI - Anterior sacral meningocele. AB - A case of anterior sacral meningocele is presented emphasizing early diagnosis based on recurring functional complaints and employing appropriate radiological studies. The appropriate use of computerized tomography (CT) scanning and the proper surgical management utilizing laminectomy and obliteration of the communicating channel of the meningocele are discussed. PMID- 7280973 TI - A cerebral neuroblastoma with extracranial metastases. AB - A rare case of cerebral neuroblastoma with extracranial metastases is reported. This patient was followed for over ten years. The biopsy specimen of the brain tumor taken at the first operation revealed the architecture of a poorly differentiated ependymoma having perivascular rosettes. The histological pattern of the second biopsy taken eight years after the first operation was highly cellular and vascular with abundant mitoses, showing Homer-Wright rosettes. The histological diagnosis of this second specimen was a cerebral neuroblastoma. The problem of the multipotentiality of the brain tumor is discussed. PMID- 7280975 TI - Intracranial hypoglossal neurinoma: diagnosis and postoperative care. PMID- 7280974 TI - Cervical intramedullary schwannoma. PMID- 7280976 TI - Choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle. AB - Choroid plexus papillomas are rarely located in the third ventricle. The case of a 49-year-old man who had a total microsurgical excision of such a lesion is reported. The neuroradiological features and the surgical results are discussed, with a review of 25 other cases reported in the literature. Microsurgical technique made possible a good exposure and successful complete removal of the tumor. PMID- 7280978 TI - Pineal region: surgical management of tumours and vascular malformations. AB - From August, 1977, to April, 1980, 11 patients were operated on for lesions in and around the pineal region. The pathology consisted of 8 tumours, 1 giant arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen, 1 giant aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery, and 1 venous malformation of the vein of Galen. A different tactical approach was used, depending upon the location and the type of lesion. The present series documents the feasibility of the direct surgical attack on vascular and tumoural lesions of the pineal region with low mortality and no morbidity. Tactical and technical aspects are discussed. PMID- 7280977 TI - Cryptic vascular malformation of the choroid plexus. AB - A 45-year-old man and a 47-year-old woman with cryptic vascular malformations of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle are reported. Each patient had an intraventricular hematoma, located in the right trigone and in the anterior part of the left lateral ventricle, respectively. The vascular lesion of one patient was angiographically visualized as find abnormal vessels communicating with the right anterior choroidal artery; in the other, angiography did not reveal the lesion. In the former patient, histological examination of the excised specimen led to a diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation; in the latter, a diagnosis of venous malformation was made. Both patients were successfully treated surgically. PMID- 7280979 TI - Bilateral absence of the internal carotid artery with sellar enlargement due to anomalous vascularity. AB - A unique case is described in which a patient with a primary cerebral neoplasm was found to have bilateral aplasia of the internal carotid artery that presented with an eroded sella turcica mimicking an intrasellar mass. The embryologic origin of this anomaly is discussed, and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 7280980 TI - Rapid enlargement of ventricles within seven hours after head injury. AB - We report a case of acute enlargement of the ventricles within 7 hours after head injury that was documented by repeated computerized tomography. It is suggested that the pathophysiological mechanism for this rapid enlargement of ventricles may be due to the raised intracranial pressure (ICP) that results from obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid pathways by subarachnoid hemorrhage, in addition to the elevation of ICP aggravated by frequent focal convulsive seizures. PMID- 7280981 TI - Bilateral trigeminal neuralgia. AB - A 56-year-old woman previously treated by a retrogasserian neurectomy for a right tic douloureux was rendered free of pain, but complete anaesthesia of the right half of her face remained. Seven years later, she developed a typical left trigeminal neuralgia. Contralateral rhizotomy was refused because of the patient's concern about having bilateral facial anaesthesia. Through a suboccipital craniectomy, the trigeminal nerve was decompressed from a thickened arachnoid membrane and a large bridging vein near the root entry zone. After eighteen months, the patient was free of pain with intact facial sensations on the left side. Therapeutic considerations in cases of bilateral trigeminal neuralgia are discussed. PMID- 7280982 TI - Stenoses of the distal segments of the internal carotid artery. AB - In 31 of 51 patients with stenosis of the distal segments of the internal carotid artery, the first symptom was a transient ischemic attack. In spite of the high incidence of angiographically proved emboli, 46 patients remained in good neurological condition. Aspirin was given to all patients. In 4 patients a total occlusion developed, causing severe neurological deficit. This indicates that the danger of occlusion is significantly higher than that of embolization. External carotid-internal carotid artery bypass was carried out in 23 patients; occlusion developed during the postoperative observation period in 4 patients without any neurological consequences. It can be concluded that an EC/IC bypass operation is the method of choice in treating patients with severe distal stenosis or recent mural thrombi. PMID- 7280983 TI - Intracranial aneurysms: characteristics of aneurysms by site, with special reference to anterior communicating artery aneurysms. AB - Data are presented from an unselected series of 212 aneurysm patients for aneurysms at three major sites: the internal carotid-posterior communicating artery junction, the anterior communicating artery, and the middle cerebral artery. More than 70% of the anterior communicating artery aneurysms occurred as single aneurysms; less than 30% of the middle cerebral artery aneurysms were single. Anterior communicating artery aneurysms showed a right-side predominance in males but not in females. Both males and females had significantly higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures for left-sided anterior communicating artery aneurysms than for right-side aneurysms. A brief review of factors relevant to anterior communicating artery aneurysms is presented. PMID- 7280984 TI - Arachnoid cyst of the middle cranial fossa: report of bilateral cysts in siblings. AB - Primary intracranial arachnoid cysts are not too infrequent, but cases involving a familial occurrence of arachnoid cysts or bilateral symmetrical cysts in one patient have rarely been reported. We report bilateral arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa in siblings. PMID- 7280985 TI - Subdural metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - Adenocarcinoma of the prostate commonly metastasizes to lymph nodes and bones, with occasional visceral deposits; lesions in the brain are rare. Although leptomeningeal carcinomatosis secondary to prostatic tumor has been reported, discrete cranial dural metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma have not been described previously. The case of a patient having a unique adenocarcinoma of the prostate with bone, lymph node, and subdural metastatic lesions is presented. PMID- 7280986 TI - Combined cavernous-arteriovenous malformation. AB - Cerebral angiomas consisting of two distinct types of malformations are rare. A case of combined arteriovenous and cavernous angioma is reported. For what is believed to be the first time, the cavernous portion of the angioma was clearly demonstrated by angiography and appeared similar to cavernous malformations occurring outside the central nervous system. This case emphasizes the continuous overlapping spectrum of cerebral vasculature anomalies. PMID- 7280987 TI - An unrecognized neurological syndrome: sixth-nerve palsy and Horner's syndrome due to traumatic intracavernous carotid aneurysm. AB - An unclassified type of ophthalmoplegia, composed of sixth-nerve paresis and Horner's syndrome without facial anhidrosis, was studied in an 18-year-old woman following cranial trauma. Carotid angiography disclosed a traumatic intracavernous carotid aneurysm. According to previous anatomical reports, an important sympathetic nerve joins the sixth cranial nerve in the posterior part of the cavernous sinus. An expansive process into the cavernous sinus at this point may cause this unclassified neurological syndrome. A review of the literature and a detailed clinical study were made. PMID- 7280989 TI - Evaluation of megadose vitamin therapy in an experimental brain tumor. AB - A mixture of vitamins C and B12 in high dosage, which has been reported to eradicate ascites tumors in rats, was tested for its antineoplastic effect against the L9 glioma in Fisher CDF strain rats. No difference in survival time between animals receiving the vitamin mixture and controls could be demonstrated. Possible reasons for the different response to therapy in the two experimental tumor systems are discussed. PMID- 7280988 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to trigeminal neurinoma. AB - A patient with the initial symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia suddenly developed facial and acoustic nerve palsies after experiencing a spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. The cause of the hemorrhage was found when a trigeminal neurinoma with an old intracapsular hematoma was exposed. PMID- 7280990 TI - Posttraumatic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery with a contralateral intracerebral hematoma. AB - A case of posttraumatic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery with contralateral intracerebral hematoma caused by a coup-contre-coup mechanism is reported. The pathogenetic factors of intracranial arterial occlusion or stenosis following head injury and traumatic intracerebral hematoma are discussed. PMID- 7280991 TI - Anastomosis of occipital artery to anterior inferior cerebellar artery for vertebrobasilar junction stenosis. AB - A new approach to revascularization of the posterior fossa for vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to vertebrobasilar junction stenosis is reported. The procedure involves anastomosing the occipital artery to a branch of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Rationale for the procedure and surgical technique are discussed. PMID- 7280992 TI - Chromostereopsis. PMID- 7280993 TI - Vitreous hemorrhage complicating retinal astrocytic hamartoma. AB - Tuberous sclerosis classically presents a triad of mental deficiency, seizures and adenoma sebaceum. Among the ocular manifestations are astrocytic hamartomas in the retina. This paper describes the case of a 24-year-old man with tuberous sclerosis who had recurrent vitreous hemorrhage from a large epipapillary astrocytic hamartoma in the left eye. Pars plana vitrectomy cleared the vitreous and bimanual bipolar coagulation of tumor bleeding points was done. Fragments of the friable tumor were obtained with the vitrectomy instrument and were prepared for tissue culture, histology, and electron microscopy. Although pars plana vitrectomy offers certain advantages over other methods of biopsy, it does present a danger of extraocular seeding of malignant cells; therefore, it is not recommended in cases with probable intraocular malignancy. PMID- 7280994 TI - How to measure the relative afferent pupillary defect. PMID- 7280995 TI - Central visual dysfunction with disc swelling. AB - A healthy 17-year-old white male suffered sudden painless onset of visual loss in the right eye. The affected eye had a cecocentral scotoma, marked disc swelling with hyperemia and flame-shaped hemorrhages, and subretinal fluid extending into the macular area. The authors each consider the differential diagnosis, indications for treatment, the natural course, and the likelihood of association with various systemic diseases. PMID- 7280996 TI - Presidential address: current relations between surgery and anesthesiology--a look at the other side. PMID- 7280997 TI - Biliary tract surgery and cirrhosis: a critical combination. AB - Gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct operations merit special consideration in cirrhotic patients. During the past 15 years at Strong Memorial Hospital, 33 cirrhotic patients have undergone cholecystectomy or an operation for bile duct obstruction. Of the 21 patients with cirrhosis subjected to cholecystectomy for cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, nine had uncomplicated courses. Included in this group was one patient in whom the intrahepatic portion of the gallbladder was deliberately not resected. The other 12 patients (57%) had excessive intraoperative bleeding and required transfusion of three or more units of blood. One patient required additional exploratory surgery and antifibrinolytic therapy to control bleeding. In an additional group, only one of seven patients whose gallbladder was removed during a portal decompressive procedure bled excessively from the liver bed. A third group of five patients, including four with secondary biliary cirrhosis who underwent operations on the bile duct for obstruction, had massive intraoperative bleeding (greater than 5 U). Four of the five exsanguinated, and the remaining patient died of sepsis. A more conservative approach toward elective cholecystectomy in the cirrhotic patient is indicated. If an operation is performed, increased bleeding should be anticipated; extensive intrahepatic dissection should be avoided. Intraoperative infusion of vasopressin and an antifibrinolytic agent should be considered. PMID- 7280998 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic dissolution of common bile duct stones. PMID- 7280999 TI - The Nardi test and biliary manometry in the diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary sphincter dysfunction. PMID- 7281000 TI - Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts. AB - The records of patients with carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts, including the ampulla of Vater, operated on at the University of Rochester Medical Center between 1960 and 1980 were reviewed. All 47 patients had similar manifestations and laboratory findings; percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were the two studies that consistently localized the tumor. Seven of eight patients with carcinoma of the ampulla underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. At this writing five are alive and well without evidence of recurrence (a mean of 47 months). Twenty-three tumors were located at or proximal to the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts; 16 were distal to this point. The six patients with distal lesions that were resected had a mean survival time of 14 months; the mean survival time was 7 months for the six patients in whom the operation was restricted to drainage of the proximal duct. Of the group of patients subjected to exploratory surgery and biopsy only, none survived longer than a month. Resection was carried out in only one patient for a proximal lesion; this patient died 28 months after the operation. Patients with proximal lesions who underwent drainage procedures lived an average of 7.6 months. In all groups several was longer in patients without metastases at the time of operation. The survival time after the resection was significantly longer than that associated with drainage, which suggests a more aggressive approach to these lesions. PMID- 7281001 TI - Combined Collis gastroplasty--fundoplication operations for scleroderma reflux esophagitis. AB - Thirty-seven patients with scleroderma and reflux esophagitis, including 16 (43%) with peptic esophageal strictures, have been treated with a combination of the Collis gastroplasty and either a Belsey (240 degree) or Nissen (360 degree) fundoplication. Follow-up data have been obtained through personal interviews, esophageal manometry, and acid reflux testing. There have been no postoperative deaths or wound-healing complications. Five (31%) of the 16 patients with strictures still require intermittent dilatations. In the Collis-Belsey group (17 patients), after an average follow-up of 42 months, reflux symptoms have been eliminated in 11, are mild in three, and moderate or severe in three. Distal esophageal high-pressure zone (HPZ) tone and length have increased from an average of 4.6 mm Hg and 1.6 cm preoperatively to 8.6 mm Hg and 2.3 cm postoperatively. Acid reflux testing with the intraesophageal pH electrode, however, has demonstrated moderate-to-severe reflux in seven patients (41%). In the Collis-Nissen group (20 patients), after an average follow-up of 22 months, reflux symptoms have been eliminated in 17, are mild in two, and severe in one. Average HPZ tone and length have increased from 2.5 mm Hg and 1.2 cm preoperatively to 12 mm Hg and 4.2 cm postoperatively. The acid reflux test has revealed moderate or severe reflux in five patients (25%). Gratifying subjective and objective reflux control can be achieved in scleroderma patients with minimal operative morbidity. PMID- 7281002 TI - Lack of sustained vagal control of gastric mucosal blood flow. Why vagotomy is not effective in preventing recurrent hemorrhage from stress ulcers. AB - Vagotomy with drainage or resection has been advocated for control of hemorrhage from stress-related gastric erosions despite the high rate of associated rebleeding. The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of truncal and selective vagotomy on gastric mucosal blood flow under both normotensive and ischemic conditions to ascertain why rebleeding occurs. Fifteen miniature swine were divided into three groups according to the surgical procedure they underwent: (1) pyloroplasty alone, (2) truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty, and (3) selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty. Four weeks postoperatively the animals were studied in three phases--during a normotensive period, during 5 minutes of shock (50 mm Hg), and during 90 minutes of shock (50 mm Hg). Cardiac output and mean arterial pressure values as well as gastric mucosal blood flow (measured by 15 microspheres) were determined during each phase. The following values were similar in all three groups: shock-related decreases in cardiac output and mean arterial pressure (60% decrease), total gastric mucosal blood flow during normotension, and gastric mucosal blood flow decreases at 5 and 90 minutes of shock (60% decrease). Identical reductions in gastric mucosal blood flow occurred in the gastric fundus, corpus, and antrum as well. These results demonstrate that the elimination of gastric vagal tone does not alter either the normotensive gastric mucosal blood flow or the gastric mucosal vascular response to ischemia and suggest that there is no physiologic basis for the long-term protective effect of vagotomy in preventing either rebleeding or the gastric mucosal ischemia that may lead to stress ulcers. These factors may explain the high failure rate associated with this procedure. PMID- 7281003 TI - Idiopathic acute pancreatitis: the value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. AB - Acute pancreatitis is classified as idiopathic when an underlying cause cannot be identified through a careful history and appropriate noninvasive tests. Unless a cause can be identified, recurrent attacks cannot be effectively prevented. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in 35 patients considered to have idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis, and an anatomic abnormality of either the pancreatic or biliary ductal system was demonstrated in 16. Ten underwent appropriate surgical procedures based on the results of ERCP, and 80% had no further episodes of acute pancreatitis. ERCP established the precise nature of potentially correctable anomalies and thereby facilitated precise preoperative planning. The wider use of ERCP in these patients may lessen the number of cases of acute pancreatitis considered to be idiopathic and lead to appropriate surgical therapy. PMID- 7281005 TI - Selective management of injured spleen. AB - During the past 6 years, 68 consecutive children suffering from splenic trauma have been treated according to a selective management plan. Twenty-two patients (32%) underwent splenectomy, parenchymal repair was performed on 16 occasions (24%), and nonoperative treatment was employed in 30 children (44%). Overall results have been good in all three groups. Two children (3%) died as a result of their injuries, and 10 complications were recorded. Both deaths and 7 of the 10 complications occurred in the patients undergoing splenectomy. By utilization of a basic management plan that favors nonoperative treatment over splenic repair and repair over splenectomy, splenic salvage has been successfully accomplished in 86% of the 49 patients treated since 1977. PMID- 7281004 TI - Management of transmediastinal gunshot wounds. AB - Gunshot wounds that transverse the mediastinum are major management problems for two primary reasons: (1) multiple injuries to vital structures are common and (2) the operative approach to control hemorrhage may not afford the optimum exposure to repair the various injuries encountered. We devised a management plan whereby patients in hemodynamically unstable condition underwent immediate operation and patients in stable condition underwent a rapid work-up to evaluate the organs at risk for injury including angiography, esophagoscopy, esophagography, bronchoscopy, and pericardial exploratory surgery while under local anesthesia. A total of 76 patients were treated. Thirty-three patients in unstable condition underwent immediate thoracotomy for hemorrhage or shock or median sternotomy for cardiac tamponade. Multiple organs were injured (average 2.7) and the mortality rate was high (12 of 33) because of the severity of the injuries. Twenty-seven of 43 patients in stable condition required operation after the systematic evaluation disclosed injuries to the great vessels (11), esophagus (9), trachea and bronchi (6), and heart (6). Three patients died of delayed complications (6.9%). The 16 patients who were in stable conditions and had no demonstrable injury were closely followed without operation with one complication and one death from an associated abdominal injury. A management plan for this difficult subset of patients with penetrating thoracic trauma is detailed. PMID- 7281006 TI - Preservation of splenic function by autotransplantation of traumatized spleen in man. AB - Splenectomy is known to increase the risk of overwhelming bacterial infection. Characteristically, there is a decrease in immunoglobulin IgM, properdin, and T lymphocytes; impaired primary antibody response to antigen challenge; an altered opsonic function; and a tuftsin deficiency. Because the spleen is important in host defense, preservation of traumatized splenic tissue has been advocated. Splenic autotransplantation has been suggested as a method of preserving function, and this concept is supported by experiments in animals. The present study describes autotransplantation of the traumatized spleen in human beings for the preservation of splenic function. Four patients operated on for blunt abdominal trauma required total splenectomy for hemostasis and were deemed suitable candidates for autotransplantation of the splenic tissue. In each, thinly sliced segments of spleen (roughly 20 gm.) were placed in a previously fashioned omental pouch. All patients survived without complications. Postoperative studies included blood and platelet counts, cell morphology, determination of serum immunoglobulin levels, and splenic scans. Four weeks postoperatively, Howell-Jolly bodies and target cells had disappeared from the red cells. Platelet counts returned to normal range. Initially low IgM and C3 complement levels increased to normal. Scans at 8 weeks confirmed the presence of functioning splenic tissue. Autotransplantation of the spleen is a safe method for preserving splenic function when total splenectomy is mandatory for hemostasis. PMID- 7281007 TI - The fate of unruptured intrahepatic hematomas. AB - In 4 year's experience, we admitted 283 patients suffering from severe blunt torso trauma. Sixty-five had serious hepatic injury. Of these, 49 (75.4%) had explosive hemorrhagic hepatic injuries and underwent surgery immediately. The remaining 16 (24.6%) had intrahepatic hematomas (IHHs); three were receiving anticoagulants. Fourteen IHHs were diagnosed by liver-spleen scan within 1 to 3 days after injury, one was diagnosed at autopsy and one during surgery. Nine (56.3%) were successfully treated nonoperatively. Six (37.5%) were initially treated nonoperatively, but required emergency surgery later because of life threatening complications. The onset of complications occurred from 1 to 28 days after injury. Indications for delayed operative intervention were hepatic abscess with sepsis (four patients) and expanding hematoma and blood loss (two patients). We conclude from this experience that: (1) Patients admitted with blunt torso trauma should undergo liver-spleen scan examinations; (2) IHHs should be treated initially nonoperatively; (3) the observation period for nonoperative management should be at least 28 days; (4) serious sequela of IHHS occur approximately 1 to 28 days after injury; (5) the combination of anticoagulation and IHH is highly lethal and must be treated aggressively; and (6) patient with progressive findings--worsening sepsis, increasing peritoneal findings, evidence of progressive blood loss, or expansion of IHHs--should be treated by urgent surgical intervention. PMID- 7281008 TI - Atheroembolism as cause of graft failure in femoral distal reconstruction. PMID- 7281009 TI - Pancreatoduodenal resection and total pnacreatectomy--an institutional review. AB - Between 1940 and 1978, 150 major pancreatic resections--92 pancreatoduodenal resections (PDRs) and 58 total pancreatectomies (TPs)--were performed for benign and malignant disease. The majority of resections were for pancreatic cancer (70 patients) and ampullary cancer (40 patients). The overall operative mortality rate for PDR was 14%; it was 26% for TP. After resection for adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas, the operative mortality rate was 28% for TP and 15% for PDR. The number of 5-year survivors after resection for cancer of the head of the pancreas was four (5.7%). Three survived after PDR and one after TP. Of the 42 adenocarcinomas resected by TP, one of the patients had multicentric cancer and two others had carcinoma in situ. TP appears to have no advantage over PDR for cancers of the head of the pancreas from a theoretical or practical standpoint. PMID- 7281010 TI - Mesenteric angiopathy, intestinal gangrene, and midgut carcinoids. AB - Twenty-six cases of carcinoid-related mesenteric angiopathy and intestinal infarction (three from our institution and 23 previously reported cases) were reviewed. Twenty patients presented with acute abdominal findings, including peritonitis (13 cases), intestinal obstruction (five cases), and bleeding per rectum (two cases). Fifteen patients (75%) experienced antecedent symptoms of abdominal pain and/or diarrhea, averaging 2.5 years in duration. Twelve patients (46%) exhibited symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. Mesenteric angiography in three cases demonstrated encasement and segmental branch narrowing or occlusion of major mesenteric vessels. Eleven patients underwent resection and primary bowel anastomosis with an early survival rate of 91%. Four additional patients who underwent lesser surgical procedures and five patients who did not undergo operation all died. Elastic vascular sclerosis (EVS) was identified in 19 of 22 cases with available histologic material (86%). These changes were observed in proximity to as well as distant to the primary tumor. In general, the severity of EVS did not correlate with the likelihood of gut ischemia. Although not the sole cause of intestinal gangrene in patients with midgut carcinoids, EVS may contribute significantly to the evolution of these ischemic changes. PMID- 7281011 TI - Management of carcinoma of anal canal. AB - The application of various treatment modalities in the management of carcinoma of the anal canal remains controversial. Forty-nine patients were reviewed from the affiliated hospitals of the Medical College of Wisconsin. Exclusions for postoperative deaths, associated vulvar carcinoma, and lack of follow-up left 35 patients for determinate study. The overall 5-year survival rate was 28.6% (10 of 35). When reviewed by stage of disease, a direct relationship between advanced stage and decreased survival (i.e., 60% five-year survival rate with stage I, 25% with stage II, and 14.3% with stage III) was noted. Further reclassification of stage III, nodal involvement, showed the same survival for perirectal nodal involvement as for synchronous inguinal node involvement. Seven of ten 5-year survivors received a combined surgery-radiotherapy approach. In addition, in those patients receiving tumoricidal radiation pre- or postoperatively, no local recurrence was demonstrated. A treatment protocol of abdominal perineal resection, with combined radiation therapy for locally advanced lesions, is proposed. PMID- 7281012 TI - Hyperparathyroid crisis. Successful treatment of ten comatose patients. AB - Hyperparathyroid crisis is a rare disease manifested by elevated serum calcium, weakness, nausea and vomiting, altered states of consciousness, and elevated circulating parathormone. This hypercalcemic state is noted for a frequently acute presentation and associated high mortality rate, approaching 60% in some series. Ten patients in parathyroid crisis were observed in a consecutive personal series of 325 cases of operatively proved hyperparthyroidism. All 10 patients were successfully treated. Each patient remained or lapsed into persistent coma despite extensive medical management and normalization of serum calcium in some instances. An emergency parathyroidectomy was performed in all cases. Reversal of the comatose state was noted in all patients within 24 hours, followed by gradual normalization of serum calcium. Serum calcium ranged from 15 to 19.6 mg/dl. The blood urea nitrogen level was elevated in six patients. A single adenoma was found in nine patients and multiglandular disease involving the neck and the mediastinum in one. All patients survived. The successful treatment of this disease demands prompt and accurate diagnosis coupled with vigorous medical therapy and emergency parathyroidectomy if the patient's status continues to deteriorate. PMID- 7281013 TI - Reevaluation of needle aspiration cytology in detection of thyroid cancer. AB - From July, 1978, to August, 1980, 379 patients with thyroid disease were assessed clinically and underwent scintiscanning and needle aspiration cytology. One hundred fifty-three patients were selected for operation, there were 138 solid lesions and 15 cystic lesions. Selection criteria included clinical factors as well as cytology results. There was a cancer rate of 33% and a neoplasia rate of 92%. In the solid lesions there was a 36% incidence of cancer, whereas the incidence was 27% in cystic lesions. There was a false positive rate of 1%. A false negative rate could be viewed in various ways. Twenty-four cancers were missed in benign cytology for an incidence of 25%; however if one excluded the cytologic abnormal group, as some authors do, labeling them as potential malignancies, false negative results occurred in the cytologic benign cases for a rate of 4% for the entire group. If noncystic benign lesions alone were considered, the false negative rate would be 1%. False negative reporting arises predominantly from the inability to differentiate follicular adenoma from adenocarcinoma in cytology. Other factors such as geographic miss cystic disease also play a role. If one is to avoid underdiagnosis and undertreatment of thyroid cancer, one should consider cellular aspirates as potentially malignant and subject to surgical excision. Needle aspiration cytology has an unassailable role in the management of the patient with thyroid disease but requires interpretation in the light of clinical and scintiscanning results. PMID- 7281014 TI - Subclavian-axillary artery aneurysms. AB - The records of all patients with aneurysm of the subclavian-axillary artery who were seen between January, 1960, and January, 1980, were reviewed. There were 31 patients (21 male and 10 female) with a mean age of 47 years. The aneurysm (mean size, 3.0 cm) was located on the right in 20 patients and on the left in 10; one patient had bilateral aneurysms. Mural thrombus was present in 25 patients. Eight patients were asymptomatic and 23 presented with upper extremity pain. Thromboembolism occurred in five patients, one presenting with impending loss of tissue. Two patients had the aneurysm rupture and one of them died. A pulsating mass was palpable in 20 patients, including the eight who were asymptomatic. Vocal cord paralysis occurred in two patients. The cause of the aneurysm was atherosclerosis in 12 patients, trauma in 10, poststenotic dilation secondary in thoracic outlet obstruction in 6, mycotic aneurysm in 2, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in one patient. Seven patients had nine aneurysms in other areas. Surgical treatment consisted of thoracic outlet decompression in 4 patients, graft interposition in 11, tangential aneurysmorrhaphy in 8, ligation in 4, and exploratory surgery only in one. One forearm amputation was subsequently performed. Three patients did not undergo surgery. Average length of follow-up was 9.2 years. Except for the patient who underwent amputation, all treated patients had adequate circulation in the extremities. No aneurysm recurred and no complication of the repair developed. We conclude that aneurysms of the subclavian-axillary artery, although rare, are both life- and limb-threatening. Resection and arterial reconstruction are recommended. PMID- 7281016 TI - Determination of parathyroid function after autotransplantation. PMID- 7281015 TI - Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis in children. AB - Our finding in 100 patients indicate that elective surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis in children has a low mortality rate in contrast to emergency surgery (2.3% versus 23%). Morbidity associated with these procedures is moderate and appears to be decreasing (13%), as shown by the comparison between the experience in the 1960s and that in the 1970s. Results with the newer surgical procedures have been encouraging; 60% of patients with Brooke ileostomy have been very satisfied as compared with 90% of patients with Kock pouch and of those with rectal mucosectomy with ileoanal anastomosis. Ileorectostomy was not a satisfactory procedure in this series. Additionally, after surgical treatment, the median height percentile increased from the thirty-ninth to fifty-seventh percentile. Finally, and important, 96% of the patients in this series reported that their general health at follow-up was good to excellent and that they had minimal limitation in their activities. PMID- 7281017 TI - Resection of metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver. PMID- 7281018 TI - Acute mechanical obstruction. PMID- 7281019 TI - [Clinical course and prognosis in various morphological forms of chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7281020 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the respiratory organs in workers with decreased external respiratory function, employed at an electromechanical plant]. PMID- 7281021 TI - [HLA antigens in chronic active liver diseases]. PMID- 7281022 TI - [Decreased activity of catechol methyltransferase in liver pathology and extrahepatic processes]. PMID- 7281023 TI - [Changes in the hepatic and peripheral circulation as indicators of severity of pancreatitis]. PMID- 7281024 TI - [Alport's syndrome]. PMID- 7281025 TI - [Clinical aspects of familial psittacosis]. PMID- 7281027 TI - [Clinical variants of acute interstitial nephritis]. PMID- 7281026 TI - [Use of hemosorption and hemodialysis in the treatment of chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7281029 TI - [Gerontological and geriatric problems of nephrology]. PMID- 7281028 TI - [DNA antibodies in glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7281030 TI - [Glucocorticoid therapy of nephritis and the problem of drug resistance]. PMID- 7281031 TI - [Pathogenetic basis of treatment of circulatory disorders in diffuse glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7281032 TI - [Effect of non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents--indomethacin and brufen--on water-salt metabolism]. PMID- 7281033 TI - [Role of hemodialysis, hemorrhage and treatment of renal failure in the development of anemia]. PMID- 7281034 TI - [Ambulatory hemodialysis]. PMID- 7281035 TI - [surgical correction of chronic renal failure in urinary tract tuberculosis]. PMID- 7281036 TI - [Sodium and water distribution in the body in hypertension]. PMID- 7281037 TI - [Spironolactones in the treatment of arterial hypertension of different etiologies associated with hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 7281038 TI - [Immunological reactivity in patients with various forms of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7281039 TI - [Lung function in the immigrant population of northeastern USSR]. PMID- 7281040 TI - [The problem of overpopulation in Asia]. PMID- 7281041 TI - [Calcium antagonists: use with discretion]. PMID- 7281042 TI - [The syncopal attack: definition and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7281043 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of orthostatic circulatory disorders as the origin of syncopal attacks]. PMID- 7281044 TI - [Effect of betapressin on respiratory measurements and stress ECG in patients with coronary disease]. PMID- 7281045 TI - [Even the enlightened diabetic has problems with his disease]. PMID- 7281046 TI - [Medicine in China]. PMID- 7281047 TI - [Geriatric care in a rural practice]. AB - Geriatric care in a rural practice. General practitioners/family physicians are responsible for the continuing care in case of illness and infirmity of about 95% of the population over 65 years old. In the examined practice area the percentage of the population over 65 years old is 11.29, but among the patients of the practice 18.5% are over 65 years old and the consultations come up to a percentage of 21.6. A random test by 100 patients over 65 years old during half a year has given the following facts: There have been 946 consultations, 299 of them as home visits. 18 patients needed 28 hospitalisations with a total of 481 days as in-patients. 6 patients died during the test period. On an average 4.44 diagnoses were needed and 7.63 medicaments prescribed. By 67 patients 85 heavy, acute troubles occurred. These facts show the importance of the geriatric aspects in the primary care. Since the percentage of the older patients is growing also with the growing age of the doctor, it is necessary that more attention must be given in the continuing education to the problems of geriatric care, of multimorbidity, of multimedication and of alternatives to medical therapy. PMID- 7281048 TI - [Psychotropic drugs in geriatrics]. AB - As people grow older, side effects due to the modification of pharmacokinetics are the main disadvantage in the use of psychotropic drugs in geriatrics. First, some general rules of prescription must be respected. One will indirectly influence sleep by modifying habits and, if medication becomes necessary, will give preference to chloral hydrate, then to the benzodiazepine byproducts, and, last, to some sedative neuroleptics. Anxiety should be treated mainly with benzodiazepines, taking great care as to the doses. Regarding depression, all the tricyclics and tetracyclics can be used, not forgetting the atropinic effects they have. In case of glaucoma, some substances are free from side effects. In spite of age, resort to lithium is possible with all cautions needed. Neuroleptics will get their best use in confused or delirious states: their main side effects are of extrapyramidal nature. PMID- 7281049 TI - [Sound surgical procedures for the aged]. AB - Surgery of the aged implies consideration of a variety of pathophysiological conditions, which do differ from those seen in patients of the younger generation. Assessment, preparation, indication, choice of surgical procedure, nursing and aftercare have to comply accordingly. The ruling points of view are discussed methodically and illustrated by examples. PMID- 7281050 TI - [Features and treatment of heart failure in old age]. AB - Heart failure is a syndrome with many causes and well known symptoms, which are mentioned in the introduction. In aged people coronary and hypertensive cardiopathy are the main causes of heart failure, and only rarely do senile changes of the heart play a role. A causal therapy cannot be performed in most cases since in old age several heart diseases and concommittant affections are combined. A well aimed treatment of the diseases that cause and promote heart failure is crucial for the further course. The symptomatic treatment combines general measures, pharmacotherapy with digitalis and diuretics. Special aspects of the administration of glycosides in old age are treated in detail, and the use of continuous therapy is discussed. Diuretics as well as digitalis should be adapted to the single case. For the time being the treatment with vasodilating drugs must be restricted to special clinical situations and selected cases. PMID- 7281051 TI - [Aim and functioning of the attending staff of geriatric hospitals]. AB - After having described the situation of the elderly in general and more specifically at the Geriatric Hospital which is a part of the Geriatric institutions of Geneva, the authors remind of the concept regarding the integrated medicine of Prof. J. -P. Junod, their head physician: "The contribution of psychiatry to the entire field of geriatry assumes an essential and irreplaceable character. This major contribution aims to convert it into a really integrated branch of medicine. "Integrated medicine consists in a therapeutic treatment applied by a multidisciplinary staff and aimed at the patient in general. Geriatry requires a global approach of the case taking in consideration the great many medical, psychological, family or social factors which enable to establish a prognosis as well as a therapeutic programme. This integrated medicine is also applied in cooperation with and for the benefit of the attending staff, who finds personal and professional reward within the combination of following three factors: education, therapy and research, which in turn institution, the geriatry as well as for the gerontology in general. PMID- 7281052 TI - [Rehabilitation in geriatrics]. AB - Geriatric rehabilitation is described according to the theory of Steinmann and is divided into three categories. Firstly, into the actual preventive rehabilitation of the outpatient with the aim of slowing down, possibly even stabilizing or retarding partly normal, partly pathological changes occurring as a function of the aging process. The old person who is not confined to an institution should thus be given an opportunity to lead an active life inspite of certain age related infirmities. Secondly, the general rehabilitation of the sick, comprising the treatment of age illnesses by means of medication and what could be described as "activating care or therapy". Thirdly, the specific rehabilitation which deals with these old age diseases through sophisticated and expensive team in a highly specialized clinic. The approach of the therapeutic team of a geriatric clinic ist described on the basis of the example of the treatment of hemiplegic patients. PMID- 7281053 TI - [Possibilities for rehabilitation in a county hospital]. AB - A county hospital with an infirmary surely offers the possibilities for rehabilitation as much as any other institution. Due to its manageable size, the county hospital can probably guarantee deeper personal care. The following possibilities are discussed: activating care, mental stimulation in a reality orientation program, dance and music therapy, plus the opening of the infirmary outwards, which remains a very important aspect. The rehabilitation in a county hospital can be guaranteed only by the complete cooperation between hospital internal and external medicine. An outpatient ward such as the day- and night clinic is also a useful institution. In the future, the employment of volunteers in and outside the hospital will be of greater importance. Already now, greater efforts should be made on behalf of continued training and greater social prestige for these volunteers. PMID- 7281054 TI - [The importance of social factors in the treatment of aged persons]. AB - At the end of life, human abilities decline and diseases become more and more resistant to therapy. But it remains possible to adapt the physical and social environment to the patient's residual capacities. Biological and social medicines are tightly linked. The former is predominant as long as the old patient is self sufficient; as soon as he becomes dependent, diseases concern more and more the social environment and the social services. During the last decade of human life, medical therapeutics give way to social therapeutics, which are the treatment of the physical and social environment for the patient's comfort. PMID- 7281055 TI - [Preclinical precautions in the therapeutic treatment of the aged]. AB - In the case of elderly subjects in the preclinical stage of an illness, medication is required in exceptional cases only. On the other hand, general therapeutic aspects should be considered as early as possible in connection with a chronic illness accompanying the ageing process. In the elderly, physiotherapy forms a by no means insubstantial part of treatment. Considerable evidence points to its value during the preclinical phase. When physiotherapy is indicated, it is, however, important to avoid any danger of the therapeutic measures exceeding the maximum stress which such an elderly patient is able to bear. The stress imposed on the patient should be set at an appropriately low level, so as to avoid serious complications wherever possible. The following activities have been found to be particularly prone to complications: a load of more than 80% of the maximum functional capacity in ergometric training; gymnastic exercises producing an average rise in pulse frequency to over 120/min.; swimming at relatively low water temperatures and balneotherapeutic treatment in a full-size bath. PMID- 7281056 TI - [The cause of death in cerebrovascular insults (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281057 TI - [Risk factors in apoplexy and their significance. Is there a prophylaxis for apoplexy?]. PMID- 7281058 TI - [Prevention of cerebrovascular attacks (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281059 TI - [The apoplectic in a regional hospital: diagnostic possibilities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281060 TI - [The apoplectic in a regional hospital: treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281061 TI - [Investigation and treatment of patients with cerebrovascular disorders in a specialized center]. PMID- 7281063 TI - [Indications for surgical intervention on extracranial vessels]. PMID- 7281062 TI - [Transient ischemic attacks and their treatment]. PMID- 7281064 TI - [Intracerebral hematoma: indications for surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281065 TI - [Surgical treatment of cerebral apoplexy. Summary for the family physician]. PMID- 7281067 TI - [Possibilities, limits and financing of the rehabilitation of apoplexy patients (including helping devices)]. PMID- 7281066 TI - [The admission of the hemiplegic patient into a nursing home (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281068 TI - [History and clinical examination of cerebrovascular disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281069 TI - [The cerebrovascular Doppler ultrasonic examination (CV-Doppler)]. PMID- 7281070 TI - [Computed tomography in ischemic cerebral lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281071 TI - [Measuring the regional cerebral debit]. PMID- 7281072 TI - [Regional cerebral metabolism in cerebrovascular ischemic accidents]. PMID- 7281073 TI - Effect and clinical evaluation of Desopimon (chlorphentermine). PMID- 7281075 TI - The importance of Magurlit in the prevention and dissolution of uric acid stones. PMID- 7281074 TI - Observations with a combined oral contraceptive (Rigevidon) containing minimum oestrogen dose. PMID- 7281076 TI - The indication field and therapeutic use of Canesten in paediatric gynaecology. PMID- 7281077 TI - The role of Reasec in the treatment of diarrhoeas of neurotic origin. PMID- 7281078 TI - Drug content of the mother's milk. PMID- 7281079 TI - Normal and abnormal function of the diaphragm. PMID- 7281080 TI - Contractile properties and fatigue of the diaphragm in man. AB - We studied the pressure developed by the diaphragm in response to stimulation of the phrenic nerve in the neck, in three normal men. When the phrenic was electrically stimulated at increasing frequencies the diaphragm responded by increasing transdiaphragmatic pressure to give a frequency-pressure curve similar to the frequency-force curve for other skeletal muscles. The subjects than breathed through an inspiratory resistance for as long as possible and the frequency-pressure curve was repeated. It was found that the diaphragm developed low frequency fatigue, in the same way as previously described for other muscles. We conclude that the diaphragm has contractile properties similar to these of other skeletal muscles. Low frequency fatigue of the diaphragm could contribute to respiratory failure in patients with lung disease. PMID- 7281081 TI - Limitations of measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure in detecting diaphragmatic weakness. AB - Intrathoracic (oesophageal), intra-abdominal (gastric), and transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) pressures were studied in 20 untrained, healthy subjects during a full inspiration and repeated maximal static inspiratory efforts. The pattern of pressure generation during these two types of respiratory manoeuvre was highly reproducible in each subject. By contrast, it varied over a wide range among individuals. In particular a substantial number of subjects naturally had a strong recruitment of their intercostal and accessory muscles and thus, low Pdi values, during both slowly performed and forceful inspiratory manoeuvres. These observations make it clear that Pdi values, as usually obtained, are commonly open to misinterpretation. For this approach to ensure a reliable assessment of diaphragmatic function and detect diaphragm weakness adequately, it appears essential either to monitor the abdominothoracic configuration or to standardise the pattern of respiratory muscle contraction. PMID- 7281082 TI - Intrabronchial metastases from renal carcinoma with recurrent tumour expectoration. AB - Three patients are described who presented to their doctors with a history of coughing up pieces of tissue. These took the form of large bronchial casts and consisted of intrabronchial deposits of clear cell carcinoma. In one patient the pulmonary symptoms preceded the finding of a primary renal carcinoma by four years. The other two patients had undergone nephrectomy for renal carcinoma 13 and four years previously. Expectoration of intrabronchial tumour should alert the physician to the possibility of metastasis from clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. PMID- 7281083 TI - Endobronchial metastasis from renal adenocarcinoma simulating a foreign body. AB - A patient was seen with right lower lobe collapse which partially re-expanded after removal of an endobronchial mass, initially thought to be a foreign body. The pathology revealed clear cell carcinoma identical with the primary removed from his kidney three years before. PMID- 7281084 TI - Atopy and wheeze in children according to parental atopy and family size. AB - The relationship between atopy and wheeze was examined in children, together with the possible influence on these conditions of parental atopy and family size. Children with a repeated history of wheezing were selected from an urban general practice population. The children, their first degree relatives, and a control group were examined for atopic status, atopy being defined as more than one positive immediate skin prick test response. The prevalence of wheeze in boys was 15.5%, in girls 7.6%, and of atopy in boys 19.7% and in girls 8.1%. Of 110 atopic children 70% had no atopic parent, 27% had one atopic parent, and in 3% both parents were atopic. The presence of parental atopy was associated with an increased prevalence of wheeze in boys but not in girls, 12.0% of boys having a history of wheezing if neither parent was atopic and 27.5% if either or both parents were atopic (p less than 0.05). The presence of parental atopy was associated with an increased prevalence of atopy in girls but not in boys, 6.1% of girls having atopy if neither parent was atopic and 18.9% if either or both parents were atopic (p less than 0.01). There was a strong association between atopy and wheeze for both sexes and no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of atopy or wheeze in children whether they were from two, three, or four child families. PMID- 7281085 TI - Comparison of radiotherapy alone and radiotherapy with chemotherapy using adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil in bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Eighty-two patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer were randomly allocated to receive either radiotherapy alone (2400-3200 rads, depending upon cell type) or the same dose of radiotherapy followed by four cycles of adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil. Eighty-one patients were evaluated and for the group as a whole survival was better in the undifferentiated group assigned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy but survival in the patients with squamous tumours was not significantly prolonged. The chemotherapy was not unduly toxic. PMID- 7281086 TI - Clotted false lumen: reappraisal of indications for medical management of acute aortic dissection. AB - Evidence of a clotted false lumen in patients with acute aortic dissection has been considered to be a primary indication for medical rather than surgical therapy. A review of recent publications shows that 14 of 15 such patients survived with medical management. We present three patients who had radiographic, surgical, or necropsy evidence of acute aortic dissection with a clotted false lumen, who suffered further dissection in spite of adequate medical therapy. Our experience indicates that this condition is not as stable as it has been considered in the past. Consequently, we believe that great caution should be exercised in the application of medical therapy and in the follow-up of patients who demonstrate evidence of a clotted false lumen in an acute aortic dissection. Surgical treatment is indicated at the earliest sign of clinical or radiographic deterioration during medical therapy. PMID- 7281087 TI - Late respiratory sequelae of blunt chest injury: a preliminary report. AB - Eighty-six survivors of blunt chest injury were assessed for pre- and post-injury respiratory symptoms using a standardised questionnaire. A comparison was made between observed and expected symptom prevalence and lung function. Respiratory symptom prevalence after injury was greater than expected, 23 survivors (27%) claiming a persistent productive cough, 18 (21%) persistent wheezing, and 22 (26%) grade 2 dyspnoea. After injury persistent productive cough (p less than 0.05) and occasional wheezing (p less than 0.01) were more common among smokers and ex-smokers when compared with non-smokers. Mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were not statistically different from expected values. We concluded that respiratory sequelae of blunt chest injury are common and that smokers and ex-smokers are at particular risk. PMID- 7281088 TI - Pulmonary involvement in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - The association of pulmonary fibrosis and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) remains controversial. To determine the frequency of pulmonary fibrosis in PBC, a carefully selected series of 14 PBC patients, seven patients with Sicca complex, and 14 control subjects have been studied. Seven of the 14 patients with PBC had Sjogren's syndrome, four of whom had some clinical evidence of pulmonary disease. Evaluation of ventilatory capacity, gas transfer factor, arterial blood gases, and lung mechanics were performed. Gas transfer was reduced in patients with PBC associated with Sjogen's syndrome and in patients with the Sicca complex. These results suggest that the respiratory, clinical, ad functional abnormalities found in PBC are related to the presence of an associated Sjogen's syndrome. PMID- 7281089 TI - Objective in vivo analysis of anti-smoking cigarette filters. AB - Cigarette filters have been introduced to reduce inhaled smoke and also as a means of breaking the smoking habit. Twelve volunteers smoked cigarettes through four ventilated anti-smoking filters (MD-4, Miles Laboratories) and one reference cigarette without an anti-smoking filter in a single-blind, crossover manner. The amount of smoke inhaled was monitored by a radiotracer technique using the isotope 81mkrypton. Compared to the reference cigarette the amount of isotope reaching the lung was reduced to 76%, 63%, 43%, and 37% for filters 1 to 4, respectively, which was less than the reduction to 70%, 40%, 30%, and 20% predicted by the manufacturers. In the case of filters 2, 3, and 4, the observed reductions in isotope inhalation were significant (p less than or equal to 0.01) but were also significantly less (p less than or equal to 0.01) than the manufacturers' predictions. PMID- 7281090 TI - Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries with tricuspid incompetence: successful treatment by xenograft valve replacement in a 15-month old child. PMID- 7281091 TI - Progressive generalized scleroderma: respiratory failure from primary chest wall involvement. PMID- 7281092 TI - Variation of peak expiratory flow rate. PMID- 7281093 TI - Asbestos and public health. PMID- 7281094 TI - H2 receptor blockade and bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine in asthma. AB - The role of histamine H1 and H2 receptors in the lung is not clear. H1 receptor blockade results in bronchodilatation and inhibition of histamine induced bronchoconstriction. H2 receptor blockade in vitro prevents the normal negative feedback of histamine on further mediator release in antigen challenge. Bronchospasm in guinea pigs given antigen challenge is enhanced by previous administration of metiamide or burimamide but not of cimetidine. These findings suggest the possible deleterious effect of H2 receptor antagonists in asthmatic subjects. The effects of H2 receptor blockade with cimetidine on bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine were studied in 10 asthmatic volunteers by whole body plethysmography. Cimetidine 800 mg and placebo were administered orally on two separate days, eight hours and two hours before study. No significant difference in baseline levels of airways obstruction was seen with the two agents. Inhalational challenge with increasing concentrations of histamine revealed no significant difference in bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine between cimetidine and placebo treatment days. H2 receptor blockade with cimetidine does not appear to affect ventilatory function or bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine in asthmatic subjects. It has been suggested that cimetidine may have H1 as well as H2 receptor blocking properties which prevent this effect. PMID- 7281095 TI - Comparison between irrigation and conventional treatment for empyema and pneumonectomy space infection. AB - A new method of treating pleural empyema or pneumonectomy space infection by irrigation was evaluated in 11 patients. The infected cavities were filled with an antibiotic or antiseptic solution for three hours, and allowed to drain for one hour. This cycle was repeated every four hours for seven to 10 days. When cultures of the infected cavity became sterile the irrigation tube was removed and the wound sealed. Using this method, infection was eradicated after an average of 11 days in five of six patients with pleural empyema and in all five patients treated for an infected pneumonectomy space, including one with a bronchopleural fistula. The results of treating 58 similar cases of intrapleural sepsis over a 10-year period by the standard methods of aspiration, open drainage, decortication, or thoracoplasty were compared with the results of irrigation. In general, cyclical irrigation resulted in a shorter hospital stay and a shorter period of wound drainage than other methods. PMID- 7281096 TI - Management of pleural sepsis in Nigerian children. AB - Pleural sepsis in children is common in most developing countries. It may present as total pyothorax, pyopneumothorax, or localised thoracic empyema. In most cases, it follows an attack of bronchopneumonia, but other debilitating conditions such as measles, malnutrition, and sickle cell anaemia form part of the clinical syndrome. In a review of 60 cases of pleural sepsis in children aged between 1.5 months and 16 years, there were 40 cases of pyothorax, 15 of pyopneumothorax, and five of localised empyema. Treatment with chemotherapy only was given in 22 cases of whom eight died. Twenty-three patients had chemotherapy and tube drainage of the pleural contents; five died. Fifteen children had excision of the pleural disease, and decortication of the lung; none died. In view of the chronicity of the pleural sepsis by the time the child is seen in the hospital, and also the low mortality and shorter period in hospital, thoracotomy and decortication is recommended as the treatment of choice. PMID- 7281098 TI - Lobar pressure-volume characteristics of excised human lungs. AB - The pressure-volume (P-V) characteristics were investigated in 14 excised left human lungs and their individual lobes. Comparison of the upper and lower lobar P V curves of the emphysema-free and emphysematous lungs showed no significant difference when plotted as per cent lobar volume at a transpulmonary pressure (PL) of 30 cm H2O (V30). However, when in the emphysematous lungs the more severely involved lobes were compared with the less severely involved lobes, significant differences in the PL 60-90% V30 were found, the more severely involved lungs exhibited a higher PL. The mean linear intercepts were identical in the upper and lower lobes of the emphysema-free lungs indicating equal distension and validating expression of the P-V data as per cent V30. However, in he emphysematous lungs, in which the upper lobes were more severely involved, the linear intercepts tended to be larger in the upper lobes and the ratio of upper to lower lobe V30 tended to be larger than in the emphysema-free lungs. Thus, in the emphysematous lungs, comparison of the lobar P-V curves expressed as per cent V30 may not be valid. PMID- 7281097 TI - Pulmonary function abnormalities in Sjogren's syndrome and the sicca complex. AB - The frequency of pulmonary involvement in a group of 20 patients with Sjogren's syndrome or the sicca complex was evaluated with pulmonary function studies. In 12 patients pulmonary functional abnormalities were demonstrated. The most common abnormality was airway obstruction. Nine out of 13 patients with the limited variant of the disease (sicca complex) and three out of seven patients with the complete syndrome had abnormal pulmonary function. PMID- 7281099 TI - Association of HLA B8 with spontaneous resolution in sarcoidosis. AB - HLA may influence the natural history of some diseases. HLA frequencies have been compared in 164 healthy control subjects, 50 patients with sarcoid lung fibrosis, and 37 patients with sarcoidosis that resolved spontaneously. B8 was increased significantly in the resolved group compared to both healthy control subjects (p less than 0.001) and the fibrotic group (p less than 0.01). The results support the findings of other investigators, and are consistent with the hypothesis that inherited host factors, perhaps related to immune response, influence the clinical expression of sarcoidosis. PMID- 7281100 TI - Time and place for sputum cytology in the diagnosis of lung cancer. AB - Despite ready access to medical care 91% of patients dying of lung cancer derived from a population of just under 400 000 are shown to have presented too late for other than palliative treatment. As the incidence and death rates from lung cancer in the district were very similar, few survivors can be expected. Morphological confirmation of the diagnosis was available in 96% of cases. The first positive morphological diagnosis was obtained from sputum cytology taken on admission in 69% of all cases and in 77% of those in whom there had been delay in diagnosis. More extensive use of this investigation on an outpatient basis is urged. PMID- 7281101 TI - Studies in man and experimental animals of a low molecular weight heparin fraction. AB - In vitro and in vivo studies were carried out on a commercially prepared low molecular weight heparin fraction. By APTT assay the fraction had a specific activity of half that of unfractionated mucosal heparin, yet retained full potency by anti-Xa assay (both clotting and chromogenic substrate). When administered intravenously to human volunteers, the anti-Xa/APTT ratio remained the same as it was in vitro. However, after subcutaneous injection, the ratio increased and anti-Xa activity could not be fully neutralized ex vivo by PF4. The fraction was as effective as unfractionated heparin in preventing experimental serum-induced thrombosis, suggesting that a heparin fraction with high specific activity by anti-Factor Xa assay compared to APTT activity may be an effective drug for the prophylaxis of venous thrombosis. PMID- 7281102 TI - The inhibitor of prothrombin conversion in plasma of patients on oral anticoagulant treatment. AB - Pooled plasma of patients under stable oral anticoagulation has been analysed with respect to the presence of the vitamin-K dependent factors (factors II, VII, IX and X). Of all factors 1.5-2 times more antigen than procoagulant activity was present. The concentration of factors II, X (measured spectrophotometrically) and VI is about 0.25 U/ml while factor IX is slightly higher. Coagulation assays of factor X always gave lower values than the spectrophotometric assay. This discrepancy was not influenced by the removal of either factor II-, factor VII- or factor IX antigen. However, when the factor X antigen was replaced by normal factor X, all factor X assay gave identical results, indicating that PIVKA X is responsible for these discrepancies. Using the technic of the Thrombotest dilution curve it was shown that PIVKA X is the factor that causes the abnormal prolongation of ox-brain prothrombin time in these plasmas. PMID- 7281103 TI - First component of complement and thrombosis. AB - The previous demonstration of an association between the collagen-like region of C1q (subcomponent of the first component of complement) and human platelets and of the inhibitory properties of C1q on platelet adhesion and aggregation to or by collagen has led us to consider the first component of complement as a possible modulator of the platelet-collagen interaction. Since collagen represents a major component of the vessel wall, the modification of C1 could play a role in the development of thrombosis. We have therefore studied two patients with abnormalities of complement (low or undetectable C1, C4, C2 and deficiency in C1 inhibitor) who presented with acquired angioneurotic oedema. Both patients had a history of multiple episodes of arterial and/or venous thrombosis. Platelet associated C1q was decreased or undetectable, and this condition was associated with a specific increase of collagen induced aggregation thereby suggesting a possible mechanism for the recurrent thromboembolic episodes. PMID- 7281104 TI - Blood fibrinolytic system in rana tigrina. AB - Fibrinolytic activity as well demonstrable in the blood of Rana tigrina. There occurs prompt lysis of diluted plasma; and the plasma euglobulin fraction shows lysis on both unheated and heated fibrin (human or bovine) plates, implying the presence of plasmin-like enzyme in this fraction. The fibrinolytic activity is remarkably inhibited by the erythrocyte-lysate and is moderately enhanced by leucocytes-thrombocytes. EACA suppresses the lysis of dilute cell-free plasma clots at concentrations of 10(-4) M or more, possibly indicating the presence of plasminogen activator in the plasma. Activation of fibrinolysis by human urokinase and not by streptokinase, shows the probable presence of plasminogen and absence of proactivator. PMID- 7281105 TI - The effect of phospholipase inhibitor mepacrine on platelet aggregation, the platelet release reaction and fibrinogen binding to the platelet surface. AB - We have examined whether inhibition by mepacrine or freeing of arachidonic acid from platelet phospholipids inhibits platelet aggregation to collagen, thrombin or ADP, and the release reaction induced by thrombin or collagen. Loss of arachidonic acid was monitored by measuring the amount of 14C feed from platelets prelabelled with 14C-arachidonic acid. Mepacrine inhibited 14C loss by more than 80% but did not inhibit thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and had a small effect on release. ADP-induced platelet aggregation did not cause 14C loss. Mepacrine inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation by inhibiting the association of fibrinogen with platelets during aggregation. The effect of mepacrine on fibrinogen binding could be considerably decreased by washing the platelets but the inhibition of 14C loss persisted. Platelets pretreated with mepacrine and then washed show restoration of aggregation to collagen. Thus, mepacrine has two effects; 1. it inhibits phospholipases, 2. it inhibits fibrinogen binding. Freeing of arachidonic acid is not necessary for platelet aggregation or the release reaction. PMID- 7281106 TI - Modulation of platelet aggregation by native DNA - initial description of platelet receptor type, number and discrimination for native DNA. AB - Native DNA (dsDNA) induces the aggregation of isolated human platelets. Using isotopically labeled dsDNA (125I-dsDNA) and Scatchard analysis, a single class of platelet receptor was detected with a KD = 190 pM and numbering approximately 275/platelet. This receptor was discriminatory in that heat denatured dsDNA, poly A, poly C, poly C x I and poly C x poly I failed to substantially inhibit either the platelet binding of, or platelet aggregation induced by, dsDNA; by themselves, these polynucleotides were ineffective as platelet agonists. However, poly G, poly I and poly G x I effectively and competitively inhibited platelet binding of the radioligand, independently activated the platelet and when used at a sub-activating concentration decreased the extent of dsDNA stimulated platelet aggregation. These data depict a receptor on human platelets for dsDNA and perhaps certain additional polynucleotides and relate receptor-ligand interactions to a physiologic platelet function. PMID- 7281107 TI - Measurement of fibrinopeptide A in patients treated with phenprocoumon. AB - Fibrinopeptide A (FPA), which is considered to be a quantitative indicator for the thrombin activity in vivo, was measured in 136 patients treated with phenprocoumon in order to obtain information on the effectiveness of the inhibition of the coagulation system. The results show a decrease of the FPA concentration in relation to the efficacy of the anticoagulant therapy as measured by the thrombotest coagulation method (p less than 0.01). However, elevated FPA was observed even under an effective oral anticoagulation. These data indicate that an increased thrombin activity cannot be completely prevented by oral anticoagulants in every patient. Combined measurement of FPA and the thrombotest coagulation methods might be used to detect patients with an elevated risk of recurrent thromboembolism despite treatment with phenprocoumon. PMID- 7281109 TI - Platelet adhesiveness in juvenile onset and maturity onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7281108 TI - Salicylate-aspirin interaction and thrombosis prevention trials. PMID- 7281110 TI - Reduction in single platelets during primary and secondary aggregation. PMID- 7281111 TI - [Idiopathic haemochromatosis. A family study for detecting preclinical cases]. PMID- 7281112 TI - [Wound treatment]. PMID- 7281114 TI - [Students' and teachers' opinion of pass-fail as a grading system at Tromso Medical School]. PMID- 7281113 TI - [Health services for the elderly in Ostfold County]. PMID- 7281115 TI - [Jejuno-ileal bypass in obesity]. PMID- 7281117 TI - [Bilateral pseudotumour of the renal pelvis]. PMID- 7281116 TI - [Reconstruction of the deep femoral artery]. PMID- 7281118 TI - [Computed tomography in splenic rupture]. PMID- 7281119 TI - [Chlamydia and acute salpingitis]. PMID- 7281120 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in a neonate]. PMID- 7281121 TI - [Trace elements in "health food" and in hospital diets]. PMID- 7281122 TI - [Programmed atrial-synchronous ventricular-inhibited pacemaker (VDT/I)]. PMID- 7281123 TI - [Fibrosing alveolitis]. PMID- 7281124 TI - [Talcosis--an unrecognized pneumoconiosis? A mineralogical study of talc dust in pulmonary tissue as a diagnostic tool, illustrated by a case]. PMID- 7281125 TI - [Polyneuropathy and gastric cancer. A patient with a good prognosis]. PMID- 7281126 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in mononucleosis]. PMID- 7281127 TI - [Health education in a local community. An experiment]. PMID- 7281129 TI - [A surgical department during the summer holiday]. PMID- 7281128 TI - [Photoplethysmography. A simple non-invasive method in the diagnosis of arterial and venous insufficiency]. PMID- 7281130 TI - [Non-cardiac thoracic surgery in Norway]. PMID- 7281131 TI - [Nasal polyps as a side-effect in the use of beta blockaders]. PMID- 7281132 TI - [How are the beds used in a surgical department?]. PMID- 7281133 TI - [Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder demonstrated by modern radiological procedures]. PMID- 7281134 TI - [Computed tomography of expansive lesions in the superior mediastinum]. PMID- 7281135 TI - [Intestinal infarction and digitalis poisoning]. PMID- 7281136 TI - [Mesothelioma--an occupational disease?]. PMID- 7281137 TI - [Routines for the running of a human milk bank]. PMID- 7281138 TI - [Anaerobic infections--how important are these in general practice?]. PMID- 7281139 TI - [Splenic artery ligation for spleen injuries]. PMID- 7281140 TI - [The use of drugs in Norwegian prisons]. PMID- 7281141 TI - [Serum ferritin as an indicator of iron deficiency. An examination of patients in a medical department]. PMID- 7281142 TI - [Is serum ferritin of any use in the diagnosis of iron deficiency?]. PMID- 7281143 TI - [Variations in census and admission in a surgical department]. PMID- 7281144 TI - [Endemic goiter no longer exists in the community of Modum]. PMID- 7281145 TI - [Chondrogenic bone tumors]. PMID- 7281146 TI - [Artificial implantable sphincter in urinary incontinence]. PMID- 7281148 TI - [Painful ophthalmoplegia: the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome]. PMID- 7281147 TI - [Appendicitis complicating pregnancy]. PMID- 7281150 TI - [Health institutions as the century closes. Perspectives on capital sources and financing problems]. PMID- 7281149 TI - [Inflammation and non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 7281151 TI - [Intestinal flora of mice (author's transl)]. AB - The literature on the build-up of the intestinal flora of mice in the course of time is reviewed. The intestine of the germ-free animal is colonized by large numbers of bacteria as rapidly as within a few days after birth. The ingestion of solid food and weaning are found to be times at which new species appear and others diminish. In addition, the relationship between microflora and host is discussed. Three types of relationship are described. The morphological forms present at various sites in the intestine are illustrated on the basis of personal scanning electron-microscopy. Finally, the effects of the presence of the intestinal flora on the host are briefly discussed. PMID- 7281152 TI - [Prophylactic use of antibiotics in surgery]. PMID- 7281153 TI - [Multi-year projection 1982-1986. Projection Development Coordinating Committee on Bacteriological and Mycological Research]. PMID- 7281154 TI - [Activity of repeated administration of enilconazole (R 23 979) against Trichophyton verrucosum in cattle. A clinical trial (author's transl)]. AB - 234 Animals from twenty-eight different herds showed typical dermatophytic lesions which, after direct examination and culture, were found to be caused by T. verrucosum. The animals were subdivided into two groups of 165 (A) and sixty nine (B) animals. These were treated with enilconazole (R 23 979) base, 10 per cent E.C., diluted in 50 parts of water to produce a 2,000 ppm spray. The dose administered varied from 0.5 litre in calves to 1 litre in adult cattle. Group A was treated four times with a spray at weekly intervals. Initially, group B was treated manually with a sponge as well as with the 2,000 ppm spray, then three times only with the spray. Treatment in group B was carried out at 3-4 day intervals and the total period of treatment was two weeks. A stereotype positive evolution of the lesions was observed in the majority of cases, resulting in stabilization of the lesions, improvement and, finally, the start of new hair growth. Two weeks after completion of treatment, recovery rates of 92 and 87 per cent were recorded in groups A and B respectively. Within five weeks, recovery rates were 93 and 88 per cent. PMID- 7281155 TI - [Lesions in slaughtered animals. III. Multiple abscesses in pigs (author's transl)]. AB - Bacteriological examinations in accordance with the Meat Inspection Regulations were made in pigs with multiple abscesses. The findings by six meat inspection services were collected. A total number of 2,380 pigs with multiple abscesses underwent bacteriological examination which was positive for bacteria in 778 cases (32.7 per cent). Bacteriological examination of pigs with multiple abscesses is recommended prior to pronouncing any verdict other than condemnation, particularly when conditional permission to slaughter has been granted. PMID- 7281156 TI - [Multi-year projection 1982-1986. Projection Development Coordinating Committee on Pharmacology and Toxicology]. PMID- 7281157 TI - [Cancer in domestic animals. II. Epidemiology (author's transl)]. AB - The epidemiology of tumours in domestic animals and its significance in veterinary. Human and comparative oncology as well as studies along more basically analytical lines are reviewed. The epidemiology of tumours in domestic animals is the economic importance, among others in view of the detection and control of virus-associated disease. The zoonotic significance to man of a number of forms of leukaemia in animals is still hard to estimate. Their role as signals would appear to be of importance in particular areas (China, Scotland). Epidemiological studies gave the impetus to important virological and genetic investigations. The requirements to be met by veterinary and comparative epidemiology of cancer are discussed. PMID- 7281158 TI - [Bacteria and their antibiograms (author's transl)]. AB - The antibiograms of the most important pathogenic bacteria isolated from pigs and cattle in the laboratory of the Animal Health Service of the province of Gelderland during the period from 1974 up to and including 1979 are reviewed. The findings are compared with those during a previous period. Adverse developments were not found to be present as regards P. multocida, B. bronchiseptica, H. parahaemolyticus, streptococci and S. typhimurium in pigs. Only pathogenic E. coli as the causative organism of oedema disease (colibacillary) enterotoxaemia) showed reduced sensitivity to co-trimoxazole; an increase in sensitivity to streptomycin, tetracycline and neomycin was observed. The pattern of pathogenic E. coli in breeding calves showed a variable, through on the whole not so favourable picture. There was a negative development as regards S. dublin in veal calves in view of the fact that sensitivity, particularly that to chloramphenicol and tetracycline, but also that to furazolidone and co-trimazole, had diminished. In the case of S. typhimurium, there was a relationship between the sensitivity pattern and a number of phage types. Ever since 1977, P. haemolytica has shown a diminishing and partly variable sensitivity to penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and sulphonamide. This was the case to a far less extent with P. multocida. PMID- 7281159 TI - [Clinical and pathological features of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (= H. parahaemolyticus or HPP) infection in fattening pigs showed a marked increase in the Netherlands during the past five years. The clinical picture on pig-breeding farms has been known for an even longer period. A peracute, acute and subacute chronic form, i.e. stages marked by exudation, proliferation and desquamation, and sequestration respectively can be differentiated. Clinical features of the (sub)acute stage of HPP infection consist in severe dyspnoea, high temperature and bloody foam from the nose and/or at the mouth. When the infection runs a chronic course, the clinical symptoms are less specific. The bacteriological diagnosis, treatment and prevention are discussed, attention also being paid to the possibility of vaccination. PMID- 7281160 TI - [Airbed for surgery on horses]. PMID- 7281161 TI - [Multi-year projection 1981-1986. Projection Development Coordinating Committee on Immunological Research]. PMID- 7281163 TI - [Contribution to the determination of four antimalarial molecules (chloroquine, quinine, pyrimethamine, sulfadoxime) mixed in biological fluids. I. Spectrophotometry UV (author's transl)]. AB - Antimalarial therapy is directed more and more towards the use of associated substances: Pyrimethamine, sulfadoxime, quinine et chloroquine. The authors propose a method of direct determination of these four molecules mixed in biological fluids. The recommended extraction process followed by a spectrophotometric UV determination is fast, reproductible and sufficiently sensitive to study the evolution of a therapy. PMID- 7281164 TI - Cytotoxic and cytostatic effect of T2-toxin on epithelial cell lines derived from rat liver. AB - Cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of T2-toxin (Fusarium mycotoxin) on cells in culture derived from rat hepatomas and rat livers were investigated. Results showed that these effects appeared to be dependent on both drug concentration and duration of drug exposure. Non-transformed, as well as spontaneous neoplastic transformed liver cells and hepatoma cells were sensitive to its effect. T2-toxin had no selective action on cancer cells; however, a progression appeared in sensitivity to the toxic effect as a function of the degree of tumorigenicity of the cell line. This progression dis not exist for the cytostatic effect, which remained only in relation to the degree of proliferation of the cells in culture. PMID- 7281162 TI - [The role of the practicing veterinarian in poultry farming]. PMID- 7281165 TI - [Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase as index of renal toxicity (author's transl)]. AB - Urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) has been studied in rats submitted to potentially nephrotoxic drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, gentamicin). Both drugs induced increase in NAG excretion which was reversible and dose-dependent. The date presented in this paper suggest that urinary NAG determination may have value as screening device for the study of nephrotoxic effects in experimental toxicology. PMID- 7281166 TI - [Polychlorocamphane (P.C.C.) effects on the microsomal enzyme activities and fat content of rat liver (author's transl)]. AB - The rat liver mixed function oxydases are induced by polychlorocamphane incorporated in the food at a dose level of 250 ppm for 30 days. The fat content of liver is enhanced by the treatment, specially that of microsomal phospholipids and whole liver esterified cholesterol and triglycerides. Microsomal acylcoenzymeA-cholesterol-acytransferase activity, expressed in nM/g of liver weight, which catalyses the esterification of free cholesterol, is increased significantly by P.C.C. treatment. The accumulation of triglycerides is inconsistent with an enhanced lipolysis of adipose tissue since the plasma levels of free fatty acids are the same for control and treated rats. These results confirmed the eventual correlation between induction and hepatic steatosis suggested by some authors. PMID- 7281167 TI - Dealkylation and distribution of tin compounds. PMID- 7281168 TI - Teratological evaluation of inhaled ethyl acrylate in rats. PMID- 7281169 TI - Production of volatile hydrocarbons by isolated hepatocytes: an in vitro model for lipid peroxidation studies. PMID- 7281170 TI - Observations on 2'-chloro-2,4-dinitro-5',6-di(trifluoromethyl)-diphenylamine induced edema in the white matter of the central nervous system of the rat. PMID- 7281171 TI - Thiamphenicol during the first trimester of human pregnancy: placental transfer in vivo, placental uptake in vitro, and inhibition of mitochondrial function. PMID- 7281172 TI - Potassium loss as a causative factor for skeletal malformations in rats produced by indacrinone: a new investigational loop diuretic. PMID- 7281173 TI - Genotoxicity of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the presence of amphiphilic membrane active compounds. PMID- 7281175 TI - Effect of halogenated benzenes on the toxicity and metabolism of malathion, malaoxon, parathion, and paraoxon in mice. PMID- 7281174 TI - The effect of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on hepatic and renal deiodination of L thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. PMID- 7281176 TI - Maternal lead exposure inhibits intestinal calcium absorption in rat pups. PMID- 7281177 TI - The influence of fasting on the susceptibility of mice to hepatotoxic injury. PMID- 7281178 TI - Chronic postweaning lead exposure and response duration performance. PMID- 7281179 TI - Dose-related effects of a single dose of ethanol on the metabolism in rat liver of some aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. PMID- 7281180 TI - Effects of ammonium and nitrate salts on lon transport across the excised canine trachea. PMID- 7281181 TI - T-2 toxicosis and blood coagulation in young chickens. PMID- 7281182 TI - Metabolism, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7281183 TI - Hydrolysis of permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, by rainbow trout and mouse tissues in vitro: a comparative study. PMID- 7281184 TI - Altered pattern of prenatal toxicity in rats due to different treatment schedules with mirex. PMID- 7281185 TI - Effects of N-acetylcysteine on metabolism, covalent binding, and toxicity of acetaminophen in isolated mouse hepatocytes. PMID- 7281186 TI - Studies on the effects of L-ascorbic acid on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. 1. Inhibition of the covalent binding of acetaminophen metabolites to hepatic microsomes in vitro. PMID- 7281187 TI - Experimental cobalt cardiomyopathy in the dog: a model for cardiomyopathy in dogs and man. PMID- 7281188 TI - In vitro stimulation by paraquat of reactive oxygen-mediated lipid peroxidation in rat lung microsomes. PMID- 7281189 TI - Differentiation of the mechanisms of oncogenicity of 1,4-dioxane and 1,3 hexachlorobutadiene in the rat. PMID- 7281190 TI - Early damage indicators in the lung. V. Biochemical and cytological response to NO2 inhalation. PMID- 7281191 TI - Factors influencing the phagocytosis, neoplastic transformation, and cytotoxicity of particulate nickel compounds in tissue culture systems. PMID- 7281192 TI - Aberrant methylation of liver DNA in rats during hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7281193 TI - The detection of in vivo hematotoxicity of benzene by in vitro liquid bone marrow cultures. PMID- 7281194 TI - Protection against toxicity in rats with mephenesin. PMID- 7281195 TI - Modification of lung tumor development in A/J mice. AB - Strain A mice were injected with urethan, 3-methylcholanthrene or dimethylnitrosamine and given repeated injections of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). This treatment significantly increased multiplicity of lung tumors induced by all 3 carcinogens. Two other antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) did not enhance tumor formation, nor did methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), an agent capable of producing cell proliferation in lung. Lungs were more susceptible to the carcinogenic action of urethan 2 weeks following BHT-induced injury, but not during the phase of acute cell proliferation in lung. It is concluded that the effects of BHT on lung tumor development in mice are not related to its properties as an antioxidant or to its capability to produce extensive cell proliferation in lung. PMID- 7281196 TI - Determinants of the toxicity of L-alanosine to various organs of the mouse. AB - Toxicologic and biochemical properties of the antitumor antibiotic, alanosine [L 2-amino-3-(N-hydroxy,N-nitrosamino)propionic acid], were studied in mice. The LD50 of L-alanosine (given intraperitoneally) was approximately 2 g/kg; L 5178Y/AR tumor, small intestine, liver, and lung were the tissues more consistently or severely damaged by the drug. L-5178Y/AR tumor, small intestine, liver, and lung, which were more susceptible to damage by L-alanosine, showed high concentrations of the putative active antimetabolite of L-alanosine, "L alanosyl-AICOR", and either high concentrations of SAICAR synthetase, which forms this conjugate or low specific activities of adenylosuccinate lyase, the enzyme believed to decompose it. In addition, a low specific activity of the enzyme, adenylosuccinate synthetase, appeared to predispose an organ to the toxicity of alanosine. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that "L-alanosyl-AICOR" is the molecule responsible both for the therapeutic and toxicologic effects of L alanosine and suggest that it is the dynamic interplay of the synthesizing enzyme, the catabolizing enzyme, and the target enzyme which determines whether this anabolite accumulates to a concentration capable of inflicting cellular damage. PMID- 7281197 TI - Continual monitoring of the reactivation effect of oximes on blood acetylcholinesterase in the rats poisoned with organophosphates. AB - Acetylcholinesterase activity in rat blood was continuously monitored following O ethyl-S-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-methylphosphonothioate intoxication (p.o.) alone and in combination with atropine and the reactivators trimedoxime, obidoxime and methoxime. Decrease of acetylcholinesterase activity was not influenced by atropine alone but following treatment with a combination of atropine with the reactivators mentioned, an increase (reactivation) of the blood enzyme was demonstrated. This increase was highest for the combination atropine-trimedoxime and the lowest for the combination atropine-obidoxime. PMID- 7281198 TI - The influence of malnutrition on the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin (TCDD) in rats. AB - A single oral dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (20 or 40 microgram/kg body wt) administered to rats resulted in reduced body weight gain, water intake, degenerative changes in the liver and involution of the thymus. Although a restricted diet alone caused thymic involutions it was shown that TCDD at 10 or 20 microgram/kg body wt accentuated this atrophy. Microscopically, a marked atrophy of the thymus and swelling and necrosis of the liver were found in the malnourished animals. The effects of TCDD were also tested in rats fed either 3.5%, 26% or 55% protein. There was no clear relation between the protein level and the influence of TCDD on the thymus. However, the effect of TCDD on body weight and the liver was more severe in rats given low protein diet. These effects were not reversed by high protein diet. Since it is unlikely that the influence of TCDD on the thymus is related to malnutrition, other mechanisms, such as depletion of energy reserves, a direct effect of TCDD on the thymus or a mediation by the hepatotoxic action may be involved. PMID- 7281199 TI - Trichloroethylene: effects on body and organ weights in mice, rats and gerbils. AB - The influence of continuous inhalation of 150 ppm trichloroethylene (TCE) on body, liver, spleen, and kidney weights in rats, mice, and mongolian gerbils was tested. An age dependent decrease in body weight gain was observed in female rats exposed to TCE. All 3 species showed liver enlargement caused by the exposure. The effect was much more pronounced in mice, in which the increase was 60--80%, than in rats and gerbils where it was only 20--30%. After the end of the TCE exposure the liver weights of the mice decreased rapidly. After 5 days of rehabilitation the weight was only 10--20% higher than that of the controls. This difference persisted for at least 25 days. The spleen weight appeared unaffected or somewhat smaller in TCE-exposed animals of all species. An increased kidney weight (15%) was observe din TCE-exposed gerbils. This effect was less pronounced in mice and rats. Effects on the liver have earlier been seen only after exposure to concentrations much higher than that used in the present study. This difference in results is proposed to be due to the different schedules used for the exposure. PMID- 7281200 TI - Dose response relationships during perinatal lead administration in the rat: a model for the study of lead effects on brain development. AB - Pregnant rats were dosed with 300, 600, 1000, 2000, 3000 or 4000 ppm inorganic lead through their drinking water during pregnancy and during lactation until 21 days post partum. An effect on live litter size was noted at the higher doses as was an increased tendency for sperm positive females to fail to produce a litter. Dose related responses were seen in the offspring for brain weight, body weight, body length and blood lead at birth and at age 21 days. In neonates from the dose groups above 1000 ppm Pb these 3 indices of growth indicated that there was an effect of lead on nutrition. The 300 ppm, 600 ppm and 1000 ppm dose groups showed no significant dose related effects for body length or brain weight and only slight effects on body weight. These low dose groups gave average blood lead values of 39.8 micrograms/100 ml blood, 54.6 micrograms/100 ml blood and 85.4 micrograms/100 ml blood respectively in the 21-day old neonates. These values correspond to blood lead values in children with so called "subclinical lead poisoning" and we suggest the use of this regime as a model to investigate effects of lead on development of the nervous system. PMID- 7281201 TI - Effects of xanthines and colchicine on the longevity, photoconductive properties and yellow pigment structure of the Oriental hornet Vespa orientalis L. PMID- 7281202 TI - Perinatal toxicity of endrin in rodents. II. Fetotoxic effects of prenatal exposure in rats and mice. AB - The fetotoxic potential of endrin in the CD rat and CD-1 mouse was investigated. Endrin was administered as a solution in corn oil to groups of pregnant animals by gastric intubation at multiple dose levels throughout the period of organogenesis. The dams were sacrificed prior to term and the fetuses were examined for skeletal and visceral anomalies. In addition, maternal livers and fetuses from rats in each dose level were analyzed for endrin content. In the mouse, endrin caused maternal liver enlargement at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day and reduced maternal weight gain at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day. Fetal weight and skeletal and visceral maturity were adversely affected at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day, but no teratogenic effect or embryo lethality was evident even at a dose level that produced maternal lethality (1.5 mg/kg/day). In the rat, endrin markedly reduced maternal weight at doses above 0.150 mg/kg/day but produced no apparent effects on the fetus. The data suggest that species differences in sensitivity to endrin may in part be due to differences in metabolism. Although endrin levels in rat fetuses at a maximally tolerated dosage level resembled those previously reported for the hamster, relatively less 12-ketoendrin was present, paralleling the change in fetal sensitivity. PMID- 7281203 TI - A simplified method for measuring scheduled and unscheduled DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts. AB - A simplified method for the rapid measurement of scheduled and unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultures of human fibroblasts is described. The use of cultures in which DNA synthesis is blocked by hydroxyurea (HU) together with those which are not blocked allows an estimation of the effect of chemicals on both types of DNA synthesis. This facilitates the interpretation of results and the selection of an optimum range of doses. Some results obtained with carcinogens and non carcinogens are presented of the compounds so far tested. The methodology here described compares well in its validity with other more difficult and time consuming methods. PMID- 7281204 TI - Induction of mixed-function oxidase by chronic treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin in female rats. AB - The effect of a 45-week treatment with different doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (0.01, 0.10 and 1.00 microgram/kg/week) was evaluated in female rat liver by determining cytochrome P-450 and b5 content and the activities of the enzymes cytochrome c reductase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (7-ECD); TCDD content in the liver was also measured. Cytochrome b5 and cytochrome c reductase were unaffected at any of the dose levels and cytochrome P-450 was significantly induced only at the highest TCDD dose, but marked induction of AHH and 7-ECD was apparent when the animals were treated with 0.01 microgram/kg/week; a clear dose-response relationship was present in the induction at the 2 lower doses (0.01 and 0.10 microgram/kg/week). The amount of TCDD found in liver tissue (1050, 4740 and 30 700 ppt, respectively, for 0.01, 0.10 an 1.00 microgram/kg/week) indicated a relatively higher accumulation of this compound at lower doses. PMID- 7281205 TI - Toxicity of aspartame and its diketopiperazine for Wistar rats by dietary administration for 104 weeks. AB - Aspartame (APM) or L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine, and a 3 : 1 combination of APM with its decomposition product, 5-benzyl-3,6-dioxo-2-piperazine acetic acid (DKP), were incorporated at levels of up to 4 g/kg in the diet of male and female Wistar rats from 6 weeks to 104 weeks of age. There was a dose-dependent depression of body weight gain at 2 and 4 g/kg AMP and at 4 g/kg APM + DKP in males, and at all dose levels in females, correlated with decreased food consumption and attributed to liberation of amino acids from hydrolysis of APM. Increases in urinary specific gravity and pH, with increase of relative kidney weight, were attributed to the urinary excretion DKP and acidic metabolites of APM. A dose-related increase in urinary calcium probably reflected increased calcium absorption, as from high protein diets. A slight decrease in serum cholesterol and an increase in relative spleen weight appeared to be without adverse effect. It is concluded that the treatments were without toxic effect. PMID- 7281206 TI - Enhancement of tumor formation in mouse lung by dietary butylated hydroxytoluene. AB - Male A/J mice were injected i.p. with a single dose of urethan and fed 0.75% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or ethoxyquin in the diet. All animals were killed 4 months after urethan and the number of lung tumors counted. Exposure to BHT, but not to BHA or ethoxyquin significantly enhanced formation of lung tumors if animals were given the BHT-containing diet once a week for 8 consecutive weeks or were kept on it continuously for 8 weeks. Prefeeding mice with BHT had no effect on tumor formation but prefeeding BHA reduced the number of tumors formed by urethan. It is concluded from this and previous work that in mouse lung BHT enhances tumor formation regardless of route of administration and over a 100-fold dose range. PMID- 7281207 TI - The major histocompatibility complex of the dog. Isolation and partial characterization of the SD antigens. PMID- 7281208 TI - Human neonatal infections with hookworms in an endemic area of Southern Nigeria. A possible transmammary route. AB - Examination of faecal smears of 316 neonates (4-5 weeks old) in a human hookworm endemic area of southern Nigeria showed that 33 (10%) of them were hookworm infected. The majority of the neonatal infections (88%) were due to Ancylostoma duodenale although Necator americanus was the more prevalent hookworm species in the area. The incidence of neonatal infections was pronounced (64%) for mothers who were A. duodenale-positive 5-6 weeks postpartum. A thorough screening of 12.4 litres of colostral milk from all the 316 nursing mothers failed to show the presence of infective hookworm larvae. These results indicate a possibility of a transmammary infection route for the human hookworm A. duodenale. PMID- 7281209 TI - The value of a single Widal test in the diagnosis of acute typhoid fever. AB - During an outbreak of typhoid fever in A1-Salt town, Jordan a study was made to correlate patient's positive blood culture for Salmonella typhi with a single Widal agglutination test during the acute stage of the disease. 24/26 (92%) of the patients with positive blood culture developed TO, TH or both agglutinin titres of 1/80 and more. This study indicates that a single Widal test is probably highly diagnostic in acute cases of typhoid fever. PMID- 7281210 TI - Pulmonary infections by atypical mycobacteria in a rural coastal region of Karnataka, India. AB - The sputum specimens from 6,829 cases were obtained from patients diagnosed as "relapsed cases" of pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic non-specific respiratory diseases (CNSRD). Of these 1,191 (17.4%) were culture positive for acid fast bacilli with 292 (4.23%) human and 899 (13.7%) being atypical mycobacteria. These data imply that, if not all, most of the reported cases of relapsed pulmonary tuberculosis could be due to atypical mycobacteria in South West Coast of India and that this agent in some patients could be responsible for chronic infections of the lung as well. Practically all of these patients are from rural areas living in close contact with nature and animals. This poses the question whether atypical mycobacterial infection could be considered a zoonosis. PMID- 7281211 TI - The iron status of anaemic pregnant Igbo women in Nigeria. AB - The iron status of 120 anaemic pregnant Igbo women was investigated. Of the 120 patients whose haemoglobin was less than 10%, 30 (25%) had iron deficiency anaemia; 89 (74%) had megaloblastic anaemia (most probably due to folate deficiency), while 1 had Hb sickle cell disease. Malaria parasites were detected in only 7.5% of our patients, and seemed not to have a important factor in the causation of anaemia. PMID- 7281212 TI - Adhesion of the labia minora complicating circumcision in the neonatal period in a Nigerian community. AB - Twelve cases of adhesion of the labia minora complicating circumcision in the neonatal period of a Nigerian Community are presented. 9 of the cases were under one year in age. 10 of the cases were erroneously diagnosed by general practitioners as cases of imperforate vagina or hymen. The commonest presenting symptom was a poor urinary stream. Treatment was by separation of the adhesion and local application of dienoestrol cream, the success rate of this mode of therapy was 91.7%. The aetiology and treatment of labial adhesions are discussed. If labial adhesions are untreated other complications could arise in later life, hence female circumcision in the neonatal period should be discouraged. PMID- 7281213 TI - Psoriasis in Nigerians. AB - Patients with psoriasis constituted 0.8% of all (9806) new cases seen in two skin clinics in Northern Nigeria in five years. The findings on proportional rates, age and sex distribution and clinical characteristics of psoriasis in Nigerians are compared with those of other areas of Africa. The proportional rate of psoriasis in Northern Nigeria appears to be lower than that observed in East Africa. PMID- 7281214 TI - Lichen planus in tropical Africa. AB - The pattern of Lichen Planus seen among 95 Nigerians seen over a 3 year period is described. They constituted 5% of all skin cases, with females slightly more affected than males. A younger age group is predominantly affected. In most patients (68%), the lesions are widespread all over the body. Large papules, scaly patches and hypertrophic verrucous lesions in the legs are frequent findings. Patients having lesions in the mouth are few. Seasonal variations of the disease do occur, the peak being during the rainy season, April-September (65%). Pruritus is a constant feature. Lesions do heal with marked residual hyperpigmentation. There is no report so far of the "subtropical" (actinic) Lichen Planus in West Africa. It is suggested that drugs, weather and the hard native sponge may play a role in the causation of the disease in tropical Africa. PMID- 7281215 TI - Gastroduodenitis and peptic ulcer in a rural Liberian community. An endoscopic prospective study. AB - In a prospective study on a Liberian rubber plantation lasting over 12 months, 79 consecutive patients with recurrent epigastric pain as well as 15 controls without evidence of gastrointestinal disease were endoscoped with a fiberoptic instrument. Peptic ulcers were found in 7 (9%) of the 79 patients; 3 were in the prepyloric antrum and 4 in the duodenal bulb. The incidence of symptomatic peptic ulcer disease estimated from the data was 0.15 per 1000 population per year. Histology revealed superficial gastritis in 34, atrophic gastritis in 23 and duodenitis in 23 of the patients and in 3, 2 and 1 respectively of the control group. The differences observed between patients and controls were statistically significant for the stomach (p less than 0.01) but not for the duodenum. No correlation was found between the presence of histological gastritis and either dietary and social habits or the presence of intestinal parasites. PMID- 7281216 TI - Schistosoma haematobium in Ajara community of Badagry. Metrifonate trials in the treatment of the disease. AB - Metrifonate, an organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor, which has been shown to be effective in the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis was administered orally to 145 school children aged 6-15 years at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight in 3 doses at 14-day intervals. Urinalysis was carried out to determine egg out put, haematuria and proteinuria. None of the subjects was anaemic before treatment, 78.6% tolerated the drug well while 21.4% had minimal and transient side-effects. 47.6% with light infections, 29.9% with moderate infections and 5.1% with heavy infections, had no ova of S. haematobium in their urine after the first dose. The pre- and post-treatment urinalysis showed very significant reductions in the number of subjects with haematuria and proteinuria. However, some of those with no ova of S. haematobium in their urine still had haematuria and proteinuria. The determination of these parameters indicates the intensity of infection and can be used in assessing the results of chemotherapy. PMID- 7281217 TI - Rhinosporidiosis in Tanzania. AB - Fifteen cases of rhinosporidiosis are reported for the first time from Tanzania. The disease affected males more frequently than females. Involvement of the eye is more common than involvement of the nose, a feature which is not encountered in endemic areas. PMID- 7281218 TI - Disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis treated with dapsone. AB - A case of disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis is reported. The possibility of leprosy was excluded. Dapsone was found very effective in curing the cutaneous nodules. Though many chemotherapeutic agents have been tried both topically and internally, so far surgery is considered to be the effective method of treatment. Our experience with this case suggest that Dapsone may be a successful drug in cutaneous rhinosporidiosis. PMID- 7281219 TI - Myositis ossificans masquerading as Burkitt's lymphoma of maxilla in a Nigerian boy. PMID- 7281220 TI - Distribution in Kenya of intermediate hosts of Schistosoma. AB - A major factor in the geographical distribution of endemic schistosomiasis in Kenya is the discontinuous distribution of intermediate hosts. Biomphalaria pfeifferi is the main transmitter of S. mansoni and is found in the altitude zone 300-2,300 m; its absence from the costal region results in the absence of endemic schistosomiasis mansoni amongst the large human population in the coastal region. Snails belonging to the Bulinus africanus group appear to be responsible for all transmission of S. haematobium; they occur from near sea-level to an altitude of about 1,800 but are discontinuously distributed. There appears to be considerable potential for increase in the areas in which each form of schistosomiasis is endemic, taking into account existing patterns of snail distribution and likely developments in irrigation and water conservation. New localities reported here considerably extend the known distribution in western Kenya of B. truncatus, which could serve as an effective intermediate host for S. haematobium if a suitable strain were to become established in Kenya. PMID- 7281221 TI - [Effect of a 50-Hz electromagnetic field on cell passage of mitotic cycle periods]. PMID- 7281222 TI - [Cytogenetic study of meiosis in sterile male mice]. AB - The spermatocytes of 39 sterile males found among inbred mice were studied cytogenetically at diakinesis-metaphase I of meiosis. The chromosome aberrations: reciprocal translocation (7.7%), autosome univalents and sex chromosome dissociation were found in 17.95% of the sterile males. The fertility of 2136 males of C57BL/6 strain was estimated. The rate of sterile males was approximately 1% and frequency of spontaneous chromosome aberrations registered in MI of meiosis was 0.1%. PMID- 7281223 TI - [Parameters of a test system taking into account direct point mutations in mammalian somatic cells]. PMID- 7281224 TI - [Existence of an endogenous biorhythm of buccal epithelial chromatin-positive cells in women]. PMID- 7281225 TI - [Oogonia degeneration in human pre- and perinatal oogenesis]. AB - The number of the degenerating sex cells is extremely small in the period between the 6th and 12th-13th weeks of the intra-uterine development. The cells are represented by isolated oogonia at the interphase or mitosis and by oocytes. The number of the degenerating sex cells increases after the 13th week. Nearly all of them are represented by oocytes at all the stages of the meiosis prophase I. From the 26th week one may observe an intensive degeneration of the cells which is represented mostly by oocytes in diplo- and dictyotene. PMID- 7281226 TI - [Ultrastructure of the mitotic apparatus in metaphase cells exposed to 2 mercaptoethanol in embryonic swine kidney tissue culture]. AB - The ultrastructure of the mitotic apparatus in metaphasic cells of the porcine embryo kidney culture was studied in the course of the 20 hour treatment with 2 mercaptoethanol (0.001M). In these conditions metaphasic cells were recognized according to the following signs: chromosome disposition; the degree of spindle microtubule destruction; the structure of spindle poles, and the organization of kinetochore regions. On this basis, five types of metaphasic cells have been distinguished. It is suggested that modifications of the mitotic apparatus in these metaphasic types may reflect the reorganization of all its parts (metaphasic plate, mitotic spindle, spindle poles) that occur in the process of the transformation of mitotic cells, from the normal metaphase stage to the stage of C-metaphase under the influence of 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. PMID- 7281227 TI - [Fibrillar centers and ring-shaped nucleoli in various tissue cells of 11-day-old chick embryos]. AB - The fine structure of nucleoli in different tissues of 11-day old chick embryos was studied. Nucleoli of highly specialized cells, such as lymphocytes, granulocytes and endothelial cells of liver and kidney capillaries contain well developed fibrillar centres and are characterized by peripheral location of the RNP material surrounding the central electron transparent core (ring-shaped nucleoli). However, lens fibers from annular and central zones of this organ are devoid or ring-shaped nucleoli. In nucleoli of mitotically more active cells (hepatocytes, nephrocytes and lens epithelium), which have clear nucleolonemal composition, light fibrillar components are described having homogenous fibrillar texture and consisting of fibers about 100 A in diameter. By main structural criteria, they are very similar to fibrillar centres. It is concluded that these two elements of interphase nucleolus may be equivalent structures. PMID- 7281228 TI - [Ultrastructural of the neurons and synaptic architectonics of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculi in the cat brain]. AB - In the central nucleus of the cat's brain inferior colliculus, three classes of neurons were observed. 1. Large relay neurons were distinguished by the abundance of cytoplasmic organelles. A considerable part of their perikaryon was covered by presynaptic terminals. 2. Medium sized lucent neurons having small amount of organelles. 3. Dark cells of rare occurrence in the central nucleus, which according to the number of axo-somatic synapses may be placed between type I and II neurons. In the central nucleus four type of profiles containing synaptic vesicles were distinguished. Large polymorphic endings of specific afferent fibers (type I) and small neurons (type II) contained round synaptic vesicles, while type III irregular axon terminals contained flattened and polymorphic ones. Type I, II and III terminals always appeared to be presynaptic components of synapses. Type IV terminals were found to be rare and except the polymorphic synaptic vesicles contained profiles of endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, microtubules, that enables them to be attributed to dendrites. Type IV terminals may be either presynaptic, or postsynaptic components of synapses. PMID- 7281229 TI - [Transformation of the cytoplasmic processes in desmosome formation in the normal multilayer squamous epithelium and in cervical carcinoma in situ]. AB - Cytoplasmatic processes of human normal cervical epithelium cells and of carcinoma in situ lesions were examined; transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used. Microvilli, microspikes and microplicae were predominant in various layers of normal squamous epithelium. It is suggested that transformation of microvilli into microspikes and then into microplicae accompanied the formation and disassembly of desmosomes in the normal epithelium. Microvilli were found to be the predominant type of cytoplasmatic processes in all the layers of the carcinoma in situ epithelium. It is suggested that the transformation of cytoplasmic processes is deficient in these lesions; this deficiency may be associated with a decreased formation of desmosomes. Possible similarities between pseudopodial attachment processes in vitro and in vivo are discussed. PMID- 7281230 TI - [Variability in the DNA content in the progeny of the clonogenic cells from transplantable rat rhabdomyosarcoma]. AB - Transplantable rat rhabdomyosarcoma RA-2 selected for affinity to lung tissue was cloned in vivo, and DNA contents of interphase nuclei was cytophotometrically measured in progenies of 121 clonogenic cells implanted in the lungs. Clone populations have shown a high karyotypic heterogeneity, karyotypic structure being unchanged from the 16th to the 28th selection cycles investigated. Karyotypic heterogeneity is reproduced due to the high rate of genome mutations in the progenies of clonogenic cells (11.10-2-14.10-2 per cell per generation). Cells with increased numbers of chromosomes arose 3 fold more frequently than cells with decreased chromosome numbers, tumor cell mutability being non-equal in different clones. PMID- 7281231 TI - [Karyotypic structure of Chinese hamster clone cell populations in prolonged culture]. AB - The Karyotypic structure of some clones and subclones of Chinese hamster cells has been studied (CHO-KI). 60-80% of all the clonal cells demonstrated the identical karyotype (the main structural variant of karyotype - MSVK). The distribution of cells according to the number of chromosomes does not vary within 90 passages of clone cultivation (about 300 cell generations) and 35 passages of subclone cultivation (more than 100 cell generations). In two of three clones the frequencies of cells with MSVK and with additive karyotype variants do not change, while in one clone a long cultivation leads to lowering the frequency of cells with MSVK and to growing the frequency of cells with other karyotype variants. Recloning does not lead to decreasing the karyotypic heterogeneity of clonal populations. The distribution of clonal cells according to the deviation from the modal number of chromosomes is closely related to the Poisson distribution, while the distributions of cells from two clones with the stable karyotypic structure according to the number of greater structural greater deviations from MSVK are related to a degeneration Poisson distribution. Different chromosomes are involved in karyotypic changes in variable proportions, and the frequencies of cells with simultaneous deviations in various chromosome groups are in most instances higher than frequencies expected in the case of independent deviations. The reasons of stability of karyotypic structure in clonal populations is discussed. PMID- 7281232 TI - [Surface of the ventral area of the rat third ventricle in the perinatal period]. AB - The correlative scanning and transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the ependyma surface, supraependymal nerve fibers and cells in the ventral region of the 3rd ventricle, during the perinatal period in rats. It has been demonstrated that during the tanycyte differentiation microvilli and blebs of different kinds appear. The distribution of these protrusions reflects the functional specialization of tanycytes in different regions of the infundibular recess. From the 18th day of fetal life, the axons penetrate into the ventricle between the tanycytes to form an extensive network covering the surface of the infundibular recess. Supraependymal cells differ in their shape and ultrastructure, but all of them bear resemblance to macrophages, as they contain numerous lysosomes and phagosome-like bodies. PMID- 7281234 TI - A study of the accuracy, and factors influencing accuracy, of home addresses of patients obtained by registry clerks and address cards in four large towns in South India. AB - In 4 large towns in South India with illiteracy levels of 26% to 40%, the efficiency of registry clerks in eliciting the home addresses of 1338 out patients was assessed, by verifying receipt of a letter posted to the patients. The efficiency was found to be very poor, namely 66%. Moreover, the accuracy of address was substantially poorer for illiterate patients and for patients living for relatively short durations at their present address. Our innovation, the address card, on which the home address was recorded by a knowledgeable literate person of the patient's choice, was returned by 98% of the patients, and the addresses were found accurate in 84%; the findings were similar in the 4 towns and were unaffected by any patient characteristic. The substantially better results with the address card were found in both illiterate and literate patients. These findings establish the address card as a simple, inexpensive and efficient device for obtaining accurate addresses. PMID- 7281233 TI - [Suppressive action of bone marrow and spleen cells on antibody genesis and lymphoid cell proliferation in an in vitro culture of autoimmune mice (NZB.NZW)F1]. AB - The ability of bone marrow and spleen cells of autoimmune (NZB.NZW) F1 strain of mice of various age to suppress the immune response and spleen cells proliferation of young syngeneic mice in vitro was studied. The SRBC were used as an antigen. The proliferation rate was measured by the intensiveness of 3H thymidine incorporation into DNA of cells being in the process of division. It has been found out that the bone marrow supressive activity in (NZB.NZW) F1 strain of mice undergoes age-associated changes. In mice 4-5 months of age the temporary reduction of suppressor-cell activity in the bone marrow is observed. The bone marrow suppressive activity recovers by 8-10 months, reaching the level of that observed in mice 1.5-2 months of age. In the spleens of (NZB.NZW) F1 strain of 8-10 months old mice suppressor cells appear lacking in young animals. The possibility of bone marrow B-suppressor participation in the development of the autoimmune process in (NZB.NZW) F1 strain of mice is discussed. PMID- 7281235 TI - Mycobacterium kansasii infection in an endemic area of Czechoslovakia. AB - Over the period 1968-1979, Mycobacterium kansasii was isolated from a total of 297 persons residing in the district of Karvina, North-Moravian Region, Czechoslovakia. Repeated M. kansasii isolations were recorded in 153 patients with clinical symptomatology of chronic respiratory disorders, single isolations in another 144 persons (121 isolations from sputum and/or laryngeal swabs, 22 from urine, and one from the aspirate of a lymph node with tuberculoid granuloma). The incidence of infection with repeated M. kansasii isolation increased from 1.1 to 11.8 per 100 000 population. The ratio of these infections to the number of newly notified cases of pulmonary tuberculosis increased from 3.7 to 33.7%. The average age of patients was 46 years, 84% of all notified cases occurred by 54 years of age and morbidity was highest in the age group 45-54 years and reached 143/100 000 population. The proportion of male patients was 88% and 56% were heavy industry workers occupationally exposed to high dust concentrations. PMID- 7281236 TI - Profiles of skin test reactivity to antigens of various mycobacterial species in a human population and in experimental infections. AB - Sensitivity profiles to 6 mycobacterial skin test antigens prepared from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. scrofulaceum, M. intracellulare, M. avium and M. fortuitum were obtained in 6 groups of guinea pigs, each infected with one of the 6 mycobacterial species. Each group of animals showed the greatest sensitivity towards the homologous antigen. A second infection with a different species was super-imposed two months after the skin tests; the sensitivity towards the second species usually became dominant. Sensitivity profiles with the 6 antigens in a large random sample of the population of a district of Haiti resembled closely the sensitivity profiles for all the guinea pigs infected with two mycobacterial species. This suggested that the Haitian population consisted of a mixture of persons infected with one or more mycobacteria. Haitians with the largest to an antigen, which was at least 6 mm in diameter and at least 2 mm larger than the reaction to any other antigen, were assumed to be infected with the corresponding mycobacterial species. Sensitivity profiles of these persons resembled closely the sensitivity profiles of guinea pigs infected with the same species. In the Haitian population prevalence of infection with other mycobacterial species was much more common than infection with M tuberculosis. In spite of this, after 15 years of age only the tuberculosis infection rates increased with age, suggesting that allergy produced by M. tuberculosis infection was stronger and subject to much less waning than allergy produced by other mycobacterial infections. PMID- 7281238 TI - Central nervous system involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: value of lumbar puncture as initial staging procedure. AB - To identify the subgroups of patients with malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas who might benefit from prophylactic therapy to prevent CNS relapse, lumbar puncture was routinely performed among the other staging procedures from January 1976 to October 1979 in 76 patients with diffuse lymphomas. The study also takes into consideration 32 patients who came to out observation during the same period and who were studied with lumbar puncture performed in case of suspicious CNS involvement or along with other procedures during restaging the acquire further information on prognostic factors related to CNS involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology was positive in 3 of 76 patients studied with initial lumbar puncture; however, only 2 (2.6%) were asymptomatic. Within the group of 32 patients in whom lumbar puncture was performed during the course of the disease, all 17 patients with suspicious CNS involvement were found to have a positive CSF cytology with the exception of 1 patients with multiple focal involvement of brain parenchyma. Clinical signs of CNS involvement associated with CNS positivity were all found in patients with diffuse histology. In these patients bone marrow invasion or a leukemic picture was frequently associated with CNS relapse. In 47% of patients CNS disease developed while they were in clinical remission. In this series cranio-spinal irradiation associated with intrathecal chemotherapy provided the best results, even in survival was not primarily dependent upon the control of their CNS involvement but related to progressive systemic disease in other sites. On the basis of the clinico-prognostic parameters examined, some guidelines for early diagnosis and treatment of CNS lymphomatous involvement are provided. PMID- 7281237 TI - Inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis and lack of antileukemic activity by non photoactivated hematoporphyrin derivative. AB - It has been reported that cytocidal activity of light-activated hematoporphyrin (HPD) within the cells might be exploited in the therapy of experimental and human cancer. As part of a project from this laboratory aimed to study some major biologic features of HPD, it was found that [3H]thymidine incorporation in tumor cells was highly inhibited as a consequence of HPD treatment. HPD-mediated inhibition, obtained by a treatment either in vitro or in vivo, was long lasting and independent of light activation. Cellular DNA synthesis was inhibited by non toxic doses of HPD which were not influential either cell viability or cell oncogenicity. In preliminary studies, HPD-treated cells accumulated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle as detected by cytofluorometric analysis. This finding is in keeping with a likely inhibition exerted in late G1 or at the beginning of the S phase of cell the cycle and might exclude a direct damage of the DNA synthetic machinery. Definitive loss of cell viability and cellular DNA inhibition was obtained immediately after the exposure of HPD-treated cells to He-Ne laser light. HPD-mediated cell lysis was dose dependent and in the other of magnitude of cytocidal doses in different cell systems. HPD antileukemic activity or HPD interactions with chemotherapeutic drugs was ruled out in L1210 leukemic mice. PMID- 7281240 TI - DTIC and actinomycin D with and without C. parvum immunotherapy in advanced malignant melanoma. PMID- 7281239 TI - Abdominal dosimetry for supradiaphragmatic irradiation of Hodgkin's disease in pregnancy. Experimental data and clinical considerations. AB - An experimental dosimetry by an Alderson Phantom was carried out at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan to evaluate the scattered radiation in the abdomen for a radiotherapeutic treatment of some lymph node supradiaphragmatic regions. This information is very important when a radiological treatment of stage I and IIA Hodgkin's disease must be set up after the 3rd month of pregnancy. A dose of 3000 rad (30 Gy) was given to left supraclavicular and mediastinum as if involved by a lymphoma. A cobalt 60 unit and a 6 MeV linear accelerator were sequentially tested. Scattered radiation was measured by TLD dosimeters in multiple abdominal sections from diaphragm to pubis ever 5 cm. Scattered radiation was lower with the linear accelerator than with cobalt. Doses to the pelvis ranged from 3.5 rad to 6.3 rad for the linear accelerator. These values are not negligible but acceptable, because the risks of fetal malformation are very low after the third month of pregnancy. PMID- 7281241 TI - Usefulness of breast self-examination for an early detection of breast cancer results of a study on 500 breast cancer patients and 652 controls. AB - The knowledge and practice of breast self-examination (BSE) was investigated among 500 women with operable breast tumors between 35 and 64 years of age (all successively operated) and 652 healthy women, matched with the previous group for 5-year age groups from 35 to 54 years. Only 39.9% of breast cancer women and 34.5% of the controls practiced BSE, starting from 45 years, and it is used less frequency by the women with a poor education and those in a lower economic bracket. Among the 500 breast cancer patients, those who practiced the self examination had a higher number of tumors with a diameter no greater than 2 cm and a lower number with a diameter larger than 4 cm. In addition, in this group the percentage of unaffected axillary lymph nodes (N-) was 58.8% compared to 48.8% for the group that did not practice self-examination, and the percentage of the cases with more than 3 metastatic lymph nodes (N+ greater than 3) was 20.0% in the first group and 27.3% of the second one. These differences were statistically significant. The correlation between tumor diameter and the histologic lymph node stage is equally evident, since there is a progressive reduction in N- cases and a contemporary progressive increase in N+ (greater than 3) cases with increasing breast tumor diameter. Therefore, we can infer that the lack of practice of BSE causes a diagnostic and therapeutic delay, which is responsible for aggravation of the prognosis. PMID- 7281242 TI - Tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal advanced breast cancer: efficacy at the primary tumor site in 46 evaluable patients. AB - Forty-six evaluable postmenopausal patients with locally advanced, inoperable T3 T4 breast carcinoma were treated with tamoxifen 10-20 mg twice daily for a period at least 6 weeks. Eight patients (17%) had an objective response at the primary tumor site after 6 weeks of treatment. Improvement of response with a further single tamoxifen therapy was observed in 7 patients, resulting in an overall objective response in 14 of 46 (30%). Median duration of response was 8 months (range 2-24). No response was obtained in the 5 patients with inflammatory signs. Toxicity of treatment was minimal. Medial survival was 10 months (responders 17.5, non-responders 9). Tamoxifen seems to be safe and effective treatment for locally advanced breast cancer without inflammatory signs in postmenopausal women. PMID- 7281244 TI - Sipple's syndrome: description of one case. PMID- 7281243 TI - Post-thoracotomy diagnostic and staging conversion rates of clinically staged I lung cancer. AB - The accuracy of stage I lung cancer assessment achieved by traditional clinico diagnostic staging was retrospectively evaluated in 164 consecutive patients who underwent thoracotomy. The diagnostic conversion rate was 6.7% (1 carcinoid and 10 innocent pulmonary lesions) and occurred only in the subset of patients lacking preoperative pathologic confirmation (15%). The conversion rate to unresectable tumor extent was 8% (11/153), and local spread was the main cause of unresectability (5.5%). The staging conversion rate was 29% (43/153): the conversion rate for nodal evaluation was double that of primary tumor evaluation (24% versus 12%), but conversion to anatomically unresectable nodal diffusion occurred in only one patient (0.6%). The ability of the surgeon to convert the wrong diagnosis was scanty without extemporary biopsy, and 7 patients with innocent lesions underwent standard resection for primary cancer. Surgical staging was a precise as pathological staging in primary tumor evaluation, but was faulty in nodal evaluation (15% error in sN- and sN1-2 assessment). It is concluded that following stage I lung cancer assessment by traditional means, supplementary examinations are requested for a better sensitivity of pathological confirmation and a better refinement of local spread. Better nodal evaluation has less value until a biologic limit to surgery for anatomically resectable nodal diffusion is universally accepted. PMID- 7281245 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of the dermatofibroma. PMID- 7281247 TI - [Peculiarities of reaction activity of the pentose phosphate pathway in different tissues]. AB - The paper deals with the most important pentose phosphate pathway reactions of carbohydrate metabolism in tissues of the liver, spleen, bone marrow and in blood erythrocytes catalyzed by transketolase. Possibilities are also studied for pentose phosphate production in the mentioned tissues in the nonoxidized reaction of the pentose phosphate pathway catalyzed by transketolase. It is established that due to this reaction the possibility of pentose phosphates synthesis in tissues of the liver, spleen, bone marrow and erythrocytes is very small as compared with that in the oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway. The reaction rate is higher in the reverse direction when utilizing erytrhroso-4 phosphate and riboso-5-phosphate with glycolysis intermediate products formed. It is also shown that erythroso-4-phosphate inhibits greatly the glucose phosphate isomerase activity. Coming from the data obtained the authors suggest that acceleration of the transketolase reaction towards the utilization of erythroso-4 phosphate as well as of synthesis of fructoso-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate promotes the transfer of carbohydrate metabolism from the pentose phosphate pathway to glycolysis. PMID- 7281246 TI - [Activity of blood serum enzymes in alpha-tocopheryl acetate administered rats with experimental myocardial infarction]. AB - The experimental myocardial infarction induced in rats by ligation of the descending branch of the coronary artery increases the activity of creatine phosphokinase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in blood serum. Administration of vitamin E promotes a reduction of excessive content of enzymes in the acute period and normalization of the activity of the studied enzymes in blood serum on the 7th day after occlusion. PMID- 7281248 TI - [Characteristics of isoelectric fractions of human serum albumin]. AB - Amino acidic composition, dispersion of optic rotation, differential temperature perturbation spectra, molecular weight and terminal amino acids are studied for certain isoelectric fractions of human serum albumin obtained by means of isoelectric focusing in the borate-polyol system. The isolated three isoelectric fractions with pI 4.7, 4.9 and 5.1 revealed no significant differences in the composition of amino acids. They also did not differ in molecular weight and N- and C-terminal amino acids. However certain differences in the conformation and number of perturbed thyrosils are detected by means of spectral methods. PMID- 7281249 TI - [Isoelectric spectra of blood serum albumin in patients with disturbed thyroid gland function and nephrotic syndrome]. AB - In patients suffering from diffuse toxic goiter, hypothyrosis and nephrotic syndrome changes in dynamics of treatment are found in the albumin molecule by means of the isoelectric focusing in the borate-polyol system and spectropolarimetry. The changes consist in an increased content of the albumin fractions in the range of pH 4.3-4.5 and 5.5-5.7. In patients suffering from toxic goiter conservative therapy rises the content of the fractions in the range of pH 4.3-4.5, whereas under hypothyrosis and nephrotic syndrome the content of the fraction decreases in the range of pH 5.5-5.7. Parallel studies of the dispersion of albumin optic rotation support despiralization of its molecule under all the dispersion of albumin optic rotation support despiralization of its molecule under all types of the pathology. The results obtained may be of diagnostic and prognostic significance. PMID- 7281250 TI - [Peculiarities of blood serum albumin transport function during physical exercise]. AB - Physicochemical properties of blood serum albumin were studied in sportsmen during physical exercises. The "carbohydrate and lipid capacity' of blood serum albumin is found to increase under physical loads. Albumin is supposed to incorporate more actively into the transport of carbohydrates or lipids used as source of energy in the muscular work. No noticeable changes in the structure of albumin are found by the optical rotation dispersion technique. PMID- 7281252 TI - [Anticholinesterase activity and toxicity of substituted O,O-dialkyl-S-vinyl phosphates and thiovinyl phosphonium salts]. AB - A kinetic investigation of the human erythrocyte and housefly head acetylcholinesterase irreversible inhibition with thiovinyl phosphates is performed and an activation effect of thioalkyl alpha-substituents in the vinyl group is observed. Thiovinyl phosphates in vitro are less selective to the insect enzyme than the corresponding oxygen analogues. Their inhibitory potency rises with lengthening of the alkoxyl radicals at a phosphorus atom but the correlation with the toxicity is absent. Phosphonium salts having a thiovinyl substituent inhibit the enzyme via the reversible mechanism typical for onium compounds. PMID- 7281251 TI - [Kinetics of prothrombin activation by factor Xa]. AB - It is shown that activation of prothrombin by factor Xa with the presence of the substrate low concentrations occurs as two-stage reaction described by Michaelis Mentene equation for stationary conditions. The rate constant of the complex formation is 2 and 3 order higher than the constant of dissociation and decay, respectively. Judging from a two-stage character of the process, it is possible to conclude that the second intermediate product (enzyme-modified substrate) in not form in the reaction: the both links in prothrombin sensitive to factor Xa might be attacked simultaneously. In the presence of the substrate high concentrations an inhibition may be observed due to formation of a complex, which involves one enzyme molecule and 1 + n substrate molecules. This complex preserves the enzymic activity because the constant of changes in its decay (beta) rate is larger than 0, but less than 1. The inhibition of factor Xa by the prothrombin surplus may be considered as a self-regulation element in the coagulation system at the level of molecular interactions. PMID- 7281253 TI - [Immobilization of Penicillium vitale glucose oxidase by aminoethyl cellulose and properties of immobilized enzyme]. AB - Penicillium vitale glucose oxidase modified by oxidation of the carbohydrate component is in a covalent combination with aminoethyl cellulose (AE-cellulose). With the optimal enzyme: carrier ratio the manifested activity of glucose oxidase in the preparation is 4.3 +/- 0.8% of the attached enzyme activity. It is established that thermostability, stability to an inactivating effect of a labilizing fraction and pH-stability with pH alkaline values in the immobilized glucose oxidase are higher than in the soluble enzyme. It is shown that the process of thermal and alkaline inactivation occurs through two stages differing in the rate. The properties of P. vitale glucose oxidase immobilized by the same method by different carriers, aminosilochrome and AE-cellulose are compared. PMID- 7281254 TI - [Immobilization of Penicillium vitale catalase on aminoethyl cellulose and properties of the obtained preparations]. AB - Preparations of Penicillium vitale catalase immobilized by aminoethyl cellulose (AE-cellulose) are obtained using two methods: by the enzyme covalent cross linking with the carrier by glutaric aldehyde and by the covalent binding of catalase to the carrier aminogroups through the carbohydrate enzyme component. A dependence is established for the degree of catalase binding and catalase activity of the immobilized enzyme on the enzyme carrier in immobilization ratio. The optimal enzyme-carrier ratio in both cases is 10 mg of the enzyme per 1 g of the carrier. With such a ratio and binding by means of glutaric aldehyde 9.5 +/- 0.23 mg of protein is added to 1 g of the carrier with the 68.7 +/- 3.45% of the activity preserved, and in binding through the carbohydrate component of catalase 9.2 +/- 0.29 mg/g is added with preservation of 84.7 +/- 4.42% of the activity. Studies in properties of soluble and AE-cellulose immobilized catalase of P. vitale and determination of thermodynamic parameters of inactivation showed that the immobilized enzyme is more stable to the effect of temperature and extreme pH values than the soluble one. PMID- 7281255 TI - [Stability of Penicillium vitale immobilized catalase in continuous decomposition of hydrogen peroxide]. AB - The process of hydrogen peroxide continuous decomposition by the preparation of the fungus Penicillium vitale catalase immobilized by aminoorganosilica which were activated by glutaric aldehyde, cyanuric chloride or 2,4-toluylene diisocyanate. Catalase with an oxidized carbohydrate component was used as well. Such a modified enzyme was directly bound with the surface of aminocontaining silica and alumina. It is shown that in the process of H2O2 decomposition the preparations of immobilized catalase are inactivated. The decrease in its activity is described by a model which suggests that rates of hydrogen peroxide decomposition and enzyme inactivation are described by the first order equations. A method for calculation and prediction of mean time of continuous operation of columns with bound catalase and other immobilized enzymes is suggested in terms of the given model. PMID- 7281257 TI - [Lipoprotein lipase activity and the content of free fatty acids in pig blood plasma]. AB - Significant changes in the lipoproteid lipase activity are found in the blood plasma of different-age pigs whose diet contained low-molecular fatty acids. These changes are established to depend on the animal age as well as on the fatty acid utilization intensity and caloricity in different age groups. PMID- 7281256 TI - [Stable borate-polyol pH-gradients and isofocusing of proteins in the range of pH 3.0-9.0]. AB - Methods are developed for obtaining pH-gradients stable to the electric current effect in borate-polyol systems which were used for the isofocusing of different proteins. The isofocusing within the range of pH 3.0-9.0 is shown to be possible. PMID- 7281258 TI - [Activity of cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesterol esterase in liver subcellular fractions of rabbits fed a cholesterol supplemented ration]. AB - The paper deals with the content of free and esterified cholesterol and also with the activity of cholesterol acetyltransferase and cholesterol esterase in the fraction of plasma membranes and liver subcellular fractions of rabbits fed a ration supplemented with cholesterol and sunflower oil. Under these conditions the content of cholesterol esters in the animals increases sharply in nuclei and cytosol and to a less extent--in microsomes and mitochondria. The activity of cholesterol acetyltransferase rises in the fractions of microsomes, nuclei and mitochondria being unchanged in the fractions of the plasma membranes. The activity of cholesterol esterase remains unchanged in all the fractions, being the highest in the fraction of the plasma membranes. PMID- 7281259 TI - [Lipid composition and activity of certain enzymes in membranes of intestinal epithelium microvilli in rats with experimental hypercholesterinemia]. AB - It is established that in membranes of small intestine epithelial cells microvilli in rats, which were administered cholesterol for a long time, the content of this sterol and its esters as well as of phospholipids is different. Differences in the content of lipids are a reason of changes in the sucrose, alkaline phosphatase and leucilamino-peptidase activities. These changes are accompanied by an increase on the molar cholesterol esters-free cholesterol ratio in blood plasma and cholesterol-phospholipids ratio in the microvilli membranes. Beta-sitosterol administered to experimental animals incorporates into the intestine plasma membranes, blocks up the transfer sites, inhibiting cholesterol absorption, which evidently decreases the sterol content in blood serum. PMID- 7281260 TI - [Changes in charge density of cholesterol-enriched erythrocyte membranes]. AB - Application of potentiometric titration and fluorescent probes showed that density of negative charges of erythrocyte membranes decreases with their cholesterol enrichment by different methods (keeping animals on a diet causing hypercholesterinemia, application of cholesterol-lecithin liposomes in experiments in vitro). These effects are largely due to cholesterol-induced in accessibility for titration of a definite amount of carboxylic, imidazole and secondary phosphate groups of the membrane components and to an increase in the number of titrated epsilon-NH2-groups resulted from the weakening of electrostatic interaction of the membrane charges. The found shifts of pK groups dissociating in the region of pH neutral values and shifts in the fluorescence peaks of a positively charged probe of astraphloxin towards the spectral short wave region with cholesterol enrichment of the membranes evidence for changes in microenvironment of the studied polar groups. A separate quantitative expression of the cholesterol-induced effects of viscosity increase and a density decrease of negative charges of membranes affecting the processes of astraphloxin binding is shown to be possible. PMID- 7281261 TI - [Lysosome membrane permeability and chemical teratogens]. AB - The influence of chemical compounds (their action is well studied in application to intrauterine development) on permeability of the lysosome membrane in vitro is studied by the account of the marker enzyme (acid phosphatase--EC 3.1.3.2) activity in the lysosomal fraction and supernatant fluid. It is established that pyrimethamine and pyridine dichlorohydrate 2 (beta-ethyl aminoethyl) in low concentrations stabilize the lysosome membrane, ethonium and dimexide destabilize it, and actinomycin practically has no effect on permeability of the lysosome membrane. The effect of chemical agents on permeability of lysosomes depends on their concentration. The pyrimethamine stabilizing effect relative to the lysosome membranes of liver cells is manifested already 1 hour after the action and persists for 8 days. PMID- 7281263 TI - [Carbamazepine poisoning]. PMID- 7281264 TI - [Symptoms and prognosis of intracranial tumors]. PMID- 7281265 TI - [Surgical treatment of lung metastases]. PMID- 7281262 TI - [Effect of galascorbin on activity of lactate and malate dehydrogenases and their isoenzymic spectrum in experimental pyelonephritis]. AB - It is shown that per os administration of galascorbin to animals with acute experimental pyelonephritis in a dose of 100 mg/1 kg of mass per day normalizes the total activity of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) and their isoenzymic spectrum in kidney tissue and blood serum. The content of pyruvic and lactic acids in blood serum also normalizes, that promotes a favourable course of the disease. PMID- 7281266 TI - [Carbamazepine (Tegretol) poisoning)]. PMID- 7281267 TI - [Pneumopericardium caused by perforated stomach ulcer]. PMID- 7281268 TI - [Esophageal ulcer caused by emepronium bromide]. PMID- 7281269 TI - [Disulfiram hepatitis]. PMID- 7281270 TI - [Legionnaires' disease with Guillain-Barre's syndrome]. PMID- 7281271 TI - [Mortality from anemia and other blood diseases among individuals exposed to organic solvents]. PMID- 7281272 TI - [Assistance for medicine for pensioners. Requirements for and utilization of supplementary assistance for medicine by patients referred for long-term medical assessment]. PMID- 7281273 TI - [Malignant lymphoma of the breast. A review and 7 Danish cases]. PMID- 7281274 TI - [Neurilemmoma of the stomach]. PMID- 7281275 TI - [Doppler ultrasonics. A non-invasive method of measuring blood circulation time and systolic time interval]. PMID- 7281277 TI - [Ureteral colic and zone therapy]. PMID- 7281276 TI - [Arteriography with ioxaglate (Hexabrix), a new low-osmolar contrast medium. A comparative study on amidotrizoate (Urografin-meglumine) with regard to subjective discomforts]. PMID- 7281278 TI - [Presenting neuropsychiatric symptoms in pernicious anemia]. PMID- 7281279 TI - [Thrombosis of the axillary artery. Vascular damage and presumed thrombogenesis due to long-term use of crutches]. PMID- 7281280 TI - [Superior limbal keratoconjunctivitis associated with thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7281282 TI - [Interactions with the p-pill]. PMID- 7281281 TI - [Aseptic bone necrosis in the head of the humerus. Report of 2 cases of Panner's disease]. PMID- 7281283 TI - [Diseases of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 7281284 TI - [Epidemiology of obesity among school children. II. Method of measurement]. PMID- 7281285 TI - [Experimental activity in primary health care. A questionnaire study among the participants in a preventive program]. PMID- 7281286 TI - [Management of children with rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 7281287 TI - [Jaundice diagnosis with dynamic ultrasonography]. PMID- 7281288 TI - [Arthrography of the ankle joint in the diagnosis of injuries of the lateral ligaments]. PMID- 7281289 TI - [Gas gangrene after lower-limb amputations for ischemia]. PMID- 7281290 TI - [Use of artificial limbs following amputation for arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7281291 TI - [Hyperprolactinemia and primary amenorrhea]. PMID- 7281293 TI - [Allergic side-effects following radiography of colon with barium sulfate suspension]. PMID- 7281292 TI - [Ecthyma gangrenosum]. PMID- 7281294 TI - [Reported back injuries caused by manual transport and lifting among a hospital staff]. PMID- 7281295 TI - [Experiences with discussion groups with cancer patients]. PMID- 7281296 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography outside larger hospital entities]. PMID- 7281297 TI - [Strength properties of the proximal tibia. A photoelastic and roentgenodensitometric study]. PMID- 7281298 TI - [Necrotising otitis externa]. PMID- 7281299 TI - [Oxygen therapy of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis]. PMID- 7281300 TI - [Pulmonary blastoma. Report of a case associated with adenocarcinoma of the cardia]. PMID- 7281301 TI - [Q fever. A case report with pathological bone marrow changes]. PMID- 7281302 TI - [Renal angiomyolipma. 2 cases with typical symptomatology]. PMID- 7281303 TI - [The toxic shock syndrome]. PMID- 7281304 TI - [The toxic shock syndrome and vaginal tampons]. PMID- 7281305 TI - [Cardiomyopathy and exposure to chemicals]. PMID- 7281306 TI - [Hypertension, antihypertensive therapy and cerebral circulation. A review]. PMID- 7281307 TI - [Need for establishing discussion groups. A questionnaire study among 84 cancer patients]. PMID- 7281308 TI - [Medical examination of young people. School dropouts and legislation concerning the occupational environment]. PMID- 7281309 TI - [Drowning accidents among children in private swimming pools in 1973-1977]. PMID- 7281310 TI - [Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Result of treatment evaluated by follow up]. PMID- 7281311 TI - [Asymptomatic bacteriuria and premature delivery]. PMID- 7281313 TI - [Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia or Shulman's syndrome]. PMID- 7281312 TI - [Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Recent diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7281314 TI - [Acoustic rupture of the tympanic membrane at a stroke of lightning]. PMID- 7281315 TI - [Unilateral breast edema in chronic heart disease]. PMID- 7281316 TI - [Villous adenoma of the duodenum]. PMID- 7281317 TI - [Hydrocele of the testis - mature testicular teratoma in children. Differential diagnostic considerations]. PMID- 7281318 TI - [Surreptitious abuse of laxatives]. PMID- 7281319 TI - [Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]. PMID- 7281320 TI - [Medical education, autumn 1981]. PMID- 7281321 TI - [Evaluation of the work of physicians]. PMID- 7281323 TI - [Postgraduate education and quality evaluation of physicians' performance. A round table]. PMID- 7281324 TI - [Postgraduate medical education in the USA]. PMID- 7281322 TI - Evaluation of the work of primary care physician. PMID- 7281325 TI - [Required postgraduate education in the USA and Canada]. PMID- 7281326 TI - [The self-directed learning process]. PMID- 7281328 TI - [General practitioners' postgraduate education. Report of the Leeuwenhorst Group]. PMID- 7281327 TI - [Clinical evaluation]. PMID- 7281329 TI - [Education of physicians- a system for the development of the medical personality]. PMID- 7281330 TI - [An analysis of the education courses for examination clinics]. PMID- 7281331 TI - [Why a course in clinical nutrition?]. PMID- 7281332 TI - [Epidemic exanthematous disease in a neonatal ward]. PMID- 7281333 TI - [Sodium chloride metabolism in a group of men]. PMID- 7281336 TI - [Preparation of leukocyte-poor blood by means of the Imugard cotton filter]. PMID- 7281335 TI - [Thrombosis patients with familial antithrombin-III deficiency treated with heparin and antithrombin]. PMID- 7281334 TI - [A family with an estrogen-related thrombotic tendency and hereditary deficiency on antithrombin]. PMID- 7281337 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm. An unusual case of diagnosis delayed 25 days because of artificial ventilation]. PMID- 7281338 TI - [Iatrogenic necrosis of the femoral head and indomethacin therapy]. PMID- 7281339 TI - [Abdominal pain in diabetic precoma]. PMID- 7281340 TI - [Passive smoking]. PMID- 7281341 TI - [Patterns of injuries in Danish division soccer]. PMID- 7281342 TI - [The pharmacology of antihypertensive agents. Sites and mechanisms of action, side effects and contraindications]. PMID- 7281343 TI - [Muscular training of patients with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 7281345 TI - [Analysis of the psychiatric supervision in the Copenhagen County Hospital of Glostrup]. PMID- 7281347 TI - [Neonatal complications caused by maternal clomipramine treatment]. PMID- 7281344 TI - [Treatment of mentally retarded children with cerebral palsy with intensive muscular training]. PMID- 7281348 TI - [Labor complicated by spontaneous pneumomediastinum]. PMID- 7281349 TI - [Treatment of tuberculosis in Denmark]. PMID- 7281350 TI - [Dexamethasone suppression test and diagnosis of depression]. PMID- 7281346 TI - [The course of intrauterine pregnancy with a coil in situ]. PMID- 7281351 TI - [Tar burns. Etiology and treatment illustrated by the follow-up examination of 45 victims]. PMID- 7281352 TI - [A surgical day-unit. An experimental arrangement and the preliminary results]. PMID- 7281353 TI - [Purulent meningitis. Marselisborg hospital 1970-1980]. PMID- 7281354 TI - [Delivery after previous cesarean section]. PMID- 7281355 TI - [A new method of operation for hypospadias]. PMID- 7281356 TI - [Neurogenic disorders of micturition after low anterior resection for cancer of the mid-rectum]. PMID- 7281357 TI - [Inhalation anesthesia with ultrasonic nebulized lidocaine for fiberoptic bronchoscopy]. PMID- 7281358 TI - [Pleural plaques after indirect, non work-related exposure to asbestos]. PMID- 7281359 TI - [Perforation of the small intestine induced by potassium chloride (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281360 TI - [Chylous ascites (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281361 TI - [Preventing meningococcal infections. A suggestion]. PMID- 7281362 TI - [Hazards of trampolines]. PMID- 7281363 TI - [Otitis media acuta salicylica]. PMID- 7281364 TI - [Drug combination preparations--pro or con]. PMID- 7281365 TI - Ice crystals specifically decorate hydrophilic sites on freeze-fractured models membranes. AB - Experiments with yeast plasmalemma fracture faces, produced at -196 degrees C and exposed to pure water vapor before replication, showed a "specific decoration" with ice crystals of those pits in the extraplasmatic face where the matching particles of the plasmatic face had been removed (H. Gross et al., J. Cell Biol. 79 (1978) 646). THe preferred growth of cubic ice crystals on the small depressions of the extraplasmatic face could be caused by the cavity-like character of the surface relief or by physicochemical surface properties which differ from those of the surrounding lipid fractures face. The following results suggest that not geometric or topographic but physicochemical surface properties are responsible for the trapping of water molecules in the regions of the depressions. Freeze-fractured multilamellar stearic-acid crystals and cardiolipin liposomes exhibit after fracturing hydrophobic faces and hydrophilic steps (bimolecular steps with two polar head groups in half of the step height) which act as preferential nucleation sites and lead to the formation of discrete ice crystals mainly along the steps. Multilamellar crystals of the paraffin n octatriacontane (C38H78) exhibit after freeze-fracturing hydrophobic faces and geometrically identical, but hydrophobic steps. In contrast to stearic acid these steps do not act as preferential nucleation sites. PMID- 7281366 TI - Design and operation of a differentially pumped environmental chamber for the HVEM. AB - A differentially pumped environmental chamber, or DIFPEC, has been developed for the AEI EM7 1.2 MV HVEM. The chamber is suitable for imaging and diffraction studies and is capable of operation at pressures approaching one atmosphere. Any mixture of gases can be used including water vapor supplied from an internal reservoir. Correct operation is demonstrated by measurements of temperature, pressure, and water consumption. High resolution (0.2 nm) diffraction patterns were recorded from unfixed, unstained, fully hydrated catalase crystals. This is good functional test of DIFPEC operation and specimen preparation because catalase disorders irreversibly of exposed to less than 95% relative humidity. High- and low-angle diffraction patterns were recorded from unfixed, unstained, fully hydrated rat hemoglobin crystals. All patterns were recorded using 10-4 C/cm2. Whole cell mounts prepared in different ways were imaged and show that 5.3 kPa of nitrogen gas has no detrimental effect on image contrast or resolution. The column vacuum and differentially pumped volume pressure were measured for a number of pumping configuration, as well as for several gases and pressures in the specimen volume. The pressure in the high vacuum portion of the objective lens gap is conductance-limited when the DIFPEC is in place. PMID- 7281367 TI - The effect of glucagon and diazoxide on the normal and obstructed upper urinary tract. AB - The effect of diazoxide and glucagon were studied on the freely draining upper urinary tract and after varying periods of obstruction in dogs. Without obstruction, diazoxide produced longer inactive periods than glucagon and recovery was associated with less retrograde activity. Following obstruction for 5--10 min, 6 and 24 h, diazoxide decreased renal pressure and the effect was greatest when the upper tract was obstructed for the shortest period. Glucagon also produced an overall reduction in pressure after 5--10 min and 6-hour periods of obstruction, but there was an initial rise in pressure after 5--10 min of obstruction. At 24 h there was an increase, but no overall decrease in pressure after glucagon. Diazoxide produced a greater fall in pressure after 5--10 min and 24 h of obstruction, and a faster fall in pressure after 5--10 min and 6 h of obstruction as compared to glucagon. Diazoxide may be a more effective therapeutic agent in the management of ureteral calculus disease than glucagon. PMID- 7281368 TI - [Transplantation of human renal adenocarcinoma tissue on the nude mouse (author's transl)]. AB - Tissues of human renal cell carcinoma and of its lymph-node metastases were transplanted between the 1st and the 4th passage on 80 nu/nu mice. Growth of tumor was observed in all cases. Chromosomal analyses proved the tumor origin of the transplants. The primary tumor showed two histological patterns: a granular solid cell carcinoma and sarcomatoid elements. The lymph nodes showed only sarcomatoid tissue of the primary tumor. Light-and electron-microscopic examinations showed that the transplanted tumor contained only the sarcomatoid tissue of the original tumor. The solid carcinomatous tissue was not found and, therefore, probably not transplanted. Flow cytometric investigations of the primary tumor revealed two cell populations with a DNA content of 6 and 10.8 pg. Both cell colonies were also discovered in the transplanted tumors as well. The transplants of the primary tumors grew significantly slower than those of the lymph-node metastases. After an initial inert phase, the transplanted tumors grew more rapidly in the male than in the female animals. Neither hematogenous nor lymphatic metastases were observed. After local excision, recurrent tumor development was found in 80% of the experimental animals. PMID- 7281369 TI - The use of indomethacin in the treatment of idiopathic bladder instability. AB - 55 patients suffering from voiding disorders associated with primary detrusor instability, have been treated with indomethacin. All patients have remained resistant to conventional medical treatment. 7 patients did not complete the clinical trial. After a 6-week trial period, the patients' symptom changes and side-effects were assessed. Only 17% of the patients who completed the trial, benefited from the treatment. Side-effects were encountered in 42% of the cases. PMID- 7281370 TI - [Possibilities of cytostatic therapy in adenocarcinoma of the kidney. I. Influence of vinblastine on the growth of transplanted tumors]. AB - The effect of vinblastine sulfate on the acceptance and growth of a very malignant, human adenocarcinoma of the kidney (RCCI) on nude mice was investigated. Without any treatment, this tumor has an acceptance rate of 100%. Subcutaneously transplanted pieces of tumor, measuring 3 X 3 X 1 mm, commence to grow rapidly 1 week after transplantation and reach a diameter of approximately 2 cm, 6 weeks thereafter. Tumors with a diameter of approximately 2 cm, treated during 6 weeks with vinblastine (0.6 mg/kg/week), continued to grow during treatment and thereafter. However, when these growing, pretreated tumors were transplanted on new experimental animals, they either were not accepted by them or grew very slowly. When animals with tumor transplants were treated for 6 weeks with vinblastine (same schedule as above), beginning on the 1st day after transplantation, tumor growth was markedly retarded in every case, but only very seldom the tumor was not accepted. PMID- 7281371 TI - [Experimental investigations on cell loss and cell proliferation of the rat prostate after castration and androgen administration (author's transl)]. AB - The rat prostate was used to investigate cell loss (numeric atrophy) and altered cell proliferation after castration. Cell loss was determined by the proportion of apoptotic bodies. The apoptotic index was considerable and reached a maximum in the coagulating gland on day 2 and in the other prostate lobes between days 4 and 8. Thereafter, cell loss was reduced and finally corresponded to that of control animals. Cell proliferation decreased and soon ceased at all. Androgen administration caused cell increase in all prostate lobes. Following a latent period of 35--40 h, the 3H-labeling index increased with a maximum on day 3. Values then fell and were minimal above control values. Rhythmically interrupted administration of testosterone resulted in a decreased ability to stimulate cell proliferation. This androgen-induced cell proliferation is a useful model for testing cell proliferation of the prostate. The combined determination of cell loss and the cell proliferation, therefore, may be important for the clinical examination of the hormonal responsiveness of prostatic carcinomas. PMID- 7281372 TI - Variation of passive mechanical properties of the ureter along its length. PMID- 7281374 TI - Study of infrasonoric bladder vibrations, rise in blood pressure and headache in tetraplegic patients. Spectral analysis of radioisotope counts during radioisotope renogram. PMID- 7281373 TI - Intrarenal prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in experimental renovascular hypertension. AB - To study the role of renal prostaglandins (PGs) in renovascular hypertension, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha concentrations in both inner and outer medullae of the kidney were measured by radioimmunoassay in rabbits with hypertension produced by left renal artery constriction. In the acute phase, a week after surgery, PGE2 in the inner and outer medullae and PGF2 alpha in the inner medulla were significantly increased in both the constricted and opposite kidneys (p less than 0.01). In chronic phase, 5 weeks after surgery, PGs returned to normal concentrations with the exceptions of PGE2 in the outer medulla and PGF2 alpha in the inner medulla of the constricted kidney. These results suggest that increased renal PGs may not be the cause of hypertension but a defensive reaction to renal ischemia, hypertension and sodium load. PMID- 7281376 TI - Effects of some autonomic drugs on the isolated human minor calyx. AB - The effects of some autonomic drugs on the isolated human minor calyceal strips were investigated quantitatively. Norepinephrine, epinephrine and phenylephrine dose dependently increased the basal tone and the frequency of spontaneous contractions and decreased their amplitudes, which were depressed by phentolamine. Acetylcholine at high doses increased the basal tone and decreased the amplitude, which were depressed by atropine without changing the frequency. These findings indicate the existence of alpha-adrenoceptors and muscarinic receptors in the human minor calyceal smooth muscles. PMID- 7281377 TI - How accurate is ultrasonography in detecting hydronephrosis in azotemic patients? AB - Screening for hydronephrosis continues to be an essential part of the evaluation of patients with azotemia of unknown cause. To determine whether sonography is as reliable as nephrotomography for screening purposes, we carried out a prospective, comparative study. Sixty-two patients were evaluated. Mean serum creatinine was 4.3 mg/dl. Of 116 kidneys, 45 were obstructed according to urographic criteria and 42 of these were correctly called hydronephrotic by sonography. The 3 false negative sonographic studies occurred in 2 patients. All 3 kidneys contained radiopaque calculi visible on the plain abdominal film. Of the 71 nonobstructed kidneys, 5 were mistakenly called hydronephrotic by ultrasound, giving a false positive rate of 7%. We believe it is appropriate to use gray-scale ultrasound as a screening test for urinary obstruction in azotemic patients providing the plain abdominal radiograph shows no calcifications. PMID- 7281375 TI - [Stress and risk of urolith formation. I. The influence of stress on lithogenous urinary substances (author's transl)]. AB - In the present work the influence of stress situations on the concentrations and excretions of lithogenous urinary substances (calcium, oxalic acid, uric acid) has been studied in defined urine portions of 10 calcium oxalate stone patients and 10 normal subjects and the results compared to those of 20 stone patients and 10 normal subjects without stress. Stress may be objectified in the given task. The increase of concentrations and excretions of lithogenous urinary substances indicates an enhanced risk of stone formation. Uric acid is discussed as an agent promoting the calcium oxalate crystallization. New insights on the calcium oxalate stone genesis are gained from the results. PMID- 7281378 TI - Multimodal imaging in evaluation of two cases of adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis. AB - Primary adenocarcinoma arising in the renal pelvis is a rare entity. Two cases are presented in which computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and antegrade pyelography were performed in addition to conventional urographic methods. One patient's multifocal tumor involving several calyces was best demonstrated by ultrasound; the other patient's centrally placed pelvic mass was seen by CT. Adenocarcinomas are etiologically linked to repeated infection. Although it has been stated in previous reviews that the diagnosis of malignancy is seldom made preoperatively in these patients, the use of CT, ultrasound, and antegrade pyelography allowed the diagnosis to be made prospectively in both cases. PMID- 7281379 TI - Effect of iodinated contrast material on the determination of serum creatinine. PMID- 7281381 TI - Milk of calcium and ureterocele. PMID- 7281380 TI - Gallium-67 scans in renal tumors. PMID- 7281382 TI - Obstructed ureterocele with milk of calcium. PMID- 7281383 TI - Ureteral intussusception caused by fibrous ureteral polyp. PMID- 7281384 TI - Acute urate nephropathy induced by Ticrynafen and exacerbated by urographic contrast medium. PMID- 7281385 TI - CT of renal pseudotumor secondary to anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 7281386 TI - Secondary foci of primary tumors of the bladder in the upper urinary tract. AB - In 10 years the authors have observed 16 cases of upper urinary tract tumors, appearing from 2 to 16 years after the initial diagnosis of bladder carcinoma. Such lesions are more frequent than has been suggested in the literature and represent 25% of all tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter seen in our service during this period. We have shown vesicoureteral reflux directly in 6 cases, indirectly in a further 6 with suggestive signs in 3 more. We believe that reflux causing the implantation of desquamated tumor cells from the bladder tumor is the most important pathogenetic mechanism for upper urinary tract "recurrences." The interval between the initial diagnosis of bladder tumor and the appearance of secondary foci may be longer than 20 years. Prolonged surveillance is therefore necessary, particularly if vesicoureteral reflux has been shown. PMID- 7281387 TI - Advancing V-flap dismembered pyeloplasty. AB - Advancing V-flap dismembered pyeloplasty reconstruction of obstructive ureteropelvic function was used in 31 patients. This modification of the dismembered pyeloplasty compares well in the long-term follow-up when matched with 57 patients treated with other types of dismembered pyeloplasty. Foley Y-V (11 cases), Scardino (4 cases), and Culp (2 cases) pyeloplasties are included in this follow-up of our 105 cases. PMID- 7281388 TI - Bilateral or unilateral ureteroneocystostomy for unilateral reflux. AB - Thirty-five cases of unilateral reflux treated by ipsilateral ureteroneocystostomy have been reviewed to determine the incidence of subsequent contralateral reflux. The low incidence (11 per cent) suggests that bilateral reimplant should not be performed routinely in patients undergoing surgery for unilateral reflux. Analysis of this group of patients failed to show any preoperative findings which would help to predict those in whom contralateral reflux is most likely to develop. Our study and the review of the literature suggest that those who demonstrate reflux in the contralateral ureter at any time prior to surgery are more likely to reflux subsequently; therefore, in this group of patients bilateral reimplantation is indicated. PMID- 7281389 TI - Prevention of ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis by continuous bladder irrigation. AB - To prevent hemorrhagic cystitis induced by ifosfamide, continuous bladder irrigation with 3,000 ml. of saline per day was performed in 8 patients. Ifosfamide was given by an intravenous infusion one to two hours at a dose of either 1,600 to 1,950 mg./m2 daily for three days, or 1,430 to 1,480 mg./m2 daily for five days. Gross hematuria was induced in none and microscopic hematuria in one during 24 courses of treatment. There was no complication associated with catheter placement, other than urethral discomfort in 1 patient. Thus this appears to be a useful and effective method. PMID- 7281390 TI - Anterior sacral meningocele. PMID- 7281391 TI - Neonatal perirenal urinary extravasation with posterior urethral valves. AB - Renal dysplasia and atrophy are associated with congenital urinary tract obstruction, such as posterior urethral valves, and are thought to result from the increased pressure in the developing obstructed urinary system. This increased pressure is likely to be alleviated by perirenal urinary extravasation and urinary ascites. Whether this relief of pressure in the obstructed developing kidney results in a lessened degree of renal abnormality is likely to depend on the time during the period of gestation when the urinary leak occurs and the degree of renal dysplasia and atrophy at the time of the urinary leak. PMID- 7281392 TI - Experience with germ cell tumors of testicle at University of Iowa. AB - Between 1964 and 1979, 219 patients with germ cell testicular tumors were treated at the University of Iowa. In 79 nonseminomatous germ cell tumors various chemotherapeutic regimens were used. The response, salvage, and survival rates are compared. There is a definite trend toward better response rates and survival using the combination cisplatinum, vinblastine (Velban), and bleomycin. With this combination, 75 per cent of Stage II and III patients survived two years. The over-all response rate was 85 per cent, and 87 per cent of those with a complete response survived two years. Eighty per cent of deaths occurred within two years and 90 per cent within three years. PMID- 7281393 TI - Cavernous hemangioma of testis causing acute testicular infarction. AB - The sixth case of cavernous hemangioma of the testis is reported. The patient presented with acute testicular infarction, consistent with the tendency of this benign tumor to cause testicular atrophy. The importance of this tumor is in the differential diagnosis of malignant testis tumor. PMID- 7281394 TI - Megalourethra with posterior urethral valves. AB - A case of posterior urethral valves and scaphoid megalourethra is presented. We believe this is the first report to document the association of these two anomalies, although urethral valves have been reported in at least 2 patients with saccular anterior urethral diverticula. Although fusiform megalourethra is often associated with other genitourinary anomalies, the scaphoid type is thought to be an isolated defect. This report would suggest that patients with either type of megalourethra should have complete urologic investigation. PMID- 7281396 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis: rare occurrence in young male. AB - Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis was encountered in a twenty-one year-old white man. Review of the literature shows this tumor to be rare in individuals less than thirty years of age. PMID- 7281395 TI - Bilateral ureteral injury secondary to single, low velocity gunshot wound. PMID- 7281397 TI - Malignant (androblastoma) Sertoli cell tumor of testes. AB - A case of malignant testicular tumor which originated in the Sertoli cells is reported. Metastases were studied by aortography and computerized axial tomography. The tumor presented no clinical evidence of hormonal activity and a long recurrence-free survival. PMID- 7281398 TI - Technique for bilateral orchiectomy leaving epididymis. PMID- 7281400 TI - Adenocarcinoma of rete testis. PMID- 7281399 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of prostate gland. AB - A case of leiomyosarcoma of the prostate is presented. The patient was successfully treated with transperineal radon seed implantation and external irradiation. The five-year, disease-free survival suggests that such patients can benefit from this therapeutic approach. PMID- 7281401 TI - Case profile: multiple radiopacities--renal or extrarenal? PMID- 7281405 TI - Stone basket retrieval. PMID- 7281404 TI - Acute renal failure, contrast media, and computer tomography. AB - Acute renal failure (ARF) is recognized as a potential hazard of intravenous administration of radiologic contrast media (RCM). We present a case of contrast induced ARF which was first detected on an unenhanced computed tomographic examination of the abdomen. A number of postulated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ARF are discussed. Multiple factors are associated with an increased probability of ARF when contrast material is given intravenously. The significance of advanced age as a risk factor is discussed. Certain predisposing circumstances are amenable to correction by the radiologist, thereby diminishing the chance of causing contrast-induced ARF. PMID- 7281402 TI - Unusual radiographic findings in ectopic ureterocele. AB - A case of an ectopic ureterocele with a cystic dysplastic upper pole and atretic proximal ureter was studied. A four-month follow-up showed marked decrease in the size of the dysplastic upper pole which is explained on an embryologic and pathophysiologic basis. PMID- 7281403 TI - CAT scanning in staging of prostatic cancer. AB - Forty-six patients with histologically proved adenocarcinoma of the prostate underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy after CAT scanning. The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the CAT scan in detecting nodal metastasis were 70, 93 and 30 per cent, respectively; this compares favorably with pedal lymphangiography. Seventeen of the patients had radical prostatectomy. The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the CAT scan in depicting local extent of the tumor were 47, 100, and 18 per cent, respectively; although low, no other clinical or biochemical method provides a better result. PMID- 7281406 TI - Intraoperative renal calculus imaging. PMID- 7281407 TI - Pathophysiology of vascular consequences of experimental concussive brain injury. PMID- 7281409 TI - Graduate medical evaluation: present and future. PMID- 7281408 TI - Left atrial transport function. AB - These studies show that the left atrial booster pump action serves as a supercharger which can increase left ventricular stroke volume in the range of 25 percent; and in patients with aortic stenosis, stroke work in the range of 50 percent (4). These changes can occur in the face of increased resistance to left ventricular filling in clinical conditions such as aortic stenosis where there is diminished left ventricular compliance and in mitral stenosis where there is stenotic resistance to left ventricular filling from the atrium. In spite of this fact, assessment of left atrial function by measurement of cardiac output changes occurring after return from atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm yields erratic and confusing results. The reason for this is that atrial function, per se, is not a primary determinant of steady state cardiac output. Sequential A-V pacing may temporarily increase stroke volume in an acute setting like myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, one cannot infer from such observations that the use of permanent transvenous A-V sequential pacing will augment steady state cardiac output over a period of time. This is an important point to remember when considering the use of sequential A-V pacing, since it requires insertion of more complicated pacing and sensing wires as well as a more complex circuitry. All of these features lead to an increased risk of pacemaker malfunction. This increased risk of malfunction is not justified unless there is good evidence that atrial contribution is important in a given patient. PMID- 7281410 TI - Current indications for surgery in primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7281411 TI - The medical effects of radioactive fall-out: role of stable end-products? AB - To summarize, from preliminary observations on the possible effects of radioactive fall-out, it may be inferred that in addition to the secondary products of ionizing irradiation per se, the stable end-products of the transmutation of certain radionuclides may adversely influence cellular metabolism, including mutagenesis. The discussion of the possible role of intracellular barium as an end-product of 137Cs decay is offered as an example of an unpredictable number of broad ecological, as well as the more limited medical, effects that may be of both clinical and climatological significance. PMID- 7281412 TI - Refugee medicine in Thailand. PMID- 7281417 TI - Current concepts of pain mechanisms. PMID- 7281413 TI - Medical relief work among Cambodian refugees in Thailand. PMID- 7281414 TI - Requirements for the efficient use and precise interpretation of diagnostic tests. PMID- 7281415 TI - Cancer: crab or chimera? The clinical implications of cancer cell heterogeneity. PMID- 7281418 TI - [Individually tolerable intraocular pressure in glaucoma]. PMID- 7281419 TI - [Cataract extraction with corneal incision (late results)]. PMID- 7281416 TI - The Gordon Wilson Lecture: viruses and chronic neurological diseases. PMID- 7281421 TI - [New operation for myopia and its results]. PMID- 7281420 TI - [Mechanism of the therapeutic action of laser irradiation in ciliochoroidal detachment]. PMID- 7281422 TI - [Surgical technic in high progressive myopia]. PMID- 7281423 TI - [Surgical technic in progressive myopia]. PMID- 7281424 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of uveitis in children]. PMID- 7281426 TI - [Fluorescence angiography of the conjunctival perilimbic area in hypertension]. PMID- 7281427 TI - [Late results of filling the anterior chamber with blood in acute keratoconus]. PMID- 7281425 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of Graefe-Usher syndrome]. PMID- 7281428 TI - [Diagnostic potentials of Polaroid mesoptometry]. PMID- 7281429 TI - [Effect of repeated tonometry and the measurement errors of tonometric prints]. PMID- 7281431 TI - [Clinical capillaroscopy and capillarography of the bulbar conjunctiva]. PMID- 7281430 TI - [New PZ-01 device for studying visual acuity in children and adults]. PMID- 7281432 TI - [Device for the purpose of objective colorimetry of the fundus oculi]. PMID- 7281433 TI - [Case of central chorioretinal dystrophy after job exposure to x-rays]. PMID- 7281434 TI - [Prosthesis in congenital microphthalmos and anophthalmos]. PMID- 7281435 TI - [Positional pilocarpine test for the early detection of closed-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7281436 TI - [Experience in using silicone contact lenses after an anterior keratotomy operation]. PMID- 7281437 TI - [Single-pulse laser iridectomy]. PMID- 7281438 TI - [Complex ultrasonic diagnosis of traumatic retinal detachment]. PMID- 7281439 TI - [150 implants of the "suspended"-modification extrapupillary iris lens]. PMID- 7281440 TI - [Dermazin in the combined treatment of corneal burns]. PMID- 7281441 TI - [Surgical treatment experience with strabismus in children in a 1-day-stay hospital]. PMID- 7281442 TI - [Etiological structure and age characteristics of keratitis in children]. PMID- 7281444 TI - [Peripheral uveitis in childhood]. PMID- 7281443 TI - [Pathogenetic forms of influenzal infection of the eye]. PMID- 7281446 TI - [C-reactive protein content of the blood in diseases of the eye and its adnexa]. PMID- 7281448 TI - [Dystrophy of the connective tissue base of a pterygium]. PMID- 7281445 TI - [Ocular tissue lysosomal glycosidases in superficial and deep forms of experimental ophthalmic herpes]. PMID- 7281447 TI - [Experimental interrelation between the coefficient of rigidity, eye volume and scleral modulus of elasticity]. PMID- 7281449 TI - [Local amyloidosis of the cornea]. PMID- 7281450 TI - [Surgical removal of an intraocular cysticercus]. PMID- 7281451 TI - [Efficacy of prophylactic diathermic coagulation of the sclera in diascleral removal of intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 7281452 TI - [Prosthesis of subatrophic and atrophic eyes]. PMID- 7281454 TI - [Modification in the design of th Karl Zeiss (GDR) spheroperimeter]. PMID- 7281453 TI - [Photostress test indices in operators of ultrasonic defectoscopes]. PMID- 7281455 TI - [Ultrasonic activation of the trabeculae in glaucoma]. PMID- 7281456 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the results of glaucoma-control operations in open angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7281457 TI - Inappropriate marrow release of hematopoietic precursors in three dogs. PMID- 7281458 TI - Hypothyroid myopathy in two dogs. AB - Biopsy specimens of skeletal muscle and peripheral nerve from two dogs with primary hypothyroidism but without clinical neuromuscular disease were studied with histological, histochemical and morphometric techniques. The most prominent change in skeletal muscle was variation in fiber size associated with a pronounced reduction in mean diameter of type II fibers. Type II fiber loss was apparent in the specimen from one dog. No histological or morphometric differences were noted in nerves from either dog compared with an age-matched control. The myopathic findings suggest a preferential metabolic defect in type II muscle fibers. PMID- 7281459 TI - Porcine abortions associated with Fungi, Actinomycetes, and Rhodococcus sp. AB - History, lesions, and results of microbiologic examinations are given for four porcine abortions associated with fungi and one each associated with Actinomadura madurae, an aerobic actinomycete, and Rhodococcus sp. The fungi were Gliomastix sp., Petriellidium boydii, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Exophiala jeanselmei. Parvovirus, isolated from one fetus, was the only other infectious agent identified. The presence of fungi, Actinomadura madurae, and Rhodococcus sp. in fetal and placental lesions indicates that they are a primary cause of sporadic abortion in pigs. PMID- 7281460 TI - Nonhematopoietic gastrointestinal neoplasia in cats: a retrospective study of 44 cases. AB - Gastrointestinal neoplasms other than lymphosarcomas and mast cell tumors were diagnosed in 44 cats during a 14-year period at the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory. All the tumors were malignant; 31 metastasized or recurred. One cat had fibrosarcoma; another, leiomyosarcoma. The other 42 cats had adenocarcinomas, which were subclassified into three histologic patterns: tubular adenocarcinoma; undifferentiated carcinoma; and mucinous adenocarcinoma. The cats averaged 10.6 years of age. There was no sex predisposition. Siamese cats had a higher frequency of adenocarcinomas than other breeds. Osseous and chondroid metaplasia occurred in nine adenocarcinomas. PMID- 7281461 TI - Urban rats as chronic carriers of leptospirosis: an ultrastructural investigation. AB - Kidneys of six wild-trapped, adult Norway rats with high agglutinating titers to Leptospira icterohaemmorhagiae were examined ultrastructurally. Although many leptospires were seen in the lumen of proximal kidney tubules, few changes in epithelial cells of this region were found. The predominant lesion in chronic rat leptospirosis was diffuse interstitial nephritis. Principal kidney lesions were proximal tubule cell basement membrane thickening with or without the presence of granular particles, and an interstitial response that varied from mixed hypercellular to chiefly plasmacytic. The association of leptospires with membrane-bound protein droplets of the proximal kidney tubules may be important in the maintenance of the chronic carrier state in rat leptospirosis. PMID- 7281462 TI - Mycotoxicosis caused by a single dose of T-2 toxin or diacetoxyscirpenol in broiler chickens. AB - T-2 toxin (3-hydroxy-4,15-diacetoxy-8-[3-methyl-butyrloxy]-12,13-epoxy-delta 9 trichothecene) and diacetoxyscirpenol, structurally similar trichothecene mycotoxins, in dimethylsulfoxide:saline (1:9 v/v) solvent, were given by crop gavage to 7-day-old male broiler chickens. Selected birds were killed at 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 72, and 168 hours post-treatment. The lesions induced by the two toxins were similar, but were more severe in chicks given T-2 toxin. Necrosis of lymphoid tissue and bone marrow began one hour after treatment with T-2 toxin, and was followed by rapid cell depletion. Cell repletion also was rapid, occurring by hour 24 in mildly injured tissues from birds given diacetoxyscirpenol and by hours 72 and 168 in more severely injured tissues from chickens given T-2 toxin. Hepatic lesions were multiple foci of cell necrosis resolved rapidly and the inflammatory cell reaction was minimal. Necrosis of gall bladder epithelium and secondary cholecystitis followed hepatic cell necrosis. In the alimentary tract, necrosis of the epithelium on the tips of villi in the duodenum was followed by necrosis of the epithelium of villi and crypts in the small and large intestine, and of mucosal epithelium of the proventriculus and ventriculus. Atrophy of intestinal villi and fewer mitotic figures were seen by 18 hours after treatment. The alimentary tract epithelium, however, looked normal by hour 72. Lesions in the integument, including necrosis of feather epidermis and of the follicular epidermis at the neck of the feather follicle, occurred at 12 to 24 hours after treatment. PMID- 7281463 TI - Monensin toxicosis in broiler chickens. AB - Chickens treated at seven weeks of age with 150, 200, or 250 mg of crystalline monensin sodium/kg body weight had signs of toxicosis, including extreme weakness, anorexia, paralysis and death. Gross lesions included emaciation, generalized congestion, myocardial enlargement and pallor, and hydropericardium. Samples of ventricular myocardium, superficial pectoralis (white fibers), anterior latissimus dorsi (intermediate fibers), and sartorius muscles (mixed red, intermediate, and white fibers) were examined by light microscope. Intermyofibrillar vacuolation, histochemically positive for neutral fat, was severe in the myocardium and red muscle fibers and moderate in the intermediate muscle fibers. Myofiber necrosis was limited to the red muscle fibers. Mitochondrial degeneration was apparent in myocardial sections from several chickens. Interstitial infiltration by macrophages and heterophils was common in the myocardium and aerobic skeletal muscle. PMID- 7281464 TI - Aerosol Q fever infection of the nude mouse. AB - Athymic nude mice and euthymic littermate controls were exposed to 10(4) Coxiella burnetii organisms by small-particle aerosol. Antibody response with and without 2-mercaptoethanol treatment of serum was determined at various intervals after infection and serial kills were done to determine morphologic changes in both mouse phenotypes. Total antibody titers determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique to phase I and phase II C. burnetii were identical for both groups of mice. Microagglutinin titers determined on days 28 and 33 were abolished by 2-mercaptoethanol treatment of serum from both phenotypes, indicating that the antibody probably resided in the IgM fraction. Microscopically, the reaction to C. burnetii infection was similar in nude and euthymic mice on days 7 and 14. Later, the number and size of lesions attributable to Q fever diminished in euthymic mice. Infection was progressive in nude mice, with macrophage infiltration of most tissues, especially spleen and liver. Numerous rickettsiae were seen by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy in phagocytic vesicles of macrophages, many of which were dilated, giving the macrophage a vacuolated appearance. Results suggest that clearance of C. burnetii infection in mice is independent upon thymus-derived lymphocytes. PMID- 7281465 TI - Lesions of the enamel organ of developing dog teeth following experimental inoculation of gnotobiotic puppies with canine distemper virus. AB - Ten 7-day-old gnotobiotic Beagle puppies were inoculated intraperitoneally with virulent canine distemper virus (R252-CDV). The dogs were killed and perfused with paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde from eight to 36 days after inoculation. The developing teeth of the mandibles were examined by light microscopy, and the teeth from three dogs were examined by electron microscopy. Necrosis of individual cells in the stratum intermedium of the developing tooth was the first change, detectable at day 9 post-inoculation. At day 16 post-inoculation, there was disorganization of the ameloblasts. In the stratum intermedium, multinucleate giant cells and large eosinophilic cytoplasmic viral inclusions were prominent. Ultrastructurally, these inclusions consisted of clusters of tubular aggregates typical of canine distemper virus nucleocapsids. At 28 to 36 days post inoculation, the changes were seen in the reduced enamel epithelium. Multinucleate cells were seen, but no inclusions. Some necrotic cells were seen. In these teeth, ameloblastic cells of the root were morphologically normal. Our results suggest that distemper virus affects developing teeth by direct infection of the enamel organ. PMID- 7281466 TI - Ultrastructural studies on lymphocytes in canine neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. PMID- 7281467 TI - Focal glomerulosclerosis-like disease with nephrotic syndrome in a horse. PMID- 7281468 TI - Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma in the urinary bladder of a dog. PMID- 7281469 TI - Intramedullary spinal ependymoma in a dog. PMID- 7281471 TI - The prognostic significance of different histomorphologic features in chondrosarcoma. AB - Cellularity, mitotic rate and nuclear size were determined objectively in 47 chondrosarcomas. Grading was also performed, according to the systems of O'Neal and Ackerman and of Evans. The survival rate and incidence of metastases 10 years after diagnosis were calculated. The prognostic significance of the objectively determined cytological parameters was investigated. The accuracy of determination of these cytological parameters by grading (Evans) was also analyzed. Nuclear size seemed to be the best prognostic parameter, while cellularity appeared to be the strongest determinant for grading. Gross differences of nuclear size can be assessed visually, while more subtle, although prognostically significant, differences can only be determined by objective means. The results of this study indicate that the mere determination of nuclear size by objective means may give significant prognostic information, which is equal to, or even better than, conventional grading of chondrosarcoma. PMID- 7281470 TI - Electron microscopic search for retrovirus particles in spontaneous tumors of the parakeet. PMID- 7281472 TI - An ultrastructural and morphometric study of bladder tumours (I). PMID- 7281473 TI - Non-invasive thymoma with widespread blood-borne metastasis. AB - A 49 year-old woman with multiple coin lesions in both lungs died three months after admission to hospital for progressive neurologic manifestations due to increasing intracranial pressure. At autopsy, neoplastic lesions were found in the anterior mediastinum, lungs, spleen, cerebrum, liver, right kidney and right ovary. Microscopically, the tumor was composed predominantly of epithelial cells which were arranged in an hemangiopericytoma-like pattern. Rosette formation was also prominent. This case was diagnosed as a thymoma with widespread blood-borne metastasis. Previous reports of metastasizing thymomas are very uncommon. PMID- 7281474 TI - Mitotic count in seminomas--an unreliable criterion for distinguishing between classical and anaplastic types. AB - Testicular seminomas occur in various forms of which the classical, the spermatocytic, and that with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells are distinctly defined. Anaplastic seminomas, however, are less clearly distinguished. Forty five seminomas, 39 pure and 6 combined tumors, were examined from the perspective of the current definition that 3 or more mitoses per high power field (m/hpf) distinguish the anaplastic from the classical form. Our resultant yield of over 80% of "anaplastic" seminomas is clearly incompatible with general clinical experience, indicating that the arbitrary criterion of 3 m/hpf does not segregate anaplastic forms from neoplasms that are mitotically active but relatively non aggressive. Moreover, the evidence indicates that mitotic activity does not adequately define a tumor form that is near the undifferentiated end of the spectrum which extends from "embryonal carcinoma" to the spermatocytic type. If it should prove, however, that the mitotic rate must be used as an arbitrary watershed criterion until a more reliable one is found, it should then be set at more than 5 m/hpf, yielding a percentage of anaplastic seminomas (about 9%) that is compatible with clinical experience. PMID- 7281475 TI - Embryology of the ventricular septum. Separate origin of its components. AB - The formation of the ventricular septum was studied in human embryos ranging from 3.6 to 25 mm CR-length. Before septation, two distinct chambers are present which will contribute to the adult ventricles. They are called the bulbus and the ventricle. The circular constriction between these chambers is the bulboventricular fold. The anterior portion of the ventricular septum develops from this bulboventricular fold. Posteriorly, it fuses with a second septum, which is of purely ventricular origin. This is the inlet septum. Another portion of the bulboventricular fold persists as the trabecula septomarginalis. The trabecula septomarginalis divides the normal right ventricle into an inlet portion, stemming from the embryonic ventricle, and an outlet portion which derives from the bulbus. PMID- 7281476 TI - Polymorphic reticulosis (lethal midline granuloma) and lymphomatoid granulomatosis: identical or distinct entities? AB - Two cases of polymorphic reticulosis were studied. Both cases had a fatal clinical course, that of the second case being rapid and progressive and ending 6 months after the onset of the disease with little demonstrable effect of steroid therapy. Biopsy material was obtained in both patients, and both were submitted to a post-mortem examination. The first case showed typical angiocentric, angiodestructive, polymorphous lymphoreticular infiltrates, involving the pharyngeal region and the tongue. The second case demonstrated these same lesions in the midfacial region, the lungs and the skin. A possible identify between polymorphic reticulosis and lymphomatoid granulomatosis is discussed (because of the coexistence of identical lesions in the midfacial region and in the lung parenchyma in the second case). Wegener's granulomatosis in limited and disseminated forms and malignant lymphoma are considered in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 7281478 TI - Early glomerular lesions in amyloidosis. Electronmicroscopic findings. AB - Our investigations on early glomerular changes in renal amyloidosis showed the following: 1. In some renal biopsies, amyloid was demonstrated in the mesangial matrix predominantly and could be seen penetrating through the basement membrane of the mesangial region into the subepithelial space of adjacent glomerular capillaries. 2. In other biopsies, showing the same severity of amyloidosis, deposits were demonstrated in the mesangium and in the capillary walls distant from the mesangium on both sides of the basement membrane. There was no apparent connection between the deposits in these two areas. 3. On the basis of the morphological changes found in the cytoplasm of the mesangial cells, the glomerular epithelial cells and partly also in the endothelial cells, supported by our electron microscopic findings in the immediate vicinity of these cells, we come to the conclusion that amyloid in the glomerulus is formed from amyloid precursors brought via the blood stream. 4. Amyloid fibrils may be formed in the extracellular space of the glomerulus under the influence of lysosomal enzymes released from epithelial, mesangial and perhaps endothelial cells, by action of these enzymes on extracellularly deposited amyloid precursors. PMID- 7281477 TI - Ultrastructural changes of bone marrow in canine cyclic hematopoiesis (CH dog). A sequential study. PMID- 7281479 TI - Bilateral dysgenetic polycystic parotid glands. Morphological analysis and differential diagnosis of a rare disease of the salivary glands. PMID- 7281480 TI - Observations on the ultrastructure and function of the so-called "microfold" or "membraneous" cells (M cells) by means of peroxidase as a tracer. PMID- 7281481 TI - An electron microscopical study of the influence of different glycosaminoglycans on the fibrillogenesis of collagen type I and II in vitro. AB - Proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) bind to collagen, and thus influence fibril formation. Polysaccharides interfere with the aggregation of collagen molecules and affect pattern formation. The morphological structure of type I and type II collagen was studied after adding different GAG to collagen solutions in test tubes in vitro. Electron microscopical investigations suggest that sulfated GAG change the aggregation behaviour of collagen molecules. Thus, the cross-striation pattern is changed. This effect seems to be based on the degree of sulfatation and not on the molecular weight of the GAG. Furthermore, GAG appear to have a stabilizing influence on the in vitro fibril formation. PMID- 7281483 TI - Histopathological characteristics and oestrogen receptor content in primary breast carcinoma. AB - 159 primary breast carcinomas were examined histologically with regard to grade of anaplasia, cellularity, amount of elastic tissue, and whether they were of ductal or lobular origin. Possible correlations between these variables and the oestrogen receptor (OR)-content were investigated. There was a marked tendency toward a greater number of OR-positive tumors in the group rich in elastosis. A significant correlation between the OR-content and the histological grade was found, whereas there was no correlation between either the OR-content or the grade of anaplasia and the cellularity. Furthermore, the group of tumors that were lobular in derivation had a significantly greater number of OER-positive tumors than the group ductally derived. PMID- 7281482 TI - Morphology of foci of altered hepatocytes and naturally-occurring hepatocellular tumors in F344 rats. AB - The morphology of liver tumors of F344 rats used as controls in carcinogenesis bioassays were studied. Foci of cellular alteration composed of hepatocytes with basophilic cytoplasm were found commonly in F344 rats, 2 years of age. Eosinophilic and vacuolated foci were considerably less common. The morphology of 67 nodular hepatic lesions indicated that 54 were neoplastic nodules and 13 hepatocellular carcinomas. The majority of these tumors were composed of basophilic hepatocytes. Some of the carcinomas appeared to arise within neoplastic nodules. No tumors metastasized. PMID- 7281484 TI - Massive ovarian oedema with production of testosterone. AB - Clinical, biochemical, light- and electron microscopic, and immunocytochemical findings of a 13 1/2 year old girl with delayed menarche and signs of virilization due to massive oedema of the left ovary with activation of stromal cells (hyperthecosis) are presented. Testosterone and oestradiol production by large cells in the voluminous ovary was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Massive ovarian oedema may result from partial or intermittent torsion of the mesovary interfering with venous and lymphatic drainage, but not with arterial blood flow. PMID- 7281488 TI - Development of caries sicca in a dry calvaria. PMID- 7281489 TI - The thymus as haematopoietic tissue of non-lymphoid cells. AB - Non-lymphoid haematopoiesis in the thymus was studied in 33 cases ranging from 14 weeks gestation up to 15 months postnatally. All thymuses displayed focally granulopoiesis in the connective tissue septa and in the lymphoid tissue, where it was localized in the peripheral cortex and at the cortico-medullary junction. Within the lymphoid tissue the granulocytic series showed many precursor cells with large rounded nuclei. Their origin could only be identified by the naphtol AS D chloroacetate esterase stain. In cases with thymic atrophy these precursor cells were present in relatively large numbers. Within the connective tissue septa many granulocytes with nuclear segmentation were intermingled with precursor cells. The erythroid series were detected with an immunohistochemical method for demonstration of haemoglobin. The positively stained nucleated cells occurred mainly in nests mostly localized in the peripheral cortex. These precursor cells were usually found in different places from the granulopoietic cells. No megakaryocytes were found. With appropriate techniques non-lymphoid haematopoiesis can be demonstrated in the developing thymus and must be considered as an expression of normal growth. PMID- 7281487 TI - [Ultrastructure of endocardial lesions in the carcinoid syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - In a 67-year-old female patient with metastasising carcinoid of the small intestine there were right-sided endocardial plaques characteristic of the carcinoid syndrome. Ultrastructurally, the lesions showed proliferation of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts, which were surrounded by basement-membrane-like material and occasionally showed intercellular connections of the macula adhaerens type. The ground substance consisted of acid mucopolysaccharides, normal collagen fibrils, and microfibrils. The endocardial plaques in the carcinoid syndrome differ morphologically from other endocardial lesions by the lack of amorphous elastin. The formation of plaques and its relation to the endocrine activity of the carcinoid tumors is discussed, and pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 7281486 TI - Fine structure of a malignant hemangioendothelioma of the esophagus. AB - The histology and electron-microscopy of a malignant hemangioendothelioma of the esophagus wall appearing in a 42 year old male is presented. By light microscopy the tumor is composed of vessels and capillary-like structures of an anastomosing nature covered by atypical endothelial cells. These cells infiltrate the interstitial spaces growing into the posterior mediastinal area. Electron microscopy confirms the endothelial nature of the neoplastic cells, showing characteristics of the cell type, as is the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies, filaments and active pinocytosis. Hemangioendothelioma should be differentiated from other vascular tumors (angiosarcoma) as are hemangiopericytoma or hemangioblastoma, being composed exclusively of malignantly transformed endothelial cells. PMID- 7281485 TI - Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. PMID- 7281490 TI - Primary intestinal lymphomas. PMID- 7281492 TI - Malignant lymphoma of true histiocytic origin: histiocytic sarcoma. A morphological, ultrastructural, immunological, cytochemical and clinical study of 10 cases. AB - Ten tumors of true histiocytic origin (Histiocytic Sarcoma) are presented. The tumor cells were identified as histiocytes by immunological, cytochemical and ultrastructural criteria (cytoplasmic lysozyme activity, presence of C3 and Fc gamma receptor, strong acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity, presence of lysosomes, absence of cell junctions and evidence of phagocytosis). The tumors identified in this way showed the following histological characteristics: diffuse proliferation of large tumor cells with ample cytoplasm, containing granular or occasionally diffuse diastase resistant PAS positive material, erythrophagocytosis, and haemosiderin pigment. The large or enormous nuclei were irregular, with occasional deep indentations, sharply defined nuclear membrane, coarse chromatin and conspicuous nucleoli. Despite the uniformity of these criteria differences in presence of alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and 5 Nucleotidase activity and the number of lysosomes in the cytoplasm were found. The findings are suggestive of a spectrum of cytological in these Histiocytic Sarcomas. The clinical picture ranged from monolocalization in a lymphoid organ to that of a diffuse Malignant Histiocytosis. The relationship between good response to therapy and complete remission and the absence of alpha 1-antitrypsin and a high number of lysosomes is discussed. PMID- 7281493 TI - Warthin tumor exhibiting sebaceous differentiation and necrotizing sialometaplasia. AB - A case of Warthin tumor exhibiting sebaceous differentiation and necrotizing sialometaplasia is presented. This case suggests a common histogenesis for the Warthin tumor and sebaceous lymphadenoma. It supports the theory that necrotizing sialometaplasia is caused by factors which compromise or obstruct the blood supply to salivary gland tissues. The literature on sebaceous differentiation in Warthin tumor and on necrotizing sialometaplasia is reviewed. PMID- 7281491 TI - Hypertension and arteriolar sclerosis of the kidney, pancreas, adrenal gland, and liver. AB - Replicate slides of autopsy specimens (kidney, pancreas, adrenal glands, and liver) from 66 hospital patients who had lengthy outpatient records of their blood pressure levels were randomized and graded blindly for the severity of hypertensive fibroproliferative-mediodegeneration lesions of arterioles (arplasia). For all four tissues, the severity of lesions correlated significantly with the level of the blood pressure. Between blood pressure and lesions the correlation coefficient was significantly smaller (P Less Than 0.01) for liver and adrenal than for kidney. The correlation coefficient was also smaller for pancreas than for kidney, but the statistical significance of the difference (0.3 Greater Than P Greater Than 0.2) was not conclusive. The results tend to confirm the conclusions of the classic 1937 report of Moritz and Oldt, adding strength to their generalization that "Arteriolar sclerosis is the most common cause of chronic hypertension." PMID- 7281494 TI - An unusual case of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia with an abnormal perilacunar matrix associated with agranulocytosis and hypoplasia of the thymus. AB - We report herein an unusual skeletal dysplasia in a 6-month-old boy characterized by metaphyseal dysplasia associated with agranulocytosis and hypoplasia of the thymus. A radiological survey revealed generalized metaphyseal abnormalities showing widening and increased density. Pathological changes in the chondro osseous tissues were unusual and distinctive. There was widespread evidence of abnormal chondrocytes with an abnormal perilacunar matrix containing a PAS positive, diastase resistant substance. Chondrocyte maturation and regular columnar arrangement were absent in most growth plates with only scattered ball like nests of chrondrocytes showing incomplete maturation. This case is a newly described form of osteochondrodysplasia. PMID- 7281495 TI - Effects of irradiation on the submandibular gland of the rat. An enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - Single-dose cervical irradiation by cobalt 60 in rats induced lasting functional disturbances of the submandibular gland which were excessive when compared with the relative integrity of the gland as seen under the light microscope. Enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural studies revealed severe damage shortly after exposure with appearance of karyolytic bodies and autophagosomes accompanied by increased hydrolase activity. Mitochondrial alterations were concomitant with diminished ductal oxidative enzyme activity. Although most of these alterations resolved rapidly as a result of acinar and ductal cell repair and regeneration originating in the intercalated ducts, secretory abnormalities were still observed two months after exposure as evidenced by the accumulation of granules in acinar cells and the heterogeneity of ductal cell granules. These anomalies, comparable to those observed in sialadenoses, probably result from persistent alterations of intralobular nerve endings. PMID- 7281496 TI - Light and electron microscopic study of ear cartilage in a case of relapsing polychondritis evolving under corticoid treatment. AB - Light and electron microscope studies of the ear cartilage in a patient with relapsing polychondritis (RP) under corticoid treatment are reported. Unilateral auricular deformation evolved without inflammatory epidoses and the lesions consisted mainly of marginal erosions filled with fine collagen fibrils and containing degenerating perichondrial cells in their basal parts. Degenerative cells were scattered throughout the perichondrium, but cartilage erosions only occurred when numerous cells were affected in a same area. Cartilage outside the eroded zones did not seem to be modified. Cartilage lesions thus appear to be a result of a chondrocyte renewal defect leading to loss of proteoglycans and elastic fibers, with only collagen remaining. These data suggest that inflammation is probably not the initial pathogenic process responsible for cartilage injury in RP, but that a metabolic defect in perichondrial cells might be involved. PMID- 7281497 TI - Actin containing cells in normal human salivary glands. An immunohistochemical study. PMID- 7281498 TI - Cor biloculare and associated malformations. AB - We report the clinical and autopsy findings of four unusual cases of the rate entity, cor biloculare, collected within a 4-year period. The cases are interesting for (1) the striking similarity of the associated anomalies, in contrast within the diversity of associated anomalies reported before; (2) the greater incidence of anomalous pulmonary and systemic venous return, pulmonic valve malformations and visceral heterotaxia than reported before; and (3) the normal, full-term, uncomplicated pregnancies. Family and gestational histories were unrevealing. All four cases had severe pulmonic valve malformations, pulmonary artery atresia, and visceral heterotaxia. Three of the four had anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and the fourth had anomalous systemic venous drainage. All four cases had polysplenia or asplenia. Correlating these associated anomalies with stages of embryonic development and with various studies of altered embryonic blood flow, suggests an etiologic role for altered blood flow in the development of this complex malformation. PMID- 7281499 TI - The occurrence of extracellular matrix vesicles in pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. AB - Mineralization in pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The disease is characterized by psammoma like calcifications composed of hydroxyapatite crystals. The calcifications were surrounded by typical forming cells and matrix composed of collagen fibers arranged in a longitudinal pattern. Abundant calcifying extracellular matrix vesicles were found between the cells and the calcified fronts. The type of calcification found in the present lesion is similar to ectopic primary mineralization in other diseases, embryonal ossification and bone wound healing. PMID- 7281500 TI - Secreting peritoneal mesothelioma. Report of a case with cytological, ultrastructural, morphometric and histological studies. AB - A 29 year old woman, living in an area with a high level of asbestos exposure, developed the clinical features of peritoneal mesothelioma. The quantitative cytological features differed from those of other mesotheliomas described in the literature in that the tumor cells had a large amount of vacuolated cytoplasm and an extremely low N/C ratio, resulting in a "benign" appearance. The ultrastructural study provided evidence for the production and accumulation of secretory products (mucolipids) by the tumor cells. Treatment with chemotherapy and radiation resulted in temporary remission, lasting for 20 months. However the patient then developed pulmonary involvement of the carcinomatosa a form and pleural tumors. The cytological pattern and the morphometric features of the metastatic floating malignant mesothelial cells in the pleural fluid closely resembled those of the primary peritoneal tumor. This case appears to be an example of secretory peritoneal mesothelioma with a bad prognosis, not withstanding the well-differentiated appearance of the tumor cells. PMID- 7281501 TI - Hepatic glomerulonephritis. Characteristics of hepatic IgA glomerulonephritis as the major part. AB - Glomerular lesions associated with hepatic disease were evaluated. Among 752 consecutive patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis, nephritic urinary changes appeared in 1.0% of chronic hepatitis and 9.2% of cirrhotics, but none in patients with acute or subacute hepatitis. Kidney tissue was obtained from 141 cases, of which 59 underwent immunofluorescent studies. Except for a few with possibly coincidental glomerulonephritis, the main glomerular pathology was mesangial depositive or proliferative lesions with frequent circumferential mesangial interposition. The highest incidence (up to 69.2%) occurred in liver cirrhosis. The glomerular immunohistology was not necessarily homogeneous. In acute or subacute hepatitis, IgG or IgM, if present, was dominant. The more chronic the course the liver disease followed, the more frequently significant IgA deposition emerged, occurring in 60.5% of cirrhotics. The IgA positive cases often disclosed paramesangial dense deposits, which is one of the characteristics of primary IgA nephritis. Hepatic IgA nephritis exhibited a lower nephritogenicity and a proneness to show mesangial interposition when compared with primary or purpuric IgA nephritis. The possible origin of glomerular IgA associated with liver disease is discussed. PMID- 7281502 TI - Hepatic glomerulonephritis. Role of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). AB - A possible role of HBsAg in hepatic glomerulonephritis was evaluated in kidney specimens from 104 patients with various diseases. Huang's method using formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded sections was applied to the kidney from 65 cases. Only 4 (3.8%) with liver cirrhosis had glomerular HBsAg deposition; 3 on frozen and one on paraffin sections. In one case of crescentic glomerulonephritis, HBsAg appeared to have had a pathogenetic role with glomerular immunofluorescence dominant for IgM, less intense IgG and negative IgA. The glomerular HBsAg in the remaining 3 patients with hepatic IgA glomerulonephritis was likely to be concomitant or superimposed. One of them had a nephrotic syndrome for which corticosteroid treatment was given, resulting in a near-complete remission and disappearance of HBsAg in the glomeruli, but the glomerular immunohistology was unaffected by the treatment. The present findings suggest that HBsAg has only a minor role. PMID- 7281503 TI - Ultrastructure of tumors induced in the rat urinary bladder by nitrosomethyldodecylamine. AB - N-Nitroso-N-methyl-n-dodecylamine (NMDA) is a powerful carcinogen in the rat and the Syrian golden hamster. In both species the urinary bladder is the main target organ. We studied the ultrastructure of these bladder tumors in the Fischer rat in some detail, since this compound provides an interesting model for carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder. We found that the proliferating basal layers of the transitional cell carcinomas were undergoing squamous metaplasia, which indicates that squamous carcinomas in the organ may arise from pre-existing transitional cell tumors. PMID- 7281504 TI - IgE associated nephropathy in a patient with subcutaneous eosinophilic lymphoid granuloma (Kimura's disease). AB - A patient with subcutaneous eosinophilic lymphoid granuloma (Kimura's disease) associated with a high serum IgE level and a marked blood eosinophilia, had a glomerulonephritis with electron dense deposits in mesangial, paramesangial, subendothelial, intramembranous and epimembranous areas. By immunofluorescence, all the glomeruli showed predominant depositions of IgE and IgG along the paramesangial areas and capillary walls together with complement components. The germinal centers in the lymph follicles formed in both the subcutaneous granuloma and the kidney interstitium also contained mainly IgE and IgG but no complement components. These features of this disease suggest that the glomerular lesion is one of the systemic manifestations of Kimura's disease. PMID- 7281505 TI - Experimental allergic orchitis in mice. Histopathological and Immunological studies. PMID- 7281506 TI - Repair of gastric ulcer. A cell kinetic study. PMID- 7281507 TI - Solid and cystic acinar cell tumour of the pancreas. A tumour in young women with favourable prognosis. AB - The clinico-pathological features of five cases with a distinctive pancreatic tumour are presented. The tumours, which occurred only in young women and an adolescent girl, were of large size (2.5-10 cm), had an uncharacteristic symptomatology and showed fibrous encapsulation with no evidence of metastases. The histological features include (1) solid areas with a monomorphic cell pattern and intracellular PAS positive globules, and (2) large foci of degeneration with cystic necroses, haemorrhages and cholesterol granulomas. Some tumour cells were positive for alpha1-antitrypsin. The ultrastructural demonstration of zymogen like granules suggests an acinar origin for the tumours. We therefore propose the term solid and cystic acinar cell tumour. This tumour resembles the so called pancreatoblastomas in small children in some respects. It must be clearly distinguished, on the other hand, from acinar cell carcinoma with its acinic structures and poor prognosis. This lesion is not included in the WHO classification of pancreatic neoplasms. PMID- 7281508 TI - Ultrastructure of the normal human aortic media. AB - The ultrastructural organization of the adult human aortic media was studied utilizing aortic biopsies from 14 patients, ranging in age from 28 to 67, who underwent cardiac surgery. Apart from solid elastic elements the tissue spaces contained a vast amount of ill-defined thin streaks of elastin, an observation much facilitated by utilizing a selective elastin staining technique. In favorable sections, these streaks were found to be continuous PMID- 7281509 TI - Renal malakoplakia. Report of a case with giant Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. AB - We report an unusual case of renal malakoplakia appearing as a solitary tumour with spread beyond the confines of the kidney, affecting adjoining organs. The Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were extraordinary large (greater than 100 mu) and contained inconspicuous amounts of lime-salts. Their ultrastructural features, however, were identical with those previously described for Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. PMID- 7281510 TI - Temperature-sensitive host-dependent mutants of Sindbis virus. PMID- 7281511 TI - Genomic and phenotypic divergence among three serotypes of aquatic birnaviruses (infectious pancreatic necrosis virus). PMID- 7281512 TI - Deletion mutants of adenovirus 2: isolation and initial characterization of virus carrying mutations near the right end of the viral genome. PMID- 7281513 TI - Biochemical features of mumps virus neuraminidases and their relationship with pathogenicity. PMID- 7281514 TI - Oncogenicity of gibbon retrovirus determined by leukemia-specific genomic sequences. PMID- 7281515 TI - Inter- and intrahexonal connections between adenovirus hexon polypeptides in the two-dimensional crystalline array. PMID- 7281516 TI - Role of the middle-sized bunyavirus RNA segment in mouse virulence. PMID- 7281518 TI - Electron microscopy of AD5 replicating molecules after in vivo photocrosslinking with trioxsalen. PMID- 7281517 TI - The virus-specific intracellular RNA species of two murine coronaviruses: MHV-a59 and MHV-JHM. PMID- 7281519 TI - [Angina pectoris and the coronary bed in aortic valve disorders]. PMID- 7281520 TI - [Treatment of mechanical failure of the left ventricle using intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation]. PMID- 7281521 TI - [Exercise electrocardiography test in internal medicine]. PMID- 7281522 TI - [Prognostic importance of ergometric examination in men in the 6th decade of life]. PMID- 7281523 TI - [Preoperative examination of respiratory function in chronic disease]. PMID- 7281524 TI - [Monitoring heart rhythm disorders in advanced obstructive bronchitis using the Memoport system. I. Methods of examination, incidence and characteristics of rhythm disorders]. PMID- 7281526 TI - [Importance of hemodynamic monitoring in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7281525 TI - [Status of the circulatory system in hikers from 40 to 67 years of age participating in long hikes]. PMID- 7281527 TI - [Validity of cumulative test criteria in liver diseases - Part I]. PMID- 7281528 TI - [Validity of cumulative test criteria in liver diseases - Part II]. PMID- 7281529 TI - [Psychiatric problems in the national defense system]. PMID- 7281530 TI - [Incidence of psychiatric disorders and their medical and evacuation implications in recent and future wars]. PMID- 7281532 TI - [Personality of soldiers with non-adaptive behavior patterns]. PMID- 7281533 TI - [Self-inflicted injuries in soldiers]. PMID- 7281531 TI - [The psychopathic personality and delinquency]. PMID- 7281534 TI - [Personality structure and ulcer disease]. PMID- 7281535 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of transient ischemia attacks]. PMID- 7281537 TI - [Comparative study of the personality of chronic alcoholics before treatment and during rehabilitation]. PMID- 7281536 TI - [Analysis of mental characteristics of air traffic controllers in relation to their age]. PMID- 7281539 TI - [Regulation of cerebral circulation under physiological conditions]. PMID- 7281538 TI - [Treatment of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7281540 TI - [The most common complications in neuroleptic therapy. A case report]. PMID- 7281541 TI - [Hypokalemic periodic paralysis. A rare case of the sporadic form]. PMID- 7281543 TI - [The speech therapist within the neuropsychiatric polyclinic]. PMID- 7281542 TI - [The child with learning problems]. PMID- 7281544 TI - [The position and protection of health services according to international laws on war]. PMID- 7281546 TI - [Proteinuria after physical exertion and the effect of training on its appearance]. PMID- 7281545 TI - [Repercussions of stapedectomy on cochlear function]. PMID- 7281550 TI - [Systolic time intervals in chronic kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 7281548 TI - [Arthropathies of the mandibular joint and their treatment with physical therapy methods]. PMID- 7281549 TI - [Partial anomalous venous drainage of the lungs - the scimitar syndrome]. PMID- 7281551 TI - [Surgery of an eye injury caused by a fishing hook]. PMID- 7281547 TI - [Cimetidine in the treatment of peptic ulcer after subtotal gastric resection]. PMID- 7281552 TI - [Primary solitary plasmacytoma of the skin]. PMID- 7281553 TI - [The importance of gastric lavage in the treatment of oral poisoning]. PMID- 7281558 TI - [Multiple forms of some enzymes in tissue of rectal carcinoma after x-ray treatment]. AB - Alterations in activity of multiple forms of lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and esterase were studied in normal, tumoral and in surrounding tissue of rectum carcinoma developing after X-ray irradiation. The alterations in the activity of multiple forms of the enzymes were observed characteristic for both malignant tumors and normal tissues. PMID- 7281556 TI - [Normalizing effect of Bryonia alba L. on blood phospholipids in alloxan diabetes]. AB - Alloxane diabetes in rats was accompanied by a distinct increase in total content of phospholipids and their fractions (especially of acid phospholipids) in whole blood; the ratio of neutral phospholipids/acid phospholipids was decreased. Content of phospholipids was distinctly normalized in rat blood after intramuscular administration of Bryonia alba extract into the diabetic animals at a dose of 0.5 mg/100 g of body mass. PMID- 7281554 TI - [Isolation and purification of an unspecific component from human serum albumin, typical for pathology]. AB - Albumin from blood serum of healthy persons and from patients with various pathologies and different severity of diseases was characterized using isoelectric focusing in borate-polyol system. In all the pathologies studied a new component occurred, which had an isoelectric point at pH 5.5 and which was not found in fresh albumin preparations isolated from healthy persons. This fraction was isolated and purified. Its isoelectric point was near pH 4.5-4.6 in isoelectrofocusing with ampholines. The divergences were due to complex formation of albumin with ampholines. The modified protein corresponded immunochemically to the human blood serum albumin, did not contain polymers, had a decreased amount of alpha-helix structures as shown by dispersion of optic rotation and its molecular mass was similar to the mass of native albumin. PMID- 7281555 TI - [Hypoxia-hypercapnic effects on lactate dehydrogenase activity in rat heart tissue]. AB - Activity of lastate dehydrogenase (LDH) was studied in blood and tissues of left and right rat heart ventricles after the simultaneous effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia. The animals were kept in the closed space, where content of gases to the end of the experiment (about 1.5 hr) was equal to: O2--10%, CO2--3%. Activity of LDH was decreased within the first 3 days and the maximal enzymatic activity was observed within 15 days; after 30 days of hypoxic-hypercapnic exposure activity of LDH was significantly decreased in myocardium but it reached the control value in the serum of blood obtained from the heart. PMID- 7281559 TI - [Oxidation of palmityl carnitine in mitochondria of rat heart and liver tissue under conditions of thyroid pathology]. AB - Effects were studied of various doses of thyroid hormones and thyroidectomy on oxidation of palmityl carnitine and caprylate in heart and liver mitochondria as well as on the rate of oxidation of succinate and alpha-ketoglutarate in brain mitochondria. Depending on the dose of the thyroid hormone the rate of fatty acid oxidation varied. The stimulatory doses of thyroxin and thyroidectomy altered (increased or decreased) the rate of electrone transport in the respiratory chain but the respiratory control and the ADP/O ratio were only slightly changed. Toxic doses led to fast oxidation of the both substrates and to uncoupling of the oxidative phosphorylation. Thyroid hormones and thyroidectomy did not affect the succinate oxidation in brain mitochondria; this data suggest insensitivity of the brain tissue to the effect of thyroid hormones. PMID- 7281557 TI - [Penetration of the heparin-thromboplastin complex into brain tissues after administration of the complex into healthy animals and into animals with the prethrombotic state caused by atherogenic diet]. AB - The possibility of heparin penetration into brain cells was shown. The penetration occurred apparently in the form of heparin complexes with thromboplastin. The intensity of penetration depended on the functional state of the anticoagulation system. Accumulation of 35S-heparin and of its complex with thromboplastin was distinctly limited in brain tissue of animals with depression of the anticoagulation system followed the long-term maintaining of the animals on an atherogenic diet. PMID- 7281560 TI - [Activity of erythrocyte purine phosphoribosyltransferases in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome]. AB - The Lesh-Nyhan syndrome was detected in nine boys among a contingent of mentally retarded patients. Various impairments of purine bases reutilization were obsence and partial deficiency in activity of guanine hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase, hyperactivity of adenine phosphoribosyl transferase as well as normal activity but altered stability and sensitivity to inhibitors of guanine hypoxanthine phosphorybosyl transferase. These data suggest distinct heterogeneity in the Lesh-Nyhan patients. PMID- 7281561 TI - [Some biochemical, immunological and morphological changes of the blood system in patients dealing with lead salt]. PMID- 7281562 TI - [Partial purification and properties of the adenylate deaminase from subfractions of soluble mitochondrial proteins of rat liver]. AB - Isolation and partial purification of AMP-deaminase from subfraction of soluble proteins of the mitochondrial fraction from rat liver is described. The enzyme preparations obtained deaminated AMP at the highest rate from pH 6.4 to 6.6. At the optimal pH value and in presence of optimal AMP concentrations the AMP deaminase preparation was not activated by ATP or K+ and was inhibited by inorganic phosphate. Relationship was noted between both the content of protein in the enzyme preparations and length of the interval from composing the samples to monitoring the enzymatic activity and the following parameters of the AMP deaminase: (a) shape of curves describing the rate of AMP deamination as a function of the nucleotide concentration, (b) reversible decrease in the AMP deaminating activity after dialysis, (c) properties to deaminate, besides AMP, also some other nucleotides (ADP, NAD, FAD), (d) dynamics of inactivation of the enzyme preparations by controlled heating. The properties of the partially purified AMP-deaminase from the subfraction of rat liver soluble mitochondrial proteins were not identical with those described previously for other AMP deaminases. PMID- 7281563 TI - [Isolation of cholesterol from erythrocyte ghosts microsomes and blood plasma using specific sorbent and phospholipid liposomes]. AB - A sorbent specific for cholesterol enabled to isolate effectively the substance from blood plasma and membranes of erythrocyte shadows. Cholesterol was not isolated from microsomal membranes neither with the sorbent MGU-I nor by means of phospholipid liposomes. The phenomenon was apparently related to the localization of cholesterol on the inner surface of lipid bilayer of microsomal membranes. PMID- 7281564 TI - [Free and bound thiamine pyrophosphate level in rat liver mitochondria in various saturation of the body with thiamine]. AB - Content of tree and bound thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) was measured by means of gel filtration and equilibrium dialysis procedures in mitochondria of normal rats, the rats under conditions of alimentary B1 avitaminosis and loading with thiamine. The content of protein-bound TPP was stable and equal to 20% of its total level in the mitochondria of control rats and in the rats loaded with thiamine. The content of free form of TPP was decreased in B1 avitaminosis; a severe form of the avitaminosis was accompanied by a decrease in content of the bound form. Concentration of the free form of TPP did not increase if the organism of the rats was loaded with thiamine. These data suggest existence of specific systems controlling the vitamin uptake in mitochondria. The active transport of thiamine across the mitochondrial membranes is considered as the most important process. Administration of the high doses of the vitamin led only to an increase in the non-coenzymatic form of the vitamin, indicating the absence of thiamine pyrophosphokinase in rat liver mitochondria. A possible mechanism of TPP transport in mitochondria is discussed. PMID- 7281565 TI - [Effect of L-dopa on some patterns of lipid metabolism in experimental animals]. AB - L-DOPA, which is a metabolic precursor of catecholamines, reduced the manifestations of hyperlipidemia developed in animals after administration of Triton WR-1339, dexametasone or cholesterol. At the same time, L-DOPA decreased the rate of lipolysis, induced by adrenaline injection, as well as the content of 11-hydrocorticosteroids in blood plasma. PMID- 7281566 TI - [Effect of amantadine (1-aminoadamantane) and remantadine (alpha-methyl-1 adamantane methyl amine) hydrochlorides on formation of influenza A viral proteins]. AB - Inhibitory effect of amantadine (I-amino adamantane) and remantadine (alpha methyl-1-adamantane methylamine) hydrochlorides on reproduction of influenza A virus as well as, in particular, on formation of virus specific proteins was studied in cell culture. These drugs were dissimilar; they resembled each other in the patients of their effect as a function of the course of administration into the cells infected with the virus. Both preparations inhibited the synthesis of virus specific proteins exhibiting distinct effects under conditions of preliminary or immediate administration following the infection. At the same time, the inhibitory properties of remantadine were maintained at the subsequent period after infection; these were not observed in the amantadine treatment. PMID- 7281567 TI - [Efficiency and mechanisms of antihypoxic effect of ATP in newborn rats]. AB - Effect of ATP (administered at the doses of 20 mg and 100 mg per kg of body mass) on sensitivity of 5-7 days old rats to acute hypoxia as well as content of 2,3 DPH and ATP in erythrocytes were studied. ATP exhibited the most effective antihypoxic influence at a dose of 100 mg/kg. After administration of ATP a dissimilar increase in content of 2,3-DPH and ATP was observed in erythrocytes of newborn rats maintained under conditions of normal atmospheric pressure. At the hypoxic step of compensated metabolic acidosis of blood the increase in content of 2,3-DPH, caused by the ATP administration, was combined with a less distinct alterations in acid-alkaline balance (SB, BE). Under conditions of decompensated metabolic acidosis preadministration of ATP did not prevent the pH dependent decrease in 2,3-DPH content in erythrocytes but slightly increased the ATP content. The alterations in content of 2,3-DPH and ATP, which occurred in erythrocytes apparently due to the effect of products of ATP dephosphorylation and which improved the oxygen transport by hemoglobin under conditions of oxygen deficiency, might be responsible for the positive influence of ATP on the stability of newborn rats to acute hypoxia. PMID- 7281569 TI - [Presence of active phenylalanine hydroxylase in human leukocytes]. AB - In homogenates of human leukocytes phenylalanine hydroxylase activity was shown to depend on concentration of protein, presence of specific hydroxylase inhibitors as well as on a dose of Ph+ gene; Km value was estimated for phenylalanine and cofactor. The data obtained suggest that human leukocytes contain membrane-bound phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is active in vitro and is similar apparently to the liver enzyme in its properties. Solubilization of the enzyme was achieved without alteration in its activity when 0.25% of Triton X-100 was added by cell homogenisation. Activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase in leukocytes was estimated by a modified procedure of tuling et al. The distinct discrimination between activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase obtained in groups of healthy persons as well as in homo- and heterozygotes by the Ph gene enabled to detect phenylketonuria and to reveal heterozygotes using leukocytes instead of liver tissue biopsy. PMID- 7281568 TI - [Multiple forms of human brain monoamine oxidase]. AB - Treatment of normal human brain mitochondria with a mixture containing Triton X 100 and urea resulted in solubilization of monoamine oxidase (MAO) exhibiting tyramine-, serotonine-, phenylethylamine- and dopamine deaminase activities at ratios similar to those characteristic for the initial mitochondria. A purified preparation of the enzyme was obtained after AH-Sepharose chromatography; it was shown that in the brain there were present four isoenzymes of MAO possessing different substrate specificity. Investigation of some properties of MAO (activity, solubilization and isozyme composition) from brain regions showed absence of asymmetry and higher enzymatic activity in the subcortical brain region as compared with right and left brain cortex. PMID- 7281570 TI - [Methylation of DNA from rat lymphoid tissues in development of immune response]. AB - Within 4 days after immunization of rats by means of sheep erythrocyte suspension (of various concentration) analysis of nucleotide composition of DNA, isolated from the animal lymphoid tissue, was carried out using cellulose thin-layer chromatography. The immunization was shown to affect distinctly the DNA methylation in rat lymphoid tissue; sometimes, it altered the DNA nucleotide composition. The data obtained correspond with the well-recognized phenomenon on dependence of the immune response on the antigen concentration. PMID- 7281571 TI - [Content of serotonin and histamine in rat submandibular gland under conditions of botulism and toxic diphtheria]. AB - Content of histamine and serotonin was estimated spectrofluorimetrically in rat submandibular salivary glands under conditions of experimental botulinic and diphtheric intoxication. Decrease in secretion of saliva in botulism was due not only to parasympathetic denervation of the salivary glands but also to alterations in serotonin and, especially, histamine metabolism in the gland tissue. Content of these biogenic amines was almost unaltered after increase in secretion of saliva caused by blocking of the sympathetic nervous impulsation by diphtheria toxin. PMID- 7281572 TI - [Lipids of blood and blood vessel wall in rabbits of various age with renal hypertension under conditions of experimental atherosclerosis]. AB - Patterns of lipid and lipoprotein turnover were examined in blood and aorta of 6 10 months old and 4-4.5 years old rabbits with the renal form of experimental hypertension, experimental atherosclerosis and combination of both pathological states. In experimental hypertension contents of the total fraction of low and very low density lipoproteins, total cholesterol and triglycerides were increased but the total lipolytic activity of postheparin blood plasma as well as a fraction of alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol in the total cholesterol were decreased both in young and old animals. experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits of various age with normal and elevated blood pressure was accompanied by the highest level of hyperlipidemia in old animals without distinct differences between rabbits with various initial arterial blood pressure. Deposition of lipids in aorta, which was observed in the animals with elevated arterial blood pressure after additional administration of cholesterol, was especially characteristic for old animals with experimental renal hypertension. PMID- 7281573 TI - [Effect of the long-term administration of testosterone on induction of cytochrome P-450 in female rat live tissue using phenobarbital]. AB - A preadministration of testosterone propionate into rat females within 8 days caused an increase in the inducing effect of phenobarbital (after its single injection) on the content of cytochrome P-450 in liver tissue. The administration of testosterone did not affect the content of the enzyme in liver tissue. A shown in the experiments on phenobarbital induction of the enzyme as a function of duration of testosterone administration, two maximal peaks, within 1 and 8 days, were observed after preadministration of the hormone. The hormone influenced mainly on the rate of the increase in cytochrome P-450 content but not on degree of its induction. PMID- 7281574 TI - [Effect of hyperlipoproteinemia on lipid composition of sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit myocardium]. AB - Free fatty acids accumulated in sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit myocardium during experimental hyperlipoproteinemia. Content of other lipid fractions (phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides) was unaltered in heart sarcoplasmic reticulum under condition of hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 7281576 TI - [Effect on freezing on hydroxylation in isolated hepatocytes]. AB - Rapid freezing of hepatocytes down to--196 degrees was accompanied by a distinct impairment in microsomal oxidation and by complete uncoupling of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. In the course of multistep freezing activity of the microsomal oxidation system constituted 70.3% with ethylene glycol (EG) and 78% - with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), while the functional activity of mitochondria was maintained by 30% and 40% if EG DMSO were used, respectively. PMID- 7281575 TI - [Alkylation of liver DNA purines in rats of different age treated with diethylnitrosamine]. AB - 24 hrs after oral administration of 14C-diethylnitrosamine (DENA) at a dose of 280 mg/kg into male rats the level of 7-ethyl guanine was similar in both young and old (3 and 14 months, respectively) animals whereas the level of O6 ethylguanine was increased 2-fold higher in old animals. The rate of 7 ethylguanine and O6 ethylguanine elimination from liver DNA was higher in the young rats. The rate of incorporation of 3H-thymidine into liver DNA was decreased in the old animals. Administration of DENA (280 mg per kg) 50 hrs before the injection of the labelled thymidine inhibited its incorporation into the liver DNA in the young rats and did not alter the process in the old rats. The data obtained suggest an important role of age-dependent decrease in proliferative processes in liver tissue of the old rats in the response to carcinogenic effect of DENA. PMID- 7281577 TI - [Alteration of activities of alanine- and aspartate transaminases in rat brain under conditions of hypothermia of various duration and in adrenalectomy]. AB - Cooling of rats down to the rectal temperature of 20 degrees decreased the alanine- and aspartate transaminase activities in brain tissue. Activity of the enzymes studied was increased after prolongation of the hypothermia within 2 hrs. In adrenalectomized animals hypothermia was responsible for activation of aspartate transaminase and for a decrease in activity of alanine transaminase. PMID- 7281578 TI - [Effect of autolysis on the physico-chemical properties of mammalian skin]. AB - Alterations in physico-chemical properties and in content of several biochemical components were found in skin during postmortal storage of the tissue at the temperature 22 degrees and 5 degrees and relative moisture 92%. Within 96-120 hrs of the postmortal storage a decrease in content of hydrate-bound water and of glycosaminoglycans occurred in the tissue. The alterations were accompanied by an increase in temperature of hydrothermic denaturation and in module of elasticity of the skin. As a result of autolysis solubility of collagen in water was increased at 65 degrees and its acid soluble fractions tended to become denatured although the content of hydroxyproline was unaltered. The processes occurring in the skin within the first period after death, might be considered as a two-step sequence: formation of additional interstructural hydrogen bonds and structure transformation of both collagen and glycosaminoglycans due to the effect of proteinases. PMID- 7281579 TI - [Storage of 14C-thiamine in rat liver subcellular fractions]. AB - Distribution of 14C thiamine and its incorporation into TPP-dependent enzymes of rat liver subcellular fractions were studied. Thiamine was stored mainly in hyaloplasm and mitochondria. In nuclear and microsomal fractions presence of the vitamin was due to contamination by hyaloplasm components during the destruction of liver cells. In the proteins of hyaloplasm the label was incorporated in transketolase only. On the basis of these findings a procedure for isolation of the enzyme was developed. The purification process of monitored by calculation of specific radioactivity instead of the specific enzymatic activity of transketolase. In the mitochondria 14C-TPP was incorporated only into alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes; transketolase was not found in the mitochondria. Metabolism of subcutaneously injected 14C-thiamine was studied in liver mitochondria and hyaloplasm. PMID- 7281580 TI - [Neutral lipids as stimulators of natural unspecific immunity]. AB - Neutral lipids (various monoglycerides and cholesterol derivatives) were used as stimulators of natural unspecific immunity. All the compounds studied exhibited the biological activity. Saturated monoglycerides (chimyl and batyl alcohols) and cholesterol derivatives possessed the highest activity. Unsaturated lipids with double bonds were less active. PMID- 7281581 TI - [Role of peroxidation in destruction of membrane lipids under conditions of liver ischemia]. AB - Alterations in phospholipid and fatty acid composition were studied in homogenates, mitochondrial, microsomal and nuclear fractions during intensification of lipid peroxidation under conditions of liver tissue ischemia. Increase in content of lipid hydroperoxides and decrease in content of arachidonic acid were observed in lipids of all the membranes studied. Content of individual phospholipids altered depending on their susceptibility to peroxidation. In ischemia content of total lipids and phospholipids was decreased. The data obtained suggest the important role of peroxidation in impairment of membrane lipids under conditions of ischemia. PMID- 7281583 TI - [Fractionation of creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes by means of acetate cellulose electrophoresis]. AB - A modified procedure is developed for estimation of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzymes in blood serum. The method is used for diagnostics of early steps of myocardial infarction. The procedure is based on electrophoretic separation of CPK isoenzymes by means of Soviet equipment and acetate cellulose films manufactured by the Institute of Synthetic Resins in Vladimir. Similar data were obtained with the acetate cellulose films provided by "Helena" USA. The procedure may be recommended as a standard one for clinico-diagnostic laboratories specialized in cardiology. PMID- 7281582 TI - [Metabolic activation of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in tumor cells]. AB - An enzymatic activation of N-methyl-N-nitrose urea (MNU) was studied in microsomes, isolated from hepatoma 22a ascites cells, using a procedure which enabled to reveal the MNU enzymatic activation in mice liver microsomes. The MNU metabolic activation was not observed in hepatoma cell microsomes; at the same time, the MNU activation occurred when the cells were incubated under conditions of a suspension culture. The enzymes, participating in metabolic activation of MNU, were apparently arranged at the surface of the tumoral cells. Alkylation of MNU macromolecules was shown to be a two-step process. At the first step alkylation was due to spontaneous degradation of MNU and at the second step it was responsible for formation of active products as a result of MNU metabolic activation. MNU appears to induce synthesis of enzymes required of its metabolic activation in hepatoma 22a cells within 30 min. PMID- 7281584 TI - [Isolation of placental proteins by means of combined use of adsorption chromatography and immunochemical analysis]. AB - Absorption chromatography was used to isolate antigens from placenta; the most effective purification of the antigens was achieved by selection of suitable eluents. Combined use of adsorption chromatography and immunochemical analyses showed that chorionic alpha1-globulin was isolated most effectively by means of calcium pyrophosphate and placental lactogen on the columns with silica gel and aluminum hydroxide. PMID- 7281585 TI - [Estimation of serine- and threonine dehydratase activity of blood serum]. AB - A procedure for estimation of serine dehydratase (SDH) and threonine dehydratase (TDH) activities in blood serum was based on the colorimetric measurement of the products, increasing after deamination of 1-serine (pyruvic acid) and 1-threonine (alpha-ketobutyric acid) using the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine in an alkaline medium. Conditions for the enzymatic reaction were developed. Activity of enzymes was expressed as micrometer of the reaction products per 1 L of blood serum within 1 hr of incubation at 37 degrees. Blood serum from normal donors did not exhibit the SDH and TDH activities. The enzymatic activity was estimated in 126 patients with various impairments of liver tissue. The procedure developed was shown to be highly sensitive and informative. It enabled to detect both the earliest periods of the cytolytic syndrome and transition of the syndrome into its irreversible step. PMID- 7281586 TI - [Simple, highly specific procedures for radioimmunochemical estimation of hypophyseal protein hormones]. AB - Immunosorbents, prepared by means of polymerization of antiserum proteins using chlorcarbonic acid isobutyl ester, were used to increased reproducibility and simplicity of the radioimmunochemical procedures for estimation of the estimation of the hypophyseal hormones. In the types of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) studied the immunosorbents were prepared by means of polymerization of the first and second antibodies. The universal immunosorbent, suitable to estimation of various antigens, was prepared from the second antibodies. The procedure enabled to use as the first antibodies the blood sera with comparatively low antibody titre. High specificity of the RIA procedures described was demonstrated in estimation of bovine hypophyseal hormones - lactogenous (LTH), somatotropic (STH) and beta lipotropine. The calibration curves were linear in the concentration range from 2 to 20 ng/ml for LTH, and from 1 to 10 ng/ml for STH and beta-lipotropine. Estimation of LTH by means of the RIA procedure required 3 hrs, and of STH and beta-lipotropine - 16 hrs. PMID- 7281587 TI - [Effect of various factors on patient survival in soft tissue sarcomas]. PMID- 7281588 TI - [Role of radiation therapy in the combined treatment of soft tissue liposarcomas]. AB - The end results of surgical and combination (radiation + surgery) treatment of 85 patients with liposarcoma are compared. The 5-year survival rate following combination therapy proved to be much higher than after surgery (84 and 53.4%, respectively). Application of radiation improves the results for treatment of all histological types of tumor, polymorphocellular liposarcoma included. Indications of standard and concentrated dose-fractionated radiation should be determined by the size of tumor. PMID- 7281590 TI - [Organization of oncological services in the USSR in the 10th Five-Year Plan (trends in development, planning and control)]. PMID- 7281589 TI - [Search for effective means in the early detection of breast cancer]. AB - The results of mass screening survey conducted at the Institute are presented. Three examinations (clinical examination, thermography, mammography, biopsy) of 5,006 females, aged 35 years and older, revealed breast tumors in 43 cases (8.5 per 1,000). X-ray - mammography and clinical examination established tumor in 44.0%; mammography-34.8%, and clinical examination-in 21.1% of cases. Tumors less than 2 cm in diameter were detected in 32 out of 43 cases of breast cancer (74.4%). PMID- 7281591 TI - [Tamoxifen in treating disseminated breast cancer]. PMID- 7281592 TI - [Duration of cell cycle periods and the proliferative pool of human gastrointestinal tumor strains transplantable to athymic mice]. PMID- 7281593 TI - [Effect of age on the growth of transplantable tumors in mice]. AB - Tumors of various histological patterns (squamous-cell carcinoma of uterine cervix SCC. Lewis lung carcinoma, hepatoma-22a, mammary adenocarcinoma-755, sarcoma-180 and hemocytoblastosis La) were transplanted in mice aged 3, 12-18 months. Tumor SCC, hepatoma-22a, sarcoma-180 and adenocarcinoma-755 grew faster in older animals (18 months) than in younger one (3 months), while Lewis lung carcinoma and hemocytoblastosis La developed at the same rate in old and young animals. It is suggested that tumor growth in senescent organism is determined by both hormono-metabolic shifts, degree of immunologic vigor and a number of biological characteristics of tumor. PMID- 7281594 TI - [Rectal cancer morbidity in the city of Moscow]. PMID- 7281595 TI - [Carcinoid of the appendix complicated by mucocele]. PMID- 7281596 TI - Comparison of sic 'Third-Generation' tests for the detection of HBsAg. AB - Six 'third-generation' techniques for the detection of HBsAg were compared, i.e. Ausria II-125, Travenol-RIA, Auszyme, Hepanostika, Auscell and a modified Auscell technique applying centrifugation instead of sedimentation. The Ausria II-125 was the most sensitive test, followed by Travenol-RIA, both Auscell techniques, Auszyme and Hepanostika. In the Ausria II-125, Hepanostika and Auscell techniques, 1-2% of false-positive results were found in serum and 2% in plasma specimens from blood donors. Both the Travenol-RIA and Auszyme tests gave an unacceptably high percentage (6-8%) of false-positive results in both serum and plasma specimens. PMID- 7281597 TI - Hepatitis-associated markers in the American Red Cross volunteer blood donor population. ii. Distribution of level of HBsAg reactivity by radioimmunoassay and occurrence of nonspecific reactivity. AB - During the year 1978 this laboratory evaluated the specificity of all samples found reactive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by 44 of 57 regions of the American Red Cross Blood Services. Radioimmunoassay detected a total of 1.921 HBsAg-reactive sampled among more than three million donor units tested. A vast majority (96%) of the samples had high level of HBsAg (greater than or equal to 20 ng/ml). Only about 50% of the samples with low level of HBsAg (less than 20 ng/ml) were reactive in reversed passive hemagglutination. There were 13 samples that were repeatable for HBsAg but were considered nonspecific as they were nonneutralizable in radioimmunoassay, 2 donors who showed nonspecific reactivity were further tested and it was found that the reactivity in radioimmunoassay persisted for more than 9 months, and this reactivity was also detectable by a second commercial kit for HBsAg. Antibodies to core and surface antigen were not found in any of the nine samples that were tested. The explanation of this nonspecific reactivity is unclear, but the data suggest that the nonspecific factor(s) may be an inherent property of the sample rather than a deficiency of the test reagents. PMID- 7281598 TI - Removal of polyethylene glycol from proteins by salt-induced phase separation. AB - The use of poly(ethylene glycol) in the purification of plasma and cellular protein is somewhat complicated by the difficulty of removing it from the protein product. The method presented here, quickly and efficiently removes over 95% of the PEG by the simple addition of salts to induce an aqueous two-phase separation with the PEG in the upper phase and greater than 90% of the protein in the lower phase. PMID- 7281599 TI - [Improvement in the form and method of working with medical personnel]. PMID- 7281601 TI - [Quantitative characteristics of the pathomorphological changes in the lungs of miners exposed to coal dust]. PMID- 7281600 TI - [Effect of the seasonality and strain of work on the basic body functions of workers in agricultural production]. PMID- 7281602 TI - [Diagnostic potentials of echoencephalography in an influenzal lesion of the brain]. PMID- 7281603 TI - [Interrelation of general consulting of physicians and morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity in workers at coke chemical enterprises]. PMID- 7281604 TI - [Work experience of a center for mass medical examinations]. PMID- 7281605 TI - [Changes in the correlation between free amino acid levels in the saliva and blood plasma in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7281606 TI - [Antithrombotic drug treatment of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7281607 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the surgical treatment results in patients with a pathologically displaced kidney]. PMID- 7281608 TI - [Oxygen tension in the tissues and neutrophil enzymes in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7281609 TI - [Effect of physiologically active substances isolated from the thymuses of myasthenia patients and thymuses with a tumor on immunological reactivity]. PMID- 7281610 TI - [Serum lipoprotein dynamics in lymphogranulomatosis after fat emulsion administration]. PMID- 7281612 TI - [Rare combination of multiple primary neoplasms of the heart and adrenal gland]. PMID- 7281611 TI - [Indices of malate and lactate dehydrogenase activity and their isoenzymes in chronic iron-deficiency anemia]. PMID- 7281613 TI - [Infectious and inflammatory complications of hemoblastoses]. PMID- 7281614 TI - [Hemodynamics of the lesser circulation and blood coagulation in hypertension]. PMID- 7281615 TI - [Synchronous study of gastric juice and intragastric pH indices in chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7281616 TI - [Basic trends in controlling oxygen starvation]. PMID- 7281617 TI - [Characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis relapses]. PMID- 7281618 TI - [Dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid changes in subarachnoid hemorrhage in closed craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 7281619 TI - [Neuropsychic pathology and cerebral hemodynamic disorders in acute closed craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 7281621 TI - [Clinical characteristics of Marfan's syndrome in youth and maturity]. PMID- 7281620 TI - [Rehabilitation of syringomyelia patients]. PMID- 7281622 TI - [Assessment of cellular and humoral immunity of affective psychosis patients]. PMID- 7281623 TI - [Clinical characteristics of somatogenic affective psychoses]. PMID- 7281625 TI - [Effect of inflammatory genital diseases on male fertility]. PMID- 7281624 TI - [Conditions for the development and the variants in the manifestation of sexual dysharmony in a married couple and its psychotherapeutic correction]. PMID- 7281626 TI - [Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 7281627 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and combined treatment of Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 7281628 TI - [Metastasis of a skin carcinoma developing in the scars of a thermal burn]. PMID- 7281629 TI - [Metabolic changes in experimental animals as one of the indices of the biological action of 50-Hz electromagnetic fields]. PMID- 7281630 TI - Mood and Sleep. I. Effects of the menstrual cycle. AB - Four female subjects were studied during eight nights each at corresponding days of the menstrual cycle. No clear cycle effects could be discerned in the sleep variables of the subjects as a group. In one subject, however, a U-shaped course of negative mood was found during the menstrual cycle, together with an enhanced percentage of stage 2 sleep and a lowered percentage of slow wave sleep at the time of the menses. In the three other subjects' cycles no such cyclic variations in the mood or sleep variables were found. PMID- 7281631 TI - Mood and sleep. II. Effects of aversive pre-sleep stimulation. AB - To study the effect of an aversive film on subsequent sleep, 10 subjects slept in the sleep laboratory for two nights: one control night and one night after showing a color surgical movie. Only those subjects with higher tension scores on a self rating mood scale had a lowered number of sleep stage shifts, a higher percentage of stage 2 sleep and a higher number of waking periods and less sleep in the first 180 minutes after falling asleep. PMID- 7281632 TI - Nystagmus and REM-density during sleep in patients with various brain lesions. AB - The subjects of this study were 25 patients. Sixteen cases with nystagmus referable to brain stem lesion were divided into two groups; one group was 7 vertical nystagmus (vertical group) and the other group was 9 horizontal nystagmus (horizontal group). Other 9 cases consisted of congenital group (4 cases), cerebellar group (3 cases) and labyrinthine group (2 cases). Normal controls were 8 male volunteers who had no history of particular psychiatric and somatic illness. The results were as follows: 1) Nystagmus observed during wakefulness in all nystagmus groups disappeared during all stages of sleep. 2) The vertical component of nystagmus in the vertical group showed significantly enhanced REM-density compared with that of normal subjects. 3) Both horizontal and vertical REM-densities of the horizontal and labyrinthine group were almost as high as those of normal subjects. 4) Both REM-densities of the congenital group were significantly lower than those of normal subjects. 5) The horizontal REM-density of the cerebellar group was significantly higher than that of normal subjects. PMID- 7281633 TI - Flow microfluorometric study of cell kinetics of different tissues in ground squirrels (Citellus suslicus) during hibernation. PMID- 7281635 TI - An inexpensive four channel demodulator for use in recording sleep biodata in the home environment. AB - An inexpensive four channel demodulator was developed for use with our existing four channel FM recording system to acquire sleep biodata in the home environment. The demodulator uses four Phase Lock Loop (PLL) circuits for demodulation with capture frequencies selected from the standard IRIG Proportional-Bandwidth FM subcarrier frequencies. Four channels (EMG, EEG and two EOG) may be recorded for six hours at the subject's/ patient's home on a standard 7 1/2 inch reel audio recorder; it may be played back the following day through the demodulator and recorded on a standard laboratory polygraph for subsequent scoring and analysis. The portable home sleep recording system is inexpensive to build (our cost, excluding development, was $160.00); it would be useful to sleep researchers and clinicains interested in comparing sleep in the home versus sleep in the lab, and allows recording of sleep in patients who are reluctant or unable to have their sleep recorded in a laboratory setting. PMID- 7281634 TI - Episodic sleep disorder triggered by fever--a case presentation. AB - An 18 year old boy suffering from episodic sleep disorders triggered by fever was studied in the sleep laboratory. An episode was recorded, starting in slow wave sleep. The diurnal sleep record showed the presence of benign epileptiform transients of sleep. The treatment with diazepam was successful. The relationships with disorders of arousal and epilepsy are discussed. PMID- 7281636 TI - Social contract for health. PMID- 7281637 TI - International code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes. PMID- 7281640 TI - Electrocardiograms in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7281638 TI - Thirty-fourth World Health Assembly adopts global strategy for health for all. PMID- 7281639 TI - Resistance of disease vectors to pesticides: present status. PMID- 7281641 TI - Exercise testing with multiple leads in patients with and without previous myocardial infarction. PMID- 7281642 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7281644 TI - Acute methanol poisoning 'the blind drunk'. PMID- 7281643 TI - Left ventricular volume determined by radionuclide techniques: a review. PMID- 7281645 TI - Competition in the health care enterprise. PMID- 7281646 TI - Helmets for motorcyclists. PMID- 7281647 TI - Isolated right upper lobe pulmonary edema. PMID- 7281648 TI - Locating a parathyroid adenoma by ultrasonography and aspiration biopsy cytology. PMID- 7281650 TI - Use of barbiturate suppositories. PMID- 7281649 TI - Drugs associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis. PMID- 7281651 TI - Hyperventilation versus bicarbonate therapy for alkalinization in tricyclic antidepressant overdose. PMID- 7281652 TI - Health hazards of hospital personnel. AB - Health care workers historically have faced serious health problems, such as exposure to patients with tuberculosis. For hospital personnel today, a number of hazards exist. These range from toxic substance exposure to safety hazards presented by patients themselves. PMID- 7281653 TI - A caution on iodine water purification. PMID- 7281654 TI - The role of helmets in reducing head injuries from motorcycle accidents: a political or medical issue? AB - The cases of 311 motorcycle accident victims who were seen at a major trauma center over 17 months were reviewed. The types and severity of injuries were standardized according to the Injury Severity Score (ISS) for motor vehicle accidents. Victims were categorized into groups: helmet or no helmet and major, minor or no head injury. Major injury was defined as a 3 on the Abbreviated Injury Scale for "head" (loss of consciousness for at least 15 minutes with or without skull fracture and with or without neurological deficit). THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS ARE DRAWN: (1) The death rate for those with and without helmets was not significantly different, (2) the victims of fatal accidents had identical total ISS scores regardless of the presence of helmets, (3) the chance of sustaining a severe head injury was significantly higher in the no helmet group and (4) the incidence of long-term neurological defect was three times greater in the no helmet group. PMID- 7281655 TI - Intestinal parasites in Southeast Asian refugees. AB - A survey of intestinal parasitism in 6,241 Southeast Asian refugees (3,576 males and 2,665 females) indicated that 32.9 percent of the refugees had one or more intestinal parasites. A total of 1,178 (57.3 percent) males and 878 (42.7 percent) females harbored the parasites, with helminths representing the most frequent isolate. Intestinal parasitic infections may be considered minimal public health threats in the United States because of effective hygienic practices and sanitation facilities. However, it is important to emphasize that the attack rate also will be influenced by continued health education, job activities, and diagnosis and treatment of the refugees for these parasites. PMID- 7281656 TI - Atrial flutter associated with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Between 1966 and 1968, 35 of 340 patients (10.3 percent) admitted to the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center with documented myocardial infarctions were noted to have atrial flutter while being monitored in the coronary care unit. This incidence is higher than that found in most previous studies. Patients with atrial flutter had significantly higher mortality than infarction patients without flutter (P <0.05). The increased mortality for those with flutter was apparently the result of concurrent complications and probably not because of the arrhythmia alone. Atrial flutter recurring for more than one day was associated with further increase in mortality (P <0.02). Also, there was a higher death rate among patients with flutter who had anterior infarctions than among those with inferior infarctions, but the difference was not statistically significant. Most patients responded to treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs, but prior digitalis therapy apparently did not prevent the onset of atrial flutter. PMID- 7281657 TI - [Clinical course and therapeutic results in patients with aplastic anemia]. PMID- 7281658 TI - [Oxidation-reduction properties of the granulocytes in candidiasis]. PMID- 7281659 TI - [Changes in the serum levels of immunoglobulins A, G and M during treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 7281660 TI - [Prevention of postoperative thrombotic complications]. PMID- 7281663 TI - [Traumatic avulsion of the gallbladder from the liver]. PMID- 7281662 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the uterine body]. PMID- 7281661 TI - [Neurotic psychosexual and emotional disorders after artificial termination of pregnancy]. PMID- 7281664 TI - [Cyst of the anterior duodenal wall associated with polycystic kidney]. PMID- 7281665 TI - [2 cases of laryngocele]. PMID- 7281666 TI - [Hyperostotic sacroiliitis without ankylosis]. PMID- 7281669 TI - [Case of paralysis of the lower limb in herpes zoster]. PMID- 7281667 TI - [Myoma of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 7281668 TI - [Case of tubo-ovarian abscesses with peritonitis and septic shock in a patient wearing an intrauterine contraceptive device]. PMID- 7281671 TI - [Acute pancreatitis - conservative or surgical treatment?]. PMID- 7281670 TI - [Heart rate during Valsalva's maneuver in patients with sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 7281672 TI - [Measurements of arterial blood pressure and pulse wave velocity in the aorta, femoral and radial arteries in pregnancy, labor and puerperium]. PMID- 7281673 TI - [Morphological study of placentae from pregnancies complicated by pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 7281676 TI - [Gallbladder neuroma]. PMID- 7281674 TI - [Sudden cardiac arrest in myocardial infarct and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 7281675 TI - [Metastases to the pericardium with cardiac tamponade and to the cervico supraclavicular lymph nodes as the first symptom of bronchial cancer]. PMID- 7281677 TI - [Kuntzen's operation in the treatment of cascade stomach]. PMID- 7281678 TI - [Inguinal hernia with a Meckel's diverticulum adhering to the hernial sac]. PMID- 7281679 TI - [Case of cutaneous systemic herpes zoster]. PMID- 7281680 TI - [Complications in the treatment of migraine with ergotamine and its derivatives]. PMID- 7281681 TI - [Allergic thrombopenia caused by trichloroethylene]. PMID- 7281682 TI - [Pulmonary lipids in fatal burns (author's transl)]. AB - The pulmonary lipids were investigated at autopsy in 22 deaths from burns (3 scalds among them) by means of histological examination, thin-layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography. Leaving out of consideration 4 cases with concomitant mechanical trauma 7 out of 18 burned victims showed fat embolism of the lungs, the degree varying from slight (4) to medium (3). Cases surviving for a short period showed fat embolism more frequently than those with a rapidly fatal course. The extracted pulmonary lipids were separated by thin layer chromatography into 5 fractions (phospholipids, cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol esters) and evaluated densitometrically. The triglyceride fraction was increased in cases of fat embolism after burns, as well as in control cases of post-traumatic fat embolism. For further lipid characterisation the fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. Calculation of the amounts of the individual fatty acids showed that in cases of at least medium intensity the ratio of oleic acid/linoleic acid and oleic acid/stearic acid is shifted towards oleic acid. PMID- 7281683 TI - [Penicillamine-induced elastosis perforans serpiginosa and pulmonary cyst in Wilson's disease (author's transl)]. AB - A large air cyst was removed from the right lung of a 29-year-old female patient with Wilson's disease and penicillamine-induced perforating elastosis, the cyst first appearing after 9 years of treatment with penicillamine. Since, on the one hand, the microscopic and ultrastructural changes in the elastic tissue of the lungs were identical to those observed in the skin, both in areas of clinically demonstrable elastosis perforans serpiginosa and clinically unaffected skin and, on the other hand, no other pulmonary disease was demonstrable to account for the development of the cystic lesion, it is concluded that penicillamine is the causative factor by means of extensive alteration of the elastic tissue. The morphological changes in the elastic fibres are so characteristic that it is easy to distinguish penicillamine-induced elastosis perforans serpiginosa from the idiopathic variant. PMID- 7281684 TI - [Subcutaneous Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens infection in man--report of the first case in Austria and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - A 39-year-old female patient developed migratory skin nodules 4 months after a vacation in Greece. The patient observed a total of 17 nodules moving over the trunk to the left thigh, where a subcutaneous lesion was excised, yielding a parasite measuring 0.5 mm X 7 cm. It was classified as Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens. Since this is the first case observed in Austria, an exact description of subcutaneous dirofilariasis, its geographical distribution and a review of the literature is presented. PMID- 7281686 TI - [Disappointing results with dinitrochlorobenzene in alopecia areata (author's transl)]. AB - 22 patients suffering from long-standing alopecia areata totalis or fere totalis were treated with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) locally. No hair growth was induced in patients with total alopecia, but 3 out of 11 patients with moderate forms showed cosmetically acceptable regrowth. The possible causes of these comparatively poor results are discussed. PMID- 7281685 TI - [An unusual case of repeated self mutilation (author's transl)]. AB - An unusual case is presented of repeated, life-threatening self mutilation, elicited by the topical application of sodium hydroxide, which necessitated several operations, including amputation of the left lower leg. Histological examination revealed colliquation necrosis and a striking eosinophilia. The latter feature, which was not reproducible in an animal experiment, may be related to a defect of leucocyte locomotion in the present case. PMID- 7281687 TI - [Case report of a patient with intermittent fever, leucopenia and terminal fungal sepsis (author's transl)]. AB - A fatal case of disseminated candidiasis with deep organ involvement is reported. The patient was employed as a radiologist for several decades and already showed X-ray-induced bone marrow damage at the onset of the disease. He suffered for several years from an unknown granulomatous systemic bacterial infection and had been treated with antimicrobial agents with varying degrees of success. Regarding prophylaxis of systemic Candida infections it is concluded that prolonged medication with glucocorticoids and antibiotics should be combined with the oral administration of antimycotic drugs in order to prevent invasion by potentially pathogenic fungi. PMID- 7281688 TI - [Pathology of urological tumours--methods, functions, results (author's transl)]. AB - The primary requirement of clinically-oriented tumour pathology is an accurate histological technique. Multiple-step sections are usually required in processing biopsies or lymph nodes. Furthermore, large block sections have proven to be very valuable. The intraoperative examination of frozen sections is of great importance for operations tailored to the specific situation. A new, automated histophotometric method for intraoperative diagnosis--which could be operated by auxiliary staff--is being put to trial at the present time. Basic requirements of modern tumour pathology are exact typing, grading and staging, as well as intensive participation in clinical cancer registration. Tumour pathology not only provides a reliable diagnosis, but also helps in making therapeutic decisions, establishing the prognosis in an individual case and in evaluating therapeutic results. New results of tumour pathology in renal cell cancer, carcinoma of the urinary bladder and testicular tumours form the basis of histology- and stage-oriented cancer treatment in urological tumours. PMID- 7281689 TI - [Interdisciplinary significance of a basically equipped urodynamic measuring unit (author's transl)]. AB - The present work deals with the indication and results of 1102 urodynamic examinations on 776 patients, grouped according to the various medical departments from which they were assigned. The interdisciplinary importance of these examinations was emphasized by the fact that urodynamic examinations turned out to be necessary in patients from gynaecological, urological, neurological, pediatric, surgical and medical departments. After the usual gynaecological, urological, radiological and neurological examinations, a detailed case history was obtained with the help of a questionnaire and cystometry, uroflowmetry, and/or simultaneous vesico-urethrotonometry was carried out on each patient, depending on the medical evidence. The results, which were listed according to assignment from the various medical departments, show that urinary disturbances occur in all the medical fields mentioned above and that they cannot be treated successfully without a previous urodynamic examination. We were able to differentiate the various forms of female urinary incontinence of gynaecological patients, as well as various forms of neurogenic bladder disturbances of the patients from all the other medical departments. A broad discussion deals with the complexity of the subject and shows the possibilities of a small, but easily and quickly usable urodynamic examination programme at a general hospital. PMID- 7281690 TI - [Serum hydroxyproline parameter of collagen metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - The serum hydroxyproline level enables a clinical assessment to be made of bone metabolism. A clinical-chemical method, which is described in detail, was applied in 50 control persons as well as in 76 patients with diseases of bones and/or joints. This method, which is a modification of the standard ion-exchange method of Goverde and Veenkamp for the determination of free hydroxyproline in serum, is readily applicable to mass routine laboratory usage and may be repeated ad libitum, thereby facilitating control follow-up of therapeutic response. The mean value of serum free hydroxyproline in the normal control group was 11.9 mu mol/1 (range: 6.86 to 16 mu mol/1), i.e. 1.56 mg/1 (range: 0.9 to 21 mg/1). The upper limit of normal values was calculated to be 15.5 mu mol/1 (2.0 mg/1), allowing a clear-cut differentiation from pathologically raised levels above this value. PMID- 7281691 TI - [An unusual case of long-standing traumatic rupture of the diaphragm (author's transl)]. AB - A case is described of delayed diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm with herniation of the colon. The pathogenesis of late herniation is discussed. PMID- 7281692 TI - [Current concepts of the surgical management of gynaecological tumours (author's transl)]. AB - The ultimate goal of the surgical management of gynaecological carcinoma certainly is the complete removal of the main tumour or at least a diminution in tumour size, so that the remaining tumour cells can be destroyed by the body's own defensive mechanisms, by an additional course of systematic irradiation or chemotherapy or by a combination of all these measures. Primary removal of the tumour influences a series of useful body functions (cell-linked and humoral antibody reactions, etc.), while the subsequent heightened growth rate of the remaining tumour cells following surgery renders them more sensitive to the additional therapy. PMID- 7281694 TI - [Fetal weight estimation by ultrasound (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281696 TI - [Results of a questionnaire issued to expectant and delivered mothers (author's transl)]. AB - At the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien, Vienna, 98% of all deliveries are continuously monitored. 30% (1979) received epidural anaesthesia. The presence of the husband in the delivery room and partial rooming-in is available to all mothers. To find out if the service to expectant and delivered mothers is according to the requirement of our patients, questionnaires were distributed indiscriminately over a two-month period to 350 pregnant women and to 240 women in the puerperium. Fetal monitoring was valued positively in the majority of cases, the presence of the husband during delivery is requested in a minority of cases only, but would be welcomed by a higher proportion of puerperal women for the next delivery. Expectant mothers wished epidural anaesthesia in 50% of cases. Not only pregnant, but also delivered women demanded rooming-in, the latter group agreeing in the main with our partial form of rooming-in. Nearly 90% of mothers with rooming-in felt well prepared for baby care on leaving the hospital. We believe in the possibility of a synthesis of continuous monitoring to achieve optimum safety of delivery and family-orientated obstetrics in the hospital management of labour and the puerperium. PMID- 7281695 TI - [Clinical experience with sulprostone (author's transl)]. AB - Sulprostone (SHB 286, Schering) was used for the induction of abortion mainly in patients with missed abortion, but also in cases of intrauterine death and hydatid mole (total number: 226). In the first trimester a single injection of 25 or 50 mcg into the cervix ("intramural" injection) in order to obtain preoperative dilatation of the cervix was favoured. In the second and third trimester Sulprostone was administered by the intravenous (mean dosage 925 mcg), the intragluteal (mean dosage 540 mcg) or the extra-amniotic (mean dosage 660 mcg) route. After "intramural" administration an abortion score of at least 20 according to Csapo was obtained in 78% of patients. With the intravenous route the abortion rate was 86%, with the extra-amniotic 74% and with the intragluteal route 70%. The main use of "intramural" application is seen in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy in order to ensure non-traumatic dilatation of the cervix. In the second and third trimester intravenous and intragluteal administration seem to be superior to the extra-amniotic route because of their better tolerance. PMID- 7281693 TI - [The place of sonography in the diagnosis of recurrence of malignant gynaecological tumours (author's transl)]. AB - The scope of sonography in the diagnosis of tumour recurrence is discussed on the basis of 134 patients with suspected recurrence of malignancy. In 67 cases recurrence was verified by means of ultrasonic diagnosis. In 63 cases the tentative diagnosis proved to be negative. In the remaining 4 cases the examination result was equivocal. The ultrasonic results were compared with physical examination, I.V.P., scintigraphy, histological examination of specimens of second-look operations and curettages, and autopsy material. It is pointed out that small tumours posterior to the urinary bladder can be overlooked because of the enhancement caused by the impedance mismatch between the fluid-filled bladder and the solid structures posterior to it. In cases of local and lymphonodal recurrent tumour the examination is extended to the upper abdomen to detect possible hydronephrotic changes. Two different echographic patterns can be observed after primary irradiation of cervical and endometrial cancer. The enlarged uterus with inhomogeneous structures is more likely to be a recurrent tumour. A more "cystic" appearance of the enlarged organ would suggest a mucometra caused by cervical occlusion. In recurrent ovarian tumours ascites is detectable which sometimes even disturbs the examination owing to the extreme curvature of the abdominal wall hindering a sufficient coupling of the probe. Ultrasound is applied with good results in irradiation planning and for the monitoring of therapeutic results. PMID- 7281697 TI - [Encouraging results with cytostatic therapy in metastasizing breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - 58 women with metastatic breast cancer, non-responsive to hormone therapy, were treated with a modified CMF regimen. After progression the combination of adriamycin and vincristine was used. With CMF the response rate was 41% (10% complete remissions, 31% partial remissions), 38% showed no change, whilst progression of the disease was observed in only 21% of patients. The median duration of remission was about 8 months. Progression of the disease was treated by a combination of adriamycin and vincristine and remissions were obtained in 24% of cases. The median survival time of our patients from the time of tumour metastasis was 18.6 months and was dependent on the results of treatment. PMID- 7281698 TI - [Vaginal contamination with yeasts in healthy women (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of contamination with vaginal yeasts has been determined in a group of 5,322 healthy women. The incidence of fungal infection is 8.15% and varies with age. It is at a maximum (13.12%) in the age group of 20 to 24 years. Vaginal yeast contamination decreased after the age of 50 years. Antimycotic therapy is necessary, even in asymptomatic patients. PMID- 7281699 TI - [Stress in the occupational world]. PMID- 7281700 TI - [Drug therapy of hyperlipidemias]. PMID- 7281702 TI - [Emergency tests in the central laboratory of a hospital (author's transl)]. AB - In 1975 an emergency laboratory, which is quite independent of the routine laboratory, was established within the central laboratory. The emergency laboratory carries out urgent chemical and hematological analyses and coagulation tests around the clock. As accelerated and late tests as well as not urgent tests on Saturdays and Sundays are done in the routine laboratory it was possible to restrict the demands on the emergency laboratory largely to tests of clinical emergency cases. One medical technician is permanently present in the emergency laboratory, one clinical chemist is on call. The emergency laboratory is subject to a severe quality control to ensure precise and correct results which correspond with the results of the routine laboratory. In 1980 56,392 emergency tests were carried out. These are 5.7% of all tests done in the central laboratory. On the average it takes 21.6 minutes for analytical work from the arrival of the sample until transmitting the result. The costs of the emergency tests amount to 3 to 4 times the costs of the mechanized routine tests. In some foreign hospitals the integration of "actualized" routine tests into the emergency laboratory has led to a share of 25% of the total amount of tests and to the full mechanisation with an own EDV system. These tests should not be carried out in the emergency laboratory. They should be carried out in the "actualized"routine laboratory with the help of a new generation of analyzers and a new concept for electronic data processing. PMID- 7281701 TI - [The prognostic significance of the immune status (DNCB-test) in patients with carcinoma of the bladder, checked by observation of the course of disease (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of three years of observation of 48 patients with histologically verified carcinoma of the bladder, a correlation was established between the immune profile (DNCB-test) and the clinical stage. Whereas in early stages of the tumour no correlation could be found between the results of the skin test and the subsequent development of the disease, in invasive advanced carcinoma the prognostic aspect was more favourable when the results of the DNCB-test was positive. The indication for radical cystectomy can be supported by the results of the DNCB-test in addition to staging and grading. Infiltrative growth and negative DNCB-test are indications for cystectomy, whereas a positive immune status seems to justify a observant attitude and endoscopic controls. PMID- 7281704 TI - Health division starts new drive to increase rubella immunization. PMID- 7281703 TI - [Levels of sulfametrole-trimethoprim in blood and lung-tissue during treatment of respiratory tract infection (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on the examination of the levels of sulfametrole and trimethoprim in blood and lung tissue of 29 patients with pulmonary tumours of various origin, who were subjected to a pre-operative treatment with 2 tablets 2 times daily of the sulfametrole-trimethoprim combination Lidaprim for an average period of one week because of concurrent bronchopulmonary infections. About 14 hours after the last tablet dose samples of tumour-free lung tissue and blood were removed during the operation and subjected to a chemical analysis of sulfametrole and trimethoprim. The mean blood level of sulfametrole was 30.3 micrograms/ml and of trimethoprim 2.0 micrograms/ml; the mean levels in the lung tissue was 19.2 micrograms/g of sulfametrole and 9.2 micrograms/g of trimethoprim. Trimethoprim via the blood is stored in the lung tissue. The relationship of these results to the good clinical activity of the combination sulfametrole/trimethoprim in the treatment of infections of bacterial origin in the upper and lower airways is discussed. PMID- 7281705 TI - The hassle factor. PMID- 7281706 TI - The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Acts: a perspective of the process politics. Part II of a two-part series. PMID- 7281707 TI - CME credits and medical licensure. PMID- 7281708 TI - Ultrasound in the diagnosis of lymphangioma. PMID- 7281709 TI - Neutropenia in dysgammaglobulinemia I: remission with immunoglobulin therapy. PMID- 7281710 TI - Complementary diagnostic procedures in occult breast carcinoma. PMID- 7281711 TI - Deductibles and co-payment. PMID- 7281712 TI - Itinerant surgery. PMID- 7281713 TI - A new farm hazard. PMID- 7281715 TI - Liver trauma: community hospital experience: 1975-1980. PMID- 7281714 TI - Physicians in Wisconsin: four dimensions of change. PMID- 7281716 TI - Perinatal challenge: dealing with death. PMID- 7281718 TI - [On the interrelationship between lifespan, constitution and information (Parts 1 and 2) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have tried to summarize the biophysical causes, laws and consequences of the processes of ageing. After surveying the development which Man's life span and senescence have undergone in the course of evolution as well as the underlying causes, they demonstrate the influence which the size of the brain has on the life span. A correlation can be shown to exist between brain weight, body weight, metabolic rate, body temperature and life span. Furthermore, an interrelationship between the amount of information available and ageing was not only observed at the cellular level, but also studied in more complex structures. The authors point that that the increase in entropy is linked with the ageing process and that the differences in the capacity of the nervous system (which are equivalent to a given difference in entropy) are accompanied by the same alteration of the live span as if this difference in entropy resulted from deviations in the metabolic processes. PMID- 7281719 TI - [On the influence of D-penicillamine on collage metabolism - investigations of the rupture of strength in tailfibre in rats of several ages (author's transl)]. AB - The tensile strength of rat tail tendons of animals wtih a different age is more influenced by D-Penicillamine (DPA) in younger rats than in elderly rats. DPA has the best effect in the regions with the highest collagen turnover. After the use of DPA the collagen of tails of the elderly rats resembles the collagen of the younger animals. The reason of this alteration is probably a lower degree of cross-links of the collagen after the use of DPA. PMID- 7281717 TI - [On the effect of biologically active substances (experimental studies) (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of prolonged Procaine and Turigeran therapy on the cellular kinetics of the mucous membrane of the liver and small intestine has been studied by means of 3H-thymidine histo-autoradiography of a total of 240 12-month-old male Wistar rats. The following observations have been made: 1. The pool of DNA synthesizing liver parenchyma cells and Kupffer's cells in the treated animals is clearly increased compared with that of the untreated controls. There is no difference between the rats treated with Procaine and those treated with Turigeran. 2. Nor does the cellular kinetics of the mucosa of the small intestine exhibit any differences between the animals treated with Procaine and those treated with Turigeran. Since, on the other hand, significant differences appear between the treated animals and the untreated controls regarding all characteristics of cellular kinetics, this effect is solely attributable to Procaine. 3. The various phases of the cellular cycle are prolonged in the treated animals, resulting in an overall delay in the generative cycle. 4. A reduced speed of migration of the cells in the region of crypts and villi finally results in the fact that in spite of the reduced rates of proliferation a greater number of labelled cells can be observed in the crypts of the treated animals (labelling index). 5. The unmitigated effect of Procaine is discernible for at least two weeks after the discontinuation of the treatment. PMID- 7281720 TI - [Age and sexuality from the point of view of inhabitants of homes for the aged geriatric nursing homes (author's transl)]. AB - This work handles about the need of erotic relations by older and old inhabitants in homes of age and geriatric nursing homes, asks for their imaginations at loveful and tender demonstrations in age, for which characteristics they attach great importance at the election of a new partner. The investigation has the character of a niveau analysis - before we investigate the laws of phenomena, their change and development of phenomena must be known. The potential unity of all inhabitants presents in the open cited central questions groupspecific specialities, their possible differentiation remains reserved for a later information. The concentration of the different results lets perceive that inhabitants in homes of age and geriatric nursing homes loveful and tender actions in age answer slightly in affirmative, that each 5. inhabitant expects sexual readiness from a new partner, that two third of all inhabitants mean sexual relations in age and home contribute to well-being and were expressions of their succeeded integration in the society. PMID- 7281721 TI - [The therapy of the rectum-carcinoma of the aged (author's transl)]. AB - Elder people are most treated on cancer of the rectum. Therapeutic chances could be used better. Unfortunately there is a delay between first symptoms and beginning of therapy, in 50% of the debit of the doctors. Simple examinations like digital inquiry could be done by each physician. In 40% of carcinoma of rectum there are regional lymphonodoli; they make the chance of healing sinking. Radical surgery is the best therapy, but often not possible. Above 10-12 cm a resection with end-to-end anastomosis should be done. Single distant metastases are no reason to prevent operation. Palliative transabdominal extirpation of the tumor should be attempted in most of the cases. Anus praeter should be least form of palliative therapy in surgery of rectum-cancer. Local recidives are particular property of colorectal Carcinoma, they make difficulties in many cases. PMID- 7281722 TI - [The digital investigation of rectum-carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Digital examination of rectum is a simple and reasonable methods in diagnostic of rectum carcinoma. 90% of these neoplasms can be find out on this way. More diagnostic methods, following necessary, are demonstrated. PMID- 7281723 TI - [Several forms of care for the elderly in the district of Ceske Budejovice (author's transl)]. AB - The authors gives a survey of the various forms of nursing available to elderly people in the district Ceske Budejovice, Czechoslovakia. He reports on the various activities of the geriatric nurse there and describes the operation of a nursing system for elderly people suffering from diabetes. PMID- 7281726 TI - [To the self-organization of living systems as a concept of theoretical investigations in gerontology (author's transl)]. AB - The important characteristic of self-organization of living systems is based on principles of organization, which determine possibility-structures. The search of these principles by methods of model's simulation of living systems may be expected also new understandings of the complex processes of aging in these systems. PMID- 7281724 TI - [New hypotheses on aging in experimental gerontology (author's transl)]. AB - There are many hypotheses about the biological aging. Some error and programme hypotheses are explained and compared with another by examples. The action of stochastic and genetic factors is acknowledged generally, but there are different opinions on the question about a genetic "programme". At the same time there is an effort to integrate some alternative conceptions. By increasing appreciation of evolutional aspects too the interest are pointed out to biological longevity assurance mechanisms and their importance for the maximum lifespan of species or individuals. PMID- 7281725 TI - [System theoretical aspects of senescence (author's transl)]. AB - If senescence is identified with system failure, then we must consider the possibility that there exist modes of failure which do not arise from local subsystem failures. We show that any system manifesting a feed forward mode of control will in general exhibit senescence. Together with the concept of vitality a number of results are drawn from this argument especially for the calculation of the biological age. PMID- 7281727 TI - [HDL/LDL-cholesterol, arteriosclerosis and age (author's transl)]. AB - The level of HDL-Cholesterol of the serum of women decreases in dependence on age. Especially in the group of the 75-95 years old persons. The LDL-cholesterol shows an increase with a maximum in the age group 60-75 years. Thus the HDL/LDL cholesterol quotient is reduced and the risk for atherosclerotic diseases is elevated. Serum HDL-cholesterol correlates positively with the post-heparin lipolytic activity of extrahepatic origin, but not with the hepatic lipase. PMID- 7281728 TI - [Intravasal lipoproteid metabolism and age (author's transl)]. AB - The post-heparin-lipolytic activity of women decreases in dependence on age. This age dependence is the result of a diminished activity of post-heparin-lipase of extrahepatic origin, whereas no age differences of the activities of hepatic lipase exist. There is a negative correlation between serum triglycerides and the post-heparin-lipolytic activity, especially between the enzyme of extrahepatic source and the triglyceride level, but not between the hepatic lipase and triglycerides. Serum-HDL-cholesterol correlated positively with the post-hepatic lipolytic activity. PMID- 7281729 TI - [Stress and aging (author's transl)]. AB - Under the influence of stress the function of hypothalamic-pituitary system seems to show aging changes, whereas the adrenocortical function is not changed in spite of degenerative morphological changes in aging. By the performance and interpretation of experiments it is necessary to pay attention to the different reaction of young and old animals. PMID- 7281730 TI - [The importance of involutively conditioned and conditioned by morbidity alterations of enteral absorption and the nutrition of geriatric patients with obstructive jaundice and carcinomatous diseases (author's transl)]. AB - In case of absorption examinations in younger and advanced age it is necessary to differentiate between involutively conditioned alterations of enteral absorption and those ones conditioned by morbidity. For this purpose the modified D-xylose absorption test offers itself as a diagnostical remedy. The equivalently characteristic alterations in absorption kinetics of carbohydrates in cases of the occurrence of an obstructive jaundice, in patients in the stage of generalisation of carcinomatous disease and in the elderly may be demonstrated by the modified D-xylose-Test. PMID- 7281731 TI - [A programme for preparing the working people to an active seniorship (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of the idea about the general necessity of being prepared to the seniorship, and the fundamental possibilities existing in the socialist society and considering the national and international experiences a programme for the preparation to an active seniorship has been developed. The programme has been tested for its efficiency in a rural, suburban and in a large-city industrial plants. The echo and the participation in preparation courses, the attitude and changes in attitude of the test persons asked towards a healthy life, getting older and seniorship, towards occupation during seniorship have been tested with help of mathematic-statistical methods before and after the programme. From these results conclusions have been drawn for internal and social practice for the preparation to an active seniorship. PMID- 7281733 TI - [An example of hygiene organization in a larger ambulatory clinic]. PMID- 7281732 TI - [Some parameters of lipid metabolism in aging (author's transl)]. AB - In 150 humans of different ages and sexes total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol was tested. The HDL-cholesterol content was 1,41 +/- 0,33 mmol/l with women and 1,18 +/- 0,31 mmol/l with men. Older women show a reduction of the HDL-cholesterol level. There is a significant increase of LDL-cholesterol in both sexes with increasing age. Part of the above experimental group were tested for serum lipoproteins using a four-layer polyacrylamid gel separating the alpha lipoproteins in a 7% gel into 12 or less fractions. The densitograms of the electrophoreses show differences both in age and sex. Men show a strong decrease of the front fractions, especially in fraction 7, with beginning maturity. There is a slight increase in the older and aged man. Women, however, show no significant changes during their lifespan. The prozentual content of alpha lipoproteins correlates closely with the behaviour of alpha-lipoprotein-subunits with increasing age. Only with women there is a good correlation between HDL cholesterol and the prozentual content of alpha-lipoproteins. With 111 subjects of different age groups and sexes the postheparin lipase (pHL) was determined. Both sexes show a strong decrease of enzyme activity with beginning maturity, followed by a different behaviour. There is no permanently negative correlation with the triglyceride level. The results were discussed with respect to arteriosclerotic changes in the blood vessels. PMID- 7281734 TI - [Practical procedure in the prophylaxis and therapy of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7281735 TI - [Theoretical principles and practical accomplishment of acute normovolomic hemodilution]. PMID- 7281739 TI - [Transportation of patients by the DRK in East Germany - a part of primary medical care]. PMID- 7281736 TI - [Classification of osteosynthesis of diaphyseal fractures of the lower extremity in the treatment of polytraumatized patients]. PMID- 7281737 TI - [Incarcerated hernia in the aged - a ten-year analysis]. PMID- 7281740 TI - [Tested medico-mycological examination methods. III. Immune serological methods for determining fungus (yeast) infections and allergic reactions]. PMID- 7281742 TI - [Are there any specific problems in appendicitis in the aged?]. PMID- 7281741 TI - [The immediate cause of death in craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 7281738 TI - [Organization of inpatient surgery]. PMID- 7281743 TI - [Liver tumor after long-term administration of NON OVLON]. PMID- 7281745 TI - [Unusual course in a case of gas gangrene]. PMID- 7281744 TI - [Experiences on the value of laparocentesis in the diagnosis of intra-abdominal processes, especially in polytraumatized patients]. PMID- 7281746 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis of infiltrative gastrointestinal diseases]. PMID- 7281748 TI - [Sex differences in morbidity and mortality]. PMID- 7281747 TI - [Group hospitalization, a distinctive form of training for medical specialists]. PMID- 7281749 TI - [The development of sex-specific mortality]. PMID- 7281751 TI - [Sex differences related to the frequency of hospitalization during the 1st year of life]. PMID- 7281750 TI - [Sex differences related to the frequency of hospitalization]. PMID- 7281752 TI - [Sex Differences in disability and morbidity]. PMID- 7281753 TI - [Development of morbidity in East Germany under the aspects of the demographic factors age and sex]. PMID- 7281754 TI - [Sex differences in juvenile behavior disorders]. PMID- 7281755 TI - [Mortality and morbidity in man and women aged 35-45]. PMID- 7281756 TI - [Sex differences in accidents in Hungary]. PMID- 7281757 TI - [Sex differences in selected traumatologic diagnoses]. PMID- 7281758 TI - [Sex differences in accident mortality in East Germany]. PMID- 7281759 TI - [Sex differences in schizophrenic psychoses]. PMID- 7281760 TI - [Sex differences in geriatric morbidity]. PMID- 7281762 TI - [1st general survey of the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in the Schleiz population]. PMID- 7281764 TI - [Technic of ambulatory proctologic-endoscopic interventions with the surgical loop through the rectoscope]. PMID- 7281763 TI - [Splenic rupture in the multiply injured]. PMID- 7281761 TI - [Development of the differences between the mean life expectancy in men and women in the Czech Socialist Republic in recent years]. PMID- 7281765 TI - [Sports injuries of tendons, muscles and their point of insertion]. PMID- 7281767 TI - [Diagnosis of pancreatic diseases with the ultrasonic tomography method]. PMID- 7281768 TI - [Case control studies and their role in the study of risk factors]. PMID- 7281769 TI - [Analysis of errors in medical documentation shown by the interpretation of personal medical records]. PMID- 7281766 TI - [Quantitative kidney function tests using radioisotope methods with special reference to radioisotope scanning of the kidneys and renal clearance tests]. PMID- 7281770 TI - [Recommendations for abortion technics]. PMID- 7281771 TI - [Can the late consequences of a median femoral neck fracture be predicted?]. PMID- 7281773 TI - [Case control studies and their role in the study of risk factors. II]. PMID- 7281772 TI - [Problems of anorexia nervosa in puberty]. PMID- 7281775 TI - [State, prevention, diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation of noise-induced hearing loss]. PMID- 7281774 TI - [The abdominal aorta in ultrasonic tomography]. PMID- 7281776 TI - [The strategies for the control of infectious diseases should be more effective- the East Germany is cooperating with WHO]. PMID- 7281777 TI - [Initial experiences with alpha-training]. PMID- 7281778 TI - [Comparative studies on combination treatment of chronic hypertension]. PMID- 7281780 TI - [Surgery of varicose veins]. PMID- 7281779 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of acute intermittent hepatic porphyria]. PMID- 7281781 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia--a course with non-fatal outcome]. PMID- 7281782 TI - [Papillary adenoma in the wall of a calcified solitary kidney cyst]. PMID- 7281783 TI - [Ultrasound tomography of the liver]. PMID- 7281784 TI - [Guiding principles for general practitioners in the diagnosis and therapy in rheumatology]. PMID- 7281785 TI - [Epidemiology of lung cancer]. PMID- 7281786 TI - [Case-control studies and their role in the study of risk factors. III]. PMID- 7281787 TI - [Man, problems of values and a discussion of abortion]. PMID- 7281788 TI - [Modern treatment of wounds in general medical and ambulatory surgical practice]. PMID- 7281791 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis of ascites]. PMID- 7281789 TI - [Tumor-biology basis of cancer chemotherapy]. PMID- 7281790 TI - [Correlations between the state of the periodontium and laboratory values in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 7281792 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of tumors of the colon and rectum]. PMID- 7281793 TI - [Clinical use of Chinoderm ointments 0.2% and 1% in various bases]. PMID- 7281794 TI - [Recurrent invagination ileus caused by a benign tumor of the small intestine]. PMID- 7281798 TI - [Acoustic recognition of her infant's cry by the mother]. PMID- 7281796 TI - [Increased endurance and modification of risk factors in the aged by 4 weeks of endurance training therapy]. PMID- 7281797 TI - [Problems and results in the evaluation of district homes for the aged and nursing homes]. PMID- 7281795 TI - [The primary appendiceal carcinoma in the differential diagnosis of adnexal tumors. Case report]. PMID- 7281799 TI - [Health education and behavior of pregnant women in rural areas]. PMID- 7281800 TI - [Limits of tolerance to books on sex education for the young]. PMID- 7281801 TI - [The development and role of the Marriage and Family Section in the establishment of socialist family policies in East Germany]. PMID- 7281802 TI - [The development and role of the Marriage and Family Section in the Social Hygiene Society of East Germany]. PMID- 7281803 TI - [The specialist for General Medicine as a family physician]. PMID- 7281806 TI - [Married students in the light of socio-political measures in East Germany- student marriage, student family 1964-1977]. PMID- 7281805 TI - [An attempt at establishing essential factors with an effect on family size by means of a variant statistical procedure]. PMID- 7281804 TI - [Psychological conditions of the desire to have children and its fulfillment (empirical report)]. PMID- 7281809 TI - [Various factors and conditions in divorce]. PMID- 7281808 TI - [The problem of abortion in the light of clinical statistics]. PMID- 7281810 TI - [The problem of inflammatory diseases of the adnexa in intrauterine contraception]. PMID- 7281807 TI - [Support of student mothers by the state and society]. PMID- 7281811 TI - [Epidemiology of premature birth]. PMID- 7281813 TI - [Physiology of the adolescent menstrual cycle]. PMID- 7281812 TI - [Contribution to the etiology of low-birth weight infants]. PMID- 7281815 TI - [Problems in adolescent contraception]. PMID- 7281814 TI - [Problems of contraception in sexually active female adolescents. Results of an empirical study]. PMID- 7281816 TI - [Washed erythrocyte concentrate, degree of purity and cell vitality]. AB - The reduction of leukocytes of packed red cells amounted to 70 +/- 8% (n = 29) by single removing of buffy coat and to 86 +/- 9% (n = 12) by additional washing in isotonic NaCl-solution with a loss of 23% of red cells. The ratio of granulocytes to lymphocytes increased The ratio of granulocytes to lymphocytes increased slightly by washing. Storage of washed red cells damaged their function in dependence on temperature and storage medium more than the washing procedure. The ATP content of washed red cells maintained at the normal level during 24 hr at 277 K (4 degrees C), but the 2.3-P2G level decreased to 1/3 of the normal value. The survival rate of washed red cells amounted to 86 +/- 7% (n = 7). The preparation of red cells poor in leukocytes in recommended by removing buffy coat and the upper 50 ml of red cells after single centrifugation of blood and adding 100 ml CDS-AG (citrate-glucose-sucrose-adenine-guanosine) preservation solution of packed red cells. A storage of 6 weeks is possible. Thus washing the red cells in isotonic NaCl-solution for the purpose of leukocyte reduction can be omitted. PMID- 7281817 TI - [Comparison of different stimulation procedures of the calculation of so-called sinoatrial conduction time]. AB - The results of the premature individual atrial stimulation for calculating the so called sinuatrial conduction times (SACT) were compared with those in double manifold atrial stimulation (n = 160), frequent atrial stimulation (n = 50) and ventricular individual and double-manifold stimulation (n = 14), respectively. Premature atrial individual stimulation and atrial double-manifold stimulation in these cases gave corresponding, closely correlating results for the SACT calculation. In frequent atrial stimulation were calculated considerably longer as well as (more infrequently) clearly shorter conduction times. Calculation errors are on the one hand thinkable due to lacking, on the other hand due to repeated sinus node depolarisation with the possibility of overdrive suppression and overdrive excitation (sinus node depression and sinus node acceleration) since the method does not allow a control of the sinus node depolarisation performed. Also in modified calculation of the SACT with consideration of the duration of spontaneous periods after stimulation the correlation to the results of the individual stimulation was relatively loose. After ventricular stimulation (and following ventriculo-atrial stimulus conduction) essentially shorter sinuatrial conduction times could be calculated than in the atrial place of stimulation. As a rule, the poststimulatory spontaneous interval showed an abbreviation compared with the duration of periods before the stimulation, in which cases the haemodynamic relations changed due to ventricular stimulation might explain the increase of frequency. PMID- 7281818 TI - [Epidemiology of venous diseases - results of an epidemiologic study]. AB - 48.7% of the population of the district of Dippoldiswalde developed a varicosis. both sexes were affected in the same way with a similar percentage. No side of the legs were preferred. Two thirds of all carriers of varices have only slight varices (small varicose dilatations of the cutaneous veins, reticular varices) without complaints. A considerable varicosis was found in 130/1000 adult inhabitants. Only these carriers of varices can be defined as ill with venous disease. The age is no risk factor of varicosis. The average age of manifestation of varicosis in females is 37.8 years, in males 43.7 years. With growing age, however, the degree of severity of the disease increases. PMID- 7281819 TI - [Relation between HDL cholesterol and ECG findings]. AB - In 255 males the HDL-cholesterol values were compared with the results of the load-ECG-investigations. A statistically significant accumulation of findings in the load-ECG with references to a chronic ischaemic heart disease and a HDL cholesterol level lower than 0,90 mmol/l is the result. It is recommended in correspondence with literature to use the estimation of LDH-cholesterol for the diagnostics and the control of the therapy of the chronic ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 7281820 TI - [Circadian behavior of the fibrinogen concentration in the plasma]. AB - The concentration of the fibrinogen in the plasmas was determined in the course of a day (circadian rhythm) as well as in different position of the body. During the night hours a concentration minimum existed at 24.00 o'clock or at 4.00 o'clock, which however, could not be explained by the position of the body alone, which had changed in comparison to day-time. The time of the blood-taking and the position of the body must be taken into consideration in the interpretation of the laboratory values. PMID- 7281821 TI - [Clinically asymptomatic congenital macrofistular AV-aneurysm of the kidney]. AB - Congenital arteriovenous aneurysms of the kidney are rare. The case of a now 65 year-old female patient is explained, in whom in 1971 during a renovasography on account of renal cyst at the left side of congenital arteriovenous aneurysm of the right kidney was established. Today - almost 10 years after the diagnosis and near her eight decennium of life - the patient is clinically symptom-free as to the untreated arteriovenous aneurysm of the right kidney. The observation shows that in arteriovenous aneurysms of the kidney cases with clinical relevancy and clinically asymptomatic cases must be differed. PMID- 7281822 TI - [A new method of recording spike potentials of the atria from the body surface]. AB - A new method of recording spike potentials (rapid deflections) of the heart conductive system (sinus node, atrial conductive tracts, His' bundle)from the body surface was developed using differential magnifying 50 to 250 times and yielding frequencies 30-110 Hz with special filters. The curves with differentially amplified spike potentials (DASP) of the heart conductive system were recorded in 249 patients with various cardiac arrhythmias; the control group consisted of 60 healthy persons. By means of synchronous recording of intracardiac ECG and DASP curves on the latter well recognizable points for the determination of the excitation spreading rate in certain areas of the conductive system were distinguished. The recording of DASP-curves allowed the determination of intraatrial conduction disturbances, atrial overloading and distinguishing of retrograde conduction in atria, sinoventricular conduction, ectopic prefibrillatory activity and differentiation of paroxysmal tachycardias. The new method of recording of spike potentials of the atria from the body surface allows the diagnosis of the conduction disturbances and cardiac arrhythmias, including life threatening ones, which were previously determined using exclusively intracardiac ECG. The application of our method enables to increase the possibilities of the investigation of cardiac arrhythmias and conductive disturbances and allows a multiple examination and evaluation of the influence of drugs on the heart conductive system. PMID- 7281824 TI - [Young diabetics with universally specific angiopathy]. PMID- 7281825 TI - [The cardiovascular risk profile in patients with disorders of glucose tolerance (borderline diabetes) dependent on the heredity of the diabetes]. AB - In the statement of the profile of the cardiovascular risk of 1,780 persons evaluable data on a probable heredity of diabetes of 1st degree were got. Taking into consideration the same age groups no differences could be found concerning the heredity of diabetes between persons with carbohydrate tolerance lying in the borderline region (oral glucose tolerance test in the modification of the European study group for epidemiology of diabetes) and newly detected diabetics, whereas normal persons showed significantly more infrequently an occurrence of diabetes in near relatives. Taking into consideration the same age and sex of the comparative couples (150 biostatistic twins each) borderline diabetics with and without heredity of diabetes had an identical profile of risk with restriction to 5 generally accepted cardiovascular sizes of influence (overweight, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and hyperuricaemia). An existing heredity of diabetes does not increase the signs of risk associated with the carbohydrate intolerance. PMID- 7281823 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities using contrast echocardiography]. AB - The contrast echocardiography is based on the occurrence of micro-bubbles in the blood which are stable for a short time and which are passed on the blood stream. These micro-bubbles reflected the ultrasound waves and are represented as contrast echos in the cavities of the heart and the large vessels. They are produced by a bolus injection of saline, glucose, dye (ujoviridin) or the patients' own blood into a peripheral vein or a cavity of the heart. This procedure enables intracardiac insufficiency to be recognized. While the peripheral venous injection is sufficient for differentiating a right-to-left shunt at atrial, ventricular or vascular level, the diagnosis of a left-to-right shunt or of a valvular insufficiency must be made by an injection within a cardiac catheterization. Our results with parasternal and suprasternal transducer position are demonstrated. PMID- 7281827 TI - [Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in chronic obstructive bronchitis]. AB - The establishment of the hydroxyproline excretion in the urine is done in a normal collective of healthy persons, 68 patients with bronchitis in the compensated and 25 patients with bronchitis in the decompensated stage. The comparison of the mean value by means of the Scheffe-test results in significant differences between the normal collective and the patients with bronchitis in the stage of decompensation. Though an increase of the hydroxyproline excretion in the urine in chronic bronchitis with formation of an emphysema is a prognostically unfavourable prediction, this method cannot be recommended for a broader application in practice. The main reason for this is the danger of an incorrect interpretation on account of insufficient knowledge on the origin of hydroxyproline. PMID- 7281826 TI - [The hemodynamic profile of pentaerythrityl tetranitrate]. AB - On altogether 17 patients with different stages of the chronic ischaemic heart disease before and after oral application of 20 and 40 mg PETN in form of Pentalong HR, AP, PAEDP and CO were measured. According to this PETN proves to be haemodynamically active, since in the optimum of the effect it reduces the PAEDP independent on the initial pressure by on an average 30-40%. The beginning of the effect lies between 30 and 45 min. The duration of the effect is prolonged, when 40 mg are used. A consequent nitrotherapy with PETN demands 4-6 times 40 mg, in these cases remains without any side-effects and is indicated in accumulated angina pectoris for smoothing the course of PAEDP, in angina pectoris with latent or manifest left heart insufficiency and in increase of the filling pressure after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7281828 TI - [Behavior of ambulatory patients concerning the taking of medicine]. AB - In 296 patients from a rural district the behaviour concerning the intake of medicaments was observed. After prescription of riboflavin-tablets over a period of 10 days three times an examination of the urine for signs of fluorescence was performed. Apart from this in a consultation of the physician finishing the test a control of not consumed remedies was performed. Hypertensive patients and patients with acute disease took the medicaments prescribed by the physician very unreliably. On the other hand, patients in the postconvalescence phase after myocardial infarction showed an essentially better intake discipline. In the majority of cases the irregular intake of medicaments was not admitted. A one time consultation on necessity and performance of the medicamentous therapy clearly increased the intake reliability during the examination period in a part of the patients. PMID- 7281829 TI - [Behavior of serum lipid parameters--results of a longitudinal gerontologic study]. AB - Within the Leipzig longitudinal study from 1968 to 1978 in 158 test persons (46 males, 112 females) cholesterol and the total fatty acid spectre were gas chromatographically determined in regular intervals. Serum cholesterol as well as proportions of linoleic acid increased significantly. By the significant decrease of the palmitic acid the percentages of the saturated fatty acids altogether decreased despite increase of stearic acid. In these cases the differences between males and females as well as between persons with normal weight and overweight more and more evened up. Ascertained correlations existed between reduction of the relative weight and decrease or more insignificant increase of cholesterol on the one hand and increase of linoleic acid on the other. The latter phenomenon is above all to be traced back to the fat-reduced diet and to the diet rich in polyene fatty acids which was more and more applied mainly by older test persons in the course of the longitudinal study, which thus may lead to antiatherogenic constellations of serum fatty acids. PMID- 7281830 TI - [Lipoprotein lipase activity in healthy subjects and patients with metabolic disorders]. AB - The activity of the post-heparin-lipase as well as of the cholesterol and triglyceride levels of test persons with normal weight and obese test persons of different age groups was established: 1. In normal persons (males and females) in mature age (30-45 years) a decrease of the enzyme activity takes place which is connected with an increase of the triglyceride content. Above all in older females a repeated increase of the post-heparin-lipase activity was observed, which positively correlates with the triglyceride level. While the decreases of the enzyme activity in mature age may be connected with processes of ageing, a repeated increase of the enzyme activity in older persons is perhaps induced by the increase of the triglyceride level. 2. Obese persons show higher enzyme activities in all age groups examined. Also in obese persons in mature age a decrease of the activity of post-heparin-lipase is to be established. The ageing development of the enzyme activity of the post-heparin-lipase is similar to that of normal persons, takes place, however, at a higher level. 3. The cholesterol and triglyceride levels of the obese persons examined were on an average higher than those of normal persons of the same age group. A dependence of age of these parameters was not observed in the adipose patients. PMID- 7281831 TI - [Long-term effects of weight reduction on body weight and metabolic parameters in adipose non-diabetics and adipose maturity-onset diabetics]. AB - In 28 adipose patients (15 females, 13 males) with normal carbohydrate tolerance and in 35 adipose maturity-onset-diabetics (27 females, 8 males) a significant reduction of the ideal weight index was achieved by a stationary zero diet. The serum fasting values of triglycerides. cholesterol and uric acid decreased. The clearest influence was found in pathologically increased values. This also concerns the improvement of the glucose tolerance in diabetics, which is expressed in the change of the antidiabetic regime. 48.5 +/- 11.7 months after the cure in the after-examined patients with normal carbohydrate tolerance (n = 27) a slight decrease of the weight, in the group of diabetics (n = 31) a slight increase was observed. Despite these slight, non-significant changes of weight the situation in the carbohydrate, fat and purin metabolism on an average deteriorated. PMID- 7281832 TI - [Therapy of hypertriglyceridemia from a pathophysiological viewpoint]. PMID- 7281833 TI - [The incidence of adverse effects of drugs in a pulmonary disease clinic]. AB - In a prospective study carried out at a pulmonary clinic over a period of 14 months a side-effect rate of medicaments running to 22.67% was found out in 878 patients continuously admitted to the clinic. The acquisition of the side-effects of medicaments on the condition of a maximum patient compliance was realized by means of computer-oriented questionnaires. The 199 side-effects affected 24.18% women and 21.60% men. The highest rate of side-effects was found among women older than 61 years. 81.41% of side-effects occurred during hospital treatment, 17.51% existed already at the time of admission to hospital and 1.01% caused directly admission to hospital. The specific diseases and sarcoidoses showed the highest rate of side-effects running to 31.30%. The most frequent manifestation of side-effects was at the gastro-intestinal tract (30.48%) and at the skin (22.36%). 60.80% of the side-effects were proved to have a certain connection to medication. Most of the side-effects (56.91%) were moderately serious. According to pathogenesis toxic side-effects (47.56%) were predominant. In the treatment of pulmonary patterns of a disease 4 risk groups of medicaments with the following side-effect rate were found: antibiotics (17.51%), cytostatics (14.29%), antituberculotics (12.73%) and corticosteroids (10.53%). The side-effects of medicaments caused a prolongation of the cure per patient by 8.8 days on an average. PMID- 7281834 TI - [Changes in cellular immunity during peritoneal dialysis]. AB - In 8 patients with chronic peritoneal dialysis before and after 24-hour peritoneal dialysis examinations on the cellular immunity were performed (lymphocyte blast transformation with PHA and Con A, ADCC). There was no difference to the normal findings in healthy control persons. Blast transformation decreased during peritoneal dialysis, no changes were visible with ADCC. Compared with reports in literature concerning regular hemodialysis therapy the state of cellular immunity in chronic peritoneal dialysis seemed to be superior. PMID- 7281836 TI - [Therapeutic plasmapheresis in the treatment of plasmacytoma]. AB - In high concentrations of paraproteins in the plasma in the plasmocytoma a hyperviscosity syndrome appears which is characterized by severe disturbances of circulation in various organs. Apart from the usual intermittent cytostatic therapy with melphalan and prednisone in the phase of the primary treatment the therapy of the hypoviscosity syndrome is of particular importance. In these cases in our clinic the therapeutic plasmapheresis stood the test. It is reported on three patients with plasmocytoma and hyperviscosity syndrome, in whom in 1979 apart from the cytostatic treatment repeatedly plasmapheresis were carried out. Furthermore, references to the practical performance of the plasmapheresis with reinfusion of the autologous erythrocytes are given. On the basis of the impressionable improvement of the hyperviscosity syndrome, the slight cost and expenditure of time as well as of the minimum load of the patients the plasmapheresis is recommended as a firm constituent of the therapy of the plasmocytoma. PMID- 7281835 TI - [The effect of norethisterone acetate and 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-estradiol-3-methyl ether on the serum lipid levels]. AB - Noraethisterone acetate in a dosage of 5 mg/day led to a decrease of the triglyceride and beta-lipoprotein level in the blood serum in postclimacteric patients. In females with hypercholesterolamias by 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-oestra diol-3-methylether a decrease of cholesterol by 12.9% was achieved. The sexualspecific properties of these connections forbid, however, a long-term therapy of hyperlipoproteinaemias. PMID- 7281837 TI - [Hereditary polyposis]. AB - 1. The familial polyposis coli is a precancerosis. At an age of about 40 years the majority of the untreated carriers of symptoms dies of the malignant degeneration of a multiple polyp in colon and rectum. The only promising therapy is the possibly extensive removal of all polyps. Only the early total or subtotal colectomy, the latter with an ileorectal anastomosis, come into consideration. In these cases a life-long control of the rectum is necessary. The heredity is dominantly autosomal. 2. In the Peutz-Jeghers-syndrome numerous. In most cases benign polyps are found in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract, above all in the small intestine. Complications are haemorrhages and invaginations due to weakness of the connective tissue of the intestinal wall. Resections of the intestine are necessary only in appearances of the ileus. The diagnosis can easily be made at the above all perioral pigment patches. Irregularly dominant heredity. On the basis of two own family observations the importance of the genetic family consultation is emphasized. PMID- 7281838 TI - [Differential diagnosis of polyarthritis and polyarthrosis of the hands]. AB - In a short survey the clinical symptoms are discussed, which are of importance for the differential diagnosis of the various forms of polyarthritis and polyarthrosis in the region of the hands, in which case above all the so-called clinical view must be educated. PMID- 7281839 TI - [Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy at rest and under stress]. PMID- 7281840 TI - [Diagnostic transesophageal atrial stimulation as a sinus node function test. I. Normal values and comparison with right atrial stimulation]. AB - For the non-invasive functional analysis of the sinus node diagnostic transoesophageal atrial stimulations were performed. By means of transoesophageal premature individual stimulation we succeeded in a calculation of the so-called sinuatrial conduction time in 112 of 118 normal persons (ESACT = 103 +/- 23.5 ms). In comparison to the results in right-atrial stimulation the transoesophageally established times were 20 to 30 ms longer. By means of transoesophageal atrial stimulation with higher frequency in 64 healthy test persons the recreation time of the sinus node was determined in 64 healthy test persons (ESNRT = 968 +/- 218 ms). Taking into consideration the double standard deviation in an upper limit of 1,400 ms was the result which corresponds to the limit in intraatrial stimulation. In the direct comparison of the transoesophageal and right-atrial stimulation technique in patients with and without syndrome of the sinus node for the sinuatrial conduction time (r = 0.81, n = 51) as well as for the recreation time of the sinus node (r = 0.90, n = 36) relatively good correspondences were found. In the transoesophageal stimulation, however, the larger distance of the place of stimulation from the marginal area of the sinus node, the conduction of the impulse over the left to the right atrium as well as a possible vagal irritation are to be taken into consideration. PMID- 7281841 TI - [Comparative biochemical studies in asymptomatic hyperuricemia and manifest gout with special reference to renal change]. AB - It is reported on results of comparative biochemical examinations in asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and manifest gout. Restriction of the urate clearance of the kidney, which could be proved also in young patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia, and a disturbance of the lipid metabolism which appeared in most cases are discussed from the pathogenetic point of view, in which cases the hyperlipoproteinaemia is regarded as a possible partial pathogenetic factor. For the separation of serum and urine the polyacrylamide gel-pore gradient electrophoresis was used. Using a modifiable concentration gradient this method is superior to the usual disc electrophoresis. The distribution pattern of the types of haptoglobin established by serum separation showed clear deviations from the normal distribution in hyperuricaemia or manifest gout and may be explained as a reference to the influence of genetic factors. By parallel performed electrophoretic separation of serum and urine a microproteinuria could be established and differentiated between glomerular and tubular proteinuria which is regarded as an early symptom of renal changes and was already present in 9 of 20 young patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. These findings emphasize the necessity of an early renal diagnostics. PMID- 7281842 TI - [Double pylorus]. AB - It is reported on the endoscopic proof of a double pylorus in a 57-year-old patient. The anamnesis of ulcer of many years and a florid prepyloric gastric ulcer refer to the ulcerous origin of this anomaly. It is referred to the diagnostic importance of the gastroscopy of the acquired or congenital duplication of the pylorus channel which is difficult to be represented radiologically with regard to the avoidance of possible diagnostic errors (e.g. carcinoma of the antrum). PMID- 7281843 TI - [Acute kidney failure]. PMID- 7281844 TI - [Glycolysis during hypothermic storage preservation of the liver]. AB - Porcine livers were preserved for 6 hours by simple hypothermic storage using plasma-protein-fraction, albumin, Collins C2, Ringer solution, and Ring-trickle perfusion. Following glycolytic metabolites were examined: G6P, F6P, FDP, GAP, 2PG, PEP, pyruvate, and lactate. An alteration of glycolytic metabolite-profile by the different preservation methods was not seen. There is a limitation of glycolysis by the pyruvate-kinase-reaction. Glycolysis decreases depending from preservation time. An artificial increasing of glycogen or rate of glycolysis before hepatectomy seems to be without any effect. PMID- 7281846 TI - [Evaluation of the preserved state of dog lungs by means of oxidative and phosphorylative functions in mitochondria]. AB - The preservative state of dog lungs was estimated by means of parameters of the oxidative and phosphorylative function in mitochondria. The function of the mitochondria was tested polarographically before and 24 respectively 48 hours after preserving. After 24 hours the function of the mitochondria was not essentially changed. After 48 hours there were observed considerable changes. The change became visible in a decrease of the volume of the respiratory activity of the mitochondria. It was a characteristic reaction of small energetic mitochondria. The results prove the preservation of viability of the lung tissue after a 24-hours' preservation respectively the restriction of the viability after 48 hours. PMID- 7281845 TI - [Behavior of adenine nucleotides ATP, ADP and AMP in liver preservation]. AB - Porcine livers were preserved by simple hypothermic storage using plasma-protein fraction (PPF), albumin- (A), Collins C2- (C), Ringer-solution or Ringer trickle perfusion. Adenine nucleotides were examined. The highest ATP-concentration after 6 hours was achieved by PPF. The sum of adenine nucleotides differed only slightly in PPF-, A-, or C-preservation and was higher than after R- or RT preservation. The terminal concentration solution is given. An artificial increasing in AdN-content before hepatectomy is probably without any effect. PMID- 7281848 TI - [Healing of fractures and soft tissues depending on tissue pressure (animal experiment)]. PMID- 7281850 TI - [Experimental brain death]. AB - There is described a method for cerebral circulatory standstill by means of an isolated intra vital sink of cerebral vessels with Kallocryl C and it is compared with other methods. This methods is the most suitable model. Indeed it is connected with only a single response of the circulatory system in contrast to the most frequent clinical progresses. The final condition, however, corresponds to the isolated brain death of the organ donor. Long time examinations are possible. PMID- 7281847 TI - [Physical alterations in cadaver legs depending upon experimentally produced conditions of swelling]. AB - There was produced a swelling by injection of a defined water quantity into the fascial layers of corpse shanks. Then dates were found out in connection with the increase of circumference, volume, plane, pressure and wound dehiscence in the swelling state. Information was given on the order of the traction necessary for the knotting of the sutures and also on the operative technique needed therefore. PMID- 7281849 TI - [An experimental animal model of aortic coarctation]. AB - There was developed a model of animal experiments for clearing up some questions in connection with the Coarctation aortae (for instance hypertension in the postoperative phase, hypertrophy in the left chamber of the heart and protection of myocardium during the operation). Stripes and ligatures of the aorta create a substrate deviating from the human disease. We put up a model of animal experiments in which the stenosis is produced by means of the extravascular application of electrical direct current of anodic polarization. The employment of direct current guarantees an extensive standardization and reproduction of experimental methodology. PMID- 7281852 TI - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis: Report of 3 cases with special reference to its non-surgical treatment. AB - Three patients with pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis had been reported. All patients are females with lesions in the left and sigmoid colon, grouped as idiopathic etiology. Two patients are in middle age, workers in the manufacturing plant for electric apparatus. One patient received surgical resection of the affected segment. After oral antibiotics treatment, one patient was resected only the intensely affected segment, so that many cysts were still remained, but they disappeared after 3 weeks. One patient was treated with lactobacillus preparations and lactulose. Her subjective symptoms and fecal occult blood disappeared, and X-ray studies and endoscopic examination revealed an almost complete recovery. PMID- 7281851 TI - [Quantitative investigations of the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa in endoscopically obtained biopsy material. Findings in patients with coeliac disease, patients with partially resected small intestine in Crohn's disease and in patients with small intestine resection for other reasons (author's transl)]. AB - During an endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, biopsy material of the small intestine was obtained and structure and function of the small intestinal mucosa was investigated. The data were then compared with published results, gained by normally performed blind biopsy techniques. For that the findings of three groups of patients (1. patients with coeliac disease [9], 2, patients with ileal resection due to ileitis terminalis Crohn [9], 3. patients with partially resection of the small intestine due to other reasons [4]) were compared with healthy controls (10). The results indicate that obtaining small intestinal biopsy material endoscopically enables a valid characterization of differentiated properties of the small bowel mucosa. The data of the patients with coeliac disease are in complete agreement with the criteria of this syndrome, published in the literature. On the other hand the results of the group with partial resection of the small intestine resection (without chronic inflammatory bowel disease) show all signs of adaptive mucosal hyperplasia of the remaining small intestine. However, patients with Crohn's disease did not show any adaptive response to small bowel resection. PMID- 7281853 TI - [Comparison of the effects of natural and synthetic secretin on the exocrine secretion of the human pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - In 16 healthy male subjects the effects of natural and synthetic secretin on the function of the exocrine pancreas were compared. Following; stimulation with secretin in all cases pancreozymin was injected to ascertain normal pancreatic secretory capacity. The methods applied corresponded to those used in the multicenter study of the European Pancreatic Club. No significant differences were found between the results concerning volume of secretion, maximal bicarbonate concentration, maximal bicarbonate output and enzyme secretion rates after stimulation with natural and synthetic secretin, respectively. It is concluded that the synthetic peptide can be utilized in the same way as the natural product in the secretin-pancreozymin-test. PMID- 7281854 TI - [Total duodenopancreatectomy in chronic relapsing pancreatitis: report of 18 cases]. AB - In 1976-1979 a total duodenopancreatectomy was employed in 18 patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis. Indication for operation in all patients was due to pain long year lasting, and resistant to therapy efforts. Indication was also given, for we recorded in 15 patients loss of weight of 15 kg on an average, because eating was very painful for these patients. 4 patients were jaundiced, in another two patients we suspected a pancreasneoplasm preoperatively. For ten patients we observed a postoperative period without any complication, two patients died postoperatively. Later on patients were mostly affected by diabetes, which could not be controlled at all, while maldigestion could be treated easily. Therefore total duodenopancreatectomy should not be the general operative treatment in chronic pancreatitis and should rather be reserved for special cases. PMID- 7281855 TI - Simultaneous addition of 16, 16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2 prevents aspirin and bile salt damage to human gastric musoca. PMID- 7281856 TI - [Is pseudomembranous colitis infectious? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281858 TI - 8th international symposium on gastrointestinal motility. September 7--11, 1981, Koenigstein, F. R. Germany, outline of program + abstracts. PMID- 7281857 TI - [Ultrastructural morphometric investigations on mouse liver after treatment with phalloidin and alpha-amanitin followed by application of silybin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281860 TI - [Contact dermatitis symposium]. PMID- 7281859 TI - [Comparative dermatology: trichotillomania (author's transl)]. PMID- 7281861 TI - [Fasciitis necroticans -- erysipelas grangrenosum: two different clinical entities? (author's transl)]. AB - Among the bacterial infections of the skin the so called fasciitis necroticans has until now received little attention in dermatological literature. The clinical picture shows great similarity to erysipelas grangrenosum. Considering the fact, that the primary infection involves the subcutaneous fatty tissue and especially in light of the different bacterial etiology with the resulting differences in therapy, it seems justified to classify fasciitis necroticans as a separate entity. PMID- 7281862 TI - [Findings after vasectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations in a collective of 73 men sterilized by vasectomy showed, that the preoperative explanations about possible complaints were insufficient. This concerns too in pointing out the necessity of contraception methods after the operation until andrological examination has proved the success of the sterilisation. PMID- 7281863 TI - [Andrological problems with foreign workers (author's transl)]. AB - Since 20 years more and more foreign workers are employed in the Federal Republic of Germany. In view of the innumerable so far unsolved social problems like for example housing and school problems the ambition to have many children seems to be paradox at first glance. In the home country of the men the children are in important factor of protection concerning age and illness. If these people don't succeed in getting a child of their own, they react with despair and depression. The ability of the man to guarantee the subsequent existence depends among others from the number of children he generates and this is at the same time an important way of documenting his virility. And in addition to that it may be assumed that the relations mentioned above will be enforced by religious norms. PMID- 7281864 TI - [Left ventricular wall motion. A comparison of six evaluation methods (author's transl)]. AB - LV wall motion from monoplan, RAO projected LV angiograms is one of the most important parameters for LV function studies. Different methods to describe wall motion are reported in the lit., including procedures to correct distortions from x-ray techniques. With physiological contraction patterns as the basis a method is described, in which systolic contraction is performed radially with its center being the mean point of the diastolic long axis of the projected LV area. Wall motion was measured at 20 degrees distances circular around mean point, starting from the aorta. The mean deviation of the systolic long axis frm diastolic one was 8.5 degrees. This angle was corrected. The comparison of this procedure with six other methods reported in the lit. shows, that there are differences in wall motion up to 100%, depending on the model used. We conclude, that a standardized procedure to measure wall motion is necessary, which is described here. PMID- 7281865 TI - [Incidence and quality of collaterals in coronary heart disease estimation of size and function in the angiogram by a score-system (author's transl)]. AB - 345 angiograms obtained from consecutively catheterized patients with ischemic heart disease (112 without infarction, 215 with infarction, 18 with possible small infarction) were studied for the presence and quality of collateral coronary vessels. Patients were classified according to one- two-, or three vessel disease as well as the percentage of coronary occlusion. Collateral quality was quantified using a point system (collateral score) which included four individual criteria: 1) degree of opacification, 2) quality of retrograde filling, 3) extent of collateralization, and 4) flow rate. Good reproducibility was obtained using this approach. The development of 10 various collateral types is dependent upon the stenosed coronary artery. Collaterals are only demonstrable when vessels narrowing exceeds 60 percent. With more severe degrees of stenosis both collateral incidence (%) and score are increased. The individual range of collateral development for any given degree of stenosis varies widely. The coronary score appears to represent a useful, semiquantitative means of assessing the functional significance of collateral vessels in man. PMID- 7281866 TI - [Insertion of permanent endocardial pacing electrodes through the subclavian vein: results of a five-year period (author's transl)]. AB - 559 permanent pacemaker implantations were accomplished between October 1, 1974, and September 30, 1979: 542 through the right subclavian vein, 10 through the left subclavian vein and 7 through the jugular veins. We prefer to make the incision first, then inserting the needle through the opened wound under fluoroscopic control. Pneumothorax was noted in 5 cases = 0.9 percent, only 2 patients required chest tubes, there were no permanent sequelae. Dislocation of the electrodes occurred in 6.6 percent, in the last 12 months only in 4.7 percent, using primarily leads with shoulder tip. This method is contraindicated in patients with chronic emphysema with bronchial obstruction, retrosternal struma or subclavian thrombosis. We have found that this technique, carefully applied, affords a rapid, safe, relatively atraumatic method of permanent transvenous electrode placement. PMID- 7281867 TI - [Abnormal pacing following defibrillation - exit block after microdislocation of the electrode (author's transl)]. AB - Two days after a 52-year-old patient with coronary heart disease (third degree-av block and ventricular rhythm, permanent pacemaker treatment) had a pacemaker replacement, bradycardia and pacemaker exit block occurred. After defibrillation with 300 Ws pacemaker for spontaneous ventricular fibrillation, entrance block and new fibrillation were observed. Further defibrillation lead to raising the frequency of the pacemaker and to abnormal stimulation, which in turn triggered irreversibly ventricular fibrillation and the death of the patient. Autopsy showed a micro-dislocation of the electrode and the pacemaker showed a defect of the Zener diode and abnormal stimulation with 4000 Hz ith a pulse width of 240 275 ms and a pulse interval of 1010 ms. We like to point out the importance of the stimulation threshold measurement following pacemaker replacement because of early diagnosis of electrode dislocation that can lead to ventricular fibrillation. We also describe the complication of defibrillation with a pacemaker patient and give advice for prevention of its occurrence. PMID- 7281868 TI - [Echocardiographic values of healthy children in relation to ergometric performance (author's transl)]. AB - The results of echocardiographic and ergometric studies on 22 children are presented. These children were involved in a daily lesson of gymnastics, swimming or rollerskating of one hour duration. Depending on the exhaustion during ergometry, the maximal parameters showed the same results as known from the literature. There were also no different results of echocardiographic values compared with weight or body surface related data of normal subjects. Normal values for echocardiographic data are presented and discussed with parameters of the maximal performance of the children. From that it is concluded that these sport activities do not influence the dimensions of the heart and its function because of the low intensity and short duration of the additional training lessons in contrast to the high spontaneous motoric activities of children. PMID- 7281869 TI - [Reconstruction of underdeveloped right ventricle and tricuspid hypoplasia (author's transl)]. AB - Total correction of underdeveloped right ventricle related to tricuspid hypoplasia has been performed in 6 patients at the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery University Gottingen. In 5 patients reconstruction of a four-chamber-four-valved heart could be accomplished. 1 patient with a poor result after Fontan's operation, performed one year previously, showed a significant growth in size of the hypoplastic right ventricle in the postoperative angiogram, but died 14 hours after reoperation. Prior to corrective surgery, 4 patients required 1 or 2 palliative procedures: 3 Glenn- and 2 Blalock Taussig operations and a pulmonary valvulotomy in 1 patient. A Hancock-valved conduit was inserted between the right atrium and the hypoplastic right ventricle as an inlet of this chamber after closure of the ASD and VSD in 4 patients. The conduits are bypassing the hypoplastic tricuspid valve orifices closed during corrective surgery. In the remainder 2 patients with moderate tricuspid and right ventricle hypoplasia, closure of the ASD was performed only. Anomalous muscle bundles and fibrous tissue inside the right ventricular cavity were resected surgically, safely. 4 to 12 months after corrective surgery the 5 survivors were investigated by cardiac catheterization. In the 3 patients operated with a valved conduit there was a moderate growth in size of the hypoplastic right ventricle, the right atrial pressure was elevated and ranged from p = 14 to 16 mm Hg. There was a slight right atrial-right ventricular gradient of 4 mm Hg across the valved conduit. The 2 patients with closure of the ASD and VSD only had a nearly normal sized right ventricle and a right atrial pressure of p = 10 mm Hg or less at the postoperative right ventricle and a right atrial pressure of p = 10 mm Hg or less at the postoperative investigation. All of them were acyanotic and had an improved or normal exercise tolerance. We concluded that reconstruction of an underdeveloped right ventricle in well-selected cases will yield more physiological benefits than do current surgical procedures, in which a conduit is interposed between the right atrium and the main pulmonary artery. PMID- 7281870 TI - [Traumatic ruptures of the aorta descendens following closed-chest cardiac massage (author's transl)]. AB - Two autopsy cases with traumatic rupture of the aorta descendens during closed chest massage are presented. Etiology and physical and anatomic conditions are discussed. PMID- 7281871 TI - [A new method for the application of test solutions with capillary pipettes for mini-thin-layer chromatography]. PMID- 7281872 TI - [Modification of a rapid test for the determination of the resistance of aerobic germs]. PMID- 7281873 TI - [Quantification of hemagglutination reactions using the microtiter attachment to the spectral colorimeter based on measurement of scattered light]. PMID- 7281874 TI - [Rationalization of laboratory diagnosis in lung diseases]. PMID- 7281875 TI - [Use of an enzyme electrode with immobilized glucose oxidase in the fluid system for the determination of glucose in body fluids]. PMID- 7281876 TI - The use of high-voltage electrophoresis in the toxicological chemistry of a clinical laboratory. PMID- 7281877 TI - [Prenatal development of connective and supportive tissue in the inferior nasal concha of man]. AB - At histological sections of 16 human noses from the 3rd fetal month up to the newborn stage the continuous increase of collagen structures in the connective and holding tissue aging of the inferior nasal concha were investigated with conventional histological, polarisationsoptical and histochemical technics. It was stated that from the 3rd up to the 5th fetal month a mesenchyme in the process of changing is present and in the 5th fetal month a fibre texture like in adults can be seen. The ossification of the chondral frame work of the concha to a double lamella begins in the 5th fetal month, but isn't completely finished in the newborn. The concentration of neutral polysaccharides and glycosaminoglycanes increases with the onset of fiber formation and ossification. PMID- 7281878 TI - [Prenatal and postnatal development of tissue]. PMID- 7281879 TI - Histological study on the retrocerebral-endocrine complex with special reference to neurohaemal involvement of aorta and pericardial cells in Coccinella septempunctata (L.) (Coccinellidae-Coleoptera). AB - About nine median neurosecretory cells (NSC) are situated in the antero-dorsal position on either side of the pars intercerebralis of the brain. No lateral NSC could be detected. The axonic bundles, after their decussation, emerge out of the brain in the form of a single nervi corporis cardiaci (NCC) on either side. These soon undergo a dichotomy--one set of nerve fibers enter the lobulated corpus cardiacum (CC) and the other set ramify over the surface of the aorta and sends out distinct branches to the individual large, oval-shaped, pericardial cells all along the length of the aorta. Presence of neurosecretory material (NSM) could be demonstrated both in aortal wall as well as along the nerve branches that innervate the pericardial cells. Traces of NSM could be detected within the cytoplasm of the pericardial cells. While the involvement of aorta and pericardial cells, as an additional neurohaemal organs was well documented for several species of Hemiptera, the present report for Coleoptera seems to be new and of considerable interest. Thus it would seem that the role of the aorta and pericardial cells as accessory neurohaemal organ is perhaps of wider occurrence than was hitherto believed. The irregularly lobulated CC contains copious amounts of thick clumps of NSM which, by and large, tends to show a peripheral distribution. Few intrinsic secretory cells are noticeable. The CC, at its postero-lateral border forms a cap- or hood-like projection that partially overlaps the corpus allatum (CA) below. At the mesial border, the CC sends out a lobe which seems to fuse with the aortal wall. The shape of CA shows individual variation. In some, it is oval while in others it is spherical, but always with a well defined outline. No allatal nerve is demonstrable. Instead, the CA is broadly connected with the hood region of the CC. AF-positive material is also detectable in the CA, which also tends to be peripherilly distributed. PMID- 7281882 TI - Cerebellar afferent projection to the inferior colliculus of the mesencephalic tectum. An anterograde degeneration study in the rabbit. AB - Studies were conducted on twelve rabbits which were lesioned in various regions of the cortex and cerebellar nuclei. The survival time, in ten animals, was found 4 to 10 days and in one animal 375 days. In the twelfth rabbit further lesions were made in the fastigial nucleus, 380 days after multiple lesions of the posterior cerebellar region. Survival time, in this case, was 9 days. Frozen sections of the cerebellum and brain stem were impregnated according to the Nauta Gygax modified method (NAUTA 1957, Fink-Heimer 1967, Loewy 1969) and the course and termination of the nerve fibres into the inferior colliculus of the mesencephalic tectum has been studied. Degenerative fibres in this region of the brain stem were seen only after lesion of the fastigial nucleus or of its efferent fibres. The nucleus fastigii project the fibres to the inferior colliculus nuclei on both sides in the ascending ramus of the uncinatus fasciculus. These fibres reach the inferior colliculus nuclei mainly on the contralateral side and, to a lesser degree, on the same side. Results of the studies are discussed in the light of the latest neurophysiological researches. PMID- 7281880 TI - Structural localization of calcium binding sites in the neuromuscular junction after supramaximal stimulation. AB - Rat motor end plates were supramaxillary stimulated by means of acute systemic inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Electron micrographs obtained from samples subjected to perfusion with a calcium-containing (5 mM) aldehyde fixative demonstrates profound alterations in the fine structures and localization of calcium binding sites, markedly differring from those prevailing in the resting state and/or under conditions of physiological function. Neither "A" sites at the active zones of the synapse, nor "B" sites within the terminal proper, which are apparent in the resting state, do bind calcium after supramaximal stimulation which is characterized by a conspicuous vacuolization of the sole plate, brought about by destruction of the post-synaptic mitochondria. Calcium binding after supramaximal stimulation is partly postsynaptic (in granules of varying sizes within the sole plate) partly presynaptic (in synaptic vesicles, as well as in the whole extent of the presynaptic membrane). Limited resolving power of light microscopy and artificial translocation of the reaction product of the histochemical reaction may account for the earlier interpretation of exclusively post-synaptic localization of calcium after supramaximal stimulation. PMID- 7281881 TI - Changes of the peripheral autonomic nervous system in altered internal environment. AB - The effect of indirect reversible or irreversible environmental changes of a target organ on its innervation and the adaptation capacity and mechanisms of the peripheral autonomic nervous system were studied in experimental models such as acute and chronic CCl4 poisoning, ligature of the common bile duct and partial hepatectomy. Organospecific changes were found to be accompanied by characteristic changes of the peripheral autonomic nervous system. In the acute, tissue-destructive stage innervation is impaired. The liver possessing a reduced number of nerve fibres responds to noradrenaline with a reaction different from denervation hypersensitivity. This impaired innervation was termed as neurally desaturated. In the compensated phase of organospecific changes the transformed tissue functional units acquire a newly formed innervation. Adaptation of nerves happens by changes in innervation pattern and the amount of fibres. It is concluded that the experimentally altered internal environment transforms the target organ, which, in turn, can be regulated only by an adequately altered control unit. This latter, the peripheral autonomic nervous system, carries out this alteration by the formation of new nerves the growth of which is not guided by a preformed Schwann-cell network. PMID- 7281883 TI - Histoenzymic studies on the epididymis of camel. PMID- 7281884 TI - Mucosubstances in the cervix uteri of the Indian langur monkey, Presbytis entellus entellus (Dufrense). AB - Mucosubstances in the cervix uteri of the Indian langur monkey, Presbytis entellus entellus was studied during non-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation. Cells of the cervical epithelium and glands elaborated neutral, sialo- and sulfomucins during non-pregnancy. The concentration of these mucins was low during early pregnancy but increased during late pregnancy. The concentration of mucins was higher during later part of pregnancy than during non-pregnant stage which decline during lactation. Significance of mucins in cervix uteri and probable hormonal control over their elaboration is discussed. PMID- 7281886 TI - The carotid body of the pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.). An electron microscopy study. AB - In the pheasant, the carotid body lies laterally to the common carotid artery, is partly surrounded by parathyroid tissue and is immediately adjacent to the ultimobranchial body. In some cases these tissues intermingle. The cellular component of the carotid body consists primarily of granular endocrine cells, which are arranged in islands and lie in immediate proximity to wide capillaries and nerve fibres. A quantitative evaluation of granule size frequencies in these main cells, which we divided into three types, showed, inter alia, that the types represented three stages of cell differentiation, type III being the most mature cells. Only this last, i.e. mature, type can be used for differentiation from the granular cells of the ultimobranchial body of the same species, from which they differ. In addition, the main carotid body cells are typically surrounded by sustentacular cells. Numerous contacts with the terminal parts of axons were found on the main cells. PMID- 7281885 TI - Mucins of the fallopian tube of the Indian goat Capra hircus (Linn.). AB - Glycogen in the ciliated cells of the epithelium of the Fallopian tube of Capra hircus, undergoes no variation during the different phases of the reproductive cycle. The nonciliated secretory cells show glycogen, neutral, sialo- and sulfomucins during the estrous period, the intensity of reaction being less in the isthmus region. During early pregnancy there is an overall decrease in the mucins content. Sulfomucins are absent from the infundibular region and acid mucins are not observed in the isthmus during early pregnancy. PMID- 7281887 TI - Histoenzymic studies on the testis of camel. PMID- 7281889 TI - [Dependence of carotid body structure on age in male rats (author's transl)]. AB - The ultrastructure of the carotid corpuscle has been studied on males Wistar rats, from their birth to eighteen months. In the course of the ageing of the animal, th cytology of the constitutive elements is altered. The size of the main cells is maximal at eleven months. If the Golgi apparatus and the mitochondria do not seem very altered, the granular vesicles, the number of the ribosomes, especially these in contact with the membranes of the granular endoplasmic reticulum diminish. The vacuolisation, increased after the first month, the cells in course of degeneration, and the cellular phantoms observed from the fifth month, reveal the very slow and gradual involution of the corpuscle. The lysosomes appear infrequent as early as their birth and their slow growth in size more significant than the growth in number conjunctively with an important fibrose characterizes the senescent corpuscle. All the corpuscles seem affected in the same way, since the amplitude of alterations do not vary much from one animal to another. So in the corpuscles of every rat over one year, the clear cells prevail, not very altered by the ageing process. PMID- 7281890 TI - Pigment granules in the tegumental yellow strips of social wasps: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - In social wasps the yellow pigment assumes the shape of quasi-cylindrical granules 0.6...0.8 microm long and 0.3...0.4 microm in diameter. These are mostly concentrated around the bases of the funnel-like cuticular sheath containing the cellular elements of the sense organ. Feeding colchicine to the wasps induces degeneration of the granules but the addition of xanthines to their diet render them refractory to the destructive action of colchicine. Changes in the size and shape of the granules with age and following continuous illumination are described. PMID- 7281888 TI - Histo-enzymological studies on the parotid salivary glands of goat. AB - The parotid salivary gland of the goat was studied histoenzymologically. It was found that AKPase was confined to the myoepithelial cells and blood capillaries. ACPase positive granules were concentrated in the luminal parts of acinar cells and along the intercellular canaliculi. NSE showed granular and apical localization in the ductal cells. The periductal nerve plexus had strong AChE and BuChE activities. The acinar cells presented moderate granular activity only for specific Che. CO, SDH, NADHD, NADPHD, G-6-PDH, ISCDH, LDH and GDH were demonstrated in the acinar and ductal cells with higher concentrations in th striated and interlobular ducts. PMID- 7281891 TI - [The activity of several dehydrogenases in both hemispheres of the hippocampus from rats during some phases of postnatal development (author's transl)]. AB - The activities of lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase, originating from rat hippocampus were determined 3, 10, 20 and 40 days post partum. Hemispheric asymmetry was tested using tetrazolium salt MTT bromide and the elution technique. It could be revealed that significant differences between enzymatic activities occur between both hemispheres of the hippocampus. The greatest difference observed was 14%. Our dates show that a predominantly left-side dominance takes place in the hippocampus. PMID- 7281892 TI - Ultrastructure (SEM, TEM) of the olfactory epithelium in the wels, Siluris glanis L. (Siluridae, Pisces). AB - The number of lamellae in a single olfactory rosette of the Silurus increases with age. In one-year-old specimens there are about 50 lamellae, while in the three-year-old ones their number rises to 109. The surface area of an average lamella increases from 2.5 mm2 to 8 mm2, respectively. Four continuous zones have been distinguished in the olfactory epithelium that covers the lamella: olfactory sensory, ciliary, glandular and marginal. These zones differ with respect to their cellular composition. The olfactory zone occupies 25...30% of the total surface of the epithelium. Receptor cells occur exclusively in this zone. Two types of olfactory receptor cells have been distinguished, flagellar and microvillous. Special attention is given to a third type of receptor cell (perhaps nonolfactory) the so called compound cilium receptor. Striated rootlets do not occur near the basal bodies in the flagellar olfactory receptor cells but they are found in the compound cilium ones. It is believed that the compound cilium receptor cell is sensitive to water flow between the lamellae. The formation of the sensory terminals on the olfactory receptor cells is totally completed in Silurus not earlier than between the first and second year of age. Both, sensory flagellum and compound cilium type of terminals appear earlier than the sensory microvilli. It is believed that the described types of the receptor cells are quite independent ones. PMID- 7281893 TI - [Asymmetrical gap junctions in the fish brain (author's transl)]. AB - Morphologically asymmetrical or symmetrical gap junctions are to be distinguished from each other by two features, first, by the distribution of amorphous electron dense cytoplasmic material and, second, by the presence or absence of vesicles. Morphologically asymmetrical gap junctions are therefore characterized by the presence of submembranous material only on one side of the contact. The distribution of this material along the synaptic membrane reveals different forms. In vertebrates, vesicles if present occur only on the opposite side of the junction. Comparing morphologically symmetrical and asymmetrical gap junctions with electrophysiologically rectifying or non-rectifying synapses it has to be stated that a correlation is not possible at this time. In a topografic sense it can be noted that dendrodentritic electric synapses are always symmetrically built, whereas axosomatic and axodendritic junctions are often asymmetrically formed. PMID- 7281894 TI - [Comparison of the developing temporal neocortex with the sensorimotor cortex in rats (author's transl)]. AB - The development of the cortical thickness, the length of apical dendrites and the total amount of apical dendrite spines of layer V pyramidal neurons in albino rat temporal and sensorimotor cortex in Golgi-Cox preparations is related to another during the first 3 postnatal months. The graphs demonstrate the relative growth of the features. The allometries are discussed in relation to general organizational processes during the postnatal rat ontogenesis (hearing, transition period with weaning and period of primary socialization according to Scott et al. 1974). PMID- 7281895 TI - [The Harderian gland--target for cyclic nonapeptide neurohypophyseal hormones. Autoradiographic studies on the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Among autoradiograms of different tissues prepared after intravenous injection of 3H-tyrosine oxytocin into male white rats, only those of the kidney and the Harderian gland, an exocrine gland in the orbit of most terrestrial vertebrates, displayed a saturable labelling, i.e., pretreatment of the rats with an excess of unlabelled oxytocin led to a significantly lowered tissue content of radioactivity. Liquid scintillation analysis confirmed this result. Moreover, besides the kidney only the Harderian gland proved to be labelled in autoradiograms prepared after intracarotid injection of 125I-lysine vasopressin into male white rats. The intensity of this label is enhanced in Brattleboro rats. The results strongly suggest that the Harderian gland represents a hitherto not recognized target for posterior pituitary cyclic nonapeptide hormones. Concerning the physiological role these hormones may play in the gland, the speculation is put forward that oxytocin like its role in the mammary gland might be involved in the regulation of Harderian gland secretory processes. PMID- 7281896 TI - [Genesis and differentiation of interdigitating cells in human lymph nodes (author's transl)]. AB - Genesis and differentiation of so-called interdigitating cells (IDC) of secondary lymphatic organs are reported by electron microscopic investigation of human lymph nodes in different cutaneous disorders. The formation of these cells apparently take place by differentiation of monocytic cells, in which a cyto morphological transition into typical IDC--showing characteristic tubulo vesicular structures--has been observed. Therefore, the IDC apparently represent a special structural and functional form of the monocytic-macrophagic system in lymph nodes and spleen. A hypertrophic reaction of these cells obviously takes place parallel with a decrease of electron density of the cytoplasm as well as an increase of the interdigitating cytoplasmic processes. Differentiated IDC also contain numerous T-lymphocytes within of the cytoplasm, which are partly situated quite near of the nucleus. However, the enclosed lymphocytes show no ultrastructural alterations. Therefore such "emperipolesis" may probably be a normal histo-morphological phenomenon of the lymph nodes whereas in immuno pathological conditions an accumulation of tubulovesicular structures as well as a decrease of the cytomorphological contacts between IDC and T-lymphocytes has been observed. PMID- 7281897 TI - [Half-of-the-sites reactivity of glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle with structural analogs of NAD (author's transl)]. AB - Omega-(3-Bromoacetylpyridinio)alkyldiphosphoadenosines with alkyl chain lengths of 2-6 methylene groups inactivate glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle. Half-of-the-Sites reactivity is observed in each case: The analogs are covalently bound to highly reactive cysteine residues in two of the four subunits. The remaining two subunits still bind NAD and the reactive SH-groups, although modified by SH-reagents of low molecular weight are not labeled by any of the brominated coenzyme models. This behaviour may be explained by the assumption, that the modification of 2 subunits induces structural changes in the neighboured unoccupied subunits which prevent any attack on reactive cysteine residues caused by fixation and orientation of the bromoketo-coenzyme analog when bound to the active center. Structural similarities of the covalently bound coenzyme analogs in the active center and the native ternary GAPDH-NAD-substrate complex suggest that half-of-the-sites reactivity is a natural characteristic of the enzymes catalytic mechanism. PMID- 7281898 TI - [Intracellular effect of hydroxyalkenals on animal tumors (author's transl)]. AB - When incubated for 30 min in vitro, 4-hydroxyalkenals in a 5 x 10-3 M solution react with SH-groups of soluble cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins (ProtL-SH) of Morris hepatomas 9618 A and 5123 tc, and of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells. The extent of the reaction strongly increases with decreasing doubling time of the respective tumors. Former experiments with EAT cells have shown that the reaction with cytoplasmic ProtL-SH causes inhibition of respiration, glycolysis, and probably of other SH-controlled processes associated with cell division. The intranuclear reaction leads to an inhibition of DNA- and RNA-synthesis. In a 2 x 10-4 M solution of hydroxyalkenals, however, the reaction with cytoplasmic ProtL SH diminishes almost completely so that no measurable inhibition of respiration and only 3% inhibition of glycolysis are observed, while 20 to 30 percent of the nuclear ProtL-SH are still blocked. This corresponds well with a previous observation that a 2 x 10-4 M solution of hydroxypentenal inhibits DNA-synthesis by 90 percent. PMID- 7281899 TI - Discrimination of two fusogenic properties of aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions. AB - Investigations on the dose response of cell fusion, induced by ionfree aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions, reveal distinct lowest fusogenic PEG concentrations for different permanently growing mammalian cell lines. Part of the requisite PEG can be replaced by carbohydrates, preserving the fusogenity of the solutions. This discriminates two effects of PEG solutions causing cell fusion: a) cell shrinkage, the required hyperosmolality of the solutions may be provided by PEG or by carbohydrates, is supposed to cause intracellular processes necessary be for consolidating polycaryons; b) membrane alterations, which can not be induced by carbohydrates, enable intimate cell-cell contact via particle free membrane areas. Depending on cell line salts can not only raise the osmolality of PEG solutions but are able to co-operate with PEG in generating membrane alterations. PMID- 7281900 TI - Fine structure of the oocyst wall and excystation of Eimeria procyonis from the American raccoon (Procyon lotor). AB - Oocysts of Eimeria procyonis, from the American raccoon (procyon lotor), were broken, added to a cell suspension, fixed in Karnovsky's fluid, and studied with the electron microscope. The oocyst wall has three layers: a thin electron-dense inner layer (8-15 nm), an electron-lucent middle layer (25-35 nm), and a thick outer layer (120-140 nm). The outer layer has an electron-dense inner portion and an electron-lucent outer portion that contains membrane-bound vesicles. When exposed to a trypsin-sodium taurocholate fluid, sporozoites excysted from most sporocysts which were 35-43 months old, but not from sporocysts that looked normal and were 106 months old. Excysted sporozoites measured 13-16 x 3-4 (mean 14.3 x 3.2) micrometer, usually had two refractile bodies, and had a nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. PMID- 7281901 TI - Heterologous immunity against Schistosoma mansoni in mice by administration of Heterobilharzia americana. AB - Three groups of Swiss albino mice were exposed to cercariae of Heterobilharzia americana a mammalian schistosome in Southern United States. they were challenged at different intervals with cercariae of a Puerto Rican strain of Schistosoma mansoni, and a fourth group (control for the first two groups) was exposed only to S. mansoni. With a patent infection (two months) of H. americana there was a noticeable reduction of the worm recovery rates of S. mansoni and its eggs deposited in the tissues. In the two other groups exposed simultaneously or at a 3-week interval, there was no significant reduction in the recovery rates of adult S. mansoni and the number of eggs exceeded in some cases that noted for the control group. Thus a patent infection with H. americana is necessary to confer immunity against a challenge infection with S. mansoni. PMID- 7281902 TI - Infection with gastrointestinal helminths. Effect of lactation and maternal transfer of immunity. AB - Lactation in sheep and mice was associated with a marked increase in susceptibility to newly acquired infection with Haemonchus contortus and Nematospiroides dubius, respectively. In sheep this increased susceptibility to infection with H. contortus occurred in late pregnancy and during lactation and was seen when the ewes were infected with both a single large dose of infective larvae and a "trickle" infection of 200 and 400 infective larvae of H. contortus given weekly for 14 weeks. Nonlactating ewes whose lactation had been terminated were able to reject the parasites which had been acquired in late pregnancy. A relaxation in the protective immune response was evident in immunized mice infected during lactation with N. dubius. However, despite this periparturient relaxation of immunity mice were capable of inducing a marked passive transfer of immunity to their offspring. Thus, neonatal mice born of mothers one or two months after the end of the immunizing schedule were protected against infection with N. dubius at 12 or 20 days of age. PMID- 7281904 TI - [Replacement of proximal end of the femur (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on replacement of the proximal end of the femur, including the acetabulum, by means of special endoprostheses in a total of 49 hips. Besides treatment of pertrochanteral and subtrochanteral fractures of the femur in individual cases, and an increasing field of application within the framework of prosthetic exchange operations, resection and replacement of the coxal femur are mainly employed in tumour processes. Primary malignant tumours require pre treatment and after-treatment by chemotherapy (with the exception of chondrosarcoma) in order to meet the demand of oncological radicality. Tendency to luxation, which is the most frequent component, can be reduced by employing a sophisticated surgical technique, good physiotherapy, appropriate training of the patients, and application of a Hohmann's bandage. The radiological course indicates that all the complications involved in endoprostheses, especially loosening, may be expected, even though they may occur with a certain delay of time. Besides general osseous atrophy of the prosthesis-bearing diaphysis, it is mainly the lateral "traction" side which is affected. Sintering of the prosthesis can temporarily delay breakdown of the anchoring. Prosthesis fractures are possible. Hence, the special endoprosthesis proximal to the hip joint is a recommended alternative to surgery of a crippling nature. In view of the fact that it is hardly possible to retract one's steps at a later date, indications towards special endoprosthesis must continue to be highly differentiated and closely adapted to each individual case. PMID- 7281905 TI - [Equal pelvic crest or horizontal upper sacral line? (author's transl)]. AB - The very aim in the treatment of leg length differences must be a horizontal position of the upper edge of the sacrum. The equal height of the pelvic crest is a very uncertain sign. The inclination of the upper part of the sacrum depends more or less from leg length differences and asymmetries of the pelvis. A side bending of the lumbar spine can be a consequence of both. The so called paradox lumbar scoliosis depends on a rotation of the sacrum and a non corresponding leg length difference. Whereas leg length differences can be treated causally the therapy of a sacrum rotation is only symptomatic. PMID- 7281903 TI - [Radioulnar synostosis as characteristic feature of chromosome aberrations (author's transl)]. AB - Among 13 patients with congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis the chromosomal analysis revealed a 47, XXY-constellation in an 8 years old boy and a 47, XXX syndrome in a 12-year-old girl. The investigations show, that the congenital radio-ulnar synostosis may be combined with the chromosome aberration more often than it was commonly thought. PMID- 7281906 TI - [Early results of operative treatment of scoliosis using the anterior derotation spondylodesis technique (VDS-Zielke) (author's transl)]. AB - The paper presents early results of 25 surgical procedures for scoliosis using the instruments and implants of the anterior derotation spondylodesis (VDS Zielke). The series included 10 dorsal, 3 dorso-lumbar and 12 lumbar curves, whereby up to 8 vertebral bodies were fused. The average postop. follow-up time was 25 months (8--45 months). The average degree of correction was 51 p.c. Emphasis is layed on the fact that aetiology and severity of the scoliotic curves was extremely heterogeneous. Besides excellent corrective potentials of the VDS for scoliosis, this technique offers possibilities for correction of cyphosis or lordosis as well. The results are described and documented in detail. The author puts much emphasis in describing special techniques for correcting lordosis or cyphosis as well as scoliosis in the same patient. The analysis of the results presented shows good indications for VDS in dorso-lumbar and lumbar scoliosis, congenital scoliosis of the dorso-lumbar area and thoracic lordo-scoliosis. For the indications outlined the possibilities of the VDS are superior to any other operative technique for scoliosis (Dwyer, Harrington). The rate of complications can be kept low through good selection of cases, excellent surgical technique and postoperative intensive care. PMID- 7281907 TI - [Intraosseous lipomas (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report on four intraosseous lipomas. One in the tibia diapysis of an infant, one in the fibula head, one in the proximal epimetaphysis of the humerus, and one in the calcaneus of three adults. Together with fourty-two intraosseous lipomas which have been reported by other authors, they are evaluated via clinical, radiological, and pathological aspects. The metaphyses of long bones and the calcaneus are common localizations of intraosseous lipomas. There may be no clinical symptoms or non-specific ones. The history may last for decades. Trabecular structures are noted usually on x-ray and almost always on histological examination. A capsule, capillaries, and the lack of sinusoids and haemopoietic bone marrow demonstrate the neoplastic nature of intraosseous lipomas. Because of their good prognosis intraosseous lipomas may be treated conservatively or by curettage. PMID- 7281908 TI - [Expertises on growth disturbances in children seen from the aspect of private accident insurance (author's transl)]. AB - In private accident insurance, a degree of disability established for the insured and the insuring party for the first time in a binding manner, cannot be established as a new fact if more than 3 years have elapsed since the accident occurred. In private accident insurance for children, the right to confirm the disability as a new fact, is limited to a period of 5 years, but not beyond the age of 18. If post-traumatic disturbances in young children (following injuries of the epiphyseal cartilage, bone and articular infections etc..) do not supply sufficient pointers towards the possible or probable findings at the termination of growth, the physician writing the expertise should draw attention to this fact and should state that as far as the medical situation is concerned, determination of the first occurrence cannot be made now and is possible at the stage of termination of growth only. PMID- 7281909 TI - [Contribution to surgical treatment of tendinosis calcarea of the shoulder (author's transl)]. AB - The article is based on the results obtained in 13 patients who were operated within a period of 25 months in 14 joints for calcareous tendinosis of the rotator cuff. The article concentrates on the technique of the minor and largely safe surgical procedure and describes the operative results obtained. Surgery should be performed in all cases where conservative treatment continued for 6 months has remained unsuccessful, the complaints in question being definitely attributable to the calcareous focus. PMID- 7281910 TI - [Pathogenesis and surgical treatment of "periarthritis humeroscapularis" (author's transl)]. AB - The technique according to Dautry takes into special consideration the conflict between the supraspinal tendon and the coraco-acromial ligament. Postoperative follow-up treatment is of particular importance. Follow-up examinations were performed in 84 patients with a follow-up period between one and 14 years. The results were graded "good" to "very good" in 85% of the patients. The poor results are subjected to a special analysis. The relevant indication and contra indication is shown for each case. The advantages offered by this method are discussed and compared with the other currently employed methods. PMID- 7281911 TI - [Comments on classification and terminology of congenital malformations in lower arm and hand (author's transl)]. AB - It is the aim of this paper to draw attention to the problems facing the clinician when he tries to find a suitable nomenclature and classification of congenital malformations of the forearm and hand. The classification presented here takes into consideration the so-called Paris Nomenclature of 1969, as well as the systematisation of limb defects of the Working Group of the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthetics (commented upon by Henkel and al 1979), as well as the systematic organisation of malformations of the forearm and hand by Muller (1937), Werthemann (1952), Hopf (1959) and Witt, Cotta, Jager (1966). On no account may this be regarded as a rigid and final setup. Efforts to achieve greater precision are still under way as before, with special emphasis on significant information supplied by teratology, embryology, genetics and biochemistry. PMID- 7281912 TI - [X-ray examination of the shoulder in suspected luxation (author's transl)]. AB - The X-ray examination of an injured part of a skeleton requires, to obtain a 3-D effect, two vertical levels to one another. The explanation of this radiographic minimum demand is seen especially in the posterior dislocation of the shoulder as the a-p-view with the discrete indirect signs of luxation; this is often misinterpreted as being normal by inexperienced people. Indirect X-ray signs are: fixed internal rotation of the Humerus, "Trough-line", positive "Rim-sign", flattening of the medial aspect of the humeral head and "loss of the normal half moon shadow" caused by the overlap of the humeral head on the posterior part of the glenoid cavity. The position of the second dimension is brought out with more success using the transscapular or the Velpeau axillary view radiogram without in being painful for the patient. PMID- 7281913 TI - [Experiences with the total endoprosthesis of the knee joint to Blauth (author's transl)]. AB - Following a brief review of the differential indication for total prosthesis of the knee joint, the article reports on 136 implantations of the hinged prosthesis according to Blauth. In 94% of the cases the results were good and very good (n = 66) within an average follow-up examination period of 2 years. One of the main features of the success of the treatment is the relief from pain achieved with this prosthesis provided it functions well. Differentation of the treatment results according to the basic underlying disease (rheumatoid arthritis; pangonarthrosis) shows that good results were achieved particularly in relatively young rheumatic patients thanks to their co-operative capacity during the follow up treatment period. The following relevant complications were seen among the 136 implantations: one early infection, three late infections, two deaths due to cardiovascular general complications, and one fatal case of sepsis as a result of a late infection. The rate of the aseptic loosenings was 1.5% only, and hence favourably low, as was evident from the follow-up examinations of the implanted knee joints. Lateralisation of the patella, which occurred in one-half of the cases, is attributed by us to an intraoperative weakening of the medial patella ligament (which acts as an auxiliary extension apparatus). We intend to counteract this in future via an additional lateral capsular discision. The follow-up study presented here confirms the efficiency of the Blauth model, as well as the generally valid indication criteria for total implantation of the knee joint. PMID- 7281914 TI - [Contribution to multiple endoprosthetic joint arthroplasty of the hip and knee joints (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on multiple arthroplasty in 38 hip and 42 knee joints in 23 highly disabled patients. The various problems of anaesthesiology and surgery are explained. The surgeon who undertakes to perform multiple joint alloarthroplasty, should command over the requisite clinical and surgical experience in endoprostheses of the hip and knee joints, especially in rheumatics. Although this is a very rewarding task, the risks involved should not be underestimated. Rheumatics are always co-operative by nature. They are prepared to accept the risk of multiple joint replacement if they can be convinced that their disability, which is considerable as it is, will not become worse by surgery, even if the operation is unsuccessful. PMID- 7281915 TI - [Primary dysplasia and growth of the remaining part of the structure in transversal defects of the extremities (author's transl)]. AB - In peromelia, a congenital deformity of the limbs, which should preferably be designated according to the new nomenclature as "transverse defect of the limbs," the only feature known so far was a defective development of the affected part of the limb and of the adjacent joint. Measurements and observations conducted in a few children of different age who were suffering from unilateral peromelia of the upper or lower arm, will now permit more detailed information on the degree and extent of the entire structure of the affected side and of its growth, compared with the healthy side. The results obtained indicate the presence of a complex damage of the extremity which assumes the highest degree of dysplasia, namely, aplasia, in the actually defective area only. The theory of pathogenesis of an early embryonal endogenous disturbance of development, which is the last in the sequence of theory under discussion, has, therefore been substantiated. PMID- 7281917 TI - [Migration of Kirschner wire following osteosyntheses of the hip (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on two cases of migrations of Kirschner wire following osteosyntheses at the hip joint. In one case of epiphyseodesis, the steel wire for skeletal transfixion was bent and eventually broken. Seven months later, a 6 cm piece of wire had to be removed from the omentum majus of the 14-year-old male patient concerned. In a child aged 4 years, coxa vara congenita was established intertrochanterally and osteotomy fixed by means of a shackle screw after Pohl. For greater safety, a Kirschner wire was additionally introduced. The wire migrated as far as the anterior abdominal wall. The article discusses guidelines which should be observed when employing Kirschner wires. PMID- 7281916 TI - [Tuebingen positioning device for defile-X-rays of the patella (author's transl)]. AB - A positioning device for Defile-X-rays of the patella ist presented which, in contrast to other constructions (separately suspended above the X-ray table), is mounted at the end of the X-ray table and permits fast, exact work. The X-ray technique corresponds with the procedure of Merchant. Details of this practical X ray technique are discussed in comparison to the other developments presented recently. PMID- 7281918 TI - [Comments on coxa vara infantum with shearing of the epiphysis of the femoral head in Seckel's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Seckel's syndrome, also known as bird-headed dwarf of Seckel or nanocephalic dwarf, occurs very rarely within the field of orthopaedic diseases. 20 cases only have been described in literature so far. The article gives a detailed explanation of the syndrome. In the two patients discussed here, the specifically orthopaedic aspect follows from an accompanying coxa vara infantum with shearing of the epiphysis of the femoral head. The article describes the pre-operative and post-operative clinical and roentgenological findings. PMID- 7281919 TI - [Hormonal treatment of hypophyseal dwarfism, a cause of epiphyseolisthesis capitis femoris? (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of hypophyseal proportional dwarfism which were treated by hormones are reported. After the treatment had been finished the epiphyseal cartilage remained persistent over a long period. Moreover, in both patients an epiphyseolisthesis capitis femoris occurred in their third decennium. A causal nexus is discussed. PMID- 7281920 TI - [Treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in older children (author's transl)]. AB - In children who are older than three years the obstacles of reduction can be overcome without danger for the blood supply of the femoral head only by operative measures. It stands the test to combine open reduction with the nearly always necessary correction of the dysplastic acetabulum, the shortening of the femur and derotating osteotomy. The results definitely depend on the individual indication and the operating technique. In cases of severe dysplasia of the acetabulum the acetabuloplasty shows better results in correction and reduction of the hip joint than Salter's osteotomy. Chiari's osteotomy of the pelvis should be taken into consideration only in such special cases with residual subluxation or with an extreme flat acetabulum. The follow up of 67 congenital dislocations of the hip in children aged between three and thirteen years shows, that operative treatment of bilateral luxation is indicated in patients between three and six years of age and unilateral luxation up to the age of adolescence. PMID- 7281923 TI - [Differential diagnosis and therapy of anemia in general practice]. PMID- 7281924 TI - [Plasmacytoma (Kahler disease, multiple myeloma)]. PMID- 7281921 TI - [What is illness?]. PMID- 7281922 TI - [Thrombocyte formation]. PMID- 7281925 TI - [Pharmacological principles of anticoagulants]. PMID- 7281926 TI - [Porphyria diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7281927 TI - [Blood replacement and plasma expanders (I). Therapeutic use of blood and blood components]. PMID- 7281929 TI - [Primary care of the traumatized patient]. PMID- 7281928 TI - [Blood replacement and plasma expanders (II). Therapeutic use of plasma expanders]. PMID- 7281930 TI - [Trimethoprim used alone]. PMID- 7281932 TI - [Alcoholic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7281933 TI - [Effects of alcohol on hematopoiesis]. PMID- 7281931 TI - [Liver damage with alcohol]. PMID- 7281935 TI - [Therapy of alcohol dependence]. PMID- 7281934 TI - [Alcoholic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 7281937 TI - [Determination of driving ability by the physician]. PMID- 7281938 TI - [The "noise-sick" patient in general practice]. PMID- 7281939 TI - [Diagnostic significance of lysozyme in Crohn disease and colorectal tumors]. PMID- 7281940 TI - [The fatty liver. Pathogenesis, etiology and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7281936 TI - [Is there a renaissance of oral theophylline therapy in chronic obstructive airway syndrome?]. PMID- 7281941 TI - [Medical assistance in nuclear power station catastrophies]. PMID- 7281942 TI - [The endothelium of the left common iliac vein as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of venous spurs]. PMID- 7281943 TI - Tissue pressure changes in the epifascial compartment of the bandaged leg. PMID- 7281944 TI - Human femoral arteries in tissue culture--demonstration of a moderate Pasteur effect. PMID- 7281945 TI - [Vein transplantation in RT1-different strain combinations. Privileged sites in transplantations in a low-pressure system?]. PMID- 7281946 TI - [Arterial vascular replacement with homograft veins in extreme situations]. PMID- 7281947 TI - [Reconstruction of the pelvic vein with a PTFE prosthesis (case report)]. PMID- 7281948 TI - [Distal arterio-venous bypass to the vena saphena pedis in the treatment severe ischemic syndrome without direct reconstruction possibilities]. PMID- 7281949 TI - Risk factors in the prognosis of the aortofemoral graft. PMID- 7281951 TI - Telethermography for screening ambulatory patients with leg vein thrombosis. PMID- 7281950 TI - [Double bilateral carotid artery occlusion after blunt neck trauma (case report)]. PMID- 7281952 TI - Porcine dermis in varicose ulcers--a clinical trial. PMID- 7281953 TI - [Pharmacologic, biologic, anatomic and methodologic views for understanding failures in varicose treatments]. PMID- 7281954 TI - [Vascular tumors III. Hemangiopericytoma]. PMID- 7281955 TI - [Participation of the thymus in effecting the modulating influence of the dopaminergic system on immunogenesis]. PMID- 7281956 TI - [Experience producing and raising antigen-free miniature pigs for biomedical research]. PMID- 7281957 TI - [Characteristics of proteins precipitated from pathologic human blood plasma with ethanol and beta-naphthol]. PMID- 7281958 TI - [Interaction of brain structures in organizing conditioned responses exemplified by the briefly-delayed conditioned reflex]. PMID- 7281959 TI - [Psychophysiologic analysis of changes in human memory during adaptation to new climatogeographic conditions]. PMID- 7281960 TI - [Repair of DNA damage caused by the antineoplastic antibiotic carminomycin]. PMID- 7281961 TI - [Prevention of ischemic heart disease among the population]. PMID- 7281962 TI - [Results of treatment of post-resuscitation disease in patients retrieved from a state of clinical death]. PMID- 7281964 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse in childhood]. PMID- 7281963 TI - [Active detection and treatment of hypertensive patients in the health unit of an industrial plant]. PMID- 7281965 TI - [Electron microscopic study of skin biopsies in alopecia areata]. PMID- 7281966 TI - [Ultrastructural analysis of the interrelation of microbes and the cells of the blood-tissue barriers in severe skin burns]. PMID- 7281967 TI - [Experimental study of the substances containing para- groups used in cosmetic agents for skin application]. PMID- 7281968 TI - [Course of experimental allergic DNCB dermatitis with stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus]. PMID- 7281969 TI - [Bicillin treatment of rabbits with syphilis in combination with methyluracil]. PMID- 7281971 TI - [Importance of zinc in the pathogenesis and treatment of enteropathic acrodermatitis]. PMID- 7281970 TI - [Current characteristics of the clinical aspects and course of syphilis]. PMID- 7281972 TI - [Case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome]. PMID- 7281973 TI - [Primary syphilis latency]. PMID- 7281974 TI - [Case of tabes dorsalis with tabetic arthropathies]. PMID- 7281975 TI - [Use of specific serological reactions for syphilis in the examination of pregnant women]. PMID- 7281976 TI - [Error in the diagnosis of the infectious form of syphilis]. PMID- 7281978 TI - [Free amino acid content in the blood plasma and erythrocytes in neurodermatitis]. PMID- 7281979 TI - [Differentiated use of serological tests in syphilology practice]. PMID- 7281977 TI - [Determination of the optimal therapeutic doses of benemycin and vibramycin using a morphometric analysis of the blood neutrophilic granules in chronic pyodermia]. PMID- 7281980 TI - [Instructional, methodological and ideological education work experience in the Department of Skin Diseases of the Pirogov II Moscow Medical Institute]. PMID- 7281981 TI - [Family status and the educational level of urban and rural inhabitants with gonorrhea]. PMID- 7281982 TI - [Dynamics of the morphological changes in the skin in psoriasis during photochemotherapy]. PMID- 7281983 TI - [A discussion of dermatoses with pustular eruptions]. PMID- 7281984 TI - [Erythema multiforme exudativum, the Stevens-Johnson and Lyell syndromes and their interrelation]. PMID- 7281986 TI - [Kaposi's angioreticulosis with oral mucosal and mediastinal lesions]. PMID- 7281985 TI - [Treatment problems in Lyell's syndrome]. PMID- 7281987 TI - [Trichoepithelioma with multicentric growth]. PMID- 7281988 TI - [Baader's dermatostomatitis, a rare variety of erythema multiforme exudativum]. PMID- 7281989 TI - [Prurigo in a female systemic scleroderma patient]. PMID- 7281990 TI - [Effect of alcohol on interhemispheric functional relations]. AB - By means of backward masking, the time of perception of letter stimuli presented to the left and right visual fields, was determined in practically healthy persons who were given different doses of alcohol, and in patients with chronic alcoholism. Evoked electrical activity to the same stimuli was recorded in identical conditions. A small dose of alcohol (0.41 g/kg) increases in healthy subjects the time of perception of visual signals only if they are presented in the left visual field: a medium dose (0.82 g/kg) increases the time of stimuli perception in both halves of the visual field, but obviously more so in the left one, in patients with chronic alcoholism the time of perception is substantially longer in the left visual field. A small dose of alcohol does not affect evoked electrical cortical activity in healthy persons. Distinct regional differences are exhibited in the action of the medium dose of alcohol on the cerebral cortex of healthy persons. Evoked potential in the central area is depressed to a greater extent than in the visual and associative (Brodman field 37) zones. With chronic alcohol intoxication, evoked activity in the right hemisphere is depressed considerably more than in the left one. PMID- 7281991 TI - [Delayed reactions of simians in a multiple-choice situation]. AB - Delayed reactions were studied on six rhesus macaques and three chimpanzees by means of a modified multiple choice method. The data obtained showed that the initial capacity of short-term memory did not exceed the reproduction of two spatial discrete elements in macaques and of three elements of shimpanzees. It was found that successful operation with sets beyond the initial capacity of short-term memory did not exceed the reproduction of two spatial discrete elements in macaques and of three elements in shimpanzees. It was found that successful operation with sets beyond the initial capacity of short-term memory is due to secondary processes of formation of visual engrams and related motor stereotypes. The significance of extension of short-time memory capacity for the transition of higher animals from monodetermined reactions to active relations with their surroundings is discussed. PMID- 7281992 TI - [Conditioned reflex behavior of dogs during stereotypical reinforcement in a choice situation]. AB - A study of dogs' behavior in conditions of choice with stereotype reinforcement showed that in experiments without punishment for errors, the conditioned activity did not reach its optimal level, while in experiments with punishment most of the dogs formed an optimal behavior. Formation of stereotype choice of reinforcement place proceeded in two stages. At the first stage the strategy of repeating the previous reaction prevailed after the erroneous one. At the second stage, alternation reactions prevailed after erroneous choices. PMID- 7281993 TI - [Interrelations between biopotentials of the neocortex, archicortex and intermediate cortex during formation of conditioned reflexes to time]. AB - By means of instrumental food-procuring technique in chronic experiments on dogs, it was shown that during formation of the reflex to time, two complexly interacting systems of bioelectrical activity appear in the EEG in the form of rapid 28-32 c/s spindles in the neocortex (motor and parietal cortex) and slow (4 7 c/s) activity in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. The involvement of both structures in the mechanisms of voluntary activity is analyzed. PMID- 7281994 TI - [Conditioned reflex changes in the functional connections between adjacent and remote cortical neurons]. AB - A motor conditioned reflex to sound was elaborated in cats with electrodes (nichrome wire dia 50 mcm) chronically implanted in the auditory cortex. Multineuronal activity preceding by 30 s the conditioned signal was analysed. Impulse activity of two to three neurones was isolated from every record by means of an amplitude discriminator. Dependence between impulse series isolated either from one record or from records obtained with two electrodes placed at a distance of up to 200 mcm from one another, was estimated by crossover interval histograms. Consequently functional connections between neurones were defined by the dependence of impulse series. In the process of conditioning dynamic reorganization of interneuronal connections was revealed. With a stable reflex, the number of connections both between neurons in the microregion and between neurones of neighbouring microregions considerably increased due to an increased number of excitatory connections. After extinction of the reflex, the number of connections between adjacent neurons increased still more, though due to enhancement of the inhibitory type connections. Nonetheless, excitatory connections kept dominating. At the same time, the number of connections between neurons of the neighbouring microsystems sharply decreased. PMID- 7281995 TI - [Heart rate dynamics during elaboration of a spatial conditioned reflex]. AB - In 20 cats spatial conditioned reflexes were elaborated manifested in the animal's stay on an "active" square of the floor attended in different sessions with stimulation (100 imp/s; 0.3 ms, 2 or 6 V) of the septum, the lateral hypothalamus or the hippocampus. Stimulation of the septum and lateral hypothalamus with a 2 V current resulted in an accelerated heart rate, while a 6 V current produced its slowing down. Self-stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus with a 6 V current produced on initial acceleration of the heart rate with a subsequent gradual slowing down. The data obtained attest that both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic parts of the brain are involved in the formation of positive emotions. PMID- 7281997 TI - [Interaction of specific and nonspecific afferentation as a basis for neuronal integration upon completion of temporary connections]. AB - In experiments on alert and non-immobilized rabbits, slow potentials and reactions of the visual area neurones were recorded in the course of elaboration of conditioned inhibition and of a defensive conditioned reflex to rhythmic light flashes of various frequencies without isochronous pain reinforcement. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the ability of the neurones to follow the light rhythm is due not so much to the properties of the cells themselves as to the morphofunctional properties of the system in which they are included and to the interaction between excitatory and inhibitory influences. Pain stimulation at all its frequencies weakens the inhibitory, hyperpolarization processes in the cortical visual area. At the same time under the influence of pain the first phase of activation in response to light flashes is fragmented in a number of neurones. Judging by the authors' and published data, such modulation of neuronal responses in the visual area under pain effect reflects a convergence of modality specific and of activating modality-non-specific afferentations of the visual analyser. The result of such convergence is reproduced in a conditioned way. PMID- 7281996 TI - [Dynamics of hippocampal neuronal activity during formation of conditioned avoidance reflexes]. AB - Activity of 72 neurones of the dorsal hippocampus was studied in unrestrained rabbits during avoidance conditioning. In the process of conditioning, associative reorganization of neuronal activity were found, which were of a dynamic nature and depended on the stage of reflex stabilization. The initial stage of elaboration was characterized by a change in background activity between pairings in 87.5% of the hippocampal neurons, recorded in that period. Phasic associative reorganization recorded in 53.1% of neurons in response to a signal stimulus before the appearance of conditioned movements, reflected the orienting component of the conditioned reaction, reaction to time during the period of action of associated stimuli and a change in the level of neurons activity resulting from association of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. The nature of response was changing in the most of the neurones at the appearance of the conditioned motor reaction. Stabilization of the level of background activity and of phasic responses of neurones to signal stimulus were observed at the stage of stable conditioned reflex. Phasic responses had several modifications which reflected a level of neuronal activity specific for the conditioned reflex, and they were also linked to signal involvement of the system providing for the movement. The data obtained show that participation of regulatory tonic mechanisms is an essential condition of the formation and manifestation of the temporary connection. PMID- 7281998 TI - [Capacity for learning and extrapolation of mice selected for having different brain weights]. AB - Ability for learning a simple food-searching reaction, and for extrapolation of a food stimulus movement has been studied in two lines of laboratory mice selected throughout 15 generations for high (H-line) and low (L-line) brain weight. It has been found that the mice from H-line learn the food-searching reaction more rapidly than those from L-line. In first presentation of the extrapolation task, the percentage of right solvings by mice from H- and L-lines does not differ from the 50%, expected for the random alternative choice. In subsequent presentations, the percentage of right solvings steadily increases in both lines, and taken over all presentations significantly exceeds the 50% random level, while the mean time of performance gradually grows shorter. Thus, no difference is observed between H and L-lines either in solving the extrapolation task or in learning this practice, in contrast to a noticeable superiority of H-line in learning a simple motor reaction. PMID- 7281999 TI - [Role of the inferior colliculi in the formation of conditioned reflexes to amplitude-modulated stimuli in rats]. AB - After a bilateral ablation of the rat auditory cortex, differentiation of a tonal signal from an amplitude-modulated stimulus with 50 c/s modulation frequency is preserved, while ablation of the posterior colliculi completely abolishes differentiation of these signals, without subsequent restoration in six months after the operation. At the same time the same rats are able to elaborate a differentiation of a tonal signal from an amplitude-modulated signal with a 500 c/s modulation frequency. The results obtained show that the posterior colliculi are at the level of the auditory system, where the coding of signals with a modulation frequency of 50 c/s amplitude is accomplished, whereas stimuli with a higher frequency of amplitude modulation are coded at a lower level of the auditory system. PMID- 7282000 TI - [Effect of scopolamine on temporary connection formation and fixation in rats with altered brain noradrenaline content]. AB - The locus coeruleus was ablated in rats or a 100 mg/kg dose of disulfiram and a 0.5 mg/kg dose of scopolamine were administered to them. Then a conditioned two side avoidance reflex was elaborated. The locus coeruleus ablation and administration of disulfiram brought about a nearly equal reduction of noradrenaline (NA) content in the brain. Scopolamine against the background of a low NA level did not change its content. Ablation of locus coeruleus, administration of disulfiram and scopolamine did not prevent the elaboration, fixation and retention of the conditioned defensive reflex. Scopolamine introduced to animal with ablated locus coeruleus while not affecting the elaboration of defensive conditioned two-side avoidance reflex, completely prevented its retention. Administration of scopolamine to animals with a depressed NA synthesis produced a less profound amnesia. PMID- 7282001 TI - [Interaction between the projection (visual and somatic) zones of the cortex and the parietal association area after application of neurotropic drugs to them]. AB - Recording of EPs and local application of strychnine and KCl on the associative parietal and projection (visual I, somatic I) neocortical areas of the cat under Nembutal anaesthesia, revealed distinct interaction of these structures. Their different mutual effects are being considered, depending on their modality and functional significance as well as on properties of the stimuli which activate the associative structures (the parietal cortex and the posterior lateral thalamic nucleus, LP). The data obtained confirm and develop the concept previously outlined by the authors on different types of interaction between the studied cortical areas, the ways of their realization at cortical and subcortical levels, and the specific role of LP in the process. The distinctions of joint activity of the projection areas from various types of their interaction with the parietal associative cortex are discussed. PMID- 7282002 TI - [Coordination of processes in the hierarchical structure of the visual analyzer]. AB - The influence of prolonged light stimulation on different parts of the visual analyser was studied in cats. An immense complexity of the adaptation process has been revealed as manifested in a great number of varied parallel processes in the hierarchic structure of the analyser. It has been shown that adaptative reorganization in the distal parts of the retina is directed towards regulation of general sensitivity; in the optic tract and LGB -- towards diminishing dependence of cortical processes on the fluctuations of the illumination level; predominance of inhibitory processes in the cortex characterizes the increasing complexity of cortical processes. The preservation of high efficiency of the visual system in different conditions of background illumination is also due to reciprocal change in temporal characteristics of the on- and off-system and to the shift of the main mechanism of psychophysical reactions from the level of receptor -- horizontal cell to that of bipolars. The hypothesis is corroborated the reorganization of electrical activity expresses not only a change a sensitivity, but also adaptation to many parameters which characterize the transition from darkness to light. PMID- 7282003 TI - [Hypothalamo-hippocampal mechanisms in the organization of orienting explorational behavior in the exaltation period of ontogeny]. AB - Gross and unit hippocampal responses to electrical stimulation of the dorsal hypothalamus nuclei, eliciting well defined motor acts related to orientation and investigation of the situation, were studied in rabbits, four to six weeks old, during the exaltation period of their ontogenesis. Shifts of the theta-rhythm frequency revealed in the hippocampus against the background of developing motor components of behaviour, as well as reactions of single units, were characterised by a prolonged stimulus after-effect. The tonic activation response was the predominating type of cellular reaction. A disbalance of phasic activating and inhibiting reactions was observed, the latter tending to prevail. A conclusion was drawn that the recorded reorganizations of hippocampal activity in the rabbits of the studied age reflect a lack of lability of the inhibitory excitatory processes in the hypothalamo-hippocampal link of the functional system of the orienting reflex. PMID- 7282004 TI - [Significance of theta-rhythm phases for excitatory transmission in the cerebral cortex]. AB - The dependence of the number of motor reactions on the phase of theta-rhythm in the cerebral cortex, during which photic stimuli were presented was studied on unanaesthetized rabbits. Single flashes were presented to animals with 1--15 min intervals when theta-rhythm was dominant in the visual cortex. Each experimental session included 10--45 photic stimuli. It was found that the probability of rabbit's motor reaction to a photic stimulus depends on the phase of the theta rhythm with which it coincides. The onset of a motor reaction to light in the majority of cases coincided with the positive phase of the theta-rhythm, which seems to be an optimal condition for the transmission of excitation in the cortex. The number of movements in response to light increases when the amplitude of the positive theta-rhythm oscillation is greater than the negative one. Recurrent inhibition in neural systems of the cerebral cortex seems to limit irradiation of excitation in case of big theta-rhythm amplitudes. PMID- 7282005 TI - [Response of neurons of the ventro- and dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus to biologically heterogeneous stimuli]. AB - Unit activity in ventro- and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei recorded extracellulary in nonanaesthetized rabbits was evoked by acoustic clicks or electrocutaneous nociceptive and innocuous stimuli. The majority of units of the dorsomedial hypothalamus was inhibited by nociceptive stimulation and was excited by innocuous one. In contrast, units in the ventro-medial hypothalamus reduced their discharges in response to innocuous stimuli and augmented them in response to nociceptive stimuli. Latency of inhibition of units in the dorsomedial hypothalamus was shorter than that of excitation. It is concluded that the hypothalamic non-nociceptive system is activated by innocuous stimuli and inhibited by nociceptive stimulation. PMID- 7282006 TI - [Representation of wrist joint afferents in the cerebral cortex of cats]. PMID- 7282007 TI - [Nature of the interneuronal connections of the visual and sensomotor cortex in different functional states of the animal]. PMID- 7282008 TI - [Steady brain potentials and interhemispheric asymmetry in cats]. PMID- 7282009 TI - [Visual evoked potentials of nestlings exposed to natural signals of different biological qualities]. PMID- 7282011 TI - [Phase-sensitive differential amplitude discriminator for identifying the spiking of individual neurons in the midst of multineuronal activity]. PMID- 7282010 TI - [Automated programming device for discrete analysis of the behavioral continuum and neuronal spike activity]. PMID- 7282012 TI - [Role of the neural element in regulating the structure and function of the small intestine]. PMID- 7282013 TI - [Lipid spectrum of the periventricular area of the mediobasal hypothalamus and its ependyma]. PMID- 7282014 TI - [Calcitocytes (C-cells) of the thyroid during aging]. PMID- 7282015 TI - Priapism: aspects of pathology and treatment by corpus-saphenous by-pass. PMID- 7282016 TI - Snake bite. PMID- 7282017 TI - A sutureless technique of wound closure. PMID- 7282018 TI - Persistent haemoptysis from malignant mesothelioma. PMID- 7282020 TI - Ethics in day to day medicine. PMID- 7282021 TI - [Occurrence of filth in food (author's transl)]. AB - In contrast with the numerous publications in the USA about filth in food the German literature pays scant attention to this topic. In spite of the wide-spread contamination of imported foods with living insects, their residues are scarcely analyzed for in the Federal Republic of Germany. This report should point out this gap. PMID- 7282019 TI - Myelofibrosis in a Zambian. PMID- 7282022 TI - Analysis of residues of seven pesticides in some fruits and vegetables by means of high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - The results presented show that a simple one-column HPLC technique can be used in the analysis for residues of seven pesticides in various fruits and vegetables. The pesticides investigated are some of the most important in fruit and vegetable production, including azinphos-methyl and -ethyl, carbaryl, fenitrothion, parathion-methyl and -ethyl and the last also as the oxygen analogue paraxon. Two concentration levels were used in the enrichment of the products, one at half and another at the total permissible concentration value for each pesticide as enforced in Denmark. Multiple additions at each level showed that the recoveries were within 75%-90% and the coefficients of variation were below 10%. The chromatographic development was for 15 min, and since the pre-analysis cleanup is simple, this method is well suited for routine control analysis, in which the time and simplicity of the analysis are of great importance. PMID- 7282023 TI - [The Medico-legal Commission of Monaco. The statute on the medical profession in times of armed conflict]. PMID- 7282024 TI - [The Medico-legal Commission of Monaco. Additional protocols to the Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949 and their protective powers]. PMID- 7282027 TI - [Reaction of the injured brain in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - For children with severe brain injuries conservative management with intensive care treatment must be correlated carefully with operative interventions. Apart from the clinical course a better assessment can be obtained by continuous monitoring of the epidural space pressure and by continuous EEG recording. While with generalised brain damage cranial decompression may be successful, the more localised lesions may have to be treated by resection of the traumatically damaged brain tissue. The timing and type of surgery is demonstrated in relation to above described parameters. A statistical evaluation of the results of treatment of severe brain injury is presented with special reference to the age of the patient. It is stressed that the recovery potential of the brain in childhood is greater than in adults. PMID- 7282025 TI - [International solidarity and humanitarian acts. Apropos of the sessions on the 10th anniversary of the International Institute of Humanitarian Law (Sanremo, 10 13 September 1980)]. PMID- 7282029 TI - [Immobilisation hypercalciuria (author's transl)]. AB - The calcium excretion was investigated in 31 children who were immobilised because of fracture of the femur. Children over the age of 5 years treated with Kirschner wire extension showed a statistically significant rise of calcium excretion as compared with a control group but this reverted rapidly after mobilisation. Younger patients treated by overhead traction showed a decreased calcium excretion. The Calcium Excretion Quotient (CEQ) based on the calcium excretion in the early morning specimens of urine and the specific gravity were used to determine hypercalcemia. Dietary management or drug treatment is not necessary in this situation. PMID- 7282026 TI - International protection of refugees in armed conflicts. PMID- 7282028 TI - [Laryngo-tracheo-oesophageal cleft and G-syndrome--interposition of a flap from the sternocleidomastoid muscle (author's transl)]. AB - A 7-month-old dystrophic infant weighing 3.8 kg was investigated endoscopically in relation to recurrent pneumonia. A tracheo-esophageal cleft was demonstrated. The situation was complicated by the coexistence of achalasia of the cardia. There was also hypertelorism and malformation of the urinary tract, so that this would appear to be a case of the G-Syndrome. A Heller's operation with fundoplication and gastrostomy was performed and only after this was the tracheooesophageal cleft closed. A flap of sternomastoid muscle was interposed between the trachea and oesophagus. Stenosis was treated by dilatation. PMID- 7282030 TI - [Megaoesophagus -- differential diagnosis and therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Functional hindrances in passage of the oesophageal tract are particularly recognised in achalasia, which occurs in less than 5% of children. The megaoesophagus accompanying massive gastro-oesophageal reflux can also be a consequence of functional disturbances. In addition, peptic stenosis of the oesophagus usually causes dilatation of this organ. Other organic stenoses are just as rare, whether they are congenital membranous or fibromuscular stenoses, or occur as secondary narrowing of the oesophagus, following accidental acid burns. Treatment of choice in achalasia is cardiomyotomy with insertion of a fundus patch. Gastro-oesophageal reflux is usually treated conservatively at first. Operation and fundoplication is indicated only when this treatment is unsuccessful, or primarily in peptic stenosis. In congenital membranous stenosis or acid-burn stenosis, forceful treatment with bougies usually attains the desired ends. On the other hand, congenital fibromuscular narrowing generally requires operative resection. PMID- 7282032 TI - Gastritis necroticans in children. AB - The authors discuss two cases in which following abdominal operations in consequence of septic shock, infection and hypoxia, necrosis of the gastric wall developed requiring further operations, subtotal resection of the stomach included. Attention is paid to the factors responsible for full recovery. PMID- 7282031 TI - [Surgery of lung metastases in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Over the past 10 years 18 patients have been operated upon (sometimes repeatedly) because of pulmonary metastases. The primary tumour with pulmonary secondaries was usually an osteosarcoma or a Wilm's tumour. The indication for surgery and the result of treatment are discussed. The pre-operative diagnosis is helped considerably by ventilatory and perfusion isotope studies. PMID- 7282033 TI - [Gastrointestinal perforations in the newborn (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1958 and 1979, 48 neonates with gastrointestinal perforation were treated in the University Clinic, Mainz. The high rate of premature births (c. 40%) was noteworthy, as were the frequent complications in the perinatal period. An accurate diagnosis was made more difficult by the peculiarities of this age, and the multipilicity of possible causes of perforation. The first clinical symptoms were non-specific. In only 36% of the patients was the so-called "pathognomonic" pneumoperitoneum diagnosed on X-ray. The most common site of perforation was the ileo-coecal region, the commonest causes of perforation were intestinal obstruction (atresias, Hirschsprung's disease) and necrotising enterocolitis. In almost 1/3 of all children, the exact causes of perforation could not be determined from the history, intra-operative findings, or histology. The operative procedure depends on the individual case. It must be suited to the site and cause of the perforation, and to the subsequent disturbances. Of the post operative complications, those related to paediatric intensive-care proved to be more serious than the directly surgical complications. The total mortality was, at 63%, high. The main cause of death was found to be septicemia, and septic complications. An improvement in the results can only be attained through early diagnosis, immediate operation and peri-operative intensive care. PMID- 7282034 TI - [Familial megacolon (author's transl)]. AB - The genetic aspects of Hirschsprung's disease are discussed and there is a family incidence of 1 to 6%. Boys are more frequently affected. The mode of genetic transmission is not known. Three families with Hirschsprung's disease are reported with special reference to the transmission of Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 7282036 TI - [Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma in a newborn (author's transl)]. AB - Report of a large, congenital hemangiopericytoma in a male neonate. The classification of these tumours is discussed. This is the first case, to date, of a tumour of this size, found intracranially. PMID- 7282037 TI - Umbilical core-out operation for a completely patent vitelline duct. AB - An umbilical core-out operation for a completely patent vitelline duct in a premature baby with successful preoperative manual reduction of the prolapsed ileal loops is described. In certain cases with this rare anomaly this procedure can be applied. The procedure is easy, timesaving, bloodless and necessitates no laparotomy incision. PMID- 7282035 TI - [Results of Mesoenterico-caval Anastomosis for Portal Hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - 16 cases of mesenteric caval anastomosis in children with recurrent bleeding from oesophageal varices are presented. Advantages of this technique include the quick normalisation of portal pressure and the low incidence of thrombosis or recurrent bleeding. This complication arises in 10% of patients treated with a central mesenteric caval shunt. The disadvantage of the technique presented is the reduction of perfusion of the liver and the necessity of ligating the iliac veins. An alternative procedure is spleno-renal shunt but this also leads to a reduction of liver perfusion. An alternative procedure is spleno-renal shunt but this also leads to a reduction of liver perfusion. The incidence of thrombosis and recurrent bleeding is higher using this method and on the whole the choice of technique is determined by the age of the patient. PMID- 7282038 TI - Splenopexy in a case of wandering spleen. AB - Wandering spleen is a rare condition, commonly treated with splenectomy. Authors report a case of wandering spleen, preoperatively diagnosed, and successfully treated with splenopexy. PMID- 7282039 TI - [Atresia and obliteration of the small bowel in cases of necrotizing enterocolitis (author's transl)]. AB - As a result of necrotizing enterocolitis, one patient developed multiple obliterations of jejunum and ileum, partly over long stretches of bowel. In a second case of a neonate with enterocolitis necroticans, an ileum atresia formed in the second and third weeks of life, completely interrupting the continuity of the intestine. In the literature, we could only find one report comparable with each case. PMID- 7282040 TI - Perforated appendicitis in children: use of metronidazole for the reduction of septic complications. AB - Fifty-four consecutive children with performed appendicitis were treated with intravenous and rectal metronidazole combined with another antimicrobial agent. Positive cultures were obtained from peritoneal swabs from all children except from four patients who produced no growth on culture. Mixed growth of aerobic and anaerobic organisms were isolated from 44 patients. Four patients had pure growth of aerobes and two had pure growth of anaerobes. Results were compared with 49 cases of performed appendicitis treated with a combination of Gentamicin and Cephradine and who did not receive metronidazole. The overall incidence of complications was reduced from 44.9% to 14.8%. A significant reduction in the incidence of wound infection (p less 0.01) and pelvic abscess (p less than 0.025) was observed in the metronidazole treated group. The period of hospitalization averaged 13.8 days in patients treated with metronidazole as compare to 18.2 days in those treated without metronidazole. PMID- 7282041 TI - Gradual occlusion of the portal branch with hepatic artery ligation for unresectable hepatic tumour in children. AB - For the surgical treatment of unresectable hepatic tumour in children we devised a method whereby the portal vein is gradually occluded. Using this new procedure, combined with ligation of the hepatic artery and intraarterial and systemic anticancer chemotherapy, there was a marked decrease in tumour size and hypertrophy of the contralateral lobe of the liver. For gradual occlusion of the portal vein we used the Ameroid constrictor, which consists of a casein derivative enclosed in a stainless steel jacket, and when applied the vessels will occlude within 7-10 days. The patients tolerated this procedure well; there was no occurrence of shock, the liver dysfunction was temporary and normal ranges were reverted to within 2-3 weeks after surgery. One patient treated in this way lived for 14 months after undergoing such surgery. PMID- 7282042 TI - "Common channel syndrome"--anomalous junction of the pancreatico-biliary ductal system. AB - A 7-year-old girl with a 3-year history of intermittent bouts of abdominal pain and jaundice underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography, which revealed an anomalous junction of the pancreatico-biliary ductal system (bile duct dilatation being virtually non-existent). These abdominal symptoms being considered to be attributable to the anomaly, resection of choledochus followed by hepatico-duodenostomy was performed. Now, one and a half years after operation, the patient is entirely asymptomatic. The legitimacy of "common channel syndrome" as an independent pathologic entity was proposed and the necessity of surgical treatment in its successful management was stressed. PMID- 7282044 TI - [The influence of intravesical electrostimulation on the urinary bladder in animals (author's transl)]. AB - The mechanism of the effects of endovesical electrostimulation on the bladder wall was examined in experimental animals. Histochemical examinations showed no changes of any kind in the activity of enzymes in the detrusor area. In the out flow region of the bladder an increase in the activity of malatedehydrogenase, alpha-glycerophosphate-dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and acetylcholinesterase were found histochemically. The effects of the current applied are confined to this region. This agrees with the results of clinical examinations. PMID- 7282043 TI - Follow-up studies on surgical treatment of vesicoureteric reflux in 141 children. AB - The results of reimplantation of ureters in 141 children by a modified Politano Leadbetter procedure are presented. 86 children were examined 3 to 13 years after operation. Cessation of signs of infection, reflux and ureteric obstruction was noted. The most common illnesses and congenital disorders of the urinary tract which accompany vesicoureteral reflux are discussed. Postoperative complications are also described. PMID- 7282045 TI - Double atresia of the oesophagus. AB - An extremely rare type of congenital malformation of the oesophagus with double atresia and a midportion oesophageal cyst without fistula is presented. The long course of its diagnosis and definitive management are discussed. The interposition of the "cystic" part between the upper and lower segments to produce continuity of the oesophagus by means of a double anastomosis is warranted only if the cyst is sizeable enough to allow a good anastomosis without tension. Furthermore immediate histological frozen sections should demonstrate the cyst to be a part of the oesophagus. PMID- 7282047 TI - [Tricho-phytobezoar as a rare cause of ileus in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282046 TI - [Necrotizing fasciitis in a newborn (author's transl)]. AB - Report of a newborn child with necrotizing fasciitis, which is characterized by bacterial infection and necrosis of the subcutaneous fat. This rare disease has a high lethality, therefore an immediate surgical and antibiotic therapy is necessary. PMID- 7282048 TI - Adrenal abscess in a neonate due to gas-informing organisms: a diagnostic dilemma. AB - A case of adrenal abscess due to bacteroides and peptostreptococcus in a 16-day old infant is presented. The clinical manifestations consisted of a huge abdominal swelling associated with fever and lethargy. This is the first case report of an adrenal abscess due to gas-forming organisms, a finding which makes the preoperative diagnosis more difficult. Surgical drainage, subtotal excision of the abscess wall under cover of antibiotics and preservation of the ipsilateral kidney were followed by survival. PMID- 7282049 TI - Congenital bile duct dilatation in siblings. PMID- 7282051 TI - Limitations in the diagnosis of valvular dysfunction using the Rickham reservoir. AB - The majority of shunt dysfunctions can be easily diagnosed by puncturing the Rickham reservoir with a fine needle and estimating the intracranial pressure. Experience has, however, shown that definite shunt dysfunctions can be missed by this method. These limitations of the technique are better understood by constructing a model which enables us to simulate the pressure and flow situation in a ventricular drainage system. This experimental model has shown that in cases of partial proximal or distal blockage, the flow through the shunt system is significantly diminished but not totally stopped, and the pressure reading may thus be normal. In these cases, the shunt should be revised on the basis of clinical evidence of dysfunction. PMID- 7282050 TI - [Operation and prognosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in the newborn (author's transl)]. AB - 15 children who were treated surgically for necrotizing entero-colitis (N.E.C.) are presented and the indications for surgery and prognosis are discussed. The indications for surgery include perforation, peritonitis and persistent intestinal obstruction. It is doubtful whether laparotomy is indicated in those children with rapid deterioration and simple peritoneal drainage in very sick infants as described. The mortality rate of operated children is around 40%, which is in accord with published literature. The possibility of intestinal stenosis developing and producing intestinal obstruction is stressed. PMID- 7282052 TI - [Congenital bifid sternum (author's transl)]. AB - The authors give a short description of the frequency and types of the rare deformities of the sternum. Following a detailed presentation of the various methods of treatment, three of their own observations, one of them an ectopia cordis, are given as case-reports. Two of these patients have already been observed over a long period. PMID- 7282053 TI - Gastroschisis: factors affecting prognosis. AB - Over a ten-year period 21 children with gastroschisis were treated either with a direct full-layer closure or with a silastic sac closure of the abdominal wall defect. No mortality or longterm morbidity resulted from either form of therapy in the group of patients that had no anatomical interruption of the gastro intestinal tract. Silastic sac closure did, however, result in a higher incidence of septicemia. In the group of patients that presented with an anatomical interruption of the G.I. tract, considerable mortality and morbidity resulted. The outcome in these patients was determined by the associated bowel lesion rather than by the gastroschisis as such. PMID- 7282054 TI - Idiopathic gastric volvulus in infancy and childhood. AB - Idiopathic gastric volvulus is not rare, especially in the neonate and in infancy. Between 1966 and 1980 we managed 44 cases of gastric volvulus. In 22 of the cases, initial examination was performed under 1 year of age. The main symptoms in this group were vomiting and abdominal distention, while those in the group over 2 years of age were abdominal distention, weight loss, nausea, appetite loss etc. The upper G.I. series were the most important in diagnosis. There was only one case of acute volvulus, which was treated operatively on an emergency basis. Chronic volvulus could be treated conservatively, except in 2 cases. This consisted in the positioning of the patient in the upright right recumbent position after feeding, for at least 1 hour. In the supine position, the gastric fundus is filled and dilated when the milk is poured into the stomach, the fundus is pulled postero-caudally and the antrum is pulled upwards, resulting in the combined type of organo-axial and mesenterico-axial volvulus. Over 2 years of age, 77% required operation. The fixation of the gastric fornix with the diaphragm was performed, using 5 or 6 stitches. The result was quite satisfactory. We recommend this procedure in this operation. PMID- 7282055 TI - Mesenteric cysts. AB - 7 new cases of cysts in the mesentery of the small bowel are presented, together with 54 clinically and histologically well documented cases from the literature. Most cysts are found in laparotomy for an acute abdomen. Almost half of the patients are under the age of 11 years. The cysts can be unilocular, multilocular or multiple. Cysts in the mesentery of the jejunum always had a chylous content. Most often the wall consists of an endothelial lining, smooth muscle, lymphatic tissue and lymphatic vessels. Inflammation and/or bleeding destroyed the endothelial lining and added granulation tissue to the histologic picture. With the exception of 7 cases, the cysts are probably of congenital and lymphatic origin. Trauma, infection, bleeding or volvulus can make a silent cyst manifest. PMID- 7282058 TI - [Flapped and free muscle transplantation in the treatment of anal incontinence (author's transl)]. AB - 49 patients with continence-improving operations were reviewed. 41 children underwent a gracilis-transplantation according to Pickrell, 6 patients a free muscle transplantation according to Hakelius/Grotte and 2 patients a smooth muscle graft according to Schmidt. The clinical and manometrical results were compared with data from the literature. Furthermore a new technique of smooth muscle transplantation in the young infant is described. During an abdomino sacroperineal pull-through procedure a flapped smooth muscle transplantation is performed simultaneously. The circular and longitudinal muscle layer of the pulled-through colon will be turned back and is fixed on the serosa under light tension. Afterwards the whole muscle cuff is repulled into the puborectalis sling. Examinations of the anorectal pressure as well as X-ray investigations showed a good function of the newly-established internal anal sphincter equivalent. PMID- 7282056 TI - [Long-term results in intestinal atresias and stenoses distal to the ligament of Treitz (author's transl)]. AB - From 1945 to 1975 61 cases of atresias and stenoses of the small intestine distal to the ligament of Treitz and atresias and stenoses of the colon were treated at the University Children's Hospital Zurich. The long-term results of 51 well documented cases are presented and the influence of improvement of operative techniques the establishment of an intensive care unit and the introduction of long-term parenteral nutrition is analyzed. Cases treated during the earlier period (1945-1965) are compared with those from 1966 to 1975. The overall-all mortality was high. Out of 51 patients there were only 19 long-term survivors. During the first period 71% died, during the second 52%. The reason for the still high mortality is especially the high number of intraoperative additional complicating findings (meconium peritonitis, volvulus etc.). Additional malformations in other organ systems and low birth weight were not important factors for survival in this series. None of the 19 long-term survivors had to be reoperated after the first discharge from the hospital. At late control they were healthy, and most of them without abdominal symptoms. Only three complained of occasional diarrhoea. All but one were within normal percentiles for weight and height. PMID- 7282057 TI - Loperamide as a symptomatic treatment in pediatric surgery: a double-blind cross over study. AB - The effects of oral loperamide, in doses of 2-6 mg per day, on the stool consistency, daily number of bowel movements and general inconvenience was investigated in seven children and juveniles suffering from incontinence and abnormal bowel habits due to congenital abnormalities. The study was conducted as a double-blind, cross-over analysis. According to the data collected loperamide essentially improves the quality of life of these patients. PMID- 7282059 TI - [New methods in the treatment of anorectal incontinence (author's transl)]. AB - Case reports of 10 children with anal incontinence, secondary to anorectal agenesis, who underwent operation for the restoration of continence in the period from July 1979 till October 1980. 7 of these children were given free grafts of intestinal muscle (Schmidt's method), 4 of which were double-thickness-grafts (our modification). 3 children were treated with a "fold-over" construction, newly developed by us. Even although the presented results, few in number and collected over a short period, do not, as yet, have any statistical significance, they do show progress in the problem of continence, so that these methods allows great improvement in the treatment of anal incontinence, particularly in conjunction with Engel's method of stool training. In order to achieve the best possible continence on a permanent basis, the methods described could be combined with other reconstructions of the pelvic floor or the external sphincter. PMID- 7282060 TI - [Posttraumatic biliary fistulae in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Report of three cases of injury to the bile ducts, of which one was a haemobilia, and two were ruptures of the hepatic ducts with external bile fistulae. The latter could be removed using tissue adhesive (blue Histoacryl). After an observation period of 4 years, no symptoms are noted; there are no calcifications in the area of the erstwhile fistulae. The haemobilia was cured by ligature of the right hepatic artery. PMID- 7282061 TI - [Accessory pancreatic cyst located in the mesocolon in a child (author's transl)]. AB - Case reports of a 1.5-year-old child who had a cyst in the mesocolon ascendens arising from ectopic pancreatic tissue. It is the third case of an accessory pancreatic cyst and at the same time, the first case in which the cyst in the mesocolon ascends has been found in early childhood. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and symptomatology are discussed. PMID- 7282065 TI - Oesophageal atresia: methods of reconstruction in cases of a "long gap". AB - In the last 10 years 92 children were treated for oesophageal atresia at the Pediatric Surgical Department of the St. Radboud Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. In 10 cases it proved impossible to establish a primary anastomosis between both ends of the oesophagus. Personal experience is presented with the methods of reconstruction in these cases of a "long gap". PMID- 7282063 TI - [Organ preserving operation in large epidermoid cyst of the spleen (author's transl)]. AB - A 10-year-old girl was operated because of an epidermoid cyst of the spleen weighing 2 kilograms. The cyst was enucleated and the spleen reconstructed. This procedure is seen as the operation of choice as the development of post splenectomy sepsis can thus be prevented. PMID- 7282062 TI - Traumatic hepatic artery/hepatic vein fistula. AB - Traumatic hepatic artery/hepatic vein fistula was experienced in a 3 year-old boy. This hepatic arteriovenous fistula was diagnosed by a selective angiography of the hepatic artery. To prevent heart failure and pulmonary embolism developing, hepatic artery ligation was carried out. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged without any sequelae. This paper summarizes our experience of a case with traumatic hepatic arteriovenous fistula and the treatment of hepatic artery ligation is discussed. PMID- 7282064 TI - [Operative procedure in choledochal cysts (author's transl)]. AB - Case-description of a large cyst of the bile duct in a 10-year-old girl. The cyst extended from the distal part of the common hepatic duct almost to the duodenum. The pancreatic and bile ducts drained the cyst distally with a common outlet. The cyst was resected, except for a small preduodenal remnant. The remaining part was closed to form a hood, and implanted end-to-side into a loop of small bowel which had been diverted by Roux's method. The common hepatic duct was also anastomosed end-to-side with the same diverted loop of bowel. PMID- 7282066 TI - Obstructed umbilical hernias in childhood in Kuwait - Richter - and other types. AB - Obstruction of umbilical hernia in children is uncommon, but seven out of 51 operations for umbilical hernia were done as emergencies for obstruction, in 38 months, in Kuwait. Unusual conditions like Richter type obstruction and gangrenous omentum were noted in two children. Solid faeces is considered to be the precipitating factor for obstruction. PMID- 7282067 TI - Perforated appendix and antibiotics. AB - 60 consecutive children operated for perforated appendicitis were treated randomly with either penicillin and streptomycin or with clindamycin and gentamycin. Suppurative complications occurred somewhat more often and were definitely more severe in the former group. The number of hospital days spent in the treatment of these complications were three times as great in the former than in the latter group. Bacteroides fragilis could be isolated in most of the severe infections treated without clindamycin. Two out of 28 patients treated with clindamycin presented with severe diarrhoea. PMID- 7282068 TI - Intraperitoneal gentamicin in appendiceal peritonitis in children: a pharmacokinetic study. AB - The present study was conducted in order to document the pharmacokinetic behaviour of Gentamicin when administered intraperitoneally (I.P.) in children with appendiceal peritonitis (15 patients). This pharmacokinetic behaviour was compared to that of intramuscular (I.M.) Gentamicin (12 patients). In both groups, the dose was 2.5 mg/kg/8 hours. In the I.P. group the resulting peak levels were generally low (sub-therapeutic) whilst the peak levels in the I.M. group were, in most cases, satisfactory and similar to those reported by other investigators. In both groups there was wide inter-patient variation in levels. No correlation was found between peak levels and blood Hb., haematocrit or serum urea and creatinine, but it must be noted that in most of the patients, the values of these parameters were within the normal range for their age. It emerged from the study that if Gentamicin is to be given intra-peritoneally, the dosage should be higher than that recommended for the intramuscular or intravenous route and that levels should be monitored because of interpatient variation in response. PMID- 7282069 TI - [Solitary nonparasitic cysts of the liver in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - 3 patients with solitary, non-parasitic cysts of the liver are reported. 2 of these were seen in infants and one in a 7 year old child. The clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Complete excision of the cyst is the treatment of choice and the various operative procedures described in the literature are discussed. The macroscopic and microscopic findings of these cysts are described. PMID- 7282070 TI - The production of anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union in canine models. AB - For the purpose of resolving the mechanism of the ill-effect of refluxed pancreatic juice, due to the anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union, canine models were produced. Mongrel adult dogs and puppies were used. Pancreatico cholecystostomy was performed on 5 adult dogs and 5 puppies. Pancreatico choledochostomy was performed on 10 adult dogs and 5 puppies. In both procedures, the cylindrical dilatation of the choledochus resulted. The pathological changes in the choledochus were very similar to the cylindrical choledochal dilatation in the human. Elastic fibers diminished universally and in some cases they vanished completely. The changes in the papilla of the bile duct were very slight. There were no cases with hardened papilla. The pathological changes were greater in the pancreatico-cholecystostomy. Enzymatic analysis of pancreatic juice in bile was very important in explaining the etiology. Amylase was proven to be very high throughout the cases, over 10,000 IU/1 by enzymatic assay. Trypsin and elastase were proven to be activated in pancreatico-cholecystostomy, naturally assuming the existence of enterokinase. They were aso proved to be activated in the pancreatico-choledochostomy, without the existence of enterokinase. Though the mechanism was not clear, the activated proteases were the actual cause of the ill effect in this anomaly. Thus we have succeeded in producing the ideal animal models of the reflux of pancreatic juice into the bile duct in adult dogs and puppies. PMID- 7282071 TI - [Pre- and postoperative ultrasonography of portal circulation in portal hypertension in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The use of ultrasound investigation in children with portal hypertension is discussed and a 14 year old patient is presented. With this non-invasive investigation, the course, diameter and patency of the splenic vein can be demonstrated, repeated post-operative investigations showed a reduction in the size of the splenic vein of at least 2 mm. following patent spleno-renal anastomosis. The ultrasound technique is demonstrated. PMID- 7282072 TI - [The tissue adhesion of the ruptured spleen with highly concentrated human fibrinogen (author's transl)]. AB - After splenectomy the immunologic impairment and the susceptibility to infection is increased, but the most important impetus for splenic preservation has been the observation of the overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis. Successful results with surgical repair of traumatized spleen and several different techniques have been reported. Instead of suture of splenorrhaphy we used in our experiences a new biological adhesive-system, consisting in thrombin, highly concentrated native human fibrinogen and clotting factor XIII. The highly adhesive properties, the excellent tissue compatibility and the haemostyptic effects recommend this system for using in preservation of the injured spleen as well as possible. PMID- 7282073 TI - [Supracondylar humeral fractures in infants and small children]. AB - The question of separation of the epiphyses in infants and small children of the type Salter-Harris affecting the distal humerus is discussed. The indications for open reduction of the distal humerus epiphyseal separation is rarely indicated and should only be utilised when there is associated injury to the nerves of vessels or a total disruption of the chondyle. Provided that accurate re-position and fixation can be performed, the prognosis of this injury is satisfactory. PMID- 7282074 TI - [Adequate treatment of supracondylar fracture of the humerus with associated brachial artery and nerve injury in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Injury to the brachial artery and the nerve trunks, accompanying supra- and peri condylar humerus fractures, occurs in children particularly in seriously dislocated fractures of Baumann Type II and III. Prompt treatment aims at avoiding late sequelae, especially ischaemic muscle contracture. Based on 6 of our own cases, the significance of brachial artery angiogram when the pulse does not become palpable, and of operative investigation, is expounded. PMID- 7282075 TI - [The Nicolau syndrome in children (author's transl)]. AB - The accidental intra-arterial injection of drugs intended for intramuscular injection is discussed and causes the well-recognised Nicolau syndrome. The published cases of this syndrome have usually related to the administration of Benzathinepenicillin, this is explained by injection into the superior gluteal artery and this may affect the internal and common iliac arteries. The clinical presentation of the Nicolau syndrome include immediate pain at the injection site followed discoloration and oedema. Arterial embolic symptoms occur in the lower extremities and may lead to necrosis. 3 cases of Nicolau's syndrome are described seen between 1974 and 1979 at the Paediatric Surgical Clinic in Wroclaw. PMID- 7282076 TI - [Oesophageal atresia type Vogt IIIB with fistula of the distal segment to the cervical trachea, combined with right descending aorta and further malformations (author's transl)]. AB - Presentation of a hitherto unreported variation of oesophageal atresia in a male infant. There was a blind end to the upper segment, the lower was joined to the cervical trachea by a fistula. Both segments were surrounded by a muscle sheath. In addition, the patient demonstrated a right descending aorta. Since the fistula was situated unexpectedly high, it was necessary to approach through a cervical incision, both a right- and left-thoracotomy having proved useless. The fistula was divided, and the oesophageal ends joined. The child also suffered from congenital deformities of the heart and the spine. The authors recommend preoperative tracheaoscopy to determine the site of the fistula, and hard ray exposure X-ray of the chest, showing the course of the aorta. PMID- 7282077 TI - Crohn's disease and carcinoid tumor of the appendix in a child. AB - This is a case report of a fourteen year old boy with Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum, and a carcinoid tumor of the appendix. This association is very rare and, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported. PMID- 7282078 TI - Kawasaki disease associated with hydrops of the gallbladder. A case presentation and review of the literature. AB - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome is a pediatric illness characterized by fever, conjunctivitis, oropharyngeal lesions, exanthem, peripheral edema, desquamation, and adenopathy. The entity has many possible complications, the most significant of which is coronary artery thrombosis and aneurysm. A rare but surgically important complication is hydrops of the gallbladder. In this paper a surgical approach as well as the diagnostic use of ultrasound is added to the exceedingly small number of existing reports. PMID- 7282079 TI - [The role of cell proliferation kinetics and cytostatica - test for sensitivity of neuroblastomas, recurrent tumours and tumour metastases (author's transl)]. AB - Using auto-radiographic techniques in vitro studies performed to analyse the growth rate in 13 cases of neuroblastoma, 6 recurrent tumours (assorted) and 7 metastatic tumours. The cell kinetic parameters using 3H thymidine markers, DNS synthesis, mitotic rate and mean cycle rate were investigated. The growth rate can only be calculated approximately. The results show that neuroblastomas grow incredibly fast. The cell-cycle period varies between 13.1 and 266.3 hours and averages 71 hours. Recurrent tumours have a tendency to have the same growth rate as the primary tumour. Primary metastases of Wilm's tumours and osteogenic sarcomas proliferate rapidly with a cell-cycle of 13.0- 87.0 hours (average 37.7 hours). All tumours have a distinctly individual proliferation pattern. Cell division and growth rate of malignant tumours are important in relation to radiotherapy and the use of cytotoxic drugs. These factors are expressed as a "cell-kinetic therapeutic index", which helps to predict the effectiveness of cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy. Two cases of neuroblastoma were classified as resistant. Most tumours excluding the fibrosarcomas react well against two cytotoxic reagents. The cell-kinetic pattern and the sensitivity results are used in determining the treatment of recurrences and metastases. The relationship of these investigations in clinical practice is discussed. PMID- 7282081 TI - [Final procedure after colectomy with special consideration of ileorectal anastomosis (author's transl)]. AB - The indication for ileorectal anastomosis after colectomy is most likely given - with all reservations - in cases of ulcerative colitis and polyposis coli, not so often in Crohn's disease. Our own studies of dwarf pigs have shown that no qualitative changes take place in the histochemical characteristics either of ileum mucosa or in that of the rectum, following ileorectostomy. Late results of shelling out the rectal mucosa, and the tendencies towards constructing a reservoir of terminal ileum in the pelvis, remain to be seen. While keeping the risks at a justifiable level it should be our aim to enable our often still young patients to lead a normal life without social handicaps. PMID- 7282084 TI - [The operative treatment of epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria (author's transl)]. AB - After demonstrating four clinical patterns of epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria the operative procedure will be discussed in two cases. One is a now 16-year-old male, the other a 18-year-old girl, who suffer from this disease. While removing the affected skin in a first operation, the defect is covered by a split skin graft taken from a non-affected area. In a second operation or in repeated operative procedures, not only must the affected skin be removed but also any existing scars and contractures. Children who suffer from this form of epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria present a severe problem. For all who deal with this problem, the painstaking preoperative preparation as well as the choice of the most suitable anaesthetic are as important in every respect as the operation itself and the postoperative and psychosocial care. PMID- 7282085 TI - [Pulmonary blastoma in a 4 year old girl (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a pulmonary blastoma is presented. The tumor's histological demarcation is difficult and contested. The diagnosis was delivered by two independent pathologists. Because of the malignancy of the tumor we decided on a combined surgical-cytostatic-radiological therapy, which has not yet been done in this way. The patient was symptom-free for 6 months, she then died however, from a brain metastasis. PMID- 7282083 TI - [Lesions of the epiphyses - classification - therapy - prognosis (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1970 and 1980 53 children with epiphyseal injuries were treated. Analysing these 53 cases we found that metaphyseal lesions of the epiphyseal plate (i.e. epiphyseolysis, separation of the epiphysis with triangular metaphyseal fragment) heal completely, even in those cases in whom an open reduction was necessary. Conservatively treated epiphyseal injuries (i.e. fracture of the epiphysis, crushing of the epiphyseal plate) showed bad results. Contrary to these results 80% of open reduced injuries showed good results. We can conclude that epiphyseal injuries do not necessarily end in disturbances of growth or malformation if surgical correction of the injury is done as early as possible and if the injured extremity is immobilised at least 3 to 5 weeks. Destruction of the epiphyseal vascular system can only be avoided by surgical reposition of the epiphyseal injury. PMID- 7282086 TI - [Lethality in children with neuroblastoma (author's transl)]. AB - 32 cases of sympathetic nervous system tumours have been treated in a single pediatric oncologic center during 1970-79 and have been submitted to a follow-up analysis according to the known prognostic parameters. A high significance of prognostic staging is seen in correlation to age, stage, site of the primary, histologic differentiation, postoperative excretion of metabolic catecholamines and surgical radicality. The overall lethality in this material has been 38%, in contrast to a lethality rate of 72% in the same center during the preceding period (1960-69). The reason for this notable drop is thought to be early diagnosis leading to a combination of favourable prognostic parameters. Total surgical removal of the primary is considered the most important therapeutic factor, being exclusively sufficient in cases where the prognosis is favourable (first year of life, stage I and II). A long term lethality rate subsequent to cytotoxic treatment has been observed, so that the 2-years-survival time has to be discussed. PMID- 7282087 TI - [Diagnostic and therapy of head injuries in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The fundamental diagnostic and therapeutical procedures on head injuries in children are described, whereby questions, which are important for paediatric surgeons are given special attention. At the same time the importance of a uniform terminology is pointed out, to guarantee better communication between the different clinics and disciplines. PMID- 7282082 TI - [Correlation between changes of bowel metabolism and of the small bowel mucosa after extensive small bowl resection- animal experiments (author's transl)]. AB - The estimation of the bile acids in the liver and changes in the mucosa of the small intestine after extensive resection of the small bowel are reported. It is shown that through the implantation of an isoperistaltic segment a delay of the intestinal passage was achieved, which resulted in better contact between chyme and intestinal mucosa, as well as in a faster and more prominent hypertrophy of the mucosa of the small intestine. As a consequence of the hypertrophy, the resorption of bile acids in the small intestine was much improved. PMID- 7282080 TI - [Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) - pathogenesis and therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical courses in 39 children with NEC were studied to answer questions about pathogeny and the indication for surgical treatment. Anamnestic, clinical and hematological findings show an ischemia to be the "conditio sine qua non". Disseminated intravascular coagulation does not seem to be the primary cause of the disease. Whether bacterial infections of the intestinal wall are of importance in the pathogeny cannot sufficiently be proven on the available findings. The clinical symptoms, the number of platelets and the level of serum sodium make it possible to classify NEC in four stages with typical morphologic appearance. The results of an early and of a late treatment by operation are compared and it is deduced that the best moment for surgical intervention will be the change from stage II to stage III. Symptoms of stages II/III are the progressive clinical course with increasing intestinal bleeding, edema of the abdominal wall and scrotum, thrombopenia and low sodium level. PMID- 7282088 TI - [Pathophysiological aspects of the brain stem in closed head injuries (author's transl)]. AB - In a case of severe head injury, there is a disturbance of the functional cycle between hypothalamus/mesencephalon and the cortex cerebri. In this article, the causes and the pathophysiological, functional disturbances of primary and secondary unconsciousness will be discussed. In a case of a posttraumatic intracranial hypertension, the following causes are to be considered: cerebral oedema, intracerebral haematomas and the so-called pneumatocephalus: the collection of air in the ventricle system when open head injuries of the base of the skull occur. The midbrain syndrome which is caused by the compression of the midbrain is characterized by the disturbed reaction of the pupils, convulsive seizures and vegetative dysregulation of respiration, circulation and temperature. When the above-mentioned syndrome persists, it can develop into bulbar syndrome. This is recognized through a severe functional disturbance, which can lead to central brain if the cause of the rise of intracranial pressure is not overcome within one hour. PMID- 7282089 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of head fractures in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282090 TI - [Brain injuries in childhood. A follow-up study of 600 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A follow-up study of nearly 600 children who had sustained a brain injury of various degree signifies that the prognosis is not as good as is generally assumed. Whereas the initial neurological and psycho-reactive changes may regress in most cases, neurovegetative and psycho-organic disturbances remain frequently. The most prominent finding, however, is the reduced capacity for school-work leading to frequent changes of class and to a reduced expectancy for later profession. The knowledge of these sequelae underlines the urgent need to reinforce all measures to prevent brain injuries in childhood. PMID- 7282091 TI - [Experiences with rehabilitation of children after severe head injuries (author's transl)]. AB - In the Federal Republic of Germany, there are at present too few centers which are responsible for the rehabilitation of children and adolescents who receive severe head injuries. Up to now, attempts have been made to seek out the institutions responsible and to tabulate the rehabilitation opportunities they offer. Furthermore, the typical follow-up grades after severe head trauma will be mentioned and the necessary methods of treatment in each case ordered accordingly. The opportunity for clinical rehabilitation should first of all be accessible to all children and adolescents who suffer from such injuries; this can later be converted into out-patient rehabilitation. Time spent on the wards during this period in hospital varies, depending on the grade of retardation, ranging approximately from 6 weeks to 1 year for the less severe cases up to 4 years and occasionally longer for the severely retarded. PMID- 7282092 TI - [Anomalies of the chest (author's transl)]. AB - Presentation of the most important deformities of the thorax, with reference to personal experience and reports from the literature. Next to deformities of the rib-cage, anomalies of the sternum have a prominent place. The principal anomalies of the sternum are the funnel chest and pigeon breast. Neither carries a clear indication for operation. Numerous operative techniques make a comparison of post-op. results difficult. It seems definite that the final results are the same, whether or not the procedure calls for the use of metal prostheses. The degree of success lies between 80-90%. PMID- 7282093 TI - [Scoring system for indication for operative correction of funnel chest (author's transl)]. AB - Based on 50 consecutive patients whom we operated for funnel chest, we tried to work out the indications for operative correction by developing a scoring system. In this scoring system we considered not only the depth of of the funnel respectively the depth of the impression, but also all the other disturbances of the organs of the chest resulting from the malformation. The possible accompanying deformities of the thoracic cage were taken into account too. The scoring system demands a more stringent indication. PMID- 7282094 TI - [Indication and operative technique in chest deformities (author's transl)]. AB - From 1956-1980, 1112 thoracic deformities were operated on in the Surgical Clinic of the University of Erlangen. These are divided into 11 different types, according to whether a funnel chest (4 types), a pigeon chest (4 types), combinations of these, or a split-sternum was present. The indication for operation is given in patients where the depression is more than 25% of the a/p diameter of the chest. Scolioses - deformities of the spinal column - are found in 40-50%, depending on the type of funnel chest. They are rarely found in small children, but are fixed and irreversible in teenagers and older patients. Reconstruction of the thorax is carried out through a double-segment chondrotomy parasternal and at the apex of the funnel, using a horse-shoe-shaped metal support. Average length of stay in hospital is 7-10 days. Alternative procedures are Rehbein's operation, or Ravitch and Hecker's procedure. Postoperative physiotherapy is extremely important. Late results, on average 10.5 years after operation, showed recurrence of the funnel in 2.1% of cases, partial recurrence, ugly scars and cartilage nodules in 6.7%. PMID- 7282095 TI - [Complete correction in cases of malrotation (author's transl)]. AB - The features of malrotation of the intestine, include the incomplete fixation of the mesentery which may lead to torsion in association with abnormal positioning of the cranial mesenteric vessels. There are also abnormal strangulated peritoneal bands extending from the large bowel across the duodenum. These anomalies can either lead to duodenal obstruction or to volvulus. The operative procedure described by Ladd has the advantage that it is brief but requires relatively frequent repeat laparotomies. Complete correction with the attempted construction of normal anatomy has the disadvantage that it is a difficult and time-consuming procedure, but the incidence of repeat laparotomy is significantly lower. It is therefore suggested that "at risk" children may be preferably treated by the Ladd procedure and this should always be used if there are anaesthetic problems. PMID- 7282096 TI - Treatment of congenital dilatation of the choledochus- reconstruction of the bile duct after resection of the dilated choledochus. AB - Reconstruction of the way of bile flow was attempted in 21 cases with the resection of the dilated bile duct, and the post-operative courses were observed over a long period. It was found that ascending cholangitis is seldom caused by the hepaticoduodenostomy. It is important, when hepaticoduodenostomy is performed, that the sound section of the wall of the bile duct without stenosis in the hepatic side should be selected. Reconstruction of the way of the bile flow to prevent ascending cholangitis by leading normal bile flow into the duodenum should be devised. PMID- 7282098 TI - Oesophageal rupture due to gastrostomy catheter. PMID- 7282097 TI - [The use of split and regional renal clearance for indication for surgery in pediatric urology (author's transl)]. AB - The differential and ipsilateral clearance of Hippuran allows for a quantitative assessment of the function of both kidneys, a single kidney and a part of one kidney. We have performed this investigation 179 times in 156 children in relation to dysplastic kidneys, obstructive lesions in the upper urinary tract, duplex kidneys and in follow-up situations. In many of these patients this investigation produced an indication for an organ-preserving operative procedure. The radiological findings are compared with the clinical picture. PMID- 7282099 TI - Perinatal management of exomphalos diagnosed in late pregnancy. AB - The intrauterine diagnosis of a huge exomphalos, which was aspirated by transuterine puncture 1 hour prior to caesarean section, is reported. The authors emphasize that this prenatal procedure is able to minimize the risk of rupturing the exomphalos sac. PMID- 7282100 TI - [Prevention of iatrogenic colon perforations in the newborn and infant (author's transl)]. AB - Gastrointestinal perforations in infancy mainly occur during the newborn period. Iatrogenic perforations of the rectosigmoid colon are frequent. The mortality rate is high. A method to prevent this serious complication of diagnostic and therapeutic enemas is described. A conical olive is introduced into the anus. Direct perforation of the rectal wall is impossible. The ever-present danger of indirect perforation by increased intraluminal pressure is reduced. PMID- 7282101 TI - [Blood coagulation in hyperthermia]. AB - Young healthy volunteers were treated with physical hyperthermia (baths) in order to investigate changes in blood coagulation. Such therapy is used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Single hot baths (mean body temperature 38,2 39,9 degrees C) resulted in a rise of fibrinogen, factors IX and XII, maximal amplitude of the thrombelastogram and hemoglobin and in a decrease of plasminogen. In a series of hypothermic baths no additional changes of coagulation or fibrinolysis could be found. The results suggest that hyperthermia causes a tendency to thrombosis. PMID- 7282102 TI - [Pseudogout: a contribution to laboratory diagnosis]. AB - Calcium levels of synovial fluid were determined before and after addition of sodium citrate in a group of 15 patients with pseudogout syndrome. 15 patients with osteoarthritis served as control group. In 12 of the patients with pseudogout the calcium levels were statistically significantly different from the controls. the authors have reviewed the clinical, radiological and laboratory aspects of pseudogout and discussed the possible pathophysiological mechanisms which could account for the difference in calcium levels following the addition to the laboratory diagnosis of pseudogout syndrome. PMID- 7282104 TI - [Studies on the possible influence of oxamethacin upon DNA synthesis, DNA reparation and the supercoiled structure of DNA is spleen cells of mice]. AB - The action of Oxamethacin on the DNA metabolism in spleen cells of mice was investigated with "in vitro" and "in vivo" experiments. An in vitro incubation of cells with 1 microgram Oxamethacin/ml did not influence the replicative DNA synthesis. 10 micrograms/ml however inhibited 50% of DNA synthesis. Oxamethacin dispensed in vivo did not show this inhibition. DNA repair after UV as well as after gamma irradiation was not influenced by this substance. Also the reconstitution of the supercoiled form of the DNA after different damages was not affected by Oxamethacin. PMID- 7282103 TI - [Zinc levels in blood and urine of rheumatoid arthritis patients after four months treatment with D-penicillamine]. AB - In 10 female patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis D-penicillamine was administered in a daily dose of 150-150 mg for 4 months. The only additional antiphlogistic treatment was indomethacin (100-150 mg daily). At the beginning and during the trial blood (total) levels of zinc with n-activation analysis and the excretion with urine were determined using n-activationanaysis and atom absorption. By spectrometry following results were obtained: an increase of zinc excretion. By spectrometry following results were obtained: in increase of zinc excretion in urine until day 21; after 2 and 4 months decreased above levels at the original value before beginning of treatment. Blood levels of zinc decreased distinctly until the 2nd week, increase at the 3rd week and return to the original value of the controls before D-penicillamine therapy at the 2nd and 4th months. PMID- 7282106 TI - [Current status of D-penicillamine therapy in chronic polyarthritis]. AB - Long-term-treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with D-Penicillamine (DPA) is well established. In several controlled clinical studies, DPA-therapy has been shown to be effective, even in lower dosage (450--600 mg/day) than used in first years after introduction of this drug. As the dosage has been reduced there was a marked decrease in unwanted drug effects. Nevertheless proteinuria, agranulocytosis and LED-like syndromes remain serious side-effects. Therefore a close supervision of patients under DPA is still necessary. The limitations for DPA-treatment are age, disease activity and LED-like symptoms. RA-patients with renal insufficiency, penicillin-allergy, hematopoietic dysfunction, cancer and chronic infections should never be treated with DPA. PMID- 7282107 TI - Leukocyte locomotion and regulative serum effects in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Leukocyte locomotion (LL) of 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was found to be unimpaired as compared to LL of 23 control individuals (p Greater Than 0.2). Casein and zymosan activated human sera were used as cytotaxins, and the sera of RA patients proved to be activatable in the same way as control sera in that they produced a similar chemotactic activity (p Greater Than 0.2). However, RA sera inhibited LL significantly (p Less Than 0.01) in comparison to control sera. This phenomenon was unchanged after elimination of immune complexes be ultracentrifugation, but could be reversed, after incubation of cells with RA sera, by reincubation with control sera. PMID- 7282105 TI - [Azapropazone versus indomethacin in a double blind test with patients with ankylosing spondylitis]. AB - In a double lind test 60 patients with ankylosing spondylitis received either Azapropazone (30 patients) or Indomethacin (30 patients) during a period of three weeks. In the two well comparable groups the therapeutic effect was equally good. As the results show the Azapropazone group came out a little better concerning the finger-ground distance and the difference in circumference of thorax, and the Azapropazone group was favoured slightly by the general judgement of the patients. However, these differences are not relevant. The influence on the spontaneous pain in the daytime and during the night and the shifting of dorsal and lumbar vertebral column was equally good in both groups. The compatibility was good in 59 out of 60 patients. One patient had to stop the Azapropazone medication because of gastric trouble in the second week of treatment. This result shows that in most patients an adequate medication with Azapropazone or with Indomethacin leads to a distinct reduction of pain and even painlessness already after a 3 weeks' treatment. This is particularly important regarding kinesiatrics. Indomethacin and Phenylbutazone are generally regarded as approved preparations in treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. If Azapropazone which, according to all previous reports has no hematotoxic effect like Phenylbutazone, had the same good effect in a double blind test as Indomethacin, this must be regarded as a very positive result. Concerning the good compatibility of Azapropazone, a change of drug is possible without a reduction of the effect. PMID- 7282109 TI - [Tissue concentrations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in chronic polyarthritis patients]. AB - Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) are indispensable for modern treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Reports on drug concentration in rheumatoid human tissues are still lacking. We now report about steady-state concentrations of Indomethacin and Acemetacin in blood, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, muscle, bone and fat 6h after the last application of Acemetacin resp. Indomethacin. Levels in all tissues, except fat, were found to be significantly higher than in blood. Therefore, a noticeable accumulation of drug occurs in all rheumatoid tissues. PMID- 7282108 TI - [Unusual nucleolar types in lymphocytes of inflammatory joint exudates]. AB - The study of the nucleoli in the lymphocytes of human peripheral blood and articular exudations revealed that the lymphocytes in inflammatory articular exudations possess not only a higher number of compact nucleoli, nucleoli with nucleolonemas and micronucleoli but also a higher number of horseshoe-shaped and bead-shaped nucleoli. Since the horseshoe-shaped and bead-shaped nucleoli are apparently a morphological expression of progressive inhibition of synthesis of nucleolar RNA, their higher number in mature lymphocytes of articular exudations indicates that the inflammatory process in articular exudations is associated with progressive inhibition of nucleolar RNA in mature lymphocytes (11). This observation is added to the previously reported (12) stimulation of transcription of this nucleic acid in activated lymphocytes. PMID- 7282111 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and pulmonary hypertension. AB - Pulmonary hypertension is one of the complications in the pulmonary manifestation of SLE. Following a two year SLE history a patient developed pulmonary hypertension although his chest radiograph showed neither pulmonary changes nor signs of hypertension. In two other patients, interstitial fibrosis, pleurisy and pulmonary hypertension were the initial manifestations of SLE. They all complained of dyspnoea and respiratory chest pain. Lung function studies showed restrictive changes, reduced lung compliance and, by two patients, reduced diffusion capacity. Lung biopsy performed in one patient revealed interstitial fibrosis, focal lymphocyte infiltrations and intima proliferation of the arterioles. All three patients were treated with anticoagulants in addition to steroids and cytotoxic drugs. After a period of 8 to 42 months examinations were repeated and all three patients showed improved hypertension and less physical ailment. The radiographs from two patients even revealed an improvement of their pulmonary changes. PMID- 7282110 TI - Immunoregulatory role of stress mediators in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Eighteen patients suffering from chronic rheumatoid arthritis were selected for the present study. Plasma levels of stress hormones like catecholamines and cortisol were found to be elevated. At the same time reduction in percentage of E rosette forming lymphocytes and an elevation in levels of major serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) were observed. Certain other alterations in serum protein fractions were also noted. Probable role of these factors in the pathogenesis of this disease is discussed and attempts have been made to inter relate these findings. PMID- 7282112 TI - Myasthenia gravis as a complication of D-penicillamine therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - During the period 1971-79, 301 patients in the Voivodeship Integrated Hospital in Szczecin were treated with D-penicillamine (D-PCN). The complications observed included two cases of myasthenia gravis (MG), both in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, one a 41-year-old man given the drug for 8 months, the other a 50-year old woman treated in the same way for 4 months. In both patients, pneumomediastinography revealed enlargement of the thymus. Thymectomy followed by histological examination in both cases showed the existence of germinal centres and Hassall's bodies in the typical glandular texture. Follow-up examination 3 years later confirmed complete healing in the male patient and a marked improvement in the female patient. PMID- 7282113 TI - [Drug-induced fluorosis]. AB - Report of a 58 year old patient who, after a 5 year continuous treatment with altogether 146 g sodium fluoride, developed a grade II-III (Roholm) fluorosis. The fluorine treatment had been conducted for a radiologically demonstrated osteoporosis. Renal involvement was not demonstrated: serum creatinine was normal, the creatinine clearance only slightly reduced. The therapeutic goal of this continuous fluoride administration, i.e. freedom from skeletal pain and vertebral stability, was not achieved; new end plate impressions of dorsal vertebrae were found. PMID- 7282114 TI - [Cervico-cephalic syndrome]. AB - The cervico-cephalic syndrome (CCS) plays an important part in the various diseases of the upper cervical spine. For a better understanding of the symptoms, the specific anatomical structures and the relationship to the possible manifestations are discussed. With the case histories of four patients the various causes of the CCS are presented. In cases that are resistent to treatment the possibility of an intracranial ailment must be differentially evaluated. The inflammatory alterations, especially those seen in rheumatoid arthritis, as well as the anomalies are described. PMID- 7282118 TI - [Double validation of psychotherapy results]. AB - The possibilities and advantages of a double validation of psychotherapy results are shown. With such a double validation it comes to a reciprocal control of psychometric examination results and of a psychoanalytical rating of patients with the possibility to differentiate specific treatment effects from unspecific ones. PMID- 7282117 TI - [Tilt, life and falling sensations in neurotically disturbed persons]. AB - The present study is based on systematic observation of ten patients who reported having sensations of falling at more or less frequent intervals, either during an analysis session or in the course of their daily lives. This investigation is intended to shed light on the psychic causes of these phenomena, show the genetic conditions and inborn reaction mechanisms that lead to them, and, finally, list pointers as to how phenomena of this kind might be better understood and categorized when they appear in neurotic patients. PMID- 7282115 TI - [Measurement of the lumbosacral angle and its clinical significance]. AB - The author reports about the result of a series of investigations and tests concerning the angle of the L-S vertebral column. Different factors influencing the values of L-S angle are analyzed. The clinical importance of the respective angles is small, the statics of the L-S transition is determined by all angles together. The reduced L-S angle cannot be considered as an aetiological factor of the spondylolysthesis. The pathological angle values as well as the positions play a role in the induction of the discopathy PMID- 7282116 TI - [Psychodynamics of Bechterew's disease]. AB - Following earlier psychoanalytical articles on polyarthritic diseases without rheumatism factor, this investigation reports on patients with morbus Bechterew. The psychoanalytically expanded anamneses showed a distinct predominance of hysterical and depressive structures. With their friendly, open nature these patients appear cooperative and tension-free. They have problems when aggressive confrontations occur, especially with good acquaintances, from whom they expect recognition and friendly or loving attention. They try to earn these through a strong readiness to help, which often reaches a point of exhaustion. The causing situations appear especially characteristic: Before the disease started, most patients were able to sow their wild oats in all directions for a pretty long time. The disease breaks out when this lax style of living is given up, for the partner's sake, in a marriage or other firm kind of relationship. In their new life situation the patients cannot fully live their aggressive as well as their sexual needs in the accustomed way. A heightened muscular tension, as the physical correlate of this affective restraint, is postulated, which, as one of the factors, plays a role in the origin of morbus Bechterew. PMID- 7282119 TI - [Breast cancer in context - results of a prospective study and implications for therapy]. AB - 56 patients admitted to the surgical clinic for a breast biopsy were interviewed on the day of their admission. The interviewer recorded his impression of the conversation in eight rating scales. The assessments were repeated by an independent rater from edited tape recordings of the interviews. There was a statistical difference between breast cancer patients and patients with a benign node in all eight scales used and the diagnosis cancer was predicted by the interviewer and rater in 80-90% of all cases. A specific mode of therapeutic procedure is discussed in which the cancer is seen as the final link in a chain of similar occurrences, and in which inclusions of the surrounding field is more conclusive to success than working with the individual alone. The basic idea of this approach has for a long time played a part in the work with "difficult" patients: it very positively sanctions the behavior exhibited as a survival feat in an extremely difficult situation and it accepts that for the time being any other behavior is hardly possible. Thus, a paradoxical effect often ensues: the families begin to offer resistance to the doctor's one-sided representation and at the same time call their own behavior into the question. PMID- 7282121 TI - [Socio-medical aspects of diabetes mellitus in old age. Experience in southeast Hungary]. PMID- 7282120 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of gallstones. A test psychological study of female gallstone patients with clinical symptoms in comparison with a psychoanalytic study of gallstones]. AB - In a comparison of 51 women suffering from biliary calculi and 74 women chosen at random by means of T-tests in GT, FAF and FPI, significant differences occurred in various scales. The test group differed from the control group in respect to aggressiveness, propensity toward depression and emotional instability. The test subjects suffering from biliary calculi were also given a 16 PF as well as a questionnaire on afflictions and risk factors, obesity dominating among the latter. With the help of discriminant analysis four-fifth of the participants could be correctly associated with their group. A conclusion concerning psychosomatic and psychodynamic correlations could only be reached by means of comparison with a psychoanalytical study. PMID- 7282122 TI - Comparative ontogeny of behaviour in four species of squirrels (Sciuridae). AB - The development of behaviour in four species of Sciurid rodents, having terrestrial, arboreal and gliding way of life, is quantified and compared. The studied species are: Spermophilus columbianus, Spermophilus lateralis, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus and Glaucomys sabrinus. For each behaviour pattern the earliest and latest age of emergence is given along with a mean calculated for a series of young of each species. The development of locomotion, feeding, comfort, alertness, exploration, nest building and social behaviour and the principal events of physical development are analysed. The discussion shows that the specific differences in ontogenetic rate are controlled by a series of factors including predation pressure, hibernation and the specific complexity of locomotion. PMID- 7282123 TI - [Intracerebral injection technic without trepanation in rabbits]. PMID- 7282125 TI - Tumours of the external auditory canal and the auditory sebaceous glands in Han: WIST rats. Short communication. PMID- 7282124 TI - [Placement of permanent cannulas into the dog's colon]. PMID- 7282126 TI - Tumor and tumor-like swelling. PMID- 7282127 TI - Secondary inflammatory lesions of the urogenital organs in aging Han: WIST rats. short communication. PMID- 7282129 TI - [Urinary bladder papilloma as a cause of monstrous hydronephrosis]. PMID- 7282128 TI - Breeding of nude mice under improved conventional conditions. PMID- 7282130 TI - [A simple method for obtaining blood from bird embryos]. PMID- 7282131 TI - [Enzyme activities in plasma, liver and spleen homogenates of various rodents]. PMID- 7282132 TI - [Pathology of the spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee in elderly patients (Morbus Ahlback) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282133 TI - [Pancreatitis lymphomatosa (author's transl)]. AB - A case of an uncommon lesion of the pancreas in a 67-year-old woman is reported. Microscopically, the salient features of this lesion are a dense infiltration of the pancreas by lymphocytes and plasma cells, the presence of true lymphoid reaction centers, and fibrosis of parenchyma. The islets of Langerhans are not involved. The authors suggest the name "pancreatitis lymphomatosa" according to Hashimoto's throiditis lymphomatosa. The etiology and pathogenesis are unknown, an immunological reaction of antibodies to human pancreas is assumed. PMID- 7282134 TI - [Cell proliferation kinetics in the small intestine of rats with injured kidneys (author's transl)]. AB - Cell proliferation studies were performed in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 10 rats 5 months after 5/6 nephrectomy. The control group consisted of 8 unoperated rats. The results showed no differences in the labeling index, in the localisation of the proliferation within the crypts of Lieberkuhn and in the migration of labeled cells from the crypts to the top of the villi in both groups. These results may be explained by the small degree of renal insufficiency. PMID- 7282135 TI - [Pathogenetic interactions between veno-occlusive disease and sideroelastosis pulmonum? (author's transl)]. AB - The clinicopathologic findings in a case of a 66-year-old woman who died 19 days after admission to the hospital for treatment of chronic bronchitis and cor pulmonale are presented. Pathoanatomic investigation revealed striking features of pulmonary sideroelastosis, including fragmentation and iron impregnation of pulmonary elastic fibers. Simultaneously, the pulmonary veins showed alterations similar to those described as "veno-occlusive disease": numerous small and medium sized pulmonary veins were stenosed or completely obliterated by fibrous intimal connective tissue. The etiology of the pulmonary lesions is discussed on the basis of previously published cases. The possibility of a causal relationship between sideroelastosis and veno-occlusion is considered. PMID- 7282136 TI - [Tumors of the central nervous system in biopsy and autopsy material. 6th communication: Meningiomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282137 TI - [Histological renal changes after short-term preoperative irradiation. A contribution to the pathogenesis of irradiation-induced kidney damage (author's transl)]. AB - Early morphological changes caused by irradiation of the kidneys are presented. Due to hypernephroid carcinomas, the tumour-carrying renal ends were exposed to 1,100-3,150 rad during 2 weeks and nephrectomy was performed 3-7 days later. At this time, changes of all renal structures were evidenced by light microscopy. Their irradiation specificity and reversibility or irreversibility are discussed. Very early and simultaneous lesions of the renal structures were essential findings in our material. In the sequel, secondary renal hypertonia and glomerula nephrosis additionally occurred. The human kidney was found to be an organ sensitive to radiation. This should be considered when applying irradiation to the renal region. PMID- 7282138 TI - Bioptical liver changes in Mauriac syndrome. AB - Histologic findings are presented of 28 biopsies taken from 19 insulin-dependent children of either sex with long-standing diabetes who developed the Mauriac syndrome or forms frustes of it. Using this comprehensive material, probably the largest series of biopsies related to this problem, a detailed survey is given on morphologic liver findings associated with this rare type of chronic-diabetic decompensation of metabolism. Behaviour and extent of fat and glycogen deposits, including nuclear liver glycogen, showed marked variations. Not in all cases hepatomegaly, the main clinical symptom, was reflected by corresponding histologic findings. Liver glycogenosis alone is not pathognomonic of the Mauriac syndrome. In the decompensation phase of the disease however, liver glycogenosis is found fairly frequently, whereas in the recompensation phase hepatocytic lipid deposits are a common finding. PMID- 7282140 TI - [Investigations on the incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica - infections in the various forms of appendicitis, cholelithiasis, and goitre (author's transl)]. AB - Out of a total of 3347 patients operated on for acute appendicitis 125 were found to be infected with Yersinia enterocolitica. Histological examination revealed a catarrhal-purulent inflammation or a phlegmonous-gangrenous inflammation in 58,6%. This detection of Yersinia enterocolitica does not justify the omission to perform appendectomy, because true appendicitis cannot be ruled out. PMID- 7282142 TI - [Sarcoidosis of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7282141 TI - [Technique, indication and results of mesenterial-plication ad mod. Childs Phillips in the treatment of adhesion ileus (author's transl)]. AB - Surgical correction of adhesion ileus can only be performed by isolating the adherent loops of the gut. This entails lacerations of the serosa which would be the cause of new adhesions. Therefore, small serosal defects would be covered by the technique after Wichmann. In larger and multiple defects of the serosa the authors recommend the intestinal plication after Childs-Phillips. In 17 years 47 operations of this kind were performed, 20 patients could now be followed up. Internal splinting of the small intestine should only be performed in cases of peritonitis with paralysis of the gut, but absence of larger defects of the serosa. PMID- 7282139 TI - [Blunt abdominal trauma (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report on 204 patients operated on for a blunt abdominal trauma in the period from January 1, 1964 to December 31, 1978. As a consequence of the blunt abdominal trauma, rupture of the spleen was found most frequently. In diagnosing blunt abdominal lesions peritoneal lavage as well as abdominal emergency angiography by have proved best apart from X-ray examination. PMID- 7282143 TI - [Cancer in anal-rectal fistula]. PMID- 7282144 TI - [Evidence of air in the peritoneal cavity in perforated gastroduodenal ulcers during insufflation]. PMID- 7282145 TI - [Substitution of traumatic defects of the great peripheral vessels without transplantation or prostheses (animal experiments) (author's transl)]. AB - After resection of the femoral artery and vena over a distance of 10 to 15% of the total length of the femur the bone was shortened by resection to allow a normal end to end anastomosis of the cut ends of the vessels. Beginning with the 7th postoperative day, distraction was started using the Ilisarov-apparatus (fixateur externe). As soon as the original length was reestablished the immobilisation was maintained till the osseous fragments were reunited and the former fracture became stable. It could be observed that the lengthened vessels kept their normal diameter and remained patent. The healing of the vessel anastomoses was undisturbed. PMID- 7282146 TI - [Axillo-femoral bypass graft; results of treatment covering an 8 years period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282147 TI - [Treatment of fractures of the forearm in adults; present state (author's transl)]. AB - Conservative treatment of fractures of the forearm is no longer in all cases the method of choice. It is only still acceptable in stable diaphyseal fractures of the radius or the ulna. In all other cases plate osteosynthesis should be performed. The interpretation of a questionnaire recording 261 forearm fractures collected from 18 Traumatological Depts of the GDR permits the conclusion that compression plating will yield the best results in cases of instable or open fractures of the forearm. PMID- 7282148 TI - [Sympathectomy and bone circulation (animal experiments) (author's transl)]. AB - Lumbar sympathectomy doubles the blood flow of the tibia. This positive effect does not correlate with fracture healing: fracture hyperaemia will last longer, formation of new bone and bone resorption will be more intensive and is combined with trophic alterations. These symptoms characterize the clinical picture. PMID- 7282149 TI - [Epidemiology of thoracic injuries (author's transl)]. AB - The following details on thoracic traumata can be given as a survey: Occurrence: 6 to 10% of all injuries treated in hospitals (male: female - 3:1); about 8% open injuries (in Harlem N.Y: 86%); 80% occur as a polytrauma, 90% are combined with fractures. Mortality: 6 to 15% of all thoracic traumata and 20 to 30% of severe ones. ETIOLOGY: 60 to 70% traffic accidents, 15 to 20% during work, 15 to 20% at home, 2% sports accidents. Consecutive injuries of thoracic traumata are: Haemato - and/or Pneumothorax 35%, Lung contusion 20%, Heart concussion/contusion 15%, Rupture of diaphragm 4%, Aortic disruption 2%, Bronchus rupture 1%. PMID- 7282150 TI - Problems of a burn unit. PMID- 7282151 TI - [Purulent pericarditis in transdiaphragmatic perforation of a liver abcess]. PMID- 7282152 TI - [Diagnostics and therapy of fractures and fracture-dislocations of the vertebral column (author's transl)]. AB - Vertebral fractures with incomplete paraplegia should be reduced immediately. If the myelogram still shows compression of the medulla, an anterior decompression should be performed. All severe injuries to the cervical spine are stabilised with anterior bone block and plate osteosynthesis. Generally fractures of the lumbar spine are treated conservatively with reduction and plaster jacket. Operative treatment is necessary in dislocations with locked facets, secondary instability, and in cases with traumatic spondylolisthesis. Reduction and stabilisation can be performed either by interbody fusion or posterior fusion. PMID- 7282153 TI - Treatment of spinal fractures with paraplegia. AB - Of 206 patients with vertebral fractures in the thoraco-lumbar spine with spinal cord injuries, an antero-lateral decompression with stabilization of the injured segment of the vertebral column was undertaken in 56 cases. In all these cases there was a compression of the spinal cord from the front. 8 patients made a complete recovery, 31 a good recovery, and 6 were improved. In 8 patients no improvement was noted. 2 patients developed pressure sores later and 1 patient died one year after the operation of uraemia. 22 patients out of 55 got a normal function of the bladder and 25 patients out of 54 a normal function of the anal sphincter. 16 patients out of 17 made a complete or good recovery after removal of a displaced rotated vertebral bony fragment from the spinal canal, and 7 patients out of 9 with wedge shaped fractures. In our clinic today, in cases of vertebral fractures with neural involvement, reduction and internal fixation with Harrington rods and fusion of the injured segment is undertaken as soon as possible, also during the night. If narrowing of the neural canal and compression of the spinal cord are verified, a decompression operation with interbody fusion is undertaken during the next days. PMID- 7282154 TI - [New trends in treating fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine (author's transl)]. AB - Critical analysis of 50 patients suffering from fractures and dislocations of the cervical vertebral column proved that in most cases conservative as well as surgical treatment have satisfactory results. As long as no contraindications exist priority is given more to surgical procedures today. PMID- 7282156 TI - [Has the classic chordotomy a future? (author's transl)]. AB - Evaluating our results of anterior-lateral chordotomy in 88 patients suffering from intractable pain, we can state that this is a useful surgical procedure. Today however it has to be replaced by the so-called percutaneous cervical chordotomy. PMID- 7282155 TI - [Lumbar disc herniation; neurosurgical view (author's transl)]. AB - Evidently, the choice of treatment in lumbar disc herniation seems to depend more on the medical knowledge of the first consulted doctor than on actual scientific considerations. Thus, many patients having been insufficiently treated for a long time, are admitted to the neurosurgical department very late. Nowadays, myelography using modern contrast media enables the protruded disc to be exactly localized and to be removed with minimal damage to the tissue. PMID- 7282157 TI - [Diagnostic delay of abdominal injuries due to alcoholic intoxication. subtotal rupture of the stomach from the duodenum]. PMID- 7282158 TI - [Trauma-induced diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 7282160 TI - [Indications and contraindications in the use of the MacIntosh tibial plateau prosthesis]. PMID- 7282159 TI - [Computerized tomography and densitometry using computerized tomography in abdominal injuries]. PMID- 7282161 TI - [Emergency radiologic diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the spinal canal]. PMID- 7282162 TI - Microbial colonization of prosthetic devices. I. Microtopographical characteristics of intravenous catheters as detected by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Ten commercially available unused intravenous catheters were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Different types of irregularities in the external and internal surface could be detected in all catheters examined. Representative examples were demonstrated in 6 SEM-photos. The possible role of such irregularities in favouring bacterial attachment to catheter surfaces was discussed. PMID- 7282163 TI - Microbial colonization of prosthetic devices. III. Adhesion of staphylococci to lumina of intravenous catheters perfused with bacterial suspensions. AB - Intravenous catheters, artificially infected with staphylococci by perfusion experiments were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), to demonstrate the mode of adhesion. It seemed to be clear, that the first step of bacterial attachment was associated with the different irregularities of the inner surface of the catheter. With longer perfusion times and/or heavier inoculum cell adherence took place also in apparently smooth regions of the catheter lumen. The possible utilization of catheter material was discussed. PMID- 7282164 TI - Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus in marine and estuarine bathing areas in Danish coast. AB - From seventeen sites in three marine and two estuarine bathing areas at the Danish coast water samples were collected during the period from May to November 1979. Total bacterial counts were performed on blood agar. The prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus in 100 ml water samples using the filter membrane technique and TCBS agar plates was investigated with the possible correlation to water temperature and salinity. Only five strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated, two from marine and three from estuarine water. V. alginolyticus was isolated in 8.33 and 15.63 per cent, in relation to the total bacterial count/100 ml on TCBS agar, in marine and estuarine water samples, respectively. The maximum was registered in June and July, corresponding with the highest temperatures recorded (12-18 degrees C). V. alginolyticus should be considered a widely distributed bacterium in Danish coastal areas and could be regarded as a bacterial indicator of hygienic and public health importance. PMID- 7282165 TI - [Microbial settlement of paint- and building-materials in the sphere of drinking water. 8. Communication: Experimental examination of epoxy resin in laboratory tests (author's transl)]. AB - Different observations in potable water reservoirs with epoxy resins induced us to investigate some paintings. Commercial products of known and unknown constituents were tested. Some commercial products recommended for the use in potable water sphere produced microbial slime while others didn't. Solvents, accelerators and even both of the building compounds of the epoxy resin, if they are not used in the stoichiometric mixing ratio, may produce microbial slime. The temperature of preparation has an important influence on the slime formation. PMID- 7282166 TI - [Studies on the corrosive action of some disinfectants suitable for aerosol disinfection (author's transl)]. AB - Under defined conditions the corrosive effect of several disinfectants (hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, formaldehyde, beta-propiolactone, Wofasteril, Lysoformin and Tegodor 73) was investigated with different metals and synthetic products after repeated aerosolation. At 6 plastics no alterations of their surface quality, their tensile strength and their compression resistance were observed. The strongest corrosive effect was produced by hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid resp. the commercial preparation Wofasteril. Two aldehyde containing disinfectants caused little changes of the colour coat of silver, brass, titanium and zinc, steel showed strong alterations; the effect of formaldehyde was very similar. The repeated disinfection with beta-propiolactone produced little colour changes on the surface of brass, titanium and zinc, on steel a strong corrosion was observed. In a control test without disinfectants colour changes of metal surfaces and strong damage of steel was produced by a high humidity. These results and the practical applicability are discussed. PMID- 7282167 TI - Salmonella isolation with Rappaport's enrichment medium of different compositions. AB - One hundred samples of feces of normal pigs were examined for the presence of salmonellae. The feces were pre-enriched for 18 h in peptone water and then, 0.1 ml of the pre-enrichment medium was inoculated in 10 ml of the original Rappaport medium (R30), and two modifications (R25 and R10) of this medium. Two of the broths (R30 and R25) were incubated at 37 degrees C (R30/37 degrees C and R25/37 degrees C) while the R10 medium was incubated at 43 degrees C (R10/43 degrees C). In addition 100 ml of R10 medium (R10/100 ml/43 degrees C) and 100 ml of the standardized Muller Kauffmann's tetrathionate broth (MK/100 ml/43 degrees C) (Edel and Kampelmacher, 1969) were inoculated with 1 ml and 10 ml, respectively, of the pre-enrichment medium, and incubated at 43 degrees C. With the method R10/100 ml/43 degrees C, 37 samples were found positive while with the method MK/100 ml/43 degrees C only 22 positive samples were detected (P less than 0.001). With the Rappaport media in 10 ml volumes, the modification R10 yielded 26 positive samples, while the R30 and R25 broths yielded only 15 and 19 positive samples. All Rappaport procedures had a much stronger inhibition of the competing organisms, particularly those giving Salmonella-like colonies (lactose and sucrose negative), than the MK/100 ml/43 degrees C method, a fact of considerable importance in everyday's practice. PMID- 7282168 TI - [Topical problems and trends in surgical gynaecology (author's transl)]. AB - Surgical gynaecology in the late seventies was characterised by low lethality but still high morbidity. Comparative studies have remained to be somewhat difficult to undertake for the absence of one coherent, generally accepted definition and listing of intrasurgical and postsurgical complications. Several prophylactic steps are discussed, before reference is made to the choice of a surgical technique by which to cope with benign and malignant diseases. With low lethality and comparable morbidity, consideration may be given to other aspects, as well, including preservation of functionality, prevention of recurrence, and cosmetic requirements. The trend for malignant diseases, today, is to undertake surgery, as conservative as possible and as radical as necessary. PMID- 7282170 TI - [Recent studies into conductivity of oviduct (author's transl)]. AB - A modern functional test of tubal activity is based on the fundamental activity of the oviduct. A glass pessary is applied to the portio, before iodine containing contrast medium is injected into the Douglas pouch. The blue colour of genital secretion which accumulates in the pessary during iodine-starch reaction will indicate not only tubal patency but also conform tubal function. The functional test is easy to perform and does not imply any risk to the patient. It can thus be carried out in any hospital, but iodine allergy of the patient concerned should be ruled out beforehand. PMID- 7282171 TI - [Results obtained from gestagen treatment of patients for endometrial carcinoma, with particular reference to results obtained from in vitro tests before treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper is a retrospective review of two-year survival of 280 patients with endometrial carcinoma, with 22 per cent of them having received additional progestagen therapy. Survival rates were more favourable in response to progestagen therapy, particularly in the context of advanced stages. The best results were achieved by individual progestagen therapy preceded by pretherapeutic sensitivity testing. PMID- 7282169 TI - [Flow properties of blood in women on oral contraceptives (author's transl)]. AB - Erythrocyte deformability, whole-blood viscosity, haematocrit as well as fibrinogen and plasminogen concentrations were checked in 39 clinically intact women of whom 22 had been on oral contraceptives for upto five years. Also determined were several serum proteins, such as transferrin, coeruloplasmin, alpha-2 macroglobulin, alpha-1-trypsin, beta-lipoprotein, and inactivated complement component C3. -Seventeen women with intra-uterine devices were chosen to form a control group. Proteins with sensitivity to oestrogen as well as whole blood viscosity were found to be increased whereas erythrocyte deformability was decreased. Yet, no haemodynamic manifestation took place ot those rheological parameters, since haematocrit declined or remained constant, and no change occurred to fibrinogen and plasminogen concentrations. PMID- 7282173 TI - Factors influencing specific antibody formation in mice persistently infected with LCM virus. PMID- 7282172 TI - [Causes of wastage of incubated goose eggs. I. Contaminating internal bacterial flora]. PMID- 7282174 TI - [Bovine babesiosis in Austria. III. Taxonomy and morphology of Babesia divergens]. PMID- 7282175 TI - Congenital persistent swine fever (hog cholera). I. Pathomorphological lesions in lymphoid tissues, kidney and adrenal. PMID- 7282176 TI - Initial proliferation site of Marek's disease tumor cells in the spleen. PMID- 7282178 TI - Brucellae isolated from goats. PMID- 7282177 TI - Congenital persistent swine fever (hog cholera). II. Further pathomorphological observations with special emphasis on epithelial, vascular and nervous tissues. PMID- 7282179 TI - Ultrastructural study of experimental allergic neuritis in the chicken. I. Cell migration, granuloma formation and demyelination. PMID- 7282182 TI - Aerosol vaccination against Newcastle disease: virus levels in different organs. PMID- 7282181 TI - [Neurophysiopathology of Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi paralysis]. PMID- 7282180 TI - [Effect of various benzimidazole carbamates on somatic larvae of Ancylostoma caninum Ercolani 1859 (Ancylostomidae) and Toxocara canis Werner 1782 (Anisakidae). 1. Studies in white mice]. PMID- 7282184 TI - [Identification of the catecholamines in tissue extracts of the trematode, Fasciola hepatica]. AB - Dopamine was identified in extracts from Fasciola hepatica by the fluorometric method. It was found that the dopamine concentration in F. hepatica was 0.668 +/- 0.027 micrograms/g of wet weight. The head region (including the oral and ventral suckers) contained 1.658 +/- 0.275 micrograms/g of dopamine (0.016 +/- 0.002 micrograms per parasite), while the posterior region (located behind the ventral sucker) contained 0.278 +/- 0.070 micrograms/g of dopamine (0.014 +/- 0.004 micrograms per parasite). When the worms were treated with DL-DOPA, the concentration of dopamine increased. In helminths treated with reserpine a marked decline of dopamine level was observed. Adrenaline and noradrenaline were not detectable in F. hepatica. PMID- 7282183 TI - The effects of negative air ions on Newcastle disease virus. PMID- 7282185 TI - [Antioxidative function of the melanoprotein granules of the rabbit pigment epithelium of the eye]. AB - The intensity of peroxide oxidation of lipids in the pigmented epithelium of the eye, under hyperoxic conditions, is approximately 6 times lower in pigmented rabbits as compared to albino ones. In pigmented animals, the pigmented epithelium of the eye exerts evident protective effect during the action of oxygen on the retina. It is suggested that the observed inhibition of peroxide oxidation of lipids in the pigmented epithelium of pigmented animals is due to anti-oxidative effect of melanoprotein granules. PMID- 7282186 TI - [Spontaneous changes in cardiovascular functions in guinea pig fetuses]. AB - During the last half of pregnancy, in fetal guinea pigs studied have been made on the blood pressure in the navelstring artery, the placental connection of the fetus remaining intact. During prolonged experiments, fetal circulation exhibited spontaneous fluctuations in the form of reversible bradycardia and the decrease in the blood pressure. These changes were not associated with motor activity of the fetus. Age peculiarities of these fluctuations reflected the degree of maturity of circulation control mechanisms during prenatal development of animals. PMID- 7282187 TI - [Experience with immunologic surveillance for acute intestinal infections in the Kurgansk region]. PMID- 7282188 TI - [Genetic control of toxin formation by Vibrio cholerae. I. Mobilization of the tox gene of Vibrio cholerae by plasmid RP::Mu ctsS62]. AB - The possibility of the mobilization of V. cholerae genes responsible for toxin formation (tox gene) and serological specificity (oag-I gene, serotype Inaba) by the RP4::Mu cts62 plasmid was established. The cotransfer of tox and oag-I genes with his and ilv genes respectively by means of the RP4::Mu cts62 plasmid was revealed. The frequency of the cotransfer of tox his and oag-I ilv observed in our experiments corresponded to the known frequency of the cotransfer of these genes observed in crosses with V. cholerae P+-strains. In recombination clones selected according to chromosomal amino acid markers (His+, Ilv+), both carrying and not carrying tox and oag-I genes, no markers of the RP4 plasmid and phage Mu cts62 were detected. The only exception was one His+-recombinant clone. It possessed thermosensitivity (the marker of phage Mu cts62), not linked, however, with sensitivity to phage thermoinduction. Similar clones were obtained when the plasmid was eliminated from V. cholerae strains containing the RP4::Mu cts62 plasmid and having the phenotype corresponding to this plasmid. PMID- 7282189 TI - [Formation and persistence of L-variants of Salmonella typhi in experimental typhoid and in carriers]. AB - The possibility of the induction and persistence of S. typhi L-forms in the process of experimental typhoid infection and carriership has been studied in rabbits. This study has revealed that the process of L-transformation leading to the appearance of the imbalanced growth forms and unstable L-forms of S. typhi in the organism of the animals infected with S. typhi culture may occur under the conditions of carriership. Such changed forms can be detected in the organism of the animals 18 months after the primary infection. PMID- 7282190 TI - [Quantitative and species composition of conditionally-pathogenic microorganisms of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae in healthy subjects and intestinal dysbacteriosis]. AB - The spread and quantitative content of opportunistic microorganisms belonging to the families Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae in clinically healthy persons and in somatic patients with intestinal dysbacteriosis were studied. Opportunistic enterobacteria were shown to be widely spread in healthy persons (K. pneumoniae in 45%, Citrobacter in 44%, E. aerogenes in 17%, E. cloaceae in 11%). In clinically healthy persons most of these cultures (72.3%) were detected in an amount not exceeding 1 X 10(4) organisms per 1 g of feces, while in patients with intestinal dysbacteriosis opportunistic enterobacteria were detected in most cases (70.9%) in an amount of 1 X 10(5)--1 X 10(8) organisms per 1 g of feces. The results of this study suggest that the presence of the opportunistic enterobacteria K. pneumoniae, Citrobacter, E. aerogenes and E. cloaceae in an amount not exceeding 1 X 10(4) organisms per 1 g of feces is normal for healthy persons, while the increase of their presence in the intestine to 1 X 10(6)--1 X 10(8) is indicative of intestinal dysbacteriosis. PMID- 7282191 TI - [Addition to the scheme of ecologic variants of Staphylococcus aureus]. AB - Altogether 55 S. aureus strains were isolated from the nose and skin of 2 monkey species (Cercopithecus sabaeus and Macaca fascicularis). The strains were studied in 19 biological tests. 45 of these strains were found to differ in their biological properties from the ecological S. aureus variants described in literature. Of these grounds the strains were classified with the new ecovar simiae comprising 2 subvariants. The strains of the ecovar simiae coagulated human plasma, did not coagulate bovine plasma, formed type A/B colonies on a medium containing crystalline violet, required longer time to ferment mannitol (4 5 days), possessed DNase, were sensitive to "human" and resistant to "bovine" phages. The cultures of subvariant 1 produced fibrinolysin and caused type A hemolysis, the strains of subvariant 2 has no fibrinolysin and caused types B and C hemolysis. PMID- 7282192 TI - [Various aspects of humoral immunity in meningococcal infections. II. Formation of antibodies to group A meningococci in adults with generalized meningococcal infections]. AB - Altogether 258 serum samples obtained from 102 patients with generalized meningococcal infection were studied by means of the immune bacteriolysis test and the indirect hemagglutination test. This study revealed a pronounced increase in the titer of bactericidal and hemagglutinating antibodies to group A meningococcus in the process of the disease. The dynamics and intensity of antibody formation, revealed by means of the two tests, were found to be in complete correspondence. Antibody formation was most intensive in meningitis accompanied by meningococcemia. In most cases these antibodies were found to belong to the class of IgM on account of their physico-chemical nature. The highest bactericidal activity was found in the sera with high hemagglutinin titers; the summary titers of these sera were 4-64 times higher than the titers of cystein-resistant antibodies. PMID- 7282193 TI - [Ultrastructure, metabolism and function of white blood cells during the development of an immune response and exposure to glucocorticoids. III. Effect of immunization on the number and ultrastructure of rabbit bone marrow cells]. AB - The characteristic features of the early period after the immunization of rabbits with bovine serum albumin are the decreased content of ripe neutrophil forms, the increased numbers of eosinophils and basophils, as well as changes in the ultrastructure of granulocytes in the bone marrow. The destruction of the primary and secondary granules, vacuolization and an increase in acidic phosphatase activity can be observed in neutrophils. Each stage of immunogenesis has its characteristic ratio of various kinds of lymphocytes. In 14 days an increase in the number of lymphocyte-like mononuclear cells occurs. In their ultrastructure these cells are similar to the hypothetical colony-forming cells of the bone marrow in mice. PMID- 7282194 TI - [Reptiles, the chief reservoir of Edwardsiella in nature]. AB - The study of reptiles in the zoo has revealed the high level of Edwardsiella contamination in crocodiles (43%), snakes (36.4%), tortoises (23.6%) and, to a lesser extent, lizards (17.6%). All these reptiles are a natural source of Edwardsiella, and paleontological parallels, as well as the character of metabolic processes in Edwardsiella, allow referring them to the most ancient representatives of enterobacteria and date the appearance of these microorganisms from the beginning of the Mesosoic era and possibly from the end of the Paleosoic era. PMID- 7282195 TI - [Clinico-echoencephalographic correlations in the early diagnosis of traumatic intracranial hematomas and foci of brain crushing]. AB - The authors examined 254 patients with closed trauma of the skull and brain. Besides clinical examination all patients were subject to unidimensional multiaxial echoencephalography with a modified ultrasonic probe and method of examination Three degrees of brain affection were distinguished according to the clinical signs and three degrees of compression according to the results of echoencephalography, the combination of which allows correct tactics of examination and treatment to be used in patients with severe closed trauma of the skull and brain within the first hours of hospitalization. PMID- 7282196 TI - [Visual evoked potentials in cerebral contusions]. AB - The authors carried out neurophysiological examination of 70 patients with mild and moderate degree contusion on the convex surface of the brain by the method of induced visual potentials. Changes in the amplitude-time characteristics of visual induced potentials were revealed, which is evidence of pathophysiological changes in the brain limbico-reticular structures. Study of the induced makes it possible to reveal the character and side of the injury in early periods and guide pathogenetic treatment. PMID- 7282197 TI - [Changes in the cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration of children with cranio cerebral injuries]. AB - Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid in 43 children with craniocerebral trauma revealed a dependence of the lactate content on the degree of the injury (9.2 +/- 1.2 mg% in mild trauma; 13.5 +/- 1.7 mg% in moderate trauma; 18.3 +/- 1.7 mg% in severe trauma) and the clinical course. The cerebrospinal fluid is normalized 7 10 days after a moderate brain trauma, and in 3 weeks after a severe trauma. The findings suggest that the values of the cerebrospinal fluid lactate content are lower in children than in adults (9.7 mg%, on the average, in children under 10 years of age, and 11.3 mg% in those over 10 years of age). PMID- 7282199 TI - [Surgical tactics in foci of brain crushing]. AB - On the basis of 109 cases with foci of brain crushing their definition and working classification is given according to localization, spread and depth of the damage to the brain matter and the degree of compensation of the function of the brain and the organism as a whole. The concepts of "focus of crushing" and "focus of contusion" are distinguished. Four parameters are distinguished according to which decompensation in foci of crushing may develop: the condition of the vital functions, general cerebral and focal neurological symptoms, the findings of auxiliary examination methods. Attention is drawn to the need for early active diagnosis and the performance of operation in the phase of moderate clinical decompensation, i.e. before pronounced signs of compression and dislocation of the brain develop. Microsurgical techniques promote radical removal of the foci of crushing and thorough hemostasis. PMID- 7282198 TI - [Multiple saccular aneurysms of the carotid artery and its branches]. PMID- 7282201 TI - [Immunomorphologic basis for using fetal tissue of the same kind to repair defects in the dura mater]. PMID- 7282200 TI - [Pressure-volume relation in the craniospinal cavity in the presence of supra- and subtentorial pathology. II. Changes in local intracerebral pressure subsequent to cerebrospinal fluid compression and decompression of the brain]. AB - Comparative measurements of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (FP) and local intracerebral pressure of the interstitial fluid (ICPIF) both during their spontaneous changes and during artificial changes in cerebrospinal fluid volume were conducted in 15 neuro-oncological patients in the postoperative period. ICPIF pressure was measured by means of a double-layer perforated capsule perceiving pressure of the surrounding interstitial fluid. In patients who underwent removal of a tumor from the posterior cranial fossa ICPIF ranged from 15.8 to +9.5 mm Hg, and FP from 15 to 37.5 mm Hg. In patients subjected to removal of meningioma of the chiasmal-sellar area ICPIF ranged from -11.2 to +0.4 mm Hg, while FP ranged from 4 to 18.7 mm Hg. In artificial decrease in FP to 5 mm Hg and subsequent increase to 35-50 mm Hg, ICPIF changed as a rule, though only slightly (from 0.5 to 10 mm Hg), and often the changes in FP and ICPIF were opposite in direction. In approximately 1/3 of cases ICPIF did not change while the changes in FP ranged from 5 to 50 mm Hg. The possible causes of changes in intracerebral pressure in dosaged FP changes are discussed and a conclusion is drawn that the changes in ICPIF are not a simple reflection of FP dynamics but are linked with the effect exerted on the interstitial fluid by some factors among which are changes in intra-capillary pressure and tension in the cerebral tissue. PMID- 7282202 TI - [Clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment of posttraumatic intracerebral hematomas]. AB - The features of the clinical course and diagnosis of intracerebral hematomas are described from the analysis of 57 patients with post-traumatic intracerebral hematomas. It is shown that late formation of hematomas may occur. The results of surgical management of hematomas are analyzed. Wide trephination followed by radical removal of the hematoma is the optimum surgical procedure. It is noted that the results of treatment are determined by the rate of formation and volume of the hematoma and the patient's age. PMID- 7282204 TI - [U-shaped neurosurgical spatula]. PMID- 7282203 TI - [Complex treatment of toxoplasmosis meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 7282205 TI - [Differentiated surgical treatment of cerebral contusions]. PMID- 7282206 TI - Effect of ovariectomy, thyroidectomy and of thyroxine treatment on the plasma level of corticosterone of the female Japanese quail. AB - Corticosterone was determined by means of competitive protein binding in the plasma of ovariectomized, thyroidectomized, ovariectomized and thyroidectomized, thyroxin-treated, corticosterone-treated and control Japanese quails, exposed to short or long photoperiod. Female birds exposed to short photoperiod possessed a slightly (not significantly) higher plasma corticosterone level than male ones. In photostimulated animals, however, the plasma corticosterone level showed no sex difference. Unlike in male quails, photostimulation did not enhance corticosteronaemia in the female ones. Corticosterone level was decreased by ovariectomy in both short-day and long-day birds. It was decreased by thyroidectomy and increased by thyroxine treatment in short-day birds, while the same interventions were ineffective in photostimulated ones. The data obtained point to that thyroxine treatment enhances, while the lack of ovarian sexual steroids decreases the plasma corticosterone level of female Japanese quails. Comparison of data obtained from ovariectomized + thyroidectomized birds shows that light may be responsible for elevated corticosteronaemia per se. PMID- 7282207 TI - Light and electron microscopic investigation of the sensory cell bodies in the epidermis of the foot of the snail Helix pomatia L. AB - Light and electron microscopic studies were made on the receptor cells in the sole of the snail Helix pomatia. The cell bodies of the primary receptor cells, which can frequently be found in columnar or ganglion-like groups are situated at different depths below the basal lamina. The perikarya of the sensory cells usually measure 12 micrometers by 8 micrometers. Their nuclei are usually invaginated and contain large amounts of marginal heterochromatic substance. The nucleus usually measures 8 micrometers by 6 micrometers. The cytoplasm contains a well-developed Golgi apparatus consisting of several stacked lamellae surrounded by clear and dense-core vesicle. There are differences between cells in the amount of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, in the free ribosomes and in other cytoplasmic elements. The axonal processes of the sensory cells are generally thin and connected to the subepithelial plexus. There are axonic swellings containing a mixed vesicle population, some of them near the muscle cell processes. We failed to find typical axo-axonic synaptic connections in the subepithelial nerve plexus as well as in motor connections within the muscle cell processes. On the basis of the ultrastructural features of the vesicles and other organelles we failed to classify different types of sensory cells. The ultrastructural difference between sensory cell bodies may be explained with a presumptive differentiation process. PMID- 7282208 TI - Experimental investigations on the hypokinesis of skeletal muscles with different functions, V. AB - The composition of myofibrillar proteins was studied in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of rabbit hind limbs immobilized by plaster cast in experiments lasting 1--4 weeks. The amounts of actin, M protein and C protein increased relative to the normal composition. The ratio of the light chain peptides of the fast muscle myosin changed from 1 : 2 : 1 to 1 : 2 : 0.5 as a result of 4 weeks of disuse. The LC-1 : LC-2 ratio of slow myosin did not change considerably while the amount of fast LC-3 peptide, hardly detectable in soleus muscle, increased more than tenfold. The amount of tropomyosin decreased significantly in both muscles. The submolecular composition of troponin changed, mostly in the slow muscle; TN--C and TN--I decreased significantly, whereas there was an increase in the TN--T values. It is concluded that the phenotype of the structural proteins of muscles with different functions is de-differentiated by disuse, while the genetic functions of the muscle cells is reprogrammed to the synthesis of contractile proteins (e.g. myosin) characteristic of the other type of muscle. PMID- 7282209 TI - Non-random centromere division: analysis of G-banded human chromosomes. AB - The distribution by individual chromosomes of early centromere divisions was investigated in two series of G-banded lymphocyte culture preparations. 1. Photographs of mitoses of routinely karyotyped 201 healthy persons were retrospectively analysed. 2. In a prospective study, 48 h and 72 h cultures of 12 girl infants were examined. The results were very similar in both series. They confirm a non-randomness of centromere separation which seems to be independent of sex and technical factors. The earliest dividing chromosomes were Nos 18, 2, 5, 12 and X, in that order, whereas the acrocentrics were the last to separate. The investigation of asynchronous division may be interesting from the point of view of mechanism of non-disjunction, and of testing mutagenicity. PMID- 7282210 TI - Nonmutagenic activity of the nitroprusside. AB - The mutagenic activity of the pentacyanonitrosylferrate (II) (NP) was studied by the prophage induction and the Drosophila mosaic test. On the basis of plaque and mosaic spot induction freqauencies it is concluded that both NP and its adenine complex are nonmutagenic as for induction of chromosome breaks and point mutations. The nonmutagenic activity of the NP can be attributed to its nonpermeability through cell membranes. PMID- 7282212 TI - The investigation of [(4'-amino)-PHE]4-enkephalin conformation in water by the spectrofluorimetric procedure. AB - The intramolecular distance between the aromatic rings of tyrosine and 4' aminophenylalanine in Tyr-Gly-Gly-(p-NH2)Phe-Leu was determined spectrofluorimetrically. On the basis of the data obtained, conformation of the analogue of Leu-enkephalin (an endogenous pentapeptide with morphine-like activity) was established. From tyrosine fluorescence quenching and relative enhancement of 4'-aminophenylalanine fluorescence, the efficiency of intramolecular energy transfer between tyrosine and 4'-aminophenylalanine was determined and the average distance between fluorophores was calculated to be about 1 nm. PMID- 7282211 TI - 1H NMR studies on interactions of calcium and magnesium with aspartic acid and asparagine. AB - 1H NMR was used to establish the modes of binding magnesium and calcium ions with L-aspartic acid and L-asparagine. Constants of vicinal proton-proton coupling were used to evaluate the rotational isomerism of amino acids and and their complexes with metal ions. Both ions studied interact with carboxyl groups of amino acids but only magnesium ion binds with amino group. PMID- 7282213 TI - Interaction of acid alpha 1-glycoprotein with immunoglobulins. AB - 1. The acid alpha 1-glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) immobilized on Sepharose binds selectively only those immunoglobulins (IgG) of total serum proteins which are eluted either with 0.75 m-NaCl or free alpha 1-AGP. 2. alpha 1-AGP, upon partial enzymatic desialination, loses the ability to bind IgG, and does not acquire the ability to bind other serum proteins. 3. The interaction of alpha 1-AGP with IgG or fragments (Fab')2 depends on pH and ionic strength of the medium. At pH 7.2 and ionic strength of 0.15 alpha 1-AGP forms with IgG soluble complexes in which one molecule of IgG binds six molecules of alpha 1-AGP. PMID- 7282214 TI - Isolation and identification of the cyanogen bromide peptides of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from human muscle. AB - D-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) from human muscle was S carboxymethylated, cleaved with cyanogen bromide and citraconylated. The enzymatic protein contains 344 amino acid residues, nine of which are methionines. The respective ten cyanogen bromide fragments have been isolated and characterized. Each peptide was purified to homogeneity by Bio-Gel chromatography, high voltage electrophoresis and descending paper chromatography, and characterized by electrochromatography, N-terminal sequence and amino acid composition. PMID- 7282215 TI - Characterization of DNA polymerases from the mammary gland of pregnant rabbit. AB - 1. The nuclear extract from the mammary gland of pregnant rabbit was shown to contain DNA polymerases alpha, beta and gamma. Polymerases alpha and gamma were found also in the mitochondria-free cytoplasmic fraction. 2. The nuclear enzymes were partially purified, separated by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation, and identified on the basis of their template-primer utilization, sedimentation coefficients and sensitivity to N-ethylmaleimide. 3. Catalytic properties of the activated-DNA-dependent DNA polymerases alpha and beta were also described. PMID- 7282218 TI - Synaptosomal uptake and release of dopamine and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine in the nucleus accumbens in vitro following in vivo administration of lysergic acid diethylamide in rats. AB - The uptake and the depolarisation-induced release of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) were investigated after systemic application of LSD on synaptosomes of the nucleus accumbens of rats. For the release experiments synaptosomes were prelabelled with [14C]-DA and [3H]-5-HT, respectively, and superfused with physiological and potassium-enriched (50 mM) solutions. Low doses of LSD (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg i. p.) induced a dose-dependent inhibition of the DA-release and an increase of the DA-uptake, respectively. LSD inhibited both the release and the uptake of 5-HT significantly. The results are discussed with respect to a reliable characterization of the in vivo induced effects of LSD on the isolated synaptosomes. PMID- 7282217 TI - What information contains a rest contraction curve? a theoretical study with experimental results from the rabbit papillary muscle. AB - On the basis of a specialized two-Ca store model the degree of coupling q between the two stores was introduced. q is defined by the time constants of the model (leakage and coupling time constant) and varies between O (uncoupled stores) and 1 (maximal coupled stores). Provided that the contraction height in first approximation is proportional to the myoplasmic Ca concentration from the rest contraction curve the degree of coupling can be calculated using the coordinates of the maximum developed tension. From 13 rabbit papillary muscles the values of q were determined at different periods of rest thus demonstrating that q cannot be considered as constant in the first period of the pause. Accordingly, the time constants change rapidly at the beginning of the rest reaching relatively constant values after the half of the maximum time of the rest contraction curve. With respect to the hypothesis of intracellular recycling Ca controlling the contraction in cardiac muscle the great values of q (about 0.9 after a longer period of rest) suggest a very little loss of Ca from intracellular stores by leakages. From our calculations it is expected that in the maximum of the rest contraction curve the Ca concentration in both stores might differ insignificantly. PMID- 7282216 TI - [Effect of piracetam and dihydroergotoxine on the release of dopamine from the corpus striatum of the rat]. PMID- 7282219 TI - Displacement of specific serotonin and lysergic acid diethylamide binding by Ergalgin, a new antiserotonin drug. AB - [3H]-serotonin and [3H]-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) bind with a high affinity, KD = 12 nM and 6 nM, respectively, to distinct receptors of rat caudate membranes in vitro. Displacement experiments with unlabeled serotonin and LSD support the hypothesis of serotonin receptors existing in an agonist and antagonist state. Methysergide and Ergalgin display quite similar potencies in displacing [3H]-serotonin and [3H]-LSD from their specific binding sites (Ki = 46,7 and 53,4 nM; 22,3 and 36,5 nM, respectively). Contrary to pharmacological findings these binding results are in favour of mixed agonist/antagonist properties of these compounds. PMID- 7282220 TI - Scopolamine-induced hypermotility in rats is mediated via a dopaminergic system. AB - To clarify the relation between cholinergic and dopaminergic transmission systems involved in locomotor effects the influence of dopaminergic drugs on scopolamine hypermotility was investigated. Scopolamine and apomorphine in locomotor stimulant doses showed additive effects. Apomorphine in a dose acting on presynaptic dopaminergic receptors decreased the scopolamine hypermotility markedly. Haloperidol antagonized both scopolamine and apomorphine hypermotility in an apparently competitive way. Sulpiride potentiated scopolamine locomotor effect. Additionally, it was shown that LSD potentiated scopolamine hypermotility as well as apomorphine hypermotility. The results suggest in connection with literature data that locomotor effects of drugs affecting cholinergic transmission may by mediated by a dopaminergic system. PMID- 7282221 TI - Kainic acid induced lesion of ventral tegmental area: locomotor effect of apomorphine. AB - Kainic acid induced lesion of dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (KA-A10) result in a permanent behavioral syndrome in the rat in which locomotor hyperactivity is the most typical symptom. Apomorphine in low doses (0.125 and 0.25 mg/kg i.p.) was as active as haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg i.p.) in abolishing this locomotor hyperactivity while higher doses of apomorphine were less active. The KA-A10 lesion is discussed as a model of mesolimbic/mesocortical dopaminergic hyperactivity. PMID- 7282222 TI - [Central depletion of transmitters by reserpine and motor behavior in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Reserpine treatment depletes the catecholamine content in diverse parts of the brain differently. Restoring proceeds slowly with different velocities. Dopaminergic areas tend to a faster repletion than noradrenergic ones. During long-term depletion a recovery of motoric behaviour occurs. This adaptive process is not correlated with the dopamine level in caudate nucleus. The latter depends on the dosage schedule and fails in developing adaptive changes to chronic reserpine administration. PMID- 7282223 TI - [Effect of psychodrugs on morphine effectivity (author's transl)]. AB - After withdrawal of daily treatment with haloperidole (2 mg/kg s.c.) and apomorphine (10 mg/kg s.c.) for 21 days, respectively, and clomipramine (15 mg/kg s.c.) for 28 days, a decrease of morphine analgesia is observed. The findings are interpreted as a sensitivity change of the transmission systems involved in the action mechanism of the antinocifensive morphine effect. Morphine lethality remains unaffected by the synaptic efficiency of the transmission systems investigated. PMID- 7282224 TI - Interaction at the synaptic level of fusaric acid with neurotransmitters. AB - Fusaric acid (FA) is shown to induce inhibition of noradrenaline and dopamine uptake in synaptosomes from rat hypothalamus and corpus striatum. The basal overflow of noradrenaline and dopamine from "brain stem" and corpus striatum slices is stimulated by FA. While this influence of FA on noradrenaline release is further enhanced by other stimuli (raised K+ concentration or electrical stimulation), no comparable effect can be observed concerning dopamine release. The data show that FA which is known as a potent dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor of high specificity exerts also marked effect in the central nervous system by interference with other synaptosomal functions. PMID- 7282225 TI - [Supersensitivity by reserpine and means of antagonizing it]. AB - Single or repeated reserpine application elicited in rats a supersensitivity which is measurable both by the rotation behavior and motor activity. This supersensitivity is accompanied by enhanced responsiveness to unspecific stimuli and increased responsiveness to receptor-active substances (dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, carbachol). Pretreatment with actinomycin D can transiently inhibit the development of supersensitivity, while repeated lithium application has no effect on it. The results give evidence for the unspecificity of reserpine-induced supersensitivity, which comprises both aminergic transmission systems and cholinergic systems and can be antagonized by inhibitors of protein synthesis. PMID- 7282227 TI - [Effect of antihypertensives on the activity of lipoprotein lipase of cardiac tissue in rabbits, and normotonic and spontaneously hypertensive rats]. AB - The influence of reserpine, alpha-methyldopa and clonidine on the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) of the rabbit heart and the effect of reserpine on the LPL activity of the cardiac tissue of normotonic and spontaneously hypertensive rats was investigated by a modified method of Robinson, Reserpine and alpha methyldopa caused in the rabbit heart muscle a pronounced increase in LPL activity by 74 and 35%, respectively. Stimulation by clonidine was not statistically verified. Application of reserpine increases the LPL activity in the hearts both of normotonic and spontaneously hypertensive rats. The enzyme activity in the hypertrophied hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats is not enhanced. The results are discussed in connection with changes of the catecholamine level. PMID- 7282226 TI - [Effect of phenobarbital on self-ratings of healthy subjects in comparison to the objective impairment of their performance]. AB - The influence of phenobarbital (1.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 mg/kg) on cognitive, psychomotor and reaction performance as well as the subjective self-assessment was studied in healthy volunteers. Threshold doses were determined, at which initiating impairment of the performance was evident, the self-ratings being the most sensitive indicator. Ranking next in terms of sensitivity were cognitive and other performance tests. In connection with the present results the term "hypnotic dose" is critically evaluated. Whether or not a dose produces a hypnotic effect is believed to be primarily governed by the activation level of volunteers of patients. Moreover, the results presented emphasize that a valid assessment of the drug influence on performance is possible only by objective tests and subjective self-ratings to be accomplished simultaneously. PMID- 7282228 TI - A bovine brain fraction with fibroblast growth factor activity inducing articular cartilage regeneration in vivo. AB - A bovine brain fraction with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activity was prepared according to the method described by Gospodarowicz et al. and its influence on the healing process of experimentally produced intrachondral lesions in the knee joint of rabbits was studied. Intraarticular administration of this preparation resulted in a substantial stimulation of the proliferation of "cluster cells", a special kind of chondrocytes which accumulate and form clusters. PMID- 7282229 TI - Investigations of artificial aggregation of washed human erythrocytes caused by decreased pH and reduced ionic strength. AB - Aggregation measurements of washed human erythrocytes were carried out in a NaCl PBS solution under laminar shear conditions. An artificial aggregation was caused by decreased pH and reduced ionic strength, and characterized by the collision efficiency, e.m., the probability of a permanent aggregate formation. It was found that the aggregation increases reducing the ionic strength and decreasing the pH of the medium. Pretreatment with Amphothericin B did not change the aggregation. The results cannot be explained neither by the usual D.L.O.V. theory (force balance between electrostatic repulsion and attraction due to dispersion forces) nor by direct influence of the changed transmembrane potential. It is supposed that this type of aggregation involves reversible changes of the membrane and/or the surface structure. PMID- 7282230 TI - Participation of thalamic nuclei in the elaboration of conditioned avoidance reflexes of rats. VII. Lesions of the nucleus lateralis posterior. AB - Bilateral lesions of the nucleus laterials posterior thalami (LP) scarcely changed preoperatively learnt conditioned avoidance responses (CAR) in a runway and the Y-maze. Postoperative elaboration of CAR showed some difficulties in the runway which were increased during alternation training in the Y-maze. All rats with LP lesions had severe disturbances of spatial orientation in new situations, which could be overcome by training. PMID- 7282231 TI - [Toxicity of organic phosphates under the influence of neuroleptics]. PMID- 7282232 TI - Sex steroids in bilharzial liver affection. 1. estrogens. AB - The serum levels of estrone, estradiol and estriol in males with various stages of bilharzial liver disease were determined using a radioimmunoassay method. The study included thirty male patients with bilharzial liver disease representing the three stages of hepato-splenomegaly, shrunken liver and ascites. Twenty healthy males were taken as controls. Serum estrone and estriol levels were significantly higher, serum estradiol showed either mild decrease or insignificant change in the bilharzial group as compared to the normals. PMID- 7282233 TI - Agonist--antagonist--muscarinic receptor ternary complex. PMID- 7282234 TI - Purification of rat uterine peroxidase. AB - Using a combination of gel filtration, affinity chromatography on immobilized concanavalin A and hydrophobic adsorption chromatography, a peroxidase has been isolated from the uteri of oeastrogen-primed rats. The enzyme was purified some 306-fold with respect to the uterine extract and to greater than 95% homogeneity. The final product had an apparent molecular weight of 48 000, an absorption maximum at 412 nm (A412/A280 = 0.47) and a specific activity very similar to those of several other pure haemoprotein peroxidases. PMID- 7282235 TI - Protein kinase activity and endogenous protein phosphorylation in rat liver plasma membranes. AB - When rat liver plasma membranes were incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP radio-labelled phosphate was incorporated into endogenous protein and exogenous substrate by a membrane-bound protein kinase activity. A high ATP/membrane protein ratio was required for optimum incorporation conditions. Cyclic AMP did not affect the incorporation of phosphate. The protein kinase activity was extracted from the membranes by 1% Triton X-100 and a high concentration of KCl. The solubilised enzyme resolved into two fractions on DEAE-cellulose chromatography. One enzyme fraction had the same properties as the catalytic subunit of cytosolic cyclic AMP dependent protein kinases. Endogenously phosphorylated proteins were resolved by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into five major and additional minor phosphorylated components. Three of the major phosphorylated components were tightly bound to the membrane material and were not extracted by 1% Triton X-100 and 1M KCl. PMID- 7282237 TI - Identification of neighbouring components in the quaternary eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation complex, eIF-2.GTP.Met-tRNAf.small ribosomal subunit. PMID- 7282236 TI - Relations between latent membrane-bound and active polyribosomal messenger ribonucleoprotein particles in dormant and developing Artemia embryos. PMID- 7282238 TI - NMR diffusion, a method for studies of dynamics and mesophase structure of membrane lipids. PMID- 7282241 TI - Complications after large vein catheterization. AB - Serious complications of the introduction of pacemaker electrodes and of the catheterization of large veins performed in the course of 6 years are discussed. The majority of the 24 observed complications occurred on the left side. In the case of constant suction and thoracic haemorrhage, surgical exposure is unavoidable. In five cases the complications were due to temporary pacemaker electrodes. Four of the patients died of organ damage. Three typical case records are presented. PMID- 7282239 TI - Changes in the matabolism of steroid hormones by the rat liver cytochrome P-450 system after induction with trans-stilbene oxide. PMID- 7282243 TI - Antithrombin activity in the venous blood of the extremities. PMID- 7282242 TI - [Trace elements in amniotic fluid in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy]. AB - The iron, copper, zinc and chromium content of the amniotic fluid was determined on the occasion of 56 deliveries in the 35th to 40th week of pregnancy and the following results were obtained: iron 32.1 +/- 32.6 microgram, copper 11.4 +/- 4.5 microgram, zinc 30.3 +/- 31.4 microgram, chromium 0.363 +/- 0.205. Simultaneously performed determinations revealed that the concentration of all the investigated trace elements was higher in the maternal and cord blood than in the amniotic fluid. The results were analysed according to the weight of the infant at birth and the pathologic events of delivery and compared to the results of other authors. PMID- 7282244 TI - Cellular immune function in patients with cancer of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Lymphocytes of 30 patients were examined for cellular immune function one day prior to operation. In 11 patients the tests were repeated six weeks after surgery. In comparison with 26 healthy blood donors the E rosette values were strongly reduced in the patients group. The zymosan-complement rosette counts were significantly lower if percentages were compared, but not significant when they were expressed in absolute numbers. Lymphocyte transformation tests revealed significant differences between the patients and control cases with all three mitogens applied (PHA, ConA, PWM). In the 11 patients with the tests repeated after operation, the effect of autologous plasma on the cultures was also studied. The main tendency was inhibition but in some cases the patients' plasma enhanced the reaction. Killer cell activity by ADCC was significantly lower in patients' than in the healthy donors' lymphocytes in different target-effector cell ratios. PMID- 7282240 TI - [The significance of vascular diameters in vascular reconstruction surgery]. PMID- 7282245 TI - [Susceptibility of the myocardium to injury in decreased coronary circulation]. AB - In the experiments intact dog hearts with ligated descendents, hearts with aorta insufficiency and others with a cardiopulmonary bypass were perfused. It was demonstrated that both ischaemia and relative oxygen deficiency induce within a comparatively short time the same type of irreversible damage in the structure of the subendocardial layers of the myocardium (lysis and rupture of the myofilament, swelling of the mitochondrium, rupture and lysis of the crista, clearing of the matrix). Consequently, the aimed protection of the myocardium during cardiac surgery is of the greatest importance. PMID- 7282246 TI - Closure of post-laryngectomy pharyngeal fistulas. PMID- 7282247 TI - Modified transvesical prostatectomy. PMID- 7282248 TI - [Causes of delayed diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282249 TI - [A case of multiple chondromatosis in a child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282250 TI - [Fatigue fracture with an uncommon localization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282251 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of growth on the development of curves of the scoliotic spine under conditions of comprehensive conservative treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282252 TI - [Complications during the surgical treatment of scolioses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282254 TI - [Swedish experience with total endoprostheses of the knee (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282253 TI - [Surgical treatment of Calve-Legg-Perthes disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282255 TI - [Surgery of the traumatic denervation syndrome of the cubital canal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282256 TI - [Twenty-five years of experience with surgical treatment of fractures of the proximal part of the femur (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282257 TI - [Analysis of contact tension in the knee joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282258 TI - A functional model of the lipoprotein lipase system. PMID- 7282260 TI - The structure of the skin of the capybara. PMID- 7282259 TI - [Dopaminergic deficiency and modified estrogenic feedback in primary hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7282261 TI - [Histochemical observations in the papillary development of the rumen]. PMID- 7282262 TI - Effect of oestradiol-17 beta on the metabolism of noradrenaline in brain slices of ovariectomized rats. AB - Ovariectomized rats received a single injection of 10 microgram oestradiol-17 beta 3-benzoate; 90 min or 19 h after injection, slices of various brain areas were prepared and incubated with tritiated noradrenaline for 30 min. Methylated and non-methylated metabolites of tritiated noradrenaline were determined after chromatographic separation. Nineteen h after administration of oestradiol-17 beta 3-benzoate, the formation of normetanephrine, 3-methoxy 4-hydroxy phenylglycol and 3-methoxy 4-hydroxy mandelic acid was decreased (P less than 0.05) in hypothalamic tissue, whereas that of 3,4-dihydroxy mandelic acid was increased (P less than 0.001). In thalamus tissue a decrease or normetanephrine (P less than 0.005) and an increase of 3,4-dihydroxy mandelic acid (P less than 0.001) were also observed. No conclusive results were obtained with hypophyseal tissue. The present findings suggest that oestrogens reduce the methylation of noradrenaline, probably through a competitive inhibition of the catechol-O-methyl-transferase by 2-hydroxylated oestrogens. PMID- 7282263 TI - Possible circadian periodicity of foetal prolactin secretion late in gestation. AB - Prolactin levels were determined in samples of umbilical venous blood at vaginal delivery after 38-42 weeks of uncomplicated gestation. The mean level of prolactin for all samples was 328.4 +/- 7.4 (SE) ng/ml. The levels did not vary significantly during these weeks of gestation, nor correlate with the duration of labour. The means of levels combined every 2 h varied significantly throughout the 24 h period with a maximum value of 460.3 +/- 85.1 ng/ml at 2-4 a.m. and a minimum value of 241.4 +/- 27.2 ng/ml at 6-8 a.m. and remained relatively constant between 2-4 and 10-12 p.m. These results suggest that a circadian periodicity may exist in the secretion of prolactin by the human foetus, and that this is not affected by labour and delivery. PMID- 7282264 TI - Oestrogen synthesis by bovine foetal placenta at normal parturition. PMID- 7282265 TI - In vitro oestrogen synthesis by bovine placenta during pregnancy and induced parturition. AB - Foetal (cotyledon) placental tissue was collected from 7 pregnant cows and from 8 cows immediately after delivery of the foetus during parturition induced by luteal removal at 250 or 270 days of gestation. These tissues were incubated with [3H]androstenedione (A), [3H]17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha HP), or [3H]pregnenolone (P5) to examine potential oestrogen precursors in the mid to late pregnant cow. Percentage conversion to unconjugated and conjugated oestrone (Oe1) and oestradiol (Oe2) was measured for each tissue with the various substrates. Unconjugated oestrogens predominated over conjugated (P less than 0.001), and Oe1 over Oe2 (P less than 0.001) in all incubations. There was no difference in conversion of A between pre- and post-partum foetal tissues. There was a significant elevation in conversion of P5 in post-partum foetal tissue (P less than 0.05). These data demonstrate a) placental aromatase activity does not appear to increase as pregnancy progresses towards parturition, b) the bovine placenta is able to convert C21 steroids to oestrogens, and c) induction of enzymes for converting pregnenolone or related substrates to oestrogens may be involved in the pre-partum rise in oestrogen levels. PMID- 7282267 TI - Somatomedin activity measured as sulphation factor in culture media from normal human liver and connective tissues explants. Effects of human growth hormone. AB - Normal human explants from liver and from connective tissues (aponeurosis or skin) incubated in vitro released sulphation activity measurable in chick embryo cartilage. Addition of human Growth Hormone (hGH) at physiological levels (10 ng/ml) increased the sulphation activity after 6 hours incubation time. Higher doses failed to increase the sulphation activity produced by connective tissues and decreased the sulphation activity produced by the liver. PMID- 7282266 TI - The effect of low dose oestrogens on short-term growth and concomitant biochemical phenomena in girls with tall stature. AB - Using a simple non-invasive ulnar length measuring technique a 70 to 80% decrease in ulnar growth velocity was found during one interval of 9 weeks of low dose ethinyloestradiol administration (0.050 mg daily) in girls with tall stature. This decrease in ulnar growth velocity was found to be statistically significant within 6 and even 3 weeks after starting oestrogen loading whereas the change in body growth velocity was only significant after 9 weeks. After interpreting oestrogen administration, ulnar growth velocities increased again but to values tending to be lower than before ethinyloestradiol loading. Serum alkaline phosphatase activities and plasma inorganic phosphorus and calcium levels also decreased significantly during oestrogen therapy within 9 weeks. The results found illustrate that the measuring technique used enables evaluation of the short-term effect of hormonal treatment on growth and thereby related biochemical phenomena. PMID- 7282269 TI - Multiple forms of growth hormone: detection in medium from cultured pituitary adenoma explants. AB - Three pituitary adenomas obtained from patients wtih acromegaly were maintained in organ explant culture for a period of 12 days in a defined culture medium. Lyophilized culture medium from each was then examined by electrophoresis to determine which forms of growth hormone were secreted by the explants. All three explants secreted principally the major form of growth hormone. One adenoma however secreted unusually large amounts of two slowly migrating forms which were in low concentration in the GH-containing granules of normal pituitaries. On the other hand the adenoma produced a much lower amount of a 20,000-dalton variant than was seen in normal pituitary glands. The other two adenomas did not secrete the relatively large amounts of the slowly migrating forms although the quantity of the 20,000-dalton form was less than the amount seen in the normal pituitary. There was no evidence of proteolytic alteration of the growth hormone during the culturing process. In companion experiments with rat pituitary glands the growth hormone did not undergo proteolytic degradation in the gland left in situ for 96 h at 5 degrees C. PMID- 7282270 TI - Intestinal motility. Its possible role in diarrhea. PMID- 7282268 TI - A possible role of arginase in the regulation of polyamine biosynthesis in the rat thyroid. AB - Effect of chronic methylthiouracil (MTU) treatment on the thyroid arginase activity and thyroidal concentration of arginine, ornithine and other amino acids was studied in the rat. The activity of thyroid arginase increased significantly at 15 days of MTU treatment and the elevated enzyme activity was reduced to normal by L-thyroxine (T4) injection. The thyroidal concentration of polyamines was increased by MTU and decreased by T4 with the exception of spermine. The thyroidal concentration of arginine and lysine, a substrate and an inhibitor for arginase respectively decreased significantly, while that of ornithine remained unchanged after MTU treatment. T4 injected to MTU-pretreated rats restored the decreased arginine concentration to normal. These results suggest that ornithine supply for polyamine biosynthesis is regulated by the level of both arginase and lysine in the thyroid. PMID- 7282271 TI - Role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in various diseases. PMID- 7282272 TI - [First evaluation of a patient with chronic diarrhoea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282273 TI - [The coprologic examination. Its interpretation in cases of chronic diarrhea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282275 TI - [The use of the 14C-glycocholate breath test in the detection of a microbial multiplication. Methodology and interpretation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282276 TI - [Chronic diarrhea. Symposium held on 17 and 18 October 1980]. PMID- 7282274 TI - [The contribution and limitations of the Schilling test in the evaluation of chronic diarrhoeas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282280 TI - Study I: A clinical evaluation of butorphanol tartrate (Stadol) in balanced anesthesia. PMID- 7282278 TI - [Control of the diagnosis and attitude towards a chronic diarrhoea of "undetermined" origin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282277 TI - [A study of the anorectal motricity: its value in chronic diarrhoea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282282 TI - Learning anesthesiology made less stressful by increasing teacher effectiveness. PMID- 7282281 TI - Study 2: the application of butorphanol tartrate in balanced anesthesia. PMID- 7282279 TI - [Ineffective granulopoiesis in pernicious anemia (author's transl)]. AB - The mechanism of neutropenia was studied in 6 patients with pernicious anemia. While the peripheral blood of these patients disclosed neutropenia, the number of myeloid committed stem cells in the bone marrow was increased when compared with values obtained from 15 patients with undisturbed granulopoiesis. In 2 of 3 patients investigated, the number of circulating stem cells was also elevated. In 2 patients the number of stem cells was monitored during treatment with vitamin B12: A rapid decline of stem cells was observed, which was followed by an increase in mature granulocytes. These studies demonstrate an expanded stem cell pool, which is associated with ineffective granulopoiesis. PMID- 7282283 TI - AANA journal course. The endocrine system. Preoperative evaluation and physical assessment of the patients. Part III-The endocrine system. AB - The endocrine system is primarily concerned with governing body processes. Abnormalities of this system can lead to wide-spread pathophysiological effects. Since patients with underlying endocrine disease are frequently encountered in the operating room, an understanding of the normal gland and its pathology is essential. Because these patients are at increased risk, the identification of these patients and optimum preoperative planning are imperative. PMID- 7282284 TI - Discovery and admissibility: the use of peer review reports before and during trial. PMID- 7282285 TI - The battle of the budget! PMID- 7282286 TI - Evidence for penetration of intraperitoneal horseradish peroxidase into vagal preganglionic neural elements. AB - Intraperitoneal horseradish peroxidase was found to penetrate directly into the vagal preganglionic neural elements. After intraperitoneal administration of horseradish peroxidase, the bilateral dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve was labelled retrogradely with the enzyme. Other regions of medulla oblongata and sacral spinal cord were free from labelling. The significance of these findings was considered in relation to studies of autonomic nerve supply of abdominal viscera using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 7282289 TI - Variations in the axon reaction in animals of different ages. A light microscopic study on the facial nucleus of the rat. AB - The retrograde nerve cell reaction was studied after crush lesion of the facial nerve in rats of different ages. Neuronal survival increased from 10% in newborn rats to 100% in adults. In 8- or 10-day-old animals axotomy caused central chromatolysis. nuclear eccentricity, folding of the nuclear membrane, and development of nuclear caps. Similar lesions in adult rats caused only minimal changes. In findings differ from those previously reported in hamsters (la Velle and La Velle, 1958a, b, 1959], where chromatolysis was most severe in adult animals. However, the neuronal survival followed the same age-related pattern in rats and hamsters. Thus, there are marked species differences in chromatolytic response after axotomy, but these decisive factor for neuronal recovery after axon injury in young animals. PMID- 7282287 TI - [Branchial arch development in the rat and mouse. II. The existence of branchial clefts]. AB - The development of the branchial arch region was examined at 6- to 12-hour intervals in mice embryos at the age of 9.5-11.5 days after conception [middle of embryonal day (ED) 10 to middle of ED 12] and in rat embryos at the age of 10.5 12.5 days after conception (middle of ED 11 to middle of ED 13) using SEM, serial semithin sections and wax plate reconstructions. The 4th branchial groove is always separated from the corresponding pharyngeal pouch by a broad layer of mesenchyme. At no time did we find a membrana obturans in this region. However, during development of the mesenchyme disappears between the branchial grooves and pharyngeal pouches of the first four arches, allowing external ectodermal epithelium to come into contact with the internal endodermal epithelium to form a membrana obturans. In its dorsal parts this membrane is formed by two layers of epithelium, in the ventral portion frequently it consists of only one layer of epithelium. It was not possible to determine whether the latter was derived from ectoderm or endoderm. Degeneration of cells in this ventral part of the membrane leads to openings which we consider to correspond to branchial clefts. The possibility of an artefactual genesis of these membrane ruptures is discussed. The "1st branchial cleft' appears in mice embryos 15 the age of 9.75 days (second of ED 10), the "2nd branchial cleft' appears first at the age of 10.5 days (middle of ED 11), and the "3rd branchial cleft' appears at the age of 11 days (end of ED 11). In the rat, the corresponding developmental stages are seen about 24 h later. Whereas the "lst and 3rd branchial clefts' are demonstrable during a period of maximally 12 h, the "2nd branchial cleft' is present during the developmental period of about 24-36 h. This protracted existence of the "2nd branchial cleft' is possibly related to the occurrence of lateral cervical fistulas and cysts in the region of the second branchial arch. PMID- 7282288 TI - Oil droplets in the chameleon (Chamaeleo chamaeleo) retina. AB - The cones of the chameleon retina have, in the scleral portion of their inner segment, an oil drop whose morphology is similar in all the photoreceptors possessing this droplet. The irregularities in the membrane surrounding the lipid matrix show close relationships with the surrounding mitochondria. PMID- 7282290 TI - Structures of the bovine vomeronasal complex and its relationships to the palate: tongue manipulation. AB - The rostral part of the bovine vomeronasal complex was examined to determine its relation structures of the palate which are compressed by the tongue during investigative sexual behavior. The rostral vomeronasal cartilage (VNC) is C shaped and contains the incisive duct (ID). The hilus of the cartilage is directed medially, approximately 0.5 cm dorsal to the palate. Just caudal to the origin of the vomeronasal duct, the VCN lies approximately 1 cm above the palate with a ventrally oriented hilus containing the ID. Further caudally, the hilus is directed laterally, toward the nasal cavity. Palatal mucosa occupies the intervomeronasal, cartilaginous area below the nasal septum and caudal to the incisive papilla. This mucosa and the ID appear to be compressed by the bull's everted tongue, forcing fluid samples into the vomeronasal system. PMID- 7282291 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the neurons of the spinal ganglia during aging in the rat]. AB - The chronology of the alterations impairing the cytology of the spinal ganglion neurons was analysed in 3- to 32-month-old male rats. A type neurons are impaired earlier and more severely than B neurons. Ageing alterations occur during two successive periods. During the first period, beginning at about 3 months, lipofuscin pigments gradually accumulate in the neurons. During the second period, beginning at about 24 months, various kinds of inclusions appear (granulofilamentous bodies, nematosomes,...); some of which could be originating from altered microtubules and/or filaments. At the same time, lipofuscin pigments are more heterogeneous. This period might be the onset of real senescence and of the gradual deterioration of the neuronal function. PMID- 7282293 TI - Transactions of the Society of Anatomists of Swiss Universities. 42nd Meeting, Fribourg, 21-22 November 1980. Abstracts. PMID- 7282292 TI - [Branchial arch development in the rat and mouse. I. Development of the sinus cervicalis and operculum]. AB - The development of the branchial arch region was studied in mouse embryos at the age of 10-13 days after conception [end of embryonal day (ED) 10 to end of ED 13] and in rat embryos at the age oa 1-14 days after conception (end of ED 11 to nd of ED 14) using SEM and serial semithin sections. Special attention was paid to the development of the cervical sinus and the branchial operculum. In both rodents, a typical operculum was not found. Instead, the caudal branchial arch region was remodeled by a rapid growth of the second branchial arch, the retrobranchial ridge and the epipericardial ridge, thus forming a progressively deeper grove in this region, the sinus cervicalis. The epithelium of the fourth and sixth branchial arches participated in the formation of the vagus placode, which in later stages was depressed into a grove dorsally and lost its connection with the surface. Finally, the second branchial arch and the cardiac bulge fused compressing the third branchial arch, the second and third branchial grooves and the aperture of the vagus placode. A typical vesicula cervicalis, lined by ectodermal epithelium and collecting the second, third and fourth branchial grooves and the glossopharyngeal and vagus placodes, was not found. However, single or multiple slit-like lumina may persist within the epithelial remnants of the second and third branchial grooves and the vagus placode. PMID- 7282294 TI - Quantitative determination of thromboxane synthesis in blood samples by video densitometry. PMID- 7282296 TI - Preparation and practical utilization of a highly active immobilized form of porcine kidney aminoacylase. PMID- 7282295 TI - A new method for the isolation of aminoacylase from mammalian kidneys. AB - Aminoacylase (E.C. 3.5.1.14) was isolated from the kidneys of different mammalian species (horse, cattle, rabbit and pig) by extracting the organ with water and subjecting the extract to heat treatment at 70 degrees C for 10 min, then, after having removed denatured proteins by fractionating those remaining in the solution by ammonium sulfate. The enzyme obtained in this way can either be used directly for practical purposes (e.g. preparation of immobilized aminoacylase) or further purified by chromatography. For the further purification of porcine kidney aminoacylase we applied a combination of ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. PMID- 7282298 TI - Calcium treatment of leg cramps in pregnancy. Effect on clinical symptoms and total serum and ionized serum calcium concentrations. AB - Up to 30 per cent of pregnant women suffer from leg cramps. The cause of these cramps is not known, but changes in calcium concentration have been suggested. Therefore 42 pregnant women with leg cramps were studied. No differences in total serum or ionized serum calcium concentrations were found as compared with a control group of pregnant women without leg cramps. Twenty-one patients were treated with 1 g calcium orally twice daily for 2 weeks and in this group good clinical improvement was achieved (p less than 0.001). The treatment increased the total serum calcium concentration from 2.25 mmol/l to 2.30 mmol/l but did not alter the ionized serum calcium concentration. Twenty-one untreated patients had the same frequency of cramps and showed no change in serum calcium concentrations throughout the investigation. PMID- 7282299 TI - Effect of salbutamol on the non-pregnant human uterus in vivo. A hysterometric study in dysmenorrheic women. AB - Uterine tonicity has been determined by means of hysterometry on the first day of menstruation in 5 women with severe primary dysmenorrhea. The effect of intravenous infusion of salbutamol in a dose of 10 microgram/min was evaluated. The results indicate that this beta 2-receptor stimulating agent is capable of eliciting a marked decrease in uterine tonicity in dysmenorrheic women. The diminished uterine tonicity was closely associated with pain relief. PMID- 7282297 TI - Changes in the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of skeletal muscle subjected to plaster cast immobilization. AB - The effect of immobilization for different periods (7, 14, 28 and 42 days) on the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of rabbit muscles with different functions was studied by measuring the total activity of LDH and MDH as well as the distribution of their isoenzymes. The results showed that on plaster casting the characteristic aerobic metabolism of m. soleus declined with a concomitant increase in glycolytic processes. In m. gastrocnemius the anaerobic metabolism of the muscle was relatively decreased on immobilization, but glycolysis remained the prevailing energy yielding process. On immobilization the metabolism of m. soleus and that of m. gastrocnemius approached each other. This may indicate a certain dedifferentiation of the muscle tissue. PMID- 7282300 TI - Preterm breech delivery. Early and late complications. AB - One hundred and ten singleton breech infants with a birth-weight less than 2 500 g have been delivered at Huddinge University Hospital during the years 1972-78. The cesarean section rate was 30.1 per cent. Vaginal and abdominal deliveries were compared with regard to perinatal mortality and asphyxial morbidity at birth. All infants born with reduced Apgar scores or traumatic birth injuries have been followed up. During a 6-year period 3 children born with low Apgar scores were found to have persistent sequelae. Two of these were considered to relate to the delivery. We conclude that cesarean section is of benefit for infants weighing 1 000-1 500 g. However, it is doubtful if abdominal delivery is of benefit for the fetus weighing 1 500-2 500 g. A high congenital anomaly rate (13.6 per cent) was found. PMID- 7282301 TI - Placenta previa and previous cesarean section. AB - In a retrospective analysis over the six year period, January, 1973 to December, 1978, the incidence of placenta previa in cases with previous cesarean section (C.S.) was found to be 3.9 per cent as compared to an overall incidence of 1.9 per cent (p less than 0.01). The risk of placenta previa was greater in the pregnancy immediately following the cesarean section. The incidence of a morbidy adherent placenta was also significantly higher in these cases. PMID- 7282302 TI - Plasma and red cell folate in newborn twins and their mothers in relation to gestational age. AB - Plasma and red blood cell folate concentrations (Lactobacillus casei activity) have been studied in 56 newborn twins and in 26 of their mothers, and in a control group consisting of 186 singletons and 155 of their mothers. The duration of the pregnancies ranged from 30-40 weeks. Iron, but no folic acid supplementation was given during pregnancy. The plasma and red cell folate concentrations in the twin mothers were at all stages of pregnancy similar to those observed in women with single pregnancies having an adequate folate intake. The twins had plasma folate concentrations similar to singletons at all gestational ages. Their red cell folate concentrations were lower than in singletons until 37 weeks of gestation, while the values were similar at term, indicating an increased transfer of folate to the twins during the last week of pregnancy. The smaller of the twins had similar plasma folate concentrations and lower red cell folate concentrations compared to the bigger one. At 30-32 weeks of pregnancy twin mothers had lower Hb, RBC and VPRC-values than women with single pregnancies. Twin mothers, delivering at 38-40 weeks of pregnancy, had values corresponding to those of single pregnancy women, probably indicating a recovery from a physiological lowering of the blood values. The twins had a similar Hb, lower RBC and higher MCV and reticulocyte values compared to singletons, possibly indicating a more active erythropoiesis in the twins. Folic acid supplementation is not recommended as a routine in twin pregnancies in this population. Twins delivered before term should be ensured an adequate folate intake. PMID- 7282303 TI - Endometrial stroma sarcoma. AB - Two cases of endometrial stromal sarcomal are reported with a description of the clinical features. The histological characteristics are reviewed, especially the differences between endometrial stromal sarcomas and stromatosis endometrii. The treatment and prognosis are mentioned. PMID- 7282304 TI - Radioimmunoassay of human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit as an early diagnostic test in ectopic pregnancy. AB - Serum HCG-beta has been assayed in 100 cases of ectopic pregnancy. Results above 10 IU/l were considered positive. Positive values were found in 97 cases, of which 23 were within the range of a normal pregnancy, one was above and 73 below the normal range. In the 3 cases with a negative HCG-beta value, devitalized ectopic pregnancies were found at operation. The routine urine pregnancy test was negative in 53, positive in 29 and not performed in 18 cases. PMID- 7282305 TI - Comparison between two radiographic contrast media for hysterosalpingography. AB - Two water-soluble contrast media for hysterosalpingography--one with high viscosity (Perjodal H viscous) and one with low viscosity (Isopaque Amine) were compared with special reference to the development of pain in 61 patients. Patients examined with Isopaque Amine experienced significantly less pain and this contrast medium therefore is suggested as a suitable agent for hysterosalpingography in the investigation of sterility. PMID- 7282307 TI - Cyproterone acetate in the treatment of hirsutism. AB - Cyproterone acetate (100 mg daily on the 5th-14th days of the normal cycle) together with ethinyl estradiol (0.05 mg daily on the 5th-25th days) was used for the treatment of hirsutism in 23 women for six months. This treatment caused a significant decrease in the severity of the hirsutism after only three months, the effect being maximal after six months. Sixty per cent of our patients reported being subjectively satisfied with the results. A relapse occurred, however, within three months of the end of the treatment in half the patients. The serum testosterone was significantly decreased after three months of treatment, but the changes in serum testosterone did not follow the changes in the clinical picture of hirsutism, suggesting that one facet in the favorable action of cyproterone acetate is an inhibition of the action of androgen on target cells. Various side effects, such as nausea, headache, loss of libido and depression, were reported very frequently, which undoubtedly limits the large scale use of this treatment, at least with the doses used in this study. PMID- 7282306 TI - Uterine anomalies in diethylstilbestrol-exposed women with fertility disorders. AB - Uterine anomalies were demonstrated by hysterosalpingography (HSG) in 4 of 5 diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposed young women with fertility disturbances. The anomalies included malformed uterine cavities and cervical incompetence. It is suggested that HSG in DES exposed women with fertility disturbances be performed early in the process of infertility investigation and cerclage should be considered when uterine anomalies are demonstrated. Tubal pregnancy should be ruled out by ultrasonography early during pregnancy in DES-exposed women. PMID- 7282308 TI - Effects of natural estrogen/gestagen and thiazide on coronary risk factors in normal postmenopausal women. A 2-year double-blind placebo study. AB - A 2-year double-blind trial designed for studying the separate and combined effects of bendroflumethiazide (BFTZ) and cyclical administration of 17 beta estradiol + estriol/norethisterone (E/N) on coronary risk factors and bone mineral loss (reported elsewhere) was undertaken. Serum lipids, fasting blood glucose, body weight and blood pressure were measured every 3 months in 97 normal women in their early menopause. All participants received a supplement of 500 mg calcium and were randomized to one of the following treatment groups: 1) placebo (P) + P (n = 33); 2) P + E/N (n=21); 3) BFTZ + E/N (n=22); and 4) BFTZ + P (n=21). As compared with placebo BFTZ raised serum cholesterol by 6.0% (p less than 0.01), decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p less than 0.01) and reduced body weight (p less than 0.001). E/N decreased serum cholesterol by 9.8% (p less than 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure to the same extent as BFTZ (p less than 0.01), but left systolic blood pressure unchanged. Neither BFTZ nor E/N affected serum triglycerides or blood glucose significantly. During their combined use E/N easily overcame the hypercholesterolemic action of BFTZ, as serum cholesterol remained 6.5% and 12.5% below the mean values of the placebo and BFTZ group, respectively (p less than 0.001). The tendency of both BFTZ and E/N to raise serum triglycerides was added to cause a significant increase of 6.5% (p less than 0.01). No other additive effects were observed. In conclusion, the thiazide increased one (serum cholesterol) and decreased another (blood pressure) of the important coronary risk factors, whereas cyclical estrogen/ gestagen reduced both risk factors, also when given in combination with thiazide. PMID- 7282309 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy. AB - A 25-year-old women presented with a 9-week amenorrhea, lower abdominal pain and a positive pregnancy test. Ultrasonography disclosed an intact pregnancy in the interstitial portion of the right Fallopian tube. Surgical and pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis. The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is emphasized. PMID- 7282310 TI - Relation of estriol in saliva to serum estriol during normal pregnancy. AB - As saliva is an easily accessible biological material, compared with 24-hour urine and blood, the salivary concentration of estriol was studied from the 30th to the 41st week of gestation in 268 samples from 124 normal pregnancies. At the same time, venous blood samples were drawn and analyzed for total and unconjugated estriol. The mean values for the concentration of total estriol in saliva in the 30th and 41st weeks were 2.8 and 7.2 nmol/l respectively. The salivary estriol concentration appears to increase in perfect conformity with its serum concentration in the course of gestation. If estriol in saliva also reflects low serum values and an impaired function of the feto-placental unit, analyses of the saliva may be applicable as a screening procedure in high-risk pregnancies. PMID- 7282311 TI - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. AB - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is a rare disease characterized by the development of multiple subperitoneal leiomyomas, which are widespread in the peritoneal cavity. Of the previously reported LPD cases, nine patients were pregnant, two were on oral contraceptives and one had a granulosa-cell tumor. The thirteenth documented case is presented here (this patient had been on oral contraceptives for 13 years). Thus, hormonal factors might be involved in the pathogenesis of LPD. Controversy prevails as regards the cellular origin of LPD. The disorder has a grossly malignant appearance, but has a benign histology and a favorable prognosis; so a correct diagnosis is imperative. In almost all the previously reported LPD patients, hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo oophorectomy have been performed, but salpingo-oophorectomy is probably unnecessary, at least in premenopausal patients. PMID- 7282313 TI - Severe ovarian hemorrhage in congenital afibrinogenemia. AB - This is a case report of a patient with congenital afibrinogenemia and massive intra-abdominal bleeding from a ruptured corpus luteum cyst. None of the previously reported 100 cases mentioned obstetrical or gynecological complications associated with this rare entity. PMID- 7282312 TI - Induction of labor with oral prostaglandin E2 and buccal demoxytocin without amniotomy. AB - The results of labor induction without primary amniotomy in 132 primi-parae are presented. Prostaglandin E2 was given orally to 40 patients, 45 were treated buccally with demoxytocin and 47 were given a combination consisting of demoxytocin on the first day and prostaglandin E2 on the second day. All patients had Bishop scores less than 7. No significant difference in the efficiency of induction between the three types of treatment was detected. The delivery rates 48 hours after the start of treatment were 45.0 per cent, 37.8 per cent and 46.8 per cent respectively. The incidence of complications was not increased in the group which received the combined treatment. PMID- 7282314 TI - Giant mucocele of appendix falsely diagnosed as ovarian cyst. PMID- 7282315 TI - False positive ultrasonography diagnosis of molar pregnancy. PMID- 7282316 TI - Giant fibroid uterus complicating pregnancy. PMID- 7282318 TI - Differentiation of the osteochondrogenic cells of the periosteum in chondrotrophic environment. AB - The behaviour of the cells in free periosteal graft was studied in growing rabbits in three chondrotrophic recipient milieus: costal cartilage, ear cartilage and synovial fluid of the knee joint. The periosteal grafts first formed cartilage, which was then quite rapidly transformed into bone on the costal cartilage, quite slowly and in smaller amounts in the ear cartilage, whereas no bone was found in the cartilaginous loose bodies formed in the knee joint. In bone formation vascularization plays a major role, but other factors are also involved. PMID- 7282317 TI - Full-term deliveries after ligation of bilateral internal iliac arteries and infundibulopelvic ligaments. PMID- 7282319 TI - The plated femur: relationships between the changes in bone stresses and bone loss. AB - Calculations were made of the alterations in the in vivo cyclic bone stresses due to the application of various plates on the canine femoral shaft. The plate configurations analyzed were those used by previous investigators when studying the influence of plating on bone remodeling. The magnitude of the reduction in the loads borne by the bone tissue and the degree of shift in the bone stress neutral axis during the stance phase of gait was influenced by the geometry of the plate, the plate elastic modulus, and the location of plate application. From a correlation of the calculated alterations in bone stresses with the resulting measured changes in bone mass, it appears that bone remodeling is very sensitive to small changes in cyclic bone stresses. Changes in cyclic bone stresses of 1 MPa (less than 1 percent of the ultimate strength) can cause measurable differences in bone remodeling after a period of a few months. PMID- 7282320 TI - Use of the abbreviated injury scale in a hospital emergency room. Potential for research in accident epidemiology. AB - Trauma, which accounts for a substantial part of the morbidity and mortality in industrial nations, is a natural area of interest for orthopaedic surgeons. Trauma, and trauma prevention, can be conveniently studied in emergency rooms and casualty units which are often run by hospital orthopaedic departments. In order to identify the most serious types of accidents and assign priorities as regards preventive measures it is necessary to be able to determine in an objective way the severity of different types of trauma. The Abbreviated Injury Scale is a system developed in the United States for ranking the severity of specific trauma lesions. This paper discusses general issues relating to injury scaling and accident epidemiology research. PMID- 7282321 TI - A consecutive 7-year series of 1331 benign soft tissue tumours. Clinicopathologic data. Comparison with sarcomas. AB - A consecutive 7-year series of 1331 benign soft tissue tumors was analysed and compared with the data of 72 sarcomas diagnosed in the same period (April 1970 to April 1977). Lipoma was the most frequent benign tumour entity, accounting for almost half of the entire series. Different entities had different male to female ratios and preferred locations and, furthermore, differed from sarcomas in this regard. The factors which discriminated most in the clinical differential diagnosis benign vs. malignant were tumour size and location. At the first visit to the general practitioner or surgeon it is recommended that patients with large (greater than or equal to 50 mm) and/or deep seated tumours (beneath or fixed to superficial fasciae) or tumours obviously malignant for other reasons (invasion of nerves, vessels or bone) should be transferred, leaving their tumours untouched, to a centre for soft tissue sarcomas for further diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7282323 TI - Shoulder pain in industry: an epidemiological study on welders. AB - The occurrence of supraspinatus tendinitis in a group of welders at a shipyard was investigated, and compared with the occurrence of this condition in a group of office clerks. The study showed a prevalence ratio of 18 per cent in the welders, significantly higher than in the clerks. The average age (39 year) in the group with pain did not differ significantly from the average age in the entire group of welders. It is concluded that supraspinatus tendinitis is not exclusively an aging phenomenon, but that welding as an occupation plays an etiological role. PMID- 7282322 TI - Fracture-separation of the lower humeral epiphysis in young children. AB - Five fracture-separations of the lower humeral epiphysis, type II according to the Salter-Harris classification, are presented. The fracture line generally passes through the cartilaginous epiphysis, which does not show up in roentgenograms, and sometimes included a laterally based metaphyseal wedge. This injury is often misdiagnosed as it is mistaken for other injuries of the elbow, especially fracture of the lateral humeral condyle. The concomitant displacement of the radius and ulna in relations to the capitellar ossification center is the key to the diagnosis of fracture-separation of the lower humeral epiphysis. Good results are obtained with treatment by closed methods if this lesion is correctly diagnosed. PMID- 7282324 TI - Serum somatomedin A and non-dialyzable urinary hydroxyproline in girls with idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Serum somatomedin A was determined by radioreceptor assay in 31 girls with idiopathic scoliosis and 30 controls, with ages ranging from 9.7-16.2 years. In the material as a whole no significant difference could be found between scoliotics and controls. Similarly no differences were found in the girls under 13 years of age. However, in girls older than 13 years the controls had significantly higher somatomedin A levels than the scoliotics. In the second part of the study 26 girls with idiopathic scoliosis and 22 controls were examined with regard to the urinary excretion of non-dialyzable hydroxyproline,. which has been suggested to be correlated with collagen synthesis. The percentage non dialyzable fraction of the total hydroxyproline was found to be significantly higher in the control girls. The mean age was 12.8 years for both groups. The results suggest a higher growth rate in the controls than in the scoliotics for girls over 12 years. There is, however, no definite evidence as to the function of the somatomedins or of the relationship between non-dialyzable hydroxyproline and growth. PMID- 7282325 TI - A biomechanical study of the ligamentous stability of the thoracic spine in man. AB - An in vitro study was conducted to establish the thresholds of thoracic spine stability. Flexion or extension producing horizontal forces of 43 percent body weight were applied to fresh two-vertebrae spine specimens. Spine components were transected in two different sequences until failure. Load-displacement curves were measured. Intact spine exhibited average inter-vertebral horizontal translatory displacement of 1.0 mm (s.d. = 0.4) and sagittal plane rotation of 1.4 degrees (s.d. = 0.8). Just prior to failure these average displacements increased to 2.4 mm (s.d. = 1.4) and 4.1 degrees (s.d. = 1.7). A horizontal displacement of 2.5 mm (on lateral X-ray) or 5 degrees of angulation of one vertebra with respect to the other may indicate an unstable spine. This information, together with other clinical indicators of spine instability discussed here, will be helpful in the clinical judgment regarding an injured spine. PMID- 7282326 TI - Alterations in vertebral growth following prolonged plaster immobilisation. AB - Long-term immobilisation in serial plasters for scoliosis, including the period of the adolescent growth spurt, leads to an increase in height of the vertebral bodies and a decrease of their height to width ratio. These changes are at the expense of the disc which is reduced in thickness. This stimulating effect on the vertebral body growth is probably due to the changes in mechanical factors. PMID- 7282327 TI - 351 total hip replacements according to Charnley. A review of complications and function. AB - Three hundred and forty-two out of 351 consecutive Charnley total hip arthroplasties performed during a period of 5 years were reviewed once, and 233 of the non-infected hips, a second time on average 5 years postoperatively. The initially high infection rate--16 per cent-- was reduced by antibiotic prophylaxis. The systemic complications did not differ from those described by others. Non-infectious stem loosening was observed in almost 36 per cent, but only 3 per cent required revision. Three sockets (1 per cent) were loose. The relief of pain and the improvement in function were rewarding and, with the exception of some cases with stem loosening, did not deteriorate with time. PMID- 7282328 TI - Comparison of Muller total hip replacement with and without trochanteric osteotomy. Kinesiologic measurements of 82 cases 2 years after surgery. AB - Function of 37 patients with osteotomy of the greater trochanter during total hip replacement (41 hips) is compared to function of 38 patients (41 hips) without osteotomy. Subjective assessments and cane force measurements were slightly more favorable in the group without osteotomy. Objective measurement of hip motion, hip abductor and adductor muscle strength, weight distribution during standing, and multiple components of free-speed and fast walking showed no statistically significant differences between performance of the groups with and without osteotomy before surgery or 6 months or 2 years after. This suggests that osteotomy provides no functional advantages to the patient beyond those obtained in total hip replacements without osteotomy. PMID- 7282329 TI - Incarcerating mediopatellar synovial plica syndrome. AB - A series of patients with a long history of similar knee symptoms is described. In 79 cases a medial parapatellar fold of the synovial membrane was found. After removal of this fold, at follow-up, 66 patients were completely free of symptoms, 8 had minor complications, 1 was unchanged, 1 was worse, 2 had chronic synovitis and 1 patient admitted to a psychiatric department would not take part in the follow-up. PMID- 7282331 TI - [Round table on idiopathic femur head necrosis. Bruges, 24-26 May 1979]. PMID- 7282332 TI - [So-called idiopathic femur head necrosis]. PMID- 7282333 TI - [Known and presumed etiologies of so-called aseptic necrosis of the femur head]. PMID- 7282330 TI - Lateral ligament reconstruction of the ankle with a modified Watson-Jones operation. AB - A modified Watson-Jones technique, using only half of the peroneus brevis tendon, was applied as an operative procedure for lateral ankle instability. Twenty-nine patients with 30 operated ankles were examined with an average follow-up period of 7 years and 6 months. Functional stability was achieved in all but one of the operated ankles. In 15 cases there were periodic pains and swelling on activity, while the remaining 14 ankles were without symptoms. Supination of the foot was slightly decreased in 4 cases. PMID- 7282334 TI - [Pathologic anatomy of idiopathic aspect necrosis of the femur head]. PMID- 7282335 TI - [Aseptic necrosis of the femur head. Pathogenesis: the theory of circulation]. PMID- 7282336 TI - [Radiologic aspects of epiphyseal necrosis and pathogenetic implications]. PMID- 7282337 TI - [Arteriography in primary necrosis of the femur head]. PMID- 7282338 TI - [Primary osteonecrosis of the femur head. Clinical problems]. PMID- 7282340 TI - [Aseptic necrosis of the femur head. Preliminary remarks concerning staging: stage O]. PMID- 7282339 TI - [Bone scintigraphy in idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femur head]. PMID- 7282341 TI - [Aseptic necrosis of the femur head. Importance of bone biopsies]. PMID- 7282342 TI - [Attempt at revascularization of necrotizing femur head]. PMID- 7282343 TI - [Rotational 90 degrees Posterior osteotomy in the treatment of necrosis of the femur head]. PMID- 7282344 TI - [Rotational anterior osteotomy of the femur neck and head]. PMID- 7282345 TI - [The adjusted cup in primary necroses of the femur head]. PMID- 7282346 TI - [Management of idiopathic necrosis of the femur head using the adjusted cup with cylindrical support]. PMID- 7282348 TI - Congenital duodenal obstruction: a survey of mortality. AB - A review is presented of 31 neonates operated upon for various types of congenital duodenal obstruction during the ast twenty years. The detailed and overall mortality was analysed by dividing the material into a ten-year, and two five-year, periods. The mortality rate in the second five-year period (1972-1976) was found to be half that of the ten-year period (1956 to 1965). The operative technique (duodenoduodenostomy), the use of atraumatic silk sutures and transanastomic feeding tube are probably the most important factors leading to better survival. Most of the surviving patients have been followed up and have so far shown no complaints directly related to the operation. PMID- 7282347 TI - [Total prostheses in primary necrosis of the femur head]. PMID- 7282349 TI - [The bronze baby syndrome]. PMID- 7282350 TI - Detection of early onset neonatal hypocalcaemia in low birth weight infants by Q Tc and Q-oTc interval measurement. AB - In 26 infants born in the 28th to 34th (mean 32nd) week of gestation, with a weight ranging from 1130 to 1980 (mean 1560) g, the correlation between the plasma level of total calcium and the Q-Tc and Q-oTc ECG intervals was studied within 72 (mean 12.5) hours after birth. The Q-Tc interval correlated with the total calcium (r = -0.41, p less than or equal to 0.01) and so did the Q-oTc interval (r = 0.56, P less than or equal to 0.01). Sensitivity of the detection of hypocalcaemia when using the Q-Tc interval sensitivity was 77% and specificity 94.4%. After administration of calcium to five infants suffering from an early form of symptomatic hypocalcaemia, a shortening of the corrected intervals occurred in four cases, while in one a paradoxical prolongation ensued. The changes were not seen on the display. The use of Q-oTc is suitable for the screening of early hypocalcaemia in low birth weight infants and it allows a timely initiation of therapy without delay. PMID- 7282351 TI - Birth prevalence of congenital cardiovascular malformations in Hungary. AB - In a certain area of Szolnok county, 5,978 live births occurring in the period 1963-1965 were studied by the optimal epidemiological model. Of the study population, 5,433 children (91%), were identified. It was completed by 211 children, thus the total material involved 5,644 cases, and 67 congenital cardiovascular malformations were detected among them. Seven, being part of multiple congenital abnormalities, were excluded. Thus the birth prevalence of congenital cardiovascular malformations was 10.6 per 1000 live births. PMID- 7282352 TI - [HbA1c in juvenile diabetes]. PMID- 7282354 TI - Sickle-cell disease-clinical report on three genetic variants. PMID- 7282355 TI - Chronic organo-axial twisting of the stomach in infants born prematurely and affected by chronic respiratory disease. PMID- 7282353 TI - Defective opsonization in recurrent infections. Studies with a spectrophotometric method. PMID- 7282357 TI - Recording of upper and lower thoracic and abdominal respiratory movements in pre term neonates. An improved method. PMID- 7282358 TI - New chromosomal syndromes. III. The 13q deletion syndrome. PMID- 7282356 TI - Intraventricular and or intralumbar treatment of purulent meningitis in infants. PMID- 7282360 TI - European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 13th annual meeting, Capri, Italy, May 27-29, 1980. Abstracts. PMID- 7282361 TI - Cytopathological effect of partial cystectomy of rats. AB - The effect of partial cystectomy on induction of DNA synthesis in the urinary bladder epithelium was studied in a total of 147 male F344 rats. DNA synthesis started 12 hours after 75% or 50% resection of the bladder, and reached a maximum at 48 hours with a mean labelling index of 15.8% after 75% partial cystectomy and 13.8% after 50% partial cystectomy. In these two groups the proliferative activity of bladder epithelial cells returned to normal after 2 weeks and 1 week, respectively. Cytodifferentiation of epithelial cells, observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, remained normal during the regeneration process. PMID- 7282359 TI - Cartilage-hair hypoplasia. PMID- 7282362 TI - Lesions of the urinary bladder epithelium in 125 autopsy cases. AB - One hundred and twenty five autopsy cases of macroscopically normal-appearing bladders of both sexes were examined histologically. Proliferative lesions such as Brunn's nests and cystitis glandularis, and metaplastic lesions such as columnar or cuboidal metaplasia and squamous metaplasia were commonly found and were frequently associated with lymphocytic infiltration at all ages and in both sexes. Squamous metaplasia was more common in the female than the male. Sites of predilection for these lesions were the trigone and anterior wall except for columnar or cuboidal metaplasia and dysplasia which was distributed throughout the bladder. Since these lesions were commonly found at all ages in bladders not containing neoplasia, they cannot be regarded as premalignant lesions of the bladder. Dysplasia was detected in bladders even after the 8th decade. It is not known whether these lesions are the result of chronic irritation or neoplastic stimulus. PMID- 7282364 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of type I, II, III, and IV collagens in the lung. AB - Type specific rabbit antibodies to bovine type I, II, III, and IV (basement membrane) collagens showing no cross-reaction with other types of collagen were prepared by cross-adsorption and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography. The antibodies to bovine type I and III collagens showed a high cross-reaction with the corresponding human collagens, but those to type II and IV collagens did moderate and no cross-reactions with human type II and IV collagens, respectively. By using these antibodies, tissue distribution of various types of collagen in normal bovine lung was examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. both type I and III collagens were found to distribute widely in the interstitium of bronchial tree, bronchial lamina propria and of interlobules as well as alveolar nipples and adventitia of pulmonary arteries. Type II collagen was located only in bronchial cartilage. The tissues mainly stained for type III collagen were the alveolar interstitium (also stained faintly for type I collagen) and the intima and media of the arteries. Type IV collagen was located in a membranous fashion in alveolar septa and bronchial smooth muscles and subepithelial layers as well as capillaries and the intima and media of arteries. PMID- 7282363 TI - A morphological study of dissecting aneurysm of aorta in old individuals over 50 years of age. AB - The authors have investigated the pathogenesis of dissecting aneurysms morphologically in 49 cases over 50 years of age, using 93 cases of other diseases in the same age group as control cases. All cases were autopsied at the Tokyo-to Medical Examiner Office. The dissecting aneurysms were divided into two types: one type occurred chiefly at the ascending aorta where atherosclerosis was missing or slight, and the other type chiefly at the descending aorta with severe atherosclerosis of the intima. In the former type, intimal tears were recognized in all cases and microscopically in the neighboring area of the cleft of aortic wall vacuolous large cyst without accumulation of metachromatic ground substance. Near the cyst, elastic lamellae were destroyed and the vasa vasorum was generally thickened, and multiple dissecting hemorrhages were observed. In the latter type, even when the intimal tears were not obvious, microscope revealed crumbled atheroma and bleeding in the intima or bleeding within the atheroma. The dissecting bleeding continued from it. Moreover, since enlargement of heart was observed in most cases, hypertension was thought to be an important factor among the predisposing factors in the pathogenesis of dissecting bleeding of the aorta. PMID- 7282365 TI - Hodgkin's disease -- analysis of fifty-three autopsy cases. AB - Eight-eight autopsy cases originally diagnosed as Hodgkin's disease (HD) were reevaluated, and 53 cases were obtained as HD. Fifty three cases with HD were composed of 47 males and 7 females and 52 cases had an active disease. Frequencies of 4 subtypes such a lymphocytic predominant, mixed cellularity, lymphocytic depletion, and nodular sclerosis were found to be 24, 54, 14, and 6%, respectively at biopsy and 12, 38, 44, and 6%, respectively at autopsy, showing transition of subtype in HD. The manner of organ involvement, deviation of histologic figures between nodes and/or other organs, associated diseases including non-bacterial inflammation of lung, amyloidosis and secondary malignancy and differential diagnosis of HD from the confusing diseases observed in our series were described. PMID- 7282366 TI - Polymyositis and toxoplasmosis. AB - Extensive severe polymyositis in a patient with toxoplasmosis was presented. Toxoplasmosis was serologically substantiated by a serial two tube rise in a toxoplasma-antibody titer by a hemagglutination test. When appeared to be toxoplasma gondii was detected in areas of myositis. Toxoplasma gondii was found in a single small area of hepatic necrosis, but no other organ or tissue was involved. Thus, the present case was peculiar in respect that skeletal muscles were the major target of toxoplasmosis. A causal relationship between toxoplasmosis and polymyositis was discussed and the literatures were reviewed. Serological investigation and histopathological search for toxoplasma gondii should be done in every case of polymyositis not only for the appropriate therapy but also for the further elucidation of the relationship between toxoplasmosis and polymyositis. PMID- 7282367 TI - Multiple malignancies (squamous cell carcinoma and sarcoma) arising in a dermoid cyst of the ovary. AB - A case of multiple malignancies (squamous cell carcinoma and sarcoma) arising in an ovarian dermoid cyst of a 75-year-old woman is reported: this appears, to the best of our knowledge, to be the first well documented example of such a complex tumor. The two malignant components had a well-demarcated boundary except for at their junction, a feature more indicative of a collision tumor rather than carcinosarcoma of the ovary. The solid sarcomatous portion displayed a prominently myxoid and pleomorphic appearance with a focal whorling and storiform pattern, the features considered to be compatible with the myxoid varient of malignant fibrous histiocytoma recently defined by Weiss and Enzinger. The patient is alive and well 21 months after surgery. PMID- 7282368 TI - Crystalline inculsion in myxoid liposarcoma. AB - An electron-microscopic study of a myxoid liposarcoma is presented in which amorphous electron-dense material and crystalline inclusions in the granular endoplasmic reticulum were observed. These inclusions showed transversal striations and were associated with round electrodense bodies. The previous finding of similar structures in normal cells from vertebrates and plants without relationship to adipose tissue discards the direct association of these inclusions with this particular tumor and suggests a possible functional origin. PMID- 7282369 TI - Intrauterine candida infection in premature baby. AB - An autopsy case of pulmonary candidiasis occurring in an neonatal girl was reported. The mycological examination of the lung take at autopsy revealed only Candida albicans and followed by the elucidation under the microscopic sections prepared with special stains; periodic acid-Schiff and methenamine silver, in the lung, stomach, umbilical cord, and amnion. The presence of candida vaginitis in her mother supported the concept that Candida albicans was the etiological agent of the pulmonary candidiasis. PMID- 7282370 TI - Adamantinoma of the tibia -- a case report and a statistical review of reported cases. AB - A case of adamantinoma of the tibia is reported. A 70-year-old man complained of a painful swelling over the lower front of the right tibia. Roentgenograms showed an oval well-circumscribed, multilocular cystic lesion. Curettage and bond grafting were performed, and 17 months later the patient is in good condition. Microscopically the tumor tissue consisted mainly of epithelial islands with an palisading at the periphery and a loose reticular pattern in the center of the tumor cell nests, showing a close resemblance to the ameloblastoma of the jaw bones. Electron micrographs revealed the epithelial nature of the tumor cells, l.e., a continuous basal lamina, desmosomes and bundles of microfilaments, probable tonofilaments. One hundred fifty six cases of this peculiar primary skeletal bone tumor previously reported in the literature were reviewed and discussed. PMID- 7282371 TI - Interstitial fluid, lymph and oedema formation. AB - Venous and interstitial fluid pressure, protein content of blood plasma, leg lymph and interstitial fluid were estimated in anaesthetized normal dogs and rabbits as well as in dogs with chronic inferior v. cava constriction. In the tissue fluid collected by the perforated capsule and by the wick methods protein concentrations were the same. In the rabbit hindlegs subcutaneous tissue fluid and lymph protein concentrations were 50 and 45%, respectively of plasma protein concentration. In the dog tissue fluid, protein was 42.5% but lymph protein content was only 17% of plasma protein. Tissue fluid hydraulic pressure (intracapsular) was in normal dogs--5.0 +/- 1.3 mm Hg and it increased in cava constricted dogs to +0.8 +/- 0.4 mm Hg. In caval constriction, protein concentration in the interstitial fluid decreased markedly. A linear relationship was found in dogs and rabbits between tissue fluid and lymph protein concentration (r = 0.68 and 0.73, respectively). The relationship between venous and tissue fluid (intracapsular) pressures was non-linear. In dog hindlimbs the calculated isogravimetric capillary pressure was 7.8 mm Hg. In venous congestion both the increase of interstitial fluid hydraulic pressure, and the decrease of oncotic pressure ace as "oedema safety factors". In the rabbit 20 h after the intravenous injection of labelled albumin there was no significant difference between the specific radioactive albumin contents of plasma, leg lymph and tissue fluid. PMID- 7282372 TI - Effect of anti-rat-liver rabbit immune serum on the local circulatory reactions of the rat liver. AB - The effect of anti-rat-liver rabbit immune serum was studied on liver blood flow and on the reaction to vasoactive substances of the hepatic blood vessels. Male rats weighing 250 to 300 g were anaesthetized with pentobarbital. The femoral artery, the femoral vein and the portal vein were cannulated. Blood pressure was continuously registered in the femoral artery. A thin thermoelement was placed into the liver and in one of experimental groups into the kidney as well, in order to measure the local blood flow. On a single intravenous administration of immune serum, systemic blood pressure, and the local blood flow of the liver and kidney decreased significantly. The decrease was more marked in the kidney than in the liver. The circulatory response so obtained was general and it was not localized to the liver. Arterial blood pressure was unchanged after intravenous pretreatment with 0.5 ml/100 g of immune serum daily for 3 days, but the portal blood pressure decreased. The hepatic local vasoconstriction induced by vasopressin administered into the portal vein was less important than in the control group. The hepatic local circulatory response to noradrenaline and isoproterenol administered into the portal vein was similar in normal and immune serum treated animals. Although immune serum pretreatment caused histological changes in the hepatic blood vessels and reduced portal pressure, it did not affect the adrenergic regulation of hepatic local blood flow, but decreased the sensitivity to vasopressin. PMID- 7282373 TI - Plasma corticosterone, thyroxine and triiodothyronine level in the collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) during the reproductive cycle. AB - Male and female collared doves living in their natural environment, sexually inactive or in different stages of their reproductive cycle, were collected. Plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA), whereas the corticosterone (CRT) level was measured by competitive protein binding assay (CPBA). The plasma T3 level showed no change except in female hatching birds. The T4 content was constant in young and sexually inactive birds, while in male birds it increased in the spring in the courting period, and this tendency continued during the summer period. In male hatching birds the T4 level decreased but there was a second peak in the "lactation" period. In birds with enlarging ovaries the T4 level showed an increasing tendency; it was lower in birds with large ovaries, to reach a high value in the periovulation period. The T4 concentration decreased in hatching and "lactating" females and gradually reached the low level similar to that observed in the inactive (late autumn--winter) birds. The CRT level was higher in inactive male and female birds, than in young ones; it decreased in male birds at the beginning of the courting period but reached peak value during summer, and this was characteristic of the hatching and "lactating" birds too. The CRT concentration increased gradually in female birds with enlarging ovaries, then decreased significantly in doves with large ovaries. The CRT level increased sharply in the periovulation period than decreased in the hatching period to return to the low level characteristic of inactive birds in "lactating" birds. These changes reflect specific gonado-thyroid as well as gonado-adrenocortical relationships in the collared dove. PMID- 7282374 TI - Effect of progesterone on the post partum rat uterus. AB - The reactivity of the uterus to estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) has been examined in 44 post partum rats. Hormone treatment was initiated after surgical delivery at approximately 24 hours before the expected onset of labor in 10 animals and immediately after spontaneous labor in 34 rats. At the time of steroid treatment each animal was equipped with a pressure sensor for the sequential recording of intrauterine pressure (IUP) before and after the oxytocin test. Daily measurements during one week showed that post partum the IUP increases significantly in all animals not treated with P. The combined administration of E2 + P significantly reduces the maximum IUP (IUPm) if treatment is initiated approximately 24 hours before the spontaneous onset of labor. P treatment alone, initiated after spontaneous delivery, is ineffective, but it suppresses IUPm significantly if given in combination with E2 and during 3 days or longer. Apparently, shortly before and during labor the reactivity of the rat uterus to P changes markedly, a process which is inadequately understood. PMID- 7282375 TI - The effect of zinc ions (Zn2+) on the procoagulant activity of PMN leukocytes. AB - The effects of Zn2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ in vitro were studied on the procoagulant activity of peritoneal PMN leukocytes derived from endotoxin treated rabbits. The cells collected from the abdominal cavity were incubated in the presence of these divalent cations at 37 degrees in Hank's solution followed by determination of the clotting activity of their supernatants in citrate treated rabbit plasma. When the cells were incubated in the presence of 50 microM/l ZnCl2 the procoagulant activity of their supernatants decreased by 30%. Upon the application of 100 microM/l ZnCl2 a 50-60% increase in clotting time was observed. Zinc ions inhibited in a concentration dependent manner the release of procoagulant material from leukocytes. Neither of the other cations used as controls has influenced clotting time if assayed in a similar system. It has been established that zinc ions inhibited the liberation of tissue factor from endotoxin treated PMN leukocytes. The inhibitory effect was dose dependent and increased from 5 microM/l to 250 microM/l exponentially. The inhibitory effect of zinc ions on tissue factor liberation might be explained by membrane stabilization. PMID- 7282376 TI - Enzyme inducer effects after liver denervation in the rat. AB - The part of liver innervation was studied in the process of microsomal enzyme induction elicited by phenobarbital or muscular exercise. Enzyme induction was seen to develop: hexobarbital sleeping times became shorter after partial (vagotomy, coeliectomy) as well as total liver denervation in the rat. Though the present results did not preclude subtile differences, they demonstrated that the microsomal enzyme systems of the liver could be activated in the absence of innervation. Upper median laparatomy, which was used as a sham operation, had the strange effect of elongating the sleeping time. This observation is a warning of a changed rate of drug elimination after explorative laparatomy. PMID- 7282377 TI - The sleep of artificially reared newborn rats, effect of alpha-methyl-DOPA treatment on paradoxical sleep and on adult behaviour. AB - The development of paradoxical sleep was studied in newborn rats separated from their mothers immediately after birth and then fed artificially by an indwelling stomach tube. Development of PS in these animals was qualitatively similar but quantitatively it differed from that of animals remaining with their mother, the daily amount of PS being reduced. The PS depriving effect of alpha-methyl-dopa was studied after single and multiple doses. A 500 mg/kg dose daily led to a 75% continuous reduction. Rats remaining with their mother were injected with alpha methyl-dopa during the three postnatal weeks. Subsequent tests revealed an increased locomotor activity and a higher rate of acquisition but no disturbance in shuttle-box conditioning. The norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin content of the whole brain was not affected. PMID- 7282378 TI - Sodium and water transport in frog skin: effect of indomethacin. AB - The transepithelial transport of sodium, rubidium and water was studied in the frog skin in the presence of the cyclic endoperoxidase inhibitor indomethacin. Sodium transport was studied by measuring short circuit current and by 24Na radioactive isotope method; water transport was examined using the frog skin sac technique. Indomethacin produced the following changes. 1. The transepithelial potential difference and the intensity of short circuit current were decreased, while the resistance and conductance of the skin remained unaltered. 2. Passive transepithelial sodium transport from the inner to the outer side was enhanced. 3. Neither osmotic water transport nor passive rubidium transport were changed. CONCLUSIONS: a) Indomethacin causes a selective increase of sodium permeability in the frog skin; b) The present results are in agreement with the view that the indomethacin may influence the rate of sodium transport in some tissues. PMID- 7282379 TI - Specific features in the electrical and contractile activities of the gastro intestinal sphincters. AB - Muscle strips (2/20 mm) are isolated from cat gastro-intestinal sphincters (GIS): lower esophageal sphincter (LES), pyloric sphincter (PS), ileo-caecal sphincter (ICS) and from the fundus. The activity of the four fibres is recorded simultaneously under isometric conditions in a bath. In another series of experiments the electrical and contractile activity of GIS was traced by the sucrose gap method. LES manifests only tonic changes which are associated only with changes in the membrane potential (MP); PS - rhythmic spike-dependent phasic contractions, ICS - in one part of the preparations both tonic and phasic contractions. The tonic changes in LES and ICS are sensitive both to nitroprusside-Na (10-6M) and to Verapamil (10-6 to 5X10-6 M). GIS sensitivity to external Ca2+ is different: maximum contractions in LES and ICS occur at Ca=2.5 mM, in PS at Ca=1.5mM. Ba2+ and Sr2+ (at CA=0) increase the sensitivity of LES and ICS to polarizing currents. After several stimulations there appear spontaneous spike-dependent phasic contractions in LES. TEA (5 mM) induces spike dependent phasic contractions in LES and ICS. In PS the stimulating effect of TEA is manifested at very low concentrations (0.05-0.4 mM), while higher concentrations inhibit the electrical and contractile activity. PMID- 7282380 TI - Structure of the myenteric plexus in the sphincters of cat gastro-intestinal tract. V. Ultrastructure of the nerve cell bodies and dendrites. AB - A description is given of the nerve cell bodies and dendrites in the myenteric ganglia in the lower esophageal, pyloric and ileo-caecal sphincters of cats. The perikarya within one ganglion are differentiated depending on the position and predominance of one type of intracellular organelles or another. The question is raised whether these differences are a manifestation of the functional state, age characteristics or functional differentiation. The neurones in the myenteric plexus of the sphincters are characterized by the variety of dendrite branches, differing in shape and size. PMID- 7282381 TI - Responses for smooth-muscle strips from the ileo-caecal region to transmural electrical stimulation. AB - Under isometric conditions simultaneous recordings are made of the contractile activity of smooth-muscle strips (2/20 mm) isolated from the terminal ileum (T1), the ileo-caecal sphincter (ICS) and the caecum (C) of cats. Transmural electrical stimulation is applied (0.1-0.5 ms. 2-15 Hz at supramaximal current) for 20-60 s. ICS manifests tonic changes (1st type of activity) and sometimes phasic contractions (second type of activity); phasic contractions are recorded in T1 and C. Switching on of the stimulation causes relaxation (on-response) of ICS, with maximum values in the 5-9 Hz interval. Two types of off-response are observed when the stimulation is switched off: in the strips of the first type of off-response is characterized by tonic contraction only, while in the strips of the second type there is high-amplitude contraction followed by a rise in the tone on which phasic contractions are superimposed. Inhibition of the phasic contraction and a slight decrease of the tone characterize the on-response resembles that of the ICS strips of the second type. In the C strips there is an evoked high-amplitude phasic contraction when the stimulation is switched on. The responses of ICS, T1 and C to transmural electrical stimulation are nerve transmitted, because they are blocked by TTX (10-6 g/l). On the basis of the analysis with atropine (10-6 M), phentolamine (10-5M) and propranolol (10-5M) it is assumed that nonadrenergic inhibitory mechanisms are involved in the on response of ICS to transmural electrical stimulation, while predominantly cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms of regulation are manifested in the off response of ICS and in the responses of T1 and C. PMID- 7282382 TI - Effect of aligeron on the resistance of the cerebral and peripheral blood vessels. AB - The effect of the cinnarizine analogue Aligeron on the resistance of cerebral and peripheral blood vessels was studied in acute experiments on cats and dogs. The resistance of the cerebral vessels was determined directly and indirectly. For direct determination the method of autoperfusion was used. The resistance was calculated indirectly as a quotient of mean arterial blood pressure and internal carotid blood flow. For evaluation of Aligeron effect on the resistance of the peripheral blood vessels and method of autoperfusion of the femoral artery was used. Aligeron was administered i. v. and i. a. In some of the experiments the compound was applied on the background of previously injected dihydroergotamine. Cinnarizine and papaverine were used as reference compounds. The results show that Aligeron decreases considerably the cerebral and peripheral resistance vessels tone, and its effect is higher than those of cinnarizine. For the realization of this effect most probably its direct myotropic action plays the main role. The reduction of its effect after alpha-adrenergic blockade suggests an involvement of some adrenergic blocking properties in its mechanism of vascular action. PMID- 7282383 TI - Effects of a substance P-analogue on blood pressure and avoidance learning of rats with spontaneous hypertension. AB - A shortened and modified eledoisin-hexapeptide sequence (Lys-Phe-Ile-Gly-Leu MetNH2) was tested for their action on avoidance learning and blood pressure of rats with spontaneous hypertension (SH-rats) and intact Wistar rats. Both groups were 10, 14, and 26 weeks of age. Disorders of avoidance learning and elevation of blood pressure were likely to aggravate along with growing age of SH-rat. The used eledoisin-hexapeptide sequence is related to the essential C-terminal pentapeptide sequence of Substance P (SP). After injection of the used hexapeptide at doses of 250 microgram/kg intraperitoneally disorders in avoidance learning were completely eliminated from ten-week SH-rats or conditionally for SH rats aged 14 and 26 weeks. Elevated blood pressure in SH-rats aged 26 weeks was reduced by the hexapeptide from 220 Torr to approximately 190 Torr. Blood pressure in SH-rats aged 14 weeks, originally about 180 Torr, was almost unaffected by the hexapeptide. Blood pressure went up from about 150 Torr to 190 in ten-week-old Sh-rats. A hypothesis was made about the mode of action of Substance P and related peptides. PMID- 7282384 TI - Asymmetry of the visual evoked potentials of stimuli presented in different halves of the field and in the centre of the field. AB - Visual evoked potentials of nonverbal stimuli presented in the left or right visual fields, or verbal stimuli presented in the centre of the field, were studied in ten healthy right-handed subjects. The study comprised the following three series: isolated presentation of nonverbal stimuli - control study; combination of nonverbal and verbal stimuli; again isolated presentation of nonverbal stimuli. Brain evoked potentials (EP) are recorded in the occipital, associative areas of the two hemispheres and the vertex. Hemispheric differences were established in the EP of the nonverbal stimuli in the three series for the occipital regions. These differences were pronounced with respect to the latency and insignificant with respect to the amplitude. The late positive component had a shorter latency in the right hemisphere. No interhemispheric difference in the EP parameters were established for verbal stimuli, presented in the centre of the visual field. The functional interhemispheric asymmetry, assessed through the brain EP, is manifested in cases of isolated presentation of stimuli in the two halves of the visual field. PMID- 7282385 TI - Visual perception of movement patterns during smooth eye tracking. AB - A visual stimulus moving with constant velocity at a definite angle to the horizontal was presented during a 6.5% horizontal pursuit eye movement. The subjects were asked to report the direction of the stimulus movement under conditions of total darkness and on illuminated structured background. In both cases the subject's reports corresponded to the trajectory of the stimulus image on the retina rather than to the physical movement. In a second experiment the subjects were asked to localize the start and the end point of the stimulus motion on illuminated background. In this case the reports corresponded to the physical trajectory of the stimulus motion on the screen. The influence of the visual task on the perception of movement patterns during eye tracking is discussed. PMID- 7282386 TI - Effect of lower body negative pressure upon local regulation of blood flow in human subcutaneous tissue. AB - Local regulation of subcutaneous blood flow in the forearm was studied during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in 7 young healthy male subjects in supine position. Blood flow was measured on the forearm by the local 133Xe washout technique. LBNP of -40 and -60 mmHg induced a decrease in the 133Xe washout rate of 34 and 50% respectively. This response to LBNP could be blocked by proximal nervous blockade indicating that the vasoconstriction observed was due to a central sympathetic reflex mechanism. The vasoconstrictor response to increase in venous transmural pressure induced by lowering the arm (veno-arteriolar reflex mechanism) could not be demonstrated during 40 mmHg LBNP. The abolishment of this reflex is most likely due to centrally elicited increase in sympathetic activity as a normal veno-arteriolar reflex was elicited following proximal nervous blockade. PMID- 7282387 TI - Quantitative aspects of electrical and mechanical responses to anisosmolar solutions in the smooth muscle of the rat portal vein. AB - The electrical and mechanical activity of the rat portal vein were studied quantitatively under prolonged exposure to solutions in which osmolality was varied by changes in sucrose content. Reducing osmolality by 15 or 30 mosm/kg below the control value of 290 mosm/kg caused enhanced electrical and mechanical activity whereas hyperosmolality up to 390 mosm/kg led to inhibition as demonstrated earlier. These responses faded under prolonged exposure. In hypoosmolality integrated mechanical activity returned to control after about 10 15 min while spike activity remained somewhat increased. Prolonged hyperosmolality was associated with return of spike discharge towards control frequency whereas the integrated contractile force reverted from initial inhibition to levels above control after some 10-15 min. Therefore, the integrated force per spike was increased by prolonged hyperosmolality and decreased by hypoosmolality. Variation in osmolality had similar effects on the amplitude of K+ contractures. The time course of the osmotic responses are discussed in relation to the dynamic effects of passive stretch and shortening in the portal vein. The relation that may exist between "intropic" effects of osmolality and the contractures obtained in strongly hypertonic media is considered. PMID- 7282389 TI - Prestretch potentiation of human skeletal muscle during ballistic movement. AB - The conditions associated prior to and during the transition from prestretch to shortening may have considerable influence on the final performance of muscle. In the present study male subjects of good physical condition performed vertical jumps on the force-platform with and without preliminary counter movement. In the counter movement jump (CMJ) the amplitude of the knee bending, velocity of the prestretch and the force attained at end of prestretch were the primary parameters of interest. In addition the coupling time indicating the transition from the eccentric (prestretch) phase to the concentric phase was recorded from the angular displacement and reaction force curves. In the final calculation the mechanical performance parameters of CMJ were always compared with those of the jumps performed without counter movement. The results indicated in general first that CMJ enhanced the average concentric force and average mechanical power by 423 N (66%) and 1158 W (81%), respectively. This potentiation effect was the higher the higher was the force at end of prestretch (p less than 0.001). Similarly, the prestretch speed (p less than 0.001) and short coupling time (p less than 0.01) were associated with enhanced performance during the concentric phase. The average coupling time was 23 ms. The results are interpreted through changes in the prestretch conditions to modify the acto-myosin cross-bridge formation so that the storage and utilization of elastic energy is associated with high prestretch speed, high eccentric force and short coupling time. The role of the reflex potentiation is also suggested as additional enhancement of the final performance. PMID- 7282388 TI - Caecal decomposition of uric acid in captive and free ranging willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus lagopus). AB - Urine entering the caeca of birds contains significant amounts of uric acid. The discovery of great numbers of bacteria utilizing uric acid in the caeca has encouraged the discussion about nitrogen recycling in birds. In this work caecal decomposition of uric acid in wild and captive willow ptarmigan has been investigated using radioactively labelled uric acid injected directly into one of the caeca. The appearance of radioactive CO2 in the expired air was taken as an indication of uric acid breakdown. The decomposition occurred at a rate corresponding to a half-life of 26 min (11-36 min). The results are in accordance with the previously reported observations of huge numbers of uric acid utilizing bacteria in the caeca of a variety of birds, and also with the nitrogen recycling theory. However, no conclusion concerning the nitrogen recycling can be drawn. PMID- 7282390 TI - Flow resistance of the interlobular artery in the rat kidney. AB - The afferent and efferent arterioles are considered to be the most important resistance vessels within the renal vasculature, but there are indications that a pressure drop occurs along the interlobular artery. This pressure drop was investigated from two aspects: 1) In rat kidneys the "stop-flow pressure" in the efferent arterioles was measured with the micropuncture technique. At arterial pressures between 100 and 130 mmHg the stop-flow pressure did not exceed 85 mmHg, which means that the highest pressure at the end of the interlobular artery was 85 mmHg; 2) A mathematical model was constructed, assuming that the diameter of the interlobular artery decreased stepwise from 60 to 10 micrometers. The artery was divided into 20 segments, each segment containing one afferent arteriole. The flow in the afferent arterioles increased linearly from 100 nl . min-1 in the first segment to 130 nl . min-1 in the last segment. When the pressure in the first segment was 120 mmHg, it was calculated that the pressure in the last segment was 85 mmHg. These findings strengthen the theory that the interlobular artery may participate in the regulation of the intracortical blood flow in the rat kidney. We conclude that the afferent arteriole of the most superficial nephron is nearly maximally dilated and that the juxtamedullary nephron is able to either dilate or constrict its arteriole in normotensive and normohydrated rats. PMID- 7282391 TI - Acetylcarnitine as a contamination in the radiochemical assay of acetylcholine synthesis in salivary glands and urinary bladders. AB - It was previously shown that in a radiochemical assay using anion exchange resin the capacity to synthesize acetylcholine in salivary glands was markedly overestimated unless suitable controls were introduced. By the use of paper electrophoresis of the incubation mixture it is shown that the labelled acetyl group is not only transferred from acetyl-Coenzyme A to choline but also to carnitine in both salivary glands and urinary bladders. The two enzymes responsible for these processes, choline acetyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase, are shown to behave differently following denervation of the glands and bladders. Further, the adequacy of the introduced controls is demonstrated. PMID- 7282393 TI - Autoradiographic localization of 35-S-furosemide at different stages of its renal excretion. AB - The renal localization of 35-S-activity was studied by autoradiography at different times (1/2 min intervals) following the rapid injection of a bolus of 70 micrograms 35-S-furosemide into the renal portal system of hens. After removal, both kidneys were freeze-sectioned, freeze-dried and subjected either to apposition autoradiography according to Ullberg or to microautoradiography. There was extensive labelling over cortical areas of the ipsilateral kidney, in the periphery of lobuli, the site of proximal tubular cells. This labelling was maximal at 1 and insignificant already at 4 min post injection. At this time, however, there was a distinct patchy labelling corresponding to collecting ducts. At 7 min post-injection no specific labelling was found. The findings suggest that furosemide in the peritubular blood is accumulated in proximal tubules, rapidly transferred (tubular secretion) to their lumina and carried distally by the tubular fluid, subsequently resulting in high concentrations of the diuretic in the lumina of collecting ducts. Thus the findings are in keeping with the view that active tubular secretion of furosemide in the hen contributes significantly to a high luminal concentration of the drug in more distal parts of the tubules, the likely site of diuretic action. PMID- 7282392 TI - Neuronal and extraneuronal uptake of 3H-noradrenaline in rat portal vein in vitro. AB - Rat portal veins were incubated with 3 different concentrations of 3H-l noradrenaline (3H-l-NA) and the radioactive material retained in the tissue as well as that present in the postincubation medium was analyzed after a postincubation period in substrate-free medium. Inhibition of the neuronal amine uptake mechanism (by preincubation with LU 3-010) reduced the retention of radioactivity in the tissue more at low than at high substrate concentrations. At increasing substrate concentrations the relative role of the extraneuronal amine uptake was increased. Corticosterone and hydrocortisone reduced extraneuronal accumulation whereas betamethasone and methylprednisolone in the concentrations used were ineffective, indicating that the inhibition of extraneuronal uptake by the corticosteroids is unrelated to their glucocorticoid potency. When the composition of the retained radioactivity was analyzed, NA was found to be the major component of the retained radioactivity after inhibition of extraneuronal uptake, whereas tritiated catabolites were found to be the predominating constituent of the retained radioactivity after neuronal uptake inhibition. The possible role of inactivation of the adrenergic transmitter by the extraneuronal uptake mechanism in different situations is discussed. PMID- 7282394 TI - Effects of high oxygen tension on the metabolism of vasoactive hormones in isolated perfused rat lungs. AB - The effect of exposure of rats to high concentrations of oxygen (90-95%, normobaric) on the activation of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and on the inactivation of bradykinin, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in the pulmonary circulation of isolated perfused rat lungs was investigated. After 36 h exposure, PGE2 survival in the pulmonary circulation increased and reached 3 times the control value after 48 h exposure. A decrease in the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II was seen after 48 h exposure. No decrease in the inactivation of 5-hydroxytryptamine was seen until after 60 h exposure. At this time bradykinin inactivation was also decreased. The decrease in metabolism of angiotensin I and PGE2 following 48 h exposure to oxygen was reversed by a subsequent exposure to room air for 12 h. In these experiments, therefore, the earliest sign of oxygen toxicity was a decrease in PGE2 metabolism, a reaction associated with cells other than endothelial cells. PMID- 7282395 TI - Cerebral circulation in acute arterial hypertension--protective effects of sympathetic nervous activity. AB - The cervical sympathetic chain was stimulated electrically at 6 or 3 Hz on one side in anesthetized cats. Acute arterial hypertension was induced by ligation of the aorta. Evans blue was given as tracer for protein leakage. The regional blood flow in the brain was determined by using labelled microspheres. At high blood pressures there was a multifocal breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. The regions with breakdown had 10-20 times the normal flow rates. With a maintained hypertension regions which were overperfused at 5 min were still overperfused at 10 min, but there was little addition of new overperfused areas. Normalization of the pressure resulted in almost twice the normal flow rates in previously overperfused regions. The breakdown of the blood-brain barrier was restricted to the non-stimulated side, or more marked on that side. The protective effect of the sympathetic stimulation lasted more than 10 min. The results indicate that acute arterial hypertension tends to cause forced and long-lasting vasodilation in some areas in the brain but regions which are resistant to the acute rise have an increase in the vascular tone. Sympathetic activity helps in developing this tone. Normalization of the blood pressure results in partial recovery of the vascular tone in previously overperfused regions and normalization in other areas. PMID- 7282396 TI - Effects of diethyl-stilboestrol on contractile response and action potential of rabbit papillary muscle. AB - The effects of diethyl-stilboestrol (DES) were studied on isolated papillary muscles from rabbits (37 degrees C). The preparation was paced at a frequency of 0.67 Hz and the muscle length was adjusted to 95% of the length of optimum force production. Membrane potentials and the isometric force production were recorded. DES (10 microM) reduced peak isometric force by 44.5% (mean of 6 preparations) and maximum rate of force development was reduced to approximately the same degree. The time to peak force, the time from peak force to half relaxation and the action potential duration were not significantly affected by DES. The results are consistent with the idea that DES reduces the calcium influx during the cardiac action potential without significantly influencing the calcium reuptake during relaxation. The data are compared to the effects of DES on uterine and skeletal muscles and the differences in metabolism of activator calcium in different kinds of muscles are discussed. PMID- 7282398 TI - On the VIP-ergic innervation of the uterotubal junction. PMID- 7282397 TI - Local cerebral blood flow in the brain during bicuculline-induced seizures and the modulating influence of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure changes in local cerebral blood flow (1 CBF) during generalized seizures, and to study whether or not formation of prostaglandins or related substances contributes to the increased flow rates. Seizures were induced in ventilated rats maintained on 70% N2O and 30% O2 by the i.v. injection of the GABA receptor blocker bicuculline (1.2 mg . kg-1). Formation of prostaglandins was inhibited by the administration of the fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 mg . kg-1). Local CBF in 21 defined brain structures was measured autoradiographically with 14C-iodoantipyrine as the diffusible tracer. After 20 min of continuous seizure activity 1-CBF increased 1.5--5-fold, the smallest increases (less than 200% of control) being observed in frontal and auditory cortex and in the caudoputamen, and the largest (greater than 400% of control) in substantia nigra, thalamus, visual cortex, lateral geniculate and hypothalamus. In general, the largest increases in 1-CBF occurred in sensory and limbic systems (and hypothalamus) while motor systems showed a pronounced variability. In the majority of structures examined indomethacin failed to modify the CBF response during seizures. Although this result suggests that seizures, in contrast to hypercapnia, lead to an increased CBF by other mechanisms than those related to prostaglandin formation, some structures (nucleus ruber, cerebellum, and superior colliculus) showed a clearly reduced 1 CBF in indomethacin-treated animals. PMID- 7282399 TI - Rapid accumulation and axonal transport of "cholinergic vesicles" in rat sciatic nerve, studied by immunohistochemistry. PMID- 7282400 TI - Motor responses in the human trunk due to load perturbations. PMID- 7282401 TI - Albumin concentration and colloid osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid collected by wick technique from rat skeletal muscle. Evaluation of the method. AB - Interstitial fluid from rat skeletal muscle has been collected by multifilamentous nylon wicks. The wicks consisted of 5-600 single filaments and had an overall diameter of 1-2 mm. The wicks were implanted in the muscle by means of a mending needle. The wicks were removed at various times after implantation, and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) or albumin concentration in wick fluid was measured. The fluid contained in the wick had a COP of 8-10 mmHg and an albumin concentration about 1/3 that of plasma. COP in wicks preloaded with serum of serum/saline dilution was higher after 1/2 and 1 h of implantation, but was nearly identical to that of saline soaked wicks after 2 h implantation. Intravenous injection of labelled albumin showed that wick implantation caused a marked leakage of proteins from plasma to the wick. However, 1/2 to 1 h after implantation the leakage was markedly reduced. The initial leakage of albumin could be diminished with protease inhibitor (aprotinin), but not with prostaglandin-, serotonin-, or histamine antagonists. The experiments show that wick fluid colloid osmotic pressure reflects interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure, while the protein composition of wick fluid may not be identical to that of undisturbed interstitial fluid. PMID- 7282402 TI - Density of amine accumulating neurons in rabbit and guinea-pig retina. PMID- 7282403 TI - Plasma Na+-iron concentration or pH as regulator of pancreatic HCO-3 secretion. AB - Pancreatic HCO-3 secretion is caused by proton flux from pancreatic cells to interstitial fluid which, hypothetically, may be derived by a Na-pump or a proton pump. A Na-pump would reabsorb protons from pancreatic duct in proportion with plasma Na+ concentration (PNa+). A proton pump would cause passive HCO-3 flux into pancreatic ducts that would vary with pancreatic jice HCO-3 concentration (CHCO-3). Because pancreatic ducts are water-permeable, CHCO-3 varies with plasma osmolarity. This phenomenon allows testing of the two hypotheses. Intravenous infusion of hypotonic salt solution to 5 anesthetized, secretin infused pigs (2.7 C.U./kg b. wt. H-1) lowered PNa+ by 20 +/- 2 mmol/l and CHCO-3 by 20 +/- 4 mmol/l and increased pancreatic HCO-3 secretion by 71 +/- 5 mumol/min. Intravenous infusion of hypertonic salt solutions to 5 other pigs raised PNa+ by 52 +/- 3 mmol/l and CHCO-3 by 54 +/- 3 mmol/l and reduced HCO-3 secretion by 86 +/0 26 mumol/min. Isotonic glucose infusion lowered PNa+ by 27 +/- 2 mmol/l and did not change CHCO-3 nor HCO-3 secretion rate in 5 pigs. These findings comply with the proton pump hypothesis and are at variance with the Na-pump hypothesis of pancreatic HCO-3 secretion. PMID- 7282404 TI - Arterial baroreceptor reflex function during elevation on intracranial pressure. AB - The ability of the arterial baroreceptor reflex to buffer the blood pressure responses elicited by increasing the intracranial pressure (ICP) has been studied in chloralose anesthetized cats. Standardized elevations of ICP induced pressor responses of similar magnitude irrespective of whether the baroreceptor inhibitory activity was high or vey low. When ICP was elevated baroreceptor activation induced a reflex reduction of flow resistance and blood pressure, but never to the same levels obtained when ICP was normal. Thus when ICP was elevated there was an upward displacement of the curve relating carotid sinus pressure to mean arterial blood pressure. PMID- 7282405 TI - Noradrenaline release and uptake in isolated small dense cored vesicles from rat seminal ducts. AB - Noradrenaline (NA) release and uptake was investigated in an improved preparation of isolated small dense cored vesicles from rat seminal ducts. The vesicle preparation exhibited an Mg2+-ATP-dependent uptake of NA. Half maximal uptake after 20 min was seen at 22 muM. Exchangeability of NA between medium and vesicles was 100%. The kinetics of exchange suggested that mos NA is stored in a single pool. The t1/2 for release of NA was 43 min in the presence of Mg2+-ATP, as compared to 15 min in the absence of Mg2+-ATP. Addition of reserpine (20 muM) did not significantly alter the NA release. The kinetic properties of this preparation was compared to those of earlier reported noradrenergic vesicle preparations from different tissues. PMID- 7282407 TI - Interstitial fluid volume, colloid osmotic and hydrostatic pressures in rat skeletal muscle. Effect of venous stasis and muscle activity. AB - The effect of 24 h caval/iliac venous obstruction on interstitial fluid volume (IFV), hydrostatic (Pi) and colloid osmotic (COPi) pressure in hindlimb skeletal muscle was studied in three groups of rats: Group I (G I), Intact innervation, unrestricted motor activity. Group II (G II), Sympathectomized, unrestricted. Group III (G III), Motoric and sympathetic denervation + immobilization of the hindlimbs. Subcutaneous edema was present in all groups at femoral venous pressure (Pv) exceeding 13 mmHg. Skeletal muscle edema was seen in G III at Pv above 12 mmHg, in two rats in G II at Pv of 18 and 23 mmHg, but in no rats in GI. Without venous obstruction, control COPi was 8-10 mmHg in all groups. With increasing Pv, COP fell moderately in G I and G II: delta COPi/delta Pv = 0.22. In G III, COPi fell from a control of 8.2 to 3.5 mmHg at a Pv of 12 mmHg (delta COPi/delta Pv = 0.52), but remained constant with further rise in Pv. Pi was about 0 mmHg in controls and 1-2 mmHg in rats with muscle edema. IFV rose by 6% per mmHg increase in Pv in G III, and 2% in G I and G II. This expansion of IFV may explain about 70% of the fall in COPi, the remaining being due to lymphatic washout of interstitial proteins. It is concluded that normal muscle activity together with dilution and washout of interstitial proteins constitute the main edema preventing mechanisms in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7282406 TI - VIP nerve fibres around peripheral blood vessels. AB - By immunocytochemistry nerve fibres containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were demonstrated around many peripheral blood vessels in the cat. Such nerve fibres were particularly numerous around arteries in the upper respiratory, gastrointestinal and genito-urinary tracts. They were less numerous around large arteries and veins and seemed to be absent from the blood vessels in liver, spleen and kidney. VIP nerve fibres were few around blood vessels in skeletal muscle and absent in coronary arteries. Administration of VIP in vitro relaxed all arteries tested provided they had been given an increased tone, for instance by preincubation with PGF2 alpha. It is likely that VIP in vascular nerve fibres may participate in the regulation of systemic and local blood flow. PMID- 7282408 TI - Sympathetic denervation affects the choline acetyltransferase activity in decentralized parasympathetic neurones of the submaxillary gland of the rat. AB - Parasympathetic decentralization of the rat submaxillary gland caused the activity of the acetylcholine forming enzyme, choline acetyltransferase, to decrease. No such decrease in the enzyme activity was observed when parasympathetic decentralization was combined with sympathetic denervation and further, if the two types of operation were carried out in sequence the enzyme activity could be shown to increase from a reduced level. Thus in contrast to previous concept the present study shows that the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the postganglionic nerves can be influenced by sympathetic denervation in spite of the fact that these nerves are not in contact with the central nervous system. The choline acetyltransferase activity was not affected by preganglionic sympathetic denervation. PMID- 7282409 TI - Responses to catecholamines and nerve stimulation of the perfused rete tibiotarsale and associated blood vessels in the hind limb of the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). AB - The rete tibiotarsale, which is a functional arterio-venous heat exchanger, and its associated blood vessels were perfused in situ and the responses to epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and perivascular nerve stimulation (NS) were studied. The vasoconstrictor response of the arterial shunt, which bypasses the rete, was significantly greater than in adjacent segments of the same artery. The constrictor responses to E, NE, and NS were reversibly blocked by the alpha blocker phentolamine. The rete arteries were also capable of vasoconstriction, but during simultaneous perfusion of the arterial shunt and the rete arteries, stimulation with NE and E stopped perfusate flow in the shunt while the flow in the rete arteries increased. Segments of the large vein and rete veins were unresponsive to NE, E, and NS. The results support the previously reported morphological evidences for a sphincteric action of the shunt artery, but not of the shunt vein. PMID- 7282410 TI - Effect of isotonic volume expansion on proximal tubular reabsorption of Na and fluid in the developing rat kidney. AB - Young rats (aged 22-24 days) and adult rats (aged 40-42 days) were studied during hydropenia (HP) and during volume expansion (VE) in order to clarify the role of the proximal tubule of the immature kidney in the blunted natriuretic response seen in young mammals during VE. The position of the last accessible site for micropuncture of the proximal tubular segment was determined. The disadvantages of using lissamine green as a marker of different tubular segments were investigated. Tubular function was ascertained by micropuncture of superficial proximal nephrons. Measurements of tubular length were made from latex casts of the proximal tubule. No side-effects of lissamine green were detected, when small quantities were used (20-30 microliter) and at least 20 min elapsed between the infusions of the dye and tubular samplings. The last accessible proximal tubule available for micropuncture was found to be similarly located in young and adult rats. Fractional reabsorption during HP remained constant during development. An equivalent degree of VE induced an increase in tubular load in both age groups, but it was more marked among younger rats. Absolute proximal reabsorption in both young and old rats in HP paralleled that of the tubular load. Fractional reabsorption, however, decreased slightly during VE but to the same extent in both age groups. This indicates a great flexibility in the immature proximal tubular under various tubular loads although it had been thought that this part of the nephron was in the later stages of development. The results simply that the proximal tubule does not create the blunted sodium response in the immature kidney during VE. PMID- 7282411 TI - Eye movement related cellular activity in the visual cortex of the cat. PMID- 7282412 TI - [Clinical psychoneuroendocrinology: a reality (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282413 TI - [On the quantification of emotional stress (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282415 TI - Effects of althesin in psychotherapy of schizophrenics. Preliminary report. AB - Althesin infusions in subhypnotic dosage were given as a possible supportive agent during psychotherapy sessions in 6 chronic schizophrenics nonresponsive to neuroleptics and hardly amenable to psychotherapy. Speech content analysis (Gottschalk-Gleser method) of the therapy sessions of 2 patients gave the impression that there was lower hostility during Althesin sessions whereas anxiety was less influenced. The scoring from 2 patients in a self-rating scale on the state of wellbeing supported in impression of a beneficial effect of Althesin. Negative feelings were decreased and patients appeared to be more assertive. PMID- 7282414 TI - [Therapeutic trials in schizophrenia with dialysis. State of the art and one case study (author's transl)]. AB - The literature reveals 184 cases of chronic schizophrenia treated with dialysis, of which 51 with a good result. Success seems more frequent in women. Methodologies are often not well controlled, with poor clinical description. No confirmation of endorphin secretion can be found. However, positive results in some centers should stimulate more researches. Retrospective studies of available cases should be done to determine characteristics of responders. We have elaborated a questionnaire to select such responder patients and design controlled or cross-over studies. A placebo effect is possible in light of the magic and suggestive impact of such procedure. A mean aged 27 years, delusional for 9 years despite high doses of neuroleptics, was not helped by dialysis. PMID- 7282418 TI - [Evidence of different psychological profiles in sexual impotence (author's transl)]. AB - The homogeneity of personality in patients suffering from psychogenic impotency has never been tested. In order 1. to test the homogeneity of the population and 2. to delineate putative prognostic scores, the authors have applied inverse factorial analysis to MMPI and Rorschach performed in a group of 100 patient suffering from "psychogenic impotence". The results obtained evidenced an heterogeneity in the group, subgroups may differ as far as prognostic is concerned. PMID- 7282417 TI - [Two-dimensional immuno-electrophoresis of cephalospinal fluid proteins wih a study of the IgG/albumin ratio in psychiatry (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study (about 187 adult psychiatric patients) is to investigate correlations between "organic brain syndrome" (vascular or abiotrophic) and values of CSF proteins (technique of two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis). The authors show positive correlations between 'vascular' brain syndrome and increase of one alpha 2 globulin, between 'abiotrophic' brain syndrome and decrease in all globulins, the importance of brain damage and increase of IgG/albumin ratio. PMID- 7282416 TI - Low prolactin levels in cerebrospinal fluid: an after effect of lobotomy in chronic schizophrenia. AB - In order to elucidate the interplay of prolactin and dopamine in schizophrenia, base-line levels of prolactin were assayed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of chronic schizophrenic patients with or without lobotomy. Cental and cortical atrophy and significantly lowered CSF prolactin levels were found in lobotomized patients in comparison to equally neuroleptic-treated non-lobotomized patients. The mean CSF prolactin level in the female patients was significantly higher than in the male patients. This study did not support the 'dopamine hypothesis' of schizophrenia, since CSF prolactin levels did not correlate with schizophrenic symptoms. The brain atrophy blocked completely the expected elevation of CSF prolactin levels induced by neuroleptics. PMID- 7282420 TI - [Correspondence analysis as a method to verify the linearity of each item of the Zerssen's mood scale BfS-BfS' (author's transl)]. PMID- 7282421 TI - [Description and comparison of two revised classifications of mental disorders: the ICD-9 and the DSM-III (author's transl)]. AB - The ninth revision of the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) has come into effect on January 1, 1979. A fully-compatible German adaptation of its psychiatric part and a pseudo-compatible American one, the DSM-III, have been published in 1980. There exists a French translation of ICD-9 by the WHO, but no real adaptation to French-speaking psychiatry. Improvements of the psychiatric section of ICD-9 over the previous revision are described: incorporated glossary, priority to semeiology, additional codes for etiology, increased number of categories of depression (distinction between unipolar vs. bipolar, distinction between stress vs. adjustment reactions etc.), drug dependence and child psychiatry. For the first time, a classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps is added to the ICD. The author explains major divergences between ICD-9 and French psychiatry e.g. dementias under Psychoses, non-psychotic endogenous depressions under Affective Psychoses. He thereby justifies his few modifications to ICD-9 with respect to terminology and fifth-digit coding. PMID- 7282422 TI - Electrolysis and surgery in experimental tumours in the rat. AB - An experimental tumor (DMH W49) was inoculated subcutaneously in rats and treated by either electrolysis or surgery. The efficiency of these treatments was approximately the same. There was no evidence that electrolytic treatment led to the production of humoral antibodies against the tumour. PMID- 7282419 TI - [Gestalt therapy, extension of psychoanalysis (author's transl)]. AB - Gestalt therapy extends considerably psychoanalysis. 1. Transfer in psychoanalysis allows to work on the disturbed relations which the patient transfers onto his analyst, relations created by the parents and repeated now. The extended transfer in a therapeutic group of life allows to work on the fact that the patient recreates here and now the difficulties he encounters in life. 2. The game of the analyst and the encounter show that beyond transfer and projection, a real encounter may take place, a precious means to create life here and now. 3. The difference between individual therapy and group-therapy is about this: the former is centered on illness, the latter on life; the former helps to understand, the latter to live; the individual talks about facts from the past and from elsewhere and the group lives "here and now", which allows to test feelings, a powerful source of life. 4. A session of group-therapy, as developed here, allows to see how one can find a response to a need or avoid to find a response to it. 5. A comparison-table between psycho-analysis and gestalt shows the difference of method, diagnosis, therapeutic process, therapeutist's attitude and of the position of the patient. 6. Psycho-analysis is perhaps a relay after religion? Several elements make us believe this: tension in contacts, ritual, authority, protection, neutrality, guilty making. 7. To contest or contest one self has helped me to compare the contester with the psycho-analyst: both contest society, but they don't change their behavior. The gestalt-therapeutist is in a way like a hippie: though contesting society, he brings a change to his way of life, while being closer to life. PMID- 7282424 TI - Doppler evaluation of blood flow in therapeutic arteriovenous fistulas. AB - The flow velocity in 77 patent arteriovenous fistulas was measured with a 5 MHz continuous wave directional Doppler (Parks 906). Ultrasound measurement of the diameter of the brachial artery feeding 56 of the fistulas were at the same time making possible measurements of the flow volume. Comparison between 5 MHz and 10 MHz Doppler demonstrated about 10 per cent lower flow values with the latter equipment. A normal range of flow velocity values (30--70 cm/s) in patent arteriovenous fistulas is suggested. PMID- 7282423 TI - Evaluation of the anode and cathode for transcatheter electrocoagulation. AB - The effect of changing the size and position of the anode and cathode during direct current Transcatheter Electrocoagulation (TCEC) was evaluated in dogs. The results showed that there was no difference in the time required for vessel occlusion when the size and position of the electrodes were changed. However, there were differences noted in the amount of voltage needed to maintain the constant current. Based on these results, for TCEC we recommend positioning the largest possible guidewire anode against the vessel wall. The cathode should be a highly lubricated sponge covered Bovie ground plate. PMID- 7282426 TI - Lymphomatous involvement of intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ducts. PTC and ERCP findings. AB - The intra- and extrahepatic biliary ducts were examined by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in 10 patients with malignant lymphoma and suggested hepatic involvement. Different radiologic appearances of the biliary tract are described, related to lymphomatous involvement of the liver or extrahepatic tissues, and compared with laparoscopic findings and final diagnosis. The results demonstrate the accuracy of cholangiography by PTC and ERCP and its usefulness in patients in whom non invasive techniques fail to provide a reliable diagnosis. PMID- 7282427 TI - Gallbladder emptying with ceruletide in oral cholecystography. AB - In a consecutive series of 148 patients the gallbladder emptying in oral cholecystography was investigated after administration of ceruletide given in doses of 0.3 microgram/kg body weight intramuscularly and 0.03 and 0.05 microgram/kg intravenously. No essential side effects occurred. The effect of ceruletide seems to be on a par with that of cholecystokinin. A dose of 0.3 microgram/kg was found to be sufficient to assess the gallbladder emptying, but then in a few instances the emptying is delayed--up to one hour. The bile ducts are best demonstrated after intravenous administration of 0.05 microgram/kg. PMID- 7282425 TI - Hypotonic duodenography and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. AB - Hypotonic duodenography and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography were performed in 45 non-icteric patients with suggested pancreatic disease or long-standing upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The accuracy of each method in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease was compared. Hypotonic duodenography revealed pancreatitis in 48 per cent and ERP in 83 per cent of the cases. All 6 pancreatic tumours were detected at ERP and 3 at duodenography. The role of hypotonic duodenography and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease is discussed. PMID- 7282429 TI - Course of the inferior vena cava on lateral films exposed in different positions. AB - The distance from the posterior border of the inferior vena cava to the anterior vertebral margin was measured in 100 presumably normal patients in the supine position. Seventeen of these were also examined in the right and left lateral positions and the changes in course of the vena cava compared with the supine position. PMID- 7282428 TI - Colonic mucin secretion related to non-contractile motility in the dog. AB - In 8 dogs a colonic pouch with fistula was surgically created. Mucin secretion was measured by washing mucus out of the pouch and then, after a number of chemical steps, by determining the turbidity with spectrophotometry. The movement of tantalum particles insufflated into the canine rectum during periods of absence of contractions was correlated with mucus secretion in the pouch. Correlations were made after parenteral injection of secretin which increased movement of tantalum particles and production of mucin, and after injection of glucagon, which stopped movement of the particles and decreased mucin secretion in the pouch. Movement of tantalum was also observed when the particles were insufflated into the canine rectum on top of an applied layer of water-soluble jelly. PMID- 7282431 TI - Axial projection of the humeroscapular joint. PMID- 7282430 TI - Comparison between three radiographic techniques for examination of the temporomandibular joints in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Comparison between orthopantomography, conventional radiography and lateral tomography for diagnosing arthritic lesions in the temporomandibular joints of 42 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis showed that each method seems to have diagnostic limitations. Concordance values of about 70 per cent were obtained. Most often destructive lesions of both the mandibular head and the fossa were observed at tomography. Secondary arthrosis, particularly sclerosis of the fossa, was most often diagnosed at conventional radiography. A combination of radiographic techniques seems to be most reliable for diagnosing arthritic joint abnormalities in children. PMID- 7282434 TI - Meetings of the Netherlands' Association of Anatomists, 1980. Abstracts. PMID- 7282433 TI - Cell proliferation of the neuroepithelium in embryonic stages of induced spina bifida. AB - The generation cycle of day 10 1/4 rat embryo neuroepithelium was determined radioautographically and compared with prospective spina bifida aperta embryos of the same age. This early stage of presumptive myeloschisis was induced with trypan blue. No differences in the duration of the whole cell cycle and its different stages were found. The experiments reported here suggest that trypan blue treatment does not alter the proliferation kinetics of the neuroepithelial cells. This strengthens the hypothesis that the spina bifida aperta resulting from trypan blue treatment is primarily due to an abnormality in the unsegmented mesoderm underneath the neural wall. PMID- 7282432 TI - Right retrograde brachial cerebral angiography with simultaneous compression of the left carotid artery. AB - Right retrograde brachial angiography with simultaneous compression of the left common carotid artery was performed in 12 patients, invariably resulting in filling of the right vertebral and the basilar artery. In all but one patient, the right carotid artery and its branches were also filled. Retrograde filling of the left internal carotid artery occurred in 8 patients. Furthermore, retrograde filling of the intracranial part of the left vertebral artery was obtained in 5 of 12 patients. A complete four-vessel cranial angiography was thus obtained in one third of the patients. The method may be considered as a safe and valuable adjunct to other angiographic techniques. PMID- 7282435 TI - The structure of visual receptive fields of cat's pulvinar neurons. AB - Receptive fields of 382 neurons in the pulvinar were investigated. The observed receptive fields were classified according to the neurons? responses to stationary flashing light spots positioned in different parts of the receptive field. New receptive field types with multiple discharge centers were observed. Neurons with these receptive fields generally responded with multimodal discharges to moving visual stimuli. The background illumination resulted in a decrease of the number of on-off and off receptive fields whereas the number of the on receptive fields became higher. In a majority of cases the receptive fields with multiple discharge centers lost their responsivness during background illumination. The changes in the receptive field sizes measured, by light spot in dark and light adapted conditions were attributed mainly to scattered light. The sizes measured by black stimuli under the same conditions remained constant. PMID- 7282436 TI - Responses of cat's pulvinar neurons to moving visual stimuli. AB - Visually-driven pulvinar neurons were investigated by moving visual stimuli. Of a total of 256 observed neurons 25 percent were not sensitive to the movement of light spots, but revealed a vigorious activity during the movement of black objects. According to the response pattern elicited by the motion of objects through receptive fields, neurons were classified as follows: (a) directionally non-selective ? 41 percent, (b) directionally selective ? 28 percent, (c) multimodal ? 29 percent, (d) suppressed-by-contrast type ? 2 percent. Background illumination exerts different types of influences on the movement-evoked spike responses in the pulvinar neurons. Eighteen percent of the neurons were not affected by background illumination. Eight percent of the neurons were transformed from directionally non-selective into the directionally selective ones, some of which reversed their preferred directions during background illumination (5 percent). Activity of 15 percent of the neurons was facilitated and of 21 percent was suppressed during various levels of background illumination. Twenty three percent of the neurons lost their spike activity when the background illumination was switched on. PMID- 7282437 TI - Evoked potentials in the reticular formation during auditory conditioning of the corneal reflex in the chronic decerebrate rat. AB - The chronic decerebrate rat preparation was used to study electrical activity in the reticular formation during development of the classically conditioned eyeblink reflex to a tone. With persistent training a conditioned blink reflex was established in 8 out of 11 rats. A control group of four rats received unpaired presentations of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli and served as a control. Evoked potentials in response to the auditory conditioned stimulus were recorded in medullary and pontine reticular nuclei during conditioning. The amplitude of the main negative wave of the response showed a significant increase during the establishment of a conditioned response but the amplitude of potentials recorded from the medullary reticular formation showed no significant change. There was no change in the amplitude of potentials recorded in either the pontine or medullary reticular nuclei in the control "pseudoconditioning" group or in the three rats which underwent training but did not develop a conditioned response. It is concluded that structures within the pontine reticular formation play an active part in the acquisition phase of the conditioned blink reflex in the chronic decerebrate rat. PMID- 7282438 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation of the posterior cingulate cortex on acquisition of active avoidance response in cats. AB - Five groups of cats were studied in a two-way shuttle-box. Groups I, II and III were trained with electrical stimulation of the cingulate cortex applied simultaneously with the CS (light), Group IV with the light stimulus only, and Group V with electrical stimulation of the cingulate cortex as the CS. The comparison of the number of training sessions to attain a criterion showed that electrical stimulation of the posterior part of the cingulate cortex may facilitate the process of acquisition of the conditioned active avoidance response. The facilitatory effect was not accompanied by overt somatic and vegetative changes which suggests a direct participation of the stimulated area in the control of emotional-defensive behavior. It may be presumed that a faster acquisition of AAR was due to a better recognition of the events occurring in the environment and consequently to more rapid CS-US association. PMID- 7282439 TI - The role of contextual and sporadic stimuli in escape conditioning in dogs. AB - Instrumental escape bar-pressing responses were rapidly acquired in four male dogs and showed great resistance despite a long pause in experimental sessions. More intertrial responses were performed after short- than after long-latency escape responses. In the next stage of the experiment shock trials were discontinued and on the defensive context novel accoustical stimuli were introduced. The auditory stimuli provoked instrumental bar-press responses that were somewhat dependent on the intensity of stimuli. PMID- 7282440 TI - Hippocampal theta activity in the acute cerveau isole cat. AB - In three cerveau isole cats, cortical and hippocampal EEG activity were recorded. In the cortical records, spindles alternated with low-voltage activity, whereas theta activity dominated in the hippocampus. The amount and frequency of theta were similar to those described previously for the pretrigeminal cat. In confirmation of previous results on rats, although cortical EEG activity differs in cerveau isole cat and pretrigeminal cat, both preparations show domination of theta activity in the hippocampus. It is concluded that the mesencephalic transection eliminates inhibitory effects from the lower brainstem on generators of the theta rhythm. PMID- 7282441 TI - Reflex EMG activity in rats with lesions of medial amygdala. AB - Lesions effects of the medial amygdala on spinal reflexes were studied in 6 rats using chronic EMG recording and were not found influential. These results suggest that behavioral changes previously observed m such rats were not produced by sensory-motor disturbances. PMID- 7282442 TI - Simple method of preparation of precise varnish-insulated metal microelectrodes. AB - A new, quick and inexpensive method of precision varnishing of metal microelectrodes is proposed. The circle surface pellicle of dried lacquer produced around the tip promotes microelectrode preparation. PMID- 7282443 TI - Statistical survey of 276 cases of medulloblastoma (1935--1978). PMID- 7282444 TI - Treatment of medulloblastoma in children: long-term results following surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. AB - Forty-seven children with histologically confirmed medulloblastoma are considered. Forty-five cases were surgically by direct approach to the tumour, while two cases were treated only with a shunt. A shunt was inserted preoperatively in 14 cases, postoperatively in 4 cases. Surgical resection was total or subtotal in 52% of cases, partial in 35%, and limited to a biopsy in 13%. Radiation treatment to the entire neuraxis was done in 37 cases: 10 of these cases received additional chemotherapy--mostly with CCNU--as primary treatment for medulloblastoma. Ten patients died within 30 days after surgery. Twenty-two patients died months after treatment, mainly from tumour recurrence (19 cases). One patient was lost to follow-up. Thirteen patients are survivors from 10 months to 20 years after treatment. As a whole, the one year survival rate has been 67%, 3 year survival 43%, and 5 year survival 27%. Complications affecting prognosis have been presented by tumour recurrence and metastases. CSF shunting and lack of prophylactic irradiation to the cerebral hemispheres have been considered responsible for the high incidence of supratentorial metastases in our series. Factors influencing prognosis have been the extent of tumour resection and association of primary chemotherapy with radiotherapy. Within 3 years after surgery survival has been 52% in cases with total resection against 31% in cases with partial resection of tumour. As regards chemotherapy, 3 year survival has been 60% for patients with combined treatment (chemo- and radiotherapy) against 37% in patients with radiotherapy alone. It is concluded that the best results in children with medulloblastoma are achieved by a radical resection, associated with a combined primary treatment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. PMID- 7282446 TI - Intracranial saccular aneurysm unrelated to bifurcations. PMID- 7282445 TI - Bilateral aneurysms of the juxtasellar segment of the internal carotid artery. PMID- 7282448 TI - Anterior cervical discectomy without interbody fusion: an analysis of 81 cases. AB - An analysis of 81 patients subjected to anterior cervical discectomy without interbody fusion was made. In these, 62 operations were done with the aid of microscopic magnification. Nineteen were done without. The results appeared to be equally favourable. However, these comparable results should be interpreted in the light of patient selection. Only solitary soft discs were selected in the latter group. The concept of "tail" undoubtedly came into play in this group. In the other group, discs or spurs or both, including multiple level involvement with varying degrees of spinal stenosis, were candidates for such a procedure. The magnification provided the added dimensions of direct vision enabling the surgeon to see more and do more. The overall results are comparable to those done with interbody fusion. This fact, plus the relative simplicity and lack of complications, makes this procedure superior to that with fusion. PMID- 7282447 TI - Saccular aneurysm of infancy and early childhood: report of a case. AB - A case of intracranial saccular aneurysm with intracerebral haematoma occurring in early childhood and presenting with sudden loss of consciousness and right hemiparesis is reported. The aneurysm was located in the opercular portion of the left middle cerebral artery. Surgery, besides removing the intracerebral haematoma, involved clipping and complete removal of the aneurysmal sac. The child made an uneventful recovery, and he is completely safe after 40 months. Microscopic examination of the lesion shows disruption of the normal sequence of the original layers, with widespread inflammatory cells. PMID- 7282449 TI - Posterior approach in cervical spondylotic myeloradiculopathy. AB - Clinical and radiological data are reported concerning 44 patients suffering from cervical spondylotic myeloradiculopathy, and operated by the posterior approach; late results are evaluated. Type of onset, signs and symptoms are specified. Myeloradicular involvement was present in 52% of cases, medullary in 41%, radicular in 7%. Congenital stenosis was present in 68% of patients. Laminectomy was performed at 2-3 levels in 4 cases, at 4 levels in 10 cases, at 5 levels in 14, and extended to 6 or more levels in 16 patients. Posterior foraminotomy was performed 28 times. At follow-up evaluation (6 months to 8 years) results were "excellent good" in 46% of cases, "fair" in 34%, "unchanged" in 9%, and "worse" in 11%. First symptoms appeared more than 2 years before surgical treatment in 22 patients, between 2 years and 6 months in 15, and less than 6 months before in 7 patients. In this study a statistically significant inverse relation is demonstrated between: 1. results and duration of the disease, 2. results and gravity of motor deficits. PMID- 7282450 TI - Anterior decompression and fusion for thoracolumbar fractures with neurological deficits. AB - Anterior spinal decompression and fusion was used as the primary treatment for thoracolumbar fractures in eleven patients with neurological deficits. Each patient achieved stability by interbody fusion. Significant progressive kyphosis did not occur. No patients with a complete neurological deficit was improved by operation, but all eight patients with partial neurological deficits showed improved lower extremity motor function postoperatively. Bladder function improved in five of the eight patients with incomplete lesions. The authors recommend this operative approach for spinal stabilization and removal of anteriorly located bone or disc fragments causing progressing and stable partial neurological deficits, and find second-stage posterior fixation with Harrington rods unnecessary in the great majority of cases. PMID- 7282451 TI - Intercostal nerves to spinal nerve roots anastomosis (spinal cord bypass) and Harrington rod fusion in traumatic paraplegia--technical note. PMID- 7282452 TI - Proceedings of the 29th annual meeting of the Societa Italiana di Neurochirurgia, Rome, 20--22 November 1980. Abstracts. PMID- 7282453 TI - Determination of tranexamic acid (AMCA) and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in cerebrospinal fluid after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. AB - Six patients with recently ruptured intracranial aneurysms were treated preoperatively with tranexamic acid (AMCA). Two patients received 6 g daily in i.v. infusion, two had 6 g daily by i.v. injection, and two patients were given AMCA 9 g daily by mouth during the first week after bleeding. Serial assays of AMCA and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were performed during 6--13 days after the initial subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Judged from the decline in CSF-FDP, an assumed therapeutic level of greater than or equal to 1 mg/l of AMCA in CSF was reached within 24--36 hours after the first dose when the drug was administered intravenously and within 48 hours when the drug was given orally. PMID- 7282455 TI - Spinal angiolipoma. A case report. AB - A case report of a woman with spinal angiolipoma is presented, and it is stressed that spinal angiolipoma and spinal lipoma are two different clinicopathological entities which should be clearly distinguished. PMID- 7282454 TI - Spinal osteochondroma diagnosed by computed tomography. Report of two cases and review of literature. AB - This paper reports two cases of spinal osteochondroma, in which preoperative diagnosis was greatly facilitated by CT scan examination. Moreover, by giving a precise indication of tumour extent, as well as of its relationships with the adjacent structures, CT was of great value also with regard to surgical treatment. Personal experience with the present cases, as well as a review of pertinent literature, suggests that the following CT scan findings may be considered as typical of spinal osteochondroma: a) roundish, sharply-outlined mass; b) bone-like density, with scattered calcifications; c) paraspinal, dump bell, or eccentric intra-spinal location; d) osteosclerotic changes in neighbouring bone; e) lack of contrast enhancement. The value of CT scan examination in the diagnosis of vertebral tumours is stressed. PMID- 7282456 TI - Giant-cell glioblastoma of the thoracic cord. AB - A case of giant-cell glioblastoma occurring in the upper thoracic cord of a male aged 76 without evidence of intracranial lesion is reported. Partial tumour resection with decompression and radiotherapy did not improve the patient's neurological deficit. PMID- 7282458 TI - Needle fixing device for percutaneous needle trephination. AB - The author describes a device for the fixation of the needle, instead of plaster, in percutaneous needle trephination (PNT) for continuous measurement of ventricular ICP or for external ventricular drainage. PMID- 7282457 TI - Infection of a lumbar dermoid cyst by an anaerobic peptococcus. AB - A case is reported of a dermoid cyst with a dermal sinus in a young adult, presenting as a subdural empyema due to an anaerobic peptococcus. PMID- 7282459 TI - Direct visualization of intracranial tumours in stereotactic and angiographic films by computer calculation of longitudinal CT-sections: a new method for stereotactic localization of tumour outlines. AB - A new method for the direct transformation not only of a target point, but also of the whole tumour outlines from sagittal, coronal, and oblique computer calculated CT-reconstructions to stereotactic X-ray films of any scale is presented. The role of this method in the stereotactic therapy of intracranial tumours and the possibilities which are thus provided are discussed. PMID- 7282461 TI - Primary leptomeningeal melanoma with epipharyngeal invasion. AB - A case of primary leptomeningeal malignant melanoma in a 45-year-old woman is reported. The tumour was located at the basal aspect of the brain with a larger aggregation in the left parasellar and cerebello-pontine angle regions. The tumour showed not only spinal meningeal dissemination but also infiltration into the petrous bone and along the trigeminal nerve till it reached the submucosal tissue of epipharynx. There are a few reported cases of primary leptomeningeal melanoma which invaded areas outside the central nervous system. PMID- 7282460 TI - Radio- and chemotherapy of malignant gliomas. Pathological changes in the normal nervous tissue. AB - The pathological effects of radio- and chemotherapy on the normal nervous tissue have been studied in 42 brains with malignant gliomas. The brains have been examined by means of the complete study technique. In seven cases the picture of delayed radionecrosis has been found. Apart from this, many histological features have been related to post-operative survival, radiation dose, interval between radiation and death, chemotherapy, steroids, size and activity of the tumour. Some alterations, such as peritumoural necroses, macrophage areas, vessel wall degenerations etc. result from radiotherapy. The relations and pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 7282462 TI - Metastasis of carcinoma to meningioma and glioma. AB - A case of frontal meningioma harbouring a metastasis from a previously treated breast carcinoma, and a case of metastatic carcinoma into a frontal glioma are reported. PMID- 7282463 TI - Benign intracranial hypertension vs. intracranial arteriovenous malformation: a possible CT dilemma. AB - A nine-year-old boy, presenting only with signs of increased ICP, underwent computerized tomography. This examination demonstrated no abnormalities in the precontrast scan. Following C. E., it showed scattered areas of blood-like density in both hemispheres, as well as a presumedly abnormal vessel in the left occipital region and dilated vein of Galen, sinus rectus, and tentorial veins. The presumptive diagnosis of left occipital AVM was not confirmed by angiography, which also ruled out obstructions of the intracranial sinuses. The possible mechanism responsible for this atypical CT picture is briefly discussed in the light of pertinent literature. It is suggested that careful consideration should be given to the indications for angiography in similar cases, in the presence of a "hypervascular" aspect of the postcontrast CT scan, particularly if a considerable amount of contrast medium has been used. PMID- 7282464 TI - Significance of balloon catheter selective and superselective angiography in the diagnosis of cerebral vascular malformations. AB - The significance of superselective angiography in obtaining information concerning the haemodynamics of arteriovenous angiomas and certain saccular aneurysms in emphasized on the basis of evidence obtained in 17 cases. PMID- 7282465 TI - Angiographically occult arteriovenous malformation of the brain. A case report. AB - A case presenting with focal seizure, and with CT scan and histological evidence of arteriovenous malformation, but with a normal angiogram, is described. Relevant literature is reviewed, a caution is added in assuming total excision of an AVM based on postoperative angiography findings. PMID- 7282467 TI - Preliminary observations on the presence of neuronal lipofuscinic masses in "Aplysia limacina". PMID- 7282466 TI - Influence of SH- groups in the formation of neuronal lipofuscin in "Torpedo M.". PMID- 7282469 TI - Glycosaminoglycan and glycoprotein changes in subacute sclerosing leucoencephalitis. PMID- 7282468 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria and uroporphyrinogen I synthase. Biochemical study of a family. PMID- 7282470 TI - Circulating platelet aggregates in cerebrovascular diseases. Preliminary data. PMID- 7282471 TI - Species variation of alkaline phosphatase distribution in the telencephalon and diencephalon of hedgehog, mouse and bat. PMID- 7282472 TI - Parasagittal meningioma associated with metastasis by ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 7282473 TI - [Are computers useful in daily medical practice?]. PMID- 7282474 TI - [Surgical model of experimental renal revascularization]. PMID- 7282475 TI - [Spontaneous perirenal hematoma]. PMID- 7282476 TI - [Periureteral venous ring]. PMID- 7282477 TI - [Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Presentation of 7 cases]. PMID- 7282478 TI - [Urologic aspects of ano-rectal malformations]. PMID- 7282479 TI - [Ultrasound in the diagnosis of the infertile male. II. Echography of the prostate]. PMID- 7282481 TI - [Bladder leiomyosarcoma. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7282483 TI - [Erythrocyte deformability. Its measurement by ektacytometry. Possible applications in pharmacology]. PMID- 7282484 TI - Calcium and phosphatidylinositol turnover as signalling for transmembrane control of protein phosphorylation. PMID- 7282480 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of a diverticulum of the urachus]. PMID- 7282482 TI - [Treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis]. PMID- 7282486 TI - Pharmacological investigations into the effects of histamine and histamine analogs on guinea pig and rat uterus. AB - The effects of histamine and its analogs 2-(2-pyridyl) ethylamine (PEA) and 4 methylhistamine (4 MH) have been studied on uterine preparations obtained from estrogen-primed guinea pigs and rats. (1) Histamine and 4 MH, a specific H2 receptor agonist produced relaxation in estrogen-primed rat uterus, whereas these agonists produced contraction in the estrogen-primed guinea pig uterus. (2) PEA, a specific H1-receptor agonist produced contraction in the guinea pig uterus but had no effect on the rat uterus. (3) Metiamide blocked responses to histamine and 4 MH in the rat uterus, whereas mepyramine blocked responses to histamine and PEA in the guinea pig uterus. (4) Propranolol produced competitive antagonism with histamine in the rat uterus, whereas it had no significant effect on the histamine or PEA responses in the guinea pig uterus. (5) Reserpine pretreatment completely abolished the responses to histamine and 4 MH in the rat uterus but did not alter the response in the guinea pig uterus. (6) Our data suggest that in rat uterus only H2-receptors are present and they are indirectly through the release of noradrenaline. In the guinea pig uterus both H1- and H2-receptors are present and are excitatory and directly acting. PMID- 7282487 TI - Mepacrine inhibition of bradykinin-induced contractions of the rabbit ear vein. AB - Bradykinin induced concentration-dependent contractions in spiral strip preparations of the central vein of rabbit's ears. These contractions require the presence of Ca2+ in the extracellular medium. Mepacrine (2.1 to 42.3 mumol/l) significantly reduced these contractions. Since indomethacin (28 mumol/l) did not reduce the contractions produced by bradykinin, the effect of mepacrine is not explained by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Procaine (10(-7) to 10(-4) mol/l) did not reduce the contractions produced by bradykinin and thus is does not seem that mepacrine acts through a non-specific, local anaesthetic effect. Mepacrine reduced the phosphatidate-mediated transfer of 45Ca from an aqueous phase to an organic phase. It has recently been proposed that phosphatidate may be the Ca2+ ionophore in smooth muscle. However, in the present experiments procaine was about as potent as mepacrine in inhibiting phosphatidate-mediated 45Ca transfer, and since it did not reduce the contractile responses these results do not support the concept that mepacrine inhibits contractions by reducing the Ca2+ influx via a phosphatidate ionophore. PMID- 7282488 TI - Cyclosporin A: effects on the mouse thymus. AB - Cyclosporin A (CY-A), an immunosuppressive cyclic endecapeptide, causes thymus weight reduction in mice 4 days after single oral administration. This effect was compared with that of hydrocortisone acetate (HCA), or of azathioprine (AZ). The latter had no effect on thymus weight, whereas HCA induced a marked reduction 2 days after administration. A possible mediation by the pituitary adrenal gland system (PAG) of the CY-A induced effect was suggested by the observation of an elevated corticosterone plasma level after CY-A administration and by the prevention of the thymocytolytic effect by adrenalectomy. However, the immunosuppressive activity of CY-A in humoral immunity and cell mediated tests was not affected by adrenalectomy. It must therefore be concluded that the immunosuppression produced by CY-A in vivo is not mediated by stimulation of the PAG system, contrary to its effect on the mouse thymus, which is a glucocorticosteroid effect. PMID- 7282485 TI - Influence of dietary histidine on tissue histamine concentration, histidine decarboxylase and histamine methyltransferase activity in the rat. AB - Three-week-old male rats were fed for two weeks diets supplying inadequate, adequate, or excess amounts of histidine. After the 2-week feeding of the experimental diets, the rats were killed. Brain, gastrocnemius muscle, kidney and stomach were removed and analyzed for histamine and free-histidine as well as for the degradative enzyme, HMT, and the histamine-synthesizing enzyme HDC. The following results were obtained: As the levels of dietary histidine increased, (1) tissue concentrations of free-histidine and of histamine increased in all the tissues analyzed. (2) The increase of histamine was greatest in brain and stomach (5- and 4-fold, respectively), but less in kidney and muscle (2-fold). (3) HDC activity was not detected in muscle, but doubled from the lowest to the highest histidine intake in brain and increased almost 6-fold between the lowest and the highest histidine levels in stomach. (4) Kidney HDC decreased from the lowest to the two higher levels of dietary histidine. (5) HMT activity increased nominally in brain and not significantly in kidney; none was detected in either muscle or stomach. (6) Brain and kidney, tissues with considerable HMT activity, had almost no histamine. The increases in tissue histamine concentrations observed in the tissues analyzed generally reflected the changes and magnitudes of enzyme activities for HMT and HDC. The results in the rat differ in important ways from those previously observed in chickens as follows: (1) Histamine concentrations as a function in dietary histidine decreased in the chick. (2) Both HDC and HMT activities were present in chick muscle tissue. (3) HDC activity in chick stomach decreased sharply as a function of dietary histidine. PMID- 7282489 TI - Antischistosomal effects of cyclosporin A. AB - Administration of cyclosporin A, a new selective immunosuppressive agent, to mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni resulted in a significant reduction in the number of mature and immature male and, to a greater extent, female worms. With lower, subeffective, doses a reduction in hemoglobinase activity and protein content of female schistosomes is produced. Evidence available so far suggests that the antischistosomal effects of cyclosporin A are mediated through a stimulation of host mechanisms directed against the parasite. PMID- 7282490 TI - Nitroblue-tetrazolium test for the functional evaluation of phagocytic cells: a critical analysis of the methodology. AB - The reduction of NBT to formazan has been suggested as an indicator of the reduction potential of biological systems. An increase in the amount of reduced formazan reflects the activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt of phagocytes cultivated in vitro, as a result of cellular stimulation by chemical or biological factors, or during phagocytosis. This phenomenon has been widely used for the determination of activated phagocytes by different methods. However, the technical limitations of these methods have not been evaluated carefully. In the investigations presented here three solvents for formazan, pyridine, dioxane and dimethyl-formamide, have been tested for their suitability as extraction agents. For each solvent the optimal wavelength for photometric evaluation has been determined and dose relation curves between dissolved formazan and OD have been established. Several factors (time, temperature, pH, contamination with water or acid) affecting the dissolving properties and stability of formazan in different solvents have been investigated. With the solvents tested, dioxane proved to be the most suitable agent for extracting NBF. Thus a methodology for the quantitative evaluation of NBT has been established. This method can be used for the identification of activators as well as of inhibitors of the phagocyte system. PMID- 7282493 TI - Kybernetics of cardio-respiratory synchrony: characterization by modulating cardiac frequency. AB - The work concerns the special and particularly efficient kybernetic system which synchronizes respiratory and cardiac activities in rabbits. An experimental procedure is worked out to characterize its potentialities. It consists of an artificial, elective and continuous slowing down of cardiac frequency in left side vagotomized animals. Whenever synchrony happens to exist - and this can be provided - such slowing down will tend to throw the two rhythms out of phase. The stronger the kybernetic system, then the more it should be able to outweigh such disturbing tendencies. The correlation between the speed of cardiac slowing and the number of synchronized breaths resisting such disturbances follows a hyperbolic course. Characteristics of this hyperbola offer a useful means of quantifying the kybernetic system. PMID- 7282491 TI - SRS-A mediated bronchospasm by pharmacologic modification of lung anaphylaxis in vivo. AB - Antigen challenge of actively sensitized guinea pigs results in the release of histamine eicosanoids (products of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism) and slow reducing substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). By antagonizing the effects of histamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine, inhibiting the cyclooxygenase pathway and supplying arachidonic acid as substrate, the contribution of SRS-A to anaphylactic bronchospasm can be enhanced, thus allowing suitable quantitation of antagonists. This SRS-A mediated bronchospasm can be inhibited in a dose dependent fashion by FPL55712, a selective antagonist of SRS A. This system represents an in vivo method capable of detecting compounds which inhibit SRS-A synthesis/release of SRS-A action at the effector organ. PMID- 7282494 TI - Protective effect of nifedipine in the hypoxic perfused cat liver. AB - The effects of the calcium antagonist nifedipine on isolated perfused cat livers were studied during 150 min of normoxic or hypoxic perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit solution. Hypoxic livers perfused with the nifedipine vehicle exhibited significantly higher increases in perfusion pressure, perfusate lactate dehydrogenase and cathepsin D activities, as well as amino-nitrogen concentrations compared to the control normoxic group. In contrast, the nifedipine + hypoxia group showed no significant difference in any of these variables from the control livers. Nifedipine (0.3 microgram/ml) protected the liver during hypoxia and that this protection may have stemmed from its inhibition of Ca++ influx which has been linked in irreversible cell death. PMID- 7282495 TI - Effect of irradiation on the viability and toxin production of different fungus species. PMID- 7282492 TI - Dopamine uptake in platelets: two different low-affinity, saturable mechanisms. AB - Uptake of dopamine (DA) in human blood platelets was found to encompass two different saturable components, one chloride-dependent and one non-chloride dependent. The chloride-dependent uptake had an apparent Km of about 4 X 10(-5) M, was strongly inhibited by serotonin (5HT), and moderately inhibited by ouabain, PHMB and by substituting K+ for Na+ in the incubation medium. The antidepressants imipramine, clomipramine, desipramine and nomifensine showed approximately the same inhibitory potency against this uptake as against 5HT uptake in platelets. This chloride-dependent mechanism is probably identical with the 5HT uptake mechanism in platelets. The non-chloride-dependent uptake had an apparent Km of about 1.4 X 10(-4) M, and was not inhibited by metabolic inhibitors or antidepressants, and only moderately by 5HT. Its characteristics seem to be in accordance with facilitated diffusion. When platelets preloaded with DA were reincubated in fresh medium without chloride, the efflux curve indicated a distribution between one "superficial" and one "deep" compartment, containing 68% and 32% of total platelet DA, respectively. The deep compartment probably corresponds to the dense osmiophilic granules. The efflux kinetics are similar to those found for 5HT. PMID- 7282497 TI - Experimental infection on sheep and pigs with Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786), and the origin of pouching in hydatid cysts. PMID- 7282496 TI - Cutaneous sphaerosporosis of the common carp fry. PMID- 7282498 TI - Detection of neutralizing antibodies to genuine rabbit adenovirus in rabbit antisera to human adenoviruses. PMID- 7282499 TI - Interrelationship between the total protein content of bovine seminal plasma and behaviour of the spermatozoa after freezing-and-thawing. PMID- 7282500 TI - Effect of zinc sulphate supplementation on amino acid absorption from pig intestine. I. Intestinal loop tests. PMID- 7282501 TI - Studies of the so-called "partus syndrome" of dairy cows. PMID- 7282502 TI - Studies on porcine adrenocortical function. II. Effects of the ambient temperature and restricted feeding on the peripheral cortisol level. PMID- 7282503 TI - Relationship between the ash content and microscopic hardness of swine bones. PMID- 7282504 TI - Prevention of skin cancer. PMID- 7282505 TI - Psychologic aspects of mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7282506 TI - Cataract update. AB - Cataracts can be congenital or can result from traumatic injuries, local or systemic disease, or the aging process (senile cataracts). Senile cataracts are classified as nuclear, cortical or posterior subcapsular. Of the several surgical procedures and lenses used in treatment, the most exciting advance is extracapsular cataract extraction followed by insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Physicians should be aware of several common misconceptions concerning cataracts. PMID- 7282509 TI - Human toxicity from rat poisons. PMID- 7282510 TI - Bursitis and tendinitis. PMID- 7282507 TI - Winging of the scapula. AB - Common neurogenic causes of scapular winging are serratus anterior, trapezius and rhomboid palsy. Deformity is minimal in serratus anterior palsy (long thoracic nerve); winging is accentuated by forward elevation and pushing with outstretched arms. In trapezius palsy (spinal accessory nerve), the shoulder droops and winging is accentuated by arm abduction at the shoulder level. Rhomboid weakness (dorsal scapular nerve or C5 root) is best demonstrated by slowly lowering the arms from the forward elevated position. PMID- 7282508 TI - Risks of drugs to the fetus and the neonate. PMID- 7282512 TI - Tachycardia-dependent and bradycardia-dependent intraventricular conduction defects in acute myocardial infarction: electrocardiographic, electrophysiologic, and clinical correlates. AB - Presence of rate-dependent (RD) intraventricular conduction defects (IVCD) was documented by inducing variations in heart rate in 30 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients (10 right bundle branch block, six left bundle branch block, 13 left anterior hemiblocks, and two left posterior hemiblocks). Five IVCDs were tachycardia-dependent (TD), 20 were bradycardia-dependent (BD), and six were both TD and BD. In TD blocks shortest cycles showing normal intraventricular conduction ranged from 410 to 1330 msec (697 +/- 84 SE); in BD blocks longest cycles with normal intraventricular conduction ranged from 450 to 1450 msec (962 +/- 52). In 60% of cases intermittent incomplete RD blocks were also present. In one patients RD-IVCD intermittency remained until discharge; in the others it lasted from 4 minutes to 10 days. Afterwards 19 RD-IVCDs disappeared and four became stable; six patients died during RD-IVCD intermittency period. Disappearance of RD block was preceded by gradual reduction in cycle length showing TD block and lengthening of cycles stopped beats with BD block. Serial observation of RD-IVCDs provides information about sequence of electrophysiologic effects on the intraventricular conduction system in clinical AMI. PMID- 7282511 TI - Effects of isolated interventricular septal ischemia on global and segmental function of the canine right and left ventricle. AB - The effects of isolated septal artery ligation wee studied in 17 dogs. Contraction of the interventricular septum (IVS) and the free walls of both ventricles was measured by implanting ultrasonic crystals. Global ventricular function was assessed by Starling function curves. Following septal artery ligation, IVS shortening was immediately replaced by systolic lengthening. Thirty minutes after septal artery ligation, the right ventricular (RV) stroke work (SW) was significantly depressed at end-diastolic pressure (EDP) of 8 and 8.5 mm Hg from control values of 7.6 +/- 0.4 and 8.6 +/- 0.6 gmM to 6.7 +/- 0.4 and 7.4 +/- 0.5gmM respectively. However, LVSW after septal artery ligation was similar to control values for EDP from 5 to 19 mm Hg. These changes were associated with unchanged RV free wall movement of 21 +/- 3% in the inflow region and 23 +/- 5% in the outflow region. LV free wall systolic shortening following septal artery ligation increased by 16 +/- 3%. It is concluded that canine septal artery ligation causes global dysfunction of the RV but not of the LV. PMID- 7282514 TI - Application and safety of outpatient ergonovine testing in accurately detecting coronary spasm in patients with possible variant angina. AB - We analyzed the results of 61 consecutive outpatient ergonovine provocation tests to determine the safety and efficacy of such outpatient testing for detecting coronary artery spasm (CAS). Criteria for outpatient testing included: clinical history suggestive of variant angina, noncritical coronary artery disease documented by coronary arteriography, normal exercise treadmill test, no symptomatic arrhythmias, and no history of recent myocardial infarction. All antianginal medications were tapered and stopped. Ergonovine maleate was given as a bolus at 3-minute intervals in consecutive doses of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.25 mg. A positive test was defined as chest pain accompanied by greater than 0.1 mV ST segment elevation of 12-lead ECG. If pain and ST-segment elevation occurred, intravenous and sublingual nitroglycerin were immediately administered for relief of myocardial ischemia. Of the 61 patients studied, 10 had positive tests; there were no complications. Follow-up the 51 patients with negative studies has not revealed cardiac etiology for their chest pain. We conclude that outpatient ergonovine testing is a safe and accurate diagnostic test for identifying CAS in a highly selected population of patients with possible variant angina when performed under carefully controlled conditions. PMID- 7282513 TI - Histologic, ultrastructural, and enzymatic measurements of infarct size following coronary artery stenosis and occlusion. AB - Coronary artery narrowing (CAN), which reduced resting coronary blood flow (BF) by 50%, was induced in 10 conscious dogs and was maintained for 4 hours. Five additional dogs (group 1) with complete coronary artery occlusion were compared to the dogs with CAN. Serum isoenzymes of creatine phosphokinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) were monitored hourly in all groups. After 36 hours, samples were obtained for regional myocardial BF, quantitative histology, and quantitative ultrastructural (EM) morphology. Six dogs with CAN had small infarcts (MI) of less than 1 gm and persistent myocardial cell injury (group 2). The other four dogs with CAN has only persistent myocardial cell injury by ultrastructural criteria (group 3). Peak serum CK activities in groups 2 and 3 were similar, as well MI sizes calculated from serum CK and myocardial depletion. MB CK was of diagnostic value in group 1 but not in groups 2 and 3. The ratio of LD 1/LD 2 had diagnostic value in all three groups. MI size by enzyme estimates was consistently higher than planimetered MI size at autopsy in both groups 1 and 2. All three groups had significant amounts of ultrastructural damage outside of histologically demonstrated. MI. These findings suggest that (1) gross and histologic MI size determination of 36 hours after ischemia underestimate extent of damage, and (2) ultrastructural cell changes cause significant release of CK and LD in coronary disease (CAD). PMID- 7282515 TI - Cardiocirculatory and myocardial energetic effects of prostaglandin E1 in severe left ventricular failure due to chronic coronary heart disease. AB - The cardiocirculatory actions of brief (69 +/- 5 minutes) infusions of prostaglandin E1 were evaluated in nine chronic coronary heart disease patients with severe left ventricular (LV) failure caused by previous myocardial infarction. Prostaglandin E1 infusion did not alter heart rate (HR) and produced modest declines in mean systemic blood pressure (BP) (85 +/- 6 to 76 +/- 5 mm Hg, P less than 0.025) and LV filling pressure (19 +/- 3 to 15 +/- 2 mm Hg, P less than 0.01). Simultaneously, prostaglandin E1 augmented LV pump function raising cardiac index from 1.9 +/- 0.2 to 2.5 +/- 0.1 L/min/m2 (p less than 0.005), elevating stroke index from 28 +/- 2.4 to 35 +/- 2.9 ml/beat/m2 (p less than 0.01), and increasing stroke work index from 26 +/- 4.3 to 30 +/- 4.4 gm . m/m2 (p less than 0.02). Additionally, total systemic vascular resistance decreased from 1862 +/- 192 to 1282 +/- 100 dynes-sec-cm-5 (p less than 0.02) and double product LV aerobic index of HR . systolic BP diminished from 9492 +/- 666 to 8278 +/- 492 (p less than 0.02). Concomitantly, in the forearm, vascular resistance fell, blood flow rose, and venous tone remained unchanged. These results indicate that prostaglandin E1 is a potent systemic arteriolar dilator with markedly beneficial effects on cardiac function in chronic coronary patients having severe ischemic LV failure refractory to conventional therapy. PMID- 7282518 TI - The idiopathic hyperkinetic heart syndrome: clinical course and long-term prognosis. AB - Nineteen of the originally reported 24 patients having the idiopathic hyperkinetic heart syndrome were followed for periods of 11 to 25 years. One patient died of complicating severe mitral stenosis. Of the remaining 18 patients, nine had complete physical examinations and ECG records. Only one of these patients was symptomatic at the time of reexamination. Murmurs originally present in eight of nine patients were present in only five of nine at reexamination; hyperkinetic circulation and heart, originally present in eight, were found in only two at follow-up; and systolic hypertension, present in seven at beginning of the study, was only present in four at follow-up. ECG abnormalities (usually left ventricular hypertrophy) regressed in the majority. Persistent elevation of cardial index and systolic ejection rate were found at repeat catheterization in the single symptomatic patient who had congestive cardiomyopathy. Uncomplicated idiopathic hyperkinetic heart syndrome appears to have an excellent long-term prognosis. PMID- 7282516 TI - Dose-effect and structure-function relationships in doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. AB - The cardiomyopathy (CM) produced by the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DXR) (Adriamycin) provides a unique opportunity to analyze dose-effect and structure function relationships during development of myocardial disease. We measured the degree of morphologic damage by ultrastructural examination of endomyocardial biopsy and the degree of performance abnormally by right heart catheterization in patients receiving DXR. Morphologic damage was variable but was proportional to the total cumulative DXR dose between 100 and 600 mg/m2. Performance abnormalities correlated weakly with dose, exhibited a curvilinear relationship, and had a "threshold" for expression. Catheterization abnormalities correlated well with morphologic damage (r = 0.57 to 0.78) in a subgroup of patients in whom exercise hemodynamics were measured, and this relationship also exhibited a curvilinear, threshold configuration. In DXR-CM myocardial damage is proportional to the degree of cytotoxic insult (DXR dose) while myocardial function is preserved until a critical dose or degree of damage is reached, after which myocardial performance deteriorates rapidly. PMID- 7282517 TI - Computer enhancement of direct and venous-injected left ventricular contrast angiography. AB - Following peripheral venous injection of radiopaque contrast material, a new on line automatic computer image enhancement technique was employed to delineate and left ventricular (LV) endocardial silhouette in 10 dogs and 8 patients. This technique employs a very fast analog-to-digital conversion system capable of digitizing video frames on-line. By averaging into digital image memory the first 30 video frames and then subtracting each incoming frame from this memory, most of the background is eliminated, leaving only the contrast-filled ventricle. Since the technique employs conventional fluoroscopic exposure rates rather than cineangiography, there is marked reduction in x-ray exposure. An in vitro study using the Rando whole body phantom demonstrated that a 5 mm object with 2% contrast could be imaged within the complex chest anatomy with an incident exposure rate of only 30 mR/sec, using digital subtraction followed by contrast enhancement. In vivo studies were performed to assess the relative accuracy of ventricular border definition using this new technique by comparison to the unenhanced images in eight patients. The difference in planimetered area of the two cardiac silhouettes was 13 +/- 4 mm2 (mean difference +/- 3.4%). In four patients both direct and peripheral venous LV angiograms were obtained. There was a small (2% to 7%) systematic difference between calculated end-diastolic and end systolic LV volume, with peripheral venous volumes invariably being smaller. Differences in calculated ejection fraction (EF) were of smaller magnitude; the maximum absolute difference in EF was 2%. We conclude that this technique is applicable to angiographic studies involving either cardiac or peripheral vascular injection of contrast material, and allows high quality images to be obtained at approximately seven-fold reduction in radiation dose (5 mA, 65 to 85 kv). PMID- 7282519 TI - Controlled comparison of the effects of furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide added to propranolol in the treatment of hypertension. AB - Forty patients completed a double-blind parallel group study comparing furosemide (FUR) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) when added to a stable dose of beta blocker in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. Both diuretics caused a significant additional fall in blood pressure (BP) when added to propranolol, and there were no differences in the mean BP achieved. However, a higher proportion of patients achieved satisfactory control (BP less than 160/95 mm Hg) on FUR than on HCT and, in addition, there was a more marked dose-response effect with FUR. This study showed that FUR is at least as effective as HCT in the treatment of hypertension when added to propranolol, and appears to possess certain advantages in comparison to the thiazide. PMID- 7282520 TI - Digoxin disposition in obesity: clinical pharmacokinetic investigation. AB - Digoxin pharmacokinetics were studied in 16 obese (mean +/- SD weight, 100.2 +/- 36.8 kg) and 13 control (64.6 +/- 10.5 kg) subjects. All subjects had normal renal function and no other coexisting disease. After administration of 0.75 mg digoxin by intravenous infusion, multiple plasma samples obtained over the 96 hours following infusion were analyzed for digoxin concentration by radioimmunoassay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by weighted iterative nonlinear least squares regression analysis. Elimination half-life (t 1/2) was not different between obese and control groups (35.6 +/- 10.5 vs 41.2 +/ 16.7 hours). Absolute volume of distribution (Vd) also was not different (981 +/ 301 vs 937 +/- 397 liters), nor was total clearance of digoxin (328 +/- 82 vs 278 +/- 87 ml/min). Elimination t 1/2 was significantly negatively correlated with clearance among all subjects (r = -0.46; p less than 0.01). Using percent ideal body weight (IBW) as a measure of obesity, no correlation was found between percent IBW and Vd (r = 0.03). Thus digoxin is similarly distributed into IBW in obese and normal weight subjects, and there is no significant distribution of digoxin into excess body weight over IBV. In addition, there is no difference in total metabolic clearance or elimination half-life between obese and control subjects. Digoxin loading and maintenance dosage should be calculated on the basis of IBW, which reflects lean body mass, rather than TBW, which reflects adipose tissue weight in addition to lean body mass. PMID- 7282521 TI - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: a cause of ventricular tachycardia in children with apparently normal hearts. AB - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD), a cardiomyopathy with hypokinetic ares limited to the wall of the right ventricle (RV), has been recently described as a cause of recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) in young adults with an otherwise normal heart. We reviewed 26 cases of recurrent VT in children and found 10 patients with no clinically recognizable abnormality aside from the dysrhythmia. Three of these 10 patients had ARVD. These three patients were initially seen at 1, 12, and 14 years of age with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and/or VT. Sustained VT occurred spontaneously or during stress testing. The PVCs and the VT were of left bundle branch block contour, suggesting RV site of origin. The diagnosis of ARVD was based on wall motion abnormalities of the RV demonstrated angiographically. We suggest that ARVD could be a significantly common cause of VT in children with an apparently normal heart. PMID- 7282523 TI - Current status of ambulatory electrocardiography. PMID- 7282524 TI - Self-anchoring endocardial pacemaker leads: current spectrum of types, advances in design, and clinical results. PMID- 7282522 TI - Spectrum of congestive heart failure late after aortic valve or mitral replacement: differentiation of valvular versus myocardial cause by radionuclide ventriculogram-ejection fraction. AB - Heart failure (CHF) appearing late after aortic (AV) or mitral valve (MV) replacement (R) may be due to mechanical factors such as prosthetic or native dysfunction, or due to myocardial disease. We studied 41 patients who developed CHF late (6 weeks to 11 years) after AVR or MVR with gated blood pool scan (RNV) to analyze the spectrum of ejection fraction (EF) and its clinical correlates. Of the 17 patients who developed CHF after AVR, 10 had RNV EF greater than 0.5 (all of whom had severe valve or prosthetic dysfunction as the primary cause of CHF) and seven had EF less than 0.5 (five with severe myocardial disease and two with prosthetic dysfunction). Of the 24 with CHF after MVR, 13 had RNV EF greater than 0.5. In contrast to post-AVR patients, only 8 of the 13 patients had mechanical causes of CHF (seven prosthetic dysfunction and one constrictive pericarditis). Of the 11 patients after MVR with EF less than 0.5, nine had severe myocardial disease and two had prosthetic dysfunction. Thus (1) reduced EF in patients and CHF-after AVR or MVR suggests myocardial disease as the basis for CHF, and (2) normal EF implies a mechanical cause of CHF after AVR but may be associated with either myocardial or mechanical factors after MVR. PMID- 7282525 TI - Coronary thrombolysis by intravenous streptokinase in clinical acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7282526 TI - Aneurysm of the interatrial septum causing pulmonary venous obstruction in an infant with tricuspid atresia. PMID- 7282529 TI - Partial avulsion of the tricuspid valve by tined pacing electrode. PMID- 7282528 TI - Adverse reactions and efficacy of high-dose procainamide therapy in resistant tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 7282527 TI - Right ventricular infarction with hemodynamic decompensation due to transient loss of active atrial augmentation: successful treatment with atrial pacing. PMID- 7282530 TI - Lidocaine pharmacokinetics during cardiac arrest and external cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 7282531 TI - Inadvertent massive lidocaine overdose causing temporary complete heart block in myocardial infarction. PMID- 7282532 TI - Control of anticoagulant therapy by prothrombin time tests: an old problem revisited. PMID- 7282534 TI - Successful premedication of the dental patient. PMID- 7282533 TI - Characteristics and prognosis of apparently healthy patients with frequent and complex ventricular ectopy: evidence for a relatively benign new syndrome with occult myocardial and/or coronary disease. PMID- 7282535 TI - PUVA for psoriasis. PMID- 7282536 TI - A look at pharmacy consulting. PMID- 7282539 TI - Credit management. Under adverse economic conditions. PMID- 7282537 TI - Cough/cold preparations. PMID- 7282538 TI - The pride and perfection of the prescription label. PMID- 7282540 TI - Students learn about drug abuse. PMID- 7282541 TI - Continuing education: continuing competence or legal compliance? PMID- 7282543 TI - Factors presaging early recurrent myocardial infarction ("extension"). AB - A prospective study of 200 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction was undertaken to characterize the frequency and severity of early recurrent infarction (extension), manifested by secondary plasma MB creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin peaks, and to identify patients at particularly high risk. Serial MB CK and myoglobin determinations and continuous electrocardiographic recordings were obtained in all patients for 14 days, and serial radioventriculograms were obtained in selected patients. Chest pain and S-T segment changes occurred often, in 57 and 43 percent, respectively, of the entire group of patients. However, a secondary rise in plasma MB CK levels indicative of recurrent infarction, occurring an average of 10 +/- 4 days after the initial infarct, was evident in only 17 percent of patients. Forty-three percent (25 of 58) of patients with initial subendocardial infarction exhibited recurrent infarction compared with only 8 percent of those with initial transmural infarction. The mortality rate was 7 percent in patients with subendocardial infarction without early recurrence compared with 16 percent among those with recurrent. Logistic regression analysis indicated that obese women with initial subendocardial infarction and repeated episodes of prolonged chest pain had a high probability rate (60 percent) of recurrence in contrast to the low probability (2 percent) in patients without these features. Thus, early recurrent infarction is frequent after subendocardial infarction and is associated with a marked increase in mortality. These results suggest that patients with subendocardial infarction are at particularly high risk for recurrent infarction and that patients with this type of infarction require vigorous monitoring and prolonged surveillance. PMID- 7282542 TI - Nontransmural myocardial infarction: a comparison of hospital and late clinical course of patients with that of matched patients with transmural anterior and transmural inferior myocardial infarction. AB - The hospital and long-term course of 67 patients with nontransmural myocardial infarction was compared with that of 66 patients with transmural anterior and 63 patients with transmural inferior infarction matched for age, sex, previous infarction and prior congestive heart failure. During their hospital stay, patients with nontransmural infarction had significantly less congestive heart failure and fewer intraventricular conduction defects than did patients with transmural anterior infarction; fewer atrial tachyarrhythmias and less sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular block than did patients with transmural inferior infarction; and an incidence of hypotension, pericarditis and ventricular irritability similar to that of patients in the other two groups. Patients with nontransmural infarction had a significantly lower coronary care unit mortality rate (9 percent) than that of patients with transmural anterior or transmural inferior infarction (20 and 19 percent, respectively). By 3 months, the mortality rate had risen to 14 percent in patients with nontransmural infarction, but was significantly higher (29 and 27 percent, respectively) in patients with transmural anterior or transmural inferior infarction. Angina was common in all three groups, occurring in more than 50 percent of patients during a mean follow up period of 28.6 months after hospital discharge. In contrast, the incidence of subsequent myocardial infarction was significantly greater in patients with nontransmural myocardial infarction, occurring in 21 percent at 9 months compared with only 3 percent of patients with transmural anterior (p less than 0.01) and 2 percent of patients with transmural inferior (p less than 0.05) infarction. By 54 months, 57 percent of patients with nontransmural infarction had sustained a new infarction contrasted with only 12 percent of patients with transmural anterior (p less than 0.001) and 22 percent of patients with transmural inferior (p less than 0.01) infarction. Late mortality increased in patients with nontransmural myocardial infarction and, although this group had a significantly better survival rate at 3 months, the overall late mortality of the three groups was comparable. The study suggests that nontransmural myocardial infarction is an unstable ischemic event associated with a great risk of later myocardial infarction and high late mortality rate. A more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach may be warranted in patients with nontransmural myocardial infarction. PMID- 7282544 TI - Clinical and experimental studies of the effects of atrial extrastimulation and rapid pacing on atrial flutter cycle. Evidence of macro-reentry with an excitable gap. AB - To investigate the mechanism of atrial flutter in human beings, effects of atrial pacing and extrastimulation on flutter cycle length were studied. In four cases, properly timed extrastimuli shortened the F-F interval after the extrastimulus without affecting the stimulus-encompassing interval. The width of the excitable gap ranged from 14 to 25 percent of the basic flutter cycle length (mean +/- standard deviation 20.4 +/- 4.1). Entrainment to rapid atrial pacing was demonstrated in each case. The width of the entrainment zone nearly coincided with that of the excitable gap in each case. In 16 days, atrial flutter was induced by electrical stimulation after an obstacle was placed between the superior and the inferior venae cavae according to Rosenblueth and Garcia Ramos. In 11 dogs, extrastimuli shortened the F-F interval next to the stimulus encompassing interval as in the clinical study. The excitable gap, measured in six dogs, ranged from 15 to 24 percent of the basic flutter cycle length (mean 20.6 +/- 3.0). Entrainment was observed in six dogs studied and, during entrainment, the atrial activation sequence was almost the same as that during the basic flutter cycle. It is concluded that shortening of the F-F interval next to the stimulus-encompassing interval that is not affected favors macro-reentry as the mechanism of atrial flutter in human beings. PMID- 7282545 TI - Retrograde dual atrioventricular nodal pathways. AB - Thirty-one (3.5 percent) of 887 studied patients had retrograde dual atrioventricular (A-V) nodal pathways, as manifested by discontinuous retrograde A-V nodal conduction curves (29 patients) or by two sets of ventriculoatrial (V A) conduction intervals at the same cycle length (2 patients). All patients had A V nodal reentrant ventricular echoes of the unusual variety induced with ventricular stimulation (25 patients had single, 2 patients had double and 4 patients had more than three ventricular echoes). The weak link of the reentrant circuit was always the retrograde slow pathway. Eleven of the 31 patients also had anterograde dual A-V nodal pathways (bidirectional dual pathways). Eight patients (26 percent) had spontaneous as well as inducible A-V nodal reentrant paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (of the unusual type in three and the usual type in five). In addition, three patients (10 percent) had only inducible supraventricular tachycardia (two of the unusual and one of the usual type). Retrograde dual A-V nodal pathways are uncommon. They are associated with the finding of at least single A-V nodal reentrant ventricular echoes (all patients), anterograde dual pathways (one third of patients) and A-V nodal reentrant paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia of the usual and unusual variety (one third of patients). PMID- 7282546 TI - Mitral valve replacement for isolated mitral regurgitation: analysis of clinical course and late postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction. AB - One hundred five patients underwent mitral valve replacement for relief of isolated mitral regurgitation between 1974 and 1979. There were 4 in-hospital deaths (4 percent) and 12 late deaths giving an 82 percent predicted 5 year survival rate. An age of 60 years or more at the time of surgery and a preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 0.40 were the only variables that correlated with decreased survival at 3 to 5 years after operation (p less than 0.05). Postoperatively, 87 (98 percent) of 89 long-term survivors were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II (68 in class I and 19 in class II). Survival did not differ between patients with porcine versus mechanical valve replacement, but patients with a mechanical valve had a greater incidence of postoperative cerebrovascular accident (8.6/100 patient years) than did patients with a porcine valve (2.8/100 patient years) (p less than 0.002). Ejection fraction at rest was determined with multigated cardiac imaging 12 to 75 months postoperatively in 34 of 89 long-term survivors. The mean preoperative ejection fraction was 0.62 +/- 0.09 (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) and the mean postoperative ejection fraction was 0.50 +/- 0.15 (p less than 0.001). When the preoperative value was compared with the postoperative value at rest the ejection fraction increased by 0.10 or more in 1 patient (3 percent), remained within +/- 0.09 of the preoperative value in 12 patients (35 percent) and decreased by 0.10 or greater in 21 patients (62 percent). Sixteen (94 percent) of 17 patients whose postoperative ejection fraction was greater than 0.50 were in functional class I postoperatively compared with 11 (65 percent) of 17 patients whose postoperative ejection fraction was 0.50 or less (p less than 0.05). No preoperative factor, including preoperative ejection fraction or cardiothoracic ratio, predicted the postoperative ejection fraction. A postoperative exercise ejection fraction was obtained in 29 patients, and an abnormal ejection fraction change with exercise (increase less than 0.05) was observed in 20 patients (69 percent). Patient age at the time of study correlated inversely with the change in ejection fraction from rest to exercise; no other variables were predictive. It is concluded that, in addition to age, only preoperative left ventricular function as measured by ejection fraction predicts survival in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement for isolated mitral regurgitation. Clinical recovery is good even though the majority of long-term survivors have a postoperative decrease in ejection fraction. PMID- 7282547 TI - Digoxin-induced positive exercise tests: their clinical and prognostic significance. AB - To evaluate the influence of digoxin on the results of exercise testing and the prognostic significance of digoxin-induced positive exercise tests, 98 healthy men, aged 22 to 70 years, were studied. All had normal initial exercise test results. All took digoxin, 0.25 mg daily, for 14 days, and then performed daily exercise tests until each had a negative test response. Five years after these initial tests, a medical history was obtained from 92 of the 98 subjects, and 76 subjects performed repeat exercise tests. Six subjects were lost to follow-up study. Twenty-five percent of subjects (22 of 98) had a digoxin-induced positive exercise test. There was a direct relation between age and the incidence of digoxin-positive tests. The incidence of digoxin-positive tests in men over age 60 years was 100 percent. By 30 seconds after exercise no subject had greater than 1.9 mm S-T depression. No test remained positive for more than 6 minutes after exercise was discontinued. No test was positive 12 days after digoxin was withdrawn. With logistic regression analysis, it was possible to estimate the probability that a subject would have a digoxin-induced positive test. No subject had had a cardiovascular event at follow-up study, but five subjects had a positive repeat exercise test. Four of these subjects had had a digoxin-positive test initially. It is concluded that (1) useful information can be obtained from exercise studies of patients who receive digoxin, (2) the probability that a positive exercise test is due to digoxin can be estimated, (3) to remove the exercise-induced electrocardiographic effect, the drug should be withdrawn for 12 days, and (4) digoxin may unmask subclinical coronary arterial stenosis. PMID- 7282548 TI - Guidelines for effective and safe percutaneous intraaortic balloon pump insertion and removal. AB - During the 12 month period beginning February 1980, a total of 54 consecutive patients had 60 attempts at percutaneous insertion of an intraaortic balloon because of medically uncontrollable angina, cardiogenic shock either in the setting of an acute myocardial infarction or within hours of cardiac surgery and as a prophylactic measure in high risk patients before cardiac surgery. The balloon was successfully inserted in 49 patients (91 percent). In five patients the balloon could not be inserted in spite of eight attempts because of tortuosity of the iliac artery. All nine patients in whom balloon insertion was attempted without fluoroscopy had the device inserted successfully. The four insertion attempts during cardiac massage were all successful. Experience with use of the new longer introducer sheath is described. Since its acquisition there has not been a single balloon pump insertion failure in 20 consecutive patients including 6 patients in whom initial attempts through the conventional short death were unsuccessful because of iliac tortuosity. The major complications encountered in the present series were thromboembolic: femoral arterial thrombosis developed in five patients (10.2 percent) and an asymptomatic pulse loss in the contralateral foot developed in another. There were no cases of pseudoaneurysm, groin hematoma, aortic dissection or infection related to the percutaneous balloon. On the basis of this experience, several guidelines are suggested for safe and effective percutaneous insertions and removal of the intraaortic balloon pump. PMID- 7282550 TI - Autonomic interactions among subsidiary atrial foci. AB - Although the existence of a specific pacemaker hierarchy outside of the sinus node but within the atrium has been documented, little evidence regarding mechanisms controlling activity of these sites has been gathered. This investigation utilized an autologous perfusion of the sinus nodal artery, by way of the femoral artery, in order to suppress the sinus node cholinergically while unmasking latent atrial sites. Electrograms were recorded from the region of the sinus node and several atrial sites. Perfusion with small doses of acetylcholine and physostigmine unmasked pacemakers outside of the sinus and atrioventricular nodes, but within the atrium. Either vagal stimulation or topical acetylcholine on the area of the presumed pacemaker returned dominance gradually toward the sinus node. Stimulation of the right stellate ganglion accelerated the latent pacemaker but did not shift activation toward the sinus node. These results are consistent with the existence of subsidiary atrial pacemakers that appear to be highly sensitive to the effects of acetylcholine. This may represent one mechanism, in addition to overdrive suppression, that maintains pacemaker hierarchy within the right atrium. PMID- 7282549 TI - Structure and classification of cuspal tears and perforations in porcine bioprosthetic cardiac valves implanted in patients. AB - Morphologic studies were made of cuspal tears and perforations in 16 porcine valve bioprostheses that had been implanted in 14 patients (9 male and 5 female) ranging in age from 2 to 65 years. Eleven bioprostheses had been in the mitral position for 30 to 123 months, four in the aortic position for 15 to 40 months and one in a varied pulmonary conduit for 96 months. The cuspal lesions were classified into four types. Type I lesions, which involved the free edges of the cusps, were the most common of all lesions and occurred with equal frequency in mitral and aortic bioprostheses. Regardless of position of implantation, type I lesions were more frequent in the right coronary cusp than in the other cusps. Ultrastructural study showed that these lesions develop as consequences of breakdown of collagen at the free edges of the cusps, usually near the commissures. Type II lesions consisted of linear perforations that extended along the basal regions of the cusps, forming an arc parallel to the sewing ring. These lesions were uncommon an resulted from separation of bundles of collagen. Type III lesions, which were large, round or oval perforations that occupied central regions of the cusps, were more common in aortic than in mitral bioprostheses. They were characterized by marked destruction of cuspal tissue and were most frequently associated with infection. Type IV lesions were small pinhole-like perforations; they usually were multiple, localized in central regions of the cusps and associated with calcific deposits. Type IV lesions were more common in mitral than in aortic bioprostheses. Regardless of position, they were more frequent in the left and noncoronary cusps than in the right coronary cusp (which may be protected by its muscle shelf against this type of perforation). It is concluded that cuspal tears and perforations develop in implanted bioprostheses as consequences of structural failure of connective tissue components. PMID- 7282551 TI - Relation of the endocardial and epicardial ventricular fibrillation thresholds of the right and left ventricle. AB - Ventricular fibrillation thresholds were measured on the endocardium and epicardium of the right or left ventricle, or both, in 13 dogs. The electrodes, introduced through a right or left atriotomy to avoid injury to the ventricles, were aligned opposite and parallel to each other on the endocardium and epicardium. The ventricular fibrillation threshold was measured during atrial pacing by delivering a train of impulses to the ventricle during the vulnerable period after every 12th paced complex in 1 milliampere (mA) increments of current until fibrillation ensued. The mean (+/- standard deviation) right ventricular epicardial and endocardial fibrillation thresholds were 18.3 +/- 5.3 and 17.6 +/- 5.3 mA, respectively, (values not significantly different). However, the fibrillation threshold of 36.1 +/- 9.5 mA in the left ventricular epicardium was significantly higher than the value of 20.7 +/- 9.4 mA on the left ventricular endocardium. These data suggest that the proximity of the fibrillating electrodes and Purkinje network may be a factor in the measurement of ventricular vulnerability. PMID- 7282552 TI - Dependency of location of salvageable myocardium on type of intervention. AB - The purpose of this study were (1) to determine the location of the salvageable border zone in relation to the ischemic coronary bed, and (2) to determine whether the location of salvaged tissue differs depending on the mechanism of salvage and the type of intervention. Forty-four open chest dogs were subjected to either 6 hours of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery or 4 hours of occlusion of this artery followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Dogs with 6 hours of occlusion received either saline solution (Group I, n = 9), ibuprofen, 12.5 mg/kg body weight, (Group II, n = 7), flurbiprofen, 1 mg/kg (Group III, n = 10), or L-hydroxyphenylglycine, 10 mg/kg (Group IV, n = 8) intravenously 30 minutes and 3 hours after coronary occlusion. Dogs in Group V (n = 10) were subjected to 4 hours of coronary occlusion followed by 2 hours of reperfusion, but received no drugs. Although from 17 to 42 percent of the myocardium at risk did not become infarcted in Groups II through V compared with only 6 percent in Group I, the location of salvaged tissue was different in dogs receiving reperfusion (Group V) from that of dogs receiving drug interactions (Groups II, III and IV). In Group V, the salvaged tissue was primarily subepicardial with virtually no lateral zone of salvaged tissue (ratio of salvaged subepicardium to salvaged subendocardium 14.8 +/- 1.9 to 1). In Groups II, III and IV, there was a portion of the myocardium at risk at both lateral margins that did not become infarcted, as well as a portion of subepicardial tissue (ratio of subepicardium to subendocardium salvaged 3.3 +/- 0.4 in Group II, 2.5 +/- 0.1 in Group III and 2.0 +/- 0.2 in Group IV). Thus, infarct size reduction by ibuprofen, flurbiprofen and L-hydroxyphenylglycine is accompanied by lateral and subepicardial zones of salvage, whereas tissue salvaged by reperfusion is located primarily in the subepicardium. These observations should help to resolve the controversy regarding the existence and location of the various zones of ischemic myocardium that can be salvaged by drugs or reperfusion. PMID- 7282553 TI - Two dimensional echocardiographic analysis of wall motion abnormalities during handgrip exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Studies were made of the feasibility and value of two dimensional echocardiography in detecting left ventricular asynergy during handgrip exercise in 45 patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Resting echocardiography revealed normal wall motion in 32 patients, and in 17 of these handgrip exercise induced abnormal wall motion. All 17 patients had significant stenoses in the coronary arteries. However, only 65 percent of patients with coronary artery disease whose resting two dimensional echocardiogram revealed normal wall motion showed abnormal wall motion during handgrip exercise. The left ventricular wall visualized in the short axis plane was divided into 5 segments, and a total of 225 segments were analyzed. Of 49 segments with exercise-induced asynergy, 46 (94 percent) reflected significant stenosis in the perfusing coronary artery. In particular, 16 (89 percent) of 18 segments with exercise-induced akinesia reflected stenosis of greater than 90 percent. Resting or exercise two dimensional echocardiography (or both) was able to diagnose multivessel disease with a predictability of 92 percent. It is concluded that two dimensional echocardiography combined with handgrip exercise has high specificity in detecting coronary artery disease and would be useful for predicting severely stenotic or multivessel coronary arterial lesions. PMID- 7282554 TI - Two dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of exercise-induced left and right ventricular asynergy: correlation with thallium scanning. AB - Adequate real time two dimensional echocardiograms were prospectively obtained before and immediately after graded treadmill exercise testing in 41 of 48 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization for suspected coronary artery disease. Findings were correlated with thallium perfusion scans performed 5 to 10 minutes and 3 hours after the same exercise test. Exercise-induced wall motion abnormalities were detected in 19 of 23 patients with significant coronary artery disease and no prior myocardial infarction as well as in all 5 patients with known previous infarction. Three patients with coronary artery disease experienced new isolated right ventricular asynergy with exercise that would have been missed if only the left ventricle had been evaluated. Exercise-induced thallium perfusion defects showed good correlation with exercise-induced asynergy as detected with echocardiography. Two dimensional echocardiography performed immediately after treadmill stress testing is a feasible and rewarding technique in the evaluation of patients suspected to have coronary artery disease. PMID- 7282556 TI - Diastolic amplitude time index: a new apexcardiographic index of left ventricular diastolic function in human beings. AB - Left ventricular apexcardiography was performed in 260 normal subjects and 37 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization: 13 without left heart disease (group 1), 18 with congestive cardiomyopathy (group 2) and 6 with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (group 3). In the patients undergoing catheterization the apexcardiogram was recorded simultaneously with left ventricular pressure (tipmanometer) and its first derivative (dP/dt). The following variables were measured in the apex tracing: (1) the time from the onset of the aortic component of the second heart sound (A2) in the phonocardiogram to the nadir of the apexcardiogram, termed total apexcardiographic relaxation time (TART), (2) the time from A2 to the onset of the systolic upstroke (C point) of the apexcardiogram (A2-C), and (3) the ratio of the A wave (A) to the total diastolic amplitude (D) of the apexcardiogram (A/D). The diastolic amplitude time index (DATI) was calculated according to the following formula DATI = (square root A2-C/TART)/(A/D). In the normal subjects the diastolic amplitude time index was 0.82 +/- 0.26 (mean +/- standard deviation). In group 1 this index was within normal limits; in groups 2 and 3 it was decreased (0.23 +/- 0.07 and 0.18 +/- 0.05, respectively). This index showed excellent correlation with specific compliance of the left ventricle (r = +0.90) and close correlations with the maximal rate of decrease of left ventricular pressure (minimal dP/dt) (r = +0.79) as well as the velocity of lengthening of the contractile elements at minimal dP/dt (r = +0.77); less close correlation was obtained with the end-diastolic volume compliance (r = +0.67). These results demonstrate that the diastolic amplitude time index reflects interpatient differences in both relaxation ability and diastolic distensibility of the human left ventricle. Thus, this measurement provides an important new method for noninvasive evaluation of the overall function of the left ventricle during diastole. PMID- 7282555 TI - Two dimensional echographic imaging of the left ventricle: comparison of mechanical and phased array systems in vitro. AB - To determine the reliability of two dimensional echographic images of the left ventricle with different two dimensional echographic instruments, two dimensional echographic images of the left ventricle were compared in vitro using two phased array and two mechanical systems to image 22 short axis slices of the three postmortem human hearts (one with infarction, one with left ventricular aneurysm, one with mitral regurgitation). Total left ventricular area and left ventricular cavity area were determined with planimetry and myocardial area was derived by subtraction. Comparison of total, myocardial and cavity areas with calibrated photographs of each slice showed excellent correlations for each echographic system (r = 0.93 to 0.97 for total area; 0.90 to 0.94 for cavity area; 0.89 to 0.95 for myocardial area). For total left ventricular area, the ratio of echographic to photographic image size was close to unity (0.95 to 1.08) for one mechanical and two phased array systems, but significantly lower for mechanical system 2 (0.71, p less than 0.001). For myocardial area the echographic/photographic ratio was also close to unity (0.96 to 1.15) for two phase array systems and mechanical system 1 but significantly lower for mechanical system 2 (0.77, p less than 0.005). In contrast, all systems underestimated left ventricular cavity area with lower, more variable echographic/photographic ratios (0.48 to 0.78), with mechanical system 2 again giving significantly lower values (p less than 0.02) than the other systems. Underestimation of left ventricular cavity area appears to result from inaccurate endocardial display. We conclude that accurate left ventricular image quantitation is possible with either phased array or mechanical systems if each variable studied is calibrated against an independent reference standard and echographic results are corrected by the resultant regression equation. PMID- 7282557 TI - Automated method for left ventricular volume measurement by cineventriculography with minimal doses of contrast medium. AB - Cineventriculography is of considerable value in the dimensional analysis of the left ventricular cavity, but conventional methods necessitate injection of large amounts of contrast medium. In this study, small dose left ventriculography, using only 5 ml of dye, was performed in order to minimize the untoward effects of contrast medium. A computer-aided image processing system was also developed to enhance the contrast of the ventricular image by subtracting the reference image to eliminate irrelevant background. The boundary of the left ventricular cavity was automatically determined to calculate the instantaneous volume change throughout the cardiac cycle. With use of this small dose of dye, the elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure that consistently occurred 1 to 3 minutes after injection of conventional large doses could be avoided. (End diastolic pressure at 1 minute after dye injection averaged 11.8 +/- 4.9 [mean +/ standard deviation] for small dose and 19.1 +/- 6.1 mm Hg for large dose injection.) Values for end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume and ejection fraction calculated from the two consecutive small and large dose left ventriculograms in 16 patients were similar. Thus, minimal doses of contrast medium permit accurate measurement of left ventricular dimension and function without significant hemodynamic derangement. The optimal projection for regional wall motion analysis can easily be selected by this method with repeated exposure at various degrees of obliquity. With this technique, even noninvasive measurement of left ventricular volume can be provided by intravenous injection of small doses of contrast agent. PMID- 7282558 TI - Advantage of the cranial-right anterior oblique view in diagnosing mid left anterior descending and distal right coronary artery disease. AB - The value of the cranial-right anterior oblique view in uncovering or improving the arteriographic visualization of lesions in the mid left anterior descending coronary artery, the origin of its diagonal and septal branches and the distal branches of the right coronary artery was analyzed in 300 consecutive patients. The cranial-right anterior oblique view was compared with standard and other angled views. In the mid left anterior descending artery the view provided improved visualization over the other views in 80 percent of cases and uncovered lesions in 7 percent. In the septal arteries, the view improved visualization in more than 90 percent of cases and uncovered lesions in 26 percent. In the diagonal branches, the view improved visualization in nearly 75 percent of cases. In the distal right coronary artery there was improved visualization of the posterior descending and posterolateral branch arteries in more than 80 percent of cases. The cranial-right anterior oblique view was also the most advantageous view from a technical standpoint, yielding satisfactory exposure factors in obese and extremely heavy patients. PMID- 7282559 TI - Effects of digitalis on the human sick sinus node after pharmacologic autonomic blockade. AB - To study the effects of digitalis on the sinus node and the mechanisms involved, 16 patients with the sick sinus syndrome had electrophysiologic assessment of sinus nodal function during (1) control study, (2) after pharmacologic autonomic blockade with propranolol (0.2 mg/kg body weight and atropine sulfate 0.04 mg/kg intravenously), and (3) 10 minutes after 0.01 mg/kg of intravenous ouabain. The study was completed within 30 minutes of pharmacologic autonomic blockade. During the control study 50 percent of patients had an abnormal corrected sinus nodal recovery time or abnormal sinoatrial conduction time, or both. The effects of ouabain on sinus nodal function were compared with those after pharmacologic autonomic blockade. Ouabain significantly increased both intrinsic sinus cycle length (ouabain 975 +/- 194 ms [mean +/- standard deviation]; autonomic blockade 1,025 +/- 218 ms, probability [p] less than 0.001) and corrected sinus nodal recovery time (ouabain 615 +/- 503 ms; autonomic blockade 575 +/- 536 ms, p less than 0.05). In contrast there was no significant change in sinoatrial conduction time after ouabain (ouabain 141 +/- 56 ms; autonomic blockade 132 +/- 45 ms; difference not significant). The effects of ouabain were similar in patients with both normal and abnormal sinus nodal function. These findings suggest that (1) digitalis in therapeutic doses has a depressant effect on intrinsic sinus nodal automaticity in patients with normal as well as abnormal sinus nodal function; (2) digitalis has no significant effects on sinoatrial conduction; and (3) the effects of digitalis on sinus nodal automaticity are primary and independent of its vagal and antiadrenergic effects. PMID- 7282560 TI - Atrial flutter. PMID- 7282561 TI - Episodic drug treatment in the management of paroxysmal arrhythmias. PMID- 7282562 TI - Silent myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7282564 TI - Atrial myxoma with coronary aneurysmal dilatation. PMID- 7282563 TI - Intracavitary electrogram in right ventricular infarction. PMID- 7282566 TI - The epithelium of the excretory duct of the human submandibular gland: a transmission and scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The duct of the human submandibular gland (Wharton) is lined by a pseudostratified epithelium consisting of principal and basal cells. Scattered among them are a few goblet and ciliated cells. The principal cells are columnar in shape with many mitochondria, numerous dense bodies and a central nucleus with some indentations. Their apical cytoplasm shows a number of clear vesicles, some of which are reactive to silver and are extruded by exocytosis into the lumen. Other vesicles, which are unreactive, may represent the products of the absorption process. A mechanism of apocrine secretion is also observed in the principal cells. Thus, with regard to its functions, the duct of the human submandibular gland modifies the composition of saliva by adding a secretory component to it. This latter material is derived from the goblet cells but chiefly from merocrine (exocytosis) and apocrine secretion of principal cells. PMID- 7282565 TI - Effects of glucagon on hepatic glycogen and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. AB - The action of glucagon on hepatic glycogen and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) was studied in samples of liver taken sequentially from anesthetized rats. The physiological state of each animal was assessed by continuously monitoring aortic blood pressure and blood lactatepyruvate ratios. High hepatic glycogen levels were established by using 10--12 hr fasted control-fed rats infused continuously with glucose. In rats receiving glucose only, hepatic glycogen levels remained above 5.0% during the 4-hr period of glucose administration. Centrilobular hepatocytes displayed an abundance of glycogen which often appeared dispersed with elements of SER between the glycogen particles. Periportal cells had dense clumps of glycogen with few vesicles of SER restricted to the periphery of the glycogen masses. The addition of glucagon to the glucose infusate caused a marked stimulation of glycogenolysis. In these rats, the hepatic glycogen level (X +/- SE) was 6.74 +/- .15% 1 hr after glucose and declined after initiation of glucagon infusion as follows: 5.86 +/- .29% (15 min), 4.89 +/- .26% (1 hr), 2.16 +/- .40% (2 hr), and 1.66 +/- .29% (3 hr). The fine structure of hepatocytes showed a dramatic response to the administration of glucagon. The glycogen regions of the cells were noticeably decreased in size and number of glycogen granules 3 hr after initiation of glucagon infusion, and SER was abundant in both periportal and centrilobular hepatocytes. The interpretation offered is that glucagon induces the formation of new SER membranes which participate in glycogen breakdown and/or glucose release from hepatocytes. PMID- 7282567 TI - Structural changes of the head components of the rat spermatid during late spermiogenesis. AB - The transformation of the nucleus, acrosomic system, and peri-nuclear theca (perforatorium and post-acrosomal dense lamina) was analyzed during the maturation phase, i.e., steps 14 to 19 of spermiogenesis. Following partial condensation of chromatin from steps 11-14, the nucleus continues to condense during the following steps until the end of spermiogenesis. The redundant nuclear envelope which forms along the apical and ventral aspects of the nucleus and around the implantation fossa regresses during steps 17-19. The acrosomic system splits into two portions early in step 15 to give rise to: a) the main portion with its crest-like acrosome running along the dorsal aspect of the nucleus and head cap extending over the lateral surfaces of the nucleus: and b) a smaller head-cap segment which is seen in steps 15 and 16 along one side of the nucleus at its apical extremity. This separated head-cap segment reaches the apical ventral aspect of the head during step 17 and condenses in synchrony with the rest of the acrosomic system in step 19 of spermiogenesis. The large crescentic acrosome, which in step 15 forms a large fin at the caudal extremity of the acrosomic apparatus, moves anteriorly during steps 16 and 17, while the whole acrosomic system extends farther apically beyond the tip of the nucleus. The perforatorium and post-acrosomal dense lamina form a rigid capsule (perinuclear theca) that covers tightly the sickle-shaped nucleus and binds the inner acrosomal membrane and the post-acrosomal membranes. The post-acrosomal dense lamina, which includes the ventral spur, appears early in step 15 as a dense cytoplasmic layer applied to the nuclear envelope at the caudal extremity of the nucleus except over the perifossal zone. The perforatorium forms during step 19 of spermiogenesis as a result of the condensation of a wispy cytoplasmic material which has accumulated in the subacrosomal space during steps 14-18. Thus the spermatid's head is deeply modified during the maturation phase and takes its definitive shape only at the last step of spermiogenesis. PMID- 7282569 TI - The surface topography of the colonic crypt in rabbit and monkey. AB - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the epithelial topography of the surface and crypt in rabbit and monkey colon. Crypt openings in monkey colon are arranged in a hexagonal pattern, in sharp contrast to rabbit colon where they are randomly arrayed and frequently hidden by epithelial folds. Crypt lumens were exposed by freezing ethanol-dehydrated tissue in liquid nitrogen and fracturing the tissue with a razor blade. The resulting overview of crypt-cell luminal surfaces showed that as columnar cells mature and migrate up the crypt and onto the colonic surface, their microvilli become progressively more abundant. Goblet cells were readily identified in the cross-fractured crypt epithelium; their luminal surfaces are characterized by short, sparse microvilli. The changing appearance of the luminal surface of goblet cells was visualized by SEM during the exocytosis of single mucous granules from unstimulated crypt goblet cells, and during the compound exocytosis of multiple granules in response to acetylcholine. PMID- 7282568 TI - Fetal and neonatal rat intestinal capillaries: a TEM study of changes in the mural structure. AB - The development of intestinal mucosal capillaries was studied in Wistar rats from the fourteenth day of gestation through the second postnatal day with the transmission electron microscope. The microvessels develop first as continuous capillaries without a basal lamina and become fenestrated during later stages of gestation. In the thickened areas of the cytoplasm of endothelial cells at early stages, there is a paucity of pinocytotic vesicles; but some vesicles are observed which are larger than those in the adult. Later in gestation these larger vesicles can still be seen, but the frequency of their occurrence decreases with the maturation of the vessels. The intercellular junctions vary in length and shape, and the space between the outer leaflets of the apposed cell membranes is usually 20 nm. Surrounding the abluminal surface of the endothelium, the incipient basal lamina appears attenuated and incomplete until at least the second day of neonatal life. PMID- 7282570 TI - Glycoprotein synthesis in the mucous cells of the vascularly perfused rat stomach. III. Mucous cells of the antrum and the duodenal glands. AB - Labeled leucine, serine, galactose, glucosamine, fucose, and sulfate were administered to rat stomachs in a vascular perfusion system. Sections of gastric fundus and antrum, and of the duodenal glands, were studied by light-microscopic autoradiography. The rate of incorporation of radioactive label in the various mucous cell types of the antrum and of the duodenal glands was measured by counting the silver grains over each cell type and comparing this rate with that of the surface mucous cells of the fundus. The following major observations were made: The patterns of incorporation in the mucous cells on the surface and in the pits of the antrum did not differ essentially from those of the surface mucous cells of the fundus. On the contrary, the incorporation patterns of the surface mucous cells of the fundus differed considerably from those of the mucous cells of the antral glands and from the mucous cells of the duodenal glands. The mucous cells of the antral glands showed a lower incorporation rate of amino acids and of (amino) sugars, especially of galactose and glucosamine, but a higher incorporation rate of sulfate. The mucous cells of the duodenal glands showed a considerably higher rate of incorporation for serine, but a lower rate for glucosamine. No differences were seen for leucine, galactose, and sulfate. The relatively low synthetic activity of the mucous cells of antral glands correlates well with the various amounts of RER, Golgi system, and secretory granules, found in these cells, and with the histochemical staining characteristics of their mucous granules. The mucous cells of the duodenal glands are characterized by typical parallel arrays of their numerous RER cisternae and by a low number of small secretory granules. PMID- 7282571 TI - Hormonal effects on the contractile apparatus of the myometrium. AB - The effect of estradiol-17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P) on the structure of myofilaments of the smooth muscle of the myometrium of cats was studied by electron microscopy. Animals which had been ovariectomized for at least four weeks were divided into three treatment groups. Group I received no additional treatment. Group II animals were treated for 14 days with E2, and Group III animals were treated for 14 days with E2 and then with E2 and P. The smooth muscle of the uterus of Group I animals displayed a single array of thin (less than 10nm) filaments only. Group II animals displayed in all cases a double array of thick (14-16 nm) filaments, whereas Group III exhibited a single array of thin (6-8 nm) filaments only. These results suggest that E2 induces assembly of thick filaments in ovariectomized cats while P promotes thick filament disassembly. It is suggested that this alteration of the structure of the thick filament may be involved in the mechanism by which these hormones alter the contractile activity of the myometrium during estrus, pregnancy, and at parturition. PMID- 7282572 TI - The ultrastructure of the atrioventricular junctional tissues in the newborn ferret heart. AB - In this study the structure of the atrioventricular (AV) node and bundle in the newborn ferret heart was examined by light and electron microscopy. At the light microscopic level the AV node could be subdivided into deep and superficial portions. Electron microscopy revealed that both superficial and deep AV nodal cells were characterized by a paucity of myofibrils, desmosomes, fasciae adherentes and gap junctions. Deep V nodal cells, however, had more surface specializations than did superficial AV nodal cells. In both subdivisions the constituent cells were ellipsoid with tapering end-processes. In contrast to the nodal cells, the newborn AV bundle cells were round to ovoid. The AV bundle cells were organized into large fascicles, and there was a high frequency of anastomosing intercommunication between fascicles. These bundle cells had few myofibrils and high incidence of apposed plasma membrane. The present morphological findings support the concept that there are significant postnatal morphological changes that occur in the region of the AV junction. These results are also consistent with findings in other species that AV nodal conduction time is similar in newborns and adults, while conduction through the AV bundle increases with age. PMID- 7282573 TI - Osteoclast formation in vitro from bone marrow mononuclear cells in osteoclast free bone. AB - Recent evidence points to the fact that osteoclasts are derived from mononuclear cells of hematopoietic bone marrow. In this study we have examined the formation of osteoclasts from mononuclear cells in vitro. The mononuclear cells were isolated after 7 days from cultures of mouse bone marrow cells. The isolated cells were co-cultured with osteoclast-free, fetal-mouse calvaria. After 10 to 14 days of co-culture, multinucleated cells which have all the characteristics of osteoclasts were found in juxtaposition to seams of woven bone. These data strongly suggest that bone marrow mononuclear cells, when suitably induced, can give rise to osteoclasts in vitro. PMID- 7282574 TI - Phobias. PMID- 7282575 TI - Hypnotic responsitivity and the treatment of flying phobia. PMID- 7282576 TI - Hypnotherapy for flight phobia. PMID- 7282578 TI - Hypnotherapy for a phobia of slugs: a case report. PMID- 7282577 TI - Rapid treatment of contamination phobia with hand-washing compulsion by flooding with hypnosis. PMID- 7282579 TI - Treatment of a phobia for dead birds: a case report. PMID- 7282580 TI - Phobia of bovine sounds. PMID- 7282581 TI - Use of a science fiction-based imagery technique in child hypnosis. PMID- 7282582 TI - Hypnosis and oral temperature: not correlated. PMID- 7282583 TI - The production of warts by suggestion as a cultural phenomenon. PMID- 7282584 TI - Hypnotic treatment of a kidney dialysis patient. PMID- 7282586 TI - Hysterical seizures and hypnotherapy. PMID- 7282585 TI - Hysterical dysphonia: hypnotic treatment of a ten-year-old female. PMID- 7282587 TI - Income matched black-white hemoglobin differences after correction for low transferrin saturations. AB - As shown in 3321 age-matched pairs of black and white participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES I) the magnitude of difference in hemoglobin approximates 0.73 g/dl both before and after exclusion of low transferrin saturation values (i.e., equal to or less than 15%). These new income-matched, age-matched comparisons of individuals of the same sex provide a useful estimate of the magnitude of the hemoglobin difference between American blacks and whites. PMID- 7282588 TI - Suggested sex and age appropriate values for "low" and "deficient" hemoglobin levels. AB - New values for "deficient" and "low" Hb have been calculated as the smoothed 5th and the 15th percentiles for white males and females included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). With separate tabulations for 18.389 white individuals contained in this data base and for 12,320 with transferrin saturation values of 16% and above, these new values have the advantage of being fully age-specific, based upon a single source of hematological data and providing quantitative definitions of "low" and "deficient." PMID- 7282589 TI - Influence of carbohydrate intake soon plasma sorbitol concentration in normal subjects. AB - Nine healthy volunteers received either a normal diet or an isocaloric diet of which the carbohydrate content was reduced to 5% of the total caloric intake. Within 2 days of administration of the carbohydrate-poor diet, the concentration of sorbitol in plasma was decreased by 1.6 +/- 0.2 microM below the initial value (4.1 +/- 0.4 microM). When the subjects were returned to the normal diet, a reascension in plasma sorbitol concentration ws observed within 1 or 2 days. It is proposed tht, in normal subjects, the sorbitol concentration in plasma depends on and can be used as an indication of the carbohydrate intake. PMID- 7282590 TI - A specific dietary zinc requirement for the growth of Walker 256/M1 tumor in the rat. AB - To determine the specific effect of zinc status on the growth of Walker 256/M1 carcinosarcomas young male rats were pair-fed either a control or zinc-deficient diet for 14 days, were implanted with tumors and killed 7 days later. Half of the deficient rats were repleted with zinc for the 7 days after tumor implantation. In deficient rats, tumor weights were decreased 70% (p less than 0.005), tumor necrosis was 3-fold greater (p less than 0.05) and tumor zinc concentrations were decreased 23 to 37% (p less than 0.005). A specific zinc effect was observed by a 2-fold increase in tumor weights in repleted rats (p less than 0.05) with marked decreases in tumor necrosis (p less than 0.05) and 29 to 84% increases in tumor zinc concentrations (p less than 0.005). Since there were no decreases in organ weights of zinc-deficient animals and no correlation between final tumor weights and postimplant changes in carcass weights, the results indicate a specific inhibitory effect of zinc deficiency independent of a nonspecific malnutrition. PMID- 7282592 TI - Urinary chromium excretion during pregnancy and its relationship with intravenous glucose loading. AB - This study was conducted to investigate the changes in urinary chromium excretion in the different stages of pregnancy and the effect of intravenous glucose tolerance test on urinary excretion of chromium in late pregnancy. Urine samples were collected from pregnant women cross-sectionally and longitudinally in different stages of pregnancy. Urinary chromium excretion before and after intravenous glucose tolerance test was also determined in nine women in their 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The results can be summarized as: 1) mean chromium/creatinine ratio in urine increased significantly with advancing pregnancy, 2) in late pregnancy, with the exception of one subject, urinary chromium/creatinine ratio showed a decrease after intravenous glucose tolerance test. The results obtained in this study have led us to conclude that the habitual dietary intake does not meet the increased chromium requirement and that prophylaxis may be of benefit and appears to be advisable in pregnancy. PMID- 7282591 TI - The effect of dietary zinc on intestinal copper absorption. AB - Everted duodenal segments, tied into sacs, taken from animals fed different amounts of zinc were used to investigate the antagonistic effect of dietary zinc on copper absorption. The intestinal segments taken from animals fed low amounts of zinc transferred more copper from a nutrient medium across the mucosal cells than did intestines from rats fed high levels of zinc. The mucosal cells from animals fed low amounts of zinc retained less copper than the cells from animals fed high amounts of the element. This retained copper was bound to a protein fraction having a molecular weight similar to that of metallothionein. The data suggest that zinc exerts its antagonistic effect by inducing the synthesis of a copper-binding ligand, probably a thionein, in the mucosal cells which sequesters copper from the nutrient medium, making it unavailable for serosal transfer. This may be a possible mechanism by which dietary zinc decreases copper absorption and leads to a decreased copper status. PMID- 7282595 TI - Racial differences of hemoglobin concentration: measurements of iron, copper, and zinc. AB - Nutritional surveys have demonstrated that Hb levels in blacks are consistently lower than in whites. This difference does not appear to be related to socioeconomic dietary differences, or differences of hereditary disorders such as sickle cell disease. We studied 47 black and 63 white subjects drawn from hospital employees. Mean Hb of black men was 0.9 g/dl less than that of white men. Mean Hb of black women was 0.5 g/dl less than that of white women. This difference was not associated with differences of serum iron, iron binding capacity, or transferrin saturation. Ferritin values of white women were significantly less than values observed in white men, but similar differences were not observed between black men and women. The explanation for this is unclear although may be related to sample size or differences of menstrual status. Copper levels were lower in white men than in any other group, and zinc levels were essentially similar between racial groups. The red blood cells of blacks were also smaller than those of whites. This difference could not be explained by disordered Hb synthesis. These observations confirm that Hb concentrations in both black men and women are lower than in their white counterparts. This difference cannot be explained by differences in iron, copper, or zinc nutriture. Further, measurements of Hb in nutritional survey populations reflect iron status as only one of several variables and should not be used as the only assessment of iron nutrition. PMID- 7282594 TI - Hemoglobin iron absorption kinetics in the iron-deficient dog. AB - In the absorption of Hb iron (HbFe), heme is separated from globin in the intestinal lumen and enters mucosal cells where Fe is split off and transported to blood. Previous studies indicated that this final step is the limiting one in absorption of HbFe in normal and Fe loaded animals but not in Fe-deficient animals. The present studies were designed to determine the limiting step in absorption of HbFe in Fe-deficient dogs. Varying Amounts of 59Fe labeled Hb were injected into closed duodenal loops in anesthetized dogs. Each step in the absorptive process was measured: intralumenal separation of the heme from Hb; mucosal uptake of heme; intramucosal splitting of Fe from heme; transport of Fe to blood. This process was characterized using a five compartment kinetic model. The resulting seven rate constants were determined to best describe the observed absorption data. Results show: 1) with increasing dose of 59HbFe, mucosal uptake of heme, Fe split from heme in mucosa, and Fe transported to blood all increase linearly. 2) Mucosal 59Fe-heme accumulates over the 3-hour period while 59Fe does not, indicating rapid transport of 59Fe split from heme. These results suggest that the rate limiting step in absorption of HbFe in Fe-deficient dogs is the splitting of Fe from heme in the mucosa. PMID- 7282593 TI - Mineralization of different bones in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: study on the concentration of eight minerals. AB - Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was studied in male and female rats weighing 188 and 145 g, respectively, at the start of the experiment. After 79 days in the diabetic condition the weights and lengths of different bones were less in the diabetic rats than in two nondiabetic control groups, i.e., ad libitum fed and a group restricted in food intake to achieve the same body weight as the diabetic rats. The concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and sodium were similar in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, whereas the concentrations of iron and zinc were higher in the diabetic rats. Results for the concentration of potassium, magnesium, and chromium showed a less uniform pattern between groups and between males and females. It is concluded that the length and weight of bones in diabetic rats are less than nondiabetic rats of the same body weight. This results in a lower total amount of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chromium. This observation was similar in all three bones studied. Therefore, prolonged streptozotocin-induced diabetes does interfere with the normal pattern of bone mineralization. PMID- 7282596 TI - Effect of vitamin E on prothrombin levels in warfarin-induced vitamin K deficiency. AB - Rats rendered lightly vitamin K deficient with warfarin (0.01 mg/100 g, IP) and given the equivalent of 1000 units of vitamin E/kg IM for 7 days, showed a marked reduction in functional factor II activity, but normal factor II levels using Echis venom on coagulation analysis. In 12 humans receiving warfarin, vitamin E was administered in doses of 100 or 400 units/day orally for 4 wk. The results in these patients showed no significant change in the prothrombin time, factor II coagulant activity, or factor II antigen (by electroimmunoassay). However, by using a ratio of factor II coagulant activity to immunoreactive protein, significant reduction was observed when compared to pretreatment ratios. These data suggest that vitamin E acts at the step mediated by vitamin K and not in the synthesis of the factor II precursor. Although the administration of high doses of vitamin E in animals, and possibly humans, with vitamin K deficiency potentiates the vitamin K deficiency, this effect is not clinically obvious with 400 IU/day or less. PMID- 7282598 TI - Lack of effect on mental efficiency of extra vitamin C. AB - Twenty men (mean age 21 yr) took part in a double-blind cross-over trial to compare psychomotor performance when plasma vitamin C levels were high (16.28 +/- 3.75 mg/l) owing to supplementation, with times when levels were low (6.15 +/- 3.88 mg/l). Subjects were tested at 0730, 1130, and 1900 h by an hour-long auditory vigilance test to assess alertness, a digit-symbol substitution task to test short-term memory, and a memory-for-digits test to measure immediate memory. No significant differences were found on these measures of performance, nor was there any change in their subjectively rated sheep quality, alertness, concentration, or mood. PMID- 7282599 TI - The content, binding, and forms of vitamin B12 in milk. AB - The vitamin B12 (cobalamin, Cbl) content of 19 human milks ranged from 0.33 to 3.20 ng/ml, mean 0.97 ng/ml. The milk content of 10 mothers taking 5 to 100 micrograms of supplemental cyanocobalamin daily was not significantly different from that of unsupplemented mothers. The Cbl native to milk was bound to an R type binder. The R binder was also the dominant, by far, unsaturated Cbl binder, but transcobalamin II was found in every milk. The amounts of transcobalamin II were of the same order of magnitude as in serum and seemed to increase with the interval postpartum. Methylcobalamin was the most abundant Cbl of milk. Human milk from well fed mothers contains adequate amounts of Cbl, but the Cbl may become available only if there are sufficient proteolytic enzymes to release it from binding to R binder. PMID- 7282597 TI - Transport mechanisms for ascorbic acid in the human placenta. AB - The mechanisms for ascorbic acid transport were investigated in samples of human placenta obtained from normal term pregnancies. Results suggest that at very high ascorbic acid concentrations this vitamin may cross the placenta by simple diffusion. However, at lower ascorbic acid concentrations the predominant form of transport is carrier mediated and energy dependent. The energy used in the transport process can be derived from either glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, the transport system also requires the presence of sodium and of Na+-K+-dependent ATPase activity. PMID- 7282602 TI - Nutrient intake, adiposity, plasma total cholesterol, and blood pressure of rural participants in the (Vermont) Nutrition Program for Older Americans (Title III). AB - The interrelationships of obesity, hypertension, elevated plasma cholesterol (risk factors), and intakes of selected nutrients were examined among elderly subjects attending a congregate meal program in Vermont. Mean nutrient intakes were significantly higher for 22 males compared to 69 females. Mean plasma cholesterol levels were higher in females. Age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and indices of adiposity showed no sex differences. Intakes of total fat and animal protein increased in males but plasma cholesterol decreased with age. Systolic blood pressure in females increased while body mass index decreased with age. A higher proportion of females had plasma cholesterol levels greater than or equal 260 mg/100 ml and a higher proportion of females than males greater than 73 yr of age had blood pressures at risk level. There was a greater proportion of females than males with both elevated plasma cholesterol levels and adiposity. Similarly the females had greater incidence of the combination of any two risks. No males, compared to 9% of females, were in the all three risk category. PMID- 7282601 TI - Vitamin B6 status of low-income adolescent and adult pregnant women and the condition of their infants at birth. AB - The vitamin B6 status of 127 low-income pregnant adolescent and adult women was assessed at two stages of pregnancy and related to the condition of the infant at birth. The mean dietary intake of vitamin B6 for a subsample of 57 of the subjects at the initial prenatal clinic visit was 1.37 +/- 1.02 mg (mean +/- SD). The mean stimulation of erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was 34.8 +/- 21.1% at the first clinic visit and 29.4 +/- 14.5% for a subsample of 30 subjects at the 30th wk of pregnancy. Apgar scores of infants whose mothers had high erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase stimulation values (greater than 25%) were significantly lower (p less than or equal to 0.05) than infants whose mothers had normal erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase stimulation values (less than or equal to 25%). These data indicate a vitamin B6 deficiency at two stages of pregnancy in these low-income adolescent and adult women and lower Apgar scores in infants whose mothers were vitamin B6 deficient than those with adequate vitamin B6 status. PMID- 7282604 TI - Relationship of weight loss and cigarette smoking to changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. AB - To determine the effect of weight loss on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), we measured serum HDL-C as well as total cholesterol and triglycerides in 65 subjects 56 women and 9 men, mean age 41.1 +/- 1.5 (+/- SEM yr) before and after a weight reduction program. At entry into the program there was a significant correlation between HDL-C and several indices of overweight- relative weight, body mass index and sum of skinfold thickness. For all subjects, despite a significant weight loss of 4.5 kg or 5.8% of initial body weight and significant decrease in sum of skinfold thickness, there was no significant increase in HDL-C or correlation between changes in HDL-C and change in body weight or skinfold thickness. For women, but not men, a weak negative correlation between change in HDL-C and change in weight or percentage change in weight was observed. However, in the subset of women who were current cigarette smokers a significant (p less than 0.01) correlation was observed between change in HDL-C and change in weight (r = -0.876) and percentage change in weight (r = -0.881). Thus a modest weight loss is not usually associated with a significant increase in serum HDL-C concentration except in cigarette smoking women. PMID- 7282600 TI - The blood-brain barrier and folate deficiency. AB - Twenty-three patients (average age: 63.2 +/- 14.9 (x +/- SEM) ranging from 28 to 83 yr) with low or borderline cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) folate and low serum underwent two lumbar punctures, i.e., before and after 3 wk of folate therapy. The rise in CSF folate content in the whole group after the replacement therapy was significant by both the Lactobacillus casei and radioisotope methods of folate determination. In patients with folate-responsive neurological disorders, the rise of CSF values after replacement therapy was definitely higher than in the group of patients in whom folate deficiency was not related to the actual clinical picture. Contrary to previous statements, the present study revealed that there is not an absolute blood-brain barrier for folate because the lower the CSF folate level was, the more rapid and spectacular the increase in CSF folate after replacement therapy was found. PMID- 7282603 TI - The effect of various intakes of omega 3 fatty acids on the blood lipid composition in healthy human subjects. AB - In a study with 52 healthy volunteers, the effect of different amounts of omega 3 fatty acids on the blood lipid composition was investigated. Doses of 1.4, 2.3, 4.1, and 8.2 g of omega 3 fatty acids were administered to these subjects daily over a period of 4 wk. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total triglycerides, and glucose were determined in blood serum and hemoglobin in whole blood in all individuals before, during, and after the intake of omega 3 fatty acids. In pooled serum samples, the lipoprotein composition and the fatty acid composition of blood lipids were determined. All dosages caused a shift in the fatty acid composition of blood serum lipids in a favor of omega 3 fatty acids and at the expense of omega 6 and/or omega 9 acids. In the sterol esters, only the percentage of C20:5 omega 3 increased. Maximum shifts depended on the amount of omega 3 acids ingested and were evident within 1 to 2 wk. Two wk after the last ingestion of omega 3 acids, the fatty acid composition of blood serum lipids had returned to the original state. In the groups receiving 8.2 of omega 3 fatty acids, there was a significant decrease in serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein levels, which is in accord with earlier observations. In the other parameters, including cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, no decrease or increase was observed. PMID- 7282605 TI - Intrauterine growth and adipose tissue development. AB - Body fat mass (BFM), skinfold thickness (ST), and fat cell weight (FCW) have been studied in 86 newborn infants with different maturity and different intrauterine growth, and in parabiotic twins. Preterm infants (35.5 +/- 0.4 wk) with body weight appropriate for gestational age had lower values of BFM and sum of ST as compared to the control group, without differences in FCW (0.23 +/- 0.03 versus 0.22 +/- 0.02 micrograms). In infants born between 30 and 41 wk of gestation with body weights at birth appropriate for gestational age, ST and BFM progressively increase with gestational age, while the FCW remains constant. These observations suggest that fat mass growth in the last 2 months of fetal life, essentially depends on fat cell replication. In full-term large-for-date babies, bFM resulted significantly greater than in controls both in absolute values (p less than 0.001) and in percentage values of total body weight (p less than 0.001). The FCW in large for date newborns resulted significantly greater than in controls (0.50 +/- 0.06 versus 0.22 +/- 0.2 micrograms, p less than 0.001). In full-term small for-date newborns BFM, ST, and FCW resulted significantly lower than in controls (p less than 0.001). In full-term newborns with different body weight at birth, fat cell weight was correlated to BFM (r = 0.67; p less than 0.01), to BFM as percentage of body weight (r = 0.67; p less than 0.001) and to ST (r = 0.73; p less than 0.001). In three couples of identical parabiotic twins, the larger baby of every pair showed even greater values of BFM, ST, and FCW and fat cell weight than the respective sibling. These observations suggest that in newborns with different intrauterine growth, a different triglyceride content in single adipocytes largely explains the variations in fat mass development. PMID- 7282606 TI - Urinary steroid metabolites and the overgrowth of lean and fat tissues in obese girls. AB - Studies were made of steroid metabolites excreted in the urine of 17 obese girls 11.4 to 16.8 yr and 17 normal girls 11 to 17 yr. Creatinine excretion (muscle mass), total body water (or deuterium space), lean body mass and body fat were determined in the obese girls. Extracellular volume (corrected bromide space) was also measured and by difference with body water, intracellular water or soft tissue cell mass was calculated. In normal girls 24-h creatinine excretion was determined, but body water was predicted from height and weight. It was found, as in previous studies, that the obese girls had excess muscle mass and soft tissue cell mass for height. The excess growth of muscle, lean tissue, and body length in obese girls correlated with increments in oxosteroid (17 ketosteroid) excretion. The overall weight increase correlated with increased excretion of corticosteroid metabolites--a finding of interest since a physiological Cushing's syndrome was postulated for fat girls many years ago. When the normal and obese girls were divided by age at 14 yr and the subgroups compared (normal obese) the younger girls showed differences with respect to height, weight, total body water, fat and percentage fat. Differences in steroid metabolites were not found. In older girls the same findings were made again, but here it was clear that the increments in body size, particularly muscle mass, correlated with augmented oxosteroid excretion. Evidence is cited that these findings are not just related to a larger steroid pool in obese girls. PMID- 7282607 TI - The effect of the menstrual cycle on patterns of food intake. AB - The dietary intakes of eight human females were obtained by interview each day for 60 days to determine whether the menstrual cycle affected patterns of food intake. The study was double blind in the sense that the subjects did not know its purpose, while the interviewer did not know the timing of their cycles. Mean differences in calorie intake between 10 preovulation and 10 postovulation days were calculated. For cycle one the difference was 504 (SD = 219) and for cycle two, 496 (SD = 378) cal/day, with the postovulation food intakes being higher in calories. A dependent t test was performed and these differences were found to be significant at p less than 0.0004 for cycle one and p less than 0.008 for cycle two. The evidence indicates that women eat more food per day during the 10 days after they ovulate than during the 10 days before. PMID- 7282608 TI - Energy expenditure and fat-free mass in men and women. AB - Energy expenditure was measured by direct calorimetry in 15 men and women aged 22 to 55. There were fifty-nine 24-h measurements under quiet, not basal, conditions of sedentary activity with 8 h of sleep at night, regular meals, and food intake adjusted to match individual expenditures. Fat-free mass was calculated from body density determined from underwater weight. Energy expenditure over a whole day and night varied directly with fat-free mass, with a correlation coefficient, r, of 0.95 (p less than 0.001); neither age nor sex affected the relationship. During sleep alone, energy expenditure also correlated highly with fat-free mass (r = 0.93). Energy expenditure also correlated with body surface area (r = 0.90), but men and women showed regression lines with different slopes. Metabolism from indirect calorimetry, measured simultaneously, correlated nearly as well with fat free mass and surface area but showed more variability. The close correlation between 24-h energy expenditure and fat-free mass contrasts favorably with the imprecise prediction of basal metabolic rate according to age, sex, and surface area, and supports the idea that active tissue mass determines daily energy expenditure. PMID- 7282609 TI - Energy expenditure in prepubescent children: influence of sex and age. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between energy expenditure and speed for 6-and 7-yr-old children and to compare these data to published data for adults. Eight subjects (n = four boys, four girls) completed three treadmill tests at 67, 94, and 127.5 m . min-1 (k = 12 trials for the boys, 12 trials for the girls). Heart rate was monitored continuously and oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were determined at each speed in order to estimate caloric expenditure. Sex differences were observed in the metabolic and heart rate responses to exercise. In comparison to the females, the energy expenditure (kcal . min-1) was 16 (p less than 0.05), 11 (p greater than 0.05) and 14 (p less than 0.05) percent higher for the males at the slow, medium, and fast speeds, respectively. Additionally, heart rate was 13 beats . min-1 lower (p less than 0.05) for the males at a speed of 94 m . min-1. Differences in kcal . kg . min-1 between children and adults were observed (children higher). In contrast to adults' linear increase in energy expenditure with increasing speed, a curvilinear pattern was observed for prepubescent children. It was concluded that these sex and age effects must be considered when attempting to quantify children's daily energy expenditure and caloric requirements. PMID- 7282610 TI - The role of dietary carbohydrates in muscle glycogen resynthesis after strenuous running. AB - This study examined the effect of the type, amount, and the frequency of feeding of carbohydrates on muscle glycogen resynthesis after running. Trained male runners performed a 16.1 km run at 80% VO2 max to decrease gastrocnemius glycogen levels. A complex or simple carbohydrate diet (approximately 3000 kcal) resulted in similar muscle glycogen levels 24 h after exercise. Forty-eight hours after exercise the complex carbohydrate diet resulted in significantly higher (p less than 0.05) muscle glycogen levels. Consuming increasing amounts of carbohydrate, between 88 to 648 g carbohydrate/day, resulted in increasingly larger amounts of muscle glycogen resynthesis (24 h) after exercise. Frequent feedings of a high carbohydrate diet did not enhance muscle glycogen synthesis when compared to equal amounts of carbohydrates in two meals. It appears that muscle glycogen can be normalized between daily strenuous running activity. PMID- 7282611 TI - Effects of osmolality of liquid nutrient diets on plasma equilibration of water and carbohydrate in Yucatan miniature swine. AB - Osmolality of a liquid diet was varied from 250 to 700 mOsm/kg by altering the amount of sucrose and corn syrup solids, while maintaining the same level of calories, protein, and electrolytes. The appearance of 3H and 14C in blood plasma were monitored during a 4-h period after pigs voluntarily consumed one of five diets labeled with 3H2O and U-14C-sucrose. Plasma osmolality and sodium and potassium concentrations in plasma did not differ among the diets. Postprandial plasma glucose concentration response to the diets varied both between and within treatments. The rates of radioactive tracer appearance in plasma suggest that water and carbohydrate absorption were accelerated with increasing osmolality of diet up to 700 mOsm/kg. PMID- 7282612 TI - Effects of osmolality of liquid nutrient diets on meal passage and nutrient absorption in Yucatan miniature swine. AB - The effects of varying the osmolality of liquid nutrient diets on the absorption of water, electrolytes, and carbohydrate from the small intestine were studied in Yucatan miniature swine. Pigs were killed and their gastrointestinal contents recovered at either 30 or 60 min after consuming liquid diets adjusted to 340, 450, 540, or 700 mOsm/kg and labeled with 3H2O, 22NaCl, U--14C-sucrose, and 51Cr EDTA as a passage marker. Intragastric dilution and gastric emptying were not effected by diet osmolality. Gastric contents of all pigs converged toward 450 mOsm/kg, and osmolality of small intestine contents did not differ between diets. The absorption of carbohydrate, water, sodium, and potassium from jejunal contents increased with increasing osmolality of the diets. The rates of appearance of 3H, 22Na, and 14C in plasma also increased with increasing diet osmolality. These findings suggest that moderately hyperosmotic liquid diets may be beneficial, as compared with isoosmotic diets. PMID- 7282613 TI - The effects of nutritional supplementation on physical growth of children at risk of malnutrition. PMID- 7282614 TI - Protein digestibility and protein quality of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) fed alone and with maize, in adult humans using a short-term nitrogen balance assay. AB - Various experiments using young human adults were carried out to measure the protein digestibility of common beans, fed alone and in different forms and fed together with maize as tortillas. In all, 36 young men were used. Common bean protein digestibility was significantly lower than that observed from meat, and similar to the digestibility of a textured vegetable protein soy protein product. It was also observed that forms of consumption may affect protein digestibility of beans. Using a short-term multiple intake protein quality assay method, it was found that feeding beans alone, N equilibrium was reached with an intake of 114 mg N/kg/day, while when fed with maize in a 87:13 ratio, N equilibrium was reached with 98 mg N/kg/day. This was attributed to both a complementary protein effect and an increase in protein digestibility. PMID- 7282615 TI - Effect of aspartame and sucrose loading in glutamate-susceptible subjects. AB - It has been postulated that individuals reporting an idiosyncratic symptom response after glutamate ingestion might also experience such symptoms after aspartame ingestion. Such sensitive subjects might have been missed in earlier studies of aspartame. In the present study, six subjects reporting various symptoms after glutamate ingestion, but not after placebo, were administered aspartame (34 mg/kg body weight) or sucrose (1 g/kg body weight) dissolved in orange juice in a randomized, cross-over, double-blind study. No subject reported symptoms typical of a glutamate response after either sucrose or aspartame loading. One subject reported slight nausea approximately 1.5 h after aspartame ingestion, but indicated that the symptoms were not those of a glutamate response. Plasma phenylalanine and aspartate levels were similar to those noted in normal subjects administered identical doses of aspartame. The data indicate no effect of aspartame loading in glutamate-susceptible subjects. PMID- 7282617 TI - The effect of zinc on cellular immunity in chronic uremia. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity to mumps was examined in 25 apparently well-nourished men receiving regular hemodialysis, each of whom had a history of mumps. A positive reaction was observed in eight of nine patients already under therapy with zinc added to the dialysis bath. In contrast, 11 of 16 untreated patients were anergic. Four of the anergic patients were subsequently treated with zinc resulting in restoration of sensitivity in three patients. There were no significant differences in lymphocyte, monocyte, or T-cell counts between the two groups of patients. Consequently, zinc probably acts by improving the function of one or more of these cell types. Protracted zinc deficiency may be a major cause of impaired cellular immunity in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7282616 TI - Ascorbate-mediated stimulation of neutrophil motility and lymphocyte transformation by inhibition of the peroxidase/H2O2/halide system in vitro and in vivo. AB - Neutrophil migration, postphagocytic hexose-monophosphate shunt activity and myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination of ingested Candida albicans and lymphocyte mitogen-induced transformation were assessed in six normal volunteers before and 1 h after a single intravenous injection of 1 g ascorbate. Increased neutrophil motility was observed which was associated with decreased myeloperoxidase mediated iodination of C. albicans and a slight increase in hexose-monophosphate shunt activity. Lymphocyte transformation was also increased. Alterations in these activities were related to serum ascorbate levels. To investigate the relationship of ascorbate-mediated increased neutrophil motility and lymphocyte transformation to decreased peroxidase activity neutrophils and lymphocytes from normal individuals were exposed to the horseradish peroxidase/H2O2/sodium iodide system in the presence and absence of ascorbate and tested for migratory and proliferative responses respectively. Exposure to the horseradish peroxidase/H2O2/halide system caused inhibition of neutrophil motility and lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens. However, inclusion of ascorbate protected both the neutrophils and lymphocytes from the inhibitory effects of the horseradish peroxidase/H2O2/halide system. PMID- 7282618 TI - Serum trace elements and vitamin A in leprosy subtypes. AB - Serum zinc, copper, iron, and vitamin A levels were determined in patients with leprosy and healthy controls. Leprosy patients were classified according to the Ridley and Jopling classification and divided into two main groups as follows: tuberculoid, which consisted mainly of borderline tuberculoid patients and lepromatous, which consisted of borderline lepromatous and true lepromatous patients. The lepromatous group was found to have significantly lower serum levels of zinc and iron and elevated levels of copper. Vitamin A levels were also significantly lower in the lepromatous groups than in the tuberculoid group. Furthermore, the true lepromatous vitamin A determinations were significantly lower than those of the borderline lepromatous patients. The mechanism of these alterations in trace elements is probably due to a redistribution of these metals from the blood to various tissues; brought about by the release of leucocyte endogenous mediators by continuing phagocytosis of tissue macrophages in the lepromatous group of patients. PMID- 7282619 TI - Comparisons of body fat estimated from total body water and skinfold thicknesses of undernourished men. AB - In 49 chronically undernourished adult males, classified as having mild, intermediate, or severe nutritional compromise, comparisons were made of body fat calculated from total body water with values obtained from triceps and scapular skinfolds. These same comparisons were followed in 19 of the severely undernourished subjects during a 2 1/2-month period of dietary repletion. Results indicate that the correlations between fat estimates obtained from body water and skinfolds are good (r greater than 0.8) in mildly undernourished subjects, but that they are progressively reduced as the nutritional compromise becomes more severe until statistical significance disappears. Dietary repletion of 2 1/2 month duration did not restore a statistically significant relationship between fat and triceps and scapular skinfolds. These data imply that the triceps and scapular skinfolds do not adequately represent body fat in chronically undernourished adult males and that new empirical equations are required which take into account nutritional status and possible shifts in fat deposit sites in chronic undernutrition. PMID- 7282621 TI - Evaluation of a rapid test of dark adaptation. PMID- 7282620 TI - Energy malabsorption: measurement and nutritional consequences. AB - Fecal energy (FE) loss was measured using bomb calorimetry in 30 patients; 14 had a history of malabsorption, while 16 had no history of intestinal dysfunction. Average digestibility (and range) of energy and FE loss were 73% (48 to 91%) and 493 kcal/day (177 to 927 kcal/day) in the group with malabsorption, compared to 96% (89 to 99%) and 74 kcal/day (8 to 146 kcal/day) in the group without malabsorption, respectively. Metabolizable energy supplied by the diet (intake kcal -- (fecal kcal + urinary kcal) was below the calculated daily energy requirement in five of seven patients with malabsorption; in three of these five subjects the combination of decreased energy intake and increased FE loss produced negative energy balance, while in the remaining two patients malabsorption alone caused negative energy balance. Inadequate metabolizable energy in these five patients was associated with weight loss and protein-energy malnutrition. The usual clinical laboratory tests applied to the study of malabsorption, including fecal fat, fecal nitrogen, and stool weight, were poor predictors of FE loss. These tests were also of limited value in assessing the effects of dietary modification on energy malabsorption. Contrastingly, bomb calorimetry provided a simple and accurate alternative in quantitatively assessing FE loss in the patient with malabsorption. PMID- 7282623 TI - Ascariasis and malnutrition: a worm's eye view. PMID- 7282622 TI - The decline in the incidence of hypernatremic dehydration in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7282624 TI - Erythrocyte zinc. PMID- 7282626 TI - Correlations between skinfolds and radiographic fat thicknesses. PMID- 7282625 TI - Comparison of analytical methods for urinary 4-pyridoxic acid. PMID- 7282627 TI - Cervical condylomatous atypia and its relationship to cervical neoplasia. AB - Seven hundred fifty-six consecutive cervical biopsy specimens were obtained for abnormal Pap smear results or abnormality on physical examination to determine the incidence of condylomatous atypia (CLA) and its association with true dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; CIN). Histopathologic criteria for the diagnosis of CLA and its distinction from CIN were developed and are defined and illustrated. Clinicopathologic evaluation disclosed (1) CLA is often overdiagnosed as dysplasia; (2) cervical CLA is often associated with CLN in the same patient and may represent a potential precursor lesion; (3) CLA occurs more frequently than CIN in younger patients; and (4) the mean age of patients with pure CLA is younger than combined CLA-CIN, which is in turn younger than individuals with pure CIN. The results of this study are evaluated in light of induced squamous carcinoma and in view of the known associated of condylomata and cancer of the external genitalia in humans. The results strongly indicate a need to examine the cervical CLA-CIN association with careful epidemiopathologic studies. PMID- 7282628 TI - Laser nephelometry quantitation of fibrinogen-related antigens. AB - A laser nephelometric procedure to quantitate fibrinogen related antigens (FRA), that joined the best characteristics of the immunological available techniques, is proposed. It is sensitive, rapid, simple, reproducible, antiserum saving and accurate since it correlates very well with the tanned red cell hemagglutination inhibition immunoassay (TRCHII) at the most commonly found clinical levels (r = 0.98, p less than 0.0005), but with the advantage of a more objective quantitation and thus, reliable for any concentration of FRA. Prepared samples of different known levels of fibrinogen, assayed with the laser method and the TRCHII, showed a higher correlation with the laser procedure (r = 0.97, p less than 0.0005) than the obtained with the TRCHII (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001). The technic is useful in emergency situations, routine work and research. PMID- 7282630 TI - Transfusion significance of Lewis system antibodies. Success in transfusion with crossmatch-compatible blood. AB - Patients with nonhemolytic Lewis antibodies in the serum were transfused on the basis of major crossmatch compatibility alone. No adverse clinical affects were noted when 33 such patients received a total of 230 transfusions. Considerable savings in technologist time and reagent cost were realized by adopting this policy. Transfusion on the basis of crossmatch compatibility alone did not necessarily result in the selection of Le(a-) and/or Le(b-) blood for patients with corresponding antibodies in the serum. Crossmatch compatibility ratio for patients with anti-Leb in the serum was much higher than expected and was profoundly affected by the ABO group of the donors. PMID- 7282629 TI - Mean platelet volume. The inverse relation of platelet size and count in normal subjects, and an artifact of other particles. AB - We measured whole-blood mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet count, determined by the Coulter Counter model S-Plus, in 683 normal subjects. There was nonlinear, inverse relation between MPV and platelet count throughout the normal range of platelet count: the change in MPV was most pronounced at the lower platelet counts. Because of this non-linear relation, "platelet-crit," the product of platelet count and MPV, was not constant, but varied directly with platelet count. Thus, the definition of "normal" values for MPV requires simultaneous reference to platelet count. In the whole blood of 13 patients, non-platelet cell fragments spuriously increased the automated platelet count. Seven patients with erythrocyte fragmentation had spuriously high MPV also: correct MPV and platelet count could be obtained from platelet rich plasma (PRP). In five patients with leukemic blast fragmentation, MPV remained spuriously low and platelet count spuriously high in PRP: only phase count allowed correct count. A patient with megakaryoblastic leukemia had megakaryoblast fragments confused for platelets. PMID- 7282631 TI - Interstitial nephritis caused by methicillin. Studies in a case complicating staphylococcal sepsis with acute glomerulonephritis. AB - A 16-year-old student was admitted with acute, oliguric renal failure complicating staphylococcal sepsis. During treatment with methicillin drug hypersensitivity was suspected, and antibiotic was changed to vancomycin; by day 19 hemodialysis was discontinued. Renal biopsy showed two pathologic processes: acute exudative glomerulonephritis and widespread tubulointerstitial nephritis. In addition to glomerular immunoglobulin and C'3 deposits, interstitial and focal tubular basement membrane deposits of IgG were seen. Antiserum to DPO (methicillin) haptens localized apparently to the same tubular sites, as did fluorescein-conjugated antibodies from the patient's serum. The data suggest that interstitial nephritis was caused by serum antibodies to methicillin which bound to sites in renal tubules to which methicillin also had fixed. The acute tubulointerstitial nephritis complicated acute oliguric glomerulonephritis of staphylococcal sepsis. PMID- 7282632 TI - Malignant carcinoid tumor complicating chronic ulcerative colitis. AB - A case of malignant carcinoid tumor (neuroendocrine carcinoma) of the cecum is described. The neoplasm arose in a patient who had chronic ulcerative colitis for 16 years. There is no previous documentation of this combination, which is surprising, in view of the known association of colonic adenocarcinomas and lymphomas with ulcerative colitis. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed and it is postulated that ultrastructural examination of poorly differentiated colonic neoplasms may result in a more frequent identification of this association. PMID- 7282633 TI - Clear cell carcinoma in a Mullerian duct cyst. PMID- 7282634 TI - Hygroma cervicis in a 46XY-male stillborn baby. PMID- 7282635 TI - Mitotic activity in benign parathyroid disease. PMID- 7282636 TI - "Adenomatoid" versus "nephrogenic" metaplasia. PMID- 7282637 TI - Introduction to the Report on the Quality Assurance Programs of the College of American Pathologists, 1981. PMID- 7282638 TI - Comparison of viral hepatitis marker test methods based on AABB-CAP survey data. AB - Results on samples tested for HBsAg by third generation methods in laboratories participating in the AABB-CAP Viral Hepatitis Marker Survey show considerable variation in the reactivity of these methods. The RIA and ELIA systems are more sensitive in detecting weakly reactive samples than the RPHA and the LatexTG methods. All of the methods are relatively specific. Results of tests for other viral hepatitis markers indicate that these methods have good sensitivity and specificity. PMID- 7282639 TI - Laboratory monitoring of heparin. Effect of reagents and instruments on the activated partial thromboplastin time. AB - The CAP Hematology Survey of 1979-1980 included specimens with heparin levels between 0.0 and 0.8 U/ml. The results obtained with different reagent-instrument systems in common usage were analyzed. Sensitivity to heparin was dependent upon choice of reagent and did not appear to be influenced by choice of instrument. All systems displayed a loss of precision with increasing APTT which was independent of the choice of reagent. Compared to the photo-optical instruments, the BBL Fibrometer showed a greater loss of precision with longer APTT's. The results are discussed in terms of their effect on the laboratory's ability to adequately monitor heparin therapy. PMID- 7282642 TI - Intralaboratory survey of alkaline phosphatase methods. AB - Three sets of interrelated specimens containing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed: CAP 1977 Enzyme Survey serum, human serum supplemental with calf intestinal ALP, and human serum with increased human liver ALP. Five quite distinct ALP methods were used. In addition, fresh serum from volunteer blood donors and serum from patients with increased serum ALP activities were examined by each of these five methods. Conversion factors for the five different methods based on results from calf-intestine-supplemented interrelated specimens could not be used to interconvert results for fresh human serum. However, the interrelated specimens with increased human liver ALP made interconversion of results for fresh human serum possible. PMID- 7282640 TI - Performances of urine pregnancy tests on College of American Pathologists Survey specimens. AB - The participant performances on the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Urine Survey specimens distributed during 1979 and 1980 for pregnancy testing are reviewed. Almost all the reagent methods used by the participants performed well on the negative specimens. Prominent differences in results on the positive specimens were found. Awareness by laboratorians of the reagent sensitivity, limitations, and capabilities of commercial tests for determining human chorionic gonadotropin in urine is recommended. PMID- 7282641 TI - Interlaboratory survey of Enzyme Analyses iii. Does College of American Pathologists' survey serum mimic clinical specimens? AB - Participants in the last College of American Pathologists Enzyme Surveys in 1978 were asked that they provide results for lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK), for the six interrelated Enzyme Survey serum specimens, and were also asked to provide results for the same enzymes from six healthy persons and from 50 patients. Extensive data analysis revealed that porcine LD and CK in the Survey serum had kinetic properties similar to the native enzymes in fresh human serum. On this basis, we were able to merge the normal data from laboratories using diverse methods and to establish a "universal" reference range for these two enzymes. Survey serum may serve as a bridge for the clinical comparison of very diverse methods for determining LD and CK, possibly for AST and ALT, but not for ALP. PMID- 7282643 TI - Sodium and potassium measurements: direct potentiometry and flame photometry. AB - Data from the 1979 and part of the 1980 College of American Pathologists (CAP) Chemistry Survey Program have been reviewed in order to compare the direct potentiometric measurement of sodium and potassium with flame-emission photometric measurements. As may have been predicted from earlier intralaboratory evaluations, the results of the CAP interlaboratory comparison confirm that flame emission photometry of the two electrolytes yields lower mean concentrations. Reasons for this difference lie in the physicochemical aspects of the sample and methods. In Survey specimens, the magnitude of difference was rarely one of clinical significance, but the documented increase in the use of direct electrode measurements in laboratories warrants informing clinicians of potentially significant differences in selected patients. PMID- 7282647 TI - Social support, life stress, and psychological adjustment: a test of the buffering hypothesis. AB - Research on the relationship between stressful life events and psychological judgment has been criticized for not attending more fully to the multitude of factors potentially mediating that relationship. The present study assesses the influence of one such factor, social support, on that relationship. A group of 320 community residents completed questionnaires including two measures of support, two psychological distress scales, and a stressful life events scale. The hypothesis that social support mediates or serves as a buffer between life events and psychological distress was tested for each of the two support measures in combination with the life events measure in predicting each of the two psychological distress variables. All four of the resulting hypotheses were supported, although the amount of variance accounted for was much greater when the support measure used tapped quality of support rather than quantity of supportive relationships. PMID- 7282648 TI - Economic change and mental health in an uncontaminated setting. AB - Recent research has suggested that economic change in a community is followed by increases in illness and psychopathology. The data necessary for a test of this hypothesis are often confounded by overlapping political and economic boundaries. The present study uses economic indicators and mental health service first admissions from the State of Hawaii, where the political and economic organizations are coterminous and assumed to be insulated from interacting with other communities by geographic separation. Monthly data from September 1972 through December 1975 were detrended and analyzed by cross-correlation with leads and lags of 1 to 3 months. Measures of economic change which depict upturns and downturns in the economy were found to be predictive of first admissions for a number of population subgroups at lags of 2 and 3 months. The implications of the findings for planners and policy-makers are discussed. PMID- 7282645 TI - Stability of sodium and potassium in lyophilized quality control serum. A study of data from the Quality Assurance Service Program of the College of American Pathologists. AB - The long-term prereconstitution stability of sodium and potassium in large pools of lyophilized quality control serum used in Regional Quality Control Programs, conducted between 1977 and 1980 is reviewed. In approximately one third of 27 pools studied, minimal but significant increases in sodium concentration were detected, these increases averaged less than 0.50 per year and confirmed our previously reported results from pools analyzed between 1973 and 1976. Results relating to potassium stability have been inconsistent. The previously reported tendency for potassium to increase in some pools was again suggested by data obtained from laboratories using automated flame-emission photometry procedures. This was not confirmed, however, by the data reflecting manual/semi-automated flame-emission photometry procedures or automated electrode methods. It is postulated, that the source of sodium causing the increases in concentration is the glass containers in which control materials are stored between the time of manufacture and reconstitution. Regression analysis against time of monthly interlaboratory means, from participants in Regional Quality Control Programs, is a useful tool for evaluating postmanufacture stability of analytes in pools used for daily internal quality control procedures. PMID- 7282646 TI - Proposal for a national autopsy data bank: a potential major contribution of pathologists to the health care of the nation. AB - This report highlights the salient deliberations of the Anatomic Pathology Committee of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and of its consultants and advisors in formulating a proposal for the establishment of a National Autopsy Data Bank (NADB). It has constituted the major thrust of this Committee for the past five years and is presented in considerable detail in order to familiarize the pathology community and other interested parties with the plan, which, if implemented, would enable pathologists to contribute even further to the health care of the nation while concomitantly realizing benefits both individually and collectively. In order for the proposal to culminate in an optimally functioning NADB, the support and participation of a majority of, if not all, pathologists with autopsy responsibilities would be needed. Goals, objectives, justification, and merits, background, legal considerations, pilot studies, and management plans are discussed and the singular advantages that could accrue with implementation are delineated. If achieved, it would be the first time that any medical discipline or organization would have amassed such kinds of accurate biomedical information potentially so useful to so many for so little. PMID- 7282649 TI - Attitudes toward rape among mental health professionals. AB - This study examined the attribution of blame in rape among mental health professionals from one state. Thirty-eight professionals (76% of the total population) completed the Attribution of Rape Blame Scale, a 20-item questionnaire reflecting different ways people account for rape. The responses were factor analyzed yielding four clear factors: Societal Blame, Victim Blame, Assailant Blame, and Sociological Status Blame. Analyses of variance were then performed on the participants' four factor scores to determine if there were differences in blame attribution across age or gender of respondents. The only significant finding was a gender difference on the societal blame factor. Results of the factor analysis, ANOVAs as well as implications for training of professionals are discussed. PMID- 7282650 TI - Influence of a "friendly visitor" program on the cognitive functioning and morale of elderly persons. AB - Forty-nine nursing home residents were randomly assigned to a visitation condition focusing on conversational interaction, a visitation condition in which the playing of cognitively challenging games supplemented conversation, or a no treatment control condition. Each subject in a visitation condition was visited by an undergraduate student twice per week for 8 weeks. Before and after the visitation period, all subjects were given four tests of cognitive functioning (vocabulary, matrices, memory, problem-solving), three tests of morale (Life Satisfaction Index A; Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, self-perceived health), and were rated by nursing home activity directors on morale, program participation, alertness, sociability, and physical condition. A multivariate analysis of covariance, in which age, education, and length of nursing home residency were covariates, revealed a reliable overall effect for the treatment (p = .001). Subjects in both visitation conditions generally demonstrated improved performance relative to control subjects, and subjects in the conversation-plus-games condition demonstrated the greatest improvement. The univariate effects for memory, self-perceived health, and ratings of sociability were reliable. PMID- 7282644 TI - Intralaboratory analytic precision as estimated from two distinct programs from the College of American Pathologists. AB - Results for serum sodium and calcium analysis reported to the College of American Pathologists' (CAP) Basic and Comprehensive Chemistry Surveys and to the CAP Quality Assurance Service Program showed good consistency in estimates of intralaboratory analytic precision. The results compare favorably with those obtained in independent studies and indicate that CAP data sources can be used as reliable indices of analytic performance in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 7282651 TI - Rapid adrenocortical recovery after short-term glucocorticoid therapy. AB - The recovery time of adrenocortical function was studied in 13 children receiving intermittent high-dosage glucocorticoid therapy (prednisone, 2 mg/kg/day) for one month out of every four months as treatment for acute leukemia. The data indicate that the adrenal gland's ability to respond to stress recovers rapidly from such treatment. The results of our study clearly show that routine supplementation with glucocorticoid therapy in these patients during periods of clinical stress occurring later than nine days after glucocorticoid therapy is not warranted. PMID- 7282652 TI - Nasopharyngeal reflux and neonatal apnea. AB - Although oropharyngeal dysfunction has been reported as a cause of dysphagia in newborns, to our knowledge oropharyngeal dysfunction and neonatal apnea have not been associated previously. We studied two infants in whom apnea and bradycardia developed primarily while feeding. The diagnosis was established by observation of the swallowing mechanism using cinefluoroscopy while the infant ingested a dilute barium meal. Thickened formula feedings and use of a special nipple resulted in complete cessation of apnea and bradycardia. Careful attention to the details that surround episodes of apnea is essential so that morbidity and mortality from treatable causes of apnea can be minimized. PMID- 7282653 TI - Transient diffuse computed tomographic scan enhancement in multifocal seizures. AB - Previous reports have documented transient angiographic and nucleotide brain scan abnormalities in patients with focal seizures. We describe transient diffuse cortical computed tomographic scan enhancement in a 1-year-old infant with repetitive multifocal seizures. Similar scan abnormalities may be seen in certain asphyxiated infants and occasionally in victims of child abuse. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7282654 TI - EEG pattern in phenylketonuria under early initiated dietary treatment. AB - Nineteen of 161 infants with a confirmed diagnosis of phenylketonuria (PKU) had initially abnormal EEGs obtained within days of diagnosis. The abnormalities consisted of single repetitive or multiple spikes and/or sharp waves, focal or scattered, which rarely occurred in paroxysmal bursts. Initial maximal diagnostic serum phenylalanine (Phe) levels were significantly higher for the group with abnormal EEGs. The mean diagnostic serum Phe level was 56 mg/dL in the group with abnormal EEGs, whereas the mean diagnostic Phe level was 48 mg/dL in the group with normal tracings. The average age at initiation of restrictive dietary treatment was approximately 3 weeks. The initially abnormal EEGs became normal by 1 year of age in all but two patients who had a minimal and a mild abnormality, respectively. Hypsarrhythmic patterns were not seen. Infants with PKU detected early and treated well do not appear to need routine EEG monitoring. PMID- 7282655 TI - Parental perceptions of enuresis. A collaborative study. AB - Of 1,379 children 4 years of age and older who were patients in nine medical centers across the country, 346 (25.1%) were found to be enuretic. Their parents considered heavy sleeping and emotional problems as the main causes of enuresis in children; physical causes rarely were believed to be important. "Waking up the child" from sleep to urinate and "talking about the problem" were the main methods that parents used to treat enuresis. Very few used medication. Parents with a grade school level of education punish bed-wetting children at twice the rate of high school- and college-educated parents. Physicians need to be more aware that enuresis is an important problem for parents and that there are many widely held beliefs about cause and management. PMID- 7282656 TI - Home visits. Extending the boundaries of comprehensive pediatric care. AB - While the contribution of home visits to the care of chronically ill children and those in high-risk families has become increasingly recognized, their value in the provision of comprehensive primary pediatric care has been neglected. Visits to children's homes can be a valuable tool to assess the child's environment, observe the child in his or her own world, establish rapport with families, and determine family function and dynamics. PMID- 7282657 TI - Bronchial reactivity in cystic fibrosis with normal pulmonary function. AB - We studied 20 children with cystic fibrosis who had relatively normal pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume greater than or equal to 70% of predicted) to determine whether demonstration of heightened bronchial reactivity in this group reflects coexistent asthma. Using a standardized histamine provocation, we found that eight (40%) had a positive response. These responders were significantly younger than the nonresponders, had a greater incidence of clinical asthma, and all were atopic on skin testing. However, they had a significantly higher ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity than the nonresponders. Although as a group they were less sensitive to histamine than children with asthma, four of the responders with cystic fibrosis had histamine sensitivity similar to a group of asthmatic patients. We concluded that, in the presence of mild lung disease, the demonstration of heightened bronchial reactivity in children with cystic fibrosis may provide confirmatory evidence of coexistent asthma, particularly if the children are highly sensitive to histamine. PMID- 7282658 TI - Clostridium difficile associated with pseudomembranous colitis. Occurrence in a 12-week-old infant without prior antibiotic therapy. AB - In a previously healthy 12-week-old male infant with a two-week history of poor feeding, colic, and bloody stools, pseudomembranous colitis developed. No prior antibiotics were administered although the child had received dicyclomine hydrochloride. Clostridium difficile and its toxin were detected in the child's stool. Severe disseminated intravascular coagulopathy developed; the patient required total colectomy but eventually recovered. Clostridium difficile colonization has not, to our knowledge, been previously documented in infantile pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 7282659 TI - Abscesses complicating DTP vaccination. AB - Reports of abscesses after the use of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTP vaccine) from two different lots (No. 1 and 2) of a single manufacturer (manufacturer A) prompted an investigation into the rates of abscess formation following the use of DTP vaccine from several different manufacturers. A total of 74 abscesses for lot 1, 16 for lot 2, and three for other DTP products was uncovered. The overall rate after lots 1 and 2 was 1.1 per 1,000 doses administered compared with 0.01 per 1,000 doses for DTP vaccine from other manufacturers (P less than .0001). Faulty technique, site and route of inoculation, microbiologic contamination, and hypersensitivity were ruled out as likely explanations for the increase in abscesses among recipients of DTP vaccine from manufacturer A. Use of a single needle to withdraw vaccine from the vial and to inoculate the vaccinees, combined with high aluminum adjuvant content in the implicated vaccine, may have led to an increased rate of abscess formation. PMID- 7282660 TI - Auriculotemporal syndrome in childhood. AB - Auriculotemporal syndrome, also known as Frey's syndrome, consists of the development of facial flushing or sweating over the distribution of the auriculotemporal nerve immediately following eating or drinking. It has been recognized in adults as a common postoperative complication of parotid-gland surgery or dorsal sympathectomy. The syndrome is uncommon in children. As its course is benign, it is important to recognize it, thus avoiding unnecessary referral and laboratory evaluation. PMID- 7282661 TI - Gelastic (laughing) seizures and precocious puberty. AB - Gelastic (laughing) seizures are a rare phenomenon with fewer than 150 cases previously reported. These seizures have been reported to have a benign course in children. This article reviews the small subgroup of seven patients in whom such seizures were associated with precocious puberty and adds one additional case. When gelastic seizures are associated with precocious puberty, the patients often have mental retardation. PMID- 7282663 TI - Solitary hyperplastic polyp of the stomach. PMID- 7282664 TI - Categorization of etiology of failure to thrive. AB - To develop predictors of organic vs nonorganic causes of failure to thrive, we performed a retrospective chart analysis of 82 hospitalized children. We evaluated predictors by using decision analysis. We estimated potential cost reduction that would have resulted from early categorization of these patients. Twenty-one cases had organic causes, 34 had nonorganic causes, and 19 had both organic and nonorganic causes. Physical examination proved to be a sensitive indicator of an organic component. The composite psychosocial and clinical history, together with the physical examination, accurately predicted the final category. The use of laboratory tests was primarily for confirmation. The use of these factors to identify purely nonorganic growth failure and an evaluation of such cases in an intermediate care facility could save almost $8-- per patient. In-depth psychosocial evaluation is important in all cases of failure to thrive. PMID- 7282665 TI - Prednisone-induced Munchausen syndrome. PMID- 7282662 TI - Simplifying the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus in children. AB - We simplified the procedures for identifying children with diabetes insipidus by using the relationship between urine and plasma osmolality (Uosm and Posm). We defined the normal Uosm-Posm relationship as the area within the 95% confidence regions for pairs of osmolality measurements obtained from normal children during periods of free access to fluids and after oral hydration. In 13 patients with diabetes insipidus, Uosm-Posm coordinates were outside these regions in 50 of 64 pairs (one to ten per patient) during periods of free access to fluids. After three hours of fluid deprivation, the Uosm-Posm relationship was abnormal in 12 patients; the 13th was unable to void. For those with a normal Posm, and Uosm less than Posm, another pair of osmolality measurements after three hours of fluid restriction should determine the diagnosis. PMID- 7282666 TI - Antibiotic-associated colitis. PMID- 7282667 TI - Tympanometry and otitis media. PMID- 7282668 TI - Nafcillin sodium incompatibility with acidic solutions. PMID- 7282670 TI - Assessing the literature on nalbuphine. PMID- 7282669 TI - Another view on central warehousing of dantrolene. PMID- 7282671 TI - Use of vancomycin in treating ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7282673 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery: part 2. PMID- 7282672 TI - Developing a consensus for appropriate antibiotic use in surgery. PMID- 7282675 TI - Strategies for deleting popular drugs from a hospital formulary. AB - The approach used by a hospital pharmacy in planning, implementing, and evaluating a major formulary revision and the strategies used in deleting popular analgesics from the formulary are described. All phenacetin-containing products were deleted from the formulary of The Ohio State University Hospitals. The following steps of the process are described; identification of the problem, literature evaluation, soliciting medical staff support, presentation to the pharmacy and therapeutics committee, designing an implementation timetable, education, monitoring analgesic use, coordination of departmental activities, implementation and follow-up. The strategy used in this case resulted in the policy being implemented successfully. PMID- 7282676 TI - Reducing the number of formulary theophylline preparations. AB - Cost reduction resulting from decreasing the number of theophylline products on a hospital formulary is reported. A special review subcommittee of the pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee of a 1049-bed hospital was appointed to study tee literature on theophylline preparations. Bids were requested on all theophylline preparations. Bids were requested on all theophylline products. The subcommittee recommended one liquid preparation, one combination product, two sustained release products, and two rapid-release solid oral theophylline products for inclusion in the formulary. The P&T committee approved the action, and all other oral and rectal theophylline products were deleted. In 1978 (before the product reduction), the hospital purchased 357,551 doses of theophylline at a cost of $27,926.10. In 1979, this cost was reduced to $11.624.39 for 309.069 doses, a savings of over $16,000. Substantial cost savings can be achieved by reducing the number of therapeutically equivalent products and by using teh bid system. PMID- 7282677 TI - Restricted cephalosporin use in teaching hospitals. AB - The approaches of teaching hospitals toward limiting the number of cephalosporin drug products on formularies were studied in a mail survey. Pharmacy department directors of 128 teaching hospitals with 200 beds or more responded to teh survey. Forty-two of 128 (33%) hospitals had established formal restriction policies (FRPs) for cephalosporins (CS). Cephalexin and cephradine were the predominant formulary oral CS. Few hospitals had established "therapeutic equivalents" policies, yet the majority of hospitals had a single oral CS on the formulary. Cefazolin was the predominant injectable CS on all formularies; cefamandole and cefoxitin were the predominant restricted CS. In hospitals without restriction policies, these newer CS were on the formulary in 55% of the cases; in FRP hospitals, the figure was 15%. The occurrence of a single, formulary, unrestricted CS was much more likely in FRP hospitals (38%) than in hospitals with no restriction policy (NRP) (8%). FRP hospitals tended to have fewer unrestricted formulary CS. Eighty-three percent of FRP hospitals and 41% of NRP hospitals monitored CS use. PMID- 7282674 TI - Guide to the acquisition, storage, and use of antidotes. AB - Information on antidotes and other agents used in the treatment of poisoning is presented in seven tables, including indications for use, dosages, sources, and storage. Recommendations for stocking specific antidotes are based on the level of care available at a given health care facility. PMID- 7282678 TI - Evaluation of a computerized drug interaction screening system. AB - The effectiveness of a community hospital's computerized drug interaction screening system, PADIS (Pharmacy Automated Drug Interaction Screening), with pharmacists evaluating and advising physicians of each drug interaction's potential significance, was evaluated. The study was conducted during a 100-day period on all patients (34,564 patient days) with the exception of pediatric patients. The number and type of potential interactions, and physician response to the pharmacists' reports, were recorded. For the 182 physicians who participated in teh program, 1219 potential drug interactions were detected (per 20,260 patient days) that initially were considered important. Only 116 (9.5%) actually were deemed potentially clinically significant in th patient. The pharmacists eliminated 59 (51%) potential interactions directly by rescheduling administration times of the drugs. For the remaining potential drug interactions, reports were placed in the patient's charts for review by the attending physicians. Physicians altered therapy according to the recommendations in 82% of these cases. The program was effective in detecting and preventing potentially serious drug interactions. PMID- 7282679 TI - Cost of computerized drug interaction screening system. AB - The cost of operating a computerized drug interaction screening program at a 635 bed private community hospital was studied. Cost data were collected during the development of the Pharmacy Automated Drug Interaction Screening system in 1975 and during a one-year study period, June 1978 to June 1979. The total cost of the interaction screening system was analyzed according to (1) patient days, (2) unit dose drugs administered, (3) potentially significant drug interactions detected and monitored, and (4) clinically significant drug interactions prevented. Total estimated annual cost of the program was +5,603.02. Salaries accounted for 63% of the total, computer time costs for 17%, annual leasing of the data base for 16%, and paper for 4%. The cost per number of drug interactions detected and monitored was +0.51. The cost per patient day was +0.42, while the cost per unit dose drug dispensed was only +0.004. Since 341 the study period, this represents a cost of +16.43 each. This system is an inexpensive means of detecting and preventing drug interactions. PMID- 7282681 TI - Medication discharge consultation program in a small community hospital. AB - The development of a medication discharge consultation program in a 113-bed, acute-care hospital is described. Patients with cardiac or hypertensive disease who are being treated with at least three medications are counseled by a pharmacist at the time of discharge. In addition to providing information orally, the pharmacist gives the patient written monographs on each of the patient's drugs, a sheet of general guidelines on medication administration, and a calendar noting administration schedules. Two pharmacists are responsible for the project and counsel about four patients weekly. The average time to complete a consultation, including documentation in the patient's medical record, is 30 minutes. The medication discharge consultation program improves patient compliance by increasing the patient's knowledge of drug therapy and enables the hospital to meet current practice standards. PMID- 7282680 TI - Collaborative clinical pharmacokinetic services. AB - A program for routine pharmacokinetic interpretation of serum analyses of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, phenytoin, phenobarbital, theophylline, lidocaine, digoxin, quinidine, and procainamide at the Medical University of South Carolina Hospital is described. Results of all analyses of serum for the drugs listed are evaluated by a pharmacist trained in clinical pharmacokinetics. Patient variables relevant to the determination of drug serum concentrations, drug elimination, distribution, and dosage are given appropriate consideration in each evaluation. A summary of the pharmacokinetic interpretation and any necessary modification of drug dosage regimens are then written into the progress notes of the patients' medical records. Approximately 12 patients and 20 drug concentrations are evaluated each day. The average charge for te service is +35. This service, which is reimbursed by third-party carriers, has resulted in improved use of laboratory personnel, equipment, and time and has provided a framework for education and research as well as a mechanism for direct contributions to patient care by the pharmacist. PMID- 7282682 TI - Effect of heparin on radioimmunoassay of gentamicin. AB - The effect of various heparin concentrations on the radioimmunoassay of gentamicin was studied in vitro and in rats. Heparainized test tubes were prepared, and whole blood was added followed by a gentamicin sulfate solution. Eight Sprague-Dawley rats were given heparin or gentamicin or both via infusion, and blood samples were drawn and tested. A radioimmunoassay for gentamicin was used in both the in vitro and in vivo tests. When 0-1000 units/ml of heparin were added to a constant amount of gentamicin (12 micro grams) in vitro, no difference was found in the assayed gentamicin concentration (p greater than 0.01). Similarly, when gentamicin concentrations of 0-16 micro grams /ml were added to a constant amount of heparin (20 units), the assays yielded results similar to the known gentamicin concentrations added. No significant difference was found in the clearance rate (p greater than 0.05) or terminal half-lives (p greater than 0.05) of gentamicin in treated and nontreated rats. The results suggest that variable heparin concentrations do not affect gentamicin concentrations as determined by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7282683 TI - Effect of gentamicin on heparin activity. AB - The importance of the effect of gentamicin on heparin activity was investigated. Heparin activity was assessed using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin clotting time (TCT), and Factor X heparin assay. Drug concentrations used were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 units/ml heparin with 40, 80, and 400 microgram/ml gentamicin, in vitro in human plasma. The drugs were precipitated at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 units/ml heparin with 4 and 40 mg/ml gentamicin. After centrifuging, the supernate was diluted to 0.1-0.4 units/ml heparin for assay. There was no change in heparin activity in the presence of gentamicin (in the unprecipitated solutions) as measured by the TCT, Factor X assay, and the APTT; however, APTT was prolonged by gentamicin. In the precipitated samples, heparin activity was lost in the precipitate. No significant clinical interaction that would affect the therapeutic efficacy of heparin was demonstrated except for a pharmaceutical incompatibility between gentamicin and heparin. The APTT, performed with ellagic acid as an activator, is prolonged by gentamicin. PMID- 7282684 TI - Gentamicin-induced ototoxicity in a carefully monitored renal-failure patient. AB - A case of gentamicin-induced ototoxicity, documented by electronystagmography and audiometry, in a patient with chronic renal failure is presented. A 39-year-old white man was hospitalized for a renal transplant procedure. Multiple postoperative complications included infection, and the transplanted kidney was rejected eventually. The patient was carefully monitored with frequent serum gentamicin determinations and subsequent pharmacokinetic analysis throughout the six-week course of therapy. Ototoxicity became apparent 10 days after the discontinuance of gentamicin therapy even though predicted and measured levels never fell outside the range of 1.5 to 6.0 microgram/ml throughout the period of antibiotic administration. A brief review of the presentation of gentamicin ototoxicity with special emphasis on the renal-failure patient is included. Clinicians should be aware of potential toxicities and must be able to recognize those patients at high risk. Patients must be monitored carefully, and a risk benefit analysis should precede proposed therapy. PMID- 7282685 TI - How to write a research report for publication. AB - Guidelines on writing research papers for pharmaceutical journals are presented. The main focus is on organizing thoughts properly for a research paper. Suggestions are made for preparing to write the first draft, and a checklist is offered for evaluating successive drafts. The specific requirements for the following parts of a manuscript are reviewed: title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. Advice is given on the submission of a manuscript to a journal. PMID- 7282686 TI - National survey of pharmacokinetic consultation services. PMID- 7282687 TI - Antineoplastics: a safety hazard? PMID- 7282688 TI - Color-coded prescription labeling. PMID- 7282689 TI - Relationship between porphyria and the use of antineoplastics. PMID- 7282690 TI - Estimating the volume of distribution of digoxin. PMID- 7282691 TI - Can pharmacists prevent drug-induced illness in hospitals. PMID- 7282692 TI - Malignant hyperthermia: current perspectives. AB - The incidence, etiology, clinical manifestations, and management of malignant hyperthermia (MH) are reviewed. The syndrome of MH is recognized as one of the causes of anesthesia-related deaths. It is considered pharmacogenetic because both an abnormal gene and precipitating environmental factors are necessary to produce an acute reaction. Metabolic defects, involving a derangement of calcium dynamics, appear to be the common characteristic of susceptible individuals. Calcium release and uptake from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is altered when an individual with MH is exposed to certain anesthetic agents or triggering physical and emotional stresses. Muscle rigidity, tachycardia, tachypnea, and high fever can lead to other complications and death. Management of an acute reaction of MH includes cooling methods to lower body temperature, hyperventilation, sodium bicarbonate control of acidosis, maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, and the administration of dantrolene sodium. A thorough family history, baseline CPKs, caffeine-halothane contracture tests, and ultramicroscopic examination of muscle biopsy specimens are recommended as screening techniques. The early administration of dantrolene sodium in acute reaction of MH has been shown to rapidly alleviate the symptoms and ensuing severe complications. Individuals with a strong family history of MH or previous episodes may be treated with oral dantrolene sodium before surgery to effectively prevent a crisis, and after surgery to prevent recurrence. PMID- 7282693 TI - Drug information network in the United Kingdom National Health Service. AB - The drug information network is the United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS) is described. The NHS was reorganized in 1974 resulting in the creation of 14 regions, which were further divided into areas. Drug information services provided within the regions and coordination between regions have evolved into a decentralized national drug information network. In this network, regional centers provide support to their area centers; difficult questions received by area centers may be referred to the regional center. Additionally, some regional centers have become specialized in particular fields. All regional centers have access to data held by other regional centers. Activity is further coordinated by a literature abstracting service in which each regional center has certain responsibilities; a code of practice for drug information pharmacists; production of specialty bulletins; and standardized education and training. Future plans for expanded services are described. PMID- 7282694 TI - Consumer reactions to the tone of written drug information. AB - Emotional and cognitive reactions to four different patient package inserts (PPIs) describing flurazepam were tested. All documents contained the same basic information. However, this information was presented in a frank manner to half the subjects and in a reassuring manner to the other half. In addition, in both cases, drug side effects were presented either as a list or in paragraph form. Study subjects--456 members of a college community--each read one of the PPIs and then completed a self-administered questionnaire that had 10 multiple-choice questions about flurazepam and 19 scaled questions focusing on semantics. The frank version was judged clearer, more interesting, longer, and more appropriate for an adult audience. Tone also affected which items of information in the PPI were remembered best, possibly because it helped to establish which information was considered most important. Caution should be observed in generalizing the study conclusions until they are corroborated by research on a wider patient population. PMID- 7282695 TI - Effect of telephone follow-up on medication compliance. AB - This study compared the effectiveness, in improving patient compliance with a 10 14 day course of antibiotic therapy, of the following two strategies: (1) a follow-up telephone call and (2) written instructions and oral consultation by a pharmacist. The 82 study patients were randomly assigned to four groups: 1- control; 2--call-back; 3--written and oral consultation; and 4--written and oral consultation plus a call-back. The follow-up telephone call was made on the fourth or fifth day of the prescription course. The need to take the medication as directed and until completion was explained and reinforced. Any problems with the medication were determined. Compliance was assessed on the ninth or tenth day of therapy by a patient dosage unit count, and the patient's knowledge of the medication regimen was evaluated by a structured interview. The mean compliance was 76.6% for the control group, 86.6% for Group 2, 87.5% for Group 3, and 85.4% for Group 4. The compliance in the control group was significantly less than for each of the study groups (p = 0.0295), but the three study groups were not significantly different (p less than 0.05). Patients receiving written and oral consultation had significantly greater knowledge about side effects and what to do if they missed doses (p less than 0.002). After follow-up telephone call was equal to, but did not enhance, written and oral consultation in improving patient compliance. PMID- 7282696 TI - Cost comparison of searching the Iowa Drug Information Service index manually and by computer. AB - A cost comparison of searching the Iowa Drug Information Service index manually and by computer is presented. Identical searches were performed on a computer system and by hand. The searches were timed and the results compared. Costs of start-up, maintenance, and operation were calculated for the manual and computer systems. Both systems yielded a similar number of relevant references. Start-up and maintenance costs were found more expensive for the computer system, but operational costs were less expensive (p less than 0.05). Operational costs varied according to the number of uses per year. Operational costs were found to increase faster for the manual system than the computer system. At 980 uses per year, the overall cost of the computer system was less than the manual system. A dedicated microcomputer system to search the Iowa Drug Information Service index was found less costly than, and as effective as, the common manual system. PMID- 7282697 TI - Cost justification of decentralized pharmaceutical services for the emergency room. AB - The implementation of decentralized pharmaceutical services in an emergency room (ER) is described, with emphasis on cost justification. As part of an overall hospital goal of improving patient-care services in the ER the pharmacy department identified its role in the plan. The objectives of the pharmacy included providing faster prescription-filling services with more patient education, to increase the number of ER prescription filled in-house, to improve drug control and accountability of floor stock medications in the ER, and to expand clinical services inthe ER. To do this, a satellite pharmacy was established in the ER. Implementation costs for the first year of operation were estimated at +122,875; of this represented a transfer of inventory from other pharmacy areas, and +62,900 represented personnel cost that were also transferred from other areas. Actual costs of operation were less; the actual expense was +103,557. The drug and supply cost were +48,186; inventory turnover rate was 8.8. The ER pharmacy had a +48,901 margin of revenue over expenses. The ratio of ER prescriptions filled to discharges increased, indicating an increase in prescription filling volume. Despite a decrease in the number of ER visits, the number of prescriptions filled increased 14%. Decentralized ER pharmaceutical services in this institution met the outlined objectives on a cost-effective basis. PMID- 7282698 TI - Distribution system for controlled substances in the operating room. AB - A system of drug distribution for controlled substances in a hospital operating room is described. Problems in accountability for and accessibility to controlled substances distributed by a floor stock method led to the new system. Small, lockable narcotic cases contain a sufficient quantity of Valium, Innovar, ans Sublimaze for one shift. Each nurse anesthetist signs out a narcotic case from the pharmacy at the beginning of the shift and is responsible for its contents until it is returned to the pharmacy at the end of the shift. Administration records are dept by the nurse anesthetist. A discrepancy in the count results in an incident report automatically and an investigation. The system has improved the drug distribution process in our operating room and is easily adaptable to other institutions. PMID- 7282699 TI - Delivery time in a decentralized pharmacy system without satellites. AB - The time required for pharmacy to deliver medications to the nursing unit under centralized and decentralized unit dose drug distribution (without satellites) systems was compared. Routing slips were attached to physicians' drug orders generated at a surgical nursing unit. Under the centralized system, the ward clerk sent the order to the pharmacy via pneumatic tube; the pharmacist received the order, transcribed it, and prepared the medication; and supportive personnel delivered the drug to the nursing station. The time required to perform each step was recorded on the routing slip for a five-week period. Under the decentralized system, the ward clerk placed the physicians' orders in the pharmacy box on the nursing unit. The pharmacist picked up the orders, filled them from a decentralized master medication cart, and placed the drug in the nurses' medication cart. Time required to complete the medication process was significantly less under the decentralized system than under the centralized system (54.15 +/- 42.82 versus 83.80 +/- 48.16; p less than 0.05). PMID- 7282700 TI - Computer-assisted antibiotic use review. AB - The use of a computer system for an antibiotic review program is described. A commercial system was selected as the software base for the development of the antibiotic use review (AUR) program. The AUR system is composed of three parts: (1) editing and verifying data from the patient's pharmacy profile card, (2) updating the data base, and (3) generation of reports. The system is flexible in its reporting capabilities. Potential functions of the system include identifying patterns of bacterial resistance. The computer system is an efficient tool for the clinical review of antibiotic use in a quality assurance program. PMID- 7282702 TI - Bradycardia and congestive heart failure associated with ocular timolol maleate. AB - A case of timolol-associated heart failure in a 73-year old white man is reported. The patient, with a history of cardiovascular disease and glaucoma, was admitted to the hospital because of complaints of shortness of breath, orthopnea, and reduced exercise tolerance. Chest roentgenogram showed interstitial congestive failure, and an EKG demonstrated sinus bradycardia. The patient's medications before admission included quinidine, isosorbide dinitrate, dipyridamole, aspirin, pilocarpine eyedrops 4%, timolol eyedrops 0.5%, and nitroglycerin ointment and sublingual tablets. On the second day of hospitalization, it was noted that the patient's dyspnea and sinus bradycardia could be related to a recent increase in his timolol dosage. The timolol was discontinued, and the patient's heart rate increased. As the patient's pulse rate increased, the symptoms of congestive heart failure disappeared. This case demonstrated the importance of obtaining complete drug histories from patients. The potential for adverse system reactions resulting from topical medications should be considered. PMID- 7282701 TI - Antimicrobial use review in a family practice setting. AB - The appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing habits by resident physicians in a family practice center was evaluated. From a six-month period, 225 antibiotic prescriptions were reviewed retrospectively, in a three-phase study. In the first phase, two physicians determined the validity of the diagnosis and treatment for each case, based on criteria suggested by current literature. In the second phase, the pharmacist investigators compared the prescribed regimens with the established criteria for appropviateness of drug choice, daily dose, dosage interval, and duration of therapy. In the third phase, charts were reviewed to determine if microbial cultures had been ordered. The diagnosis was accepted in 89% of the cases; of those, drug therapy was indicated for 84%, an appropriate drug was prescribed in 89%, daily dose was appropriate in 72%, dosage interval was acceptable in 75%, and duration of therapy was appropriate in 59%. Microbial cultures were commonly ordered for pharyngitis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, and gonococcal urethritis. Cultures were not ordered for tonsillitis, nongonococcal urethritis, prostatis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. The prescribing patterns of a group of family practice residents were found to be in less than full compliance with standards in the literature. However, the importance of this finding is difficult to judge because there have been few such studies in ambulatory care settings and the validity of some of the criteria for appropriateness is not known. PMID- 7282703 TI - Hypertension associated with protamine sulfate administration. AB - A case of protamine-associated hypertension in a 76-year-old Caucasian woman with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing hemodialysis is reported. Four dialysis runs during March 1977 are described in this report; all involved the i.v. administration of heparin sodium (2500-5000 units) during the five-hour procedures. Protamine sulfate (25-50 mg) was given i.v. at the end of each procedure to neutralize excess heparin. In three of the four dialyses, the patient became short of breath, hypertensive, and tachycardic, usually for less than 10 minutes. In the last of these runs, the patient first became hypotensive and then hypertensive, and was incontinent of urine and feces. Treatment in each case consisted of elevation of the head of the bed and oxygen administration. During the forth dialysis, no adverse reaction occurred. Possible explanations of this phenomenon are discussed, including hypersensitivity to protamine sulfate products and the action of protamine on platelets resulting in serotonin or histamine release. In dialyses where the patient became hypertensive, more protamine on platelets resulting in serotonin or histamine release. In dialyses where the patient became hypertensive, more protamine sulfate was given than was needed to neutralize the heparin. In the run where symptoms were most severe, the patient received only 2500 units of heparin but was given 50 mg protamine sulfate. It is concluded that this reaction occurred as a result of administering excess protamine sulfate, which then acted on platelets. The platelets released either histamine or serotonin, which mediated rapid changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing pattern. PMID- 7282704 TI - Color-keyed patient medication counseling system. PMID- 7282705 TI - Sodium nitroprusside dosing charts. PMID- 7282706 TI - Need for uniform data elements in hospital drug use review. AB - The need of a nationwide system of drug use review (DUR) in hospitals is discussed. Many drugs important in terms of both potential adverse effects and cost (e.g., aminoglycosides and heparin) are used primarily in hospitals, a setting for which nationwide data on key elements of use and prescribing are not available. A main problem is one of logistics, stemming primarily from a lack of uniformity in how drug information is recorded. Since data collection and organization are pivotal prerequisites for drug use review, there is a need for standardization in data collection if data from various institutions are to be compared. Uniform data elements are proposed that would allow for national tabulations and estimates, which could provide the normative data critical to both drug use review and drug epidemiology. PMID- 7282707 TI - Possible incompatibility of doxorubicin hydrochloride with aluminum. PMID- 7282708 TI - Stability of chlorpromazine liquid in unit dose packaging. PMID- 7282709 TI - Federal rules on tartrazine labeling. PMID- 7282710 TI - High-dose metoclopramide for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. PMID- 7282711 TI - Handling cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 7282712 TI - Airborne drug levels in a laminar-flow hood. AB - The airborne levels of fluorouracil and cefazolin sodium injections after manipulation of these drug products inside a horizontal laminar-flow hood were measured. The Biotest RCS Centrifugal Air Sampler, generally used to measure microbial levels in air, was adapted with a paper filter to measure drug levels in air. In each of nine trials, five ampuls of fluorouracil were opened in the hood and transferred to empty vials. Likewise, in each of nine trials, 50 vials of cefazolin sodium 1 g were reconstituted and transferred to small-volume i.v. solutions. Drug manipulations were performed between the hood's filter and the Biotest, which was placed inside the hood. Drug collected on the filter in the Biotest was assayed with ultraviolet spectrophotometry after extraction. The range of fluorouracil collected by the Biotest was from 0 to 14 microgram, corresponding to 0-0.07 microgram/liter of sample air. Recovered cefazolin sodium ranged from 28 to 131 microgram, or 0.02-0.11 microgram/liter of sampled air. Following routine manipulation of drug products in a laminar-flow hood, the drug can contaminate, the air flowing over the product. PMID- 7282714 TI - Stability of five catecholamines and terbutaline sulfate in 5% dextrose injection in the absence and presence of aminophylline. AB - The stability of dopamine hydrochloride, epinephrine hydrochloride, isoproterenol hydrochloride, methyldopate hydrochloride, norepinephrine bitartrate, and terbutaline sulfate in 5% dextrose injection with and without aminophylline was evaluated. Kinetic data were obtained from the stability-indicating, high performance liquid chromatographic assay method for autoxidation of the five sympathomimetic catecholamines and terbutaline sulfate. The autoxidation of epinephrine hydrochloride, isoproterenol hydrochloride, norepinephrine, bitartrate, and terbutaline sulfate was much faster in the alkaline solutions (pH 7.7-8.1) containing aminophylline than in the acidic solutions (pH 3.9-4.5) without aminophylline. On a molar basis among beta 2 agonists, terbutaline sulfate was considerably more stable than epinephrine hydrochloride or isoproterenol hydrochloride. The autoxidation of terbutaline sulfate and the five catecholamines followed apparent zero-order kinetics. The rate constants and degradation times to fall 90% of original potency were determined for each drug. Visual inspection was found to be grossly inadequate for estimating the stability of catecholamines to autoxidation. Epinephrine hydrochloride, norepinephrine bitartrate, and isoproterenol hydrochloride should not be combined with aminophylline or similarly alkaline drugs in LVP solutions. The stability of very potent and life-saving drugs prepared for i.v. admixtures must be studied with stability-indicating assay methods. PMID- 7282713 TI - Interactions between drugs and polyvinyl chloride infusion bags. AB - Forty-six injectable drug products, many of which are administered by i.v. infusion, were studied for loss from aqueous solutions stored in polyvinyl chloride infusion bags for various periods of time. The polyvinyl bags were stored in the dark at room temperature for up to three months. Drugs stored in glass vials served as controls. The solutions were assayed spectrophotometrically at regular intervals. The effects of drug concentration and pH on the loss of drug from solution were studied. Octanol-water partition coefficients were used as a gauge of lipid solubility of the drugs. Five of the drug products clomethiazole edisylate, diazepam, hydralazine hydrochloride, thiopental sodium, and warfarin sodium-were found to be lost to a substantial extent after one week. For all drugs studied, the effects of the initial concentration on drug loss varied. The amount of drug lost over a given time was a function of the pH of the solution. The main physico-chemical determinants controlling drug sorption appeared to be the extent of ionization and the lipid solubility of the drug. For most of the drugs studied, minimal losses from the aqueous solutions were observed over short periods of storage time. Disappearance was slow and time dependent, indicating a diffusion-controlled sorption process. The losses of clomethiazole edisylate, thiopental sodium, and diazepam may be clinically important. PMID- 7282715 TI - Effects of packaging and storage on the dissolution of model prednisone tablets. AB - The effects of packaging and storage in multiple-unit and unit-dose containers on dissolution rate of model prednisone tablets are reported. USP Prednisone Dissolution Calibrator Tablets were packaged in three multiple-unit and five unit dose containers. Packaged tablets were stored for three to six months under three conditions: 40 degrees C and 85% relative humidity (R.H.), 37 degrees C and 75% R.H., and 22 degrees C and 75% R.H. Dissolution rate was measured at pre determined intervals during storage. For each condition tested, two separate runs of six tablets each were performed. Tablets in the least moisture-permeable containers were least affected by storage. The conditions of high heat and humidity caused the greatest change in dissolution rate. When stored at 22 degrees C and 75% R.H., little change in dissolution rate occurred in any packaged tablets. It is concluded that packaging and storage conditions affect tablet dissolution characteristics markedly. The practice of labeling repackaged tablets with the expiration date of the original container is shown to be invalid. PMID- 7282718 TI - Cost of developing a computerized drug file. AB - The personnel time and costs involved in manually developing a master drug file are described. This system was designed independently by the pharmacy personnel of a 550-bed medical center to support the computer programs for drug purchasing, inventory control, outpatient services, i.v. admixture services, and pharmacy management reports. The master drug file was created to contain data on every drug and nondrug line item used in the pharmaceutical services of the medical center. The process of manually developing the drug file and entering the data into the computer system required six weeks, 732 pharmacy staff hours, 120 hours of supervision by administrative pharmacy personnel, 50 hours of program planning and organization of computerized programs, and cost a total of $8451. The drug file contains 1138 drug formulary line items; 0.88 hours were consumed per line item, at a development cost of $7.43 per line item. Although a commercially available drug file could have provided 35,000 records at half the cost, it was concluded that the independent development of the master drug file was justified in terms of meeting this medical center's specific information needs. PMID- 7282716 TI - Outpatient pharmaceutical services in academically affiliated hospitals and selected community hospitals. AB - The outpatient pharmaceutical services provided by university or medical school affiliated hospitals and those offered by community hospitals were compared. A questionnaire was sent to a sampling of hospitals that had full-time pharmaceutical services. The hospital pharmacists were asked how frequently they performed 13 patient-oriented services. Four hundred community hospitals from 13 western states and 95 university hospitals nationwide were surveyed. The four null hypotheses tested were: (I) There is no difference between university and community hospitals in mean frequency of patient-oriented pharmaceutical services; (II) the mean frequencies of patient-oriented services are independent of hospital bed capacity; (III) the mean frequencies of patient-oriented services are independent of whether or not clinic outpatients are served by the outpatient pharmacy; and (IV) the mean frequencies of patient-oriented services are independent of the number of full-time equivalent pharmacists employed by the pharmacy. Performance of the 13 patient-oriented services was almost parallel for both the university and community hospitals. The only service that demonstrated a significant difference (p less than 0.05) between the two groups was "prescribing and renewing medication at the request of the physician." The most frequently performed services were to give patients oral medication instructions and drug information for the medical staff. Null hypothesis I was not rejected. A four-way analysis of variance was performed on null hypotheses II, III, and IV; II and III were rejected (alpha less than or equal to 0.05). Nevertheless, a one-way analysis of variance, post-hoc test, and t test revealed that the performance of patient-oriented services was more frequent in hospitals with less than 100 beds and in hospitals that provided outpatient services to clinic patients. Null hypothesis IV was not rejected. PMID- 7282717 TI - Competency-based advancement program for pharmacists. AB - A competency-based advancement program for practicing pharmacists is presented. The criteria for selecting this method of providing incentives for pharmacists are outlined. Procedures for developing and implementing this competency-based program are described. Five competency levels for pharmacists were developed based on the pharmacist's educational background, training, and experience. Differentiated position titles and competency expectations for each level are summarized. Criteria for pharmacist placement and promotion from one completely level to another are outlined. The administration of the program is described, including budget considerations and methods for evaluating its effectiveness. This system recognizes and rewards accomplishments of staff pharmacists without removing them from patient care roles. PMID- 7282719 TI - Effect of intravenous furosemide on serum theophylline concentration. AB - The effect of furosemide on the serum theophylline concentration (STC) was investigated in 10 patients at steady state on a continuous i.v. aminophylline infusion. A baseline STC was obtained 48 hours after the initiation of the maintenance infusion. The patients were monitored closely for the last 24 hours of the maintenance period with hourly flow records to assure the same continuous rate. Urine output was measured over four hours, then, a 40-mg dose of furosemide was administered i.v. over two minutes, and the aminophylline infusion was continued at the same rate. Urine output was measured for four hours after the furosemide dose, and then a second STC was obtained. The 40-mg furosemide i.v. bolus injection caused an average increase of 2.9 micrograms/ml in STC, with a range of 0.5--5.5 micrograms/ml. The urine volumes increased by an average of 995 ml above the baseline, with a range of 630--1377 ml. Both of the increases were significant at the p less than 0.005 level. Patients stabilized on a theophylline dosage regimen should be monitored closely during the addition or discontinuation of furosemide therapy. Furosemide has been shown to be another factor that can alter STC.U PMID- 7282720 TI - Interference of cephalosporins and cefoxitin with serum creatinine determination. AB - The interference of cephalosporins and cefoxitin with serum creatinine (Crs) determinations was studied. Various concentrations of cephapirin, cefazolin, cefamandole, cephalothin, and cefoxitin were added to serum samples. Apparent creatinine concentrations were measured with the Beckman ASTRA, Technicon SMAC, and DuPont ACA analyzers. Pharmacokinetic models were used to predict serum drug concentrations as a function of time and renal function and to estimate the magnitude of interference in varying situations. The magnitude of the interference was proportional to the concentration of the drug in the sample and additive with baseline concentrations of creatinine in the serum. Negligible interferences occurred with cephapirin, cefazolin, and cefamandole. False elevations (i.e., Crs greater than or equal to 0.2 mg/dl over baseline) were detected with clinically achievable serum concentrations of cephalothin and cefoxitin. For patients with normal renal function (creatinine clearance greater than 50 ml/min), this drug interaction would be negligible from 20 minutes to two hours after drug administration, depending on the assay used. For patients with renal failure, measurable interferences could persist for up to 16 hours after dose administration. The critical concentrations were different for the three procedures and both antibiotics. The degree of interference varies with the assay procedure used, the serum concentration of the drug, and the patient's renal function. To minimize drug interference, blood samples for serum creatinine determinations should be drawn at the time of minimum drug concentration. PMID- 7282721 TI - Acute renal failure associated with chronic antacid ingestion. AB - A case of acute renal failure apparently caused by ingestion of large amounts of a magnesium-containing antacid is reported. A 51-year-old man was hospitalized with complete anuria and an associated hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia. He had been taking 25-30 magnesium trisilicate-aluminum hydroxide (Gelusil) tablets daily for several years to relieve symptoms of gastritis. A renal sonogram and a retrograde pyelogram demonstrated the presence of multiple renal stones that were found to be composed of magnesium-ammonium-phosphate crystals. The patients required surgical removal of the stones and placement of ureteral catheters before renal function improved. An intravenous pyelogram performed four weeks after discharge revealed no apparent residual damage. The etiology, incidence, and characteristics of magnesium-ammonium-phosphate stones are discussed. Previous reports of renal stones associated with magnesium-containing antacids are reviewed. PMID- 7282722 TI - Acute renal failure after acetaminophen overdose: report of two cases. AB - Two cases of acute tubular necrosis without hepatic failure following acetaminophen overdose are reported. A 19-year-old Caucasian woman ingested 100 500-mg capsules of acetaminophen. She was admitted to a hospital 68 hours after ingestion, and serum acetaminophen concentration 70 hours after ingestion was 3 microgram/ml. Liver-function test results were markedly elevated, and urinalysis was abnormal on admission. Liver function improved over the next five days, but the patient's renal function deteriorated. Her condition initially was diagnosed as prerenal azotemia, but was later consistent with acute tubular necrosis. Hemodialysis was begun on the fifth day of hospitalization. On the eleventh hospital day, the patient's renal function began to improve, and she was subsequently discharged. In the second case, a 19-year-old Spanish-American woman ingested 30 500-mg capsules of acetaminophen. She was seen in an emergency room 16 hours after the ingestion; her serum acetaminophen concentration was 32 microgram/ml 19 hours after ingestion. Oral acetylcysteine therapy was begun, and liver-function test results were elevated and peaked on the third hospital day. Renal function began to decline on the fifth hospital day; her condition was consistent with acute tubular necrosis. She was hemodialyzed once, and her renal function improved on the tenth hospital day. She was subsequently discharged. It is concluded that acute renal failure without prior hepatic failure may occur after acetaminophen overdose. PMID- 7282724 TI - Nafcillin interference with quantitative protein urinalysis. PMID- 7282723 TI - Dilution of oral and intravenous aminophylline preparations. PMID- 7282725 TI - Ibuprofen-induced visual disturbance. PMID- 7282726 TI - Nutrition and aging: some unanswered questions. PMID- 7282727 TI - Anticancer drug development and federal regulation: protection against progress? PMID- 7282728 TI - Effect of chronic hypercalcemia on the heart. An analysis of 18 necropsy patients. AB - Certain clinical and morphologic cardiac observations are described in 18 necropsy patients, aged 33 to 58 years (mean 45 years) (14 women), with chronic hypercalcemia (11.6 to 34.4 mg/dl [19.4]) from one to nine years (mean five years). Primary hyperparathyroidism was present in nine patients and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the other nine (of renal origin in seven). Cardiac valve anular and coronary arterial calcific deposits were present in 10 patients (Group I) including four (mean age 51 years) with considerable narrowing of two or three of the four major epicardial coronary arteries. None of the other eight patients (Group II) had cardiac valve anular or cuspal calcific deposits; only two had coronary calcific deposits, small in each, and none had significant coronary luminal narrowing. Calcium was in the media ("medial calcinosis"), with or without intimal deposition, of the coronary arteries in five patients. Comparison of the patients in Group I to those in Group II disclosed similar mean ages, durations of hypercalcemia and serum calcium levels, but significantly (p less than 0.05) higher mean total serum cholesterol levels (216 versus 163 mg/dl) and heart weights (426 versus 320 g). This study demonstrates that chronic hypercalcemia is associated with accelerated deposition of calcium in the cardiac anuli and valvular cusps, in the media and intima of the coronary arteries and in individual myocardial fibers (dystrophic calcification), and that coronary intimal calcification may be associated with or produce luminal narrowing, especially in patients with serum total cholesterol levels over 200 mg/dl. Thus, chronic hypercalcemia may be viewed as a "risk factor" to accelerated coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 7282730 TI - Calcaneal abnormalities and erosive bone disease associated with sickle cell anemia. AB - Although the arthritis of sickle cell anemia has generally been considered noninflammatory, published studies suggest the existence of an inflammatory variety. The common association of bone abnormalities with inflammatory arthritis precipitated a radiographic evaluation of 100 patients, chosen at random from those followed at the University of Tennessee Sickle Cell Center. Erosive disease was identified in 14 percent. This was correlated with clinical manifestations in a longitudinal manner. Loss of definition of the cortical margin in the superior aspect of the calcaneus appears to be erosive in nature. It has not been observed previously and may be pathognomonic for sickle cell anemia. Arthrographic and gross pathologic material is presented in support of this hypothesis. PMID- 7282729 TI - Pericardial disease in patients with cancer. The differentiation of malignant from idiopathic and radiation-induced pericarditis. AB - Pericardial disease developed in 31 patients with a variety of malignancies. Half of the patients (58 percent) were found to have malignant pericardial involvement, 32 percent idiopathic pericarditis and 10 percent radiation-related pericarditis. Facial swelling, cardiac arrhythmias and pericardial tamponade occurred frequently in the patients with malignant pericardial disease. Fever, pericardial friction rub and improvement with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs characterized the patients with idiopathic pericarditis. Effusive constrictive pericarditis requiring pericardiectomy was noted in patients with radiation-induced disease. Pericardiocentesis documented malignant pericardial disease in 85 percent of patients studied, while 15 percent required open biopsy for diagnosis. Specific therapy directed at malignant pericardial disease may contribute to survival up to one year in 25 percent of patients. In 40 percent of patients with idiopathic pericarditis and in the majority of patients with radiation-induced pericarditis, survival was one year with specific therapy. A systematic evaluation of pericardial disease will benefit a subset of cancer patients with idiopathic pericarditis and radiation-induced pericarditis who can be managed conservatively. PMID- 7282732 TI - Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled comparison of propranolol and verapamil in the treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris. AB - This study was performed to compare the relative efficacies of propranolol and verapamil in patients with stable angina pectoris. In 18 patients (16 men, two women, mean age 58 years) with coronary artery disease and angina of effort, the results of low (40 mg every 6 hours) and high-dose (80 mg every 6 hours) propranolol therapy were compared to those of low (80 mg every 6 hours) and high dose (120 mg every 6 hours) verapamil therapy in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation which lasted eight weeks: two weeks of placebo therapy, two weeks of propranolol or verapamil (one week low-dose, one week high dose) therapy, three days of down-titration followed by one week of placebo therapy, two weeks of propranolol or verapamil therapy (whichever was not given earlier in the trial) (one week low-dose, one week hgh-dose) and three days of down-titration. During each period the following were quantitated: (1) chest pains/week; (2) nitroglycerin used/week; (3) transient ischemic S-T segment deviations and highest grade of ventricular ectopic activity on two-channel Holter monitor; (4) S-T segment deviations during supine bicycle exercise; (5) left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction at rest and during exercise (assessed by equilibrium gated blood pool scintigraphy); and (6) pulmonary function studies. Propranolol and high-dose verapamil therapy significantly reduced the frequency of angina, and high-dose verapamil therapy diminished both the need for nitroglycerin and the frequency of transient ischemic S-T segment deviations on Holter monitor. Neither agent exerted a clinically-important deleterious influence on left ventricular volumes or the ejection fraction. Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume were worsened by propranolol but not by verapamil. Thus, in the patient with angina of effort, verapamil is a satisfactory therapeutic alternative to propranolol. PMID- 7282733 TI - Comparison of oral aminophylline and aerosol metaproterenol in asthma. AB - The bronchodilator efficacy of oral aminophylline and aerosol metaproterenol was compared in 18 asthmatic patients in a stable clinical condition. Treatment consisted of four regimens in a double-blind random sequence on four different days after withholding bronchodilators: (1) the administration of aminophylline tablets, 0.4 to 0.6 g, orally, (2) 3 puffs of aerosol metaproterenol administered in a sequential manner, (3) a combination of both, (4) placebos. Both oral aminophylline and aerosol metaproterenol produced significant bronchodilatation measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). After the administration of aerosol metaproterenol, there was a more prompt and larger improvement in FEV1 than after the administration of aminophylline (p less than 0.01). The combined therapy produced a response which was larger, but not significantly, than the effect of metaproterenol. Side effects were frequent after the administration of aminophylline but absent after aerosol metaproterenol. The advantages of the aerosol adrenergic agonists are the prompt onset of action and efficacy, small dosage preferentially delivered to the bronchial tree and lack of side effects. PMID- 7282734 TI - Clinicopathologic conference: progressive renal failure with hematuria in a 62 year old man. PMID- 7282735 TI - Cardiac catheterization under echocardiographic control in a pregnant woman. AB - A 22 year old woman had signs of rheumatic mitral and aortic valve disease early in pregnancy. Cardiac catheterization was performed during her third month of pregnancy under two-dimensional echocardiographic control without the use of ionizing radiation. Severe mitral stenosis with mild aortic stenosis was found. Five cubic centimeters of 5 percent dextrose in water were injected by hand to obtain left ventriculograms and supravalvular aortograms of sufficient quality to diagnose valvular regurgitation. The use of "echo-catheterization" may have significant advantages in selected clinical situations. PMID- 7282736 TI - Evidence for increased permeability in reexpansion pulmonary edema. AB - Concurrent analyses of the colloid osmotic pressure of pulmonary edema fluid and serum were performed in two patients with reexpansion pulmonary edema. In addition, pulmonary artery wedge pressure was measured during pulmonary edema in one patient. The colloid osmotic pressure of the pulmonary edema fluid was 73 and 81 percent of the serum value. The pulmonary arterial wedge pressure in one patient was within normal limits (8 mm Hg). Reexpansion pulmonary edema appears to be due to increased pulmonary capillary permeability rather than to hemodynamic mechanisms. PMID- 7282731 TI - Disabling angina pectoris with normal coronary arteries in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. AB - Reports of patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis presenting with angina pectoris have usually shown severe coronary atherosclerosis. We studied a series of nine patients undergoing regular maintenance dialysis referred for incapacitating angina. Of them, four had strictly normal coronary angiograms. The patients with normal angiograms were all females who were significantly younger (p less than 0.05) and had more severe hypertension and higher left ventricular wall stress than patients showing coronary artery lesions. Anemia and increased myocardial oxygen consumption due to high blood pressure may explain the syndrome of angina pectoris in the presence of long-term dialysis in patients with normal coronary arteries. The prevalence of this association cannot be ascertained unless prospective studies are conducted. However, our data suggest that it might not be an uncommon finding. PMID- 7282737 TI - Chronic blastomycotic meningitis. AB - Three cases of blastomycosis which presented as chronic meningitis are reported. Blastomycotic meningitis is an uncommon form of chronic fungal meningitis and is difficult to diagnose during life unless the patient has obvious systemic blastomycosis elsewhere. Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid obtained by lumbar tap is usually not diagnostic. Obstructive hydrocephalus developed in all three patients during the course of their fungal meningitis. Culture of ventricular fluid yielded the fungus in all three patients (although only after death in one case). One patient received only minimal therapy before death whereas the third patient received a full course of amphotericin B with restoration to his premorbid state. Blastomycosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic meningitis and, when suspected, the cisternal or ventricular fluid should be sampled. PMID- 7282738 TI - Antibiotic therapy of bacterial meningitis: lessons we've learned. PMID- 7282739 TI - Prevention of kidney stones. PMID- 7282740 TI - Distinctive anthropometric characteristics of women with mitral valve prolapse. AB - We examined the hypothesis that mitral valve prolapse is often associated with an inherited, anthropometrically distinct habitus. Using standard echo- and phonocardiographic techniques, we identified 60 subjects with mitral valve prolapse, 21 first-degree relatives (12 with mitral valve prolapse and nine normal) and a control group of 57 normal women. Patients with "silent" (echo only) mitral valve prolapse or the Marfan syndrome were excluded. Analysis of measurements taken of the first 39 patients and 46 control subjects revealed that, in relation to their height, patients with mitral valve prolapse had narrower anteroposterior chest diameters and longer arm spans than did the women in the control group. Linear discriminant analysis produced the equation: Z = 17.511 + 98.6 (anteroposterior chest diameter/height)--27.3 (arm span/height). Those with mitral valve prolapse tended to score below zero (mean, --0.62), whereas normal subjects tended to score above zero (mean, --0.39; p less than 0.001). The equation was tested prospectively on 53 subjects, including the 21 family members, and correctly classified 75 percent of all unrelated subjects and 86 percent of the family members as normal or having mitral valve prolapse. Both mitral valve prolapse and discriminant classification followed an autosomally dominant pattern of inheritance. We conclude that a significant proportion of patients with mitral valve prolapse have an autosomally dominant, inherited, anthropometrically distinct habitus, suggesting that mitral valve prolapse is only one component of a generalized developmental syndrome. PMID- 7282741 TI - Measles pneumonia in young adults. An analysis of 106 cases. AB - Measles occurred in 3,220 Air Force recruits between January 1976 and July 1979 and was complicated by pneumonia in 106 cases (3.3 percent). Although no deaths occurred, the illness was characterized as clinically severe with high fever and prolonged hospitalization (mean, 14.5 days). Bacterial superinfection as documented by transtracheal aspiration occurred in 35 cases (30.3 percent) and was caused by Hemophilus influenzae (18), Hemophilus parainfluenzae (two), Neisseria meningitidis (nine), Streptococcus pneumoniae (three), Streptococcus pyogenes (two) and Moraxella kingae (one). Clinical evidence of bronchospasm was present in 18 patients (17 percent) and required bronchodilators in six. Other complications included liver function abnormalities (31 percent), otitis media (29 percent) and sinusitis (25 percent). Measles pneumonia in adolescents is clinically severe with a generally benign outcome. PMID- 7282743 TI - Long-term follow up of ovarian function in women treated with MOPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. AB - Twenty-seven women previously treated with MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) chemotherapy were evaluated to determine the status of ovarian function. All patients had completed therapy a median of nine years earlier and had a median age of 30 years at the time of evaluation. Persistent amenorrhea has occurred in 11 of 24 patients (46 percent) treated with MOPP alone or MOPP plus radiation excluding the pelvis. Of patients with amenorrhea, 89 percent were older than age 25 at the time of treatment. In contrast, 80 percent of patients younger than age 25 at treatment continue to menstruate regularly. The time from diagnosis to amenorrhea was significantly shorter in the older patients (p = 0.001). Evaluation of serum gonadotropin and estradiol levels confirms ovarian failure as the cause of amenorrhea in all patients. Overall, these 27 patients have borne 13 normal children subsequent to chemotherapy. This long-term follow-up study demonstrates that chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure is age-related, that ovarian failure is often gradual in onset following the completion of chemotherapy and that, to date, the children born of women treated with this chemotherapy regimen appear to be entirely normal. PMID- 7282742 TI - Long-term follow-up in patients with aplastic anemia. A study of 137 androgen treated patients surviving more than two years. Joint Group for the Study of Aplastic and Refractory Anemias. PMID- 7282744 TI - Abnormal calcium-regulated PTH release in normal parathyroid tissue from patients with adenoma. AB - The regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion by calcium was studied in normal and abnormal parathyroid tissue from five patients with a parathyroid adenoma. Dispersed cells were prepared from the adenoma and from a portion of a normal parathyroid gland and were incubated for two hours with varying concentrations of calcium. PTH release as a function of the concentration of calcium was determined by radioimmunoassay (C-terminal). Cells from the normal glands showed a lower set-point for calcium (the concentration of calcium causing half of the maximal inhibition of PTH release) than those from the adenomas in four of five cases. Moreover, both set-point and maximal PTH release at low concentrations of calcium were significantly lower in normal glands from patients with an adenoma than in normal glands from patients with normal calcium homeostasis (0.77 +/- 0.04 [SEM] versus 0.99 +/- 0.03 mM calcium and 3.4 +/- 0.43 versus 10.1 +/- 0.78 ng/10(5) cells/hr, respectively). These observations may explain, in part, the transient hypocalcemia frequently seen in patients after removal of a parathyroid adenoma. In addition, they suggest that the set-point for calcium and maximal PTH release in normal parathyroid tissue may be altered by prior exposure to chronic hypercalcemia or other physiologic variables. Finally, the "normal" set-point that we have noted previously in parathyroid tissue from some patients with primary parathyroid hyperplasia may be inappropriately high for the hypercalcemia seen in those cases. PMID- 7282745 TI - Invasive aspergillosis. Progress in early diagnosis and treatment. AB - Ninety-one patients with documented invasive infections due to an Aspergillus species were identified at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from July 1, 1971, through December 31, 1976. Of the 29 patients in whom the diagnosis was made during life, 10 had successful treatment and survived the Aspergillus infection by two to 17 months. An immunodiffusion test was useful in the early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, and in 11 patients in whom the diagnosis was supported by seroconversion and who underwent treatment, the survival rate was 64 percent. Cultures of respiratory secretions were not reliable because they often reflected only colonization. In one year, only 9 percent of he patients with Aspergillus species isolated from the sputum had an invasive infection. The lung was the commonest site of involvement, 91 percent of the patients having pulmonary lesions. The most frequently affected extrapulmonary organ was the brain (18.3 percent). Eight patients had nonpulmonary aspergillosis as the only manifestation of this infection. Most of the 91 patients had hematologic neoplasms as the underlying disease, and neutropenia and antibacterial therapy preceded the diagnosis of aspergillosis in the majority of cases. PMID- 7282746 TI - Renal manifestations of the staphylococcal toxic-shock syndrome. AB - Twenty-three women of ages 13 to 44 years were hospitalized with illnesses fulfilling the criteria of the case definition for the toxic-shock syndrome (TSS) associated with coagulase-positive staphylococci. Disease onset occurred during menses in 22, and all were oliguric when admitted. Prolonged hypotension and a reduced central venous pressure were common features. Measurements of urine volume and creatinine clearance in eight patients identified two types of acute renal failure, oliguric and nonoliguric, and prerenal azotemia related to intravascular volume depletion. Urinary sodium excretion and measurement of the renal index (UNa divided by U/PCr) provided further support for the presence of both prerenal and intrinsic renal failure. Hemodialysis was required in one patient in whom findings on renal nuclide scan were consistent with acute tubular necrosis. Pyuria was frequent, but proteinuria and more than five erythrocytes per high-power field were infrequent. Other features included initial hyponatremia and the combination of hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia of several days' duration. The hypoalbuminemia was believed to be due to exudation of protein from the intra- to the extravascular space. The hypoalbuminemia was believed to be due to exudation of protein from the intra- to the extravascular space. The hypocalcemia was probably related to the hypoalbuminemia. The pathogenesis of hypophosphatemia in the presence of acute renal failure is unclear. Following the intravenous administration of colloids, fluids and, in seven patients, dopamine, all recovered from the acute illness. PMID- 7282747 TI - High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in male alcoholics with and without severe liver disease. AB - In a study of 26 male alcoholics, the subgroup without severe liver disease showed significant elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in the immediate post-intoxication period: HDL levels decreased to control levels after one to two weeks of abstinence. Those patients with advanced liver disease failed to show this ethanol-induced rise in HDL. We were not able to correlate these observations with any variation in sex hormone levels, nutritional indices, age or quantity of alcohol intake. We concluded that ethanol consumption in alcoholics is associated with an increase in HDL levels, which is offset by the development of alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 7282749 TI - Invasive external otitis. Report of 21 cases and review of the literature. AB - We report 21 cases of invasive external otitis and review 130 cases from the English literature. Invasive external otitis is the term that most appropriately describes the locally invasive Pseudomonas infections that begins in the external ear canal, breaches the epithelial barrier and results in signs of local subcutaneous tissue invasion. Nineteen patients were diabetic. FIfteen of these 19 had preexistent, long-standing diabetes (average 15.8 years) and 10 had microvascular disease. Studies of the skin of the temporal bone in two patients provided evidence of diabetic microangiopathy of the dermal capillaries. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from the involved area in all cases. All patients without neurologic deficits survived, compared with six of nine with deficits of the central nervous system. All 13 patients in whom initial therapy was successful received a combination of an aminoglycoside and a semisynthetic penicillin, whereas all six episodes of recurrent disease occurred when only one antibiotic was used. The overall mortality was 15 percent (three of 20 in whom the long-term outcome is known). We propose that diabetic microangiopathy of the skin of the temporal bone results in poor local perfusion and creates an environment well suited for invasion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There is a good correlation between the extent of disease clinically and prognosis. Effective treatment requires early diagnosis and combination therapy with an aminoglycoside and a semisynthetic penicillin. PMID- 7282748 TI - Characterization of hypocholesterolemia in myeloproliferative disease. Relation to disease manifestations and activity. AB - Characterization of the hypocholesterolemia observed in polycythemia vera and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia revealed significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in an age- and sex-matched comparison with the Framingham population. Men with myeloproliferative disease also had significantly lower total and LDL cholesterol levels than did those with relative or secondary polycythemia. LDL and HDL cholesterol were significantly correlated, suggesting a generalized disturbance of cholesterol metabolism, unexplained by nutritional status. Evaluation of the relationship among hematic cell proliferation, degree of myeloid metaplasia and hypocholesterolemia by multiple regression analysis revealed that spleen size was the variable of most significance in explaining the variation in plasma total, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels. Uncontrolled disease activity was accompanied by a decline in LDL cholesterol levels. Splenectomy or control of proliferation with chemotherapy or splenic irradiation reversed this abnormality. Levels of plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol provide information that may be of value in diagnosis and assessment of myeloproliferative disease activity. PMID- 7282751 TI - Prevention of calcium nephrolithiasis with low-dose thiazide, amiloride and allopurinol. AB - We report 5 years' experience with low-dose hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg/day and amiloride, 5 mg/day, in 519 patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. Additional treatment with allopurinol, 100 mg/day was prescribed for approximately 50 percent of the patients. All patients had active stone formation, having 3,464 stones in 3,126 patient-years (6.67 stones per patient, 1.10 stones per year). Hypercalciuria was present in 65 percent of the patients and hyperuricosuria in 24 percent. The administration of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide was effective in reducing urinary calcium excretion in most patients. It is possible that the hypocalciuric effect of hydrochlorothiazide were enhanced by amiloride, an agent which has been shown to cause hypocalciuria when given alone. Significant side effects requiring discontinuation of the drug were observed in only 5 percent of the patients. During 872.8 patient-years of treatment, only 53 new stones were formed (0.10 stones per patient, 0.06 stones per year) in contrast with the 916 predicted ones. The difference (chi-square) is statistically significant (p less than 0.001). These results show that the administration of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride, either alone or in association with allopurinol, is clinically effective in reducing the rate of recurrence of calcium nephrolithiasis. PMID- 7282753 TI - Symposium on nifedipine in angina pectoris. Foreward. PMID- 7282752 TI - Circulatory improvement after hydralazine or isosorbide dinitrate administration in patients with heart failure. Effect on metabolic responses to submaximal exercise. AB - Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate can increase the cardiac output during submaximal exercise in patients with heart failure but whether this increase improves oxygen delivery to underperfused exercising muscle is uncertain. To investigate this question, we measured three systemic markers of skeletal muscle oxygen availability--exercise VO2, mixed venous lactate concentration and oxygen debt--during submaximal exercise in 15 patients with heart failure both before after hydralazine (nine patients) or isosorbide dinitrate (eight patients) administration. Hydralazine increased the cardiac output during exercise from 4.9 +/- 1.2 liter/min to 6.5 +/- 1.8 liter/min (p less than 0.01) but had no effect on exercise VO2 (control, 531 +/- 135 ml/min; hydralazine, 489 +/- 102 ml/min), peak lactate concentration (control, 18.3 +/- 4.2 mg/dl; hydralazine, 17.9 +/- 3.6 mg/dl) or oxygen debt (control, 474 +/- 213 ml; hydralazine, 465 +/- 170 ml) (all p greater than 0.10). Isosorbide dinitrate increased the cardiac output during exercise from 4.6 +/- 0.9 liter/min to 5.3 +/- 0.8 liter/min (p less than 0.01) but also did not change exercise VO2 (control, 488 +/- 62 ml/min; isosorbide, 473 +/- 44 ml/min), peak lactate concentration (control, 19.2 +/- 6.0 mg/dl; isosorbide, 21.4 +/- 8.2 mg/dl) or oxygen debt (control, 522 +/- 154 ml; isosorbide, 445 +/- 147 ml) (all p less than 0.10). We conclude that short-term administration of hydralazine or nitrates to patients with heart failure can substantially improve circulatory function during exercise but that this improvement probably does not enhance skeletal muscle nutritional flow. PMID- 7282750 TI - Is selective therapy of recurrent nephrolithiasis possible? AB - We evaluated, in 128 patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis, the efficacy of special treatment programs for some of the common causes of nephrolithiasis, chosen on the basis of their ability to correct underlying physicochemical and physiologic derangements. Therapy included sodium cellulose phosphate for 18 patients with absorptive hypercalciuria, thiazide diuretics for 27 patients with absorptive hypercalciuria and for 10 with renal hypercalciuria, orthophosphate for eight patients with hypophosphatemic absorptive hypercalciuria, allopurinol for 21 patients with hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, thiazide and allopurinol for 26 patients with absorptive hypercalciuria with hyperuricosuria, and high fluid intake and/or low calcium diet for 22 patients with normocalciuric nephrolithiasis. Patients in all seven groups had a significant reduction in stone formation during 1.70 to 3.37 years of treatment, as compared with the pretreatment period of three years. Remission was found in 70 to 91 percent of patients and reduced stone formation rate was encountered in 88 to 100 percent. Each treatment program produced a significant decline in stone formation rate from 1.90 to 2.28 stones per year to 0.09 to 0.55 stones per year. The actual number of stones formed during treatment was significantly lower than the number predicted from the pretreatment frequency of stone formation (less than 26 percent). The results provide evidence supporting a selective approach to therapy of nephrolithiasis. PMID- 7282754 TI - A new rationale for the clinical approach to the patient with angina pectoris. PMID- 7282755 TI - Modification of left ventricular response to pacing tachycardia in nifedipine in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - The calcium blocking agent nifedipine was shown to protect the isolated left ventricle against the development of altered diastolic compliance during severe global ischemia. To assess the influence of nifedipine during myocardial ischemia in human subjects, we studied the effect of nifedipine (20 mg sublingually) on the hemodynamic response to pacing tachycardia (heart rate 66 +/- 4 to 143 +/- 4 beats per minute) in 17 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. Typical anginal pain occurred in all patients during pacing tachycardia before nifedipine, but in only 3 of 17 patients during pacing after nifedipine. In 11 patients a significant (greater than or equal to 5 mm Hg) increase in postpacing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP, 15 +/- 2 mm Hg to 28 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) developed, and was associated with an upward shift of the left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume curve. In these patients, pretreatment with nifedipine did not alter resting LVEDP or aortic pressure, but did attenuate or abolish the increase n LVEDP and the shift in left ventricular diastolic pressure volume curves after pacing tachycardia to the same rate and for the same duration. The antianginal effect of nifedipine was not associated with a reduction in contractility, because there was no change in LV + dp/dt after nifedipine. However, the increase in left ventricular systolic pressure achieved in response to pacing tachycardia was less after nifedipine. We conclude that nifedipine favorably modifies the symptomatic and hemodynamic response to pacing tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease. The mechanism is uncertain and could involve a direct myocardial effect, peripheral vasodilation, coronary vasodilation or a combination of these effects. PMID- 7282757 TI - Anterior chest wall abscess in a 29 year old woman. PMID- 7282756 TI - Influence of nifedipine left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Relationships to manifestations of ischemia and congestive failure. PMID- 7282758 TI - Granulomatous hepatitis associated with carbamazepine therapy. PMID- 7282759 TI - Multiple pulmonary arterial aneurysms in Behcet's disease and Hughes-Stovin syndrome. AB - Four case studies of patients with angiographically documented pulmonary arterial aneurysms are presented. In two cases, Behcet's disease was diagnosed; one case corresponded to the syndrome described by Hughes and Stovin, that is, venous thrombosis especially of the vena cava accompanied by singular or multiple pulmonary arterial aneurysms in young patients; and the last case could best be described as an association of the two. Our observations lead us to question the existing notions concerning the relationship between Behcet's disease and Hughes Stovin syndrome-the clinical, angiographic and histologic aspects of the vascular manifestations are comparable. Typically the two diseases run similar courses with death resulting frm the rupture of the aneurysms and massive hemoptysis. These case studies cast certain doubts as to the effectiveness of the corticosteroid treatment usually prescribed. Finally, we suggest that Hughes Stovin syndrome might be, in fact, a manifestation of Behcet's disease. PMID- 7282760 TI - Treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7282761 TI - Cholesterol and apoprotein quantitation in lipoproteins. AB - Lipids are solubilized and transported by associating with carrier proteins (apoproteins) to form lipoproteins. Their physical and chemical properties allow separation, quantification and characterization by both the lipid and protein portions of these macromolecules. Separation and quantitation methods based on the lipid-protein content include ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis and precipitation. Measurements of LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol and the associated methodological variations and errors are discussed. As the physiological roles of apoproteins are elucidated, their quantitative values, determined by immunochemical methods, can be used for describing and diagnosing disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 7282762 TI - The clinical laboratory and hyperlipidemia: a clinician's view. AB - Many patients with hyperlipidemia are without symptoms, thus laboratory data are often the sole index of therapeutic success or failure. Aggressive laboratory investigation of patient and family may identify inherited hyperlipidemia long before the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. The classification system of Fredrickson et al and Goldstein et al are reviewed from an historical and a clinician's point of view. Specific phenotypes and phenocopies, their causes, clinical manifestations, and management are presented. The basic laboratory assessment of hyperlipidemia is described, specialized testing is reviewed, and promising new methodologies are discussed. PMID- 7282763 TI - ASMT white paper on health care cost containment. PMID- 7282764 TI - Containing cost through competition: the new wave. AB - The enormous increases in outlays for federal health care program beneficiaries have prompted national policy developers to look for effective means to contain health care expenditures. Past attempts to do so through Federal regulation have not worked because they were not directed at creating incentives to contain cost. In the Reagan Administration, the most talked-about alternative is a comprehensive reform of health care financing and delivery through instituting a competitive model. The plan will be discussed extensively in the 97th Congress; the outcome of that debate can have profound effects on the methods by which Americans receive and pay for health services. PMID- 7282766 TI - A laboratory productivity monitoring system. AB - Over the years, hospitals have attempted to organize and install systems for measuring laboratory workloads and evaluating personnel needs. However, successful accomplishment of this goal has eluded many facilities because of failure to integrate such systems into the normal operating management routine of the laboratory and the hospital. This paper focuses on how to develop a personnel productivity monitoring system that surmounts the classical errors. It includes an overview of procedures that should be used to quantify personnel needs and presents a reporting system which can be utilized by laboratory management to monitor personnel productivity on an ongoing basis. PMID- 7282765 TI - Federal laboratory regulation: operational improvement and cost impact. PMID- 7282767 TI - Hematology problem. PMID- 7282768 TI - In appreciation of jumping Frenchmen. PMID- 7282769 TI - Psychological aspects of genetic counseling: analysis of a transcript. AB - A transcript of a genetic counseling session is presented and discussed by 2 separate readers. The style of counseling emphasized content material at the expense of process. The counselor avoided or evaded affective issues and thus limited his ability to clarify the current attitudes and beliefs of the counselees as well as to identify their future needs. However, one empathic intervention did have an important impact on changing the tone of the session. The issues of directiveness and neutrality were examined in light of the process of the session. The counselor appeared to be largely nondirective in his advice giving and ostensibly neutral in his educational approach. Nevertheless, his overall counseling strategy seemed to be aimed at persuading the counselees to agree to have the amniocentesis procedure. The need for more information on what actually occurs in the course of genetic counseling is underscored. PMID- 7282770 TI - The King syndrome: malignant hyperthermia, myopathy, and multiple anomalies. AB - Heterogeneity in malignant hyperthermia is being recognized with increasing frequency. In 1973, King described a subgroup of malignant hyperthermia patients with slowly progressive myopathy, short stature, kyphoscoliosis, pectus carinatum, cryptorchidism, and a characteristic facial appearance. Seven cases have been reported, all in males. We present the case of a girl with similar clinical findings who died in a malignant hyperthermia crisis and review the previously reported cases of King syndrome. The delineation of King syndrome provides further evidence for the heterogeneity of malignant hyperthermia and increases awareness of this disorder; its recognition in a female may lead to preoperative diagnosis and prevention of malignant hyperthermia crisis in King syndrome patients. PMID- 7282771 TI - Long survival in trisomy-13-syndrome: 21 cases including prolonged survival in two patients 11 and 19 years old. AB - The mean survival in Trisomy-13-syndrome patients is reported to be 130 days. We have diagnosed 21 cases of this syndrome in this institution (11 females and 10 males); 15 patients had regular trisomy 13 and 6 had translocation-trisomy 13 karyotypes. The mean survival of the 19 patients who died was 97.05 days; translocation patients survived longer than regular trisomy patients. The oldest living patients with trisomy 13 are a girl 19 and a boy 11 years old. Both are black, have regular trisomy 13 karyotypes and have had most of the manifestations of the syndrome. No mosaicism was detected in repeated cytogenetic studies. The 19-year-old patient is the oldest known living person with regular trisomy 13. PMID- 7282772 TI - A previously unreported, dominantly inherited syndrome of shortness of stature, ear malformations, and hip dislocation: the coxoauricular syndrome--autosomal or X-linked male-lethal. AB - We reported an apparently previously undescribed syndrome, designated the coxoauricular syndrome, in a mother and her 3 daughters, all of whom shared in variable manner shortness of stature, minor vertebral and pelvic changes, dislocated hip(s), and microtia with corresponding hearing loss. The oldest daughter had coincidental Ullrich-Turner syndrome with 46, Xdel(X)(q 13) chromosome constitution. Inheritance of the trait in this family is dominant, either autosomal or X-linked, with hemizygote lethality. PMID- 7282773 TI - Psychosocial aspects of patients with the Ullrich-Turner syndrome. AB - Family and social background and psychosexual and psychomotor development were studied on 24 patients with the Ullrich-Turner syndrome ranging in age from 9 months to 18 years. Infancy is often characterized by mild feeding problems and sleeping difficulty. Early motor development is normal or mildly delayed but acquisition of speech and toilet training appear to be appropriate for age. Social skills are excellent. Psychopathology is not a significant aspect of the Ullrich-Turner syndrome. Psychological tests support the findings of verbal IQ exceeding performance IQ, space-form perceptual deficits, and visual motor deficit. No difference of intelligence was found between apparently nonmosaic and mosaic types of Ullrich-Turner syndrome. The degree of parental understanding and appropriate attitudes toward the patient and the syndrome largely depend on good family relationships, the socioeconomic level of the family, parents' personalities and their ability to cope with the implications of the syndrome, and appropriate physician's counseling. PMID- 7282774 TI - Two locus models for gluten sensitive enteropathy: population genetic considerations. AB - Familial occurrence of coeliac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy, GSE) is well known, but the mode of inheritance remains unclear. Pena et al proposed that the genetic basis for GSE was due to disease-predisposing alleles at two loci: DRw3 at the HLA-D locus and a GSE-associated B-cell alloantigen at another, unlinked locus. They concluded that clinical disease required one DRw3 (dominant inheritance) and two B-cell alloantigen alleles (recessive inheritance), but the observed gene frequencies were not consistent with the observed disease prevalence. Here we examine the gene frequencies allowed, assuming a 2-locus model, under the constraints of known disease prevalence limits and the segregation ratio calculated from 42 published families. The gene frequencies found by Pena et al predict the segregation ratio observed in the published pedigrees and the best estimates of disease prevalence of GSE, provided 1) a 2 locus model is assumed and 2) both loci exhibit recessive inheritance. The segregation ratio appears incompatible with a 2-locus dominant-recessive model without assuming reduced penetrance. PMID- 7282775 TI - Brief clinical report: early recognition of the Coffin-Lowry syndrome. AB - We report a 2-year-old male infant with the Coffin-Lowry syndrome, and describe the change in his clinical and radiographic manifestations during the first 2 years of life. Review of published cases of the Coffin-Lowry syndrome indicates that these manifestations are progressive, and that all of the associated characteristics may not be apparent in early childhood. The importance of continued evaluations of these patients and examination of relatives for mild manifestations is emphasized. PMID- 7282776 TI - Minor manifestations in preaxial polydactyly type 1 and Poland complex. AB - We report three unrelated patients: two (patients 1 and 3) with preaxial polydactyly type 1 (PPT1), and one (patient 2) with PPT1 and Poland complex, and previously undescribed minor manifestations in the parents. The mother of patient 1 has camptodactyly with mild ulnar deviation of the distal phalanx of left thumb. The mother of patient 2 has symmetrical minor changes of both hands: mild camptodactyly of digits 4 and 5; mild clinodactyly of right 5th digit; absent or hypoplastic DIP flexion creases of digits 2, 3, 4 and 5; and tight skin around the middle phalanx of the 4th fingers. The mother of patient 3 has mild camptodactyly of the proximal phalanx of the thumbs. PMID- 7282778 TI - Comprehensive planning of human genetics education: a position statement. PMID- 7282777 TI - Brief clinical report: corneal dermoids and short stature in brother and sister- a new syndrome? AB - We describe 2 sibs; brother and sister, with corneal dermoids and proportionately short stature. It is suggested that this is an autosomal recessive condition. PMID- 7282779 TI - Pathologic findings in the Wolf-Hirschhorn (4p-) syndrome. PMID- 7282781 TI - Dup(12p) and hypoplastic left heart. PMID- 7282782 TI - Recurrence risks for autosomal, epistatic two-locus systems: the effects of linkage disequilibrium. AB - The properties of the recurrence risk functions for Mendelian models involving two loci with epistatic interaction are examined. The two loci, H (hypostatic) and E (epistatic), are arbitrarily linked and diallelic. The general parameters are the genotypic frequencies and recombination fraction; the particular arguments are the number of affected and unaffected offspring. Limiting properties of the models are first described. Then, the more detailed properties of the models such as the sensitivity of the recurrence risk to the number of affected offspring are examined. If linkage disequilibrium is present, ie, the determinant of the gametic matrix is not zero, the predicted recurrence risk may resemble that empirically found in certain heritable diseases not evidently Mendelian. PMID- 7282780 TI - Possible autosomal-recessive ocular coloboma. AB - Ocular coloboma as an isolated anomaly often is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Possible autosomal recessive inheritance is suggested by the presence of colobomatous malformations in a brother and sister whose parents have apparently normal eyes. Possible genetic heterogeneity of isolated ocular coloboma makes genetic counseling in sporadic cases difficult since cases may be due to autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive mutations and nongenetic causes. PMID- 7282783 TI - The mucolipidoses: identification by abnormal electrophoretic patterns of lysosomal hydrolases. AB - The human mucolipidoses (ML) are characterized by abnormal activities and abnormal electrophoretic patterns of fibroblast lysosomal hydrolases. These altered mobility patterns can be used to confirm the clinical diagnosis of the four mucolipidoses. The mobility patterns of one nonlysosomal and seven lysosomal enzymes were tested in fibroblasts from two ML I (sialidosis type 2, infantile), fifteen ML II (I-cell disease), eight ML III (pseudohurler polydystrophy), and one ML IV patients. A single sialidosis type 2, juvenile, line was also examined. Characteristic mobility patterns were found which identify each of the four mucolipidoses. Both the ML I and sialidosis type 2 juvenile lines displayed anodal mobility patterns, but distinct differences between the two disorders were observed. Lysosomal hydrolases from ML II lines demonstrated reduced activities or had altered mobilities. Differing electrophoretic patterns demonstrated the presence of at least two groups within the clinical phenotype diagnosed as ML II, indicating heterogeneity. The ML III lines showed normal electrophoretic patterns for most lysosomal hydrolases. The ML IV line expressed normal mobilities for every enzyme studied, with a single exception. The electrophoretic patterns of only beta-hexosaminidase, acid phosphatase-2, alpha-galactosidase, and esterase A4 were sufficient to identify and distinguish the different mucolipidosis types. Electrophoretic variation was also seen in liver but not kidney extracts from three ML II patients. beta-Hexosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase B secreted into the medium by ML II and ML III fibroblasts had mobility patterns different from normal and from their intracellular patterns. These data suggest that the mucolipidoses are genetically distinct with heterogeneity within them. PMID- 7282784 TI - Peripheral motor neuropathy associated with autonomic dysfunction in two sisters: new hereditary syndrome? AB - We describe two sisters with distal, slowly progressive muscular weakness and hypotrophy since childhood, autonomic dysfunction characterized by profuse sweating, distal cyanosis related to cold weather, orthostatic hypotension, and esophageal achalasia. Nerve conduction velocity of several motor nerves was slow, and although no sensory abnormalities were present, sural nerve biopsy revealed severe nonspecific demyelination. No similar patients could be found in the literature and we therefore suggest the possibility that these individuals have a newly recognized hereditary syndrome. PMID- 7282785 TI - An alternative delivery position: new delivery chair developed and tested at Kongsberg Hospital. PMID- 7282786 TI - Proliferative and malignant Brenner tumors. Review of 47 cases. PMID- 7282787 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the uterine tube: potential for lymph node metastases. AB - A clinicopathologic study of 15 cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the uterine tube occurring over a 12-year period is presented. The mean age of the patients was 54.8 years. Predominant symptoms were abnormal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, and pelvic pain. Abnormal vaginal cytology was noted in two instances (13%). A pelvis mass was detected in two thirds of patients. The neoplasm was bilateral in three instances (20%). Lymph nodes were involved in eight cases (53%), and metastatic spread to the para-aortic nodes was present in five (33%). The most common primary treatment was total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Various combinations of adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy were also employed. Six patients (40%) are alive without evidence of recurrent cancer. It is concluded that lymphatic spread, especially to the para aortic nodes, is a major pattern of disseminaton for adenocarcinoma of the uterine tube. The presence of tumor in capillary-like spaces bears a strong relationship to lymph node metastases, and the para-aortic nodes are a frequent site of involvement even when the disease is apparently limited to the tube. PMID- 7282788 TI - Antifertility effect of azastene mediated by prostaglandin. PMID- 7282789 TI - Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with boric acid powder. AB - A double-blind comparison was made of the use of 14 daily intravaginal gelatin capsules containing 600 mg of boric acid powder versus the use of identical capsules containing 100,000 U nystatin diluted to volume with cornstarch for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis albicans. Cure rates for boric acid were 92% at 7 to 10 days after treatment and 72% at 30 days, whereas the nystatin cure rates were 64% at 7 to 10 days and 50% at 30 days. The speed of alleviation of signs and symptoms was similar for the two drugs. There were no untoward side effects, and cervical cytologic features were not affected. In vitro studies found boric acid to be fungistatic and its effectiveness to be unrelated to pH. Blood boron analyses indicated little absorption from the vagina and a half-life of less than 12 hours. Acceptance by the patients was better than for "messy" vaginal creams, and self-made capsules containing boric acid powder are inexpensive (31 cents for fourteen) compared with the costly medication commonly prescribed. PMID- 7282790 TI - The nonstress test: an evaluation of 1,000 patients. AB - In November, 1978, the fetal heart rate nonstress test (NST) was instituted as the primary screening procedure for the evaluation of fetal well-being at Vanderbilt University Hospital. The results of the first 1,000 patients tested are presented. The stillborn rate within 8 days of a reactive NST was 6.4 per 1,000, with the stillbiths occurring either in patients with diabetes mellitus or with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). A review of other series in which both the total indications for nonstressed testing and the risk groups in which stillbirths occurred within 7 days of an NST reveals that patients with diabetes mellitus (p less than 0.025) and patients with IUGR (p less than 0.01) are at greater risk for stillbirth within 7 days of an NST. Weekly nonstress testing, effective in preventing stillbirths in most risk groups, is not adequate in patients with diabetes mellitus or IUGR. PMID- 7282791 TI - Rise of blood pressure in calcium-deprived pregnant rats. AB - It has been postulated that calcium uptake is inversely related to blood pressure (BP) in animals and pregnant women. To test this hypothesis, 34 female, 142-day old Wistar rats were studied prospectively. They were randomly assigned to either a calcium-free diet (16 rats) or a normal diet (18 rats). Weekly measurements of tail systolic BP showed a statistically significant increase in BP in the calcium free group after 6 weeks of treatment. After 9 weeks on this diet, the animals were mated. Five in the control group and six in the calcium-free group became pregnant. Thereafter, both of these subgroups (pregnant and nonpregnant calcium free diet) continued with significantly higher BP until they were put to death. Blood samples taken at the end of the study showed significantly lower values of calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio, but higher inorganic phosphate in the group consuming a calcium-free diet. Blood pressure during the last 3 weeks of the study was significantly inversely correlated with the blood Ca/Mg ratio and directly correlated with magnesium and inorganic phosphate values. This article supports the hypothesis that a low-calcium diet is associated with high BP in pregnant and nonpregnant female rats. PMID- 7282793 TI - Acute puerperal inversion of the uterus. PMID- 7282792 TI - Estradiol and progesterone binding in human term placental cytosol. AB - Human term placentas were studied with regard to their ability to bind estrogens and progestins. A proteinaceous molecule was demonstrated in the high-speed supernatant fraction of disrupted cells that bound estradiol and sedimented in a sucrose density gradient with a coefficient of variation of 4 to 4.5 S with respect to bovine serum albumin. Estradiol was also bound by a single class of binding sites with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 7.35 +/- 1.10 X 10(-9) M and a concentration of binding sites of 54.67 +/- 17.62 fmol/mg protein (N = 7). A synthetic progestin tracer, R5020, was used in an exchange assay to detect any progestin binding and a Kd of 8.13 +/- 1.07 X 10(-9) M, and number of binding sites of 35 +/- 10 fmol/mg protein (N = 6) were obtained at 15 degrees C for 2 hours. No binding was observed in sucrose density gradients. The apparent specificity of the receptor protein for estrogens and progestins was demonstrated by means of competition studies. The possible role of these macromolecules in the human placenta is suggested. PMID- 7282795 TI - Urinary estrogens in postterm pregnancy. AB - A 40-month retrospective review of 677 postterm pregnancies was undertaken to determine the usefulness of 24-hour urinary estrogen per gram of creatinine (E/Cr) in monitoring such pregnancies. The cutoff value between normal and low E/Cr values was chosen at the tenth percentile (18 mg/gm). The corrected perinatal mortality rate (PMR) in post-term pregnancies with normal E/Cr was 0.23% (1/426) and was not different from that at term (0.23%; 4/1,775). However, in post-term pregnancies with low E/Cr, the corrected PMR was 9.2% (4/43), representing a 40-fold increase (P less than 0.001). The incidence of fetal distress was also significantly higher in patients with low E/Cr (57%) than in those with normal E/Cr (5.5%; P less than 0.001). It was worrisome to note that three of four stillborn infants had antepartum fetal heart testing within 4 days, which indicated fetal well-being. The E/Cr appears to be a reliable test for identifying those postterm pregnancies at risk that might benefit from obstetric intervention. PMID- 7282794 TI - Amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol in stressed pregnancies. PMID- 7282796 TI - Short-term variability of fetal heart rate in cholestasis of pregnancy. AB - Maternal cholestasis affects about 1% of pregnancies in Finland. Although maternal prognosis in obstetric cholestasis is always good, an increased fetal risk has been reported by several authors. In this paper the differential index (DI), describing the short-term variability of fetal heart rate, was measured in 64 pregnancies with colestasis of pregnancy by a microprocessor-based "on-line" method, which uses abdominal fetal electrocardiogram as a triggering signal. The analysis was successfull in 117 of 131 trials. In five pregnancies no successful analysis was obtained. Fetal distress developed in five fetuses of 59 but not perinatal deaths occurred. The sensitivity of the antepartum DI in predicting fetal distress in labor was 80% and the predictive value was 44%. The relative risk for intrapartum fetal distress in labor after a pathologic antepartal DI compared with normal DI was 22, which is highly significant (p less than 0.001). PMID- 7282797 TI - The prenatal diagnosis and management of a hepatoomphalocele. PMID- 7282798 TI - Spontaneous rupture of an unscarred uterus at 19 weeks' gestation. PMID- 7282799 TI - The role of echocardiography in fetal cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7282800 TI - Toxic shock syndrome occurring in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7282802 TI - Establishing a clinical teaching associates program. PMID- 7282801 TI - Bladder perforation owing to a unipolar coagulating device. PMID- 7282803 TI - Therapy and stage I ovarian cancer. PMID- 7282804 TI - Management of sickle hemoglobinopathies in pregnant patients. AB - During the past decade, pregnancy outcome has improved among patients with sickle hemoglobinopathies. The role of prophylactic exchange transfusion in this improvement is uncertain. This study reviews the experience in 64 pregnancies managed at the Medical University Hospital over a 7 year period. Prophylactic exchange transfusion was not associated with improved pregnancy outcome and was associated with significant antibody formation. Exchange transfusion may best be reserved as a treatment modality when infection, crisis, or symptomatic anemia occurs in patients with a sickle hemoglobinopathy. PMID- 7282805 TI - The epidemiology of neonatal death in twins. AB - The epidemiology of twin pregnancies was studied with the use of data on 7,001 live-born twins from the Georgia neonatal surveillance network for the period 1974-1978. A cesarean section did not appreciably reduce the risk of neonatal death for a twin with a vertex presentation. The relative risk of such a neonatal death was 1.4 after adjustment was made for birth weight. A cesarean section did improve the outcome for breech and other presentations. Twins had a sixfold higher neonatal mortality rate than had singleton infants (p less than 0.001), which can be explained on the basis of distribution of birth weights. Twins had a weight-specific mortality rate equivalent to or significantly less than that for singletons after adjustment was made for birth weight. The relative risk of neonatal death for Twin 2 compared with Twin 1 was not significant. Breech presentation was more common in twins than in singletons, and for Twin 2 more than for Twin 1. As birth weight increased, the number of breech presentations decreased for Twin 2 but not for Twin 1. To reduce the high neonatal mortality rate for twins, the objective should be to reduce the incidence of low-birth weight twins, rather than to increase the cesarean section rate for them. PMID- 7282806 TI - Fatal amniotic fluid embolism during legally induced abortion, United States, 1972 to 1978. AB - Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) has emerged as an important cause of death from legally induced abortion. In the period 1972-1978, 12 probably and three autopsy confirmed cases of fatal AFE during legally induced abortion were identified in the United States (12% of all deaths from legal abortion). Fourteen deaths from AFE were associated with labor-inducing techniques, and one with hysterotomy. The risk of death appears to be related to gestational age: the death-to-case rate for AFE increases progressively from nil at less than or equal to 12 weeks' gestation to 7.2 deaths per 100,000 abortions at greater than or equal to 21 weeks' gestation. Because treatment is frequently ineffective, prevention of AFE is critical. Performing abortions early in pregnancy and using curettage techniques whenever feasible should reduce the risk of death from this obstetric accident during legally induced abortion. PMID- 7282807 TI - True hermaphroditism with term vaginal delivery and a review. PMID- 7282808 TI - Ultrasonic assessment of fetal kidney function in normal and complicated pregnancies. AB - Fetal renal function was evaluated in 255 normal singleton pregnancies between 22 and 41 weeks of gestation and in 133 complicated pregnancies. Hourly fetal urinary production rate (HFUPR), fetal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), fetal tubular water reabsorption (TWR), and the effect of furosemide on fetal micturition was evaluated by ultrasound and a combination of ultrasound and biochemical tests. In normal pregnancies, the HFUPR increased from 2.2 ml/hr at 22 weeks of gestation to 26.3 ml/hr at 40 weeks of gestation. The fetal GFR was 2.66 ml/min at term, and the percentage of TWR was 78%. In complicated pregnancies, the HFUPR was above normal in 5.7% of the growth-retarded fetuses and below the tenth percentile in 58.6%. The GFR was below normal in 68.2% of the group of complicated pregnancies, but TWR did not significantly differ from that in the normal pregnancies. The effect of furosemide was the same in both growth retarded and normal fetuses. In diabetic pregnancies, HFUPR values varied considerably and correlated with the fetal size. The HFUPR was normal in anencephalic fetuses and in 90.0% of the pregnancies with hydramnios. PMID- 7282810 TI - Prenatal diagnosis--a compilation of diagnosed conditions. AB - This article provides physicians with an up-to-date listing of 182 fetal conditions diagnosed prenatally. This information is presented in two key tables: the first an alphabetical listing of the conditions and the second a grouping of them according to disease categories. The latter table also presents the technique(s) used to establish the diagnosis, as well as pertinent references. Chromosomal abnormalities, diagnosed from amniotic fluid cell karyotypes, have not been individually tabulated in either table. Current techniques utilized for prenatal diagnosis are presented (see Comment). PMID- 7282809 TI - The stability of phospholipids in amniotic fluid. AB - A systematic study of amniotic fluid phospholipids including phosphatidylcholine (PC, lecithin), saturated phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylglycerol was undertaken to evaluate the stability of these surfactant indices as a function of temperature and time. The purpose of the study was to determine optimum conditions for storage and for transport of specimens to centralized laboratories performing comprehensive analyses of amniotic fluid phospholipids for improved assessment of fetal lung development. Remarkable stability was found for the above phospholipids, as well as for the more commonly employed ratio of lecithin to sphingomyelin. We determined that room temperature more commonly employed ratio of lecithin to sphingomyelin. We determined that room temperature storage is acceptable for periods up to 24 hours; however, when longer delays before lipid extraction are anticipated, it is essential that specimens be frozen or that refrigeration or wet-ice storage (4 degrees C) be employed. Results of this study indicate that when amniotic fluid samples are stored frozen and strict quality control is maintained in analytic procedures, only minimal changes occur in phospholipid concentrations over 12 months. PMID- 7282811 TI - Prostaglandin F in human endometriotic tissue. PMID- 7282812 TI - Eclampsia in a lowland gorilla. PMID- 7282814 TI - A possible pathogenesis for recurrent toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7282813 TI - Death from amniotic fluid embolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation after a curettage abortion. PMID- 7282815 TI - Generalized alopecia: an unusual complication of danazol therapy. PMID- 7282817 TI - Hysteroscopic resection of the uterine septum. PMID- 7282819 TI - Adjunctive pelvic irradiation in radical hysterectomy. PMID- 7282818 TI - Hemoglobin A1C in pregnancy. PMID- 7282816 TI - Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of thrombocytopenia with absent radii. PMID- 7282821 TI - Deficient cellular immunity in endometriosis. PMID- 7282822 TI - Isovolumetric partial exchange transfusion in the management of sickle cell disease in pregnancy. AB - A technique that permits isovolumetric partial exchange transfusion is presented, with experience from 10 partial exchange transfusions in five obstetric patients with sickle cell disease. The technique is performed in an outpatient setting and requires less than two hours once blood has been cross matched. A mathematical model of the blood volume is used to predict final hematocrit and final hemoglobulin (Hgb) A percentage and to compare this technique with a previously described algorithm. Once the decision to perform a partial exchange transfusion has been made, this technique affords diminished risk to the patient and economy of time and money by permitting prediction of the hematocrit and percentage normal hemoglobin (% Hgb A) resulting from various transfusion/withdrawal volumes. PMID- 7282820 TI - Congenital toxoplasmosis: prevention or palliation? PMID- 7282823 TI - The growth of human preimplantation embryos in vitro. AB - The parameters of the growth of human embryos in vitro between fertilization and the blastocyst are described. The data on the cleavage of embryos were subjected to statistical analysis. All the pronucleate eggs examined had two pronuclei. There was no evidence of any oocyte with three or more pronuclei, except in one examined 3 days after insemination, which may have been degenerating. Most eggs which were unfertilized remained in metaphase of the second meiotic division, with an extruded polar body. Spermatozoa were found embedded deeply in the zona pellucida of unfertilized and pronucleate eggs. A total of 417 embryos cleaved in vitro. Many were in the two-cell stage by 28 hours, four-cell stage at 43 hours, and eight-cell stage at 54 hours. Cleavage patterns were regular in the great majority. Compaction began at the 16 cell stage; the blastocyst began to form between 4 and 5 days after fertilization. Forty-two embryos were examined sufficiently often to make a statistical analysis of their growth in vitro. The mean doubling time of the cells was 15.82 hours approximately. Estimates of the mean midstage times for each stage of division were calculated. The results are discussed in relation to the cure of infertility by replanting human embryos, to the possibility of chromosomal and other disorders arising in the embryos, and to potential scientific studies on early human development. PMID- 7282824 TI - Randomized control trial of external cephalic version with tocolysis in late pregnancy. PMID- 7282825 TI - Adrenal-seminal-pituitary protein in a variety of maternal and fetal compartments. PMID- 7282826 TI - Selective distribution of microspheres injected into the umbilical veins and inferior venae cavae of fetal sheep. AB - To investigate the extent of streaming of umbilical venous blood in the venous and arterial circulations of normal and hypoxic sheep fetuses and to experimentally determine its effect on determinations of blood flow by means of the microsphere method, we injected 15 mu microspheres labeled with different radionuclides into the umbilical veins (UVs) and distal inferior venae cavae (DIVC) of 21 chronically catheterized near-term sheep fetuses. We determined the ratio of the radioactive counts from the UV-injected microspheres to the radioactive counts from the DIVC-injected microspheres (UV/DIVC count ratio) in each fetal tissue in 40 experiments. In 75% of the normal fetuses and 58% of the hypoxic fetuses, UV-injected microspheres streamed preferentially through the foramen ovale to the left atrium and ventricle when compared with DIVC-injected microspheres. Fetal hypoxia was associated with a significant decrease in the extent of preferential streaming. In the arterial circulation, we found no evidence for preferential streaming of UV-injected and DIVC-injected microspheres. PMID- 7282827 TI - Superovulation-induced intrauterine growth retardation in mice. AB - Existing animal models for inducing intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) involve severe maternal compromise or acute fetal insult. We postulated that superovulation would produce IUGR gradually by enhancing fetal competition for nutrients. Mice were superovulated with pregnant mare serum and human chorionic gonadotrophin and killed on day 19 of gestation. Compared to controls, the mean number of fetuses was significantly increased; body, brain, liver, and placental weights were reduced; and brain/liver weight ratios were increased. Additional mice underwent partial unilateral oophorectomy before superovulation. Marked asymmetry in the number of fetuses in the two uterine horns of the same mother was produced, and the fetuses on the more crowded side manifested smaller brains and livers an increased brain/liver ratios. In the mouse, superovulation is a simple, preconceptual method for achieving IUGR and may be combined with partial unilateral oophorectomy to permit comparisons between fetuses with different growth characteristics within the same mother. PMID- 7282828 TI - The effects of fetal thyroidectomy during the second trimester in the ovine fetus. PMID- 7282829 TI - Indomethacin--placental transfer, cytotoxicity, and teratology in the rat. AB - Aspirin is a well-known teratogen in laboratory animals and is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. To further investigate the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of teratogenesis, we examined the teratologic potential, cytotoxic potential, and placental transfer of indomethacin in the rat. Indomethacin was not teratologic, not cytotoxic to cells in the embryonic hindlimb bud, and did not cross the placenta in physiologically significant amounts on days 11 to 12 of gestation. Near parturition, however, indomethacin crossed the placenta in pharmacologically significant amounts. The pharmacokinetics of placental drug transfer are discussed. PMID- 7282830 TI - Dilation of the fetal umbilical vein in rhesus hemolytic anemia: a predictor of severe disease. PMID- 7282831 TI - Assessment of fetal maturity by amniotic fluid analysis: a retrospective and prospective study. PMID- 7282832 TI - Tuberous sclerosis in pregnancy. PMID- 7282834 TI - Henoch-Schonlein purpura and pregnancy. PMID- 7282833 TI - Transposition of the great vessels in an infant exposed to massive doses of oral contraceptives. PMID- 7282835 TI - Real-time--directed M-mode echocardiography: a new technique for accurate and rapid quantitation of the fetal preejection period and ventricular ejection time of the right and left ventricles. PMID- 7282836 TI - Anticoagulation in pregnancy. PMID- 7282837 TI - Sonographic evaluation of ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7282838 TI - Use of the vacuum extractor for delivery of the fetal head at cesarean section. PMID- 7282839 TI - A model of human occupation, Part 4. Assessment and intervention. AB - This paper, the last of four, completes the presentation of a model of human occupation. Its purpose is to illustrate how a model of occupation can be applied in clinical practice. Three major assumptions concerning occupational therapy that underlie this model are described, the three parts of the model presented earlier are reviewed, and the use of the model in assessment to generate plans for treatment is discussed. Four case histories are used to demonstrate assessment and intervention. PMID- 7282840 TI - Learning style preferences of bachelor's and the master's students in occupational therapy. AB - A pre-test/post-test design was used to study the learning style preferences of two classes of occupational therapy students of the University of Southern California. Forty students were in the 1976-1977 class and 49 in the 1977-1978 class. The Learning Preferences Inventory was administered before and after completion of courses in the basic professional curriculum. The results indicated that both bachelor's and master's students preferred learning experiences that were teacher-structured, concrete, and interpersonal. Although the changes in learning styles that occurred during basic professional education were not consistent from sample to sample, they did suggest that an instructional program can influence learning style preference. The comparison of higher and lower achievers in the academic and fieldwork components also yielded inconsistent findings. Thus, while the learning style preferences of occupational therapy students were confirmed, the influence of the curriculum on learning styles and the preferences of better versus less successful students merit further investigations. PMID- 7282841 TI - Fieldwork performance, academic grades, and pre-selection criteria of occupational therapy students. AB - To assess the relationship between pre-selection criteria, academic grades, and fieldwork performance, 45 basic master's occupational therapy students who graduated from New York University between October 1974 and October 1977 were selected. The students' undergraduate and occupational therapy records were reviewed for undergraduate grade point averages (GPA), prerequisites, major, occupational therapy grades, and Field Work Performance Report scores (FWPR). The results indicated that undergraduate GPA and occupational therapy GPA correlated with both psychosocial dysfunction and physical disability FWPR scores. However, a student's participation in a Fieldwork I experience was unrelated to the score received on the FWPR for a Fieldwork II experience. Discussion also focused on the limited usefulness of the FWPR as an evaluative tool since the mean scores were very high and its variability was rather low. PMID- 7282843 TI - Neurotherapy and specialization. PMID- 7282842 TI - Eye and head movements in reading-disabled and normal children. AB - Coordination of eye and head movements on nonreading tasks was investigated in 16 reading-disabled and 18 normal children aged 6 to 11 years. Types of eye movements are described and mechanisms controlling eye and head movement are reviewed. Significant differences were found between the two groups in sequencing of eye and head movements that were made in response to the appearance of visual stimuli at unexpected times and positions. Some reading-disabled children also were found to require more eye movements to achieve fixation on targets at known positions. It is suggested that the vestibular system may be implicated as a factor in the results obtained from the reading-disabled children and that the atypical eye-head movement patterns observed may did in stabilizing their visual world. PMID- 7282844 TI - Dynamic protractible mouthstick. PMID- 7282845 TI - Welcome to OTJR. PMID- 7282846 TI - From crafts to competence. PMID- 7282847 TI - From pegboards to integration. PMID- 7282848 TI - Old values-new directions: competence, adaptation, integration. PMID- 7282851 TI - Some basic principles in clinical trials. PMID- 7282849 TI - Clinical trials in the context of clinical practice. PMID- 7282850 TI - Clinical research programs in vision: The National Eye Institute perspective. PMID- 7282852 TI - Contact lens effects on ametropia: a current example of the clinical trial. AB - This paper describes the basic features of an ongoing double masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial which studies the changes in corneal and visual function that result when contact lenses are fitted in a manner designed to alter myopic refractive error. Subjects are randomly allocated to either a treatment or control group. Corneal and visual changes resulting from wearing lenses of these designs are compared to the effects of wearing contact lenses fitted in a standard clinical manner. Comparative analysis of the treatment and control groups is based on (1) visual acuity, (2) refractive error, (3) corneal thickness, (4) endothelial cell density, (5) external eye health, (6) corneal curvature, (7) duration of effect, and (8) predictive factors such as ocular rigidity and corneal topography. Essential parts of the experimental design and some results from the first phase of the study are reported. PMID- 7282853 TI - Representative important questions in clinical optometry. PMID- 7282855 TI - Centration and coverage of hydrogel contact lenses. AB - Decentration of the AOsoft lenses and Bausch & Lomb Soflens occurs during wear. The extent of the decentration of 14 lenses on 36 eyes of 18 subjects was studied by means of a biomicroscope with a reticle mounted in the ocular. Unexpectedly, for the AOsoft vault IV lens greater decentration occurred than for flatter lenses. Corneal toricity showed no correlation with lens decentration. PMID- 7282854 TI - The application of clinical trial methods in the clinical setting. PMID- 7282857 TI - Regression curves for the optical parameters of the eye. AB - Based on the data collected by Stenstrom (1948), the regression curves involving refractive error and axial length are examined. The regression of refractive error on axial length is shown to be nonlinear; it curves upward at low axial lengths and downward at high axial lengths. It is shown that this curve can be partially accounted for by the lack of compensating corneal changes for extreme values of the axial length. On the other hand, the regression of axial length on refractive error, is shown to be approximately linear. The slope of this regression is related to a formula derived from geometrical optics. PMID- 7282856 TI - Contrast sensitivities through spectacles and soft contact lenses. AB - Contrast sensitivity function (CSF) measurements were made on nine subjects who wore a spectacle lens on one eye and a soft contact lens on the other eye continuously for 18 hr. The functions were the same for the two types of correction and did not become worse over time. Contrary to an earlier report by Applegate and Massof (1975), there was no evidence of a visual decrement caused by the wearing of soft contact lenses or from the moderately prolonged use of a contact lens. A major difference between our study and theirs was that none of our subjects had more than 0.12 D of astigmatism, whereas their soft contact lens subjects had from 0.75 to 1.00 D of astigmatism. Thus, impairments that were previously noted by soft lens wearers may be limited to astigmatic subjects. In addition, no evidence was found that occasional 18-hr use of soft contact lenses has any measurable, immediate effects on visual acuity as inferred from contrast thresholds. PMID- 7282858 TI - Tear film physiology and contact lens wear. I. Pertinent aspects of tear film physiology. PMID- 7282860 TI - Genetic counseling in optometry: a case study of congenital bilateral ptosis. PMID- 7282861 TI - Retinal protection from solar photic injury. AB - Samples of protective filters commonly used to observed the partially eclipsed sun were obtained and subjected to spectrophotometric analysis over the wavelength interval 330 to 2500 nm. Performance of these filters was compared with criteria for adequate ocular protection which have appeared in the literature. It appears that the greatest safety is provided by those devices incorporating a monatomic metallic coating as the filtering agent. PMID- 7282859 TI - Tear film physiology and contact lens wear. II. Contact lens-tear film interaction. AB - The successful fitting of contact lenses requires the practitioner to take into account many properties of the specific lens type used but the practitioner must also understand patient factors including tear properties, use of appropriate solutions, procedures for lens cleaning, and efficiency of blinking. Selection of appropriate patients, selection of lens type, proper fitting, good maintenance, and training and monitoring of patients increase the probability of achieving success. PMID- 7282862 TI - Symposium: perspectives on myopia. PMID- 7282863 TI - A review of statistical studies of relations between myopia and ethnic, behavioral, and physiological characteristics. PMID- 7282865 TI - Research studies of bifocals for myopia. AB - Inadequacies of past clinical reports on bifocals for progressive myopia have fostered the use of scientific methods in gathering data, with control groups of patients in experimental research studies. A summary and discussion of these research studies suggest that myopic progression may be influenced by bifocals, including some effects which are clinically meaningful as well as statistically significant. Benefits are not universal among myopes but might be predictable on the basis of patient characteristics, diagnostic data, magnitude of the add, design of the segment, and environmental demands and conditions. PMID- 7282864 TI - Scleral creep in vitro resulting from cyclic pressure pulses: applications to myopia. AB - In the axially myopic eyeball, the posterior hemisphere is distended and the sclera is thinner in this region. One hypothetical mechanism is that high intraocular pressures cause an irreversible stretching of this region. For irreversible stretching to occur, the sclera must be stressed beyond the elastic limit. This paper presents a biaxial stress-strain curve for rabbit sclera and defines a plastic yield point. Experimental evidence is presented which demonstrates that cyclic pulses of high intraocular pressure can cause irreversible deformation. A mathematical equation is developed which successfully predicts creep rate (i.e., deformation rate) of an eye subjected to short duration pulses of high intraocular pressure. This relation holds for frequencies of cyclic pressures which vary over two orders of magnitude, and over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. PMID- 7282866 TI - Contact lens control of myopia. AB - Historically, clinicians have observed or gained the clinical impression that contact lenses had some effect on myopia and/or its progression. However, a review of the literature on the effects of contact lenses upon myopia control reveals conflicting opinions and conclusions. This paper presents a collage of research endeavors, clinical observations, and theory leading to some provisional conclusions. PMID- 7282867 TI - Vision training program for myopia management. AB - The use of vision training to stabilize myopia appears to be helpful for many patients, while remaining ineffective for others. The myopia management approach discussed here includes minimum use of full-powered concave corrective lenses, maximum use of convex training glasses, adherence to specific visual hygiene and visuobehavioral guidelines, and a short intense program of home and office visual training procedures aimed at developing more flexible accommodative convergence (CCA) and visuobehavioral responses. PMID- 7282868 TI - Clinical management of myopia. AB - The literature indicates that environmental factors, particularly those related to nearwork, play a significant role in myopia etiology. Regimens are described for the clinical management of myopia in the incipient, progressive, and stable stages. These regimens are based upon control of the environmental factors producing myopic progression and include the use of bifocal lenses to reduce accommodative demand, advice concerning visual hygiene to foster accommodative relaxation, and vision training to develop adequate accommodative skills and adequate freedom of action between the systems of accommodation and convergence. PMID- 7282869 TI - Primate myopia. AB - Studies dealing with the development of myopia in primates are considered as they contribute to our understanding of myopia. Myopia appears to develop in two stages. The first is a lenticular change in eyes which have been focused at nearpoint for long periods; the lens remains continuously accommodated. Since accommodation in monkeys results in an increase in vitreous chamber pressure, a comparable increase in children could induce the second stage--an increase in the size of the vitreous chamber and a corresponding increase in axial length or true myopia. Behavior and personality appear to be related to myopia. PMID- 7282871 TI - Corneal swelling and oxygen flux through a soft contact lens. AB - After reviewing the oxygen needs of the cornea, we calculate the increase in corneal swelling which is predicted to occur for oxygen flux through a contact lens at the rate of less than 1.5 microliters/cm(2)/hr. The amount of corneal swelling is inversely related to the oxygen flux into the anterior corneal surface. To keep corneal swelling below 4% requires a oxygen tension of about 11 mm Hg which is equivalent to a flux of 2 microliters/cm(2)/hr. PMID- 7282870 TI - A clinical evaluation of the american optical SR III subjective refractor. AB - The American Optical SR III Subjective Refraction System is a recent addition to the vision care field. Subjective refractions were performed, using the SR III, on 275 eyes of 139 subjects (clinic patients, optometry students, staff members, and faculty members) and the results were compared to clinical refractive data. Although subjective refraction results were found to compare favorably to the clinical results, the instrument was found to be limited to the extent that there is no provision for binocular vision testing and no provision for near vision testing. PMID- 7282872 TI - An evaluation of accommodation response in amblyopic eyes. AB - A laser optometer and an auditory feedback system were used to assess the accommodative response in normal eyes, and in the dominant and amblyopic eyes of amblyopes. Although the accommodative response improved in amblyopic eyes when these eyes achieved steady foveal fixation it is not clear how much of the subnormal acuity in amblyopic eyes is due to eccentric fixation, unsteady fixation, inappropriate accommodation, refractive error or some combination of these factors. PMID- 7282873 TI - Case report: strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. PMID- 7282874 TI - Symposium on cornea and contact lens instrumentation. PMID- 7282875 TI - Tear film analysis. PMID- 7282876 TI - Measurement of corneal oxygen uptake. AB - Because of the importance of the rate of oxygen uptake by the cornea, various techniques have been used to measure the oxygen utilization. A probe covered by a polyethylene membrane can be placed against the unanesthetized cornea and the rate of change in oxygen tension recorded. The rate can be converted to indicate the rate of oxygen flow from the polyethylene membrane to the cornea. PMID- 7282877 TI - Corneal endothelial observation techniques. PMID- 7282878 TI - Clinical applications of the soft lens analyzer. PMID- 7282879 TI - Clinical use of the Medicornea B. C. Tronic unit for measuring soft lenses. PMID- 7282880 TI - Clinical use of the Sohnges Kontr-Mess system for measuring contact lenses. PMID- 7282881 TI - A technique for center thickness measurement of hydrogel contact lenses. AB - Several techniques for measuring the center thickness of hydrogel contact lenses with the radiuscope are discussed. A new device which is used in conjunction with the radiuscope is also discussed. The results of reliability and repeatability studies using this device indicate that it is possible to measure with ease the center thickness of hydrogel lenses to within 0.01 mm. PMID- 7282882 TI - Optical power calculation for contact lens wet cells. AB - Calculations show that there can be a significant error in the estimated power of a hydrogel lens when standard techniques are used to arrive at the lens power by means of a lensometer and a wet cell. Ray-tracing procedures were used to produce graphs which provide more accurate correction factors so that the lens power can be determined with improved precision. PMID- 7282883 TI - A contact lens sagittal height and thickness gauge. PMID- 7282884 TI - A review of the literature concerning the epidemiology of senile macular degeneration. AB - Senile macular degeneration (SMD) is a disease which predominates in older age groups, limiting the ability of affected persons to function visually in their environment. The discussion here is an account of what is known of the natural history of SMD. We examined the available data concerning the incidence and prevalence of SMD, and some reports on newly discovered risk factors associated with this condition were also examined. Included is our own estimation of the prevalence of bilateral SMD, an important statistic for rehabilitation purposes. PMID- 7282885 TI - Screening results on the ocular status of 651 prekindergarteners. AB - During the fall and winter of 1978, 651, two-, three-, and four-year-old prekindergarten children were randomly screened to determine their ocular status. The criteria for passing these tests were less critical than those used for primary grade students. Nevertheless, the screening program embraced fairly comprehensive histories, visual acuities, and external and ophthalmoscopic examinations, including extraocular muscle coordination, cover tests, and static retinoscopy. Of these children, 82.8% were black. Only the black group was large enough to constitute an adequate sample, therefore this report deals principally with 524 black 3- and 4-year olds. Most of the findings were within the set limits. One feature of the program was the observation of the behavioral differences in these children. PMID- 7282886 TI - Meibomian stenosis and soft contact lenses. PMID- 7282887 TI - The surgical treatment of vertigo. The essentials of patient selection and long term results. AB - The essential features of the posturing and positional mechanisms in man are defined and the causes of their dysfunction categorized to provide a scheme of surgical management appropriate for each. The authors' long-term results (two to twelve years) with (1) twenty-seven operations designed to decompress the endolymphatic system, (2) twenty-eight selective eighth nerve sections are documented and compared, by means of statistical analysis, with those reported by others during the past fifteen years. Although the latter procedure provided better control of vertigo, there was no difference between the two groups in regard to preservation of hearing. Nor was there any evidence from this study that either operation did anything to alter the progressive hearing loss that characterizes Meniere's disease. Nevertheless, because of failure of noninvasive therapy to control vertiginous symptoms in some patients, it would appear that there is still a definite place for surgical treatment. Saccus decompression is recommended as the initial procedure because it is technically less difficult. In patients whose vertigo persists in conjunction with useful auditory function vestibular nerve section should be considered before resorting to total labyrinthectomy. PMID- 7282888 TI - Unrecognized infantile Meniere's disease. AB - We have described two patients who, from early infancy, suffered attacks of vomiting associated with fluctuating hearing loss, which ended in bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss. The patients were treated by pediatricians as suffering from gastroenteritis or meningitis. Meniere's disease was not suspected. We want to point out that Meniere's disease, though it usually begins in middle age, may well start in childhood, as well as in infancy, and should be suspected whenever vomiting without diarrhea is associated with some hearing loss at any age--no matter how young the patient is. It is also quite possible that some sensorineural hearing losses in late childhood or adulthood are in effect the result of early burnt-out Meniere disease, as in our second case. PMID- 7282889 TI - Evaluation of the tinnitus masker. AB - The disabling symptom of tinnitus has no predictable medical or surgical treatment. In most patients, an examination and suitable explanation or, if needed, hearing aid fitting will dispense with the problem. This article deals with another group of individuals who, for reasons of their own, feel "disabled" in their everyday lives by this disturbing, unwanted "noise." A total of thirty four persons were referred by the otologist for further study and an evaluation of their tinnitus. The benefit of the tinnitus questionnaire and of the patient's personal evaluation of their head noise is discussed and stressed. twenty-three patients (67 percent) were fitted with a tinnitus masker. An additional five individuals (15 percent) benefited from a hearing aid fitting. Five of the total of thirty-four originally evaluated were felt to be unsuitable for a trial with the masker. At the completion of the thirty-day trial period with the instrument, nine patients returned the masker. This left a total of fifteen patients, or almost 50 percent of the original group having the evaluation, wearing the tinnitus masker with relief of their symptoms. This is a carefully selected group of individuals, but still an impressive accomplishment. PMID- 7282890 TI - Cholesteatoma: spontaneous occurrence in the Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatis. AB - Spontaneous aural cholesteatomas were found in thirty-two of seventy ears (45.7 percent) of adult Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatis. These cholesteatomas arise from the tympanic membrane and the medial ear canal. The advancing front of these cholesteatomas is histologically identical to that of human cholesteatomas. Since the gerbilline cholesteatoma erodes bone and invades the labyrinth and the cranial cavity, it provides an animal model with which to study the destructive properties of human cholesteatoma. PMID- 7282891 TI - Reporting results in Meniere's disease. The prospective of the clinical audiologist. PMID- 7282892 TI - Meniere's disease: terminology and data bank acquisition. AB - It is proposed that the term Meniere's disease be restricted to patients with the classic symptom and sign complex in whom the etiologic factor is unknown (idiopathic). The term Meniere's syndrome is restricted to patients whose etiologic factor is known, who have an incomplete form of the disease, or who are in the process of being evaluated. Vestibular neuronitis and cochlear hydrops are terms that should be retained until the concepts of vestibular and cochlear Meniere's disease are better understood and can be identified prospectively. The classic symptoms and signs, both positive and negative, are outlined and a standard evaluation format is suggested. This must submit to mathematical reduction for pre- and post-treatment comparisons. Until this basic problem has been solved to the satisfaction of the profession, the inferences that may be drawn from otherwise excellent studies will continue to be of very limited clinical value. PMID- 7282894 TI - Treatment of malignant external otitis in its initial stage. AB - A method of treating malignant external otitis in its initial stage is described. The treatment is based on repeated curettage with Epontol under light general anesthesia. This method requires no systemic antibiotic treatment, can be carried out as an office procedure, and effects a complete cure in a relatively short time. PMID- 7282895 TI - The normal and experimentally hydropic endolymphatic sac in lemon sharks: a scanning electron microscopic study. PMID- 7282893 TI - Site of lesion testing findings in a routine test battery. AB - Audiologic test results in eight patients with confirmed retrocochlear lesions are cited and discussed with reference to reliability. Comparison as to diagnostic validity is made with older and more recent literature. Results suggest that standard test procedures of tone decay, threshold Bekesy audiometry, pure-tone configuration, and discrimination scores are the most consistent in routine audiologic examinations. Super Threshold Adoption Test (STAT), Stapedius Reflex Testing, Staggered Spondaic Word (SSW) testing, and PB Rollover were accurate in their test results. Other tests, including Alternate Binaural Loudness Balance (ABLB) and regular high level, Short Increment Sensitivity Index (SISI), were found to be less effective in routine site of lesion testing. PMID- 7282896 TI - Otologic aspects of ear burns. AB - Otologic experiences in a large burn center are discussed and the following areas are emphasized. First, the otologic effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and the prevention and treatment of barotrauma that is occasionally secondary to this therapy. Second, the diagnosis and treatment as well as the prevention of perichondritis in severely burned ears will be discussed. A total of thirty-five cases of perichondritis will be reviewed. An encouraging aspect of the method of treatment has evolved over the past five years: there has been a minimum of deformity in the healed ear, with no subsequent reconstruction necessary. My experience stresses the importance of otologic supervision and ready consultation in all ear burns, and cooperation with the surgeons in charge of the overall care of the burn patient. PMID- 7282897 TI - Microscopic otologic photography using a standard 35-mm camera. AB - For years microscopic otologic photography required expensive sophisticated equipment or specialized camera attachments. Recently one of the authors reported using an automatic 35-mm single lens reflex camera to reproduce high-quality slides. The authors now describe how reliable, inexpensive microscopic otologic photography can be performed using a pre-set standard 35-mm single lens reflex camera without the need for metering, automatic adjustments, or sophisticated equipment. PMID- 7282898 TI - Recurrent acquired atresia of the external auditory canal and associated canal cholesteatoma. AB - Acquired atresia of the external auditory canal associated with medial canal cholesteatoma is a rare finding. Recurrence of this pathologic picture redevelops three times. Various speculations regarding possible etiologic factors, as well as audiometry and treatment are discussed. PMID- 7282900 TI - The residency program in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Minnesota. PMID- 7282899 TI - Hemifacial spasm caused by cholesteatoma. AB - Hemifacial spasm is a rare disease. Usually a specific etiologic factor is not found and nonspecific treatments are used. A case of hemifacial spasm secondary to a middle ear cholesteatoma is presented. This origin should be considered in any patient who has hemifacial spasm. PMID- 7282904 TI - Nervus intermedius in acoustic neuromas: a critical evaluation of intermedius nerve testing, with special reference to the nasolacrimal reflex. PMID- 7282902 TI - Doctors' discussion. PMID- 7282903 TI - Results of mastoid operations in various chronic ear diseases. AB - A study of mastoid operations undertaken for various chronic middle ear entities, using closed and open techniques, revealed the following: 1. Marsupialized mastoid balls were found less disappointing than often considered; small cavities were dry in 90 percent and large ones in 70 percent of cases. 2. Residual disease (epidermoid cysts) appeared in 27 percent of the CAT-operated ears and in 13 percent when the open technique was employed. 3. Residual disease appeared twice as often when the primary disease involved the tympanic cavity and in young patients than when the attic and mastoid were exclusively involved or in older patients. 4. Residual disease did show up only in epidermoid ("attic") cholesteatomas, but not when the primary pathology was a retraction pocket (sinus tympani) cholesteatoma. 5. Up to 56 percent of the CAT-operated ears showed small, medium, or large retraction pockets. However, only large retraction pockets were of clinical significance. 6. The posterior wall, when preserved, atrophied to an important degree in about a tenth of the cases. 7. Significant atelectasis appeared in about a third of the ears once the membrana tensa was preserved, that is, in CAT or conservative radical operations. 8. About 10 percent of CAT operations performed in children may lead to an episode of acute mastoiditis. PMID- 7282905 TI - Unilateral neurilemmomas of the eighth cranial nerve: then and now. PMID- 7282907 TI - Acoustic neuroma surgery. PMID- 7282906 TI - Approach to diagnosis of skull base lesions. AB - The ability to operate safely on the skull base and yet preserve cranial nerves and leave the patient with minimum neurologic deficit is a fairly new development. The field is expanding rapidly, and lesions that were once deemed unresectable can now be resected. With this in mind, one must maintain an extremely high index of suspicion for lesions in this area. Early diagnosis of skull base lesions is enhanced by a careful neuro-otologic history and physical examination on all patients with complaints of pain, headache, or cranial nerve dysfunction, either motor or sensory. Based on a thorough examination, a tentative lesion localization is made and appropriate special sensory, laboratory, and radiographic tests are used to confirm the abnormality. In addition, it is our responsibility to maintain a knowledge of the state of the art as to treatment possibilities for skull base lesions. PMID- 7282901 TI - Failure of proplast in mastoid obliteration. PMID- 7282908 TI - Surgical management of congenital cholesteatoma. PMID- 7282909 TI - Effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotic treatment in mastoid surgery. AB - This article describes a prospective study of the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotic treatment in preventing infection following mastoid surgery. Seventy two patients who underwent surgery for chronic middle ear disease served as the basis for this study. Bacteriologic findings from middle ear discharge, showing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, are reported. The patients were randomly classified into two groups, one undergoing surgery with preventive antibiotic treatment with clindamycin and gentamycin and the other undergoing surgery without antibiotic therapy. The early postoperative inflammatory complications are presented. No significant differences were found in the incidence of these complications between the two groups. In view of the results, the effectiveness of preventive antibiotic treatment in mastoid surgery is questioned. PMID- 7282911 TI - The otolaryngology residency of the Stanford School of Medicine. PMID- 7282910 TI - Peripheral vestibular receptors: functional aspects. PMID- 7282912 TI - Accidental transection of the tympanic segment of the facial nerve. PMID- 7282913 TI - Unidirectional inner ear value implants: a nondestructive alternative to labyrinthectomy in Meniere's disease. PMID- 7282915 TI - GDP binding to rat brown fat mitochondria: effects of thyroxine at different ambient temperatures. AB - Reports on a reciprocal relationship between sympathetic-nerve and experimentally induced changes in thyroid-hormone activity called into question the proposed role of thyroxine in the changes seen in the brown fat after cold adaptation. Rats reared at +30, +22, and +5 degrees C received daily injections of thyroxine (1 mg/kg). After 3 wk of treatment, the thermogenic state of the tissue was assessed by measuring the capacity of the brown fat mitochondria to bind guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP). GDP-inhibited mitochondrial swelling, brown adipose tissue (BAT) wet weights, and mitochondrial yields were also measured. The control animals showed a linear increase in GDP binding between +30 and +5 degrees C. Thyroxine was found to lower the GDP binding markedly at +5 degrees C, less so at +22 degrees C, while no effect was evident at +30 degrees C. The values at +22 and +30 degrees C were identical. The other parameters studied all confirmed these results. The conclusion made is that the thyroxine-induced rise in basal metabolic rate lowers the critical temperature and reduces the demand for nonshivering thermogenesis. This is reflected in the reduced GDP binding and hence heating capacity of the brown fat mitochondria. PMID- 7282914 TI - Contraction of guinea pig ileal smooth muscle by acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine. AB - Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) is a chemical that has the biological activity of what was formerly termed platelet-activating factor. We report here that synthetic AGEPC induces the contraction of guinea pig ileal smooth muscle. Antagonists of histamine, acetylcholine, and slow-reacting substances (SRS) do not block AGEPC-induced contraction. These responses were long lasting, resistant to washing, and displayed complete agonist specific desensitization. Histamine- and SRS-induced contractions were unaffected by AGEPC. These studies show that AGEPC has the potential to produce a component of anaphylactically induced smooth muscle contraction. PMID- 7282916 TI - Mechanical properties of tenotomized and denervated-tenotomized muscles. AB - Mechanical properties of rat soleus and plantaris muscles were studied in vitro following tenotomy, denervation, or tenotomy plus denervation, all of 3 wk duration. Controls included muscles from sham-operated animals and from animals with muscle tendons severed but immediately resutured. Results of twitch times, times to peak tension, and times to half-relaxation for 145 muscles clearly showed that the slight increase in muscle speed that occurs in the soleus muscles only is due to severance of the muscle tendon per se and not related to muscle shortening and possible related alterations in muscle spindle activity that occurs in simple tenotomy. Furthermore, any demonstrable mechanical changes that occur with tenotomy or with section and resuturing of the tendon requires the presence of intact innervation. We conclude that, contrary to published opinion, tenotomy does not transform slow contracting muscles into fast contracting muscles and that comments concerning the role of stretch receptors in this postulated transformation are pure conjecture, unsupported by experimental data. PMID- 7282917 TI - Stretch-induced growth in chicken wing muscles: myofibrillar proliferation. AB - The patigialis muscle (PAT) in the wing of the chicken can be induced to grow rapidly in length and in diameter by passively stretching the muscle with a spring-loaded aluminum bar (Holly et al., Am. J. Physiol. 238 (Cell Physiol. 7): C62-C71, 1980). Rates of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis are accelerated. Sarcomere length falls from 3.19 micrometers after 1 day of stretch to only 10% above control values at 7 days of stretch. Myofibrils are wavy and misaligned. Electron microscopy of cross-sectioned muscles shows that the fraction of cell volume occupied by myofibrils remains constant throughout the experimental period, even though cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers increases by 55%. The mean diameter of myofibrils in stretched muscle increases by more than 25%. The number of splitting myofibrils increases from 15% before stretching to 45% after 1 wk of stretch. Splits appear to originate in the center of the I band, and then progress to the A band and the periphery of the myofibril. Elements of the sarcotubular system develop quickly at the origin of the fractures. It is concluded that rapid growth of the myofibril is required for initiation of splitting. Neither neurally mediated active tension nor muscle contraction are required. PMID- 7282918 TI - Episodic secretion of parathyroid hormone in the dog. AB - This study was designed to determine whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted episodically, to characterize any such rhythms, and to see whether the rhythms can be altered by stimulating PTH secretion using constant hypocalcemia. We collected blood samples at 1-min intervals for 1 h from the precava or postcava of conscious dogs during normocalcemia or induced, constant hypocalcemia. In two anesthetized normocalcemic dogs we catheterized a caudal thyroid vein and collected all the effluent blood in 1-min fractions. Immunoreactive PTH (IPTH) concentrations were determined in quadruplicate, and the results were subjected to spectral analysis. In both the precava and postcava of normocalcemic dogs, there were regular oscillations in IPTH levels with a period of 12 min (range, 10-15 min) and a +/- 14% variation about the overall mean. Although significant two- to fourfold changes in IPTH levels still occurred during constant hypocalcemia, there was no significant rhythmicity. Significant cycles in IPTH concentration (mean 8.4-min period) were observed in thyroid venous effluent plasma during normocalcemia, confirming that the phenomenon represented episodic secretion that was not affected by pentobarbital anesthesia. PMID- 7282919 TI - Effects of gastric nutritional supplementation on fetal umbilical uptake of nutrients. AB - Intrauterine nutritional supplementation may be of therapeutic benefit to the malnourished, growth-retarded fetus. Using 14 chronically catheterized, third trimester fetal lambs, we evaluated the effects of gastric infusions of amino acids and glucose on umbilical uptake of alpha-amino nitrogen, glucose, lactate, and oxygen. When amino acids were infused, amino nitrogen was gained through the intestine at an average rate equal to 45% of fetal umbilical uptake of amino nitrogen. There were no consistent changes in umbilical uptake of the measured nutrients, except for a small decrease in umbilical uptake of oxygen (P less than 0.05). No relationship were found between changes in fetal amino nitrogen levels or changes in fetal-maternal amino nitrogen concentration gradients and umbilical uptake of amino nitrogen. When glucose was infused, glucose was absorbed through the intestine at an average rate equal to 42% of fetal umbilical uptake of glucose. There were no changes in umbilical uptake of amino nitrogen, lactate, or oxygen. Umbilical uptake of glucose decreased, however, in inverse proportion to both the glucose infusion rate (P less than 0.005) and the rise in fetal glucose concentration (P less than 0.025). This limited the quantity of glucose that could be gained by the fetus, via gastrointestinal supplementation. During the infusions, we also observed a change in the pattern of fetal lower body blood flow. There was a 12% decrease in the mean umbilical blood flow (P less than 0.005) and a 22% increase in mean intestinal flow (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7282925 TI - Tubular handling of bicarbonate and chloride in the dog. AB - Bicarbonate reabsorption was assessed in the superficial proximal and distal tubule of the hydropenic dog. Tubule fluid bicarbonate concentration was measured by determination of total CO2 with microcalorimetry. Total CO2 declined from 21 to 14 mM along the proximal tubule, which reabsorbed 56% of the filtered bicarbonate prior to the late proximal sampling site. Absolute bicarbonate reabsorption was 124 pmol . min-1 . mm tubule length-1. Concurrent water reabsorption was 34% of the glomerular filtration rate. Tubule fluid-to ultrafilterable chloride concentration ratio rose to 1.10 as the tubule fluid-to blood bicarbonate ratio fell to 0.69 at the late proximal collection site. The total CO2 in distal tubule fluid was 6 mM, indicating that 94% of the filtered bicarbonate was reabsorbed prior to the distal tubule. It is concluded that bicarbonate is reabsorbed in preference to chloride in the superficial proximal tubule of the dog, which, like that of the rat, may provide a potential driving force for water and salt reabsorption. PMID- 7282920 TI - A functional analysis of dopaminergic innervation of the neurohypophysis. AB - Dopaminergic neurons arising from cell bodies in the rostral arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus have been shown to make axoaxonic contact with neurohypophyseal neurosecretory axons. In this study, electrical stimulation of the rostral arcuate nucleus depresses multiunit electrical activity recorded from neurosecretory axons within the neurohypophysis. After a single 5-s stimulus train, neurohypophyseal electrical activity is reduced to 6% of control. The superfusion of dopamine (5 micrograms/microliters) onto the neurohypophysis also has an inhibitory effect. Superfusion directly onto the neurohypophysis of the dopamine-receptor antagonist, pimozide (1 micrograms/microliters), abolishes the inhibitory effect of arcuate nucleus stimulation. These findings suggest that the dopaminergic innervation of the neurohypophysis may have an inhibitory influence on the release of neurohypophyseal hormones. PMID- 7282922 TI - Fetal fuels. IV. Regulation of branched-chain amino and keto acid metabolism in fetal brain. AB - The regulation of branched-chain amino and keto acid metabolism was examined in fetal rat brains at 20 days gestation. When fetal brain slices were incubated with [1-14C]leucine, graded concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate or acetoacetate resulted in a progressive rise in labeled alpha-ketoisocaproic acid accompanied by a fall in 14CO2, whereas the sum of these products remained unchanged. These reciprocal relationships were maintained when leucine concentrations were varied from 0.4 to 4 mM. Increasing concentrations of glucose or pyruvate enhanced the formation of both 14CO2 and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid from [1-14C]leucine, but resulted in a progressive decrease in the conversion of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid to 14CO2. That glucose and ketone bodies probably acted via separate mechanisms was suggested by a further inhibition of alpha ketoisocaproic acid decarboxylation whenever beta-hydroxybutyrate was added. When mothers were starved from days 18-20, a threefold rise in circulating branched chain keto acids was reflected concordantly in the fetus and was attended by a significant enhancement of leucine transaminase activity in fetal brain. Because levels of circulating ketone bodies reported during maternal starvation were maximally effective in diminishing the conversion of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid to 14CO4, it is suggested that the inhibitory effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate on the critical dehydrogenase step in branched-chain keto acid metabolism in fetal brain could restrain oxidation of maternally derived alpha-ketoisocaproic acid, thereby permitting salvage for reversible transamination to leucine. PMID- 7282923 TI - Partial prevention of glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy by endurance training. AB - Male rats were either sham-operated (N) or castrated (C) at 65 days of age. They were further subdivided into sedentary or exercise groups that were trained by treadmill running 5 days/wk for 12 wk. During the last 10 days of training, the animals received daily subcutaneous injections of cortisone acetate (CA) (100 mg/kg) or 1% carboxymethylcellulose. Body weight decreased approximately 25% in all groups that received CA. The fast-twitch plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle weights were approximately 35% lower in CA-treated versus cortisone-free N and C sedentary animals. Exercise prevented from one-fourth to one-half of the muscle weight loss in N and C runners when compared to their respective pair weight controls. Muscle weights of the CA-treated freely eating N controls were significantly less than that of N runners that received CA. In plantaris muscles of both N and C animals that received CA, total protein concentration and citrate synthase activity, a mitochondrial marker, remained constant, but their amounts per muscle decreased in proportion to the atrophy. However, myoglobin concentration increased in plantaris muscles of CA-treated animals, although total myoglobin per muscle was reduced slightly. Myoglobin levels were increased in plantaris muscles both as a result of training and CA, but citrate synthase activity was increased only as a result of the exercise. These results show that exercise can retard the glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy. PMID- 7282926 TI - Measurement of nephron filtration in the dog: role of proximal intratubular pressure. AB - Previous studies concerning the measurement of single nephron filtration rate have shown that collections of proximal tubular fluid, in which an oil drop is held in a constant position, do not affect intratubular pressure in the early proximal tubule in the hydropenic rat. Since intratubular pressures are higher in the dog than the rat, we investigated the effect of position-controlled collections on proximal pressure and single nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) in the dog. During position-controlled collections, early proximal pressure fell 5.8 +/- 0.9 mmHg and SNGFR was 76.3 +/- 5.3 nl/min. During proximal re-collections, in which proximal pressure was maintained near the free-flow value using a long immobile oil block, SNGFR was significantly less, 44.4 +/- 5.5 nl/min. For each micropunctured kidney, SNGFR was also estimated by dividing GFR by the number of glomeruli (mean, 5.4 +/- 0.5 X 10(5)). Estimated SNGFR (50.9 +/- 6.3 nl/min) was not significantly different from pressure-controlled SNGFR but was significantly less than position-controlled SNGFR. Accordingly, in the dog, early proximal pressure decreases during position-controlled collection of proximal tubular fluid, resulting in an overestimation of SNGFR. This artifact can be avoided by controlling the intratubular pressure during collection of tubular fluid. PMID- 7282921 TI - Transport of glucose analogues in rat lung. AB - Uptake of nonmetabolizable glucose analogues was investigated in isolated rat lungs ventilated with 5% CO2 in air and perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium. In some experiments, [5-3H]glucose, methyl(alpha-D-[U 14C]gluco)pyranoside (alpha-MG), 3-O-methyl-D-[U-14C]glucose (3-O-MG), or various inhibitors were added to the initial perfusate to determine glucose utilization by the rate of 3H2O production or to characterize the uptake of glucose analogues. [1,2-3H]polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as an indicator of the extracellular water space and gave a mean value of 0.35 ml/g tissue; calculated mean intracellular H2O space was 0.48 ml/g tissue. Glucose utilization was 56.4 +/- 6.6 (mean +/- SE, n = 6) mumol . g dry wt-1 . h-1 and decreased by 61% with 3 mM phlorizin. After 1-2 h perfusion, intracellular alpha-MG concentration was 1.4 1.9 times the extracellular concentration. The mean tissue-to-medium ratio (T/M) for alpha-MG decreased by more than 30% in the presence of glucose (5.0 mM), phlorizin (0.5 mM), ouabain (0.5 mM), or the absence of external Na+. Intracellular 3-O-MG concentration did not exceed extracellular concentration during 2 h of perfusion and the mean T/M did not change with any of the inhibitors studied. The results indicate that the nonmetabolizable glucose analogue alpha-MG is accumulated against a concentration gradient by an active Na+-dependent transport process, whereas 3-O-MG is apparently taken up by a different mechanism. PMID- 7282924 TI - Evidence that brain aromatization regulates LH secretion in the male dog. AB - A variety of data suggest an independent role for androgens and estrogens in the regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in the male. Estrogens, in the male are primarily derived from testicular androgens that are aromatized both in peripheral tissues and in the CNS. Our prior data suggested a pharmacologic regimen that blocked CNS aromatization without lowering peripheral estrogen or testosterone levels. Such experimental conditions would permit assessment of the relative roles of CNS versus peripheral aromatization in the regulation of LH secretion. We utilized this regimen (aminoglutethimide, a potent aromatase inhibitor, and hydrocortisone) in seven adult male dogs for 14 days. Plasma LH rose to castrate levels, 450% above control values on days 7 and 14. These LH increments stimulated similar rises in androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone. In contrast, plasma estrone and estradiol concentrations remained constant. The induction of castrate LH levels without a concomitant fall in peripheral androgens or estrogens is best explained by a block of central aromatization and thus a reduction in local hypothalamic concentrations. We conclude that aromatization in the CNS rather than peripheral tissues is the more important site with respect to LH negative feedback in the male dog. PMID- 7282929 TI - Stimulation of avian renal phosphate secretion by parathyroid hormone. AB - Phosphate buffers (ammonium, sodium, potassium, and calcium phosphate, pH 5.5, 7.2, 8.5) and 32P were infused unilaterally into the renal portal systems of intact, parathyroidectomized (PTX), and parathyroid hormone-infused (PTH) domestic fowl to study the secretory flux for inorganic phosphate (Pi). Urine samples were collected simultaneously from both kidneys, with the uninfused kidney serving as a control for the portal-perfused kidney (modified Sperber technique). No consistent unilateral excess of Pi or 32P excretion occurred for any of the experimental groups. For intact birds, fractional 32P excretion by both kidneys (FE32p) was identical to fractional Pi excretion (FEpi) (determined by chemical analysis) and reflected net reabsorption (0.64). However, during PTH infusion, FE32p was 0.82 (net reabsorption) while FEPi was 1.21 (net secretion). These results indicate that a) the peritubular-to-lumen flux for Pi and 32P is a minor component of net tubular transport, regardless of the parathyroid status, counterion availability, or peritubular Pi concentration; b) plasma Pi and 32P enter the tubule lumen predominantly by filtration; c) PTH stimulates tubular Pi secretion; and d) the secreted Pi is derived from an organic or inorganic pool that does not readily equilibrate with infused 32P (or presumably peritubular Pi). PMID- 7282927 TI - Renal hemodynamics and sodium excretion in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Renal blood flow (RBF), renal vascular resistance (RVR), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and sodium and water excretion were measured in anesthetized stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) at 9 wk of age. Mean arterial pressure in SHRSP and SHR was significantly higher than that in WKY. RBF was slightly increased in SHR and decreased in SHRSP. RVR was markedly elevated only in SHRSP. In both strains of SHR, GFR was significantly increased but water and sodium excretion were similar. When renal perfusion pressure in both strains of SHR was reduced to a level similar to that of WKY by aortic constriction, RBF was slightly but significantly reduced in both SHRSP and SHR, and GFR only in SHRSP. RVR in SHRSP was still higher. Sodium and water excretion were markedly decreased in both SHR and SHRSP. The data suggest that SHRSP are characterized by an alteration in renal hemodynamics at a young age and support the hypothesis that kidneys of SHR require a higher arterial pressure than kidneys of WKY to excrete a given amount of salt and water. PMID- 7282928 TI - Dissociation of saline-induced natriuresis from urea washout in the rat. AB - Medullary urea washout has been postulated to play a major role in the natriuretic response to volume expansion (VE). To examine this hypothesis, renal tissue solute composition was measured in a natriuretic and nonnatriuretic model of VE. Renal tissue composition was analyzed during hydropenia, acute VE, acute VE with renal artery pressure reduced to 70 mmHg at the onset of saline loading (immediate clamping), and acute VE with renal artery pressure reduced to 70 mmHg after 45 min of saline loading (delayed clamping). Immediate clamping, a nonnatriuretic model of VE, prevented VE-induced urea washout and the increase in sodium and water content in the cortex and outer medulla. Delayed clamping, a natriuretic model of VE, produced a pattern of tissue composition very similar to immediate clamping. Tissue urea content was not significantly different in the two protocols and only minor differences in sodium and water content were noted. Thus, under these experimental conditions, VE-induced natriuresis can be dissociated from medullary urea washout, and other mechanisms must be invoked to explain the increased sodium excretion. PMID- 7282930 TI - Potassium absorptive pump at the luminal membrane of turtle urinary bladder. AB - In the absence of transepithelial electrochemical gradients, the direction of net K transport across the turtle urinary bladder is from the mucosal (M) to the serosal (S) solution. Under control conditions, M leads to S flux was 101 +/- 5 nmol . h-1 . (8 cm2)-1, S leads to M flux was 59 +/- 4, and the net absorptive flux was 42 +/- 6. The K absorptive pump was characterized by examining its dependence on voltage and ambient sodium and its sensitivity to mucosal ouabain. Lumen-negative voltages caused an increase rather than the expected decrease in active K absorption. Thus, the active K flux appeared to be coupled to a flow of positive charge in the opposite direction, possibly representing Na secretion in excess of K absorption. Net K absorption was abolished by removal of Na from the medium and by mucosal, but not serosal, addition of ouabain. The reverse electrogenicity, Na dependence, and ouabain sensitivity of K absorption indicate that the K pump of the mucosal membrane has characteristics of a Na-K-ATPase. PMID- 7282931 TI - Differences in active and passive glucose transport along the proximal nephron. AB - The transport of D-glucose was examined in isolated perfused segments of the rabbit proximal nephron. The total unidirectional lumen-to-bath flux of D-glucose in rabbit proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and early and late segments of proximal straight tubules (PST) could be described as the sum of two independent fluxes: one due to an active saturable transport site and the other a parallel passive permeation pathway. Both fluxes increased with increasing perfusion rate as a result of increased average luminal glucose concentration. The maximal active transport rate for glucose decreased along the nephron from 83.2 pmol . min-1 . mm-1 in the PCT to 12.9 and 7.9 in the early and late PST, respectively. The Km value for the active site also decreased from 1.64 mM in the PCT to 0.70 and 0.35 in the early and late PST, respectively. The permeability value for the passive permeation pathway, which was assessed from the linear dependence of bath to-lumen fluxes of L-glucose on bath concentration, decreased from 0.033 micrometers/s in the PCT to 0.015 and 0.009 in the early and late PST, respectively. These characteristics of a high transport capacity with moderate leak in the PCT and lower transport capacity with low leak in the PST allow the establishment of steep glucose concentration gradients in the PCT that are maintained and augmented in the late proximal nephron. PMID- 7282932 TI - Ontogeny of tissue and serum gastrin concentrations in fetal and neonatal sheep. AB - We investigated the perinatal ontogenic changes in ovine serum and tissue gastrin concentration. Fetal and maternal serum gastrin levels in serums obtained from indwelling catheters in the fetal and maternal circulations and tissue gastrin levels were assessed by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. Fetal serum gastrin concentration was undetectable until the 107th day of gestation and significantly increased to levels surpassing maternal values. Neonatal serum hormone concentration continued to rise, reaching a peak during the 4th postnatal wk and decreasing after the 4th wk coincident with weaning. Maternal serum gastrin concentration did not vary during pregnancy and did not correlate with fetal serum gastrin levels. Fetal abomasal and duodenal gastrin concentrations and abomasal G-cell number increased in parallel with the developmental alterations in fetal serum hormone levels during gestation. The developmental increase in abomasal gastrin concentration was not associated with a shift in the molecular form of the hormone. These findings support the hypothesis that circulating gastrin in the fetus is of fetal origin. PMID- 7282933 TI - Reversal of cholera toxin-induced secretion in rat ileum by luminal berberine. AB - The effect of luminal berberine hydrochloride concentration on cholera toxin induced water and electrolyte secretion and on normal water and electrolyte transport was determined in vivo in the cannulated, perfused rat ileum using [14C]polyethylene glycol as a nonabsorbable marker. Berberine reduced the cholera toxin-induced secretion of water, Na, Cl, and calculated residual ion (primarily HCO3) in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of berberine on cholera toxin-induced ileal secretion was evident 60-80 min after exposure and was reversed 60-80 min after removal of berberine from the perfusate. Mild changes in mucosal histology (villous tip edema) due to cholera toxin were also reversed by berberine. Berberine did not significantly alter normal ileal water and electrolyte transport. PMID- 7282934 TI - Adaptation of intestinal muscle in continuity after jejunoileal bypass in the rat. AB - Functional and structural adaptations of the intestine that remained in continuity after jejunoileal bypass [the in-continuity (IC) segment] were characterized in the rat. Three days after bypass, transit was rapid in fed rats, but, by 35 days, transit had slowed to mimic that seen in the intact intestine of control animals. In fasted rats, transit was as rapid as in the fed animals at 3 days after bypass; however, in fasted rats, transit did not slow when tested up to 35 days after operation. Transit in animals at 3, 14, and 35 days after sham operation was not different from control. Mucosal weights in the proximal and distal portions of the IC segment were increased at 3, 14, and 35 days after bypass. The wet weights and protein contents of the muscle and serosal layers of both portions of the IC segment were increased at 35 days. These findings support the hypothesis that the adaptation seen in the IC segment after bypass involves changes in function and structure of the intestinal smooth muscle as well as the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 7282937 TI - Microvascular rarefaction in spontaneously hypertensive rat cremaster muscle. AB - We have investigated the neural and local vascular effects on vessel length and surface area per unit volume in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) by quantitative stereology. Fourteen SHR and 14 KWY (70-130 g) were anesthetized with chloralose-urethan, and the cremaster muscle was exposed for microscopic observation. The large arterioles entering the muscle were termed the first order, and consecutive branches were termed second-, third-, and fourth order arterioles. The data were collected in three consecutive states: innervated, denervated, and vasodilated with nitroprusside. The third- and fourth order arteriole and capillary lengths per unit volume in the SHR were less than those of the WKY in all three states. The vessel surface area per unit volume was also reduced in the SHR. Denervation and sodium nitroprusside (Nipride) resulted in larger percent increases in vessel length and surface area in the SHR than in the WKY. We conclude that in the SHR cremaster muscle there are fewer terminal arterioles and capillaries anatomically present, and, under resting conditions, a greater percentage but similar absolute number of them are closed to flow. PMID- 7282936 TI - Uptake of cholesterol into rabbit jejunum using three in vitro techniques: importance of bile acid micelles and unstirred layer resistance. AB - The rate of uptake (Jd) of cholesterol into the intestine is influenced by the effective resistance of the unstirred water layer, the concentration of the probe molecule at the aqueous-membrane interface, and the passive permeability characteristics of the membrane. This study was undertaken to determine the influence of the bile acid micelle and the unstirred water layer on the Jd of cholesterol into rabbit jejunum, using everted sacs, full-thickness biopsies, and disks. When the bulk phase was stirred and the resistance of the unstirred layer was low, there was a linear relation between cholesterol concentration in the bulk phase and Jd when the concentration of taurodeoxycholic acid (TDC) was constant, but increasing TDC in the presence of a constant concentration of cholesterol was associated with a decline in Jd. When the concentration of both TDC and cholesterol was varied but the ratio of TDC to cholesterol was maintained constant, Jd increased slightly. The Jd of cholesterol was higher into sacs than into biopsies, which in turn was greater than into disks; Jd into disks was much lower when the resistance of the unstirred layer was high. These results suggest that 1) the bile acid micelle serves to provide a reservoir for partitioning of the cholesterol from the micelle into the aqueous phase from which the cholesterol is absorbed; 2) the Jd of cholesterol into disks of jejunum is influenced by the effective resistance of the unstirred water layer; and 3) although the quantity of cholesterol Jd varies markedly between sacs, biopsies, and disks, the qualitative aspects of the role of the bile acid micelle in cholesterol absorption were similar using the different in vitro techniques. PMID- 7282935 TI - Endogenous norepinephrine release induced by tyramine modulates intestinal ion transport. AB - To study the effects of endogenous norepinephrine on intestinal ion transport, we tested the actions of an indirect sympathomimetic agent, tyramine, on electrolyte fluxes in the short-circuited rabbit ileum in vitro. Tyramine (10(-5) M) alone had no effect on short-circuit current or Na transport but increased Cl absorption. Tyramine decreased the short-circuit current, stimulated both Na and Cl absorption, and increased tissue conductance when its breakdown by endogenous monoamine oxidase enzymes was inhibited by pretreatment with pargyline (10(-4) M). Pargyline alone had no effect on short-circuit current and NaCl transport. The effect of norepinephrine on NaCl transport was inhibited by the alpha adrenergic receptor antagonist, phentolamine (10(-7) M). This response was also prevented when animals were chemically sympathectomized with 6-hydroxydopamine. Although sympathectomy decreased measurable tissue norepinephrine by 80%, it did not alter basal short-circuit current, Na and Cl absorption, and the short circuit current response to glucose-stimulated Na transport and to exogenous norepinephrine. Thus, a pool of norepinephrine in intestinal adrenergic neurons released by tyramine affects intestinal ion transport but does not alter basal ion transport. These data suggest close neuropharmacologic similarities between the adrenergic nervous system in the intestine and other organs. PMID- 7282939 TI - Microvascular adaptations during maturation of striated muscle. AB - It is well known that capillary density in striated muscle changes during maturation. Capillary density is an important determinant of tissue oxygen supply, the other principal determinants being capillary erythrocyte flow and capillary hematocrit. The microcirculation of the hamster cremaster muscle was studied at different stages of development. We found that the microcirculation of juvenile animals was characterized by small intercapillary distances, short capillary lengths, and tortuous vessels. During maturation, the capillaries elongated and developed the more "typical" parallel pattern. Capillary density decreased from 1,626 +/- 60 capillaries . mm-3 at 35 days of age to 696 +/- 65 capillaries . mm-3 at 132 days; erythrocyte flow per capillary decreased from 1,441 +/- 135 to 583 +/- 47 micrometers 3 . s-1; and capillary hematocrit decreased from 21.5 +/- 0.7 to 14.6 +/- 0.6%. Concomitant with these decreases, the functional reserve increased; in adult muscles, capillary density could increase by 42%, erythrocyte flow per capillary by 457.2%, and capillary hematocrit by 112.4%, compared with 7.7, 20.3, and 24.1%, respectively, in immature animals. These observations show that age significantly modifies microvascular parameters related to tissue oxygen supply and provides an explanation for some conflicting observations in the literature. PMID- 7282938 TI - Bimodal relationship between sinus node arterial distension and sinus nodal automaticity. AB - In the isolated buffer perfused canine sinus node the effect of either an increase or decrease in perfusion rate (PR), and hence sinus node (SN) arterial pressure (PSNA), on the frequency of sinus nodal depolarization (SDF) is bimodal. SDF decreased from 121.9 +/- 6.1 to 101.4 +/- 6.0 depolarizations/min as PR and PSNA increased from 1 to 4 ml/min and from 18.7 +/- 3.8 to 45.1 +/- 7.3 mmHg, respectively. Further increasing PR from 4 to 10 ml/mn (PSNA increasing from 45.1 +/- 7.3 to 94.0 +/- 14.1 mmHg) caused SDF to increase from 101.4 +/- 6.0 to 121.0 +/- 7.4 depolarizations/min. With respect to the PR, SDF is logarithmically related to the relative degree to which the SN artery is distended, the degree of SN arterial distension being determined by the change in SN arterial resistance (R) with respect to PR (dR/dPR). This relationship is defined by the equation: SDF = 9.23 1n(--dR/dPR) + 99.7. While these results support the existence of a mechanism for autoregulation of sinus nodal automaticity, they indicate that it is considerably more complex than previously envisioned. PMID- 7282944 TI - Contamination of caudal mediastinal node efferent lymph in sheep. AB - Many investigators have used the chronic sheep lung lymph preparation to collect caudal mediastinal node (CMN) efferent lymph. These investigators have assumed that the lymph collected with the preparation is almost pure lung lymph. We examined 17 sheep for possible systemic contamination to the lymph, and in each sheep we found one to five lymph vessels that ran from the diaphragm to the CMN. Contamination from these vessels would not be eliminated in the chronic sheep preparation. We estimated the flow rate from these vessels to be 3.0 +/- 2.6 (SD) ml/h in anesthetized sheep. This represents 25-60% of the lymph flow rate in the chronic lymph preparation. In five sheep, we also located 1-4 esophageal lymph vessels that entered th CMN. These results show that lymph collected with the chronic sheep lung lymph preparation contains a significant nonpulmonary contamination. PMID- 7282942 TI - Skimming of microspheres in vitro: implications for measurement of intrarenal blood flow. AB - Skimming could result in erroneous estimation of renal cortical blood flow distribution as measured by microspheres. Skimming of microspheres with diameters 10, 12, and 15 micrometers and red blood cells was therefore studied in a model in which an interlobular artery and its first arteriolar branch were simulated by 80- and 30-micrometers-wide slits between glass prisms. The experiments were performed with citrated blood at a hematocrit (Hct) of 40, flow velocities of 3 and 6 cm/s, and branch flow varying from 2 to 25%. At a branch flow fraction comparable to that of a deep arteriole in the dog kidney (3%), Hct in branch blood was 24% lower than that of input blood, whereas 10-, 12-, and 15 micrometers microsphere concentrations were 75, 81, and 87% lower, respectively. The size-dependent skimming was probably caused by wall exclusion in the main channel. Differences in particle inertia did not affect skimming. The results suggest that the disparate local flow values obtained by use of microspheres of different sizes in dog and rat kidneys are due to a size-dependent skimming of the microspheres. PMID- 7282940 TI - Tissue PO2 and arteriolar responses to metabolic stimuli during maturation of striated muscle. AB - Tissue O2 tension (PO2) and small arteriolar diameter were measured in hamsters aged 32, 60, and 80 days. The cremaster muscle was isolated and superfused with a solution equilibrated with 0, 5, or 10% O2 stimulated to contract at 1 Hz. Resting muscle tissue PO2 was proportional to superfusate PO2 and was not different between age groups. The decrease in tissue PO2 during contraction was greatest in adult animals when the superfusate PO2 was low but was equal in all groups when the superfusate PO2 was high. Elevated superfusate PO2 was correlated with a vasoconstriction, the magnitude of which varied inversely with age. Resting and contraction-induced vascular diameter were largest in the youngest animals, relative to maximum diameter, but absolute resting and contraction induced diameters were similar in all groups. We suggest that tissue PO2 at rest was similar because of an age-associated decrease in fiber O2 consumption to maintain a constant proportionality between O2 supply and demand. The relative stability of tissue PO2 during contraction in young animals might have reflected superior regulation. However, a simple numerical analysis predicts smaller tissue PO2 decreases during contraction in young animals because of short intercapillary distances and other altered O2 supply parameters, even if regulation had been identical in all age groups. PMID- 7282941 TI - Tris does not inhibit isolated vascular or intestinal smooth muscle contraction. AB - There are conflicting reports on the effect of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) on smooth muscle contraction. Therefore, the effect of substitution of Tris for bicarbonate in physiological saline solution on smooth muscle contractility was investigated. Tris (25 mM) increased the amplitude without changing the frequency of spontaneous contractions in rat portal vein. Tris did not inhibit either norepinephrine-induced contractions in rat portal vein and aorta or histamine-induced contractions in taenia coli. When the pH of the Tris buffered solution was lowered from the control value of 7.4 to 7.0, spontaneous contractions in portal vein as well as agonist-induced contractions in all of the above preparations were inhibited. Tris did not inhibit contractions induced by calcium in potassium-depolarized smooth muscle preparations if the Tris-buffered solution contained sufficient amounts of sodium ion (as did bicarbonate-buffered solution). These results suggest that Tris does not inhibit contractile responses of isolated vascular and intestinal smooth muscle preparations provided that the conditions other than the buffer system (especially pH of solution) are similar to those in bicarbonate-buffered solutions. PMID- 7282945 TI - Detection of delayed ventricular activation on the body surface in dogs. AB - This study describes a noninvasive method for detecting delayed ventricular activation, caused by ischemia, on the body surface. Signal averaging and a newly developed high-pass digital filter were used. The filter has the property that it does not create an artifact or ring after the QRS complex ends, thereby allowing the detection of microvolt-level potentials that occur immediately after the QRS complex. Eleven dogs were studied before and during acute ischemia induced by coronary artery ligation and latex embolization. The ischemic region was mapped with bipolar electrodes and, after the chest was rapidly closed, signal-averaged recordings were made from the body surface. Repeated cycles of ventricular mapping and signal averaging were performed. In each dog, delayed and fractionated electrograms were recorded directly from the ischemic epicardium that lasted a maximum of 118 +/- 18 ms after QRS onset. The duration of the ventricular electrograms varied with time. Whenever delayed epicardial electrograms were recorded, filtered signal-averaged leads showed microvolt-level potentials early in the S-T segment that were continuous with the QRS complex. The duration of ventricular activation, as measured from the bipolar electrograms and from the filtered signal-averaged leads, correlated well (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001). Because of the absence of filter ringing, low-level potentials could be detected less than 40 ms after the QRS complex ended. This study demonstrates that microvolt-level potentials arising from delayed ventricular activation can be reliably detected on the body surface, even when they occur just after the QRS complex. PMID- 7282946 TI - Effect of inotropic interventions on rate of change of ventricular diastolic dimensions. AB - The effects of inotropic interventions upon the maximal rate of change of left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and internal diameter during early diastole were measured in nine open-chest dogs by ultrasonic-dimension gauges. Isoproterenol increased the maximal rate of wall thickening during systole from 28 +/- 3 to 48 +/- 5 (SE) mm/s (P less than 0.001), whereas it had no effect on the maximal rate of wall thinning during early diastole, 40 +/- 4 vs. 42 +/- 4 mm/s [not significant (NS)]. Isoproterenol also increased the maximal rate of reduction of the LV diameter during systole from 87 +/- 6 to 125 +/- 8 mm/s (P less than 0.001), whereas it had little effect on the maximal rate of increase of the diameter during early diastole, 79 +/- 6 vs. 87 +/- 4 mm/s (NS). Similarly, propranolol had a direct effect on the maximal rate of wall thickening and LV diameter reduction during systole, but it had little or no effect on their counterparts during early diastole. These observations support the concept that alterations of the contractile state need not be accompanied by a concomitant effect on relaxation. PMID- 7282947 TI - Comparison of fast and slow pressor effects of angiotensin II in the conscious rat. AB - Female Wistar rats were infused intravenously with 5% dextrose for 3 days, then with angiotensin II (ANG II) in 5% dextrose at 20 ng . kg-1 . min-1 for 7 days, and finally with dextrose for 2.5 days. ANG II raised mean arterial pressure (MAP) gradually; by the 7th day it was 49.7 mmHg higher than during the dextrose control period in the same rats. Control rats were infused with dextrose for 12.5 days; MAP did not change. Plasma ANG II concentration was measured during infusion. In hypertensive rats on the 7th day of ANG II infusion, it was six times higher than in control rats infused with dextrose. Changes of blood pressure and plasma ANG II concentration were compared in further rats infused with much larger doses of ANG II. Rats receiving 270 ng . kg-1 . min-1 for 1 h had an almost maximal direct pressor response, MAP rising 45.3 mmHg and plasma ANG II rising 32-fold compared with controls. Thus, infusion of ANG II at low dose without direct pressor effect gradually raises blood pressure to a level similar to the maximum direct pressor effect produced by larger doses of ANG II. Sodium balance and food and water intakes were also measured and did not change during prolonged infusion of ANG II at 20 ng . kg-1 . min-1. Thus, the slow pressure effect of ANG II develops at a lower and more nearly physiological plasma concentration of the peptide than do the direct pressor effect and the effects on drinking, eating, and urinary sodium excretion. PMID- 7282943 TI - Criteria for adequate oxygenation of isometric kitten papillary muscle. AB - Papillary muscles were taken from the right ventricles of hearts excised from chloroform-anesthetized kittens. Progressive 100-mmHg stepwise decreases in superfusate oxygen partial pressure (PO2) from control (95% O2 aeration, PO2, 620 650 mmHg) were produced, and subsequent changes in isometric active and resting tension were measured. If, under a given set of experimental conditions, the initial decrement in PO2 produced no decrease in active tensions development, it was concluded that complete oxygenation of the entire muscle cross section was achieved when bath PO2 was maximal. Accordingly, adequate muscle oxygenation during 95% O2 aeration occurred when temperature, stimulation rate, and mean muscle diameter were, respectively, 1) 37 degrees C, 30 beats/min, and 0.89 +/- 0.06 mm; 2) 30 degrees C, 30 beats/min, and 0.94 +/- 0.02 mm; and 3) 30 degrees C, 12 beats/min, and 1.15 +/- 0.09 mm. On the other hand, adequate oxygenation at either 30 or 37 degrees C was not demonstrable when rate was 60 beats/min and muscle diameter exceeded 0.60 mm. We conclude that very low stimulation rates are required for oxygen sufficiency unless the papillary muscle is extremely thin. PMID- 7282949 TI - Effect of microsphere size on apparent intramural distribution of intestinal blood flow. AB - Microspheres were used in earlier studies to determine the distribution of blood flow within the intestinal wall, but the selection of microsphere size was not systematic. In one study, a 5-micrometers difference in mean diameter markedly altered the submucosal vs. mucosal distribution of microspheres. Therefore, we examined the effect of size on microsphere distribution within the gut wall. Loops of canine small bowel were perfused at constant pressure, and microspheres were injected in the following order: 9 +/- 1, 15 +/- 1, and 26 +/- 2 micrometers. Gut segments were separated into mucosal, submucosal, and muscularis tissues. The microspheres were recovered from digested tissues and venous blood. The number and diameter of spheres in an aliquot of resuspended spheres were determined by digital image analysis. The ratio of mucosal to submucosal accumulation varied 60-fold for sphere diameters from 8 to 20 micrometers. The muscularis' share did not vary systematically with sphere size. Approximately 20% of spheres less than 11 micrometers reached venous blood, whereas few (less than 1%) of larger sizes did. We conclude: 1) sphere distribution within the gut wall is size dependent, 2) correction for microsphere shunting will be difficult, because the route taken by untrapped spheres is unknown, and 3) fractionating intramural flow among the three layers is not practical with commercially available spheres. However, under control conditions 15-micrometers spheres seem to distribute independently of size between muscularis and a lumped mucosal submucosal compartment. PMID- 7282948 TI - Mechanisms of mitral valve motion during diastole. AB - To examine the mechanisms of mitral valve motion in mid diastole and at closure, we simultaneously measured mitral flow (electromagnetic), valve motion (echo), and atrioventricular pressures (micromanometer). Peak valve excursion (E point) occurs early 46 +/- 7 ms) after opening and always precedes peak flow; therefore, mid-diastolic closing motion (EF slope) is not due to flow deceleration or vortex formation. Large variations in peak flow are accompanied by small variations in valve excursion (coefficient of variation 41 vs. 12%, respectively). We conclude that the valve overshoots its equilibrium position and that the chordae produce tension on the valve during diastole. This approach is supported by data from papillary muscle rupture, prolonged P-R interval, and mathematical modeling. We offer a valve-closure theory unifying chordal tension, flow deceleration, and vortices, with chordal tension as a necessary condition for the proper function of the other two. Nevertheless, prolonged periods of diastasis and ventricular premature contractions indicate that competent valve closure may occur in the absence of vortices and flow deceleration. PMID- 7282951 TI - Interaction between carotid and cardiopulmonary baroreflexes in control of plasma ADH. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an interaction between carotid baroreceptors (CBR) and cardiopulmonary receptors with vagal afferents (CPVA) in the control of plasma vasopressin (ADH). Changes in ADH (radioimmunoassay) in the superior vena cava were determined in 13 chloralose anesthetized dogs with aortic nerves sectioned during concomitantly induced changes in CBR and CPVA input. CBR input was changed by altering pressure (CSP) in the isolated perfused sinuses. Carotid sinus pressure (CSP) was initially set at 50 mmHg. The CPVA input was reversibly interrupted by cooling the vagi to 0 degrees C while CSP was concomitantly increased to 135 or 200 mmHg or was held constant at 50 mmHg. Vagal cold block (VCB) with CSP held constant at 50 mmHg resulted in large increases in arterial pressure and plasma vasopressin. Increases in CSP to 200 mmHg resulted in significant decreases in arterial pressure and in plasma vasopressin despite concomitant VCB. VCB and concomitant increase in CSP to 135 mmHg resulted in a significant fall in arterial pressure, whereas plasma vasopressin tended to increase. Thus, the influence on arterial pressure of raising CSP to 135 mmHg exceeds that of VCB. In contrast, the influence of VCB on ADH equals or exceeds that of raising CSP to 135 mmHg. These differential responses of arterial pressure and plasma ADH suggest an interaction between CBR and CPVA in the control of ADH and arterial pressure. PMID- 7282950 TI - Evidence for circulating factors as a cause of venous hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Increased contractility, decreased extensibility, and hypertrophy occur in portal veins (PV) obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). This study evaluates the potential existence of circulating humoral factors as mediators of these changes. SHR were parabiosed with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) matched for sex and age. Blood pressure increased over a 3-wk to 5-mo period in 2 mo-old WKY parabiosed with SHR. Similar changes were absent in WKY parabiosed with WKY (WKY-WKY) or in SHR parabiosed with SHR (SHR-SHR). The functional blood flows between the parabiosed pairs were 1.4 +/- 0.21%. PV obtained from WKY-WKY developed less spontaneous tension, less tension in response to norepinephrine, potassium chloride, angiotensin II, an 9 alpha, 11 alpha-epoxymethano prostaglandin H2, and were more extensible than PV obtained from SHR-SHR. In contrast, PV obtained from the WKY member of the WKY-SHR, developed changes similar to PV obtained from the SHR. The wet and dry weight and protein content increased in the PV of WKY-SHR, when compared with these parameters in the PV obtained from WKY-WKY. Light microscopy of the blood vessels demonstrated that PV obtained from the wKY parabiosed to SHR exhibited medial smooth muscle hypertrophy. These data support the conclusion that a circulating humoral factor in the SHR may initiate the venous smooth muscle derangements during the development of spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 7282953 TI - Cardiac output during cardiopulmonary resuscitation at various compression rates and durations. AB - Cardiac output during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was measured by a modified indicator-dilution technique in 20 anesthetized dogs (6-12 kg), during repeated 1- to 2-min episodes of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation, by a mechanical chest compressor and ventilator. With compression rates from 20 to 140/min and compression durations (duty cycles) from 10 to 90% of cycle time, cardiac output (CO) was predicted by the equation: CO = CR . SVmax . [DC/(k1 . CR + DC)] . [(1 -- DC)/k2 . CR + 1 - DC)], where CR is compression rate, DC is duty cycle, SVmax (19 ml) is the effective capacity of the pumping chamber, and k1 (0.00207 min) and k2 (0.00707 min) are ejection and filling constants. This expression predicts maximal CO for DC = 0.40 and cR = 126/min and 90-100% of maximal CO for 0.3 less than DC less than 0.5 and 70 less than CR less than 150/min. Such mathematical analysis may prove useful in the optimization of CPR. PMID- 7282952 TI - Myocardial mechanical alterations during gradual onset long-term hypertension in rats. AB - Although a suddenly produced load leads to depressed myocardial contractility, the effects of a slowly induced physiological overload have not been defined. Therefore, a more gradual pressure overload was produced in female Wistar rats by hypertension due to constriction of the left renal artery. Hypertension (systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 150 mmHg) developed within 3 wk, and blood pressure continued to increase for the next 5 wk. Heart weights in hypertensive animals were elevated by 34% after the onset of hypertension. Isometric and isotonic contractions from left ventricular papillary muscles were recorded at 5, 10, 20, and 30 wk after the onset of hypertension. Total and actively developed isometric tension at all initial muscle lengths were significantly greater in hypertensive animals throughout the 30-wk period. Time to peak tension and time to half relaxation were significantly prolonged. Force velocity curves demonstrated a significant depression in velocity of shortening at all relative loads in hypertensive muscles that progressed with the duration of hypertension. These studies suggest that myocardial hypertrophy may impart the ability to maintain ventricular performance in terms of force development while speed of shortening decays. PMID- 7282956 TI - Nonlinearity, multistability, and fluctuations: reviewing the reviewers. AB - Mathematicians, physicists, and physical chemists have generated a number of viewpoints related to systems with nonlinearity, multistability, and fluctuations. The viewpoints tend to be characterized by slogans generated by the respective advocates, e.g., Catastrophe Theory, Dissipative Structures, and Synergetics. The advocates also usually stress the applicability of their work to biology and to self-organization. Have the discussions in the semipopular and broader technical journals served to give proper guidance to the outsider through their assessment of these viewpoints? We discuss this, with particular emphasis on book reviews. PMID- 7282955 TI - A circuit for measuring peak potential. AB - The measurement of maximal potential is an integral part of several biological signal analyzers. We designed a circuit, which, unlike previously described devices that perform this function, is capable of picking a positive peak at below ground potentials or a negative peak above ground. Other features include user-selected decay characteristics, allowing beta-to-beat following and rejection of base-line noise. The circuit was implemented and tested with intracellular signals recorded from cardiac Purkinje fibers. PMID- 7282954 TI - Effect of sympathectomy on arterial and venous changes in renal hypertensive rats. AB - Arterial pressure-flow and venous pressure-volume relationships were measured at maximal vasodilatation in the denervated pump-perfused hindquarters of four groups of rats: 1) neonatally sympathectomized (guanethidine-injected and adrenal demedullated), one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive (n = 9); 2) sympathectomized, sham-operated, unilaterally nephrectomized control (n = 10); 3) sham sympathectomized, one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive (n = 8); and 4) sham sympathectomized, sham-operated, unilaterally nephrectomized control (n = 9). Dry defatted weight of anatomically defined segments of the aorta and vena cava in the four groups of rats also was measured. Significant rises in arterial pressure developed in sympathectomized rats after clipping of the renal artery and contralateral nephrectomy. Arterial pressure-flow curves were shifted toward the pressure axis (P less than 0.01) in clipped rats whether sympathectomized or not. In sympathectomized clipped rats, there was also a shift of the venous pressure volume curves toward the pressure axis (P less than 0.05). The same degree of hypertrophy of the aorta was found in sympathectomized and sham-sympathectomized clipped rats. The findings indicate that in renal hypertensive rats structural changes of both large arteries and veins may develop in the absence of an intact sympathoadrenergic system. PMID- 7282957 TI - Extracerebral deep-body cold sensitivity in the Pekin duck. AB - Pekin ducks, in which cerebral cold sensitivity is negligible, were submitted to general body cooling at warm, thermoneutral, and cold ambient temperature (Ta) with an intestinal thermode. In some animals, hypothermia was enhanced by additional hypothalamic cooling that suppressed cold defense. In other animals, the spinal cord was cooled, either selectively or during intestinal cooling. From core temperature (Tc) and metabolic heat production (M) an overall cold sensitivity of about -5 to -6 W . kg-1 . degrees C-1 was determined at thermoneutrality. Maximum M amounted to four to five times the resting M of 3.8 W . kg-1 and was attained when Tc fell by 2.5 degrees C or more. In the cold, threshold Tc for the activation of M was elevated; overall cold sensitivity remained constant. In the warmth, threshold Tc was lowered; overall cold sensitivity was reduced, if mean skin temperature (Tsk) remained at aout 39 degrees C or higher. Spinal cold sensitivity amounted to about -0.25 W . kg-1 . degrees C-1 at normal Tc and thermoneutral and warm Ta; it increased to aout 0.50 W . kg-1 . degrees C-1 in the cold and during hypothermia. Peripheral cold sensitivity was estimated from Tsk and M as -0.4 to -0.8 W . kg-1 . degrees C-1. It is concluded that overall cold sensitivity in ducks mainly depends on deep body temperature sensors outside of the central nervous system. PMID- 7282958 TI - Bradykinin effects on adrenergic transmission in the canine kidney: relation to prostaglandins. AB - We studied the action(s) of bradykinin at the renal vascular neuroeffector junction, and its relation to prostaglandin synthesis, by investigating the effect of the peptide on the renal venous output of the neurotransmitter and on the renal vasoconstrictor responses elicited by sympathetic nerve stimulation and by norepinephrine in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Renal arterial infusion of bradykinin at 10 ng . kg-1 . min-1 increased blood flow to the kidney and inhibited the vasoconstrictor effect of renal nerve stimulation (1-8 Hz) and injected norepinephrine (0.06-0.5 micrograms). However, bradykinin did not alter the rise in venous output of norepinephrine elicited by nerve stimulation. Infusion of another vasodilatory peptide, substance P (2 ng . kg-1 . min-1) into the renal artery also increased blood flow to the kidney but failed to alter the vasoconstriction produced by either adrenergic stimulus. Pretreatment of dogs with an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, either sodium meclofenamate or indomethacin (5 mg/kg), abolished the inhibitory effect of the kinin on renal vasoconstriction produced by adrenergic stimuli. These data suggest that bradykinin acts on postjunctional sites to reduce adrenergically induced vasoconstriction in the canine kidney by a mechanism dependent on prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7282960 TI - Electroencephalographic serotonin synchronization: area postrema and solitary tract nucleus. AB - Unilateral microinjection of serotonin (5-HT) into the solitary tract nucleus (STN) increased the amplitude of all electroencephalographic (EEG) waves ipsilateral to the site of injection. Unilateral STN blockage by lidocaine blocked the ipsilateral effect of 5-HT. Unilateral lesion of the area postrema (AP) increased the amplitude of the ipsilateral EEG in response to 5-HT stimulation of the obex. In contrast, unilateral lesion of both AP and STN decreased the amplitude of the ipsilateral EEG response to 5-HT. The data show that the STN is critically involved in 5-HT synchronizing mechanism and that the AP may have an inhibitory tonic effect on the STN. PMID- 7282959 TI - Isoproterenol-induced thirst: renal and extrarenal mechanisms. AB - When given systemically, isoproterenol will induce water intake in various species. The drug also causes hypotension and renin release from the kidney. Angiotensin II and arterial baroreceptors have been hypothesized to be involved in the mediation of beta-adrenoceptor agonist-induced thirst, but their relative importance has been disputed. In the present series of experiments, isoproterenol was infused intravenously at different rates into nephrectomized and ureteric ligated rats. Thus, different levels of hypotension could be achieved and maintained while water intake was measured. Also, plasma levels of angiotensin II were determined in ureteric-ligated rats following the intravenous infusion of a dipsogenic dose of isoproterenol. The results indicate that for moderate blood pressure changes a renal-related factor, probably angiotensin II, plays a major role in the mediation of isoproterenol-induced thirst. Under extreme conditions involving a very dramatic drop of arterial blood pressure, extrarenal mechanisms (e.g., arterial baroreceptors) are implicated. PMID- 7282961 TI - Right atrium mediates a vasomotor reflex. AB - To examine the role of right atrial receptors in mediating reflex vascular responses we measured, in cats anesthetized with chloralose/urethan, changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in response to volume pulsation of the right atrium (+/- 1 ml, 1 Hz). Changes in MAP were measured 1) with pressure in the carotid arteries normal and vagus nerves intact: right atrial pulsation led to a very small and transient fall in MAP; 2) with pressure in the carotid arteries at 75 mmHg and the vagus nerves intact: right atrial pulsation led to a larger and sustained fall in MAP; 3) with pressure in the carotid arteries at 75 mmHg and the vagus nerves cooled or sectioned bilaterally: right atrial pulsation of the right atrium led only to a very small and transient fall in MAP. These data suggest strongly that signals from right atrial receptors traveling in the vagus nerves mediate a reflex change in MAP that is normally masked by signals from carotid receptors. PMID- 7282962 TI - Behavioral responses to pyrogen in cold-stressed and starved newborn rabbits. AB - Starvation for 2 days and a chronic mild cold stress prevented the rises in body temperature that normally occur in newborn rabbits that have been injected with pyrogen (Piromen, 5 mg/kg). Nevertheless, the stressed pups selected significantly warmer positions in a thermal gradient than did saline-injected littermates and thereby raised their body temperatures. Enhanced heat seeking and subsequent fever were also observed in normally fed pups that were incubated at 24 degrees C and had become hypothermic after pyrogen injection. The responses of the pups before they were allowed to thermoregulate behaviorally resemble the types of thermal responses to infection seen in human newborns. The temperature selection of these pups, and others, indicates that pyrogen elevates the set points of newborn rabbits when endothermic fever is attenuated or even absent. PMID- 7282963 TI - Nonshivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscle of seasonally acclimatized mice, Peromyscus. AB - Nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) is a major contributor to total heat production capabilities of Peromyscus and the magnitude of the NST response increases dramatically in winter-acclimatized animals. To directly assess the contribution from skeletal muscle to this NST, a hindlimb perfusion system was developed for Peromyscus. Oxygen consumption was then measured with and without norepinephrine (the mediator of NST) in freshly captured animals in summer and winter. Norepinephrine (NE) was infused at 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 micrograms . g hindlimb muscle-1 . min-1. Vascular resistance (VR), calculated as arterial pressure divided by flow rate, increased during all NE infusions. At doses of 0.001 and 0.01, VR stabilized after approximately 10 min, but at 0.1 VR continued to rise. Resting oxygen consumption was 0.817 +/- 0.037 and 0.805 +/- 0.049 mumol O2 . g-1 . min-1 in summer (n = 8) and winter (n = 7) animals, respectively. There was no apparent increase in oxygen consumption with any dosage of NE. It appears that the increase in NST in winter animals is not due to an increased NST in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7282964 TI - Pyrogens fail to produce fever in a cordylid lizard. AB - We investigated the effects on body temperature of the lizard Cordylus cataphractus of intracardiac injections of leucocyte pyrogen (LP) synthesized from rabbit blood and of killed Aeromonas hydrophila, a gram-negative bacterium reputed to be pathogenic in lizards. Lizards were placed in a photothermal gradient that allowed them to select a preferred body temperature following the injections. Neither injection of 0.5 ml rabbit LP nor of 4 X 10(9) organisms of A. hydrophila in 0.2 ml sterile saline caused body temperature of lizards to differ from that of control lizards injected with sterile saline. Following injection of these solutions in the lizards placed in a thermal gradient where ambient temperature ranged from 20-88 degrees C, body temperature was maintained between 32 and 34 degrees C. Pyrogens failed to elevate body temperature even when body temperature was elevated artificially to 36 degrees C before injection. We conclude that C. cataphractus does not respond with fever to either rabbit LP or A. hydrophila. Fever may not be ubiquitous even among lizards. PMID- 7282965 TI - Ratio of central nervous system to body metabolism in vertebrates: its constancy and functional basis. AB - We present and document an hypothesis that healthy adults of most vertebrate species use 2-8% of their basal metabolism for the central nervous system (CNS). This relationship is constant across all classes of vertebrates, as we found by examining data from 42 species, including 3 fish, 3 amphibia, 2 reptiles, 6 birds, and 28 mammals. To explain its constancy, we hypothesize that an optimal functional relationship between the energy requirements of an animal's executor system (muscle metabolism) and its control system (CNS metabolism) was established early in vertebrate evolution. Three types of exceptional cases are discussed in terms of the hypothesis: very large animals, domesticated animals, and primates. PMID- 7282967 TI - Automatic detection of eye movements in REM sleep using the electrooculogram. AB - An automated method for detecting and counting eye movements using the electrooculogram (EOG) wave form during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep is presented. The method is formulated as a sequential decision process with decisions based on slope and amplitude threshold criteria. Signal processing techniques such as digital filtering and smoothing are used to improve the effectiveness of the method. Validation is done by using the method on EOG data from three infants and comparing the automated count of eye movements with the visual counts of human observers. The correlation coefficient between the automated and visual count is greater than 0.9, the first-order regression coefficient close to 1.0, and the zero-order regression coefficient close to 0. We believe that this method will be useful in differentiating between the substates of REM sleep in studies of cardiorespiratory physiology. PMID- 7282966 TI - Role of autonomics in the initiation of electromechanical dissociation. AB - The onset of electromechanical dissociation during acute cardiac tamponade in mongrel dogs is significantly prolonged by either surgical or pharmacologic sympathectomy. Bilateral vagotomy does not have any apparent effect on the initiation of electromechanical dissociation. Pretreatment with isoproterenol just prior to tamponade does not significantly increase heart rate or the double product. Cardiopulmonary sympathetic efferent stimulation significantly decreases the time to the onset of electromechanical dissociation by increasing the heart rate and double product. The early onset of electromechanical dissociation appears to be related to cardiac work and oxygen consumption. PMID- 7282968 TI - Systemic arterial pressor responses induced by potassium in dogfish, Squalus acanthias. AB - Intravascular injection of small doses of potassium (0.025-0.5 meq) into dogfish results in dose-related dorsal aortic pressor responses. The responses are blocked by phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent. Assays of plasma catecholamines before and after injection of potassium (K+) showed that plasma levels of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) had increased significantly (E, 314%; NE, 233%) 1 min after injection. The pressor responses were initiated 40-90 s after K+ injection at which time plasma E and NE levels were already significantly elevated. Experiments on isolated dogfish arterial strips showed that phentolamine cannot block the increase in vascular smooth muscle tension that occurs after direct exposure to small increases (0.003 meq/ml) in K+ concentration. Because phentolamine effectively blocks the pressor response to even higher doses of K+ in vivo, it is thought that, in addition to any direct vasoconstrictor effect or K+, the adrenergic stimulation provided by catecholamine release is required to produce the observed pressor response. PMID- 7282969 TI - Zinc nutrition and salt preference in rats. AB - Zinc-deficient rats have an increased preference for sodium chloride (saltwater). We investigated the possibility that this elevated saltwater preference is due to nonfunctional taste receptors. In experiment I, zinc-deficient rats consumed more saltwater than zinc-sufficient rats at most sodium chloride concentrations tested (0.001-1.0 M). When the zinc-deficient rats were fed a zinc-sufficient diet, the clinical symptoms of zinc deficiency rapidly disappeared. However, the rats still preferred saltwater to a greater extent than rats maintained on the zinc sufficient diet. In experiment II, rats fed diets supplemented with levels of zinc below the requirement for maximum growth had an increased preference for saltwater (0.15 M NaCl). In experiment III, electrophysiological responses of the taste nerves to various concentrations of sodium chloride, sucrose, quinine . HCl, and hydrochloric acid were the same in both zinc-deficient and zinc sufficient rats. We conclude that the taste receptor sensitivity of the rat is not impaired by zinc deficiency. The increased salt preference of zinc-deficient rats might be related to some endocrine or central nervous system disorder precipitated by inadequate dietary zinc. PMID- 7282970 TI - Maintenance diet and the effects of furosemide on hamsters. AB - Experiment 1 indicated that furosemide, a diuretic, was ineffective in causing hamsters to excrete more urinary sodium when they were fed a sodium-replete diet. Neither the experimental nor the control animals showed any appreciable change in urinary sodium concentration when injected while maintained on Purina lab chow. However, experimental animals that were fed a sodium-deficient diet and then were injected with furosemide showed an increase in urinary volume as well as in sodium concentration in comparison with controls. Experiment 2 assessed the effect of furosemide on the hamsters' intake of saline when they were presented with either 0.9% NaCl and water or 2.0% NaCl solution and water. The results indicated that this diuretic increased the animals' intake of 0.9% saline but not of 2.0% NaCl. Ten days after this experiment, the same hamsters were then tested in a situation where they were presented with both 0.9% and 2.0% saline (Experiment 3). When these animals were injected with furosemide, both groups showed increased intake of 2.0% saline but not of 0.9% NaCl. These results indicate that the outcome of two-bottle preference tests is influenced by the combinations upon which the hamster is making the paired comparison. Experiment 4 involved the comparison of the single-stimulus and double-stimulus methods in assessing the effects of furosemide injections on the saline intake of different groups of hamsters. In general, the double-stimulus method appears to be more sensitive in detecting the natriorexigenic effects of furosemide. PMID- 7282971 TI - The role of faith in psychoanalysis. PMID- 7282972 TI - Psychoanalytic psychotherapy and the fear of death. PMID- 7282975 TI - Treatment of young adults with sexual maladaptation. AB - Three clinical cases were presented to demonstrate the capacity to utilize psychoanalytic techniques in the treatment of young adults with sexual maladaptations. Psychoanalytic treatment of adolescents with sexual maladaptation can be gratifying, as the young patient is amenable to the reworking of earlier developmental psychopathology. Where symptomatic sexual disturbance is noted, the pregenital and oedipal instinctual impulses can be creatively examined in a psychoanalytic situation. Therapeutic flexibility and cultural awareness are vital ingredients for a successful outcome. PMID- 7282974 TI - Etiological factors in a case of male perversion. PMID- 7282973 TI - Therapeutic approaches to changing masculine role behavior. PMID- 7282976 TI - Man as timekeeper. PMID- 7282977 TI - Accentuating the positive in adolescent patients. PMID- 7282978 TI - Anality: a theory of erotism and characterology. AB - The psychogenesis of anality is in the psychosexual events of the second year of life. An analysis of that phase of development centers on the biological determinants of psychological development, specifically on the erotization of the excretory functions. The social structures interfering with this process are examined. The interrelationship of feces, child, and penis are analyzed within the context of the total libidinal spectrum of development and object relations. Bipolarity is seen as an integral facet of the anal character, manifested in the retentive-eliminative continuum and in the aggressive-erotic divergences. These trends are examined in detail vis-a-vis the ultimate ossification of the anal adult. In this context, the percept of anal-sadism is introduced and alternate interpretations of the phenomenon are suggested. Various characteristics frequently associated with anal characterology are discussed and an attempt is made to demarcate the status (as integral or peripheral) of these traits. Sociocultural contingencies of anality are also considered, particularly with regard to Western institutions. The major pathological maladaptions related to anality are detailed. These include the obsessions and rigid superego development, paranoia, and homosexuality. The status of anality is then evaluated from the ego-psychological perspective, and interpersonal and societal factors are considered. What emerges is a unitary construct of anality which incorporates both erotism and characterology. PMID- 7282979 TI - Limbic regression with derepression of oedipal feelings. PMID- 7282981 TI - Catatonia: collapsed space-time. PMID- 7282980 TI - Therapist anonymity in rural areas. PMID- 7282982 TI - The modification Bristow-Helfet procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder subluxations and dislocations. AB - A review of 107 cases in which the Bristow-Helfet procedure was done for recurrent anterior shoulder subluxation and dislocation is presented. The redislocation rate was 2% with very few complications. Eighty-nine percent of the patients were satisfied with the procedure. Mean loss of external rotation was 12.6 degrees. Six of the 41 patients with dominant shoulder surgery were capable of throwing in the same manner as they did prior to injury. Five of 24 patients (21%) with a diagnosis of recurrent anterior subluxation continued to have symptoms of instability following surgery. Associated symptoms of posterior or voluntary subluxation may preclude a satisfactory result. PMID- 7282983 TI - Elbow injury in women's gymnastics. AB - This investigation reports on 30 female gymnasts with 32 elbow injuries acquired in gymnastics. Thirty of the injuries were acute fractures and dislocations, and two developed Panner's disease of the humeral capitellum. Primary treatment included 14 closed reductions and 11 open surgical procedures. Those who returned to competition lost an average of 4.1 months. Spotters were not present during nearly 60% of these injuries. The mechanism which led to a variety of elbow injuries was possibility singular: a fall on an outstretched arm. More than twice as many injuries occurred on this mats or the bare floor than on thicker mats. The authors concluded, after the study, that elbow immobilization for as short a time as possible was beneficial to regaining range of motion. We recommend reducing injuries by employing spotters, using thicker mats, and educating young gymnasts in techniques of falling. PMID- 7282985 TI - Bilateral femoral and tibial shaft stress fractures in a runner. PMID- 7282984 TI - Hot-air ballooning injuries. AB - The sport of hot-air ballooning is generally safe, but does place its participants in certain unique circumstances which may predispose them to injury. Fractures of the ankle and compression fractures of the lumbar spine are among the most common skeletal injuries that require orthopaedic care. Attention to basket design, proper education of the passenger, and careful consideration of terrain and prevailing weather conditions may help make ballooning a safer sport. PMID- 7282986 TI - Knee flexion device. A device for gaining and maintaining knee flexion after manipulation. PMID- 7282987 TI - Consecutive indirect patella fractures in an adolescent basketball player. A case report. PMID- 7282988 TI - Lateral patellar retinacular release. PMID- 7282989 TI - Lateral roentgenographic projections of the acromioclavicular joint. AB - Although the acromioclavicular joint is frequently injured in both contact and noncontact sports, the treatment is nonspecific, as demonstrated by the numerous methods of treatment currently employed. Despite treatment, some shoulders still develop chronic symptoms and disability during overhead lifting, throwing, and swinging. Perhaps these difficulties develop as a result of an incomplete evaluation of the joint and because the exact nature of the injury is not appreciated. Therefore, the shoulder develops chronic problems. We have routinely utilized a lateral roentgenogram of the acromion to evaluate the acromioclavicular joint. This has significantly aided us in the diagnosis and treatment of acromioclavicular joint injuries, especially when there was posterior dislocation of the distal clavicle. This presentation reviews standard roentgenography of the acromioclavicular joint and illustrates the method of obtaining the lateral projection as described by O. M. Alexander. We will also show how this method has helped us clinically in detecting posterior dislocations of the distal end of the clavicle. PMID- 7282990 TI - Kinesiology. I. The semantics and application of forces involved in the human body in motion. PMID- 7282992 TI - Mixed tumors of the vagina. A clinicopathological analysis of eight cases. AB - Eight mixed tumors of the vagina are described. Seven of them were situated in or near the hymenal ring. All but one were well-circumscribed masses unconnected to the surface epithelium. They were composed of small stromal-type cells usually containing islands of mature squamous cells and glands lined by mucinous epithelium. Their histogenesis is not clear. Follow-up of 2--9 years in seven of the cases has revealed no evidence of recurrence or metastases after local excision. PMID- 7282991 TI - Women's gymnastics. A significant rule change. PMID- 7282993 TI - Spindle-cell lipoma. A clinical, light- and electron-microscopical study. AB - Five spindle-cell lipomas, all in male patients, were examined by light and electron microscopy. Four were located in the subcutaneous tissues of the upper back or posterior neck and one behind the left ear. They exhibited a spectrum of histological growth patterns. Electron microscopy demonstrated two distinct populations of tumor cells; one, a spindled non-fat-storing mesenchymal cell and the other a mature lipocyte. It is hypothesized that the spindled cells are analogous to the stellate mesenchymal cell of the primitive fat lobule. PMID- 7282995 TI - Atypical polypoid adenomyomas of the endometrium. AB - Five unusual polypoid lesions of the endometrium which we term atypical polypoid adenomyomas are described; these growths occurred in premenopausal women. Each of the polyps was characterized by irregular atypical glands with squamous metaplasia and a cellular, smooth muscle mesenchyme, having a pattern to be distinguished from infiltrating adenocarcinoma or a malignant mixed mullerian tumor. Electron microscopy in one case confirmed the presence of a well differentiated smooth muscle component. These lesions were focal and noninvasive. Two of the three patients who had hysterectomies has small residual lesions confined to the endometrium. Follow-up from 4 to 24 months showed no recurrence. One patient had a second D & C reported as normal; she subsequently became pregnant. The benign behavior of these unusual polyps suggests that atypical adenomyomas can be managed conservatively in the premenopausal woman without the necessity of a hysterectomy. PMID- 7282994 TI - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in the multiple endocrine neoplasia IIA syndrome. AB - Clinical, biochemical, and morphologic parameters in 72 patients with familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia IIA (MEN IIA) were reviewed. Sixty-nine patients had undergone total thyroid resection. In 27 patients (Group I) the thyroid tumors were smaller than 0.7 cm in diameter; five of these patients had C-cell hyperplasia alone. In 19 patients (Group II) tumors ranged from 0.7 to 1.5 cm, and in 26 patients (Group III) they were larger than 1.5 cm. The mean ages at surgery were 19.6 years (Group I), 33.7 years (Group II), and 32.2 years (Group III). Regional lymph node metastases occurred less often in patients of Group I, 4/20 (20%) and Group II, 4/13 (30%) than in those of Group III, 14/17 (82%) [p = 0.0001]. Elevated postoperative plasma calcitonin levels, indicative of residual MTC, were observed less frequently in patients in Group I, 6/27 (22%) and Group II, 6/15 (50%) than in Group III, 11/15 (73%) [p = 0.005]. All of the patients in Group I and Group II are alive (mean follow-up of 3.5 years and 6.0 years following surgery), whereas 6/26 (23%) Group III patients have died of metastatic MTC, three within 2 years of initial diagnosis. Histologic features varied with tumor diameter. All tumors from patients in Group III contained amyloid, while the majority of those from patients in Group I had an infiltrative configuration and 9/22 tumors lacked amyloid. Among neoplasms from patients in Group III, mitotic figures correlated with distant metastases or death from tumor. Only 1/16 patients who died from MTC had a distinctive tumor morphology, namely a prominent component of small cell anaplastic carcinoma. Early detection of minimal MTC in MEN IIA family members offers the best chance of curing patients with this potentially fatal lesion. PMID- 7282996 TI - Monstrous epithelial cells in human epididymis and seminal vesicles. A pseudomalignant change. AB - Peculiar monstrous epithelial cells simulating anaplastic malignant transformation were observed in human epididymis and seminal vesicles. In epididymis, scattered hyperchromatic giant epithelial cells were seen protruding into the lumina of ductuli efferentes in 12 of 43 specimens examined (28%). Eight cases were seen in cancer patients and four cases in noncancer patients. In seminal vesicles, epithelial cells exhibiting nuclear hypertrophy, hyperchromatism, and transformation into a variety of grotesquely shaped nuclei were observed in 24 of 32 specimens examined (75%). Fourteen cases were seen in cancer patients and 10 cases in noncancer patients. Since the peculiar epithelial changes were observed in both cancer and noncancer patients, this phenomenon represented a histologically pseudomalignant condition. In both organs, the group of patients without atypical epithelial changes were younger. Generally, the pseudomalignant changes were not seen in persons under the age of 20. There was no correlation to any particular systemic disease. The histogenesis remains speculative, but hormonal effects or degeneration due to aging seem to be contributory. The most important aspect of these observations, however, is that the changes described should not be mistaken for cancer. In addition, eosinophilic hyaline bodies were frequently observed in the muscle layer of seminal vesicles. The nature and the significance of their occurrence is unknown. PMID- 7282997 TI - A method for the dissection of lymph node specimens (anatomic method). AB - A method called the "anatomic method" of dissecting lymph nodes in a variety of cancer specimens, is presented. It is found to be comparable to the clearing method in terms of detecting lymph nodes and is unencumbered by the slow turnaround time and economic inconvenience. The anatomic method is described in four steps, illustrated by a schematization of the technique. Its advantages over the clearing method include: 1) it is time saving; 2) it is conducted on the fresh state specimen; 3) it is economical; 4) it reduces the monotony often associated with such dissections; 5) it serves as a teaching exercise. Adoption of the method by pathologists is recommended. PMID- 7282998 TI - Pseudo-Gaucher cell in IgMk plasmacytoid lymphoma. AB - Cells resembling those of Gaucher's disease were found on imprints of a lymph node from a patient with a plasmacytoid lymphoma. These cells contained nonspecific esterase, and electron-dense crystal-like structures. Associated plasma cells stained positively with anti-kappa and anti-mu sera but few macrophages were stained. The resemblance of these macrophages to Gaucher cells was due to the crystal-like inclusions that probably represented altered immunoglobulin. PMID- 7282999 TI - Host heme biosynthesis and degradation in schistosomiasis. AB - In mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni, hepatic heme metabolism is markedly altered. The production of the immediate precursor, delta-aminolevulinic acid, is diminished, while the activity of the catabolic enzyme, heme oxygenase, is greatly increased. These changes are accompanied by a reduction in the cellular content of hemoproteins in various organs. Specifically, cytochrome levels in myocardial mitochondria are reduced, and liver cytochromes P-450 and b5 are also diminished. As a consequence of the latter, the microsomal oxidative enzyme activities, which are mediated by P-450, such as ethylmorphine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, are considerably impaired. Barbiturate-induced sleeping time in mice heavily infected with schistosomes was found to be significantly prolonged. A green discoloration of the liver and spleen seen in advanced murine schistosomiasis is not likely to be due to the production of abnormal pyrrolic pigments, since hemoglobin heme was found to be degraded via the usual catabolic pathways to physiological bile pigments. Total serum iron was found to be increased by 100% in schistosome-infected mice. Serum unsaturated iron binding capacity was, however, not increased significantly. Demonstration that the activities of enzymes of heme metabolism, which are known to be regulated by heme and metal ions, are altered in the host as a consequence of the parasitism suggests that these perturbations may be mediated by heme or its iron released by the digestion of erythrocytes by schistosomes. PMID- 7283000 TI - Resistance induced by normal and irradiated Schistosoma mansoni: ability of various worm stages to serve as inducers and targets in mice. AB - Lung stage schistosomula exposed to 50 kilorads of gamma irradiation induced significant resistance to challenge infection with Schistosoma mansoni following intravenous (tail or mesenteric vein), intramuscular, or intraperitoneal injection into mice. Similar or higher levels were induced with irradiated cercariae, while irradiated 3- or 4-week-old worms induced little resistance. Non irradiated day 6 and day 12 lung schistosomula injected into mice immunized with irradiated cercariae were susceptible to elimination, though to a lesser extent than a challenge infection administered at the cercarial stage. Day 20 liver worms injected into a mesenteric vein were not susceptible to irradiated cercaria induced resistance. In contrast, cercariae, day 6 lung schistosomula, day 12 lung schistosomula and day 20 liver worms were all susceptible to the resistance induced by a chronic (non-irradiated) infection. PMID- 7283001 TI - Attrition of schistosomes in an irradiation-attenuated cercarial immunization model of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The attrition of Schistosoma mansoni challenge worms was studied in irradiation attenuated cercaria-immunized mice as a function of site and time. The peak recovery of schistosomula from the lungs of immunized mice was delayed 2 days in comparison with non-immunized controls. The difference between the peak recoveries of control and immunized mice accounted for about half of the final attrition observed at the 7-week adult worm stge. Hepatic-mesenteric vein worm recoveries obtained 10 to 42 days after challenge were reduced in most cases at least as much as the 49-day counts. Somewhat higher reductions were observed at 14 to 28 days than at 49 days, confirming the evidence of delayed migration obtained at the lung phase. These findings, coupled with histologic observations, indicate that at least half of the worm elimination attributable to immunization occurs 8 or more days after the challenge infection. PMID- 7283003 TI - Characteristics of the larval Echinococcus vogeli Rausch and Bernstein, 1972 in the natural intermediate host, the paca, Cuniculus paca L. (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae). AB - In Colombia, the natural intermediate host of Echinococcus vogeli Rausch and Bernstein, 1972 is the paca, Cuniculus paca L. (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae). The larval cestode develops in the liver of the host, where it usually is situated superficially, partly exposed beneath Glisson's capsule. The infective larva consists of a subspherical to asymmetrical, fluid-filled vesicle, up to 30 mm in diameter, enclosed by a thick laminated membrane. It typically contains numerous chambers, often interconnected, produced by endogenous proliferation of germinal and laminated tissue, within which brood capsules arise in an irregular pattern from the germinal layer. Invasive growth by means of exogenous proliferation, typical of infections in man, was not observed in the natural intermediate host. The development of the larval cestode is described on the basis of material from pacas, supplemented by observations on early-stage lesions in experimentally infected nutrias, Myocastor coypus (Molina) (Rodentia: Capromyidae). The tissue response is characterized for early-stage, mature (infective), and degenerating larvae in the comparatively long-lived intermediate host. In addition to previously reported differences in size and form of rostellar hooks, other morphologic characteristics are defined by which the larval stage of E. vogeli is distinguished from that of E. oligarthrus (Diesing, 1863). Pathogenesis by the larval E. vogeli in man, like that by the larval E. multilocularis Leuckart, 1863, is the consequence of atypical proliferation of vesicles attributable to parasite-host incompatibility. PMID- 7283002 TI - Clonal parasites in the analysis of resistance to reinfection with Fasciola hepatica. AB - A feature of fascioliasis in mice and rats is incomplete and generally poor resistance to reinfection. The possibility exists that population heterogeneity amongst Fasciola hepatica parasites (in characteristics such as antigenic variability and infectivity) contributes to the incomplete resistance expressed by already infected rodents to challenge infection. Using different exposure regimes, mice and rats were dosed with infective metacercariae of different single snail-derived clones and challenged with the same or different clonal parasites. The results clearly demonstrate that no better resistance to reinfection is seen with parasites of the homologous clone than with heterologous clone challenge. Thus the poor resistance to reinfection seen in fascioliasis cannot be ascribed readily to antigenic or infectivity differences between clonal metacercariae. PMID- 7283004 TI - An epidemic of Ross River virus infection in Fiji, 1979. AB - An explosive epidemic of polyarthritis caused by Ross River virus occurred in the Fijian islands from April to June 1979. Serological results suggest there was a low level of Alphavirus activity throughout Fiji before April 1979, but that following the epidemic up to 90% of the residents of some communities had antibody to Ross River virus. The clinical and laboratory findings in patients from the Fijian outbreak were similar to those seen in Australian cases. PMID- 7283005 TI - Morphogenesis of yellow fever virus in Aedes aegypti cultured cells. II. An ultrastructural study. AB - The growth and intracytoplasmic development of two yellow fever virus strains (wild and French neurotropic) were studied in Aedes aegypti cells (clone C 17). Despite a longer period of latency for the vaccine virus, infected cells appeared similar. The cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) were swollen and formed vesicles which contained the virus. This RER appeared to be the predominant locus of viral synthesis and maturation. Cytopathic effect appeared when the cells were filled with vesicles, and it was characterized by cell degeneration and lysis. PMID- 7283006 TI - Epidemic dengue 3 in central Java, associated with low viremia in man. AB - An outbreak of dengue type 3 was studied in Central Java, Indonesia, in 1978. In contrast to previous dengue 3 epidemics in Central and East Java, this outbreak was less explosive, associated with mild illness, and low viremia. The dengue virus isolation rate from serologically confirmed patients was only 32% compared to 65% for an epidemic in Bantul a year earlier. Neither dengue hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers nor day of illness on which specimens were collected accounted for this difference. These data suggest that some naturally occurring strains of dengue virus (endemic strains) are associated with low viremia and generally cause only mild illness in man. PMID- 7283007 TI - Histocompatibility antigens and dengue hemorrhagic fever. AB - Histocompatibility antigen (HLA) A and B typing on lymphocytes from 87 unrelated Thai children who had been hospitalized with dengue shock syndrome (DSS) and/or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) was compared with that found in 138 controls who had not been hospitalized with clinical dengue infection. These data are presented as descriptive information; however, a statistical analysis was performed to identify potentially important relationships for future study. Several deviations (P less than 0.05) were detected in the distribution of four HLA-A and three HLA-B antigens. The prevalence of one HLA-A antigen and two HLA-B antigens appeared to relate to the development of DSS, with a positive association seen for HLA-A2 and HLA-B blank and a negative relationship for HLA B13. These findings require confirmation, but they do suggest that genetic susceptibility may be important in the development of DHF/DSS and indicate that further broader studies of genetic markers might be rewarding. PMID- 7283008 TI - Intermittent excretion of rabies virus in the saliva of a dog two and six months after it had recovered from experimental rabies. AB - A dog inoculated with a rabies virus isolate from the saliva of an apparently healthy Ethiopian dog was followed for more than 9 months. Saliva and blood specimens were collected three times weekly and cerebrospinal fluid weekly. Saliva samples collected on days 42 and 169 after the dog's recovery produced fatal rabies infections in mice inoculated intracerebrally. PMID- 7283009 TI - Hemostatic abnormalities following Echis carinatus (saw-scaled viper) envenomation in the rhesus monkey. AB - Hemostatic abnormalities following lethal and sublethal doses of Echis carinatus venom were studied in a subhuman primate model. The observations suggest the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation of varying magnitude within a few hours of envenomation. A procoagulant effect of the venom of Echis carinatus is likely to be the major cause of the disturbance in the hemostatic mechanism. PMID- 7283011 TI - Selective medical libraries and library networks for developing countries. AB - The growth and rising cost of bibliographic materials require that attempts to make all medical libraries comprehensive and self-contained be replaced by the provision of selective collections devoted to the most used and useful materials, particularly in developing countries with limited resources. Journals constitute the most important and expensive component of a biomedical collection. While use data are important, a method is presented to guide selection in the absence of this information. The method identifies 35 nucleus journals and uses citation analysis to generate a list of 92 journals, partitioned into 31 medical specialty classes. Local expert consensus can guide selection of important local or regional literature not in the international archives. Careful selection results in efficient collections. Access to less used materials can be provided to individual libraries through resource sharing networks with affiliations to major comprehensive international libraries. PMID- 7283010 TI - Seasonal occurrence of Simulium ochraceum, the principal vector of Onchocerca volvulus in the southeastern endemic area of Guatemala. AB - Investigation of the seasonal occurrence of Simulium ochraceum, the principal vector of the Guatemalan strain of Onchocerca volvulus, were made from August 1978 until January 1980 in the upper reaches of the two main rivers of endemic onchocerciasis in Escuintla, Guatemala. The results showed that in the late dry season S. ochraceum larvae were restricted to permanent streams at intermediate altitudes. During the rainy season, though, the preimaginal sites of this black fly extended to the upper reaches of the numerous small intermittent streams due to partial subterranean flows. Seasonal occurrence of S. ochraceum in these temporary streams was observed throughout the wet season. However, this was most pronounced during the early months of the dry season (October-December) as long as these streamlets continued to flow. The adult population along the headwaters of these two rivers showed a high peak from October-December. This represented a pattern distinct from that of other places where the preimaginal sites of S. ochraceum occurred mostly in larger perennially running streams. The implications which the present findings have for any future larvicidal control program on the onchocerciasis-endemic region of Guatemala are discussed. PMID- 7283012 TI - Epidemiology of human babesiosis on Nantucket Island. AB - Between 1969 and 1977, 14 persons with parasitologically confirmed Babesia microti infections and seven persons with antibody titers to B. microti greater than or equal to 1:1,024 were identified on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. Nineteen of these 21 persons were interviewed. About half were permanent residents of Nantucket; the others spent most of their summers on the island. There were 12 women and seven men. Patients ranged in age from 23 to 86 years; all of those with parasitologically confirmed infections were at least 49 years old. Fifteen patients had illnesses characterized by fever, chills, myalgia and fatigue. Five reported being bitten by a tick from 7 to 28 days before the onset of illness. Most cases occurred during July or August. There appeared to be no association between B. microti infection and direct contact with wild or domestic animals or specific outdoor activities. The unusual age distribution of patients with parasitologically confirmed B. microti infections may result because older persons tend to have more severe illnesses and thus are more likely to come to medical attention. PMID- 7283013 TI - Probing by Glossina morsitans morsitans and transmission of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense. AB - Successive probings on nine mice each by 32 Glossina morsitans morsitans infected with Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense resulted in 54% of the mice (156/288) becoming parasitemic. A second trial with 25 surviving infected flies resulted in transmission by probing to 37.3% (84/225) of the host mice. The patterns of transmission were similar in the two trials, with transmission rates in the first and second probings higher than those for feedings to repletion after nine consecutive probings. Infected flies probed significantly more times and required more time to engorge than noninfected flies. Probing transmissions by cyclically infected flies may be important in the spread of trypanosomes in endemic areas, since feeding interruptions can result in transmission to more than one host at each feeding interval. PMID- 7283015 TI - First record of angiostrongylus cantonensis in Cuba. AB - The occurrence of human eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in several localities of Havana, Cuba, prompted a search for the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, in the same localities. Twenty rats (Rattus norvegicus) and about 370 terrestrial mollusks (70 slugs, Veronicella cubensis, and about 300 snails, mostly Bradybaena similaris) were collected in six communities of the Province of Havana, and in the gardens of the Pedro Kouri Institute for Tropical Medicine in Havana City. Adult lungworms were found in 12 of the rats and larvae were recovered from a large number of pooled lots of the mollusks. Observations on the morphology and life history of the parasites confirmed the presence of A. cantonensis in the American region. PMID- 7283014 TI - Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in Cuba, caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. AB - Five cases of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis presumed to be caused by the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, are reported from localities in or near Havana, Cuba. The first typical case occurred in 1973. Lungworms identified as A. cantonensis were found in rats from the same localities. The clinical picture in the Cuban cases, as in cases from other countries, is that of a self-limiting disease without apparent sequelae. PMID- 7283016 TI - Dirofilaria immitis infection in man: report of a case of the infection in heart and inferior vena cava from Japan. AB - Two slender nematodes were incidentally found at autopsy in the heart and inferior vena cava of a 36-year-old Japanese man who died of liver cirrhosis. The parasite from the heart measured 29.5 cm by 0.87 mm, and that from the inferior vena cava 26.5 cm by 0.85 mm. The worms were identified as non-gravid adult female Dirofilaria immitis. This is the fourth case of infection with D. immitis in the heart and large vessels. PMID- 7283017 TI - Anthelmintic efficacy of amoscanate (C 9333-Go/CGP 4540) against various infections in rodents, dogs and monkeys. AB - The anthelmintic activity of Amoscanate (C 9333-GO/CGP 4540) has been studied in experimental infections with the human hookworm, Necator americanus, in hamsters; Nematospiroides dubius, Hymenolepsis nana and natural infections with Syphacia obvelata in mice; Ancylostoma caninum, A. ceylanicum in mongrel dogs; Oesophagostomum apiostumum and Strongyloides fuelleborni in rhesus monkeys. Single oral doses of 30-60 mg/kg eliminated 94 to 99% of the total Necator parasites in 37-day-old non-patent infection, while single oral doses of 25 mg/kg expelled the entire worm burden in patient infection in hamsters. When incorporated in feed at the 0.01% level and administered ad lib. to hamsters at 20, 27 and 34 days postexposure for 5 days, the worm burdens were reduced 88 to 94%. N. dubius was completely eradicated by a single oral dose of 200 mg/kg while S. obvelata and H. nana were expelled at doses of 12.6 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively. A dose of 25 mg/kg in dogs produced 100% fecal egg reduction in hookworm and 99% in ascarid infections. The drug at 3 x 2.5 mg/kg administered at 4-hour intervals produced similar effects in mixed A. caninum and A. ceylanicum infections. Against natural infections of S. fulleborni and Oe. apiostumum in rhesus monkeys the drug showed 100% efficacy at a dosage of 60 mg/kg administered thrice at 12-hour intervals. PMID- 7283018 TI - Changes in the enteric vasculature of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Mesenteric and intestinal vasculature of mice infected with S. mansoni was injected transaortically with a silicone elastomer. The mesenteries and intestines were then cleared and examined with a stereomicroscope. Marked tortuosity and dilatation of mesenteric and intestinal veins and arteries were found to be confined to areas of oviposition and were associated with small arteriovenous shunts which were not present in control animals or areas of intestine devoid of eggs. These findings suggest that splanchnic arterial-portal venous shunts add a hyperkinetic component to intrahepatic portal venous obstruction and synergistically result in portal hypertension. PMID- 7283019 TI - Use of indium-111-labeled autologous leukocytes in differentiating pancreatic abscess from pseudocyst. AB - Pancreatic abscess is very difficult to diagnose and the differentiate from pancreatic pseudocyst based on clinical findings, laboratory studies and roentgenographic examinations. Eight patients diagnosed as having a pancreatic mass by ultrasonography or computed tomography also underwent indium-111-labeled autologous leukocyte scanning (10 scans) for suspected intraabdominal sepsis. This scan detects migration of labeled leukocytes into abscesses or areas of inflammation. Four patients had abscess and positive scans, and four patients had pseudocyst and negative scans. There was one false-positive scan in a patient with a recurrent pancreatic mass after drainage of an abscess. Since pancreatic abscess requires prompt drainage, and since it may be preferable to delay drainage of a pseudocyst, the differentiation of these two conditions is important. This test appears very effective in diagnosing pancreatic abscess and differentiating it from a pseudocyst. PMID- 7283020 TI - Follow-up results of surgical treatment for chronic pancreatitis. Present status in Japan. AB - The results of surgical treatment for chronic pancreatitis at our clinic and in the eight leading institutions of Japan were reviewed in a total of 328 cases. Abdominal pain disappeared or was alleviated in about 90 percent of the patients who survived more than 6 months after operation. There was no significant differences in the effect of pain among the three main types of operations: pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal resection and pancreatic ductal drainage. In the collected cases, however, complete disappearance of pain was reported more often in patients subjected to Puestow's operation than in those who underwent Nardi's operation. The patients who underwent pancreatic ductal drainage had a greater postoperative weight gain than those without drainage, in both our patients and the collected cases. In the collected cases, Puestow's operation was predominantly linked to postoperative weight gain. Evidence of pancreatic functional improvement, either in endocrine or in exocrine, was very meager. PMID- 7283021 TI - Prospective evaluation of physical examination of the breast. AB - The reliability of physical examination of the breast was evaluated by determining the extent of agreement among four experienced breast surgeons who examined the same 100 patients. The consequences of disagreements among surgeons were assessed by determining the diagnostic accuracy of each examiner. Despite differences in the frequency with which each surgeon found abnormalities or masses, or recommended mammography or biopsy, the diagnostic accuracy of the surgeons was very similar, and most disagreements concerned the findings in patients who did not have breast cancer. Breast examination carried out by more than one surgeon may reduce the frequency with which biopsy is performed in patients who do not have breast cancer. PMID- 7283022 TI - Gastrointestinal foreign bodies. AB - Over a 20 year period 26 patients were admitted because of ingesting foreign bodies. Ten patients, mostly children, remembered swallowing a metallic foreign body. Most of the patients were asymptomatic and were admitted for observation. Sixteen patients underwent operation. The distal large bowel was the area most commonly involved, not the ileocecal region as in the reviews published a number of years ago. Blunt as well as pointed foreign bodies caused bowel perforations, probably through slow pressure necrosis. Most of the patients had signs of localized peritonitis.. Unlike previous studies, roentgenographic studies were found helpful in the preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 7283024 TI - Right intrahepatic cholangioenterostomy by Longmire's technique for impassable or recurrent proximal extrahepatic biliary obstruction. PMID- 7283023 TI - Diagnosis of acute cholecystitis using hepatobiliary scan with technetium-99m PIPIDA. AB - Sixty patients were evaluated for acute abdominal pain using technetium-99m PIPIDA hepatobiliary imaging. The sensitivity of the test was 90.6 percent in all patients and the accuracy was 93.3 percent. In the evaluation of acutely ill patients with right upper quadrant pain, fever, nausea and vomiting, hepatobiliary imaging with PIPIDA is the preferred test for diagnosing acute cholecystitis. If the test is positive, disease of the gallbladder and probably acute cholecystitis are present. Early operation can proceed if desirable. If the test is negative and the bilirubin level is less than 5.0 mg/dl, acute cholecystitis is not present. In such cases conservative treatment is appropriate, and follow-up tests should be performed to evaluate the possibility of chronic cholecystitis. When the bilirubin level exceeds 5.0 mg/dl, the test is often indeterminate. PMID- 7283025 TI - Prognosis after surgical treatment for granulomatous enteritis and colitis. AB - To assess the rate of recurrence of Crohn's enterocolitis, 118 patients with Crohn's disease of the small intestine, the small and large intestine, or only the large intestine who had surgery were assessed. Of 53 patients with disease confined to the small intestine, 25 had recurrence, while 19 of 37 patients with disease of the small and large intestine had recurrence. Of 16 patients with Crohn's disease of the colon who had limited reaction, 11 had recurrence. None of the 28 patients with Crohn's disease of the colon or rectum, followed up for 5 years, had recurrence in the small intestine. This study demonstrates that (1) limited resection for Crohn's disease of the colon leads to a significant recurrence rate, and (2) in patients with Crohn's disease localized to the colon, follow-up for at least 5 years revealed no recurrence in the small intestine. PMID- 7283026 TI - Tracheal or esophageal compression due to benign thyroid disease. AB - Tracheal or esophageal compression was present in 91 (33 percent) of 273 consecutive patients with benign goiter during a 7 year experience. The underlying disease was nodular colloid goiter in 66 percent, adenoma in 21 percent, thyroiditis in 9 percent and Graves' disease in 4 percent. The incidence of tracheoesophageal compression was higher in patients with thyroiditis (67 percent) than in those with colloid goiter (46 percent). Thirty of 91 patients were completely asymptomatic but had marked tracheal deviation on roentgenography. Two thirds presented with significant dyspnea, or dysphagia or both. A long history of goiter preceding the onset of symptoms and progressive worsening of compression symptoms after its onset were common in the latter group. Previous radiographs demonstrating significant tracheal deviation during a previous presymptomatic period were available in 11 of 36 dyspneic patients. Sudden tracheal occlusion developed in 3 percent and required emergency treatment. Tracheal compression occurred more often and when present was a more ominous symptom. Compression manifestations were more frequent in patients with multinodular goiter, were more likely to appear when the underlying disorder was thyroiditis affected the tracheal more often than the esophagus and were generally gradually progressive with time. A clinical spectrum ranging from a presymptomatic tracheal compression stage to one wherein progressive worsening of symptoms occurs is suggested. After symptoms of tracheal compression become clinically manifest, the occurrence of complete airway occlusion may be sudden and unpredictable. Early operation whenever roentgenographic evidence of tracheal deviation becomes manifest is recommended. PMID- 7283030 TI - Efficacy of skull radiography. PMID- 7283031 TI - Is routine crossmatching for two units of blood necessary in elective surgery? AB - The usual preparation for many elective procedures calls for typing and crossmatching for 2 units of blood. Most of the blood prepared is not used. Every unit of blood kept for a specific patient is removed from the blood bank pool, thereby reducing its resources. Fourteen hundred of the most frequent elective operations were examined with regard to their blood utilization. A transfusion index was developed to determine whether preoperative crossmatching was justified. Applying the index to 1,400 elective procedures, it was found that only vascular procedures justified preoperative crossmatching. The safety of transfusion (elective and emergency) based on type and antibody screening is explained. The constant increase in blood consumption (as for open heart surgery) and the small increase in blood donations has created a blood shortage. It is suggested that surgeons stop requesting crossmatching for 2 units for those elective procedures in which blood is rarely used. This would decrease the workload in the blood bank and increase the blood bank pool without compromising patients' safety. PMID- 7283028 TI - Primary retroperitoneal sarcomas: the role of surgical treatment. AB - Attempting to understand the role surgical excision plays in the therapeutic efforts to provide cure or palliation in patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas, the literature on the subject was reviewed and 13 such cases were analyzed. A palpable abdominal mass was recorded in 10 patients. Intravenous pyelography suggested the diagnosis in nine patients. The diagnosis was difficult to establish before celiotomy, which was performed in 12 patients. In six the tumor was unresectable; it was partially resected in five and completely removed in one. This study suggests that the primary mode of spread of these tumors is direct invasion. The only objective benefit of operation was to provide a tissue proven diagnosis. Radiation therapy, after the diagnosis was established, appeared to be the most effective therapeutic measure for retroperitoneal sarcomas. The value of additional chemotherapy could not be established. PMID- 7283029 TI - Tumors of the carotid body. Experience with 41 operative cases. AB - Evaluation of a patient with a carotid body tumor requires a complete head and neck examination with special attention to the cranial nerves and careful search for additional paragangliomas in other sites. Angiography is very helpful in making the diagnosis and assessing the ipsilateral and contralateral carotid artery. Surgery should be performed early, since group I tumors are easily excised and are associated with a low surgical morbidity. Surgical excision shoud be performed by head and neck and vascular surgeons applying shunting or reconstructive techniques when appropriate. With improved diagnostic and surgical techniques, the morbidity and mortality should continue to approach zero. PMID- 7283027 TI - Unexpected parathyroid disease discovered at thyroidectomy in irradiated patients. AB - Eight of 23 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for radiation-associated nodular thyroid disease were found to have unsuspected parathyroid hyperplasia or adenoma at operation. The total serum calcium level was normal preoperatively in each patient. Serum ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were measured in five patients preoperatively and were normal in each case. These pathologic findings in normocalcemic patients may represent a preclinical form of hyperparathyroidism, which would be further evidence linking radiation to the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism. The parathyroid glands should be evaluated both pre-operatively and at operation in all patients who have a history of radiation and require thyroidectomy. PMID- 7283032 TI - Distal splenorenal shunt. Hemodynamic advantage over total shunt and influence on clinical status, hepatic function and hypersplenism. AB - Clinical status, hepatic function and hypersplenism were investigated in 20 patients who underwent distal splenorenal shunt between January 1970 and June 1978. The operative morality rate was 5 percent, and encephalopathy of varying degrees affected 30 percent of the patients. There was no recurrence of bleeding, and the 3 to 5 year actuarial survival rate was 78 percent. Hypersplenism was significantly ameliorated in 17 patients (p less than 0.01). Serum glutamic improved and pyruvic transaminase significantly improved postoperatively and bilirubin significantly worsened, whereas other tests of liver function remained unchanged. Our results confirm the efficacy of this procedure in controlling recurrence of bleeding from esophageal varices. Moreover, severe hypersplenism is not an absolute contraindication to the shunt, which is preferable to total shunts since hepatopetal flow is preserved, thus avoiding early hepatic decompensation as demonstrated by the substantial stabilization of the liver function tests in the short run. PMID- 7283033 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis. AB - Fourteen patients with necrotizing fasciitis seen over a 5 year period at a public hospital are reviewed. Middleaged men predominated. The disease followed such diverse initiating causes as self-injection with heroin, boil, ischiorectal abscess, perforated occult colonic cancer and trivial abrasions. In a few cases there was no evidence of an initiating lesion. Necrotizing fasciitis affected the arms, legs, trunk and neck. Bacteriologic analysis showed that the disease is usually caused by gram-negative bacilli and hemolytic streptococci, alone or in combination. Morbidity and mortality rates in the present series were influenced by associated clinical conditions such as old age, diabetes mellitus, carcinoma and gram-negative bacteremia. PMID- 7283034 TI - A use for the stapler in pancreatic surgery. PMID- 7283035 TI - Randomized, prospective trial of topical hydrogen peroxide in appendectomy wound infection. High risk factors. AB - Two hundred seventeen patients were admitted to a randomized and prospective trial of the use of topical hydrogen peroxide prophylactically against wound infection after appendectomy through a gridiron incision. One hundred nine patients received topical hydrogen peroxide and 108 patients were in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the wound infection rates in the two groups. Risk factors found to be associated with a significantly higher wound infection rate were (1) age greater than 40 years, (2) duration of symptoms of over 36 hours, (3) generalized guarding, tenderness or rebound, (4) state of the appendix at operation, (5) serous or purulent peritoneal effusion, (6) subjective difficulty of operation as assessed by the surgeons, and (7) positive bacterial culture from the appendicular fossa. PMID- 7283037 TI - New atraumatic absorbing instrument for keeping viscera aside: DISARP. PMID- 7283036 TI - New technique of gastrojejunal anastomosis after partial gastrectomy. PMID- 7283038 TI - Mechanical arm with a universal clamp for intraoperative self-retaining holding of retractors and other equipment. PMID- 7283039 TI - Hayes Martin Lecture. The head and neck oncologic surgeon: self-evaluation. PMID- 7283040 TI - Grant E. Ward Memorial Lecture. Total rehabilitation of the patient with head and neck cancer. PMID- 7283041 TI - Is aggressive surgical treatment indicated for recurrent benign mixed tumors of the parotid gland? AB - The surgical treatment for recurrent or incompletely excised benign mixed tumors of the parotid gland is analyzed. In this series no operative procedure proved superior to another. For each patient the type of surgical procedure used must be individually selected. For patients with tumors recently excised or biopsied, superficial parotidectomy with excision of the skin scar is the minimal recommended procedure. Radiation therapy is not used as a primary method of treatment. It is however, recommended postoperatively for patients with very advanced recurrent tumor or inadequate surgical margins. PMID- 7283042 TI - Resection and reconstruction of the carotid artery in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. AB - Although it is uncommon to consider resection of the common and internal carotid arteries for involvement by carcinoma, nevertheless, if this is the only significant finding precluding an adequate ablative procedure, this operation is worthy of consideration. Ten procedures were performed in nine such patients; the carotid bifurcation was resected and continuity reestablished using Teflon or autogenous saphenous vein grafts. In attempting to predict the efficiency of the collateral cerebral cross-flow, arteriography, oculopneumoplethysmography and intraoperative measurement of carotid stump pressure were used in some patients. There was no operative mortality. The postoperative mortality rate was 20 percent and cerebrovascular complications occurred in 20 percent of the cases. Seven patients survived 19 months to 4 1/4 years. Teflon grafts appeared to have a higher patency rate than saphenous vein autogenous grafts. Although this series is very small, it is an evaluation of a procedure of last resort which appears worthwhile in carefully selected patients. PMID- 7283044 TI - Nasolabial flap in intraoral reconstruction. Review of 55 cases. AB - The nasolabial skin flap has proved very useful in reconstruction of anterior intraoral defects after ablation for cancer. The technique allows immediate single-stage reconstruction with local tissue. Minimal functional or cosmetic deformity results at the donor site. Fifty-five consecutive patients who underwent anterior intraoral reconstruction with 68 nasolabial flaps were followed up for 1 to 10 years. Only two flaps were total failures. Three flaps had partial tissue loss. Successful reconstruction without complication was obtained with 93 percent of the flaps. Technical refinements and considerations in flap design are presented. PMID- 7283045 TI - Epidermoid carcinoma of the palate. AB - A retrospective review of a consecutive series of 293 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the hard and soft palate is presented. A majority of the patients had primary tumors larger than 2 cm at the time of initial diagnosis. Surgery was the initial treatment employed in most patients. The stage of disease at the time of initial treatment had a distinct influence on prognosis: the 5 year survival rates were 70 percent for stage I, 45 percent for stage II, 32 percent for stage III, and 6 percent for stage IV lesions. A significant number of patients developed a second primary lesion, and the cure rate for those patients decreased to 28 percent. Although surgery and radiotherapy are perhaps equally effective in the control of early-staged disease, it appears that a combination of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for advanced disease is preferred. PMID- 7283046 TI - Esthesioneuroblastoma. AB - A retrospective review of the clinical records of 31 patients with esthesioneuroblastoma is presented. A bimodal age distribution was noted. The tumor is extremely rare among blacks. Most patients presented with locally advanced disease. However, regional and distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis are uncommon. Local recurrence at the primary site was very common, and this reflects either the conservative initial surgical treatment employed or the multicentric nature of the tumor. Cervical lymph node metastasis is present in less than 10 percent of patients at the time of diagnosis. Survival rates were better in patients with early stages of disease. From this study we conclude that the current management of these tumors should consist of a combination of radiation and surgery. Radical resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy appears to be the treatment combination of choice. The 5 year survival rate in our series was 52 percent. PMID- 7283043 TI - Radical en bloc resection of the temporal bone. PMID- 7283047 TI - Vascular problems associated with carotid body tumors. AB - In the last 25 years at the University of Toronto, 27 patients with carotid body tumors were encountered. All patient problems appeared to be related to delay in treatment, size of the tumor, and previous operations. To minimize hazard in this procedure, one should avoid operating on elderly and unfit patients, and otherwise operate early to avoid the problem of a bulky tumor, using a simple subadventitial approach while reserving complete carotid excision and vascular replacement for complicated adherent lesions. Preoperative angiography is mandatory for definitive diagnosis, which permits proper planning of available operating room time, blood replacement, and availability of workers with expertise in vascular surgery. Adequate surgery is effective in tumor clearance, preventing malignant transformation and the lethal effects of local growth. PMID- 7283049 TI - Regional lymph node management and outcome in 100 patients with head and neck melanoma. AB - One hundred patients with invasive melanoma of the head and neck were treated by one surgeon from 1970 to 1978. Lymph node dissections were performed in 77 patients for palpable adenopathy, local recurrence, or tumor thickness greater than 0.75 mm when measured by micrometry. No patient whose lesion was less than 1.0 mm thick had a local recurrence or died as a result of melanoma. Patients who underwent elective lymph node dissection with findings of up to two positive nodes had a 53 to 56 percent 5 year survival rate, while those with three or more nodes had a poor prognosis (15 percent 5 year survival rate). The patterns of recurrence showed that relapse after nodal dissection usually presented with systemic metastases. The data support a therapeutic scheme based on 2 to 5 cm wide excision alone for lesions less than 0.75 mm in thickness and elective nodal dissection for specific indications. PMID- 7283050 TI - Thyroid cancer: some basic considerations. AB - From these data and data from the literature, our recommended treatment for well differentiated cancer is as follows: For papillary cancer, resection should be adequate to encompass the entire tumor, which in most cases would be complete lobectomy and possibly isthmusectomy. Prophylactic neck dissection is of no value; therapeutic modified neck dissection should be done for stage II disease. Follicular cancer can be treated by lobectomy (for small lesions) or subtotal thyroidectomy. Although total or near-total thyroidectomy may be required in selected patients with large primary cancers or in those with extensive capsular invasion or extrathyroid extension, the number of cases indicating this is small. There were only a few such patients with large primaries requiring total thyroidectomy in this study. Total thyroidectomy is best avoided in most cases. considering the price of hypoparathyroidism and the lack of a significant improvement in survival compared with lesser ablative techniques. Postoperative ablation with iodine-131 did not improve survival in staged patients with papillary cancer (the number of patients with follicular cancer was too small for analysis). Postoperative thyroid suppression by exogenous thyroid hormone postoperatively appeared to improve survival. Although the data were not adequate for evaluation in follicular cancer, there seems to be no reason not to use this postoperatively in high risk patients with either papillary or follicular cancer. PMID- 7283051 TI - Locally invasive, well-differentiated thyroid cancer. 22 years' experience at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. AB - Our experience with 32 cases of locally invasive well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma suggests the following: (1) Thyroidectomy may be limited to the area of gross tumor involvement with little risk of recurrence in the normal opposite lobe. (2) Elective neck dissection should be considered in patients with locally invasive tumors since the incidence of nodal metastases is high. As observed in this study, occult metastases were present in five of six patients dissected electively, and nodal metastases developed later in four of eight patients observed. (3) Surgical procedures for the primary tumor should remove all gross disease. This is possible with conservative operations in most patients; the only deaths from uncontrolled local disease occurred in two patients in whom gross disease was left at the first procedure. Most deaths were caused by distant metastases, and the 5, 10 and 15 year survival rates were 86, 64 and 64 percent, respectively. PMID- 7283052 TI - Needle aspiration cytologic biopsy in head and neck masses. AB - Over 500 fine (no. 22) needle aspiration biopsies were done on head and neck lesions. The total accuracy for the series was 94.5 percent. The accuracy rates for thyroid, salivary and metastatic or benign lymph node lesions were similar: approximately 95 percent. Only lymphomatous lesions gave a lower accuracy rate: 75 percent. This method of evaluating masses in the head and neck is simple, rapid, inexpensive, well-tolerated and harmless, and is very accurate when there is close cooperation between the clinician and the cytopathologist. PMID- 7283056 TI - Head and neck oncologic training: where we have been and where we are going. Joint Council for Approval of Advanced Training in Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery. PMID- 7283048 TI - Role of parotidectomy for skin cancer of the head and neck. AB - Involvement of the parotid gland or periparotid nodes by direct extension from a skin cancer or metastasis from a present or previously treated skin cancer is an uncommon but potentially disastrous event. Aggressive surgery with sacrifice of necessary structures but preservation of the facial nerve and surrounding structures when feasible results in satisfactory local and regional control. The overall local or regional control rate was 70.9 percent. Isolated metastases to the parotid gland in patients with successfully treated nonbasal cell skin cancers are controlled locally or regionally in 84.2 percent of the 57 patients reviewed. The addition of radiotherapy should be considered in patients when warranted by the pathologic findings and clinical condition of the patient, however, it is not without complications. PMID- 7283053 TI - Parathyroid autotransplantation in patients with parathyroid disease and total thyroidectomy. Indications in 117 cases. AB - Parathyroid autotransplantation is a known and increasingly utilized procedure. It is indicated in patients with primary parathyroid hyperplasia, in patients with primary hypercalcemia who have normal parathyroid tissue devascularized during surgery, in patients with secondary and tertiary parathyroid hyperplasia, and in patients with total thyroidectomy when normal parathyroid tissue is accidentally or unavoidably removed or completely devascularized. No normal viable parathyroid tissue should be autotransplanted. This procedure was performed in 13 dialysis patients, 27 primary hypercalcemic patients and 77 patients with thyroidectomy. The hypercalcemic patients had autotransplantations into muscle pockets in the volar surface of the forearm, while the thyroidectomy patients had autotransplantation into the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The application of parathyroid autotransplantation is a major technical and physiologic breakthrough in the field of thyroid and parathyroid surgery. It should greatly reduce the morbidity associated with permanent hypocalcemia in this type of extensive surgery. PMID- 7283054 TI - Fibroosseous tumors of the facial skeleton in association with primary hyperparathyroidism: an endocrine syndrome or coincidence? AB - In a retrospective study of 350 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism at the University of Toronto, 5 patients had associated benign fibroosseous lesions of the facial skeleton which did not regress after successful parathyroidectomy and restoration of normocalcemia. Two of these patients were siblings and an offspring of one of these patients was recently shown to have hyperparathyroidism, suggesting that this group of patients does represent a syndrome with familial and genetic implications. At present bone disease in patients with hyperparathyroidism should be viewed with some consideration of unrelated process, and appropriate biopsy and treatment should be undertaken after its recognition. PMID- 7283055 TI - Sarcoidosis, hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism. The vicissitudes of diagnosis. PMID- 7283057 TI - Further experience with the saphenous vein used in situ for arterial bypass. AB - Ongoing experience with use of the saphenous vein in situ as in infrainguinal arterial bypass is presented. One hundred eighty-three bypasses were performed for limb-threatening ischemia, 92 of which were to the popliteal artery, either isolated or in continuity with one or more tibial vessels, and 91 bypasses were carried to single tibial vessels below the termination of the popliteal artery. The results were analyzed by the life table method and show an overall patency rate of 89.8 percent at 3 to 4 years. Separate life table analysis of the tibial bypass group showed a patency rate of 83 percent at 3 to 4 years. Special emphasis is placed on the ability to use veins less than 4 mm in diameter, which comprise 40 percent of those used in these procedures. The superior results provided by the in situ method are explained in part by experimental observations which show that endothelial stability is completely preserved by this method but is severely disturbed during the process of vein removal and reversal. PMID- 7283060 TI - Modern autotransfusion. Experience with a washed red cell processing technique. AB - The technique of intraoperative autotransfusion utilizing the Haemonetics Cell Saver is described. This device separates and washes red blood cells removed from the surgical field. Advantages of this unit over others are (1) no systemic anticoagulation is required, (2) circulatory fibrin debris is removed, (3) plasma hemoglobin is removed, and (4) any circulating anticoagulant is removed. Experience with 136 consecutive cases. 101 elective and 35 emergency, is reported. The only complication was coagulopathy, which occurred in 5.1 percent of the cases. It is easily treated with blood component therapy and occurs in those patients in whom greater then 3,500 cm3 of blood is autotransfused. The Cell Saver has proven an important adjunct in surgical patients in whom greater than 1,000 cm3 of blood will be lost, as well as in emergency patients. It provides an efficient, economical and safe method to autotransfuse blood. PMID- 7283059 TI - Endometriosis of the appendix presenting as acute appendicitis. PMID- 7283058 TI - Patient acceptance of mastectomy for cancer. AB - Of 300 women who had mastectomy for breast carcinoma, 278 (93 percent) responded to a questionnaire about how well they accepted loss of a breast. Of those responding, 73 percent stated that they had no appreciable adverse reaction to the extent of the operation. Twenty patients (7 percent) cited major work, social or sexual problems resulting from mastectomy. Among the 20, sexual problems- cited by 85 percent--predominated. Four (1 percent) of the 278 patients expressed major dissatisfaction with the cosmetic result of an external prosthesis. Two of these patients and four others had surgical reconstruction of the breast, which was satisfactory in five. PMID- 7283061 TI - Cochlear Pathology after stapedectomy. AB - Two patients experienced sensorineural hearing losses for different reasons following stapedectomy. One had an immediate severe sensorineural hearing loss following a fat-wire implant. Postmortem histologic study revealed severe cochlear degeneration, presumably caused by necrosis of the fat graft. The other patient experienced progressive fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo several years after the introduction of the Teflon-wire prosthesis. Postmortem histologic study of this ear showed that the prosthesis had impaled the saccule, causing collapse of its wall with subsequent cochlear endolymphatic hydrops. These findings underscore the importance of atraumatic surgical technique in the performance of successful stapedectomy. PMID- 7283062 TI - Central auditory function in spastic dysphonia. PMID- 7283063 TI - Tubal opening and closing ability in unilateral middle ear disease. AB - Eustachian tube function tests were performed simultaneously in both ears of 29 patients with strictly unilateral middle ear disease. In 15 of the patients eustachian tube closing failure was evidenced by sniff-induced negative pressure in one or both middle ears. The results of the pressure equalization test showed that there was no conclusive difference between the abilities of healthy and diseased ears to equalize pressure. The forced opening test indicated that the diseased ears had less resistant tubes, but there was a wide overlap of results. Since no distinct difference was seen, the clinical value of tubal function tests used presently seems to be severely restricted. PMID- 7283065 TI - Improved method of harvesting the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. PMID- 7283064 TI - Passage of albumin from the middle ear to the inner ear in otitis media in the chinchilla. AB - A study of the permeability of the middle ear-inner ear interface for macromolecules was carried out in chinchillas with open and obstructed eustachian tubes utilizing tritiated human serum albumin and immunoelectrophoresis. Tritiated albumin was placed in the round window niche area or normal animals and animals in which the eustachian tubes had been obstructed for 24 hours or 14 days. The tritiated albumin was allowed to remain in the middle ear cavity for 24 hours, Samples of middle ear effusion, perilymph, blood and cerebrospinal fluid were collected and measured for radioactivity. Radioactivity was demonstrated in the perilymph. Samples of middle ear effusions and perilymph were also studied by immunoelectrophoresis with goat antihuman albumin. Albumin placed in the round window niche of an experimental animal could be recovered unchanged in the perilymph. The results suggest a pathophysiologic explanation for the association of otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss or endolymphatic hydrops. PMID- 7283067 TI - Intranasal blastomycosis. PMID- 7283066 TI - Professional singers: the science and art of clinical care. AB - Voice complaints of serious singers are usually not imaginary, and rational diagnosis and treatment can be achieved through systematic inquiry and analysis based on anatomy, physiology, psychology and psychoacoustics of voice production. Good vocal habits should be encouraged from childhood. Measures to aid in voice conservation include avoiding singing in noisy, dry, dusty, and smoky environments and learning to control the voice in circumstances in which auditory monitoring of the intensity of vocalization cannot be done effectively. The dangers of cheerleading, choir-conducting, and other forms of abuse of the speaking voice for the serious singer are emphasized. Young singers should be enthusiastically encouraged to sing music suitable for their ages and voices, and should be discouraged from taking on difficult roles prematurely. Smoking must be avoided. Thorough training and regular practice are essential for maintenance of a healthy singing voice. Close cooperation among laryngologist, speech pathologist and voice teacher is emphasized. Treatments for reflux laryngitis, anxiety, muscle spasm, voice abuse, vocal nodules, and infectious laryngitis in the professional singer are detailed. PMID- 7283069 TI - [Mycoplasma hominis as a possible cause of spontaneous abortions and premature labor]. PMID- 7283071 TI - [Determination of fetal weight and growth by ultrasonic measurement of the biparietal diameter]. PMID- 7283070 TI - [Thyroid hormone level in the serum of pregnant women with normal and high-risk pregnancies]. PMID- 7283068 TI - [Effect of the blood serum from pregnant women with early and late toxicoses and threatened abortions on spontaneous contractile activity of smooth muscle]. PMID- 7283072 TI - [Ultrasonic placentoscopy]. PMID- 7283073 TI - [Preoperative tocolysis in cesarean section]. PMID- 7283075 TI - [Incidence, causes and mortality of premature labor in fetal breech presentation]. PMID- 7283074 TI - [Labor after primary cesarean section]. PMID- 7283077 TI - [Anaerobic sepsis and septic shock in criminal abortion]. PMID- 7283076 TI - [Studies on various parameters and etiology of sterility in Bulgaria]. PMID- 7283078 TI - Clinical approach to pancytopenia. PMID- 7283079 TI - Prehospital and initial hospital management of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7283080 TI - Cardiac tamponade. PMID- 7283081 TI - New approaches to the diagnosis and management of acute cardiac failure. PMID- 7283083 TI - Nervous control of salivation. PMID- 7283082 TI - New developments in surgical pathology subspecialization. PMID- 7283084 TI - Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Kyoto, June 25-27, 1980. Abstracts. PMID- 7283085 TI - Studies on homocarnosine in cerebrospinal fluid in infancy and childhood. Part I. Homocarnosine level in cerebrospinal fluid of normal infants and children. AB - Homocarnosine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of 49 normal infants and children were determined by a high speed amino acid autoanalyzer (Hitachi Co.). The mean homocarnosine level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infants and children was 0.75 +/- 0.24 mumol/dl. In infants under 2 years of age, significant correlation between homocarnosine levels in CSF and the gestational age was found (r = 0.79, p less than 0.001). In children from 2 to 8 years of age, homocarnosine levels in CSF were almost constant being independent of the age (mean +/- SD: 0.89 +/- 0.20 mumol/dl). In school children over 9 years of age, significant correlation between homocarnosine levels in CSF and the age was found ( r = -0.68, p less than 0.01). PMID- 7283086 TI - Studies on homocarnosine in cerebrospinal fluid in infancy and childhood. Part II. Homocarnosine levels in cerebrospinal fluid from children with epilepsy, febrile convulsion or meningitis. AB - To clarify the pathophysiological role of homocarnosine in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in children, homocarnosine levels in CSF were determined in patients with epilepsy (32 cases), febrile convulsion (5 cases) and meningitis (42 cases) with a high speed amino acid autoanalyzer (Hitachi Co.). Mean homocarnosine levels in CSF of controlled epileptic children, uncontrolled epileptic children and febrile convulsion cases were 0.61 +/- 0.25 mumol/dl, 1.03 +/- 0.37 mumol/dl and 1.09 +/- 0.04 mumol/dl, respectively. High homocarnosine levels in CSF of children with uncontrolled epilepsy or febrile convulsion may indicate the reduced turnover rate from homocarnosine to GABA. In patients with meningitis, the unconscious states were accompanied by significantly lower homocarnosine levels in CSF (0.39 +/- 0.20 mumol/dl) than those in the patients with clear conscious states (0.9 +/- 0.31 mumol/dl, however, in patients with clear conscious states homocarnosine in CSF were almost the same as those of normal children (0.89 +/- 0.23 mumol/dl). These data suggest that homocarnosine in CSF might be related to the convulsive tendency and consciousness. PMID- 7283087 TI - "Inverse Chiari type II syndrome" in untreated hydrocephalus and its relationship to typical Arnold-Chiari syndrome. AB - Two cases of transtentorial upward displacement of the cerebellum in children with untreated hydrocephalus are reported. These cases clearly indicate that the condition is a primary malformation of the hindbrain and not a result of longstanding hydrocephalus treatment, as has been proposed in the past. The second case demonstrates the close relationship of the syndrome to classical Arnold-Chiari malformation. PMID- 7283089 TI - Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). Contribution with eighteen personal cases. AB - Eighteen patients with ataxia-telangiectasia are presented. They belong to only one series. They are 7 males and 11 females aged between 17 months and 12 years. All of them presented the usual signs of the illness. There was more than one sibling affected in three families, in one of them three brothers and one second cousin of theirs. The immunological studies showed a deficit of IgA in 13 cases and an absence of IgG in one case. Six children died, one of which suffered from lymphosarcoma. The other appear to have died of infectious respiratory problems. The clinical picture deteriorated progressively in the majority of the cases, although in some of them a halt in the progression of the illness was observed for some time. PMID- 7283090 TI - Mass screening electroencephalography. AB - From 1971 to 1978, 5,202 schoolchildren from the first to the 9th grade underwent mass screening EEG. Paroxysmal discharges were recognized in 1.7%. Focal paroxysmal discharges appeared most frequently and the temporal, occipital, and central areas were the most common sites. Children having autonomic seizures, psychomotor seizures, and absence seizures do exist among allegedly healthy children without being noticed. For the early detection of these, mass screening EEG was very useful. Abnormal EEGs, particularly abnormal basic activities were often found in epileptic children, but had no definite correlation with behavior disorders or with scholastic achievements. According to the mass screening EEG in 1978 involving 1,921 children from the first to the 6th grades of primary school, 2.5% had suspected epileptic seizures, and 7.9% had histories of febrile convulsions. PMID- 7283094 TI - Oncologic problems in the newborn. PMID- 7283095 TI - Renal cell carcinoma in childhood: a case report. PMID- 7283091 TI - Non-traumatic middle meningeal aneurysm and angioma in a child. AB - A 9-year-old boy having bronchial asthma showed fluctuation of his mental state for 14 days. EEG showed multiple spikes or irregular spike and wave complex bursts, the focus being in the left occipital region, and he was diagnosed as prolonged partial complex status epilepticus. Skull radiograms revealed the presence of radiolucent areas in the left parietal region and cerebral angiography showed a pear-shaped aneurysm and angioma in the distal part of the middle meningeal artery. Nontraumatic aneurysm of the middle meningeal artery has been rarely reported; only the reports on 2 old women with Paget disease are available now. The authors' case is the first child case. PMID- 7283096 TI - Nonhormonal adrenocortical tumor in childhood: case report. AB - The case of a 4-year-old boy with a large, clinically nonhormonal adrenocortical tumor is presented. The tumor was judged to be malignant and treated with excision radiotherapy, and combination chemotherapy. At 47 months from diagnosis the patient remains free of disease. Review of the literature reveals the extreme rarity of such tumors in childhood. An abdominal mass is the usual presentation and the prognosis is very poor. The degree of malignancy is often difficult to determine but large tumors are more likely to metastasize. PMID- 7283093 TI - Evaluation of a home visitation program for families of children with cancer. AB - This paper presents the results of a preliminary evaluation of a home visitation program for families of children with cancer. The visitation program has been well received by the parents and a statistical comparison of visited and nonvisited families suggested favorable effects of the program with respect to helping parents control feelings of anger and in enhancing or maintaining positive interaction with spouse, children, and grandparents. Comments by the parents indicated that the visits create an atmosphere which facilitates communication between members of the health care team and the family. Interviews with parents of deceased children revealed that a particularly important aspect of the program is the contact maintained with the family after the child has died. Overall, the results indicated that the visits can be a valuable addition to the total program of care for the chronically ill child. PMID- 7283097 TI - Imagery (self-hypnosis) as adjunct therapy in childhood cancer: clinical experience with 25 patients. AB - Clinical experience with 25 pediatric cancer patients referred by oncologists for imagery exercises (self-hypnosis) at Minneapolis Children's Health Center suggests that this modality is valuable adjunct therapy for symptom relief, such as reduction of pain and nausea, especially among those patients who begin these exercises at the time of their initial diagnosis. Twenty-one of these patients agreed to use the exercises and 19 demonstrated substantial symptom relief associated with their practice. This experience suggests the need for more research regarding the optimal use of this modality in children with cancer, and for better understanding of how psychological factors contribute, if at all to the development and course of malignancies. A 5-year prospective study of imagery as adjunct therapy in childhood cancer is now in process. PMID- 7283088 TI - Percutaneous needle muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders in children. Histological, histochemical and electron microscopic studies. AB - Percutaneous needle biopsy was carried out in 75 patients with various neurological and muscle diseases (myopathies in 7, lower motor neuron diseases in 22, upper motor neuron diseases in 6, and unlocalized or miscellaneous diseases in 13) and its usefulness as a diagnostic procedure was evaluated. The ages of the subjects ranged from 2 months to 35 years, 77% were younger than 6 years. The materials were examined histologically, histochemically and electron microscopically with the following results. 1. The muscle volume obtained by needle biopsy was sufficient for studies in 64 cases (85%), insufficient in 8 (11%), while in 3 cases no muscle tissue was obtained. 2. Histological staining properties were excellent in all samples examined. In histochemical preparations, staining was judged as good in 61 cases, but poor in 11 due to an inappropriate freezing procedure. 3. In 33 cases, both needle and open biopsies were carried out simultaneously, and the morphological findings of the specimens were compared. There were no significant differences between them histologically as well as histochemically. Electron microscopic examinations also provided identical information in the seven cases studied so far. 4. The method of needle biopsy has many advantages over open biopsy as a routine diagnostic procedure for neuromuscular disorders in infants and young children, but there are a few disadvantages such as the requirement of technical skill and the inappropriateness for histogram construction in some cases. PMID- 7283098 TI - Shock complicating myocardial infarction. PMID- 7283099 TI - Results of a surgical, otologic program in a remote Eskimo population. PMID- 7283092 TI - Parent reactions to childhood malignant diseases: experience in Sweden. AB - The parents of eight children who had died of malignant diseases were interviewed about their experiences concerning the medical and social care of the children. There was a great need for repeated and thorough information about the disease and the therapy to all in the family. The risk of isolation of the family could be diminished by active measures. There was a great need for continuity with only a few key people involved in the care. It proved important to recognize at an early stage the economical and social problems of the family and to help the family to solve them. PMID- 7283101 TI - A proposal to develop hospice care in Anchorage. PMID- 7283100 TI - Neonatal intensive care in Alaska: the changing outlook. PMID- 7283102 TI - The Alaskan opportunity to plan and develop health care resources and to promote improved health status. PMID- 7283103 TI - [Relationship of haematocrit and plasma protein concentration pre- and postoperatively under "isotonic" haemodilution and haemoconcentration, and during laparatomy (author's transl)]. AB - An increase or a decrease in blood volume caused by adding or subtracting isotonic but protein-free fluid to or from whole blood theoretically will result in disproportionate percentage changes of haematocrit and plasma protein concentration. Percentage changes of plasma protein concentration are larger than those of haematocrit and depend upon the initial haematocrit. It could be demonstrated that the theoretical rules of "isotonic" haemodilution and haemoconcentration do hold in vivo in patients pre- and postoperatively under isotonic volume expansion and furosemide diuresis, respectively. However, during laparotomy with moderate blood loss and infusion of crystalloids only we observed a definite decrease of intravascular protein mass. This seemed to be only partly due to surgical blood loss. We suppose that during laparotomy considerable amounts of intravascular protein, besides those with surgical blood loss, are lost in the area of the wound and into the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 7283104 TI - [Haemodynamic effects of morphine in man (author's transl)]. AB - In 52 patients with acquired heart disease haemodynamic effects of 0,2 mg/kg and 1,0 mg/kg morphine were investigated during surgical procedures under neuroleptanalgesia. The following parameters were measured or calculated: heart rate (HR), arterial pressure (Part, Psyst, Pdiast), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), right (PRA) and left atrial pressure (PLA), left ventricular pressure (PLV), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (PLVED), left ventricular peak dp/dt (dp/dtmax), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), stroke index (SI), total systemic resistance (TSR), total pulmonary resistance (TPR), work index of the right (RVWI) and left ventricle (LVWI). Myocardial oxygen consumption (EG) was calculated according to the method of Bretschneider. There was almost no change in cardiac index and stroke index. In comparison to a control group (n=36) morphine caused a dose-dependent decrease in arterial pressure and in arterial perfusion pressure during extracorporeal circulation. This, however, was mainly attributable to vasodilatation and not to a negative inotropic effect. In accordance with the changes in haemodynamics there was a remarkable decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption (EG: -21.1%; 1,0 mg/kg morphine). PMID- 7283105 TI - [Haemodynamic changes during intracoronary infusion of norepinephrine. A study of the halothane-induced circulatory depression (author's transl)]. AB - The haemodynamic effects of halothane (0.9 vol% = 1 MAC) and of intracoronary infusion of norepinephrine (14.28 +/- 3.28 ng/kg/min) were investigated in anesthetized dogs (n=6). During inhalation of halothane the left ventricular (LV) stroke volume was diminished while heart rate and total peripheral resistance exhibited no significant changes. In spite of this cardiodepressive action, by means of a decrease in both LV-end-diastolic pressure and LV-end-diastolic volume, a backward heart failure could be excluded. Intracoronary infusion of norepinephrine increased the contractility of the left ventricle leading to an increase in LV-dP/dtmax to control values. However, in comparison to the original level, cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure remained decreased. Thus, selective inotropic stimulation failed to antagonize the halothane-induced circulatory depression. In a second series of experiments performed on chronically instrumented dogs (n=5) the haemodynamic effects of piritramide (0.3 mg/kg/h i.v.), i.e. the anaesthetic used for preparation of the animals in the acute experiments, were studied during anaesthesia with halothane (1 MAC). While dipidolor failed to elicit significant changes under these conditions, haemodynamic side effects cannot generally be excluded since there is evidence that narcotic analgesics interfere with the neural control of the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7283106 TI - [Alteration of the volatile anaesthetics halothane and enflurane in heated humidifiers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283107 TI - [Microaggregate formation in buffycoat-free packed red cells (author's transl)]. AB - The amounts of microaggregates of 200 non-selected units of buffycoat-free PRC were determined gravimetrically using a cascade of nylon mesh screen filters with pore sizes of 200, 50, 20 and 10 micrometers. In PRC the total amounts of amorphous debris are on average 2 to 3 times less than in stored whole blood. Nevertheless the quality of the buffycoat-free PRC is subject to immense variation in view of removed debris in individual cases. Microaggregates retained on the 20 and 10 micrometer filter sieves are still considerable, their order of magnitude is comparable to that found on the 200 micrometer sieves, so that a microfiltration is also necessary under 40 micrometers. Taking into account the necessity of eliminating all factors which contribute to the cause or severity of an acute pulmonary failure even buffycoat-free PRC should be transfused through microfilters. PMID- 7283108 TI - [Bacteriological and technical testing of an 0.2-micrometer air-eliminating infusion filter (author's transl)]. AB - The elimination of bacteria from an i.v. solution and the flow rate of different solutions were tested using an 0.2 micrometer Pall Ultipor Filter. The filtration under the influence of gravity as well as under the increased trans-filter pressure was able to eliminate microbial contamination completely. In a second test an interdependence between viscosity and the flow rate of solutions could be shown. PMID- 7283109 TI - [Head injury and disturbed pulmonary function (author's transl)]. AB - Results compiled from the literature confirm the occurrence of a neurogenic initiated disturbance of pulmonary function. Neurogenic pulmonary oedema is a rare but grave form of neurogenic triggered changes of pulmonary and haemodynamic parameters. Increase of intracranial pressure or cerebral hypoxia, respectively, is the starting point of mechanisms, mediated primarily by the sympathetic nervous system and leading to hypoxaemia accompanying head injury. Pulmonary parameters involved are decreased pulmonary compliance, increased pulmonary right to-left-shunt as well as disturbances of mechanisms regulating ventilation perfusion ratio. Moreover, there exists a relationship between the severity of head injury and the degree of hypoxaemia. PMID- 7283110 TI - [Metabolic acidosis caused by thiamine-deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - The known B1 - deficiency reaches excessive high values with light exercise. This results in decompensation of the base-acid balance with metabolic acidosis. Therefore B1 - deficiency has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of all metabolic acidosis situations. PMID- 7283111 TI - [Systemic and coronary haemodynamic effects of dobutamine and norepinephrine during metabolic acidosis]. AB - The effects of clinical doses of dobutamine (5 microgram/kg x min) and norepinephrine (0.2 microgram/kg x min) on systemic haemodynamics and coronary circulation were studied during normal pH and during metabolic acidosis (pH 7.0) induced by hydrochloric acid in 9 anaesthetized closed chest dogs. Metabolic acidosis per se failed to show any significant depression of cardiac function, indicating that animals with intact sympathoadrenal system are highly resistant to acidaemia. Our results further demonstrated that a significant circulatory response to clinical doses of dobutamine and norepinephrine was still present during metabolic acidosis. However, the increase in cardiac output, max dp/dt and mean arterial pressure after dobutamine was found to be significantly reduced at low pH-values, whereas the vasopressor response to norepinephrine was not affected. From these results it may be speculated that metabolic acidosis differently influences the responsiveness of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. Finally our results show that metabolic acidosis did not compromise the coronary adjustment to catecholamine-induced increases in myocardial oxygen demand. PMID- 7283112 TI - [I. Metabolism by mouse tissue homogenates in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - Mouse liver homogenates are shown to metabolize tritiated fentanyl intensively and in a nearly quantitative manner. The biotransformation activity is located in the microsomal fraction. NADH and NADPH are required as coenzymes for at least two enzymatic reactions leading to the products of oxidative desalkylation, phenylacetic acid and norfentanyl, and to four other metabolites, some of which are considered as products of aromatic hydroxylation, e.g. p hydroxy(phenethyl)fentanyl. The degree of fentanyl biotransformation and the product distribution are demonstrated to be pH-dependent, the oxidative desalkylation reaction preferring higher pH. There is no information about the pharmacological activities of the unknown metabolites. Kidney and adrenal gland, too, are able to metabolize fentanyl, the oxidative desalkylation being of only minor importance. Other tissues and the serum prove to be inactive. The results of the present paper, in accordance with recently published work, may suggest a greater importance of fentanyl metabolism for the kinetics of effects and side effects than has been recognized before. PMID- 7283113 TI - [Prevention of fentanyl rebound by administration of cimetidine (author's transl)]. AB - Pre- and intraoperatively 8 orthopaedic patients were given cimetidine in order to raise the pH of gastric juice. Following an 0.5 mg i.v. bolus injection of fentanyl at the beginning of anaesthesia, the pH of the gastric juice and plasma concentrations of fentanyl were measured. After oral medication with cimetidine 400 mg on the evening prior to anaesthesia and an i.v. administration of 200 mg/h during the course of an enflurane-N2O-anaesthesia no secondary peak of plasma fentanyl concentration was observed. Thus it would seem possible to prevent fentanyl sequestration into the stomach and consecutively gastro-entero-systemic recirculation by administration of cimetidine. While duration and half-life of the alpha-phase are prolonged, the half-life of the beta-phase (150 min) remains almost unchanged. This pharmacokinetic effect is explained by an altered biodisposition. PMID- 7283114 TI - [Halothane and spontaneous motility of human taenia libera in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - Isolated human taenia libera shows spontaneous motility in the organ bath. The active basal tone, force development and frequency of spontaneous contractions and total power parameter "Montevideo Units" were first analysed under control conditions. Halothane lowered the active basal tone, frequency and the total power of the muscle strip in a dose-dependent manner. The amplitude and force of contraction of human taenia libera first began to increase under halothane, attaining its maximum at 1.0 vol.%. Halothane concentrations above 1.5 vol.% at first caused a depression and finally abolished spontaneous motility. The changes in the spontaneous motility pattern brought about by halothane were completely reversible. Possible causes for the halothane effect were considered as to the possible relevance to the in vivo situation. PMID- 7283115 TI - [Changes in plasma volume during and after middle-ear procedures (author's transl)]. AB - We observed 20 patients undergoing middle-ear surgery under NLA in combination with halothane for controlled hypotension in respect to haematocrit, plasma protein concentration, plasma volume (Evans Blue) and intravascular protein mass during and after anaesthesia and surgery. As surgical bleeding was almost nil and infusion therapy was not necessary, patients behaved as a "closed system". With the start of anaesthesia we found a significant decrease of haematocrit and plasma protein concentration, being complete after 45-60 min, and unchanged thereafter until the end of anaesthesia. Suspicion of an increase in plasma volume could not yet be verified by a measurement of this parameter after 30 min of anaesthesia. Just after termination of anaesthesia we observed a significant increase in haematocrit and plasma protein concentration compared to control values with a downward trend over the next hour. At that point we also measured a decrease in plasma volume by 10% and in plasma protein mass by 6% compared to controls. These findings are interpreted as part of an "arousal reaction" with a temporary disequilibrium between transcapillary filtration rate of water and proteins and back transport of these substances via lymph flow. PMID- 7283117 TI - [Improvements of the flow dynamics in caval catheters: first clinical experiences (author's transl)]. AB - A hydrodynamic model was designed in order to study, on the evidence of flow patterns, the outlet flow characteristics of various catheters, and further, to estimate the degree of mixing between infusion solutions and blood with varying types of catheter-end openings. It was found that a crosswise arrangement of four openings was the most effective in mixing infusion solutions into the bloodstream. PMID- 7283116 TI - [The behaviour of the granular alveocytes in chronic pulmonary congestion, pulmonary fibrosis and after extracorporeal circulation (author's transl)]. AB - The granular alveocytes, known to be the site of the production of the surfactant, undergo characteristic changes following chronic pulmonary congestion and the succeeding fibrosis, and after extracorporeal circulation. Congestion is accompanied by cell edema and the breakdown of the lamellar bodies. With fibrosis the cells are shrunken and present with little if any lysosomes. The nuclei are pyknotic or demonstrate karyolysis. Vacuolar degeneration of the lamellar bodies and progressive degeneration of the mitochondria are observed. The extracorporeal circulation damages many granular alveocytes. The degree of damage correlates with the duration of the cardiopulmonary bypass and with the degree of the prepump pathological changes present in the lungs. On the other and the extracorporeal circulation induces in the intact cells enhanced surfactant production, during which the different developmental stages of the lamellar body increasingly accumulate within the cell. In conclusion, pulmonary congestion and fibrosis reduce the activity of the granular alveocytes. The extracorporeal circulation enhances structurally favourable conditions in the granular alveocytes for the increased release of the surfactant in the immediate post operative phase - a process which could be regarded as an autoregulatory mechanism. PMID- 7283118 TI - Transfer of pethidine to CSF following intravenous administration. AB - To help delineate the contributions to analgesia evoked by central and spinal opiate receptors, pethidine was administered intravenously to dogs by bolus followed by infusion. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were sampled and assayed for pethidine. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations followed a similar time course to plasma but with lower concentrations. The average cerebrospinal fluid:plasma ratio was 0.4 and resembled the fraction of unbound pethidine in plasma. It was concluded that cerebrospinal fluid concentrations after intravenous administration were so low that spinal action would be unlikely. PMID- 7283119 TI - The epidemiology and clinical features of anaphylactic reactions in anaesthesia. AB - Severe anaphylactoid reactions during anaesthesia in 116 patients are described. The majority of patients who reacted to induction agents had previous exposure to the drug, while the majority of patients who reacted to muscle relaxants had not. There was a statistically significant increased incidence of allergy, atopy, asthma and previous reactions in patients who had reactions compared with a control group undergoing uneventful anaesthesia. There was no correlation between abnormalities in immunoglobulins or resting complement levels and a history of allergy or atopy. Antihistamines, steroids and bronchodilators alone did not prevent reactions and three patients reacted to test doses with Althesin. Reactions usually occurred during induction of anaesthesia, but may occur at any time in the perioperative period. No one drug produced reactions that differed in severity or clinical features from any other drug. Clinical features included skin changes, oedema, cardiovascular collapse, bronchospasm, gastrointestinal symptoms, prolonged unconsciousness, convulsions and pulmonary oedema. Four patients died. PMID- 7283120 TI - The diagnosis of acute anaphylactoid reactions to anaesthetic drugs. AB - Patients with a presumptive diagnosis of an acute anaphylactoid reaction to anaesthesia were investigated to determine the cause of the reaction and the drug responsible by intradermal testing, patch and prick testing, sequential complement measurement, passive transfer testing and challenge. The most valuable information was provided by intradermal testing and a diagnosis could be made in 150 of 165 patients. When analphylactoid reactions to anaesthetic drugs occur, intradermal testing one month after the reaction and sequential complement measurements in the immediate post reaction period will enable the diagnosis to be established in the majority of cases. Intradermal testing is of no value for trivial reactions or reactions to colloid solutions or contrast media. PMID- 7283121 TI - The prevention of second anaphylactoid reactions to anaesthetic drugs. AB - Fourteen patients who had second reactions to anaesthetic drugs are described. These reactions occurred for various reasons: attributing the initial reaction to the wrong drug, failure to appreciate the possibility of cross sensitivity, and failure to investigate the reaction and explain the reaction fully to the patient. With adequate investigation, communication and avoidance of drugs responsible, use of pretreatment and alternative techniques, the risk of second reactions should be reduced. PMID- 7283123 TI - Inorganic mercurial poisoning. PMID- 7283122 TI - Balanced total intravenous anaesthesia and intraocular pressure. AB - Twenty patients, aged 21 to 48 years and rated ASA physical status I, were studied during ophthalmic surgery. Ten subjects (Group I) received thiopentone, halothane and nitrous oxide in oxygen, and ten (Group II) received total intravenous anaesthesia, using flunitrazepam and ketamine. Ventilation was controlled mechanically with the aid of a muscle relaxant. Both anaesthetic techniques caused a significant decrease in intraocular pressure. After an initial decline in systolic arterial pressure and an increase in heart rate, cardiovascular status was well maintained in the two series. Side effects were uncommon with both techniques. Balanced total intravenous anaesthesia with flunitrazepam, ketamine and relaxant appears to offer a safe alternative to conventional inhalation narcosis for intraocular surgery. PMID- 7283125 TI - Total spinal block complicating epidural analgesia in labour. PMID- 7283124 TI - Improved sampling system for mass spectrometric measurement of water vapour pressure. PMID- 7283126 TI - Late perforation of superior vena cava and effusion caused by central venous catheter. PMID- 7283127 TI - Mishap with Ben-Jet tube. PMID- 7283128 TI - Collapse of endotracheal tubes. PMID- 7283129 TI - Flushing device failure causes pressure measurement error. PMID- 7283130 TI - Epidural catheter fixation. PMID- 7283131 TI - Versatility of mixed-function adsorbents in biospecific protein desorption: accidental affinity and an improved purification of aspartate transcarbamoylase from wheat germ. PMID- 7283132 TI - The isolation of purified neurosecretory vesicles from bovine neurohypophysis using isoosmolar density gradients. PMID- 7283133 TI - Isolation of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-binding protein from winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus). PMID- 7283134 TI - Optimizing enzyme assays with one or two coupling enzymes. PMID- 7283136 TI - A simplified method for quantitation of the relative amounts of type I and type III collagen in small tissue samples. PMID- 7283135 TI - A radiometric high-pressure liquid chromatography assay for the simultaneous determination of the three main oxidative metabolites of antipyrine in studies in vitro. PMID- 7283137 TI - The isolation and in vitro translation of undegraded messenger RNAs from human postmortem brain. PMID- 7283138 TI - A method for the two-dimensional electrophoresis of leaf proteins. PMID- 7283139 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) assay based upon the retention of putrescine by a strong cation-exchange paper. PMID- 7283140 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the study of histone antigens and nucleosome structure. PMID- 7283141 TI - Sensitive radioimmunoassays for 7 S collagen and laminin: application to serum and tissue studies of basement membranes. PMID- 7283142 TI - A method for measurement of free and bound plasma cyst(e)ine. PMID- 7283143 TI - Microanalysis of glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 7283144 TI - A new highly sensitive assay for breath acetaldehyde: detection of endogenous levels in humans. PMID- 7283145 TI - An improved swinging-bucket ultracentrifugal filter for receptor-binding assays. PMID- 7283146 TI - Quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7283147 TI - A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of monosaccharides as their dansyl hydrazones by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7283148 TI - Two new methods for pH gradient engineering in isoelectric focusing illustrated by increased resolution between hemoglobin Al and AlC. PMID- 7283149 TI - Improved spectrophotometric methods for the assay of carbodiimides. PMID- 7283150 TI - Affinity chromatography of Pseudomonas salicylate hydroxylase. PMID- 7283151 TI - Large-scale purification of halophilic enzymes by salting-out mediated chromatography. PMID- 7283152 TI - A liquid scintillation counting method that allows recovery of compounds in high yield for further analysis. PMID- 7283153 TI - A simple program which processes liquid scintillation counting data from samples containing both 125I and 3H under conditions of varying quench. PMID- 7283154 TI - Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography of uridine diphosphate N acetylmuramyl peptide precursors of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. PMID- 7283157 TI - Photopigment content of isolated bovine disk membrane vesicles. PMID- 7283155 TI - Phospholipase A2 activity of post-heparin plasma: a rapid and sensitive assay and partial characterization. PMID- 7283159 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography for assaying several plant phenolic enzymes. PMID- 7283160 TI - Reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatographic separation and fluorometric detection of guanidino compounds. PMID- 7283156 TI - Rapid quantitation of desmosine content in tissue hydrolysates by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7283158 TI - The purification of avidin and its derivatives on 2-iminobiotin-6-aminohexyl Sepharose 4B. PMID- 7283161 TI - Identification of phenolic constituents in commercial beverages by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 7283162 TI - [Morphology and zonal division of the ductus epididymidis of rats. I. Investigation of semithin-sections (author's transl)]. AB - The ductus epididymidis of adult rats can be subdivided in 9 zones. All zones consist of principal cells (pc), basal cells and granular and agranular leucocytes. However, dependent on the zone the length of the microvilli, basophilia of the Golgi region and the size and number of vacuoles and granules of the pc show differences. In addition, apical and bottle-shaped (narrow cells) occur in zone 1 and 2 and basal clear cells in zone 2-4. Furthermore, 4 types of clear cells (cc) can be distinguished which differ in number, size and staining properties of their granules; cc with light granules (type I) exist in zone 5 and cc with dark granules (type II) predominate in zone 6 whereas cc with a mixed granule type (type III) occur especially in zone 7 and cc with grey granules (type IV) are limited to zone 8 and 9. Beside the different structure and distribution of the epithelial cells the diameter of the duct lumen and the height of the epithelium differ in the course of the ductus epididymidis. PMID- 7283163 TI - Histology and mucosubstances histochemistry of the duodenum in suckling, prepuberal and puberal zebus (Bos indicus). AB - The histological and morphometric changes as well as the mucosubstances histochemistry of the zebu duodenum were studied in suckling, prepuberal and puberal zebus. The morphometric data indicate that this organ reaches maturity at 13 months of age. The duodenal glands are simple or ramified tubular presenting cells of various morphological types. They secrete less sialomucin associated to neutral mucosubstances in the glandular body than at base and ducts. The goblet cells elaborate neutral mucosubstances and sialomucin. No qualitative changes in the secretion of the goblet cells and duodenal glands were found in the duodenum of zebus suggesting that the production of mucosubstances is not associated to age or feeding habits. PMID- 7283164 TI - [On the topography of the ductus thoracicus in the dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283165 TI - Growth control of the cranial base. A study with experimentally bipedal male rats. AB - In a cross-sectional study the postnatal development of the skull, particularly that of the cranial base, was studied in experimentally bipedal male rats, up to the age of 46 weeks. A total of 81 bipedal rats and a control group of 90 animals were studied. It was found that, as compared with control rats, the bipedal rats had a definitely more spherical skull. This was the result of an increased height and a stronger dorsal flexion of the anterior cranial base. As to the chondrocranial elements, the basi-occipital bone reached, on the average, the same length in bipedal rats as in controls. However, the basisphenoid bone was significantly shorter. Arguments are given to relate the latter phenomenon to the altered shape of the neurocranium. The conclusion is drawn that, in this experimental approach, chondrocranial growth at the intersphenoidal synchondrosis is controlled not only by intrinsic genetic factors but also by local epigenetic and/or environmental factors. PMID- 7283166 TI - [Mummies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283167 TI - [Changes in the weight of the thymus and spleen of the mouse during pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283170 TI - Development of coloboma (Cm/+), a mutation with anterior lens adhesion. AB - A semidominant mutation in the laboratory mouse, Coloboma (Cm), is described. Coloboma is located on Chromosome 2, as is the similar mutation Dickie's small eye (Dey). Coloboma has a moderately reduced expressivity. The anterior chamber is usually present in Cm/+. Both Cm and Dey show delayed detachment of the lens vesicle and microphthalmia, and homozygotes of both apparently die early in pregnancy. PMID- 7283169 TI - Age changes in the fine structure of rat trophoblast giant-cells. PMID- 7283171 TI - The formation of the embryonic mesoderm in the early post-implantation mouse embryo. AB - The formation of the mesoderm in early post-implantation mouse embryos is described and analysed. The outgrowth of the mesoderm was found to depend on the changes in the shape of the embryonic ectoderm, which lead to a relative displacement of the primitive streak in the caudal direction. The primitive streak deposits its cells laterally in the case of the lateral mesoderm, and medially in the case of the headprocess. In doing so, the primitive streak leaves a trail of mesoderm cells. This means that mesoderm cells do not migrate actively from the caudally located primitive streak towards more frontal positions in the embryo. This is confirmed by the results of scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that mesoderm cells show no polarity at all in the caudofrontal direction. In may therefore be concluded that these cells probably do not migrate. Studies on the cell-cycle parameters of the embryonic ectoderm, showed that mesoderm cells-to-be are probably recruited not only from the proliferation zone, but also from the lateral ectoderm. It is postulated that the lateral ectoderm gives rise, via the largest part of the primitive streak, to most of the mesoderm cells, whereas the proliferation zone gives rise to the head-process mesoderm, via the anterior part of the primitive streak. PMID- 7283168 TI - The prenatal development of the pulvinar in the monkey: 3H-thymidine autoradiographic and morphometric analyses. PMID- 7283174 TI - Artificial neural induction in amphibia. III. Retina formation and autoorganization in single and double layer triturus explants. PMID- 7283172 TI - The head-process and the formation of the definitive endoderm in the mouse embryo. AB - The formation of the secondary or definitive endoderm was studied by light microscopy (1-mu m sections) and (scanning) electron microscopy. The results show that the primary endoderm disappears axially, and a hiatus appears in this layer. The development of this hiatus may be caused by cell degeneration, which is observed in the primary endoderm, or by some activity of the underlying head process. The apical parts of a number of head-process cells converge towards a hiatus. These cells are organized into a conical configuration which may participate in the formation of the hiatus. The cone cells reach through the hiatus into the yolk sac cavity, and comprise the secondary endoderm. The consequence is that in mice, the definitive endoderm develops from the head process mesoderm rather than from the primary endoderm. PMID- 7283173 TI - The cerebellar nucleo-olivary projection in the cat. AB - The crossed cerebello-olivary projection in the cat was studied by means of retrograde transport of HRP. The cerebello-olivary connection is organized according to a zonal pattern similar to that of the olivocerebellar projection. However, some labelled neurons are in addition found in cerebellar nuclear areas adjacent to a nuclear zone sending its fibres to the corresponding olivary region. This observation indicates that there is a certain degree of overlapping between the different nuclear zones. The cerebello-olivary fibres from the fastigial nucleus appear to be more widely distributed than those from the other cerebellar nuclei. Nuclear neurons of all sizes project to the inferior olive, but the majority of the cells are medium sized. The findings are discussed and related to previous studies on the cerebello-olivary connection. PMID- 7283175 TI - A quantitative approach to cytoarchitectonics. VII. The areal pattern of the cortex of the Guinea pig. AB - The cerebral cortex of the guinea pig has been examined by means of a quantitative cytoarchitectonic method (Schleicher et al. 1978; Zilles et al. 1978a). In this method, a computer-controlled automatic image analyzer determines the grey level index of microscopic fields measuring 50 X 50 mu m in Nissl stained sections by a systematic scanning procedure. Computer plots of serially sectioned histological slides from three hemispheres were produced by printing selected ranges of grey level indices. The delineation of cortical areas was worked out in these plots based on quantitative criteria. Cortical maps of the areal pattern were reconstructed graphically. The resulting cortical map of the guinea pig differs from that of Rose (1912), but it corresponds to the results of Friede (1960) and is in agreement with neurophysiological studies. In general, the areal pattern of the guinea pig is similar to that of the rat (Zilles et al. 1980), but there are also some differences. These differences are discussed with respect to functional considerations. PMID- 7283177 TI - The growth of the human brain during the embryonic period proper. 1. Linear axes. AB - Linear axes of the brain were measured in 143 human embryos from Carnegie stages 11 to 23 (3 1/2-8 postovulatory weeks). The embryos ranged from 3 to 30 mm in C. R. length. Both Born reconstructions and serial sections of the central nervous system were used. The brain axes included were the fronto-occipital diameter, bitemporal diameter, and length and width of both the mesencephalon and cerebellum. A least squares line was fitted to the set of data points corresponding to each brain axis measured, and a t test verified that a linear model was an appropriate representation of the data. Based on these linear measurements it can be concluded that for forebrain grows more rapidly than the rest of the brain at the onset of tubular brain enlargement. Furthermore, as seen by comparing growth along two dimensions, the forebrain and midbrain grow at the same rate, whereas the cerebellum grows at different rates along the length and height axes. In addition, the cerebellum begins to grow later than the rostral part of the brain. Covariance analysis of the data points of the embryonic brain axes with data points of identical brain axes of the fetus showed that the measurements from the embryonic and fetal brain axes cannot be represented by a single regression line. PMID- 7283176 TI - The development of Purkinje fibres and ordinary myocytes in the bovine fetal heart. An ultrastructural study. AB - A comparative ultrastructural study of bovine Purkinje fibres and ordinary myocytes during fetal development has been undertaken. Differences between the two cell types with respect to the intercalated disc, amount of myofibrils, arrangement of mitochondria, amount of glycogen and formation of T-tubules became apparent gradually. In all stages studied an abundance of intermediate filaments was typical for the Purkinje fibres. Myofibrillar M-bands developed at an earlier stage in Purkinje fibres than in ordinary myocytes. Myofilament-polyribosome complexes typical of adult cow Purkinje fibres were not observed in the fetal hearts. Only in late fetal stages were leptofibrils observed in both cell types. We conclude that in the bovine heart Purkinje fibres develop along a different pathway from ordinary myocytes. PMID- 7283179 TI - Development of retinofugal neuropil areas in the brain of the alpine newt, Triturus alpestris. AB - The development of the retinofugal projection areas of the brain has been studied in larvae of Triturus alpestris by means of anterograde transported horseradish peroxidase. The optic tract establishes contacts with the optic tectum prior to the onset of robust terminal formation in the diencephalon. The tectum becomes covered by the retinofugal projection in a rostro-caudal direction. The basal optic neuropil develops synchronously with the oculomotor neurons. Their dendrites extend into this neuropil area. A small amount of uncrossed label occurs long before metamorphosis. Around metamorphotic climax this ipsilateral label increases but does not attain the adult pattern even three monts postmetamorphosis. The data are compared with the onset of visual induced behaviour. PMID- 7283178 TI - Fine structural development of the interrenal tissue of the domestic fowl with special regard to intercellular junctions. PMID- 7283180 TI - Morphogenetic processes involved in the remodeling of the tail region of the chick embryo. PMID- 7283181 TI - The absence of labial villi in newborn humans. AB - Most of the modern textbooks of anatomy and histology in the German language state that the lips of newborn humans are provided with villi-like structures, which are supposed to help the newborn hold on to the breasts during nursing. Respective books in the English language do not endorse such a view. A detailed literature study revealed that the concept of labial villi rests on 19th century publications, which were based on investigations conducted on dead foetuses. The epithelium undergoes maceration in the amniotic fluid and the tall underlying connective tissue papillae appear to the investigator as villi-like structures. Therefore, the concept of labial villi in human newborns was based on postmortem artifacts. Detailed experimental studies carried out later have shown that living newborn humans do not possess any villi-like structures on the labial integument. Our own study including twenty-five 4.4+/-2.6 day-old Caucasian newborn infants further supports this view. PMID- 7283184 TI - Ductuli efferentes of the bull-a morphological, experimental and developmental study. AB - The light and electron microscopic structure of efferent ductules (ED) has been investigated in the mature intact, treated, and immature bulls. On a morphological basis, ED could be subdivided in two major segments. The proximal segment (near rete tests) possesses greater tubular diameter and taller and taller epithelium. Tje epithelium of ED consists of ciliated and nonciliated cells and a smaller number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and macrophages. The nonciliated cells can be distinguished into three different types: type II is characterized by specific granules, type III by vacuoles, whereas type I lacks either granules or vacuoles. Type II and III probably represent two cell species, which differ from each other in their morphological and histochemical properties, while type I may be the "inactive" form of the II and III cells. Type I cells occur throughout ED but they prevail in the proximal region. Type II cells inhabit the proximal segment and type III cells populate and prevail in the distal segment. The structure of nonciliated cells indicates that, in addition to resorptive and carbonic anhydrase activities, they are engaged in marked secretory activity. The control and significance of such an activity is discussed. Developmentally, the difference in tubular diameter in the proximal and distal regions is expressed shortly after birth, the morphological features of resorption were established by 25 weeks, while the formation of granules and vacuoles were not observed until 35 and 50 weeks, respectively. PMID- 7283183 TI - Testis characteristics of pubertal large white boars reared in a humid tropical environment. AB - The histomorphometric characteristics of heat-adapted pubertal Large White boars were investigated. Paired testes weight and sperm producing capacity were drastically lower than those of adult boars. Tunica albuginea weight relative to paired testes weight, proportion of round spermatids, the relative frequencies of the stages of the cycle of seminiferous epithelium and fertility were however similar to those of adult boars. The results show that the difference between pubertal and boars in spermatozoal production is a function of the testes weight. PMID- 7283182 TI - The cerebellar corticonuclear and nucleocortical projections in the cat as studied with anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. III. The anterior lobe. PMID- 7283185 TI - Effects of Danazol on the epididymal function in male langurs (Presbytis entellus entellus Dufresne). AB - Danazol (28 mg/kg body weight) was administered intramuscularly (i.m.) to intact langurs for a period of 48 days. Epididymides weight showed no significant change but tubular lumina were devoid of spermatozoa. These effects were reversible after 180 days of recovery period. Possible antiandrogenic action of the drug was evaluated by administering Danazol in conjunction with testosterone propionate (TP) (0.7 mg/kg body weight) to castrated langurs. Biochemical estimations for total protein and sialic acid contents showed a significant fall in all the treated groups. Whereas, alkaline phosphatase activity was increased in Danazol treated langurs and a decrease was noticed in castrates, which returned to near normal level after recovery period in intact and TP treatment in castrates. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that Danazol effectively suppressed the action of testosterone propionate in castrates. The inhibitory effects of Danazol on steroidogenesis in intact langurs might be due to biochemical interaction at subcellular system. PMID- 7283187 TI - Human semen aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity in male fertility studies. AB - The enzymatic activities of aminotransferases AST and ALT have been measured in the semen of a group of 98 subjects undergoing fertility studies, correlated with spermatic density and motility. An AST/ALT ratio was obtained for all patients. The results indicate that there exists a correlation between both enzymes' activities and spermatic density and motility. In two cases of excretory azoospermia, an elevated AST/ALT relation was obtained, while in two cases f secretory azoospermia a low AST/ALT ratio was seen. Aminotransferase values can thus be considered a useful piece of data in the evaluation of seminal quality, and the AST/ALT ratio used more specifically in te discrimination of the various types of azoospermia. PMID- 7283186 TI - Diagnostic value of determination of acid and alkaline phosphatase levels in the seminal plasma of infertile males. AB - To investigate the diagnostic value of phosphatases in seminal plasma, the levels of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were determined in 15 fertile subjects as well as in 26 cases of oligoasthenozoospermia. Statistical analysis of obtained data showed that acid phosphatase is a reliable parameter of prostatic function in cases of infection, while alkaline phosphatase may prove to be a non-specific parameter of subfertile semen. Alkaline phosphatase was significantly diminished in both oligozoospermia and azoospermia with and without infection or varicocele. PMID- 7283188 TI - A simple method to measure the liquefaction rate of human semen. AB - The centrifugation method has been developed to measure the rate of liquefaction in normal human semen. This method is very simple, reliable and convenient. Evidence is presented here to show that the liquefaction rate at ice-bath temperature is much slower than the rate at room temperature. PMID- 7283190 TI - [Pregnancy after vasectomy and its possible legal consequences for the surgeon]. AB - The necessity to check up exactly the procedure in vasectomy by the so called - Hamburg Model - is demonstrated by 4 cases. Although these patients were sterilized we could prove fertility on spermiogram, and observed pregnancy in 3 cases. Consequences in matter of law for the surgeon is pointed out. PMID- 7283189 TI - Zinc in normal human seminal plasma. AB - Normal human seminal plasma (n = 9) was analysed for zinc by employing the method of instrumental neutron activation analysis. The range of concentration of zinc was from 2.5 to 25.7 mg%. The author is of the opinion that the zinc in seminal plasma functions in two ways. 1. The essential role it has inside the spermatozoa for its motility and 2. to provide a favourable medium for the activity of the spermatozoa. The second function can be replaced by other ions. PMID- 7283192 TI - [Entero-paraprosthetic fistula: presentation of a case]. PMID- 7283191 TI - [Critical observations on the practice of vasectomy]. PMID- 7283193 TI - [Vascular (angiological) manifestations in Behcet's syndrome. Presentation of 8 cases and a review of the literature]. PMID- 7283194 TI - [Profundoplasty: indications, technics and results in the surgical treatment of femoropopliteal occlusions]. PMID- 7283196 TI - Impotence after aorto-iliac surgery: current concepts. AB - The retrospective study of 38 male patients undergoing aorto-iliac reconstructive and abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery was carried out. The study demonstrates the deficiency in the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative evaluation of these patients regarding the factors affecting impotence. Recommendations are made, and a flow sheet is compiled to assist the vascular surgeon in the evaluation and management of these patients. PMID- 7283195 TI - [Congenital arteriovenous fistula of the upper extremities]. PMID- 7283197 TI - Persistent left superior vena cava and associated structural and functional considerations. AB - Potentially significant associations are presented between anomalous systemic venous return (including both left superior vena cava and left hepatic venous drainage to the coronary sinus), a history of atrial fibrillation and a forme fruste of cor triatriatum in an elderly woman. Lack of associated structural defects or functional deficits makes it difficult to assess the frequency of occurrence in the general population of bilateral superior venae cavae in association with a persistent left hepatic vein draining into the coronary sinus. However, the potential for these systemic venous anomalies needs to be considered when unexplained arrhythmias are encountered. More specifically, the size of the coronary sinus needs to be assessed in patients with arrhythmia. PMID- 7283198 TI - Difficulty in assessing the severity of aorto-iliac disease by clinical and arteriographic methods. AB - Accurate hemodynamic assessment of the severity of aorto-iliac disease has important implications in the management of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease. This study has documented that history, clinical examination, and single-plane angiography are often unsatisfactory for assessing the hemodynamic significance of an aorto-iliac lesion. The use of oblique angiographic views, certain noninvasive methods, such as quantitative Doppler waveform analysis, and direct pressure measurements will be of benefit in difficult cases and lead to a more accurate diagnosis. PMID- 7283200 TI - Case reports of Phase 4 bundle branch block. PMID- 7283199 TI - Arterial blood pressure and the flow in the calf at rest and during reactive hyperemia. AB - The influence of a handgrip-induced rise in arterial blood pressure on the blood flow in the calf at rest and on the maximal flow during reactive hyperemia after 5-minute arterial occlusion was studied in 7 healthy subjects. Isometric contractions of the forearm muscles (handgrip) with 20% of the maximal voluntary contraction during 3 minutes caused a significant increase in mean blood pressure of 19% (SEM 3%; p less than 0.05). No significant increase in the mean blood flow at rest was found. The maximal blood flow during reactive hyperemia was increased by 42% (SEM, 5%; p less than 0.05). The lowest peripheral resistance during reactive hyperemia was decreased by 15% (SEM 6%; p less than 0.05). PMID- 7283201 TI - Digitalis-induced cardiac arrhythmias. AB - Six cases of digitalis intoxication presenting with cardiac arrhythmias are described. Multiple cardiac arrhythmias consisting of multifocal, or unifocal, multiform ventricular ectopic beats, bidirectional tachycardia, complete heart block, accelerated junctional rhythm with exit block, nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardia with block, and multifocal tachycardia were observed. The presence of such multiple arrhythmias occurring simultaneously should always suggest the high possibility of digitalis intoxication. PMID- 7283202 TI - Acute upper limb ischemia in the thoracic outlet syndrome: its correction by axillo-axillary bypass grafting. AB - A case of acute upper limb ischemia in the thoracic outlet syndrome is reported. Its relief by axillo-axillary bypass grafting is described. The advantages of the latter procedure in a poor-risk patient are discussed. More than 2 1/2 years after operation the graft is patent an the patient is essentially symptom-free. PMID- 7283203 TI - Combined use of vascular bypass and myocutaneous flap reconstruction in salvage of an ischemic limb. AB - Successful limb salvage and rehabilitation were achieved in a patient with chronic ischemia and a deep tibial ulcer by combining arterial reconstructive surgery with myocutaneous flap coverage of the defect. Without adequate and expeditious soft tissue coverage, recovery would have been prolonged, and the likelihood of successful rehabilitation would have been seriously jeopardized. PMID- 7283204 TI - Hypertension because of an arteriovenous fistula between the right renal artery and the inferior vena cava secondary to a gunshot wound: a case report. AB - A case of a renovascular hypertension due to an arteriovenous fistula between the right renal artery and the IVC secondary to a gunshot wound 8 years previously is reported. The diagnosis was made initially by the clinical signs of a continuous bruit heard over the anterior abdomen and by the characteristic findings of diastolic hypertension. Diagnosis was confirmed by abdominal aortography. In the operation, the right renal artery was ligated and divided proximally between the aorta and the aneurysm and distally beyond the fistulous communication and a Gore Tex graft was anastomosed between distal part of the renal artery and abdominal aorta. The result was confirmed by postoperative aortography and by disappearance of the preoperative physical findings. The present case, to our knowledge, is the sixth in the literature. PMID- 7283205 TI - Ruptured venous aneurysm of the persistent left superior vena cava. AB - A 24-year-old female with venous aneurysm of the persistent left superior vena cava and the left subclavicular vein has been reported. Spontaneous closed rupture of the venous aneurysm, secondary to thrombosed obstruction, occurred into the posterior mediastinum and the extrapleural thoracic wall. The symptom was aggravated rapidly because of absent communicating vein between the persistent left superior and the right superior venae cavae. Surgical intervention was not considered for the reason of difficulty in approach. Fortunately an open rupture of the venous aneurysm into the thoracic cavity was not seen. A conservative treatment for 4 months resulted in a successful outcome with absorption of a large hematoma and building of collateral circulation. PMID- 7283206 TI - Haemoglobin D in three rare Dutch breeds of sheep. AB - Electrophoretic and hybridization studies indicated that a haemoglobin found in three rare Dutch breeds of sheep was the a chain variant HbD which had hitherto only been found in three individual native Yugoslav sheep. Two phenotypes, Hb DAB and Hb B, were detected, and the D variant was always present in lower concentrations than the normal haemoglobins. The calculated gene frequencies for aD were 0.031, 0.082 and 0.029 in the Kempisch Heide, Veluws Heide and Mergelland breeds respectively. PMID- 7283207 TI - Partial characterization of horse transferrin heterogeneity with respect to the atypical type, Tf C. AB - In starch gel electrophoresis of horse sera each transferrin variant is formed by a strong anodal band and a weaker cathodal band. An 'atypical' Tf C, has two zones of about equal intensity. Family data show that Tf C is genetically controlled by an allele Tf C at the Tf locus. Frequencies of transferrin alleles in various horse breeds are also presented. After isolation and fractionation of individual transferrin variants (Tf O, Tf D, Tf C) on DEAE-Sephadex, additional weak bands were detected. The two main zones of each variant were isolated in a pure state and treated with neuraminidase. In all three variants studied the electrophoretic mobility of the slower band (2a) was decreased in two steps, and the faster band (4b) in four steps. The mobilities of hands derived from the fast zone (4b) were slower than mobilities of corresponding bands derived from the slow zone (2a). These results suggest the presence of two sialic acid residues in the slow zone, and of four residues in the fast zone. Residual heterogeneity was independent of sialic acid. PMID- 7283208 TI - Studies on the C blood group system in three Danish cattle breeds. PMID- 7283209 TI - Genetic control and population survey of transferrin in the Japanese quail. PMID- 7283210 TI - Frequencies of transferrin types in various breeds of domestic dogs. PMID- 7283211 TI - Phosphohexose isomerase polymorphism in the domestic cat. AB - Genetic variation of the enzyme phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) has been found in the erythrocytes of Australian domestic cats by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis at pH 8.2. Three complex patterns of isoenzymes, designated F, FS and S, were obtained migrating anodally. Limited family studies and the distribution of the three main phenotypes indicated that the polymorphism in controlled by two codominant autosomal alleles, PHIF and PHIS. Gene frequencies for PHIF and PHIS have been calculated as 0.036 and 0.964 respectively. Three additional variant forms have also been observed. PMID- 7283212 TI - An investigation of the products of 23 gene loci in the domestic cat, Felis catus. PMID- 7283214 TI - Limitation of the cross table lateral view in detecting cervical spine injuries: a retrospective analysis. AB - A city-wide survey of 17 emergency departments revealed that 94.7% of physicians relied exclusively on the cross table lateral view in their initial radiologic disposition of patients suspected of having cervical spine injury, and most of these physicians think it is more than 90% effective in detecting potentially unstable injuries of the cervical spine. A three-year retrospective study was conducted in a midwestern suburban community hospital with 27,000 annual emergency visits to determine the incidence of false negative cross table lateral views of the cervical spine. Of 35 patients with cervical spine fracture/dislocation, we found three cases difficult to diagnose, and six in which this initial view was interpreted as normal. In all nine cases, a standard anteroposterior view (APV) or standard open mouth view (OMV) would have increased the diagnostic yield to 100%. A revised radiologic approach to the patient suspected of having cervical spine injuries is suggested. PMID- 7283213 TI - Assessment of clinical competence on the Emergency Medicine Specialty Certification Examination: the validity of examiner ratings of simulated clinical encounters. AB - To evaluate the reliability and validity of examiner ratings of simulated clinical encounters (SCEs), 94 subjects representing four distinct groups in training, experience, and ability to deliver emergency medical care were administered SCEs by two examiners. Inter-rater reliabilities of performance on specific SCEs varied from 0.61 to 0.89, with an average of 0.79 for all SCEs in the library. Identified sources of examiner error in determining clinical competence included case-specific variability of candidate performance, differences in standards used by different examiners, a halo effect several different ratings were made, and random errors in determining exact rating scores. However, this research indicates that examiner ratings clearly discriminate groups with known differences in clinical competence and correlated well (0.83) with objective test scores. PMID- 7283215 TI - Modifications in the technique of gastric lavage. AB - A simple experimental model was used to demonstrate the effects of water temperature and mechanical agitation in removing pills during gastric lavage. It was nearly impossible to remove pills from an artificial stomach using room temperature water and no mechanical agitation, Using warm tap water and repetitive compressions of the artificial stomach, the pills were consistently removed with ease. We recommend that gastric lavage for poisoning victims include two phases, the first using traditional lavage technique, and the second using larger aliquots, warm lavage fluid, and massage of the epigastrium. PMID- 7283216 TI - Bronchodilatory effect of subcutaneous epinephrine in acute asthma. AB - Thirty-two adult patients presenting to the emergency department for treatment of acute asthmatic attacks refractory to home medications were studied. Each patient was randomly given a subcutaneous injections of 0.1 mg, 0.3 mg, or 0.5 mg epinephrine in a double-blind fashion. Bronchondilatation, as measured by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), was measured before and at 10, 20, and 40 minutes after injection. Bronchondilatation occurred with all dosages of epinephrine. No significant difference in PEFR was demonstrated among the three doses of epinephrine. Mean PEFR at each time differed significantly from the means of the other three values, with a steady increase over time (0.01 less than p less than 0.05). Repeating subcutaneous doses of epinephrine before maximal bronchondilatation is obtained may be irrational and potentially dangerous. PMID- 7283217 TI - Metoprolol overdose. AB - We report the first two documented cases of the deliberate metoprolol overdose occurring in the United States, one of which eventually proved fatal. The potentially lethal cardiotoxic effects of this drug are illustrated and correlated with the blood and tissue levels of metoprolol. We emphasize the often sudden and rapid clinical deterioration which excessive ingestion of this drug may produce, and the need for close, careful supervision and monitoring of these patients. PMID- 7283218 TI - Aspiration of activated charcoal and gastric contents. AB - A case of aspiration of activated charcoal and gastric contents is reported. The patient developed immediate airway obstruction treated by endotracheal intubation and suctioning. Protracted respiratory insufficiency characterized by severe bronchospasm developed after airway obstruction was alleviated. PMID- 7283219 TI - Cocaine intoxication, delirium, and death in a body packer. AB - The authors described a case of emergency department of presentation of acute cocaine delirium in a cocaine "body packer," ie, an individual who attempted to smuggle cocaine by intracorporeal means. Treatment for cocaine intoxication was not initiated because of patient gave a false history; did not present with seizures, stupor or coma; had no deterioration in vital signs until late in the presentation; and presented with apparent psychiatric symptomatology, ie, delirium. Delirium should be treated by first identifying its cause and by attempting to remove the cause by appropriate medical and surgical techniques. PMID- 7283221 TI - Prevention of iatrogenic acute narrow-angle glaucoma. AB - The pathophysiology of glaucoma is reviewed, and the risks of pharmacologic pupillary dilation are discussed. A simple transillumination screening test for identifying patients in whom mydriasis presents a risk is described. PMID- 7283220 TI - Near-fatal intoxication by 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane. AB - This report describes a case of near-fatal intoxication following accidental exposure to 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane in a child. This solvent, generally safe, is widely used to 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane in a child. This solvent, generally safe, is widely used in industrial and domestic preparations. Exposure to high levels of vapor can result in respiratory depression and/or fatal dysrhythmias. Treatment is generally supportive. Ventilation is maintained to enhance respiratory excretion. PMID- 7283223 TI - Consultations in emergency medicine: abdominal pain and analgesia. PMID- 7283222 TI - Trauma centers and the new evangelists. PMID- 7283224 TI - Bretylium tosylate for cardiopulmonary arrest. PMID- 7283225 TI - Caffeine toxicity secondary to street drug ingestion. PMID- 7283227 TI - Emesis: safe and effective. PMID- 7283228 TI - Anatomy and function of the ligaments of the lower cervical spine in the dog. AB - Ligaments of the lower cervical spine (C3 to C7) were studied in 27 canine cadavers. The gross anatomy and attachment sites were determined by dissection, and representative samples of the flaval ligament, facet capsules, and dorsal longitudinal ligament were examined by light microscopy and were stained for elastin content. Selected functional spinal units were placed in a specially constructed humidification chamber and were fixed in position, using methyl methacrylate bone cement. The specimens were stressed in flexion and extension, and vertebral displacement was measured before and after severance of the spinal ligaments. The flaval ligament had a marked elastin content and contained randomly oriented collagen bundles. The dorsal longitudinal ligament possessed a negligible elastic fiber content and demonstrated longitudinally oriented collagen bundles. The facet capsules possessed an inner synovial lining and outer fibrous layer typical of synovial joint capsules. In general, the severance of spinal ligaments resulted in small increments of displacement until failure occurred, which was often sudden and complete. The flaval ligament, facet capsules, dorsal longitudinal ligament, and intervertebral disk were the major ligamentous stabilizers of the lower cervical spine. PMID- 7283226 TI - Pulmonary edema complication of salicylate intoxication. PMID- 7283229 TI - Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in Atlanta, Georgia. AB - Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from tissue of 5 of 7 cats and of 4 of 4 field mice trapped in a riding stable in Atlanta where an outbreak of toxoplasmosis had occurred in persons. Dye-test antibodies were not found in serum of 4 cats and 4 field mice shown to be infected with T gondii by mouse inoculation. The pathogenicity and infectivity of the 9 isolates of T gondii from cats and mice were compared in mice with the same characteristics of an isolate from a person who acquired toxoplasmosis in association with the stable. Oocysts of all 10 isolates were more pathogenic than cysts of the same isolates. Epidemiologic implications of isolates from cats and mice are discussed. PMID- 7283230 TI - Liquid preservation of baboon red blood cells in acid-citrate-dextrose or citrate phosphate-dextrose anticoagulant: effects of washing liquid-stored red blood cells. AB - Autologous baboon RBC stored at 4 C in acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) or in citrate phosphate-dextrose (CPD) for 3 weeks after collection had 24-hour 51Cr posttransfusion survival values of about 77%. When 20-day-old ACD and CPD baboon RBC were washed and then stored at 4 C for 24 hours before autotransfusion, the 24-hour 51Cr posttransfusion survival values were about 81%. These values were similar to those seen in studies of human RBC preserved in an identical manner. Our results indicated that the baboon can be used to evaluate RBC preservation techniques before human volunteers are studied. PMID- 7283231 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cephalothin and cephalexin in selected avian species. AB - Plasma concentrations and the biological half-lives of cephalothin and cephalexin in avian species of a variety of body sizes and metabolic rates were studied. The species chosen were eastern bobwhite quail (Colinus v virginianus), pigeons (Columba livia), hybrid rosybill ducks (Netta sp), greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida), and emus (Dromiceius novaehollandiae). In the 1st phase of the study, cephalothin sodium was given IM in a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight. Plasma concentrations reached peak (av 18 micrograms/ml) at 0.5 hour and were measurable 2.5 to 5.5 hours after drug administration. The biological half-life of cephalothin was 16 to 54 minutes; the half-life varied directly with increased species body weight, with the exception of the ducks studied. In the 2nd phase, cephalexin monohydrate was given orally in doses of 25, 35, and 50 mg/kg of body weight. Plasma concentrations reached peak (av 20 micrograms/ml) at 0.5 to 1 hour and were measurable 2.5 to 5.5 hours after drug administration. The biological half-life of cephalexin was 36 to 126 minutes. In the 3rd phase, differences in plasma concentrations and the half-lives of cephalexin between fed quail and fasted quail were insignificant. Dosage regimens for cephalothin of 100 mg/kg 4 times a day and for cephalexin of 35 to 50 mg/kg 4 times a day would be expected to establish and maintain therapeutic plasma concentrations in large birds (pigeons, cranes, and emus). These same doses, administered every 2 to 3 hours, would be expected to establish and maintain therapeutic plasma concentrations in smaller birds (quail, ducks). PMID- 7283233 TI - Isolation of Mycoplasma flocculare from swine in the United States. AB - During 1977 to 1980, Mycoplasma flocculare was isolated from the lungs of 7 swine in the United States. Two of the swine were from a single Alabama herd, 1 was from Minnesota, 2 were from different Illinois herds, and 2 were from different Indiana herds. Three of the swine were from specific-pathogen-free herds and 4 were from conventional herds. The lungs from the 7 swine had gross lesions typical of mycoplasmal pneumonia. Two lungs yielded a mixture of M flocculare and M hyopneumoniae; the remaining 5 yielded M flocculare alone. PMID- 7283232 TI - Measurement of red blood cell volume, plasma volume, and total blood volume in baboons. AB - Red blood cell volume was measured directly in baboons by infusion of 51Cr labeled autologous RBC, and was indirectly estimated from the plasma volume measured with 125I-labeled albumin and the total body hematocrit. The total body hematocrit was calculated from the peripheral venous hematocrit multiplied by a correction factor; for nonanemic baboons the correction factor was 0.87, and for anemic baboons, 0.75. Within 2 weeks after the phlebotomy (150 ml of blood), the baboon's RBC volume was restored to normal. Posttransfusion survival of baboon RBC can be measured accurately in nonanemic baboons; the preserved RBC can be labeled with 51Cr and the RBC volume of the baboon can be measured indirectly from the plasma volume measured with 125I-labeled albumin and the total body hematocrit. PMID- 7283234 TI - Haloxon: critical tests of antiparasitic activity in equids. AB - Critical tests were conducted in 14 naturally infected equids (13 horses and 1 pony) to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of haloxon. Single doses were administered by stomach tube to 3 horses and 1 pony (60 mg/kg of body weight), by addition to the feed of 3 horses (60 mg/kg), and intraorally by powder gun to 7 horses (65 mg/kg). Haloxon was efficacious (99% to 100%) against infections of Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi (mature and immature), and Strongylus vulgaris at both dosage levels. Probstmayria vivipara parasites were removed in 1 horse treated at 60 mg/kg by stomach tube and S equinus was removed (1 specimen) in 1 horse treated at 65 mg/kg with the powder gun. Removal activity against small strongyles varied from 67% to 92%, and averaged 88% in ther aggregate. Removal of S edentatus fluctuated from 2% to 100%, and was 49% in the aggregate. Haloxon was generally ineffective against Gasterophilus intestinalis and G nasalis, except that it seemed active against 2nd instar G intestinalis when administered at the 60 mg/kg dosage rate in feed and at the 65 mg/kg dosage rate by powder gun. The compound was inactive against Trichostrongylus axei, Habronema muscae, Draschia megastoma, Anoplocephala perfoliata, and A magna. Clinical signs of toxicosis were not observed after treatment. Problems were not encountered in administration of haloxon directly into the back of the mouth with the powder gun. PMID- 7283235 TI - Tioxidazole: evaluation of antiparasitic activity of a micronized formulation in horses by the critical test method. AB - Antiparasitic activity of a micronized formulation of the benzothiazole compound, tioxidazole, at the dose rate of 11 mg/kg, was evaluated by the critical test method. Drug was given by stomach to 3 horses and on feed to 3 horses. Excellent removal activity was found for Strongylus vulgaris (100%) in 5 naturally infected horses, S edentatus (91% to 100%) in 5 horses, small strongyles (88% to 99%) in 6 horses, immature Oxyuris equi (100%) in 5 horses, and Parascaris equorum (100%) in 5 horses (a 6th horse had 10 small specimens present at necropsy). There was no measurable activity against bots, tapeworms, or stomach worms. Tioxidazole, administered in the feed, was palatable. Signs of toxicosis were not observed. PMID- 7283236 TI - Comparative titration of Anaplasma marginale antibodies by card agglutination and complement-fixation tests. AB - The card agglutination test for anaplasmosis was improved so that bovine serum could be titrated for Anaplasma antibodies. The modified test was validated when its results on 1 set of serum samples were compared with the results furnished by the complement-fixation test on the same set. The samples tested were from cows inoculated with an Anaplasma vaccine or with either 1 of 2 virulent strains of Anaplasma marginale. A correlation coefficient of 0.60 was calculated between the values of the titers furnished by the 2 tests, and regression equations were calculated and used to estimate the serum titer in 1 test from a titer measured in the other. The results indicate that the simple card agglutination test can yield titers comparable with those of the complement-fixation test. PMID- 7283238 TI - Effects of naturally acquired mixed helminth parasitism in yearling dairy calves. AB - The effects of Strongyle parasitism were studied in yearling calves. One group (4 calves) was a noninfected control, and 2 groups (4 calves each) were infected by exposure on pasture to the same type and degree of parasitism. One of the 2 infected groups were given coumafos at 4-week intervals and the other was not treated. Few significant differences were found between the control and infected groups in hematologic and serum glucose and urea nitrogen values. The control group gained an average of 2.2 kg/week, as compared with 1.0 kg/week, as compared with 1.0 kg/week for the treated group. The parasitized-untreated group lost 0.2 kg/week. Overall, the control group gained 26.8 kg for the 12-week period, which was significantly different (P less than 0.05) from an 11.4-kg gain by the parasitized-treated group and a 2.3 kg loss for the parasitized-untreated group. In the face of constant pasture challenge exposure, most adult worms were eliminated from the drug-treated animals, but the adverse effects of parasitism were not reversed. PMID- 7283240 TI - Coulometric technique for iron determinations. PMID- 7283239 TI - Clonidine or xylazine as provocative tests for growth hormone secretion in the dog. AB - Base-line values of plasma growth hormone (GH) are low in most species, requiring provocative tests to assess GH deficiency. Clonidine, an antihypertensive drug, and its analogue, xylazine, a sedative hypnotic, were found to stimulate GH secretion. Administration (IV) of clonidine to conscious healthy, dogs at doses of 30, 16.5, and 3 microgram/kg produced significant increases in plasma GH by 15 minutes and the effects subsided by 120 minutes. Plasma glucose concentration increased slowly with all doses, but less so and for shorter duration in dogs given the 3 microgram/kg dose. Xylazine increased plasma GH when injected at doses of 300 and 100 microgram/kg, but not at 30 microgram/kg. Plasma glucose increased only with the 300 microgram/kg dose. The alpha-adrenergic blocker, phentolamine, markedly attenuated these responses. Thus, both clonidine and xylazine, when used at appropriate doses, can stimulate GH secretion, with minimal effect on plasma glucose and without causing significant sedation. PMID- 7283237 TI - Anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole in calves with naturally acquired Fasciola hepatica infections. AB - The anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole was evaluated as an oral drench at dosages of 15.0, 10.0, and 7.5 mg/kg of body weight in 3 groups crossbred Brahman calves (n = 12 group) infected with Fasciola hepatica. Although posttreatment fluke ova counts for the 3 albendazole treatment groups were significantly (P less than 0.01) lower (av 82%) than were counts in nontreated calves, there were no significant differences in the responses to the different albendazole treatments. At necropsy, adult fluke counts in treated calves were lower (P less than 0.05) than were counts in nontreated calves, but as with ova counts, a dose related trend was not noticed. Efficacy against adult flukes was 63.4%, 50.0%, and 56.6% for 15.0, 10.0, and 7.5 mg/kg, respectively. Activity against immature flukes was not observed in calves given the 10.0 and 7.5 mg/kg, but there was a 36% decrease of flukes in those calves given 15.0 mg/kg. Significant decreases (P less than 0.05) in fluke ova viability were observed for the 3 treatment groups in which 12.9% of ova collected at necropsy failed to embryonate (control group av 6.7%). Posttreatment weight changes were not significantly different, although gains were greater within albendazole treatment groups. Decreases in gastrointestinal parasite ova counts after treatment were 98%, 93%, and 93% for groups given 15.0, 10.0, and 7.5 mg/kg, respectively. Ova counts in nontreated calves increased 26.2% during the same period. PMID- 7283241 TI - [14C]glucosamine incorporation into intestinal glycoproteins by calf intestinal epithelium in organ culture. AB - The uptake and incorporation of [14C]glucosamine into secreted intestinal glycoproteins was examined in the calf intestinal mucosa and isolated epithelial cells, using an organ culture system. Incorporation varied with the area of the intestine, ie duodenum greater than jejunum greater than ileum. Secreted glycoproteins were examined after 3 and 24 hours in organ culture. Initially, a glycoprotein approximately 68,000 molecular weight (mol wt) was secreted by all areas of the intestine. This was followed by the appearance of a larger glycoprotein 10(6) to 10(7) mol wt. Enzymatic cleavage of jejunal brush borders released a glycocalyx glycoprotein similar in size to the secreted large mol wt glycoprotein. These similarities in mol wt are only suggestive evidence that the 2 large glycoproteins are the same. This procedure allows for the study of the maturation and development of a poorly understood component of the intestinal epithelial cell which has a wide range of functional considerations. PMID- 7283243 TI - Allogeneic antibody response in cattle. AB - Antibody responses following immunization with allogeneic bovine lymphocytes, goose red blood cells (GRBC), and ovalbumin (given IV) were studied in 20 heifers. Antibody to GRBC was detectable by 4 to 9 days in all heifers and followed the characteristic pattern of a low-titer primary response which was predominantly immunoglobulin (Ig) M, whereas a high titer IgG secondary response was observed. The dose of ovalbumin used failed to elicit a detectable antibody response. An immune response to allogeneic lymphocytes was observed, but it differed from the GRBC response. Cytotoxic antibody directed against lymphocytes was detectable by day 14 in 5 of the heifers. Five others responded by days 17 to 24 after secondary immunization. The responses were of low titer and predominantly IgM, after both primary and secondary immunizations. The time of antibody appearance and titers varied between heifers and was not dependent on differences at the major histocompatibility complex (BoLA) between heifers and immunizing lymphocytes. Cytotoxic antibody reacted with both B and T lymphocytes and appeared to recognize the serologically defined BoLA antigens. Noncytotoxic alloantibody was detected in the serum of 1 heifer and appeared to be directed against a subpopulation of lymphocytes, possibly those bearing Ia-like antigens. PMID- 7283242 TI - Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni: its possible significance in enteric disease of calves and lambs. AB - Fecal samples from 127 diarrheic and 3 healthy beef calves, representing 25 herds with enteric disease, were cultured for Campylobacter, using filtration and a selective medium. Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni (CFJ) was isolated from 51 (40%) of the diarrheic calves representing 14 (56%) herds and from the 3 clinically healthy calves (1 each in 3 of these 14 herds). Campylobacter fetus subsp intestinalis was not isolated from the calves. Fecal samples from 36 diarrheic and 20 healthy lambs representing 8 ranches were negative for Campylobacter. Isolates of CFJ from aborted lambs and from the feces of calves, ducks, dogs, and persons, appeared identical from the standpoint of morphology and physiologic reactions. In 12 calves and 5 lambs fed cultures, CFJ became colonized. Three of the calves developed diarrhea, but 2 were compromised by other disorders at the time of challenge exposure. None of the other calves or lambs developed diarrhea, but 10 of the calves and all of the lambs had frank or occult blood in the feces. Lamb intestinal loops were not distended by cultures of CFJ, but some cultures caused pathologic changes in the loops. None of 10 cultures of CFJ tested caused diarrhea in infant mice. Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni is apparently capable of causing irritation and pathologic changes in the intestinal tract of young calves and lambs. Additional studies are needed to assess the role of CFJ in spontaneous enteric disease of calves. PMID- 7283244 TI - Pharmacokinetic analysis of intravenously and orally administered quinidine in horses. AB - A pharmacokinetic study was made, using 7 healthy adult horses (weighing between 400 and 560 kg) given quinidine gluconate IV and quinidine sulfate orally. The apparent volume of distribution of quinidine base was 3.10 +/- 0.79 L/kg, total body clearance was 5.49 +/- 2.40 ml/minute/kg, and plasma half-life was 6.65 +/- 3.00 hours. The systemic availability of quinidine sulfate after oral administration of a 10 mg/kg dose was 48.5 +/- 20.4%. Oral administrations of quinidine sulfate in doses of 10 mg/kg and 10 g produced peak plasma concentrations of 0.79 microgram/ml at 146 minutes and 1.47 microgram/ml at 131 minutes, respectively. In 4 horses given 4 oral doses of 10 mg of quinidine sulfate/kg, each dose separated by 2 hours, maximal plasma concentrations of quinidine averaged 13% higher than the preceding minimal plasma concentration. The application of these pharmacokinetic determinations to the clinical use of quinidine in the horse is discussed. PMID- 7283245 TI - Prevention of gastric ulcers in swine by feeding of sodium polyacrylate. AB - Five experiments involving 169 swine were conducted to determine the effects of 0.1% to 0.5% sodium polyacrylate (PANa) in rations of growing swine on weight gain, feed conversion, and occurrence of esophagogastric lesions. Seemingly, PANa prevented swine from developing esophagogastric ulcers. Esophagogastric ulcers or erosions occurred in 42.9% of the swine fed a PANa-free diet, but occurred in only 9.8% of those fed a diet containing PANa. Addition of PANa (0.1% to 0.5%) to the growing ration increased weight gain and feed conversion. The anti-ulcer effect of PANa was discussed. PMID- 7283246 TI - Effects of atmospheric ammonia on young pigs experimentally infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica. AB - Effects of atmospheric ammonia on performance and respiratory tract health of young pigs experimentally infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica were studied. Treatments were: (1) control, (2) Bordetella inoculation (approx 10(9) bacteria/naris) alone, (3) Bordetella inoculation plus exposure to atmospheric ammonia at 34.7 mg/m3 (50 ppm), and (4) Bordetella inoculation plus exposure to atmospheric ammonia at 69.4 mg/m3 (100 ppm). Pigs weighted 8.01 kg (av) at start of treatment. Body weight and feed disappearance were measured weekly. After 4 weeks, all pigs were killed and examined grossly, and appropriate specimens were obtained for histopathologic examination. Regression models were fitted to growth, feed disappearance, and gain-to-feed data. The growth model indicated that Bordetella-inoculated pigs gained 26% less body weight than did controls, regardless of atmospheric ammonia concentration. Bordetella inoculation, regardless of ammonia exposure, reduced feed disappearance 12% below the control rate. Treatment difference was not noted in gain/feed data. Shrunken turbinates were observed in Bordetella-inoculated pigs. Shrinkage also appeared to be related directly to ammonia concentration. Rhinitis was confirmed histopathologically, and its severity was related with atmospheric ammonia concentration, but no difference was seen in the osseous core of the turbinates. PMID- 7283248 TI - Occurrence and evaluation of a reflex-evoked muscle potential (H reflex) in the normal dog. PMID- 7283247 TI - Effects of atmospheric ammonia on young pigs experimentally infected with Ascaris suum. AB - Effects of atmospheric ammonia at 69.4 mg/m3 (100 ppm) on productive performance and respiratory tract health of young pigs (starting body weight averaged 7.5 kg) experimentally infected with Ascaris suum (50,000 embryonated ova administered by gavage when pigs were 5 weeks of age) were studied in 5 trials of 4 weeks each (when pigs were 5 to 9 weeks of age). Effects of atmospheric-ammonia exposure and ascarid infection on growth were additive. Compared with controls, percentage reductions in average daily gain were 32%, 28%, and 61% for ammonia-exposed, ascarid-infected, and combined ammonia plus ascarid groups, respectively. Ammonia exposure or ascarid infection alone depressed feed disappearance by 18%. Effects of the 2 factors were additive, resulting in a 35% reduction in feed disappearance. Pigs exposed to the combined factors had an average gain/feed ratio of 0.518, which was less than that of control pigs (0.546), but was greater than that of pigs exposed to atmospheric ammonia (0.489) or pigs infected with ascarids (0.501) alone. Liver scarring, due to larval migration, was not affected by ammonia exposure. Larval migration through the respiratory tract was not confirmed histopathologically in pigs killed 4 weeks after inoculation. A supplementary experiment was conducted which demonstrated that residual evidence of previous pulmonary larval migration was present 2 weeks after inoculation. PMID- 7283249 TI - Posterior pathway for aqueous humor drainage in the dog. AB - A posterior route for the drainage of aqueous humor was determined, using latex spheres as tracers. Continuous intracameral injections were made on live Beagles for periods up to 1 hour. Intraocular pressure was maintained between 15 and 30 mm of Hg during the infusion process. Tissue macrophages ingested many of the spheres, and their ingestion served to fix the position of the markers as they passively followed aqueous drainage routes. Thin sections were prepared from tissues that reportedly constituted the uveoscleral route. The electron microscope was used to visualize the latex spheres within the macrophages. In this manner, a uveoscleral pathway was demonstrated in normal Beagles. PMID- 7283250 TI - Pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim and sulfadiazine in the dog: urine concentrations after oral administration. AB - Serial blood samples were obtained from 12 healthy adult dogs given equivalent subcutaneous and oral doses of the antibacterial combination, trimethoprim sulfadiazine (1:5). By using a 1-compartment open model, pharmacokinetic parameters for both drugs were estimated from the mean serum concentration data after oral administration. Trimethoprim and sulfadiazine were rapidly absorbed, reaching maximum concentrations in 1 and 4 hours with serum elimination half lives of 2.5 and 9.9 hours, respectively. After a single oral dose (30 mg/kg, combined ingredients) was given, both drugs were present in urine for up to 24 hours at concentrations exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentrations for common pathogenic bacteria. PMID- 7283251 TI - Involuntarily committed patients' constitutional right to refuse treatment. A challenge to psychology. PMID- 7283253 TI - Lobar distribution of bronchiolar inflammation in emphysema. PMID- 7283252 TI - Upper airway muscles of respiration. PMID- 7283255 TI - Significance of small airway tests in middle-aged smokers. AB - In 54 asymptomatic lifelong nonsmokers and 105 current smokers, all steelworkers 45 to 55 yr of age, we measured several lung function indexes in order to assess the significance of small airway tests, slope of phase III of the N2 single breath washout (delta N2), and bolus closing volume and closing capacity (CC/TLC). Smokers had all mean indexes significantly different from nonsmokers, with CC/TLC and delta N2 being the most frequently impaired tests. Smokers with small airway disease (abnormal CC/TLC or delta N2) but normal forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) vital capacity had a significantly lower FEV1/height3 (p less than 0.001) than subjects without small airway disease. The latter had indexes similar to nonsmokers. Our data suggested that smokers with small airway disease experience a more rapid decline in their FEV1 and thus are more susceptible to long-term smoking than smokers without small airway disease. The later appear to be resistant to tobacco-induced chronic airflow obstruction. PMID- 7283254 TI - Clinical efficacy of early and delayed fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with hemoptysis. AB - We analyzed the records of 129 consecutive patients with hemoptysis to evaluate whether or not early (during hemoptysis or during the 48 h after hemoptysis stopped) fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) more frequently localized and/or diagnosed the source of bleeding and influenced clinical outcome than delayed FB (48 h or more after hemoptysis stopped). Patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of their final diagnoses: neoplasm (31 patients), bronchitis/bronchiectasis (52 patients), and miscellaneous (46 patients). Although the likelihood of visualizing active bleeding (41 versus 8%) or its site (34 versus 11%) was significantly higher with early versus delayed FB, respectively, neither active bleeding nor a bleeding site were visualized in at least 60% of the 92 patients who underwent early FB. Definitive (endoscopic) diagnoses by early or delayed FB occurred primarily in patients with neoplasm. Clinical outcome based on the results of FB was not significantly different between the early and delayed groups. Thus, early, single FB was generally neither diagnostic nor therapeutically decisive in these patients with hemoptysis. PMID- 7283256 TI - Shortest possible acceptable, effective ambulatory chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis: preliminary report I. AB - In two 4.5-month regimens and one 3-month regimen the four most potent antituberculous drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin) were given for the initial 3 months of chemotherapy. Acceptance by the patients was high, and bacillary sterilization was achieved in 96% of cases within 2 months. Addition of a fifth drug, ethionamide, during the initial 3 months was neither acceptable nor useful. No relapses were observed during a 12-month follow-up period after completion of the 4.5-month regimens. A relapse rate of 5% followed the 3-month regimen. The toxicity and side effects of antituberculous drugs were observed in 16% of patients during the initial 3-month period. In 3.4% of patients, toxicity necessitated cessation of treatment. In the remaining 13% of patients, adverse side effects could be managed without cessation of treatment. Even when patients were ambulatory and outpatient attendance was required for drug administration, the noncompliance rate was only approximately 10%. With the current over-all cost of drugs being limited to 100 United States dollars, the patients with moderately extensive disease must be treated for 100 days, or a maximum of 100 doses. PMID- 7283257 TI - Short-course (6-month) cooperative tuberculosis study in Poland: results 30 months after completion of treatment. AB - This final report compared the efficacy of four 6-month chemotherapy regimens 30 months after the completion of treatment. All patients received isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol daily in hospital for the first 8 wk of treatment. One group continued to receive these 3 drugs daily as outpatients for an additional 18 wk; a second group received the same drugs twice-weekly, and a third group received the 3 drugs once-weekly during the 18-wk "continuation phase." A fourth group of patients received 2 drugs, isoniazid and rifampin, twice-weekly during the continuation phase. Drug toxicity was not a major problem; drugs were permanently discontinued in only 1% of the patients. All 4 regimens were highly effective in achieving sputum negativity. However, the relapse rate was found to be relatively high for all regimens (range, 8 to 22%). PMID- 7283258 TI - Analysis of pressure profile in the occluded airway obtained at the beginning of inspiration in steady state hypercapnia. AB - Using the steady state CO2 response test, we measured inspiratory mouth occlusion pressure and ventilatory volume in 38 normal subjects. At each degree of hypercapnia, 5 occlusion trials were performed. Occlusion pressure (Pt) and the timed differentials (dp/dtt) measured at 0.025-s intervals from the onset of inspiration until 0.2 s, dp/dt at 1 cmH2O pressure (dp/dt1 cmH2O), and peak dp/dt (dp/dtpeak) were determined. To evaluate the usefulness of these indexes, coefficients of variation and correlation coefficients with VT, normalized VE (VN), PACO, and inspiratory flow without occlusion were calculated. Coefficients of variation in Pt decreased with time from the onset of inspiration, being lowest at P.2. In contrast, those for dp/dtt were lowest at 0.075 sec, and thereafter rapidly increased. Correlation coefficients between Pt and respiratory parameters were high (0.94 to 0.98) for most times except at the very beginning of inspiration. Those between dp/dt and respiratory parameters were somewhat lower (0.91 to 0.97). Correlation of tidal volume with occlusion pressure was poor, thus the occlusion analysis was considered inappropriate to evaluate tidal volume output. PMID- 7283259 TI - Chest wall mechanics and pattern of breathing during sleep in asthmatic adolescents. AB - The effect of sleep state on the ventilatory pattern and chest wall mechanics was studied in 8 asthmatic adolescents (mean age +/- SD, 13.6 +/- 1.3 yr) using a respiratory inductive plethysmograph and surface electromyogram (EMG) electrodes. During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep we observed a mean decrease of 43% in intercostal EMG activity. This was associated with paradoxical inward motion of the rib cage to the extent that the rib cage compartment contributed negatively to tidal volume. Accompanying the abnormal chest wall mechanics there was a mean increase of 45 +/- 38% in diaphragmatic EMG activity, as well as a substantial increase in abdominal contribution to tidal volume. However, despite the increased diaphragmatic activity, tidal volume decreased during REM sleep. The abnormal chest wall mechanics during REM sleep were also associated decreased mean inspiratory flow rates and prolongation of the duty cycle (TI/Ttot). The mean maximal decrease in hemoglobin oxygen saturation during sleep compared with that during wakefulness was 3.9%. PMID- 7283261 TI - Chemotaxins in cotton mill dust: possible etiologic agent(s) in byssinosis. AB - Through the application of a simplified in vitro assay for chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, potent chemotaxins have been found to exist in cotton mill dust extracts. These substances may be involved in the recruitment of cells to pulmonary surfaces and in the etiology of byssinosis in textile workers who inhale cotton dust. The chemotaxins were extracted from cotton dust with alkaline aqueous solution and purified by chromatography on paper and Sephadex G 25. The active agents were readily water-soluble, stable to heat at 100 degrees C in water, inactivated by hydrolytic conditions, anionic, nonfluorescent, and had molecular weights of 200 to 2,000 daltons. Lacinilene, a fluorescent component of cotton dust reported by others to be chemotactic, was excluded by these properties and did not stimulate migration of leukocytes obtained from a variety of animal species. Pluronic polyol F68, a polypropylene glycol used as a dispersing agent, was found to represent a new class of chemokinetic substances and may account for earlier reports of chemotactic activity of lacinilene. PMID- 7283260 TI - The failing inspiratory muscles under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. AB - The effects of hypoxemia on inspiratory muscle fatigue were assessed in 4 normal subjects. They breathed to exhaustion through high inspiratory resistances producing an inspiratory mouth pressure (Pm) of about 80% of maximal mouth pressure. The endurance time (tlim) during hypoxia (13% O2) was found to be shorter than that while breathing room air at equal inspiratory mouth pressures. Endurance time during hypoxia was also compared with that while breathing room air at equal rates of energy consumption (C), assuming that C is proportional to: Formula: (See Text). At these equal rates, endurance time during hypoxia still remained shorter than that during normoxia. Fatigue was also assessed by measuring the electromyographic power spectrum of the diaphragm and the parasternal intercostals. The power spectrum shifted towards low frequencies during fatigue and a greater rate of shift was observed under hypoxic conditions. The rate of lactate production during hypoxemia was greater than that during normoxia; however, blood lactate concentrations at the end of the tests were similar under both conditions. It was concluded that respiratory muscles, working against high inspiratory resistances, fall as pressure generators sooner during low oxygen breathing. The effect of low oxygen breathing on inspiratory muscle fatigue resulted in a shorter endurance time, a faster rate in the shift of the electromyographic power spectrum, and a greater rate of increase in blood lactate concentrations. PMID- 7283262 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a rheologically active glycoprotein fraction from pooled human sputum. AB - A rheologically active mucin fraction was isolated from pooled sputum and was shown to be free of any major protein contaminants. The procedure used allows the isolation to be carried out by a batch process so that sufficient material is available for extensive biochemical and biophysical studies. Because the separation was carried out using sputum, the purified material should prove suitable for the evaluation of drugs used in chronic obstructive airway disease. This paper describes the separation process in detail and the partial biochemical characterization of the mucin fraction. PMID- 7283263 TI - Does laryngeal noise contribute to the vesicular lung sound? AB - The precise sound sources that contribute to the vesicular lung sound heard on the chest wall have never been accurately determined. Current thinking favors the mainstem, lobar, and segmental airways as the principal sources contributing to the sound. The larynx has occasionally been said to be responsible for some or all of the vesicular sound, but its actual contribution has never been determined in humans. This study was designed around the hypothesis that, were the laryngeal noise to form an audible part of the vesicular sound heard on the chest wall during quiet breathing, the vesicular sound should get louder during voluntarily produced noisy breathing provided that the sounds are compared at approximately equal flow rates and lung volumes. In this study, sounds from the larynx and 4 sites on the chest wall were simultaneously recorded and displayed along with flow volume loops during quiet breathing and voluntarily produced noisy breathing without actual phonation in 3 healthy subjects. Although increases in amplitude of the laryngeal noise of severalfold were observed in both inspiration and expiration, the amplitude of the simultaneously recorded vesicular sound correlated only with flow rates and were completely unaffected by changes in laryngeal sound amplitude. This demonstrates that during quiet breathing in healthy subjects no detectable component of the laryngeal noise reaches the periphery. PMID- 7283264 TI - Late development of mediastinal calcification in sarcoidosis. AB - Calcification of mediastinal lymph nodes developed in more than 20% of 111 patients with sarcoidosis followed for 10 yr or more. Lymph node calcification appeared in most instances during the second or third decade after the onset of the disease, chiefly in patients who had both mediastinal adenopathy and pulmonary infiltrates. Pre-existent calcification attributable to tuberculosis or histoplasmosis was noted in less than 3% of patients. As a result of the decline in mycobacterial infection, sarcoidosis may be the most common cause of calcified mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes appearing in patients after the age of 30. PMID- 7283265 TI - The site of leukocyte migration through the tracheal mucosa in the guinea pig. AB - The tracheal mucosa of the guinea pig was examined using light microscopy, thin section, and freeze-fracture replicas with transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. These studies demonstrated that inflammatory cells en route to the mucosal surface migrate through the epithelium in file through solitary openings rather than randomly between epithelial cells. The fact that leukocytes migrate through these openings rather than randomly between epithelial cells has important implications. First, it provides a pathway for circulating cells to gain access to the surface of the airway where they can function as the first line of defense against inhaled material. Second, the movement of leukocytes through specified pathways rather than randomly between cells minimizes the number of openings required for cell transit so that fluid and solute movement can be more tightly controlled. Third, the prevention of random migration may also be important in minimizing the contact between the migratory cells and the epithelial sensory nerve net. PMID- 7283267 TI - A radiographic method for measuring steady-state functional residual capacity in the supine patient. A method suitable for sleep studies. AB - We have devised a method to measure functional residual capacity (FRC) in the recumbent, spontaneously breathing patient. Simultaneous anteroposterior and lateral chest radiographs were exposed at the end of an exhalation, as determined by tracings of flow sensed by a nasal thermistor. The volume of the lungs was then planimetrically measured. Functional residual capacity was sequentially measured in 20 supine subjects, both by a helium dilution technique and by the radiographic technique. Planimetric measurement of FRC correlated well with the helium dilution technique, with a range of FRC measurements from 1.53 to 6.41 L (r = 0.94). This method of measuring lung volume should be useful in evaluating changes in FRC associated with different sleep stages and in explaining the mechanisms causing nocturnal oxygen desaturation in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 7283266 TI - Deposition of pressurized suspension aerosols inhaled through extension devices. AB - Only a small fraction of the dose from a pressurized aerosol inhaler reaches the lung, because most is deposited on the upper airways by inertial impaction. We have investigated the effects on aerosol deposition of two spacer devices (a 10 cm tube and a 22-cm cone) by incorporating teflon particles (mass median aerodynamic diameter, 3.2 micrometer) labeled with 99mTc into pressurized canisters. Ten subjects with obstructive airway disease inhaled the aerosol in a controlled manner from a conventional actuator alone or in combination with the tube or the cone. Radioaerosol distribution was measured using a shadowshield whole body counter. Deposition on the conducting airways was significantly improved by both spacers, but alveolar deposition was unchanged. Initial oropharyngeal deposition was reduced by both spacers in all 10 patients. We conclude that the spacer devices may have a role to play in aerosol therapy by increasing drug availability to the lung, while at the same time decreasing unwanted drug deposition in the oropharynx. PMID- 7283268 TI - Flow cytometry analysis of lung cells from normal and acid-treated rabbits. AB - Lavaged lung cells from normal rabbits and rabbits given hydrochloric acid intratracheally were analyzed using flow cytometry techniques. The rabbit alveolar macrophage was characterized as a cell with relatively high light scatter and high intrinsic autofluorescence compared with the lung neutrophil with its lower light scatter and autofluorescence. The flow cytometry characteristics of these 2 cell populations were confirmed with light microscopy after cell sorting. A flow cytometry analysis of alveolar macrophage phagocytosis using fluorescent latex particles was applied to normal rabbit alveolar macrophages. These studies showed that flow cytometry can be used to study the morphologic features and function of rabbit lavage lung cell populations and may be ultimately useful in the analysis of human lung cells. PMID- 7283269 TI - Airway responsiveness to inhaled mediators: relationship to epithelial thickness and secretory cell number. AB - Naturally occurring variations in airway responsiveness to inhaled mediators were correlated with various anatomic indexes thought to be related to airway responsiveness. Specifically, the airways of 2 relatively unresponsive and 3 relatively responsive dogs were compared in terms of epithelial thickness, secretory cell number, smooth muscle thickness, and airway mucous gland number and size. More responsive dogs were found to have thinner epithelium and higher secretory cell counts than less responsive dogs. No significant differences between the 2 groups were noted with respect to smooth muscle thickness or mucous gland number and size. Although these observations identify an association between these anatomic features and airway responsiveness, it does not imply a causal relationship. PMID- 7283270 TI - Hazel elephant is dead (of tuberculosis) PMID- 7283271 TI - Collagen concentration and rates of synthesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 7283272 TI - Spontaneous lysis of mycetomas after acute cavitating lung disease. PMID- 7283273 TI - Reduction of morbidity after radical mastectomy. AB - In spite of all the conflicting literature concerning carcinoma of the breast, there has been little data available on the very common problem of postmastectomy skin flap necrosis. Other than age, the dominant predisposing factor appears to be the type of incision employed. Transverse incisions are associated with a significantly lower incidence of skin flap necrosis. The incidence of postmastectomy lymphedema is increased after adjuvant irradiation and in patients who have had skin flap necrosis. These data will hopefully be of practical use to the surgeon performing mastectomy, as an aid in reducing postoperative morbidity. PMID- 7283274 TI - A rational approach to carcinoma of the tongue. PMID- 7283275 TI - Treatment of chylous ascites with peritoneo-venous shunt. PMID- 7283276 TI - Evaluation of cholangeographic procedures in diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. AB - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with external bile drainage and a combined method utilizing both procedures were evaluated in 187 patients with obstructive jaundice. Ductal obstructive regions were located in 90 per cent of cases by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, and 55 per cent of these were correctly diagnosed. Complications were observed in 7.9 per cent with a mortality rate of 2.9 per cent. The most serious complication was cholangitic sepsis. By percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with external bile drainage, ductal obstructive regions were correctly located in 82 per cent, 37 per cent of these patients were correctly diagnosed. Complications occurred in 9.2 per cent with a mortality rate of 1.5 per cent. The most serious complication was massive bleeding. Successful external bile drainage could be obtained in most cases. The combined method overcomes the disadvantages of the single methods and the cause of obstructive jaundice can be diagnosed more precisely. The surgeon has a better knowledge of the type and the extent of the lesion prior to definitive surgery and can operate more safely on patients with obstructive jaundiced when the serum total bilirubin, has decreased to a level below 5 mg/dl. PMID- 7283277 TI - Aortic valve replacement with a track valve. PMID- 7283278 TI - Superior vena caval thrombosis as a complication of peritoneovenous shunt in malignancy. PMID- 7283279 TI - Trends in the relationship between sex and psychological distress: 1957-1976. PMID- 7283281 TI - The thermodynamics of lysozyme denaturation by urea. Characterization of an unfolding intermediate by absorption spectrophotometry in the far and middle ultraviolet region. PMID- 7283280 TI - Interaction of urea with lysozyme: study by the far and middle ultraviolet region absorption spectra. AB - The interaction of urea with lysozyme was studied in the 192-240 nm spectral region by spectrophotometry. The far and middle ultraviolet protein bands records undergo a non-linear "red shift" and "hypochromic effect" under urea titration. These spectral shifts are interpreted basically in terms of decreasing in molar absorptivity due to the binding of the denaturant with the protein chromophores. Two interaction mechanisms with different chromophores involvement are characterized. One of them is noncooperative and its is evidenced by the analysis either of the red shift or of the hypochromic effect showed by the protein far ultraviolet records in urea up to 2 M. This noncooperative effect is represented by two different and independent classes of binding sites in which the tryptophan side chain and the amide peptide bond unit are involved. The calculated stoichiometric constants give the values of 4.61 M-1 for K1 and of 0.078 M-1 for K2, while the site binding constants have the values of 0.852 M-1 for K1 and 0.086 M-1 for K2. The other mechanism which is detected by the middle U.V. band analysis of the protein in urea concentration up to 8 M shows high cooperativity (Hill coefficient of 2.56). Also in this case, tryptophan residues are involved in the binding process. No significant light-scattering influence on absorption measurements is found. PMID- 7283282 TI - [Use of natural sources in the preparation of biologically active compounds. II: Anti-inflammatory agents]. AB - In order to improve the knowledge on the natural sources of Brazilian florae, a research program is in course for the preparation of different groups of compounds which could have biological activity using abundant Natural Products as starting materials. This paper deals with work and results in the synthesis of anti-inflammatory analogs. PMID- 7283284 TI - [Cholesterol content and distribution in cord blood plasma (author's transl)]. AB - Mean concentration of total cholesterol, measured in 156 samples of cord blood plasma, determined according to the method of Huang et al. was 70.5 mg./dl. (SD +/- 14.7). This value is comparable to that obtained by other authors in different countries. Concentration of cholesterol corresponding to the high density lipoprotein (HDL) was measured by precipitating with Heparin and Mn++, in 141 samples of cord blood plasma. Mean concentration was 31.2 mg. of HDL cholesterol per dl of plasma (SD +/- 9.0). This value represents 45.5% (SD +/- 13.0) of total cholesterol, and it is also similar to that reported by others. These results indicate, therefore, that total cholesterol concentration and its distribution among the lipoprotein fractions are practically the same for all the population samples so far examined. PMID- 7283283 TI - [Intracranial arteriovenous malformations in childhood. A revision of 25 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical features of A-V intracranial malformations during infancy, childhood and adolescence are reviewed on this series of 25 less-than-15-years-old patients. Great cirsoid malformations (2 cases) and aneurysms of the vein of Galen (2 cases) may cause diffuse brain-steal-ischaemia, hydrocephalus and congestive heart failure in early ages, event at birth. The clinical manifestations of brain angiomas rather begin from the fifth year of life. Little sized angiomas cause preferentially intracranial haemorrhagic attacks (17 of 21 cases in this series). Middle sized racemic angiomas cause focal seizures and/or focal neurologic signs. In 5 patients an intracranial bruit of a great diagnostic value was present. Combining brain radioisotopic studies, brain C.A.T. and angiography near 100% of intracranial A-V malformations can be diagnosed early after clinical suspicion. PMID- 7283285 TI - [Intravenous brain angioscintigraphy and brain death (author's transl)]. AB - Intravenous brain angioscintigraphy in combination with immediate static scan are very useful as a complement to the clinical and electroencephalographic data in diagnosis of brain death. Confusion in the differentiation of extracerebral from intracerebral flow on the dynamic radionuclide angiogram can be accomplished by identifying presence or absence of uptake in cerebral sinuses. Authors consider that the radionuclide study should be carried out in posterior view. Exploration is safe, quick to perform and easy to interpret and it enables to distinguish brain death from comas due to drug intoxication. PMID- 7283286 TI - [Oral clonidine test for growth hormone release (author's transl)]. AB - Serum growth hormone (GH) was determined in 15 children (three with normal height, one with pituitary dwarfism, and eleven with short stature without endocrinological disturb) after oral clonidine load of 0,15 mg/m2 S.A. Significant GH increase was observed, as other authors have reported. Authors findings confirm that clonidine is a potent stimulus for growth hormone release, without relevant side effects. In two children with short stature without endocrinological disturb, there was a partial failure to increase GH in response to clonidine. Authors conclude that confirmation of GH deficiency in the case of failure to respond to oral clonidine test requires one other stimulation test. PMID- 7283287 TI - [Neonatal appendicitis. Presentation of three cases (author's transl)]. AB - Authors present three patients with acute appendicitis developed during the first month of life. Up to 1975 they found only 106 cases described in the Spanish, French and English literature. The rarity of this pathology together with extreme difficulty in clinical and radiological diagnosis, usually produces a delay of treatment with logical increase of mortality. Their three patients were operated through laparotomy and one through right herniography. None of them had intestinal aganglionosis. PMID- 7283288 TI - [Primary hyperlipoproteinemia in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Type V hyperlipoproteinemia is an unusual entity in children. Only 6 cases have been described so far to our knowledge. Authors present a 9 year old male that came for diagnosis of a hepatosplenomegaly. There was no evidence of abdominal pain, xanthomas or pancreatitis. Secondary disorders such as uncontrolled insulinopenic diabetes mellitus, glycogen storage disease, administration of estrogen compounds, nephrotic syndrome or uremia, and dysglobulinemias were excluded. His father presented the same lipoprotein pattern suggesting a dominant mode of inheritance. The administration of heparin showed a good response of serum proteinlipase. PMID- 7283289 TI - [Neurologic involvement in "incontinentia pigmenti" (Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome). Report of three cases (author's transl)]. AB - "Incontinentia pigmenti" its a rare familial disorder of unknown origin characterized by a distinctive dermatosis, almost exclusive occurrence in females, and developmental abnormalities that affect hair, eyes, teeth and central nervous system. 30.5% of cases described in the world literature had notable C.N.S. disease. Authors report three cases of I.P. in pathognomonic pigmented stage and with severe neurologic involvement. In two cases pneumoencephalography show severe cerebral cortical atrophy. Patients had motor and mental retardation, abnormal E.E.G. and one of them a West syndrome. The third case died at the age of three months, and neuropathological examination of the brain revealed porencephalic lesions. PMID- 7283290 TI - Salicylate-induced pulmonary edema. Clinical features and prognosis. AB - To assess the course and prognosis of salicylate-induced pulmonary edema, we reviewed the records of 36 consecutive patients admitted with serum salicylate levels greater than 30 mg/dL. Pulmonary edema developed in eight patients, and pulmonary infiltrates were never seen in 28 patients. Several features distinguished the two patient groups. Persons with pulmonary edema were older, ingested salicylates chronically, and had a history of smoking. They also were more likely to present with neurologic abnormalities. proteinuria, and serum salicylate levels greater than 40 mg/dL. The severity of pulmonary edema ranged from moderate (no assisted ventilation) to severe (characteristics of adult respiratory distress syndrome requiring assisted ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure). Pulmonary edema resolved concomitant with a decline in serum salicylate levels. We conclude that certain patients are at increased risk for salicylate pulmonary edema, which responds to measures that lower serum salicylate levels. PMID- 7283291 TI - Exercise-triggered paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. A repetitive rhythmic activity possibly related to afterdepolarization. AB - Electrophysiologic study, isoproterenol infusion, and serial treadmill exercise tests before and after administration of propranolol, verapamil, lidocaine, and procainamide were done in three patients with exercise-triggered ventricular tachycardia. In all three patients, organic heart diseases were absent. Ventricular tachycardia was reproducibly provoked with exercise and with isoproterenol infusion. Propranolol (tested in three patients) and lidocaine (tested in two patients) effectively prevented exercise provocation of tachycardia. Verapamil terminated tachycardia in all three patient and successfully prevented exercise provocation of tachycardia in only two patients. Procainamide was ineffective in one patient and was partially effective in two patients. In the latter two patients, ventricular ectopies, couplets, and short salvos remained provocable with exercise. Electrical stimulations with incremental ventricular pacing and ventricular extrastimulus testing failed to induce tachycardia in all three patients. These findings strongly suggest that repetitive rhythmic activities related to the catecholamine-sensitive afterdepolarizations are probably responsible for the exercise-triggered ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7283294 TI - Clinical features of types A and B food-borne botulism. AB - Medical records of 55 patients with type A and type B food-borne botulism reported to the Centers for Disease Control during 2 years were reviewed to assess the clinical features and severity of illness, diagnostic test results, nature of complications, amd causes of death. Some patients had features not usually associated with botulism including paresthesia (14%), asymmetric extremely weakness (17%), asymmetric ptosis (8%), slightly elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein values (14%), and positive responses to edrophonium chloride(26%). Several observation suggest that type A was more severe than type B disease. Although the case-fatality ratio was not significantly greater, patients with type A disease saw a physician earlier in the course of illness, were more likely to need ventilatory support, and were hospitalized longer. Patients who died were older than those who survived. Deaths within the first 2 weeks resulted from failure to recognized the severity of the disease or from pulmonary or systemic infection whereas the three late deaths were related to respirator malfunction. PMID- 7283292 TI - Family studies of hypergastrinemic, hyperpepsinogenemic I duodenal ulcer. AB - Antral G-cell hyperfunction is a rare cause of hypergastrinemia, hyperchlorhydria, and duodenal ulcer disease. We found evidence for a familial basis for this disorder. The probands were two young men with aggressive duodenal ulcer who had basal and postprandial hypergastrinemia, hyperpepsinogenemia I, and basal and pentagastrin-stimulated hyperchlorhydria. All characteristics returned to normal after antrectomy and vagotomy. Antral gastrin concentrations and quantitative G-cell counts were normal, indicating hyperfunction of G-cells rather than hyperplasia. Four of 10 first-degree relatives of the two patients shared with them the combination of postprandial hypergastrinemia and hyperpepsinogenemia I. The aggregation of these abnormalities in tow families, each identified by a proband with hypergastrinemic, hyperpepsinogenemic l duodenal ulcer, suggests that antral G-cell hyperfunction may have a genetic basis. PMID- 7283293 TI - Thyroid disease in progressive systemic sclerosis: increased frequency of glandular fibrosis and hypothyroidism. AB - A series of patients with fatal progressive systemic sclerosis was reviewed with regard to pathologic, clinical, and serologic evidence of thyroid disease. Histologic evidence of severe fibrosis of the thyroid gland was found significantly more frequently in 56 progressive systemic sclerosis cases (14%) compared to an age and sex matched control autopsy series (2%) from the same institution. Based on determination of serum free thyroxine, free triiodothyroxine (T3), thyroid stimulating hormone, and reverse T3, 27 patients were classified as euthyroid (11), euthyroid sick (9), and hypothyroid (7). Patients with hypothyroidism more frequently had subcutaneous calcinosis. Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal hypomotility, sclerodactyly, and multiple telangiectasias (the CREST syndrome variant of progressive systemic sclerosis); all thyroid glands from the hypothyroid patients had fibrosis, but lymphocytic infiltration was an infrequent finding. Six hypothyroid patients had high titers of serum antithyroid antibodies, suggesting autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid gland fibrosis and hypothyroidism, possibly of autoimmune pathogenesis, are thus frequent and often unsuspected findings in progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 7283295 TI - Gastric and small intestinal myoelectric dysrhythmia associated with chronic intractable nausea and vomiting. AB - We describe a patient with symptoms of severe nausea, vomiting, epigastric bloating and pain, and marked weight loss due to a gastrointestinal motility disturbance. Motility abnormalities were characterized by uncoordinated high pressure (as high as 300 mm Hg) contractions and uncoordinated interdigestive motor complexes in the duodenum and small intestine, and tachygastria often associated with tachyarrhythmia in the gastric myoelectric activity recordings. Uncoordinated interdigestive myoelectric complexes again were found in the duodenum and small intestine. These abnormal myoelectric activities observed in the in-vivo study were confirmed in the in-vitro study. After distal hemigastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy, the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain decreased considerably. Thus, the motility abnormality found in the study appears to be responsible for the symptoms described. This is probably a new clinical entity. The importance of manometric and myoelectric study of a gastrointestinal motility for unexplained nausea and vomiting is emphasized. PMID- 7283297 TI - Cholestasis and toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with phenytoin sodium ingestion: the role of bile duct injury. PMID- 7283296 TI - Acute pulmonary disease caused by phenytoin. AB - Acute pulmonary disease may occur as part of the hypersensitivity angitis produced by phenytoin sodium. The clinical features of the pulmonary involvement are fever, dyspnea, hypoxemia, and bilateral radiographic infiltrates. The pathologic process is an interstitial pneumonitis that appears reversible with cessation of the drug and treatment with corticosteroids. PMID- 7283300 TI - Vancomycin Ototoxicity in patient with normal renal function. PMID- 7283299 TI - Penicillamine-induced neuropathy in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7283301 TI - Underrepresentation of women in new drug trials. AB - Young women serve less frequently than young men as subjects in premarketing clinical drug trials. Moral, legal, and medical implications of this underrepresentation of women are considered. Risks of medical harm to female patients can increase because medication is withheld. Also, risks of toxicity increase when women receive certain new drugs only in the postmarketing phase. Remedies to increase participation of young, nonpregnant women in clinical trials are discussed. PMID- 7283298 TI - Thyroxine therapy in hypothyroid patients undergoing coronary revascularization: A retrospective analysis. PMID- 7283302 TI - Intracoronary thrombolysis in evolving myocardial infarction. PMID- 7283304 TI - Peptic ulcer heterogeneity and clinical implications. PMID- 7283303 TI - Coronary artery spasm, coronary artery thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. PMID- 7283305 TI - Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and bacterial infections during leukemia therapy. PMID- 7283306 TI - Research needed on preventive health services. PMID- 7283307 TI - Salt, natriuretic hormone, and hypertension. PMID- 7283309 TI - Heparin treatment of deep venous thrombosis without venography. PMID- 7283310 TI - Prevention of nosocomial varicella zoster disease. PMID- 7283308 TI - Echocardiography and paradoxical embolism. PMID- 7283311 TI - Tuberculosis prophylaxis with isoniazid. PMID- 7283312 TI - Isoniazid-rifampin regimens for tuberculosis. PMID- 7283313 TI - Tuberculosis in an elderly population. PMID- 7283315 TI - Germ cell cancers. PMID- 7283314 TI - Doxorubicin toxicity. PMID- 7283316 TI - Ketoacid salts in portal-systemic encephalopathy. PMID- 7283317 TI - Hepatitis B virus and cryoglobulinemia. PMID- 7283318 TI - Alcoholic downbeat nystagmus. PMID- 7283319 TI - Retinal functions in snowflake degeneration. AB - Retinal functions were studied in 7 patients with snowflake degeneration and correlated with fundus appearance. Despite the presence of vitreous turbidity, scotomatic glare sensitivity was slightly elevated in only one case. Retinal functions were affected more extensively in the late stages of the disease; however, abnormal retinal functions were also detected in some patients who showed only slight fundus changes on ophthalmoscopic examination. Kinetic perimetry showed peripheral defects which were more pronounced in the upper field. Flicker perimetry revealed abnormalities that kinetic perimetry could not detect. Dark-adaptation tests showed elevated rod thresholds except during the early stage of the disease. In all patients, the scotopic b-wave of the electroretinogram elicited by dim white light was low in amplitude. The photopic b-wave and the photopic flicker responses showed decreased amplitudes in some patients. The scotopic b-wave, normally recorded as a second positive peak when deep red light is used, almost disappeared, leaving only a small, single positive peak, photopic in nature, in the late stages. However, no patient had a nonrecordable electroretinogram. The electro-oculographic light peak/dark trough ratio was abnormal in only a few patients. These results indicate that in snowflake degeneration, functional abnormalities of the retina are milder than those in other progressive primary retinal degenerations typically represented by retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 7283320 TI - Wagner's vitreoretinal degeneration. AB - Four members of a black family with findings of Wagner's vitreoretinal degeneration are described in this paper. All present with the classical findings of an optically clear vitreous and pigment abnormalities of the fundus varying from fine perivascular to dense peripheral pigment clumping. In addition, the characteristic associated findings of high myopia, gluccoma, presenile cataract formation, choroidal atrophy, and retinal detachment are documented. To our knowledge, we believe these to be the first cases of Wagner's disease to be presented in a nonwhite pedigree. PMID- 7283322 TI - Mydriatic effect of phenylephrine 10% (aq) vs phenylephrine 2.5% (aq). AB - Pupil dilation from commercially available phenylephrine compounds was studied in a group of 11 subjects. Phenylephrine 10% (aq) did not produce significantly more mydriasis than phenylephrine 2.5% (aq) in the general population (P less than 0.05). This suggests that phenylephrine 2.5% can be used instead of phenylephrine 10% for diagnostic dilation. PMID- 7283323 TI - Eyelid edema as the presenting sign in superior vena cava syndrome. PMID- 7283324 TI - Optic nerve hypoplasia with hyperthyroidism and third nerve palsy. PMID- 7283325 TI - Significance of changes in the contour of the optic nerve cup with acute IOP elevation. PMID- 7283321 TI - Bilateral choroidal melanomas: a case report. PMID- 7283327 TI - Vitreous surgery as a supplement to cataract surgery. AB - In a series of 357 cases, vitreous surgery instruments were employed via a pars plana approach for supplementation of cataract surgery. The most frequent use was for supplementation of primary cataract surgery, either to correct vitreous loss or for performance of posterior capsulectomy. Other frequent indications included secondary cataract ("after-cataract"), retro-implant membrane, and PHPV. Improved vision was obtained in 84.3%, excluding cases in which the vitreous surgery was combined with primary cataract extraction. The complication rate was low, the most frequent problem being the presence of symptomatic cystoid macular edema in 9.2% of cases. PMID- 7283326 TI - Local anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery: patient preparation and management. AB - Many ophthalmic procedures are performed in elderly patients who have serious concurrent disease. Local anesthesia with sedation can be a safe, advantageous method of management. Uneventful ophthalmic surgery under local anesthesia depends on proper patient selection, preparation, and perioperative management. Patients should understand the procedures and be cooperative. Preparation includes a through medical evaluation. Medical problems must be stable and appropriately managed. The goal of premedication is to have a calm, cooperative patient. Narcotic and an antiemetic sedative such as either promethazine, hydroxyzine, or droperidol should be given according to age and weight. A benzodiazepine may be added for amnesia and anxiolytic effect. Naloxone or physostigmine are available to specificity reverse the effects of narcotics or benzodiazepines, respectively. Awareness of the toxicity and limitations of local anesthetics is important for their safe use. PMID- 7283329 TI - Bilateral retinal arterial macroaneurysms. PMID- 7283328 TI - Gold implant to upper eyelid for correction of lagophthalmos. PMID- 7283330 TI - [Numerical analysis of ocular movements in brain stem lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283331 TI - [Anterior rhinomanometry and intranasal challenge tests. Technique and results in 270 cases. Usefulness for the aetiological diagnosis of vasomotor rhinitis (author's transl)]. AB - Nasal response to a large number of stimuli is almost invariably the same, with sneezing, watery rhinorrhoea and nasal obstruction constituting the three major conventional symptoms of the so-called vasomotor (autonomic) rhinitis. These symptoms are not specific to allergic reactions but can be seen in viral infections, sudden changes in temperature, inhalation of irritant fumes or of certain smells. The aetiological diagnosis of vasomotor rhinitis therefore is sometimes very difficult but seems to be greatly facilitated by intranasal challenge tests associated with anterior rhinomanometry. PMID- 7283332 TI - [Kanamycin-induced lesions of the stria vascularis: preliminary results of an electrophysiological and ultrastructural study (author's transl)]. AB - Ten guinea-pigs were treated with kanamycin 400 mg/kg for a 10-day period. Electrophysiological investigations were carried out, and the animals were killed one month after the end of the treatment for electron microscope study of the second turn of the cochlear spiral. The microphonic potential was considerably reduced, and the stria vascularis was the seat of lysosomal inclusions in the marginal and intermediate cells associated with myeloid bodies in the vascular endothelium. There was a gradient of lysosomal catabolic residues, probably lipoproteins, from the vascular sector to the cochlear canal; some of these products passed into the cochlear canal. Alterations of the hair cells in the second spire appeared to be minimal. It is hypothesized that damage to the stria vascularis precedes damage to the hair cells. PMID- 7283333 TI - [Carcinoma of a nasopharynx. Apropos of 42 cases treated between 1968 and 1977]. AB - As reporting 42 cases of carcinoma of the nasopharynx, the main characteristics of these tumors which are different of the other carcinomas of the head and neck are exposed. In this series, there are 31 men and 11 women with ages between 13 and 75. The diagnosis was late (80% of palpable lymph nodes and 40% with bone invasion or nerve palsy at diagnosis). The radiocurability is good even for big tumors. The actuarial crude survival is 39% at 5 years (50% of local control at 2 years). 40% of the deaths are due to metastatic disease. It seems that in certain cases, a systematic chemotherapy could be useful. PMID- 7283337 TI - [Comparative values of unilateral and bilateral caloric bithermal vestibular tests in the diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Acoustic neurinomas must be diagnosed as early as possible for the tumour to be removed while it is still small and the facial and, sometimes, auditory functions to be preserved. Since 89% of neurinomas lie on the vestibular nerve, enhancing the sensitivity of test exploring this nerve is important. Bilateral bithermal caloric stimulation is more sensitive (85%) than unilateral stimulation (71%) in detecting functional impairment. By comparing the two examinations in a series of 28 patients the authors have demonstrated that the test is more sensitive and reliable when bilateral and unilateral stimulation are practised successively. A study of correlations between these tests and the volume of the neurinoma showed that while functional impairment generally increases with the size of the tumour, it may vary from nil to 100% in small neurinomas. However, the sensitivity of the caloric test remains inferior to that of more sophisticated audiometric techniques, such as BERA-recording of stapedial reflex. PMID- 7283335 TI - [Treatment of bilateral laryngeal abductor paralysis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on their treatment of 39 patients with bilateral laryngeal abductor paralysis, observed over a 10-year period. Medical treatment was given in 5 cases, and tracheotomy was performed in 5. Ten patients underwent endoscopic surgery with very good results in 7. Arytenoidopexy was carried out by the extra laryngeal route in 19 cases with 16 excellent results. PMID- 7283336 TI - [14th meeting of the French Society of Cervico-facial Oncology. Malignant cervical adenopathies. Abstracts]. PMID- 7283334 TI - [Dacryocystorhinostomy using the endonasal approach (author's transl)]. AB - Recent progress in microsurgery has led to a reappraisal of the endonasal approach to the lacrymal sac. The lacrymal duct is located in the orbito-nasal septum and is visible in the anterior part of the middle meatus. A technique is described which was applied in 20 cases, with one complete failure and two temporary failures, the patients having been successfully operated upon a second time. PMID- 7283338 TI - [Recent advances concerning diabetes mellitus in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283339 TI - [Inheritance of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in relation to the HLA system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283340 TI - [Severe hepatitis B in a 3 month-old infant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283342 TI - [Abnormal pulmonary artery arising from the ascending aorta. Seven case-reports (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283341 TI - [Niemann-Pick disease with visceral involvement only. A case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283343 TI - [Value of a new feeding formula in common acute diarrhea in infancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283345 TI - [Cutaneous hypersensitivity tests in guinea pig of lanolin and derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283346 TI - [Evaluation of antibacterial properties of marigold flowers (Calendula officinalis L.) and mother homeopathic tinctures of C. officinalis L. and C. arvensis L. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283348 TI - [Physico-chemical study of diazepam and hydrophilic excipients interaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283344 TI - [Incidence of bacterial infections in Zairese children with sickle cell anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283347 TI - [Pharmaceutical use of some activated bentonites (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283350 TI - [On anticonvulsive properties of ethyl phenyl allophanate (SCS 35), (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283349 TI - [Electrochemical behavior of phenothiazine in 90% dimethylsulfoxyde-10% water. Analytical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283351 TI - [African medicinal plants. III. Study of antitussive action of Combretum glutinosum Per.,]. PMID- 7283352 TI - [Alkaloids of Monimia rotundifolia pet.-th.; preparation of laurotetanine derived compounds with antiarrhythmic properties (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283353 TI - [Research of antifungal activity from several active principle extracts from climbing-ivy: Hedera helix L (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283354 TI - [Present methods of diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283355 TI - [Clinical, ECG, radiological and etiological aspects of acute pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283357 TI - [Clinical treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283356 TI - [Present methods of diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283358 TI - [Surgery of pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283359 TI - [Primary infective endocarditis of the aortic orifice. Intensive care. Clinical, pathological and therapeutic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283361 TI - [Echo bidimensional and acquired valvulopathies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283360 TI - [Wolff-Parkinson-White syndromes associated with right bundle branch block. Vectorcardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283363 TI - [Hemodynamic study of (nicergoline) about left ventricular heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283362 TI - [Indirect evaluation of effort angina. Automatic and traditional analysis of the ST segment, the amplitude of the R wave and thallium scintiscanning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283364 TI - An assessment of radioimmunoassay procedures for determination of anti acetylcholine receptor antibodies in the sera of patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - A reproducible radioimmunoassay procedure for the determination of anti acetylcholine receptor antibodies in the sera of patients with myasthenia gravis is described and examined in detail. The assay combines features of a number of methods previously outlined and allows repeat determinations of antibody titre in a given myasthenic serum sample with coefficient of variation 6%. The mean +/- standard deviation for normal human serum anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies was found by this procedure to be 0.024 +/- 0.033 nmol/l alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites whereas the range for myasthenic patients was 0-139.14 nmol/l with a mean value of 7.55 nmol/l alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites. PMID- 7283365 TI - Gel isoelectric focusing and IgG index for demonstration of intrathecal IgG synthesis in neurological disorders. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were obtained from 37 patients with multiple sclerosis and from 112 patients with various other neurological diseases, and the concentrations of IgG and albumin were quantitated immunochemically. Simultaneously, isoelectric focusing (IF) was carried out for the detection of CSF-specific oligoclonal bands in the alkaline region. CSF-specific components were found in 51 patients by IF, the estimated number of which correlated significantly (Rs = 0.733, p less than 0.0001) with the value of the IgG index. In addition, six patients without CSF-specific abnormalities on IF had an increased IgG index (greater than 0.70). In two of them this increase is, in all probability, false-positive; three others showed fully identical IF bands in both CSF and serum. On the other hand, 13 of the same 51 patients showed a normal IgG index (less than 0.70) although CSF-specific components were detectable on IF. These results confirm the superiority of IF over the immunochemical quantitation of albumin and total IgG for the evaluation of immune reactivity in the central nervous system. PMID- 7283366 TI - Free radical oxidation (peroxidation)products in plasma in normal and abnormal pregnancy. AB - Using recently developed methods for measuring free-radical oxidation products in biological material, plasma extracts were studied in 24 women in the first two trimesters of pregnancy, in 124 women in the third trimester of pregnancy, in 20 women with pre-eclamptic toxaemia (PET), and in a control group. There was a significant progressive rise of two groups of free-radical oxidation products throughout pregnancy and a significantly greater rise in PET. In women whose diastolic blood pressure rose to above 70 mmHg there was a highly significant relation between two groups of free-radical reaction products and blood pressure. PMID- 7283367 TI - Radioimmunoassay of oestriol in the urine of non-pregnant women. AB - A radioimmunoassay for oestriol in the urine of non-pregnant women is described. Urine is hydrolysed rapidly at room temperature with an E. coli glucuronidase preparation and extracted prior to a simple radioimmunoassay procedure. An antiserum raised against oestriol-6-(O-carboxymethyl) oxime bovine serum albumin is used with (3H)-oestriol as tracer. Free and antibody-bound fractions are separated by partition between ammonium sulphate solution and scintillant without centrifugation. The accuracy and precision of the assay are satisfactory. It gave values approximately 80% of those obtained for total oestrogens by a fluorimetric method. PMID- 7283368 TI - A computer-based laboratory record system in an endocrinology laboratory. AB - A computer-based system for maintaining cumulative laboratory result records is described. The system is also intended to help in the organisation of laboratory work schedules. The system has been in use for over a year and has proved to be successful in improving the service offered by the laboratory. PMID- 7283370 TI - Assay of glycosylated haemoglobin using agar electrophoresis. AB - A fast electrophoretic method for measuring glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) is described. Eight samples per cell can be assayed in a single run. Results are compatible with those found by macro-column cation-exchange chromatography; precision is good. The practical short-comings of the commercially ready-made mini-column chromatographic procedures are not seen using this method. PMID- 7283369 TI - Evaluation of the polyethylene glycol precipitation method for the estimation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. AB - Treatment of fresh sera with polyethylene glycol 6000 at a final concentration of 100 g/l produced selective precipitation of low-density lipoproteins with only traces of contamination with high-density lipoproteins, as determined by electroimmunoassay using antisera to human alpha1-lipoprotein and human beta lipoprotein. Supernatants collected for high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol estimation were free from low-density lipoproteins. Precipitates sedimented readily from specimens with high triglyceride contents, and secondary precipitation during enzymatic cholesterol determinations was absent. Values obtained by this method correlated well with those obtained by precipitation of low-density lipoproteins with heparin and manganous ions at concentrations optimal for discrete of lipoprotein classes (r = 0.975; p less than 0.001). PMID- 7283371 TI - Possible effect of bilirubin concentration on the in-vitro lability of creatine kinase during storage. PMID- 7283373 TI - Changes in serum ferritin levels after intravenous iron. AB - The effect of intravenous iron dextran on serum ferritin levels was observed in two patients with iron deficiency anaemia. Serum ferritin levels rose sharply and reached peak levels seven to nine days after infusion when at least 90% of the infused iron had been removed from the plasma. A linear relation was shown for each patient between the logarithm of the serum ferritin levels and the logarithm of the calculated cellular non-haem iron levels. PMID- 7283372 TI - Whither automation? PMID- 7283374 TI - A technique for the objective assessment of routine analytical methods in clinical laboratories using pattern recognition. AB - A technique is presented to assess objectively the reliability of analytical methods used routinely in clinical laboratories. From the Netherlands National Coupled External/Internal Quality Control Programme information can be gathered about the performance of routine analytical methods. The performance of a method in a trial is described by four 'features': the accuracy of a method; its day to day precision; its susceptibility to give erroneous results (eg, extreme bias, drift, extreme week-to-week variations); and its susceptibility to give systematic errors for different laboratories. These four features obtained in a trial for a given analytical method determine the position of a 'pattern' in the four-dimensional space. The results of six trials discussed in this paper provided six 'patterns' per analytical method. Using pattern recognition techniques, clusters of patterns were detected in the four-dimensional space. A weighting procedure revealed the relative importance of the various features for discrimination between the detected clusters. For various blood components, different features are of importance for this discrimination. Patterns belonging to the same clusters appeared to be patterns of the same (or comparable) analytical methods; thus analytical methods could be distinguished from each other. The means of the feature values of the patterns in a cluster determine the quality of that cluster. Thus the quality of an analytical method can be objectively assessed. Some tentative conclusions on the validity of analytical methods are given. PMID- 7283376 TI - A chromatographic method for measuring haemoglobin A1: comparison with two commercial kits. PMID- 7283377 TI - Simple filter paper method for home monitoring of blood glucose, lactate, and 3 hydroxybutyrate. AB - Previous methods for assessing the control of diabetes at home have concentrated on the measurement of glucose concentrations in urine and, more recently, blood. These levels reflect only one aspect of deranged metabolism in the disease. A technique is described whereby glucose, lactate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate can be measured in capillary blood samples dried on boric acid impregnated filter paper. The technique is sufficiently sensitive to measure 0.05 mmol/l glucose, 0.02 mmol/l lactate, and 0.004 mmol/1 3-hydroxybutyrate with precisions of 4.0%, 4.5%, and 8.0%, respectively. This method could prove useful in the broader metabolic assessment of the diabetic state. PMID- 7283378 TI - Post-traumatic cerebral atrophy. A study on brain-injured veterans on the Finnish wars of 1939-40 and 1941-45. PMID- 7283375 TI - Comparison of procedures for the measurement of the anodal isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase in serum. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzyme-1 levels (LD1) determined after immunoprecipitation of M-subunits, LD1 activity by electrophoresis, and the activities of alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), urea-stable LD, and heat stable LD, by Association of Clinical Biochemists Proposed Methods, were examined for their ability to differentiate between serum samples from patients with cardiac or liver disease. Compared with total LD, all methods gave higher serum activity in patients with cardiac disease than in those with liver disease. Differentiation between patient groups was greatest for LD1 by immunoprecipitation, followed by heat-stable LD and LD1 by electrophoresis. HBD and urea-stable LD both gave less discrimination, with negligible difference between these two procedures. LD1 activity by immunoprecipitation correlated well with LD1 activity determined by isoenzyme electrophoresis with densitometric scanning. The advantages and disadvantages of the various procedures are considered. PMID- 7283379 TI - Pentastomiasis. AB - Pentastomiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease of man, first described by Pruner in 1847. The causative organisms are pentastomes (pentastomids), so called because of the presence of two pairs of anterior hooks and a mouth, which give the appearance of 5 openings. They are annulated but non segmented vermiform blood-sucking endoparasites. They are probably best classified as a separate phyllum, the Pentastomida. Of medical interest are two families of pentastomes namely Linguatulidae and Porocephalidae, of which species of the genera Linguatula and Armillifer (Porocephalus) are parasites of man. PMID- 7283380 TI - Suicide and depressive illness. AB - In this paper 7 cases of patients suffering from depressive illness who finally committed suicide were illustrated. It is hoped that by reading the cases illustrated in depth a better understanding of the thinking, suffering and psychodynamics of depression and suicidal behaviour can be obtained. PMID- 7283381 TI - A study of obsessive compulsive neurosis in private practice. AB - This is a study of 58 cases suffering from obsessive-compulsive neurosis treated in a private psychiatric clinic. Obsessive-compulsive neurosis is a relatively rare condition. The poor prognosis once attached to this condition has since changed when behaviour therapy was used. PMID- 7283382 TI - Vibrio infections in Singapore. AB - Both symptomatic and asymptomatic Vibrio infections, caused by V cholerae, V parahaemolyticus and NAG vibrios, occurred in Singapore. V cholerae are introduced into the country from time to time, but the risk of transmission of infection in the community is negligible in the presence of a high standard of environmental sanitation and a well-established system of epidemiological surveillance. As cholera is probably transmitted through contaminated food, shellfish imported from cholera-endemic countries are regularly monitored for the presence of V cholerae. Vigilance has also been stepped up in the laboratory in view of the possibility of introduction of multiple-antibiotic resistant V cholerae strains into the country. V parahaemolyticus is one of the commonest causes of bacterial food poisoning in Singapore because of the preference of the local population to consume raw or partially cooked seafood. 78% of a variety of imported seafood were found to be contaminated with V parahaemolyticus. Infections caused by NAG vibrios are infrequent, and the mode of transmission has not been established. PMID- 7283383 TI - Epidemiological studies of Hepatitis A in Singapore. AB - 1,341 cases of Hepatitis A were reported during the 44-month period between January 1977 and August 1980. The morbidity rate per 100,000 population varied from 9.4 in 1977 to 25.2 for the first eight months of 1980. The case fatality rate was 1.0%. Among the three major ethnic groups, Indians had the highest morbidity rate; but during outbreaks, the attack rate was highest among the Chinese. High age-specific morbidity rate was noted in the 15-34 years age group. The male to female ratio was 2.9: 1. 7.4% of the cases contracted the disease overseas while 7.2% gave a contact history with known hepatitis cases. Contact with unrecognised asymptomatic or mild cases in the community could probably be the mode of transmission for a considerable proportion of the reported cases. Ingestion of raw or partially cooked imported bivalve molluscs (cockles and oysters) was associated with an outbreak in September 1978 and the outbreaks in 1980. The possibility of low-level transmission by water should be seriously considered. PMID- 7283384 TI - A dynamic model of tuberculosis epidemiology for Singapore. AB - An epidemiological model was used to estimate the size of the tuberculosis problem in Singapore from 1975 to 2025. It was shown that even without any control activities after 1979 there would be a reduction of the tuberculosis indices in the country. If the present control programme was pursued unchanged, a reduction of the tuberculosis problem by 10.0% and 14.5% would be expected in 2000 and 2025 respectively. Tuberculosis would be expected to remain a major public health problem over the next fifty years. In Singapore's context increased case finding and treatment of bacteriologically positive cases of tuberculosis would be the most effective ways of further reducing the tuberculosis problem over the next fifty years. Practical methods of implementing this were suggested. Reduced BCG coverage of infants was not expected to increase the tuberculosis problem to any significant extent over this period. Treatment relapse rates were shown not to be a sensitive variable that would affect the tuberculosis problem in Singapore. PMID- 7283385 TI - Selective area tuberculosis surveys in Singapore 1978. AB - A random population sample survey in Singapore 1975 revealed that a relatively high proportion of active pulmonary tuberculosis patients remained undiagnosed, mainly in the older age groups. Previous studies disclosed the cause to the lack of symptoms of concern in these patients. A new programme was devised to discover hidden elderly patients by mass chest X-ray screening of population aged 45 years and older living in areas with known high incidence of tuberculosis. The yield of cases was less than expected mainly due to the dislocation and dispersion of population from recent extensive urban re-development in Singapore. Nevertheless the results were comparable to the most productive case finding programme carried out in this department. PMID- 7283386 TI - Leprosy. AB - Leprosy is still a medical problem in the tropical and subtropical countries in Africa, Asia and South and Central America. New evidence on the airborne transmission of the disease is presented. The rest of the review deals with the clinical manifestations, the use of anti-leprosy drugs, and the treatment of reactions. Prophylaxis by BCG and chemoprophylaxis are briefly discussed. PMID- 7283387 TI - Menarche in Newcastle upon Tyne girls. AB - Age at menarche was recorded for 699 white Newcastle upon Tyne girls taking part in a longitudinal study of growth and development during puberty. Girls from large (5+) families started menstruation about five months later than girls from small families. This effect was observed only among girls with fathers in manual occupations. The occurrence of menarche had a peak in January and a possible secondary peak about August. Height and to some extent weight increased with the age at menarche, while arm circumference and skinfolds tended to decrease. The correlation of age at menarche with weight at given height was -0.13 and that of age at menarche with height at given weight was 0.38. The correlation of age at menarche with skinfolds and arm circumference for given weight were of the order of -0.3 and for given height of the order of -0.2. The time lapse between the age at peak height velocity (PHV) and the age at menarche decreased with increasing subscapular skinfold at PHV. PMID- 7283389 TI - Parent-adult offspring correlations and heritability of body measurements in a rural Indian population. AB - Mean values and standard deviations of height, sitting height, body weight, biacromial and bicristal diameters, total arm length, upper arm and calf girths and skinfolds at biceps, triceps, below the scapula and at the widest portion of the calf of 67 fathers, 72 mothers and their 99 adult sons and 83 adult daughters belonging to Lewa Patels of rural Gujarat are presented. Sons and daughters showed significantly higher mean values of stature as compared to fathers and mothers respectively. Parent-offspring, sib-sib and midparent-offspring correlations for these measurements are also presented. Parent-offspring and midparent-offspring correlations varied for different body measurements; highest correlations were shown by longitudinal measurements, followed by transverse diameters and least by skinfold and girth measurements. Heritability of different body measurements as indicated by midparent-offspring regression also followed a similar pattern of variation. Using the recollection method, mean age at menarche of daughters was 14.7 +/- 0.16 years and that of their mothers 15.20 +/- 0.15 years. Mother-daughter correlation for age at menarche was 0.39. PMID- 7283388 TI - Chronological and biological age as related to physical fitness in boys 12 to 19 years. AB - The relative importance of skeletal age and chronological age in explaining body measurements and the relative importance of skeletal age, chronological age, height, weight, and their interactions in explaining motor fitness components are reported. Anthropometric, motor fitness, and skeletal maturity data have been collected in a mixed longitudinal study of Belgian school boys 12+/- - 19+/- years. At each age level multiple regression equations were calculated to evaluate the relative importance of the independent variables. Skeletal age was assessed by the TW2 method and the anthropometric measurements were taken following standard procedures. The motor fitness tests were selected on their factor loading and reliability in the same age range. Between 13 and 16 years a fairly high percentage of the variation in body dimensions is explained by skeletal age (+/-50% for stature). The percentage of explained variance reaches its maximum at 14-15 years. The highest percentage is found for linear dimensions and weight followed by bone width dimensions and circumferences. Triceps and calf skinfolds are not related to skeletal age. Chronological age as such does not contribute in the prediction of body measurements. The interaction between chronological age and skeletal age as such or in combination with height and/or weight have the highest predictive value except for trunk strength (leg lifting) and functional strength (bent arm hang). Except for static strength (arm pull), for which the explained variance ranged from 33% to 58%, the predictive value of body size, maturity, chronological age and their interactions is rather low, varying between 0% and 17%. As for body dimensions, the explained variance reaches its maximum for most motor tests at 14-15 years. PMID- 7283390 TI - The analysis of g-isonymy data. AB - g-Isonymy is defined to be generalized isonymy, and is taken to be two (or more) individuals who have the same surname (clan name) and who are related through marriage, although they are not necessarily married to one another. A general method for analysing g-isonymic data is proposed. It is shown how the random and non-random components of the frequency of g-isonymy can be obtained as well as the subcomponents due to preference for or against close consanguineous marriages and/or for or against remote consanguineous marriages. The proposed analysis, is applied to a subset of data on the Bhatias, a community which practises strict clan exogamy. PMID- 7283392 TI - Genetic studies of human immunoglobulin levels. PMID- 7283391 TI - Reproductive life of Bhoksa women. AB - The paper discusses the reproductive life of 111 ever-married Bhoksa women. The mean age at marriage for women of all ages among Bhoksas, like other tribal populations, is high, unlike the caste populations. The mean ages at first birth of the pooled sample and of the completed fertility cases suggest late and early marriages of the older and younger generations. The maximum number of marriages occur between 15 and 19 years and of first births between 16 and 20 years. Percentage of reproductive wastage is high in both the lower and higher age groups. Young mothers with low birth orders and older mothers with high birth orders display a high frequency of reproductive wastage. Evidently, both birth order and the age of the mother have effects on reproductive wastage. Average number of children ever born (including stillbirth but not abortion or miscarriage) per mother of all ages is the highest among Bhoksas of all the studied ethnic groups of India. The Bhoksa, like caste populations, show a high number of children ever born per mother of completed fertility. Quite a high masculinity in the secondary sex ratio, like other mongoloid population is noticed. The contribution of mortality component to the Total Index of Opportunity for Selection is more than that of the fertility component. Bhoksas conform to the general low range of net reproductive index, which is however greater than unity, suggesting that they are in a growth stage. PMID- 7283394 TI - Effect of starvation of the synthesis rate of albumin in vivo and its relation to the concentrations of amino acids in the peripheral blood, the portal circulation and in the liver cytosolic fraction. AB - The synthesis rate of albumin was measured in vivo by the 14C-carbonate method in fed control rabbits, in animals after a short-term fast (24-36h), and after starvation for 8 days. The albumin synthesis rate was significantly lower in animals after a short-term fast in comparison to the fed control group. A starvation for a longer period did not further decrease the synthesis rate of albumin. The serum concentrations of essential amino acids from the systemic circulation and from the portal blood after a short-term fast did not differ significantly nor were they higher in comparison to those of fed rabbits. Despite the increased serum levels of the most essential amino acids in the systemic venous blood after long-term starvation, there were no or little changes in concentrations of amino acids in portal blood and liver cytosolic fraction from fasted animals as compared to those of the fed group. These findings suggest that the reduction of albumin synthesis in fasting state is not primarily due to a reduction in the direct availability of these amino acids for albumin synthesis in the liver. PMID- 7283393 TI - Protein evaluation of mixed diets. Comparative study in man and in the pig and rat of vegetable-animal and vegetable protein diets. AB - The procedure suggested by FAO/WHO to evaluate the protein quality of mixed diets has been tested using vegetable and vegetable-animal protein diets. Chemical scores were calculated and protein digestibilities were compared in human adult, growing pigs and rats. Pigs were studied as alternatives to rats in the protein evaluation of human diets. The results showed that the choice of the samples to calculate the chemical score is important; that the composition of the samples for biological evaluations must be considered in order to avoid experimental problems, and that values for true protein digestibility in human subjects, pigs and rats are in agreement, and further studies of growing pigs as an experimental model are suggested. Minor differences in protein quality of the two diets were demonstrated. PMID- 7283396 TI - Pantothenic acid content of a nursing home diet 1,2. AB - 21 meals, representing the usual weekly dietary intake of residents of a northern Utah nursing home, were analyzed for pantothenic acid using a radioimmunoassay. Beverages were not included in the analysis. The mean daily pantothenic acid content of the diet exclusive of beverages was found to be 3.75 mg. The diet as analyzed supplied 2.22 mg of the vitamin per 1,000 kcal. If not supplemented by beverages and snacks, this diet supplies less than the 4-7 mg suggested for adults by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences. PMID- 7283397 TI - [Nitrates and nitrates: nutritional impacts in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283395 TI - Body lipids of guinea pigs exposed to different dietary fats from mid-gestation to 3 months of age. IV. Effect of food restriction at 3 months on the distribution and cellularity of adipose tissue. AB - Pregnant guinea pigs were fed one of three diets: a control low-fat diet or a high-fat diet containing maize oil or beef tallow. Offspring were reared on the same diets as their mothers. At 12 weeks of age some animals were killed; others had their food intake restricted for 2 weeks and were then killed. Body weight, weight of various adipose tissue depots and size and number of fat cells were measured. All adipose depots decreased in weight during food restriction and fat cell size was reduced. Perirenal adipose tissue lost the greatest amount of weight and the gonadal depot the least. Fat cell number of females was unaffected by food restriction, whereas in males the number of observable fat cells decreased in the perirenal depot. Previous diet influenced the amount of body weight lost during food restriction. Animals fed beef tallow lost less weight than those fed maize oil. Possible reasons are discussed. PMID- 7283398 TI - Seizures, hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, and intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn. AB - The review deals with neonatal seizures, perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, and neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage. neonatal seizures are the most prominent signals of the largest number of neonatal neurological disorders. The convulsive phenomena may be subtle. The predominant etiological process is hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Prognosis is related primarily to the neurological disease responsible for the seizures. Treatment may be specific for the underlying disorder (e.g., glucose or calcium) or less specific (i.e., therapy with anticonvulsant drugs). Prompt control of the seizures is important to avoid brain injury secondary to the effects of the seizures on ventilation, perfusion, and brain metabolism. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the newborn most often is a consequence of intrauterine asphyxia. Diagnosis depends primarily on recognition of the clinical syndrome but also on a variety of neurodiagnostic techniques, including radionuclide and CT brain scans. Prognosis is estimated best by a combination of clinical analysis and specialized neurodiagnostic studies. management is based principally on vigorous support, particularly of ventilation and perfusion, maintenance of adequate glucose influx, and control of seizures. Intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common type of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage. The neuropathology is characterized by bleeding from capillaries of the subependymal germinal matrix. Secondary rupture of the ependymal lining then causes intraventricular hemorrhage. Pathogenesis relates to the anatomy of the germinal matrix, the distribution and regulation of cerebral blood flow, and the structure and vulnerability of periventricular capillaries. Precise diagnosis requires a brain imaging procedure; portable, real-time ultrasound is the preferred approach for critically ill infants. Prognosis relates to the severity of the hemorrhage as well as any preceding hypoxic ischemic insults and the subsequent occurrence of hydrocephalus. Choice of therapy for posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation depends upon severity and rapidity of progression and ranges from close observation only to ventriculoperitoneal shunting. PMID- 7283399 TI - Alzheimer disease: evidence for selective loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis. AB - The nucleus basalis of Meynert provides diffuse cholinergic input to the neocortex. When compared with an age- and sex-matched control, the nucleus basalis from a patient with Alzheimer disease demonstrated substantial reduction of neurons. Loss of this neuronal population may represent an anatomical correlate of the well-documented cholinergic derangement in Alzheimer disease. PMID- 7283400 TI - Paramedian thalamic and midbrain infarct: clinical and neuropathological study. AB - The clinical and neuropathological findings in 28 cases of paramedian thalamic and midbrain infarcts are reported. The 4 instances of unilateral paramedian thalamic infarct were characterized by mood and behavioral changes, limitation of the infarct to the center of the anatomical paramedian territory, and symmetrical configuration of the paramedian thalamic arteries. Basilar artery occlusion was found in 1 patient. The 5 cases of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts were characterized by disturbances of consciousness and behavior, extension of the infarct (to the mammillothalamic tracts in 4 cases, the red nuclei in 3, and the hypothalamus in 2), and a variable paramedian thalamic arterial pattern. The arterial pattern was symmetrical in 2 cases, asymmetrical in 1, and unilateral in 1. The basilar artery was occluded in 1 case, the basilar communicating and posterior cerebral arteries in 1, and a third patient had occlusion involving an aneurysm of the basilar artery. The 19 patients with paramedian thalamopeduncular infarcts had marked disturbances of consciousness (hypersomnia, deep coma, akinetic mutism) associated with ocular motility changes. Later, abnormal movements--always delayed--and memory disturbances were observed in some. Thalamic changes were restricted to beh paramedian territory in only 3 cases. The arterial pattern was symmetrical in 5. The basilar and posterior cerebral arteries were occluded in 4 patients each. Paramedian infarcts were rarely found as isolated lesions and were always bilateral when there was only one arterial pedicle. The paramedian thalamic pedicle can supply the polar thalamic territory. PMID- 7283401 TI - Neurological status of language-impaired and normal children. AB - The performance on a neurological test battery of 33 language-impaired children who had no gross neurological findings and 37 normal children controlled for age, performance IQ, and socioeconomic status was compared. The language-impaired group was distinguished by less efficient performance in a number of areas, particularly in tasks involving involving rate of movement, perception of dichhaptic stimuli, and left-right identification. Discriminant function analysis identified six variables that correctly classified 87% of the population into their respective normal and language-impaired groups. PMID- 7283402 TI - Voluntary and visual control of the vestibuloocular reflex after cerebral hemidecortication. AB - Horizontal vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) function was studied in five patients after cerebral hemidecortication. In darkness, VOR gain contralateral to the decorticate hemisphere was slightly higher than ipsilateral gain. Voluntary modulation of the reflex by attempted fixation of imaginary targets in darkness increased this VOR asymmetry. Voluntary cancellation of the ipsilateral VOR was better than cancellation of the contralateral VOR. Voluntary enhancement of the contralateral VOR was better than enhancement of the ipsilateral VOR. Visual control of the reflex while viewing foveal targets further increased the VOR asymmetry. Defective visual modulation corresponded to paresis of ipsilateral smooth pursuit. Abnormal voluntary responses in darkness indicate that cerebral control of the reflex can be independent of the pursuit system. The hemispheres may use a corollary discharge of eye position in the orbit and a head velocity signal to direct smooth eye movements toward the perceived location of objects. One hemisphere regulates ipsilateral smooth eye movements that achieve voluntary and visual control of the VOR. PMID- 7283403 TI - Some morphometric aspects of the brain in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - Image analysis apparatus was used to count and measure glial and neuronal perikarya in ten size classes in the midfrontal region and superior temporal gyrus of 18 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type for comparison with 12 age-matched normal specimens. Brain weight was about 8% less in the dementia group. The major differences had to do with larger neurons, which in dementia were reduced by about 40% in the frontal cortex and 46% in the temporal region. The concentration of neuritic plaques did not correlate significantly with brain weight, cortical thickness, or cell counts. PMID- 7283405 TI - Selective carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency in fibroblasts from a patient with muscle CPT deficiency. AB - A 13-year-old boy developed cramps and myoglobinuria following exertion. Mitochondrial preparations from a skeletal muscle biopsy were deficient in carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity when assayed by the hydroxamate and kinetic assays. The patient's fibroblasts were also deficient when assayed by the hydroxamate and kinetic assays, but not when tested by the DTNB (5,5'-dithiobis [nitrobenzoic acid]) method. This disparity probably indicates a specific deficiency in fibroblasts of one of the two carnitine palmitoyltransferases, presumably CPT II. PMID- 7283404 TI - Humoral immunity in Guamanians with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia. AB - Among Guamanian natives, serum IgA and IgG levels were found to be higher than normal in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); serum IgA was higher and IgM lower than normal in parkinsonism-dementia (PD). IgA levels increased with age in ALS, PD, and normal subjects; IgG increased with age in ALS and IgM decreased with age in PD. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels did not correlate with the duration of either disease. Immunodeficient ALS and PD patients had higher IgM and lower IgA levels than the other ALS and PD patients. Neither differences in viral antibody titers nor the presence of autoantibodies or circulating immune complexes could account for the variations in serum Ig levels between patients and controls. We conclude that differences in serum Ig levels in ALS and PD patients are probably due to repeated infections and abnormal immunoregulation accompanying immunodeficiency during the course of ALS and PD, rather than to a specific antiviral or autoimmune response. PMID- 7283406 TI - Inheritance of torsion dystonia in Jews. PMID- 7283407 TI - Palatal myoclonus responding to carbamazepine. PMID- 7283408 TI - [The role of visual information in the first postural responses]. PMID- 7283410 TI - Examination of major disagreements in susceptibility test results by Autobac-1 and MS-2. AB - Major disagreements between two automated susceptibility test instruments, Autobac-1 and MS-2, generated from 4,213 tests on 630 bacterial isolates, were analyzed. The major disagreement rate between the instruments was only 7.4%. The highest major disagreement rates for bacteria were with Staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococci, gram-positive bacilli, and Providencia species, and those for antibiotics were with ampicillin and penicillin G. With most other bacteria and antibiotics, the instruments disagreed at a rate less than 10% and frequently at a rate less than 4%. However, 32 specific bacterium-antibiotic combinations exceeded a 10% rate. Possible reasons for some of these higher disagreement rates are discussed. Reconciliation of instrument results with the standard agar disk diffusion result for each major disagreement revealed that about 15% were irreconcilable and, of the remaining 259, 177 agreed with MS-2 and 82 agreed with Autobac-1. Major disagreements between instruments seemed random, but there appeared to be tendencies, with certain bacteria and certain antibiotics, for MS-2 to detect susceptible reactions more consistently than resistant ones and for Autobac-1 to detect resistant reactions more consistently than susceptible ones. PMID- 7283412 TI - Absence of tolerance to cefoxitin in anaerobic bacteria. AB - None of the 46 strains of anaerobic bacteria tested, including 26 strains of Bacteroides fragilis, showed tolerance (minimal bactericidal concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration ratio >32) to cefoxitin. PMID- 7283409 TI - Experimental endocarditis caused by Streptococcus sanguis: single and combined antibiotic therapy. AB - The effectiveness of penicillin G, fosfomycin, and cefoxitin alone and in combination was studied in vitro and in the treatment of left-sided Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis in rabbits. In vitro, the combinations penicillin G plus fosfomycin, penicillin G plus cefoxitin, and fosfomycin plus cefoxitin were synergistic or partially synergistic for S sanguis. Therapy with the combinations was more effective in eradicating the species from cardiac vegetations that was that with each antibiotic used alone. PMID- 7283411 TI - Mechanism of inactivation of hepatitis B surface antigen by N alpha-cocoyl-L arginine ethyl ester. AB - The mechanism of N alpha-cocoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (CAE) in the inactivation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was investigated. The CAE increased the density of HBsAg, and particles of the antigen were destroyed in amorphous clusters, suggesting that CAE influences the lipid components of HBsAg. The lipid components such as cholesterol and phospholipid were mostly removed from the antigen by the treatment with CAE. N alpha-Lauroyl-L-[U-14C] arginine ethyl ester (LAE), a principal component of CAE, became tightly bound to HBsAg in place of the lipid components. The binding amounts of LAE in the HBsAg-LAE complex reached 3.04 +/- 0.44 microgram/mg of protein. The formation of the complex was not influenced by the presence of CAE-related compounds such as L-arginine, L arginine ethyl ester, and N alpha-cocoyl-L-arginine. Treatment with mercaptoethanolurea, guanidine hydrochloride, and some detergents failed to resolve appreciably the labeled LAE from the labeled complex. All attempts to reactivate the CAE-treated HBsAg and to restore it morphologically from the denatured aggregates were unsuccessful. These results indicate that CAE tightly binds to HBsAg, followed by formation of stable aggregates of the denatured HBsAg CAE complex. PMID- 7283413 TI - Pharmacology, Safety, and efficacy of cefamandole in childhood infections. AB - We used cefamandole in the initial treatment of 34 children (10 months to 15 years of age) with suspected bone, joint, or soft tissue infections. The minimal inhibitory concentration of organisms encountered ranged between 0.015 and 2 microgram/ml. At 1 h after intravenous infusion of 25 mg/kg, the mean serum level of cefamandole was 26.2 microgram/ml (range, 8.9 to 47.5 microgram/ml), and at 3 h the level was 1.8 microgram/ml (range, 0.6 to 4.4 microgram/ml), which is above the minimal inhibitory concentration for most of the organisms encountered. However, when the drug was given intravenously every 6 h, the mean level after a 37-mg/kg dose was 0.9 microgram/ml (range, less than 0.5 to 1.9 microgram/ml) at 4 h and, by extrapolation, would have fallen below 0.1 microgram/ml at 6 h. The mean serum half-life was 34 min. Cefamandole appeared to diffuse well into synovial fluid, with joint fluid levels between 5 and 40 microgram/ml. The drug was tolerated well. Cefamandole appears to be a reasonable alternative in the initial treatment of skeletal infections in children, but need to be administered every 4 h to maintain suprainhibitory serum levels between doses. PMID- 7283414 TI - Fluorimetric determination of cefuroxime in body fluids. AB - A simple and accurate fluorimetric procedure for measuring cefuroxime in body fluids is described. A fluorescent product was produced by addition of hydrochloric acid, heating, and cooling, followed by addition of sodium hydroxide and further heating at 100 degree C. The fluorescence intensity of the final solution was measured in a fluorimeter at an excitation wavelength of 375 nm and an emission wavelength of 440 nm and related to the antibiotic concentration. Thin-layer chromatography of the final solution showed a single fluorescent spot (Rf value, 0.6). Freedom from interference from other therapeutic agents and endogenous substances, as well as the close correlation between this method and the standard microbiological assay method, was demonstrated. The simplicity and reliability of the fluorimetric assay method make it particularly suitable for clinical use. PMID- 7283416 TI - Quantitative susceptibility test methods in major United States medical centers. AB - To assess the current trend toward performance of routine quantitative susceptibility test methods, we surveyed microbiology laboratories in 41 major U.S. medical centers. Agar dilution and microdilution tests were used primarily by those laboratories routinely performing numerous minimal inhibitory concentration tests and few or no minimal bactericidal concentration tests. Macrotube dilution tests were used by laboratories performing relatively few minimal inhibitory concentration tests, but routinely performing minimal bactericidal concentration tests. Major methodological variations were reported by the surveyed laboratories and including: (i) preparation and storage of antimicrobial solutions, (ii) standardization and concentration of the test inoculum, (iii) interpretation of minimal inhibitory concentration endpoints, and (iv) determination of the antibiotic concentration required to be bactericidal. The results of this survey indicate that significant variations in test methods exist, even though quantitative susceptibility tests are commonly used. PMID- 7283415 TI - Standardized method for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum and their response to tetracycline, erythromycin, and rosaramicin. AB - We describe a method for determining the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics for Ureaplasma urealyticum which is compatible with current standard of susceptibility testing. A presumptive MIC is available after 24 h of incubation, and the definitive MIC is available at 48 h. The MICs for 9 serotype strains and 27 clinical isolates ranged from less than or equal to 0.5 to 256 microgram of tetracycline per ml, greater than or equal to 1 to 64 microgram of erythromycin per ml, and 0.031 to 4.0 microgram of rosaramicin per ml. Of an additional 555 isolates screened for their response to tetracycline, 2% required MICs of greater than 64 microgram/ml, which we believe is near the concentration at which in vivo resistance to this agent is expressed. After prolonged exposure to rosaramicin, the resistance of two of three serotype strains of U. urealyticum was increased 8- and 16-fold, but the MICs still did not exceed 1.0 microgram/ml. PMID- 7283417 TI - Influence of study design in assessing food effects on absorption of erythromycin base and erythromycin stearate. AB - We performed a series of six single-dose and multiple-dose studies to evaluate the effect of food on the absorption of erythromycin base and erythromycin stearate. When we used a single-dose design, we found that an unprotected erythromycin base preparation was absorbed extensively if a prolonged fast preceded administration of the drug. A shorter faster period (as occurs in clinical settings) dramatically reduced the absorption of unprotected base; however, film-coated tablets seemed to be as well protected as and were absorbed more rapidly than enteric-coated tablets when they were evaluated by single-dose testing procedures. In contrast, when a commercially available film-coated preparation of erythromycin base was evaluated in multidose fashion between meals (fasting), the drug was about 25% less well absorbed than commercially available enteric-coated base tablets. Finally, when commercially available film-coated erythromycin base and stearate formulations were administered with meals, both film-coated preparations were 43 to 59% less well absorbed than the enteric coated base formulation. Furthermore, the enteric-coated base formulation performed equally well when administered either every 6 h between meals (fasting) or four times a day (immediately after meals and at bedtime). These studies document the need for multidose bioavailability techniques when the bioavailabilities of acid-labile drugs are evaluated. PMID- 7283418 TI - Properties of Streptomyces fradiae mutants blocked in biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic tylosin. AB - We isolated numerous mutants of Streptomyces fradiae blocked in tylosin biosynthesis after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. These mutants were classified into nine groups, based upon the tylosin-like compounds produced and upon cofermentation analyses. More than 80% of the mutants isolated produced no tylosin-like compounds, and the majority of these were blocked only in the formation of tylactone. Four classes of mutants blocked in the biosynthesis or addition of tylosin sugars were isolated; tylA mutants were blocked in the formation of all three tylosin sugars, whereas tylB, tylC, and tylD mutants were blocked specifically in the biosynthesis or the addition of mycaminose, mycarose, and 6-deoxy-d-allose, respectively. Two classes of mutants (tylH and tylI) blocked in specific oxidations of tylactone and two classes (tylE and tylF) blocked in specific O-methylations of demethylmacrocin and macrocin were also characterized. Cofermentation and bioconversion studies with these mutants suggested the following relationships: (i) the tylosin sugars are derived from a common intermediate; (ii) tylactone is the first intermediate which can be excreted in appreciable quantities; (iii) the addition of mycaminose to the C-5 hydroxyl group of tylactone must precede oxidations at C-20 and C-23; (iv) oxidation at C-20 normally precedes the attachment of mycarose to the 4' hydroxyl position of mycaminose; and (v) 6-deoxy-d-allose is added to the C-23 hydroxyl position of the lactone and subsequently O-methylated at 2''' and 3''' positions. The O-methylations appear to be the final two steps in tylosin biosynthesis, and the 2''' O-methylation must occur before the 3''' O-methylation can take place. All of the tyl mutants except the tylG mutants produced relatively high levels of tylosin-like intermediates or shunt products. Mutants blocked in specific steps other than 3''' O-methylation, including a mutant blocked in 2''' O-methylation of demethylmacrocin, produced normal levels of macrocin O-methyltransferase. Mutants apparently containing specific tylosin structural gene mutations produced normal levels of aerial mycelia and spores, produced low levels of tylosin aldehyde reductase, and were resistant to high levels of tylosin. However, three atypical tylG mutants produced no tylosin-like compounds, could not cosynthesize tylosin with any other tyl mutant, could not bioconvert tylactone or macrocin to tylosin, and produced no macrocin O-methyltransferase. These three mutants produced elevated levels of tylosin aldehyde reductase. In addition, one was very succeptible to tylosin and did not produce aerial mycelia or spores. PMID- 7283419 TI - Comparative in vitro study in new cephalosporins. AB - Three new cephalosporins, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, and cefotiam, were evaluated in vitro against clinical isolates, and their activities were compared with those of other cephalosporins, mezlocillin, and tobramycin. All three new cephalosporins were very active against gram-positive cocci (except enterococci), but mezlocillin was more active against Streptococcus ssp. Cefotiam and cefamandole were the most active antibiotics against Streptococcus aureus. Ceftazidime had broad-spectrum activity against all gram-negative bacilli tested, except Enterobacter spp. Ceftizoxime was active against all, except Enterobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although cefotiam was quite active against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, it was inactive against indole-positive Proteus spp., Serratia spp, and P. aeruginosa. The in vitro activity suggests that ceftazidime should prove useful as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, in those settings in which the most likely pathogens are gram negative bacilli. PMID- 7283420 TI - Penicillin tolerance of human isolates of group C streptococci. AB - Seventeen clinical isolates of group C streptococci were tested for penicillin tolerance. Sixteen of the strains showed penicillin tolerance with a 32-fold or greater difference between the minimal inhibitory concentration and the minimal bactericidal concentration. Synergism was demonstrated with a combination of penicillin and gentamicin for all 17 strains tested. The rate of antibiotic killing was measured for five of the streptococcal strains by using the combination of penicillin and gentamicin. All isolates were killed within 5 h with the combination, but viable organisms were recovered after 48 h when either drug was used alone. Our study suggests that penicillin tolerance with group C streptococci may occur frequently and may account for the poor outcome of serious group C streptococcal infections tested with penicillin alone. PMID- 7283421 TI - In vitro studies with Win 42122-2: comparison with gentamicin, netilmicin, and amikacin. AB - The in vitro activity of Win 42122-2 against gram-negative clinical isolates was compared in serial twofold broth dilution tests with gentamicin, netilmicin, and amikacin. Against 173 gentamicin-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae, the activity of Win 42122-2 was generally twofold less than those of gentamicin or netilmicin and similar to that of amikacin. Against 60 gentamicin-susceptible nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli, including P. aeruginosa, the activity of Win 42122-2 was four- to eightfold less than that of gentamicin or netilmicin and two- to fourfold less than that of amikacin. Minimal bacterial concentrations for Win 42122-2 were usually similar to minimal inhibitory concentrations. Win 42122-2 was not highly active against gentamicin-resistant bacteria. Win 42122-2 was as active as gentamicin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis but was less active than gentamicin or amikacin against atypical mycobacteria. Win 42122-2 interacted synergistically with penicillin G against enterococci, including strains highly resistant to streptomycin. PMID- 7283422 TI - Effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on neutrophil chemotaxis. AB - The inhibitory effect of neutrophil chemotaxis of gentamicin, tobramycin, and sisomicin was shown. The combined effect of aminoglycosides and histamine was not additive. PMID- 7283423 TI - Effect of mixing on rifampin bactericidal activity against staphylococci. AB - Minimal bactericidal concentrations of rifampin were significantly increased, and serum bactericidal activity from volunteers receiving this drug was significantly decreased by vigorous mixing of microtiter plates before sampling when tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at 10(5) and 10(6) colony-forming units per ml. These results suggest that microtiter estimates of the bactericidal activity of rifampin against staphylococci should be performed after vigorous shaking. PMID- 7283425 TI - R factors in coliform-fecal coliform sewage flora of the prairies and Northwest Territories of Canada. AB - Coliform and fecal coliform populations found in the raw sewages and final sewage effluents of the prairie provinces and the Northwest Territories were examined for antibiotic resistance and the possession of R factors. It was determined that 8.91% of the total coliform and 10.80% of the fecal coliform populations carried R factors. The following numbers of combinations of R determinants were found: 39 in the Escherichia coli population, 6 in the Citrobacter population, 20 in the Enterobacter populations, 10 in the Klebsiella populations, and 11 in the Aeromonas populations. The maximum number of R determinants transferable simultaneously was seven; organisms with R factors containing determinants for chloramphenicol usually contained determinants for ampicillin. Of the coliform and fecal coliform populations, 2 to 4% were resistant to chloramphenicol in some provinces, and from 17 to 30% of the populations were resistant to three or more antibiotics. It was calculated that coliforms containing R factors in the raw sewage reached population levels of 1.5 X 10(7)/100 ml, and fecal coliforms containing R factors reached population levels of 8.6 X 10(5) ml. Final effluent discharges to the receiving environment contained R factor-containing coliform and fecal coliform populations of 3.1 X 10(4)/100 ml and 5.8 X 10(2)/100 ml, respectively. The incidence of bacteria containing R factors in sewage appears to be increasing with time, and their removal from sewage before discharge to the receiving environment is desirable. Consideration of data on bacteria with R factors should be made in future water quality deliberations and in discharge regulations. PMID- 7283424 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Capnocytophaga strains to 18 antimicrobial agents. AB - Twenty-seven strains of capnocytophaga were tested for their susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents by an agar dilution technique. All strains were susceptible to achievable blood levels of penicillin G, cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefoperazone, moxalactam, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Most were susceptible to achievable levels of cefamandole, erythromycin, and metronidazole, and more than 10% were resistant to achievable levels of cephalexin and cephradine. With antimicrobial agents used in selective media, all strains were resistant to colistin, kanamycin, and nalidixic acid at commonly recommended concentrations of bacitracin and vancomycin. PMID- 7283428 TI - Culture medium for selective isolation and enumeration of Gram-negative bacteria from ground meats. AB - We developed a new medium, designated peptone bile amphotericin cycloheximide (PBAC) agar, which contains (per liter) 10 g of peptone, 300 mg of bile salts, 1 mg of amphotericin B, 1 g of cycloheximide, and 15 g of agar. When 21 samples of fresh ground beef were studied and plate count agar counts were used as references, we obtained a mean recovery of 28% of total counts with violet red bile agar overlay, whereas we obtained 48% recovery with PBAC agar. With 12 samples of frozen ground beef, recovery on violet red bile agar overlay was 29% of the recovery on plate count agar, whereas the corresponding value on PBAC agar was 45%. PBAC agar allowed the enumeration of 1.4 times as many gram-negative bacteria as violet red bile agar overlay. None of eight strains of gram-positive bacteria and none of eight strains of yeasts grew on PBAC agar. Of 158 colonies randomly selected from pour plates of eight fresh ground meat samples, 95% stained gram negative. In comparison, only 70% of 151 colonies selected from corresponding plate count agar plates were gram negative. The lack of background color, turbidity, and ease of use make PBAC agar easier to handle than other media used for gram-negative bacteria, such as violet red bile agar, violet red bile agar overlay, and crystal violet tetrazolium agar. In the preparation PBAC agar, all ingredients are autoclaved together except amphotericin B, which is filter sterilized and added before the plates are poured. PMID- 7283426 TI - Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in drinking water. AB - We analyzed drinking water from seven communities for multiply antibiotic resistant (MAR) bacteria (bacteria resistant to two or more antibiotics) and screened the MAR bacterial isolates obtained against five antibiotics by replica plating. Overall, 33.9% of 2,653 standard plate count bacteria from treated drinking waters were MAR. Two different raw water supplies for two communities carried MAR standard plate count bacteria at frequencies of 20.4 and 18.6%, whereas 36.7 and 67.8% of the standard plate count populations from sites within the respective distribution systems were MAR. Isolate identification revealed that MAR gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus) and MAR gram-negative, nonfermentative rods (Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Moraxella-like group M, and Acinetobacter) were more common in drinking waters than in untreated source waters. Site-to-site variations in generic types and differences in the incidences of MAR organisms indicated that shedding of MAR bacteria living in pipelines may have contributed to the MAR populations in tap water. We conclude that the treatment of raw water and its subsequent distribution select for standard plate count bacteria exhibiting the MAR phenotype. PMID- 7283427 TI - Microbial flora of in-use, display eye shadow testers and bacterial challenges of unused eye shadows. AB - We surveyed 15 different brands of eye shadow on display for customer use in different retail stores for microbial contamination. This was the first reported microbial surveillance of in-use eye shadow display testers in retail establishments. Cultures were obtained at each retail store. Sterile dacron swabs were rolled and rubbed over the entire used surface of each shadow, and each inoculum was streaked onto the surfaces of blood agar plates. Of the 1,345 individual samples obtained, 67% were contaminated with one or more species of microorganisms representing the genera Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, and Moraxella. We also purchased two different brands of water-miscible eye shadows in replicate unit containers. Each brand was challenged separately with a few hundred to several thousand colony forming units of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Both brands permitted growth of P. aeruginosa but not growth of S. aureus. A. calcoaceticus was inhibited after inoculation into one brand. With the other brand, the inoculum of Acinetobacter multiplied in one of the two different lots tested. This experimental challenge procedure can serve as a useful model system for studying the behavior of microbes in eye shadows and similar matrices. PMID- 7283429 TI - Peroxisomal beta-ketothiolase. PMID- 7283430 TI - Pulse radiolysis studies of antitumor quinones: radical lifetimes, reactivity with oxygen, and one-electron reduction potentials. PMID- 7283431 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography separation and determination of rat liver folates. PMID- 7283432 TI - Co-regulation of the mixed-function oxidation of p-nitroanisole and glucuronidation of p-nitrophenol in the perfused rat liver by carbohydrate reserves. PMID- 7283434 TI - Fluorine NMR studies of fluorocinnamoylchymotrypsins. PMID- 7283433 TI - Effect of malate on glutamate dehydrogenase and complexes between glutamate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase. PMID- 7283435 TI - The nature of regulation of hexose transport in cultured mammalian fibroblasts: aerobic "repressive" control by D-glucosamine. PMID- 7283436 TI - Compartmentation of K+ in isolated adult rat heart cells. PMID- 7283437 TI - Physicochemical evidence against the concept of an interaction between aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7283439 TI - Isolation and properties of an acid phosphatase from thylakoid membranes of Sorghum vulgare. PMID- 7283438 TI - Immunochemical studies on the carbohydrate specificity of Maclura pomifera lectin. PMID- 7283441 TI - Inhibitor sensitivity of light-dependent oxygen reduction in chromatophores from wild-type and an oxidase-deficient mutant of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. PMID- 7283440 TI - The influence of the divalent cations Mn2+ and Mg2+ on the activation of particulate and digitonin-solubilized adenylate cyclase from rat fat cell membranes. PMID- 7283444 TI - Effects of thyroid states on the Cori cycle, glucose--alanine cycle, and futile cycling of glucose metabolism in rats. PMID- 7283442 TI - Cytosolic 25-hydroxycholesterol binding activity of Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 7283443 TI - Further characterization of the sialic acid-binding lectin from the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotunda cauda. PMID- 7283448 TI - Pneomometry-induced purpura. PMID- 7283446 TI - Preparation and characterization of an alpha-amanitin azo derivative with a free carboxyl group and its bovine serum albumin conjugate. PMID- 7283449 TI - Temporal arteritis with scalp necrosis. PMID- 7283445 TI - Glycolipids of cell surfaces: isolation of specific sugar sequences using carbohydrate-binding proteins. PMID- 7283447 TI - Effect of vitamin D deficiency on skeletal development during early growth in the rat. PMID- 7283450 TI - Linear hypopigmentation after digital intra-articular injection of corticosteroid. PMID- 7283451 TI - A simple portable capillaroscope. PMID- 7283453 TI - Phototherapy for primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7283452 TI - Tinea incognito. PMID- 7283454 TI - The ability of primary care physicians to recognize the common dermatoses. AB - Although the balance between the number of primary care physicians and the number of specialists has been the subject of much attention, there has been little investigation of the quality and cost-effectiveness of various provider groups. To a large extent, dermatologic care is rendered by primary care physicians. In this study, the ability of primary care physicians to recognize the 20 most frequently encountered dermatoses was examined. Results indicate that, in comparison to dermatologists, primary care physicians are deficient in their ability to recognize common dermatoses. This study emphasizes the need for reevaluation of the training and, possibly, manner in which health care is delegated to personnel who deal with cutaneous disease. PMID- 7283455 TI - Outpatient phototherapy for psoriasis. AB - Using a new protocol with varied exposure increments, we found that, in 18 of 20 patients with psoriasis vulgaris who were given ultraviolet (UV)-B phototherapy three times a week, the disease completely cleared. One patient's condition substantially improved, and one patient's condition failed to respond. Ten to 38 treatments were required during a three- to 13-week period. The only topical treatment agent used was white petrolatum. The results are compared with a schedule using five treatments a week and fixed UV-B--exposure increments. Infrequent (three times weekly) treatments, avoidance of hospitalization and crude coal tar treatment, and fewer episodes of UV-radiation burn may offer advantages for selected patients. Long-term effects and maintenance requirements for this treatment regimen are not known. PMID- 7283457 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (Kimura's disease). A case with dermal lesions in the knee region and a popliteal arteriovenous fistula. AB - A 28-year-old man with slight blood eosinophilia had multiple dermal lesions of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia in the right knee region. A fistula between the popliteal artery and vein was demonstrated by arteriography. Between the tortuous blood vessels composing this shunt, an inflammatory reaction similar to that found in the superficial lesions was seen. A few vascular branches showed arteritis. In both the superficial and deeper lesions, some blood vessels, including the popliteal artery and vein, showed intravascular angiomatosis. Ten months after surgery, the patient had asthma with notable blood eosinophilia and increased serum IgE levels without demonstrable allergens. The possible relationship between these findings is presented. PMID- 7283456 TI - Infraorbital fold in atopic dermatitis. AB - An infraorbital fold (Dennie-Morgan fold) occurred in 74 (25%) of 300 patients with atopic dermatitis. Lower eyelid dermatitis was initially seen in 69 (23%) of these 300 patients. Of the 69 patients with lower eyelid dermatitis, 57 (83%) showed the infraorbital fold. However, such a fold was seen only in 17 (7%) of 231 patients who lacked lower eyelid dermatitis. An infraorbital fold also was observed in eight of 11 patients with contact dermatitis of the lower eyelid. Thus, it is likely that an infraorbital fold develops when the lower eyelid is affected with eczematous dermatoses of diverse origins. The frequent occurrence of an infraorbital fold in patients with atopic dermatitis may be caused by the fact that the eyelid is a site of predilection for this dermatitis. PMID- 7283461 TI - Steatocystoma multiplex limited to the scalp. PMID- 7283459 TI - Apical pulmonary adenocarcinoma with contralateral hyperhidrosis. PMID- 7283462 TI - Granulomatous perivasculitis in Crohn's disease. PMID- 7283458 TI - Erythema resulting from suberythemogenic doses of ultraviolet radiation and methotrexate. AB - A tender diffuse erythema developed in a 47-year-old man who had psoriasis when he was treated with either suberythemogenic oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy or ultraviolet (UV)-B phototherapy and intramuscular methotrexate (MTX). Phototests with middle- and long-wavelength UV fluorescent lamps indicated that the sequence and timing of each therapeutic exposure were important to the development of the erythema. Histologic examination of the erythematous area demonstrated an increased number of pyknotic keratinocytes (sunburn cells) in the upper epidermis. It is possible that MTX prevented the repair of DNA damage caused by UV exposure, leading to the appearance of the sunburn cells and erythema. Care must be exercised when using UV radiation and MTX in combination. PMID- 7283460 TI - Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis. Sweet's syndrome. AB - Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (AFND) (Sweet's syndrome) is characterized by warm, erythematous plaques, accompanied by arthralgias, fever, and leukocytosis. A 53-year-old man was seen with chronic, recurrent, and unusually persistent AFND. The patient had a history of a gastrojejunostomy for peptic ulcer disease and had symptoms of the blind loop syndrome. Medical therapy for the blind loop syndrome failed to control his skin lesions, fever, or leukocytosis. His symptoms did respond to prednisone therapy, however. The relationship of AFND to the bowel bypass syndrome is discussed. PMID- 7283463 TI - A lichenoid eruption induced by penicillamine. PMID- 7283464 TI - Cheyletiella dermatitis. PMID- 7283465 TI - Smooth-muscle hamartoma. Possible congenital Becker's nevus. PMID- 7283466 TI - 8-methoxypsoralen and the eye. AB - The kinetics of migration of radiolabeled 8-methoxypsoralen into human cataract lenses were investigated in 12 patients undergoing operation. Lenses were examined from 2.5 - 72 h after intake of 3H-labeled 8-methoxypsoralen by mouth. Demonstrable amounts of activity was only found in two of three lenses studied 24 h after intake. The aqueous humor contained less 8-methoxypsoralen than serum. The results of the study may add support to the opinion that a less rigorous sunglass regimen than that recommended by certain PUVA centers may be justified. PMID- 7283467 TI - Elastic fibre arrangement in the skin of the pig. AB - After the removal of collagen and ground substance by autoclaving tissue samples and subsequently applying the SEM technique, a dense meshwork of elastic fibres could be demonstrated in the dermis of the pig (wild boar, domestic pig, miniature pig). The abdominal body region showed relatively large amounts of elastic fibres compared to the back and the lateral body wall. In comparison with the papillary layer and the mid-dermis, thicker elastic fibres predominated in the deeper dermis; thinner fibres were attaching to the epidermis and the pilosebaceous units. The results are discussed in relation to corresponding investigations on the human dermis. PMID- 7283469 TI - Epidermal vacuolation: an artifact due to injection of local anesthetics. AB - To elucidate the mechanism of vacuolation frequently encountered in the normal epidermal cells surrounding skin tumors, 0.5 and 1.0% procaine hydrochloride, and 1.0% lidocaine hydrochloride with and without epinephrine were injected either i.d. or s.c. into mature white male rabbits, and the sites of injection were biopsied either immediately or after 15 min. the epidermis of the site of intradermal injection showed a significant increase in the number of vacuolated cells in contrast to the site of s.c. injection (p less than 0.001) irrespective of the kinds of local anesthetics and the time lapse from injection to biopsy. Electron microscopy revealed vacuole-formations without limiting membrane in the cytoplasm of the keratinocytes. It is suggested that the local edema in the upper dermis caused by injection of anesthetics gives rise to edema and vacuolation of overlying epidermal cells, and that i.d. injection of local anesthetics may be regarded as a cause of epidermal vacuolation. PMID- 7283470 TI - Prevention of changes after UV-irradiation by sunscreen products in skin of hairless mice. AB - Female hairless mice (strain mutant hr/hr) have been irradiated with increasing doses of UV-B over a period of 4 weeks. They were compared with untreated controls Additional groups of 30 mice were treated with milk base or cream base or milk SPF6 or cream SPF6 or cream SPF8 daily before irradiation. No changes of body weight indicating systemic effects were found. Skin thickness was increased significantly after irradiation. These changes were partially antagonized by cream or milk bases and completely prevented by the corresponding formulations containing sunscreen agents. Under the chosen conditions ultimate load of excised skin samples was increased by irradiation. This effect was not reversed by the bases but by the sunscreen products. Ultimate strain of excised skin samples proved to be the most sensitive indicator. The decrease of ultimate strain after irradiation was partially antagonized by the bases. The sunscreen products had more powerful effect. Due to the effects on skin thickness and ultimate load tensile strength and modulus of elasticity did not show significant changes under the chosen conditions. Likewise, collagen and elastin content per gram wet weight did not show significant changes. Considering the increase of thickness of skin which is prevented by sunscreen products one may conclude also a prevention of formation of additional intercellular material. The results prove the value of sunscreen products. Furthermore, they demonstrate a new method for evaluation of chemicals and sun protection preparations. PMID- 7283471 TI - Incorporation of 14C-linoleic acid in cerebrosides of psoriatic and normal human skin. AB - Psoriasis is marked by loss of glycoalyx. Glycocalyx is composed of glycoproteins and glycolipids such as cerebrosides. It was shown that the incorporation of 14C linoleic acid in cerebrosides of normal and psoriatic human skin is different. In psoriatic epidermis and corium the turnover of this fatty acid is significantly elevated. It is suggested that in psoriasis the epidermal cell is not able to build up a regular carbohydrate sequences of lipids because the false carbohydrate chain activates the degradation of glycolipids and in compensating for the increased degradation raises the synthesis rate of glycolipids. PMID- 7283468 TI - Ultrastructural studies of spontaneously regressing plane warts. Macrophages attack verruca-epidermal cells. AB - Plane warts were examined at the earliest phase of spontaneous involution using an electron microscopy. Macrophages outnumbered lymphocytes in invading the epidermis. Lymphocytes exhibited pseudopods on the surface which occasionally reached into the epidermal cells. The cell membranes of both macrophages and epidermal cells frequently disappeared on the contacting surface and on occasion part of the cytoplasm and even the nucleus of macrophages invaded the epidermal cells. The macrophages showed an independent partial loss of their cell membranes with a subsequent outpour of their contents. This ultrastructural feature indicates that in spontaneously regressing plane warts the depressed membrane stability of macrophages as observed in BCG and other-induced tumor cell destruction also occurs in the presence of lymphocytes. Therefore, the spontaneous involution may represent a rejection phenomenon. PMID- 7283473 TI - Lack of enhancement of experimental photocarcinogenesis by topical retinoic acid. AB - A controversy exists regarding the ability of retinoic acid to enhance photocarcinogenesis. Divergent results have been obtained with albino hairless mice. We examined this issue with the lightly pigmented variety. We followed two designs: 1. ultraviolet light and topical retinoic acid were given concomitantly while the retinoic acid was continued for many weeks after stopping irradiation; 2. tumors were first induced by ultraviolet light and then treated topically with retinoic acid. In both studies, retinoic acid did not enhance photocarcinogenesis with regard to latent period, tumor yield or tumor progression. It appears that different treatment schedules and different varieties of mice can produce widely disparate results. PMID- 7283472 TI - [Pruritus and bile acids. Determination of sulfalithoglycocholate and glycocholate in suction blister fluid and in serum (author's transl)]. AB - Until now is not clear, whether bile acids play a role in hepatogenic pruritus in patients with cholestasis. A correlation between serum levels and itching does not exist, and therefore an accumulation of bile acids in the skin was made responsible for the etiology of pruritus. However, this could not be proved in skin homogenisates whereas bile acids were found accumulated in the surface lipids of the skin. For this reason, the investigations presented here deal with the determination of glycocholate and sulfalithoglycocholate in suction blister fluid and in serum. The levels of these bile acids were remarkably lower in the fluid of the subepidermally located blisters than in the serum. No significant difference was found between the group of patients with pruritus and cholestasis and the group without cholestasis. These results show that an accumulation of bile acids in the skin does not exist. A correlation between bile acids in the skin and pruritus cannot be proved. PMID- 7283474 TI - Immuno-electron microscopical features of in vivo antibody binding during pemphigus blister formation. Revelation with a new technique: peroxidase-labeled protein A. AB - Pemphigus autoantibodies, bound in the epidermis during different stages of acantholysis, were demonstrated with a new technique for immuno-electron microscopy. Peroxidase-labeled Protein A was used as a new and specific tracer for tissue-bound antibodies of the IgG-type. Advantages were: (1) A small molecular weight of the tracer, (2) a rapid tissue penetration, and (3) shortened incubation times, thus better preserved tissue fine structures. Unspecific adsorption in tissues and on cells was found to be comparatively low. PMID- 7283475 TI - Stimulated mouse ear epidermis in explant culture- The effect of retinoic acid and hexadecane. AB - Ear skin of adult mice was used as a source of explant cultures of epidermal cells and the requirements for growth were defined. Two growth phases were observed, the first more rapid than the second. All-trans-retinoic acid or n hexadecane was applied topically for up to 9 days and the skin was then used for explant cultures. During both treatments the ear became red and swollen. The epidermis became hyperkeratotic or deprived of its horny layer. The thickness of the stratum Malpighii increased to up to nine layers, from the normal of two or three layers. The stratum granulosum became multilayered and keratohyalin granules were abundant. Explants of n-hexadecane-treated skin behaved exactly as their normal controls. All-trans-retinoic acid included an increase in migratory cell activity during the first growth phase. In the second growth phase the growth rate was similar or lower than that of the controls. PMID- 7283476 TI - The establishment of pure mammalian epidermal melanocyte cultures through growth in high levels of mycostatin. PMID- 7283477 TI - Clinical significance of measurements of carcinoembryonic antigen in serum of patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were determined radioimmunologically before initiation of therapy in the serum of 88 patients suffering from carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The overall incidence of elevated CEA levels (above 12 ng/ml) was 43%. There was a positive correlation between the incidence of elevated CEA levels and the clinical stage of disease. CEA levels before treatment had no prognostic value as far as median survival time was concerned. In contrast, CEA levels measured immediately after therapy in patients with initially elevated levels turned out to be of prognostic significance. When the posttreatment concentrations of CEA were within the normal range, the median survival time was longer than 990 days (duration of follow-up). When the CEA levels remained elevated, however, the median survival time was only 291 days. Thus, CEA measurements appear to be an additional tool in the follow-up of PMID- 7283478 TI - Hematologic parameters and iron state in the perinatal period. AB - In 51 unselected mothers, we studied, before and after delivery: serum ferritin, serum iron, serum transferrin, the erythrocyte count, the hemoglobin concentration, the hematocrit, and the derived red cell indices. Eighteen percent of women showed a hemoglobin value below 120 g/l. The mean transferrin saturation (22 +- 7.6% (SD) and the mean serum ferritin (34 +/- 18 micrograms/l (SD) indicated a probable decrease of iron stores at term. Only three patients seemed to show hematological evidence of latent iron deficiency, and none had manifest iron deficiency. A decrease of iron stores is considered to be physiological. There was no apparent relation between iron store values and infant birth weight centiles. After delivery the changes in red blood indices showed a close correlation with the amount of blood lost during delivery. At 5 or 6 days post partum the serum ferritin level increased and values showed a wide scatter. As with other acute phase proteins, ferritin synthesis might be stimulated by the non-specific mechanisms during the perinatal period. Hence, after normal delivery serum ferritin levels do not necessarily indicate normal iron stores. PMID- 7283479 TI - Urodynamic findings following surgery in women with urinary stress incontinence. III. Communication: A modified Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure. AB - Urodynamic data from patients with stress incontinence were assessed before, and one year after, a modified Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz (MMK) procedure. A comparison was made between patients cured and those not cured by the operation. After the operation the maximal urethral closure pressure was significantly raised in both groups (P = 0.0418). The functional urethral length showed only an insignificant increase. Prior to surgery both functional urethral length and maximal urethral closure pressure were significantly higher in those patients who were cured by the operation compared with those who suffered from recurrent incontinence (P =0.00116 and P = 0.00090, respectively). These high preoperative values of urethral closure pressure and functional urethral length seem to be important prognostic factors. A comparison with previously published data from patients operated on by anterior colporrhaphy or the Pereyra suspension showed that urethral closure pressure was highest after the MMK procedure. Therefore the MMK operation seems to be specially suitable for incontinent patients with low maximal urethral closure pressure. PMID- 7283483 TI - [Benign clear cell tumour of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283482 TI - [Histopathology in invasive lobular carcinoma. A study of eight cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283480 TI - "Epithelioid" vascular cells in lymph nodes and evidence of glomus structures. AB - Examination of more than 9,000 lymph nodes by light microscopy has shown epithelioid cell nests in 40 (6.7%) of 600 surgical specimens from operations for breast carcinoma. Such epithelioid cell nests have occasionally been described as "benign nevus cells in the capsule of lymph nodes". The present study shows that such cell foci are relatively frequent and that they originate from cells in the vascular walls. This vascular origin makes the observed spectrum of such structures glomus-like. They can often be identified at several foci and especially in the trabecular reticulum of a lymph node capsule. They measure between 35 microns and 150 microns and may be compared with capillary arteriovenous anastomoses. Five foci showed increased cellularity and even a tumorous expansion into the corticopulpal zone measuring up to 1,500 microns across. With the demonstration of a matrix of vascular muscle cells beneath the glomus-like structures, the relatively rare tumors are defined as "nodular capillary glomus cell proliferations". PMID- 7283484 TI - [Primary intracerebral granular cell tumor of astrocytic origin. Case report and literature review (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283485 TI - [Malignant histiocytosis. A histological and cyto-pathological study of twenty five cases in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283486 TI - [The effects of some types of urethritis on the cytology of the fossa navicularis of the human masculine urethra (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283481 TI - Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from women with urethral syndrome. AB - Urethral swabs were examined for Chlamydia trachomatis in 22 women suffering from urethral syndrome and in an age-matched control group without genito-urinary symptoms. Full urodynamic investigation was done in patients with urinary symptoms. In this group the isolation rate of C. trachomatis was significantly higher than in the control group (59% versus 13%, P less than 0.01). Therefore C. trachomatis must be considered as one of the possible causes of the female urethral syndrome. Five out of eight patients with positive culture who were treated with minocycline had a negative follow-up culture and the clinical results of this treatment were variable. PMID- 7283487 TI - [Intra-hepatic tuberculous biliary caverns. A case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283488 TI - [Intestinal spirochetosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283490 TI - [Onchocerca and onchocercosis]. PMID- 7283489 TI - [Unusual location of solitary extramedullary plasmocytoma: diffuse gingival plasmocytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283491 TI - Geographical aspects of onchocerciasis. PMID- 7283492 TI - The reinvasion of the onchocerciasis control programme area in the Volta River Basin by Simulium damnosum S.L., the involvement of the different cytospecies and epidemiological implications. PMID- 7283493 TI - [Species of the genus Onchocerca and primarily O. volvulus, considered from an epidemiologic and phylogenetic point of view]. PMID- 7283494 TI - The epidemiology and control of Brugian filariasis in South East Asia : an update. PMID- 7283495 TI - Methodology of experimental chemotherapy of lymphatic filariasis. PMID- 7283496 TI - [New reservoir for onchocercosis in Burundi]. PMID- 7283497 TI - A new look at the mode of action of some old and new antifilarial compounds. PMID- 7283498 TI - [Pathologic and immunologic manifestations as a function of age in an endemic area for onchocercosis in Zaire]. PMID- 7283499 TI - [Importance of the study of digestive passage in larvae of Simulium damnosum S.L. in the fight against this onchocercosis vector]. PMID- 7283500 TI - [Transmission of Onchocerca volvulus by Simulium albivirgulatum in the endemic area for onchocercosis of the Central Basin, Zaire]. PMID- 7283501 TI - [Recent advances and current trends in the immunology of filariases]. PMID- 7283503 TI - Aortoenteric fistula. AB - Because of the unacceptably high mortality rate associated with aortoenteric fistula, we have constantly re-evaluated our experience with this lesion. A study of 31 cases of aortoenteric fistula proven at operation has provided a better understanding of the prevention and management of aortoenteric fistula. Prevention remains the primary goal, as the treatment of this complication even with the adoption of recommendations made in our paper can be expected to continue to carry a significant late mortality rate. The most important point in prevention is to provide adequate protection between gut and graft, using tissue, prosthetic cuff and correct reperitonealization techniques. Systemic or groin infection should be followed by prompt total removal of the graft before the onset of aortoenteric fistula. Once aortoenteric fistula is present, early operation with removal of the graft, proper closure of the aortic and enteric openings, and sump drainage of the area is indicated. Blood supply to the extremities is supplied by extra-anatomic bypass or endarterectomy if the underlying problem is arterial occlusive disease. Paraprosthetic aortoenteric fistulas may be diagnosed early by the presence of fever, blood culture, and a high degree of suspicion. CAT and gallium 67 scanning can be helpful in identifying this early type of fistula. PMID- 7283504 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism: four- to eight-year postoperative follow-up demonstrating persistent functional insignificance of microscopic parathyroid hyperplasia and decreased autonomy of parathyroid hormone release. AB - Thirty-nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied four to eight years after their initial operation. In six patients, both the pathologist and surgeon agreed on the diagnosis of solitary adenoma; in 16 patients, the surgeon diagnosed solitary adenoma and the pathologist parathyroid hyperplasia (microscopic hyperplasia). In 16 patients, primary chief cell hyperplasia was agreed upon by the pathologist and surgeon. In the 16 patients with microscopic hyperplasia, there have been no long-term recurrences of hypercalcemia, but, in two patients, plasma parathyroid hormone levels are high. Parathyroid hormone- total calcium regression curves demonstrate significant preoperative correlation in solitary adenoma, p less than 0.01, and primary chief cell hyperplasia, p less than 0.05. After operation, significant correlations were not found between parathyroid hormone and total calcium. T-testing slope differences of pre- and postoperative parathyroid hormone--total calcium regression curves demonstrates a significant (p less than 0.01) shift to the right of the microscopic hyperplasia patients after operation, moving them to a broader range of total calcium per picogram parathyroid hormone. We conclude that 1) in primary hyperparathyroidism, positive regulation of total calcium by autonomously released parathyroid hormone exists in patients with solitary adenoma and chief cell hyperplasia; 2) autonomously functioning parathyroid tissue has been removed by operation for solitary adenoma with coexistent microscopic parathyroid hyperplasia. In this four- to eight-year follow-up period, it is clear that microscopic parathyroid hyperplasia is not associated with recurrent hypercalcemia. Two functionally distinct forms of parathyroid suppression are suggested; positively regulated microscopic hyperplasia and negatively regulated pathologically suppressed glands. PMID- 7283502 TI - Surgical management of congenital coronary artery fistulas. AB - Congenital fistulas are the most common of the coronary arterial malformations and with the widespread use of selective coronary arteriography are being recognized with increasing frequency. Twenty-eight patients with congenital coronary fistulas have been evaluated at the Duke University Medical Center between 1960 and 1981. An additional 258 patients have previously been reported in the literature, making a total of 286 available for review. The right coronary artery is most commonly involved, and the fistulous communication is most often to the right ventricle, right atrium or pulmonary artery. Slightly more than half of the patients with coronary fistulas are symptomatic at the time the diagnosis is made. Surgical correction is strongly recommended to prevent the development of congestive heart failure, angina, subacute bacterial endocarditis, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary hypertension, as well as coronary aneurysm formation, with subsequent rupture or embolization. There were no operative or late deaths in the patients who underwent operations. Moreover, there have been no recurrent fistulas during a mean follow-up period of ten years. The risks of operative correction appear to be considerably less than the potential for development of serious and potentially fatal complications, even in asymptomatic patients. PMID- 7283505 TI - Principles of surgical treatment for carcinoma of the esophagus: analysis of lymph node involvement. AB - Extensive lymph node dissections in the posterior mediastinum and abdomen were performed during resections of esophageal carcinomas. Analysis of lymph nodes demonstrated a widespread distribution of positive lymph nodes regardless of the location of the tumor. The distribution of positive lymph nodes was noticed in the area between the superior mediastinum and the celiac region. The studies were also made on the distribution of positive lymph nodes in the superior gastric region, particularly in the region of the lesser curvature of the stomach. The following principles should be followed when carcinoma of the esophagus is surgically treated. 1) Lymph node dissection of the whole length of the posterior mediastinum, superior gastric region, and celiac region must be performed. 2) Total thoracic and abdominal esophagectomy with resection of the proximal lesser curvature and cardia, including the first to fourth branches, and preferably the fifth branch of the left gastric artery, is mandatory in order to remove possible lymphatic and intramural spread of tumors. 3) Satisfactory esophageal replacement in one stage must follow. Of the Toranomon Hospital, 210 underwent resections and reconstructions, for a resectability rate of 59.3%. The operative mortality rate was 1.4% and the overall five-year survival rate was 34.6%. PMID- 7283506 TI - Prognostic factors in bile duct carcinoma: analysis of 96 cases. AB - A computerized analysis of prognostic variables was performed in 96 proven cases of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma treated over a 24-year period at UCLA. Forty nine percent of the lesions were in the upper third of the bile ducts and 47% of these were resected, for an operative mortality rate of 23% and a maximum survival rate of 4.5 years. Palliative procedures in this region were associated with a 16% mortality rate and maximum survival rate of three years. The patients whose lesions were in the middle third suffered no operative mortality rate for resection or palliation and had a 12% five-year survival rate, with the longest survivor lasting 11 years. In the lower third lesions, 67% were resected by Whipple's procedures, for an 8% mortality rate and a five-year survival rate of 28% extending to nine years. Resection of these difficult carcinomas offers the best hope of survival but must be weighed against the high operative mortality risk in those lesions located in the hilar region. PMID- 7283508 TI - Pseudo-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: hypergastrinemia, hyperchlorhydria without tumor. AB - The purpose of the investigation was to detect ulcer patients having nontumorous hypergastrinemic hyperchlorhydria and to diagnostically differentiate this pseudo Zollinger-Ellison syndrome from neurogenic duodenal ulcer disease and pancreatic gastrinomas. Nine patients having clinical, radiologic and humoral findings simulating the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or severe duodenal ulcer disease were studied by physiologic provocative testing. The patients, not having pancreaticoduodenal gastrinomas, had an antral mucosal source of their moderate hypergastrinemia even after vagotomy with drainage, which was eliminated in eight patients treated by surgical antrectomy, resulting in normal serum gastrin concentrations. The pseudo-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is, thus, characterized physiologically by an exaggerated gastrin response to meals, no response to secretin stimulation and pathologically by hyperfunctioning hyperplastic G cells of the antrum. The clinical, physiologic, pathologic and surgical features were integrated for accurate diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7283507 TI - Abdominal sacral resection of locally recurrent rectal cancer. AB - Local recurrence of rectal cancer develops in the posterior bony pelvis as an isolated event in about half of the patients with recurrence. Although radiation can palliate sacral root pain, the disease is usually progressive and is rarely amenable to conventional resection. We have adapted a surgical technique usually used for primary sacral tumors, which permits a complete en bloc excision of recurrent rectal cancer in most instances. This approach consists of a laparotomy with pelvic dissection and mobilization of structures to be resected. The patient is repositioned prone and the posterior pelvis (sacrum and side walls) is then resected with preservation of appropriate nerve roots of the posterior pelvis and the sciatic nerve. Reconstruction is done with muscle and skin flaps. We have done 21 such procedures, of which, 11 were for pelvic recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma. Seven patients had resections for cure and four had palliative resections of fungating or infected tumors. All but one patient was postabdominal perineal resection and nine patients had been irradiated (3000-9000 rads). Two patients had received up to 9000 rads in separate courses (external beam in one and interstitial radiation in the other). The posterior extent of resection was S1-2 to 5 in six patients; S3 to 5 in three patients, and S4-5 in two patients. Anterior exenteration was performed in three patients and three patients had additional resection of other organs. In the curative resection group, three patients are living free of disease at six, ten, and 52 months, and one patient was NED at 60 months, but has again had tumor recurrance and is living with disease at 65 months. One patient died of disease at 13 months and one patient died of a pulmonary embolus following resection for ureteral obstruction at five months. One postoperative death occurred from a cerebrovascular accident at 52 days. In the palliative resection group, three patients survived with relief of local tumor symptoms four, eight, and 12 months. One patient who had received a total of 9000 rads developed flap necrosis, small bowel fistula and died 60 days after resection. Although this is a small series, it suggests that abdominal sacral resection of locally advanced pelvic cancer is feasible and may provide good palliation in most and possible cure in some patients who develop recurrence after primary resection of adenocarcinoma of the rectum. PMID- 7283509 TI - Delayed gastric emptying of liquids and solids following Roux-en-Y biliary diversion. AB - Recent reports cite an increased incidence in delayed gastric emptying following Roux-en-Y biliary diversion for alkaline reflux gastritis. The effect of Roux-en Y diversion on the gastric emptying of liquids and solids was evaluated following vagotomy and antrectomy and vagotomy and subtotal gastrectomy. Twenty dogs underwent placements of large Thomas cannula in the stomach. Four dogs with intact stomachs served a controls. Eight dogs each with vagotomy and antrectomy were subdivided into Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy (RYA) and a Billroth II (B-IIA) group. Eight dogs each with vagotomy and subtotal gastrectomy were subdivided into similar groups. Four dogs - Roux-en-Y (RSTG) and four dogs - Billroth II (B IISTG). Gastric emptying of solid food, normal saline and 25% dextrose was evaluated. RYA dogs demonstrated a significant delay in gastric emptying of solids compared with corresponding B-IIA animals. RYA dogs had 76, 61 and 42% of solid food retained at three, five and eight hours while B-II animals retained 56, 41 and 20%, respectively. The results are highly significant at all time intervals (p less than 0.001 at five and eight hours). Control animals retained 34, 17 and 3% of solid food at three, five and eight hours. RSTG animals had 73, 52 and 28% retained solids at three, five and eight hours, while B-IISTG animals had 55, 42 and 13% retention, respectively (p less than 0.05 at eight hours). Normal saline was significantly delayed in both Roux-en-Y subgroups compared with B-II dogs (p less than 0.02 in V/A, p less than 0.05 in V/STG). There was a trend toward delayed emptying of 25% dextrose in the Roux-en-Y groups, but significance was achieved only in the RYA compared with B-IIA groups (p less than 0.02 at 30 minutes). Delayed gastric emptying following Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy is documented in the experimental animals which underwent vagotomy and appears greater in magnitude than that observed following vagotomy and B-II gastrectomy. These data corroborate the clinical observations of severe delayed gastric emptying in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y diversions for alkaline gastritis. PMID- 7283510 TI - Treatment of abdominal abscesses: comparative evaluation of operative drainage versus percutaneous catheter drainage guided by computed tomography or ultrasound. AB - Computed tomography and, to a lesser extent, ultrasonography provide detailed anatomic localization of intra-abdominal abscesses that permit precise percutaneous placement of catheters large enough to effect drainage. Using routes similar to surgical approaches, the authors have used this technique as definitive therapy for intra-abdominal abscesses. To assess its efficacy, the results in the 27 patients treated percutaneously over the last five years have been compared with the results in the 43 patients treated by operative intervention over the past ten years. In the percutaneous group, complications (4%), inadequate drainage (11%), and duration of drainage (17 days) were less than in the operative group (16%, 21% and 29 days respectively). These results indicate that percutaneous drainage is at least as efficacious as operative drainage and avoids the risks of a major operative procedure. PMID- 7283512 TI - Response to the report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Recertification of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. The American Board of Thoracic Surgery. PMID- 7283511 TI - Realistic evaluation of the experienced certified thoracic surgeon. PMID- 7283513 TI - Assurance. AB - The Society of Thoracic Surgeons was created for practicing thoracic surgeons, but the response to recertification indicates there has been a breakdown in communication between practicing thoracic surgeons and the leadership of this Society and other decision-making organizations of our specialty. To provide greater input and participation by members, it is suggested that regional representatives be elected to the Council, open discussion of issues important to thoracic surgeons be held at the Annual Meetings, small-group clinical workshops be added to the Scientific Sessions to increase opportunity for participation, and more nonacademic surgeons be included as members of working committees of the Society. Recertification represents the third phase on the part of the medical education and establishment of standards for postgraduate training. The members' response to a questionnaire concerning recertification indicates they agree that periodic review of competence should be available and that they are willing to undergo peer review and fulfill requirements for continuing medical education participation. They are opposed to multiple-choice, cognitive examinations but would be in favor of a self-education/self-assessment program to review knowledge. The periodic review of competence should require review of performance, and a mechanism for accomplishing this must be developed. PMID- 7283514 TI - An analysis of the isoenzymes of creatine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase in the esophagus. AB - Surgical manipulation of muscular organs can cause alterations of the serum isoenzymes of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), which are frequently used to confirm the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). Since the content of these enzymes and their isoenzymes has not been established for the esophagus, an experiment was conducted to evaluate and compare the enzymes in postmortem specimens from humans and fresh canine specimens. One gram transmural esophageal sections were taken from specimens having no demonstrable disease. All samples were homogenized individually in Ringer's lactate solution and centrifuged, and the supernatants were analysed for the respective isoenzyme distributions by agarose gel electrophoresis. From the study we drew the following conclusions: (1) all three isoenzymes of CPK (including CPK-MB, the myocardialisoenzyme) are present in the esophagus; (2) LDH, the isoenzyme of LDH most prevalent in myocardium, is the least common of the five isoenzymes of LDH in the esophagus; (3) the dog is an appropriate model for studying changes of these isoenzymes after operation; and (4) any potential confusion in diagnosing postoperative MI due to esophageal CPK-MB in the serum can be resolved, theoretically, by analyzing LDH serum isoenzymes. In myocardial infarction, LDH becomes the predominant isoenzyme, whereas esophageal injury should be associated, theoretically, with a serum LDH isoenzyme pattern in which LDH is the least prevalent isoenzyme. PMID- 7283515 TI - Mechanical and cellular bacterial clearance in lung atelectasis. AB - A pig model with aerosolized pneumococcal bacteria was used to establish that bacterial clearance in a collapsed lung in the perioperative period was decreased compared with the opposite, aerated lung. Cannulation of the right lymphatic duct revealed a significant increase in both lymph flow and ratio of lymph to plasma protein, indicating the development of a high-permeability edema in the collapsed, infected lung. Only 22% of the efferent lymph and blood was positive for the infecting organism. Examination of the T cells obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage showed an initial fall in the numbers of alveolar macrophages at 6 hours after collapse and infection, relative to the opposite, control lung. However, at 24 hours, the collapsed lung had replenished its alveolar macrophage population to such a degree that it was greater than the control. Electron microscopy revealed that the macrophages in the collapsed lung were more activated with increased lysosomal and pseudopodial activity. The in vitro chemotactic function of the macrophages appeared depressed, but phagocytosis and intracellular bactericidal activity were increased in the atelectatic lung. We conclude that there is a decreased bacterial clearance capacity in atelectasis. This finding indicates that impaired mucociliary clearance plays the dominant role in susceptibility to infection. PMID- 7283516 TI - Aortopulmonary septal defect: hemodynamics, angiography, and operation. AB - Twenty-five patients with malseptation of the aortopulmonary trunk resulting in aortopulmonary septal defect (window) were evaluated in a unique combined surgical series assembled from two institutions participating in the USA-USSR Health Exchange Program. Typical aortopulmonary septal defect or window (type I) with the connection between the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery was found in 21 patients. Four had a more cephalad defect (type II) between the ascending aorta and the origin of the right pulmonary artery. Hemodynamics were the consequence of a large left-to-right shunt (mean ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow, 3.0) with right ventricular hypertension (mean right ventricular pressure, 86 mm Hg) and increased pulmonary vascular resistance (mean, 7.4 U) (mean ratio of pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance, 0.33). Angiography may provide patterns that allow preoperative distinction between the two types of aortopulmonary septal defect and provide information important in planning the details of corrective operation. Operative techniques included ligation, direct suture, and patch closure of the aortopulmonary septal defect. The best method appeared to be patch closure by the transaortic approach; real and potential problems were associated with other techniques. PMID- 7283519 TI - Isolated first rib fracture: clinical significance after blunt chest trauma. PMID- 7283520 TI - An operation for the hypoplastic left heart syndrome: preliminary report. AB - A successful first-stage operation for physiological correction of hypoplastic left heart syndrome is reported. This consists of creating a proximal communication between the pulmonary artery and the aorta while perfusing the lungs through a 3 mm orifice in a flap of pulmonary artery wall. The flap is turned in to partition the main pulmonary artery. We believe this operation has more potential for subsequent correction using the Fontan approach than previously reported first-stage procedures. Thus, further trial is indicated in selected patients. PMID- 7283517 TI - Aggressive treatment of acquired phrenic nerve paralysis in infants and small children. AB - Transthoracic diaphragmatic plication is a simple and effective means of treatment for phrenic nerve injury and resultant diaphragmatic paralysis, and should be undertaken as soon as the diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis is established in a child with substantial respiratory difficulty. Seven of more than 1,500 patients sustained phrenic nerve injury during operation for congenital heart disease at our institution over the past five years. All but 1 patient were less than 5 months old, and the average weight was 3.8 kg. Five of the 7 could not be weaned from the ventilator, and the other 2 had persistent postoperative tachypnea and stridor. Before 1980, 3 patients were intubated for an average of 16 days prior to diagnosis by fluoroscopy. Since then, 4 patients have been intubated for an average of 7.8 days before diagnosis. All 7 underwent transthoracic diaphragmatic plication and were extubated by 6 days after operation (mean, 3.7 days). Six patients survived and are doing well. The 1 death occurred in 1976 in a premature infant with multiple congenital cardiac lesions; diagnosis was delayed until the twenty-eighth day after intubation and transthoracic diaphragmatic plication, until the sixty-second day. This infant died of pneumonia one month after extubation. These data support our policy of establishing an early diagnosis of phrenic nerve injury and early treatment utilizing transthoracic diaphragmatic plication in symptomatic children. PMID- 7283518 TI - Surgical treatment of aneurysms of the transverse aortic arch: experience with 25 patients using hypothermic techniques. AB - Surgical treatment of aneurysms of the transverse aortic arch has been a challenge to cardiovascular surgeons. The problems include protection of the brain and spinal cord from ischemic or embolic injury, prevention of hemorrhage and coagulopathy, and prevention of myocardial damage during prolonged extracorporeal circulation. Two methods are described. Group 1 included 20 patients in whom deep hypothermic conditions were induced (12 degree to 16 degree C) followed by circulatory arrest and partial exsanguination. In this group a 50% hospital mortality occurred. Patients in Group 2 underwent moderate induced hypothermia (24 degree to 26 degree C) with continuous cerebral perfusion during the period of peripheral circulatory arrest. Four of 5 patients survived this technique, leading us to believe this method is preferred over the deeper levels of hypothermia. A method of preclotting the Dacron graft with platelet-rich plasma and autoclaving is described. It has eliminated interstitial bleeding through fabric grafts. PMID- 7283522 TI - Mitral valve bypass by valved conduit. PMID- 7283523 TI - A new approach to pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta. PMID- 7283525 TI - Transvenous insertion of double sets of permanent electrodes through a single introducer: clinical application. PMID- 7283524 TI - Maintenance of distal aortic perfusion by a heparin-bonded shunt during repair of coarctation of the aorta with minimal collateral circulation. PMID- 7283521 TI - Extrinsic coronary artery obstruction by chronic aortic dissection. PMID- 7283526 TI - Management of the cardiovascular subsystem after cardiac surgery. PMID- 7283527 TI - Recertification of thoracic and cardiovascular surgeons. PMID- 7283529 TI - Immunological consequences of vasectomy. AB - In more than 50% of men, vasectomy leads to auto-immune pathology. The auto immune response to sperms following vasectomy is triggered by the phagocytosis of sperm in the epididymis. In the humoral immune response, sperm agglutinating, sperm immobilizing, and antibodies to sperm nuclear protamines occur, as early as 3-4 days after vasectomy. The incidence reaches 60-70% within 1 year and remains almost the same even after 20 years. Presence and effects of circulating immune complexes following vasectomy are discussed with reference to reported increased incidence of atherosclerosis and auto-immune orchitis in experimental animals. There is no positive conclusion whether vasectomy leads to cell mediated immunity to spermatozoa. PMID- 7283528 TI - Immunological control of male fertility. AB - A notable feature of the male gametes is the presence in them of proteins that are "foreign" to the immune system of both male and the female. It is there that are considered responsible for the elicitation of auto- and iso-antibodies in certain natural infertility cases. By virtue of their dual application in both sexes the sperm antigens have interesting potential for exploration as possible agents for control of fertility. PMID- 7283530 TI - Vasovasostomy-microscopy versus macroscopic techniques. AB - Many different surgical techniques of vasovasostomy can be successful. Many factors, both technical and nontechnical, play a role in determining pregnancy. Theoretical considerations such as leakage of sperm, obstruction and narrowing of the anastomosis, suggest that a stentless technique with exact approximation of mucosal edges will result in a better success rate. Careful macroscopic surgery with the use of fine suture material, and experience on the part of the surgeon, will give good results and pregnancy rates of up to 50%. Microsurgery becomes quite important when the anastomosis is performed in the convoluted portion of the vas and epididymis. The microscope allows more mobility in permitting one to determine if the patient has a block proximal to the vasectomy site, and then bypass these blocks. Conventional macroscopic techniques do not allow for this freedom of choice. Factors other than technique are also important and are discussed. PMID- 7283531 TI - [Non-digitalic cardiac inotropic agents]. PMID- 7283532 TI - [Experimental electro-vectorcardiographic study of anterior septal necrosis with extension to the anterior surface of the right ventricle]. PMID- 7283533 TI - [Acute and chronic threshholds in epicardial stimulation of the diaphragmatic surface of the right ventricle]. AB - Between March 1974, and November 1979, a total of 244 epicardial electrodes, 29 in the anterior surface and 215 in the right ventricular diaphragmatic surface (RVDS) were implanted using the 212 a left subcostal approach. In 174 consecutive patients (mean age 64 years) a preoperative epicardial electrophysiological study was made (mapping), with measurement of voltage, current, lead impedance and R wave sensing in different zones of right ventricle. A comparative study between two types of sutureless electrodes was realized. In 21 cases, thresholds chronic measurement was made 32 months after implantation. There were one surgical death (0.4%) with a morbidity of 7.4%. The follow-up is 20 months mean. The mapped group has significantly lower thresholds and better sensing than the unmapped group (p 0.001). Chronic thresholds were obtained at pacemaker replacement in 21 cases (average 32 months postimplant) and were much lower in the mapped group. These are in line with the acute studies. PMID- 7283534 TI - [External fetal electrocardiograms with P wave. Report of 6 cases]. AB - The purpose of this report is to present six pregnancies in which by means of external fetal electrocardiography, besides the feto-maternal QRS complexes, a clear fetal P wave can be identified. The number of electrocardiograms taken per patient was of one or more. In one of the cases this finding has persisted from the 26th to the 30th weeks of pregnancy. When analyzing the clinical characteristics of the cases, the only commun finding was that each one of the pregnancies averaged between nineteen and twenty six weeks of amenorrhea. Attention is called to search for the possible reasons by which commonly the fetal P wave can not be detected. Findings of other authors are discussed. PMID- 7283535 TI - [Early discharge after acute uncomplicated infarction]. PMID- 7283536 TI - [Infectious endocarditis in valvular prostheses]. PMID- 7283537 TI - [Distal airway and lung mechanics in on-hypertensive interauricular communication]. PMID- 7283538 TI - [Follicular bronchiolitis in connective tissue disease and its repercussions on the pulmonary arteries]. AB - Connective tissue diseases may be associated with both an obstructive or a restrictive ventilatory defect. RAdiographic and microscopic findings usually reveal interstitial disease. This study describes a series of 11 patients with a connective tissue disease. Radiologically an interstitial pattern was observed, however, lung biopsies disclosed a bronchiolar lesion in which no pathology could be detected in alveolar septa. Vascular lesions were present in some cases an correlated roughly with time of onset. The bronchiolar lesions had no correlation with time of onset. We conclude that "interstitial disease" diagnosed by X-rays and pulmonary function studies may in fact, be caused by thickening of bronchioles and some blood vessels. PMID- 7283540 TI - [Phonomechanocardiographic-hemodynamic correlates of ventricular function parameters in patients with ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7283539 TI - [Ventricular rigidity in mitral stenosis measured by an echocardiographic and hemodynamic method]. AB - Ten patients with mitral stenosis underwent right and left heart catheterization. In order to assess the diastolic properties of these ventricles an hemodynamic echocardiografic techniques was employed. Left ventricular pressure and an echocardiogram of the body of the left ventricle were simultaneously registered. Ventricular volume was determined using the minor axis (T) of the left ventricle measured form the echogram and assuming the long axis (L) from the L to T relationship observed in the left cineventriculography. Using a microcromputer, a smoothed volume-time curve was obtained, together with its first derivative and a pressure-volume loop. The exponential portion of the diastolic loop was used to obtain a felt ventricular stiffness index at zero volume. End diastolic volume and ejection fraction were normals. Left ventricular filling was impaired but ventricular stiffness was found in the normal range. It is concluded that the proposed method permits the simultaneous obtention of pressure volume data. The processing of complex data can be achieved with a pocket microcomputer. There is no evidence of a left ventricular compliance defect in mitral stenosis. PMID- 7283543 TI - [Deparasitization of sows during lactation and of weanling pigs: effect on body weight of young pigs]. PMID- 7283542 TI - [Size of Rhinobatos rhinobatos (Linne, 1758) and Rh. cemiculus Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 1816 (Pisces, Rhinobatidae) of the Tunisian coasts at first sexual maturity]. PMID- 7283541 TI - [Pharmacologic bases of cardiovascular therapy with diuretics]. AB - Diuretics may have high, medium or low diuretic potency and their main site of diuretic action at the ascending limb of Henle's loop or at different biochemical sites of the distal tubulus. Loop diuretics have high diuretic potency, act abruptly, are not antihypertensives when prescribed as a monotherapy and are potentially ototoxic. The diuretics acting at the distal tubulus have a gentle time-course of diuretic activity and variable potencies and other properties. The mose frequent side-effect of diuretics is hypokalemia, whose development may be partially prevented by the prescription of a sodium restricted diet. Arrhythmias provoked by diuretics-induced hypokalaemia should be treated with magnesium and potassium. The most frequent drug interaction of diuretics is with unspecific inhibitors of prostaglandin's synthesis (aspirin and indomethacin) which decrease diuretic effects. Diuretics are indicated in the treatment of acute heart failure because of their direct and indirect vasoactive properties, in the treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency because of their diuretic and vasodilatatory properties and, those diuretics which show as antihypertensives, are first choice drugs in hypertension. PMID- 7283544 TI - [Lernaeenicus vorax Richiardi, 1877. Parasitic copepod of Sciaenides from the Gulf of Tunis (Tunisia)]. AB - The study of the Tunis bay Sciaenidae has made it possible to point out the presence of a parasite Copepod Lernaeenicus vorax Richiardi, 1877 with a more important parasitism in argyrosomus regius (11.5 %) and Umbrina cirrosa (9.2 %) in Sciaena umbra (0.6 %). The parasites, chiefly one per host, get fixed on the right side or on the left one preferably at the level of the fish's fins. Among Umbrina cirrosa the juveniles ones have proved to be more parasitic (82,13 %) than the adults one (17,85 %). PMID- 7283545 TI - [Host-parasite interactions in Coccus hesperidum L. (Hom. Coccidae) and its parasite Coccophagus scutellaris Dalman (hum. Aphelinidae). III. Effect of the number of hosts and their sanitary conditions on the oviposition of the parasite]. AB - Intensity of egg laying of Coccophagus scutellaris depends on the number of hosts available. It is found to be more important when the female has several hosts. Furthermore a better distribution of eggs is observed in that case. When parasited and parasiteless hosts are available, the female of Coccophagus deposits more eggs on the latter. This discriminating ability in relation to number and kinds of hosts available is discussed. PMID- 7283546 TI - [Technical note on the culture media prepared in vials manufactured at the Pasteur Institute of Tunis]. PMID- 7283547 TI - [Problems of aquaculture: brackish water and water cultivation potential]. PMID- 7283549 TI - Regulation of lithium in cerebrospinal fluid of the cat by the choroid plexus isolated in situ. AB - The role of the choroid plexus in regulating the lithium concentration in c.s.f. was studied by the use of the cat choroid plexus isolated in situ in a chamber. LiCl solution (154 mM) was infused i.v. to produce plasma lithium concentrations between 0 and 7.5 m-equiv/l. Over this range of plasma values the c.s.f./plasma ratio remained at 0.58. The plasma and c.s.f. concentrations were constant after about 90 min. Lithium (1.8 or 4.5 m-equiv/l.) was added to the artificial c.s.f. placed in the chamber at the start of a 30-min collection period. The lithium concentration in the chamber fluid was measured at the end of the collection period with the plasma concentration either 0 or greater than that in the chamber. When the lithium gradient was from chamber fluid to blood there was a net loss of lithium from the chamber and the amount was proportional to the gradient. However, when the gradient was in the opposite direction lithium was added to the chamber but the amount added was related to the plasma lithium concentration rather than to the blood-c.s.f. gradient. Altering the potassium concentration in the chamber fluid changed the rate of potassium transport without a comparable effect on lithium movement out of the chamber. Lithium transport by the potassium transport system does not appear to be a major factor in the loss of lithium from the chamber. The data suggest that lithium is transported actively across the choroid plexus into the c.s.f. by the system that is responsible for c.s.f. secretion. Movement from c.s.f. to blood appears to be accomplished primarily by passive diffusion when the c.s.f. concentration significantly exceeds that in the plasma. PMID- 7283550 TI - Comparative study of the action of local anesthetics on AV conductivity of dog heart in situ. AB - Effects of local anesthetics (procaine, lidocaine, prilocaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine) on AV conductivity were studied using a direct perfusion technique of the canine AV node artery in situ. The agents induced dose-dependent depression of AV conductivity in doses between 100 microgram and 3 mg. The depression was assumed to have resulted from their direct action on the AV node, since it was not affected by prior administration of atropine or tetrodotoxin into the AV node artery. The order of potency to suppress AV nodal conductivity evaluated from ED50 for causing first to third degrees of AV block was bupivacaine greater than mepivacaine = prilocaine = lidocaine greater than procaine with a relative potency ratio of 5 : 2--2.5 : 1. PMID- 7283548 TI - On the mechanism of action of an adrenergic blocking guanidine (CG8345-Go). AB - CG 8345 depletes noradrenaline stores in the rat, cat and dog tissues at a dose range of 1--50 mg/kg p.o. Unlike guanethidine there is no marked difference in the depleting effect of CG 8345 when given orally or intraperitoneally. The effect on the noradrenaline stores is longer lasting in cats and dogs as compared to rat. Like guanethidine CG 8345 releases H3-NA from the rat heart mainly in the form of bases. The compound gets accumulated into the sympathetically innervated organs by a specific uptake process which is similar to noradrenaline "pump" mechanism from where it can be released by reserpine. CG 8345 is stored in the same storage sites as noradrenaline in the rat heart. PMID- 7283551 TI - A comparison of the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin III in the canine renal vasculature. AB - The effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin III on systemic blood pressure and renal blood flow were studied in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs pretreated with phenoxybenzamine. Angiotensin II was more potent than angiotensin III in increasing systemic blood pressure when given intravenously. When angiotensin II and angiotensin III were administered directly into the renal artery, angiotensin II was also more potent than angiotensin III as a renal vasoconstrictor. Indomethacin potentiated the responses to angiotensin II and angiotensin III to the same extent. The results indicate that differential vasoconstrictor effects of the two peptides in renal vasculature contribute to the difference in potency of intravenously administered peptides on systemic blood pressure, and also suggest that vasodilator prostaglandins are involved in the vasoconstrictor properties of the two peptides in the renal vasculature of the dog. PMID- 7283553 TI - Return of the apothecary. PMID- 7283552 TI - Naloxone reversal of insulin-induced hypotension in reserpine pretreated rats. AB - The administration of insulin caused a gradual lowering of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in anaesthetized reserpinized rats. Injection of 1 mg/kg naloxone at the peak of the hypotension resulted in immediate restoration of blood pressure to pre-insulin control values. The recovery of the arterial blood pressure caused by naloxone lasted for 5 to 10 min and was entirely dependent on the reserpine pretreatment. The lowering of the blood pressure caused by insulin and the increase in systemic blood pressure after naloxone were of about the same magnitude in rats with bilateral denervation of the adrenal glands as in sham operated rats. It is concluded that in anaesthetized reserpinized rats, hypoglycemia causes the release of opiate-like material that mediates a hypotensive response. The origin, nature and site of action of this opioid activity is as yet not established, but does not appear to derive from the adrenal gland. PMID- 7283554 TI - Prevention in clinical practice. Problems and challenges. PMID- 7283555 TI - Role of the clinical pharmacist in improving drug therapy. Clinical pharmacists in outpatient therapy. AB - We analyzed the effectiveness of clinical pharmacists in improving medical records and patient compliance with outpatient drug regimens. Records of patients followed up in a rheumatology and renal clinic were reviewed and compared with their pharmacy files. Records were evaluated for completeness and accuracy of drugs ordered by the clinic physician. Compliance was estimated by examining drug refills. This review was performed before (control group) and nine months after (study group) the introduction of a clinical pharmacist into the clinics. A six month analysis demonstrates that the pharmacist significantly improved drug documentation, decreased the duplication of prescriptions, and improved compliance of prescribed drugs. The study suggests that the pharmacist improves documentation of drug therapy and estimated patient compliance; the decrease in duplicate prescriptions could prevent the risk of overdose and does reduce drug costs. PMID- 7283556 TI - Lymphocytic thyroiditis with spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism and subacute thyroiditis. Long-term follow-up. AB - In a one- to 15-year follow-up of 124 patients with a history of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) without and with spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism (SRH) (SAT and SAT-SRH, respectively), only three cases of thyroid disease probably unrelated to the original episode of thyroiditis were found. However, of the 54 patients with a history of lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT) with SRH (LT-SRH), 26 patients were found to have thyroid disease (three with hypothyroidism and 23 with goiters). Antithyroid antibodies were found to be present in 32% (8/25) of the LT-SRH group and in less than 10% (5/60) of the other three groups. The basal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were substantially increased in the LT-SRH group only, and the response of thyroid-stimulating hormone to 200 microgram of protirelin was augmented in both SAT-SRH and LT-SRH groups. These findings demonstrate that SAT and SAT-SRH are transient thyroid disease rarely leading to permanent thyroid disease, although some loss of thyroid reserve may occur. However, LT-SRH is a persistent progressive disease similar to or the same as chronic LT, in which goiter formation and thyroid failure are a natural course. PMID- 7283557 TI - National Exercise and Heart Disease Project. Psychosocial changes observed during a low-level exercise program. AB - Seven hundred eight-four men, 30 to 64 years of age, with documented myocardial infarctions less than three years prior to study admission, were admitted to a six-week low-level exercise program. Six hundred fifty-one subjects completed the program, in which exercise intensity was limited to a maximum of 72% of age predicted heart rate. This report characterizes study dropouts. In addition, the results suggest that low-level exercise is sufficient to stimulate positive psychosocial, sexual, and vocational changes in an upper middle class volunteer population. Recency of infarct is significantly correlated with degree of change in work capacity but does not appear to influence significantly the outcome variables, with the possible exception of return to sexual functioning. PMID- 7283558 TI - Postabsorptive urinary hydroxyproline test in patients with metastatic bone disease from breast cancer. AB - Postabsorptive urine hydroxyproline (HYPRO) excretion ("spot" HYPRO test) was compared with the 24-hour urine excretion of HYPRO in 45 patients with breast cancer and nine normal subjects on a low-gelatin diet. A good correlation was observed between the results of these two tests in both groups. Patients with skeletal metastasis showed a higher spot HYPRO value than those without bone involvement and the number of lesions by bone scanning correlated with the values of spot HYPRO. In 20 of 22 patients with bone metastasis followed up for three to 19 months, spot HYPRO values correlated well with the evolution of bone disease. We conclude that the spot HYPRO test is a simple, inexpensive, and accurate method for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with skeletal metastasis from breast cancer. PMID- 7283559 TI - Hypoglycemia. A common complication of septicemia in cirrhosis. AB - Asymptomatic hypoglycemia was demonstrated in 15 of 30 cirrhotic patients with septicemia. Blood glucose levels were measured daily in these patients. Severe circulatory failure was present in the 15 patients with hypoglycemia and was absent in the 15 patients with normal blood glucose levels. Hypoglycemia is a common complication of septic shock in patients with cirrhosis, and blood glucose levels should be systematically measured in cirrhotic patients with septicemia or shock. Septicemia should be considered in any cirrhosis patient with a low blood glucose level. PMID- 7283563 TI - Methylenedioxyamphetamine. Clinical description of overdose, death, and review of pharmacology. AB - Methylenedioxyamphetamine is a commonly used "street drug", with a reputation of providing a "good trip". The drug is structurally similar to both mescaline and amphetamine. The following symptoms were found in a patient: sympathomimetic effects, coma, seizures, hyperreflexia, and hyperthermia. The patient's condition was initially stabilized and then deteriorated with uncontrollable hyperthermia, hematologic abnormalities, and coma that culminated in death. Since the hyperthermia is based on both central and peripheral mechanisms, phentolamine (Regitine) mesylate may be the preferred drug to be used in the treatment of future cases. The concept that this drug is primarily a hallucinogen with mild toxicity is erroneous. PMID- 7283564 TI - Minoxidil-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome. PMID- 7283562 TI - Full recovery from severe orthostatic hypotension after vacor rodenticide ingestion. AB - A patient who had severe orthostatic hypotension secondary to ingesting Vacor, a rodenticide containing N-3 pyridilmethyl-N'-nitrophenyl urea (PNU), fully recovered from this initially disabling condition 11 months after poisoning. Initial treatments with elastic stockings, fludrocortisone acetate, and dihydroergotamine mesylate resulted in no obvious improvement of his orthostasis. Findings from a hemodynamic study performed with the patient was severely orthostatic suggested functional impairment of vascular adrenergic nerve terminals as a major lesion. A similar study after recovery from orthostasis showed that the baroreceptor reflex mechanism returned to normal. This report shows that initially severe and disabling orthostatic hypotension may not be a hopelessly permanent sequela of PNU intoxication and that a gradual, spontaneous full recovery from orthostasis is possible. PMID- 7283561 TI - Papilledema in two patients with acromegaly and intrasellar pituitary tumors. AB - Two patients had bilateral papilledema complicating acromegaly. Both patients had enlarged blind spots, but otherwise visual fields were normal. Suprasellar extension of the pituitary tumors was diligently sought with the use of visual field examination, pneumoencephalography, internal carotid arteriography, and computed axial tomography, and tumor extension did not exist. Transphenoidal and transethmoidal routes were used to perform partial hypophysectomies in these patients. The procedure was completely successful in one patient and partially successful in the other patient. After hypophysectomy, papilledema resolved in both patients. This beneficial effect may be the result of anatomical changes, the reduction in growth hormone levels, or both. These observations suggest that the acromegaly may be different from papilledema that occurs secondary to suprasellar expansion of pituitary tumors. PMID- 7283560 TI - Sickle cell trait and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Effects on health and military performance in black Navy enlistees. AB - The purpose of this longitudinal study was to compare the Navy performance and health status during a four-year enlistment of four subsamples of black enlistees who began active service between Feb 14 through Sept 15, 1972. On the basis of results obtained from screening procedures for hemoglobinopathies, a sample of 8,725 enlistees was separated into four subgroups: 599 subjects with sickle cell trait, 1,003 subjects with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, 73 subjects with both trait anomalies, and 7,050 normal subjects. Results of comparative analyses indicated that the three trait subsamples did not differ significantly from the normal group on demographic and service-related variables, seven performance criteria, hospitalization rates, or mortality. Thus, the trait anomalies studied were found to be benign under routine conditions of naval service. PMID- 7283565 TI - Acromegaly, hyperparathyroidism, and pheochromocytoma in the same patient. A multiple endocrine disorder. AB - In the course of follow-up of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism, signs and symptoms of acromegaly developed. The patient subsequently was found to have recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism and, later, pheochromocytoma was discovered. The patient seems to have an overlap of features found in the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, type 1 and type 2 as previously classified. PMID- 7283566 TI - Left ventricular mural thrombus in a patient with thrombocytosis and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. AB - The two factors responsible for the development of left ventricular mural thrombi are endocardial injury secondary to old or recent anterior myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction. Endothelial damage also is thought to be the initial event in the development of arterial thrombi. However, arterial thrombi may develop in patients with thrombocytosis secondary to myeloproliferative disorders in the absence of endothelial injury. A patient had thrombocytosis secondary to agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and a left ventricular mural thrombus developed in the absence of clinical or laboratory evidence of old or coronary angiogram and left ventricular function. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported. PMID- 7283567 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica lung infection. AB - A 66-year-old man had pneumonia, lung abscesses, and mediastinal adenopathy develop due to Yersinia enterocolitica. There was no evidence of septicemia or acute gastrointestinal disease. Diagnosis was confirmed by cultures of a transtracheal aspirate and sputum. Treatment with cefamandole nafate, which had not been used previously in Y enterocolitica lung disease, resulted in cure. PMID- 7283568 TI - Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - Previously reported cases of Histoplasma capsulatum infection of prosthetic heart valves have been first diagnosed at autopsy. A patient had an H capsulatum infection that was diagnosed by serologic means 1 1/2 years before involvement of the patient's prosthetic mitral valve was found at surgery. Numerous previous attempts to demonstrate organisms by culture and histologic study of bone marrow and liver biopsy specimens were unsuccessful. Various serologic tests were used in the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of H capsulatum endocarditis. The management of this case was compared with 29 other previously reported cases of endocarditis caused by H capsulatum. PMID- 7283569 TI - Oral hydralazine therapy for acute pulmonary embolism and low output state. AB - Shortly after pelvic surgery, massive bilateral pulmonary emboli and shock developed in an elderly woman. Despite fluids, dopamine hydrochloride, and heparin sodium, her condition steadily deteriorated. Two trials of hydralazine hydrochloride were given and each was associated with pronounced clinical and hemodynamic improvements. Ninety minutes and 24 hours after the first trial, her pulmonary vascular resistance decreased 44% and 67%, respectively, and cardiac index increased 40% and 90%, respectively. There were insignificant changes in heart rate and blood pressure. The hemodynamic improvements reversed when the hydralazine therapy was stopped but improved again during the second trial. Hydralazine may be of substantial benefit to patients with hemodynamic compromise secondary to pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7283570 TI - Pernicious anemia seen initially as orthostatic hypotension. AB - A 69-year-old man complaining of syncope was found to have pernicious anemia and orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic neuropathy. Following vitamin B12 replacement with cyanocobalamin, the blood pressure became normal. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension as the initial feature of vitamin B12 deficiency. PMID- 7283573 TI - Extracorporeal diaglysis of ascites. A new technique. PMID- 7283571 TI - Seizures and dermatitis after exposure to caprolactam. AB - A 22-year-old man was initially seen with dermatitis, fever, and seizures after three days of occupational exposure to caprolactam, a nylon fiber precursor. A comprehensive neurological investigation showed no organic CNS abnormalities. Although caprolactam has been shown to induce convulsive disorders in experimental animals, to our knowledge, there are no reports of caprolactam induced seizures in man. The coincidence of typical skin lesions with otherwise unexplained grand mal seizures in this strongly suggests that caprolactam was the cause. PMID- 7283572 TI - Secondary hyperparathyroidism manifesting as acute pancreatitis and status epilepticus. AB - A 36-year-old with end-stage renal disease secondary to hypertensive nephrosclerosis had a two-day history of epigastric pain and nausea. Soon after admission, multiple grand mal seizures uncontrolled by intravenous phenytoin sodium and diazepam developed. His calcium level was 14 mg/dL and his amylase level was 2,230 mg/dL; lumbar puncture was normal. Hemodialysis lowered his calcium level to 10.7 mg/dL but failed to control his seizures. Secondary hyperparathyroidism was thought to be the cause of his malignant hypercalcemia, and an emergency subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed. Postoperatively, his grand mal seizures resolved. Confusion and aphasia also developed, but they resolved over the ensuing three weeks. Microscopic examination of the parathyroid glands revealed diffuse chief cell hyperplasia. Preoperative parathormone level was 2,196 pg/dL (normal, less than 450 pg/dL). A review of the literature has failed to reveal a similar case. PMID- 7283574 TI - Tuberculosis in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7283576 TI - Hyperparathyroidism after radioactive iodine therapy. PMID- 7283575 TI - Pulmonary disease and hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7283577 TI - Analgesic-associated nephropathy. PMID- 7283578 TI - Acute myocardial infarction and MB creatine phosphokinase. PMID- 7283580 TI - Oral crystalline cyanocobalamin available. PMID- 7283579 TI - Cefoxitin-induced interstitial nephritis. PMID- 7283581 TI - Ventricular failure. PMID- 7283582 TI - [Sterno-costo-clavicular hyperostotic syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283584 TI - Release mechanisms of 5-HT from the gastrointestinal tract in rats. PMID- 7283583 TI - Epidemiology and etiology of gallstones. PMID- 7283585 TI - [Effects of diazepam and thiamylal on reticular multi-unit activity, visual evoked responses, EEG and arterial blood pressure in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283588 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on superselective angiography and embolization using balloon catheter systems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283586 TI - [Histochemical observations on oxidative enzyme activity of astrocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283587 TI - [Biomechanical study of human cerebral arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283589 TI - [A study of cerebral microcirculation by softex--cases of traumatic intracerebral hematoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283590 TI - Disturbance of conduction system in corrected transposition of the great vessels. PMID- 7283591 TI - [Two cases of Bochdalek's hernia in the elderly (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283592 TI - [Simultaneous primary bilateral carcinoma of the breast: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283593 TI - [A case of clinically overt multicentric breast cancers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283594 TI - [Metastatic tumors in the lungs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283595 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the experimental cervical myelopathy. PMID- 7283597 TI - [Histochemical changes of brain catecholamines in cerebral ischemia in gerbils (author' transl)]. PMID- 7283596 TI - A study of methods and their pathological changes for surgical intervention of atrial to ventricular conduction in dogs. PMID- 7283599 TI - [Pathophysiological study of experimental hydrocephalus with computed tomography (CT) scan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283598 TI - [Effect of specific immunization with virus-infected glioma cells against intracerebrally implanted glioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283600 TI - [Dynamical research of the tentorial upward herniation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283601 TI - [Myelographic study in the thoracic region (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283602 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of acute hemodilution with lactated Ringer's solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283603 TI - [Drip infusion cholecysto-cholangiography with biliscopin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283604 TI - [Lumbar intervertebral disk herniation in teenagers: a long-term follow up of postoperative results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283605 TI - [Evaluation of complications in patients after splenectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283606 TI - [Clinical study on selective arteriography of the spinal cord in disorders of the thoracic and thoraco-lumbar region (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283608 TI - [Study on pathogenesis of thoracic outlet syndrome--clinical and morphological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283607 TI - Vagal influence on gastrointestinal histamine in the rat. PMID- 7283609 TI - [Long-term pacing in conscious dogs with experimental heart block: hemodynamic changes at rest and during exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283611 TI - Late results of open mitral commissurotomy --factors influencing long-term functional rehabilitation. PMID- 7283610 TI - [Chemical analysis of gallstones. (I) Extraction and quantification of gallstone components (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283612 TI - Surgical treatment of esophageal varices in portal hypertension. PMID- 7283613 TI - [Clinical application of a new intravenous fat emulsion, "venolipid" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283614 TI - [A case of lipoma of the terminal ileum showing intussusception and melena (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283615 TI - [Malignant melanoma of the rectum report of one case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283616 TI - Immunological studies on esophageal cancer --cellular immunocompetence and histological responses in main tumor and regional lymph nodes in esophageal cancer patients. PMID- 7283617 TI - Techniques of valvuloplastic surgery of the aortic valve prolapsed into a ventricular septal defect. PMID- 7283618 TI - [Clinical study of the cervical intra-discal pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283619 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of stress ulcers. PMID- 7283620 TI - Gallstones in western Japan--epidemiologic factors affecting the type and location of gallstones. PMID- 7283622 TI - [Clinical studies on cervical osteochondrosis--in special reference to type I of myelopathy in our classification (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283623 TI - [Studies on experimental cervical spondylotic myelopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283624 TI - [Alumina-ceramics (Bioceram) as the implant material in anterior cervical fusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283625 TI - [Surgical treatment for ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283621 TI - [Effects of enflurane on brain electrical activities of experimental seizures in cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283627 TI - [Recurrent intestinal Behcet: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283628 TI - [Biological evaluation of morro and jicaro (Crescentia alata) flours prepared by ensilaging and/or dehydration]. PMID- 7283629 TI - [Effect of the cooking-extrusion process (Brady crop cooker) on the nutritive value of mixtures based on cowpea (Vigna sinensis)-corn, and cowpea-cassava]. PMID- 7283626 TI - Congenital coronary arterial fistula--a case report. PMID- 7283630 TI - [Obtaining flour and a protein concentrate from seeds of the Helianthus annuus (sunflower) and its addition in cookies]. AB - The objectives of the studies described herein were: 1) to obtain a sunflower flour and protein concentrate for human consumption, and 2) to explore possible ways for their utilization. The Peredovik variety was selected, since it is most abundant in Mexico. The procedure usually followed for the obtention of flours for animal feeds was used with some modifications. The hull was mechanically eliminated with a yield of 51%, with a satisfactory appearance of the almond. In order to facilitate the milling of the almonds, 80% of the oil was extracted by compression (18,000 kg/cm2 for 10 minutes) after steaming during 10 min. Chlorogenic acid ws eliminated with a 70% ethanol solution. The resulting flour could be added to wheat flour in as high a proportion as 65% in weight. Cookies were then prepared which contained 16 g/100 g with a protein of high quality, 80% to 90% in relation to casein, and with adequate sensorial properties. PMID- 7283631 TI - [Nutrition survey systems: the Yugoslav experience]. PMID- 7283632 TI - [Nutritional history in Costa Rica using the height-age indicator]. PMID- 7283633 TI - Consortium of scientists: an alternative working approach within the UNU World Hunger Programme. PMID- 7283634 TI - [Indicators of the risk of death during the 1st year of life in rural areas of Guatemala]. PMID- 7283635 TI - Mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth of Beggiatoa alba in continuous culture. AB - Beggiatoa alba strain B18LD was grown in continuous culture under heterotrophic conditions on acetate or acetate and asparagine and under mixotrophic conditions on acetate plus either 1 mM sodium sulfide or 1 mM sodium thiosulfate. Considerable differences were observed between the yields and the cell compositions of heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultures at all dilution rates tested. The dry weight yield per gram acetate utilized was approximately three times higher in the acetate-sulfide mixotrophic culture than in the acetate heterotrophic culture, whereas the poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid and carbohydrate contents were much higher in the heterotrophic cultures. The high yields (0.52- 0.75, corrected for the weight of the sulfur) obtained with the mixotrophic cultures imply that the acetate was utilized mainly for biosynthesis. Thus, the oxidation of sulfide supplied energy. The addition of catalase to the chemostat cultures increased yields slightly, but it was insufficient to explain the differences between the heterotrophic and the mixotrophic cultures. PMID- 7283636 TI - Studies on dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria that decompose fatty acids. I. Isolation of new sulfate-reducing bacteria enriched with acetate from saline environments. Description of Desulfobacter postgatei gen. nov., sp. nov. AB - Three strains (2ac9, 3ac10 and 4ac11) of oval to rod-shaped, Gram negative, nonsporing sulfate-reducing bacteria were isolated from brackish water and marine mud samples with acetate as sole electron donor. All three strains grew in simple defined media supplemented with biotin and 4-aminobenzoic acid as growth factors. Acetate was the only electron donor utilized by strain 2ac9, while the other two strains used in addition ethanol and/or lactate. Sulfate served as electron acceptor and was reduced to H2S. Complete oxidation of acetate to CO2 was shown by stoichiometric measurements with strain 2ac9 in batch cultures using sulfate, sulfite or thiosulfate as electron acceptors. With sulfate an average growth yield of 4.8 g cell dry weight was obtained per mol of acetate oxidized; with sulfite or thiosulfate the growth yield on acetate was about twice as high. None of the strains contained desulfoviridin. In strain 2ac9 cytochromes of the b- and c-type were detected. Strain 2ac9 is described as type strain of the new species and genus, Desulfobacter postgatei. PMID- 7283637 TI - Sporulation and further nutritional characteristics of Desulfotomaculum acetoxidans. AB - Acetate-oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacteria of the Desulfotomaculum acetoxidans type have been enriched from animal manure, rumen content and dung contaminated freshwater habitats, indicating that they are primarily intestinal bacteria. Sporulation was observed only when acetate was the organic substrate; with butyrate, which allowed faster growth than acetate, spore formation never occurred. The cone-shaped highly refractile areas adjacent to the spores in spore forming mother cells were shown to be gas vacuoles. Biotin was the only growth factor required by Desulfotomaculum acetoxidans strain 5575 in minimal media with sulfate and acetate or other organic substrates. PMID- 7283638 TI - [Redox potential of the gastrointestinal tract of swine of different ages]. AB - The redox potential (ROP) was found to undergo negativation in all gastro intestinal sections of piglets, from the time of birth to the age of three days. Negativation was relatively low in the small intestine, but it accounted for more than 300 mV in stomach and colon. ROP values recorded from stomach and rectum of weaned piglets were more negative with significance than those established from animals before weaning. ROP, as an important environmental factor in the gastro intestinal tract, did not undergo significant change due to weaning which might support any conclusion as to pathogenesis of coli-enterotoxaemia, in spite of the implied change of feeding and keeping conditions. ROP in store pigs was found to be more or less one and the same, except for more positive values in the proximal jejunum, with most negative values being recordable from the stomach. Progressing age was found to be accompanied by sizeable ROP change in the gastro-intestinal tract of swine. ROP values in the distal jejunum and ileum of sows were more negative with significance than those recorded from store pigs, but values were more positive in the colonic cone and rectum. Unambiguous ROP negativation in the proximal and distal jejunum and ileum as well as in the gastro-intestinal tract of sows was accompanied only by moderate rise in overall anaerobic germ count. ROP values recorded from the colonic cone and rectum, where highest germ counts were detectable, were more positive than those recorded from any other intestinal section. Hence, gastro-intestinal ROP of sows is, probably, not controlled by metabolism of the germ flora. PMID- 7283639 TI - [Comparative light and electron microscopic studies of spermiogenesis in the male rabbit, boar and ram]. AB - Light-microscopic studies were conducted into testicular swabs of male rabbit, boar, and ram and compared to data obtained from electron-microscopic studies into ultramicrotomised specimens of male rabbit and ram, with the view to elucidating the courses of spermiogenesis. Intraspermatic spermatid transformation was found to be largely the same in these species. Spermiogenesis, so far subdivided by four phases, is proposed for subdivision into five phases, Golgi, hood, acrosomal, cuff, and maturation, to incorporate into overall spermatogenesis the process of spermatic maturation, to incorporate into overall spermatogenesis the process of spermatic maturation which takes place in the epididymal ductuli. Plasma transudation, in concomitance with spermiogenesis, is attached to the various phases. Evidence has already been produced to existence of four or five. They were found to be of great relevance to the formation of spermia normal in terms of morphology and physiology. Testicular swabs are easier to prepare than microtomised specimens and, therefore, should be given preference for light-microscopic studies into spermiogenesis. Besides, their informative capability is high, as may be seen from the above results. PMID- 7283640 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of striated muscles of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) obtained from eggs centrifuged during incubation]. AB - Reported in this paper are results obtained from investigations into the effect of hypergravitation on embryogenesis of striped muscles in Japanese quail. Specimens of striped muscles were excised from the birds after hatching and used in the study. The eggs had been centrifuged on zero day as well as on the first and 15th days of incubation. The muscle fibrils were found to proliferate in all groups, that is the control group, the group with centrifugation on zero day, and that with centrifugation on the first and 15th days. The process thus is characterised as physiological, known to occur prenatally and postnatally in developing individuals. PMID- 7283641 TI - [Quantitative determination of protein fractions in the colostrum of clinically health dairy cows between the 1st-8th day post partum using agar gel microelectrophoresis]. AB - Micro-agargel electrophoresis was used to determine normal value patterns in foremilk protein fractions of 50 clinically intact Friesian dairy cows, between the first and eighth days from calving. The average total protein levels recorded from foremilk samples dropped from 10.67 g/100 ml to 4.85 g/100 ml, between the first and fifth days from calving. Four fractions were clearly distinguished by electrophoretic separation. Fractions II (beta-lactoglobulin) and III (alpha lactalbumin) increased clearly, in the course of lactation, whereas considerable drops were recorded from fractions I (serum albumin) and IV (immunoglobulin). Decline in immunoglobulin levels was from 62 rel. per cent on the first day of lactation to 25 rel. per cent on the third day. Hints are given on drinking diet for calves, and reference is made to qualitative demands on foremilk from other animals than mother. PMID- 7283642 TI - [Further studies of swine reaction to fixation with a maxillary sling based on metabolic and hematologic parameters]. AB - The effects of five-minute fixation by means of maxillary sling (pig catcher) on the behaviour of various blood and blood plasma components were recorded from eleven purebred Pietrain pigs. Blood was taken through indwelling catheter from the jugular vein and up to 60 minutes after the beginning of restraint. Exposure of the animals to such psychomotor stress led to maximum rise of lactate levels by 53 mg/100 ml on average as well as to increase in glucose by 37 mg/100 ml, haemoglobin concentration by 2.3 g/100 ml, and haematocrit by 9.7 per cent. Concentrations of free fatty acids in blood plasma, on the other hand, dropped with significance during stress, that is by the order of 111 mumol/l. No significant changes in glycerin were recordable. The values returned to their initial levels within 60 minutes from the end of fixation. PMID- 7283643 TI - [Effects of so-called animal factors (muscles, age, sex) on the quality parameters of meat]. AB - Studies were conducted into the variability of quality parameters of beef, mutton, and pork, depending on muscles, age, and sex of the animals concerned. An analysis was made of the following meat parameters: (a) basic composition, expressed by protein, muscular fat, and water levels; (b) connective tissue levels; (c) tenderness of meat. The results have shown muscle condition to be the major factor by which qualitative differentiation of meat can be made, while age and sex proved to be of minor importance to meat quality. PMID- 7283644 TI - [Resistance development in human Staphylococcus aureus due to the use of oxytetracycline and tylosin in industrialized swine production units]. AB - Staphylococcus aureus strains from human nasal carriers without vocational contact with pigs could be differentiated from the majority of strains obtained from pathologically affected pigs by determination of host-specific-variety, according to Meyer (1966) and Witte et al. (1977). Less unambiguous findings regarding site variability were recorded from strains in nasal mucosa of pig handling personnel, clinically intact pigs on farms, and slaughtered pigs. Antibiotics, such as oxytetracycline and macrolides were applied to pigs but failed for all practical purposes to have any bearings on the development of Staphylococcus aureus resistance in human probands with no vocational contact with animals. Personnel of pig units, however, exhibited moderate resistance to oxytetracycline and macrolides of Staphylococcus aureus strains which were typical of man. Macrolide resistance was determined, in that context, by one single-resistance plasmid. PMID- 7283645 TI - [Isolation of a Pasteurella multocida bacteriophage]. AB - Lysogenesis testing of 84 Pasteurella multocida strains resulted in detection of one lysogenic strain from which phage B225 was isolated. B225 lysed only one Pasteurella multocida strain isolated from cattle. The Pasteurella phage, when examined by electron microscopy, showed a hexagonal head and a non-contractile, Flexible tail, It could be attached, consequently, to Group B according to Bradley (1967). PMID- 7283646 TI - [Immunoprophylactic methods of prevention of pneumopathies in young cattle]. AB - The bivalent Pasteurella vaccine used to immunise young cattle is an anaculture adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide and consisting of Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica serotypes which could be isolated; most often from pneumonically changed lungs and nasal mucus. It was administered together with trivalent antiviral vaccine and reduced by 50 per cent the loss rate due to mortality and emergency slaughtering. Good protection was obtained from applying the first vaccination dose on the supplier's farm. PMID- 7283647 TI - Research on the bacteriocinogen properties of Pasteurella. AB - Research on the bacteriocinogen properties of 86 Pasteurella strains, 37 of which being Pasteurella (P.) multocida and 49 P. haemolytica, was performed. -Relations of iso- and heteroantagonism were detected and described in the P. multocida and P. haemolytica species. The presence of bacteriocins previously detected in P. multocida was confirmed and extended to P. haemolytica as well. -The bacteriocinosusceptible strains determined the separation of a number of bacteriocinotypes within each Pasteurella species. -Besides the antagonism relations a reciprocal growth stimulation phenomenon was noticed between the two Pasteurella species. In this respect, P. haemolytica displayed a wider activity towards P. multocida than towards itself. PMID- 7283649 TI - Pasteurella infections in respiratory diseases of young cattle. AB - Bacteriological examinations performed on 545 extracts of pneumonia-affected lungs and on nasal secretions collected from pneumopathy diseased young cattle led to the isolation of 176 (32.2%) Pasteurella (p.) multocida strains and of 125 (22.9%) P. haemolytica strains. P. multocida was isolated in 46.2% of the lung lesions and in 22.5% of the nasal secretions, P. haemolytica in 26.6% and 20.3%, respectively. Pathogenicity in mice was detected in 81.9% of the P. multocida strains and in 19% of the P. haemolytica strains. Pasteurella strains were very susceptible to chloramphenicol (82.3%), tetracycline (68%), penicillin (47%), and ampicillin and resistant to oxacillin, streptomycin and kanamycin. P. multocida and P. haemolytica strains in the respiratory tract and lung lesions of young cattle affected by pneumopathies represent the main ethiologic agent accounting for the clinical symptoms, anatomic lung lesions and finally for the death of the animal. PMID- 7283648 TI - [Identification of Pasteurella serotypes by indirect hemagglutination]. AB - The indirect haemagglutination test was used for serological type identification of Pasteurella strains. The Pasteurella multocida strains were tested by parallel application of antigen production methods (common method plus hyaluronidase treatment). Thirty-nine (72.2 per cent) of 54 Pasteurella multocida strains, which had been obtained from cattle and swine, were serologically tested by the common technique of antigen production, their types being identified, while 42 (77.7 per cent) were tested and typed by means of hyaluronidase treatment. Depolimerisation of hyaluronic acid by means of hyaluronidase increased the agglutinability of eight strains (14.8 per cent) which could thus be identified by types. Serological identification of 47 (87.1 per cent) Pasteurella multocida strains was achieved by parallel use of the two antigen production methods. Identification was not possible of two strains. Cross-reaction was recorded from five strains. Most of the Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from cattle were A serotype (54 per cent), while those of swine were B strains (50 per cent). Thirty-six of 40 serologically tested Pasteurella haemolytica strains were serotypes A1, A2, T3, T4, A5, and A6, and most of these were A5 and T4. PMID- 7283651 TI - [Control of implantation in rats and sows by peroral administration of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. 3. Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha, progesterone/estrone, and acetylsalicylic acid on implantation and biochemical composition of amniotic fluid and fetuses of young sows]. AB - Low pregnancy rate (62.5 per cent), low implantation results (64.7 per cent), high percentage of dead foetuses (5.4 per cent), and low allantois fluid volume/foetus (130.7 ml) are likely to suggest adverse effect of prostaglandin administered in early gravidity since all these values deviate sizeably from control data (81.3, 68.0 and 1.1 per cent, 154.7 ml). On the other hand, those negative phenomena were not reflected in the results obtained from biochemical analysis of amniotic fluid and foetuses. The progesterone/oestron and acetylsalicylic acid doses used obviously had no impact upon pregnancy rates (81.3 and 75.0 per cent) and overall implantates (67.4 and 69.6 per cent), when compared to the controls (81.3 and 68.0 per cent). The lowest foetal loss occurred following application of acetylsalicylic acid (30.4 per cent, but 32.0 per cent for the controls). Increase in allantois fluid volume/foetus by progesterone/oestrone and acetylsalicylic acid was one of the findings of particular interest (progesterone/oestron: 174.4 ml, acetylsalicylic acid: 196.5 ml, control: 154.7 ml). The results obtained from amniotic fluid tests (rises in protein and progesterone concentrations) may, to some extent, suggest the possible existence of a relationship in action between the two substances. No information at all on the type of action of these substances was obtainable by biochemical analysis of foetal composition. PMID- 7283650 TI - [Control of implantation in rats and sows by peroral administration of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. 2. Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha, progesterone/estrone, and acetylsalicylic acid on implantation and various biochemical parameters of amniotic fluid in the rat]. AB - The highest pregnancy rate as well as most of all implantates and lowest foetal loss were recorded from the prostaglandin F2 alpha-(PGF2 alpha)-group (84, 84, and 16 per cent), while values following progesterone/oestrone and acetylsalicylic acid treatment were below those obtained from the controls. The highest number of normally developed (97 per cent) and the lowest number of degenerated foetuses (three per cent) were recorded following acetylsalicylic acid treatment, as compared to the control group (91 and nine per cent). Application of prostaglandin had no adverse effect on foetal development. The overall protein concentration in the amniotic fluid, following injection of progesterone/oestrone and PGF2 alpha, was lower with significance than the control value. Acetylsalicylic acid caused slight but insignificant rise in protein concentrations. The behavior of glucose concentrations in the amniotic fluid seemed to be diametrically opposed to that of protein. The activity of acid phosphatase was low and highly variable in all four experimental groups. Values moderately increased over the controls were recorded from the acetylsalicylic acid group. PMID- 7283652 TI - [Selective disorders of the cross-linking of collagen]. PMID- 7283653 TI - [The biology of human head development]. PMID- 7283654 TI - [Anthropometric study of the face in childhood from birth to 11 years (author's transl)]. AB - The normal values of some facial characteristics have been established in 1,130 French children from birth to 11 years in the Lille area. Included in the study were: distances between the internal and external angles of the eye, interpupillary distance, length of the palpebral fissures, height, width and depth of the nose, width and height of the lips and of the external ear. No significant difference could be found in boys and girls. PMID- 7283655 TI - [Value of echoencephalography through the fontanelle in neonates and infants (author's transl)]. AB - Echoencephalography through the fontanelle provides a complete scan of the head allowing the study of the ventricular system and cerebral parenchyma. The closure of the anterior fontanelle is the only limiting factor for this remarkably innocuous technique which is easy to perform (even in neonates under artificial ventilation in incubators), easy to repeat and relatively cheap. The authors report the results of 700 ultrasonic examinations carried out in 467 children. The echostructure of the brain, is studied in detail in 70 normal subjects (30 prematures, 31 at term neonates and infants under 1 year of age). In a population of 397 sick children the abnormal pictures were analysed according to clinical circumstances: perinatal distress (n = 107), prematurity (n = 81), hydrocephalus (n = 31), malformations (n = 9)... Our results confirm the usefulness of this technique for the early anatomic evaluation of any high-risk brain and for the follow-up of the lesions. The respective values of echography through the fontanelle, transcranial echography and computed tomography are discussed. PMID- 7283656 TI - [Patent ductus arteriosus in premature newborns. Treatment with indomethacin (author's transl)]. AB - The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of indomethacin were studied in 18 prematures with patent ductus arteriosus, treated either enterally (group I, n = 7), or intravenously (group II, n = 11). A definitive closure assessed by echocardiography was observed in 13 cases (72%), and it was only transient in 4 cases (21%). Assisted ventilation was discontinued between 1 and 6 days following therapy in 14 cases. In most cases, indomethacin induced a significant reduction of diuresis but the plasma creatinine level increased above 15 mg/l in 3 cases only. The elimination half life of indomethacin (t 1/2 beta), of 40.3 +/- 12.2 hours in group I and 33.9 +/- 11.7 hours in group II, is increased as compared with adults. The difference of the surface under the curve (AUC O leads to 24 h, ng.ml-1.h-1) between the infants who presented complete or transient closure, suggests a relationship between the biodisponibility of the drug and the effect on patent ductus arteriosus. Treatment with indomethacin is an interesting alternative to surgical ligation in prematures with patent ductus arteriosus. Because of its side effects, especially on the kidneys, it is recommended to use this treatment only in intensive care units. The intravenous route seems to be better than the enteral route. PMID- 7283658 TI - [Heart rupture in an infant presenting with an abnormal origin of the left coronary artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283660 TI - Structural brain deficits in schizophrenia. Identification by computed tomographic scan density measurements. AB - Research has suggested the presence of brain damage as a cause or concomitant of chronic schizophrenia. The most recent research in this area has been the identification of abnormalities in schizophrenia by computed tomographic (CT) scans. A study was done to investigate localized changes in CT scan density numbers in the brains of schizophrenic patients, as opposed to the brains in normal control subjects. Twenty-four normal subjects and 23 schizophrenic patients were tested with CT scans. Density measurements in each area of the brain (left, right, anterior and posterior) were compared to three separate CT scan levels. Of six measurements of anterior left-hemisphere density, it was found that five showed lower density in schizophrenic brains, as compared with normal brains. Of the remaining 18 measurements that evaluated other areas of the brain, only three differentiated between schizophrenic patients and normal subjects. The results support the hypothesis that there are primary structural deficits in some schizophrenic patients, and these deficits are centered in and around the anterior area of the left (dominant) hemisphere. The results also demonstrated further implications. PMID- 7283659 TI - [Iconographic rubric. Microcardia]. PMID- 7283664 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test and diagnosis of melancholia. PMID- 7283662 TI - Recollections of family experience in borderline patients. AB - To test psychodynamic hypotheses about the etiology of the borderline syndrome, female borderline patients were asked whether they remembered their mothers and fathers as having responded with approval, disinterest, or criticism to dependent and independent behaviors. Comparisons were made with a group of normal controls and with a group of neurotics and patients with personality disorders. The main finding was that borderline patients remembered their fathers as neglectful. The recollections did not support an overprotection hypothesis. PMID- 7283661 TI - Borderline personality disorder. Construct validity of the concept. PMID- 7283663 TI - Long-term follow-up of clients of high- and low-dose methadone programs. AB - A six- to seven-year follow-up of 1971-1973 admissions to three methadone hydrochloride maintenance programs was conducted. Ninety percent of those alive were interviewed. Two of the programs used a high-dose, long-retention policy, while the third used low doses and a relatively strict policy with respect to involuntary termination for program violations. Retention was much longer for the two high-dose programs, and during the six to seven-year periods from program entry to interview, the clients had significantly less arrest, incarceration, narcotic addiction, and self-reported criminal behavior than did the patients in the low-dose program. These advantages persisted until the time of interview and existed for periods with as well as without methadone. In addition, the overall social costs in the high-dose programs were substantially less than in the low dose program. PMID- 7283665 TI - DSM-III criteria for major depressive episode. PMID- 7283657 TI - [Pyloric atresia associated with epidermolysis bullosa : a new case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283666 TI - Outcome of psychotherapy. PMID- 7283668 TI - An independent analysis of the copenhagen sample of the Danish adoption study of schizophrenia. I. The relationship between anxiety disorder and schizophrenia. AB - Familial factors have been shown to be important in the transmission of both anxiety disorder and schizophrenia. The familial relationship between these two disorders, however, has received little attention. This study examines the relationship between anxiety disorder and schizophrenia by a blind independent analysis of the interviews from the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia using DSM-III criteria. The results show neither a genetic nor a familial-environmental link between the two disorders. These results are not consistent with the unitary hypothesis of mental illness. From a genetic and familial-environmental perspective, anxiety disorder and schizophrenia appear to be distinct, unrelated psychiatric illnesses. PMID- 7283669 TI - An independent analysis of the Copenhagen sample of the Danish adoption study of schizophrenia. II. The relationship between schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. AB - To assess the relationship between schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) as defined in DSM-III, the interviews of relatives from the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia were independently and blindly reevaluated. The prevalence of SPD was significantly higher in the biologic relatives of the schizophrenic adoptees than in the biologic relatives of matched controls and was low and equal in the two groups of adoptive relatives. Compared with "borderline" and uncertain borderline schizophrenia as defined by Kety and co-workers, the criteria for SPD were more specific but less sensitive in identifying biologic relatives of schizophrenics. In this sample, SPD has a strong genetic, but no familial-environmental, relationship to schizophrenia. These results replicate the findings of Kety and co-workers on borderline schizophrenia and support the validity of the diagnosis of SPD. PMID- 7283667 TI - Maternal inheritance of alcohol abuse. Cross-fostering analysis of adopted women. AB - The inheritance of alcohol abuse was studied in 913 Swedish women adopted by nonrelatives at an early age. There was a threefold excess of alcohol abusers among the adopted daughters of alcoholic biological mothers compared with other daughters. In addition, there was an excess of alcohol abuse among the daughters of biological fathers with alcohol abuse that was mild and not associated with criminality. However, fathers with extensive treatment for both alcoholism and criminality had no excess of alcoholic daughters. This confirms the heterogeneity among alcoholics noted in earlier work with adopted sons, which found that the latter type of criminal alcoholics also had no excess of alcoholic mothers. Imitation of alcohol abuse by adoptive parents did not increase later alcohol abuse by adopted women. The importance of nonfamilial environments and maternal effects is demonstrated for alcohol abuse in women. PMID- 7283670 TI - An independent analysis of the Copenhagen sample of the Danish adoption study of schizophrenia. III. The relationship between paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder) and the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. AB - To genetic relationship between paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder) is examined by a blind independent diagnostic evaluation of the interviews of relatives from the greater Copenhagen sample of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia. While cases of schizophrenia spectrum disorders are strongly concentrated in the biologic relatives of the schizophrenic adoptees, this pattern is not found for delusional disorder. These results suggest that from a genetic perspective, delusional disorder is not part of the schizophrenia spectrum. PMID- 7283671 TI - Dissociation of smooth-pursuit and saccadic eye tracking in remitted schizophrenics. An ocular reaction time task that schizophrenic perform well. AB - Twenty-four schizophrenic outpatients in remission were compared with 21 medical outpatient controls on tasks designed to evaluate smooth pursuit of different frequency sinusoidal targets, saccadic eye tracking, and performance on psychomotor analogues of these tasks that require eye-hand coordination. The schizophrenics demonstrated impaired performance on all the smooth-pursuit and psychomotor tracking tasks. However, the oculomotor reaction times of schizophrenics during the saccadic eye-tracking tasks were equal to those of controls. This dissociation of smooth-pursuit and saccadic performance indicates that smooth-pursuit dysfunction cannot be attributed to a lack of motivation, simple inattention, or oculomotor control mechanisms for which the pursuit and saccadic systems share a common anatomy. The saccadic eye-tracking task is quite similar to a variable-foreperiod simple reaction-time task. That schizophrenics produce normal response latencies on this task raises important questions about the nature of the reaction-time deficit in schizophrenia. PMID- 7283672 TI - Optokinetic nystagmus and pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia. AB - This study of two types of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) provides evidence that previously reported pursuit impairments in schizophrenics may be due to a cortical dysfunction. Differences in responses to partial-field and full-field OKN stimuli strongly support the hypothesis that there are two functionally distinct but anatomically overlapping mechanisms that can produce nystagmus responses. Partial-field OKN is composed of alternating phases of pursuit and saccadic movements. The slow phases of partial-field OKN, like pursuit eye movements, are of significantly poorer quality in schizophrenics compared with normal controls. Full-field OKN, however, is intact in both groups. Partial-field OKN is an improved test for pursuit abnormalities that reflect disturbances of nonvoluntary attention. PMID- 7283673 TI - [Medical literature on cholera epidemic on Polish soil during the November Uprising]. PMID- 7283674 TI - Sequential activation of human peripheral lymphocytes displaying two distinct euchrysine binding patterns in PHA-stimulated cultures. AB - The patterns of supravital staining with euchrysine, a fluorescent dye thought to bind preferentially to membranes of lysosomes and other structures involved in endocytosis, were evaluated sequentially in PHA-stimulated cultures of human unseparated, T and non-T lymphocytes under conditions of a reversible, amethopterine-imposed DNA synthesis block. It was found that type I cells (with a single conglomerate of fluorescent granules, constituting approx. 50% of resting T cells) were almost completely replaced by type III cells (with large conglomerates of coarse granules, typical of lymphocytes undergoing blast transformation) up to the end of second day of culture. Type II cells (with very fine fluorescent granules scattered over the cytoplasms, present in about 50% of T and all non-T lymphocytes) did not initially change their number but later were replaced by type III cells, usually starting from the third day of culture. A hypothesis is discussed according to which only type I cells are primarily responsive to PHA, whereas type II cells require "help" from the former, prior to transition into the proliferative stage. PMID- 7283675 TI - Experimental plasmacytoma in mice. II. Qualitative studies of myeloma proteins. AB - Qualitative studies on paraproteins present in ascites and/or in serum of mice with induced plasmacytoma were performed by the method of immunoelectrophoresis. Myeloma proteins were found in 75 out of 116 plasmacytomas. Among them in 53 cases production of IgA, in 6-IgG3, and in 1 case IgG was detected. In 10 out of 75 samples, two paraproteins present in one ascites were detected. PMID- 7283677 TI - Correlations between DNCB skin hypersensitivity and leukocyte migration inhibition by DNCB-coated human erythrocytes. AB - Correlations between skin hypersensitivity to DNCB and LMI in presence of lyophilized, DNCB-coated human erythrocytes were evaluated. False positive results were found in 2 out of 25 (8%) non-sensitized donors and false negative- in 5 out of 21 (24%) sensitized patients. In follow-up evaluation after topical DNCB sensitization significant MI was usually seen about 3 weeks after sensitization and only in a part of patients after 6-9 weeks. Time limitations in the application of LMI test for evaluation of effects of immunosuppressive treatment are discussed. PMID- 7283676 TI - Characterization of surface antigens of transplantable melanomas in hamster on the basis of the macrophage migration inhibition test. AB - Migration of peritoneal macrophages and macrophages isolated from spleen of hamsters with transplanted melanotic melanoma in presence of amelanotic melanoma cells as an antigen was studied. Furthermore, migration of macrophages in hamsters grafted with amelanotic melanoma in presence of melanotic melanoma cells as an antigen was determined. In both cases, inhibition of migration of macrophages was not observed which suggests that both melanoma lines do not have common antigens but individually specific ones. PMID- 7283678 TI - Lung function of children with history of obstructive bronchitis in their infancy. AB - A group of 98 children admitted to the hospital in the first 2 years of life with diagnosis of obstructive bronchitis was reexamined at 10 years of age. The examination included complexed lung function measurements. No important functional abnormalities were found in relation to passed obstructive bronchitis, features of allergy, frequency of attacks of the disease in the past, and bronchial reactivity to histamine. In the small group of children with diagnosis of bronchial asthma in the meantime made, the results of examination were most frequently abnormal but did not coincide with the previous diagnosis. They indicated rather nonhomogeneity of ventilation, characteristic for peripheral lung abnormalities. PMID- 7283679 TI - Studies on isolation of a toxic substance from human and animal skin burned in vitro. AB - Attempts to obtain burn toxin from animal and human skin are reported. Mouse skin was burned with a metal stamp by the method of Allgower. The human and the skin of various experimental animals was scalded in NaCl solution by the method of Rosenthal. Using the latter method it was possible to obtain the so-called "crude burn toxin" from the human skin. It was highly lethal to mice, rats, rabbits and guinea pigs after toxic. No toxic preparations were obtained from the skin of various experimental animals using the method of burning and processing described by Rosenthal. PMID- 7283680 TI - Synthesis and central nervous system depression properties of 3-[(1' pyrazolyl)phenyl]sydnones. PMID- 7283684 TI - Developmental considerations in children and early adolescents with spinal cord injury. AB - Although there has been increasing awareness of the psychologic effects of illness and hospitalization in children and early adolescents, those who have sustained spinal cord injury (SCI) have received scant notice in the literature. A developmental approach in work with hospitalized children having SCI has been found helpful in trying to meet the psychologic needs of these children, and in guiding staff to better understand their behavior and to implement care more appropriately. In this approach to children and early adolescents with SCI, developmental status is evaluated and each child's response to SCI in relation to the prominent issues of developmental stage is assessed. A productive byproduct of this approach is that family dynamics become more obvious and both patient and family behavior are better understood by those providing medical care. PMID- 7283683 TI - Bladder electromyography: response to electric stimulation and to terbutaline. AB - Four patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries and paraplegia received electric stimulation of the conus medullaris. An additional 5 patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries and paraplegia received terbutaline for asthma. All 9 patients were studied with bladder and external urethral sphincter electromyography (EMG). Bladder pressures were recorded in the electric stimulation group and cystometry in the terbutaline group. The electric impulses were recorded without attenuation, and bladder and external urethral sphincter contractility increased. Terbutaline reduced the bladder's electric activity and pressure at capacity without affecting external urethral sphincter function. More evaluations of terbutaline's effect on the bladder are necessary to determine its applicability to incontinence problems. PMID- 7283681 TI - [Bioavailability of silymarin, I: Volumes of distribution of silybin, silydianin, and silychristin from in-vitro data (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283682 TI - Lower extremity fractures after spinal cord injury: a retrospective study. AB - Lower extremity fractures after spinal cord injury (SCI) are more common in paraplegic than in quadriplegic persons, probably due to their greater activity level. Most of the fractures are pathologic in osteoporotic bones and most occur without known trauma or are caused by trivial injury. Supracondylar or shaft fractures of the femur are most common. Although callus formation is usually fast, exuberant fracture healing may be delayed. The main management goal, maintenance of functional independence without complications of SCI, is best obtained by a nonsurgical approach with traction or well-padded cast followed by early joint mobilization. PMID- 7283685 TI - Peroneal nerve conduction velocity: the importance of temperature correction. AB - The relationship between skin surface temperature, near nerve temperature and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the peroneal nerve was studied in normal and diabetic subjects to determine a peroneal NCV-treatment correction factor and to investigate whether temperature correction of NCV reduces its variability. Twenty normal subjects (age 21 to 72 years, mean 44, SD 17) were tested for peroneal NCV, skin and near nerve temperatures bilaterally at ambient temperature (mean 26.6C). Tests were repeated after cooling the lower extremity to a skin temperature of 26C, and at skin temperatures of 28 and 29C as the legs were allowed to gradually warm. An additional 20 normal and 20 diabetic subjects were tested weekly at ambient temperature for peroneal NCV and skin temperature, measured at 15cm above the lateral malleolus. The results showed a linear relationship between skin temperature, near nerve temperature and peroneal NCV (p less than 0.001). Peroneal NCV was altered 2.0 meters per second per degree (C) change in skin and near nerve temperature (p less than 0.001). When using our formula, peroneal motor NCV corrected = 2.0 [32 - skin temp(C)] + NCV (m/sec), for correction of peroneal NCV to a standard skin temperature of 32C, it was found that temperature corrected NCV were less variable (p less than 0.05) than noncorrected NCV in the same diabetic subjects. These results indicate that temperature corrected NCV should be calculated routinely during clinical NCV examinations of patients with peripheral neuropathies. PMID- 7283686 TI - Muscle formation in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. AB - Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a familial connective tissue disorder characterized by marked joint hypermobility, skin hyperdistensibility and fragility. To determine the influence of connective tissue hyperdistensibility on muscle function, a young woman with classic EDS underwent extensive muscle function testing which included a controlled strengthening exercise program. Quantitative muscle strength testing revealed generalized muscle weakness characteristic of this disease. The strength-length relationship curve for quadriceps was shifted, implying an increased series elastic component of muscle. No inherent muscle abnormality was evident from electromyography and serum enzyme evaluation. Unusual fluctuation in maximal isometric strength output curves was found in all tested groups. A functional proprioceptive deficit was demonstrated and found correctable with training and visual compensation. Reduced joint proprioception, plus the tendency for minor subluxations from daily activities, resulted in a learned motor pattern that emphasized short jerky motions rather than sustained precise muscular contractions. From these findings, muscle function in EDS was hypothesized to be affected by connective tissue distensibility. PMID- 7283687 TI - Lymphedema incidence after specific postmastectomy therapy. AB - In a retrospective study the incidence of lymphedema was analyzed in 58 women, ages 35 to 81 years, who had received a specific treatment program after radical or modified radical mastectomy for breast carcinoma in a county hospital. Thirty nine percent (23 patients) had cobalt treatment and 48% (28 patients) had delayed wound healing. Circumferential measurements of both upper limbs were obtained at specific corresponding sites. At the end of the 12 months, 69% of the patients had no lymphedema, 22.4% had slight lymphedema, 5.2% had moderate lymphedema and 3.4% had severe lymphedema. The benefits of close follow-up and specific treatment of mastectomized patients are evidenced in this study by the relatively large group of patients which was free of lymphedema over an extended period of time in spite of wound healing complications. PMID- 7283688 TI - Postural drainage effect after bronchodilator inhalation in patients with chronic airway obstruction. AB - To determine the effect of postural drainage (PD) on pulmonary functions and sputum volume in patients with partially reversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, comparisons were made between days with and without PD in 13 such patients. Pulmonary function tests were done 3 times a day over a 12-day period. Medications remained unchanged during this time. PD had no significant effect on either individual pulmonary function tests or 24-hour spectrum volumes. The function tests done at 9:30 AM showed some improvement over those obtained at 8:00 AM without regard to PD, indicating the beneficial effects of bronchodilators inhaled 15 to 20 minutes before PD. Patients were classified as PD responders, nonresponders and negative responders on the basis of concurrent consideration of forced expiratory volume in 1 second, mid-forced expiratory flow and airway resistance. Although the 24-hour sputum volumes did not change, the amount associated with PD was greater. It is suggested that PD is helpful for some patients but detrimental to others. Single pulmonary function tests and single day measurements are insufficient to determine the effects of PD. PMID- 7283689 TI - Functional performance assessment: a program approach. AB - An interdisciplinary method of functional assessment is presented utilizing the Patient Evaluation Conference System, or PECS (Harvey and Jellinek, 1979), which has been successfully applied to a medical rehabilitation setting to guide treatment and to assess program effectiveness. Our method requires that functional performance items be evaluated in terms of progress using an 8-point, 0 to 7 scale, 0 representing unmeasured or unmeasurable function, and 7 representing fully independent or normal function. Rehabilitation outcomes of 4 or below present varying degrees of dependent function, and outcomes of 5 or more represent degrees of independent function. Data are presented which demonstrate level of gain, goal-setting effectiveness, and degree of independent function. PMID- 7283690 TI - Patient perspectives program: a humanistic educational experience for medical students. AB - We describe a novel patient-focused program for first-year medical students which is designed to ameliorate the dehumanizing effects frequently produced by the experience of the basic science years. The program, now in its 4th year, offers students the opportunity to meet weekly with a long-term, hospitalized rehabilitation patient. The twin foci of learning are (1) the patient's attitudes, feelings and coping behaviors engendered by the experience of serious illness, hospitalization and treatment; (2) the student's perception of his/her own attitudes and behaviors stimulated by the experience of relating to patients. Students meet weekly with senior hospital staff to discuss their experiences. The program is voluntary, ungraded and entirely under student direction. Speculations are offered for its enthusiastic acceptance and its potential long-term influence on medical students in their development as physicians. PMID- 7283691 TI - [Methodological considerations in the assessment of similarities between trait adjectives: how to use the Semantic Differential technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283692 TI - A fresh look at the relationship between pragmatic and semantic knowledge. Exemplified with data from the acquisition of first words. PMID- 7283693 TI - A multivariate analysis of perceived causes for success and failure. PMID- 7283694 TI - [Categorical responses in multifactorial experimental designs and multidimensional analyses of correlations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283695 TI - [The application of Fischer's linear logistic test model in order to evaluate effectivity of higher education courses - some new results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7283696 TI - Toward an empirical rhetoric: some comparisons of expressiveness in poetry readings by authors, English professors, and drama professors. PMID- 7283697 TI - Clause relations and picture viewing. PMID- 7283698 TI - Possible misinterpretations when evaluating psychological time series. PMID- 7283699 TI - An experimental investigation of elements involved in the anticipation of public speaking. PMID- 7283700 TI - ["Fuzzy sets" as a formal model of cognitive structures - an overview]. PMID- 7283701 TI - Syndrome of congenital internal mammary-to-pulmonary arteriovenous fistula associated with mitral valve prolapse. AB - Congenital fistulas of the internal mammary artery to the pulmonary circulation are rare, with only 12 patients described in the world literature. Two additional patients are now described who have an associated prolapse of the mitral valve, one of whom had mitral insufficiency. In most instances, the arteriovenous fistula is essentially asymptomatic and is often discovered when a continuous murmur is heard on routine chest examination. The definitive diagnosis is made best by selective arteriography. The embryologic origin of these fistulous communications may be the maldevelopment of accessory bronchial arteries arising from the internal mammary artery. In view of the potential risks of congestive heart failure as well as proximal dilation and degeneration of the parent artery, secondary hypertension, and endocarditis, operative closure of the arteriovenous fistula is recommended. PMID- 7283702 TI - Defects in peripheral oxygen utilization following trauma and shock. AB - Following shock and trauma, there may be capillary block or stasis that sets up a neurohumoral response, causing further capillary constriction and ischemia. This ischemia may not result in tissue hypoxia, as functioning capillaries may still exist near the damaged areas. Following resuscitation, however, a reperfusion syndrome causing massive tissue edema, endothelial swelling, and further capillary blocking may lead to tissue hypoxia. We used isolated canine hind limb as a model of the peripheral circulation in a series of experiments that showed that interstitial edema alone did not reproduce the defect in peripheral oxygen utilization. On the other hand, both reperfusion syndrome and microembolization were able to reproduce this response. Hypertonic mannitol and imidazole reversed this defect following either reperfusion syndrome or microembolization, respectively. These data suggest that resuscitated posttrauma patients suffering from defects in peripheral oxygen utilization probably owing to microembolization, reperfusion and tissue edema, which may be treated by specific therapy. PMID- 7283703 TI - Protein vs electrolytes and all of the Starling forces. AB - Hemodilution-induced reductions of the intravascular protein concentration in patients and experimental animals with intact capillaries do not lead to pulmonary edema, despite significant increases in the amount of extravascular water in the systemic interstitial space. The protective factors are a drop in the extravascular concentration of protein, a rise in interstitial tissue pressure, and an increase in lymph flow. If the capillary endothelium is damaged, protein leaks into the extravascular space, and protein infusion has a diminished effect on fluid exchange across the capillary. Whether capillaries are intact or injured, prevention of increases in capillary hydrostatic pressure is the most important factor in preventing pulmonary edema. Administration of hypertonic fluids may provide a useful method of limiting total fluid infusion and reducing cell swelling after blood loss. PMID- 7283707 TI - The malpractice problem grows. PMID- 7283705 TI - Control of wound healing and scar formation in surgical patients. AB - Research in wound-healing biology has reached the developmental or practical application stage in the following major areas: reduction of liver collagen, prevention of secondary remodeling of peritoneal fibrous adhesions to produce tendinous bands that cause mechanical intestinal obstruction, reduction in the amount of scar tissue on the surface of the skin, alteration of mechanical properties of restricting a scar on gliding surfaces, and prevention of conduit stenosis after a circumferential internal injury. Pharmacologic agents, such as beta-aminopropionitrile, penicillamine, and colchicine, are being used as adjuvants to familiar surgical techniques. Control of collagen deposition and collagenolysis in the eye, lung, kidney, and around joints that are affected by rheumatoid arthritis will be possible in the next few years. PMID- 7283704 TI - Treatment of gastric ulcer by parietal cell vagotomy and excision of the ulcer. Rationale and early results. AB - Twenty-two patients with gastric ulcers located at the incisura angularis underwent parietal cell vagotomy without drainage and an intraluminal excision of the ulcer through a small gastrotomy on the greater curvature. These patients were followed up for two to five years. Results were excellent to good in 87% and fair in 5%; 9% of the procedures were failures. One failure was due to recurrent ulcer, possibly related to ingestion of a dopamine antagonist. A second failure was due to the development of adenocarcinoma of the stomach three years after the original surgery. The etiology of gastric ulcers is unknown. If there is validity to the hypothesis that peptic acid ulceration occurs in gastric mucosa damaged by reflux of duodenal contents, then there is a physiologic basis for the operation. The good results obtained in our patients are consistent with the results reported by others. PMID- 7283708 TI - Long-term loss of Warren's shunt selectivity. Angiographic demonstration. AB - Fifteen patients with a patent shunt after distal splenorenal shunt with gastrosplenic disconnection were prospectively studied by angiography three to 36 months after operation. In all patients a collateral circulation from the portomesenteric to the gastrosplenic system was developed through enlarged venous channels. In all patients the portal flow decreased, as suggested by the angiographically assessed degradation of the portal perfusion of the liver and/or the diminution of the diameter of the portal vein. In two patients the portal vein was thrombotic. We conclude that three months after operation distal splenorenal shunt with gastrosplenic disconnection is not hemodynamically different than portacaval laterolateral shunt. PMID- 7283706 TI - Transcapillary refill in hemorrhage and shock. AB - Moderate or major hemorrhage leads to diminished cardiac output and to increased total peripheral resistance. These cannot be corrected fully until blood volume is restored, which, in the absence of therapy, requires the movement of fluid and of protein from the interstitium into the capillaries. This movement appears mediated entirely by changes in the Starling forces, dominated in the first phase by a fall in capillary hydrostatic pressure, which promotes a rapid shift of protein-free fluid from the interstitium into the capillaries. The second phase, temporally overlapping the initial phase, involves the return of protein to support plasma oncotic pressure. Interstitial albumin probably constitutes the source of the immediate restoration of plasma protein. The driving force for return of the protein depends on interstitial volume and pressure, which in turn appear to depend on movement of fluid from cells to the interstitium, mediated by an increase in solute bathing the cells, especially glucose. It is suggested that this solute is delivered to peripheral cells from the splanchnic bed, where it appears to be formed under the action of hormones whose secretion is stimulated by hemorrhage and injury. PMID- 7283709 TI - Involvement of the nipple and areola by carcinoma of the breast. AB - Forty-five surgical mastectomy specimens obtained during resection of carcinoma of the breast were evaluated for involvement of the nipple and/or areola by cancer. Such involvement was found in 11 specimens (25%). Tumor size, relative distance of the tumor from the nipple, and tumor histologic type were investigated and compared with nipple-areolar involvement. The high incidence of nipple involvement found here indicates a definite risk of recurrence for surgical procedures that preserve the nipple. PMID- 7283710 TI - Deep veins of the leg as femoropopliteal bypass grafts. AB - Deep leg veins were used as femoropopliteal grafts in 13 patients treated with limb loss (average age, 77.5 years). Runoff was poor in ten patients, and three required transmetatarsal amputations. Early limb salvage was achieved in all cases. Nine (69%) of 13 grafts were either patent when last examined (four patients, 21.5 months average follow-up) or remained patent until the patient's death (five patients, 29 months average follow-up). Two of the late failures (six and seven months), occurred in the three patients who had secondary or complicated reconstructions. In the ten patients whose deep veins were used as primary grafts, eight have remained patent (average follow-up, 24.8 months) and two have become occluded (seven and 21 months). There was no operative mortality and minimal morbidity, suggesting that in patients threatened with limb loss and unavailable saphenous veins, the superficial femoral and popliteal veins may be the graft materials of choice. PMID- 7283712 TI - The prognosis of primary lymphedema of the lower limbs. AB - Primary lymphedema in most patients can be managed conservatively, but, in a few, severe lymphedema develops that requires surgical reduction of the limb. The five to 20-year course of the disease has been studied in 372 patients. The eventual extent of the disease could be assessed within the first year. Further spreading of the lymphedema in the same limb occurred in only 7% of the patients after the first year and in less than 1% after five years. Only 9% of the patients suffered lymphedema of the other leg at a later time. Patients without pelvic lymphatic obstruction had a good prognosis even if the distal lymphatics were obliterated, but 32% of those with proximal obstructive hypoplasia had severe lymphedema that required surgical reduction. In this latter group, men and women were affected equally. PMID- 7283713 TI - Extracranial surgery for the low-flow-endangered brain. AB - Angiography documented severe (greater than 75%, cross-sectional area) bilateral carotid stenotic or occlusive disease in 60 patients. One third of these patients were thought to have transient ischemic symptoms of low-flow rather than embolic etiology. Preangiographic ocular pneumoplethysmography (OPG-Gee) was obtained in all patients. Postoperative OPG studies were obtained in the 39 patients who underwent unilateral carotid surgery. In seven of the 39 patients who were operated on, bilateral procedures were performed; OPG studies were obtained after the second procedure also. Comparison of the preoperative and postoperative OPG studies provided convincing evidence that the establishment of major carotid inflow should be the primary objective in patients with severe bilateral carotid disease, and that distal extracranial-intracranial reconstruction should be reserved for patients failing to respond to augmented inflow because of deficient collateral vessels. PMID- 7283711 TI - Reflux gastritis syndrome. Role of upper gastrointestinal microflora. AB - Bacteriologic samplings of the upper gastrointestinal tract bile acids profile of the intestinal contents were performed in eight patients with reflux gastritis syndrome and three asymptomatic patients who had had gastric surgery. All symptomatic patients showed colonization of the gastric and/or intestinal samples with strains of enteric Gram-negative bacteria and Pseudomonas. However, no single specific group or species was consistently associated with reflux gastritis syndrome. The concentration of total and conjugated bile acids was significantly greater in symptomatic patients. Presence of free bile acids was correlated with heavier bacterial colonization. To evaluate the effect of antibiotic therapy on bacterial flora and symptoms, patients were studied for three separate four-week evaluation periods. Following the first evaluation period, they were assigned to receive either doxycycline or placebo in a crossover fashion during the second and third periods. Total symptom scores did not differ significantly and no specific patterns were evident in the bacterial flora. These observations support the hypothesis that microbial flora is an associated factor in reflux gastritis syndrome and may play an important role only in certain individual patients. PMID- 7283716 TI - Does Peutz-Jeghers syndrome predispose to gastrointestinal malignancy? A later look. AB - Several reports have recently suggested an association between the development of intestinal carcinoma and the presence of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. During the 45 year period between 1935 and 1979, 48 patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome were seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, and followed up for a median period of 33 years. Carcinoma of the small or large intestine did not develop in any patient, with possibly one exception. Survival of patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome also was found to be similar to that of the general population. Therefore, skepticism continues about the premalignant potential of this rare syndrome, especially in the small intestine, and surgical conservatism should be practiced in its management. PMID- 7283715 TI - Rupture of the corpus cavernosum of the penis. AB - Rupture of the corpus cavernosum ("fracture" of the penis) is an uncommon injury that occurs in an erect penis. The tunica albuginea is torn during coitus or as a result of external forces, resulting in sudden pain, swelling, and discoloration of the penis. Urethral rupture is associated with the cavernous injury in approximately 10% of cases. Treatment of the injury aims at full functional and cosmetic recovery. Nonoperative treatment results in a 10% incidence of penile deformity and requires a substantial hospital stay. However, surgical repair eliminates resultant deformity and allows for earlier hospital discharge. Three patients had fractured penises, including one penis associated with a torn urethra. Early surgical repair was performed in each patient, and the results were excellent. Prompt surgical repair should be given to all patients with a fractured penis. PMID- 7283717 TI - Audible interpretation of carotid Doppler signals. An improved technique to define carotid artery disease. AB - Direct interrogation of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries with a bidirectional Doppler detector was performed on 199 vessels in 101 patients. Audible interpretations of normal, disturbed (stenotic), or absent (occluded) flow signals were made by vascular technologists and the results were compared with independently assessed carotid arteriograms. The sensitivity in detecting severe (greater than or equal to 50%) stenosis or occlusion was 9.2%, with correct differentiation of these two conditions in 84% of vessels. Nonobstructive (less than 50%) stenoses were detected in 30% of cases. The specificity in identifying normal carotid arteries was 91%. The predictive values of normal, abnormal, and absent flow signals were 95%, 90%, and 90%, respectively. Direct carotid Doppler signal analysis is more accurate than indirect periorbital Doppler screening in defining carotid stenosis or occlusion. PMID- 7283714 TI - Late result of sphincteroplasty in the treatment of primary cholangitis. AB - Sphincteroplasty is one of the surgical procedures used in the treatment of primary cholangitis. We performed this operation on 342 patients over a 13-year period, with an operative mortality of 4.7%. Postoperative examination of 271 patients (average follow-up, seven years four months) showed that a good result was achieved in 226 patients, a fair result in 23 patients, and a poor result in 22 patients. Analysis of the reoperations in 17 patients showed that stone reformation is the most common finding, followed by sphincteroplasty stricture, liver abscess, and empyema of the gallbladder. When performed with proper indications in the management of primary cholangitis, sphincteroplasty is a safe procedure, and the majority of patients can expect good results. PMID- 7283718 TI - Pseudocyst of the pancreas in childhood. Current advances in diagnosis. AB - A pseudocyst of the pancreas is an uncommon problem in the pediatric patient. When present, more than half of these cases are caused by blunt trauma to the abdomen. Recent experience in the management of three cases demonstrated the importance of sonography in the diagnosis of lesion. Sonography is most effective and noninvasive, and false-positive results are rare. Sonography also was used to follow the progress of a resolving pseudocyst in one of these three cases. A more aggressive surgical approach is necessary in the management of this lesion. PMID- 7283719 TI - Intermittent aortic-graft obstruction secondary to anastomotic aneurysms. AB - Diagnosis of anastomotic aneurysms is usually suggested by simple palpation of a pulsatile mass on physical examination. Diagnosis may be more difficult, and clinical appearance more unusual, for those aneurysms occurring in an intra abdominal location. This article reports an unusual manifestation of bilateral iliac-artery false aneurysms, ie, intermittent obstruction of aortic-graft blood flow. Femoral pulses were absent and significant peripheral ischemia present with the patient's legs extended. Femoral pulses returned to normal with the patient's legs flexed. Perianastomotic fibrosis, the mass effect of the false aneurysms, and possible kinking of the partially disrupted suture line with tensing of the psoas muscle on extension of the legs are possible causes of the intermittent obstruction to blood flow. The varied clinical manifestations and general principles of operative repair of anastomotic aneurysms are described. PMID- 7283720 TI - Precise diagnosis of aortic anastomotic aneurysm by computed tomographic scan. AB - False aneurysms that involve aortoprosthetic anastomoses may be difficult to diagnose prior to fatal rupture. We report a case in which a false aneurysm that developed six year after aortofemoral-graft insertion was accurately diagnosed by a computed tomographic (CT) scan after both ultrasonography and angiography had failed to make the diagnosis. The ability of CT scanning to demonstrate anastomotic aneurysms and accurately determine the presence of periaortic hemorrhage is discussed. PMID- 7283721 TI - Nonoperative management of contained esophageal perforation. AB - Spontaneous perforation of the esophagus still carries a high rate of morbidity and mortality because of frequent delay in diagnosis, extensive mediastinal contamination, and inadequate surgical repair. We used a nonoperative approach in two patients in whom the perforation was well contained, with evidence of drainage back into the esophagus and few symptoms or signs of sepsis. Nonoperative management included administration of intravenous antibiotics and hyperalimentation. Both patients had a satisfactory outcome. PMID- 7283724 TI - Suture tension in shouldice's hernioplasty. PMID- 7283723 TI - Nonantral gastric carcinoids and hyperglastrinemia. PMID- 7283722 TI - Acute bilateral renal artery occlusion. Revascularization with the splenic artery. AB - Although acute renal artery occlusion usually leads to kidney necrosis, preexisting collateral vessels may occasionally preserve the organ long enough to permit revascularization. This principle was demonstrated in a patient in whom bilateral acute renal artery occlusion developed following repair of an aortoduodenal fistula. Approach to the aorta for primary revascularization was interdicted by extensive scarring. Accordingly, bilateral renal artery revascularization was successfully effected with the use of the splenic artery and reversed saphenous vein grafts through extra-anatomic planes. This experience demonstrates the importance of an aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach to acute renal artery occlusion, as well as the usefulness of the large-caliber, lengthy, disease-free, dispensable splenic artery as a revascularization source. PMID- 7283725 TI - Permeability of vulcanized patches. PMID- 7283726 TI - Slipped Nissen's fundoplication: a stitch in time. PMID- 7283727 TI - [Deficient nickel supply and the content of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus inthe bone of growing rats]. AB - Based upon studies on Ni deficiency with marked changes in intermediary metabolism, the recent investigation examined the extent to which deficient Ni supply affects the content of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in rat femurs. In Ni deficiency the content of calcium and phosphorus was reduced, in the case of calcium even more so than accounted for by the decrease in bone weight. The result was Ca : P ratio of 1.8 : 1 in Ni deficiency compared with 2.0 : 1 in control animals. In the case of magnesium, however, the Mg concentration was increased by 45% in the bone fresh matter of the deficient animals. The reduced Ca retention in the bone is accordingly contrasted by an enhanced deposition of magnesium. PMID- 7283728 TI - [Studies on the effect of phosphoric phenyl ester diamide as inhibitor of the rumen urease of dairy cows. 1. Influence on urea hydrolysis, ammonia release and fermentation in the rumen]. AB - An amount of 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% (related to N) of phosphoric phenyl ester diamide (PPD) effective as urease blocking substance was applied to the surface of urea with oilbitumen and fed to cows with rumen cannulae over a period of 31 resp. 164 ... 167 days. (The ration essentially consisted of 4.5 kg dried roughage and 1.5 kg starch or 1.1 kg starch plus 0.4 kg sugar and contained 50 g urea). By treating the urea with PPD, the activity of urease, the hydrolysis rate of urea and the NH3-concentration in the rumen were significantly diminished 0.5 to 2 hours after feeding (alpha = 0.05). The effect of PPD was greatest in the first days and decreased with the advancing feeding period. In the variant with 0.5% PPD the examined parameters were significantly reduced after 142 to 164 days, too. This effect remained traceable in its diminished form even after the preparation was discontinued over a period of 35 days. The dynamics of the NH3 concentration was not altered by PPD after a longer feeding period. One can conclude that PPD inhibits the hydrolysis of urea but does not retard it. In conclusion one can say that, because of PPD, the toxicity of urea is lower without the utilisation of urea being better. Due to PPD the molar propionate level in volatile fatty acids decreases significantly and the acetate-propionate relation is expanded. PMID- 7283730 TI - [Studies on the effect of phosphoric phenyl ester diamide as inhibitor of rumen urease in dairy cows. 3. Digestibility of the nutrients and bacterial protein synthesis]. AB - Two lactating cows with duodenal re-entrance cannulae were fed with rations containing 180g urea (A) resp. urea modified with the urase inhibitor phosphoric phenyl ester diamide (PPD, 1 g PPD/100 g N). The cows, accustomed to urea, were not adapted to PPD (B) resp. had been adapted to PPD for 30 days (C). From A to C the digestibility of the organic matter in the stomachs amounted to 52, 47 and 52% and in the total tract to 78, 77 and 79%; the digestibility of crude cellulose amounted to 64, 50 and 62% resp. 69, 64 and 68% and that of starch to 91, 87 and 95% resp. 100% in each case. 71, 66 and 70% of the N were digested. The passage rate of N in the duodenum was 90, 102 and 106% of the N-intake. In the intestines 61, 68 and 76% of the N-intake were absorbed. The passage of bacteria-N in the duodenum was 67, 92 and 71% of the N-intake, that of the sum of NH3- and urea-N 6,8 and 8%. The conclusion is that, with unchanged digestibility of darbydrates, the N-supply of cows should be improved by the modification of urea with PPD after the adaptation of the cows. Cellulose fermentation is inhibited at the beginning of the adaptation to PPD. PMID- 7283731 TI - [Studies of the activity of disaccharides in growing sheep. 2. The influence of the feeding regime on the activity of disaccharidases in lambs up to the age of 4 weeks under various rearing conditions]. AB - In two groups of 16 animals each lambs were fed restrictively resp. ad libitum withour ewes with a milk replacer up to the age of four weeks. Maltase activity in the contents of the duodenum and the pancreas homogenate increased with the increasing age of the lambs. The maltase activity of the restrictively fed lambs was higher. The maltase activity in the duodenal mucosa was not influenced by the age. Lactase activity in the duodenal mucosa showed a decreasing tendency up to the end of the four week of life; an increase of lactase activity in the contents of the duodenum could be ascertained up to the fourth week. In comparison with the suckling lambs reared by ewes (cf. 1.) the maltase activity in the duodenal mucosa of the lambs reared without ewes was lower and that in the contents of the duodenum was higher. Concerning lactase activity, there were not significant differences between the rearing and feeding regimens up to the age of three weeks. At the end of their fourth week of life the lactase activity in the suckling lambs was significantly lower than that in the lambs reared without ewes. The total maltase activity (= sum of the activities in the duodenal mucosa, the contents of the duodenum and in the pancreas) showed the highest values for the lambs reared without ewes and fed restrictively in the first three weeks of life. Saccharase activities in the duodenal mucosa or the contents of the duodenum could not be detected in any case. PMID- 7283733 TI - [Pregnancy anabolism of the trace elements copper, zinc, nickel and manganese in sows]. AB - In an experiment with 16 sows of the German Landrace the influence of gravidity and a varying dietary trace element supply on the total balance of copper, zinc, nickel and manganese was tested from the 21st day of gravidity until farrowing. The trial was of a factorial design (2X2X3). The balances were measured with 8 nongravid and 8 gravid sows at two levels of trace element supply (basic and supplemented groups) in three collecting periods. Additionally concentration of copper, zinc, and nickel and manganese was analyzed in the gestational products, namely in piglets, amniotic fluid and placenta. These balance trials were conducted to investigate whether there also is a pregnancy anabolism of copper, zinc, nickel and manganese in sows. Besides, the requirements of these trace elements of nongravid and gravid sows should be worked out. Trace element excretion in the gestational products amounted in comparison to the total fecal and urinary excretion to 2.3, 2.5, 0.4 and 0.2 per cent for Cu, Zn, Ni and Mn, respectively. The balances of zinc, nickel and also manganese were controlled homeo-statically in the nongravid sows with a higher intake of these elements. From the experimental data a daily requirement of 12 mg Cu, 50 mg Zn, 1.4 mg Ni and 50 mg Mn is established, i.e. 6 mg Cu, 25 mg Zn, 0.7 mg Ni and 25 mg Mn per kg of feed. At increased dietary supply of copper, zinc, nickel and manganese pregnancy anabolism of these elements took effect in sows. Dependent on the level of dietary supply in this experiment of zinc, nickel and manganese 33, 12, 19 and 12 per cent the dietary copper, were accreted anabolically in the maternal body itself. PMID- 7283732 TI - [Methodological guidelines for digestion experiments for feed evaluation]. AB - The directions for digestion experiments with sheep, pigs and chickens agreed upon by the coordination team for research in the field of animal nutrition in the GDR (coordination of research in the research institutions in the special field of animal nutrition in the GDR) are presented. PMID- 7283729 TI - [Studies on the effect of phosphoric phenyl ester diamide as inhibitor of the rumen urease of dairy cows. 2. The metabolism of 15N-urea]. AB - Two lactating dairy cows supplied with rumen and duodenal re-entrance cannulae received with their rations containing 8.2% vegetable crude protein 180 g urea per day (I) or urea treated with the urease inhibitor phosphoric phenyl ester diamide (PPD, 1% of the N-quota). The cows, accustomed to urea, received the PPD urea without adaptation (II) and after a 30-day adaptation (III) to PPD. On the first day of the experiment one half of the urea was given ruminally in its 15N labelled form. 2 h after the isotope supplementation 62.5 and 24 mg NH3 and 6.58 and 21 mg urea/100 ml could be detected in the rumen juice of I to III. Within 72 h 16.6, 26.1 and 25.2% of the 15N-excess given (15N') passed the duodenum in TCA soluble form and 31.2, 28.4 and 41.7% in TCA - precipitable form. 15.6, 24.4 and 21.5% of the total amount of 15N were excreted in urine and 4.5, 4.6 and 6.0% in the milk protein. The values for faeces were 14.4, 14,4 and 15.4%. The conclusion from these results and from the dynamics of the relative 15N' in the fractions of the rumen fluid is that with a limited inhibition of rumen urease by PPD as it develops after the adaptation, the utilisation of urea-N can be improved. PMID- 7283734 TI - [Endogenous N-secretion in the small intestine of pigs]. AB - The method of isotope dilution for the determination of endogenous N-secretion was used with three pigs of a live weight of between 15 and 27 kg, which were provided with simple cannulae at the end of the small intestines. The test animals received a single dose of a semi-synthetic ration with 15N-labelled dried curds as sole source of protein. The passage rate to the ileum ascertained with the help of 51Cr2O3 was 70% in 24 hours. During the test period of 24 hours the endogeneous N-amount in the ileum chyme was 1.11 g resp. 56.6 mg/kg live weight. Of that, 60% were allowed to be absorbed in the chyme at the end of the small intestine. PMID- 7283735 TI - [Effect of the polyether antibiotic "monensin" on the rumen fermentation and fattening results of crossbreeding bulls of dairy cattle and fattening hybrids]. AB - The influence of the polyether antibiotic Monensin on the rumen fermentation and the fattening results of fattening hybrids (genotype 61) and crossbreeding bulls of dairy cattle (genotype 19) was ascertained in two feeding experiments (E1 and E2). Caused by the supplementation of the antibiotic, the molar acetate quota decreased (1.9 to 4.8 Mol %) and the molar propionate concentration increased (0.2 to 2.9 Mol %) in the rumen fluid of crossbreeding bulls of dairy cattle and of fattening hybrids, it is, however, below the range described in literature. With the exception of the fattening hybrids in E1, the supplementation of Monensin resulted in the diminished intake of dry matter, the daily increase of the live weight of all groups of fattening bulls was higher (E1: fattening hybrids: 1106 resp. 1199g; crossbreeding bulls of dairy cattle: 1037 resp. 1058 g; E2: 997 resp. 1024 g; 895 resp. 981 g without resp. with Monensin). After the Monensin supplementation the crossbreeding bulls of dairy cattle showed a distinctly bigger decrease of the feed intake and a rise of the live weight increase than the fattening hybrids. For this reason the genotypes of dairy cattle showed in both experiments after the Monensin supplementation a bigger decrease of expenditure (0.8 resp. 7.1% and 5.6 resp. 11.3% in experiments 1 and 2) than the fattening hybrids. PMID- 7283736 TI - Effect of phenobarbital pretreatment on benzene biotransformation in the rat. II. 9,000 g supernatant and isolated perfused liver versus living rat. AB - Factors responsible for different quantitative effect of phenobarbital (PB) pretreatment (sodium phenobarbital, 50 mg kg-1 day-1 for 3 days) on benzene metabolism to phenol in vivo and in vitro were studied in male Wistar rats. A more than 4-fold increase of benzene metabolism was observed wih 9,000 g supernatant of liver homogenate, 2.8- to 4-fold increase with isolated perfused liver; phenol formation in vivo after oral benzene was increased by PB 2-fold, but only shortly following benzene administration and the enhancement rapidly diminished to 1.15-fold increase in the total excreted phenol. Benzene concentrations i 9,000 g supernatant incubations were 2 mM, those with isolated perfused livers were up to 4 mM, but those in blood in vivo were below 0.3 mM; the effect of PB induction in vivo disappeared along with decreasing benzene and increasing phenol blood concentrations which surpassed benzene 2-3 h after oral benzene administration. The effect of benzene concentration on the manifestation of PB induction is also supported by almost a 2-fold increased phenol formation in PB rats over controls in vivo after repeated administration of benzene. The elimination of radioactive metabolites of orally administered benzene-14C, 3 mmoles kg-1, in urine was markedly inhibited by intraperitoneal administration of phenol (1.2 mmol kg-1), but not by pyrocatechol, resorcinol or hydroquinol (0.6 mmole kg-1, respectively) suggesting that phenol might inhibit benzene metabolism in vivo especially when its concentration exceeds that of benzene. PMID- 7283737 TI - Cysts in rabbit foetal brains. Malformation or artefacts? AB - Reports have appeared in the literature on brain cysts in rabbit foetuses. This paper reports on investigations carried out to assess whether "cystic dilatation" is a malformation or an artefact. The results show that "cystic dilatation" arises by splitting of the pia-arachnoid membrane leading to a space between the skull and the neural tissue which is lined by the pial layer on its interior aspect and the arachnoid on its exterior aspect. The evidence presented indicates that "cystic dilatation" is a fixation-induced artefact. In addition, the presence of several artificial tissue clefts and spaces in preserved rabbit foetal brains is reported. PMID- 7283738 TI - Biotransformation of 4-dimethylaminophenol in man. AB - 1) The biotransformation of 4-dimethylaminophenol (DMAP) was studied on six healthy male volunteers. After i.v. injection of 3.2 mg DMAP-HCl/kg the metabolites were analyzed in the 24 h urine with an isotope dilution technique. 2) For the isotope dilution technique the 14C-labeled metabolites were synthetized from 14C-DMAP. 14C-DMAP-glucuronide was produced in isolated hepatocytes and purified. 3) Two thirds of the DMAP applied were identified in the 24 h urine: 40% DMAP-glucuronide, 12% DMAP-sulfate, and 15% DMAP-thioethers. About 65% of the thioether fraction consisted of S,S,S-(2-dimethylamino-5-hydroxy 1,3,4-phenylene)tris-cysteine and 3% of the corresponding N-acetyl derivative. 4) As compared to dogs and rats humans produced more glucuronide at the expense of sulfate whereas thioether formation was equal in man and dog. PMID- 7283739 TI - Absorption of hexavalent chromium by skin in man. AB - Absorption by skin of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions of sodium chromate in man was investigated. It was found that the amount of chromium absorbed was related to the concentration of Cr6+ in solution and to time of exposure. For 0.01, 0.1, and 0.2 molar solutions of chromium, skin absorption rates during 1 h exposure were 1.1, 6.5, and 10.0 micrograms/cm2/h respectively. PMID- 7283741 TI - Late aortic rupture after lye ingestion. AB - A case of liquid lye ingestion with late aortic rupture is reported. The rupture occurred 44 days after the lye ingestion. This case report shows that the lye induced tissue damage has a long duration and may lead to late aortic rupture, especially if there is an additional trauma to the esophagus due to dilatation and perforation of the esophageal wall. PMID- 7283740 TI - Identification and determination of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in urine of workers exposed to carbon disulfide. AB - A compound was isolated from the urine of workers exposed to carbon disulfide during the production of rayon. The compound was identified as 2-thiothiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) by GC/MS and NMR. A HPLC method for the quantitative determination of TTCA was elaborated and applied to urine samples. The method allowed detection of TTCA concentrations in urine as low as 5 X 10(-7) M. No TTCA was detected in urine of workers occupationally exposed to organic solvents other than CS2. High concentrations of TTCA (upto 32 X 10(-5) M) were shown to be present in urine of spinners exposed to CS2 concentrations of approximately 100 mg/m3. It is suggested that the assay of urinary TTCA is suitable for detection of occupational exposure to CS2. PMID- 7283742 TI - Bioavailability of cadmium in rats fed various diets. AB - Six-week-old female albino rats were fed rat diet or human foods: meat, bread or milk--3 days before and 6 days after a single oral dose of 115m Cd. All animals were killed 6 days after administration and the radioactivity in the whole body and in the gut-free carcass were determined in a double scintillation counter. Gut retentions were calculated as the difference: whole body minus carcass. All animals fed meat, bread or milk had much higher body retentions than animals fed rat diet (whole body 4-5 times, carcass about 3 times and gut 10-14 times). Our results point out the importance of nutritional factors in metal metabolism and toxicity. PMID- 7283743 TI - Formation of pre-neoplastic hepatocellular foci by vinyl fluoride in newborn rats. PMID- 7283745 TI - Comparative study of the sensitivity of male and female rats to methylmercury. AB - Male and female rats were dosed daily by gastric gavage four or five times with 8.0 mg/kg Hg as methylmercury. Treatment lowered the body weight in relation to the body weight of untreated rats to the same extent in male and female rats but when body weight was related to the initial body weight, the effect of methylmercury was more pronounced in females than in males. The important of differences in growth or loss of body weight is that in spite of the similar whole body clearance mercury concentrations were higher in females than in males. After identical doses the brains of females always contained more mercury than those of males and in both sexes the brain concentration of mercury showed a disproportionate elevation when the number of doses was increased from four to five. However, weight change alone does not explain the sex related difference in the brain concentration of mercury as this was evident even 72 h after a single dose. In agreement with the brain concentration of mercury, female rats developed more intensive co-ordination disorders and after five doses they had more extensive damage in the granular layer of the cerebellum than males. PMID- 7283744 TI - Placental transfer of thiamphenicol in the rat. AB - Measurement of thiamphenicol transfer to the rat embryo during organogenesis was performed as one step of the determination of possible drug embryotoxicity in man. Extrapolation of data on animal embryotoxicity to man will only become possible when data on the toxicokinetic properties of the substance under investigation are available for both animal and man. 1) Thiamphenicol, given between day 11.5 and 14 of rat gestation, rapidly reached the embryo; 4--6 h after single i.v. or s.c. injection, embryonic and maternal thiamphenicol levels became equal and decreased from that time on at the same rate. 2) No evidence was found for development of a placenta barrier with increasing placental function. The same dose applied at different developmental stages yielded the same embryonic drug concentrations. 3) Elimination via kidney (unchanged) or bile (glucuronide), may become rate-limiting for thiamphenicol excretion. Doses exceeding 50 mg/kg (i.v.) or approx. 100 mg/kg (s.c.) yielded thiamphenicol levels higher than those expected from linear dose-concentration relationships. 4) Drug concentrations (greater than 3--5 micrograms/g wet weight) obtained with dosing regimens (greater than 100 mg/kg/day) used for experimental induction of embryolethality in rats are equal to those necessary for inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis in vitro and to those necessary for treatment of bacterial infections in man. PMID- 7283746 TI - Effects of lead, copper, and zinc on the rat's lactate dehydrogenase in vivo and in vitro. AB - Following subacute intoxication of rats with Pb-, Cu-, and Zn-salts (separately or in mixture) for 5 weeks, the chelating agent D-penicillamine was administered for 3 weeks. In the course of the 3-month experiment, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was estimated in serum and in cytoplasmic fraction of the kidney. Pb2+ treatment resulted in an increase of LDH activity, Cu2+ in a slight decrease, whereas Zn2+ had no effect, respectively. Mixture of these metals caused a significant rise in the enzymatic activity. Seven weeks after the stoppage of the administration of toxic substances, altered LDH activity, both in serum and in kidney returned to normal. D-penicillamine treatment was found to accelerate a restoration of the enzyme activity. In the experiments in vitro, Cu2+ inhibited significantly the kidney LDH activity, Pb2+ and Zn2+ being 100- and 400-times less efficient, respectively. Cu2+ inhibition was reversed by D-penicillamine, whereas inhibition of LDH by Zn2+ or Pb2+ was irreversible. PMID- 7283748 TI - Biotransformation and disposition of the coumaphos metabolite 3-chloro-4-methyl (4-14C)-7-hydroxycoumarin in rats. AB - The biotransformation and disposition of 3-chloro-4-methyl-(4-14C)-7 hydroxycoumarin [(14C) chlorferron] were investigated in rats after single oral administration. Following administration of (14C) chlorferron at 0.5 and 20 mg/kg body weight to male rats, greater than 90% of the given dose was eliminated in the urine (77-84%) and faeces (7-15%) within 24 h. Low levels of (14C) chlorferron derived residues were detected in different organs of rats 7 days after dosing. Administration of (14C) chlorferron at 20 mg/kg allowed the isolation of three metabolites in the 24-h urine of male and female rats. Compounds tentatively identified were dechlorinated metabolites of chlorferron besides unchanged chlorferron. The majority of the metabolites were excreted in conjugated forms. The pattern of biotransformation of chlorferron was qualitatively similar in male and female rats. Comparative studies on the elimination and biodistribution of (14C) chlorferron and its parent compound (14C) coumaphos in male rats indicated rapid metabolism and faster elimination of chlorferron and its metabolites from the body than that of the parent compound. PMID- 7283751 TI - [Anatomy of muscles acting on the temporomandibular joint]. AB - By means of craniometry, 300 skulls of mature persons have been studied, as well as the muscles affecting the temporomandibular joint (m. masseter, m. temporalis, m. pterygoideus medialis et lateralis, anterior venter of m. digastricus, m. mylohyoideus, m. geniohyoideus, m. genioglossus) have been studied in 170 preparations of the mature persons' corpses by the method of preparation. It has been stated that the bony parts to which the muscles in question are fixed have various size, form and are in different topographic relation at various forms of the skull. Therefore, the size, form and position of the muscles affecting the temporomandibular joint are characterized by different indices in brachicephals and in dolichocephals. Fatty tissue spaces, limited by the muscles and cranial bones mentioned above, have corresponding different length and communications. PMID- 7283749 TI - Acute phalloidin poisoning in dogs. AB - The acute toxic effects of phalloidin, a toxin from the green deathcup, Amanita phalloides, were tested in dogs. No fatalities occurred following intravenous injection; however, the biochemical parameters GPT, GOT, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin yielded pathological values. Histologically the liver parenchyma revealed hemorrhagic necrosis and peliosis-like changes with penetration of red blood cells into hepatocytes. PMID- 7283750 TI - [Mineral saturation of the hand bones of adolescent and young adult boxers of Khabarovsk]. AB - By the method of standard linear roentgenodensitometry worked out by M. A. Kornev the effect of boxing on mineralization degree of the hand bones in young boxers has been studied, as well as dependence between dynamic of mineralization and ossification and synostosis processes in the bones mentioned. Boxing has been stated to result in certain adaptive-compensatory changes in the structure and development in the young boxer hand skeleton. They are revealed as an increased mineral component in the hand bones and as delayed ossification and synostosis processes in these bones. PMID- 7283752 TI - [Changes in the structure and cellular makeup of inguinal lymph nodes of white rats after dynamic and static loading]. AB - Applying histological and morphometric methods, construction and cell composition of the inguinal lymph nodes have been studied in 125 white rats subjected to a daily dynamic (swimming) and static (hanging on a pole) loading. It has been demonstrated that the structural and cell composition changes of the lymph nodes depend but slightly on the character of the loading (dynamic or static), but rather essentially vary in the animals differently adapted to the loading. When adaptation is satisfactory, the rats gain in weight, in their lymph nodes the areas occupied by the connective tissue elements grow smaller, while the part of the cortical substance increases, with increasing number in them of follicles having light centres. As to the cell composition in the lymph node of these animals, a characteristic feature is an increasing amount of large and middle lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, plasmic cells and mitoses, that demonstrate an accelerated activity of the organism's immunological reactions. When adaptation to the physical loading is insufficient--exophtalmus, brown rings around the eyes appear, with a successive motor excitation. These animals poorly gain in weight, the number of lymphoblasts and large lymphocytes in the light follicular centres of their lymph nodes decreases, as well as the number of plasmic cells in the myelin cords; that demonstrates unsatisfactory immune processes. PMID- 7283747 TI - Zinc, copper and manganese in the organs of rats after sublethal cyanide intoxication. AB - Single doses of sodium cyanide (60 mumol/kg body weight s.c.) were administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of this poison on the content of the trace elements zinc, copper and manganese was investigated in various organs after 30 min, 2 h, 24 h, 48 h and 1 week. The zinc content in the liver was elevated 24 h after this sublethal cyanide dose (by approximately 20%). In contrast, the copper content in the kidneys was lowered (by approximately 15%) at the same time. Almost similar changes were observed in the same organs after daily administration of the poison for 5 days. For comparison, another group of rats was allowed to respire for 30 min the air that contained only 10% oxygen. The above changes in the trace element concentrations were not observed under these conditions. After sublethal cyanide poisoning there seemed be slight but specific alterations in the trace element concentrations in the liver and kidneys of rats. On the other hand, there were no alterations in serum, heart, lung, brain, muscle, bone or testes. Up to now there is no clearcut explanation for the development and the possible biochemical importance of these results. PMID- 7283754 TI - [Structural organization of the microcirculatory bed of the primordia of human deciduous teeth]. AB - By means of injection and noninjection techniques structural organization of microcirculatory bed in the deciduous (milk) teeth germs have been studied in human fetuses, newborns and children. A definite dependence of the angioarchitectonics on the developmental stage of every tooth has been stated. Morphological differentiation of separate parts of the microcirculatory ways in the dental papilla is connected with dentinogenesis, and in the dental saccule- with amelogenesis, periodontum and alveolar wall formation. Those dental germ zones which have a peculiar functional importance (peripheral parts of the dental papilla, dental saccule in the area of the epithelial dental organ) are characterized by the presence of certain structural-functional apparatuses which provide increasing contact areas between blood and the tissues. Intraorganic circulatory bed of the dental papilla consists of identically constructed vascular complexes. The conformity coefficient between the arteriolar inlet and the venular outlet of the dental papilla microcirculatory ways during dentinogenesis is between 0.16--0.3. It has been stated that devices regulating the blood stream in the deciduous tooth germs (anastomoses, sphincters, arcades, etc.) are forming during the antenatal and early postnatal periods. PMID- 7283753 TI - [Morphologic features of the hemo- and lymphomicrocirculatory bed of the myocardium]. AB - By means of intraorganic impregnation of microvessels, it is possible to reveal simultaneously the hemo- and lymphomicrocirculatory beds in the rat and dog hearts and to analyse morphological peculiarities in all parts of the myocardial microcirculatory bed--arterioles, precapillaries, capillaries, postcapillaries, prevenules, venules. It has been demonstrated that the cardiac hemomicrocirculatory bed possesses certain structural-functional units, common for the whole microvascular bed, precapillary sphincters, metarterioles, as well as capillary "sphincters" and arteriolo-venular anastomoses. Lymphatic microvessels of the myocardium are represented by precapillaries and capillaries, the latter varying in their form. The main structural units of the myocardial lymphatic network are reservoir-like microvessels having an essential capicity; at alteration of systole and diastole they perform the role of a specific pump for smaller lymphatic capillaries. Owing to the morphological data obtained, it is possible to interprete anew the mechanisms of the myocardial lymphatic outflow. PMID- 7283755 TI - [Development of the human hip joint and its innervation]. AB - Thickening of mesenchyma at the place of the future coxofemoral joint (embryos 10.5--14 mm of parietal-coccygeal length) is defined in the area limited by the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves behind, by the femoral nerve in front and above and by the ischiatic nerve underneath and behind. The femoral head surrounded with anlages of the iliac, pubic and ischiatic bones is defined in 16 mm long embryos. The vascular canal ends blindly or penetrates through the wall of the cotyloid cavity at the place where lately fusion of the iliac and the pubic bones takes place. A special attention is paid, at the embryonic level, to variants of the iliolumbar muscle fixation and to participation of its tendons, in some cases, information of the femoral joint circular zone. The joint capsule, presented as a condensed mesenchyma is defined in prefetuses 18 mm of parietal coccygeal length. To its inferior fragment, branches of the obturative and the accessory obturative nerves, to its superior fragment--branches of the superior gluteal nerve, to its posterior fragment--branches of the ischiatic nerve, and to its anterior fragment--branches of the femoral nerve grow out. Taking into account the time when these nerves grow into the innervated substrate, they should be considered as the most important for innervating the capsule, it being realized mainly by mixed, or more exactly by the musculo-articular branches. As the branches of the nerves mentioned above penetrate into the capsule thickness, the latter is differentiating into certain layers. Owing to the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the anlage and further formation of the femoral joint elements is taking place simultaneously with the development and complication of its innervational connections. PMID- 7283756 TI - [Structure of the spongy substance of the human vertebra in the elderly]. AB - Structural peculiarities of the spongy substance samples from the lumbar vertebrae of elderly persons have been studied basing on qualitative and quantitative analysis of the raster-electronmicroscopic microphotos. The structural peculiarities and space organization of the spongy substance of the vertebral body have been studied in six topographically different zones. Mean thickness of the trabeculae and average width of the medullary spaces, as well as a relative volume of the osseous substance per volume unit of the spongy substance have been defined. Definite signs of the developing osteoporosis have been revealed in all the zones studied; the signs are mostly expressed in the central and superior zones of the vertebral body. Morphological signs of the age reorganization of the trabecular architectonics display in fenestration of the lamellar structures, up to their complete disappearance. Simultaneously, trabecules having cylindric form decrease in their thickness, and mean width of the medullary space increases. PMID- 7283757 TI - [Biometric characteristics of correlative intratruncal neurovascular relations of the peripheral nerves of dogs]. AB - By methods of a combined revealing of blood vessels and neural fibres (the latter were stained after Kulchitsky, Masson and Ranson), by impregnation of microvessels after V. V. Kuprianov using histometric and mathematical analysis, correlative peculiarities of myelinated and unmyelinated neural fibres with intratruncal blood vessels were studied in the median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, radial and ischiatic nerves of 20 mature dogs. Every intratruncal capillary provides nutrition to a group of neural fibres and their endoneural environment in a certain zone. The size of the radius and area of these zones is directly proportional to the diameters of the capillaries. Nutritional zones of adjacent capillaries overlap each other, thus reliably securing the neural fibre feeding. There is a close positive correlative interrelation between the number of the neural fibres and that of the intratruncal capillaries, as well as between indices of their metric distribution; that demonstrates a morpho-functional dependence of the myelo- and angioarchitectonics of the nerves studied. PMID- 7283758 TI - [Iso- and allotransplantation of spinal ganglia neurons]. AB - The survival of the embryonal, neonatal and mature neurons from the spinal ganglia under the condition of iso- and allotransplantation into the colon mesentery of the rat was studied in chronic experiments. For seven months one third of the mature neurons, about 100% of the neonatal neurons and only 5% of the embryonal neurons survived. The survived neurons had a pseudounipolar form and their initial glomeruli had excessive overgrowth in the form of perivascular plexus. These regenerating nerve fibres together with growth cones make terminals in the form of buds, rings and loops. Myelinization of the regenerating nerve fibres at ultrastructural level was studied. PMID- 7283759 TI - [Morphofunctional equivalents of the pituitary-adrenal system in disruptions of the integrity of the cardiorespiratory systems]. AB - Desintegration of the cardio-respiratory apparatus activity was modelled in 8 dogs using an individually dosed loading (running in the treadmill) up to V stage according to the original technique (control--10 dogs). By means of morphometric, histological, histochemical and electron microscopic analysis, morpho-functional equivalents of the reaction of the hypophysis-adrenals system were studied at a repeated desintegration in the activity of the cardio-respiratory apparatus. It was demonstrated that certain elements of the hypophysis-adrenals system were completely involved into the adaptive reactions. The greatest functional activity was detected in chromophobic and basophilic adrenocytes and in cells of the glomerular zone. In cells of the fascicular zone and in the medullar substance of the adrenals peculiar signs of the functional activity appeared. It is not expedient to calculate training regimes basing on the loading which determines the state of desintegration in the cardio-respiratory apparatus activity. PMID- 7283760 TI - [Quantitative ultrastructural, cytochemical, and functional characteristics of rat gastric parietal cells following administration of hydrocortisone and testosterone propionate]. AB - In the experiment performed on white rats (males), microscopical and histochemical investigations with successive morpho- and cytological studies have demonstrated that injections of large doses of hydrocortisone (unlike the small ones) produce certain distrophic changes in the parietal cells, demonstrated as a decrease in the secretory membranes, mitochondrial destruction, discoordination of the energy metabolism and a sharp drop of the acid-producing function. Testosterone injection produces an opposite effect on the parietal cells. When the preparations are injected simultaneously, testosterone, while increasing resistivity and threshold sensitivity of the parietal cells to hydrocortisone, decreases destructive effect of the latter. PMID- 7283761 TI - [Cellular organization of the osphradia of the lamellibranch mollusks Unio pectorum an Anodonta cygea]. AB - Osphradia of freshwater Lamellibranchia Unio pectorum and Anodonta cygnea are paired arcuate torsus situating in the mantle cavity at either side of the visceroparietal ganglion at the base of the gills. The osphradia are formed by folded unistratified epithelium covering the branchial ganglion and its nerves. Ciliary and mucous glandular cells, specific for the surrounding mantle, are nearly absent in the osphradial epithelium. Under the epithelium of the osphradial sensory area several types of bipolar primary-sensitive cells are situated, they have receptory terminals on the epithelial surface. Along the course of the branchial nerve, there are many uni-, bi- and multipolar neurons having, in most cases, several branchings within the nerve dendrite-like processes and one thin axon-like process running to the branchial ganglion. Together with the sensory function, the osphradial neural apparatus in Lamellibranchia is supposed to realize autonomic reflexes. PMID- 7283762 TI - [Do we know how the motor nerve controls the phenotype of the skeletal muscle fiber?]. PMID- 7283763 TI - [Distribution of interhemispheric and interhemispheric afferent fibers of the parietal association area of the cat cerebrum]. AB - Distributional peculiarities of the associative and callosal fibres from the parietal field 7 have been studied. These fibres are found in both hemispheres in fields 7, 19, 18 and 17, but they are less prominent in contralateral projections. In each field the ipsilateral and contralateral fibres are characterized by identical organization. For example, in fields 7 and 19 both afferents are distributed in all layers, concentrating mainly in layers II and III and make contacts on fine dendrites and on the spines; in fields 18 and 17 these afferents are limited mainly by middle layers and terminate in field 18 predominantly on fine and middle size dendrites, and in field 17 comparatively more often on large size dendrites and soma. PMID- 7283764 TI - [Reactive changes in living nerve endings in cultures of isolated neurons devoid of glia]. AB - Reactive changes in terminal apparatus of mollusc mature neurons treated with pronase and cultivated in 20% medium with saline solutions added have been studied by means of modern methods of differential and coloured interferential contrast. The culture used can serve to study mechanisms of an urgent nonspecific reaction of varicose rearrangement of the terminal apparatus, as well as delayed reactive changes of an "excessive" growth type, autapses formation, self amputation etc. In the glia-deprived culture, glia is not an initial organizing factor of varicose deformity of the processes. Mechanisms of varicose rearrangement of thick and thin fibres are discussed. PMID- 7283765 TI - [Ultrastructural features of the interneuronal synapses of medical leeches]. AB - The motor area in neuropil of the leech abdominal brain has been studied electron microscopically. Certain data have been obtained on ultrastructural peculiarities in organization of various parts of the dendritic branchings and interneuronal synapses. A weak polarization of chemical synapses, wide distribution of dendro dendritic connections and increase in number and variability of contacts running from the proximal to distal areas of the neuronal branchings have been noted. PMID- 7283766 TI - [Functional significance and modeling of spiral-shaped blood vessels]. AB - Models to demonstrate and study changes in the blood vessels forms under contractile effect of the smooth muscle fibres and mechanisms performing fluid transport in the model vessels when their form and changes are demonstrated. As the smooth muscle fibres can twist in opposite directions, the blood vessels can also spiral in opposite directions and spasm at various places along their length, thus performing blood transport. How the changes in the form affect the blood transport is demonstrated. Owing to the modelling the phenomenon of a directed fluid movement in closed spiral-shaped channels has been stated and it has been proved that the directed fluid movement depends on a disturbed equilibrium state of the fluid when it is subjected to a combined effect of the Earth gravitation and thermal irradiation. It has been stated that the directed fluid movement in the spiral shaped channels depends on their orientation towards the gravitational vector and absorbtion of the energy by the fluid in some coils of these channels. It is possible to conclude that the spiral-shaped form of the blood vessels and its enantiomorphism are morphological properties of tissues and they play an important role in hemodynamics, thermoregulation and interconnection with certain external effective factors. PMID- 7283767 TI - [Anatomic and morphometric characteristics of the paravascular bed of human coronary vessels]. AB - Anatomical, histological, histochemical methods have been used to investigate the cardiac paravasal bed. The morphometrical data have been mathematically analyzed and the figures have been treated by the computer. The arterial paravasal bed is represented by the arterial tracts, their branches-- the feeding vessels and the intramural network system. The venous paravasal bed includes deferent vessels, collecting veins and paravasal tracts. The paravasal bed is the main source of blood supply and venous outflow from the walls of the cardiac magistral vessels. The arterial paravasal bed of the heart undergoes certain changes already at the first stages of atherosclerosis, the changes increasing simultaneously with aggravation of the pathological processes. At the second stage of atherosclerosis structural reconstruction of the arterial bed tasks place; the paraarterial and intervascular arterial tracts, the transverse anastomoses between them, the intramural vascular networks and the feeding vessels proper (aa. arteriarum) are the first to undergo changes. The changes in the venous paravasal bed are less pronounced. The morphometrical data reliably confirm the changes occurring in the components of the paravasal bed. PMID- 7283768 TI - [Histometric data concerning the structure of the human aorta during the early stages of ontogeny]. PMID- 7283769 TI - [Veno-arterial index of the liver]. AB - Calculating according to the formulas (Formula: see text), where D is the vascular diameter and H--the blood pressure in it, the venoarterial index in the fetus liver is obtained. The difficulty for the determination of the index is connected with the fact that there are several afferent and efferent vessels in which blood is flowing under various pressure. The venoarterial index characterizes the hemodynamic conditions in the organs. Studies on the venoarterial index in most organs of fetuses, children, mature persons and old people, in particular, to define more accurately the dynamics of certain pathological disorders should be performed comparing it with blood pressure, resistance and blood flow volume results. PMID- 7283770 TI - [Thalamic and cortical connections of the globus pallidus in the cat]. AB - Two series of experiments have been performed on cats: the first -- with destruction of various parts in the globus pallidus, the second -- with destruction of the telencephalic cortex. The experimental material has been treated by Nauta -- Gygax's, Fink -- Heimer's, Kawamura -- Niimi's methods. Localization of the destructed focus has been proved in the preparations stained after Nissl. As demonstrated the results of the investigation, together with the medial, the lateral segment of the globus pallidus has some pallido-thalamic fibres. Both segments of the globus pallidus have direct connections with the telencephalic cortex. According to the degree of how these connections are expressed, the motor cortex occupies the first place, the sensory cortex -- the second and the temporal area cortex -- the third place. There is a definite distribution (topics) of the globus pallidus connections with the thalamus, the subthalamic nucleus and the telencephalic cortex. There is a definite correspondence of the cortico-pallidal and pallido-cortical pathways consisting in the fact that the senso-motor cortical area has the greatest number of direct connections with the globus pallidus. That the globus pallidus possesses complex connections with the thalamic structures and with the telencephalic cortex speaks in favour of its important role in the cerebral integrative activity. PMID- 7283771 TI - [Electron microscopic study of signs of skeletal muscle fiber hyperplasia in athletes]. AB - Biopsies of skeletal muscles obtained from volunteers, young (19--20 years of age) skilled sportsmen have been studied electron microscopically. Sarcolemmic invaginations, deeply intruding into sarcoplasm of the muscle fibres, have been found; they result in muscle microbud formations. Small, round, spindle-like or having irregular from muscle fibres have been found with longitudinally situated myofibrils in them, as well as narrow long young fibres, their contractile apparatus being incompletely formed, with great number of mitochondria, glycogen granules and polysomes. A suggestion is made that under a systematic physical training the human mature skeletal muscle undergoes hyperplasia of the muscle fibres. New muscle fibres might be formed from myosatellites, from segregating myosatellites and microbuds and also, possibly, by splitting the fibres already existing. PMID- 7283772 TI - [Histo- and biochemical characteristics of rat skeletal muscle after prolonged static loading]. AB - For 100 days the rats were kept in vertical position, and after histo- and biochemical characteristics of the musc. gastrocnemius (fast) and musc. soleus (slow) were studied. A prolonged static loading was stated to produce increasing number of white and intermediate fibres in the m. gastrocnemius and intermediate fibres in the m. soleus. The fast and slow muscles reacted differently to the static loading; this was evident from a decreased content of glycogen in muscle fibers. A statistically important decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in blood serum and the m. gastrocnemius was found, while in the m. soleus its level remained unchanged. It was found for certain that lactic acid content increased in the muscles studied, and its content did not change in blood serum. As to pyruvic acid content, it increased in blood serum, decreased in the m, gastrocnemius and did not differ from the control in the m. soleus. In the m. gastrocnemius an increased activity of slowly migrating LDH isoenzymes was noted, while in the m. soleus--that of fast migrating ones. At a prolonged static loading there was normalization in histo- and biochemical characteristics as it is at the dynamic loading. PMID- 7283773 TI - [Changes in mackerel (Scomber scombrus, L.) skeletal muscle tissue during prolonged low-temperature preservation]. AB - Freezing slightly changes ultrastructure of myofibrillar proteins, but is accompanied with their decreased solubility. During frozen storage, progressive decrease in solubility of these proteins by the 4th month is probably depended on the fact that in sarcoplasm certain globular particle associates appear; they are products of the most easily hydrolized proteins in filaments, namely, Z-lines, I discs, H-zone. The fact that some protein components of the sarcomere disappear simultaneously with decreasing solubility of the myofibrillar proteins demonstrates that these processes are closely connected with each other. PMID- 7283774 TI - [Evolution of cartilage in the skeletons of ancient anamniotes]. AB - Owing to discoveries of ancient fossils of the Anamnia it was revealed that endo and exoskeletal tissue have an independent history of development. At early evolutional stages, the exoskeletal tissues were connected by various transitions and were at the stage of incomplete differentiation. During evolution variability of these tissues decreased; this resulted in disappearance of aspidin from the tegmentum, and dentin remained only in some primitive groups of fishes (sharks, Latimeria chalumnae, Lepidosteus osseus), while in most vertebrates the exoskeleton was formed exclusively from the osseous tissue. In the endoskeleton the cartilage evolutionally preceded the bone. It is rather difficult to draw any border between the calcified cartilage and the bone in the ancient vertebrates. When an osseous tissue healing occurs at some pathological processes in the vertebrae, a primitive state of the endoskeletal tissue is reproduced. Secondary progressive cartilage development during evolution in the anamnia is considered as a result of negative anabolism and connected with a slowed morphogenesis. Chondrification evidently increases plastic possibilities of the endoskeletal structures. PMID- 7283775 TI - Clinical applications of the intra-aortic balloon pump. PMID- 7283776 TI - Screening people of Jewish origin for Tay-Sachs disease carriers. PMID- 7283777 TI - Management of primary brain tumors in adults. PMID- 7283778 TI - A two-day sexuality workshop for OB-GYN residents. PMID- 7283779 TI - Case of the month #49: is this "ovarian vein syndrome"? PMID- 7283781 TI - [Palatal tonsil changes and interstitial microbial foci in chronic tonsillitis]. AB - Bacteriological, histological, immunomorphological, and bacterioscopic methods were used to study faucial tonsils removed in 85 patients with chronic tonsillitis and 100 cadavers of apparently normal subjects dying of trauma. The main feature of chronic tonsillitis was interstitial streptococcal infection. The size of interstitial microbial foci with broken integrity of the histohematic barrier and typical morphological signs defining the chronic tonsillitis as a whole are important. Three main morphological signs determining the presence of chronic tonsillitis should be distinguished: (1) microbial (large interstitial streptococcal foci and colonies of the microbes), (2) immunomorphological (hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles and plasmatization of the lymphoid tissue, cryptal epithelium and the surrounding tissue with accumulation of the cells containing IgM and IgG, and in adults also increase content of IgA producers); (3) pathological (foci of perivascular sclerosis, granulation tissue, wide cryptae filled with necrotic masses and microbes). These lesions indicate transformation of faucial tonsils into a focus of infection with an appropriate complex of tissue changes in which streptococci frequently break the integrity of barriers and penetrate into the blood and lymph vessels. PMID- 7283780 TI - Regional anatomy regarding the placement of central venous cannulas. PMID- 7283782 TI - [Pulmonary lymphoid follicles and lymph nodes in the dynamics of chronic pulmonary diseases]. AB - Comparative studies of 532 necropsy, operation, and biopsy materials from different chronic pulmonary diseases demonstrated massive new formation of lymphoid follicles with an increase in their total volume 500-fold or more in chronic pneumonia. The newly formed lymphoid follicles comprise a significant but only temporary supplement of the immunocompetent tissue of the affected lungs. As the inflammation wanes, the newly formed intrapulmonary follicles disappear gradually. Immunodeficient diseases are usually not accompanied by formation of new lymphoid follicles. As results of these observations can be applied to chronic organ pathology as a whole, a concept of mobile lymphoid cell reserve of the immune system may be justified. PMID- 7283783 TI - [Candidiasis in newborn infants]. AB - Morphological observations of 11 cases of candidosis in newborn infants are presented. Candidosis runs the course of sepsis either with predominant involvement of the brain or with involvement of the brain and internal organs. The process was well-defined in underdeveloped babies and occurrred in all prematurely born babies. The babies could contract the infection in the three ways; in utero, in the course of passing the genital tract, or immediately after the delivery. The nature of the infection can be determined only on the basis of tissue reactions developing in response to Candida vegetation. PMID- 7283784 TI - [Role of the erythrocytes in transplantation immunity reactions]. AB - Morphological, immunological, and radiometric studies showed antigen adsorption on red blood cells to be a mandatory step in the development of immune response. A certain dynamics of antigen retention on the red blood cell surface was established. It was observed that at 4-7 days after antigen inoculation its fraction adsorbed on erythrocytes was markedly reduced which coincided with the period of clinical manifestation of the immune response. This was coupled with changes in the physico-chemical properties and structure of red blood cell membrane. The amount of the antigenic material transferred on the membranes of all erythrocyte mass exceeds considerably the total antigenic charge on lymphocytes. This phenomenon appears to prevent simultaneous entrance of all the antigenic mass into immunogenesis organs and in this way to regulate the intensity and time of development of immune response. PMID- 7283785 TI - [Morphological study of the effect of cholera toxin on germ-free animals]. AB - The effect of purified cholera toxin and the O-antigen of Vibrio cholerae inoculated separately into the intestines of germ-free suckling rabbits on the structure of the viscera and enzymatic changes in them was studied. The purified cholera toxin exerted mostly a local effect on the intestinal tract but caused lesions in the lymphoid tissue. The O-antigen was toxic causing primarily lesions in the liver and kidneys. Crude cholera toxin exerted a complex effect on gnotobiotic rabbits typical of the cholerogen and O-antigen. PMID- 7283786 TI - [Quantitative electron microscopic and cytological analysis of breast cancer of various degrees of anaplasia]. AB - Electron microscopic and cytological study of mammary carcinoma cells of different degrees of anaplasia was carried out using morphometric methods in 15 patients with infiltrating carcinoma of this localization and correlation of cytological and histological data. The results showed the quantitative ultrastructural characteristics of the infiltrating mammary carcinoma reflecting the level of development of granular reticulum and polyribosomal apparatus to differ significantly depending on the degree of the tumor anaplasia established by cytological and histological studies with a light microscope. The cytological signs showing the maximum correlation with the ultrastructural changes in cells were found to include the numbers of "naked" nuclei, sizes of the cells and nuclei, number of nucleoli in the cell. Combinations of these signs typical for mammary carcinoma of different degrees of anaplasia are described. PMID- 7283787 TI - [Ascitic form the human cancer transplantable to thymus-deprived mice]. AB - An ascitic form of tumor was obtained in thymus-free BALB/c mice from a solid strain of human mammary carcinoma. It passed 32 serial transplantations. The paper describes the kinetics of the tumor growth. Cytological and biochemical examinations of the ascitic form of mammary carcinoma demonstrated its appurtenance to human malignant tumors of the mammary gland. PMID- 7283789 TI - [Case of spirochetosis of the large intestine with intracellular localization of bacteria]. PMID- 7283788 TI - [Healing of metastatic septic lesions]. AB - After recovery from sepsis, scars of cysts with fibrous walls are formed at the site of metastatic abscesses containing sideroblasts, lymphocytes and plasma cells in the scar tissue. Focal lympho-plasmacytic infiltrates persist for over a month in the stroma of the organs which had metastatic lesions. PMID- 7283790 TI - [Ulcerogenic adenomatosis of the islet cell apparatus (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)]. PMID- 7283791 TI - [Aberrant pancreas in the gallbladder]. AB - Two observations of an aberrant pancreatic gland in the gallbladder wall revealed by histological examination of the surgical material are presented. In one case the aberrant pancreatic gland was represented by the exocrine part and ducts in the other by adenomyoma. PMID- 7283792 TI - [Design of the antiroller plate for a Soviet cryostat]. PMID- 7283793 TI - [Rare complication of intrauterine contraception]. PMID- 7283794 TI - [Mitotic regimen in the chorionic elements in pregnancy, hydatidiform mole and chorioepithelioma]. PMID- 7283795 TI - [Experimental model of respiratory mycoplasmosis]. PMID- 7283796 TI - [Primary acute and subacute meningomyeloradiculopathies: study of the cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - Forty four patients with primary acute and subacute meningomyeloradiculopathies were studied in respect to the evolutive aspects of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell-protein dual in several periods of the disease. The tendency of CSF hypercytosis to normal values of cell count occurred in most cases (96%) at the end of the period in which the study was performed (60 days). The CSF protein levels had a similar but slower behavior pattern when compared with hypercytosis. The comparative analysis of clinical improvement of two groups of patients (treated and not treated with ACTH or corticosteroids) showed a statistically significant difference between on the two groups favouring the former. This fact enhances the possibility that an auto-immune process plays an important role in cases of primary meningomyeloradiculopathies. PMID- 7283798 TI - [Post-anoxic myoclonic encephalopathy (Lance-Adams syndrome): report of 6 cases]. AB - Six patients are studied (five females and one male) in which disorders of consciousness varying from stupor to coma have occurred following variable periods of cerebral hypoxia caused either by cardiorespiratory standstill (five cases) or acute pulmonary injury. After a few hours they had generalized convulsive crisis of tonic-clonic type. As consciousness was regained they developed generalized myoclonic trembling of great intensity. Hence post-anoxic myoclonic encephalopathy is characterized. It is also called the Lance-Adams syndrome, in honor of the authors that described it in 1963. Five patients underwent electroencephalographic examination; the tracing showed typical myoclonus potentials in some, and characteristic diffuse brain injury in others. Electromyography was carried out in one patient, and cerebral computerized tomography in two others. The latter revealed an accentuated widening of sylvian cleft at the base in one them, specially on the right side, which explain his dementia-like picture. The biochemical analysis of the spinal fluid was normal in five cases. PMID- 7283797 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid G immunoglobulins in nervous system diseases]. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid IGG and the relations with total protein, and with prealbumin + albumin and the IGG index were studied in 160 patients with various neurological disorders. These patients were distributed in 8 groups according to diagnosis as follows: inflammatory (21 cases); demyelinating (31 cases); degenerative (10 cases); cerebrovascular (19 cases); tumoral (3 cases); convulsive (20 cases); headache (11 cases); other neurological disorders (45 cases). According to the results (table 1) the best applicability of IGG study is the group of chronic inflammatory diseases (neurosyphilis and neurocysticercosis) and the demyelinating disorders (multiple sclerosis). Emphasis is given to the possibility of the occurrence of local synthesis of IGG in the central nervous system in these 2 groups. PMID- 7283799 TI - [Computerized tomography of supratentorial meningiomas: results in 32 cases]. AB - Thirty two cases of supratentorial meningiomas diagnosed by computerized tomography and surgically proved are reported. The authors did not included in this series meningiomas of the orbit. The higher frequency is observed in the convexity area (eleven cases), followed by the sphenoidal ridge area (nine cases). There is a predominance in the females (65.6%) over the males (34.3%). The age varies from fourteen to seventy eight and only three patients are below thirties. Homogeneous contrast enhancement of all tumours was obtained by injecting a bolus of 75ml of Vasconray (30g of total iodine per patient) or 80ml of Hypaque 75 (30.8g of iodine). None of them showed the ring pattern observed in cases of abscess, gliomas or metastatic lesions. The edema seen around the tumours tended to be minimal, unless in those tumours located in the frontal region where the mass effect tended to be more pronounced. Hydrocephaly was observed in three cases. PMID- 7283800 TI - [Spinal epidural abscesses: report of 5 cases]. AB - Five cases of acute spinal epidural abscess, all in male, two of them in children (6 and 7 years old) and the others in patients older than fifty years are reported. In four cases the pathology was related to skin infection and the staphylococcus was the main agent. All the patients had a severe infectious clinical picture, pain on the spine, radicular or spinal cord involvement or both. There was a delay in diagnosis showing that this pathology is still rather unknown. The cases were treated surgically. Two patients died, two had a complete recovery and the last one recovered with neurological deficit. The patients who died had impairment of the cervical cord and were operated on in very bad general and neurological conditions. Revision of literature was performed and the authors discussed the various aspects of this disease. PMID- 7283801 TI - Leopard syndrome, a neural crest disorder: a case report. AB - A case of Leopard syndrome with full clinical expression is reported. In addition to the cardinal signs of the syndrome this patient presented some abnormalities which have not been previously described such as macroglossia, multiple dental anomalies, basilar impression and platybasia, megacolon, hypertrophy of clitoris and anal ectopy. The presence of dental anomalies and megacolon may represent involvement of the dental papillae and myenteric plexus favoring the view that the syndrome results from a derangement of the neural crest elements. PMID- 7283802 TI - [Intracranial tuberculous arachnoiditis: report of a case]. AB - The case of a 28-year-old male affected by intracranial tuberculous arachnoiditis with unusual aspects is reported. The patient presented bilateral amaurosis and complete ophthalmoplegia with intrinsic muscle sparing in both sides. The routine laboratory findings showed only persistent leucocytosis and a Mantoux test of 10 mm. Several radiologic studies of the lungs were always normal. The spinal fluid, tomography of the cranial base and carotid angiography were normal. The diagnosis was made by histologic study after craniotomy. PMID- 7283803 TI - ["Central core" myopathy: report of a case]. AB - A case of a 6-years-old boy with delayed motor milestones, hypotonia since birth (floppy baby), showing a partial improvement in the latter years is reported. On physical examination was found diffuse muscle atrophy, lordosis, generalized hyporeflexia and Gowers maneuver during standing procedure. Serum enzymes were normal and electromyography had potential with increased duration and excess of polyphasic potentials. Fresh-frozen muscle biopsy processed by histochemistry showed type 1 fiber predominance, absence of oxidative enzyme activity in the center of the fibers (central cores) and slight increased of the ATPase reaction in the cores area (structured cores?). Is made a brief discussion about the pathology, pathogenesis, and the good prognosis of the disease. PMID- 7283805 TI - Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Urinary findings. PMID- 7283804 TI - Biomicroscopic evaluation and photography of liquefied vitreous in some vitreoretinal disorders. AB - The vitreous condition in retinitis pigmentosa, high myopia, peripheral uveitis, and Wagner's disease and in normal eyes was evaluated biomicroscopically and documented photographically using a present lens (El Bayadi-Kajiura) in 205 eyes. Compared with the control group, the incidence of partial or complete vitreous detachment was significantly higher in all four clinical entities and partial vitreous detachment was more frequently found in Wagner's disease, high myopia, and peripheral uveitis, but not in retinitis pigmentosa. A higher incidence of cottonball-like opacities and/or spindle-shaped condensations in the posterior vitreous near the retina was found in retinitis pigmentosa and high myopia than in peripheral uveitis or Wagner's disease. This finding suggests that the vitreous changes seen in retinitis pigmentosa and high myopia are secondary to chorioretinal degeneration. PMID- 7283807 TI - Posterior corneal vesicles. AB - Two male and four female patients had posterior corneal vesicles and scalloped lesions. Ages ranged from 7 to 24 years. Uncorrected visual acuities were 6/6 or better OU. All cases were unilateral. There was no other ocular abnormality. The lesions were at the level of Descemet's membrane and endothelium. Results of specular microscopic examination suggested that the scalloped lesions could be the result of coalescence of vesicular defects. Several vesicles were surrounded by grayfish halos. The remainder of the cornea was normal. Thirty family members were found to be unaffected. These lesions must be differentiated from those in posterior polymorphous dystrophy congenital glaucoma, and forceps injury. Previous reports have implied a herpetic origin; although their etiologic character is not known, the present study does not support this conclusion. PMID- 7283806 TI - Digoxin retinal toxicity. Clinical and electrophysiological evaluation of a cone dysfunction syndrome. AB - A 70-year-old man was studied both during and after resolution of clinical digoxin toxicity using color vision tests, ganzfeld electroretinography and electro-oculography. Concomitant administration of quinidine sulfate probably contributed to digoxin toxicity. Abnormalities in color vision and subnormal amplitude and prolonged implicit time for cone-mediated electroretinogram (ERG) responses suggested a cone dysfunction syndrome. The electro-oculographic light to-dark ratio during clinical toxicity was high for our laboratory, but this is probably normal. Notable improvement was seen in color vision and the ERG after cessation of digoxin therapy. Inhibition of sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase by digoxin probably influences normal uptake of extracellular potassium by Muller's cells and other retinal neurons. This mechanism may contribute to subnormal, prolonged cone-mediated ERG responses in retinal toxic reactions from cardiac glycosides. PMID- 7283808 TI - Dipivefrin and echothiophate. Efficacy of combined use in human beings. AB - In a previous study, pretreatment of rabbit eyes with echothiophate iodide prevented the ocular hypotensive effect of dipivefrin. The present masked study, using inpatient volunteers and nurse-administered drops, investigated whether a similar antagonism of action occurred in human beings. Eight volunteers received 0.25% echothiophate iodide twice a day in both eyes for three weeks. During the second week of therapy, one eye also received 0.25% dipivefrin twice a day and the contralateral eye received 2% epinephrine hydrochloride twice a day. During the third week of therapy, the eyes receiving dipivefrin and epinephrine were reversed. In four volunteers, dipivefrin plus echothiophate produced a significantly greater reduction in intraocular pressure than epinephrine plus echothiophate. As a group the eight eyes treated with dipivefrin plus echothiophate had significantly lower IOPs than the eyes treated with epinephrine plus echothiophate during the second week of therapy. Epinephrine plus echothiophate was never superior to dipivefrin plus echothiophate. Dipivefrin seemed to be effective during combination therapy with echothiophate. PMID- 7283809 TI - Azotobacter keratitis. AB - Ten cases of Azotobacter keratitis were identified at the Baylor College of Medicine and Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, from 1972 to 1980. Azotobacter are large, pleomorphic, aerobic, Gram-negative rods of the family Azotobacteraceae. The genus comprises four species (A beijerinckii, A chroococcum, A paspali, and A vinelandii) that are found in soil and water throughout the world. To our knowledge, Azotobactger species have not previously been recognized as causing human, animal, or plant disease. On the basis of the similarity of the organisms, other cases of Azotobacter keratitis may have been identified erroneously as Moraxella species. PMID- 7283811 TI - Visual prognosis in carotid-cavernous fistula. AB - The initial signs and symptoms and subsequent course of 74 patients with carotid cavernous fistula were evaluated in relation to the prognosis for final visual acuity. Two thirds of the patients underwent carotid artery surgery because of the fistula. Of this surgical group, 12 (28%) had further visual loss and 5 (10%) had cerebral ischemia. Elevated intraocular pressure tended to be more frequent in patients with proptosis and conjunctival injection, but elevated pressure did not seems to be a major cause of visual loss. The visual prognosis was more favorable in this series than in previous reports. PMID- 7283812 TI - Transient shallow anterior chamber as initial symptom in Harada's syndrome. PMID- 7283810 TI - Stripe therapy for amblyopia with a modified television game. AB - A variation of "stripe therapy" for amblyopia was evaluated with the use of 50 amblyopic subjects. The stimulus consisted of a television game that had been modified to allow simultaneous display of the game and moving stripe patterns. Subjects used their amblyopic eye to play the game for 20 min/wk. Some of the subjects played the game with the super-imposed stripes, whereas a control group played the game without stripes. The exposure sessions continued for eight to 12 weeks, after which the subjects' visual acuities were measured for follow-up periods lasting up to a year. The visual acuities of many persons improved while they were playing the television game, but with wide variation in performance. During the six- to 12-month follow-up period, the visual acuities of patients decreased from the levels attained during the exposure period. There seemed to be no major difference between the results from persons exposed to stripes and those from the control group, either during the exposure sessions or during the follow up period. PMID- 7283813 TI - Conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7283814 TI - A linear suction control for the vitreous cutter (ocutome). PMID- 7283816 TI - A constant-pressure pneumatic anterior chamber maintaining device. PMID- 7283815 TI - Ac2IDU, BVDU, and thymine arabinoside therapy in experimental herpes keratitis. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of three new antiviral agents-5-iodo-3',5'-diacetyl-2' deoxyuridine (diacetylidoxuridine, 1% Ac2IDU), E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (0.25% BVDU), and 3% thymine arabinoside-is compared with available antivirals in an experimental model of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) keratitis in New Zealand white rabbits. Compared with placebo, Ac2IDU significantly reduced ulcerative keratitis on days 4 through 8 after inoculation with virus and iritis on day 8 after inoculation. Compared with placebo, thymine arabinoside reduced ulcerative keratitis but not significantly. Thymine arabinoside caused significant iritis in all eyes. The epithelial disease in BVDU-treated eyes was significantly less than that in placebo-treated eyes on days 5 through 8 after inoculation. The results indicate that 1% Ac2IDU and 0.25% BVDU were effective in our ocular model of HSV-1 keratitis, whereas thymine arabinoside was not. PMID- 7283817 TI - Weightless Koeppe gonioscopy. PMID- 7283818 TI - Mydriatic solution for direct ophthalmoscopy. PMID- 7283819 TI - Side effects of mydriatic-cycloplegic solutions. PMID- 7283820 TI - Transsynaptic degeneration. PMID- 7283821 TI - Posterior fossa approach for removal of acoustic neurinomas. AB - Herein we review our experience with surgical removal of acoustic neurinomas in 74 patients from January 1978 through December 1980. The surgical approach was through the posterior fossa. Total removal was accomplished in 73 of 74 patients, and there were no surgical or postoperative deaths. The facial nerve was preserved in 54 patients, and hearing was preserved in five (21% of patients with small tumors). We believe that this approach to acoustic neurinomas has the advantages of being universally applicable, having a low complication rate, and possessing the potential of saving both facial and cochlear function. PMID- 7283822 TI - Sudden hearing loss associated with cochlear membrane rupture. Two human temporal bone reports. AB - Cochlear membrane ruptures occurred in the left temporal bones of two patients- one was a result of barotrauma caused by flying and was associated with sudden deafness, tinnitus, and some vertigo and the second occurred in a patient with profound deafness in a previously normal-hearing ear. Both occurred as ruptures of Reissner's membrane at the junction of the ductus reuniens with the cecum vestibulare portion of the cochlear duct. With healing, a balloon-like structure formed from the rupture site into the adjacent vestibule, resulting in a secondarily ruptured saccule duct in one case and in collapse of the saccule in the second case. Left-sided preponderance of such ruptures and the vulnerability of the ductus reuniens junction with the cochlea are described. PMID- 7283823 TI - Acoustic neuromas. Diagnostic efficiency of various test combinations. AB - In the majority of diagnostic tests usually used in the search for acoustic tumors, there is a large difference in the outcome between patients with and without tumors. Because of a possible coherence between the tests applied, a statistical analysis of this connection was performed with the aid of a logistic model. The best single investigation used to differentiate between patients with and without tumors was tomography of the internal acoustic meatus. This examination was used in combination with the differential caloric test and the alternate binaural loudness balance recruitment test to differentiate completely between patients with and without tumors. Results of other examinations did not contribute significantly to the differentiation between patients with and without tumors. This factor did not render the other examinations superfluous because the analysis was valuable only in patients with a hearing level better or equal to 80 dB. By applying the other tests, information was obtained on pressure conditions in the internal acoustic meatus and possible difficulties at surgery, as well as information about the size of the tumor. PMID- 7283824 TI - Tympanoplasty. Nasal cartilage homografts. AB - Permanent restoration of hearing is the goal of functional reconstruction in tympanoplasty. Nonbiologic prostheses have been abandoned for otic grafts. This is a long-term study of a group of 32 patients with type II tympanoplasties in which homografts of septal cartilage are used to reconstruct the sound conduction system. The good audiologic results obtained, with absence of immune reactions, allow recommendation of this technique in middle ear surgery. PMID- 7283825 TI - Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss as a complication of infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7283826 TI - Childhood central auditory processing disorder with brainstem evoked response verification. AB - A case of a central auditory processing disorder was caused by a unilateral low brainstem dysfunction. The diagnostic profile includes normal pure-tone hearing, normal tympanograms, absent stapedial reflexes, poor unilateral speech discrimination, and absent brainstem evoked response recordings on the affected side. History suggests this is a result of an early trauma that resulted in aberrant verbal learning. Specific diagnosis was delayed until a stapedius muscle abnormality suggested central testing. PMID- 7283827 TI - Maxillary meningioma appearing as exophthalmos. PMID- 7283828 TI - Irradiation-induced fibrosis of the neck and sleep apnea. PMID- 7283829 TI - Management of cervical thorium dioxide granulomas. AB - Thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) was used extensively in the United States from the 1930s through the 1950s for contrast radiography, including cerebral angiography. Its use was discontinued after the pathologic consequences of tumor formation and local fibrotic reaction (thorium dioxide granuloma) were recognized. The latency period for the development of these consequences is 20 to 30 years and, thus, has not expired. Radical surgical excision in an attempt to remove cervical thorium dioxide granulomas and their ionizing radiation has been advocated previously. A case prompted reconsideration of this management. Total surgical removal does not seem possible and is extremely hazardous in those cases with a patent carotid artery adjacent to the cervical granuloma. More cases should be expected, and each case should be approached individually as to benefits and risks of attempted surgical removal of the granuloma. Radical surgery is not always the treatment of choice. PMID- 7283833 TI - Pathologic quiz case 1: myospherulosis. PMID- 7283830 TI - Aggressive meningioma with jugular vein extension. Case report with ultrastructural observations. AB - A meningioma that was seen initially as a mass in the upper portion of the neck in a 44-year-old woman was studied by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy demonstrated that the tumor was within the lumen of the internal jugular vein. Ultrastructural features led to the diagnosis of meningioma. The clinical findings indicate that the tumor arose within the cranial cavity, invaded a venous sinus, and extended down the internal jugular vein into the upper portion of the neck. PMID- 7283831 TI - Glial tissue in the parapharyngeal space. PMID- 7283832 TI - Conservative neck dissection. Radical approach? PMID- 7283834 TI - Pathologic quiz case 2: Undifferentiated carcinoma compatible with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 7283836 TI - Friedreich's ataxia. PMID- 7283837 TI - Peritonsillitis. PMID- 7283835 TI - Dental considerations in median labiomandibular glossotomy. PMID- 7283839 TI - Industrial respiratory diseases as presenting to the general practitioner. PMID- 7283838 TI - Respiratory function testing today. PMID- 7283840 TI - Malignant neoplasms of the lung. PMID- 7283841 TI - Managing respiratory disease in general practice: common problems and guidelines. PMID- 7283842 TI - Viral diseases - respiratory: a general practice viewpoint. PMID- 7283843 TI - Interesting uses of beta blockers (2): propranolol in schizophrenia. PMID- 7283846 TI - Is the university GP dead? PMID- 7283845 TI - Perianal haematomas. PMID- 7283844 TI - Doctor hopping in general practice: a Malaysian survey. PMID- 7283848 TI - Registration of general practitioners. PMID- 7283847 TI - Medicine at the crossroads. PMID- 7283849 TI - Diarrhoea in children. PMID- 7283850 TI - Indigestion and flatulence. PMID- 7283851 TI - To whom do we refer? Case histories of gastrointestinal problems. PMID- 7283854 TI - Insertion of oesophageal prostheses. PMID- 7283853 TI - Non-operative management of oesophageal strictures: dilatation with bougies. PMID- 7283855 TI - Endoscopic sphincterotomy. PMID- 7283852 TI - Tuning fork assessment of deafness. PMID- 7283856 TI - Medical treatment of gallstones. PMID- 7283857 TI - Diagnostic ultrasound in diseases of the biliary tree, liver and pancreas. PMID- 7283858 TI - To notify or not to notify. PMID- 7283859 TI - More education on occupational health... PMID- 7283860 TI - Sore throat. PMID- 7283861 TI - "I've got the flu.'. PMID- 7283862 TI - Talking with the terminally ill: grief and care of a particular kind. PMID- 7283863 TI - The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic gout. PMID- 7283864 TI - The GP and the hospital in the 80s: a personal view. PMID- 7283865 TI - Personal care and public good: staffing the integrated health teams of the future. PMID- 7283866 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome in general practice. PMID- 7283867 TI - Immunization. PMID- 7283868 TI - Splinters under nails. PMID- 7283869 TI - F.H. Faulding Research Fellowship award 1980: the anatomy of a rural practice. PMID- 7283870 TI - The impact of computerized tomography of the brain. PMID- 7283871 TI - Head injury in the adult. PMID- 7283872 TI - Hypertension in general practice: a comparative study of labetalol and metoprolol (+/- prazosin) in general practice. PMID- 7283873 TI - Soft tissue injury rehabilitation: isokinetics, a new concept. PMID- 7283874 TI - Acute soft tissue injuries: nature and management. PMID- 7283875 TI - Bovine alpha-lactalbumin C and alpha S1-, beta- and kappa-caseins of Bali (Banteng) cattle, bos (Bibos) javanicus. AB - An electrophoretic examination is made of mild samples taken from eight Bali (banteng) cattle, Bos (bibos) javanicus, at Beatrice Hills, Northern territory, Australia. Starch-gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5 (NaOH-H3BO3 buffer) and filter paper electrophoresis at pH 8.6 (diethylbarbiturate buffer) indicate that all samples contain a new alpha-lactalbumin variant, designated alpha-lactalbumin C. The order of mobility for bovine variants is / greater than B greater than C. The C variant differs from the common B variant in having one more amide residue (substitution or Gln for Glu). Examination of milk samples by urea-starch-gel electrophoresis at alkaline pH indicates that there is a new alpha S1-casein variant, designated alpha S1-casein EBali, present in some samples. No new kappa casein variant is detected by this method (all samples typing as kappa-casein B). A new variant of beta-casein, designated A4, is detected by urea-starch-gel electrophoresis at low pH. The variants of milk proteins observed in this paper and in Bell et al. (1981) are discussed in relation to those of other members of the Bovinae, especially the yak, bos (Poephagus) grunniens. PMID- 7283877 TI - Production of glycosaminoglycans by rat hair follicle cells in vitro. AB - Cultures of cells from rat dermal tissue, containing a large proportion of cells from the hair follicles, were found to produce glycosaminoglycans. The glycans were associated with the cell aggregates which typically form the such cultures, and also appeared to be present in material which was released from the cells. Examination of the glycosaminoglycan species present in the cultures showed the presence of hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate, heparin and heparan sulfate-C, the first two compounds being secreted into the culture medium. The patterns of synthesis and sulfation of glycosaminoglycans were found to change with continued time in culture. PMID- 7283876 TI - Preparation of monospecific antiserum to lupin nodule glutamate dehydrogenase. AB - Immunization of rabbit, using biochemically homogeneous glutamate dehydrogenase, proved to be unsuitable to produce monospecific antiserum. The presence of traces of contaminating immunogen (undetected by physiochemical methods) induced the production of other antibodies. Procedures for rigorously establishing monospecificity of antisera and a technique for preparation of monospecific antiserum, using immunologically impure antigens, are described. PMID- 7283880 TI - Clinical application of non-invasive electrocochleography. AB - Non-invasive extratympanic electrocochleography (ECochG) was performed in normal hearing subjects and patients with sensorineural deafness. Action potential (AP) threshold, N1 input-output function, waveform, summating potential (SP) are presented. AP thresholds were within 15 dB in normal-hearing ears and within 30 dB in hearing-impaired ears above subjective thresholds for the click. Correlational analysis showed that click-evoked AP thresholds are best correlated to pure tone thresholds at 2 to 4 kHz. Four types of N1 input-output functions were classified. Normal functions appeared in moderate high tone loss only at 8 kHz and low tone loss with almost normal threshold above at 4 kHz. Many ears with a flat loss had recruiting responses, while many ears with a high tone loss had either dissociated responses or responses with prolonged latency. Several types of waveforms were distinguished. Enhanced--SP was observed in Meniere's disease and late congenital syphilis to which endolymphatic hydrops is common. The clinical value of the non-invasive ECochG is discussed. PMID- 7283879 TI - Sulfate uptake and somatomedin levels in the "little' (lit/lit) mouse. AB - The mutant "little' (lit/lit) mouse is deficient in growth hormone and has correspondingly low levels of serum somatomedin. Injection of these mice with human or bovine growth hormone significantly raises serum somatomedin levels within 6 h. In vivo uptake of radioactive sulfate by costal cartilage in lit/lit mice is similar to that of normal mice, which is unexpected in view of the low levels of circulating somatomedin. If costal cartilage from normal and lit/lit mice are preincubated in medium 199 in vitro before transfer to fresh medium containing radioactive sulfate and serum, there is not consistent difference in uptake of sulfate, demonstrating similar endogenous cartilage activity. In contrast, omission of the preincubation step reveals a lower uptake of sulfate in vitro by cartilage from lit/lit mice as compared with normal mice. Cartilage removed from lit/lit mice 24 h after injection with growth hormone, however, takes up greater amounts of sulfate than cartilage from untreated normal mice. Taken together, these data suggest that the level of circulating somatomedin is not a dominant factor in controlling the uptake of radioactive sulfate into costal cartilage of mice in vivo. This cells into question the relationship between somatomedin levels, in vivo rates of sulfate incorporation and rates of growth. PMID- 7283878 TI - Zinc and magnesium in the uterus of the pregnant and pseudopregnant mouse and the effects of Mg2+ ions on uterine alkaline phosphatase. AB - The levels of zinc and magnesium in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy and pseudopregnancy were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. The total zinc and magnesium content of the uterus increased between days 5 and 12 of pregnancy and between days 5 and 9 of content of the pseudopregnancy when decidual cells were present. However, the metals were not accumulated at a rate sufficient to match increases in uterine weight and constant concentrations (micrograms of metals per gram wet weight ot tissue) were not maintained over the various reproductive stages studied. The accumulation of the metals was associated with the presence of decidual cells, and non-decidualized horns of pseudopregnant mice failed to increase their total content of zinc and magnesium between days 5 and 9. The magnesium content of each uterus was usually between 5- and 13-fold greater than the total zinc content. mg2+ in low concentration (0 2mM) stimulated both the pyrophosphatase and orthophosphatase activities of purified preparations of the mouse uterine metalloenzyme, alkaline phosphatase. Higher concentrations (up to 8 mM) of the cation decreased pyrophosphatase activity but did not alter orthophosphatase activity. Mg/+ was more effective, however, in increasing the orthophosphatase activity of the enzyme and its stimulating effects in this case were greater in carbonate-bicarbonate buffer than in glycine-NaOH buffer. Mg2+ did not significantly influence apparent Km values or the response of the enzyme to changes in temperature. Zn2+, however, was required to maintain the stability of alkaline phosphatase apoenzyme preparations. It was concluded that during normal pregnancy and pseudopregnancy zinc and magnesium would always be present in amounts considerably greater than those required to saturate alkaline phosphatase for full catalytic activity. Thus, while the metals exert major effects on the activity and stability of the enzyme in vitro, they may not be major factors involved in the in utero regulation of the enzyme during early pregnancy. PMID- 7283881 TI - Clinical application of evoked electro-myography (frequency depression curve) in the diagnosis and treatment of vertigo. PMID- 7283882 TI - Temporal change in the airway resistance following stimulation of the nasal mucosa. AB - In the present study, the effect of stimulation of the nasal mucosa produced by gauze packing on the lower airway was evaluated in normal subjects by measuring the airway resistance with a body plethysmograph at scheduled intervals for 60 min after packing and 60 min after its removal. In subjects exhibiting rising of the airway resistance after stimulation, the value rose immediately or in 5 min after stimulation, then reverted to the pre-packing level and remained constant thereafter. In those exhibiting lowering of the airway resistance, the value fell immediately or in approximately 20 min after stimulation, rose thereafter but remained constant at a lower level than the pre-packing. The response of the lower airway due to the stimulation of the nasal mucosa has individual differences and shows a variety of patterns. PMID- 7283883 TI - [A case of laryngocele in a newborn infant]. AB - A case of a new-born infant, aged 35 days old, with laryngocele was successfully treated by laryngomicroscopic operation under general anaesthesia. He suffered from congenital inspiratory dyspnea due to cystic swelling of the left arytenoid region. Although therapeutic efforts had been made by repeated punctions for the laryngeal cystic swelling, inspiratory dyspnea did not improve. Total removal of laryngocele by laryngomicro-surgery seems to be appropriate for this lesions. PMID- 7283884 TI - Prognosis of vertigo following cranio-cervical injury. AB - The prognosis of vertigo associated with post-traumatic disorder of the head and neck was assessed during long-term observations of 75 patients, Subjective symptoms of vertigos improved 4 years after the first examination in almost all cases. The results of vestibular examination regarding objective symptoms of vertigo were usually fixed at about 2 years after the first examination. Changes in the subjective symptoms and the results of vestibular examinations provided pertinent information for clinical assessments. The EEG findings in these patients showed a close correlation to the improvement of subjective symptoms of vertigo and to alternation in the results of vestibular examination. Post traumatic neurosis was almost always related to both the subjective symptoms which persisted. PMID- 7283885 TI - Averaged blink reflex test. AB - Averaging of blink reflex responses was of particular value in detecting a very small potential of R1 in patients with severe facial nerve palsy where the conventional single stimulation method proved inefficient. To find the most suitable interval of stimulation for averaging, the recovery cycle of R1 was studied. The result showed that the R1 recovery curve could be divided into four phases. The initial facilitation phase at the interval of 5 msec was followed by a brief phase of depression. It was further followed by a second facilitation phase with a maximum of about 60 msec. Lastly the recovery curve returned to almost the 100% level after 100 msec. Due to the second facilitation phase, stimuli given at the interval of 60 msec were efficient for averaging of blink reflex responses. Though R1 to the second stimulus at this interval might have overlapped with R2 to the first stimulus, averaging of responses made R1 more prominent and R2 more inconspicuous, because R1 had a constant latency and R2 a variable one to each stimulus. PMID- 7283886 TI - Pharyngeal wall movement during speech. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional differences between the lateral walls of the mesopharynx and the epipharynx during speech. Endoscopic and electromyographic techniques were used to demonstrate the movement patterns of these two different levels of the pharyngeal wall and activities of the muscles which were supposed to induce these movements. From the movement date, it was concluded that the epipharyngeal wall contributed to the velopharyngeal closure and the mesopharyngeal wall to the vowl articulation. Electromyographic data clearly showed that the levator veli palatini muscle induced the horizontal movement of the epipharyngeal wall as well as the vertical movement of the velum. On the other hand, the superior constrictor muscle appeared to behave as one of the responsible muscles for the medial displacement of the mesopharyngeal wall. PMID- 7283887 TI - The place for vitrectomy in posterior segment infection. AB - The paper reviews experience with vitrectomy in five cases of endophthalmitis in which vision was severely reduced because of vitreous opacification. In two of the cases vitrectomy was performed after the infection had been aborted, and in three of the cases vitrectomy was performed during the stage of acute endophthalmitis when there was evidence that the condition was not responding to conservative medical treatment. In all cases, vitrectomy resulted in a dramatic improvement in vision. It is suggested that vitrectomy represents a major advance in the management of bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis. PMID- 7283888 TI - Vitrectomy in the management of endophthalmitis. AB - Four cases of endophthalmitis were managed with pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotics. All four cases made a good structural recovery, but the only cases which regained good vision were the two which had vitrectomy within three days of the first signs of endophthalmitis. The vitreous aspirate in all four cases showed polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but in only one case were organisms cultured. Vitrectomy is a means of removing the bulk of the infected material, of allowing dispersion of intra-ocular antibiotic, of removing membranes which may lead to later traction detachment of the ciliary body or retina, and of clearing the visual pathway. Microbiological diagnosis is best made by culture of vitreous aspirate. Retinal function is affected early in the course of the inflammatory process. Vitrectomy is recommended as the emergency primary treatment of acute endophthalmitis. PMID- 7283889 TI - Vitrectomy in complicated retinal detachments. AB - In this paper complicated traction retinal detachments are discussed in relation to aetiology, techniques of treatment and results of treatment. Complicated traction detachments are caused by pathological vitreous membranes or bands and epiretinal membranes. These membranes are found in the following groups of eyes: aphakia were vitreous loss, penetrating trauma, chronic vitreous inflammation and failed retinal detachments. Patients with extramacular traction detachments are not necessarily treated. Patients with diabetic traction retinal detachment are not included in this series. Of 150 consecutive pars plana vitrectomy operations- 34 operations were for complicated traction retinal detachments. PMID- 7283890 TI - Indirect ophthalmoscopic control for vitrectomy. PMID- 7283891 TI - Clinical specular microscopy: an overview. PMID- 7283893 TI - Problems with chorioretinal biopsy. PMID- 7283894 TI - Plateau iris. PMID- 7283895 TI - Human error in the seventies--reviewed and projected through the eighties. AB - The USAF has had an impressive record of improvement in its accident experience during the past three decades. This has been reflected in markedly lower rates in accident experience, aircraft destroyed, and fatal accidents. As the historic experience line comes closer to the ultimate zero goal, improvement becomes more difficult. The trends during the 1970s suggest that a bottom, at least temporarily, was reached so that, unless additional effort is exerted, an actual increase rather than a continuing decline will occur. Experience does show that, regardless of future overall accident trends, the proportion of the accidents which result in fatalities will almost certainly increase. There is also a clear indication that, unless crewmen in ejection-seat-equipped aircraft improve their emergency perception and decision-making abilities, the proportion of successes in airborne escape may not increase but could well decline still further. Accidents will almost certainly maintain the trend of being associated with in flight rather than takeoff or landing activities. One kind of flight mishap of particular concern remains that of USAF planes with civilian aircraft. On the basis of past experience, these kinds of accidents can continue to be anticipated. Their prevention represents a focal point of real concern. One feature of future mishaps which will become increasingly prominent will be the involvement of women crewmembers. Both a distressing and heartening feature of the review of mishaps is that even a cursory review indicates that most, if not all, are preventable by the use of well-known and well-established principles of accident prevention. Improvement in the selection, training, and use of people, and improvements in hardware, both in terms of reliability and man/machine compatibility, can all lead to increased efficiency and a continuation of the historic down trend in accident losses. This defines the direction for the eighties. PMID- 7283892 TI - Corneal damage after intraocular surgery. PMID- 7283896 TI - Antihistamine provides sex-specific radiation protection. AB - Rats suffer an early transient performance decrement immediately after a sufficiently large dose of ionizing radiation. However, it has been shown that males experience a more severe incapacitation than females. This sex difference has been attributed to the low estrogen levels in the male. In support of this notion, supplemental estrogens in castrated male rats have produced less-severe performance decrements post-irradiation. Antihistamines have also previously been shown to alleviate radiation's effect on behavior. The present study revealed that antihistamines are only effective in altering the behavioral incapacitation of sexually intact male subjects. This contrasts with previous work which indicates that estrogens can only benefit gonadectomized rats. These findings suggest that different mechanisms may underly antihistamine and estrogen radiation protection. PMID- 7283899 TI - Psychiatric disability of Air Force fliers. AB - Case reports of psychiatric disorders in flying personnel tend to be reported in diagnostic clusters. When viewed separately, these reports suggest specific patterns. When looked at collectively, psychiatric disorders in military aviators follow no specific pattern. A 5-year review of psychiatric evaluations done at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine reveals a wide range of psychiatric diagnoses. Although aviators with psychiatric disabilities are seldom seen, a greater proportion of this group will be grounded compared to other medical referrals. In selected cases, psychiatric treatment is highly successful. In future work, greater emphasis should be given to the identification of life stress events for the purpose of deterrence, in addition to rehabilitation through treatment. PMID- 7283898 TI - Eight-year follow-up of exercise electrocardiograms in healthy, middle-aged aviators. AB - To study to prognostic capabilities of the exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) in a fit, healthy, middle-aged population, 548 members of the U.S. Navy's "1000 Aviator" cohort were exercised to 85% predicted maximum heart rate in 1969 and then followed-up in 1977 for the development of clinically evident coronary artery disease (CAD). Of these subjects, 23 (4.2%) had significant ST depression during their exercise test in 1969. At the end of the 8-year follow-up period, 38 of the 548 subjects (6.9%) had developed clinically evident CAD. The sensitivity (percent of disease predicted by an abnormal test) and predictive value (percent of abnormal tests predictive of disease) of an abnormal exercise test were 15.7% and 26%, respectively. We conclude that even in a carefully screened aviator population with a low risk for CAD, a single normal exercise ECG does not exclude the presence of latent CAD. Furthermore, in this population, a single abnormal exercise ECG should not be a disqualifying defect without further work-up. PMID- 7283897 TI - Effects of antiorthostatic bedrest on the cardiorespiratory responses to exercise. PMID- 7283900 TI - Heat stress in the A-10 cockpit: flights over desert. AB - Heat stress is a significant problem during low-level flight in hot climates, especially in aircraft that impose high task loads and repetitive maneuvering forces. The A-10 close-support aircraft presents such a combined-stress environment. This report summarizes data from 15 low-level flights over desert. Ground dry-bulb temperature (Tdb,g) was 26-42 degrees C. Cockpit temperature (Tdb,c) was commonly over 40 degrees C on the ground and tended to drop progressively from taxi-out through flight to the range and return; for any given phase it was a linear function of Tdb,g. Small (50-mm) black globe temperature (Tbg,s) exceeded Tdb,c by 2-5 degrees C on the ground and by 4-8 degrees C in flight. The pilot's mean skin temperature was a linear function of Tdb,c in each phase. Auditory canal temperature (Tac) rose from a control value of 37.0 to a mean of 37.4 degrees C in flight, with one pilot reaching 37.8 degrees C. Sweat rate was a linear function of Tdb,g, with weight loss up to 2.3%. These data are compared to earlier studies of the F-4 and F-111 aircraft. Although the performance of the A-10's cooling system resembles that in other aircraft and is somewhat better than the F-4 on the ground, the effects of cockpit heat are exacerbated by its close-support role. Pilots noted lowered G-tolerance and increased general fatigue on the hotter flights. The foot- and leg-area temperatures exceeded those at the head; planned changes in air distribution should partly alleviate that situation. PMID- 7283901 TI - Active muscle force and moment response of the human arm and shoulder. AB - This paper is concerned with collection of active muscle force and moment response data of the human arm and the shoulder complex when the arm is subjected to various external forces. The major components of the specially designed and built experimental apparatus for this research are a subject restraint system, a force application device which employs three sonic emitters, and an upper arm cuff with four sonic emitters. The sonic emitters are utilized to determine the direction and the location of the force application on the arm and the orientation of the upper arm with respect to the torso. The numerical results are presented from experiments conducted on three male and three female subjects to determine their active muscle resistance against the external forces to dislodge their arms from several initial configurations. Some representative results determining the active muscle force capability of the subjects when their arms are dislodged from the initial configuration are also presented. Incorporation of the results of the present research into the multi-segmented models of the human body should improve the long-time response of capabilities of these models. This type of response capability of the mathematical models is essential for the proper stimulation of the biodynamic events which take place prior to flail injuries. PMID- 7283902 TI - Some non-auditory correlates of the hearing threshold levels of an aviation noise exposed population. AB - In a retrospective analysis of data collected during the 1963 followup of the NAMRL Thousand Aviator Study, two hearing level groups were identified, normal and impaired, and compared along 33 non-auditory dimensions. It was discovered that these two equally noise-exposed groups could be differentiated according to their smoking history and eye color. That is, the impaired hearing group reported smoking more cigarettes for a greater period of time than did the members of the normal hearing group. Furthermore, blue-eye individuals were over-represented in the impaired hearing group and under-represented in the normal hearing group, whereas the reverse was true for brown-eyed aviators. This latter finding is consistent with reports linking temporary hearing loss and eye color. There was 31 other physical, psychological, and sociological measures which failed to appear differentially in the two groups. PMID- 7283903 TI - The effect of a constant and uniform magnetic field on mouse brain: a study by magnetic nuclear resonance. AB - Modifications in brain functions after exposure to a constant magnetic field have been noted in animals. For some authors, the main factor is the action of magnetic fields on tissular water. The relaxation times obtained by proton nuclear magnetic resonance should therefore be modified. Mice were placed in a 0.6 T constant magnetic field for 2 h. Their brain relaxation times (spin-lattice T1 and spin-spin T2), were measured 1-5 d after exposure and do not seem compatible with an initial and important modification of the water structure. PMID- 7283904 TI - Quantification through the surface EMG of muscle fatigue and recovery during successive isometric contractions. AB - The surface electromyogram (EMG) was analyzed from above the handgrip muscles of the forearm in six male volunteer graduate and medical students during brief and fatiguing isometric contractions in order to assess the influence of successive isometric contractions on the amplitude and frequency components of the surface EMG. Isometric contractions were sustained at three tensions; 25, 40 and 70% of each individual's maximum voluntary strength (MVC). Two successive isometric contractions were conducted in each series of experiments. The interval between these contractions was set at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 min. In the first series of experiments, the second contraction in the series consisted of a fatiguing isometric contraction conducted at the same tension as the first contraction. In the second series of experiments, the second contraction was an MVC. From the data, a computer program was written to predict the degree of fatigue and recovery following fatiguing isometric contractions. The program was based on an analysis of the frequency components of the EMG and proved to be quite useful for showing fatigue and recovery in this muscle group. PMID- 7283906 TI - The Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern in health aircrew. AB - The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome has been studied in a group of healthy aviation personnel over the past 15 years. The incidence of this electrocardiographic pattern has been determined in 22,500 healthy individuals and found to be 0.25%. The prevalence of documented tachyarrhythmias in this group of individuals was found to be only 1.8% while in a group of referred patients the prevalence was 20%. The limitations of the widely accepted classification into Type A and Type B patterns was borne out by our inability to categorize 45% of subjects with the WPW pattern. Q waves as QS or QR complexes in the inferior limb leads were found in 16.7% of subjects, but in all there was Q wave-T wave vector discordance. The limited value of stress testing in these individuals was reflected by 30% of our patients who demonstrated false positive signs of ischaemic heart disease. A discussion of the incidence, classification, differential diagnosis, mechanism of tachyarrhythmias, associated cardiovascular anomalies, and treatment follows. PMID- 7283905 TI - Age-related reactions of rat bones to their unloading. AB - The effect was investigated of continued growth of animals on bone formation and resorption under conditions when their musculoskeletal systems were unloaded. Studied were rats aged 1, 2.5, and 6 months. To provide the unloading, the rats were suspended at an angle so that their hindlimbs did not touch the floor. After 22 days, the animals were sacrificed, and the length and width of the diaphysis of the femoral bone and its calcium content were measured. Bone reactions to the suspension were found to be age-dependent. The rats of 2.5 months showed the highest and the rats of 6 months the lowest increase in bone reabsorption at the side of the bone-marrow canal and in reduction of the cortical layer. With age, calcium decrease in the femur of suspended rats became less pronounced compared to controls. The age-related bone reactions to the musculoskeletal unloading must be taken into consideration when planning and conducting rat studies. PMID- 7283907 TI - Chokes--favorable response to delayed recompression therapy: a case report. AB - The pulmonary manifestations of decompression sickness have been attributed to various mechanisms, all of which invoke bubble formation and presence in the lung as the cause of symptoms. A case of persistent "chokes" syndrome, which responded to recompression of 72 h after presentation, is described. The possible physiological mechanisms and the late response to therapy is discussed. PMID- 7283908 TI - Risk of coronary heart disease--risk analysis in the clinical practice of aerospace medicine using a programmable calculator. AB - A simple program for the Hewlett-Packard HP-41C calculator is presented which allows the practicing flight surgeon to screen asymptomatic aviators for risk of aeromedically significant coronary artery disease. The risk equation used in the program is under ongoing investigation at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine and will be refined. The program allows the flight surgeon to use risk analysis to select candidates for exercise stress testing and educate aviators on possible benefits to be derived from changes in lifestyle. PMID- 7283909 TI - Conditional hyperalgesia is elicited by environmental signals of morphine. PMID- 7283911 TI - Corticosterone levels in mice exposed to high-intensity electric fields. PMID- 7283910 TI - Spatial deficits on radial maze after large tectal lesions in rats: possible role of impaired scanning. PMID- 7283912 TI - Behavioral responses of pigeons to high-intensity 60-Hz electric fields. PMID- 7283913 TI - Detection of a 60-Hz electric field by pigeons. PMID- 7283914 TI - Age-related memory deficits in Swiss mice. PMID- 7283916 TI - Effects of lidocaine on nipple attachment and home orientation by rat pups. PMID- 7283917 TI - Estradiol maintains castrated male rats' sexual reflexes in copula, but not ex copula. PMID- 7283915 TI - Avoidance behavior and genetic predisposition to hypertension. PMID- 7283918 TI - Regarding hyperactivity of the SHR in the open-field test. PMID- 7283919 TI - Shock facilitation of taste aversion learning. PMID- 7283920 TI - Veratridine as an amnestic agent in the domestic chick. PMID- 7283922 TI - Behavioral effects of postnatal lead exposure: possible relationship to hippocampal dysfunction. PMID- 7283923 TI - Systemic and intraventricular naloxone administration: effects on food and water intake. PMID- 7283921 TI - Either stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation or a flashing light increases latent inhibition to a tone-conditioned stimulus. PMID- 7283924 TI - Effect of poststrike disturbance on strike-induced chemosensory searching in the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus v. viridis). PMID- 7283925 TI - Circadian and ultradian activity rhythms of a freshwater gastropod, Helisoma trivolis: the effects of social factors and eye removal. PMID- 7283926 TI - Stability of chemical communicants of gender in guinea pig urine. PMID- 7283927 TI - Long-term effect of pentobarbital anesthesia on neophobia in the rat. PMID- 7283928 TI - Effects of pentobarbital on delayed alternation performance. PMID- 7283929 TI - Seasonal differences in brain activity and responsiveness shown by the goldfish, (Carassius auratus). PMID- 7283930 TI - Social housing conditions influence escape deficits produced by uncontrollable stress: assessment of the contribution of norepinephrine. PMID- 7283931 TI - Water immersion, excessive grooming, and paper shredding in the rat. PMID- 7283932 TI - The effects of brain stimulation when categorizing the behavioral repertoire of squirrel monkeys. PMID- 7283933 TI - Sex differences in lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation. PMID- 7283934 TI - The neophobia-optimality explanation of contrafreeloading rats: a reassessment. PMID- 7283935 TI - Memory deficits in rats with hippocampal or cortical lesions: retrograde effects. PMID- 7283936 TI - Can a single vasodilator be responsible for both coronary autoregulation and metabolic vasodilation? AB - To test the hypothesis that both coronary autoregulation and metabolic vasodilation can be mediated by the same substance, we have analysed measured autoregulation curves with the aid of a simple mass balance model. In an open chest dog preparation, increasing the heart rate by pacing results in a nearly parallel shift of the autoregulation curve to a higher flow (Q) level. We assume a unique relationship between vascular conductance and interstitial concentration of a vasodilating substance [A]. Applying a compartmental mass balance, it is possible to predict with a minimum of assumptions the increase of flow between two points with increased production but having the same vasodilator concentration. The simple result of this analysis is: delta Q = delta production/[A]. If the vasodilator concentration varies by more than a factor 2 between low and high conductance points, the autoregulation curve cannot shift in a parallel fashion as a result of an increased production rate, but rather will become less and less steep. We conclude that a single vasodilator cannot be responsible for both autoregulation and metabolic vasodilation unless complex assumptions are made, for which there is as yet no experimental support. PMID- 7283937 TI - Heart bioassay of effluent of isolated, perfused guinea pig hearts to examine the role of metabolites regulating coronary flow during hypoxia. AB - The concentrations of adenosine and other metabolic factors are known to be altered in the effluent of hypoxic hearts, but the relative contribution of these factors in elevating coronary flow has not been clarified. Langendorff prepared guinea pig hearts were perfused at constant pressure and were made mildly hypoxic so that flow increased but oxygen consumption remained unchanged. When the effluent of these hearts was reoxygenated and pH corrected and directed to perfuse similarly prepared recipient (bioassay) hearts, flow remained unchanged in recipient hearts. However, when donor hearts were made severely hypoxic so that oxygen consumption decreased, and recipient hearts were perfused at constant flow, the PO2, pH corrected effluent produced a large vasodilation in recipient hearts. This response was greatly attenuated in the presence of excess adenosine deaminase but completely abolished by theophylline. Thus the apparent loss of adenine compounds into the effluent may account for vasodilation during severe hypoxia, but not during mild hypoxia, if effluent levels of these compounds truly reflect perivascular levels. PMID- 7283938 TI - Effect of adenosine deaminase on myocardial reactive hyperemia: preliminary report. PMID- 7283939 TI - Transmural adenosine with increased cardiac work. AB - In hearts with five different levels of myocardial performance there was an inverse correlation between myocardial adenosine content and coronary vascular resistance. Higher levels of oxygen consumption were associated with higher myocardial adenosine content and lower coronary vascular resistance. Adenosine was uniformly distributed across the myocardial wall under all conditions, except those involving increased oxygen consumption with concomitant decreased coronary input pressure, as was observed with isoproterenol infusion. Under these conditions the adenosine content of the inner wall was significantly higher than the outer wall. PMID- 7283940 TI - Adenosine associated with dispersed hepatocytes. PMID- 7283941 TI - Effect of adenosine on the relaxation of coronary arteries at varying pH values. AB - The efficiency of adenosine to relax the bovine coronary arterial strips increased significantly by lowering the bath pH from 7.4 to 6.8 (CO2 or HCO-3). The large vessels (3-4 mm O.D.) relaxed with greater significance at higher concentrations of adenosine, whereas small vessels (0.5-0.7 mm O.D.) relaxed better at low concentrations of adenosine. Theophylline and 8-phenyltheophylline competitively inhibited the effect of adenosine. 8-phenyltheophylline was found to be a better antagonist than theophylline. Furthermore, binding assays with 2 3H adenosine displayed a single species of binding sites. The Kd was 3 X 10(-6) M and 4 X 10(-6) M, while Bmax was 48 and 19 pmoles/mg protein for small and large vessels, respectively. The antagonistic effect of theophylline and 8 phenyltheophylline was not affected by pH variations. It is concluded that relaxation of coronary arteries by adenosine is affected by pH variations. PMID- 7283943 TI - Regional myocardial glucose utilization assessed by (14C) deoxyglucose. PMID- 7283944 TI - Transmural gradients in myocardial metabolic rate. AB - To examine the 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG)-method for myocardial tissue, glucose uptake was measured directly and via the 2-DG-technique in 16 isolated perfused guinea pig hearts. A correlation (r = 0.7; p less than 0.01) between both methods was found. In the in situ working canine heart 2-DG revealed a 20% higher glucose uptake of the subendocardial layers as compared with the subepicardial. Blood flow to these layers, estimated by albumin aggregates, exceeded that to the subepicardial by 82%. Thoracotomy resulted in a homogeneous distribution of blood flow and tissue PO2, comparable to a homogeneous distribution of glucose uptake in isolated perfused hearts. PMID- 7283947 TI - Effect of nifedipine (BAY a 1040) on regional myocardial blood flow in dogs before and during transitory ischemic injury. PMID- 7283946 TI - Segmental metabolic responses of the canine coronary circulation. PMID- 7283945 TI - Application of stereology to coronary microcirculation. PMID- 7283942 TI - The concentration of non-esterified fatty acids in biopsies from normoxic dog myocardium. PMID- 7283948 TI - Blood flow distribution in the left ventricular free wall in open-chest dogs. AB - The distribution of blood flow in various layers of the normally perfused left ventricular free wall was studied in open-chest dogs, using 15-micrometer radioactive microspheres. The most pronounced variations were found in epicardial blood flow, which was higher near the apex than near the base and lower along the marginal branch of the left circumflex coronary artery than along the left interventricular coronary artery. The variations in endocardial blood flow were less pronounced, while blood flow in the middle layers was about equally distributed. Consequently the endo/epicardial blood flow ratios varied over the left ventricular free wall. Possible causes of the inhomogeneities in blood flow distribution are discussed. PMID- 7283949 TI - Linear relationship between perfusion area and infarct size. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a technique measuring the perfusion area of the coronary artery preocclusively and to study the relationship between the perfusion area and infarct size. 125I tracer microspheres were selectively injected into the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) preocclusively, and then the LCX was ligated. 48 hours later the heart was removed, rapidly frozen, and 50 mu transverse sections were obtained from base, middle and apex of the canine left ventricle, and used for autoradiography to measure perfusion area and for tetrazolium staining to measure infarct size. Dogs were divided into 2 groups: group 1 in which the main trunk of the LCX was occluded to produce large infarct (n = 10) and group 2 in which the distal branch of the LCX was occluded to produce small infarct (n = 10). There was a linear correlation between the perfused and infarcted area regardless of a size or location of the perfusion area involved. These results indicate that the extent of infarction is directly proportional to the perfusion area and is not altered by the location in the ventricle. PMID- 7283951 TI - [Supracondylar humerus fractures in children]. AB - Supracondylar fractures of the humerus have to be defined using delimitations. In children they amount to 10-16% of the upper extremity fractures and nearly always occur as extension types. Children between the age of 5 and 10 are involved most frequently. Errors of treatment and unfavourable results of therapy demonstrate the relevant difficulties. Conservative, semi-operative, and surgical forms of therapy do not compete with one another. The frequency of the open reduction is increasing. The results of treatment with various forms of therapy do not exhibit essential differences. PMID- 7283952 TI - [Results of the operative treatment of fractures of the shaft of the femur- collective study contributed by the German Democratic Republic to the International Orthopedic Association]. AB - The permanent increase of fractures of the shaft of the femur are due to the rising traffic density. Problems are especially arising by complicated fractures. The results of the operative treatment of these fractures in 15 clinics of the GDR are analysed. Medullary nailing is used in most cases of simple forms of fractures. Second degree and third degree open fractures should be treated by osteosynthesis or exterior fixation. (It has been proven that the early osteosynthesis performed in these patients immediately after the accident is better than the delayed one. PMID- 7283953 TI - [Transoropharyngeal approach to C 1 and C 2]. AB - In rare cases of diseases or traumatic lesions of C1 and C2 it is possible to prefer the short way with the transoropharyngeal approach. The operative procedure is described. Specialities are explained in three cases. A metallic osteosynthesis in case of odontoid fracture is seldom indicated. PMID- 7283950 TI - Changes of extracellular Na+, K+, Ca2+ and H+ of the ischemic myocardium in pigs. AB - In open-chest pigs during severe myocardial ischemia [K+]e, [Ca2+]e and [H+]e increase, [Na+]e increases transiently reaching control values after 30 min. Extracellular osmolality of the ischemic area increases due to an H2O-shift from the ECS to the ICS. The increase of [Na+]e and [Ca2+]e must b explained by the shrinkage of the ECS due to the H2O-shift. The increase of [Ca2+]e is additionally caused by the decrease of pHe. The increase of [K+]e is mainly caused by the release of K+ from the ICS. The changes of [K+]e and [K+]i cause a decrease of the membrane potential to a range in which slow response potentials and re-entry excitations can occur. The increase of [K+]e therefore seems to be a major factor to cause early post-ischemic arrhythmias. PMID- 7283956 TI - [X-ray diagnostic procedures in cases involving craniocerebral trauma]. AB - A well working team of examinators is one of the main presummations of getting an optimal diagnostic and treatment of head injuries (examinators of different branches of medicine). The first thing to do is exclude an intracranial bleeding (correct interpretation of clinical and roentgenological findings with an application of a suitable method in time). The cerebral angiography is one of the most effective methods of haemotoma diagnostic. The results using computed tomography can be compared with. Both methods complement themselves. The ultra sound-diagnostic is useful to exclude haematomas (80 per cent accuracy of fire). PMID- 7283958 TI - [Morbidity and mortality in paediatric traumatology]. AB - The accident morbidity rate in children is growing permanently. Craniocerebral injuries, polytraumatizations, and accident lesions of the abdominal organs exhibit the highest degree of lethality. The prophylactic possibilities have so far by no means been properly utilized. The systematic application of current knowledge in pathophysiology, traumatology, and children's surgery, nervertheless, leads to a decisive reduction of the mortality rate. This statement can be verified by longitudinal investigations (35 years) in 3 selected paedotraumatologic morbidity groups of the Jena clinic. The increasing numbers of treated cases are accompanied by a continuous decrease in lethality. PMID- 7283954 TI - [Early results of surgically treated proximal femur fractures]. AB - The course of 447 patients with an operated fracture of the femoral neck was followed from the accident until one year after. Methods conventional operating were employed. The mortality in the hospital was 16,5%. 343 out of 447 patients were still living after one year. 319 patients were able to go unreservedly or with an insignificant restriction. The rate of necrosis of the head of the femur amounted to 42% in the medial fractures of the femoral neck. The rate of pseudarthrosis amounted to 21%. The functional results do not correlate with the X-ray findings. PMID- 7283957 TI - [Biomechanical and biochemical aspects of traumatized lower leg]. AB - In the distal lower leg on a minimal sectional area we find a lot of anatomical structures which mainly consist of supporting tissue in a high quantity. Blood vessels are rare in this area. The increase of volume in the compartments following an external influence quickly produces pressures compressing the blood system. The changed biochemical conditions of the tissue are measurable with the help of laboratory-clinical methods. It is necessary that the operative technique considers the biomechanical and biochemical conditions. PMID- 7283955 TI - [Treatment of medial fractures of the femoral neck by prosthetic replacement of the femoral head]. AB - At the Surgical University Clinic in Jena, between 1974 and 1978, an endoprothetic head of the femur was implanted in 92 patients with medial fractures of the femoral neck. 15% of these patients died within the first 3 weeks after the operation, 21% within the first year after the operation. 26 patients could be followed-up. In 21 of these patients the results were considered to be good or satisfactory. These results and the reports of other authors have shown, that under certain conditions discussed in this paper it is a good principle to perform an endoprothetic implantation of the head and of the femur in patients with medial fractures of the femoral neck. PMID- 7283959 TI - [The problem of documentation in traumatology]. AB - An exact documentation is a necessary demand of modern medicine. Different methods of the registration of information, for example the conventional sick paper, the punch card and the electronic data processing documentation are opposed with their pros and cons. The own experiences of the surgical hospital of the Friedrich-Schiller-University with the documentation of injured patients is shown and explained. The text points to the importance of the electronic data processing registration and evaluation of the many facts of the injured patients concerning the therapeutic, epicritical, but also epidemic and legal questions. PMID- 7283960 TI - Major nutritional findings from the First Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States of America, 1971-1974. AB - Some of the major findings from the First Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States were presented related to the Nutritional Status of the American people. These findings cover a range from possible deficiencies to possible escesses. Among the deficiencies, iron is the most frequent, affecting particularly young children and women of childbearing age as reflected by relatively low intakes and relatively high prevalences of low hemoglobin values and percent transferrin saturations. Mean hemoglobin values of blacks were significantly lower than those of whites in spite of higher iron intakes in many black females. Low mean intakes of calcium in black women were found associated with higher prevalences of Chvostek's sign, and low mean vitamin A intakes in younger black men and women of all ages were associated with follicular hyperkeratosis. On the excess side of the range were total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol intakes which are among the highest known. These high intakes are associated with relatively high serum cholesterol levels and a high frequency of obesity. Obesity in white women aged 20-45 years was associated with a lower reported caloric intake and a lower exercise score. PMID- 7283964 TI - Energetic considerations in weight reduction diets. PMID- 7283962 TI - Relation between chronic alcoholism, drug addiction and nutrition with special reference to the thiamine status. PMID- 7283961 TI - Iron nutrition in women in industrialized countries. PMID- 7283963 TI - Influence of ethanol on nutrients utilization. PMID- 7283965 TI - Nutritional deficiencies in pregnancy. AB - In a survey with biochemical supply parameters, approximately 2,000 pregnant women from 11 regions of the FRG in different stages of pregnancy were investigated. The results were compared with the values from 250 to 300 female blood donors and with the values from pregnant women with normally dosed vitamin supplements. Borderline values to 'critical ranges' of supply were established from this material as 2.5 percentiles of corrected distributions. The results show higher concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins-carotenoids, tocopherols, and, in a small proportion (ca 12%), retinal - in the later stages of pregnancy. In the 1st trimester the percentages of values falling into the critical range are significantly increased for thiamine and vitamin B6, but not for vitamin A, riboflavin, and vitamin C. In the 3rd trimester an additionally greater number of women not sufficiently supplied could be found for vitamin A; the percentages of values for thiamine and vitamin B6 in the critical range were found to be significantly higher. For iron and folacin, likewise known to be critical nutrients in pregnancy, no supply parameters can be presented at the present time from our investigations. The correlations of pregnancy courses and birth weights with low supply parameters of the mothers were studied in a preliminary statistical analysis of 800 pregnancies, taking into consideration other influencing factors, such as age, parity, socioeconomic status, and luxury food consumption. There are indications of influences during pregnancy such as low supply of thiamine in the 1st trimester and with vitamin A and vitamin B6 in the last trimester on the birth weights. High correlations were found between elevated plasma retinol levels and low birth weights. PMID- 7283966 TI - Nutritional and growth status in children and adolescents of Galicia: anthropometric and biochemical survey. PMID- 7283967 TI - Nutritional status of the elderly. Anthropometry, diet and clinical data from old pensioners in Perugia, Italy. PMID- 7283968 TI - [Vitamin status of hospitalized patients. Critical study of methods and results]. PMID- 7283969 TI - Food patterns in modern society and their consequences on nutrition. AB - In conclusion we may state that a borderline vitamin deficiency exists in many population groups as well as in single persons even in industrialized countries. The reason for this fact is mainly the low education which is often associated with a low socioeconomic status and certain food patterns which derive from tradition, emotion or from other reasons not yet well understood. We have proved that the avoidance of pork and whole-wheat bread leads to a borderline vitamin B1 deficiency and the avoidance of citrus fruits, fruits, vegetables, viscera and potatoes to a broderline vitamin C deficiency. On the other hand, preference of meat did not show any adverse effect in respect to the vitamin B6 status. We believe that this kind of studies has to be continued, since the aim of nutritional surveys should consist in improving the nutritional status of the general population or of population groups. Therefore, it should be investigated why in certain population groups poor nutrition exists. Only the answer to this question could help us to combat malnutrition in industrialized countries in the best way. PMID- 7283970 TI - Binding of quinoline analogues of echinomycin to deoxyribonucleic acid. Role of the chromophores. AB - Two novel antibiotics were isolated, designated compounds 1QN and 2QN respectively, having quinoline rings in place of one or both of the quinoxaline chromophores of echinomycin. Each removes and reverses the supercoiling of closed circular duplex DNA from bacteriophage PM2 in the fashion characteristic of intercalating drugs. For compound 1QN, the unwinding angle at I0.01 is almost twice that of ethidium, whereas for compound 2QN the value is indistinguishable from that of ethidium. Binding of both analogues produced changes in the viscosity of sonicated rod-like DNA fragments corresponding to double the helix extension found with ethidium, a feature characteristic of bifunctional intercalation by quinoxaline antibiotics. These results suggest that both compounds 1QN and 2QN behave as bifunctional intercalators but that compound 2QN produces only half the helix unwinding seen with compound 1QN and the natural quinoxalines. Binding curves for the interaction of both analogues with a variety of synthetic and naturally occurring nucleic acids were determined by solvent partition analysis. Values for compound 2QN were also obtained by a fluorimetric method and found to agree well with the solvent-partition measurements. Compound 1QN bound most tightly to Micrococcus lysodeikticus DNA and, like echinomycin, exhibited a broad preference for (G + C)-rich DNA species. For compound 2QN no marked (G + C) preference was indicated, and the tightest binding among the natural DNA species studied was found with DNA from Escherichia coli. The two analogues also displayed different patterns of specificity in their interaction with synthetic nucleic acids. Compound 2QN bound to poly(dA-dT) slightly more tightly than to poly-(dG-dC), whereas compound 1QN displayed a large (approx. 11 fold) preference in the opposite sense. There was evidence of co-operativity in the binding to poly(dA-dT). It may be concluded that the chromophore moieties play an active role in determining the capacity of quinomycin antibiotics to recognize and bind selectively to specific sequences in DNA. PMID- 7283972 TI - The multiple complexes formed by the interaction of platelet factor 4 with heparin. AB - The anisotropy of the fluorescence of dansyl (5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1- sulphonyl) groups covalently attached to human platelet factor 4 was used to detect the macromolecular compounds formed when the factor was mixed with heparin. At low heparin/protein ratios a very-high-molecular-weight compound (1) was formed that dissociated to give a smaller compound (2) when excess heparin was added. 2. A large complex was also detected as a precipitate that formed at high protein concentrations in chloride buffer. It contained 15.7% (w/w) polysaccharide, equivalent to four or five heparin tetrasaccharide units per protein tetramer. In this complex, more than one molecule of protein binds to each heparin molecule of molecular weight greater than about 6 X 10(3).3. The stability of these complexes varied with pH, salt concentration and the chain length of the heparin. The limit complexes found in excess of the larger heparins consisted of only one heparin molecule per protein tetramer, and the failure to observe complexes with four heparin molecules/protein tetramer is discussed. PMID- 7283976 TI - Phosphorylase kinase phosphorylation of skeletal-muscle troponin T. AB - Rabbit skeletal-muscle troponin T was phosphorylated by a standard preparation of phosphorylase kinase [Cohen (1973) Eur. J. Biochem. 34, 1--14] and by fractions obtained after chromatography of phosphorylase kinase on phosphocellulose. The original preparation of phosphorylase kinase phosphorylated at least two sites, one of which was serine-1. The second and probably the third sites were presumably located in the peptide flanked by amino-acid residues 147 and 161 of troponin T. Fractions of phosphorylase kinase was adsorbed on phosphocellulose phosphorylated only the second site. Tightly adsorbed fractions possessed high troponin T kinase and phosvitin kinase activities and phosphorylated only serine 1 of troponin T. The results suggest that standard preparations of phosphorylase kinase are contaminated by troponin T kinase, which can phosphorylate serine-1 of troponin T. PMID- 7283973 TI - Use of fluorescent probes in the study of phospholipid--sterol bilayers. AB - 1. The transfer of excitation energy between the fluorescent probes 1,6 diphenylhexa-1,3,5-triene and 12-(9-anthroyl)stearic acid and the cholesterol analogue cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one in phosphatidylcholine liposomes has been investigated. 2. The results indicate that probes and steroid are randomly distributed in the bilayer at steroid concentrations up to 35 mol%. 3. The degree of polarization of diphenylhexatriene fluorescence increases with increasing cholesterol content. Other sterols, differing in structure in the region of the polar group or in the side chain at position-17, produce similar but not identical effects. 4. the results are consistent with the proposal that diphenylhexatriene gives a general picture of the state of the bilayer and that there is no segregation of sterols in liquid-crystalline phosphatidylcholine bilayers. PMID- 7283974 TI - Fatty acid elongation by a particulate fraction from germinating pea. AB - The synthesis of fatty acids from [14C]malonyl-CoA was studied with a high-speed particulate fraction from germinating pea (Pisum sativum). The variety used (Feltham First) produced mainly saturated fatty acids with palmitate (30--40%) and stearate (40--60%) predominating. Several palmitate-containing lipids stimulated overall synthesis and, in addition, increased the percentage of label in stearate. The production of stearate was severely inhibited by preincubation of the microsomal fraction with snake venom phospholipase A2 or by incubation with Rhizopus arrhizus lipase. Addition of a series of di-saturated phosphatidylcholines, with different acyl constituents, resulted in stimulation of overall fatty acid synthesis as well as an increase in the radiolabelling of the fatty acid two carbon atoms longer than the acyl chain added. This chain lengthening of fatty acids donated from phosphatidylcholine was due to the action of both fatty acid synthetase and palmitate elongase. The latter would utilize dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and was sensitive to arsenite whereas fatty acid synthetase would use dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine and was sensitive to cerulenin. The results are discussed in relation to previous data obtained in vivo on plant fatty acid synthesis and current suggestions for the role of phosphatidylcholine in this process. PMID- 7283978 TI - Sequence of residues 400--403 of bovine serum albumin. AB - A large tryptic peptide of bovine serum albumin (residues 377--582) was subjected to 32 cycles of Edman degradation to determine the sequence of the last remaining unknown segment of this protein. Residues 400--403 were identified as gly-Phe-Gln Asn. Amide assignments were also made at positions 388 (glutamine), 389 (asparagine), 391 (aspartic acid) and 392 (glutamine). PMID- 7283977 TI - Immobilization of DNA for affinity chromatography and drug-binding studies. AB - A method is described in which double-stranded DNA is alkylated with 4-bis-(2 chloroethyl)amino-L-phenylalanine and the product immobilized on an insoluble support via the primary amino group of the phenylalanine moiety. The DNA is hence irreversibly bound to the matrix by both strands at a limited number of points. PMID- 7283975 TI - Isolation of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase from rabbit semen and its role in fertilization. AB - Beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase was purified from the rabbit seminal plasma by a three-step procedure involving hydroxyapatite, Sephadex G-200 and concanavalin A- Sepharose chromatography. The specific activity of the purified preparation was 56mu mol/min per mg of protein, which represented a 226-fold purification and a 54% yield of the enzyme activity. The purified enzyme was electrophoretically homogeneous. The homogeneous enzyme showed optimal activity at pH4.0. The apparent Km value and Vmax. were 1.4 mM and 56mu mol/min per mg of protein respectively. Metal ions such as Ag + and Hg2+ and p-chloromercuribenzoate strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. The treatment of rabbit ova with a mixture of Beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase and arylsulphatase A results in the swelling of the zona pellucida. PMID- 7283971 TI - Partial purification and characterization of oestrogen receptors in subfractions of hepatocyte plasma membranes. AB - To assess the subcellular distribution of oestrogen-binding components in their native state, plasma membrane and other cell fractions were prepared from hepatocytes in the absence of [(3)H]oestradiol-17beta. Cells from livers of ovariectomized rats were disrupted, with submaximal homogenization in buffered isotonic sucrose with CaCl(2) and proteinase inhibitor, and fractionated by using isotonic media. Fractions were characterized by determinations of enzyme activities, biochemical constituents and ligand binding. Specific binding of 2nm [(3)H]oestradiol-17beta to intact cells and their fractions was detemined after equilibration for 1.5h at 4 degrees C. More than 92% of the radioactivity from representative preparations was verified as authentic oestradiol by thin-layer chromatography. Activities of plasma-membrane marker enzymes as well as binding sites for oestrogen and for wheat germ agglutinin were present principally in particulate fractions, rather than in 105000g-supernatant fractions. However, by using alternative homogenization procedures (i.e. hypotonic media), known to fragment and strip structural components, oestradiol-binding sites and activities of plasma-membrane marker enzymes were distributed predominantly into cytosol. By using the more conservative procedures, plasma membranes of low (rho=1.13-1.16) and high (rho=1.16-1.18) density were purified from crude nuclear fractions. A second low-density subfraction of plasma membrane was prepared from microsome rich fractions. Activities of plasma-membrane marker enzymes were enriched to about 28 and four times that of the homogenate in plasma membranes of low and high density respectively. Binding sites for wheat germ agglutinin and oestradiol were concentrated in low-density plasma membranes to 46-63 times that of the homogenate. Specific binding of oestrogen in low-density plasma membranes purified from crude nuclei was saturable, with an apparent association constant of 3.5nm. At saturation, such oestradiol receptors corresponded to 526fmol/mg of membrane protein. A Hill plot showed a moderate degree of positive co-operativity in the interaction of hormone with plasma membranes. Specific binding of [(3)H]oestradiol-17beta was reduced by a 200-fold molar excess of unlabelled oestradiol-17beta, oestriol or diethylstilbestrol, but not by oestradiol-17alpha, cortisol, testosterone or progesterone. Binding was also blocked by prior exposure of membranes to trypsin or to 60 degrees C, but remained essentially undiminished by extraction of membranes with either hypotonic or high-salt buffers. Extraction with 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100 partially solubilized the oestrogen-binding component(s) of plasma membranes. Particle-free extracts were resolved on 5-20% (w/v) sucrose density gradients with either 0.01m- or 0.4m-KCl, and the fractions were analysed by adsorption to hydroxyapatite. In low-salt gradients macromolecule-bound oestrogen sedimented at predominantly 7.4S and binding was 1560 times that of the homogenate. Under high-salt conditions oestradiol-binding activity occurred at both 3.6S and 4.9S. PMID- 7283982 TI - A comparative study of lung proteoglycans from different animals. PMID- 7283979 TI - Albumin obscures sex differences in blood protein patterns of rats and humans. AB - Sex related differences in the blood protein patterns of male and female rats and humans have been studied by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. In rats, a prominent band of mol.wt. 74000--78000 is seen in females in far greater quantity than in males, castrated males or ovariectomized females. A secondary band of 100000 is seen under non-reducing conditions in female rats that is absent in males. In humans, bands of 92000 and 88000 mol.wt. appear to be variable in concentration in men although relatively constant in women. The above differences are observable only if serum albumin is removed from the samples before electrophoresis. The results suggest that each sex has its own characteristic blood protein pattern. PMID- 7283983 TI - The effect of undernutrition on lipid metabolism in lung: in vivo incorporation of labeled glucose into lipids. PMID- 7283981 TI - Human apolipoprotein C-I: concentration in blood serum and lipoproteins. PMID- 7283980 TI - Protein disulphide-isomerase activity in chick-embryo tissues. Correlation with the biosynthesis of procollagen. AB - Protein disulphide-isomerase activity was determined in homogenates of chick embryo tissues. Activities were highest in tissues active in procollagen synthesis and were maximal at the developmental stage of maximal procollagen synthesis. These variations in protein disulphide-isomerase activity correlate closely with those previously observed for protocollagen hydroxylase activities. PMID- 7283985 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of the anomers of blood glucose in normal and diabetic rats. PMID- 7283987 TI - On the enzymatic hydrolysis of the sulfate conjugate of 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). PMID- 7283986 TI - Ion-exchange chromatography of creatine kinase isoenzymes: a method with improved specificity and sensitivity. PMID- 7283988 TI - Subcellular localization of iodinated human kidney alpha-D-mannosidase in rat liver: association with subcellular fractions in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7283984 TI - Metabolism of 16, 16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2 in the human female. PMID- 7283989 TI - Thyroid hormone stimulation of Lipogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7283990 TI - Serum uric acid as a prognostic indicator in Reye's syndrome? PMID- 7283992 TI - Erythropoiesis inhibitory factor(s) from human plasma and urine: the production and application of a neutralizing anti-EIF serum. PMID- 7283993 TI - Further characterization of purified lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase from human plasma. PMID- 7283991 TI - Effect of maternal diabetes on fetal bile acid metabolism in the rat. PMID- 7283994 TI - Serum pepsinogens and gastrins in chronic hemodialysis patients. PMID- 7283996 TI - Pig thyroid AMP deaminase purification and some properties. PMID- 7283999 TI - Temperature changes associated with nerve excitation: detection by using polyvinylidene fluoride film. PMID- 7283997 TI - The cytosol polypeptides of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and their effect on DNA synthesis in Balb c/3t3 cells. PMID- 7283998 TI - The components contained in polyethylene glycol of commercial grade (PEG-6,000) as cell fusogen. PMID- 7283995 TI - Polymerized phosphatidyl choline vesicles. Stabilized and controllable time release carriers. PMID- 7284000 TI - Hemoglobin solubility as a function of fractional oxygen saturation for hemoglobins in polyethylene glycol: a sickle hemoglobin model. PMID- 7284001 TI - Non-polymerizable tropomyosin: preparation, some properties and F-actin binding. PMID- 7284002 TI - Fidelity of DNA replication in vivo. PMID- 7284003 TI - Acyl-Coa: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase in mitochondria and microsomes of adult and fetal guinea pig lung. PMID- 7284004 TI - Comparative structural studies of human plasma and amniotic fluid fibronectins. PMID- 7284005 TI - Evidence for an opiate-inactive N-acetylated derivative of leucine-enkephalin in the rat neurointermediate pituitary. PMID- 7284006 TI - Laser Raman spectroscopy of adrenal iron-sulfur apoprotein: the anomalous tyrosine residue at position 82. PMID- 7284009 TI - Circularly polarised luminescence of bilirubin bound to human serum albumin. PMID- 7284012 TI - Microwaves modify thermoregulatory behavior in squirrel monkey. AB - Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) trained to regulate environmental temperature (Ta) behaviorally were exposed in the far field of a horn antenna to ten-minute periods of 2,450 MHz CW microwaves. Incident power density ranged from 1 to 22 mW/cm2. The corresponding specific absorption rate (SAR), derived from temperature increments in saline-filled styrofoam models, ranged from 0.15 to 3.25 W/kg. Controls included exposure to infrared radiation equivalent incident energy and no radiation exposure. Normal thermo-regulatory behavior produces tight control over environmental and body temperatures; most monkeys select a Ta of 34-36 degrees C. Ten-minute exposures to 2,450 MHz CW microwaves at an incident power density of 6-8 mW/cm2 stimulated all animals to select a lower Ta. This threshold energy represents a whole-body SAR of 1.1 W/kg, about 20% of the resting metabolic rate of the monkey. Thermoregulatory behavior was highly efficient, and skin and rectal temperatures remained stable, even at 22 mW/cm2 where the preferred Ta was lowered by as much as 4 degrees C. No comparable reduction in selected Ta below control levels occurred during exposure to infrared radiation of equal incident power density. PMID- 7284008 TI - Transplasmalemma NADH dehydrogenase is inhibited by actinomycin D. PMID- 7284010 TI - Concerning the existence of super-oxidised 8Fe-8S ferredoxin. PMID- 7284007 TI - Modulation of the initiation of mouse beta-globin transcription by non-histone proteins purified from mouse erythropoietic Friend cells. PMID- 7284011 TI - Subcellular distribution of mono(ADP-ribose) protein conjugates in rat liver. PMID- 7284016 TI - Cardiovascular response of rats exposed to 60-Hz electric fields. AB - Recently, it has been reported that exposure to high-strength electric fields can influence electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns, heart rates, and blood pressures in various species of animals. Our studies were designed to evaluate these reported effects and to help clarify some of the disagreement present in the literature. Various cardiovascular variables were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed or sham-exposed to 60-Hz electric fields at 80 or 100 kV/m for periods up to four months. No significant differences in heart rates, ECG patterns, blood pressures, or vascular reactivity were observed between exposed and sham-exposed rats after 8 hours, 40 hours, 1 month, or 4 months of exposure. Blood pressure and heart rate measurements, made during exposure to a 100-kV/m electric field for one hour, revealed no significant differences between exposed and sham-exposed groups. In addition, physiologic reserve capacity, measured in rats subjected to low temperature after exposure to 100 kV/m for one month, showed that electric field exposure had no significant effect on physiological response to cold stress. Our studies cannot be directly compared to the work of other investigators because of differences in animal species and electric-field characteristics. However, our failure to detect any cardiovascular changes may have been the result of 1) eliminating secondary field effects such as shocks, audible noise, corona, and ozone; 2) minimizing steady-state micro-currents between the mouth of the animal and watering devices; and 3) minimizing electric field-induced vibration of the electrodes and animal cages. PMID- 7284013 TI - Real-time measurement of RFR energy distribution in the Macaca mulatta head. AB - Temperature increases due to absorption of 1.2 GHz, CW, 70 mW/cm2, radio frequency (RF) energy, were measured in 3.3-cm-radius homogeneous muscle equivalent spheres, M. mulatta cadaver heads (both detached from and attached to the body) and living, anesthetized M. mulatta heads. Temperatures were measured with a Vitek, Model 101 Electrothermia Monitor and temperature distributions were compared to theoretical predictions from a thermal-response model of a simulated cranial structure. The results show that the thermal response model accurately predicts the temperature distribution in muscle-equivalent spheres, the distribution of temperature in detached M. mulatta heads when exposed from the back of the head, and the distribution of temperature in attached M. mulatta cadaver heads for animals oriented with body parallel to the H-field. The temperature distribution in the detached M. mulatta heads varies markedly with exposure orientation, ie, facing forward, backward, or to the side. The orientation of the M. mulatta cadaver body significantly affects the temperature distribution in the head - with H-field orientation showing high, nonuniform values, and E-field orientation showing low, uniform values. In live animals blood flow produces a significant short-term effect on the temperature distribution in the midbrain, but not the cortex. Midbrain temperatures are both significantly higher and lower than the comparable cadaver measurements, depending on location. PMID- 7284015 TI - Microwave-induced pressure waves in a model of muscle tissue. AB - Microwave-induced mechanical stress waves were studied in simulated muscle tissue. Pulsed microwave energy at 5.655 GHz induced pressure waves that were recorded with a hydrophone transducer. Each pulse produced a peak power density greater than 1.5 kW/cm2. Microwave absorption measurements within the model showed energy deposition to be mostly confined to a region within 2 cm of the irradiated surface. The average specific absorption rate (SAR) at the surface of the sample was about 100 W/kg. The microwave-induced stress wave propogated at a velocity of 1,600 m/sec with peak pressures of approximately 300 pascals and was detectable after having traveled a total distance of 0.61 m on a path that included two reflections at model-container interfaces. PMID- 7284014 TI - Induction of calcium-ion efflux from brain tissue by radiofrequency radiation: effect of sample number and modulation frequency on the power-density window. AB - Changes have been found in calcium-ion binding to brain tissue exposed in vitro to a specific power density (0.83 mW/cm2) of 147-MHz radiation, amplitude modulated by a 16-Hz sine wave. This report replicates and extends this previous work. To define more precisely the range of effective power densities, two different numbers of samples were treated in a Crawford cell. In one series, four brain tissues were exposed at a time; in the other series, four brain tissues plus six dummy loads were exposed together. While the four-sample configuration produced a narrow power-density window, the ten pseudosample configuration resulted in a broader power-density window. The reason for the sample-number dependence is unresolved, but may be due to interactions between samples and field distortions caused by the close spacing. The ten pseudosample configuration was used to test for the presence and rage of a power-density window at a sinusoidal modulation frequency of 9 Hz. The response curve at 9 Hz was essentially identical to the results for 16-Hz sinewave modulation. PMID- 7284017 TI - Tests of mutagenesis and reproduction in male rats exposed to 2,450-MHz (CW) microwaves. AB - Tests of mutagenesis and reproduction were conducted in male rats which were irradiated by 2,450-MHz, continuous-wave (CW) microwaves, 4 hr/day from day 6 of gestation to 90 days of age at 5 mW/cm2; or 5 hr/day for five days beginning on the 90th day of age at 10 mW/cm2; or 4 hr/day, 5 days/wk for four weeks, beginning on the 90th day of age. During selected weekly periods after treatment, the rats were bred to pairs of untreated, normal female rats that were examined in late pregnancy by means of dominant lethal assay. The reproductive efficiency of these males, as reflected in their breeding, was also examined for changes relating to their microwave experience. No significant evidence of germ-cell mutagenesis was detected when data of microwave-exposed males were compared with those of sham-exposed males, even though there were significant increases in rectal and intra-testicular temperatures at a power density of 28 mW/cm2. Temporary sterility, as indexed by fewer pregnancies, was seen at the highest power density. PMID- 7284018 TI - Modification of the repeated acquisition of response sequences in rats by low level microwave exposure. AB - The acute effects of microwave exposure on a repeated acquisition baseline were investigated in three rats. Each session the animals acquired a different four member response sequence. Each of the first three correct responses advanced the sequence to the next member, and the fourth correct response produced food reinforcement. Incorrect responses produced a three-second timeout. Baseline and control sessions were characterized by a decrease in errors within each session. The animals were acutely exposed to a 2.8 GHz pulsed-microwave field prior to test sessions, with average power densities ranging from 0.25 to to 10 mW/cm2. In comparison to control sessions, 1/2 hour of exposure to microwave radiation at power densities of 5 and 10 mW/cm2 increased errors and altered the pattern of within-session acquisition. Exposure to the 10 mW/cm2 power density decreased the rate of sequence completion in all animals. The results of exposures at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mW/cm2 power densities were generally within the control range. The results are interpreted as indicating a disruption in the discriminative stimulus control of the repeated acquisition behavior. PMID- 7284020 TI - Comparison of the coupling of grounded humans, swine and rats to vertical, 60-Hz electric fields. AB - Published and new data for grounded humans, swine, and rats exposed to vertical, 60-Hz electric fields are used to determine field strengths at the surfaces of the bodies and average components of induced-current density along the axes of the bodies. At the tops of the bodies, surface electric fields are increased (enhanced) over the unperturbed field strength present before the subjects entered the field by factors of 17, 7, and 4 for humans, swine, and rats, respectively. For an unperturbed field strength of 10 kV/m, average induced axial current densities in the neck, chest, abdomen, and feet are: 550, 190 250, and 200 nA/cm2, respectively, for humans; 40, 13, 20, and 1100 nA/cm2, respectively, for swine; and 28, 16, 2, and 1400 nA/cm2, respectively, for rats. These data are used to show that the actual electric fields experienced by animals depend strongly on the shape of the body and its orientation relative to the electric field and ground plane. This fact must be taken into account if biological data obtained with laboratory animals are to be used for the assessment of possible hazards to humans exposed to 60-Hz electric fields. PMID- 7284019 TI - Failure of rats to escape from a potentially lethal microwave field. AB - Ocularly pigmented rats, all mature females of the Long-Evans strain, were repeatedly presented an opportunity to escape from an intense 918-MHz field (whole-body dose rate = 60 mW/g) to a field of lower intensity (40, 30, 20, or 2 mW/g) by performing a simple locomotor response. Other rats could escape 800 microamperemeter faradic shock to the feet and tail by performing the same response in the same milieu, a multimode cavity. None of 20 irradiated rats learned to associate entry into a visually well-demarcated area of the cavity with immediate reduction of dose rate, in spite of field-induced elevations of body temperature to levels that exceeded 41 degrees C and would have been lethal but for a limit on durations of irradiation. In contrast, all of ten rats motivated by faradic shock rapidly learned to escape. The failure of escape learning by irradiated animals probably arose from deficiencies of motivation and, especially, sensory feedback. Whole-body hyperthermia induced by a multipath field may lack the painful or directional sensory properties that optimally promote the motive to escape. Moreover, a decline of body temperature after an escape-response-contingent reduction of field strength will be relatively slow because of the large thermal time constants of mammalian tissues. Without timely sensory feedback, which is an essential element of negative reinforcement, stimulus-response associability would be imparied, which could retard or preclude learning of an escape response. PMID- 7284021 TI - Far-field microwave dosimetry in a rhesus monkey model. AB - Dosimetric measurements were made in a muscle-equivalent model of an adult rhesus monkey subjected to far-field irradiation at 1.29 GHz. Profiles of microwave induced heating in the model were obtained at eight locations, and a gradient layer whole-body calorimeter was used to measure total absorbed energy. Average specific absorption rate (SAR) was calculated both from the calorimeter experiments and from the local temperature measurements. Thermographic imaging techniques were used to qualitatively show the microwave-induced surface heating patterns. For this model the calculated average SAR was 0.15 9W/dg)/(mW/cm2) which, at 1.29 GHs, makes the absorption cross section 84% of the geometric shadow cross section. The SAR is about three times that predicted for a prolate spheroidal model of similar mass. A disproportionally high absorption occurred in the legs of the model positioned parallel to the E-polarization because of what is believed to be partial-body resonance. PMID- 7284023 TI - Observing-responses of rats exposed to 1.28- and 5.62-GHz microwaves. AB - The effects of microwave irradiation at two different frequencies (1.28 and 5.62 GHz) on observing-behavior of rodents were investigated. During daily irradiation, eight male hooded rats performed on a two-lever task; depression of one lever produced one of two different tones and the other lever produced food when depressed in the presence of the appropriate tone. At 5.62 GHz, the observing-response rate was not consistently affected until the power density approximated 26 mW/cm2 at 1.28 GHz, the observing-response rate of all rats was consistently affected at a power density of 15 mW/cm2. The respective whole-body specific absorption rates (SARs) were 4.94 and 3.75 W/kg. Measurements of localized SAR in a rat-shaped model of simulated muscle tissue revealed marked differences in the absorption pattern between the two frequencies. The localized SAR in the model's head at 1.28 GHz was higher on the side distal to the source of radiation. At 5.62 GHz the localized SAR in the head was higher on the proximal side. It is concluded that the rat's observing behavior is disrupted at a lower power density at 1.28 than at 5.62 GHz because of deeper penetration of energy at the lower frequency, and because of frequency-dependent differences in anatomic distribution of the absorbed microwave energy. PMID- 7284022 TI - Microwave effects on energy metabolism of rat brain. AB - Rat brain was exposed to 591-MHz, continuous-wave (CW) microwaves at 13.8 or 5.0 mW/cm2 to determine the effect on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced (NADH), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP) levels. On initiation of the in vivo microwave exposures, fluorimetrically determined NADH rapidly increased to a maximum of 4.0%-12.5% above pre-exposure control levels at one-half minute, than decreased slowly to 2% above control at three minutes, finally increasing slowly to 5% above control level at five minutes. ATP and CP assays were performed on sham- and microwave-exposed brain at each exposure time. At 13.8 mW/cm2, brain CP level was decreased an average of 39.4%, 41.1%, 18.2%, 13.1%, and 36.4% of control at exposure points one-half, one, two three, and five minutes, respectively, and brain ATP concentration was decreased an average of 25.2%, 15.2%, 17.8%, 7.4%, and 11.2% of control at the corresponding exposure periods. ATP and CP levels of rat brain exposed to 591-MHz cw microwaves at 5mW/cm2 for one-half and one minute were decreased significantly below control levels at these exposure times, but were not significantly different from the 13.8 mW/cm2 exposures. For all exposures, rectal temperature remained constant. Heat loss through the skull aperture caused brain temperature to decrease during the five-minute exposures. This decrease was the same in magnitude for experimental and control subjects. Changes in NADH, ATP, and CP levels during microwave exposure cannot be attributed to general tissue hyperthermia. The data support the hypothesis that microwave exposure inhibits mitochondrial electron transport chain function, which results in decreased ATP and CP levels in brain. PMID- 7284024 TI - A thermal model of the human body exposed to an electromagnetic field. AB - The human body was modeled by numerical procedures to determine the thermal response under varied electromagnetic (EM) exposures. The basic approach taken was to modify the heat transfer equations for man in air to account for thermal loading due to the energy absorbed from the EM field. The human body was represented in an EM model by a large number of small cubical cells of tissue, and the energy density was determined for each cell. This information was then analyzed by a thermal response model consisting of a series of two-dimensional transient conduction equations with internal heat generation due to metabolism, internal convective heat transfer due to blood flow, external interaction by convection and radiation, and cooling of the skin by sweating and evaporation. This model simulated the human body by a series of cylindrical segments. The local temperature of 61 discrete locations as well as the thermoregulatory responses of vasodilatation and sweating were computed for a number of EM field intensities and two frequencies, one near whole-body resonance. PMID- 7284025 TI - Power density, field intensity, and carrier frequency determinants of RF-energy induced calcium-ion efflux from brain tissue. AB - To explain a carrier frequency dependence reported for radiofrequency (RF) induced calcium-ion efflux from brain tissue, a chick-brain hemisphere bathed in buffer solution is modeled as a sphere within the uniform field of the incident electromagnetic wave. Calculations on a spherical model show that the average electric-field intensity within the sample remains the same at different carrier frequencies if the incident power density (Pi) is adjusted by an amount that compensates for the change in complex permittivity (epsilon *r) and the change of wavelength, as a function of carrier frequency. The resulting formula for transforming Pi is seen to follow the pattern of both positive and negative demonstrations of calcium-ion efflux that have been observed at carrier frequencies of 50, 147, and 450 MHz. Indeed, all results obtained at these three frequencies, when related by Pi's that produce the same average electric-field intensity within the sample, are seen to be in agreement; no prediction is contradicted by an experiment. PMID- 7284028 TI - Studies on microwave and blood-brain barrier interaction. AB - This investigation was aimed at correlating changes of blood-brain-barrier permeability with the quantity and distribution of absorbed microwave energy inside the brain of adult Wistar rats anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital. Through use of thermographic methods and a direct-contact applicator at the animal's head, the pattern of absorbed microwave energy was determined. Indwelling catheters were placed in the femoral vein and in the left external carotid artery. Evans blue and sodium fluorescein in isotonic saline were used as visual indicators of barrier permeation. Exposure to pulsed 2,450-MHz radiation for 20 min at average power densities of 0.5, 1, 5, 20, 145 or 1,000 mW/cm2, which resulted in average specific absorption rates (SARs) of 0.04, 0.08, 0.4, 1.6, 11.5 or 80.0 mW/g in the brain, did not produce staining, except in the pineal body, the pituitary gland, and the choroid plexus - regions that normally are highly permeable. Except for these regions, staining was also absent in the brains of sham-exposed animals. The rectal temperature, as monitored by a copper constantan thermocouple, showed a maximum increase of less than 0.75 degrees C from a mean pre-exposure temperature of 36.6 degrees C. The highest brain temperature recorded in a similar group of animals using a thickfilm carbon thermistor was less than 41.0 degrees C. PMID- 7284026 TI - Calcium-ion efflux from brain tissue: power-density versus internal field intensity dependencies at 50-MHz RF radiation. AB - In previous experiments changes were found in calcium-ion efflux from chick-brain tissue that had been exposed in vitro to 147-MHz radiation across a specific range of power densities when the field was amplitude modulated at 16 Hz. In the present study, 50-MHz radiation, similarly modulated as a sinusoid, was found to produce changes in calcium-ion efflux from chick brains exposed in vitro in a Crawford cell. Exposure conditions were optimized to broaden any power-density window and to enhance the opportunity to detect changes in the calcium-ion efflux. The results of a power-density series demonstrated two effective ranges: One spanning a range from 1.44 to 1.67 mW/cm2, and the other including 3.64 mW/cm2, which were bracketed by no-effect results at 0.72, 2.17, and 4.32 mW/cm2. peaks of positive findings are associated with near-identical rates of energy absorption: 1.4 microW/g at 147 MHz, and 1.3 microW/g at 50 MHz, which indicates that the enhanced-efflux phenomenon is more dependent on the intensity of fields in the brain than on the power density of incident radiation. In addition, the phenomenon appears to occur at multiples of some, as yet unknown, rate of radiofrequency (RF) energy absorption. Because of the extremely small increments of temperature associated with positive findings (less than 4 X 10(-4) degrees C), and the existence of more than one productive absorption rate, a solely thermal explanation appears extremely unlikely. PMID- 7284027 TI - Effects of 60-Hz electric fields on avoidance behavior and activity of rats. AB - In repeated short-term tests (four sessions, each of 45-minute duration), and one longer test (a 23.5-hour session), behavior of rats was evaluated in a long, narrow shuttlebox. One side of the box was exposed to an electric field at various strengths, while a visually identical opposite side was shielded from exposure. In the short-term tests, rats generally remained shielded from electric fields of 90 kV/m and greater during the first session, and maintained this response in subsequent sessions. In the longer test, this same preference response was demonstrated at field strengths of 75 kV/m and greater; however, at 25 and 50 kV/m, rats exhibited a statistically significant preference for the exposed region of the shuttlebox, but only during the light portion of a 12-hour light: 12-hour dark cycle. Exposed animals made more traverses than sham-exposed controls between the two ends of the shuttlebox during the first hour of the test. The experimental data support the hypothesis that the observed behavioral effects are the result of direct interaction of the electric field with the animal, and not the result of secondary factors such as electric shocks, corona discharge, audible noise, ozone, or vibration of the experimental apparatus. PMID- 7284029 TI - Dosimetry for a study of effects of 2.45-GHz microwaves on mouse testis. AB - In order to determine the effects of microwave radiation on the testis, it is necessary to express the physical insult in animal studies in a way that can be replicated elsewhere and ultimately used as a basis for extrapolation to man. However, there is conflict--especially in chronic experiments--between the desire for precise dosimetry and the need to minimise alteration of the normal physiological functions of the animals. The compromise arrangement used in this study was to house the mice singly, in cages with limited food and water, and to irradiate them for up to 30 days (16 h/day) in an anechoic chamber. The only measurements taken routinely were of power density in the positions normally occupied by the cages. In addition, a series of absorption measurements was made in mouse carcasses: Whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR); energy-deposition patterns (determined thermographically); and local SAR in testis (using a miniature electric (E)-field probe). It was concluded that the SAR in testis was considerably less than the whole-body SAR. Exposure for 16 h at 50 mW/cm2 elevated rectal but not testis temperature, thus demonstrating the ability of the conscious mouse to regulate the temperature of its testis. PMID- 7284030 TI - A computer model of temperature distribution inside a lossy sphere after microwave radiation. AB - The temperature distribution inside a lossy sphere resulting from the absorption of microwave energy was approximated by successive numerical iterations. of the thermal energy equation. Heat transfer within the sphere by conduction was considered. In the model energy was not dissipated by convection but was contained in the sphere for over 200 seconds. Exposure of a 5-cm sphere to 3,000 MHz at 30 mW/cm2 for 200 seconds was calculated to produce a temperature rise of 0.56 degrees C near the front surface. PMID- 7284031 TI - Studies of exposure of rabbits to electromagnetic pulsed fields. AB - Dutch rabbits were acutely exposed to electromagnetic pulsed (EMP) fields (pulse duration 0.4 mus, field strengths of 1--2 kV/cm and pulse repetition rates in the range of 10 to 38 Hz) for periods of up to two hours. The dependent variables investigated were pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and serum chemistry (including serum triglycerides, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzymes, and sodium and potassium). Core temperature measured immediately pre-exposure and postexposure revealed no exposure-related alterations. Over the range of field strengths and pulse durations investigated no consistent, statistically significant alterations were found in the end-points investigated. PMID- 7284032 TI - Microwave radiation (2450 MHz) alters the endotoxin-induced hypothermic response of rats. AB - The parenteral administration of bacterial endotoxin to rats causes a hypothermia that is maximal after approximately 90 minutes. When endotoxin-injected rats were held in a controlled environment at 22 degree C and 50% relative humidity and exposed for 90 minutes to microwaves (2450 MHz, CW) at 1 mW/cm2, significant increases were observed in body temperature compared with endotoxin-treated, sham irradiated rats. The magnitude of the response was related to power density (10 mW/cm2 greater than 5 mW/cm2 greater than 1 mW/cm2). Saline-injected rats exposed for 90 minutes at 5 mW/cm2 (specific absorption rate approximately 1.0 mW/g) showed no significant increase in body temperature compared with saline-injected, sham-irradiated rats. The hypothermia induced by endotoxin in rats was also found to be affected by ambient temperature alone. Increases in ambient temperature above 22 degree C in the absence of microwaves caused a concomitant increase in body temperature. This study reveals that subtle microwave heating is detectable in endotoxin-treated rats that have impaired thermoregulatory capability. These results indicate that the interpretation of microwave-induced biological effects observed in animals at comparable rates and levels of energy absorption should include a consideration of the thermogenic potential of microwave. PMID- 7284033 TI - Plane-wave spectrum approach for the calculation of electromagnetic absorption under near-field exposure conditions. AB - The exposure of humans to electromagnetic near fields has not been sufficiently emphasized by researcher. We have used the plane-wave-spectrum approach to evaluate the electromagnetic field and determine the energy deposited in a lossy, homogeneous, semi-infinite slab placed in the near field of a source leaking radiation. Values of the fields and absorbed energy in the target are obtained by vector summation of the contributions of all the plane waves into which the prescribed field is decomposed. Use of a fast Fourier transform algorithm contributes to the high efficiency of the computations. The numerical results show that, for field distributions that are nearly constant over a physical extent of at least a free-space wavelength, the energy coupled into the target is approximately equal to the resulting from plane-wave exposed. PMID- 7284034 TI - Electromagnetic absorption in a multilayered slab model of tissue under near field exposure conditions. AB - The electromagnetic energy deposited in a semi-infinite slab model consisting of skin, fat, and muscle layers is calculated for both plane-wave and near-field exposures. The plane-wave spectrum (PWS) approach is used to calculate the energy deposited in the model by fields present due to leakage from equipment using electromagnetic energy. This analysis applies to near-field exposures where coupling of the target to the leakage source can be neglected. Calculations were made for 2,450 MHz, at which frequency the layered slab adequately models flat regions of the human body. Resonant absorption due to layering is examined as a function of the skin and fat thicknesses for plane-wave exposure and as a function of the physical extent of the near-field distribution. Calculations show that for fields that are nearly constant over at least a free-space wavelength, the energy deposition (for skin, fat, and muscle combination that gives resonant absorption) is equal to or less than that resulting from plane-wave exposure, but is appreciably greater than that obtained for a homogeneous muscle slab model. PMID- 7284035 TI - Effects of 2.45-GHz microwave radiation on embryonic quail hearts. AB - Although exposure to nonionizing electromagnetic radiation has been reported to cause a variety of systemic alterations during embryonic development, there are few reports of the induction of specific physiology or morphologic changes in the myocardium. This study was designed to examine the effects of microwave radiation on cardiogenesis in Japanese quail embryos exposed during the first eight days of development to 2.45-GHz continuous-wave microwaves at power densities of 5 or 20 mW/cm2. The specific absorption rates were 4.0 and 16.2 mW/g, respectively. The ambient temperature for each exposure was set to maintain the embryonated eggs at 37.5 degree C. This did not preclude thermal gradients in the irradiated embryos since microwaves may not uniformly absorbed. The test exposure levels did not induce changes in either the morphology of the embryonic heart or the ultrastructure of the myocardial cells. Analysis of the enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and creatine phosphokinase failed to reveal any statistically significant differences between the nonexposed controls and those groups exposed to either 5 or 20 mW/cm2. The data indicate that 2.45-GHz microwave radiation at 5 or 20 mW/cm2 has no effect on the measured variables of the Japanese quail myocardium exposed during the first eight days of development. PMID- 7284036 TI - Alteration of circulating antibody response of mice exposed to 9-GHz pulsed microwaves. AB - A significant increase was observed in the circulating antibody titers of mice exposed to 9-GHz pulsed microwaves at an average power density of 10 mW/cm2, two hours per day for five days compared with sham-irradiated animals. The mice were previously immunized with type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. Following irradiation, a portion of the immunized animals were challenged with virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae, type III. Ten days after challenge, mortality was essentially the same in the two groups, but during the ten day period, there was a noticeable increase in the survival time of the irradiated animals compared with the sham-irradiated animals, suggesting that the increased circulating antibody response afforded some degree of temporary protection to the animals. PMID- 7284038 TI - General properties of the interaction between animals and ELF electric fields. AB - An analysis is given of the interaction between extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric fields and animals of arbitrary body shape. This analysis is based on three approximations which are valid in the ELF range: In living tissues, capacitive (displacement) currents are negligible compared to conduction currents; effects resulting from the finite velocity of propagation of electromagnetic fields are negligible; skin effect in living tissues is negligible. Major conclusions of the analysis are: (a) The electric field outside the body, the induced charge on the surface of the body, and the total current crossing any section through the body (eg, through the neck or limbs) are completely determined by the characteristics of the applied ELF electric field, the shape of the body, its location relative to ground and other conductors, and any conduction currents from the body to ground or other conductors. (b) All of the quantities in (a) can be measured using conducting animal models. (c) The magnitudes of the electric field outside the body and the induced charge density on the surface of the body are independent of frequency, in the ELF range, when the body is either insulated from or shorted to ground (and any other conductors in the system). (d) The only quantities affected by the electrical properties of the tissues comprising the body are the current density and electric field inside the body. (e) The electric field outside and inside a body will be unchanged by a scaled change in its size. PMID- 7284037 TI - Microwave irradiation and instrumental behavior in rats: unitized irradiation and behavioral evaluation facility. AB - A facility for the exposure of small animals to pulse-modulated microwave radiation (PM MWR) concurrent with their performance of operant behavioral tasks is described. The computer-managed facility comprises an array of 32 individual waveguide exposure cells, each enclosing instrumental conditioning apparatus within a plastic subhousing. The distribution of the microwave electric field intensity within the waveguide was measured by a nonperturbing probe and the modifications induced by the behavioral apparatus and animal within the waveguide determined. Input and interior voltage standing-wave ratios are presented to characterize the design of the chambers and to demonstrate the suitability of the chambers for whole-body irradiation of rat. The specific absorption rate (SAR) is presented utilizing data derived from incremental thermometric examination of saline loads and of selected sites in rat carcasses. This is compared with the whole-body SAR derived from the input/output energy balance equation for the waveguide. The results of continuous monitoring of the SAR by the latter method, while unrestrained rats were engaged in operant and exploratory behavior within the waveguide, are utilized to derive a relationship between chamber input power and the dose rate for adult rats behaviorally active within the waveguide. From these data, we conclude that the experimental array provides a practical method for exposing a large number of animals to PM MWR for long periods of time and coincident with the establishment and/or performance of complex operant behavior. PMID- 7284039 TI - Fluorescence depolarization studies of red cell membrane fluidity. The effect of exposure to 1.0-GHz microwave radiation. AB - The internal viscosity of human red blood cell membranes was investigated during exposure to continuous wave 1.0-GHz microwave radiation using fluorescence measurements of a lipid seeking molecular probe, diphenyl-hexatriene. Samples were exposed in a Crawford cell arranged so that fluorescence was measured during microwave exposure; specific absorption rates calculated from electrical measurements were approximately 0.6, 2 and 15 W/kg. Measurements were obtained at selected temperatures between 15 degrees C and 40 degrees C and as a function of the duration of exposure at 23 degrees C. Arrhenius-type plots of the temperature profile data were linear and showed no difference between exposed and control samples. The exposure duration data also showed no difference between exposed and control samples except for a small effect of elevated temperature at the highest exposure. The activation energy for motion of the fluorescent probe in its environment within the membrane lipid was not affected by the application of the microwave energy and no evidence for a lipid phase transition was found. These results indicate that the increased cation efflux from red cells, observed by others at certain transition temperatures during microwave exposure, was more likely to have been caused by alteration of the membrane bound protein than by changes in the lipid constituents of the red cell membrane. PMID- 7284040 TI - Interactive effects in 60-Hz electric-field exposure systems. AB - The level of exposure of laboratory animals to 60-Hz electric fields is commonly specified in terms of the unperturbed field strength present before the introduction of experimental subjects and their cages. In the research reported in this paper, rats were housed in two parallel rows in 12.4 cm x 25.1 cm x 10.2 cm high plastic cages resting on the lower electrode of a parallel-plate exposure system, and the actual perturbed electric fields experienced by an experimental animal were investigated. The most important results are: 1) Reducing the spacing between the exposure electrodes from 8.7 to 1.7 times the height of a singly exposed rat model, while maintaining a constant unperturbed field strength, resulted in a 15% increase in the electric field at the highest point on the surface of the body and a 10% increase in the short-circuit current of the model. 2) For multiple animal exposures, increases of 10% in both the field at the highest point of the body and the short-circuit current were observed when the electrode spacing was reduced from 8.7 to 2.6 times the height of a rat. 3) Plastic cages caused 1--6% reductions in the electric field at the surface of the body, except very near the cage walls, where enhancements of more than 20% were observed. 4) When 16 rats were simultaneously exposed, the short-circuit current, IS, of an individual subject of weight W (in g), that was surrounded on all sides by other rats of weight W, was reduced from the short-circuit current, IU, measurement with the same subject individually exposed as follows: during a 12 h light (sleeping) cycle, IS/IU = 1.00 -- 0.0173W 1/2; during a 12 h night (awake) cycle, IS/IU = 1.00 -- 0.0136W 1/2. PMID- 7284042 TI - Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in Swedish radio stations and tall FM/TV towers. AB - Radiofrequency electric and magnetic fields have been measured around 11 large broadcast stations and tall FM/TV towers in Sweden. The results show that operating personnel may be exposed to fields exceeding by several times the present standard for occupational exposure to RF radiation. Maintenance personnel are especially vulnerable to exposure when climbing energized towers. The present study indicates that the transmitters should be switched off during the performance of certain tasks on the tower. Safe passage of maintenance personnel near energized antennas of certain types is impossible without a drastic reduction of the transmitted power. In the stations, the RF leakage radiation was generally low, but when work was done with the cabinet doors of the transmitter open, high strengths were found in the vicinity of the transmitter even though it was switched off. It was found that the transmitter acted as a tuned receiver of energy from the other transmitters. PMID- 7284044 TI - Microwave treatment of intracerebral L1210 leukemia: schedule-dependent partial reversal of the effects of methotrexate. AB - One-GHz microwave (MW) irradiation at a power density of 5 mW/cm2 was combined with methotrexate (MTX) in an attempt to treat more effectively central nervous system (CNS) L1210 leukemia in DBA/2J mice. When mice with CNS leukemia were treated with the combination of MW and MTX, there was no improvement in survival compared with a group of animals treated with MTX alone; however, the group that received MTX before the MW exposure had a significantly reduced survival time compared with the group treated with MTX alone or with the group to which MTX was administered after MW. PMID- 7284041 TI - Microwave-induced increase of water and conductivity in submaxillary salivary gland of rats. AB - Hypersalivation is an important mechanism for heat dissipation by animals without sweat glands. The water content and conductivity (at 20 kHz) in submaxillary salivary glands (SSG) and in other tissues were investigated in adult male rats exposed to microwaves (2880 MHz, 1.5 microsecond pulses at 1000 Hz) or to conventional heat at 40 degrees C. Eighty rats in one series were exposed, one at a time, for 30 min to microwaves producing a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4.2, 6.3, 6.8, 8.4, 10.8 or 12.6 W/kg. Fifty rats were sham-exposed under similar environmental conditions. In the second series, ten rats were sham-exposed, 33 rats were exposed one at time, for 15, 30 or 60 min to microwaves at a SAR of 9.5 W/kg, and 32 rats were exposed for similar periods to conventional heat at 40 degrees C. In rats of the first series colonic temperatures were elevated significantly at a SAR of 4.2 W/kg, while SSG water content and conductivity increased significantly at SAR values of 6.3 W/kg and higher. In the second series of experiments increases in colonic temperature and SSG water content were greater after 15 and 30 min of microwave exposure than after exposure to heat. Also, SSG conductivity was significantly depressed by heat and significantly increased by microwaves after exposure for 15 or 30 min. The results support the hypothesis that water content and conductivity of SSG of rats can be used as a sensitive specific test of a microwave induced thermal response. PMID- 7284043 TI - Flight, orientation, and homing abilities of honeybees following exposure to 2.45 GHz CW microwaves. AB - Foraging-experienced honeybees retained normal flight, orientation, and memory functions after 30 minutes' exposure to 2.45-GHz CW microwaves at power densities from 3 to 50 mW/cm2. These experiments were conducted at power densities approximating and exceeding those that would be present above receiving antennas of the proposed solar power satellite (SPS) energy transmission system and for a duration exceeding that which honeybees living outside a rectenna might be expected to spend within the rectenna on individual foraging trips. There was no evidence that airborne invertebrates would be significantly affected during transient passage through microwaves associated with SPS ground-based microwave receiving stations. PMID- 7284045 TI - Possible humoral mechanism of 2450-MHz microwave-induced increase in complement receptor positive cells. AB - These studies indicate that the increase in the frequency of complement receptor positive (CR+) spleen cells observed 6 days after a 30-min exposure to 2450-MHz microwaves is not the result of microwave-induced alterations of lymphocyte recirculation patterns, but is mediated by a soluble, humoral factor produced by cells within the spleen. PMID- 7284046 TI - Experimental results contradicting claimed 1009-MHz influence on erythrocyte mobility. PMID- 7284047 TI - Effect of short electromagnetic pulses on brain acetylcholine content and spontaneous motor activity of mice. AB - Mice were exposed to a single 15-ms or 25-ms pulse of 2,450-MHz microwaves which increased brain temperature by 2 degrees C or 4 degrees C, respectively. Immediately after exposure, the mice became hypokinetic but began recovering within 5 minutes. The 25-ms pulse (18.7 j deposited in the brain) caused a significant decrease in acetylcholine content of the whole brain, probably owing to increased permeability of the membrane. PMID- 7284049 TI - Hapten immunology and allergic reactions in humans. PMID- 7284048 TI - Introduction to drug-related lupus. PMID- 7284050 TI - Possible mechanisms of the hydralazine-related lupus-like syndrome. PMID- 7284054 TI - Platelet aggregation and reversible platelet aggregates in type I-diabetes staged by retinal fluorescein angiography. AB - In 70 patients with juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes and 75 age- and sex-matched controls the reversible platelet aggregates expressed as platelet count ratio (PCR) and the ADP-induced platelet aggregation were studied. Retinal microangiopathy was staged by retinal fluorescein angiography. The mean PCR of the patients (0.82 +/- 0.02) was statistically significantly lower than that of the controls (0.97 +/- 0.01). However, in different stages of retinopathy no significantly different PCR could be observed. ADP-induced platelet aggregation (0.5 and 1.0 micromol/l) exhibited a higher reactivity of diabetic platelets, but with the exception of tangent alpha (see later), the differences were not statistically significant in comparison to the controls. After collagen induced platelet aggregation (0.5 and 1 microgram/ml) the lag time in diabetics was significantly (p less than 0.001) lower than in the controls, whereas the other quantitative parameters exhibited higher platelet reactivity in general, though not statistically significant. No relationship between PCR and the in vitro induced aggregation was found. The degree of retinopathy had no significant influence on platelet aggregation. In general, the data demonstrate an increase in sensitivity of platelets in juvenile-onset diabetics, whereas no influence of stage of microangiopathy could be detected. PMID- 7284051 TI - Variability of plasma hydralazine concentrations in male hypertensive patients. AB - The efficacy and toxicity of hydralazine differ widely among individual patients, possibly because of different sensitivities to drug effect or as a reflection of pharmacokinetic differences. Therefore, the variability in plasma hydralazine concentrations after single intravenous and single and multiple oral doses was studied in 9 male hypertensive patients. After an intravenous dose of 0.3 mg/kg the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) varied over less than a twofold range 17.5-29.5 muM-minute. However, after a single oral dose, 1 mg/kg, and after at least the fifth dose of a regimen consisting of 1 mg/kg given every 12 hours, there were much wider variations in AUC values: 4.0-30.4 and 3.2-38.5 muM-minute, respectively. Similar ranges in peak hydralazine concentration, Cp, were also noted, 0.12-1.31 muM after single oral dose and 0.10-1.39 muM after the multiple dose regimen. A significant portion of the observed interpatient variability could be explained by differences in acetylation ability. The AUC and Cp values for both the single and multiple oral doses were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in rapid than in slow acetylators. Therefore, determining the acetylation ability of patients requiring hydralazine may help to optimize therapeutic benefit and minimize toxicity. PMID- 7284052 TI - The effect of bezofibrate and clofibrate on cholesterol accumulation, esterification and removal in cultured 3T3 fibroblasts. AB - 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were used to determine the effect of bezafibrate and clofibrate on the cellular metabolism of cholesterol. In cells incubated in normal medium these agents decreased the incorporation of 3H-labelled oleic acid relative to 14C-labelled linoleic acid into the cholesterol ester fraction. When the 3T3 fibroblasts were incubated with cationised low density lipoprotein (LDL) the amount of esterified cholesterol which accumulated in the cells was greatly increased. This accumulation of cholesterol ester was reduced by bezafibrate and clofibrate. These agents decreased the incorporation of both 3H-labelled oleic acid and 14C-labelled linoleic acid into the cholesterol ester fraction of the cells, with a preferential effect on oleic acid as indicated by a reduction in the 3H/14C ratio. When cells which had been preincubated with cationised LDL were reincubated in normal medium, the removal of esterified cholesterol from the cells was increased by both bezafibrate and clofibrate. The mechanism of the effects of these agents on the metabolism of cellular cholesterol is discussed. PMID- 7284053 TI - Similarity of male and females of HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol concentration in A caribbean rural community. AB - Fasting serum lipoprotein lipid concentrations were measured in 64 subjects aged 11-18 and 72 aged 33-54 years, who comprised 86% of long-term residents of these ages in a rural community in Trinidad. Total HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 cholesterol concentrations were similar in males and females after allowance for alcohol consumption. The results differ from other societies in which HDL2 concentration is lower in men than women, and are thought to provide further evidence for interaction between hormonal status and factors such as adiposity and triglyceride concentration with respect to HDL concentration. PMID- 7284055 TI - Lipid-protein constituents of human corneal arcus. AB - Extracts of fresh senile human peripheral cornea with varying degrees of arcus were prepared by soaking minced tissue in buffered saline/EDTA. Apolipoprotein B was, at most, an occasional feature of these extracts; interactions involving glycosaminoglycans were not evident; and the lipid composition, particularly of the cholesterol ester fraction, was also not consistent with a recent origin from plasma components and particularly form low density lipoprotein. Assuming this origin, substantial secondary changes must follow insudation, involving protein loss and lipid reesterification, as is described for lipid deposits forming intracellularly at other sites. The manner of these changes in deposit forming extracellularly in the avascular peripheral cornea is not clear. PMID- 7284056 TI - Amyloidosis. Its role in Alzheimer's disease and other diseases. PMID- 7284059 TI - [Macroscopic examination of the placenta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7284058 TI - [Desmoid fibroma of bone. An histoenzymological and ultrastructural study of the mandible in one case (author's transl)]. AB - A case of post-traumatic desmoid tumor of the mandible is reported in a 4-year old girl. This tumor was considered typical clinically and by light microscopy. Four years later, the patient was symptomless, without evidence of recurrence. Histoenzymology showed a high level of leucine aminopeptidase activity. On electron microscopy, a part from a few primitive mesenchymal cells, abnormal fibroblasts represented the principal cellular component. These cells showed evidence of intracytoplasmic collagen fibers synthesis and of myoid differentiation (numerous filaments and endocytosis vacuoles). Myofibroblasts, with a microfibrillary network showing areas of dense osmiophilic condensation in the vicinity of cell membrane were also present. This atypical ultrastructural feature suggests, in this case, the non-neoplastic nature of this lesion. It seems to reflect an abnormal reaction to a traumatic aggression, characterized by proliferation of myofibroblasts (which normally disappear in the late stages of healing) and to have, thus, the signification of pathologic scar. PMID- 7284057 TI - [Prognostic histopathological features of cutaneous malignant melanomas. New statistical approach (author's transl)]. AB - The records of 203 Cutaneous Malignant Melanomas treated at the Centre Rene Huguenin in Saint-Cloud from october, 1959 to december, 1978 were reviewed. The histologic data were reexamined and 155 cases were retained. Previously classified according to the histologic type and the invasion level of Clark, they were evaluated according to the thickness of the tumor by the ocular micrometer in 100 ths of a millimeter, as was done by Breslow. Other histologic data were collected for each case. Clinical and therapeutic informations and carcinologic events were gathered together. From this research, 155 cases were proved significant in accordance with Multifactorial Statistic Analysis. This study pointed out significant facts: 1) The thickness of the tumor is the utmost important factor, i.e. correlative with survival rate, recurrence and metastasis. 2) Starting with a short number of histologic and clinical variables it seems possible to draw a profile of a patient with cutaneous malignant melanoma and to obtain a precise prognosis and so prepare complementary treatment. PMID- 7284060 TI - [Meningitis caused by Salmonella]. AB - The clinical and laboratory characteristics of eleven cases of bacterial meningitis due to Salmonella, are reviewed. Meningitis was more common in children under the age of 13 months. In younger children the symptoms and neurological signs were not evident. Convulsive disorders and neurological coma were the most frequent complications in 4 and 5 cases respectively. The mortality ratio was high, 36% (4 patients) and the neurological sequelae were very important: two patients presented spastic paralytic alterations and other two had hydrocephalia. The main findings in the cerebral spinal fluid were: increased leukocytes and proteins with low glucose determinations; comparing with other purulent meningitis, mononuclear cells were predominant over polymorphonuclear cells in 7 cases (64%). Salmonella was isolated in all cases; Salmonella typhi was recovered in 3 cases; one had group "C" Salmonella and 7 cases Salmonella group "B". These cases were treated with either chloramphenicol or ampicillin. PMID- 7284061 TI - [Acute glomerulonephritis in children. I. Clinical manifestations]. AB - The symptoms and short-term evolution of 617 patients with acute glomerulonephritis are discussed. Edema was the most frequent symptom (93%) at the time that gross hematuria was only present in 65% of cases. On the other side, heart failure was detected in 33% of patients and neurological symptoms in 6%. Short-term follow-up of 381 of these patients show that microscopic hematuria cleared up after six months in 73% of cases, but lasted more than one year in only 4% of patients. PMID- 7284062 TI - [Familial incidence of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis]. AB - The investigation on siblings of AGN patients has shown a streptococcus carrier evidence of 45%, while glomerulonephritis incidence was 15%. These data allowed us to classify our population as highly susceptible to bacterial dissemination and to the development of non-suppurative complications. Renal compromise was clinical and histologically classified. Subclinical forms showed glomerular lesions of mesangial localization, while clinical forms exhibited variable degrees of cellular proliferation. All patients recovered except one who died of a rapidly progressive form. PMID- 7284064 TI - [Perforation of the stomach in childhood]. AB - Four cases of gastric perforation are studied in three male newborns and in a 14 year-old female out of 1949 autopsies performed from 1969 to 1978 at the Pathology Department of Hospital Infantil de Mexico. All four cases showed clinical signs of respiratory failure and anatomical pulmonary lesions; this last feature led in all cases to hypoxia. Based on these data and on the opinion of several authors, hypoxia is believed to be the most important datum in the pathogenesis of gastric perforation in childhood. PMID- 7284066 TI - [Epiphysiolisthesis of the femur head in 2 brothers]. PMID- 7284063 TI - [An integrated focus on the adolescent in Latin America]. PMID- 7284067 TI - [Dermatitis of the diaper area]. AB - Diaper area dermatitis is one of the most frequent dermatosis in infants. Knowledge of clinics, but specially of the management of this entity is important, since references to this respect are not up-to-date in spite of the importance of this disease. Newborns adn infants present this condition, due to the fact that vesical and anal sphincters are still beyond control and because the diaper is one of the most important clothing articles in babies and often in preschool or schoolage children complaining of some related pathological condition. PMID- 7284065 TI - [Fanconi syndrome with hepatic cirrhosis. Presentation of a case]. AB - A male infant with clinical and radiological manifestations of hypophosphatemic rickets is presented. He had dysfunction of the renal tubular mechanisms of reabsorption manifested by: glycosuria, hyperaminoaciduria, hyperphosphaturia and high alkaline phosphatase plasma levels; associated with hepatic cirrhosis. Biochemical screening discarded most of the main known causes of Toni-Debre Fanconi syndrome. Unfortunately, due to the low incidence of the syndrome and the patient's death, it was impossible to reach an accurate diagnosis. A review of the syndrome is presented. PMID- 7284068 TI - [Section on clinicopathological sessions of the hospital Infantil de Mexico. Unilateral xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7284069 TI - [Adrenocortical cancer in children]. PMID- 7284070 TI - [Estimation of the probability of heterozygosity in Duchenne-type progressive muscular dystrophy]. AB - The severe Duchenne type of muscular dystrophy is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. Approximately two thirds of healthy female heterozygous carriers have a high serum creatine kinase (SCK). A suspected carrier with a normal SCK level therefore, presents an important problem in genetic counselling. Based on Bayesian methods, Emery and Hollyway derived a formula which is applicable when the sporadic case is either the son or brother of a consultant and which also includes information on SCK levels in the consultant and in normal daughters and sisters. The present paper describes the results obtained with use of this formula in 27 families with at least a propositus with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7284074 TI - [Use and abuse of the measures of variation in clinical research]. PMID- 7284073 TI - [The thymothoracic index and its usefulness in the diagnosis of newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome]. AB - In order to evaluate the use of the thymothoracic index (TTI) in the diagnosis of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 51 newborn infants were studied and divided into two groups: group A included 30 patients with RDS and group B, 21 infants with lung pathology other than RDS. The diagnosis in both groups was based on clinical, radiological and anatomopathological grounds. The TTI is obtained by dividing the diameter of the cardiothymic shadow at the carina level between the chest diameter at the costophrenic angles, using a simple chest radiography. In both groups, the height, weight and gestational age were similar; the only difference was the time when the X-Ray was taken; in group A the average time was 11.5 hours after birth and group B, 17.1 hours. The TTI was greater in group A (0.44 +/- 0.09) than in group B (0.30 +/- 0.08) with a significant difference. In conclusion the TTI is a simple and practical method that can be useful in the diagnosis of RDS. PMID- 7284072 TI - [Severe cardiac arrhythmia secondary to perinatal asphyxia]. AB - A complex case of heart arrhythmia, probably, secondary to perinatal asphyxia is described. It was not possible to confirm a diagnosis from among the most common types of arrhythmias that develop during the neonatal period, such as congenital AV blockage, supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia or ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia because of the changing pattern of the pacemaker and the rhythm. PMID- 7284071 TI - [Vitamin B 12 levels in children with intestinal resection at the level of the ileum]. AB - Serum concentration of vitamin B12 is reported in children who had previously lost partially or totally the ileum. Only one of them showed a definite pondostatural retardation when evaluation of growth and development was done. No evidence of anemia was found in any one of them and the estimation of vitamin B12 was abnormally low in only one case. Findings are discussed and the necessity to carry out a periodic control of vitamin B12 in children with ileal resection is stressed. PMID- 7284075 TI - [Progressive reduction and aseptic necrosis in congenital hip luxation]. AB - A septic necrosis subsequent to reduction is a problem which, for many years, has molested those who are devoted to the study of congenital dislocation of the hip, since it is a frequent and apparently irresoluble complication. However, through recent years, the application of modified treatment methods consisting in what has been called progressive reduction (traction, progressive manipulation in bed, with the patient fully awake and plaster in human position) have allowed a considerable drop of necrosis figures. The present study conducted with a group of patients treated with this method and compared with another group treated with methods previously followed in this institution, shows important drop in necrosis phenomena, specially in severe cases. PMID- 7284076 TI - [Tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses. A series at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico, 1958-79]. AB - A series of tumors of the nose & paranasal sinuses in children and adolescents was studied at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico, from 1958 to 1979, obtaining the charts of 70 boys and 30 girls. The tumors were considered, according to a clinical-histological classification, as benign, intermediate and malignant neoplasias. This study included the important signs and symptoms, involved areas. diagnostic means, type of therapy (surgery or combined). The surgical technique and results were followed for at least a sufficient time, to observe a 42% recovery rate, 13% of relapses, 8% of mortality and 37% lost to follow-up, or without sufficient time to determine results. The objectives of the present paper were: to determine the importance of an early diagnosis, types of combined therapy, and present surgical techniques. PMID- 7284077 TI - [Evaluation of microtechnics in the study of coagulation]. AB - Coagulation tests were performed in 20 children admitted to the Centro Medico Nacional, through the use of two different techniques: the classical microtechniques through which, blood samples are obtained by direct venous puncture and the microtechnique or capillary, where capillary puncture and micropipettes are used. We believed the latter would be of great usefulness, specially in very small babies. A statistical analysis showed trustworthiness in the microtechnical method, absence of lineal correlation between the two and it was seen that sensibility to detect changes in measurements is higher through the use of capillary puncture. A simple procedure is required for the microtechnique to obtain th sample which should not be stored in refrigeration and must be processed within two hours to avoid changes and mistakes in the interpretation. If such requirements are covered, the results obtained with this technique are of the highest quality and trustworthiness and show the advantage that they may be repeated as often as necessary to obtain the most adequate diagnosis of coagulation. PMID- 7284078 TI - [Acute glomerulonephritis, scarlet fever and impetigo. Persistent problems]. PMID- 7284080 TI - Feeding schedules and the circadian organization of behavior in the rat. AB - Feeding and drinking behavior of rats maintained in constant light were recorded before, during and after feeding schedules with periods lying within or outside the range of circadian entrainment. Regardless of period, all schedules immediately resulted in the partial or complete synchronization of drinking behavior, but failed to entrain the free-running circadian feeding and drinking rhythms. This indicated that drinking can be passively driven by periodic access to food. However, other results suggested that a separate circadian system was entrained by feeding schedules: First, the 24-h periodicity induced by 24-h feeding schedules often continued for several days after termination of the schedules. Second, the rats showed anticipatory activity under schedules with periods within, but not outside, the circadian range of entrainment. Third, lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which resulted in the immediate elimination of free-running rhythms, did not alter the rhythmic influences of the feeding schedules. These results provide evidence for the participation of two distinct circadian systems in the control of behavior in the rat. The two systems appear to have different entrainment characteristics and separate physiological substrates. PMID- 7284079 TI - Reversal of the behavioural effects of monocular deprivation as a function of age in the kitten. AB - In order to evaluate the role played by chronological age or maturation in the decline of cortical plasticity during the critical period, kittens were given equal periods of monocular visual experience with each eye, separated by periods of dark-rearing. Experience with one eye was given at the same age in all animals (days 26-36), whereas the age at onset of reversal experience varied across animals. Monocular visual acuities were used as a behavioural index of sensitivity to reverse suturing. Our results demonstrate that sensitivity to reversal varies as a function of age alone when amount of visual experience is held constant. The size and direction of the interocular differences in visual acuity indicate that sensitivity declines steadily throughout the critical period. If reversal occurred on or before day 57, the initially deprived eye was able to gain superiority over the initially exposed eye. By 14 weeks of age the effects of reversal were negligible. The duration of dark-rearing within and beyond the critical period appeared to affect the absolute acuity levels attained but not the magnitude of interocular acuity differences. PMID- 7284081 TI - Delayed-alternation performance after selective lesions within the prefrontal cortex of the cat. AB - On the basis of new neuroanatomical findings on relationships between subregions of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and the prefrontal cortex of the cat, it was attempted to investigate the relative importance of prefrontal subfields with the aim of obtaining evidence in favor of a functional inequality of different prefrontal subfields. Four areas, named presylvian (PRS), proreal (PR), dorsomedial (DM), and orbito-insular (OI) sectors, were ablated successfully in 30 adult animals. Performance of a 10-sec delayed-alternation task was compared pre- and postoperatively. Furthermore, most of the cats had to learn an extension of this task postoperatively, using a 20-sec delay period, and lastly, these animals were subjected to an extinction test. Significant performance differences were obtained between cats of different groups in all three tasks. Lesions of subregion PR, and even more of subregion PRS, led to severe behavioral deterioration, whereas lesions of subregion OI were without effect, when compared with the behavior of a sham-operated control group. PRS-cats, furthermore, showed motor disturbances during the first postoperative week. The results obtained suggest that it is possible to subdivide the cat's prefrontal cortex functionally. In addition, it is hypothesized that behavioral changes in cats of groups PRS and PR are due to an inability to use kinesthetic information properly. PMID- 7284083 TI - Conditional discrimination training and interocular transfer in pigeons. AB - Four groups of pigeons were trained either monocularly or binocularly on a series of successive line orientation discriminations. The role in interocular transfer of both changes in viewing conditions and background cues was examined. Either red or green background illumination to the patterns was used as changes in background cues; whereas alterations in viewing conditions were obtained by transferring from binocular to monocular vision, or from the left to the right eye. The results suggest that the viewing condition can operate in the same way as an external cue does for a conditional discrimination. This finding provides an explanation of the learning of conflicting discriminations with each eye by animals that also show interocular transfer. PMID- 7284082 TI - Learning in surgical and functional hemidecorticate rats: a preliminary study of compensation. AB - A case is made for the conjoint use of surgical and functional hemidecorticate preparations in the investigation of compensation. Direct comparison of the effects of surgical and functional hemidecortication in rats in an active runway avoidance learning situation is reported. Trials to successively higher avoidance criteria, total avoidance responses, longest runs of consecutive avoidance responses, response latencies and running times are compared. None of these measures reveal differences between the two types of hemidecorticate preparation, although compared with a normal group both hemidecorticate groups show a deficit. The implications of this finding in terms of the compensation issue are discussed. PMID- 7284085 TI - Asymmetric distribution of side preference in hamsters can be reversed by lesions of the caudate nucleus. AB - Side preferences were tested in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) by placing them on an elevated centerboard which divided a rectangular arena in two equal compartments. When descending from the centerboard all animals turned more often right (79%) than left (21%). After small electrolytic lesions of the left caudate nucleus the side preference was reversed: 31% to the right and 69% to the left. Combined lesions of the left caudate nucleus and left sensorimotor cortex showed similar results; lesions of the left cortex alone had only minor effects. These observations support the hypothesis [28] that side preferences depend on asymmetries of the nigrostriatal system. PMID- 7284084 TI - Visual deficits and recovery following monocular lid closure in a prosimian primate. AB - The behavioral consequences of long-term monocular lid closure in 6 deprived and 2 normal prosimian primates (Galago crassicaudatus) were examined using a visual field perimetry technique and a variety of visuomotor tests. Deprived galagos had their right lid sutured either within 8 (n = 4) or 38 (n = 2) days postpartum and were reared under these conditions for at least 8 months. Normal galagos responded briskly on all visuomotor tests including tracking, response to visual threat, ability to descend from a platform, and obstacle avoidance. Perimetry tests of these animals showed that the visual field with both eyes open was 180 degrees while each eye tested individually had a 135 degrees field. Deprived galagos tested with their experienced eye exhibited normal visuomotor behavior and normal visual fields. Following reverse suture all deprived animals behaved initially as if blind on all tests. Over the next 4-8 weeks these animals showed some limited recovery on the visuomotor tasks. Tests of perimetry indicated that by the end of four weeks of testing, vision was limited to the deprived monocular segment where it remained stable to the end of the testing period. With both eyes open, deprived galagos exhibited a normal 180 degrees visual field. Curiously, however, when stimuli were introduced simultaneously in corresponding points in both monocular segments of the field, the majority of orienting responses of deprived subjects favored the right deprived eye. Under similar testing conditions one normal subject favored its right eye and the other its left eye. The reversibility of monocular deprivation was explored further either by extending the period of forced use of the deprived eye in one animal or by removing the non-deprived eye in another animal. No further improvement in visual field perimetry was seen following a longer period of forced use of the deprived eye. In contrast, a substantial increase in the visual field could be demonstrated one month following removal of the originally experienced eye: the deprived eye field expanded to include the entire 90 degrees ipsilateral hemifield. The contralateral field of the deprived eye, however, continued to remain blind even after one year. These behavioral results suggest that although the original binocular competitive disadvantage suffered by the deprived eye during development is relatively permanent, it can partially be ameliorated by late removal of the non-deprived eye. PMID- 7284086 TI - Phasic electrodermal responses after visual stimulation in the cortically blind hemifield. AB - Phasic electrodermal responses were recorded after presenting targets within the blind part of the visual field to patients with damage to the geniculostriate pathway. The results suggest that the electrodermal component of the orienting response can also be elicited after damage to the visual cortex. The electrodermal responses are interpreted in terms of registration of a visual stimulus. This registration seems to be mediated by extrastriate pathways. PMID- 7284087 TI - Pattern discrimination in rabbits kept in environments of different complexities after unilateral removal of the occipital cortex. AB - Pattern discrimination was studied in rabbits in which a unilateral ablation of the occipital lobe had been made either at adult age or a few days after birth. It was found that a postoperative stay in an enriched environment did not improve striated pattern discrimination with the eye contralateral to the lesion. PMID- 7284089 TI - Midbrain regions involved in call production in Java sparrows. AB - Calling has been evoked from the midbrain of Java sparrows by currents of less than 200 micro A. Minimum thresholds were found in the medial nucleus intercollicularis, higher threshold sites surrounded these. Additionally, more ventral sites were found. Calling evoked did not resemble natural calls, but was similar to that produced after bilateral denervation of the syrinx. These results indicate that the nucleus intercollicularis acts as a controller rather than an organizer of calling. PMID- 7284088 TI - Recognition memory, chlordiazepoxide and rhesus monkeys: some problems and results. AB - Monkeys were taught a variation of the Konorski [26] pair comparison task, with and without delay, by first training them on a 'simultaneous' procedure involving the judicious use of both correction and non-correction training. In this task, they had to respond to a left hand panel if two simultaneously present colour (green or red) stimuli were the same (e.g. green, green) and to a right hand panel if they were different (e.g. red, green). Once they had learned this task, delays ranging from 0 to 16 sec were interposed between the two stimuli, and reliable forgetting curves were obtained. The effects of chlordiazepoxide (CDP) on such behaviour were assessed in the next experiment. Few impairments were observed even after high (80 mg/kg, i.p.) doses of the drug, and this is in contrast to our previously reported findings with pigeons [31]. However, it was argued that the stimulus presentation times could have been too long, thereby enabling the animal to overcome any deficiency in mnemonic processing. This problem was tackled in the third experiment, by presenting the to-be-remembered stimulus for brief periods; in addition, signal detection performance was also assessed. In spite of such refinements, CDP (30 mg/kg) failed to disrupt percent correct performance on the tasks although response latencies showed an increase, leading in some cases to a failure to respond within the allocated time. PMID- 7284091 TI - Increased levels of rat liver RNA polymerase I(A) and I(B) following the administration of triiodothyronine. AB - The levels of the transcribing RNA polymerase I(B) in the nucleus and of the non transcribing RNA polymerase I(A) in the cytoplasm are both approximately doubled 24 h after a single i.p. injection of triiodothyronine into thyroidectomized rats. This suggests that the triiodothyronine-induced stimulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis is associated with an increase in the total RNA polymerase I content of rat liver cells. PMID- 7284090 TI - Effect of prior experience on bar-pressing in rats without neocortex. AB - Rats in which all neocortex had been surgically removed produced similar patterns of performance to those previously established for rabbits with total neocortical ablations in a bar-pressing task for food reward. The animals deprived of neocortex developed inefficient patterns of food-tray related behaviours and a limit to their bar-pressing performance for intermittent rewards in the region of 4-10 presses per reward. The lesioned animals were also unable to form a sequential brightness discrimination on a GO-NOGO schedule using a bar-press response. Neither prior experience of other instrumental learning situations nor experience of working in the same apparatus and using the same instrumental response were sufficient to improve subsequent bar-press performance for intermittent reward in the neocortically lesioned animals. Previous success in improving such performance by pretraining procedures designed to facilitate identification of the part of the apparatus to be manipulated by the animal cannot easily be explained, therefore, on the basis of such incidental factors as increased behavioural sophistication or of increased familiarity with the apparatus and the instrumental response itself. The data are consistent with the view that the neodecorticate's difficulty in the bar-pressing situations for intermittent rewards is due to inadequate identification of cues associated with the object to be manipulated rather than to an associative learning deficit. PMID- 7284093 TI - [Transport of cytidinediphosphocholine in different biological models. II - Transport of (5 3H, Met 14C) cytidinediphosphocholine in isolated and perfused rat liver]. AB - The uptake of double labeled CDP-choline by isolated and perfused rat liver has been investigated. The time course of CDP-choline uptake is different for 3H and 14C, showing the existence of the degradation process of the molecule. The identification and characterization of CDP-choline and its metabolites, in the perfusate and in the hepatic extract are performed by high pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7284092 TI - [Transport of cytidinediphosphocholine in different biological models. I - Synthesis and characterization of (5 3H, Met 14 C) cytidinediphosphocholine]. AB - In order to investigate the transport of CDP-choline across the biological membranes we have synthesized the double labeled CDP-choline. The (5 3H, methyl 14C) CDP-choline is synthesized by a crossed condensation of (5 3H) CMP and methyl 14C) p-choline using DCC as condensing agent. The product of the reaction is identified by chromatographics and spectroscopics methods. PMID- 7284094 TI - [Possible regulatory role of 5'-methylthioadenosine on enzymatic methyl esterification of membrane protein]. AB - In the present study the effect of 5'methylthioadenosine (MTA), a natural metabolite of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), on the enzymatic methyl esterification of intact erythrocyte membrane proteins has been investigated. The thioether significantly affects the methylation process :50% inhibition being observable at 100 microM MTA. This inhibition is due to the action of MTA on the enzyme protein methylase II. Since MTA is present in micromolar amounts in the cells, the reported effect could be of physiological interest and suggests a new regulatory role of this AdoMet metabolite. PMID- 7284095 TI - [Preliminary studies on the characterization of adenylate cyclase from segmental ganglia of the leech Hirudo medicinalis]. AB - Adenylate cyclase activity has been measured in segmental ganglia of the leech Hirudo m. Basal enzymatic activity was stimulated in a dose dependent fashion by serotonin. GTP is required in order to evoke maximal stimulation. The effect was blocked by methysergide, an antagonist of serotonin at receptor level. The stimulation of the enzyme was prevented by alpha beta-methy-len-ATP. In addition RMI 12330A inhibited basal as well as serotonin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity presumably by acting at the catalytic subunit level. PMID- 7284097 TI - [Effect of aqueous extracts of Tamus communis L. leaves on the germination of seeds of various species]. AB - The different influence of germination and growth inhibitors in aqueous extracts, at the same concentration, of Tamus communis L. leaves, on germinating seeds and seedlings of nigra L., Lactuca sativa L., Medicago sativa L., has been shown. This action, very marked at the experimental concentrations, is not toxic, as the seeds and seedlings, if immersed in deionized water after treatments, recover their germination and growth. This recovery occurs however differently in the plants investigated. PMID- 7284098 TI - [Incidence, type and significance of anti-myocardial autoantibodies in patients undergoing cardiac surgery]. AB - The incidence of anti-myocardial autoantibodies was investigated in 62 patients suffering from congenital or acquired cardiopathy prior to and 1, 10 and 20 days after cardiac surgery. Anti-myocardial autoantibodies were present in about 23.7 per cent of patients even before surgery, practically doubled one day after intervention, reached their peak (60-70 per cent) at 10 days from surgery and began to diminish at 20 days. At all times and incidence was higher in patients with acquired cardiopathy than in those with congenital heart diseases. In the large majority of cases, the autoantibodies were of the IgG class, of the striational type and in low titers. The relevance of anti-myocardial autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of cardiac lesions and the possible causes of the reversibility of the autoimmune phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 7284096 TI - [Control of heparinemia during hemoperfusion on microencapsulated anion exchange resin. (Experiment conducted on 10 pigs)]. PMID- 7284100 TI - [Indirect hemagglutination test (IH) for checking the immune state towards Toxoplasma gondii]. AB - It has been examined 25 women for the Toxoplasmosis with 2 kinds of Indirect Hemoagglutination tests (IH) compared with the Complement Fixation (CF) test. The results showed that IE with lyphilized red cells and control sera is more sensitive than IE with r. c. and c. s. in solution with conservative substances and CF. PMID- 7284099 TI - [Possibility of immunostimulation in patients with lung cancer. Study of lymphocyte subpopulations]. AB - The study concerns 15 patients affected by pulmonary cancer using rosette Et, Ea, EAChu in pre-treatment phase but after leven-Therapy and Finally after surgery. After surgery we also evaluated the Ts population. The conclusions of our studies demonstrate a significant decrease of the rosette Et-Ea population in the pre treatment phase that becomes normal after treatment and the use of surgery. Very important is the observation of the decrease of rosette Ts and said decrease coned be corolated with the presence in these subjects of inhibitory or facilitary factors which coned limit the immunitary intervention by an inhibitory action on the Ts lymphocytes. PMID- 7284102 TI - [Influence of the spinal cord on the cerebral cortex nystagmogenic area]. AB - We have investigated the effect of section of the spinal cord, at cervical and thoracic levels, on the excitability of the nystagmogenic area in the rabbit. Cervical transection (C2 level) induced a modification of excitability of this area since the threshold for cerebral eye nystagmus was lowered and the frequency of eye jerks was increased. Dorsal spinal transection (T4 level) did not affect the cerebral nystagmogenic area. During electrical stimulation of the dorsal quadrants of the proximal stump of the spinal cord, we found a lowering of excitability of cerebral nystagmogenic area, while ventral quadrants stimulations induced a facilitating effect on the cerebral nystagmogenic area. The evoked potentials and the responses of single units to photic stimulation of contralateral retina confirmed these results. In conclusion, the spinal cord influences the cortical nystagmogenic area by modulating its output. PMID- 7284101 TI - [Influence of age on blood glucose levels: percentile reference intervals determined on ambulatory patients]. AB - Data of routine chemical and hematological laboratory tests regarding outpatients were collected in four different hospitals of the provinces of Ferrara, Rovigo and Bologna. Data of about 1500 subjects per hospital were cumulated without preliminary selection of patients; sex, age and pregnancy status were also recorded. At the end of the collection, the second (and third) record of the same patient was discarded; only those referring to the first examination were retained. In this report we consider only the values of the blood sugar level which were obtained by enzymatic methods. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were performed utilizing a CDC CYBER 70/76 computer. The means and the variances of the data collected at the four hospital laboratories were very similar (Tab 1). The interlaboratory analysis of variance was poorly significant. All frequency distributions were leptocurtic and skewed to the right (Fig. 1). The blood sugar level tend to increase with age (Tab. 2). This correlation is graphically depicted in a two-dimensional plot (Fig 2) in which the regression line and the 2, 5 and 97,5 percentile levels corrected for age were also reported. We think that this diagram may be more helpful to the clinicians interpreting laboratory results than the usual "normal values". PMID- 7284103 TI - Interference of glucosamine and other aminosugars on blast transformation. AB - The effect of exogenous glucosamine and other aminosugars on the incorporation of 3H-leucine 3H-uridine and 3H-thymidine into mitogen induced lymphocytes was studied. D-glucosamine D-galactosamine and D-mannosamine inhibit the incorporation of these precursors into protein. RNA and DNA of blast cells. Glucose and pyruvate did not reverse this inhibition. Glucosamine - 6P, acetylglucosamine and acetylglucosamine and have shown a considerably lower inhibition in the uptake of these labeled precursors. PMID- 7284106 TI - Vagal effects on heart rate in rabbit, A preliminary report. PMID- 7284105 TI - [The rate of bone tissue deposition in the spongiosa of long bones subjected to mechanical overload]. AB - In three dogs of various age (8-11 months, 3 years), injected twice with Alizarin red (20 mg/Kg) 27 and 7 days before sacrifice, the linear appositional growth rate of bone tissue have been studied in the distal metaphysis and epiphysis of the right radius submitted to mechanical overload by removing a piece of the ulnar shaft. The normally loaded left radius was used as control. In the overloaded metaphysis the linear appositional growth rate appeared significantly increased in the peripherally located spongiosa; no change in the linear appositional accretion of bone tissue as compared to the control was observed in the deep-seated spongiosa and in the epiphysis. These findings are briefly discussed in connection with the role presumably played by the mechanical stresses on osteogenesis. PMID- 7284104 TI - [Experimental lesions in rats caused by polyvinylchloride (PVC) combustion]. PMID- 7284107 TI - Interference of sympathetic innervation with reactive hyperemia in dog's skeletal muscle. AB - The reactive hyperaemia (RH) after 30 sec arterial occlusion was studied in normal and chromically sympathectomized dog hindlimbs, under general chloralose anaesthesia. RH reached higher peak flow in the sympathectomized limbs, but the percent increase of flow was the same in both hindlimbs. The time course of RH was reduced in normal limbs, thus leading to a 35% decrease of the excess flow. The above results were explained on the basis of an economizing activity of the sympathetic basal tone on available oxygen due to effects on the microvasculature as well as on the cell metabolism. The autonomic tone is also responsible for steeper reduction of blood flow after RH in the normal limbs due to enhanced myogenic reaction. PMID- 7284108 TI - [The cytology of subretinal fluid in retinal detachment]. AB - The Authors discuss the ever topical problem of subretinal liquid genesis in patients affected with retinal detachment. For this and they study its cytology and in the light of the results they have obtained, they draw the following conclusion: 1. Cells are extremely rare. 2. Such cells are partly monocytes (roundish, with a large nucleus and positive esterases), partly histiocytes and hyalocytes (elongated or polygon-shaped, with cytoplasmatic extensions and negative esterases). PMID- 7284110 TI - [Treatment of unstable diabetes by continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin]. AB - In a group of seven brittle diabetic males, hospitalized, two kind of treatment has been compared: conventional insulin therapy (three daily injections) versus continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. A strike improvement of metabolic control has been reached with the latter procedure. It is concluded that this new type of treatment seems very useful in brittle diabetics. The possible benefit on diabetic complications remains to be investigated. PMID- 7284109 TI - [Applicability of cellulose acetate electrophoresis of globin chains to thalassemia screening]. AB - We considered the possible application of globin chain separation on cellulose acetate strips electrophoresis to thalassemia screening. The method shows good accuracy and reproducibility when compared with the chromatographic method on CM cellulose. The electrophoretic method could be recommended as the simplest test of hemoglobin biosynthesis in countries where high incidence of thalassemic syndromes occurs. PMID- 7284115 TI - [Neurological deficits after section of the intertectal commissure in the cat]. AB - The effects of cutting the intertectal commissure have been studied in three cats. After the operation all animals tended to look downwards, as if attracted by the ground. There was no paralysis of the head movements. However spontaneous vertical head movements necessary for exploring the space in front and especially above the animal were very rare. Visual field examination showed a clear neglect for stimuli presented in the upper hemifields. The intertectal commissure syndrome is interpreted as a consequence of a disruption of intertectal nervous circuits responsible for the exploration of the portion of the space above the animal's head. PMID- 7284113 TI - S-oxidation of thiobenzamide by rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7284112 TI - [In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of cefuroxime cefamandole and cephalexin on freshly isolated strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria]. AB - The Authors studied the antibacterial activity "in vitro" and "in vivo" of cefuroxime, cefamandole and cephalexin on the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains of recent isolation. The results showed a greater antibacterial activity of cefuroxime than the other two cephalosporins, mainly on the Gram negative beta-lactamase producing bacterial strains. PMID- 7284116 TI - [Vertical discrimination in a pure strain of mice (DBA). I]. AB - With the perspective of developing a model of field dependence in small mammals, 10 DBA mice were tested for their ability to choose between a vertical and 25 degree tilted alley in a tridimensional maze. Results have shown that when alternative strategies are prevented, mice have considerable difficulty in discriminating verticality on the basis of kinesthetic and visual cues. PMID- 7284114 TI - [Effect of reduced glutathione on carbon tetrachloride induced fatty liver: various considerations]. AB - The hepatic triglyceride accumulation produced by CCL4 poisoning is decreased in rats pretreated with reduce glutathione (GSH) as compared to the non pretreated ones. Such as decrease, however, is not matched by an increase in the release of triglycerides in the blood compartment. In the pretreated animals the endogenous mRNA directed incorporation of aminoacids into the microsomal protein as measured in vitro, is maintained at nearly the normal level 30 min after CCL4 poisoning, but it is strongly depressed 60 min after poisoning. The effectiveness of GSH in decreasing the level of hepatic triglycerides in the intoxicated animals could be ascribed, at least in part, to non specific mechanisms. In fact, the administration of GSH results in the decrease of liver triglycerides even in the non intoxicated rats. In these rats heart triglycerides are decreased too. PMID- 7284120 TI - [Coagulant and anticoagulant action of Vipera berus venom on human blood]. AB - The effect of Vipera berus venom on coagulation of human blood has been studied. PTT and coagulation time according to Quick of normal human plasma kept with Vipera berus venom (400 microgram/ml) for variable times have been misused. The venom has an immediate coagulant and, subsequently, anticoagulant effect. PMID- 7284119 TI - [The role of erythrocyte membrane carbohydrates in the determination of its elastic properties]. PMID- 7284121 TI - [R wave variations during the bicycle exercise test]. AB - R-wave changes have been measured in 90 normal subjects during exercise testing on the bicycle. We have found a 22,2% R-wave mean decrease in all the subjects independently from their age. This results, in our opinion, may be due to the heart volume decrease during dynamic exercise in normal subjects. In according to the Brody effect, heart volume reduction decrease radially orientated cardiac vectors and therefore QRS amplitude is reduced. PMID- 7284122 TI - [Effect of isometric force (handgrip) on R wave amplitude]. AB - We have measured R-wave amplitude during isometric stress-handgrip test in 30 normal subjects, without finding any significative variation. We believe, in according to our angiographic and echocardiographic experience, that such a behaviour is due to the absence of heart volume modification during handgrip test. PMID- 7284123 TI - [Staining with naphthol yellow S. 1. Evaluation of the Keq of the protein-dye binding reaction]. AB - A histochemical technique, using acid dye NY-S, for quantitative determination of proteins was tested using cultured cells fixed in a fixative mixture of methanol, acetic acid, formalin (85:5:10, v/v) and stained with increasing ratios of [Dye ]/[R-HN+3] for times up to 30 min. We attempted to evaluate the Keq of the binding reaction of NY-S to proteins. Using a Microphotometer Leitz M PV 2; we have not found the saturation level. We think that this is due either to the presence of secondary binding sites between dye and proteins and stacking phenomena of the dye, or to factors affecting measurements. PMID- 7284124 TI - [Staining with naphthol yellow S. 2. Study of the reversibility of the protein dye binding reaction]. AB - In the present work we studied the reversibility of the binding reaction of Naphthol Yellow S to proteins using a Testing Automatic System Leitz. We presently think that the NY-S staining procedure, can be used as a reliable quantitative method for the determination of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins only under standardized conditions: the ratio R = [Dye-] / [R-NH+3] must be more greater than 10; for staining periods shorter than 45 min, the slides, at equilibrium, must be mounted in dyeing solution; for quantitative determinations using irreversible bound dye, the staining period must be significantly longer than 45 min (see above) and differentiated in running water for several hours. PMID- 7284118 TI - [In vitro cytolysis mediated by NK effectors: modification of the susceptibility of the target cell by in vivo treatment with DTIC]. AB - An antigenically altered DTIC-treated tumor subline was tested for sensitivity to the cytotoxic activity of murine Natural Killer (NK) cells in comparison to that of the original (parental) tumor. Direct lysis assays and "cold" inhibition procedures showed that the DTIC-subline is consistently less susceptible to lysis that the parental tumor. PMID- 7284125 TI - [Afferent and efferent connections between the hypothalamus and raphe. Study using the technic of retrograde transport of peroxidases]. AB - Projections between rat lateral hypothalamus and dorsal and medial raphe nuclei were studied. Horse radish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into each of these structures and retrogradely labeled neurons were identified. Following HRP injections into lateral hypothalamus (LH) labeled neurons were found into medial and cortical amygdaloid nuclei (AME, ACO), into dorsal thalamic nucleus (MD), in the hippocampal gyrus (HPC) and into medial raphe nucleus (MR). Following HRP injections into medial (MR) and dorsal (DR) raphe nuclei, labeled neurons were found in medial, lateral and posterior hypothalamus. A functional circuit was supposed between midbrain raphe and hypothalamus. PMID- 7284117 TI - [Inclination of the visual field and postural deviations induced in CD1 mice. 2]. AB - The effect of conflicting visual and kinesthetic information on body position in the mice has been investigated. Riess et al. (1950) reported that rats posture was different for 10 degrees to the right us. 10 degrees to the left inclination of the visual field. Neither this nor other effects on body position were observed submitting random breed mice to a similar procedure suggesting that a cognitive difference exists between the two species. PMID- 7284126 TI - [A new perimetric technic for testing visual deficits in the cat]. PMID- 7284129 TI - [Epidemiological study of arterial hypertension in the population of Vasto]. PMID- 7284127 TI - [Preliminary studies of the effect of nifedipine on platelet aggregation induced with ADP]. PMID- 7284111 TI - The characterization of the area of rat mitochondrial DNA containing the large ribosomal RNA gene. AB - The base sequence of the Eco-RI D fragment from rat liver mtDNA, cloned in recombinant plasmid, has been analyzed, This fragment contains the genes for the 16SRNA of the large ribosomal subunit and the tRNA(Leu). Comparisons between these genes and corresponding regions either in other mitochondrial genomes or in E. coli DNA are presented, that allow some interesting evolutionary and phylogenetic considerations. PMID- 7284128 TI - [Combined evaluation of the therapeutic activity of nifedipine in coronary insufficiency alone and with hypertension]. PMID- 7284130 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct in hypertension]. PMID- 7284131 TI - [Pathological behavior of arterial pressure during the exercise test]. PMID- 7284134 TI - [Evaluation of the function of the His-Purkinje system in patients with intraventricular conduction defects: personal consideration]. PMID- 7284135 TI - [Behavior of HDL cholesterol in normal subjects and coronary disease patients: preliminary observations]. PMID- 7284137 TI - [Rupture of the interventricular septum in acute myocardial infarct: clinical and hemodynamic profile in 5 cases under our observation]. PMID- 7284136 TI - [Acyanotic tetralogy of Fallot. A case diagnosed at the age 56]. PMID- 7284132 TI - [Evaluation of sino-atrial function: comparison of 2 study methods]. PMID- 7284141 TI - [Changes in various echocardiographic indices in hypertension]. PMID- 7284133 TI - [Value of the use of dynamic in monitoring ambulatory patients: personal cases]. PMID- 7284138 TI - [Induced parasystole as a method of electrophysiological investigation]. PMID- 7284140 TI - [Platelet aggregation and blood catecholamines in healthy young persons after the exercise test]. PMID- 7284142 TI - [Apparent variations of the duration of the impulse delivered by a permanent pacemaker in the 1st days after its implantation]. PMID- 7284139 TI - [Effects of metoprolol and of the combination of metoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide arterial hypertension patients]. PMID- 7284143 TI - [Interruption of atrial flutter and supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia by temporary electrostimulation (personal case studies)]. PMID- 7284144 TI - [Evaluation of the function of the E.M. 169 Vario pacemaker]. PMID- 7284145 TI - [Diagnosis of myocardial infarct in presence of anterior fascicular block. Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic studies]. PMID- 7284146 TI - [Echocardiographic findings in 2 cases of extracardiac mass]. PMID- 7284147 TI - [Combination of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and hypertrophic myocardiopathy. Report of 2 new cases and review of literature]. PMID- 7284148 TI - [Common truncus arteriosus: uni- and bi-dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 7284150 TI - [The syndrome of hypertension of effort in the rehabilitation of patients with recent myocardial infarct. Problems of drug therapy]. PMID- 7284151 TI - [An angiographic method for visualization of the pulmonary arteries in cardiopathy with interruption of right ventricular outflow. Its use in study of the effects of surgical treatment]. PMID- 7284152 TI - [A case of aneurysm of the ventricular septum : echocardiographic and angiographic data]. PMID- 7284153 TI - [Systolic intervals in interatrial communication before and after surgery]. PMID- 7284149 TI - [Use of metoprolol and atenolol, singly or in combination with a diuretic, in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7284154 TI - [Volumetric study of the diastolic phase in normal subjects and coronary disease patients]. PMID- 7284157 TI - [Evaluation of ischemic damage in acute myocardial infarct, using the Frank orthogonal leads]. PMID- 7284155 TI - [Intracavitary electrophysiological study of sinus node function in humans after potassium overloading]. PMID- 7284158 TI - [Left ventricular function in intermediate thalassemia. A preliminary echographic study. I. Relaxation and compliance indices]. PMID- 7284156 TI - [Effect of phenoxybenzamine and verapamil on the increase of coronary resistance induced with ergometrine (ergonovine)]. PMID- 7284159 TI - [Left ventricular function in intermediate thalassemia. A preliminary echographic study. II Evaluation of contractility]. PMID- 7284160 TI - [Dynamic ECG monitoring in arrhythmias]. PMID- 7284161 TI - [Dynamic ECG monitoring in ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7284162 TI - [Study of systolic intervals in basic conditions and after bicycle ergometric exercise test, in subjects with symptomatic and asymptomatic mitral prolapse]. PMID- 7284164 TI - [Preliminary results of the action of long-term oral treatment with the di isobutyric ester of N-methyldopamine (SB 7505) in 10 patients with severe cardiocirculatory decompensation]. PMID- 7284163 TI - [Non-invasive evaluation of left ventricular function with systolic time intervals, in 8 normal subjects after oral treatment with di-isobutyric ester of N-methyldopamine]. PMID- 7284166 TI - [Dynamic electrocardiography in ambulatory cardiology practice]. PMID- 7284165 TI - [Lactate metabolism in the post-pacing period: prognostic significance in angina pectoris]. PMID- 7284169 TI - [A case of subacute bacterial endocarditis: clinical findings and instrumental study]. PMID- 7284167 TI - [Multifocal atrial tachycardia]. PMID- 7284168 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the dimensions of the left atrium and aortic root in normal adults and children]. PMID- 7284170 TI - [Prognosis of acute myocardial infarct: experience of hospital unit]. PMID- 7284171 TI - [Our experience in evaluating the function of valve prostheses by mechanocardiography and phonocardiography]. PMID- 7284172 TI - [Permanent pacemaker implantation through the subclavian vein]. PMID- 7284173 TI - [Relations between myocardial infarct, gastroduodenal ulcer and endarteritis obliterans]. PMID- 7284174 TI - [Evaluation of diastolic pressure of the left ventricle with the apex cardiogram]. PMID- 7284175 TI - [Subclavian steal syndrome: presentation of 2 clinical cases and critical considerations]. PMID- 7284176 TI - [Mitral prolapse and arrhythmias in 1000 "healthy" students. (II)]. PMID- 7284177 TI - [Use of the dynamic ECG in the diagnosis of spontaneous angina]. PMID- 7284178 TI - [Accuracy of the dynamic electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 7284179 TI - [Detection with the Holter method of asymptomatic arrhythmias and silent ischemias in myocardial infarct patients transferred from the coronary unit]. PMID- 7284180 TI - [The dynamic electrocardiogram in the rehabilitation of ischemic cardiopathic patients]. PMID- 7284181 TI - [Left ventricular function in chronic volume overload]. PMID- 7284182 TI - [Left ventricular function and wall kinetics. Role of radioisotopic angiocardiography]. PMID- 7284183 TI - [Cineangiographic study of the aortic valve in 80 subjects with congenital cardiopathy in childhood]. PMID- 7284185 TI - [Spectral analysis of cardiac acoustic phenomena]. PMID- 7284187 TI - [Effect of graduated doses of nifedipine on ADP-induced platelet aggregation]. PMID- 7284186 TI - [The QT interval in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7284184 TI - [Surgical treatment of akinetic zones of the left ventricle]. PMID- 7284188 TI - [Different aspects of the reflex cardiocirculatory response to activation of the muscle receptors during rhythmic and tetanic exercise]. PMID- 7284189 TI - [Marfan's myocardiopathy. Study of 11 cases]. PMID- 7284190 TI - [Changes in the response to the exercise test, after treatment, in young patients with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7284191 TI - [Idiopathic mitral valve prolapse and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline]. PMID- 7284192 TI - [Effects of training on the structure and function of the left ventricle in myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 7284193 TI - [Evaluation of treatments results in arterial hypertension obtained at 2 levels of intervention: the specialist center and basic medicine]. PMID- 7284194 TI - [Clinical use of bidimensional echocardiography in the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7284195 TI - [The significance of notches or bites in the vectorcardiogram. Study in cardiopathy caused by adriamycin]. PMID- 7284198 TI - [Indications, contraindications and limitations of the ergonovine maleate test in electrocardiography. Study of 210 cases]. PMID- 7284199 TI - [The dynamic ECG of premature infants in the 1st days of life]. PMID- 7284196 TI - [Occupational attitude and coronary risk factors]. PMID- 7284197 TI - [Monitoring anti-arrhythmic therapy with dynamic ECG and serum levels]. PMID- 7284201 TI - [Comparison of the effectiveness of amiodarone and quinidine in the prevention of arrhythmia]. PMID- 7284203 TI - [Vectorcardiographic abnormalities in subjects not affected by familial hypertrophic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7284202 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the long-term treatment of arterial hypertension with metoprolol]. PMID- 7284200 TI - [A proposed prognostico-functional classification of recent myocardial infarct by comparison of serial ergometric, echocardiographic and mechanographic evaluations]. PMID- 7284204 TI - [Cell kinetic studies on synchronized glioma cells in vitro with special reference to the mode of action of chemotherapeutic agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7284205 TI - [Effect of methylcobalamin (CH3-B12) on the growth and differentiation of cultured neural retinal cells of chicken embryos (author's transl)]. PMID- 7284206 TI - [Cerebellar infarction-early prediction to the operative indication of posterior fossa decompression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7284207 TI - [Extensive surgical removal of gliomas after radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7284208 TI - [The ultrastructure of a gangliocytoma (author's transl)]. AB - The tumor tissue removed surgically from the left parietal subcortical area of a 16-year-old boy was studied by light and electron microscopy. Our results were identical to cases reported previously. By light microscopy, the neoplasm was composed mostly of mature and immature ganglion cells and glial cells. Ganglion cells with large nuclei and prominent nucleoli had characteristic Nissl substance in various amounts and they were encompassed in a network of fibrous connective tissue. Glial cells were mainly oligodendrocytic. Astrocytes were small in number and did not show neoplastic growth. By electron microscopy, mature ganglion cells contained dense core vesicles in their cytoplasm and processes. The size of the vesicles ranged from 100 to 200 nm. Furthermore ganglion cells were surrounded by their own processes and also processes of glial cells. Ganglion cells were rarely found in synaptic contact with adjacent processes. Instead, oligodendrocytes were sometimes situated adjacent to these ganglion cells. These findings suggest that the tumor under study may be of hamartomatous origin. Aside from mature ganglion cells and glial cells, immature cells were present. From viewing the architecture of these immature cells, we concluded that they were also ganglion cells. PMID- 7284210 TI - [Effects of sera from patients with carcinomatous neuropathy on dorsal root ganglia cells in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 7284209 TI - [Relationship of cerebral vasculature to infarction following unilateral common carotid artery ligation in the Mongolian gerbils (author's transl)]. PMID- 7284211 TI - [Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) clinical consideration of CT and development of hydrocephalus after SAH (author's transl)]. AB - CT scans were used to evaluate the development of the hydrocephalus, periventricular hypodensity (PVH) and the degree of the brain damage on 33 patients with the normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), following the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and the following conclusion can be drawn from our study. 1) NPH occurs in 33 cases out of 156 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (21%), and there was a relatively high incidence of normal pressure hydrocephalus following rupture of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm. 2) Factors causing NPH may be the arterial vasospasms and subarachnoid blood clot of the basal cistern verified by CT. 3) According to the repeated CT and lumbar tap after SAH, PVH, and, hydrocephalus usually become apparent around 7-10 days and most prominent around 3-4 weeks after SAH except for acute hydrocephalus appeared immediately after severe SAH. 4) The results were compared with CT findings and clinical response to shunting. The clinical improvements were achieved in cases (85%), in which CT showed PVH, small brain damage in the frontal lobe due to vasospasms or intracerebral hematoma, and no cortical atrophy. 5) Repeated CT can give better informations on the development of hydrocephalus in cases of SAH and can provide the indication for a shunt. PMID- 7284212 TI - [Clinical study on spontaneous downbeat nystagmus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7284213 TI - [CT findings in the diagnosis of cerebral dominance for speech (author's transl)]. PMID- 7284215 TI - Adverse responses to i.v. anaesthetics. PMID- 7284214 TI - Lumbar extradural analgesia. PMID- 7284216 TI - Neostigmine and tubocurarine neuromuscular block. PMID- 7284217 TI - Pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7284218 TI - ADH concentrations and premedication. PMID- 7284221 TI - Suxamethonium-induced changes in serum creatine phosphokinase. PMID- 7284220 TI - Extradural analgesia: the influence of volume and concentration of bupivacaine on the mode of delivery, analgesic efficacy and motor block. AB - Five hundred and seventeen women in labour receiving extradural analgesia, using bupivacaine plain solution, were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Group A received 6-8ml of 0.5% solution, group B 10-14ml of 0.25% solution, and group C 6-8 ml of 0.25% solution. Spontaneous delivery occurred in 31.7% of patients in group A, 38.7% in group B and 53% in group C (P less than 0.001). The percentage of rotational forceps, ventouse and Caesarean section deliveries was similar in the three groups. Analgesia was most effective in group A, and at least in group C, both during labour and at delivery, although assessment by linear analogue score suggested that the differences between the three groups were slight. Motor block was most frequent and rapidly progressive in groups A, but was progressive in all groups, and after five or more top-up injections, was similar in the three groups. Difficulties with micturition following delivery were significantly more common in group A. PMID- 7284223 TI - Physicochemical changes during haemorrhage and following infusion. AB - Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and plasma colloid osmotic pressure (plasma COP) were measured in dogs following acute haemorrhage and following the infusion of saline, 10% dextra 40 in saline and 3% dextran 40 in lactated Ringer's solution. Exsanguination decreased IFP, plasma COP and total plasma protein and albumin concentrations, and increased plasma glucose concentration and osmotic pressure. A massive infusion of physiological saline increased IFP, and decreased plasma COP and total plasma protein and albumin concentrations. The volume of saline infused correlated with the increase in IFP. When a 10% dextran 40 saline solution was used, there was a marked increase in plasma COP but a decrease in IFP. When 3% dextran 40 in lactated Ringer's solution was infused, IFP was little affected in the early stage, but gradually increased thereafter. Plasma COP increased slightly immediately after infusion, but remained near the pre exsanguination value for at least 3 h. PMID- 7284224 TI - Rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria and hyperpyrexia caused by suxamethonium in a child with increased serum creatine kinase concentrations. PMID- 7284219 TI - Jet ventilation for laryngeal microsurgery. PMID- 7284225 TI - Use of sodium nitroprusside for deliberate hypotension during pregnancy. PMID- 7284222 TI - Problems in anaesthesia for huge thyroid goitres. PMID- 7284226 TI - Continuous pain relief for multiple fractured ribs. PMID- 7284227 TI - Malignant hyperthermia syndrome in an anxious patient. AB - A 30-yr-old patient with fulminant ulcerative colitis was anaesthetized on three occasions, for colectomy and rectal stump removal. The first anaesthesia, with droperidol and fentanyl and pancuronium neuromuscular block, was uneventful. Addition of suxamethonium on the second occasion and use of the original drugs plus nitrous oxide for the third anaesthesia produced symptoms of MH, which was confirmed by muscle biopsy. There was no hyperthermia. The patient's admitted anxiety before the last two operations is believed to have played a role in the genesis of MH. PMID- 7284228 TI - A simple air sampling technique for monitoring nitrous oxide pollution. AB - A simple, inexpensive device for the continuous low-flow sampling of air was devised to permit monitoring of pollution by gaseous anaesthetics. The device consisted of a water-filled Perspex cylinder in which a double-walled flexible film gas sample collection bag was suspended. Air samples could be aspirated into the collection bag at flow rates of as low as 1 ml min-1 by allowing the water to drain from the cylinder at a controlled rate. The maintenance of sample integrity with aspiration and storage of samples of nitrous oxide in air at concentrations of 1000, 100 and 30 p.p.m. v/v was examined using gas chromatography. The sample bags retained a mean 94% of the nitrous oxide in air samples containing nitrous oxide 25 p.p.m. over a 72-h storage period. PMID- 7284229 TI - Walter Hubert Lecture, Towards a strategy for the detection of industrial carcinogens. PMID- 7284230 TI - Nutrient intakes in relation to cancer incidence in Hawaii. AB - A representative sample of 4657 adults greater than or equal to 45 years of age from the 5 main ethnic groups in Hawaii (Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos and Hawaiians) were interviewed during 1977-1979 regarding their diets. Quantitative food-consumption histories were obtained, from which average daily intakes of fat (saturated, unsaturated, cholesterol, meat, dairy, fish, animal, vegetable and total), protein (animal, meat, fish, dairy and total), carbohydrate, and vitamins A and C (including supplements) were calculated using food-consumption data from standard sources. Multiple regression analysis, with sex as a controlled variable, was used to assess the statistical relationship between these ethnic-sex-specific intakes and corresponding population-based cancer incidence rates of 15 selected sites for which nutrient components are suspected to be either causal or protective. Based on pre-set criteria for establishing important relationships, significant positive associations were found for 6 of the cancer sites: breast cancer with fat (saturated, unsaturated, animal, total) and protein (animal), corpus-uteri cancer with the same components as breast cancer, prostate cancer with fat (saturated, animal) and protein (animal, total), stomach cancer with fat (fish only) and protein (fish only), lung cancer with cholesterol, and laryngeal cancer with cholesterol. Breast and corpus-uteri cancers also showed significant negative associations with carbohydrate intake. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed. PMID- 7284231 TI - Recent trends in mortality from prostate cancer in male populations of Australia and England and Wales. AB - Mortality rates from cancer of the prostate in successive periods from 1908 to 1978 in Australia, and 1911 to 1977 in England and Wales, have been examined for trends with time and birth cohort. Age-specific rates and a proportional hazards model, designed to isolate the effect of birth cohort from those of calendar year and age, were used in the analysis. During the period of study, age-standardized mortality rose more than 5-fold in Australian men compared to just over 3-fold in men in England and Wales. In both countries the increases occurred almost entirely before 1960, with relative stability in age-standardized rates since then. The trends in mortality with year of birth were similar in the two sets of data. The risk of death from prostate cancer increased with successive birth cohorts to reach a peak in men born around 1865-1880 in Australia and men born around 1876-1896 in England and Wales. Males born later experienced a continuing reduction in rates, with the exception of age groups between 50 and 69 in which a further increase has appeared, starting with cohorts born after 1910. On the basis of current knowledge of the aetiology of prostate cancer, possible relationships between changes in sexual practices and prostate-cancer risk in successive generations have been explored. It is suggested that lowered sexual activity during the Great Depression may account for the recent cohort-based increases in mortality in middle-aged men. PMID- 7284232 TI - Measurement of self-renewal in culture of clonogenic cells from human ovarian carcinoma. AB - To test the identity of human tumour clonogenic cells and stem cells, a procedure was developed to allow quantitation of self-renewal capacity of human ovarian carcinoma clonogenic cells. Primary colonies grown from malignant effusions of 10 patients were disaggregated and replated; secondary colonies were observed to be similar to primary colonies in size, morphology and culture requirements. Density gradient separation of tumour-cell populations demonstrated that not all primary clonogenic cells are capable of self-renewal during clonal expansion. Patient-to patient variation in self-renewal capacity was shown to be significantly correlated with the concentration of the tumour-cell population in the effusion fluid, and preliminary evidence of a progressive increase in self-renewal was found in one patient. It was concluded that some, but not all, ovarian-tumour clonogenic cells have the stem-cell property of self-renewal, and that quantitation of such a property may identify an important prognostic variable. PMID- 7284233 TI - Five human tumour cell lines derived from a primary squamous carcinoma of the tongue, two subsequent local recurrences and two nodal metastases. AB - Five tumour cell lines have been derived from a primary squamous carcinoma of the tongue, from 2 subsequent local recurrences, and from 2 lymph-node metastases- all from the same patient. While the cell lines shared many morphological and biochemical characteristics, those derived from recurrences and metastases appeared to be less differentiated, were less well organized in culture, and displayed fewer desmosomes and tonofilaments than cells in the primary tumour line. A recurrent line showing greatest morphological divergence from the primary tumour line also demonstrated the greatest differences at the ultrastructural level, in increased production of plasminogen activator and in the composition of cell-surface glycoproteins. PMID- 7284234 TI - Application of monoclonal antibodies to purified CEA in clinical radioimmunoassay of human serum. AB - Double-antibody radioimmunoassay using a mouse monoclonal anti-CEA (MA/1) has been used to measure CEA in human serum. Low levels of MA/1-binding CEA have been found in serum from normal individuals and moderately raised levels are sometimes associated with certain non-malignant diseases. As with conventional anti-CEA, the MA/1 antibodies can recognize significant amounts of CEA in serum from patients with a variety of solid tumours. However they appear to recognize a different immunodeterminant and possibly a different population of CEA molecules to, or a subset of, those measured by two routine assays. Studies in which the MA/1 assay was directly compared with the results of the Charing Cross routine and Abbott EIA assays have indicated that different immunological forms of CEA may be expressed in the course of tumour progression but no prognostic value was evident in this study. Our results stress the need to resolve immunological specificities expressed by CEA-like molecules and evaluate their clinical importance. PMID- 7284235 TI - Relationship of serum CEA levels to tumour size and CEA content in nude mice bearing colonic-tumour xenografts. AB - The relationship of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels to tumour size and antigen content was studied in nude mice bearing well differentiated, mucinous human colonic-tumour xenografts. Blood samples were taken from normal nude mice and others bearing xenografts, whose size had been calculated from in vivo measurements; saline and KCl extracts were made of a proportion of these tumours. Sera and tissue extracts were assayed for CEA activity by double antibody radioimmunoassay. Extracts were also made from the livers and spleens of tumour-bearing and normal nude mice. All normal sera and 78% of sera from tumour bearing animals had CEA values less than 11.4 ng/ml. No clear correlation was found between serum CEA levels greater than 11.4 ng/ml and tumour size or weight, or between serum CEA and tumour CEA concentrations or total CEA burden. The concentration of CEA in those tumours tested varied from 1 to 22 microgram/g. Our results confirm and extend the conclusions reached by others (Stragand et al., 1980) studying the significance of serum CEA levels with xenograft model systems. The complexity of factors contributing to circulating CEA is discussed in the light of our findings. PMID- 7284240 TI - Oestrogen-receptor status and sites of metastasis in breast cancer. AB - The oestrogen receptor (RE) status of the primary tumour has been assessed in 466 of a consecutive series of 550 patients with primary operable breast cancer. All patients were followed up (without treatment) until the development of recurrence or metastases. Distant metastases have so far occurred in 124 patients and 82 have had symptomatic local or regional recurrence. A significant correlation exists between the RE status of the primary tumour and subsequent patterns of metastasis. Symptomatic metastases to regional lymph nodes are more common with RE- cancers. There is no significant difference in either time of onset or total incidence of distant metastases between patients with RE+ and RE- tumours. Distribution of distant metastases is influenced by RE status: RE+ tumours tend to recur in bone, RE- tumours show affinity for viscera. PMID- 7284238 TI - Tumour-necrosis factor from the rabbit. V. Synthesis in vitro by mononuclear phagocytes from various tissues of normal and BCG-injected rabbits. AB - Tumour-necrosis factor (TNF) is an anti-tumour factor released into the serum of BCG-primed rabbits after i.v. injection of endotoxin. Although negligible amounts of TNF are produced in normal, unprimed animals after endotoxin injection, monocytes from these rabbits can produce TNF after endotoxin challenge in vitro. This paper (a) establishes the optimal conditions for TNF production in vitro by mononuclear phagocytes from various tissues and (b) compares tissues from normal and BCG-injected rabbits for TNF production in vitro. Optimal amounts of TNF are produced by mononuclear phagocytes in the presence of endotoxin. The TNF is newly synthesized, mainly in the first 7 h of culture, and has similar gel-filtration and ion exchange behaviour irrespective of its source. For both normal and BCG injected rabbits, alveolar and peritoneal macrophages are the most potent producers, followed by blood monocytes, spleen macrophages and marrow cells. The liver is also an important site of TNF synthesis. In the tissues of BCG-injected rabbits there are more mononuclear phagocytes than in normal rabbits, and these cells have enhanced capacity to produce TNF. Taking both factors into account it can be calculated that, after injection of endotoxin in vivo, over 20 X more TNF would be produced by BCG rabbits than normal rabbits, assuming that the major sources of production are the lungs, blood, spleen and liver. PMID- 7284241 TI - Ineffectiveness of levamisole as adjuvant to surgery with two lines of transplanted rat colonic carcinoma. PMID- 7284239 TI - Anaemia in patients with solid tumours and the role of erythrocyte deformability. AB - The deformability of erythrocytes, which is a factor of utmost importance both for capillary perfusion and for determining erythrocyte life span, has been studied in patients with solid tumours and in healthy subjects. Deformability was significantly decreased in all patients, especially those with anaemia. In this latter group of patients, carboxyhaemoglobin saturation of blood (COHb), reflecting erythrocyte haemoglobin breakdown, was also significantly increased, and this increase was closely correlated with the degree of impaired deformability of the erythrocytes. In the group of patients without anaemia, where erythrocyte deformability was also impaired, no such correlation was found. In 4 patients with Hodgkin's disease and fever as part of B symptoms, erythrocyte deformability decreased during fever and returned to normal when fever subsided. In 2 of these patients the administration of a prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor (indomethacin) evoked a deformability, which was even better than during periods without fever. Since fever in Hodgkin patients with B symptoms has been attributed to the production of prostaglandins, these results may suggest a relationship between prostaglandin production and erythrocyte deformability in patients with malignant tumours. The close correlation between the degree of decrease in erythrocyte deformability and COHb levels in the patients with anaemia might indicate a role for prostaglandins in the production of anaemia of malignancy. PMID- 7284237 TI - Characterization of a very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-associated cytotoxic factor. AB - A VLDL-associated cytotoxic factor was isolated from sera of pregnant rats and characterized. The inhibitory effect of this factor on the macromolecular synthesis of rat prostate adenocarcinoma cells (PA-III) was also examined. VLDL (Sf 20-400) was subfractionated by differential ultracentrifugal flotation and the Sf 100-400 fraction was associated with most of the oncolytic activity. Chemical analysis of serum VLDL at various stages of pregnancy indicated that the 4 major constituents of VLDL (protein, triglyceride, cholesterol, and phospholipid), and the cytotoxic titre, were increased significantly before parturition and restored to normal levels by 24 h post partum. The delipidation of lyophilized VLDL by n-heptane suggested that the cytotoxic component was associated with the neutral lipid core of VLDL. Kinetic studies of colony inhibition and the incorporation of radioactive thymidine and leucine into 10% TCA precipitates of PA-III cells showed that VLDL induced irreparable cellular damage during the initial 15 h of incubation. The cytotoxic activity of VLDL was not due to the association with PGF2 alpha, beta-oestradiol, progesterone, 25 hydroxycholesterol, or free fatty acids (oleic, stearic, palmitic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids), monopalmitolein, elaidyl and alpha-linolenyl alcohol. The role of this factor in host defence against neoplasia is discussed. PMID- 7284242 TI - A vindesine-anti-CEA conjugate cytotoxic for human cancer cells in vitro. PMID- 7284236 TI - Differential immune reactivity of tumour-intrinsic and peripheral-blood lymphocytes against autoplastic colorectal carcinoma cells. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were obtained from 13 patients and tumour intrinsic lymphocytes (TIL) from 20 patients with colorectal cancer. The PBL were separated on a Ficoll-Isopaque gradient and the TIL by digestion of the tumour with collagenase-DNase. Both PBL and TIL were passed through nylon-wool columns and the eluted cells were co-cultured for 2 h with 51Cr-labelled tumour cells from the same patient. If patients in whom spontaneous 51Cr release from the tumour cells was greater than 33% were excluded, PBL showed cytotoxicity for the autoplastic tumour cells in 5/10 cases and TIL in 3/10 cases (NS). In 12 cases the cytotoxicity of the TIL was compared with that for TIL from the same tumour after the lymphocytes had been washed a further 6 times in Medium 199. Three effector: target (E/T) ratios, 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1, were used. The proportion of effector populations showing cytotoxicity was 2/12 for unwashed TIL and 9/12 for washed TIL (P less than 0.006). At the 5:1 E/T ratio the level of cytotoxicity was not significantly greater for washed TIL, but at the 10:1 ratio washed TIL showed significantly more cytotoxicity (P less than 0.025. At the 20:1 E/T ratio, a comparison was possible in 15 cases and the washed TIL again showed greater cytotoxicity (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7284243 TI - Establishment of a cell line of human skin squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. AB - A cell line of a squamous cell carcinoma of human skin (HSC-I) has been established in vitro, and successfully maintained proliferative in continuous tissue culture for about 2 1/2 years since March 1978. Another cell line (HSC-Ib) has been established in vitro from the recurrence of the same cancer. It has been maintained for about 8 months since December 1979. 3T3 feeders were used in the initial cultures in both cases. The cells grow in a monolayer in vitro and are epithelioid with anaplastic features. Chromosome analysis of HSC-I, frozen and thawed HSC-I, the transplanted tumour in a nude mouse and HSC-Ib all showed hypotetraploidy with the modal number 80, which reconfirms that HSC-I derives from the original skin tumour. The cell line is available to other investigators. PMID- 7284244 TI - Genome and chromosome mutations in porphyria cutanea tarda. AB - Spontaneous genome mutations in ten patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) amounted to 1.02% as compared to 0.36% in the control group of healthy individuals (P less than 0.01). Spontaneous structural chromosome aberrations in patients were seen in 2.39% of the examined cells versus 0.70% in the cells of controls (P less than 0.01). The increased percentage of cells with spontaneous genome and chromosome mutations in patients with PCT cannot be associated with alcohol only. PMID- 7284247 TI - Pancreatic exocrine function in systemic sclerosis. AB - Lundh tests of pancreatic exocrine function were performed on twenty unselected patients with systemic sclerosis. Three patients had very low levels of tryptic activity in their intestinal juice and only nine had results which were unequivocally normal. Eight patients had biochemical steatorrhoea, but in six this was associated with intestinal bacterial overgrowth and a seventh had primary biliary cirrhosis. The remaining patient had no cause for steatorrhoea other than the marked pancreatic insufficiency which had been demonstrated. Although pancreatic damage may contribute to malabsorption in systemic sclerosis, it appears to be less important than other factors such as intestinal bacterial overgrowth. PMID- 7284245 TI - Alopecia areata and auto-immunity. AB - The prevalence of auto-antibodies against thyroid constituents, gastric parietal cells, smooth muscle cells, mitochondria, reticulin, nuclear constituents and rheumatoid factor in 108 patients with alopecia areata was compared with that found in a previous survey of the local population. Female patients had a significantly increased prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies which were present in 30% overall and in 44% of the youngest age group (11-17 years). Smooth muscle antibodies were more frequent in female patients but the increase was not significant. Male patients had a significant increased prevalence of thyroid and gastric parietal cell antibodies (11.4% each). In females, antithyroid antibodies were associated with extensive hair loss: they were found in 42% of female patients with total alopecia and only 20% of males with total hair loss. A family history of alopecia areata was obtained from 24% of patients; 10% had relatives with thyroid disease and 10% had diabetic relatives. These findings confirm the association between alopecia areata and the other auto-immune diseases. PMID- 7284246 TI - Detection of immune complexes in systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - Phagocytosed immune complexes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes of nineteen patients with Raynaud's phenomenon were detected by scoring the cells for IgG and C3 inclusions. Parallel estimations of circulating immune complexes were made by liquid phase C1q binding and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation methods. The results were compared with the degree of cold stress-induced vasospasm measured by quantified infra-red thermography. Thirteen of nineteen patients with Raynaud's phenomenon compared with only one of seventeen normal controls showed significantly elevated levels of phagocytosed IgG. The correlation of IgG and C3 scores for individual patients was high and the IgG and C3 scores correlated well with the thermographic assessment of the severity of the Raynaud's phenomenon. Two of the patients had elevated levels of circulating immune complexes detectable by raised levels of C1q binding, four patients had raised IgG and three patients raised IgM complexes detectable by PEG precipitation. None of the controls had elevated levels of circulating immune complexes detectable by either method. There was no correlation between the levels of circulating and phagocytosed immune complexes. PMID- 7284248 TI - Zoon's balanitis (balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis). AB - The clinical and histopathological features of nineteen cases of Zoon's balanitis and a comparable lesion of the vulva have been reviewed. The condition is particularly distinguished by characteristic histological changes affecting the epidermis and the dermal vasculature. The presence of a plasma cell infiltrate is relatively non-specific. Recognition of these features should allow simple differentiation from premalignant, infective and other inflammatory penile lesions which may be more responsive to treatment. PMID- 7284249 TI - The influence of 'Tigason' (Ro 10-9359) on the serum lipoproteins in man. AB - Eight patients with psoriasis or Darier's disease were studied during 1-3 months of 'Tigason' treatment (0.7-0.8 mg/kg body weight). The levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in whole serum and in different lipoprotein fractions were repeatedly determined. Before treatment all lipid values were within the normal range. During treatment the values changed gradually and five of the eight patients developed pathological VLDL triglyceride concentrations. A significant increase of VLDL cholesterol and a decrease in the HDL cholesterol was also noted. Until more information is available, prolonged treatment periods with 'Tigason' should perhaps be avoided, at least in high risk patients. PMID- 7284251 TI - Disappearance of epidermal Langerhans cells during PUVA therapy. AB - The numbers and morphological appearance of epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) were studied in twenty-five patients with psoriasis receiving treatment with 8 methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and long wavelength UV irradiation (UV-A) (PUVA). After a single exposure, LCs showed loss of fine dendritic processes. Repeated treatments resulted in a reduction of the number of LCs from the mean pretreatment value of 713/mm2 to less than 60/mm2 after seven treatments. The number of LCs remained low while treatment continued for up to 4 weeks. This finding may explain the impaired contact hypersensitivity observed in patients with psoriasis receiving PUVA therapy. PMID- 7284250 TI - Unilateral systematized keratosis follicularis. A variant of Darier's disease or an epidermal naevus (acantholytic dyskeratotic epidermal naevus)? PMID- 7284252 TI - Current concepts in the mode of action of anthralin in the treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 7284253 TI - Penetration studies of topical anthralin. PMID- 7284254 TI - Skin permeability of anthralin. PMID- 7284255 TI - Treatment of psoriasis vulgaris: gentleness to the entire psoriatic skin and the use of low concentrations of anthralin. PMID- 7284256 TI - Innovative use of anthralin. An overview of past, present and future developments. PMID- 7284259 TI - Physico-chemical properties and stability of anthralin in interaction with albumin, in suction blister fluid and intact human epidermis. PMID- 7284260 TI - Pharmaceutical formulations of anthralin. PMID- 7284257 TI - Anthralin and its acetyl esters: spectroscopic properties and enzyme inhibitory activity. PMID- 7284258 TI - Anthralin: chemical instability and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition. PMID- 7284261 TI - Editorial: anthralin--the challenge. PMID- 7284263 TI - Anthralin cytotoxicity. PMID- 7284264 TI - Effects of anthralin and analogues on growth and [3H] thymidine incorporation in human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7284265 TI - Inhibition of DNA replication and repair cultured humans cells by anthralin or danthron. PMID- 7284266 TI - Determination of anthralin in commercial ointments. PMID- 7284262 TI - New chemical stabilizers, vehicles and delivery systems to enhance efficacy of low strength anthralin formulations. PMID- 7284268 TI - Calorimetric and manometric measurements on human skin fibroblasts in culture. PMID- 7284267 TI - Structure specificity of the antipsoriatic anthrones. AB - In the investigations of Krebs and Schaltegger between 1964 and 1972 on the structure specificity of the antipsoriatic anthrones it could be shown that at least a 1-hydroxy-9-anthrone is necessary for their efficacy. This structure was then called "minimum structure of the antipsoriatic anthrones'. Since even very minor changes of this structure in most cases lead to inactive compounds, only a few antipsoriatic anthrones have been found so far. Their most important representative chrysarobin, anthralin and I-hydroxy-9-anthrone have been known for more than 60 years. The later discovered antipsoriatic anthralin derivatives, triacetoxy-anthracene and 10-acyl-anthralin, are probably hydrolysed in the skin and thus act as their parent compound anthralin. The strong structure-activity dependence of the antipsoriatic anthrones seems to include a highly specific and complex mechanism of action. PMID- 7284270 TI - The role of anthralin in mouse skin tumour promotion. PMID- 7284271 TI - Antipsoriatic therapy and skin cancer. PMID- 7284269 TI - Effect of anthralin on stratum corneum antigenicity and polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis. PMID- 7284272 TI - Basic questions on toxicology and pharmacology of anthralin. PMID- 7284273 TI - Ingram method: the precursor of photochemotherapy. PMID- 7284274 TI - Pharmacological studies of anthralin erythema. PMID- 7284275 TI - Factors influencing anthralin erythema. PMID- 7284276 TI - Thermographic analyses of anthralin and UV-B exposed human skin. PMID- 7284278 TI - A tandem random walk model for psychological discrimination. PMID- 7284277 TI - Clearance of chronic plaque psoriasis by anthralin-subjective and objective assessment and comparison with photochemotherapy. PMID- 7284279 TI - The role of salivary progesterone in studies of infertile women. AB - Fifteen women with normal menstrual cycles, dated by accepted criteria, had salivary progesterone concentrations during the luteal phase of the cycle which were significantly higher than those in the follicular phase. Progesterone concentrations in matched samples of plasma and saliva showed excellent correlation in both normal and infertile women. Salivary progesterone profiles derived from daily sampling of 20 infertile patients not only allowed accurate assessment of ovarian dysfunction but also indicated more effectively than conventional techniques the change in hormonal status following ovulation induction therapy with clomiphene citrate or bromocriptine. PMID- 7284281 TI - Choice of ecbolic and the morbidity of day-case terminations of pregnancy. AB - In 103 women admitted for out-patient vaginal terminations of pregnancy, the relation was investigated between the use of ecbolics and blood loss, vomiting and other side effects. Patient self-rating was incorporated in the study for comparative purposes. Use of a combined preparation of oxytocin and ergometrine resulted in the lowest blood losses. Ergometrine administered alone was associated with immediate nausea and vomiting but no delayed effects. Seven days after abortion, 35% of the women were still complaining of vaginal bleeding, although in most the volume was low. PMID- 7284280 TI - A rapid luteinizing hormone radioimmunoassay for the prediction of ovulation. PMID- 7284282 TI - Long-term symptomatic and cystometric cure of the urge incontinence syndrome using a technique of bladder re-education. PMID- 7284283 TI - Pelvic actinomycosis causing ureteric obstruction. Case reports. PMID- 7284285 TI - Myometrial haemangioma. A rare cause of severe menorrhagia. Case report. PMID- 7284287 TI - A comparison of plasma prostaglandin levels in term and preterm labour. PMID- 7284284 TI - Carcinoma of the Fallopian tube treated with a combination of surgery and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Case report. PMID- 7284286 TI - Non-endocrine carcinoid tumour of the uterine cervix: aspects of diagnosis and treatment. Case report. AB - A case of primary well-differentiated carcinoid tumour of the uterine cervix in a Chinese woman of 62 years without endocrine symptoms is reported and its clinico pathological features, ultrastructure and response to radiotherapy discussed. To our knowledge, it is the first of such cases seen in Hong Kong. Clinically, it presented as a polypoid lesion. The initial diagnosis was squamous carcinoma of cervix stage Ib and the patient was treated with radiotherapy. The tumour disappeared after application of first intracavitary irradiation of 4500 mg h. After completion of 9000 mg h, Wertheim hysterectomy followed and no residual tumour was found. Retrospective staining of the pre-irradiation cervical tumour by Grimelius method was positive for argyrophil granules and electron microscopic study demonstrated neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm and established the diagnosis. PMID- 7284288 TI - Late third trimester unconjugated serum oestriol levels in normal and hypertensive pregnancy: relation to birth weight. AB - In 100 normal singleton pregnancies and in 44 patients with pregnancy hypertension (pre-eclampsia) linear regression analyses demonstrated highly significant positive correlations between birth weights and late third trimester maternal serum unconjugated oestriol (O3) levels. Correlation coefficients increased, though not significantly, after standardising birth weights according to maternal size, parity and sex of infant. Pregnancy hypertension was classified according to the duration of clinical signs. In 23 patients with short duration pregnancy hypertension (onset 14 days or less before delivery) neither maternal age nor birth weight differed from normal controls. Mid-pregnancy weights were greater and unconjugated O3 levels lower and only one infant was growth retarded. Twenty one patients with long duration pregnancy hypertension (onset more than 14 days before delivery) were found on average to be heavier at mid-pregnancy and older than those in whom the condition was short-lived. Unconjugated O3 levels in patients with long duration hypertension were significantly below those in the short duration group. One third of infants born following long duration hypertension were growth retarded. PMID- 7284289 TI - Fetal electroencephalography using a new, flexible electrode. AB - A single flexible active electrode for monitoring the fetal electroencephalogram (FEEG), has been designed specifically for use in routine obstetrics. It does not require penetration of or adherence to the fetal scalp, and it is reusable. The equipment's performance has been tested in 20 normal labours. The recordings obtained were not contaminated by the fetal electrocardiogram and were relatively free from artefact so that minimal filtering of the signal was required. No FEEG signal was obtained if the electrode was applied to breech presentations. The trace obtained from a healthy fetus was comparable with that recorded after delivery. PMID- 7284290 TI - Anthropometric and biochemical changes during pregnancy in Asian and European mothers having well grown babies. AB - At this hospital, about a third of all mothers are Asian. Although generally they have smaller and lighter babies, many Asian mothers achieve similar standards of intrauterine growth to the European mother. This paper describes the nutritional status of Asian and European mothers having well grown babies. Twenty eight European and 11 Asian mothers, who had a normal past obstetric history and a normal present pregnancy resulting in a well grown baby, were studied throughout pregnancy. At each visit, weight, skinfold thickness, and mid-upper arm circumference were measured and biochemical measurements of nutritional status were performed (serum albumin, transferrin and alkaline ribonuclease, plasma amino acids and nitrogen partition of urine). Asian mothers were fatter than European mothers at booking and put on more fat during the second trimester. At the same time, the biochemical tests suggested that the Asian mothers had a higher plane of nutrition. It seems that if the Asian mothers are well nourished in the second trimester, they can achieve a standard of intrauterine growth comparable to the Europeans. PMID- 7284291 TI - Anthropometric and biochemical changes during pregnancy in Asian and European mothers having light for gestational age babies. AB - An assessment of nutritional status using anthropometric and biochemical measurements was made during pregnancy in 8 European and 15 Asian women who produced babies which were light for gestational age. These results were compared with similar measurements in women of both races with normal or pathological pregnancies (hypertension or bleeding) who produced babies of normal size. European mothers of light for gestational age babies with one exception had pregnancies complicated by pathology. They were heavy and fat but apart from urinary peptide hydroxyproline (which was reduced), no other biochemical measurement was specifically associated with poor intrauterine growth. Asian mothers of light for gestational age babies mostly had pregnancies not complicated by obstetric pathology. They gained less weight and fat during the second trimester and during the third trimester, they had biochemical evidence of a poorer nutritional status. Some of the biochemical changes were also noted in pathological pregnancies even though the mothers gained weight and fat normally and had well grown babies. PMID- 7284293 TI - The subcellular localization of administered N-acetylneuraminic acid in the brains of well-fed and protein restricted rats. AB - 1. This study investigated the subcellular localization of injected N acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) in brain. Forty pregnant rats were distributed into four groups. Two groups were given a 200 g casein/kg diet and the other two groups a 100 g casein/kg diet throughout gestation. One group from each of the low- and high-protein groups were given their respective diets for the first 11 d of lactation. On day 12 of lactation, 2.5 microCi [14]NeuNAc/kg body-weight were injected intraperitoneally into their pups. After 1 h the pups were killed, their brains removed and subjected to subcellular fractionation. On day 16 of lactation the other two groups were similarly treated. 2. In all groups of animals 80% of the [14C]NeuNAc incorporated into the brains was found in the synaptosomal fraction and the remainder distributed among the other subcellular fractions in proportion to their total NeuNAc content. 3. These results suggest that NeuNAc exerts its effects on behaviour via the synaptic membrane. PMID- 7284294 TI - The effect of guar gum on the viscosity of the gastrointestinal contents and on glucose uptake from the perfused jejunum in the rat. AB - 1. Male Wistar rats were meal-fed for at least 10 d a control semi-synthetic diet containing no guar gum, or one of three similar test diets containing 3, 10 or 20 g dry guar gum/kg. 2. Rats were killed 6 h after feeding, and contents of stomach, small and large intestine were collected separately. The apparent viscosities of stomach and small intestine contents from animals fed on diets containing 10 and 20 g guar gum/kg were increased relative to control animals, but large intestine contents were unchanged. 3. In the second part of this study, male Wistar rats were anaesthetized and two consecutive lengths of jejunum were perfused, initially with Ringer only (control) or Ringer plus 5 or 6 g guar gum/1 (test). Following this pre-perfusion, both segments were perfused with Ringer containing glucose (10 mM), [3H]glucose and [14C]inulin, and the rate of glucose absorption was determined. 4. The rate of glucose absorption was decreased relative to control values in segments pre-perfused with both 5 and 6 g guar gum/1 solution, but this reduction was significant only in the instance of the 6 g/l solution (P less than 0.001). 5. These results provide evidence to support previous assumptions that ingestion of guar gum will increase the apparent viscosity of the contents of the stomach and small intestine. We propose that a possible mechanism by which guar reduces post-prandial glycaemia is a reduction of glucose absorption from the small intestine, resulting from an increase in viscosity of the contents. PMID- 7284292 TI - Effects of essential fatty acid deficiency during late gestation on brain N acetylneuraminic acid metabolism and behaviour in the progeny. AB - 1. Rat dams given a diet containing 100 g maize oil/kg for approximately two weeks before mating and during the first 14 d of gestation, were given the same diet or one containing 100 g hydrogenated coconut oil/kg (essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient) in place of maize oil until parturition. After parturition the dams were given the same diets and all progeny were weaned to the maize oil diet at 21 d of age. Brain N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) content as well as neuraminidase (sialidase; (EC 3.2.1.18), and cytidine monophosphate N acetylneuraminic acid synthetase (CMP-NeuNAc synthetase) activities were measured at days, 7, 14, 21 and 168 in the progeny. Y-maze learning was measured at 168 d. 2. Brain weight was independent of dietary fat at all ages. 3. Lack of EFA in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation depressed ganglioside and glycoprotein NeuNAc levels and the activities of sialidase and CMP-NeuNAc synthetase. 4. Maternal dietary deprivation of EFA irreversibly impaired learning behaviour of the progeny. A relationship exists between early exposure to EFA deficiency and learning potential of the progeny. PMID- 7284295 TI - Riboflavin deficiency in man: effects on haemoglobin and reduced glutathione in erythrocytes of different ages. AB - 1. Erythrocytes (RBC) from control and marginally riboflavin-deficient subjects were fractionated into nine fractions using a discrete density gradient. 2. Glutathione reductase (NAD(P)H: glutathione oxidoreductase; EC 1.6.4.2) activity and aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) activity (with and without the appropriate co-enzymes) reduced glutathione, methaemoglobin, sulphaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin and susceptibility to peroxide were measured in RBC in the different fractions. 3. Glutathione reductase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and concentrations of reduced glutathione and oxyhaemoglobin all declined with age, while methaemogloblin, sulphaemoglobin and susceptibility to peroxide increased with age. 4. The only significant differences noted in the RBC from marginally-riboflavin-deficient subjects by comparison with controls, were lower glutathione reductase activities and higher concentrations of methaemoglobin. 5. The role of riboflavin in those systems controlling RBC integrity is discussed. PMID- 7284297 TI - Nitrogen balance in Indian preschool children receiving the safe level of protein at varying levels of energy. AB - 1. A study was carried out to determine the effects of varying the level of energy intake on nitrogen balance in preschool children receiving the safe requirement level of protein, determined in an earlier study. 2. Seven preschool children received four energy levels, i.e. 293, 334, 376 and 418 kJ/kg body weight at the safe level of protein intake of 1.75 g/kg body-weight and N balance determined. 3. The N balance decreased with a decrease in energy intake. However, the N balance was positive at all levels of energy intake studied. 4. Results indicated that at a protein intake of 1.75 g/kg body-weight the minimum level of energy intake for a retention of 40 mg N/kg body-weight in these children was found to be 326.2 +/- 45.5 (mean +/- SD) kJ/kg body-weight. Below this energy intake the safe level of protein intake became inadequate. PMID- 7284296 TI - The effects of short periods of fasting on the absorption of heavy metals. AB - 1. Rats were deprived of food for periods of from 0 to 40 h and then given 203Pb, 203Hg, 59Fe, 64Cu, 65Zn or 45Ca by stomach tube. The absorption and retention of these metals in tissues was measured 1 h and 2 d after dosing. 2. After 16-24 h of food deprivation between two and ten times more metal was retained than after 0-12 h. 3. The effects of length of fast on metal uptake by the intestinal mucosa were greatest in the duodenum. 4. Lactate production by duodenal mucosa was halved after 12 h of food deprivation but galactose absorption was little changed after a 40 h fast. PMID- 7284298 TI - Silage intake, rumination and pseudo-rumination activity in sheep studied by radiography and jaw movement recordings. AB - 1. The eating and ruminating activity of four rams given long-chopped silage ad lib. in two daily meals was studied by jaw movement recordings. The events of rumination and pseudo-rumination were observed by fluoroscopy and by cineradiography. 2. The rate of eating was highest at the beginning of the main meal and then declined gradually. 3. The silage intake level was low. 4. The swallowed silage did not accumulate at the cardiac region but was forced into the dorsal sac of the rumen by the contractions of the reticulum and cranial sac of the rumen. For regurgitation the solid particles had to return via the ventral and cranial sac of the rumen into the reticulum. 5. Liquid reticular contents with floating solid particles were aspirated into the oesophagus during the maximum of the regurgitation contraction of the reticulum. 6. The rumination activity during the day presented a high proportion of pseudo-rumination cycles whereas during the night the rumination became progressively normal. 7. Pseudo rumination was caused by delayed return of the fibrous silage particles into the reticulum. Thus in pseudo-rumination the regurgitated material consisted predominantly of fluid containing only a small quantity of solid particles. 8. The results explain why long-chopped silage intake is associated with pseudo rumination, a lower breakdown of particles and a waste of digestion time. PMID- 7284300 TI - Glutathione peroxidase activity and erythrocyte stability in calves differing in selenium and vitamin E status. AB - 1. Glutatione peroxidase activity (EC 1.11.1.9) and erythrocyte stability were measured in Friesian bull calves which were given for 36 weeks semi-purified diets either adequate or low in selenium or vitamin E or both. 2. Dietary Se or vitamin E content had no effect on growth rate and haematlogical values. None of the calves exhibited clinical deficiency symptoms and serum aspartate amino transferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and creatine phosphokinase (EC 2.7.3.2) activities remained normal. Heart and skeletal muscles of all calves appeared macroscopically and microscopically normal ato autopsy. 3. Glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma, blood and other tissues, except the testis, was significantly lower in calves receiving low dietary Se but was independent of dietary vitamin E content. 4. Plasma vitamin E levels decreased rapidly and to very low levels in calves given low vitamin E diets irrespective of the Se content of the diet. 5. A low dietary vitamin E intake increased the susceptibility of erythrocytes to auto and peroxidative haemolysis whereas a low Se intake in the presence of adequate vitamin E did not. However, erythrocytes from calves receiving low Se and low vitamin E were more susceptible to peroxidative haemolysis than erythrocytes from calves receiving low vitamin E and adequate Se. The effect of dietary vitamin E content on osmotic haemolysis induced by hypotonic saline was variable. 6. The results suggest that measurement of blood glutathione peroxidase activity and the susceptibility of erythrocytes to auto- or peroxidative haemolysis could be used for the differential diagnosis of subclinical Se and vitamin E deficiency in ruminants. PMID- 7284299 TI - Effects of cobalt deficiency in pregnant and post-parturient ewes and their lambs. AB - 1. Two groups of ewes were fed on a cobalt-deficient diet throughout pregnancy; one group (group A) was given the diet from the beginning of pregnancy, whilst the other (group B) received the diet for 16 weeks before mating. The ewes in group A continued to receive the diet for 12 weeks post-partum. 2. The vitamin B12 content of serum was estimated on three occasions before parturition and, for group A ewes, at 12 weeks post partum. Urinary concentration of methylmalonic acid was also determined at intervals before the lambs were born. 3. Serum values for vitamin B12 indicated that the ewes in both groups were depleted of the vitamin, though those in group B were more severely affected, as was evidenced by the high incidence of perinatal mortality among the lambs born to these ewes. Perinatal mortality appeared to be associated with abnormally-high values for urinary concentration of methylmalonic acid. 4. Analysis of liver lipids and adipose tissue triacylglycerols of some of the vitamin B12 -deprived lambs which died before, or within 1 d of, birth showed that, compared with the corresponding tissues of control lambs, these lipids contained unusually high proportions of odd-numbered fatty acids (mostly 15:0, 17:0 and 19:0). This observation is discussed in relation to the likelihood that, in vitamin B12-deprived lambs, propionate becomes available as a primer unit for fatty acid synthesis when the metabolism of its carboxylation product, methylmalonic acid, is impaired due to partial lack of a vitamin B12-containing enzyme system. PMID- 7284301 TI - The effect of grinding and pelleting on the digestion of Italian ryegrass and timothy by sheep. AB - 1. Primary growths of Italian ryegrass and timothy were harvested in late May, high-temperature dried and either retained in the chopped form or ground through a 2 mm sieve and pelleted. All diets were fed to four sheep fitted with re entrant cannulas into the proximal duodenum and measurements of the sites of energy and protein digestion and the synthesis of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial protein were made. 2. Grinding and pelleting significantly reduced rumen digestion of organic matter and structural carbohydrate (P less than 0.05) and the synthesis of rumen VFA (P less than 0.01), whilst significantly more digestion occurred in the hind gut, although this was not sufficient to prevent a decline in over-all digestibility on the pelleted diets (P less than 0.05). The magnitude of all responses was much larger on the Italian ryegrass diet. 3. Net microbial protein synthesis was 15% less on the pelleted diets but efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was unaffected (mean 188 g/kg rumen digested organic matter). Pelleting reduced the degradation of dietary protein from 69% to 47%, and dietary protein represented significantly more of the total protein flowing to the duodenum on the pelleted diets (chopped 28%, pelleted 41%). 4. Over-all, grinding and pelleting reduced total absorbed energy supply by 10% but increased absorbed protein supply by 15% which may contribute to some of the improvements seen in the net energy value of pelleted diets. PMID- 7284302 TI - Prediction of the three-dimensional structures of complexes of lysozyme with cell wall substrates. PMID- 7284304 TI - Demonstration of heterogeneity of chick ovalbumin glycopeptides using 360-MHz proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Ovalbumin glycopeptides AC-C and AC-D at various stages of purification were studied by high-field proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). In a homogeneous substance, the intensity of the various resonances appears in integral amounts, while subintegral intensities usually denote mixtures of structure. We show how 1H NMR can be used to nondestructively assay the purification of major components from mixtures. In glycopeptide AC-C we have spectroscopic evidence for the four different glycopeptide species, three of which have been described [Shepherd, V., & Montgomery, R. (1978) Carbohydr. Res. 61, 147; Tai, T., Yamashita, K., Ito, S., & Kobata, A. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 6687]. However, we did detect a fourth structure not previously reported. In glycopeptide AC-D, we have spectroscopic evidence for five different compounds, only two of which have been previously reported (Tai et al., 1977; Shepherd & Montgomery, 1978). PMID- 7284303 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of protonation of methotrexate and aminopterin bound to dihydrofolate reductase. AB - Methotrexate, aminopterin, and folate have been synthesized with 90% enrichment of C-2 with 13C. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to examine the state of protonation of the pteridine ring of these compounds under various conditions and gives much more clear-cut results than most other methods. For the free compounds the following pK values were obtained: methotrexate, 5.73 +/- 0.02 (N-1); aminopterin, 5.70 +/- 0.03 (N-1); folic acid, 2.40 (N-1) and 8.25 +/- 0.05 (N-3, O-4 amide group). The state of protonation of these compounds when complexed to dihydrofolate reductase (isoenzyme 2 from Streptococcus faecium) was also studied over the pH range 6--10. The resonance from bound methotrexate showed a constant chemical shift over the whole pH range studied, and it is inferred that in the complex the pteridine ring remains protonated to at least pH 10. The same result was obtained for the binary complex of aminopterin with the reductase and for either methotrexate or aminopterin in ternary complex with reductase and NADPH4. The latter is an inhibitor of the reductase competitive with NADPH. However, folate bound to the reductase in either the binary or the ternary complex shows the same protonation behavior as in the free state. The data indicate that the association constant for binding of methotrexate is increased enough when protonation of N-1 occurs to account for the enhanced binding of methotrexate as compared with folate. PMID- 7284305 TI - Comparative study of ribonucleotide, deoxyribonucleotide, and hybrid oligonucleotide helices by nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The nonexchangeable base protons and the hydrogen-bonding NH--N imino protons were used to study the conformations and the helix--coil transitions in the following oligonucleotides: (I) dCT5G + dCA5G, (II) rCU5G + rCA5G, (III) dCT5 G + rCA5G, (IV) rCU5G + dCA5G. The first three mixtures all form stable double helical structures at 5 degrees C, whereas IV forms a triple strand with an rCU5G:dCA5G 2:1 ratio. The chemical shifts of the imino protons in the double strands indicate that I, II, and III have different conformations in solution. For example, the hydrogen-bonded proton of one of the C.G base pairs is more deshielded (a 0.4-ppm downfield shift) in helix I than in helix II or III. This implies a significant change in helical parameters, such as the winding angle, the distance between base pairs, or overlap of the bases. The coupling constants of the H1' sugar protons show that helix I has 90% 2'-endo sugar conformation, whereas helix III has greater than 85% 3'-endo conformation for the observed sugar rings. The sugar pucker data are consistent with helix I having B-family geometry; III has A-family geometry. The chemical shifts of the nonexchangeable base protons in system I were followed with increasing temperature. The midpoints for the transitions, Tm's, for all the base protons were 28--30 degrees C; this indicates an all-or-none transition. PMID- 7284307 TI - L(-)-10-Formyltetrahydrofolate is the cofactor for glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase from chicken liver. AB - It is shown that L(-)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate serves as the cofactor for glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase from chicken liver. The utilization of L(-)-10-formyl-H4folate was not previously recognized, because L-(+)-10-formyl H4folate is an excellent competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, Ki = 0.75 +/- 0.07 microM, and historically the transformylase assay was carried out with a mixture of diastereomers. The results are discussed in relation to the utilization of L(+)-5,10-methenyl-H4folate. PMID- 7284308 TI - Minimal kinetic mechanism and general equation for deuterium isotope effects on enzymic reactions: uncertainty in detecting a rate-limiting step. AB - A general equation is proposed for representing the kinetic functions which govern the expression of an isotope effect on the maximal velocity of an enzyme catalyzed reaction. The origin and form of the functions are illustrated by examining a series of enzymatic mechanisms of progressively increasing complexity. The number of functions similarly increase, reaching a limit of three, with differing thermodynamic and kinetic properties. Further expansion of mechanisms causes an orderly and predictable algebraic expansion of each function, making it possible to write out, by simple inspection, the kinetic equation describing an isotope effect expressed on the maximal velocity for any enzymatic mechanism in which the isotope perturbs a single reactive step. The functions are interactive and allow for the possibility that an isotope effect on Vmax may be independent of the rate of a second, isotopically insensitive step, be it infinitely fast or slow. This allowance leads to an uncertainty of the ability of an isotope effect to detect a rate-limiting step, and the unequal distribution of kinetic and thermodynamic properties among three functions leads to an inadequacy of the singular concept of a rate-limiting step to serve as a basis for interpreting isotope effects on enzyme-catalyzed reactions. A minimal mechanism for consideration of isotope effects is proposed in order to embrace all three functions. It consists of a single catalytic step which is isotopically sensitive and reversible, two reversible precatalytic steps, and one reversible postcatalytic step, plus steps for binding and release of substrates and products. PMID- 7284310 TI - Physicochemical studies on the interaction of pancreatic phospholipase A2 with a micellar substrate analogue. AB - Porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 interacts with micelles of the substrate analogue n-octadecylphosphocholine to form a specific complex over considerably wide concentration ranges of both lipid and protein. UV absorption difference spectroscopy measurements indicate that the ratio of lipid to protein molecules in the complex is approximately 50. This number is confirmed by using other techniques to study the composition of the complex, namely, ultracentrifugation experiments and light scattering. The latter techniques furthermore demonstrate that the lipid--protein complex consists of 100 lipid and 2 enzyme molecules. Thus, the number of lipid molecules in the free micelle (200) is halved when the complex with phospholipase is being formed. The consequences of the results are discussed in relation to a theoretical model of the lipid--protein interaction. PMID- 7284309 TI - Kinetics and optical spectroscopic studies on the purple acid phosphatase from beef spleen. AB - A new purification scheme has been developed for the purple acid phosphatase from beef spleen; typical yields are 8 mg of homogeneous enzyme per kg of spleen in only five steps. Kinetics studies have shown that the enzyme is strongly inhibited by fluoride, phosphate, and [p-(acetylamino)-benzyl]phosphonate, a nonhydrolyzable substrate analogue; the last two of these show simple competitive inhibition. In contrast, cyanide, azide, tartrate, and p-nitrophenol show no inhibition at concentrations up to 10 mM. Molecular weight estimations by gel electrophoresis and gel permeation chromatography give a value of 40 000 for the native enzyme, which is shown to consist of two subunits of apparent molecular weight 24 000 and 15 000. Careful metal analyses indicate the presence of 2.1 +/- 0.1 iron atoms per enzyme molecule, and less than 0.1 copper, zinc, nickel, or manganese atom per enzyme. The purple enzyme (lambda max 550 nm) is reversibly converted to a pink, active form (lambda max 505 nm) upon treatment with mild reducing agents (dithioerythritol or ascorbate). Addition of competitive inhibitors to the pink form causes rapid reversion to the purple form. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at several temperatures showed only weak g = 4.3 signals (less than 0.1 spin/molecule) for the native, reduced, and inhibited forms of the enzyme. PMID- 7284306 TI - Primary sequence of wheat mitochondrial 5S ribosomal ribonucleic acid: functional and evolutionary implications. AB - Using the procedures of Donis-Keller et al. [Donis-Keller, H., Maxam, A. M., & Gilbert, W. (1977) Nucleic Acids Res. 4, 2527--2538 (1977)] and Peattie [Peattie, D. A. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 1760--1764], we have determined the nucleotide sequence of wheat mitochondrial 5S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA). This sequence [Formula: see text] is the first to be reported for a plant mitochondrial RNA. A highly conserved region (underlined) readily identifies the molecule as a structural homologue of other 5S rRNAs, as do potential base-paired regions which are characteristic of all known (prokaryotic, chloroplast, eukaryotic cytosol) 5S rRNA sequences. However, when assessed in terms of those structural features which distinguish prokaryotic from eukaryotic 5S rRNAs, wheat mitochondrial 5S rRNA cannot be classified readily as one or the other but instead displays characteristics of both types. In addition, the mitochondrial 5S rRNA has several unusual features, including (i) a variable number (two to three) of A residues at both the 5' and 3' ends, (ii) a unique sequence (CGACC, italic) in place of the prokaryotic sequence (CGAAC) which has been postulated to interact with aminoacyl-tRNA during translation, and (iii) a novel sequence, AUAUAUAU, immediately following the highly conserved sequence. In terms of overall primary sequence, wheat mitochondrial and cytosol 5S rRNAs seem to be slightly more divergent from each other than either is from Escherichia coli 5S rRNA, with which they are about equally homologous. From these observations, we propose that wheat mitochondrial 5S rRNA represents a distinct class of 5S rRNA. Our observations raise a number of questions about the evolutionary origin and functional role(s) of plant mitochondrial 5S rRNA. PMID- 7284312 TI - Use of resonance energy transfer to monitor membrane fusion. AB - An assay for vesicle--vesicle fusion involving resonance energy transfer between N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl), the energy donor, and rhodamine, the energy acceptor, has been developed. The two fluorophores are coupled to the free amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine to provide analogues which can be incorporated into a lipid vesicle bilayer. When both fluorescent lipids are in phosphatidylserine vesicles at appropriate surface densities (ratio of fluorescent lipid to total lipid), efficient energy transfer is observed. When such vesicles are fused with a population of pure phosphatidylserine vesicles by the addition of calcium, the two probes mix with the other lipids present to form a new membrane. This mixing reduces the surface density of the energy acceptor resulting in a decreased efficiency of resonance energy transfer which is measured experimentally. These changes in transfer efficiency allow kinetic and quantitative measurements of the fusion process. Using this system, we have studied the ability of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylcholine--phosphatidylserine (1:1) vesicles to fuse with cultured fibroblasts. Under the conditions employed, the majority of the cellular uptake of vesicle lipid could be attributed to the adsorption of intact vesicles to the cell surface regardless of the composition of the vesicle bilayer. PMID- 7284311 TI - Binding of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 to various micellar substrate analogues. Involvement of histidine-48 and aspartic acid-49 in the binding process. AB - The interaction of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PA2) with micelles of various single-chain phospholipid analogues was studied by ultraviolet absorption difference spectroscopy and light-scattering measurements. The phospholipids used were either substrate analogues or products, varying in hydrocarbon chain lengths and polar head groups. The results indicate that the enzyme forms a stable complex over a wide range of enzyme and lipid concentrations. From the equivalent "molecular weight" and from the lipid to enzyme molar ratio (N) of the micelle- enzyme complex, it can be calculated that complexes containing saturated hydrocarbon chain lipids generally consist of two enzyme molecules and half of the number of lipid monomers present in free micelles. The interaction forces between the enzyme and lipid monomers bound in the complex are mainly hydrophobic. Stronger binding is found when the essential cofactor Ca2+ is bound to the enzyme. pH-titration studies on the binding of native PA2 to aggregated lipid structures showed that at least one group with a pKA value of 6.25 is involved in the interaction with lipid micelles. At acidic pH, micelle binding is stronger than at neutral or alkaline pH. Alkylation of the active site residue His48 resulted in a shift of the pKA value to 4.6, while addition of Ca2+ appears to stabilize the micelle-binding conformation of both native and modified enzymes over a broad pH range (pH 4--9.5). From these observations it is suggested that both the Ca2+ binding residue Asp49 [Fleer, E. A. M., Verheij, H. M., & de Haas, G. H. (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 113, 283--288] and His48 control micelle binding of the native enzyme. For optimal binding in the absence of Ca2+, a long-distance hydrogen bond between these two residues is required; this can be established via a water molecule. It is assumed that it is a proton of this "H bond" which is titrated with a pKA value of 6.25. When the "H bond" is absent, as in the alkylated enzymes, Asp49 alone controls micelle binding with a pKA of 4.6. These results, together with the effect of Ca2+ on micelle binding, indicate that it is not the "hydrogen bridge" between His48 and Asp49 which is of main importance for an optimum binding conformation of the enzyme but the effective charge in the microenvironment of Asp49. It is proposed that a negative charge on this carboxylate causes a conformational change of the enzyme which leads to a protein conformation lacking an active micelle binding site. Binding of Ca2+ or reprotonation neutralizes this negative charge and restores the enzyme's ability to bind micelles. PMID- 7284313 TI - Metal ion content of dolichos biflorus lectin and effect of divalent cations on lectin activity. AB - The metal ion content of the Dolichos biflorus seed lectin has been determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ were all found in the native lectin and could be removed to different degrees by using a variety of techniques such as high ionic strength, low pH, chelating agent, and combinations of these procedures. By use of affinity electrophoresis, the remaining binding capacity of the lectin could easily be determined, and the D. biflorus lectin showed an absolute requirement for divalent cations to be able to bind N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. The association constant (Ka) of the lectin for N acetyl-D-galactosamine was determined after remetallization of the lectin with each individual metal ion and a combination of them. The Ka of the lectin for the hapten differed depending on which divalent cation had been used for remetallization. Ca2+ ion alone was equal to a combination of all metal ions in its ability to confer the highest binding activity of the lectin for N-acetyl-D galactosamine. The other cations, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+, could not restore the binding activity of the lectin to the same degree as Ca2+ or a combination of all ions. The D. biflorus lectin is, therefore, one of the first lectins that has been shown to require only a single cation to fully retain its binding activity in contrast to most lectins that require a combination of Ca2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, or Zn2+. Furthermore, we have shown that there is a selective process of ion uptake into the lectin since the metal ion ratios in the native lectin compared to the whole seed are quite different. PMID- 7284314 TI - Gene switching in myogenesis: differential expression of the chicken actin multigene family. AB - We described the construction of an alpha-actin complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) clone, pAC269 [Schwartz, R. J., Haron, J. A., Rothblum, K. N., & Dugaiczyk, A. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 5883], that was used as a hybridization probe in the current investigation to examine the induction of actin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) during myogenesis. A Tm difference of 10-13 degrees C between skeletal muscle alpha-actin and nonmuscle beta- and gamma-actin mRNAs and pAC269 allowed us to establish the highly stringent hybridization conditions necessary to measure separately the content of alpha-actin mRNA and beta- and gamma-actin mRNA during muscle development in culture. We observed low levels of alpha-actin mRNA (approximately 130 molecules/cell) in replicating prefusion myoblasts. The vast majority of actin mRNA (2000 molecules/cell) present at this stage was accounted for by beta- and gamma-actin mRNA. Beginning at myoblast fusion, alpha-actin mRNA accumulated and within 30 h reached a level 270-fold greater than that observed in the undifferentiated state. At 95 h in culture when myotube formation was completed, alpha-actin content was at its peak (36 000 molecules/nucleus). Conversely, beta- and gamma-actin mRNA content began to decline at the beginning of fusion, and by the end of myotube formation beta- and gamma-actin mRNAs were undetectable by our techniques. A rapid depression of alpha-actin mRNA levels was observed after 95 h in the absence of cell death. At 6 days after the initiation of myotube formation, the content of alpha-actin mRNA was reduced by 80% in comparison of peak values and remained at that level. The switching of actin mRNA species was inhibited in myoblasts treated with bdU. The accumulation of alpha-actin mRNA and the disappearance of beta- and gamma-actin mRNA were observed following the reversal of the bdU block and coincident with the onset of myoblast fusion. We found that the expression of actin genes within the actin multigene family is switched in myogenesis through a strict developmental pattern. PMID- 7284315 TI - Polymerization of clathrin protomers into basket structures. AB - The effects of pH, ionic strength, temperature, and protein concentration on the rate of clathrin (8 S) polymerization to form coat (or basket) structures (approximately 300 S) have been measured by turbidity. The extent of polymerization has also been evaluated under the same experimental conditions by analytical centrifugation. The characteristic polygonal structure of the re formed coat was confirmed by electron microscopy. The rate of polymerization is sensitive to all the variables investigated. The reaction is very slow at pH approximately 7 and becomes very rapid by pH approximately 6. The polymerization is readily reversed by increasing the pH slightly. The time dependence of the polymerization does not conform to either a first- or a second-order reaction but to a higher order. Increasing temperature increases the rate but decreases the extent of reaction. Increasing the salt concentration decreases the rate. The effects of several salts on the rate follow the Hofmeister ranking, with the exception of sulfate. PMID- 7284316 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of secretory protein I from bovine parathyroid glands. AB - Secretory protein I, a protein that is cosecreted with parathormone, has been isolated from bovine parathyroid tissue. The purification procedure was aided by the inclusion in the starting material of fresh tissue that had been incubated with radioactive amino acids to label the newly formed secretory protein I. The isolation of the secretory protein I was then followed by locating the radioactive species. Later, purification was also followed by radioimmunoassay. The procedures included salt fractionation, gel filtration, and two steps of ion exchange chromatography, yielding a 96-fold purification of secretory protein I. The final product contained two species that were shown to be related by comparison of their tryptic peptides and the release of only a single major residue at each step of the Edman degradation. On the basis of amino acid analysis, secretory protein I contains about 30% acidic amino acid residues, contributing to an isoelectric point of 4.5, and has a minimum molecular weight of about 70 000. It contains 2.6% carbohydrate. A radioimmunoassay was established for secretory protein I. A partial amino acid sequence spanning the first 32 residues of the amino-terminal region was obtained. This portion of the structure appeared to be unrelated to those of the known parathyroid hormonal peptides. PMID- 7284321 TI - Potassium ion is required for the generation of pH-dependent membrane potential and delta pH by the marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus. AB - The electrochemical potential gradient of protons in the marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus was measured as a function of external pH. In K+-containing cells, the membrane potential (delta psi) and delta pH vary with external pH as reported in other bacteria. On the other hand, K+-depleted cells show little pH dependence in the magnitude of delta psi from pH 6.0 to 8.5. The cytoplasmic pH in these cells varies depending on external pH, resulting in the generation of a small delta pH at acidic pH. Addition of K+ to K+-depleted cells leads to partial dissipation of delta psi and concomitant generation of delta pH. Strikingly, this effect of K+ is dependent on external pH. Collapse of delta psi and generation of delta pH by the addition of K+ decrease with increasing external pH. Thus, the delta psi and delta pH obtained after addition of K+ are essentially the same as those determined in K+-containing cells, and cytoplasmic pH becomes less dependent on external pH. The results suggest that the variation of delta psi and delta pH with external pH is controlled by K+ transport. PMID- 7284317 TI - Developmental biochemistry of cottonseed embryogenesis and germination: changing messenger ribonucleic acid populations as shown by in vitro and in vivo protein synthesis. AB - Changes in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) populations during embryogenesis of cottonseed have been followed by cataloging (a) extant proteins, (b) proteins synthesized in vivo, and (c) proteins synthesized in vitro from extracted RNA, all at specific stages of embryogenesis. Evidence is presented for the existence of five mRNA subsets, all apparently under different regulatory regimes, that produce the abundant proteins of embryogenesis. One of these functions principally during the cell division phase of embryogenesis and encodes among its products the seed storage proteins whose mRNA is superabundant during this period. This subset has disappeared from the abundant group by the mature seed stage. Two other subsets appear in late embryogenesis, one of which may result from the removal of the embryo from the maternal environment, since it is inducible by excision of the young embryo from the seed. The other appears to be induced by the plant growth regulator abscisic acid, whose endogenous concentration increases at this stage. It can be induced by incubating excised young embryos in abscisic acid. The last two subsets exist throughout embryogenesis, but only one of them appears to function in germination. PMID- 7284320 TI - Analysis of cooperativity observed in pH titrations of proton nuclear magnetic resonances of histidine residues of rabbit cardiac tropomyosin. AB - We have investigated in detail the cooperativity which we had previously observed in the pH titration profiles of the histidine residues of rabbit tropomyosin [Edwards, B. F. P., & Sykes, B. D. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 684]. Nonpolymerizing tropomyosin was prepared by carboxypeptidase digestion, and the titration profiles of its histidine residues were compared with those of undigested tropomyosin which was fully polymerized (in 0.1 M KCl) throughout the titration. We have concluded that both histidine-153 and histidine-273 have significant cooperativity in their pH titrations only in polymerized tropomyosin, that the cooperativity arises from an intrinsic pH-dependent conformational transition which links the two residues together and not from the known pH dependence of the polymerization, and that the best model for the cooperativity is a biallosteric adaption of the Monod--Wyman--Changeux formalism involving two classes of binding sites for the same ligand (protons). Three other models which postulated either a Hill transition, an interaction with a neighboring residue that also titrates, or a pH-dependent polymerization were also considered. PMID- 7284318 TI - Developmental biochemistry of cottonseed embryogenesis and germination: changing messenger ribonucleic acid populations as shown by reciprocal heterologous complementary deoxyribonucleic acid--messenger ribonucleic acid hybridization. AB - The concentrations of messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in three stages in cotton cotyledon ontogeny were examined by total poly(A)+ mRNA hybridization with unfractionated complementary DNA. This study and others show that these RNAs are representative of the total mRNA population. A novel analysis of all reciprocal hybridization reactions detected at least 17 groups of mRNAs, the sequences of which change together in concentration during this developmental period. We have defined an mRNA subset as a group or groups of mRNAs that change together in concentration in a similar fashion, regardless of the abundance of its members. About 11 such subsets are detected, several of which contain at least two groups which change in concentration in parallel. These experiments have identified the same mRNA subsets detected in a companion study of the abundant proteins synthesized in vivo and in vitro during this developmental period and indicate that similar changes occur for less abundant mRNAs as well. PMID- 7284319 TI - Laser photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies on three homologous calcium binding proteins: cardiac troponin-C, skeletal troponin-C, and calmodulin. AB - Laser photo-CIDNP 1H NMR experiments were performed with rabbit skeletal troponin C (sTn-C), bovine cardiac troponin-C (cTn-C), and bovine brain calmodulin to study the exposure of histidine and tyrosine residues. In cTn-C, tyrosine residues, 5, 111, and 150 were exposed in the apoprotein, becoming buried as Ca2+ was bound. A similar phenomenon was observed for tyrosine residues 10 and 109 of sTn-C. In calmodulin, only tyrosine-99 was accessible in the apoprotein. The lack of exposure of tyrosine-138 observed with this technique correlates with the buried nature of this residue implied by other criteria. In 6 M urea each of the apoproteins were observed to be unfolded from the standpoint of the tyrosine environments. A large tyrosyl CIDNP effect was obtained for each protein which decreased as Ca2+ was bound, with a stoichiometry of one metal ion per protein. This was correlated for cTn-C with the appearance of "native" resonances representing tyrosine residues 111 and 150 in Ca2+-saturated cTn-C, also with a stoichiometry of one. Analysis of our NMR findings, in the light of other spectroscopic and model building studies on these systems, suggests that the sole high-affinity Ca2+ binding site of cTn-C and sTn-C remaining in 6 M urea is site IV. PMID- 7284322 TI - Immunospecific targeting of liposomes to cells: a novel and efficient method for covalent attachment of Fab' fragments via disulfide bonds. AB - An efficient method for covalently cross-linking 50K Fab' antibody fragments to the surface of lipid vesicles is reported. Coupling up to 600 microgram of Fab'/mumol of phospholipid (about 6000 Fab' molecules per 0.2-micrometer vesicle) is achieved via a disulfide interchange reaction between the thiol group exposed on each Fab' fragment and a pyridyldithio-derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine present in low concentration in the membranes of preformed large unilamellar vesicles. The coupling reaction is efficient, proceeds rapidly under mild conditions, and yields well-defined products. Each vesicle-linked Fab' fragment retains its original antigenic specificity and full capacity to bind antigen. We have used Fab' fragments, coupled to vesicles by this method, to achieve immunospecific targeting of liposomes to cells in vitro. Vesicles bearing antihuman erythrocyte Fab' fragments bind quantitatively to human erythrocytes (at multiplicities up to 5000 0.2-micrometer vesicles per cell) while essentially no binding is observed to sheep or ox red blood cells. Vesicle-cell binding is stable over a pH range from 6 to 8 and is virtually unaffected by the presence of human serum (50%). Cell-bound vesicles retain their aqueous contents and can be eluted intact from cells by treatment with reducing agents (dithiothreitol or mercaptoethanol) at alkaline pH. PMID- 7284323 TI - Thermodynamics of dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine aggregation. AB - Heats of dilution of aqueous solutions of dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine were determined by use of a flow microcalorimeter to monitor an exponential dilution gradient. Three different models of micelle formation were tested: monomer in equilibrium with micelles of fixed size, with micelles of varied size, or with small aggregates and micelles. The heat of dilution data for low solute concentration could be fit only by assuming the existence of premicellar aggregates. The critical micelle concentration determined calorimetrically is 0.016 +/- 0.002 M and is independent of the model. The enthalpy change for transfer of monomer into the micelle is 1.6 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol; about one-third of this heat effect is produced in formation of the premicellar aggregation. Comparison of the calorimetric measurements with results obtained by using other methods indicates the complexity of the micellization process. PMID- 7284324 TI - Glucose transport through cell membranes of modified lipid fluidity. AB - Carrier-mediated transport of glucose in human erythrocytes and 3T3 mouse fibroblasts was examined at different lipid viscosities of the cell membrane. Rigidification of the membrane lipid layer was accomplished by incorporation of cholesterol or one of the hydrophilic esters, cholesteryl hemisuccinate or cholesteryl betainate, whereas fluidization was accomplished by cholesterol depletion. In both cells the dependence of the maximal rate of glucose transport at 37 degrees C, Vmax, on the lipid microviscosity of the cell plasma membrane, eta, is of a similar pattern which does not obey simple diffusion considerations. When the eta value of untreated cells is slightly increased (10-20%), Vmax increases to a peak value, beyond which a further increase in eta progressively reduces it. Decrease of the natural eta is also accompanied by a progressive decrease of Vmax. This general pattern was also observed for the transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in 3T3 fibroblasts (unpublished results). A theoretical analysis of the dependence on eta of the transport turnover number and of the accessibility of carrier sites was carried out in order to account for this behavior. On the basis of this analysis, a general expression for the dependence of Vmax on eta, which fits reasonably well with the experimental data, was derived. This expression is also valid for the dependence on eta of the overt activity of membrane-bound enzymes and receptors. PMID- 7284325 TI - Effect of double bonds on the dynamic properties of the hydrocarbon region of lecithin bilayers. AB - The motional properties of the hydrophobic fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene have been assessed in liposomes of various lecithins: dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2 oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), 1- palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine (PLPC), and 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoylphosphatidylcholine (PAPC). The temperature dependence of the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy was determined within the range of 10-50 degrees C. Nanosecond measurements were also made and the results analyzed by a model of wobbling diffusion confined within a cone. In this treatment the cone angle (theta c) obtained relates to the degree of order of the fatty acyl chains, and the wobbling diffusion constant (Dw) relates to the rate of motion of the hydrocarbon chains. Theta c was increased (order decreased) and Dw increased (rate increased) for the first double bond (POPC) as compared to the fully saturated DPPC. In all four unsaturated lecithins the temperature dependences of theta c and Dw were similar: theta c increased by about 4-5 degrees, and Dw increased by a factor of 1.5 per 10 degrees C. DPPC in the liquid crystalline phase also showed a similar trend. The absolute values, on the other hand, showed some differences: for theta c, DOPC (78 degrees at 37 degrees C) greater than PAPC (75 degrees) greater than POPC (70 degrees) congruent to PLPC (69 degrees) greater than DPPC (20 degrees), and for Dw, PAPC (0.28 ns-1) greater than DOPC (0.22 ns-1) congruent to PLPC (0.24 ns-1) greater than POPC (0.21 ns-1) greater than DPPC (0.05 ns-1). The differences among the unsaturated lecithins are relatively small suggesting that the first double bond introduced into a lecithin plays the most important role at physiological temperatures. In 1:1 mixtures of the disaturated lecithin, DPPC, with the unsaturated lecithins, the temperature of the phase transition of the former was lowered and broadened, by approximately the same amount, irrespective of the differences in unsaturation. PMID- 7284327 TI - Specificity of trypsin and carboxypeptidase B for hydroxylysine residues in denatured collagens. PMID- 7284326 TI - Dynamic structure of biological membranes as probed by 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene: a nanosecond fluorescence depolarization study. AB - A fluorescent probe, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, was incorporated in four different biological membranes, the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium, human erythrocyte membrane, rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, and rat liver mitochondrial membrane. Time-resolved fluorescence depolarization of the probe suggested that the rotational Brownian motion of the probe in the membranes was restricted in the angular range. The motion of the rod-shaped, lipophilic probe molecule, expected to reflect closely the motion of neighboring lipid hydrocarbon chains, was analyzed in terms of the wobbling-in-cone model in which the major axis of the probe was assumed to wobble freely in a cone of semiangle theta c with a wobbling diffusion constant Dw. At 35 degrees C, Dw in the four membranes, in the above order, ranged between 0.048 and 0.15 ns-1 and theta c between 31 and 53 degrees. From the rotational rate Dw, the viscosity against the wobbling motion was calculated to be 0.9-0.3 P. When the temperature was raised from 10 to 35 degrees C, Dw in all membranes increased approximately 3-fold, corresponding to activation energies of 7-8 kcal/mol, and theta c increased by about 10 degrees, except for the purple membrane in which the angular range remained narrow. The same characteristic temperature dependence has been found in many model membrane systems that contain unsaturated lecithins, suggesting an important role of unsaturated phospholipids in the dynamic structure of the lipid hydrocarbon chain region of biological membranes at physiological temperatures. Comparison with model systems suggests that proteins and cholesterol act mainly as barriers that narrow the angular range. PMID- 7284328 TI - Mechanistic studies on reactions of bacterial methionine gamma-lyase with olefinic amino acids. AB - Methionine gamma-lyase (EC 4.4.1.11), which catalyzes the formation of methanethiol, alpha-ketobutyrate, and ammonia from L-methionine (eq 1), promotes the oxidative deamination of several four- and five-carbon olefinic amino acids (1-5). With the exception of vinylglycine (1), the Vmax rates of keto acid formation from the unsaturated substrate analogues are substantially lower than that for processing of methionine to alpha-ketobutyrate; vinylglycine is deaminated to ketobutyrate and ammonia with a Vmax twice that for L-methionine turnover. L-Allylglycine, L-2-amino-3-trans-pentenoate, and L-2-amino-3-cis pentenoate (2, 4, 5) are all converted to 2-keto-pentanoic acid (alpha ketovalerate). L-2-Amino-3-cis-pentenoate (5) is also a time-dependent, irreversible inactivator of the enzyme. None of the other substrate analogues tested appears to inactivate the enzyme. Spectral analysis of the enzymatic reaction with cis isomer 5 reveals the formation of a high-wavelength chromophore (lambda max = 550 nm ) which implies that a beta, gamma-unsaturated pyridoxal p quinoid (VI) accumulates. No such absorbing species appears to form during the reaction of trans isomer 4 with methionine gamma-lyase. But a 550-nm chromophore develops when both 4 and 5 are reacted with Al(NO3)3 and pyridoxal methochloride in methanolic KOH. It would appear that the geometry of the protein and the olefinic amino acid as an intermediate enzyme-substrate adduct controls the kinetics of reaction, such that azaallylic isomerization becomes selectively rate determining for reaction with 5. When this isomerization is slow, an accumulating Michael-type acceptor (VI) could lead to the observed irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. PMID- 7284329 TI - Interaction of phosphorylase kinase with the 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of adenosine triphosphate. 1. Kinetics of inactivation. AB - The 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of ATP (oATP) was found to be a valid affinity label for rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase. Inactivation by oATP at pH 6.8 followed pseudo-first-order and saturation kinetics. An apparent Ki of approximately 6.7 microM was obtained in the presence of 0.6 mM Ca2+ plus 10 mM Mg2+. Protection against the rate of inactivation was provided by the natural substrate ATP. In addition, at pH 8.2, oATP could be used as a substrate to phosphorylate phosphorylase b, thus providing evidence that oATP can bind to the active site of phosphorylase kinase. Inactivation of phosphorylase kinase by oATP was sensitive to various effectors of the enzyme such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and pH. Ca2+ plus Mg2+ synergistically enhanced the rate of inactivation severalfold; each metal ion by itself had little effect on the rate of inactivation. This synergism was seen both at pH 6.8 and at pH 8.2; however, the rates of inactivation were much greater at pH 6.8. The enhancement of inactivation by Ca2+ plus Mg2+ was also more pronounced with activated than with nonactivated kinase. PMID- 7284330 TI - Tyrosine fluorescence of ram testis and octopus calmodulins. Effects of calcium, magnesium, and ionic strength. PMID- 7284331 TI - A mouse temperature-sensitive mutant defective in H1 histone phosphorylation is defective in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and chromosome condensation. AB - By means of a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts85 strain), we have studied the effect of the decrease in H1 histone phosphorylation on DNA synthesis and chromosome condensation. When ts85 cells were incubated at 39 degrees C (nonpermissive temperature), the rate of H1 histone phosphorylation was decreased gradually and reached half that at 33 degrees C (permissive temperature) by 6-h incubation. Wild-type cells, growth-revertant ts85 cells (ts85R-MN3), and other ts mutants which were arrested mainly at the G2 phase at 39 degrees C had no defects in H1 histone phosphorylation. When ts85 cells were synchronized at the G1/S boundary at 33 degrees C and released from the blockade at 39 degrees C, approximately 70% of cells passed through the S phase and stopped at the G2 phase. The rest were distributed in G1/S to the S phase and mitotic cells were not detected at all. When ts85 cells, synchronized at the G1/S boundary, were further incubated for 8 h at 39 degrees C with a synchronizing agent, the rate of phosphorylation of H1 histone was decreased and the cells were not able to complete DNA synthesis after release from the blockade. Cytofluorometric analysis revealed that the cells had DNA contents of the S phase. Taken together with our earlier data [Matsumoto, Y., Yasuda, H., Mita, S., Marunouchi, T., & Yamada, M. (1980) Nature (London) 184, 181-183], both events, incomplete DNA replication and a defect in chromosome condensation, were thought to be ascribed to the decrease in H1 histone phosphorylation. PMID- 7284334 TI - Interaction of tubulin with drugs and alkylating agents. 2. Effects of colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and vinblastine on the alkylation of tubulin. AB - The antimitotic drugs colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and vinblastine are known to be potent inhibitors of microtubule polymerization, but little is known about how they affect the chemical properties of the tubulin molecule. In the preceding paper [Luduena, R. F., & Roach, M. C. (1981) Bio-chemistry (preceding paper in this issue)], we have shown that the alkylating agent iodo[14C]acetamide reacts specifically with the sulfhydryl groups of tubulin and that its bifunctional analogue, N,N'-ethylenebis(iodoacetamide) (EBI), reacts with native tubulin to convert beta-tubulin into a form, designated beta*, which appears to represent an intrachain cross-linked form of beta. In this paper, we have incubated tubulin with the drugs prior to alkylation and measured their effects on the alkylation reactions. We have found that at 100 microM concentrations, podophyllotoxin, colchicine, and vinblastine inhibited the reaction of tubulin with iodo[14C]acetamide by 19-32%, 33-47%, and 62-72%, respectively; each drug was half-maximally effective at 3-5 microM, indicating that the suppressive effects of the drugs were mediated by their high-affinity binding sites. Similarly, beta* formation induced by EBI was suppressed by 92-94% in the presence of either colchicine or podophyllotoxin In contrast, vinblastine enhanced beta* formation by 40%. Alkylation with longer chain analogues of EBI revealed no evidence that the reactive sulfhydryls were being pushed apart by the drugs. These results indicate that each of the drugs has potent effects on the accessibility of the sulfhydryl groups of tubulin and that the effects of vinblastine are very different from those of either colchicine or podophyllotoxin. PMID- 7284333 TI - Interaction of tubulin with drugs and alkylating agents. 1. Alkylation of tubulin by iodo[14C]acetamide and N,N'-ethylenebis(iodoacetamide). AB - The sulfhydryl groups of tubulin are reported to play a role in regulating microtubule assembly and colchicine binding to tubulin. The alkylating agents iodo[14C]acetamide and its bifunctional analogue N,N'-ethylenebis(iodoacetamide) are used as probes for the sulfhydryl groups of tubulin. In the presence of 8 M urea, alpha- and beta-tubulin have 10-11 and 8 alkylatable sulfhydryls, respectively, and one of the high molecular weight proteins (HMW 2) has 5 sulfhydryls/Mr 271 000. In the absence of urea, the rates of alkylation of alpha- and beta-tubulin are significantly lower but that of HMW 2 is unaffected. The sulfhydryls of tubulin are masked in intact microtubules. N,N' Ethylenebis(iodoacetamide) reacts with free tubulin to generate a band, designated beta, which migrates ahead of beta on polyacrylamide gels. beta appears to represent a form of beta-tubulin containing at least one intrachain cross-link between sulfhydryl groups. Formation of beta* is inhibited in intact microtubules and is abolished if tubulin is denatured by 8 M urea, 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, or boiling. N,N'-Ethylenebis(iodoacetamide) may thus be used as a probe for the native conformation of free tubulin. PMID- 7284332 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the nature of solution conformational equilibria of monomeric insect deoxyhemoglobins. AB - The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the three monomeric deoxyhemoglobins of the insect larva Chironomus thummi thummi have been recorded, assigned, and analyzed. In the two allosteric hemoglobins, the heme methyls and vinyl protons were assigned by specific deuterium labeling. The hyperfine-shifted proximal histidyl imidazole exchangeable protons for the three native and two deuteroheme-reconstituted hemoglobins were assigned by comparison of spectra in H2O and 2H2O. Both native and reconstituted allosteric hemoglobins exhibit two sets of interconvertible resonances indicative of two heme orientations differing by a 180 degrees rotation about the alpha-gamma-meso axis, as previously found for the met-cyano analogues [La Mar, G. N., Smith, K. M., Gersonde, K., Sick, H., & Overkamp, M. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 66]. The relative pH sensitivities of the heme resonance hyperfine shifts for the two allosteric hemoglobins and the apparent pK approximately 8 indicate that the t in equilibrium r allosteric transition, as modulated by the Bohr proton, is being observed. For the native hemoglobins, the t in equilibrium r conformational transition was found to be centered at the heme periphery, with the proximal histidyl imidazole environment insensitive to both pH and the rotational position of the heme, consistent with the absence of a pH influence on the ligation on-rate. For the deuteroheme reconstituted allosteric hemoglobins, both the heme and axial imidazole environments sense the t in equilibrium r transition, and the histidine environments for the two components for each hemoglobin can be clearly distinguished, suggesting that the ligation on-rates may depend on both pH and heme orientation. PMID- 7284337 TI - Choline and acetylcholine metabolism in PC12 secretory cells. AB - PC12, a clonal line of rat pheochromocytoma, synthesizes, stores, and secretes dopamine and acetylcholine. The cells take up choline by a saturable process and rapidly convert the accumulated choline to acetylcholine. This choline transport has a Km of 12 microM, is Na+ and energy independent, and is relatively insensitive to hemicholinium-3 (IC50 approximately 50 microM). Different ionic conditions can modulate the choline transport. Uptake was increased by pretreatment with 55 mM K+ whereas it was decreased in the presence of 55 mM K+. Choline uptake had similar characteristics in PC12 cells that had been induced to extend neurites by treatment with nerve growth factor. In undifferentiated PC12 cells, storage of newly synthesized acetylcholine was found in bound and free compartments as evidenced from subcellular fractionation. The free pool had a faster turnover rate. Most of the newly synthesized acetylcholine was rapidly degraded in the absence of a cholinesterase inhibitor while continuous incubation with labeled choline resulted in a slow incorporation of newly labeled acetylcholine into a bound pool. The accumulation of acetylcholine in the bound pool, but not acetylcholine synthesis, was inhibited by each of several agents that are known to interfere with the generation or maintenance of proton electrochemical gradients. The newly synthesized acetylcholine could be released from PC12 cells by incubation of the cells with 55 mM K+. These properties indicate that PC12 cells are a good system for studying acetylcholine metabolism by secretory cells. PMID- 7284335 TI - Characterization of rat brain crude extract microtubule assembly: correlation of cold stability with the phosphorylation state of a microtubule-associated 64K protein. AB - We have conducted preliminary investigations into the control of microtubule assembly in rat brain crude extract supernatants. The rationale for these experiments is that microtubules interact with many proteins and are undoubtedly subject to physiological control mechanisms that are lost during tubulin purification. A more complete understanding of the cellular regulation of microtubules must include the physiology of these proteins. Assembly can be monitored in rat brain crude extract high-speed supernatants by measuring the increase in solution turbidity. We find that assembly is maximal in both rate and extent in the absence of added nucleotide. Increasing concentrations of either adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) or guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) inhibit both initiation and elongation of microtubules. GTP appears necessary for assembly and is apparently replenished from an intrinsic energy source during the time course of the assembly reaction. Inhibition of GTP production prevents microtubule assembly, and addition of exogenous GTP will reverse the blockage. Enzymatic removal of GTP at steady state causes a rapid depolymerization to the cold-stable microtubule level. Both GTP production and microtubule assembly display periodic oscillatory maxima. Cold-stable microtubules, which are always present in rat brain crude extract preparations, are rapidly made labile by addition of ATP. Analysis of proteins in cold-stable and cold-labile microtubule fractions shows changes in protein phosphorylation but not in the microtubule-associated protein composition. The tentative conclusion is that the state of phosphorylation of a 64K protein, designated the "switch protein", determines the cold stability or lability, and therefore the dimer association and dissociation rates, of crude extract microtubules. PMID- 7284336 TI - Nucleophilic modification of human complement protein C3: correlation of conformational changes with acquisition of C3b-like functional properties. AB - Inactivation of C3 by enzymatic cleavage, nucleophilic addition, or slow freezing and thawing resulted in the acquisition of similar end-state conformations as judged by near-UV circular dichroism. Although inactivation by the two nonenzymatic processes involves no peptide bond scission, the inactivated C3 resembled C3b in that it possessed a free sulfhydryl group not present in the native protein and an increased surface hydrophobicity as evidenced by enhanced binding of the fluorophore 8-anilino-1-naphthalensulfonate (ANS). The C3b-like functional properties of modified C3 [Pangburn, M. K., & Muller-Eberhard, H. J. (1980) J. Exp. Med. 152, 1102-1114] may thus be understood in terms of the similarity of its conformation to that of C3b. The rate of the conformational change following proteolytic cleavage was fast and appeared to be limited by the rate of the enzymatic reaction. In contrast, the rate of conformational change following addition of methylamine was slow and rate limited by the conformational rearrangement itself, not by the chemical modification. A kinetic analysis of the changes in circular dichroism and ANS fluorescence enhancement suggested that the nucleophilic addition was spectroscopically undetectable and was followed by a minimally biphasic, spectroscopically demonstrable conformational rearrangement. The appearance of C3b-like functional activity in nucleophile-modified C3 largely parallels the time course of the spectroscopically detectable conformational change but is distinctly slower than the rate at which hemolytic activity is lost. While fully transconformed methylamine-inactivated C3 can bind factor B and is susceptible to cleavage by C3b inactivator and its cofactor beta 1H, this cleavage occurs at a substantially slower rate than the equivalent process in C3b. The implications of these findings in terms of the mechanism through which the alterative pathway of complement is initiated are discussed. PMID- 7284338 TI - Dependence of acyl chain packing of phospholipids on the head group and acyl chain length. AB - The temperature dependencies of the factor group splitting of the infrared-active CH2-scissoring bands of a series of fully hydrated gel phase diacyl phospholipids were determined. It is shown that, in all cases, the acyl chains are packed in an orthorhombic subcell and that the degree of rigidity of the subcell increases with increasing chain length. It is also demonstrated that the subcell in 3-sn phosphatidylcholines differs from that found in 3-sn-phosphatidylethanolamines and 3-phosphatidic acids. PMID- 7284339 TI - Histones H1(o)a and H1(o)b are the same as CHO histones H1(III) and H1(IV): new features of H1(o) phosphorylation during the cell cycle. AB - Two histone H1 fractions [H1(I) and H1(II)] and two histone H1(o) fractions (H1(o)a and H1(o)b) have been isolated from butyrate-treated Chinese hamster (line CHO) cells by guanidine hydrochloride gradient chromatography on Bio-Rex 70 ion-exchange resin. The fractions have been identified by electrophoresis and amino acid analyses. Electrophoretic analysis of cyanogen bromide treated H1(o) in long acid-urea-polyacrylamide gels suggests that H1(o)a and H1(o)b differ, at least, within the 20-30 residue fragment(s) removed by the cyanogen bromide cleavage. Shallow-gradient Bio-Rex 70 chromatography indicates that histones H1(o)a and H1(o)b are the same as the respective CHO histones, H1(III) and H1(IV), originally resolved by Gurley and co-workers [Gurley, L. R., Walters, R. A., & Tobey, R. A. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 3936]. This identification and the phosphate incorporation data of Gurley et al. (1975) reveal new features about H1(o) phosphorylation: (1) following release from G1 arrest, H1(o)a and H1(o)b become phosphorylated in late G1 prior to DNA synthesis; (2) H1(o)a and H1(o)b are phosphorylated at similar rates throughout the cell cycle. These and other data demonstrate that histone H1(o) is phosphorylated in a cell cycle dependent fashion which mimics that of histone H1. PMID- 7284340 TI - Photosynthetic control and estimation of the optimal ATP: electron stoichiometry during flash activation of chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - (1) When chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata Ala pho+ are exposed to a train of high-frequency, saturating flashes the kinetics of the reaction centre bacteriochlorophyll absorption change enter a pseudo steady-state in which the extent of oxidation during the flashes is equal to the extent of reduction in between the flashes. The level of the pseudo steady-state is lowered by the presence of a phosphate acceptor system, raised by further addition of oligomycin, lowered by a combination of nigericin and valinomycin and raised by antimycin A. (2) In the pseudo steady-state, the extent of reaction centre bacteriochlorophyll oxidation taking place during the flash may be estimated by subtraction from the total concentration of reaction centre bacteriochlorophyll. This value is equated with the amount of electrons transported through the photosynthetic chain. Comparison with the measured ATP yield per flash in the pseudo steady-state permits calculation of the ATP: two electron ratio. The value of the ratio is 1.1 for flash frequencies between 3 and 12.5 Hz and declines at lower and higher frequencies. The ATP: two electron ratio is approximately halved in the presence of antimycin A. (3) An alternative estimate of the ATP: two electron ratio, based on the assumption that high-frequency flashes approximate to the condition of continuous illumination, was approx. 0.8. PMID- 7284341 TI - Properties of the proteinaceous component acting as apoenzyme for the functional plastoquinone redox groups on the acceptor side of system II. PMID- 7284343 TI - Influence of different energy drains on the interrelationship between the rate of respiration, proton-motive force and adenine nucleotide patterns in isolated mitochondria. AB - The respiration of rat liver mitochondria was stimulated by three different ways of energy drain: (a) partial uncoupling (equivalent to direct collapse of the proton-motive force), (b) intramitochondrial utilization of ATP for citrulline synthesis, and (c) extramitochondrial utilization of ATP for glucose phosphorylation. At identical rates of respiration, the intramitochondrial ATP : ADP ratios were the same in all three systems. Furthermore, the proton-motive force was the same in partially uncoupled mitochondria and in the presence of hexokinase plus glucose up to a respiration rate amounting to about 60% of that of the fully active state. However, external ATP : ADP ratios were considerably different in various systems at comparable rates of oxygen uptake, being the lowest under conditions when ATP was being utilized externally. On this basis, it is concluded that the respiratory rate is controlled directly by the proton motive force and the mitochondrial ATP-synthesizing system operates under near equilibrium conditions with respect to the membrane energy state parameters. However, a disequilibrium exists at the step of the transport of ATP from mitochondria to the external (cytoplasmic) compartment. PMID- 7284344 TI - Sub-microsecond chlorophyll a delayed fluorescence from photosystem I. Magnetic field-induced increase of the emission yield. AB - (1) In photosystem I (PS I) particles in the presence of dithionite and intense background illumination at 290 K, an external magnetic field (0-0.22 T) induced an increase, delta F, of the low chlorophyll a emission yield, F (delta F/F approximately or equal to 1-1.5%). Half the effect was obtained at about 35-60 mT and saturation occurred for magnetic fields higher than about 0.15 T. In the absence of dithionite, no field-induced increase was observed. Cooling to 77 K decreased delta F at 685 nm, but not at 735 nm, to zero. Measuring the emission spectra of F and delta F, using continuous excitation light, at 82, 167 and 278 K indicated that the spectra of F and delta F have about the same maximum at about 730, 725 and 700 nm, respectively. However, the spectra of delta F show more long wavelength emission than the corresponding spectra of F. (2) Only in the presence of dithionite and with (or after) background illumination, was a luminescence (delayed fluorescence) component observed at 735 nm, ater a 15 ns laser flash (530 nm), that decayed in about 0.1 microseconds at room temperature and in approx. 0.2 microseconds at 77 K. A magnetic field of 0.22 T caused an appreciable increase in luminescence intensity after 250 ns, probably mainly caused by an increase in decay time. The emission spectra of the magnetic field induced increase of luminescence, delta L, at 82, 167 and 278 K coincided within experimental error with those of delta F mentioned above. The temperature dependence of delta F and delta L was found to be nearly the same, both at 685 and at 735 nm. (3) Analogously to the proposal concerning the 0.15 microseconds luminescence in photosystem II (Sonneveld, A., Duysens, L.N.M. and Moerdijk, A. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 5889-5893), we propose that recombination of the oxidized primary donor P-700+ and the reduced acceptor A-, probably A-1, of PS I causes the observed fast luminescence. The effect of an external magnetic field on this emission may be explained by the radical pair mechanism. The field-induced increase of the 0.1-0.2 microseconds luminescence seems to be at least in large part responsible for the observed increase of the total (prompt + delayed) emission measured during continuous illumination in the presence of a magnetic field. PMID- 7284345 TI - The effect of temperature and transmembrane potentials on the rates of electron transfer between membrane-bound biological redox components. AB - We have investigated rate data for the temperature and free energy dependence of the primary electron-transfer processes in bacterial photosynthesis. Rather than representing the whole electronic-nuclear coupling by a frequently applied discrete single-mode model, we have incorporated a continuum of modes characterized by a certain distribution function. In this way, we can illuminate the role of both a broad distribution of low-frequency modes representing the medium and a narrow distribution representing local nuclear modes. Furthermore, it emerges from the calculations that both sets are important in the overall scheme of primary photosynthetic electron-transfer processes. By means of this model and quantum-mechanical rate theory, we can reproduce a number of important features of the primary photosynthetic processes concerning in particular the temperature (tunnelling or thermally activated nuclear motion) and free energy dependence ('normal', 'activation-less', or 'inverted' regions) of the rate constants and estimate such parameters as nuclear-reorganization energy electron exchange integrals and electron-transfer distances. We have finally considered some of the important factors which determine the potential drop across the membrane and estimated the extent to which variations in the potential drop affect the rate constants of the electron-transfer processes. PMID- 7284342 TI - Specific photoisomerization of retinal in squid rhodopsin and metarhodopsin. AB - The composition of retinal isomers in the photosteady-state mixtures formed from squid rhodopsin and metarhodopsin was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. A large amount of 9-cis-retinal was obtained at liquid N2 temperature when rhodopsin was irradiated with orange light, but only small quantities of 9-cis-retinal were obtained at 15 degrees C. Scarcely any 9-cis retinal was produced from metarhodopsin by irradiation at liquid N2 temperature. A large quantity of 7-cis-retinal was found in the photoproduct of rhodopsin irradiated at solid carbon dioxide temperature, but not at 15 degrees C and liquid N2 temperature. 7-cis-Retinal was not produced from metarhodopsin at any temperatures. These results indicate that the photoisomerization of retinal is regulated by the structure of the retinal-binding site of this protein. The formation of 9-cis- and 7-cis-retinals is forbidden in the metarhodopsin protein. PMID- 7284346 TI - Dark modulation of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the chloroplast. AB - The properties of the system which reverses light modulation of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in pea chloroplasts were examined. A factor catalyzing dark modulation of these enzymes was found. This factor cochromatographed with thioredoxin in all systems used (Sephacryl S-200, Sephadex G-75, DEAE-cellulose). Inhibition of dithiothreitol dependent modulation and of dark reversal by antibody against Escherichia coli thioredoxin further suggest that the dark factor is in fact thioredoxin. It appears that the reaction is the reverse of the previously described dithiothreitol-dependent thioredoxin-catalyzed modulation of enzymes. The limiting step in vitro seems to be the oxidation of thioredoxin during the dark period. PMID- 7284347 TI - The effect of the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone on K+ transport, ATP level and intracellular pH of Chlorella fusca. AB - 1. Low concentrations of the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) induced net K+ uptake by Chlorella fusca, optimal concentrations being 3 microM CCCP in the light and 1 microM CCCP in the dark. Higher concentrations increasingly stimulated K+ release. 2. Measurements of the unidirectional K+ fluxes showed that CCCP-induced net K+ uptake in the light was mainly a consequence of an inhibition of efflux. In the dark, influx was slightly stimulated in addition. 3. In conditions of CCCP-induced net K+ uptake, the ATP level was decreased by less than 10%. With higher CCCP concentrations it fell drastically. 4. By means of the 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione distribution technique, an acidification of the cell interior on the addition of CCCP was found. 5. It is concluded that uncoupler-induced net K+ uptake is due to an enhanced proton leakage into the cell across the plasmalemma. Intracellular acidification by this process stimulates ATP-dependent K+/H+ exchange which, in itself, is not affected at low uncoupler concentrations. PMID- 7284349 TI - The detergent and salt effect on the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex from green plants. AB - The light harvesting accessory pigment-protein complex (LHC) with a chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio of 1.2 was isolated by treating pea chloroplasts with Triton X 100. The LHC was used to investigate the action of ionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and non-ionic (Triton X-100) detergents. By optical methods (absorption and fluorescence spectra, measurements of fluorescence yield, phi, and lifetime, tau) two successive stages of the process were demonstrated, namely (1) interaction between detergent monomers and proteins and (2) solubilization of pigments into detergent micelles, which is facilitated by the presence of salts. The concentration ranges, characteristic of these stages, differ by 1.5-2 orders of magnitude for SDS, but slightly overlap for Triton X-100. At the second stage, certain changes occur in LHC absorption and fluorescence spectra. Several stable states of the LHC were established: (1) an aggregated state formed the presence of 10 mM MgSO4 with tau approximately 0.6 ns; (2) the dialyzed LHC with tau approximately 0.9 ns; (3) the states of the LHC in detergent solution with tau approximately 2.3, 2.9, 3.4 ns; (4) a 30 kilodalton monomer obtained by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with tau approximately 4.1 ns. The fluorescence parameters of the LHC states were compared with those of Chl a in detergent micelles (for the micelles tau = 5.6-6.0 ns). The tau/phi ratio (the criterion for emission heterogeneity) for the LHC in the absence of a detergent was shown to be higher at least by a factor of 3.5 than that for Chl a in the presence of a detergent. Successive additions of the detergent to the LHC cause gradual decrease in the tau/phi ratio, and for the LHC monomer it reaches practically the same value as for Chl a in detergent micelles. The results are discussed on the basis of the data obtained previously, It is suggested that in vivo LHCs do not form such aggregates as in water solution without a detergent. PMID- 7284348 TI - Membrane-surface electric properties of triton-fractionated spinach subchloroplast fragments. AB - Surface charge density of subchloroplast fragments fractionated from spinach by Triton X-100 treatment was estimated from cation-induced quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, with the premise that the fluorescence yield is dependent on the surface electric potential of the preparations. Application of the Gouy-Chapman theory of diffuse double layer to the subchloroplast preparations, or treating the surface of the preparations under electric charge regulation conditions yielded a result suggesting the Photosystem II reaction-center preparation (TSF IIa) to be more negatively charged than the Photosystem I reaction-center preparation (TSF-I). Isoelectric points of the subchloroplast fragments were determined by measuring 90 degrees light scattering and more directly by gel isoelectric focusing. Isoelectric points of TSF-I and -IIa were estimated to be 4.8 and 4.0 from light-scattering experiments, and 4.5 and 4.1 from gel electrophoresis, respectively. The TSF-II preparation that contains both a light harvesting complex and the reaction-center (core) complex showed a small cation induced quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. This fluorescence quenching may be ascribed mostly to the regulation of energy transfer in the preparation (Yamamoto, Y. and Ke, B. (1980) Biochim, Biophys. Acta 592, 296-302). Furthermore, the TSF-II preparation showed a broad and indefinite peak in light scattering in the pH range 3-8, suggesting that the complex probably carries a small amount of charge in this pH range. The physiological role of the membrane surface charge of the subchloroplast preparations in membrane structure and cation regulated processes in chloroplast is discussed. PMID- 7284350 TI - Spectral analysis of chlorophyll-protein complexes from higher plant chloroplasts. AB - A spectral analysis of chlorophyll-protein complexes was carried out to gain information about the state of chlorophyll in vivo. A light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex and a Photosystem I complex were isolated from pea and from wheat chloroplasts by treatment with 0.5% Triton and centrifugation in a sucrose gradient. Resolution of absorption spectra (89K) of these fractions showed that their forms of chlorophyll were not altered by the isolation procedure. However, because the sum of the spectra of the fractions had a different shape from the chloroplast, it may be assumed that a third chlorophyll protein complex was lost or changed in terms of the state of its chlorophyll. The spectrum of this missing chlorophyll was calculated and found to have a maximum near 683 nm. Circumstantial evidence indicates that this calculated spectrum may represent the native absorption of antenna chlorophyll a-protein of Photosystem II. The proportionality between the major absorbing forms of chlorophyll observed by curve analysis of different fractions suggests that the 660 and 678 nm forms may be the result of exciton interaction. The addition of a very small, narrow 675 nm band caused a very large improvement in fitting the spectrum of the antenna chlorophyll a/b protein with component bands, but not in Photosystem I spectra. A direct comparison of curve resolution with fourth derivative analysis shows the advantages of the former for studying the states of chlorophyll in vivo. PMID- 7284352 TI - Free-energy change of photosystem II as measured by delayed luminescence. PMID- 7284351 TI - The involvement of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in cyclic electron transport in chloroplasts. AB - The sites of action, in spinach thylakoid, of known inhibitors of electron transport at the reducing end of photosystem I have been more accurately located by parallel investigation of effects on three partial reactions: photo-reduction (from water) of added NADP+, photoreduction of added cytochrome c, and dark reduction of cyto-chrome c by added NADPH. Comparison with inhibitory effects on cyclic electron flow (registered by the slow phase of the electrochromic response during repetitive flash excitation) permitted assessment of the role of ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (ferredoxin: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.18.1.3) in the cyclic electron transport pathway around photosystem I. Disulfodisalicylidenepropane-1,1-diamine inhibited all the above partial reactions except the ferredoxin-dependent photoreduction of cytochrome C. thereby indicating its interference with the reductase or the complexation between reductase and ferredoxin. Studies with purified ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase established it as the sensitive component. Cyclic flow is also sensitive to the above inhibitor and thus presumably involves the reductase. Supporting evidence for this came from studies of inhibition by substituted maleimides, which are inhibitors of electron transfer through the isolated reductase; these also inhibited the slow phase of the electrochromic response and all partial reactions except the photoreduction of cytochrome c. In contrast, an antiserum against the reductase affected only reactions involving NADP. The conclusion is drawn that the pathway of cyclic electron transport includes both ferredoxin and ferredoxin NADP+ reductase, but not the NADP-binding site on the reductase. PMID- 7284354 TI - The relationship between the size of mitochondria and the intensity of light that they scatter in different energetic states. AB - The intensity of light scattered at 90 degrees to the incident beam and the effective hydrodynamic radii of mitochondria incubated under a variety of conditions have been measured. Addition of high concentrations of uncouplers to respiring mitochondria resulted in a decrease in scatter which was not due to swelling. Addition of valinomycin to mitochondria depleted to substrate in K+ free medium produced an increase in scatter that was not due to shrinking. It is concluded that changes in the intensity of scattered light are not reliable indices of changes of volume of mitochondria, and the changes in conformation with changes in metabolic state dominate changes in light scatter. A molecular mechanism for the effect of metabolic state upon the scattered intensity is suggested. PMID- 7284353 TI - A 31P-NMR study of the effects of reflow on the ischaemic rat heart. AB - (1) The recovery of perfused rat hearts experiencing various lengths of total global ischaemia was studied using 31P-NMR. Mechanical function was monitored by measuring left ventricular pressure. (2) Hearts exposed to a maximum of 14 min total global ischaemia regained stable contractile function on reperfusion. The concentration of phosphocreatine in these hearts rapidly exceeded its pre ischaemic value while that of ATP rose very slowly. Pi fell on reflow to approximately its original level. These observations are interpreted as being the result of a rapid turnover of ATP stimulating phosphocreatine production by the mitochondrial isozyme of creatine kinase (ATP: creatine N-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2). (3) The recovery of intracellular pH on reperfusion does not depend upon the duration of ischaemia, nor on the pH or the percentage of ATP depletion at the end of the ischaemic period. This indicates that pH recovery is a flow dependent phenomenon. (4) In non-recovering hearts, multiple Pi resonances are observed which arise from areas of differing myocardial pH. Phosphocreatine levels did not rise above 50% of their pre-ischaemic values. ATP levels remained depressed. This suggests that localized tissue necrosis only characterizes the failing situation. PMID- 7284355 TI - Kinetics of cytochrome b reduction in submitochondrial particles. AB - (1) In agreement with Eisenbach and Gutman (Eisenbach, M. and Gutman, M. (1975) Eur. J. Biochem. 52, 107--116) the reduction of cytochrome b in beef-heart submitochondrial particles by succinate in the presence of antimycin was found to be biphasic, the relative amounts of fast and slow phases being dependent on the redox state of a compound located on the oxygen side of the antimycin block. (2) HQNO is a concentration sufficiently large to saturate the specific antimycin- and HQNO-binding sites can substitute for antimycin in these experiments. (3) The rate of the slow phase of the reduction of cytochrome b is decreased under anaerobic conditions and after pretreatment with 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL). (4) In the presence of antimycin and cyanide, cytochrome b-562 is, to some extent, preferentially reduced in the rapid phase and b-566 in the slow phase. (5) The previously proposed regulatory effects of redox-sensitive components X and Y on the redox level and reduction kinetics, respectively, of cytochrome b are ascribed to the role of the Fe-S protein, when it is oxidized, in producing the reductant of cytochrome b by oxidation of QH2, and by the fact that when QH2 is bound to it, the reduced Fe-S protein cannot be oxidized by its natural oxidant, cytochrome c. PMID- 7284356 TI - Single-electron transfer from NADH analogues to singlet oxygen. AB - Laser flash photolysis techniques have yielded rate constants for physical and reactive quenching modes of O2(1 delta g) by nicotine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized and reduced forms) and the reduced forms of nicotinamide mononucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide. In the case of the last four named compounds, kinetic spectroscopy furnished evidence for one-electron transfers to O2(1 delta g). Specifically, production of O2 was demonstrated unequivocally by reaction with 1,4-benzoquinone. Quantitative determinations revealed the extent of reactive quenching to be near 60% in each case. PMID- 7284357 TI - Occurrence of proteins immunoreactive with anti-coupling factor B in phosphorylating membrane preparations. AB - Coupling factor B has been isolated from beef heart mitochondria, apparently in multiple forms which differ in molecular weight and specific activity. Since it has no known intrinsic catalytic activity, detection and quantitation have been based upon the factor B-dependent stimulation of ATP-linked activities in factor B-deficient sub-mitochondrial particles. This communication reports the development of a reliable and more universally applicable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection and quantitation of factor B in soluble or membranous preparations. The assay requires nanoliter volumes of rabbit antiserum raised against purified factor B and will detect nanogram amounts of the coupling factor. Analysis of beef heart submitochondrial particles using a competitive binding ELISA indicated a factor B content of 0.27 nmol/mg protein, making factor B stoichiometric with F1 (0.3--0.6 nmol/mg). Furthermore, application of the factor B ELISA has indicated the presence of material cross reacting with the beef heart factor B-antiserum in phosphorylating membranes from chloroplasts, Escherichia coli, Paracoccus denitrificans and the thermophilic bacterium, PS3. Negative results were obtained with mitochondria and microsomes from rat liver, purple membranes from Halobium halobacterium and sarcoplasmic reticulum from rabbit skeletal muscle. PMID- 7284358 TI - Interfacial potentials at the disk membranes of isolated intact cattle rod outer segments as a function of the occupation state of the intradiskal cation-exchange binding sites. AB - Two different methods have been used to determine the interfacial potential at the disk membranes of intact isolated bovine rod outer segments: (1) The photolysis products of rhodopsin are known to be dependent on pH. We have used this property in order to probe the interfacial potential at disk membranes which is considered to change the surface pH at the disk membrane seen by rhodopsin. (2) The pK value of the amphiphilic pH-indicating dye neutral red (uncharged basic form) in water is 6.6, but adsorbed to disk membranes at least 7.8. This makes the distribution of neutral red between disk membranes and bulk water dependent on the interfacial potential at the disk membrane if the pH in the bulk solution is less than 7.8. Both methods yielded comparable results on the influence of ions and ion carriers on the interfacial potential at disk membranes. In particular, we have studied the effect of different occupation states on the internal binding capacity (of rod outer segments) for divalent cations. In the presence of the ionophore A23187, addition of EDTA to a suspension of intact rod outer segments removed all endogenous divalent cations (Schnetkamp, P.P.M. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 554, 441--459) and resulted in an interfacial pH at the disk membrane surface of about 6.4, whereas the bulk pH was 7.4. Subsequent addition of 2 mM Mn2+ saturated the internal binding capacity and resulted in an apparent shift towards alkaline pH of the surface pH at the disk membrane by 1.0--1.1 pH units. This could indicate a change of the interfacial potential by 60--65 mV. The same change of ionic conditions resulted in a change of the interfacial potential by 72 mV as determined from the partitioning behaviour of neutral red. These results were independent of the presence of H+ ionophores such as carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxy phenylhydrazone and gramicidin. We conclude that the above results can be explained by the presence of fixed net negative charges (charge density: 0.5--1.5 electronic charges/rhodopsin molecule) at the intradiskal membrane surface. That the above charge density can be attributed to the intradiskal membrane surface is inferred from the observation that the presence of A23187 was required for access of divalent cations to the membrane interface involved in both rod outer segments with an intact as well as with a leaky plasma membrane. PMID- 7284359 TI - The effect of 5-(n-alk(en)yl) resorcinols from rye on membrane structure. AB - The increased membrane permeability for K+, glycerol and erythritol, and membrane lysis induced by alkyl and alkenyl resorcinols, respectively, might be due to the interaction with membrane proteins and the formation of reversed micelles. The 5 (n-alk(en)yl) resorcinols show a very high stability at the air/water interface. The molecular area is 0.28 and 0.37 nm2 (at 30 mN/m) for alkyl and alkenyl resorcinols from rye, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments show a miscibility of alk(en)yl resorcinols with phosphatidylcholines. Only for alkenyl resorcinols is a small reduction found in the free energy of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Electron microscopy studies show protein patching in erythrocyte membranes after the addition of resorcinols. The resorcinol-induced K+ release is not influenced by the presence of proteolytic enzymes, but strongly reduced by bovine serum albumin and glycophorin. 31P-NMR measurements show the occurrence of an isotropic and hexagonal signal in egg phosphatidylcholine in the presence of about 30 mol% alk(en)yl resorcinol. PMID- 7284360 TI - Lipid-mediated hemagglutination and its relevance to lectin-mediated agglutination. AB - Oleic acid and dioleoyl phosphatidic acid at low concentrations (20 and 0.5 mu g/ml, respectively) agglutinate rabbit and rat erythrocytes, while dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine is not hemagglutinating up to 0.5 mg/ml. Palmitic acid is not a hemagglutinin and dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid is a very poor one. A polar lipid fraction obtained from calf thymocytes and a commercial preparation of gangliosides also exhibit pronounced hemagglutinating activity. Modification of the erythrocytes by either trypsin or neuraminidase causes a marked increase in agglutination only with oleic acid, whereas glutaraldehyde fixation of the cells significantly decreases agglutination with oleic acid, dioleoyl phosphatidic acid and calf thymocyte lipids. None of the lipids tested agglutinate freshly drawn human and sheep erythrocytes, but agglutination occurs following fixation of the sheep cells with glutaraldehyde. Lipid-mediated hemagglutination is strongly inhibited by fetuin and bovine submaxillary mucin (0.5 mg/ml). Defatted bovine serum albumin, also at 0.5 mg/ml, inhibits agglutination by oleic acid, whereas agglutination by other lipids is only poorly inhibited if at all. Monosaccharides at concentration up to 0.25 M do not inhibit the hemagglutinating activity of the lipids. Comparison of the hemagglutinating properties of lipids and lectins raises the possibility that the agglutinating activity of crude biological extracts which is not inhibited by mono- or oligosaccharides may be due to lipid constituents. Since agglutination by lipids is species specific, they may serve as mediators in intercellular recognition. The mechanism of lipid-mediated hemagglutination is discussed in terms of current concepts of the fusogenic activity of these compounds. PMID- 7284361 TI - Correlation between membrane expansion and temperature-induced membrane fusion. AB - For each phospholipid membrane, there is a characteristic phase transition temperature, and for each phospholipid spherical membrane, there is a specific 'fusion' temperature. In order to examine the possible correlation between temperature-induced membrane fusion and membrane expansion, the relationship between the physical states of phospholipid membranes at both temperatures have been investigated by the use of the monolayer system. Monolayer expansion studies have indicated that the increase in area per lipid molecule, caused by increasing the temperature from the phase transition to the fusion temperature, is approximately the same for five different phospholipids used. With the same temperature increase, phospholipid monolayers containing cholesterol did not expand appreciably. This correlates qualitatively with the greater inhibition of membrane fusion seen in the spherical phospholipid membrane systems when cholesterol was incorporated in the membrane. The effect of pH on the expansion of phosphatidylserine monolayers was also studied in relation to membrane fusion phenomena. The shift in fusion temperature of the spherical phospholipid membranes due to the change of pH is explained by the shift in phase transition temperatures of lipid membranes. The expanded area per molecule in the monolayer caused by increasing the temperature from the phase transition to the fusion temperature was approximately the same irrespective of surface charge densities. PMID- 7284362 TI - Temperature dependence of the size of phospholipid vesicles. PMID- 7284363 TI - Evidence for a dipeptide transport system in renal brush border membranes from rabbit. AB - Papain treatment of renal brush border vesicles was carried out as a successful first step towards the purification of the membrane components involved in dipeptide transport. The treated vesicles exhibited increased specific transport activity of glycyl-L-proline. In contrast, the specific transport activity of L alanine in the treated vesicles was less than that in the control vesicles. Papain treatment resulted in the solubilization of 38% of protein, 55% of alkaline phosphatase, 90% of gamma-glutamyltransferase and 95% of leucine aminopeptidase. There was no change in the intravesicular volume nor was there any increase in vesicular permeability. Glycyl-L-proline transport was Na+ independent in the control and papain-treated vesicles. Diamide reduced the Na+ dependent L-alanine transport while glycyl-L-proline transport remained unaffected in the presence of Na+. Many dipeptides inhibited glycyl-L-proline transport both in the presence and absence of Na+. The inhibition by dipeptides was greater than the inhibition by equivalent concentrations of free amino acids. These data demonstrate that renal brush border vesicles can efficiently handle dipeptides by a mechanism completely different from that of amino acid transport. PMID- 7284364 TI - Cytochalasin B binding to Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and its relationship to glucose carrier. AB - Cultured Ehrlich ascites tumor cells equilibrate D-glucose via a carrier mechanism with a Km and V of 14 mM and 3 mu mol/s per ml cells, respectively. Cytochalasin B competitively inhibits this carrier-mediated glycose transport with an inhibition constant (Ki) of approx. 5.10(-7) M. Cytochalasin E does not inhibit this carrier function. With cytochalasin B concentrations up to 1.10(-5) M, the range where the inhibition develops to practical completion, three discrete cytochalasin B binding sites, namely L, M and H, are distinguished. The cytochalasin B binding at L site shows a dissociation constant (Kd) of approx. 1.10(-6) M, represents about 30% of the total cytochalasin B binding of the cell (8.10(6) molecules/cell), is sensitively displaced by cytochalasin E but not by D glucose, and is located in cytosol. The cytochalasin B binding to M site shows a Kd of 4--6.10(-7) M, represents approx. 60% of the total saturable binding (14.10(6) molecules/cell), is specifically displaced by D-glucose with a displacement constant of 15 mM, but not by L-glucose, and is insensitive to cytochalasin E. The sites are membrane-bound and extractable with Triton X-100 but not by EDTA in alkaline pH. The cytochalasin B binding at H site shows a Kd of 2--6.10(-8) M, represents less than 10% of the total sites (2.10(6) molecules/cell), is not affected by either glucose or cytochalasin E and is of non-cytosol origin. It is concluded that the cytochalasin B binding at M site is responsible for the glucose carrier inhibition by cytochalasin B and the Ehrlich ascites cell is unique among other animal cells in its high content of this site. Approx. 16-fold purification of this site has been achieved. PMID- 7284365 TI - Melittin-phospholipid interaction: evidence for melittin aggregation. PMID- 7284367 TI - Occurrence of passive furosemide-sensitive transmembrane potassium transport in cultured cells. AB - Furosemide (1 x 10(-4) M) inhibits a proportion of the total passive (ouabain insensitive) K+ influx into primary chick heart cell cultures (85%), BC3H1 cells (75%), MDCK cells (40%) and HeLa cells (57%). This action of furosemide upon K+ influx is independent of (Na+ + K+)-pump inhibition since the furosemide sensitive component of the K+ influx is identical in the presence and absence of ouabain (1 x 10(-3) M). For HeLa cells the passive, furosemide-sensitive component of K+ influx is markedly dependent upon the external K+, Na+ and Cl- content. Acetate, iodide and nitrate are ineffective as substitutes for Cl-, whereas Br- is partially effective. Partial Cl- replacement by NO3- gave an apparent affinity of 100 mM [Cl]. Na+ replacement by choline+ abolishes the furosemide-sensitive component, whereas Li+ replacement reduces this component by 48%. Partial Na+ replacement by choline+ gives an apparent affinity of 25 mM [Na+]. Variation in the external K+ content gives an affinity for the furosemide sensitive component of approx. 1.0 mM. Furosemide inhibition of the passive K+ influx is of high affinity, half-maximal inhibition being observed at 5 x 10(-6) M furosemide. Piretanide (1 x 10(-4) M) and phloretin (1 x 10(-4) M) inhibit the same component of passive K+ influx as furosemide; ethacrynic acid and amiloride (both 1 x 10(-4) M) partially so. The stilbene, SITS (1 x 10(-6) M), was ineffective as an inhibitor for the furosemide-sensitive component. PMID- 7284366 TI - Lipid-associated chlorophyll: evidence from 13C-NMR of the photosynthetic spinach thylakoid membrane. AB - The 13C-NMR spectrum at 90.5 MHz has been obtained for the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane of spinach. Specific lipid and chlorophyll resonances can be assigned in the high resolution spectrum, although protein resonances are not observed. It can be estimated from resonance intensities that at least 30% of the plant chlorophyll contributes to the high resolution 13C spectrum with the remainder broadened by incomplete motional averaging. The resonance linewidths of the observed chlorophyll phytol chains are approximately the same as those of the lipid hydrocarbon chains, indicating a similar motional state and suggesting that this particular pool of chlorophyll is lipid-bound or at most only loosely associated with proteins. PMID- 7284369 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a mucin-type glycoprotein from plasma membranes of human melanoma cells. AB - Plasma membranes were isolated from HM7 melanoma cells grown in the presence of [3H]glucosamine and Na2(35)SO4 or [3H]mannose and [14C]glucosamine. The labeled glycoconjugates were solubilized with 0.6 M lithium diiodosalicylate/0.5% Triton X-100. Fractionation of glycoconjugates by repeated chromatography on columns of Sepharose CL-6B and DEAE-Sepharose and by affinity chromatography on WGA Sepharose yielded three radiochemically homogeneous glycoproteins. One of these having an apparent molecular weight of 100,000 was found to contain clusters of (AcNeu)1 or 2 leads to [Gal leads to GalNAc] linked O-glycosidically to the protein. One other glycoprotein contained both O-glycosidically and N glycosidically-linked oligosaccharides, and the third contained only N glycosidically-linked carbohydrates. Preliminary results indicate that the 100,000 molecular weight mucin-type glycoprotein is present in significantly reduced quantitites in cultured human fetal uveal melanocytes. Further, the bulk of the glycoproteins from the melanocytes were of lower molecular size compared to those from the melanoma cells. PMID- 7284370 TI - Study on the dehydrating effect of the red cell Na+/K+-pump in nystatin-treated cells with varying Na+ and water contents. AB - Using the antibiotic Nystatin, we have developed a systematic method for the preparation of red blood cells with independently selected levels of intracellular Na+ concentrations and water content. Such cells provided an experimental model to study the effect of Na+/K+ pump stimulation on red cell water content. Even in initially dehydrated cells, stimulation of the Na+/K+ pump by elevated intracellular Na+ caused subsequent further loss of cell water. Cell water loss was reflected in decreased monovalent cation content per unit mass of hemoglobin and by a shift in the density distribution of the cell populations to higher densities on discontinuous Stractan gradients. We conclude that the 3 Na+out : 2 K+in stoichiometry of the Na+/K+ pump results in a net desalting effect with increased pump activity. Under the conditions of these experiments, the cell appears to have no effective mechanism to compensate for a net loss of ions and water. PMID- 7284371 TI - Na+-dependent, potential-sensitive L-ascorbate transport across brush border membrane vesicles from kidney cortex. PMID- 7284368 TI - Nocodazole inhibition of the vasopressin-induced water permeability increase in toad urinary bladder. AB - Nocodazole is a synthetic antitumor drug that binds rapidly to tubulin. When this drug is applied to toad bladder prior to vasopressin stimulation it inhibits the vasopressin response. A maximum inhibition (68%) is reached with a dose level of 10 micrograms/ml applied one-half hour prior to vasopressin stimulation (20 mU/ml). This compares with an inhibition of 50% seen with a 3-h exposure of the tissue to colchicine (0.1 mM) prior to stimulation with vasopressin. Application of nocodazole (1 microgram/ml) 3 min after hormonal stimulation shows no inhibition of the response at one-half hour past stimulation. These data support the view that microtubules are involved in the vasopressin-induced increase in water permeability in toad bladder and also indicate that this involvement is limited to the period prior to or directly after stimulation. PMID- 7284372 TI - Hemolysis caused by polyoxyethylene-derived surfactants. Evidence for peroxide participation. AB - The hemolytic properties of nonionic surfactants of the series CH3(CH2)15-17-O (CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2OH were investigated and compared to those of saponins, sapogenins and H2O2. Antioxidants and anaerobic conditions were shown to inhibit the hemolysis, while glycyrrhizin was found to enhance it. Similar effects were obtained for H2O2 hemolysis, but not for saponin and sapogenin hemolysis. It is proposed that peroxides and free radicals are mainly responsible for the polyoxyethylene derived surfactants induced hemolysis. PMID- 7284373 TI - Tyrosine transport by membrane vesicles isolated from rat brain. AB - Tyrosine uptake by membrane vesicles derived from rat brain has been investigated. The uptake is dependent on an Na+ gradient ([Na+]outside greater than [Na+]inside). The uptake is transport into an osmotically active space and not a binding artifact as indicated by the effect of increasing the medium osmolarity. The process is stimulated by a membrane potential (negative inside) as demonstrated by the effect of the ionophores valinomycin and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and anions with different permeabilities. Kinetic data show that tyrosine is accumulated by two systems with different affinities. Tyrosine uptake is inhibited by the presence of phenylalanine and tryptophan. PMID- 7284375 TI - Specific requirement for inorganic phosphate for induction of bilayer membrane conductance by the cationic uncoupler carbocyanine dye. AB - The trinucleous divalent cationic cyanine dye triS-C4(5) was shown to be an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria only in reaction medium containing inorganic phosphate (Pi). This dye also induced marked increase in the electrical conductance of a phospholipid bilayer membrane in bathing solution containing Pi, but not in solution containing Tris-HCl buffer without Pi. Time dependent fluctuation of the electrical current across the bilayer membrane was observed in the presence of triS-C4(5) only in bathing solution containing Pi. This fluctuation could be due to perturbation of the bilayer membrane structure induced by the cooperative action of the cyanine dye and Pi, and this perturbation should be directly related to their effects in increasing membrane conductance and also causing uncoupling in mitochondria. PMID- 7284374 TI - Inhibition of anion transport associated with chymotryptic cleavages of red blood cell band 3 protein. AB - Right-side-out vesicles derived from red blood cells treated with chymotrypsin retain specific anion transport function (defined as transport sensitive to the specific inhibitor, 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS), even though the transport protein, band 3, is cleaved into two segments of 60 and 35 kdaltons. In contrast, vesicles derived from alkali-stripped ghosts treated with relatively high concentrations of chymotrypsin retain almost no specific anion function. The loss of function appears to be related to additional cleavages of band 3 protein that occur in treated ghosts, the 60-kdalton segment being reduced first to a 17- and then to a 15-kdalton segment and the 35-kdalton segment being reduced to a 9-kdalton segment plus a carbohydrate containing fragment. The chymotryptic cleavages of band 3 protein of ghosts are preferentially inhibited by high ionic strength, the production of the 9-kdalton segment being somewhat slower than that of the 15-kdalton segment. Vesicles derived from ghosts treated with chymotrypsin at different ionic strengths show a graded reduction in specific anion transport activity, but it was not possible to determine, definitively, which of the additional cleavages was inhibitory. In the light of these data and other information, the functional role of the segments of band 3 is discussed. PMID- 7284376 TI - Mechanism of eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibition by brusatol. AB - The mechanism by which brusatol inhibits protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes has been investigated. When added to reticulocyte lysates, brusatol inhibits endogenous protein synthesis only after a lag of 2-4 min at 30 degrees C. During this period 80 S ribosomes accumulate. Brusatol is equally effective in inhibiting endogenous protein synthesis in lysates and poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis with runoff ribosomes. In fractionated reticulocyte systems, brusatol does not inhibit formation of the ternary, 40 S, and 80 S initiation complexes, but does inhibit the reaction of puromycin with initiation complexes containing [35S]Met-tRNAf. These data suggest that brusatol inhibits the peptidyl transferase elongation reaction of protein synthesis, but can do so only after one round of protein synthesis has been completed. Thus, the mechanism of action of brusatol in the rabbit reticulocyte system is very similar to the effects previously reported for bruceantin in a yeast system. PMID- 7284377 TI - Further characterization of a poly(rA) . oligo(dT)-dependent activity of multiple DNA polymerase alpha from calf thymus. AB - DNA polymerase alpha (EC 2.7.7.7) from calf thymus has been separated into three molecular species, i.e., 10 S DNA polymerase alpha, 6.5 S DNA polymerase alpha-1 and 6.5 S DNA polymerase alpha-2 (Masaki, S. and Yoshida, S. (1978) Biochim, Biophys. Acta 531, 74-88; Yoshida, S., Yamada, M., Masaki S. and Seneyoshi, M. (1979) Cancer Res. 39, 3955-3958). Among these three, 10 S DNA polymerase alpha and 6.5 S DNA polymerase alpha-2 were found to copy efficiently poly(rA) . oligo(dT), a template-primer, which was thought to be specific for DNA polymerase gamma or beta. 6.5 S DNA polymerase alpha-1, however, could not use the ribopolymer as a template. The poly(rA) . oligo(dT)-dependent activities of DNA polymerase alpha species differed markedly from those with activated calf thymus DNA in sensitivity to various reagents: the former was inhibited more than 80% by 80 mM KCl, while the latter was stimulated somewhat. Furthermore, aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha, did not inhibit the poly(rA) . oligo(dT)-dependent activity. 2',3'-DideoxyTTP, a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta or gamma, slightly inhibited the reactions with poly(rA) . oligo(dT), while it did not inhibit the reactions with activated DNA. The apparent Km values for dTTP on poly(rA) . oligo(dT) template were 260 and 70 microM for 10 S alpha and 6.5 S alpha-2, respectively; these values were much higher than those obtained on activated DNA template (8-10 microM). PMID- 7284380 TI - Synthesis and molecular conformation of 2',3'-O-isopropylidene-5'-deoxy-6(R),5' cyclo-5,6-dihydrouridine. AB - The title compound (hereafter abbreviated as 6(R),5'-cyclo-hUrd) is synthesized from 2',3'-O-isopropylidene-5'-deoxy-5'-iodouridine and its molecular structure has been determined by X-ray analysis. 6(R),5'-Cyclo-hUrd crystallizes in space group C2 with Z = 4, and unit-cell dimensions a = 11.220 (2), b = 6.393 (1), c = 18,963 (3) A and beta = 107.98 (1) degrees. The structure was solved by direct interpretation of the three-dimensional Patterson function and refined to a final R index of 0.063. In the crystal the glycosyl torsion angle chi CN is 60.7 degrees (anti conformation) and the dihydrouracil ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The puckering of the ribose ring is an unusual O(1')-exo (P = 267 degrees, tau m = 47 degrees). The coupling constants of the 1H-NMR spectrum measured in C2HCl3 solution indicate that the overall conformation of 6(R),5' cyclo-hUrd found in crystal is also maintained in solution. The theoretical calculations of coupling constants by the finite perturbation theory (FPT) intermediate neglect of differential overlap, self-consistent field molecular orbital (INDO SCF-MO) method indicate that the deviation of the observed coupling constants of sugar ring protons from those predicted by applying modified Karplus type formula to the X-ray structure could be due to the strains around the sugar ring carbon atoms attached by protons. PMID- 7284379 TI - Divalent cation-dependent pyridoxal 5'-phosphate inhibition of Rauscher leukemia virus DNA polymerase: characterization and mechanism of action. AB - We have shown that pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is an effective inhibitor of Rauscher leukemia virus DNA polymerase (Biochemistry 15 (1976) 3620). Detailed studies of this inhibition revealed that, in addition to the phosphate and aldehyde groups of pyridoxal phosphate, the presence of a divalent cation is essential for the inhibitory action. The synthesis directed by template primers containing GC base pairs exhibited more resistance to pyridoxal phosphate inhibition than did that directed by AT base-paired templates. Maximal inhibitory activity of pyridoxal phosphate, however, is noted in the presence of Mn2+, irrespective of which template-primer is used to direct the DNA synthesis. The action of pyridoxal phosphate on the substrate binding site may be deduced from the observations that: (a) only the substrate triphosphate is able to reverse the pyridoxal phosphate-mediated inhibition; (b) the inhibition kinetics exhibit a classical competitive pattern with the substrate; (c) analogous to substrate deoxynucleoside triphosphates the inhibitor is also accepted only in the form of its divalent metal ion complex; and (d) substrate site-specific labeling of RLV DNA polymerase has been shown to occur by linking covalently the pyridoxal phosphate bound to a lysine residue at the substrate binding site. PMID- 7284378 TI - Catabolism of thymidine in human blood platelets: purification and properties of thymidine phosphorylase. AB - A pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase was partially purified from human blood platelets. The purified enzyme, as well as crude enzyme preparations, catalyses the phosphorolysis of thymidine and deoxyuridine, but not of uridine, and is able to catalyse direct pentosyl transfer from these deoxyribonucleosides to uracil or thymine; this enzyme has the properties of a thymidine phosphorylase. It has a molecular weight of about 110,000 and is composed of two identical subunits; it is phosphate dependent, has a maximal activity at a pH value of 5.7, and an isoelectric point of 4.4. This enzyme was mainly of cytoplasmic origin. Although platelet thymidine phosphorylase could promote the degradation or synthesis of thymidine, intact platelets degraded thymidine but were not able to synthesize thymidine from thymine. Blood platelets may play an important role in the degradation of plasma thymidine. PMID- 7284381 TI - Characterization of native 40 S particles from Krebs II mouse ascites tumor cells: resolution, nomenclature and molecular weights of the nonribosomal proteins. AB - Native 40 S particles from Krebs II mouse ascites tumor cells were isolated on a large scale. A nonribosomal protein moiety of about 30 proteins could be removed from the ribosomal particles by treatment with 250 mM KCl. These proteins were analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and turned out to be mostly acidic in nature. The molecular weights of about 17 proteins were determined by three-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Radioactively labelled nonribosomal protein spots were excised from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Radioactively labelled nonribosomal protein spots were excised from two dimensional gels and transferred directly or after electrodialysis onto the third dimension gel. The proteins fell into a molecular weight range from about 20,000 to 300,000. PMID- 7284382 TI - Kinetics of dissociation of quinoxaline antibiotics from DNA. AB - The kinetics of detergent-induced dissociation of triostins A and C and quinomycin C from DNA have been investigated. All three antibiotics dissociate from poly(dA-dT) and poly(dG-dC) in a simple first-order fashion whereas their dissociation from a natural DNA (calf thymus) is complex, requiring three exponential terms for its complete description. This behaviour is attributed to sequence-selectivity on the part of the drugs and seems to represent dissociation from different classes of intercalative binding site. The time constants of dissociation are better resolved for quinomycins than for triostins, consistent with the view that quinomycins are more sequence-specific in their interaction with DNA, but it is not possible to identify any class of binding site with the alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences of the synthetic polydeoxynucleotides. In general, the triostins dissociate an order of magnitude faster than the corresponding quinomycins. This is attributable to a larger entropy of activation, presumably reflecting greater flexibility of the octapeptide ring when the cross-bridge is a disulphide as opposed to the slightly shorter thioacetal found in quinomycins. The longest time constant in the dissociation of each of the four quinoxaline antibiotics from calf thymus DNA correlates well with its antibacterial potency, in agreement with the conclusion that the biological effects result from impairment of the role of DNA as a template for polymerase activity. PMID- 7284383 TI - 5 alpha-Dihydrotestosterone-induced uteroglobin synthesis in rabbit uterus is not inhibited by antiandrogen administration but is prevented by estradiol. AB - The physiological androgen, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), enhances a progesterone-regulated protein (uteroglobin) synthesis in the rabbit uterus. In order to clarify the induction mechanism(s), rabbits were treated for 5 days with DHT alone or concomitantly with a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, RU 23908, or with different doses of estradiol. Uteroglobin content was measured in the uterine fluid by radioimmunoassay and uteroglobin mRNA activity in uterine tissues using cell-free translation in vitro. Uteroglobin induction elicited by DHT was inhibited by a small dose of estradiol, but not by antiandrogen. These results support the idea tha androgens bring about their action on uteroglobin synthesis via a mechanism involving uterine progesterone receptor. PMID- 7284386 TI - Complete assignment and conformational analysis of a deoxyribotetranucleotide. d(TAAT). A 360 and 500 Mhz NMR study. AB - A proton NMR study at 360 MHz and 500 MHz was carried out on the tetranucleoside triphosphate d(TAAT) at a temperature of 27 degrees C. Extensive decoupling experiments allowed a complete and unambiguous spectral assignment. The data are interpreted in terms of the N and S deoxyribose pseudorotational ranges. From the observed proton-proton coupling constants it is calculated that (a) the populations of deoxyribose S-form are as follows: dT(1)-, 85%; -dA(2)-, 97%; dA(3)-, 81%; -dT(4), 64%; and (b) the g+ populations (backbone notation) along the exocyclic C4'-C5' bond in -dA(2)-, -dA(3)- and dT(4) are 82%, 86% and 78%, respectively. From these values, combined with chemical shift considerations, it is concluded that the central -dA(2)-dA(3)- part of the molecule occurs preferentially as a mixture of two right-handed single-helical conformations, denoted S-S and S-N, in a ratio of approximately 8 : 2. This situation closely mimics that found for the 3'-end of d(A-A-A) (Olsthoorn, C.S.M., Bostelaar, L.J., Van Boom, J. H. and Altona, C. (1980) Eur. J. Biochem 112, 95--110). Similarly, the conformational behavior of the dT(1)-dA(2)- and -dA(3)-dT(4) terminals appears roughly identical to that displayed by the corresponding dinucleoside monophosphates. The molecules as a whole does not show signs of cooperatively of stacking. PMID- 7284385 TI - Protection of rat liver 80 S ribosomes against ricin A chain inactivation by proteins extracted from rat liver and wheat germ ribosomal subunits with ammonium chloride/magnesium chloride. AB - Proteins extracted from wheat germ 60 S ribosomal subunits and rat liver 60 S and 40 S ribosomal subunits with 3 M NH4Cl/75 mM MgCl2 were able to prevent the ricin A chain-mediated inactivation of untreated 80 S rat liver ribosomes. The protection of polyphenylalanine synthetic capability of 80 S ribosomes was saturable and reached 100% protection in the presence of about 20 micrograms of extracted protein using a uniform set of assay conditions. No protection was observed using proteins extracted from wheat germ 40 S subunits or the core fraction of rat liver 60 S subunits or protein extracted from Escherichia coli ribosomes or ribosomal subunits. The conclusion that the protective effect of extracted 60 S subunit proteins was specific, was further strengthened by showing that unrelated proteins such as alpha-lactalbumin, bovine serum albumin and lysozyme, and polypeptides such as polylysine and poly(aspartic acid), also showed no protection. If 80 S ribosomes were first treated with ricin A chain and then incubated with proteins extracted from rat liver 60 S subunits, no protection was observed. Proteins extracted with NH4Cl/MgCl2 from 60 S rat liver subunits were applied to carboxymethylcellulose column equilibrated with 6 M urea. Stepwise elution with increasing concentrations of LiCl resulted in seven fractions. One fraction (D) contained most of the protective factor; one fraction (E) contained a lesser amount of the protective factor. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of fraction D showed the presence of ten proteins. These data are consistent with the idea that the enzymatic target of ricin A chain is protein is nature and that fraction D contains one or more proteins that appear to act as a inhibitor against ricin A chain. PMID- 7284387 TI - Identification of a polypeptide component of mouse myeloma DNA polymerase gamma. AB - Mouse myeloma DNA polymerase gamma was extensively purified to a final specific activity of 156 000 units (nmol dTMP incorporation per h) per mg protein on (rA)n.(dT)12-18 as a template primer. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of protein fractions obtained by DNA-cellulose column chromatography revealed that the amount of a polypeptide of Mr = 47 000 changed proportionally with DNA polymerase gamma activity. A minor polypeptide of Mr = 140 000 also seemed to change with the enzyme activity, but other polypeptides did not. Analysis by 125I-labeled peptide mapping indicates that the Mr 47 000 polypeptide in the mouse myeloma DNA polymerase gamma preparation is structurally related to the Mr 47 000 polypeptide of chick embryo DNA polymerase gamma (Yamaguchi, M., Matsukage, A. and Takahashi, T. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 7002 7009). An antibody against chick embryo DNA polymerase gamma cross-reacted with the mouse enzyme, indicating a structural relationship between avian and murine enzymes. Since the Mr 47 000 polypeptide accounts for 31.4% of total protein in the purified preparation, the specific activity is estimated to be about 490 000 units per mg of the Mr 47 000 polypeptide. The rate of poly(dT) elongation by the purified enzyme was 1 260 per nucleotides per min. This value is in the same range as the turnover number (1 530 nucleotides per min per enzyme molecule) which is calculated from the 'expected' specific activity with respect to the Mr 47 000 polypeptide and the molecular weight (Mr = 188 000 on the assumption of a tetrameric structure of the Mr 47 000 polypeptide). Results indicate that the Mr 47 000 polypeptide is a component of the mouse myeloma DNA polymerase gamma. PMID- 7284384 TI - Acute effects of ethanol intake on albumin and total protein synthesis in free and membrane-bound polyribosomes of rat liver. AB - Controversial results have been reported in the last few years concerning the effects of ethanol on hepatic protein synthesis. In most of the studies no distinction has been made between the synthetic capabilities of the polyribosomes and the secretory product of labelled protein by the hepatocytes. In order to assess the influence of a single feeding of ethanol on the synthesis of albumin and total protein by the polyribosomes of rat liver, free and membrane-bound polyribosomes were isolated quantitatively from rats given 4--8 g ethanol per kg body weight 3--5 h before killing. The following results were obtained: (1) No difference was found in yield and size of free and membrane-bound polyribosomes isolated from control and ethanol-treated rats. The abilities to synthesize albumin and total protein were also equal for polyribosomes from both groups. (2) Addition of 1% ethanol to the incubation mixture of protein synthesis lowered albumin and total protein synthesis by 20%. No effect was observed with 0.5% ethanol. (3) Cell sap prepared from ethanol-treated rats contains a factor or factors which stimulate protein synthesis (10--15%). (4) The albumin mRNA sequence content was not changed in free and membrane-bound polyribosomal RNA fractions of ethanol-treated rats as compared to the control animals. PMID- 7284388 TI - Organization of highly purified calf thymus DNA. I. Cleavage into subunits and release of phosphopeptides. AB - DNA (N-DNA) prepared under conditions eliminating the exposure of chromatin to cytoplasmic components exhibits some special properties not observed for DNA prepared by standard methods (S-DNA).N-DNA, having a sedimentation coefficient of 24.7 S and a firmly bound protein content of 0.7%, can be cleaved (in contrast to S-DNA) by treatment with chelating agents, into stable subunits having a mean molecular weight of about 500 000. This cleavage was shown to be an ordered process which involved no enzymatic or shear degradation. It was accompanied by the release of phosphopeptides. The analyses of these phosphopeptides revealed the presence of two main fractions. One contained phosphoserine and glycine (Mr about 1400), and the other contained phosphoserine, glycine, alanine, glutamic and aspartic acids (Mr about 900). The amount of released phosphopeptides could be correlated to the extent of cleavage. PMID- 7284389 TI - DNA methylase during Xenopus laevis development. AB - The DNA methylase activity present in embryos and cultured cells of Xenopus laevis resembles DNA methylase from mammalian tissues. Little or no activity is found in mature germinal vesicles, though nuclear activity rises rapidly after fertilization. This rise may result in part from a relocation of cytoplasmic enzyme. PMID- 7284390 TI - Crystal and molecular structure of the antibiotic blasticidin S hydrochloride pentahydrate. AB - The three-dimensional structure of blasticidin S hydrochloride pentahydrate, a member of the cytosine amino nucleoside antibiotics, has been solved using diffractometer data and refined to an R value of 0.115. The crystal data are a = 13.500(5), b = 20.387(7), c = 4.824 A, beta = 98.66(3) degrees, Z = 2, Dc = 1.389 g .cm-3, space group P21. The nucleoside base conformation is anti(chi = 86 degrees) and the 2',3'-unsaturated pyranosyl sugar exhibits a half-chair (degree H5) conformation. The amide plane is twisted from the trans position by about 10 degrees. The guanidium group and the amino group of the amino acid chain are positively charged, while the carboxyl group of the sugar is ionized. The chloride ion is surrounded by water molecules only, in a trigonal prismatic arrangement. The molecule has an extended conformation and there is an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the ammonium group and the carboxyl group. A striking feature of blasticidin is that all the hydrophilic groups lie on one side of the molecule and the hydrophobic groups on the other. Amicetin also shows a similar feature and this might be linked to the commonality of their antibiotic functions. Hydrogen bonds link the hydrophilic sides of adjacent molecules forming double chains parallel to the b-axis. The hydrophobic sides of adjacent double chains are separated by a water layer. PMID- 7284393 TI - Influence of the ionic environment on the in vitro transcription of the spinach plastid DNA by a selectively bound RNA-polymerase DNA complex. AB - The in vitro transcription of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) is studied using a DNA protein complex isolated from spinach plastids. The RNA products are compared to the in vivo synthesized ctRNA by competition for hybridization. At least 80% of the in vitro RNA sequences are present in vivo. Modifications of ionic strength or introduction of heparin in the reaction medium has an important effect on transcriptional activity of the complex. Furthermore, the length of the RNA chains increases ionic strength and amount of heparin. The RNA products are analysed by Southern hybridizations to EcoRI cTDNA fragments. Changes in the ionic strength or in the amount of heparin modify heterogeneously the transcription of the various DNA regions. The quantitative distribution of transcripts among the ctDNA fragments is used as evidence for the selectivity of the transcription. The activity of the DNA-protein complex is much more resistant to high ionic strength than an heterologous transcription system using Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and ctDNA. This latter system transcribes less ctDNA fragments. PMID- 7284391 TI - Quantitation of the repair of gamma-radiation-induced double-strand DNA breaks in human fibroblasts. AB - The quantitation and repair of double-strand DNA breaks in human fibroblasts has been determined using a method involving the nondenaturing elution of DNA from a filter. DNA from cells from two human fibroblast lines exposed to gamma-radiation from 0 to 10 000 rad showed increasing retention on a filter with decreasing radiation dose, and the data suggested a linear relationship between double strand breaks induced and radiation dose. The ability of normal human fibroblasts to repair double-strand breaks with various doses of radiation was demonstrated, with a t 1/2 of 10 min for repair of 5000 rad exposure and 39 min for repair of 10 000 rad damage. The kinetics of the DNA rejoining were not linear and suggest that, as in the repair of single-strand breaks, both an initial 'fast' and a later 'slow' mechanism may be involved. PMID- 7284392 TI - A histone H4-specific methyltransferase. Properties, specificity and effects on nucleosomal histones. AB - A histone H4-specific methyltransferase was purified 80-100-fold from nuclei of calf lymphocytes and from calf thymus. Some biochemical properties of the enzyme are described. The enzyme transfers in vitro methyl groups from S adenosylmethionine preferentially to the lysine residue 20 of histone H4. This is the major in vivo methylation site of H4. DNA-bound or nucleosomal H4 is not methylated in vitro. We have used methylated and unmodified H4 (in the presence of sufficient quantities of the other core histones) for nucleosome reconstitution in vitro and have not found significant differences in the efficiencies of assembly. PMID- 7284394 TI - Purification and some properties of ATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease of Caulobacter crescentus. AB - An ATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease has been partially purified from extracts of Caulobacter crescentus cells in a procedure involving ion-exchange and affinity chromatography. The enzyme was purified approximately 350-fold and was free of contaminating nucleolytic and ATPase activity. The nuclease hydrolyzes linear, double-stranded DNA with subsequent release of short oligonucleotides, mostly from one to four bases in length. The release of nucleotides is accompanied by hydrolysis of ATP, 7.6 nmol ATP being consumed for each nmol of acid-soluble products of DNA degradation. The enzyme shows an absolute requirement for divalent cations and in most active at pH 7.6 to 8.8. The molecular weight of the nuclease, estimated by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, is 280 000. PMID- 7284395 TI - Serum stimulation of plasma protein synthesis in culture is selective and rapidly reversible. AB - Primary hepatocyte monolayers, derived from chick embryos, can be cultured from the onset in a completely chemically defined medium, free of added hormones. The liver cells synthesize and secrete a wide spectrum of plasma proteins for several days in this serum-free environment. Addition of fetal bovine serum elicits a 3-5 fold increase in the production of certain plasma proteins: fibrinogen, albumin, and the alpha1-globulin M. This effect of serum is selective; transferrin and plasminogen syntheses are enhanced less than 1.5-fold. Significant stimulation is observed with 0.1% fetal bovine serum, and half-maximal values for individual plasma proteins are obtained with concentrations ranging between 0.4 and 1%. The stimulatory activity of serum shows no developmental or species specificity. Plasma is active as serum derived from the same blood sample. The hepatocytes respond rapidly to serum, significant changes in albumin synthesis occurring less than 1 h after serum addition or removal. The effect of short exposure is fully reversible. These results establish the capacity of low concentrations of serum to stimulate plasma protein synthesis and underscore the importance of studying the effects of hormones and other factors under serum-free conditions. The findings suggest that, in addition to the classical hormones, ubiquitous but as yet uncharacterized serum components play a role in controlling this major hepatic function. PMID- 7284396 TI - Repair of ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damage in vibrio cholerae. AB - Repair of ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damage in a highly pathogenic Gram negative bacterium, Vibrio cholerae, has been examined. All three strains of V. cholerae belonging to two serotypes, Inaba and Ogawa, are very sensitive to ultraviolet irradiation, having inactivation cross-sections ranging from 0.18 to 0.24 m2/J. Although these cells are proficient in repairing the DNA damage by a photoreactivation mechanism, they do not possess efficient dark repair systems. The mild toxinogenic strain 154 of classical Vibrios presumably lacks any excision repair mechanism and studies of irradiated cell DNA indicate that the ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers may not be excised. Ultraviolet-irradiated cells after saturation of dark repair can be further photoreactivated. PMID- 7284397 TI - Physical association modeling of DNA alkylation. Some DNA conformational aspects. AB - The widespread occurrence of physical binding between biological macromolecules and small molecules has prompted us to hypothesize that physical binding contributes to DNA alkylation specificity. The preferred physical binding sites for a CH+3-like test probe were predicted for several sequences of DNA using molecular mechanics free space calculation methods. Sequences containing A = T basepairs direct physical binding to the minor groove, whereas sequences containing G identical to C basepairs direct physical binding to the major groove. Physical binding calculations were also performed for model 'unwound' DNA conformations. The results of the test probe studies were subsequently employed as starting points to predict the preferred physical binding sites for the more complicated case of an actual alkylating agent, the dimethylaziridinium ion. These studies demonstrate that physical binding specificity is highly dependent upon DNA sequence and conformation, and correlates well with the DNA alkylation site specificity observed for alkylating agents in th dimethylaziridine class. PMID- 7284398 TI - Specificity of porcine liver gal beta (1 leads to 3)galnac-r alpha(2 leads to 3) sialyltransferase sialylation of mucin-type acceptors and ganglioside GM1 in vitro. AB - Porcine liver microsomes are capable of transferring sialic acid from CMP-NeuAc to [14C]galactosylated ovine submaxillary asialo-mucin, porcine submaxillary asialo/afuco-mucin and ganglioside GM1. The specificity of the porcine liver sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate: D-galactosyl-glycoprotein N acetylneuraminyltransferase, EC 2.4.99.1) towards the first acceptor, [14C]Gal GalNAc-protein, was investigated by means of methylation studies on the oligosaccharides changes cleft-off from the sialylated product glycoprotein by beta-elimination under reductive conditions. It appeared that sialic acid was transferred solely to position C-3 of galactose residues on Gal beta(1 leads to 3)GalNAc disaccharide units. Transfer to GalNAc residues was completely absent. Competition experiments and heat activation studies suggested that the same enzyme also converts ganglioside GM1 to ganglioside GD1a. Therefore, this porcine liver sialyltransferase can be designated as a Gal beta(1 leads to 3)GalNAc-R alpha(2 leads to 3) sialyltransferase. PMID- 7284399 TI - A reinvestigation of the mechanism of delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase from bovine adrenal glands. AB - The mechanism of the isomerization of androst-5-ene 3,17-dione by the isomerase of bovine adrenals has been reinvestigated using the methodology previously developed for the study of the bacterial enzyme of Pseudomonas testosteroni. However, owing to the lower activity of the mammalian enzyme, competitive non enzymic reaction cannot be neglected. It has been shown that even in the absence of spontaneous isomerization, epimerization and exchange of the label on C4 takes place in the buffer. This prevents any quantitative discussion of the course of the reaction. It is however possible to conclude that the mechanism we have proposed for the bacterial enzyme that is, besides the classical 4 beta leads to 6 beta transfer and exchange with the medium, a competitive abstraction of the 4 alpha proton, accounts for the data obtained with the mammalian microsomes. PMID- 7284400 TI - Acid phosphatase from needles of Pinus silvestris L. Purification of two interconvertible enzyme forms and characterization of a low-molecular weight factor associated with the enzyme. AB - Two main forms of acid phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum), EC 3.1.3.2) have been isolated from needles of Pinus silvestris L. The isoelectric points determined by isoelectro-focusing are 3.6 and 9.4. The molecular weights of both forms were estimated as 68 000. The two forms have similar kinetic properties. Chromatography of the acidic enzyme form on DEAE cellulose results in conversion to the basic form. Interconversion in the reverse direction was demonstrated to occur on incubation of the basic enzyme form with a pine-needle homogenate or with a low-molecular weight fraction thereof. These findings suggest that the interconvertibility between the main enzyme forms is a result of an association of the basic form with a low-molecular weight factor carrying multiple negative changes. This factor has been purified and tentatively identified as an oligoribonucleotide or a fragment of RNA. The implications of these findings for the application of acid phosphatase isoenzymes as genetic markers in forest trees are discussed. PMID- 7284401 TI - Kinetic mechanism and inhibition of human liver thymidine kinase. AB - Thymidine kinase (ATP : thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.21), purified to apparent homogeneity from human liver, was found to have Michaelis constants for thymidine and ATP of 5 and 90 microM, respectively. Based on studies of initial velocity and product inhibition, the enzyme kinetic mechanism is compatible with an ordered sequential reaction with thymidine binding first and thymidine monophosphate released last. The activity of various triphosphate nucleosides as phosphate donors for human liver thymidine kinase showed little specificity with ATP greater than CTP greater than UTP greater than GTP and the respective Michaelis constants ranged from 0.10 to 0.30 mM. Among various purine and pyrimidine compounds, only TTp and dCTP were effective inhibitors of the enzyme. Inhibition with TTP was competitive with respect to both thymidine and ATP with Ki values of 13.5 and 8.5 microM, respectively, while the inhibition produced by dCTP was complex. Deoxycytidine was found to be an effective nucleoside substrate for human liver thymidine kinase with a Michaelis constant of 6 microM. This finding suggests that human mitochondrial deoxycytidine and thymidine kinase activity is a single protein. PMID- 7284402 TI - Thermostable, ammonium-activated malic enzyme of Clostridium thermocellum. AB - "Malic" enzyme (L-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating, EC 1.1.1.40) was purified from Clostridium thermocellum by DEAE-cellulose, agarose NADP and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The 117-fold purified "malic" enzyme displayed a maximum activity of 135 units/mg at 40 degrees C and represented 0.8% of the total cell protein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the protein suggested 90% purity and an approximate tetrameric subunit molecular weight of 40 000. The enzyme absolutely required both bivalent and monovalent cations for catalysis. Mn2+ and NH4+ were the most effective cationic activators examined. Increasing NH4+ concentration increased both enzyme activity and affinity toward L-malate. The apparent Km for L-malate was 3 X 10(-4) M at 0.4 mM NH4Cl. Enzyme activity increased linearly when temperature was raised between 22-60 degrees C and a Q10 of 2.1 was calculated from an Arrhenius plot. The enzyme was stable at heating at 60 degrees C but was denatured at higher temperatures. The enzyme half-life was 10 min at 72 degrees C. The enzyme displayed a broad pH optimum (7.2-87.2 for Tris-HCl buffer) but was inactivated by p-chloromercuribenzoate. The high thermal stability, low apparent molecular weight and NH4+ activation are properties not common to all previously described "malic" enzymes. PMID- 7284403 TI - Purification and enzymatic properties of an L-leucine aminopeptidase from swine liver. AB - An L-leucine aminopeptidase (alpha-aminoacyl-peptide hydrolase (cytosol), EC 3.4.11.1), having a specificity toward the substrate L-leucine amide, but not toward L-leucyl beta-naphthylamide or L-leucyl p-nitroanilide, has been purified 332-fold from swine liver, with a yield of 8.6%. This is the first purification of this enzyme from hepatic tissue. The purified enzyme submitted to analytical electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips or in polyacrylamide gel showed a single band after straining with Ponceau S Red dye or Amido black, respectively. Purified swine liver L-leucine aminopeptidase, a cytosol enzyme, exhibited a molecular weight of 268 000 +/- 50 000 by gel filtration. It hydrolyzed L-leucine amide substrate and L-leucyl peptides. It was activated by Mg2+ and Mn2+ and inhibited by Co2+ and Zn2+. The optimum pH was 10. It was rather sensitive to heat elevation. Swine liver L-leucine aminopeptidase was inhibited by EDTA, citric acid, isocaproic acid, dodecylamine, aliphatic alcohols and p chloromercuribenzoate but unaffected by monoiodoacetic acid and diisopropyl fluorophosphate. PMID- 7284404 TI - Modification of enoyl-CoA hydratase using diethyl pyrocarbonate. AB - Diethyl pyrocarbonate inactivates enoyl-CoA hydratase (L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA hydro lyase, EC 4.2.1.17) with a second-order rate constant of 1.3 M-1 X s-1. Partial protection is given against inactivation by the substrate analogue acetoacetyl CoA. The single histidine per enzyme subunit is completely modified at a rate considerably faster than inactivation, and enzymatic activity is not restored by treatment with hydroxylamine. No tyrosine, cysteine or tryptophan residues are modified by diethyl pyrocarbonate. However, out of the 22 amino groups per subunit, 2-5 groups do react with diethyl pyrocarbonate, as shown by difference titration with methyl [1-14C]-acetimidate. Destruction of N-terminal serine residue by periodate oxidation lowers, but does not abolish enzyme activity. Experiments using 3H-labelled diethyl pyrocarbonate show that the loss of 85% of the original activity is accompanied by the incorporation of approx. three carbethoxy groups. One amino acid residue reacts much faster than the others, and is not essential for activity. Of the next two groups reacting, one is apparently essential for activity. Modification with diethyl pyrocarbonate does not lead to any gross changes in the structure of the enzyme. These experiments taken together show that, in contrast to other hydratases, histidine is not involved in the catalytic mechanism of enoyl-CoA hydratase, and suggest that a single residue is important for activity. PMID- 7284405 TI - Interaction of some trialkyl phosphorothiolates with acetylcholinesterase. Characterization of inhibition, aging and reactivation. AB - The reaction of bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) with a set of structurally related phosphorothiolates was studied in order to investigate the properties of the phosphorylated enzymes and to identify the leaving group. OOS- and OOS-trimethyl phosphorothiolates and their triethyl analogues inhibit acetylcholinesterase reversibly and by progressive inhibition, and the phosphorylated enzymes undergo both spontaneous reactivation and aging. For each compound the enzyme-inhibitor dissociation constant, and the rate constants for inhibition (ka), reactivation and aging have been derived. The OOS-compounds are more potent inhibitors than the OOS-compounds, and the derived inhibited enzymes reactivate and age faster. By comparing reactivation and aging rate constants with those obtained from phosphorylated enzymes of known structure it was concluded that the leaving group of during phosphorylation is the S-alkyl. SSS-trimethyl and -triethyl phosphorothiolates also form reversible complexes and inhibit the enzyme progressively. With these inhibitors the phosphorylated enzymes did not reactivate either spontaneously or in response to oximes under conditions successful for the other inhibitors. The ka values (37 degrees C, pH 7.4) range from 30 M-1 X min-1 (OOS-trimethyl phosphorothiolate) to 6.7 X 10(3) M-1 X min-1 (OOS-triethyl phosphorothiolate) as compared to 1.25 X 10(5) M-1 X min-1 determined for isomalathion (O, S-dimethyl S-(1,2-dicarbethoxyethyl) phoshporodithioate), which was used as one of the reference compounds. If the inhibitory potency of the trialkyl phosphorothiolates is calculated from measurements made after a fixed preincubation time the results in ka values will be misleading. PMID- 7284406 TI - Chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+). Reactivity of essential cysteine residues in holo- and apoenzyme. PMID- 7284407 TI - Modification of essential arginine residues of pigeon liver malic enzyme. AB - The reaction of pigeon liver malic enzyme (L-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.40) with dicarbonyl compounds (2,3 butanedione, methylglyoxal, 2,4-pentanedione, and phenylglyoxal) resulted in a rapid loss of its enzymatic activity. The inactivation showed pseudo-first-order kinetics for all the dicarbonyls studied. All the log (pseudo-first-order rate constants) vs. log (dicarbonyl concentration) plots had slopes of near one, indicating approx. 1 : 1 reagent-active site complexes. Butanedione inactivation was reversible and was buffer-dependent. Pentanedione-modified enzyme showed a new absorption peak at 310 nM. NADP could completely protect the enzyme from inactivation. Oxaloacetate, ADP, AMP, NMN and adenosine were also effective in protection. Complete inactivation of the enzyme was accompanied by a loss of about six arginine residues per enzyme monomer. Butanedione-modified enzyme still bound NADPH as shown by fluorescence titration, nor was it binding with NADP impaired as determined by equilibrium gel filtration. The arginine residues, therefore, do not function in the coenzyme binding. However, the binding between the modified enzyme and [14C]malate was significantly decreased. These results led us to conclude that the arginine residues of malic enzyme are involved in the binding of the carboxyl group of substrate malate. PMID- 7284408 TI - Degradation of linoleic acid hydroperoxides by a cysteine . FeCl3 catalyst as a model for similar biochemical reactions. I. Study of oxygen requirement, catalyst and effect of pH. PMID- 7284410 TI - Degradation of linoleic acid hydroperoxides by a cysteine . FeCl3 catalyst as a model for similar biochemical reactions. III. A novel product, trans-12,13-epoxy 11-oxo-trans-9-octadecenoic acid, from 13-L (S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11 octadecadienoic acid. PMID- 7284409 TI - Degradation of linoleic acid hydroperoxides by a cysteine . FeCl3 catalyst as a model for similar biochemical reactions. II. Specificity in formation of fatty acid epoxides. AB - 1. The degradation of linoleic acid hydroperoxide by cysteine and FeCl3 resulted in formation of a number of oxygenated fatty acids, among which isomeric epoxyoxooctadecenoic and epoxyhydroxyoctadecenoic acids were major products. Pure isomeric hydroperoxides, either 13-L(S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11 octadecadienoic acid or 9-D(S)-hydroperoxy-trans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid, were transformed into either 12,13-epoxides or 9,10-epoxides, respectively. 2. From 13-L(S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid, the epoxides were identified as trans-12,13-epoxy-9-oxo-trans-10-octadecenoic acid, trans-12,13 epoxy-9-hydroxy-trans-10-octadecenoic acid, cis-12,13-epoxy-9-oxo-trans-10 octadecenoic acid, trans-12,13-epoxy-erythro-11-hydroxy-cis(trans)-9-octadecenoic acid and trans-12,13-epoxy-threo-11-hydroxy-cis(trans)-9-octadecenoic acid. 3. The 12,13-epoxides were found to be optically active, indicating that the chiral center of the 13-L(S)-hydroperoxy carbon was retained. 4. Although many epoxy fatty acids previously have been identified as linoleic acid hydroperoxide products, this study reports a more complete structural analysis of the various epoxides and allows an assessment of the mechanisms of their formation from hydroperoxides. PMID- 7284411 TI - Side-chain oxidation of monooxygenated C27- and C29-steroids in rat liver mitochondria and 18000 x g supernatant. AB - The 24-, 25- and 26-hydroxylation of 4-cholesten-3 alpha-ol, 4-cholesten-3 beta ol, 5-cholesten-3 alpha-ol, 5-cholesten-3 beta-ol, 5 alpha-cholestan-3 alpha-ol, 5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol, 5 beta-cholestan-3 alpha-ol, 5 beta-cholestan-3 beta ol, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5 alpha-cholestan-3-one, 5 beta-cholestan-3-one and the 24 alpha-ethyl derivatives of 5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol, 5 beta-cholestan-3 alpha ol, 5 beta-cholestan-3 beta-ol and 4-cholestan-3-one were studied in rat liver mitochondria (8500 x g sediment fractions fortified with isocitrate) and in rat liver microsomes (18000 x g supernatants supplemented with NADPH). In the mitochondria, all C27-substrates and probably all C29-substrates were found to be omega-hydroxylated. From 24 alpha-ethyl-5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol and 24 alpha ethyl-4-cholesten-3-one two omega-hydroxylated products were identified. All C27- but no C29-steroids were found to be 24- and 25-hydroxylated. The yield of omega hydroxylated metabolites were much higher than those of the 24-, and 25 hydroxylated products. The omega-hydroxylation of the C29-steroids amounted to 3 50% of that found for the corresponding C27-steroids. In the 18000 x g supernatant only one substrate, 5 beta-cholestan-3 alpha-ol, was found to be 25- and 26-hydroxylated and no 24-hydroxylation of any steroid could be detected. PMID- 7284412 TI - Glycerolipid biosynthesis in rat adipose tissue. 7. Effect of age, site of adipose tissue and cell size. AB - Adipose glycerolipid formation was studied in relation to age, site of adipose tissue and cell size in developing rats. Glycerolipid formation was measured in vitro in the presence of [14C]glycerol 3-phosphate, palmitate, ATP, CoA and Mg2+ by using adipocyte homogenates derived from various age groups of animals. In the epididymis fat pads, glycerolipid formation was very low in 15-day-old rats, increased 5--6 fold in 30-day-old rats and reached maximal at 60 days of age. This rise in glycerolipid formation with age was related to increase in the adipocyte size. At latter ages, in spite of the increase in adipocyte size, glycerolipid formation declined. The decline in glycerolipid formation with age was also apparent in the perirenal and subcutaneous adipocytes. Adipocyte homogenates derived from various age groups of animals and form various fat depots formed phosphatidate, diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol as the major reaction products from [14C]glycerol 3-phosphate. The proportions of the various lipids formed changed significantly as a function of age of the animal. In addition, changes in the adipocyte size with age were determined. Adipose tissues from 15-day-old rats contained smaller adipocytes with a mean cell diameter around 30 micrometer. As the rats grew older, the presence of more larger adipocytes was detected in their fat depots. These studies suggest that adipose glycerolipid synthesis changes with age and anatomical location of the adipose organ independently of the adipocyte size. PMID- 7284413 TI - Metabolic fate of VLDL apolipoproteins B and E in hepatectomized rats. AB - The metabolic fate of VLDL apolipoproteins B and E was examined in functionally hepatectomized rats. 1 h after hepatectomy, there was almost complete absence of ultracentrifugally isolated VLDL lipid and protein, including apolipoproteins B and E. Analysis of apolipoprotein concentrations by electroimmunoassay showed hepatectomy did not affect the total serum concentrations of apolipoproteins B and E; thus, hepatectomy caused a redistribution of these apolipoproteins from VLDL to higher density lipoproteins. In the LDL (d = 1.03--1.063 g/ml) fraction, hepatectomy, increased the concentrations of free cholesterol (40%), esterified cholesterol (57%) and protein (18--67%), due to an increase in apolipoproteins B (22--48%) and E (250--300%). After hepatectomy, the HDL fraction accumulated the greatest total amount of apolipoprotein E. Since the majority of apolipoprotein E was isolated in the d greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction after sequential ultracentrifugation, the redistribution of apolipoproteins B and E was further defined by fractionation of serum on 5 M agarose columns. Electroimmunoassay of the column fractions showed that the apolipoprotein B peak eluted before the apolipoprotein E peak. Although a considerable portion of apolipoprotein E eluted with A-I, the peak of apolipoprotein E eluted before the A-I peak in both groups. These data suggest that a portion of apolipoprotein E is associated with particles which are similar than LDL but are larger than A-I-rich HDL. Hepatectomy caused an accumulation of apolipoprotein B in LDL, and apolipoprotein E and cholesterol in particles which were smaller than LDL and may represent LDL1. It is likely that under normal physiological conditions the liver plays a role in the removal of these apolipoprotein E-rich particles which are derived, at least in part, from the metabolism of VLDL. PMID- 7284414 TI - Lipid absorption in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats. Effects of 4 aminopyrazolopyrimidine and ethinyl estradiol. AB - Emulsified triacylglycerol containing [14C]palmitate was infused intraduodenally in unanesthetized, unrestrained animals treated with 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine or pharmacologic doses of ethinyl estradiol. 4-Aminopyrazolo-pyrimidine practically eliminated the appearance of radioactivity in plasma but in ethinyl estradiol treated animals the peak of radioactivity and shape of the plasma curve were similar to control, although lower in amplitude. A delayed appearance of radioactivity was also observed in 48-h- compared to 15-h-fasted controls, suggesting a requirement for induction of lipoprotein production prior to fat absorption. PMID- 7284415 TI - Identification of beta-D-mannosylceramide in hepatopancreas of the fresh-water bivalve, Hyriopsis schlegelii. AB - A mannosylceramide was isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography on a 3% borate-impregnated silica gel plate from a monohexosylceramide fraction of the hepatopancreas of the fresh-water bivalve, Hyriopsis schlegelii. It contained only mannose as the sugar component and the ceramide moiety contained mainly sphingosine and palmitic acid. Anomeric configuration of the sugar moiety was determined by enzymatic hydrolysis with beta-D-mannosidase. The concentration of this glycolipid was 5% of the total monohexosylceramide fraction of the hepatopancreas. PMID- 7284416 TI - Beta-oxidation of the geometric and positional isomers of octadecenoic acid by rat heart and liver mitochondria. AB - The cis and trans isomers of delta 4 through delta 16 octadecenoic acid, all present in partially hydrogenated soybean oil, were compared as substrates for beta-oxidation by isolated rat heart and liver mitochondria. The fatty acids were converted to their coenzyme A esters and oxygen uptake rates measured polarographically in the presence of L-malate, L-carnitine, ADP, and optimum albumin. The cis isomers were catabolized in a similar pattern by heart and liver. The even-positioned cis isomers were oxidized significantly more slowly than adjacent odd-positioned isomers. Most odd-positioned cis isomers were oxidized as rapidly as oleoyl-CoA. The pattern of catabolism of the trans isomers, however, was different from the cis isomers. Liver mitochondria oxidized most even-positioned trans isomers significantly more rapidly than adjacent odd positioned isomers. The same pattern was observed with heart mitochondria only for the trans isomers in which the double bond was located near the middle of the acyl chain. Heart mitochondria oxidized nearly all the trans isomers significantly more slowly than stearoyl-CoA; however, liver mitochondria oxidized the even-positioned trans isomers nearly as rapidly as stearoyl-CoA. Both heart and liver mitochondria oxidized the cis isomers, especially delta 9 and delta 11, significantly more rapidly than their respective trans isomers, with three notable exceptions: delta 8, delta 10, and delta 14. 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA epimerase and delta 3-cis-delta-2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase account for most of the observed beta-oxidation patterns. An additional and more efficient pathway for the beta-oxidation of n-6 fatty acids is suggested. PMID- 7284417 TI - Measurement of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein in rat liver and hepatomas by radioimmunoassay. AB - An antiserum was raised against the phosphatidylcholine transfer protein from rat liver by immunization of rabbits. The antiserum was shown to be specific for this protein. A double-antibody radioimmunoassay for the phosphatidylcholine transfer protein was developed. In order to economize the use of second antibody (immunobeads), the specific anti-phosphatidylcholine transfer protein-IgG fraction isolated by affinity chromatography was used. Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein was labelled with 125I by the glucose oxidase-lactoperoxidase method and purified from the reaction mixture by affinity chromatography. Approx. 80% of the tracer was immunoprecipitable. The operating range of the assay was from 4 to 50 ng of transfer protein. This assay was used to determine the levels of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein in the 105000 x g supernatant fractions of rat liver and Morris hepatomas 7777, 7787 and 9633. The values obtained for the tumors were in good agreement with results previously obtained by immunotitration of the phosphatidylcholine transfer activity (Poorthuis, B.J.H.M., Van der Krift, T.P., Teerlink, T., Akeroyd, R., Hostetler, K.Y. and Wirtz, K.W.A., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 600 (1980) 376--386). For normal and host liver, the values determined by the radioimmunoassay were 2--4-fold higher. PMID- 7284418 TI - Glyceroglucolipids of the mucous barrier of dog stomach. AB - Distribution of glyceroglucolipids in the mucous barrier of dog stomach fundus, body and antrum was investigated. Surface mucus lining and preformed intracellular mucus were obtained by instillation of the ligated stomach compartments with 2 M NaCl. Lipids were extracted from the dialyzed and lyophilized samples, and the glycolipids were separated into neutral and acidic fractions. The glyceroglucolipids contained in each fraction were purified into individual components by thin-layer chromatography and were quantified. The content of glyceroglucolipids (mumol glucose/g protein) in the antral portion of the stomach was 2.1 times greater than that of the fundus and 3.4 times greater than that of the body. All three areas of the stomach contained neutral and sulfated glyceroglucolipids. However, the level of sulfated glycerolglucolipids (mumol glucose/g protein) was three times higher in the antrum as compared to the fundus and four times higher as compared to the body. The neutral and sulfated glyceroglucolipids were present in a molar ratio of 1.0 : 0.7 in the fundus, 1.0 : 1.1 in the body and 1.0 : 1.5 in the antrum. PMID- 7284419 TI - Structure of the oligosaccharide chain of lipoglycan from Acholeplasma granularum. AB - The membrane associated lipoglycan from Acholeplasma granularum is a linear oligosaccharide attached to a diacylglycerol. The polymer has a monomeric weight of 20000 and is composed of glucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, N acetylfucosamine, glycerol and fatty acid esters. The proposed structure of the oligosaccharide chain is 12 repeating units of 9 sugars: Glcp(beta 1 leads to 2) Glcp(alpha 1 leads to 4)-Glcp(alpha 1 leads to 3,4)-FcNAc(beta 1 leads to 3) Galp(alpha 1 leads to 3)-Galp(alpha 1 leads to 3)-Galp(alpha 1 leads to 3,4) GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 3,4)-GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 4)-[Glcp(beta 1 leads to 2) Glcp(alpha 1 leads to 4)-Glcp(alpha 1 leads to 3,4)-FcNAc(beta 1 leads to 3) Galp(alpha 1 leads to 3)-Galp(alpha 1 leads to 3)-Galp(alpha 1 leads to 3,4) GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 3,4)-GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 4)]10-Glcp(beta 1 leads to 2) Glcp(alpha 1 leads to 4)-Glcp(alpha 1 leads to 3,4)-FcNAc(beta 1 leads to 3) Galp(alpha 1 leads to 3)-Galp(alpha 1 leads to 3)-Galp(alpha 1 leads to 3,4) GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 3,4)-GlcNAc-diacylglycerol. The position of the linkages (3 or 4) on the amino sugars has not been resolved. PMID- 7284420 TI - Ganglioside composition of rabbit thymus. AB - Gangliosides of rabbit thymus were extracted and analyzed by the ganglioside mapping procedure developed previously. 1 g of thymus contained 205.1 nmol of lipid-bound sialic acid and the relative amounts of monosialoganglioside and di- and trisialoganglioside fractions were 76.6 and 23.3%, respectively, as based on lipid-bound sialic acid. No ganglioside containing N-acetylgalactosamine was detected in rabbit thymus. The predominant component was N-glycoloylneuraminosyl lacto-N-norhexaosyl ceramide, NeuGc(alpha, 2-3)Gal(beta, 1-4)GlcNAc(beta, 1 3)Gal(beta, 1-4)GlcNAc(beta, 1-3)Gal(beta, 1-4)Glc(beta, 1-1) ceramide, which constituted 38.4% of the total gangliosides. The other major gangliosides were N glycoloylneuraminosyl lacto-N-neotetraosyl ceramide (31.3%), GD3 containing N glycoloylneuraminic acid (11.8%), GM3 containing N-glycoloylneuraminic acid (10.6%) and GM3 containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (6.4%). C-18 sphingosine was the only long-chain base in all the gangliosides. Palmitic acid was the major fatty acid of thymus gangliosides and chromatographically more polar gangliosides contained higher proportions of palmitic acid: 46.3% in GM3, 47.5% in GD3, 60.2% in N-glycoloylneuraminosyl lacto-N-neotetraosyl ceramide and 89.6% in N glycoloylneuraminosyl lacto-N-norhexaosyl ceramide. PMID- 7284421 TI - Comparative study on ganglioside compositions of various rabbit tissues. Tissue specificity in ganglioside molecular species of rabbit thymus. AB - Ganglioside compositions of various organs of rabbit (NIBS strain, male, 10 months old) were studied. Organs examined contained lipid-bound sialic acid at various concentrations but the amounts in extraneural tissues were less than one fifth of that in brain. The gangliosides of various tissues were analyzed by ganglioside-mapping and by isolating individual components and determining their structures chemically or enzymatically. According to their backbone asialocarbohydrate chain, the major gangliosides of various tissues were classified into three groups: (1) lactose and ganglio-N-triose (lung, stomach, liver, intestine, kidney, testis and muscle); (2) ganglio-N-tetraose (brain); (3) lacto-N-neotetraose (thymus). 70% of all thymus gangliosides had a lacto-N neotetraose backbone, which was tissue-specific. In marked contrast to the case in other tissues, in thymus N-glycoloylneuraminic acid constituted 90% of the total lipid-bound sialic acid, and all molecular species of thymus gangliosides contained N-glycoloylneuraminic acid. Palmitic acid was a major fatty acid of thymus gangliosides. Distinct differences were found in the fatty acid compositions of gangliosides with longer carbohydrate chains in various tissues. PMID- 7284422 TI - Studies of the interaction between apolipoproteins A and C and triacylglycerol rich particles. AB - We studied the interaction of apolipoproteins A-I, C, and HDL2 with phospholipid stabilized, triacylglycerol-rich particles to learn more about the molecular mechanisms that underlie the metabolism of chylomicrons. Apolipoproteins A-I, C I, C-III1 and C-III2 all bound to and destabilized triacylglycerol-rich particles, apparently by removing phospholipids from the particle surface. None of the apolipoprotein C tested, at any concentration, was, however, able to equal the disruptive effect of apolipoprotein A-I. The destabilizing effects of apolipoproteins A-I and C were not additive. Apolipoprotein C-III1 seemed to lessen the disruptive effect of apolipoprotein A-I by binding competitively to triacylglycerol-rich particles. Unexpectedly, previous binding of apolipoprotein A-I to triacylglycerol-rich particles nearly tripled the ability of these particles to bind apolipoprotein C. Destabilization of triacylglycerol-rich particles by apolipoprotein A-I was prevented by HDL2. The protective effect of HDL2 seemed to depend partly on transfer of unesterified cholesterol from HDL2, since the amounts of unesterified cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I bound to the particles surface showed a strong negative correlation. PMID- 7284423 TI - Importance of the N-terminal sequence in porcine pancreatic colipase. AB - Colipase exists in pancreatic juice in a pro-form which is activated by limited trypsin hydrolysis. During this activation, the N-terminal pentapeptide 1Val-Pro Asp-Pro-5Arg is cleaved. The new N-terminal sequence formed, 6Gly-Ile-Ile-Ile 10Asn, contains three isoleucine residues. The importance of these for stimulating lipase activity has been investigated by successive Edman degradation of epsilon-acetimidolysine residues followed by limited trypsin hydrolysis. The epsilon-amidinated colipase obtained was fully active both with a phospholipid covered triacylglycerol (Intralipid) and tributyrin as substrate. After removal of the three isoleucine residues, the activity of colipase was lost with Intralipid but not with tributyrin as substrate. The shortened colipases regained their Intralipid activity upon addition of long-chain fatty acids. The binding of colipase to lipase was not affected by removal of the isoleucine residues. PMID- 7284424 TI - A new high-yield procedure for the purification of the non-specific phospholipid transfer protein from rat liver. AB - Rat liver contains a non-specific phospholipid transfer protein that transfers phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and sphingomyelin as well as cholesterol between membranes (Bloj, B. and Zilversmit, D.B. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1613-1619). The present paper describes a new high-yield procedure for the purification of this protein which includes fractionation on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-50 and hydroxyapatite. Starting from a pH 5.1 supernatant, a homogeneous protein was obtained after a 1 540-fold purification at a yield of 50%. The protein has a molecular weight of 14 800 as estimated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of SDS. It has a blocked N-terminal amino acid and a tryptophanyl fluorescence emission maximum at 335 nm. Its amino acid composition has been determined and compared to data published by others on similar proteins. PMID- 7284425 TI - Studies on cyclopropane fatty acid synthesis. Correlation between the state of reduction of respiratory components and the accumulation of methylene hexadecanoic acid by Pseudomonas denitrificans. AB - A delay in the onset of accumulation of methylene hexadecanoic acid could be engendered in Pseudomonas denitrificans growing under limited oxygen conditions when the concentration of citrate but not the concentration of succinate in the medium was increased from 0.1 to 0.5%. Ascorbate, which specifically reduced a cytochrome component possessing a maximum absorbance at 551 nm, partially inhibited the accumulation of methylene hexadecanoic acid under conditions which otherwise led to maximal production. Limiting terminal cytochrome oxidase activity by controlling the oxygen supply, or by the use of low concentrations of the oxidase inhibitors cyanide or azide also prevented the accumulation of the fatty acid regardless of the nature or concentration of carbon source in the medium. Measurement of the levels of ATP, NAD and NADH as well as the steady state of reduction of respiratory components in vivo showed that the onset of accumulation of methylene hexadecanoic acid could be specifically correlated with the state of reduction of respiratory components. The uniqueness of succinate respiration in promoting the synthesis of cyclopropane synthetase (unsaturated phospholipid methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.16) under limited oxygen conditions could therefore be assigned to the high degree of oxidation of respiratory components observed under this condition. PMID- 7284426 TI - Synthesis and release of lipids and lipoproteins by isolated rat jejunal enterocytes in the presence of sodium taurocholate. AB - Isolated rat jejunal villus and crypt cells prepared by differential scraping and hyaluronidase dispersion were used in the presence of 8 mM sodium taurocholate to study the incorporation of sn-[3H]glycerol-2-monooleate, [1-14C]palmitate, [1 14C]acetate, L-[4,5(n)-3H]leucine and D-[1-14C]glucosamine into cellular and medium lipids and proteins, respectively. The villus cells were capable of an apparently normal biosynthesis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids, as well as of proteins and glycoproteins despite an altered dye permeability and increased release of cytosolic and membrane enzymes. About 20-30% of the newly formed triacylglycerols and about 35% of the newly formed phospholipids were secreted into the medium and were recovered as triacylglycerol-rich particles. Labelled proteins and glycoproteins were also recovered from this fraction. The crypt cells synthesized about one-half as much triacylglycerol and phospholipid as did the villus cells, but secreted little or no labelled lipid into the postincubation medium. The release into the medium of triacylglycerols synthesized by the villus cells was blocked by a pretreatment of the isolated cells with the microtubule disruptors, nocodazole, colchicine and colcemid; by the amino sugar, D-galactosamine; by the inhibitors of protein synthesis, puromycin and cycloheximide, and by the inhibitor of the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, chlorocholine. These results indicate that the secretion of labelled lipids, proteins and glycoproteins by the upper villus enterocytes in the presence of sodium taurocholate is not entirely due to cell breakage and spillage of contents. It is concluded that incubations of isolated villus cells of rat jejunum with mixed micellar solutions containing 8 mM taurocholate are compatible with an apparently normal biosynthesis and secretion of triacylglycerol-rich particles. PMID- 7284427 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of [14C]ursodeoxycholic acid in the rat. AB - The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of [14C]ursodeoxycholic acid have been studied after intravenous and intraduodenal administrations of tracer doses to bile fistula rats. Control animals were fed a standard diet. Two other groups received the same diet added with UDCA (5 mg/kg body wt. per day) (group A) or (20 mg/kg body wt. per day) (group B) for 3 weeks. The plasma clearance in control and treated animals after intravenous injection of [14C]UDCA (2 microCi. 20 microgram) followed an identical biphasic exponential curve with t 1/2 of 2 and 30 min, respectively. Biliary excretion kinetics were dependent on the treatment; after 10 min of injection, the recovery of radioactivity in bile was 29.8, 19 and 10.9% in group B, A and control, respectively. After intraduodenal administration, the same dose of [14C]UDCA, was rapidly absorbed and excreted in bile. The kinetic process was modified by treatment; at the 30-min peak of radioactivity, the fraction of the dose excreted in bile was: controls, 51.2%; group A, 32.8% and group B, 35.3%. Biotransformation of [14C]UDCA after intravenous and intraduodenal administrations was similar in the three groups. Radioactivity was mainly found as the tauroconjugate of UDCA and less than 5% 14C was recovered as beta-muricholic acid. Bile composition was modified by the UDCA diet as follows: biliary bile acids increased and cholesterol decreased proportionally to the dose; the relative ratio of biliary bile acids was changed, UDCA represented at most 7% in the group B. PMID- 7284430 TI - 1-Acyl-2-lysophosphatidylcholine: phosphatidylglycerol-2-acyltransacylase in lung microsomes and type II pneumocyte-derived cultures. AB - The formation of [3H]phosphatidylcholine from 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylcholine and 1-acyl-2-[9,10-3H]palmitoylphosphatidylglycerol, presumably by 1-acyl-2 lysophosphatidylcholine : phosphatidylglycerol-2-acyltransacylase (phosphatidylglycerol transacylase), was detected in lung microsomes and Set 4 type II pneumocyte-derived cultured cells but not in A549 adenocarcinoma-derived type II cell analogs. There was greater phosphatidylglycerol transacylase activity in Set 4 cells at confluence than at the mid-log stage. Since the phosphatidylglycerol transacylase activity was always markedly less than that observed for 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylcholine : acyl-CoA acyltransferase, the former does not appear to represent a major pathway for synthesis of pulmonary dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. PMID- 7284429 TI - Stabilization of liver lipase in vitro by heparin or by binding to non parenchymal liver cells. AB - The effect of heparin on the secretion of acylglycerol hydrolase activity by isolated parenchymal liver cells was studied. In the presence of heparin, the lipase activity, secreted in 3 h, was almost doubled. Heparin did not influence the activity of the enzyme, but affected the stability of the enzyme. In the absence of heparin, the triacylglycerol hydrolase activity declined to 50% of the initial value during 1 h incubation at 37 degrees C. The addition of heparin prevented this loss of activity almost completely. The optimal stabilization of enzyme activity was reached at 15 U heparin/ml NaCl (1 M) and protamine sulphate (120 microgram/ml) abolished this effect of heparin. Instead of heparin, liver lipase activity could also be stabilized by binding to non-parenchymal liver cells. The results are discussed in connection with the binding of the enzyme in vivo. PMID- 7284428 TI - Evidence for the existence of only one triacylglycerol lipase of rat liver active at alkaline pH. AB - There have been numerous reports suggesting the existence of two or more lipases in liver capable of hydrolyzing triacylglycerols at neutral to alkaline pH. We set out to determine if rat liver contains an alkaline triacylglycerol lipase, in addition to heparin-releasable lipase, which has an intracellular localization. We report here the results of studies concerning the pH dependence, subcellular localization and kinetic analysis of the alkaline lipase(s) of rat liver. Homogenates and cytosolic, microsomal and plasma membrane-enriched subfractions all exhibited an optimum of lipase activity at approx. pH 8.0. In no case was there evidence of multiple pH optima in the alkaline ranges of conformity to Michaelis-Menten kinetics were calculated for the microsomal (0.91 +/- 0.12 mM), cytosolic (1.55 +/- 0.38 mM) and plasma membrane-enriched (1.02 +/- 0.04 mM) subfractions. To determine if the com- and subfractions prepared from control livers with those prepared from livers perfused with collagenase. The loss (93%) of lipase activity from both the cytosolic and microsomal subfractions after collagenase perfusion was identical to the loss (93%) of activity from the homogenates, suggesting a common origin with the collagenase-sensitive alkaline lipase on plasma membrane. The characteristics of hydrolysis in vitro of triacylglycerol contained in artificial and natural substrate preparations by the alkaline lipase of rat liver were examined. The artificial substrate preparation was emulsified tri[1-14C]oleoylglycerol prepared by sonication and the natural substrate preparation was a triacylglycerol-rich lipid fraction ('liver fat') prepared from rat liver homogenates. Although the curves were complex, apparent Km values (mean +/- S.W., n = 3-6) over the limited concentration ranges of conformity to Michaelis-Menten kinetics were calculated for the microsomal (0.91 +/- 0.12 mM), cytosolic (1.55 +/- 0.38 mM) and plasma membrane-enriched (1.02 +/- 0.04 mM) subfractions. To determine if the complexity of these kinetics was related to changes in the products of lipolysis, we examined the products after incubations of plasma membrane-enriched fractions with lower and higher concentrations of triacylglycerol. In either case, the products of lipolysis were diacylglycerol, fatty acids and glycerol; no monoacylglycerol accumulated under any circumstances. At the lower concentrations of either tri[1-14C]oleoylglycerol or liver fat, most triacylglycerol hydrolyzed was degraded fully to fatty acids and glycerol. At the higher triacylglycerol concentrations, while complete degradation continued, virtually all of the increased lipolysis of triacylglycerol (over the lipolysis at the lower substrate concentrations) yielded diacylglycerol. The data indicated that the hydrolysis of diacylglycerol by the alkaline lipase of rat liver occurred at a rate slower than that of triacylglycerol. If the same enzyme catalyzes the lipolysis of both tri- and diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols would appear to be preferred... PMID- 7284431 TI - Non-enzymic glycosylation of horse spleen and rat liver ferritins. AB - Incubation of horse spleen ferritin and rat liver ferritin with [14C]glucose, [14C]mannose or [14C]fucose resulted in the covalent incorporation of the sugar into ferritin. The rate of reaction depended on the concentrations of ferritin and sugar and time of incubation. The order of this nonenzymic incorporation was glucose greater than mannose greater than or equal to fucose. Glucosylated or mannosylated ferritin was not retained by concanavalin A. The plasma half-life of rat liver ferritin and apoferritin was found to be 20 min. This value remained unaffected by in vitro glucosylation or mannosylation of ferritin. It is suggested that varying degrees of glycosylation might account for the occurrence of isoferritins. PMID- 7284435 TI - Preliminary spectroscopic characterization of six toxins from Latin American scorpions. AB - This paper reports on spectroscopic studies of six toxins from the Latin American scorpions Centruroides noxius Hoffmann, Centruroides elegans Thorell and Tityus serrulatus Lutz and Mello. The isolation and purification of five of these toxins was described previously. The preparation of toxin II.9.2.2 from the venom of C. noxius is first described here. Circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicate similarities and differences between these scorpion toxins and previously characterized snake toxins. While there is evidence that the toxins from scorpions and snakes both contain extended beta-sheet secondary structures, the spectral properties of the scorpion toxins are overall of a different type from those of snake toxins. Among the six scorpion toxins those from T. serrulatus have spectral properties markedly different from those of the Centruroides species. Furthermore, thermal denaturation and amide proton exchange measurements showed that the globular structures of the Tityus toxins were markedly less stable and less rigid than those of the Centruroides toxins. PMID- 7284432 TI - Purification of a trypsin-insensitive fragment of spectrin from human erythrocyte membranes. AB - When spectrin is treated with trypsin, a series of polypeptide fragments is generated, One particular fragment having an approximate molecular weight of 80 000 constitutes 18% of the trypsin-digested mixture and is trypsin-insensitive. This fragment has been isolated and purified by gel filtration followed by ion exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of the fragment, as seen from sedimentation equilibrium measurements and from gel electrophoresis, both in the presence and absence of detergent, is close to 80 000. There was no evidence of self-association under the conditions used. Changes in the specific rotation at 365 nm were used to detect temperature-dependent conformation changes in the fragment and to compare these changes with those in the intact spectrin molecule. The fragment undergoes temperature-dependent transitions centered at 46 and 58 degrees C, similar to those in intact spectrin (49 and 55 degrees C). Although the thermal transitions exhibited by intact spectrin are markedly salt-dependent, those shown by the fragment are not. ORD (optical rotary dispersion) measurements indicate 53% apparent alpha-helix in the fragment, compared to 68% in intact spectrin. Antibodies raised against the fragment cross-react only with band 1, the largest polypeptide of spectrin, indicating that the fragment is derived from band 1. PMID- 7284433 TI - Electrophoretic studies of the protein constituents of pig spleen lymphocyte plasma membrane and of a non-ionic detergent extract of intact cells. AB - This report describes a study of the protein constituents of pig spleen lymphocyte plasma membrane, separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analyzed under reducing and non-reducing conditions. The electrophoretic patterns of purified plasma membranes, of the endoplasmic reticulum fraction and of a non-ionic detergent (Nonidet P-40) extract of intact lymphocytes are compared. The lymphocytes were ruptured by the nitrogen cavitation method and the plasma membranes were purified by differential centrifugation in sucrose gradients. Plasma membranes were enriched in marker enzymes and appeared, in electron micrographs, as vesicles of various sizes and as fragmented membranes. The protein constituents were resolved into more than 60 bands which appeared, except in the endoplasmic reticulum fraction, as discrete Coomassie-positive bands. Characteristic bands were present in each of the three fractions when samples were not reduced. However, the majority of Coomassie stained proteins migrated with the same relative mobility in all three fractions. Interestingly, all Coomassie-positive bands stained (some weakly) for glycoproteins. When samples were reduced and alkylated prior to electrophoresis, the electrophoretogram of each fraction differed from the non-reduced samples. In general, we observed that the fastest migrating portion of each gel was more intensively stained, when compared to non-reduced extracts. In addition, some bands characteristic of each fraction were evident, although most bands were common to each fraction. Coomassie-positive bands also stained with a glycoprotein staining reagent. Activity of alkaline phosphatase was demonstrated in the electrophoretograms of the non-reduced plasma membrane extracts. The results suggest that each of the three fractions analyzed under the conditions described here possesses a characteristic glycoprotein content. Furthermore, the data show that a Nonidet P-40 extract of lymphocytes is effective in solubilizing the glycoproteins from pig lymphocyte plasma membranes. Comparison of electrophoretic patterns with those reported for lymphocytes of other lymphoid organs of the pig suggests close similarities. PMID- 7284434 TI - Separation and localization on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels of pig spleen lymphocyte plasma membrane proteins which bind 125I-labelled phytohemagglutinin. AB - The protein constituents of splenic pig lymphocytes derived from the plasma membranes, the endoplasmic reticulum or from a non-ionic (Nonidet P-40) detergent of whole cells have been separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, under reducing and non-reducing conditions. The binding of Phaseolus vulgaris (red kidney bean) phytohemagglutinin to these constituents has been studied by incubation of the labelled lectin with the undried electrophoretograms. Results show characteristic phytohemagglutinin-reactive components in each cell fraction, although the majority of the lectin-binding bands are common to the three fractions. Comparison of binding patterns for the reduced and non-reduced electrophoretograms does not reveal significant differences between the binding profiles. The components which bind the lectin in the largest amounts are located in the upper halves of the gels, which correspond to a molecular range of (75-250) . 10(3) daltons. Our data suggest that pig spleen lymphocyte plasma membranes contain at least 25-30 glycoproteins which can bind phytohemagglutinin. Iodine-labelled phytohemagglutinin binds to the vesicles prepared from lymphocyte plasma membranes and the Scatchard plot shows a non linear upward concave curve. PMID- 7284436 TI - Either high-mannose-type or hybrid-type oligosaccharide is linked to the same asparagine residue in ovalbumin. AB - After pepsin digestion, all of the carbohydrates in ovalbumin were recovered in two glycopeptides, Glu-Glu-Lys-Tyr-Asn(CHO)-Leu-Thr-Ser-Val and Glu-Gln-Lys-Tyr Asn(CHO)-Leu-Thr-Ser-Val. Almond glycopeptidase released quantitatively oligosaccharides from the glycopeptides. The products from both glycopeptides contained both the high-mannose-type oligosaccharides and the hybrid-type oligosaccharides in the same ratio. Thus, either the high-mannose-type or the hybrid-type oligosaccharide is attached to the unique asparagine residue in the ovalbumin molecule. PMID- 7284437 TI - Biochemical characterization of the cuticle collagen of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Proteins of purified cuticles from adults of the small free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are solubilized by reduction in the presence of a strong denaturing agent and then carboxymethylated. As in the large parasitic nematode Ascaris lumbricoides, these soluble proteins appeared to be collagens by their amino acid compositions. C. elegans cuticle collagen is separated into seven major components with different apparent molecular weights by molecular sieve chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The two main components, which together account for more than 64% of the total cuticle collagen, were extracted from gel after electrophoresis and analyzed. They differ in their amino acid compositions and would seem to represent genetically distinct collagen chains. The results presented lead to the hypothesis of the presence in this collagen of at least two different chains. PMID- 7284438 TI - Human serum albumin as an allosteric two-state protein. Evidence from effects of calcium and warfarin on proton binding behaviour. AB - The proton binding of human serum albumin, and the influence on it of Ca2+ and warfarin (3-(alpha-acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin), has been studied in the pH region 6 to 9, in order to get more information on the conformational change occurring in serum albumin around neutral pH, the so-called N-B transition. Some of the results for human serum albumin are compared with bovine serum albumin. A two-state model describing this transition is presented. In this model the two states are assumed to be the N state (found at low pH) and the B state (found at high pH). The ligand to be considered is the proton, having the highest affinity for the N conformation. An allosteric constant, L, governs the equilibrium between the two states. Both Ca2+ and warfarin can act as allosteric effectors, thereby increasing L. The model is used to describe results such as: (a) the cooperativity in proton binding, most clearly observable when Ca2+ is present, and the difficulty of measuring experimentally this cooperativity; (b) the different number of protons bound when Ca2+ is present or absent; (c) the fraction of protein found in one of the two conformations; (d) the correspondence between the increase of L due to addition of Ca2+ or warfarin, as predicted from model calculations, and the experimentally found increase of L. PMID- 7284439 TI - Lower vertebrate collagen. Evidence for type I-like collagen in the skin of lamprey and shark. AB - The soluble skin collagens of the lamprey, Entosphenus japonicus, and the great blue shark, Prionace glauca, have been isolated and characterized with respect to their chain composition. Chromatography on CM-cellulose of the denatured skin collagens and agarose gel filtration, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and chemical analysis of the chromatographic fractions revealed that the two distinct subunits, alpha 1 and alpha 2, were present in a molar ratio of about 2:1. Thus, the chain composition of both lower vertebrate collagens is designated by the formula (alpha 1)2 alpha 2, similar to that of Type I collagen in higher vertebrate tissues. However, electrophoresis of the collagens in sodium dodecyl sulfate showed mostly a single type of alpha component. This seems to be due to the preferential crosslinking of alpha 1 into beta 11 dimers for the lamprey collagen and of alpha 2 into beta 12 dimers for the shark protein. These composite findings indicate that Type I-like collagen is widely distributed in the skin of vertebrates ranging from cyclostomes to mammalians. PMID- 7284440 TI - Antithrombin III does not have bound glucocerebroside. AB - Purified antithrombin III has been reported to have bound glucocerebroside, the major glycolipid of plasma. We have separated whole plasma by ultracentrifugation into lipoprotein-rich and lipid-deficient fractions and demonstrated that glucocerebroside and antithrombin III clearly separate into different fractions. Antithrombin III does not have glucocerebroside associated with it. PMID- 7284441 TI - Characteristics of active transport of thyroid hormone into rat hepatocytes. AB - Thyroid hormone uptake into primary cultured rat hepatocytes was studied using 1 min incubations with radio-iodine-labelled iodothyronines. (1) Uptake of thyroxine indicates two saturable sites with apparent Km values of 1.2 nM and 1.0 microM, and non-saturable uptake. Similar kinetics of triiodothyronine uptake have been observed. (2) The high-affinity systems of both hormones are energy dependent (i.e., inhibited by KCN and oligomycin). It is postulated that these systems represent active transport of thyroid hormone into the cell. (3) Analysis of mutual inhibition by the substrates for the triiodothyronine and thyroxine transport systems indicates that triiodothyronine and thyroxine cross the cell membrane via separate transport systems. (4) Preincubation with ouabain resulted in a decrease in uptake of both triiodothyronine and thyroxine, suggesting that a sodium gradient is essential for this transport. PMID- 7284444 TI - Extraction of DNA-cellulose-bound glucocorticoid-receptor complexes with sodium tungstate. AB - Glucocorticoid-receptor complex from rat liver cytosol, activated by warming at 23 degrees C or fractionation with (NH4)2SO4, was adsorbed over DNA-cellulose. This DNA-cellulose-bound [3H]triamcinolone acetonide-receptor complex was extracted in a dose-dependent manner by incubation with different concentrations of sodium tungstate. A 50% recovery of receptor was achieved with 5 mM sodium tungstate. Almost the entire glucocorticoid-receptor complex bound to DNA cellulose could be extracted with 20 mM sodium tungstate. The [3H]triamcinolone acetonide released from DNA-cellulose following tungstate and molybdate treatment was found to be associated with a macromolecule, as seen by analysis on a Sephadex G-75 column. The glucocorticoid-receptor complex extracted by both the compounds sedimented as a 4 S entity of 5-20% sucrose gradients under low- and high-salt conditions. Addition of tungstate or molybdate to the preparations containing activated receptor had no effect on the sedimentation rate of receptor. However, addition of tungstate to non-activated receptor preparation caused aggregates of larger size. The tungstate-extracted glucocorticoid-receptor complex failed to rebind to DNA-cellulose even after extensive dialysis, whereas receptor in molybdate-extract retained its DNA-cellulose binding capacity. PMID- 7284443 TI - A vegetalizing inducing factor. Isolation and chemical properties. AB - A vegetalizing factor which induces the formation of endodermal and mesodermal organs in amphibian gastrula ectoderm was purified from chicken embryos. Preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis and gel permeation chromatography on sephadex with different eluants were employed. In buffer containing 6 M urea the molecular weight of the factor was estimated to about 28 000-30 000. In buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) the factor partially dissociates to smaller polypeptide chains. Because an equilibrium between molecules of different size is established, SDS-containing buffers are not suitable for preparative purposes. In 50%-70% formic acid the factor completely dissociates into smaller peptide chains (Mr about 13 000-15 000). Furthermore, very little absorption of the factor to the gel matrices or glass surfaces is observed in formic acid. The final purification can be achieved by high-performance gel permeation chromatography with glycerolpropyl-treated silica gel as column packing and 50% formic acid as eluant. PMID- 7284445 TI - Role of phosphatidylinositol in basal adenylate cyclase activity of rat heart sarcolemma. AB - The adenylate cyclase activity and phospholipid composition were determined in rat heart sarcolemma after treating the membranes with a phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C. Complete hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol in sarcolemma was associated with a marked loss of the basal adenylate cyclase activity. The recombination of the supernatant with the phosphatidylinositol depleted membranes was found to reactivate the adenylate cyclase activity. The soluble component(s) in the supernatant, which restored the adenylate cyclase activity, was thermolabile and precipitated by ammonium sulfate. Extensive hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin in sarcolemma with a Clostridium welchii phospholipase C treatment did not affect the basal adenylate cyclase activity. These results suggest that phosphatidylinositol anchors component(s) essential for the expression of basal adenylate cyclase activity to the myocardial cell membrane. PMID- 7284446 TI - [Comparative study of the radiation oxidation and x-ray chemiluminescence of globular proteins]. AB - Regularities of radiation oxidation (oxygen absorption for irradiation) and X-ray chemoluminescence of human serum albumin solutions have been studied. The oxidative rate was shown to be proportional to chemoluminescence intensity under various experimental conditions. the yield values for radiation oxidation of natural amino acids, glycyl-tryptophane and some other proteins were obtained. These values for amino acids changed in the range of 1.4 to 6, the mean value for amino acid yield was about 3.5 oxygen molecules/100 eV. Protein oxidation yield was in the range of 1.6 to 4. Correlation of the yields with respect to macromolecule spiralization was carried out. The difference in the yields of radiation oxidation protein can be related to higher duration of free radical life-span of amino acid residues forming the spirals that promotes formation of peroxy radicals. The difference of chemoluminescence yields for various proteins can be accounted for by different locations of tryptophan residues accessible for active products of water radiolysis and by the presence of various quantities of arginine in macromolecules. The mechanisms of chemical conversions of tryptophanyl peroxy radicals resulting in the formation of electron-excited states were discussed. PMID- 7284447 TI - [Dynamic stability of a metabolic pathway with single-loop feedback]. PMID- 7284442 TI - Enzymatic composition of mitogen-induced lymphoblasts and untreated lymphocytes fractionated by rate-zonal centrifugation. PMID- 7284448 TI - [Development of coherence in catalytic reaction systems]. PMID- 7284449 TI - [Macroscopic fluctuations in aqueous solutions of proteins and other substances as a possible consequence of cosmo-geophysical factors]. AB - Synchronous measurements of macroscopic fluctuations (MF) in Pushchino, Simferopol, Alma-Ata and Pojakonda (Moscow University Biological Station on the White Sea) show a similarity between the low frequency components of macroscopic fluctuations (trends) after shifting the latter by the time interval corresponding to the difference in longitude. The MF amplitude is shown to be essentially smaller in the North polar circle, as compared with that in the middle latitude. "Signals" presenting reproducible specific sequences of macroscopic fluctuations were found. It is suggested that synchronism and probably the very existence of macroscopic fluctuations are caused by some cosmic geophysical factors. PMID- 7284450 TI - [NMR study of aqueous solutions of amino acids and nucleotides using a lanthanide shift reagent]. PMID- 7284451 TI - [Fine structure luminescence of etio-, copro- and mesoporphyrin following selective laser excitation]. AB - Fluorescence line spectra of etio- and coproporphyrin isomers and mesoporphyrin IX, as well as their ionic forms have been obtained and investigated using a tunable dye laser excitation (T = 4.2 K). Normal vibrational frequencies in the ground electronic state of both the neutral molecules and their ions have been determined. By comparing the line spectra of different porphyrins and their isomers the distinctions have been revealed which may be used for the identification of these compounds in solutions. Changes have been discovered in the coproporphyrin ion spectra in different solvents. PMID- 7284452 TI - [Effect of electrical fields on the kinetics of biological processes]. AB - The general problem of the influence of local electrical fields in albuminous systems in vitro on kinetics of chemical transformations and transport of charged particles (electrons, ions) in these systems are considered. Local electrical fields change the activation energy and many stimulate a considerable change of the rate constant values for the process with heterolytic breaks of chemical bonds. Utilization of energy stored in the biological systems for active ion transport is discussed. It is shown in particular that the free energy of ATP hydrolysis may be utilized for initiating redox reactions and stored in the form of inner electrical field energy. This field may stimulate the drift transport of ions and also transport the mean electrical field of the biological membrane PMID- 7284454 TI - [Photoregulation of the bioluminescence of the heterotroph Peridinium depressum (Dinophita)]. PMID- 7284453 TI - [Nature of the afterglow of marine algae]. AB - Excitation spectra and light curves were studied in three species of marine algae at monochromatic light excitation of the second-range afterglow. It was shown that light curves were satisfactorily described by an equation similar to the equation of enzyme catalysis with low light intensity of half-saturation (about 0.5 W X m-2). Shapes of the excitation spectra and spectral curves of quantum yield of the second-range afterglow was analysed considering the early non linearity of its light curves. It was found that the results obtained and the literature data on a relatively high quantum yield of the second-range afterglow in the region of absorption of long-wave pigment system (above 680 nm) can be explained by the non-linearity mentioned above, not suggesting a participation of PSI in the generation of this afterglow. PMID- 7284455 TI - [Energy migration in a pigmented protochlorophyllide complex]. AB - Data are analysed concerning energy migration between protochlorophyllide and chlorophyllide formed in etiolated leaves. It is found that phototransformation of the precursor proceeds in the pigment complexes similar to the multicentric photosynthetic unit. The complexes comprise no more than 26 molecules of the active form of protochlorophyllide P650 and two molecules of minor forms of P628 and P639 on the average with mean intermolecular distances 3 nm. PMID- 7284456 TI - [Quenching of 9-aminoacridine and atebrine in chloroplasts at different pH's]. PMID- 7284457 TI - [Membrane interaction with regard to redistribution of charged components]. AB - A system of two plane charged bilayers in electrolyte solution was considered with regard to possible redistribution of the charged lipids under the effect of the electric field. Force and energy conditioned by electric and van der Waals interaction were analysed. Two possible mechanisms of charge redistribution were proposed and analysed: the lateral one and by the "flip-flop" type. The results for these redistribution types were compared with those for fixed charge density. Relationships between inner field on the membrane surface potential differences resulting forces and energies and the distance between the membranes and the effect of charge redistribution were analysed. The redistribution of the surface charge was shown to weaken the pushing part of the membranes and to decrease the intermembrane field, which promotes the adhesion without damaging the membrane structure. PMID- 7284459 TI - [Possible mechanism of the process of water crystallization in plant tissues]. PMID- 7284458 TI - [Dynamics of muscle relaxation following unfused tetanus of different durations]. AB - The isometric force of human m. flexor digitorum sublimis and its first time derivative were recorded during muscle relaxation. It was shown that after the prolonged unfused tetanus (phase iii) and in contractions in response to the repeated double pulses so called delayed relaxation with increase of TR/2 and typical "shoulder" on the relaxation curve can be observed. Delayed relaxation never can be seen in twitch. It was supposed that such type of relaxation is characteristic of the states of high activation of contractile machinery. PMID- 7284460 TI - [Low-temperature delayed fluorescence of phycobilins in red algae]. PMID- 7284461 TI - [DNA condensation by spermidine. Photon correlation spectroscopy study]. PMID- 7284464 TI - [Diffraction effects on x-rays of the oligotripeptide (Gly-Pro-Pro)10, isomorphic to collagen]. PMID- 7284462 TI - [Concanavalin A modification of the mechanical properties of hepatocyte contacts]. PMID- 7284463 TI - [Reversible amytal-induced depolarization of perfused rat liver cell membranes]. AB - Prompt, completely reversible and deep (to 75%) depolarisation was obtained in perfused rat liver, treated wih amobarbital sodium to 10 mM. Kinetically the main effect developed in a relatively narrow concentration interval 3-4 mM. Administration of amobarbital in 12-15 mM may produce a progressive reduction of membrane potentials to null and positive values followed by a loss of reversibility. One of the possibilities deduced was that of amobarbital unique ability to induce cooperative-like membraneous "conservation", enabling the cells to support their ionic gradients in spite of severe metabolic inhibition. PMID- 7284465 TI - [Role of conformational lability in the hydrolysis of ATP by myosin]. AB - Melting temperature of myosin Tm against the concentration of D2O in the system was studied. The D2O/Tm relationship is analogous to that between the kinetics isotope effect and the volumic fraction of D2O in the system. This similarity as well as the difference between the observed kinetic and thermodynamic isotopic effects and the theoretical ones make us suggest that the conformational changes in myosin during ATP hydrolysis are rather substantial. PMID- 7284467 TI - [Spectro-polarization characteristics of the ultraviolet fluorescence of muscle fiber]. PMID- 7284468 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the shape and dimensions of F-protein]. PMID- 7284466 TI - [Polarization of the ultraviolet fluorescence of actin]. PMID- 7284469 TI - [Light and bacterial growth]. PMID- 7284470 TI - [Characterization of cell wall constituents involved in the flocculation of Saccharomyces uvarum yeast strains]. AB - Cell walls of flocculent strains (0006) and non flocculent strains (0019) of Saccharomyces uvarum (Carlsbergensis), grown in different media and taken in both growth and stationary phases, were treated with water and with 2 per cent (W/V) potassium hydroxide. This treatment yielded four fractions (FI, FII, FIII and FR). The fractions FI isolated from the flocculent cell walls contained more mannose and less protein than the corresponding fractions FI isolated from the non flocculent cell walls. The amino-acid composition was also different between the two types of fractions. A radioactive labelling technique revealed that the FI and the walls from flocculent cells bound on average two to three times as much 45Ca as did the FI and the walls from non flocculent yeast. The substitution of carboxyl groups in FI and walls with glycine methyl ester led to a great drop of the 45Ca binding capacity. This result suggests that carboxyl groups of the cell walls are involved in the flocculation process. But flocculation seems to be a phenomenon more complex than the simple formation of a Ca2+ bridge, the involvement of "lectin like" components easily removed from the cell walls, should not be rejected. PMID- 7284471 TI - Metabolic consequences of pyruvate kinase inhibition by oxalate in intact rat hepatocytes. AB - The effects of oxalate on glycolysis and glucose production from trioses were studied in hepatocytes isolated from fed and fasted rats. 1--In cells from fed rats oxalate inhibited glycolysis at the pyruvate kinase step, as shown by an increased phosphoenolpyruvate concentration, a decreased lactate and pyruvate production and a reduction of the glycolytic flux estimated by the rate of detritiation of [6-3H] glucose. The plot of 1/lactate production versus oxalate concentration showed that pyruvate kinase is a limiting step of glycolysis and allowed to determine the apparent inhibition constant for oxalate: about 3035 microM which is near the physiological concentration of blood oxalate. Under conditions where both pyruvate kinase and glycolytic flux are inhibited, oxalate had no effect on the synthesis of [14C] glucose from [14C] triose. 2--In hepatocytes prepared from fasted rats and incubated with lactate and pyruvate, oxalate decreased gluconeogenesis. In cells isolated from fasted rats and incubated with dihydroxyacetone, oxalate decreased lactate and pyruvate production whereas glucose synthesis remained unchanged. It is concluded that the inhibition of pyruvate kinase cannot by itself increase the gluconeogenic flux from triose. PMID- 7284472 TI - Effect of tRNA pool balance on rate and uniformity of elongation during translation of fibroin mRNA in a reticulocyte cell-free system. AB - Unsuccessful attempts to synthesize complete fibroin chains in vitro were previously made in heterologous cell-free system [3]. In the present work, we succeeded to obtain complete translation of purified fibroin mRNA in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Whilst this work was being completed [1], similar results were published by Lizardi et al. [4]. The synthesis of full-sized molecules of fibroin (M.W. 360,000) was achieved by adding tRNA from the posterior silk gland to the cell-free system. With tRNA from other sources, both the translation rate and the amount of complete fibroin chains dropped. This effect of tRNA is situated at the elongation levels. Analysis of cell-free synthesized products by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that smaller discrete polypeptides are accumulated after 120 minutes of incubation. These polypeptides correspond to growing fibroin chains. This pattern of translation products suggests that elongation might decelerate at specific sites of the fibroin mRNA. These results show that a tRNA pool adjusted to mRNA codon frequency is required to obtain the maximal average elongation rate. A stochastic model based on random acceptance of tRNA at the ribosomal A site for the codon-anticodon recognition process can explain this phenomenon. It can also explain the occurrence of the unfinished discrete fibroin polypeptides during in vitro translation. PMID- 7284473 TI - Purification and properties of an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase from Clostridium thermocellum. AB - The extracellular cellulolytic enzymes of the thermophilic anaerobe Clostridium thermocellum occur as a protein complex or aggregate which, until now, has not been resolved into individual enzyme components. By using QAE-Sephadex A50 chromatography in the presence of 6 M urea, it was possible to split the complex into distinct protein fractions. One of these fractions contained an endo-beta 1,4-glucanase which was isolated at a high degree of purity and was identified by its ability to hydrolyze trinitrophenylated carboxymethylcellulose. The enzyme is of monomeric nature, with a molecular weight of 56,000. It has an isoelectric pH of 6.2 and an optimum pH of 6.0. It hydrolyzed carboxymethylcellulose and, at a slower rate, cellulose powder. The major end products of cellulose degradation are glucose, cellobiose and cellotriose; cellotetrose is formed as an intermediate product. No specific small molecular weight activator or inhibitor was found except cellobiose and, to a lesser extent, glucose, which at high concentrations partially inhibit the activity of the enzyme. The temperature dependence of the enzyme is related to the thermophilic character of the producing microorganism. PMID- 7284474 TI - Preliminary results of medical investigations during piloted flights in the Salyut-6 program. AB - The changes observed during flight on the whole corresponded with the preflight prognosis and reflected the phase nature of the processes of adaptation. They were shown by blood redistribution symptoms, fluctuations in the main indices of hemodynamics at rest not going beyond the limits of the physiological norm, an increase in the pulse-filling of the head with blood, and a decrease in that of the shank. The reaction of the blood circulation to a physical load and the application of negative pressure varied, and in a number of investigations during flight it was more pronounced than on Earth. The changes observed after the flight appeared regular for the period of readaptation of the reactions of the organism. These reactions bore a functional nature and qualitatively did not differ from reactions observed after other flights, and after the 140-day flight they were, on the whole, less pronounced than after the 96-day flight. In the postflight period to accelerate the process of adaptation a complex of restorative-healing measures was carried out, including mainly a regulation of motor activity, restorative massage of the muscles, remedial physical culture and aquatic procedures. The flight lasting 140 days revealed no contraindications to a further regular increase in the time of cosmic flights and demonstrates once again the possibility of the planned control of the state of a healthy subject in flight and the readiness of the organism for a return to the terrestrial force of gravity. PMID- 7284475 TI - Participation of the reticular formation of the mesencephalon in the development of habituation to visceral influences. AB - In experiments on cats anesthetized with chloralose and immobilized with flaxedil, the influence of the reticular formation (RF) of the mesencephalon on the development of habituation of evoked potentials (EP) in the cerebral cortex (CC) to repeated stimulation of the splanchnic nerve was studied. It was established that high frequency stimulation of the RF (100 counts/sec) for 15 sec before testing for habituation to visceral stimulation inhibited the amplitude of the EP and shortened the time of development of habituation to repeated stimulation of the splanchnic nerve. Low-frequency stimulation of the RF (1 pulse/sec), applied during the development of habituation, restored the amplitude of the EP to the initial level. The turnoff of the activity of the RF by intravenously injected chlorpromazine (3-6 mg/kg) was accompanied by an acceleration of the development of habituation of evoked potentials in the associative region of the cortex. The participation of the RF in processes of habituation and dehabituation is discussed. PMID- 7284476 TI - Biological consequences of the physical organization of the plasma membranes of normal and tumor cells. AB - The differences in the physical organization of the membranes of normal and tumor cells are explained within the framework of the hypothesis of the presence of an intact framework on the surface of normal cells and the absence of it in tumor cells. An intact framework determines the possibility of existence of metastable states of the membrane and hysteresis phenomena in the lipid bilayer. The signals for transition to the S- and M-phases of the cycle are breakoffs of the metastable states, which occur only in the membranes of normal cells. The cell cycle in tumors is constructed only on physicochemical processes in the membrane without hysteresis phenomena, and the possibilities of regulating it are greatly weakened. This hypothesis permits: a) prediction of differences in the change in the microviscosity of the lipids of normal and tumor cells during their movement along the cycle and refinement of the concept of intactness of cells in the presence of a change in the microviscosity; b) elucidation of the role of the spreading of cells for the initiation of division in vitro; c) the proposal of a method of selective destruction of tumor cells with the aid of proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes; d) the proposal of an explanation for the weak antigenicity of many spontaneous tumors and the possibility of enhancing it. Experimental data on the properties of the membranes are discussed, and they are compared with the theoretical premises. PMID- 7284477 TI - Fundamental principles of the behavior of 137Cs in the soil and its migration into agricultural crops. AB - In this article, we present the results of long-term laboratory and field investigations designed to characterize the dynamics of the various forms of compounds of the radionuclide in the soil in relation to its biological accessibility to plants. The variations in the extent of migration of 137Cs from the soil into the harvested parts of agricultural crops on the most typical soils, the contribution of the processes of fixation of the radionuclide to these variations, and the role of various properties of the soil in the migration of 137Cs into plants and the possible fluctuations in the migration of the radionuclide into plants caused by the interspecific and varietal characteristics of the plants are also discussed. The quantitative characteristics of the migration of 137Cs into the crops determined in vegetation, microfield experiments, and field experiments are compared and the possibilities of extrapolating the results of the experiments of the first two types to natural conditions are demonstrated. PMID- 7284478 TI - [Electron transport systems in the membranes of rat liver nuclei and microsomes and of hepatoma 22a]. AB - It was shown that in contrast to normal liver cells the electron transport in the nuclear membranes of ascite hepatoma 22a cells proceeds much faster than that in microsomes. Using superoxide dismutase-sensitive adrenaline oxidation as an index of O2 formation, it was found that the hepatoma nuclear membranes contain an active O2-producing enzymatic system of a new type. This system differs from those described previously, e.g. it utilizes not only NADPH but also NADH as electron donors and reveals a high sensitivity to cyanide ([I] 50% approximately 10 mkM) and azide ([1] 50% approximately 0.2 mM). It is assumed that the site of cyanide-sensitive generation of O2 radicals in hepatoma 22a nuclei is the cytochrome fraction of the b5 type; the latter is activated by terminal desaturase of fatty acids. The high activity of O2 formation in ascite hepatoma nuclei associated with a low superoxide dismutase activity typical for the tumours suggests a shift in the equilibrium between generation and dismutation of O2 radicals in ascite hepatoma cells. The role of this shift in the selective action of some anticarcinogenic antibiotics, whose effects are mediated by O2 radicals, is discussed. PMID- 7284479 TI - [Soluble benzylamine oxidase from aorta]. AB - A new method for purification of soluble benzylamine oxidase from bovine aorta with specific activity of more than 100 units is described. The optical and magnetic properties of the enzyme have been studied. The enzyme contains type II copper, the environment of which is sensitive to pH, substrate, inhibitors and chelators. An addition of substrate and inhibitors results in a formation of free radicals on the enzyme. The properties of the enzyme are compared to those of copper-containing amine oxidases from other sources. PMID- 7284480 TI - [Lipid peroxidation in the postnuclear and microsomal fractions of rat liver homogenates upon aging]. AB - The rate of lipid peroxidation in the postnuclear fraction of rat liver homogenate determined by malonic dialdehyde appearance decreases upon ageing. This is due to a decrease in the enzymatic lipid peroxidation in microsomes and to an increase in the NADPH-dependent (antioxidant) effect of the soluble fraction of rat liver cells. The latter effect is mediated by thiols and is presumably caused by the increase in the glutathione peroxidase activity upon ageing. PMID- 7284481 TI - [Kinetics behavior of isozymes I and II of rat skeletal muscle hexokinase after their binding to mitochondrial membranes]. AB - Hexokinase from rat skeletal muscle hyaloplasm is represented by two isozymic forms I and II. The values of apparent Km (glucose) for these forms were calculated according to the Reiner method. After binding to mitochondrial membranes under effects of Mg2+ the value of V for hexokinase isozyme II is increased 3-fold, while its Km value is decreased 5 times; the properties of isozyme I remain thereby unchanged. After cessation of interaction with the membrane, under effect of ATP the free hexokinase reveals the same kinetic properties (V, Km, sensitivity to the inhibiting effect of glucose 6-phosphate) as does the native enzyme from hyaloplasm. The ability of hexokinase to exist in a bound or free state is also reversible and depends on the Mg2+/ATP ratio. The conditions for a reversible transfer of muscle hexokinase (isozymes I and II) from the hyaloplasm to the mitochondria-bound state completely coincide with those for cardiac enzyme (isozyme I). The data obtained are discussed in terms of a concept on an adsorption mechanism controlling the enzyme activity. PMID- 7284483 TI - [Isolation and properties of two DNA-polymerases from Bacillus stearothermophilus cells]. AB - Two DNA-polymerases (1 and 2) were isolated from the cells of Bacillus stearothermophilus and their properties were investigated. The isolation procedure included separation of nucleic acids on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on DNA-agarose and chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. DNA-polymerase 1 was purified 150-fold; its molecular weight and pH optimum are 135 000 and 7.3, respectively. DNA-polymerase 2 was purified 1000-fold; its molecular weight and pH optimum are 95 000 and 9.0, respectively. Both DNA polymerases differ considerably in their affinities for DNA-agarose and DEAE-Sephadex. Purification of DNA-polymerase 1 resulted in a loss of the enzyme thermal stability and its conversion into a labile enzyme with the temperature optimum at 40 degrees. DNA polymerase 2 retained its high thermal stability after purification. The DNA activated by DNAase 1 was found to be the most effective primer matrix for the both enzymes. In contrast to DNA-polymerase 2, DNA-polymerase 1 is sensitive to the effects of SH-group blockers and high salt concentrations and is activated 1.5 -- 2-fold by 10% ethanol. PMID- 7284482 TI - [Hydrolysis of N-acetyl-L- and N-acetyl-D,L-methionine by microbial aminacylase]. AB - The kinetics of N-acetyl-L- and N-acetyl-D,L-methionine hydrolysis by aminoacylase from Asp. oryzae were studied. The maximal rate of the reaction was found to be about 2000 mu moles of L-methionine per mg of protein per hour; Km was equal to about 1.10(-1) M for both the racemic and optically active substrates. In the presence of Co(II) ions (the molar ratio of N-acetyl-L methionine/Co(II) was 100:1) the reaction velocity was increased. The values of approximately 4500 and approximately 3000 mu moles per mg per hour were-attained with L-enantiomer and racemic substrates, respectively. The Km values were decreased down to 2.10(-2) M and 1.4.10(-2) M, respectively. PMID- 7284484 TI - [Study of lipid composition of mitochondrial and endoplasmic membranes by horizontal flow chromatography]. AB - A new modification of a highly sensitive horizontal flow chromatography procedure for the study of lipid composition of intracellular membranes is proposed. This modification employs application of thin layers of homogeneous silicagel particles by precipitation from diluted water suspensions in a cell of original construction, which allows to obtain by a single analysis distinct lipid fractions having similar chromatographic mobility. Using this modification, the major forms of lysophosphatides, i. e. lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysocardiolipids, lysophosphatidic acids, lysophosphatidylserines, etc., and their diacyl analogs were isolated from mitochondrial and reticulum membranes and identified. The contents of mono-, di- and triglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol and its esters were determined. PMID- 7284485 TI - [Comparative kinetics of reactions catalyzed by glucose oxidase in the presence of different electron acceptors]. AB - It was shown that six redox indicators, beside oxygen, can be used as substrates for glucose oxidase from Penicillium vitale. The pH dependence of the rate of glucose oxidase-catalyzed reactions in the presence of oxygen and artificial electron acceptors was studied. In contrast to the reaction involving oxygen, in which the maxima of the pH activity profile were observed at pH 5.6, glucose oxidase reveals maximal pH activity profile at pH 7.5 -- 7.6 in the presence of phenasine methosulfate, basic dark-blue 2K, viologens and ion-radical salt of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-rho-phenylene diamine. It was assumed that there exist two forms of the reduced enzyme differing in their rates of oxidation by oxygen and in ability to reduce artificial electron acceptors via one-electron transfer. PMID- 7284489 TI - [Interaction of Purkinje cells, capillaries and glia in the cerebellar cortex of normal and hypokinetic cats]. PMID- 7284491 TI - Unilateral ovariectomy during pregnancy in well-nourished and undernourished rats: effects on placenta and fetal body and brain growth. AB - The possibility that maternal unilateral ovariectomy, which is said to enhance fetal growth, might also ameliorate the harmful of undernutrition was investigated. Maternal undernutrition throughout pregnancy and unilateral ovariectomy on day 13 of pregnancy were investigated separately and in combination in primigravid rats with respect to male and female placental and fetal growth. Undernutrition increased the number of fetal resorptions in the 3rd week of pregnancy and depressed placental and fetal weights in both sexes, although there was some relative sparing of fetal brain weight. Unilateral ovariectomy of well-nourished mothers on day 13 of pregnancy caused significant increments in placental weight, and fetal body and brain weight in both sexes, but not in fetal length. None of these effects were observed in underfed mothers; that is, unilateral ovariectomy was ineffective in ameliorating the consequences for the fetus of maternal undernutrition. In none of the groups was there a significant relationship between fetal body weight and the number of fetuses, although in the undernourished litters significant negative correlations between fetal body weight and total number of placentae (normal and supernumerary) were found. PMID- 7284490 TI - Relationship between amino acid intake and accretion in a marsupial, Macropus eugenii. I. Total amino acid composition of the milk throughout pouch life. AB - The total amino acid composition of 57 samples of milk was analyzed by ion exchange resin chromatography after acid hydrolysis of proteins. The concentrations of most of the amino acids in the milk increased in proportion to the increase in milk protein. Sharp increases in the sulfur-containing amino acids, cystine (and/or cysteine) and methionine occurred at around 140-160 days which is about the time of hair follicle development. The remaining amino acids reached a peak concentration by 220 days, by which stage of development the pouch young has fully developed homeothermy. These higher amino acids levels were sustained to day 260, the time of highest milk protein concentration. The amino acids provided in the milk to the suckling pouch young thus show changes in relative amounts which correlate with some of the developmental events occurring during this phase of active growth and maturation. PMID- 7284488 TI - [Dependence of effectiveness of the pentose pathway on ATP concentration in erythrocytes]. AB - The dependence of effectivity of the pentose phosphate pathway on ATP concentration in human erythrocytes was established. The effectivity of the pentose phosphate pathway was decreased 2-fold with a fall in ATP concentration by 20% below the physiological values. The rate of glucose uptake remained practically unchanged thereby, i. e. the equilibrium between the pentose phosphate pathway and the Embden-Meyerhof pathway was markedly shifted towards the latter. PMID- 7284487 TI - [Multiple molecular forms of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase from mung bean leaves]. AB - Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase from Phaseolus aureus leaves is represented by four molecular forms differing in their carboxylase and oxygenase activities, molecular weights, sedimentation coefficients, electrophoretic mobilities in polyacrylamide gel, chromatographic behaviour upon elution on Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-cellulose, pH optima of carboxylase activity and pI values. In some parameters, e. g. molecular weight of the whole molecule (530 000), molecular weights of the large and the pH optima of the carboxylase and oxygenase activities (8.5 and oxygenase activities (2.4 and 0.09 units per mg of protein, respectively) and the pH optima of the carboxylase and oxygenase activities (8.5 and 9.3, respectively) form II differs from form I, which has a lower molecular weight (480 000), a higher oxygenase and a lower carboxylase activities (0.2 and 1.5 units per mg of protein, respectively) and a higher pH optimum of the carboxylase activity (9.0). Both forms I and II are composed of eight large and eight small subunits. The molecular weight of the large subunits of form I is lower than that of form II and is equal to 48 000. The respective pI values for forms I and II are 6.8 and 6.4. Forms III and IV as well as forms I and II produce distinct bands under ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The carboxylase and oxygenase activities of form III are 0.7 and 0.04 units per mg of protein, respectively. Form IV has a higher oxygenase and a lower carboxylase activity (0.09 and 0.25 units per mg of protein, respectively). The corresponding molecular weights of forms III and IV are 530 000 and 480 000. The molecular weights of the large and small subunits of form II are 53 000 and 12 000, respectively; those of form IV -- 48 000 and 12 000, respectively. PMID- 7284486 TI - [Interaction of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and hexose monophosphate shunt in erythrocytes]. AB - A mathematical model of glycolysis in human erythrocytes for the interaction between the Embden-Meyerhof and the pentose phosphate pathways has been developed. The characteristic surfaces, i. e. interdependencies between the rates of metabolite flows in both pathways and ATP and NADPH concentrations have been calculated. The model obtained is well correlated with the experimental data on glycolysis characteristic at low rates of the pentose phosphate pathway reactions. The model suggests that NADPH and GSH concentrations should be stabilized. At ATP and NADPH concentrations close to the physiological ones the Embden-Meyerhof and pentose phosphate pathways function practically independently. When the NADPH concentration is decreased below 80% of the physiological value, the system ceases to stabilize the ATP concentration. In its turn, a decrease of ATP concentration results in a corresponding decrease of the maximal rate of the pentose phosphate pathway. PMID- 7284492 TI - Effect of maternal diabetes on response to hypoxia in the newborn rabbit. AB - We tested the hypothesis that maternal diabetes is associated with a decreased ability of the newborn to tolerate hypoxia by measuring the time to last gasp of rabbit pups born to diabetic and control does and placed in 100% N2. Rabbits were made diabetic by injection of 100 mg/kg alloxan i.v. The alloxan-treated mothers had significantly elevated blood glucose during pregnancy and at delivery (132 vs. 90 mg/dl, p less than 0.001). Pups were delivered at 30 day's gestation by hysterectomy under local anesthesia. Half of each litter were immediately sacrificed and the remaining pups placed in 100% Ns. The pups from the alloxan treated mothers showed a higher pre-asphyxial mean blood glucose (97 vs. 73 mg/dl, p less than 0.025) and a lower mean survival time (18.4 vs. 21.1 min, p less than 0.005). PMID- 7284493 TI - Postnatal proximodistal development of the small bowel mucosal mass in growing rats. AB - The development of the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal mucosal mass was studied in five groups of rats killed at different ages during growth. After sacrifice, the small bowel was removed from the pylorus through the ileocecal valve, measured and divided into three equal segments (A, B, C). Gut weight, mucosal weight, DNA, protein, and sucrase activity were determined in each segment. For each segment, results of all mucosal mass parameters expressed per centimeter of gut length markedly increased during weaning (15-30 days), and at 40 days of age they were similar to those obtained in adult animals. A proximal to distal gradient of gut weight was present at birth and increased during lactation. However, the proximodistal gradients of mucosal weight and mucosal DNA per centimeter of length remained constant in all groups studied. The intestinal gradient of sucrase activity was absent at birth and in lactating rats (17 days), but was similar in rats of 30, 40, and 100 days of age. It was concluded that mucosal hyperplasia which occurs in rats at weaning equally develops in the proximal, mid, and distal small bowel. PMID- 7284495 TI - Lymphocyte infiltration of gut epithelium in fetal and neonatal rabbits. AB - Lymphocytes infiltrate the epithelium of small intestinal villi of fetal rabbits as early as day 28 of gestation. They appear within the lateral spaces between the columnar absorptive cells. At this time, the epithelial cells transport compounds, such as injected horseradish peroxidase, through these intercellular spaces to the subjacent lamina propria. The possibility for in utero interaction between intraepithelial lymphocytes and antigen in swallowed amniotic fluid is discussed. There is an increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes from 1 per 500 epithelial cells on day 1 to 16 per 500 epithelial cells on day 21 of postnatal life. Each segment, duodenum, jejunum and ileum, shows an increase in the number of lymphocytes during this period. PMID- 7284494 TI - Role of sex steroid hormones in the normal and glucocorticosteroid hormone induced evolution of carbamoylphosphate synthase (ammonia) and arginase activity in rat liver ontogenesis. AB - The effects of sex steroid hormones on the development changes of carbamoylphosphate synthase and arginase activity, and DNA content in rat liver were investigated. After birth, administration of estradiol causes an increase in carbamoylphosphate synthase and arginase activity at high dosages only. Progesterone strongly inhibits or even reverses these stimulatory effects of estradiol. Administration of progesterone alone had no effects in the 1st postnatal week, a stimulatory effect in the 2nd postnatal week, and slightly inhibitory effects on enzyme activities thereafter. Testosterone hardly affected enzyme activities in the 1st postnatal weeks and slightly decreased them from the 3rd postnatal week onwards. No differences in the response of either sex to these hormone treatments were observed. During the last 4 prenatal days and during the 1st postnatal week progesterone partially inhibited the prednisolone-induced enzyme accumulation and decrease in DNA content. Testosterone had such effects during the 1st 2 postnatal week. Comparison of these and previous experimental results with the developmental profiles of carbamoylphosphate synthase (ammonia) and arginase activity and DNA content on the one hand and with the developmental profile of steroid hormone levels on the other shows that only glucocorticosteroids influence enzyme activity and DNA content profiles, while progesterone and testosterone modulate the profiles by antagonizing the effects of glucocorticosteroids. No role for estrogens could be established. PMID- 7284496 TI - Effect of gestational alloxan diabetes and fasting on fetal lipogenesis and lipid deposition in pigs. AB - Experiments were conducted in pregnant pigs to determine the influence of alloxan diabetes and maternal fasting on fetal development. Maternal fasting and alloxan diabetes both increased adipose tissue thickness in fetuses at 112 days of gestation without altering body weight. Body fat was increased quantitatively only in the fetuses from the diabetic pigs (FDP). Apparently, different factors were affecting the structural development of adipose tissue and the actual storage of lipid. Fetal and maternal hepatic fatty acid synthesis were unaffected by treatments. Maternal subcutaneous adipose fatty acid synthesis were unaffected by treatments. Maternal subcutaneous adipose fatty acid synthesis was depressed by 75% in both fasted and diabetic dams while subcutaneous adipose tissue lipogenesis was increased 40-fold in the FDP. Enzymes normally associated with lipogenesis (shunt enzymes) were also affected in a similar fashion. These observations support the concept that fetal adipose de novo fatty acid synthesis is stimulated by diabetic pregnancies and is a primary mechanism by which increased lipid accumulates in the fetus. PMID- 7284497 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on lipoprotein lipase activity of fetal rat lung. AB - Dexamethasone was administered by continuous subcutaneous infusions (16 microgram/kg/h) to pregnant rats from day 16 of gestation. Administration of the hormone markedly affected maternal and fetal weight gain, fetal lung:body weight ratio and lipoprotein lipase activity of the lung. Cumulative maternal weight gain from days 15-21 of gestation was 80 +/- 4.0 g in control and 30 +/- 10 g in dexamethasone-treated rats. Fetal weight at 22 days of gestation and 1 day after birth was 5.5 +/- 0.39 and 8.6 +/- 0.30 in control and 4.65 +/- 0.26 and 5.9 +/- 0.34 in dexamethasone-treated rats. The ratio of lung weight to body weight was lower throughout the last 5 days of gestation in dexamethasone-treated than in control rats. Dexamethasone administration led to a 2- to 3-fold increase in lipoprotein lipase activity levels in fetal rat lung at 19 and 20 days' gestation and prevented the decline in enzyme activity shortly before birth. Stimulation of fetal lung lipoprotein lipase activity suggests that increased uptake of triglyceride-fatty acids by the lung could be a contributory factor to corticosteroid-enhanced surfactant synthesis. PMID- 7284498 TI - Total glycosylated hemoglobin in mothers of large-for-gestational-age infants: a postpartum test for undetected maternal diabetes? AB - Total glycosylated hemoglobin has been evaluated postpartum using a colorimetric (thiobarbituric acid: TBA) method in 50 mothers of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants (greater than 90th percentile by weight). 30 women without potential risk factors for chemical diabetes who gave birth to appropriate-for gestational-age (AGA) infants formed the control group. When compared to the control mothers, mean total glycosylated hemoglobin (TBA color) levels were significantly higher in the mothers of LGA infants (p less than 0.01). 4 of the latter had an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) done within 5 days postpartum and significantly elevated glycosylated hemoglobin compared to mothers of LGA infants with normal GTT (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, a significant linear correlation was found for mothers of LGA infants between TBA color levels and each of the following: fasting serum glucose (p less than 0.001), 1-hour serum glucose (p less than 0.001), 2-hour serum glucose (p less than 0.001), and infant birth weight (p less than 0.05). Analysis of TBA color levels early postpartum might be an alternative method for detecting unsuspected chemical diabetes in pregnancy. PMID- 7284499 TI - Alterations of red blood cells' polyamines during pregnancy and neonatal period. AB - Red blood cell polyamines were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Spermidine and spermine continued to increase with pregnancy and retained a high level during 24-35 weeks of gestation, then decreased at term; putrescine, however, kept the low nonpregnant level during pregnancy and puerperium. At delivery, umbilical blood showed a significantly higher polyamine level than maternal blood (p less than 0.005 or p less than 0.001). In the neonatal period, each polyamine showed a slight increase on the 1st day after birth, then spermidine and spermine decreased day by day, but putrescine kept the same level. Alterations of polyamines seemed to have some relation to the erythropoiesis in bone marrow and rapid cell proliferations. PMID- 7284500 TI - The maternal diet and its effect on the lipid composition and osmotic fragility of neonatal ovine erythrocytes. AB - Two groups of pregnant ewes were fed either a control diet or one in which part of the concentrate ration was replaced during the last 8 weeks of gestation with a protected polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplement. The feeding of the PUFA diet resulted in significantly higher proportions of linoleic acid in the plasma lipids of the ewes and both linoleic and arachidonic acids in the plasma lipids of the lambs. The erythrocytes were composed almost totally of free cholesterol and phospholipids and, although no significant difference was observed in the overall phospholipid compositions of the erythrocytes from the two groups of lambs, there were differences from those of the adult. Fatty acid analysis of the erythrocyte phospholipids showed marked difference between ewes and lambs and also between the two groups of lambs. In particular, the proportions of linoleic and arachidonic acids were higher in the erythrocyte phospholipids from PUFA lambs compared with those from control lambs. This compositional change correlated with a greater resistance to haemolysis and it is suggested that this might be indicative of beneficial effects on the membrane stability of other cells. PMID- 7284501 TI - Effect of lung inflation on ventilation and various phases of the respiratory cycle in preterm infants. AB - The effect of sudden and sustained lung inflation on inspiratory time (Ti), expiratory time (Te) and duration of apnea, as a translation of the Hering-Breuer reflex, has not been systematically analyzed in preterm infants. To examine such effects, 10 infants (body weight 1,550 +/- 110 g; gestational age 31 +/- 1 weeks) were studied. Lung inflation was obtained by applying negative pressure around the chest using a negative pressure incubator. After a control period, lung volume functional residual capacity was increased by an average of 14, 23, 34 and 53%. During lung inflation, Ti, Te, total respiratory cycle duration, incidence and duration of apnea increased. Minute ventilation decreased due to a decrease in frequency. Tidal volume decreased but not significantly. Inspiratory and expiratory flows decreased. These results (1) confirm the presence of the Hering Breuer reflex in preterm infants, as reflected by increased Te and appearance of apnea during lung inflation; and (2) show that contrary to expectations, Ti increased significantly with lung inflation. PMID- 7284502 TI - Colostrum intake and thermoregulation in the neonatal pig in relation to environmental temperature. AB - Colostrum consumption and rectal temperature (RT) have been measured on piglets kept at 18-20 degrees C (CG = cold group) and at 30-32 degrees C (WG = warm group) during the first day of life. At an ambient temperature of 18-20 degrees C, piglets consumed 36.8% less (p less than 0.01) colostrum than their littermates at 30-32 degrees C. There was a positive correlation between birth weight and colostrum intake in both groups of piglets. From birth weight and weight gain measurements, colostrum intake could be accurately predicted (R2 = 0.75). RT of piglets significantly dropped after birth and subsequently rose, the extent of the initial fall and the rate of the subsequent rise birth and subsequently rose, the extent of the initial fall and the rate of the subsequent rise depended on the environmental temperature. RT of CG remained significantly lower than that of WG, and a further significant decrease was found from 15 h after birth in CG. At 18-20 degrees C, a progressive decline of the effect of birth weight and a concomitant increase in the effect of colostrum intake. 5 of the 39 CG died within 3 days after birth, while all 41 WG survived. Results provide evidence for cold stress as a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the neonatal pigs. PMID- 7284503 TI - Energy metabolism of the newborn pig during the first 24 h or life. AB - Metabolic rates (VO2) and respiratory quotients (RQ) have been measured in newborn pigs kept either in warm (31 degrees C = WG) or in cold (18 degrees C = CG) climatic conditions from birth to 24 h of age. The piglets were allowed to suckle every 80-85 min. At birth VO2 and RQ were high for both treatments. However, they became relatively constant after 30 min of life. They were higher for piglets kept in a cold environment (1.00 vs. 0.95 for RQ). After the first suckling VO2 increased steadily over the first 24 h of life for WG and was kept constant (29.5 ml O2/kg BW/min) for CG. RQ decreased from 0.90 to 0.80. For the first 24 h of life an increase of 55% of VO2 was observed when the ambient temperature was decreased from 31 to 18 degrees C. The fact that RQ was higher for CG than for WG (0.87 vs 0.83) indicates that the newborn pig kept in cold conditions enhances its utilization of carbohydrates, in order to increase its heat production. Finally, our results show the positive relationship between colostrum intake and metabolic rate and emphasize the nutritional importance of colostrum during the first day of life. PMID- 7284505 TI - Fatty acid pattern of the erythrocyte lipids and plasma vitamin E in the first days of life. AB - The plasma level of vitamin E is lower in newborns than in adults. The fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte lipids changes during the first weeks of life, the major changes being the increase of linoleic acid and the decrease of arachidonic acid. These changes cannot be ascribed to variation of erythrocytes age, but they seem to be related to variations in the fatty acid pattern of the major lipid fractions of plasma. The lowest ratio between vitamin E in plasma and the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane is reached in the first few days following the beginning of feeding. The results are discussed in relation to the development of hemolysis during the first days of life. PMID- 7284504 TI - Lung tissue progesterone in the human fetus and neonate. AB - During fetal life human lungs have a high progesterone concentration (average 380 ng/g at 14 weeks of gestation and 635 ng/g at 32 weeks). At 30 h of age, this concentration had decreased to 185 ng/g. During the first 72 h of life, some infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) had a higher amount of progesterone in their lungs than infants with diseases other than RDS. In newborns with RDS, serum transcortin (binding progesterone) was close to the normal value, but serum progesterone concentration 57% below normal. The hypothesis that, in addition to surfactant, lung tissue smooth muscle (regulated among other things by progesterone and prostaglandins) may control lung function at birth is strengthened by the fact that RDS can be provoked by progesterone in the rabbit and that fatty acids and prostaglandins are abnormal in human RDS. PMID- 7284506 TI - The effects of maternal carbohydrate (sucrose) supplementation on the growth of offspring of pregnancies with habitual caffeine consumption. AB - Reduced offspring growth was found following introduction of caffeine into the normal diet of rats during pregnancy and lactation. When maternal caffeine (10 mg/kg/day) was consumed together with supplementary sucrose (7 g/kg/day) the expected offspring growth reduction attributed to caffeine did not occur. It is concluded that maternal nutritional status may determine the outcome of caffeine exposure at low concentrations which mimic human usage. PMID- 7284507 TI - Hepatic cellular development in the rabbit. AB - Cellular development of rabbit liver from late fetal life to adulthood was analysed by quantitative histology and chemical techniques. Hepatocytes and non hepatocytes were described in number and size. Two thirds of the cells in fetal liver are non-hepatocytes but the volume fraction occupied by them is only 18%. Both number and volume fraction fall with advancing development. Hepatocyte cytoplasm doubles in late fetal life, falls in the 1st postnatal week and then increases to a maximum size in the adult. Perinatal changes in hepatocyte size are related to the accumulation and discharge of glycogen and lipid but also include changes in the protein concentration of the cell. PMID- 7284508 TI - Animal models. PMID- 7284509 TI - Urinary glycoconjugates in schizophrenic patients. AB - The level of glycoconjugates excreted in the urine of five schizophrenic patients was compared to that excreted by six controls. Urinary samples were fractionated by means of gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography to yield (i) fraction I consisting of basic, neutral, or slightly acidic glycopeptides and/or oligosaccharides, (ii) fraction II consisting of acidic glycopeptides and/or oligosaccharides, and (iii) fraction III consisting of glycosaminoglycans (acidic mucopolysaccharides). The hexose levels of fraction II (p less than 0.05) and uronate levels of fraction III (p less than 0.025) were significantly reduced in schizophrenic patients. The ratio of galactose/mannose in the glycoconjugates of fraction II was lower than normal in the urine from schizophrenic patients. Significantly (p less than 0.05) lower levels of rhamnose and higher levels of fucose were found in the glycoconjugates of fraction I from schizophrenic patients. Contrary to a previous report, we found no evidence for the presence of an abnormally elevated rhamnose-containing glycoprotein or glycoconjugate in fraction II. I appears that the pattern of metabolism of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans in schizophrenic patients deviates from the normal. PMID- 7284510 TI - Does ECT produce kindling? PMID- 7284511 TI - Increased spontaneous eye-blinks cerebellectomized rats. PMID- 7284512 TI - Relationship between clinical and cognitive change with bilateral and unilateral ETC. PMID- 7284513 TI - Prolactin response to metoclopramide in the castrated male rat. PMID- 7284514 TI - Initiation of human parturition: XIII. Phospholipase C, phospholipase A2, and diacylglycerol lipase activities in fetal membranes and decidua vera tissues from early and late gestation. PMID- 7284515 TI - Influence of temperature on amino acid transport by round spermatids from rat testis. PMID- 7284516 TI - Physiological and pharmacological characteristics of the baboon (Papio anubis) oviduct. PMID- 7284518 TI - Effect of centchroman on preimplantation embryonic development and tubal transport in mice. PMID- 7284517 TI - A role for prostaglandins E in LH-induced cholesterol depletion in rabbit ovarian follicles. PMID- 7284519 TI - Relaxin levels in the maternal plasma of pigs before, during, and after parturition and before, during, and after suckling. PMID- 7284521 TI - Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium and the Eighteenth International ISA Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation Symposium April 20-21, 1981, Laramie, Wyoming. PMID- 7284520 TI - Mechanism for delay of first ovulation in lambs born in the wrong season (fall). PMID- 7284522 TI - On-line monitoring of halothane concentration during anesthesia. PMID- 7284523 TI - Design considerations for oxygen-sensing electrodes. PMID- 7284525 TI - Cycle ergometer for dynamic exercise studies. PMID- 7284526 TI - Tracking of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus). PMID- 7284524 TI - Glow discharge polymers as coatings for implanted devices. PMID- 7284527 TI - Multiple electrode impedance plethysmography system for monitoring grazing dynamics. PMID- 7284530 TI - A microcomputer system for the data acquisition and quantitative analysis of synaptic relationships in the central nervous system. PMID- 7284528 TI - Fetal heart rate monitoring using repeater telemetry methods. PMID- 7284529 TI - A control and data processing instrument for kidney tubule research. PMID- 7284531 TI - Computer assisted morphometric analysis of lung alveolar changes due to gaseous environmental effects. PMID- 7284532 TI - The response of a servo controlled eye to a confined visual environment. PMID- 7284533 TI - Fast Fourier transform of individual cerebrospinal fluid pulse waves. PMID- 7284534 TI - Simultaneous noise filtering and data compression of ECGs. PMID- 7284535 TI - Cross correlation analysis of averaged slow wave field potentials related to auditory stimuli. PMID- 7284537 TI - An ultrasonic instrument for multi -- dimension measurements. PMID- 7284536 TI - Control methods of stimulating artifacts recorded extracellularly in a volume conductor -- an electronic approach. PMID- 7284538 TI - Doppler ultrasound measurements of human fetal aortic blood flow. PMID- 7284539 TI - Stress thermography in breast cancer. PMID- 7284540 TI - Ultrasound Doppler and echo combined as a noninvasive blood flowmeter. PMID- 7284542 TI - Design of a portable powerline-operated ECG recorder -- a student-faculty project. PMID- 7284541 TI - Noninvasive characterization of normal and abnormal renal artery blood flow patterns using ultrasound echo-Doppler (Duplex) scanning. PMID- 7284543 TI - Construction and testing of miniature, dry pH electrodes. PMID- 7284545 TI - Human cells in serum-free medium. AB - Cell culture media in which the usual serum supplement required for growth has been replaced with specific combinations of hormones, nutrients and purified serum proteins have been developed which allow the growth of a number of human cell types. These media afford particular advantages in terms of simplicity of experimental design for some kinds of experiments. Also, the media may be designed to be selective with regard to cell type, so that fibroblastic overgrowth of primary cultures of epithelial cells can be avoided. Often the proliferative and differentiative responses of cells in vivo are better preserved in vitro in the serum-free media, resulting in new systems in which to study cell differentiation and responses of cells to environmental factors such as hormones. PMID- 7284546 TI - Immunosuppressive properties of a factor isolated from adult rat liver. AB - We have isolated from normal and regenerating rat liver a protein fraction 80,000 molecular weight which inhibits the multiplication of LF hepatoma cells in culture and decreased the 3H-thymidine incorporation into liver DNA in two thirds hepatectomized rats. In the present work, we have shown that this factor possess some immunosuppressive properties. It inhibits the blastogenic response to mitogens for both splenic and thymic cells, in vitro as well as in vivo; the synthesis of SRBC-antibodies is also impaired. Thus this factor which acts upon liver homeostasis seems to play a role as modulator of the immune response. PMID- 7284544 TI - Clinical trials:randomization before consent. AB - Conventional blind randomized trials involve obtaining consent for treatment prior to randomization into control or treatment groups. When the trial is of necessity an open one, obtaining consent to treatment and then assigning the patient to a control group may lead to undesirable consequences. When consent is required prior to randomization, inability to obtain it diminishes both control and treatment numbers. Obtaining consent after randomization enhances the power of the study since refusal affects only treatment numbers thus making more efficient use of patient material. We propose to analyze the outcome of patients allocated to treatment, but refusing experimental therapy, as a separate group. Comparison of this group with the control population will permit validation of the efficacy of the randomization process and allow testing of the hypothesis that refusers of consent react the same as the control population. If no difference occurs we propose that the refuser and control groups be combined and compared with those patients who receive experimental treatment. PMID- 7284548 TI - Localization of cell membrane components by surface diffusion into a "trap". AB - Randomly distributed cell membrane components may become localized toward a specific region of the surface as a results of cell-cell contact or the cell's exposure to extracellular ligands. The mechanism for this localization process is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the plausibility of a passive mechanisms, namely that a local region of the cell surface serves as a "trap" for diffusing membrane proteins. Based on a model of spherical cell with a single circular trap on the surface, we derived the equation describing the surface density distribution and the average lifetime of the trappable molecules in the trap-free region of the membrane. This surface-trap theory was then used to analyze our experimental finding on the rapid localization of muscle surface soybean agglutinin receptors induced by cell-cell contact in culture. THe result indicates that the rate of localization of these receptors toward the cell-cell contact site can be accounted for by assuming that the receptors possess a diffusion coefficient of about 2.5 X10(-9) cm2/s (range: 1.2-9.3X10(-9) cm2/s) before they are trapped at the contact site. Independent measurement of the rate of lateral diffusion of these receptors yielded a lateral diffusion coefficient of about 1.9 X 10(-9) cm2/s (range 1.2-2.7 X10(-9) cm2/s), a value within the range of that predicted by the rate of localization. We thus conclude that lateral diffusion of mobile membrane components toward a local trap is a plausible mechanism for their localization induced by local surface modulation. PMID- 7284549 TI - An analytical method for investigating transient potentials in neurons with branching dendritic trees. AB - An analytical method is developed that allows one to explore the way in which the geometrical structure of a neuron's dendritic tree affects the time-course and amplitude of transient potentials generated at different locations on dendritic branches. The method requires that, for a given dendritic arborization, one associates a symmetric geometry for which exact mathematical expressions for time varying dendritic potentials can be calculated. The value of the dendritic potential for the asymmetric geometry is evaluated by adding correction terms to the results for the symmetric geometry. Several model trees are examined, and in each case the analytical results are expressed in terms of two closely related families of functions. These functions provide a precise formulation for systematically analyzing the way in which the voltage transient at a given point depends upon the geometrical structure of the dentritic tree. Several numerical examples are presented. A discussion of how to generalize the method and of some potential applications are given. PMID- 7284547 TI - Lateral organization of membranes and cell shapes. AB - The relations among membrane structure, mechanical properties, and cell shape have been investigated. The fluid mosaic membrane models used contains several components that move freely in the membrane plane. These components interact with each other and determine properties of the membrane such as curvature and elasticity. A free energy equation is postulated for such a multicomponent membrane and the condition of free energy minimum is used to obtain differential equations relating the distribution of membrane components and the local membrane curvature. The force that moves membrane components along the membrane in a variable curvature field is calculated. A change in the intramembrane interactions can bring about phase separation or particle clustering. This, in turn, may strongly affect the local curvature. The numerical solution of the set of equations for the two dimensional case allows determination of the cell shape and the component distribution along the membrane. The model has been applied to describe certain erythrocytes shape transformations. PMID- 7284550 TI - A hydrodynamic theory of bilayer membrane formation. AB - A simple formula for the expansion rate U of the bilayer membrane perimeter was derived by the solution of the hydrodynamic and the Laplace equations at small rates and small contact angles: U = theta delta/6 micron ln (h/e 3/2 h0), where theta is the equilibrium contact angle between the bilayer membrane and the Plateau-Gibbs border, delta the excess membrane tension, micron the bulk viscosity, h the thickness of the thick liquid film, and h0 the thickness of the liquid core in the membrane. This formula coincides with the available experimental data, and explains the observed independence of the expansion rate on the membrane radius. The significance of the theory for the full description of the cell adhesion kinetics as well as the possible ways for its generalization are discussed. PMID- 7284551 TI - Linear electrical properties of passive and active currents in spherical heart cell clusters. AB - Impedance studies were performed on small spherical clusters of embryonic chick heart cells grown in tissue culture. Each syncytial cluster was impaled with two microelectrodes; one injected low amplitude stochastic current and the other recorded the resulting perturbation of intracellular potential. The current and potential records were digitized, decomposed into their sinusoidal components, and the frequency domain impedance of the cluster was determined. The impedance data were compared with a theory for current flow in a spherical syncytium and values were derived for parameters describing the membranes and intercellular clefts of the tissue. The clusters were spontaneously active but usually became temporarily quiescent when impaled with two electrodes. The potential stabilized at a value close to -30 mV. At this depolarized potential, active slow currents, presumably present in the cardiac action potential, contributed noticeably to the linear impedance, producing a resonant peak in the magnitude of the impedance at a frequency of 1-3 Hz. The linearized impedance functions for these currents were characterized in the presence and absence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and D-600. TTX had no noticeable effect on the impedance but D-600 essentially abolished the active currents. Although the ionic basis of these currents is not known, frequency domain analysis appears to be a viable technique for studying slow currents in heart muscle. PMID- 7284554 TI - Time dependence of the calcium-activated potassium current. AB - We investigated the dependence of the kinetics of the Ca2+-activated K+ current of the molluscan neuron soma upon membrane potential. The K+ current was activated by intracellular Ca2+ ion injection in neurons with blocked inward Na+ and Ca2+ currents. The difference between currents was measured with brief pulses (less than 100 ms) before and immediately after Ca2+ injection and was used as the Ca2+ activated K+ current at difference membrane potentials. The results in normal (10 mM) and in high (200 nM) external K+ show that the time-course of the Ca2+-activated K+ current depends upon membrane voltage and that the current activates more rapidly with membrane depolarization. PMID- 7284558 TI - A thermodynamic view of polymer degradation, and its application to extensive sonication of DNA. AB - A simple thermodynamic theory is developed, which predicts (in agreement with a wide variety of other theoretical approaches and experimental results) that for simple polymers the most probable Schulz distribution of fragments will be obtained in a polymer degradation process that is allowed to proceed to a dynamic equilibrium. When the same method is applied to a double-stranded polymer like DNA, however, it predicts that some narrowing of this distribution may occur in conjunction with a limited amount of base unpairing at the fragment termini. The compatibility of this prediction with the experimental results of long-time sonication of DNA is considered. PMID- 7284555 TI - Heart muscle. Intracellular potassium and inward-going rectification. AB - The cellular K content of frog ventricular strips is monitored using 42K. Cellular K loss evoked by cardiac glycosides or a low extracellular K concentration is accompanied by a more than proportional decrease in the conductance of the resting membrane and the rate of rapid repolarization of the action potential. Voltage clamp experiments relate these changes to a decrease in the magnitude of an inward-rectifying K current. Current-voltage relations measured before and after changing the extracellular K concentration cross each other. This violation of the independence principle has previously suggested that extracellular K ions are required to open the rectifier channel (Cleemann and Morad. 1979. J. Physiol. 286: 113). Decreasing the cellular K content decreases the outward membrane current at all membrane potentials by an amount that is consistent with the independence principle. This suggests that the gating process is not sensitive to intracellular K ions. These findings are consistent with a previously published model for inward-going rectification. PMID- 7284557 TI - A Teorell oscillator system with fine pore membranes. AB - A Teorell membrane oscillator system has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Instead of the broad pore (e.g., glass sinter) membranes used by Teorell and other investigators, we used membranes of a hydrodynamic permeability lower by factor of 10(3)-10(5) and a fixed ion concentration higher by a factor of 10(2)-10(5). A system with such membranes was thought to be a more adequate analogue of excitable biological tissues (for which the Teorell oscillator had been presented as a model). Stationary state voltage-current curves were recorded, and flip-flops were only found in membranes whose hydrodynamic permeability was above a certain value. A theoretical description, agreeing closely with the experimental findings, is given in terms of the Nernst-Planck Schlogl equations; flip-flops are predicted only if the hydrodynamic permeability is above the fixed ion concentration is below a critical value. These values depend on the hydrostatic pressure and on the ratio of the cation and anion diffusion coefficient in the membrane, and they are found to be far beyond (approximately 3 orders of magnitude) the data for membranes used by others in similar experiments. Although our theoretical analysis demonstrates that the Teorell mechanism is ineligible as a source of excitability in those biological systems for which sufficient data ate available to permit comparison, the membrane properties for which the theory predicts flip-flops are such that it cannot be excluded a priori. PMID- 7284556 TI - Measurement of rotational motion in membranes using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. AB - A method has been developed for the measurement of the rotational motion of membrane components. In this method fluorescent molecules whose transition dipole moments lie in a given direction are preferentially destroyed with a short intense burst of polarized laser radiation. The fluorescence intensity, excited with a low intensity observation beam of polarized laser radiation, changes with time as the remaining fluorescent molecules rotate. The feasibility of the method has been demonstrated in a study of the rotation of the fluorescent lipid probe, dil ([bis,-2-(N-octadecyl-3,3-dimethyl-1-benzo[b]pyrrole]-trimethincyanine iodide) incorporated into membranes composed of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and 0.20 mol% cholesterol, below the main chain-melting transition temperatures of the phosphatidylcholines. Rotation times in the 0.6-800 s range were observed. The fluorescence recovery (or decay) curves are in satisfactory agreement with theoretical calculations. PMID- 7284553 TI - Time-dependent absorption anisotropy and rotational diffusion of proteins in membranes. AB - The decay of flash-induced absorption anisotropy, r(t), of a chromophore in a membrane protein is closely correlated with rotational diffusion of the protein in the membrane. We develop a theory of time-dependent absorption anisotropy which is applicable to both linear chromophores and planar chromophores which have two different absorption moments at right angles to one another. The theory treats two types of rotational diffusion of membrane proteins: one is rotation of the whole protein about the normal to the plane of the membrane, and the other is restricted wobbling of the whole or part of the protein molecule. In the former case, r(t) is determined by a rotational diffusion coefficient and an angle between the absorption moment(s) and the normal to the plane of the membrane. Rotation of rigid transmembrane proteins can be described by this treatment. In the latter case, r(t) is characterized by a wobbling diffusion coefficient and the degree of orientational constraint. This treatment may be applicable to independent wobbling of the hydrophilic part of membrane proteins. We further show that, for linear and circularly degenerate chromophores, the effect of the excitation flash intensity on r(t) can be accounted for by a constant scaling factor. PMID- 7284552 TI - Anisotropic rotation of bacteriorhodopsin in lipid membranes. Comparison of theory with experiment. AB - Rotational diffusion of bacteriorhodopsin in dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles has been measured at different temperatures and lipid; protein ratios by the technique of flash-induced transient linear dichroism. The data are used to evaluate critically the theory of anisotropy decay due to protein rotation in the lipid bilayer. The theoretical model assumes that rotation of the protein occurs only around the membrane normal. Under conditions favoring completely monomeric bacteriorhodopsin, namely at molar lipid; protein ratios greater than or approximately 100 and for temperatures sufficiently above the lipid phase transition, it is found that the theoretical model provides an excellent description of the experimental data. Curve-fitting analyses of the experimental decay curves show that the retinal is oriented at an angle of 78 +/- 2 degrees with respect to the membrane normal. Between 25 and 37 degrees C, the protein rotates with a relaxation time of 15 +/- 5 micros in the lipid liquid crystalline phase, corresponding to the membrane viscosity of 3.7 +/- 1.3 P. The curve analysis also provides a sensitive test for the presence of protein aggregates in the lipid bilayer. PMID- 7284561 TI - Interactions of small nonpolar molecules with biological membranes: an exactly solvable model. AB - An exactly solvable model of the interaction of small nonpolar molecules with biological membranes is developed. This model, which is based upon a "decreased dimer model" extension of Nagle's membrane model, is demonstrated to qualitatively reproduce many of the changes in the order-disorder phase transition seen when biological membranes are exposed to anesthetic gases. The decorated dimer model is itself interesting because it provides an example of an exactly solvable monomer-dimer model in which phase transitions can occur in the presence of monomers. PMID- 7284559 TI - The effects of modifiers on enzyme catalysis: a non-classical nearest neighbor approach. AB - We present a nearest neighbor lattice model of the effects of modifiers on two state enzyme catalysis of the reaction S in equilibrium with p. We do not in general make the assumptions of the classical approach to cooperative catalysis that yield (1) adsorption isotherms of the same form as those for the corresponding equilibrium system and (2) a rate of the catalyzed reaction proportional to the number of occupied catalytic sites. Closed form results are obtained for two approximations, the Bragg-Williams and the quasi-chemical. The latter requires (1), but is exact for several simple cases, including the concerted model, under this condition. Under (1) it is found that an interaction between modifier and catalytic sites, whether attractive or repulsive, increases the magnitudes of the slopes of the adsorption isotherms but that interactions between identical sites (catalytic or modifier) increase these magnitudes if attractive and decrease them if repulsive. Thus, the former interaction allows for phase transitions if sufficiently attractive or repulsive, but the latter only if sufficiently attractive. Herein also lies the explanation for why the concerted model displays only "positive cooperativity". It is further seen that it is not possible to classify a modifier as an activator or inhibitor of the catalyzed reaction solely on the basis of the sign of the interaction energy between catalytic and modifier sites. For a given energy, the rate of the reaction may increase or decrease in response to the modifier, or it may respond biphasically. Similarly, the rate may respond biphasically to the activities of s or p, leading to instabilities. Thus, possibilities of multiple nonequilibrium stationary states or spatio-temporal patterns are raised. PMID- 7284560 TI - Kinetics of aggregation of alpha s1-casein/Ca2+ mixtures: charge and temperature effects. AB - Time-dependent light-scattering studies have been made on mixtures of alpha s1 casein and Ca2+, at fixed temperature over a range of [Ca2+] and [alpha s1 casein], and also as functions of temperature. Measurements were also made of the extent of precipitate formation in the casein/Ca2+ mixtures, using centrifugation. The results are analysed in terms of a monomer-octamer equilibrium between calcium caseinate particles followed by a Smoluchowski aggregation in which only the octamers can participate. The equilibrium constant is dependent upon the charge on the protein/Ca2+ particles, and hence can be related to the extent of binding of Ca2+ to the alpha s1-casein. The Smoluchowski constant is likewise shown to be charge-dependent. The variation of the reaction rate with temperature can be ascribed solely to the changing charge of the alpha s1-casein/Ca2+ complex caused by changed binding of Ca2+ at different temperatures. PMID- 7284562 TI - Early stages of fibrinogen to fibrin conversion studied by static and dynamic light scattering. PMID- 7284563 TI - Quantitative test of record's theory for proton-induced lowering of DNA melting temperature. PMID- 7284564 TI - Effects of some organic cosolvents on the functional properties of hemoglobin: kinetics of O2 displacement by CO. PMID- 7284568 TI - Ionic strength effects on macroion diffusion and excess light-scattering intensities of short DNA rods. PMID- 7284566 TI - Influence of the telopeptides on type I collagen fibrillogenesis. PMID- 7284565 TI - Flow dichroism of T7 DNA as a function of salt concentration. PMID- 7284567 TI - Free-sliding ligands: an alternative model of DNA-protein interactions. PMID- 7284569 TI - Optical second-harmonic scattering in rat-tail tendon. PMID- 7284570 TI - Thermodynamics and equilibrium sedimentation analysis of the close approach of DNA molecules and a molecular ordering transition. PMID- 7284571 TI - Mass spectrometry of 2-substituted 5-nitro-2-furyl thiazoles. Identification of microsomal nitroreduction products by electron impact mass spectrometry. AB - The electron impact mass spectral fragmentation of nitro heterocyclic carcinogens N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide, 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2 furyl)thiazole, 2-methyl-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole and 2-methylamino-4-(5-nitro 2-furyl)thiazole were studied. The molecular ions undergo two modes of cleavage: one giving [M-84]+ ions which include the 2-substituted thiazole ring, while the other gives rise to the fragment [M-74]+ ions. The products of anaerobic microsomal nitroreduction of 2-methyl-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole were isolated and purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The metabolites undergo different fragmentation patterns compared to the parent nitro analogs. Metabolites from anaerobic enzymatic reduction showed identical gas chromatographic, high-pressure liquid chromatographic and thin-layer chromatographic properties to the chemically synthesized material. The metabolites were identified as 1-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propenone and 1 (2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propane by mass spectral fragmentation pattern. PMID- 7284572 TI - Selected ion monitoring of metoprolol and two metabolites in plasma and urine using deuterated internal standards. AB - A highly sensitive and specific quantitative assay for metoprolol and two of its metabolites, containing an unchanged 2-hydroxy-4-isopropylaminopropoxy sidechain, has been developed. The compounds are isolated from the alkalized sample (plasma or urine) by extraction with dichloromethane, and converted to trifluoroacetyl derivatives by reaction with methyl-bis-(trifluoroacetamide). The reaction mixture is gas chromatographed on an OV-17 column and each substance is assayed by electron impact mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring, and quantified by comparing the intensity of fragment ion m/z 266 with the intensities of corresponding fragment ions from the deuterated internal standards (m/z 270 and 271). It is possible to determine concentrations as low as 1 nmol l 1 (0.3 ng ml-1) in 1 ml of sample with relative standard deviation of less than 10%. PMID- 7284573 TI - Capillary column gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis of anabolic steroid residues using splitless injections made at elevated temperatures. AB - The use of capillary column gas chromatography mass spectrometry has been investigated for the detection of the presence of estrane-3,17 alpha-diol in horse urine extracts; the detection of this diol confirms the administration of anabolic steroids based upon 19-nortestosterone. To reduce analysis time, but yet maintain a solvent effect in the splitless injection mode, injections have been made at elevated temperatures (190-220 degree C) using high boiling solvents (dodecane b.p. 214 degree C and tetradecane b.p. 252 degree C). PMID- 7284574 TI - Molecular forms of the cholinesterases inside and outside muscle endplates. AB - Individual endplates were micro-dissected from chicken fast-twitch muscle, and the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and of pseudocholinesterase therein, identified by their sedimentation coefficients, were analysed directly. The forms actually present at the endplate, and those that are non-synaptic, were established. This analysis was also extended to muscle of the chicken with inherited muscular dystrophy, showing altered distributions of these forms. PMID- 7284575 TI - Studies on the heterogeneity of the 5' ends of the protamine mRNAs from rainbow trout testis. AB - The structures of the 5' termini of the protamine mRNAs (PmRNAs) have been investigated by inhibiting their translation in wheat-germ extracts in the presence of 7-methyl guanosine 5'-phosphate (m7-GMP), an analogue of 'cap' structure in mRNAs. Second, the cap structures on PmRNAs were examined by labelling the RNA at the 5' end with T4 polynucleotide kinase and [gamma-32P]ATP before and after removal of these structures with tobacco acid pyrophosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. The results indicate that cap structures of the PmRNAs are heterogeneous. It appears that the mRNAs coding for protamine components CI and CIII have at least a cap 1 structure while the mRNAs coding for CII do not appear to be capped or methylated. PMID- 7284576 TI - The rapid transient stimulation of both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ornithine decarboxylases in the liver of thyroidectomized rats by 3,5,3'-triiodo-L thyronine. AB - Evidence is presented that liver from thyroidectomized rats has ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in both mitochondrial and soluble fractions. The cytosolic activity was stimulated 7-fold and the mitochondrial activity 3-fold 15 min after the administration of triiodothyronine (T3). While the rapid transient stimulation of ODC could represent a direct intracellular response to T3, an incidental effect on a very-rapidly-turning-over enzyme seems more likely; this suggests that in vivo ODC may be controlled by a demand for polyamines. PMID- 7284577 TI - Continuous replication of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) in permanent cell cultures of potato and tomato. AB - The continuous replication of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) in callus cultures from PSTV-infected wild-type potato (Solanum demissum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon peruvianum L. Mill) plants and in cell suspensions derived from potato protoplasts (Solanum tuberosum L.) inoculated in vitro is described. The persistence of PSTV replication in these cell lines through at least 14 subculture passages, which corresponds to a continuous replication over a period of more than one year, was demonstrated by infectivity assay and by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of isolated nucleic acids. This continuous synthesis de novo of PSTV was substantiated by the incorporation of [3H]uridine and of [32P]orthophosphate into viroid RNA. PMID- 7284578 TI - The fetus and the newborn. Annual review of birth defects, 1980. PMID- 7284579 TI - Intraventricular hemorrhage: diagnosis and outcome. PMID- 7284580 TI - Issues in newborn genetic screening. PMID- 7284581 TI - Prospects for enzyme replacement for lysosomal storage diseases. PMID- 7284582 TI - Client learning of risk and diagnosis in genetic counseling. PMID- 7284583 TI - The genetics of birth defects: the gene map of the human chromosomes in relation to diagnosis and management. PMID- 7284584 TI - Chondro-osseous morphology and biochemistry in the skeletal dysplasias. PMID- 7284585 TI - Perinatal infections and maldevelopment. PMID- 7284589 TI - Social consequences of childbearing during adolescence. PMID- 7284590 TI - Mother-infant interaction: implications for adolescent mothering. PMID- 7284587 TI - Fetoscopy and genetic disease. PMID- 7284588 TI - Early fetal loss. PMID- 7284586 TI - Birth defects and the potential role of genetic differences in drug metabolism. AB - A study of genetic differences in the metabolism of certain drugs can be made quite simple with the use of inbred mouse strains. Highly inducible levels of a drug-metabolizing enzyme (called cytochrome P1-450) reflect a mendelian dominant trait over low inducible levels, similar to brown eyes being a dominant trait over blue eyes. It is shown in these mice that the tendency to develop birth defects (and other intrauterine toxicity) depends upon the genetic predisposition of the individual embryo, rather than that of the maternal tissues. The experimental model system presented here provides an example that might explain clinically why sometimes only one child is affected with an apparent "drug induced syndrome" although the mother has taken the same dose of the particular drug during each of 2 or more pregnancies. Of special interest in this study is the fact that the mother and the father both must be of a particular genotype before differences in birth defects among fetuses (due to their genotype) will be expressed. PMID- 7284591 TI - Child abuse and neglect by adolescent parents. PMID- 7284592 TI - Title VI funding for adolescent pregnancy: what have we learned? PMID- 7284594 TI - Prevention of adolescent pregnancy: a developmental perspective. PMID- 7284593 TI - Sexual activity among adolescents. PMID- 7284596 TI - Overview of incidence, risks, and consequences of adolescent pregnancy and childbearing. PMID- 7284597 TI - Nutritional risks of pregnancy during adolescence. PMID- 7284595 TI - The obstetric and neonatal consequence of adolescent pregnancy. PMID- 7284598 TI - Pregnancy in the teenager: biologic aspects. PMID- 7284602 TI - Impact of change in legal standard for those adjudicated not guilty by reason of insanity 1975-1979. PMID- 7284601 TI - A longitudinal study of adolescent murderers. PMID- 7284599 TI - President's message: reasoning behind conclusions in psychiatric reports and testimony. PMID- 7284600 TI - The legal psychiatry consultation service: a new service model for "forensic" psychiatry. PMID- 7284603 TI - The insanity defense in juvenile delinquency proceedings. PMID- 7284604 TI - Sex offenses: a short questionnaire assessing knowledge and attitudes. PMID- 7284605 TI - Amnesia: its detection by psychophysiological measures. PMID- 7284608 TI - The rights of involuntary patients to refuse pharmacotherapy: what is reasonable? PMID- 7284606 TI - Psychiatric aspects of familicide. PMID- 7284607 TI - Voluntary "involuntary" commitment--the briar-patch syndrome. AB - Szasz and others have pointed out that many so-called voluntary admissions to mental hospitals have various elements of coercion involved, and are thus not truly voluntary. The author contends that the converse situation is also true, that many patients admitted under involuntary commitment papers arrange for their own commitments. Reasons for such choices are discussed in the context of a review of the literature and several case histories. PMID- 7284609 TI - Insanity plea in Connecticut. PMID- 7284610 TI - The Boston State Hospital case: its impact on the handling of future mental health litigation. PMID- 7284611 TI - President's message: The ethics of forensic psychiatry. PMID- 7284612 TI - The forensic psychiatrist as teacher. PMID- 7284613 TI - The education of the psychiatrist of tomorrow. PMID- 7284614 TI - Teaching general psychiatry in a sociolegal clinic: down from the tower and into the community. PMID- 7284615 TI - A consultation model for post-doctoral training in forensic psychiatry. PMID- 7284617 TI - A fish out of water? A psychiatrist in a law school. PMID- 7284618 TI - The expert witness as a teacher. PMID- 7284616 TI - Accreditation of fellowship programs in forensic psychiatry: a preliminary report. PMID- 7284619 TI - Legislative acts and psychiatric input--a New Jersey experience. PMID- 7284620 TI - The unconsciousness defense as applied to post traumatic stress disorder in a Vietnam veteran. PMID- 7284621 TI - The spousal homicide syndrome: legal implications. PMID- 7284624 TI - Acute toxicity of some chlorinated phenols, catechols and cresols to trout. PMID- 7284622 TI - Plasma androgens and the sex offender. PMID- 7284623 TI - The effect of female social position on geographic variations in the sex ratio of arrests. PMID- 7284625 TI - Avoidance of dredge spoil by herring (Clupea harengus harengus). PMID- 7284627 TI - Relationship of mortality of aquatic biota from 96-hour sediment bioassays and the change in chemical composition of the test water. PMID- 7284626 TI - Accumulation of copper, zinc, cadmium and lead from two contaminated sediments by three marine invertebrates--a laboratory study. PMID- 7284629 TI - Distribution and elimination routes of a naphthenic hydrocarbon (dodecylcyclohexane) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). PMID- 7284631 TI - Relation between mercury concentration and size in the mako shark. PMID- 7284630 TI - Elimination of laboratory-acquired cadmium by the oyster Crassostrea virginica in the natural environment. PMID- 7284628 TI - South Louisiana crude oil or DDE in the diet of mallard hens: effects on egg quality. PMID- 7284632 TI - Biotransformation of mercurials by intestinal microorganisms isolated from yellowfin tuna. PMID- 7284634 TI - A radioimmunoassay to screen for 2,4,-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in surface water. PMID- 7284635 TI - Absorption and effect of simazine and atrazine on Elodea canadensis. PMID- 7284633 TI - Death in bats from DDE, DDT or dieldrin: diagnosis via residues in carcass fat. PMID- 7284636 TI - Residues of 4-aminopyridine in poisoned birds. PMID- 7284640 TI - Photolysis of phoxim on glass and on tomato leaves. PMID- 7284637 TI - Residue analysis of methiocarb applied to ripening sorghum as a bird repellent in Senegal. PMID- 7284641 TI - Identification of the synergist bis(2,3,3,3-tetrachloropropyl)ether in human milk. PMID- 7284639 TI - Oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor and cis-nonachlor residues in adipose tissues of dogs and cats collected in the Tokyo area. PMID- 7284638 TI - Brain cholinesterase response in songbirds exposed to experimental fenitrothion spraying in New Brunswick, Canada. PMID- 7284644 TI - Gas exchange and respiratory mechanics in moderate and severe pulmonary oedema in dogs. PMID- 7284643 TI - Blood and erythrocyte hydrogen ion concentrations in acid-base imbalance from respiratory disorders. PMID- 7284642 TI - Effect of fluoride on copper, manganese and zinc in bone and kidney. PMID- 7284645 TI - Changes in exhaled pulmonary diffusing capacity at rest and exercise in individuals with impaired positional diffusion. PMID- 7284646 TI - [Lipid analysis of sputum from patients with chronic bronchial diseases]. PMID- 7284647 TI - Spirometry and gas exchange in chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. PMID- 7284648 TI - Professional non-compliance: a neglected problem. PMID- 7284649 TI - Phenytoin and cognitive function: effects on normal volunteers and implications for epilepsy. AB - Despite the widespread use of phenytoin in the treatment of epilepsy, few studies have examined its effects on cognitive functioning. We report here the results of an investigation into the effects of phenytoin on the performance of non epileptic volunteers, on a series of specially designed psychological tests. Subjects received placebo or phenytoin 300 mg per day for two weeks in a double blind crossover design and measures were taken of phenytoin serum levels. The results demonstrate a deleterious effect of phenytoin upon several important aspects of cognition, including memory, concentration, mental and motor speed. The implications of our findings for the treatment of patients with epilepsy are discussed. PMID- 7284650 TI - Differences in social skills performance between institutionalized juvenile male offenders and a comparable group of boys without offence records. AB - Eighteen institutionalized young male offenders and 18 boys without criminal records, comparable in terms of age, academic performance and social background, were videotaped during a five-minute standardized interview with a previously unknown adult. The videotapes were then subjected to a behavioural analysis of 13 responses which had previously been suggested to be important social skill components. The tapes were also shown to six independent judges who rated each tape in terms of social skills performance, social anxiety, friendliness, and employability. The offender group was found to differ significantly from the non offender group in terms of the level of eye-contact, head movements, amount spoken, fiddling movements, and gross body movements. The offender group was also rated in significantly less favourably terms on the scales of social skills performance, social anxiety, and employability, compared to the non-offender groups. No significant difference was found in terms of friendliness ratings. Correlation analyses between the specific behavioural measures and the subjective rating scales revealed statistically significant associations between six of the 13 behavioural measures and one or more of the subjective rating scales. The provides some indication of the type of responses important in determining the impression made by adolescent male in an interview situation. PMID- 7284651 TI - A survey version of the Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly (CAPE). AB - A shortened version of the Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly (CAPE) based on two of the subscales is described and evaluated in relation to the full scales and a measure of composite disability based on the factor analysis of the results of 400 subjects. Its reliability and apparent validity make the new CAPE Survey Score a useful measure for assessment of the dependency levels of the elderly. PMID- 7284652 TI - A further analysis of memory loss in dementia and depression in the elderly. PMID- 7284653 TI - Marital quality and disturbed child behaviour. AB - A set of 12 measures based on separate reports by husbands and wives was used to determine whether families of children displaying disturbed behaviour have poorer marital relations than those of children without presenting symptoms. Following an initial discriminant analysis which revealed significant differences between a clinical and non-clinical group of marital pairs, cluster analysis of the total sample yielded three subgroups with greater homogeneity. Two discriminant functions distinguished significantly between these groups; the first function, which accounted for most of the variance, arranged the groups in linear order along a general dimension of marital quality. The second, smaller function separated the middle group from the two extremes which represented mainly clinical and non clinical cases respectively. The quality of marital relations was found to decline from high levels of mutual regard and consensus in the non clinical group to mutual dissatisfaction in the clinical group and this was greater for wives than husbands. In the middle group, of mixed clinical and non clinical cases, the wives remained strongly committed to parental and marital roles but dissatisfaction was expressed in the quality of their interpersonal conduct. In general the wife's evaluation of her husband was an important contributor to her level of marital satisfaction and, in turn, to the general quality of the marital relation. PMID- 7284654 TI - A psychophysical investigation of auditory functioning in schizophrenia. AB - The present report is of the application of Treisman's (1964) model of perceptual functioning to the study of schizophrenic hallucinations. It was hypothesized that hallucinators would perform on an auditory threshold task as if possessing a perceptual system showing high levels of spontaneous neural activity (In). Three groups were compared on the Weber functions for pure tone intensity: schizophrenic hallucinators, old people and anxiety neurotics. From these functions, estimates of In were calculated using Barlow's (1957b) method. No group differences were found. An alternative explanation of schizophrenic hallucinations, in terms of increased responsiveness to normal levels of background sensory activity, is proposed. PMID- 7284655 TI - Processing of information about self by neurotics. AB - This article examines the possibility that neurotic people exhibit consistent idiosyncracies of cognitive information processing. Specifically, it was hypothesized that if a subject is presented with both negative and positive information which is said to refer to the subject's personality then neurotic people should exhibit a greater than normal tendency to selectively process the self-depreciatory rather than the self-appreciatory information. An experimental investigation with both clinically neurotic and normal samples employed a variety of experimental measures in conjunction with three personality measures (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Repression-Sensitization scale, and Social Self esteem), and provided evidence for the existence of such an association. PMID- 7284656 TI - Smoking and personality: a factorial study. PMID- 7284658 TI - [Constrictive fibrous endocarditis: surgical treatment]. PMID- 7284657 TI - Racial bias in an MMPI index in schizophrenia. PMID- 7284659 TI - [Quantitative determination of the activity of the vagus nerve and its value in the regulation of heart function]. PMID- 7284660 TI - Pathology and surgery of the canaliculi. PMID- 7284661 TI - Reconstruction of canaliculi. PMID- 7284662 TI - Ophthalmological aspects of chronic CS2 intoxication. PMID- 7284663 TI - [Ocular complications of cerebral malaria]. PMID- 7284664 TI - Ultrasonography of haemangioma of the optic disc. PMID- 7284667 TI - How to remove an extraocular foreign body. PMID- 7284666 TI - Neuropsychiatric aspects of tics and spasms. PMID- 7284669 TI - Safety in the operating theatre: the meaning of excessive airway pressure. PMID- 7284668 TI - Psychotherapy research today. PMID- 7284670 TI - Telemetry of ECG waveforms via the GPO telephone system. PMID- 7284665 TI - Treatment of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7284672 TI - Nonsurgical treatment of haemorrhoids. PMID- 7284671 TI - Your accounts. Private practice-2. PMID- 7284673 TI - Problems of immediate postanaesthesia period. PMID- 7284674 TI - Congenital abnormalities of the gut. PMID- 7284675 TI - Congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. PMID- 7284676 TI - Liaison psychiatry. PMID- 7284677 TI - Diagnostic criteria for myocardial infarction. PMID- 7284679 TI - Aspirin inhibits the early myocardial release of thromboxane B2 and ventricular ectopic activity following acute coronary artery occlusion in dogs. AB - Acute coronary artery occlusion in anaesthetized open-chest greyhounds led to early release of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) into venous blood draining the ischaemic region. No release occurred from the remainder of the left ventricular wall (coronary sinus sampling). TxB2 release and ventricular ectopic activity were positively correlated (r = 0.863) 2 min post-occlusion. Aspirin (3 mg/kg i.v.) suppressed both local TxB2 release and ectopic activity and prevented ventricular fibrillation. It is suggested that TxB2 release is a factor contributing to early post-infarction arrhythmias. PMID- 7284678 TI - Operating microscopes and magnification systems. PMID- 7284680 TI - Effects of inflammatory agents on endothelial lysosomal fragility and their inhibition by anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - 1. Endothelial cells from human umbilical veins were maintained in tissue culture. The fragility of lysosomal membranes were studied by microdensitometry. 2. Histamine (50 microM to 10 mM), 4-methylhistamine (100 nM to 10 mM) and dimaprit (100 nM to 10 mM) increased lysosomal fragility. 2-Thiazolylethylamine and 2-pyridylethylamine (100 nM to 10 mM) had no effect. 3. Prostaglandins E1 and E2 (3 nM to 30 microM) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (2 nM to 20 microM) had no direct effect. Low concentrations of prostaglandins E1 and E2 inhibited the fragility induced by histamine 100 microM. 4. Bradykinin (100 nM to 100 microM) decreased fragility. 5. The increase in fragility induced by histamine 100 microM or dimaprit 100 microM was inhibited by cimetidine (100 microM to 1 mM) but not by mepyramine (1 microM to 1 mM). 6. Pretreatment with indomethacin, hydrocortisone, ibuprofen and sodium salicylate caused a dose-dependent inhibition of histamine-induced fragility. Threshold concentrations were 1 pM, 100 pM, 10 nM and 10 microM, respectively. 7. Lignocaine (1 microM to 1 mM) had no direct effect and did not decrease histamine-induced fragility. PMID- 7284682 TI - The effect of fenfluramine on the microstructure of feeding and drinking in the rat. AB - 1. The effects of three doses of fenfluramine on feeding and drinking in the rat were examined. 2. Feeding and drinking were subdivided into meals and bouts, and the changes in feeding/drinking were expressed in terms of meal/bout frequency, meal/bout size, meal/bout length, and eating/drinking rate. 3. The changes in these parameters were examined over different time periods after the injection. 4. Significant changes in the distribution of inter-response intervals within meals were found in time period 1 with 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg doses of fenfluramine. Videotape and computer analysis showed that the changes in inter response interval histograms differed significantly from those seen in normal animals approaching satiety. Drinking parameters also changed. 5. Compensatory increases in feeding were observed in time period 4 with the 10 mg/kg dose. 6. The difficulties in designing and interpreting experiments in feeding are discussed, and the action of fenfluramine as an anorectic drug is considered. PMID- 7284684 TI - The action of dantrolene sodium on rat fast and slow muscle in vivo. AB - 1. Rats, anaesthetized with urethane, were injected intravenously with dantrolene sodium in a carrier solution of 5% mannitol taken to pH 10 with NaOH. This carrier solution itself was without effect on extrafusal muscle contraction. 2. Dantrolene sodium (5 mg/kg) had a greater depressant action on the twitch contraction of the fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle than on the slow soleus (SOL) muscle. The EDL twitch was depressed to 25.9% +/- 1.2% (mean + s.e. mean, n = 7) of control whereas the SOL twitch was depressed to 31.3% +/- 0.4% (n = 9). These values were significantly different at the P less than 0.001 level. 3. The twitch contraction time to peak was reduced by approximately 35% in both EDL and SOL by dantrolene sodium. However, the drug reduced the half relaxation time of SOL by approximately 30% but that of EDL was hardly affected. 4. The effect of dantrolene sodium on contractions elicited by repetitive stimulation was dependent upon the stimulation frequency. For the SOL muscle the greater depression was produced at a stimulation frequency of 25 Hz and for EDL at 75 Hz. The minimum of depression was produced for a full fused tetanus for both muscles. 5. The significance of these findings is discussed in terms of the action of dantrolene sodium on motor control in the intact animal. PMID- 7284683 TI - Affinities of the protonated and non-protonated forms of hyoscine and hyoscine N oxide for muscarinic receptors of the guinea-pig ileum and a comparison of their size in solution with that of atropine. AB - 1. At 37 degrees C in 0.1 M NaCl the pKa of hyoscine (10 mM) is 7.53; the non protonated form has about one-tenth of the affinity (log K = 8.58) of the protonated form (log K = 9.58) for muscarine-sensitive receptors of the guinea pig ileum at 37 degrees C. 2. In the same conditions the pKa of hyoscine N-oxide is 5.78 and the non-protonated form is inactive on the ileum whereas the protonated form is highly active with log K estimated to be 9.9, at least as active as hyoscine methobromide (log K = 9.85). 3. Hyoscine methobromide appears to occupy less space in water than atropine methobromide; hyoscine hydrochloride occupies less space than hyoscyamine hydrochloride: the non-protonated forms are slightly bigger. Hyoscine N-oxide hydrobromide is slightly smaller than hyoscine methobromide but the removal of the proton is accompanied by a reduction in volume, such as is seen with other zwitterions. 4. These differences in volume indicated a reduction in entropy on solution which may allow a greater increase in entropy on binding to receptors and hence greater affinity. The higher activity of hyoscine itself could also be due to the presence of the N-methyl group in the axial position, rather than equatorial as in hyoscyamine or atropine. 5. The different position of the N-methyl group may partly explain why the pKa of hyoscine is 2 units lower than that of hyoscyamine or atropine. It is also probable that the unionized form of hyoscine is stabilized by hydration. 6. Although hyoscine N-oxide is only weakly active at pH 7.6, it is present in a highly active form in the acid environment of the stomach and so might be expected to act selectively at this site. PMID- 7284686 TI - Oral hyoscine butylbromide does not alter the pattern of small intestinal motor activity. AB - 1. Continuous recording of proximal jejunal motility of conscious healthy subjects was made following ingestion of 200 mg hyoscine butylbromide (ten times the recommended therapeutic dosage). 2. There was no detectable modification of fasting or postprandial motor activity, although the therapeutic potency of the standard intravenous dose was confirmed. PMID- 7284687 TI - Effects of 6-[p-(4-phenylacetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro 3(2H)pyridazinone (CCI 17810) and aspirin on platelet aggregation and adhesiveness. AB - 1. The effects of 6-[p-(4-phenylacetylpiperazin-1-yl)]-4,5-dihydro 3(2H)pyridazinon (CCI 17810) on platelet aggregation and adhesiveness have been investigated and compared with those of aspirin. 2. In vitro, CCI 17810 was a potent inhibitor of the aggregation of human platelets induced by collagen, adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) (primary response), thrombin and arachidonic acid, with EC50 values in the range 0.5 to 10 micrograms/ml. The second phase of the response to adrenaline was blocked by concentrations in the range 15 to 25 micrograms/mg. Platelets from rats, rabbits and dogs were as sensitive as human platelets to the effects of CCI 17810. Aspirin was nearly as effective as CCI 17810 against collagen, and adrenaline but about 10 times less active against arachidonic acid; it did not inhibit the primary response to ADP and was only a weak inhibitor of thrombin-induced aggregation. 3. In mice, single oral doses of CCI 17810 in the range 12.5 to 100 mg/kg inhibited collagen-induced thrombocytopenia. Arachidonic acid-induced mortality was markedly reduced by 10 mg/kg and possibly slightly reduced by 1 mg/kg. Aspirin was considerably less active than CCI 17810 in inhibiting collagen-induced thrombocytopenia but was almost as active as CCI 17810 in reducing arachidonic acid-induced mortality. 4. In vitro, CCI 17810 reduced the adhesiveness of human platelets to glass beads (retention of platelets in glass bead columns). Single oral doses of CCI 17810 in the range 25 to 200 mg/kg reduced mouse platelet adhesiveness; rat platelet adhesiveness was reduced by doses in the range 12.5 to 100 mg/kg. Aspirin (20 or 200 mg/kg) slightly increased mouse platelet adhesiveness. PMID- 7284688 TI - The effect of a xanthine derivative, 1-(5' oxohexyl)-3-methyl-7-propylxanthine (HWA 285), on heart performance and regional blood flow in dogs and rabbits. AB - 1. The effect of a new xanthine derivate 1-5' oxohexyl-3-methyl-7-propylxanthine (HWA 285) was studied on heart performance in dogs and rabbits and on regional blood flow in rabbits. 2. Heart performance (cardiac output and dP/dt max) in dogs was increased. Cardiac work (calculated as CO x mean BP) was not changed in dogs and did not change or was slightly decreased in rabbits. Heart rate was increased in dogs and unchanged in rabbits. 3. Blood pressure decreased slightly in dogs, and more markedly in rabbits. Total peripheral resistance was decreased in both species. 4. Regional blood flow (studied by use of 15 micrometers labelled microspheres) was increased in the heart, brain and skeletal muscle; the increase was dose-dependent in the range 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg HWA 285 per kg intravenously. The highest dose produced a 2 fold decrease in the peripheral resistance in the brain, a 2.5 fold decrease in the heart and 4 fold decrease in skeletal muscle. 5. The drugs preferentially dilated small (7 to 10 micrometers) rather than larger (12 to 17 micrometers) arterioles; 9 micrometers microspheres were found in the outflowing blood after application of the drug, and the calculated blood flow increases were smaller, or absent, as compared with values obtained with 15 micrometer microspheres. PMID- 7284681 TI - Alteration of smooth muscle contractility after muscarinic agonist-induced K+ loss. AB - 1. After stimulation of the longitudinal smooth muscle of the guinea-pig ileum by an optimal dose (2 x 10(-7) M) of a muscarinic agent, cis-2-methyl-4 dimethylaminomethyl-1,3-dioxolane methiodide (CD), the muscles failed to regain their normal spontaneous activity for 20 to 30 min. During the recovery period, subsequent contractions induced by either CD or 60 mM KCl were altered, particularly when only short times (15 min or less) were allowed between exposures. 2. Altered responses to CD had depressed phasic but increased tonic tensions and were characteristic of responses induced by lower doses of CD. The altered responsiveness probably represented an early phase of muscle 'densensitization'. 3. In contrast to muscarinic stimulation, the smooth muscles gave identical responses after repeated stimulation by 60 mM KCl, even when only 2 min were allowed between exposures. 4. Whereas K+ levels increased in muscles exposed to 60 mM KCl, they decreased during contractions to CD. The K+ levels remained low until the muscles recovered their normal responsiveness. 5. Increasing the extracellular K+ concentration (5 to 13 mM) hastened the recovery of the muscle responsiveness after CD, whereas lowering external K+ concentration to 1.35 mM or the addition of ouabain (5 x 10(-7) M) delayed the recovery. The results suggested that the Na+, K+-pump is rate-limiting in the recovery of the normal ionic balance of the muscles after stimulation by muscarinic agonists. PMID- 7284685 TI - Effects of vasopressin on smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig mesenteric vessels. AB - 1 The effects of vasopressin on the membrane and contractile properties of smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig mesenteric arteries, and mesenteric and portal veins were investigated in various ionic environments by means of a micro-electrode technique and an isometric tension recording method. The results were compared with those obtained with oxytocin and noradrenaline (NA).2 In the mesenteric jejunal artery, the mean membrane potential was -56.6 +/- 2.3 mV, s.d, and the membrane was electrically quiescent. Application of outward current pulses generated small graded responses, and the current voltage relationship was linear with application of an inward current pulse.3 Vasopressin and NA depolarized the membrane and increased the membrane resistance. Vasopressin was a 1000 times more potent than oxytocin in depolarizing the membrane. In high concentrations, vasopressin (1 x 10(-3) or 1 x 10(-2) iu/ml) or NA (5.9 x 10(-5) M) generated slow oscillatory membrane potential changes (slow waves) and spikes during the depolarization. The excitatory actions of vasopressin and NA were not suppressed by tetrodotoxin (3.1 x 10(-7) M) or ouabain (1.3 x 10(-6) M) and the actions of vasopressin were not suppressed by adrenoceptor blocking agents (3.9 x 10(-7) M phentolamine or 3.6 x 10(-7) M propranolol).4 The depolarization induced by vasopressin or NA is mainly due to a decrease in the K-permeability of the membrane. However, the contribution of other ionic species to the depolarization induced by vasopressin or NA differed, e.g. in low concentrations of [Na](o), the NA-induced depolarization was suppressed to a greater extent than that due to vasopressin. In low concentrations of [Ca](o), the vasopressin-induced depolarization was suppressed to a greater extent than with NA.5 In low concentrations of [Ca](o) and in the presence of vasopressin or NA, spike generation was inhibited but slow waves were not. In low concentrations of [Na](o), the vasopressin-induced slow waves and spikes were for the great part preserved, but with a high concentration of [Ca](o), vasopressing-induced slow waves were suppressed.6 Both vasopressin and NA produced contractions in the jejunal mesenteric artery. However, the maximum contraction in response to vasopressin was larger than that to NA, although both induced similar membrane depolarization. In a low concentration of [Na](o), vasopressin but not NA produced a contraction.7 In the cranial mesenteric artery, NA (5.9 x 10(-5) M) depolarized the membrane and produced a contraction, while vasopressin (1 x 10( 1) iu/ml) and oxytocin (1 x 10(-1) iu/ml) neither depolarized the member nor produced a contraction. In the mesenteric vein, NA (5.9 x 10(-5) M) slightly depolarized the membrane and produced a small contraction. On the other hand, in the portal vein, NA (5.9 x 10(-7) M) produced a marked depolarization and a contraction. Vasopressin (1 x 10(-1) iu/ml) and oxytocin (1 x 10(-1) iu/ml) produced neither excitatory nor inhibitory actions in these veins.8 It is concluded that vasopressin acts on only small muscular arteries, while NA acts on all mesenteric vessels, particularly the portal vein. Therefore, the hepatic portal vascular resistance may be increased by NA and reduced by vasopressin. PMID- 7284689 TI - Ontogenesis of uptake and deamination of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and beta phenylethylamine in isolated perfused lung and lung homogenates from rats. AB - 1. Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) was studied in perfused lung from male rats between 10 and 70 days old. 2. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity towards 5-HT, PEA and dopamine was studied in homogenate preparations of lung from rats aged between 5 and 80 days. 3. Uptake of 5-HT (10 microM) decreased throughout the age range studied but uptake of PEA (50 microM) increased for the first 30 days and beyond this age it decreased. Metabolites formed for both amines reflected the changes in uptake. 4. MAO activity deaminating 5-HT is well developed by day 10 and reaches its maximum by day 40. For dopamine and PEA, MAO activity remained low until day 20, and the developed rapidly, reaching a maximum by day 40 for dopamine; activity towards PEA did not reach a maximum by day 80. 5. These results show that uptake and MAO activity changes with age and thus the lung responds like other tissues. 6. These results also demonstrate the independent development of uptake and MAO activity towards 5 HT, PEA and dopamine. PMID- 7284691 TI - Characteristics of (+/-)-[14C]-oxprenolol and (+/-)-[14C]-propranolol incorporation by rat lung slices. AB - 1 The uptake of (+/-)-[14C]-oxprenolol and (+/-)-[14C]propranolol has been studied in rat lung slices. The loss of these two radiolabelled beta-adrenoceptor antagonists from pre-loaded lung slices has also been studied. 2 Over the concentration range studied (3.3 x 10(-7)M to 1.7 x 10(-3)M) a biphasic uptake of both compounds was observed. At concentration below 1.5 x 10(-4)M approximately, there was some evidence of saturability, but at higher concentrations uptake appeared to be a linear function of drug concentration. 3 At concentrations of 6.6 x 10(-7)M and 1.7 x 10(-6)M respectively, the uptake of oxprenolol and propranolol was significantly reduced by low temperature, anaerobic conditions, incubation in NA+-free medium, and by the metabolic inhibitors potassium cyanide and 2,4-dinitrophenol. Ouabain had little or no effect. 4 At the same concentration, oxprenolol uptake was also inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by propranolol, amphetamine, chlorpromazine and imipramine. Noradrenaline was without effect. 5 The loss of oxprenolol and propranolol from lung slices preloaded with the two compounds was fairly slow, with 60 to 70% of the drug originally taken up still remaining in the tissue after 30 min in fresh medium. 6 Possible mechanisms underlying the pulmonary accumulation of oxprenolol and propranolol are discussed. PMID- 7284690 TI - Effect of verapamil on the pulmonary vasoconstrictor action of prostaglandin F2 alpha and a synthetic PGH2 analogue. AB - 1 The vasopressor response to prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and to ((15S) hydroxy-11 alpha, 9 alpha-(epoxymethano)-prosta-5Z, 13E-dienoic acid) (U-46619) in the canine isolated lung lobe was significantly attenuated following the administration of verapamil. 2 The pressor response to arachidonic acid (AA) was not affected by the presence of verapamil. 3 The pulmonary pressor effect of PGF2 alpha and U-46619 is dependent, at least in part, on Ca2+ influx into vascular smooth muscle cells. 4 The pulmonary pressor response to AA cannot be attributed to PGF2 alpha or to endoperoxide intermediates but to some other product dependent on intracellular calcium stores. PMID- 7284692 TI - An analysis of functional antagonism and synergism. AB - 1 A method is described for deriving null equations for functional antagonism and synergism. These null equations relate together the concentrations of agonist required to produce equivalent states of a cell or tissue in the presence and in the absence of a functional interactant. 2 In one particular case the null equation leads to conclusions which are very similar to those reached by an earlier author who did not use the null method. However, the null equations give a clearer insight into the quantitative aspects of functional interaction. 3 It is concluded that the use of functional antagonism to estimate affinity constants and relative intrinsic efficacies of agonists has serious limitations. On the other hand, it may be possible to use the null equations, or similar principles, to test the validity of postulated mechanisms and sites of action of functional interactants. PMID- 7284694 TI - Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the catecholamine containing areas of the hypothalamus of the rat after treatment with phenelzine and tryptophan. AB - 1 Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the catecholamine containing nerve endings of the hypothalamus in the rat brain was found after intraperitoneal injection of phenelzine sulphate (25 mg/kg) and tryptophan (100 and 400 mg/kg). 2 The results were obtained by fluorescence microscopy and microspectrofluorimetry. PMID- 7284695 TI - The effects of the subcutaneous injection of the crude venom of the Australian common brown snake, Pseudonaja textilis on the skeletal neuromuscular system. AB - 1 The effects of the crude venom of the Australian common brown snake on the mammalian neuromuscular system have been investigated. 2 The venom was injected subcutaneously into the dorso-lateral aspect of one hind limb of the rat. The limb was paralyzed within 90 min and remained paralysed for 2 to 3 days. 3 The exposed muscles failed to respond to indirect excitation, and individual fibres were not depolarized at the nerve-muscle junction by exposure to carbachol. 4 The wet weight, histological appearance, resting potential and input resistance of the muscle fibres and their ability to generate directly elicited action potentials were unaffected by exposure to the venom. 5 Administration of venom to isolated preparations caused a reduction in the amplitude of miniature endplate potentials, with no change in frequency. The quantal content of evoked endplate potentials was unchanged. 6 It was concluded that the crude venom was largely devoid of presynaptic activity and myotoxicity, and that its primary site of neurotoxicity was directed to the postsynaptic membrane. PMID- 7284693 TI - A test of the null equation for functional antagonism. AB - 1 The quantitative model for functional antagonism and synergism has been tested by studying its ability to fit data obtained from the functional antagonism of ( )-isoprenaline by muscarinic agonists on guinea-pig isolated atria. 2 The general form of the null equation has been shown to fit the experimental curves satisfactorily. 3 Functional interaction between (-)-isoprenaline and muscarinic agonists on atria has been shown to be type I although there does seem to be a discrepancy between values of the functional affinity constants, KA1F and KA2F, estimated in two different ways. 4 The affinity constants, KA, of the muscarinic agonists for their receptors have been estimated by use of the selective irreversible antagonist propylbenzilylcholine mustard. The discrepancy between KAF (i.e. both KA1F and KA2F) and KA is small for pentyltrimethylammonium which is an agonist of low intrinsic efficacy. By contrast the discrepancy between KAF and KA is much greater for methylfurmethide and oxotremorine both of which have much higher intrinsic efficacies. These results are as predicted by the model. 5 It is suggested that the discrepancy between KA1F and KA2F may be due to the limited ability of the equation l/S omega = aI + bI/S alpha to describe quantitatively the relation between sequential stimuli. However, it is concluded that this complication need not interfere with the use of the model to study mechanisms and possible sites of functional interaction. PMID- 7284697 TI - Mechanisms of Forssman-induced bronchospasm and their inhibition. AB - 1 The bronchospasm induced in the guinea-pig by the injection of Forssman antiserum was biphasic in nature in both the sublethal and the lethal reaction. 2 The development of both phases of the bronchospasm in the sublethal reaction was dependent upon the presence of the intact complement system and circulating platelets. In the lethal reaction the phase II bronchospasm did not appear to depend on these factors. 3 The compounds used in this study inhibited phase I bronchospasm of the sublethal reaction in the order, methysergide greater than indomethacin greater than aspirin = sulphinpyrazone and phase II in the order, indomethacin greater than sulphinpyrazone greater than aspirin. Methysergide was inactive. 4 Aspirin, indomethacin and sodium salicylate all prevented the inhibitory action of sulphinpyrazone in reducing the phase II bronchospasm of the sublethal reaction in the order, indomethacin greater than sodium salicylate greater than aspirin, when the drugs were administered prior to sulphinpyrazone. 5 The inhibitory action of aspirin on the sulphinpyrazone effect could be prevented by administering sulphinpyrazone before aspirin. All drug-induced inhibitions of sulphinpyrazone by aspirin, indomethacin and sodium salicylate were dose-dependent. PMID- 7284696 TI - Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. 16--18th December, 1980. PMID- 7284698 TI - Selective acetylenic 'suicide' and reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase types A and B. AB - 1 A number of aromatic-N-propargyl (acetylenic) compounds and indoleamines were tested for their inhibitory action on monoamine oxidase (MAO) type A and type B using the substrates 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) and dopamine. 2 Structure activity studies with aromatic-N-propragyl (acetylenic) derivatives have shown that MAO inhibitory potency is least dependent on the aromatic portion of the compounds. N-methylated propargyl derivatives are the most active and replacement of the methyl group with a higher alkyl or aromatic group results in significant reduction of activity. The triple bond in the N propargyl portion is absolutely essential for activity and must be beta-to the nitrogen. It is the acetylenic group that gives these compounds their irreversible MAO inhibitory property. 3 The present study has indicated that since the acetylenic compounds resemble the enzyme substrates the distance between the aromatic ring and the N-propargyl terminal is crucial in designating the type A or type B MAO inhibitory property. For MAO type A inhibition, a distance equivalent to at least three carbon units is required, while for the inhibition of the B type enzyme this distance can be 1 or 2 carbon units. 4 The compounds AGN-1133 and AGN-1135 show most promise in Parkinson's disease or as anti-depressants because of their irreversible selective type B MAO inhibition in vitro and in vivo. 5 A number of indoleamine derivatives were found to be reversible selective type A inhibitors. PMID- 7284699 TI - The effects of intracerebroventricular cycloheximide on protein synthesis and fever in rabbits. AB - Cycloheximide (40 micrograms) intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) had no effect on thermoregulation against cold, but reduced fever due to an i.c.v. injection of leucocyte pyrogen (LP) by 25%, and reduced incorporation of radioactive leucine into hypothalamic protein by 94%. PMID- 7284700 TI - Prostaglandins, thromboxanes and the pregnant rat uterus at term. AB - 1 Prostaglandin and thromboxane release from the term pregnant (Day 22) rat uterus in vitro has been measured by radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. 2 Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2, PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) (measured as their metabolites, 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and TXB2, respectively) were released in large amounts, while PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were released in smaller amounts. PGD2 was released in the largest quantities. 3 Treatment of the term pregnant rat uterus in vitro with the PGI2 synthesis inhibitors, 15-hydroperoxy arachidonic acid (15-OOH AA) and tranylcypromine caused spasm of the tissue. 4 15-OOH AA caused dose-dependent increases in prostaglandin release, while tranylcypromine caused a fall in the release of PGE2 but did not affect the release of other prostaglandins. A possible reason for the effect of 15-OOH AA on prostaglandin release is discussed. 5 Indomethacin prevented spontaneous activity of the term pregnant rat uterus in vitro. Contractions were restored by prostaglandins and their order or potency was PGE2 greater than PGF2 alpha greater than PGI2 greater than PGD2 much greater than 6 oxo-PGF1 alpha = TXB2. PMID- 7284701 TI - Accumulation of [3H]-ouabain in functionally different canine cardiac tissues: differential Rb+ uptake. AB - 1 In order to understand tissue-specific differences in sensitivity to ouabain, the distribution of [3H]-ouabain was investigated in seven functionally different, canine cardiac tissues. 2 Specialized cardiac tissues (e.g., pacemaker or conducting tissues) accumulate much less ouabain than do the contractile tissues such as the left ventricle or the papillary muscle. 3 This study confirms a greater Rb+ uptake in the Purkinje fibre than in the contractile tissue. 4 The results disprove the hypothesis that a high accumulation of ouabain in the Purkinje fibre is responsible for the well-known sensitivity to ouabain in this tissue. PMID- 7284703 TI - Identification of the endogenous depressive syndrome based on the symptoms and the characteristics of the course. AB - Using a sample of 198 depressed patients (145 female, 53 male) retrospective histories of the illnesses were collected during a depression-free interval, based on a catalogue containing 38 symptom items and the course of the depression (including the interval personality). A cluster analysis on persons and items filtered out an endogenous depressive item profile, corresponding with the clinical syndrome of patients diagnosed as endogenous depressives in the clinics, although determined without reference to the clinical diagnoses. Our study supports many results from earlier multivariate statistical studies. We consider our data to be an essential contribution towards the establishment of a multiaxial clinical picture. PMID- 7284702 TI - The response of the rabbit rectococcygeus muscle to stimulation of extrinsic inhibitory nerves and to sympathomimetic drugs. AB - 1 The effects of stimulating sympathetic or non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) nerves or of the addition of noradrenaline (NA) or isoprenaline (Iso) were investigated on carbachol-induced tone and on contractions produced by acetylcholine (ACh) and by pelvic nerve stimulation, in the rabbit rectococcygeus muscle.2 Each procedure reduced carbachol-induced tone; sympathetic and NANC nerve stimulation were equipotent but both were less effective than sympathomimetic drugs, of which Iso was the better. Both Iso and NA, but not sympathetic nerve stimulation, inhibited the contractions produced by pelvic nerve stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner. Against ACh-induced contractions, only Iso was effective. The effects of NANC nerve stimulation on the motor responses to pelvic nerve stimulation or to ACh were not investigated.3 The inhibitory effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation, of Iso and of NA were reduced by propranolol (3 x 10(-6) M) but unaffected by phentolamine (3 x 10(-5) M).4 In the presence of high (45 mM) concentrations of KCl, Iso and NA produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of tone that was antagonized by propranolol (3 x 10(-6) M).5 Methoxamine (4 x 10(-7) to 4 x 10(-5) M) and phenylephrine (5 x 10( 7) to 5 x 10(-5) M) which interact mainly with alpha(1)-adrenoceptors, produced only small, transient reductions in carbachol-induced tone which were subject to tachyphylaxis, unlike those produced by Iso and NA. These inhibitory effects were antagonized by phentolamine (3 x 10(-6) M) or azapetine (3 x 10(-6) M).6 Phenylephrine (5 x 10(-4) M) and high doses (3 x 10(-5) M or greater) of NA enhanced the contractile response to pelvic nerve stimulation and, on occasion, produced muscle contraction. These effects were antagonized by phentolamine (3 x 10(-6) M).7 These results suggest that inhibition of the rectococcygeus, a muscle which has no intramural nerve plexus, can be inhibited by stimulation of extrinsic NANC nerves, the transmitter for which is unknown and by sympathetic nerve stimulation via alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors located postsynaptically on the muscle. Excitatory alpha-adrenoceptors may also be present. PMID- 7284706 TI - Social relationships, adversity and neurosis: an analysis of prospective observations. AB - The effect of deficiencies in social relationships has been studied prospectively in a community sample. In the half who were exposed to the higher level of adversity, these deficiencies explained 30 per cent of the variance in neurotic symptoms four months later. They explained only 4 per cent in those with lower adversity. Contrary to expectation, it was not the lack of relationships, but perception of these as being inadequate under adversity, which had by far the stronger predictive power. This may mean that actual conditions in the immediate social environment are not important for neurosis. Instead, intrapsychic and personality factors may have a much stronger effect. PMID- 7284705 TI - Some familial and clinical characteristics of female suicidal psychiatric patients. AB - The study compares 72 female psychiatric patients who had a history of suicide attempt with 122 who had neither attempted nor contemplated suicide. Of these 194 women, 128 had experienced the death of their mothers before the age of 11, but the proportions of early bereaved and not early bereaved who were suicidal were similar. Not even the events which followed bereavement affected suicidal behaviour, but the suicidal patients tended to come from larger sibships. Poor quality of the marriage and, for the early bereaved only, having three or more children related significantly to suicidal behaviour. The suicidal women were significantly more often described as dependent. Suicidal behaviour was not differentiated on the endogenous/neurotic depressive dichotomy but it was significantly related to severity of depression. PMID- 7284704 TI - Inhibition of in vitro production of aldosterone by manic-depressive sera. AB - Serum samples from psychiatric patients were added to incubations of rat adrenal cortical cells synthesizing aldosterone. A high proportion of sera from patients with bipolar manic-depressive psychosis inhibited aldosterone production, but chronic in-patients without affective disorders gave few inhibitory sera. Inhibition was greatest in depression, lowest during normal affect. In one patient studied through 11 affective cycles the inhibitor score increased during transitions from mania to depression, showing a significant regression on time. The possible relationship of this in vitro phenomenon to the defect of aldosterone regulation in manic-depressive psychosis is discussed. PMID- 7284707 TI - Psychiatric interviewing techniques. III. Naturalistic study: eliciting feelings. AB - A naturalistic study was undertaken of 36 video and audio-taped interviews undertaken by 7 different psychiatric trainees. The interviews studied were those conducted in the ordinary course of clinic work for diagnostic and therapeutic planning purposes by trainees when first seeing the parent or parents of a child newly referred to a psychiatric clinic. It was found that a variety of rather different interview techniques seemed to facilitate emotional expression. These included a low level of interview talk with few interruptions, a high rate of open rather than closed questions, direct requests for feelings, interpretations and expressions of sympathy. The issue of how far these associations reflected causal influences is discussed. PMID- 7284708 TI - Evaluation of standardized behavioural treatment for agoraphobic in-patients administered by untrained therapists. AB - Using a standardized behavioural programme, nine in-patients with severe agoraphobia were treated by staff who had minimal training in the theory and practice of behaviour therapy. With one exception patients showed marked reduction in subjective fear and avoidance, both following treatment and at follow-up. The indications for such treatment are considered and compared with those for alternative behavioural approaches that have recently been advocated. PMID- 7284709 TI - Diminished responsibility. PMID- 7284710 TI - Hypoalgesia in depression. PMID- 7284711 TI - Nomifensine and dyskinesia. PMID- 7284712 TI - Schizophrenia on paternal and maternal sides. PMID- 7284713 TI - The use of the renal capsule in renal and ureteric surgery. PMID- 7284714 TI - Renal angiomyolipoma: a review of the literature and a report of 4 cases. PMID- 7284715 TI - Chronic peripelvic extravasation treated conservatively. PMID- 7284717 TI - Ileal conduit urinary diversion in children. An assessment of the long-term results. PMID- 7284716 TI - Ureteric obstruction of solitary kidneys by aneurysms of the iliac artery. AB - Two rare cases are reported, both known to have solitary kidneys, that had ureteric obstruction caused by iliac artery aneurysms. Iliac aneurysms have a high mortality and may present to the urologist as an uncommon cause of ureteric obstruction. When the ureter of a solitary kidney is obstructed it is recommended that both ureterolysis and a temporary proximal diversion be performed. A common iliac aneurysm should be excised and grafted where possible; an internal iliac aneurysm is best treated by simple ligation or partial excision only. PMID- 7284718 TI - Ureterocele in bilharziasis of the urinary tract. PMID- 7284719 TI - The use and mechanism of anal sphincter stretch in the reflex bladder. PMID- 7284721 TI - Urological complications of traumatic diastasis of the symphysis pubis in the female. PMID- 7284720 TI - Synthesis of ABH blood group substances in bladder tumours. AB - A specific red cell adherence test which can detect the cell surface ABH blood group antigens was performed on formalin-fixed frozen sections of 38 bladder tumours. In 27 tumours decreased glycosyltransferase activity was suggested, but the site and the degree of the blockade did not seem to be identical in every tumour. Blood group A and B tumours could be grouped into 4 types according to the presence of these 3 isoantigens. One group which showed A or B but no H activity (Type I) consisted only of grade 1, superficial tumours. All of the invasive tumours belonged to other types. For blood group O tumours no clear-cut correlation could be found between malignancy of the tumour and the presence of H activity. Eight of 22 grade 2 or 3 tumours and 9 of 21 invasive tumours retained the isoantigen, which seemed to invalidate the use of this test as a predictive indicator. Only where blood group A or B patients were concerned, and the presence of H activity was regarded as abnormal as well as the absence of A and B, could all grade 2 or 3 tumours and all invasive tumours be detected by this test. PMID- 7284722 TI - The diagnosis and management of acute scrotal conditions in boys. PMID- 7284723 TI - Loewenstein-Buschke tumour of penis--a carcinomimic. Report of 24 cases with review of the literature. PMID- 7284725 TI - Post-gonococcal prostatic cyst: an unusual abdominal mass. PMID- 7284726 TI - Ilioureteric fistula. PMID- 7284724 TI - Sertoli cell tumour: a reappraisal of management. PMID- 7284727 TI - A case of ureteric obstruction due to a double right vena cava forming a periureteric venous ring. PMID- 7284728 TI - Dermoid cyst of the prostate with contralateral renal agenesis. PMID- 7284729 TI - Spontaneous rupture of solitary functioning kidney. PMID- 7284730 TI - Bilateral renal stones in a haemophiliac. PMID- 7284731 TI - The failures of gastric surgery. PMID- 7284734 TI - A scanning electron microscopy study of ultrastructural changes in the colonic mucosa of patients with large bowel tumours. AB - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to compare the appearances of the colonic mucosal surface and overlying mucus layer of patients with normal colons, adenomatous polyps and colorectal carcinoma. The normal colonic mucosa had a characteristic orderly arrangement of crypts and was completely covered by an intact mucus layer. Epithelial and cryptal irregularities were seen on the surface of both polyps and carcinomas, and, in addition, the mucus layer was fragmented, leaving areas of the underlying epithelium exposed. These changes were more marked in colorectal cancers than in polyps and were present to a lesser degree in the apparently normal mucosa adjacent to tumours. The findings indicate that SEM can detect minor subtle irregularities on the surface of the colon and so may be useful in detecting pre-neoplastic and early neoplastic changes. PMID- 7284732 TI - Reconstructive gastric surgery. AB - Among 173 patients undergoing reconstructive gastric operations, including 115 patients who received Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy, 25 with jejunal interpositions, 11 with conversion of Billroth II to Billroth I, 8 with closure of gastroenterostomy, 5 with pyloric reconstruction and 9 with other operations, only 2 immediate postoperative mortalities occurred. A perfect or good result was obtained in 108 of 156 patients (69 per cent) at long term follow-up, while a fair result was achieved in 35 patients (22 per cent) and a poor result in 13 patients (9 per cent). We concluded that reconstructive gastric operations were safe and had clearly improved 7 of 10 patients in this series. PMID- 7284735 TI - Imaging of 111In-labelled platelets--a new method for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. AB - A radionuclide method for detecting established thrombi at all sites in the lower limb would have several advantages. Autologous platelets were labelled with 150 microCi (5.5 MBq) indium-111-oxine and re-injected into patients who were imaged with a gamma camera and data processed by a medical computer. Areas of increased uptake on imaging were correlated with the sites of thrombi identified by bilateral ascending venography. Venography in 27 patients identified 12 unilateral and 5 bilateral thrombi. On the day following the re-injection of labelled platelets, imaging identified thrombi at 13 sites in 24 limbs giving an overall correlation with venography of 84.4 per cent, correlation for the calf and thigh being 79.5 per cent and 89.1 per cent respectively. In the thigh 57.1 per cent of thrombi were identified by imaging and 52.9 per cent in the calf. Activity over thrombi was at least 20 per cent higher than in adjacent areas or at similar sites in the contralateral leg. Herapin therapy is considered to affect the detection of deep vein thrombus adversely by this technique. The technique offers a useful method for the diagnosis of both early and established thrombi at any site in the lower limb. PMID- 7284736 TI - Surgical management of injuries of the large intestine. AB - During the period 1969-79, 106 patients were admitted to the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast suffering from injuries of the large intestine as a consequence of civil disturbances in Northern Ireland. Eighty-eight of these had penetrating wounds of the colon or rectum. Eighteen patients died as a result of multiple injuries. In these patients there was an average of 3.6 intra-abdominal organs injured compared with a mean of 2.2 in non-fatal cases. There were no deaths among patients who had isolated colonic or rectal injuries. PMID- 7284733 TI - Five years' experience in stapling the oesophagus and rectum. AB - In the 5-year period from 1976 to 1980, 143 anastomoses were performed using circular stapling devices. In 2 further cases, anastomosis was attempted but failed and operation was completed by orthodox methods. There were 101 oesophageal anastomoses; 70 of these were transections in patients with oesophageal varices and 31 were either oesophagogastric or oesophagojejunal in nature, mainly following excisional cancer surgery. The remaining 42 patients had colorectal anastomoses following anterior resection of the rectosigmoid. Initial results in a follow-up period from 2 months to 5 years have been encouraging. There were 3 cases of complete anastomotic dehiscence and 4 cases of leakage. Stricture formation occurred in 10 per cent of patients but was easily controlled in the majority of cases. PMID- 7284737 TI - Lord's procedure for haemorrhoids: a prospective anal pressure study. AB - Forty-eight patients treated by Lord's procedure were studied prospectively with preoperative and several postoperative anal pressure recordings over at least 5 years. Excellent long term results were obtained in the patients with first and second-degree haemorrhoids but only just under half of those with third-degree haemorrhoids were symptom-free. There was some evidence that patients with the most active internal sphincter had the best clinical results. Pressure was significantly reduced by dilatation and pressure remained static over the next 5 years. Five patients developed recurrent symptoms between 1 and 5 years after dilatation. It was not possible to predict relapse from serial anal pressure measurements. PMID- 7284738 TI - Mechanical and humoral factors in wound healing. PMID- 7284739 TI - Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome in Northern Ireland. 1971-1980. AB - Fifty-one cases of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome diagnosed over the past 10 years have been studied. The syndrome, of which solitary ulceration was a feature in only 35 per cent of cases, included patients with multiple 'solitary' ulcers (22 per cent), broad-based polypoid lesions (25 per cent) and patchy granular hyperaemic rectal mucosa (18 per cent). The syndrome was found to be strongly associated with abnormal rectal descent. Full-thickness prolapse to or beyond the anal verge was present in 59 per cent of patients while a further 32 per cent had lesser degrees of rectal descent. In only 9 per cent was no such abnormality demonstrated. Treatment with high roughage diet supplemented with bulking agents benefited two-thirds of 27 patients so treated. Ivalon sponge rectopexy has been performed in 6 patients with associated complete rectal prolapse, and in the first 3 of these (followed for a sufficient period) the results have been satisfactory. PMID- 7284740 TI - Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 7284741 TI - Pedicle flap of the diaphragm for the repair of oesophageal injuries. PMID- 7284742 TI - Genetic aspects of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in Finnish sheep. PMID- 7284743 TI - Some muscle and growth characteristics of pigs susceptible to stress. PMID- 7284745 TI - Dapsone residues in milk and the organs of cows after intramammary and intrauterine administration. PMID- 7284744 TI - The 1975 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in Malta. II: The detection of carriers and inapparent infection. PMID- 7284746 TI - A three-year study of Lymnaea truncatula habitats, disease foci of fascioliasis. PMID- 7284747 TI - The control of enzootic abortion in sheep and goats in Cyprus. PMID- 7284748 TI - Immunization of Friesian cattle against Theileria annulata by the infection treatment method. PMID- 7284749 TI - Cell-mediated immunoprotection in calves immunized with rough Salmonella dublin. PMID- 7284750 TI - Milk fever, hypomagnesaemia and the 'downer cow' syndrome. PMID- 7284751 TI - Clostridial infections. PMID- 7284752 TI - Brain evolution in extinct South American ungulates. AB - Endocasts of 27 genera of extinct South American ungulates are known from a time span of almost 55 million years. They provide evidence of two major evolutionary trends, increase in relative brain size and expansion of the neocortex, both of which reached advanced levels by about 35 million years ago. Characteristic patterns of neocortical folding distinguished brains of the two major groups of South American ungulates, the notoungulates and litopterns, from each other and from those of the Holarctic artiodactyls and perissodactyls. Relative brain size in the South American ungulates was comparable to that of the northern ungulates, which reached modern levels by about 30 million years ago, and which shows a wide range, both than and now. PMID- 7284753 TI - Topography of the cortico-cortical connections from the striate cortex in the cat. AB - Injections of radioactive amino acids were placed in regions of the striate cortex of cat representing central, intermediate and peripheral parts of the horizontal meridian and also in regions of lower and upper visual field representations near the vertical meridian. The study of cortico-cortical connections arising from these points revealed several retinotopic arrangements in the distribution of these connections and, it is argued, of the extrastriate cortical recipient areas themselves. On retinotopic distribution exists along the banks of the middle suprasylvian sulcus, in which lower and upper visual fields are rostral and caudal, respectively, and central and peripheral visual fields are ventral (or lateral) and dorsal (or medial), respectively, in the banks. This arrangement is called the lateral suprasylvian area (LS). Another retinotopic distribution exists along the caudal bank of the posterior suprasylvian sulcus. In this region, called the posteroior suprasylvania area(PS), points at, or near, the horizontal meridian are mainly represented, central and peripheral parts of which are located dorsaly and ventrally in the sulcus, respectively. Two other retinotopic distributions of connected exist in visual areas 2(V2) and 3 (V3) of Hubel and Wiesel, in which lower and upper visual fields are situated rostrally and caudally in these areas, respectively. Along the horizontal meridian, central is lateral in V3 and medial in V2, while more peripheral points, (15 degrees, 45 degrees) of V3 and V2 approach each other, in a mirror image fashion, along the coronal plane. However, representations of these peripheral parts of the horizontal meridian are repeated twice again: extensively, caudally along the lateral border of area 18, and more restrictively rostrally, along the lateral border of area 18. PMID- 7284754 TI - Reinnervation of teeth, mucous membrane and skin following section of the inferior alveolar nerve in the cat. AB - The reinnervation of teeth, mucous membrane and skin has been investigated in the cat following section of the inferior alveolar nerve. Evidence for regeneration of sectioned fibres and for sprouting of unsectioned nerves supplying adjacent tissues (collateral sprouting) was sought. In some experiments the cut nerve ends were reapposed whilst in others the central stump was either covered with an acrylic cap or sealed inside a nylon tube. The jaw opening reflex evoked by electrical stimulation of canine tooth pulp was abolished by inferior alveolar nerve section but returned within 3-9 weeks with a raised threshold and increased latency. After re-apposition or acrylic capping, some sectioned nerves regenerated but, compared with normal, they had decreased conduction velocities, greater variation in their mechanoreceptor fields and produced smaller compound action potentials in the teeth. There was little evidence of collateral sprouting. The nylon tube completely blocked regeneration but the denervated tissues were reinnervated by collateral sprouting. Fibres supplying tooth pulp were present in the ipsilateral mylohyoid, the ipsilateral and contralateral lingual nerves and the contralateral inferior alveolar nerve. Except for the ipsilateral lingual nerve, these nerves do not normally include pulpal fibres. Partial reinnervation of skin and mucous membrane occurred and this was derived from the ipsilateral mylohyoid, lingual and buccal nerves and the contralateral inferior alveolar nerve. PMID- 7284755 TI - Comparison of the effects of dark rearing and binocular suture on development and plasticity of cat visual cortex. AB - Comparisons were made between the effects of binocular suture and dark rearing in terms of: (1) the state of visual cortical physiology after prolonged deprivation; and (2) the nature of physiological recovery seen when monocular vision was experienced after prolonged deprivation. These comparisons were based on the ocular dominance distribution and receptive field tuning characteristics of visual cortical cells. After prolonged dark rearing, most visual cortical cells were binocularly activated and had non-specific receptive field properties. Monocular vision after dark rearing produced dramatic changes: the majority of cells were responsive only to the open eye and these cells typically displayed orientation and direction selectivity. Prolonged binocular suture, on the other hand, resulted in a high incidence of unresponsive cells and cells with unmappable receptive fields, and a low proportion of binocularly responsive cells. Monocular vision experienced after binocular suture resulted in only slight physiological changes, and there was no evidence for selective development of connections from the open eye. These results indicate that dark rearing and binocular suture have different effects on the development of cat visual cortical cells. Diffuse visual stimulation through the sutured lids (binocular suture) appears to produce permanent developmental effects on cortical physiology, whereas complete deprivation (dark rearing) leaves cortex in a state which can be modified by subsequent visual experience. PMID- 7284756 TI - Effect of hypophysectomy and pituitary stalk transection on alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the frog, Rana ridibunda Pallas. AB - The existence of an alpha-MSH-like molecule in the frog brain led us to investigate the role of the pituitary gland in the maintenance of the alpha-MSH content in 3 different regions of the brain. Acetic acid extracts of hypothalamus, rhombencephalon and telencephalon were analyzed by means of a highly specific radioimmunoassay for alpha-MSH in normal, sham-operated, pituitary disconnected and hypophysectomized frogs. Transection of the pituitary stalk gave rise to a significant decrease in alpha-MSH content in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland (-71% after 3 days), but did not affect alpha-MSH content in the distal lobe or in the brain. Eight days after total hypophysectomy, an alpha-MSH immunoreactive compound, co-eluting with synthetic alpha-MSH on Sephadex G-25, was found in the 3 brain regions studied. Removal of the whole pituitary gland did not significantly modify alpha-MSH content in the hypothalamus and the telencephalon. A slight increase in alpha-MSH was even observed in the rhombencephalon of hypophysectomized animals. Furthermore, no modification in alpha-MSH immunoreactivity occurred in any region of hypophysectomized animals. These results demonstrate the existence of alpha-MSH like material in the brain of Rana ridibunda and establish that brain alpha-MSH in the frog is not of pituitary origin. PMID- 7284757 TI - Habituation of the Hoffmann reflex. AB - The human monosynaptic H-reflex system was examined for the presence of several parametric features of habituation. Dishabituation was present, but there was no indication of an increasing rate or extent of habituation during repeated sessions, nor was there any apparent habituation of the dishabituating effect of an extraneous stimulus. Furthermore, there was only a very small effect of stochastic stimulation. There was, however, a substantial effect of voluntary activation: contraction of the soleus tended to prevent habituation, while stretch of the soleus produced sensitization during repetitive stimulation. We conclude that the H-reflex is an extremely simple response system with little or no long-term plasticity. PMID- 7284758 TI - Internal K+ and Na+ concentrations and the volume of hypothalamic synaptosomes. AB - Hypothalamic synaptosomes, prepared by discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation, were suspended in media of varying osmolarity and ionic composition and the internal concentrations of K+ and Na+ were measured. The intrasynaptosomal volume was determined using [14C]inulin, 35SO4 or [14C]sucrose as extracellular markers. When the synaptosomes were suspended in 0.32 M sucrose the distribution volume of [14C]inulin and 35SO4 were similar. However, when the medium contained 140 mM NaCl and 5 mM KCl the 35SO4 space was equal to the total water space while the distribution volume of [14C]inulin corresponded to 35-51% of the total water space. [14C]sucrose distributed in a larger volume than did [14C]inulin, presumably due to intracellular permeation of sucrose. Using inulin as an extracellular marker the synaptosome volume was found to be inversely proportionate to the tonicity of the medium. [14C]inulin was considered a suitable marker of the extrasynaptosomal space and was used when determining intrasynaptosomal K+ and Na+ concentrations. The internal concentration of K+ was considerably higher than the external indicating that the synaptosomes were able to retain K+ against a concentration gradient. The synaptosomes gained Na+ when transferred to media containing 140 mM NaCl. The internal concentrations of K+ and Na+ were unaffected by glucose and elevated temperature and was only moderately changed during 90 min of incubation. The equilibrium potentials for K+ and Na+ were -68 and 13 mV respectively when the medium consisted of 0.03 M sucrose containing 140 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl. It is concluded that hypothalamic synaptosomes can maintain a high transmembrane concentration gradient for K+ whereas the membrane is rather easily penetrated by Na+. PMID- 7284760 TI - Responses to force perturbations preceding voluntary human arm movements. AB - Brief force perturbations were applied 30-120 ms prior to onset of step-tracking forearm movements by normal humans. The perturbations altered the first agonist burst of the movement-related triphasic EMG pattern. Perturbations opposing the movement resulted in an increase in the magnitude of the late part of the first agonist burst, the early part being unchanged. Conversely, in movements which would be assisted by the perturbation, EMG magnitude decreased during the late part of the burst. No reflex EMG responses were elicited during the period following the perturbation and preceding onset of the first agonist burst. PMID- 7284761 TI - Interactions of inputs from dorsal columns and ventral tracts with visual inputs on single neurons of cat superior colliculus. PMID- 7284759 TI - Changes in catecholamine neuronal uptake and receptor binding in the brains of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). AB - In these studies we have characterized differences between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar/Kyoto (WKY) rats with respect to rates of neuronal uptake of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), and beta adrenergic receptor (dihydroalprenolol; [3H]DHA) binding in the central nervous system. We find that SHR have greater rates of NE uptake in the frontal cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus and pons-medulla during early development, and that these changes are accounted for, at least in the cerebral cortex, by an increased Vmax of the NE uptake mechanism. In addition, we find a decrease in the Bmax for [3H]DHA binding, suggestive of down-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors of this region. In contrast to the results for NE uptake, we have measured significant decreases in DA uptake in the frontal cortex of the SHR at several postnatal ages. Decreases in DA uptake were also observed in the striatum of SHR although these changes were found only in animals approximately 6 weeks of age. From these results we have suggested that NE neurons projecting to a number of brain regions have elevated functional activity, while more regionally selective decreases in dopaminergic functional activity are characteristic of the SHR. We have further proposed that these changes in catecholamine neurons of the central nervous system may play an important role in the development of both the hypertension and behavioral hyperactivity exhibited by these animals. PMID- 7284762 TI - The relationship between extracellular amino acids and protein synthesis is altered during axonal regeneration. AB - The incorporation of [3H]proline into proteins of goldfish retinal ganglion cells was measured by light microscopic autoradiography of isolated retinas that had been incubated in labeled medium under pulse-chase conditions. It was found that the composition of the immediate precursor pool for protein synthesis is more directly influenced by extracellular amino acids in regenerating cells 14 d after axotomy than in sham-operated controls. PMID- 7284763 TI - A comparison of short-latency auditory-evoked potentials in two strains of mice: possible neurophysiological correlates of susceptibility to audiogenic seizures? AB - The short-latency auditory-evoked response was recorded from adult (over 8 wk) and young (16-22 day) mice of the audiogenic seizure-prone DBA/2J (D2) and seizure-resistant C57BL/6J (C6) strains. An auditory complex made up of eleven peaks and troughs was found within the first 20 ms after click stimuli. The latencies of the potentials tended to be shorter in the C6 mice and in the adults of both strains. The ratio of amplitude differences of late to early peaks ('amplitude index') was much larger (P less than 0.01) in D2 mice. The data are consistent with greater neuronal recruitment to acoustic stimuli in the higher order auditory centers of D2 mice. PMID- 7284764 TI - Voltammetric recording from neostriatum of behaving rhesus monkey. PMID- 7284765 TI - The statistical significance of the peristimulus time histogram (PSTH). PMID- 7284766 TI - Calcium-dependent action potentials in mouse spinal cord neurons in cell culture. AB - Following blockade of membrane potassium conductance with tetraethylammonium ions or 3-aminopyridine, long-duration action potentials were recorded from mouse spinal cord neurons in primary dissociated cell culture. The action potentials were calcium-dependent since they: (1) were not blocked by the sodium-channel blocker tetrodotoxin, (2) could be recorded in sodium-free, calcium-containing medium (3) could not be evoked in sodium-containing, calcium-free medium, (4) were blocked by calcium channel blockers manganese and cobalt and (5) had overshoot amplitudes that varied linearly with the log of the extracellular calcium concentration (slope of 27.5 mV/decade change in calcium concentration). PMID- 7284767 TI - Reduction in calcium concentration induces exocytotic secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla in the absence of extracellular ions. AB - Cat adrenal glands were perfused with a NaCl-free medium where all NaCl had been replaced by isotonic sucrose. Exocytotic secretion of catecholamines was evoked by a simple reduction in the concentration of Ca in the medium. The response required extracellular Ca and was blocked by Ca channel blockers. The results suggest that in the absence of most ions, Ca reduction itself increases permeability of the plasma membrane to Ca, thereby evoking secretion. PMID- 7284769 TI - Afferent inhibition on various types of cats cuneate neurons induced by dynamic and steady tactile stimuli. AB - Afferent inhibition in several distinct types of cuneate neurons was studied using controlled natural stimuli in 35 lightly anesthetized cats. Mechanoreceptive cuneate neurons were recorded extracellularly with microelectrodes from the middle and caudal divisions of the main nucleus. They were classified into several modality subtypes based on their response to adequate mechanical stimuli. Emphasis was laid on the neurons which had their receptive fields (RFs) in the forepaw. Afferent inhibition was induced by conditioning tactile stimuli in 31 out of 168 neurons (18%) tested. There were particular combinations between the neuron types inhibited and conditioning stimulus modalities. Dynamic stimuli such as high frequency vibration and hair movement by air-jet stimuli applied to areas beyond the excitatory RFs induced inhibition on touch (T), hair (H) and slowly adapting pad (SA) units predominantly in the paw region. In contrast, steady pressure stimulation on the skin adjacent to the excitatory RFs induced inhibition in exclusively slowly adapting neurons receiving afferent inputs from hairy skin such as touch (T), joint (J) and subcutaneous (Deep) units in the paw, elbow and shoulder regions. Most of the inhibitory RFs were organized laterally or eccentrically rather than concentrically around the excitatory RF. Two J units were found to be inhibited by steady pressure applied to the shoulder region of the contralateral forelimb. Functional significance of the intramodality and cross modality inhibition of cuneate neurons is discussed. PMID- 7284768 TI - Divergent axon collaterals of rat locus coeruleus neurons: demonstration by a fluorescent double labeling technique. AB - The distribution of the noradrenaline-containing neurons of the rat locus coeruleus has been investigated with retrograde labeling techniques using two different fluorescent tracers. Injections were placed in the prefrontal cortex, the striatum, the thalamus, the hippocampus, the cerebellar cortex and the lumbar spinal cord. No evidence for locus coeruleus projections to the striatum was found. Injections in the cortex, thalamus and hippocampus revealed not only ipsilateral but also contralateral labeling of cells in the locus coeruleus. Following unilateral or bilateral homo- or heterotopic injections of the two tracers several cells of the locus coeruleus were double labeled. Combined injections of the two fluorophores in any of these forebrain areas and in the spinal cord also produced double labeled cells. The majority of double labeled cells was located in an area between the ventral and the dorsal parts of the locus coeruleus. These results indicate that individual neurons of the locus coeruleus have the possibility to influence adrenergic receptors at remote areas in the central nervous system. PMID- 7284770 TI - Augmentation of short-term plasticity in CA1 of rat hippocampus after chronic ethanol treatment. AB - The neurotoxic effects of chronic ethanol exposure were investigated in rat hippocampus by electrophysiological analysis of the Schaffer collateral commissural input to stratum radiatum of CA1. Experimental animals were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 20 weeks but were withdrawn from the special diet at least eight weeks prior to acute electrophysiological recordings. Ethanol treatment had no effect on input-output relationships for either the population EPSP or the population spike (PS). During paired-pulse stimulation, the ethanol group exhibited a greater facilitation of the test pulse PS relative to the control group, although potentiation of the EPSP was unchanged. In addition, the ethanol group showed a trend toward greater facilitation of the PS during 5 and 10 Hz tetani. No differences between groups were observed in the magnitude or duration of the long-term potentiation produced by 5, 10 or 100 Hz stimulus trains. Ethanol treatment did significantly reduce the transient spike depression after low frequency stimulation. This pattern of results is similar to that found for treatments which reduce hippocampal recurrent inhibition. Thus, chronic ethanol treatment may produce a lasting disruption of intrinsic inhibitory neurotransmission in the rat hippocampus. PMID- 7284771 TI - Calcium uptake and retention during long-term potentiation of neuronal activity in the rat hippocampal slice preparation. AB - Alterations in 45Ca uptake and retention as well as total intracellular calcium content were measured in hippocampal 'in vitro' slice preparations following the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 pyramidal neurones. The results indicate that tetanic stimulation of the Schaffer-commissural input produces a significant increase in the uptake and retention of calcium which parallels LTP of the CA1 population spike response. PMID- 7284772 TI - Dorsal root recurrent collaterals in young cats. PMID- 7284773 TI - Synaptic feedback onto photoreceptors in the ocellar retina. AB - Intracellular studies from photoreceptors and second order neurons in the dragonfly ocellar retina suggest that the hyperpolarizing OFF oscillation in the photoreceptor reflects synaptic feedback from second order neurons onto receptor terminals. The receptor OFF response was normally observed when recording more proximally, closer to the nuclear and synaptic region, but it was not seen when recording more distally, closer to the rhabdomeric end of the cell. Both the hyperpolarizing OFF response in the receptor and the depolarizing OFF response in the second order cell are apparently generated in the ocellar plexiform layer because they were not eliminated when the second order processes were isolated from the brain. In both intact and cut nerve preparations, the receptor OFF response was blocked by curare and enhanced by picrotoxin, the same drugs that were reported to selectively modify the response of the second order cell. In addition, a normal-appearing OFF response was recorded intracellularly from the dark-adapted photoreceptor in response to the application of brief hyperpolarizing current pulses to the ocellar nerve. These results support a model of sign-conserving feedback from second order neurons onto receptor terminals and are consistent with the hypothesis that the receptor transmitter may be acetylcholine and the feedback transmitter could be GABA. PMID- 7284774 TI - Bursts of miniature end-plate potentials can be released from localized regions of the frog motor nerve terminal. AB - We examined spontaneous transmitter release by simultaneously recording from end plates with both an intracellular electrode and a focal extracellular electrode. In normal Ringer's solution the focal releases appear to be a near random portion of the pooled output. But in elevated [Sr2+]out bursts of miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s.) occur, and these can be localized at a portion of the presynaptic terminal. The bursts are not artifacts caused by the focal recording technique. In some conditions, sections of the nerve terminal can exhibit an enhanced probability of quantal release that persists for seconds. We occasionally observe extracellular events that must be generated by m.e.p.p.s. in adjacent fibers. PMID- 7284775 TI - Synaptic organization of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the rabbit: lack of feed-forward inhibition. AB - The synaptic organization in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the albino rabbit was studied with an intracellular recording technique. A disynaptic IPSP from the cortex and a trisynaptic IPSP from the optic nerve could be recorded from both fast and slow relay cells. These IPSPs are most likely mediated by a common recurrent inhibitory pathway. No evidence for a feed-forward inhibitory pathway to the relay cells was obtained. PMID- 7284779 TI - Interactions between handling and acrylamide on the striatal dopamine receptor. AB - Rats were either handled for one week or were left undisturbed in their home cages. Twenty-four hours after exposure to 100 mg/kg acrylamide, rats were sacrificed and spiroperidol binding investigated in the striatum. In handling gentled rats, spiroperidol binding was reduced by acrylamide. In non-handled animals, no overall drug effects were seen, but the effect of acrylamide varied with the time of sacrifice. These results demonstrate the importance of environmental factors in the response to neurotoxicants. PMID- 7284776 TI - Modulation of transmission in forelimb flexion reflex pathways by elbow joint afferent discharge in decerebrate cats. AB - In intact forelimbs in decerebrate cats, flexion reflexes are most easily elicited when the elbow joint is extended and extension reflexes are most easily elicited when the elbow joint is flexed. Abolition of sensory discharge arising from the elbow joint by intra-articular injection of local anaesthetic eliminates this modulation of reflex excitability. We conclude that elbow joint afferent discharge modulates the transmission in flexion reflex pathways to forelimb motoneurones. PMID- 7284777 TI - Absence of high-frequency oscillations in the discharge of pneumotaxic neurons in intact, unanesthetized cats. AB - The discharge of neurons in the nucleus parabrachialis medialis (NPBM) was examined for the presence of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) by autocorrelation analysis. HFOs were not observed in NPBM activity during any sleep-waking state. In contrast, HFOs were found in the activity of medullary respiratory neurons. It is concluded that the NPBM is not the source of HFOs in the respiratory system. PMID- 7284778 TI - Bipiperidyl mustard produces brain lesions and obesity in the rat. AB - A single injection of N,N'-bis(beta-chloroethyl)-4,4'-bipiperidine (BPM) into 30 day old rats produced brain lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamus, the dorsal vagal complex (dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and nucleus of the solitary tract), and the medial septum. The brain lesions were associated with a chronic increase in the rate of body weight gain and the development of obesity. The lesions are similar to those seen in mice following BPM or gold thioglucose administration, however, the development of the obesity in the rat follows a more protracted time course. PMID- 7284780 TI - Changes in dopaminergic terminal excitability induced by amphetamine and haloperidol. PMID- 7284781 TI - Opiate antagonists: central sites of action in suppressing water intake of the rat. AB - The pure opiate antagonists, naloxone and naltrexone (0.1-10 mg/kg), dose dependently suppressed water intake of 24 h water-deprived rats upon subcutaneous administration; their quaternary derivatives, methyl-naloxone and methyl naltrexone, which are impermeable to the blood-brain barrier, failed to affect drinking. Upon intracerebroventricular administration, both quaternary analogs attenuated drinking at a dose of only 10 microgram. These results demonstrate that the antidipsogenic effects of opiate antagonists are primarily mediated at sites within the central nervous system. PMID- 7284782 TI - Resistance of quaking mouse CNS to triethyl tin edema. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of triethyl tin (TET) sulfate, 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight did not induce intramyelinic edema without altering water content in quaking mice while in C57BL/6J and littermate control mice, water content was increased and typical intramyelinic edema was induced following TET injection. Even among control mice, however, there were some strain differences in the histological severity of the edema, which were in precise agreement with the quantitative alterations in water content. These observations suggest that CNS myelin in quaking may differ qualitatively from that in controls and the mode of response to TET is under genetic control. PMID- 7284783 TI - Evidence for an interaction of opioid and noradrenergic locus coeruleus systems in the regulation of environmental stimulus-directed behavior. AB - The roles of opioid and noradrenergic (NE) dorsal bundle systems in an animal's response to particular environmental stimuli were examined in a multicompartment exploration chamber. The opiate antagonist naloxone (NAL) produced a stereo specific increase in environmental stimulus interaction, while the opiate agonist morphine induced a NAL-reversible reduction in stimulus contact. Thus, a specific opioid role in environmental stimulus-directed behavior is indicated. Several reports suggest inhibitory actions of opioids on NE locus coeruleus (LC) activity. Consistent with these reports, we observed that 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA) lesions of the NE dorsal bundles of the LC produced a morphine-like reduction in stimulus contact. Naloxone, which increased stimulus interaction in sham-lesioned rats, had no effect in dorsal bundle lesioned animals. These findings indicate an interaction between opioid and LC systems in the regulation of environmental stimulus-directed behavior. PMID- 7284784 TI - Comparison of radio-labeled butanol and iodoantipyrine as cerebral blood flow markers. AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) techniques based on the principle of indicator fractionation rely upon free diffusibility of the blood flow indicator into brain (i.e. complete cerebral extraction). Extraction of two commonly-used indicators, iodoantipyrine and n-butanol, was evaluated in rats by measuring torcular venous efflux after systemic injection of the indicator under conditions of normal and high CBF. The extraction of n-butanol was found to be virtually complete at all blood flows examined; iodoantipyrine, on the other hand, was completely extracted only at flows under 180 ml/100 g/min, despite the fact that the oil: water partition coefficient for iodoantipyrine exceeds that for n-butanol. Brain uptake indices for the two indicators were also measured: brain uptake of n-butanol was greater than that of iodoantipyrine, and the difference was more marked if the indicator entered brain mixed with blood than if it entered as a bloodless bolus. Blood components may thus interact with iodoantipyrine to retard its movement across the blood-brain barrier and thereby limit extraction of this lipid-soluble substance. Inasmuch as iodoantipyrine is diffusion-limited at blood flows above 180 ml/100 g/min, butanol is a more accurate CBF indicator above the normal flow range in the rat. PMID- 7284785 TI - Development of intrinsic burst generation in identified neuron R15 of Aplysia. AB - The development of endogenous bursting pattern of identified neuron R15 of Aplysia was studied, in animals ranging from juveniles weighing 27 mg to adult animals weighing 350 g. In the youngest animals studied, R15 only fires irregularly, somewhat later it begins firing in brief bursts, and only in early adulthood does its characteristic burst firing pattern. PMID- 7284786 TI - Phasic influences during REM sleep upon dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus unit activity in the rat. AB - The single unit activity of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus cells was recorded in freely moving, unanesthetized albino rats and studied in relation to the sleep wake cycle and the occurrence of REM sleep ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves. Spontaneous mean discharge rates are shown to be significantly related to sleep wake stages, and 70 percent of the units demonstrate a temporal relationship with hindbrain PGO waves. These data are consistent with the existence of a phasic event system in the rat. PMID- 7284787 TI - Interaction between forced grasping and a learned precision grip after ablation of the supplementary motor area. AB - Monkeys were trained to compress and release a force transducer held between the thumb and forefinger. Immediately following ablation of the contralateral supplementary motor area a grasp reflex produced a disturbance of the learned precision grip characterized by an increase in mean grasping force, an increase in the rate of prehensile force application and the inability to release the strain gauge. No change was observed in the same learned grip with the ipsilateral hand. PMID- 7284788 TI - Effects of anisatin on the GABA action in the crayfish neuromuscular junction. AB - Anisatin depressed the conductance increase produced by GABA in a non-competitive manner and decreased the amplitude of the inhibitory junctional potentials. The presynaptic inhibition was depressed by anisatin in the similar concentrations to those of picrotoxin. The blockade of the presynaptic inhibition by anisatin was irreversible, whereas the effect of anisatin on postsynaptic inhibition subsided after prolonged washing of the preparation. PMID- 7284789 TI - Selective association of embryonic murine mesencephalic dopamine neurons in vitro. PMID- 7284790 TI - Cycloheximide activation of the lordotic response in low-dose, estrogen-treated ovariectomized rats: evidence for modulating inhibitory influences of the limbic system on sexual behavior. AB - This study tested the effect on intracranially injected cycloheximide (CHX), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, on facilitation of sexual receptivity in ovariectomized rats. The rats received 0.5 microgram estradiol benzoate (EB), s.c. once daily on days 8 through 12 after ovariectomy (OVX). Either CHX (in 0.5 microliter saline) or 0.5 microliter saline was injected into the lateral septum (LS), cortical nucleus (ACO) or medial nucleus of the amygdala or medial preoptic area on day 11 after OVX. The dose of EB was insufficient to facilitate lordotic behavior on day 10 or day 12 after OVX unless CHX was injected into the LS or ACO. Injection of saline did not influence lordosis. PMID- 7284791 TI - Androgen increases protein synthesis within the avian brain vocal control system. AB - Amino acid autoradiography combined with hormonal manipulation shows that increased rates of protein synthesis in the brain vocal control areas precede the induction of song by androgen in female song birds. These biochemical and behavioral responses are androgen specific. The method also reveals that the vocal control as well as some other brain areas maintain higher rates of protein synthesis than does the surrounding tissue without exogenous androgen. PMID- 7284792 TI - The relationship of glucose utilization and morphological change in the visual system in hexacarbon neuropathy. AB - A reduction in local glucose utilization occurs in the superficial layer of the superior colliculus of rats following exposure to 0.5% 2,5-hexanedione in drinking water for 3 weeks. Axonal pathology, with increased neurofilaments and swelling, is seen at about 5 weeks in the distal portions of the optic pathways to the superior colliculus. These lesions in the optic system occur earlier and are more marked than those in the peripheral nerves and dorsal columns. The results suggest that the functional abnormality, as implied by the decreased glucose utilization, precedes the morphological changes in hexacarbon neuropathy. PMID- 7284793 TI - Specific neurons in chick central nervous system stain with an antibody against chick intestinal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein. AB - A specific antiserum against intestinal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP) was used for a systematic immunohistochemical evaluation of immunoreactive sites in the central nervous system of chick. CaBP was observed in the perikarya, dendrites and axons of a specific population of neurons. It is concluded that CaBP represents a marker for selected neurons in the central nervous system of chick. PMID- 7284794 TI - Projections from areas 17 and 18 of the visual cortex to the nucleus of the optic tract. AB - The corticofugal pathway to the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) in the cat was studied with visual and electrical stimulation in two experimental series. In 10 experiments cells in the NOT were identified, and orthodromic responses evoked by single electric shocks applied through microelectrodes situated at different loci in areas 17 and 18. All but 2 units gave clear responses to shocks applied to either cortical electrode. The mean of response latencies was calculated to be 3.29 ms for area 17 stimulation and 3.04 ms for area 18 stimulation. In 8 further experiments the stimulation and recording sites were reversed; i.e. single shocks through microelectrodes in the NOT were used to elicit antidromic discharges in areas 17 and 18. A third microelectrode was placed in the superior colliculus (SC) at a position in retinotopic register with the units recorded at the NOT stimulation site. Out of 231 cortical units tested, 42 (17%) gave an antidromic response to NOT and/or SC shock. Seventeen units responded both to NOT and SC stimulation, 18 to NOT alone, and 7 to SC alone. The response latencies after NOT shock (mean 2.8 ms +/- 1.5 S.D.) did not differ significantly from those to SC shock (2.9 ms +/- 1.5 S.D.). All cortical cells activated antidromically from NOT and/or SC were located in layer V of areas 17 and 18. These units showed the following response characteristics: they responded well to conventional light bars as well as to large area random dot patterns; they were binocular and showed direction tuning; as compared to NOT cells they were more sharply tuned for stimulus velocity preferring faster movements. The present findings suggest a convergent projection to the NOT from the same type of cortical cells that project to the superior colliculus. PMID- 7284795 TI - Modification of motor neuron size and position in the central nervous system of adult snapping shrimps. AB - Cell bodies of claw closer motor neurons in snapping shrimp are dimorphic. Snapper claw motor neurons are larger than corresponding pincer claw motor neurons, but the relative sizes of these cells are reversed during claw transformation. An additional neuronal modification occurs early within this period, in that the pincer claw dorsal inhibitor cell body migrates within the nervous system, from a dorsal to a ventral position. These findings are evidence of rapid, reversible changes in the nervous system following the trigger for the transformation process. PMID- 7284796 TI - Establishment of normal synaptic density in deafferented olfactory cortex. AB - The piriform cortex has been examined in rats following neonatal deafferentation produced by olfactory bulb removal. The denervated molecular layer of the piriform cortex grows to nearly its full adult thickness and the removal olfactory bulb axons are replaced by intracortical axons. The synaptic density of the molecular layer following this rearrangement is the same as that in the normal cortex. PMID- 7284797 TI - Functional reorganization of adult raccoon somatosensory cerebral cortex following neonatal digit amputation. AB - Amputation of a forepaw digit in raccoons 2-8 weeks of age produced dramatic changes in the functional organization of somatosensory cortex examined electrophysiologically 9-12 months later. The cortical region normally representing the digit that was amputated received widely overlapping input from the entire forepaw, with local disruption of somatotopic organization. Compared with normal animals, the receptive fields of cortical neurons in amputated animals were larger, often included both glabrous and hairy skin, sometimes involved discontinuous skin regions, and were much more variable in peripheral location as a function of recording distance across the cortex and of depth within the cortex. PMID- 7284798 TI - Sympathetic influence on transport functions in the choroid plexus of rabbit and rat. AB - In vitro uptake of an organic base (choline) and an organic acid (p-aminohippuric acid; PAH), both radiolabelled, was measured in isolated choroid plexus of rat and rabbit, and expressed as tissue/medium ratios. A significant increase in the tissue accumulation of choline was seen in denervated rabbit choroid plexus 1 week following unilateral cervical sympathectomy. The accumulation of PAH was not affected. The uptake of both test substances was significantly reduced after sympathetic denervation of the rat choroid plexus. The results agree with the local sympathetic inhibition of cerebrospinal fluid production in rabbit (corresponding studies on rat have not been performed), and favour the assumption that the adrenergic nerves in the choroid plexus mediate direct effects on the plexus epithelium. PMID- 7284799 TI - Use of sucrose gap for recording postsynaptic population potentials evoked by single interneurones in spinal motoneurones. PMID- 7284801 TI - Independence of skeletomotor and fusimotor activity in man? AB - The activity of human muscle spindle afferents from finger extensor muscles has been studied during voluntary movements in a visual tracking paradigm. With an elastic load the spindle discharge rate was disproportionately high when the opposing force was close to zero, suggesting that the fusimotor drive was high when the direct afferent information about the size of the load that the subject had to handle was poor. PMID- 7284800 TI - An intracellular study of Renshaw cells. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from Renshaw cells in the cat. Recurrent excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were elicited by antidromic stimulation of the ventral roots. These EPSPs had a simple monophasic time course without a spike-like peak reported by previous authors. No hyperpolarization could be detected following averaged EPSPs. However, after bursts of impulses an afterhyperpolarization could be detected which probably contributes to a pause in firing after the initial response. Depolarizing current pulses elicited a burst of impulses similar in pattern to the initial response to stimulation of the ventral roots. PMID- 7284802 TI - Planar curve analysis of three-channel auditory brain stem response: a preliminary report. AB - Recording of auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) were made in guinea pigs by means of far-field computer averaging from three orthogonal electrode pairs. The 'Y' locations were mouth and nuchal ridge, 'X' locations left and right mastoids, and 'Z' locations vertex and throat. Three-dimensional models were constructed to plot simultaneous points from the three averages in a voltage-voltage-voltage space. In all five animals tested, at least three subsets of sequential data points lie in separate planes. The data points in each plane roughly correspond to waves I to III in the guinea pig ABR as recorded from the vertex-throat electrode pair. The planarity of data points is a new observation and is not predicted from the single-channel recordings. Three-dimensional planes are also found by means of vectorcardiography, which suggests some underlying principle, such as synchrony and homogeneity of anatomical position of the generators. Planar analysis of ABRs may be useful in analyzing and utilizing the additional information obtainable from 'non-standard' electrode pairs. PMID- 7284803 TI - A multiaction synapse evoking both EPSPs and enhancement of endogenous bursting. AB - Selective stimulation of two identified input neurons called the 'IV neurons' has a dual influence on the endogenous bursting activity of certain 'PD' motorneurons in the stomatogastric ganglion of the spiny lobster. The effects include: (i) large, conventional and apparently monosynaptic EPSPs; and (ii) enhancement of the endogenous bursting of the pyloric dilator (PD) cells, seen as an increased amplitude of PD oscillations and a higher spiking rate during bursts. The burst enhancement decayed relatively slowly after stimulation ceased, over seconds or tens-of-seconds, depending on stimulus parameters. Modification of the voltage dependent membrane properties of the PD cells appeared to underlie this effect. The dual-action nature of the IV-to-PD connection was confirmed by selectively blocking the brief EPSP component with 5 x 10(-4) M curare, under which conditions the burst enhancement still persisted. Data from low-Ca2+ experiments were consistent with a conventional mode of synaptic transmitter release underlying the burst enhancement. Enhancement was found to differ significantly from actions of injected current. The IV inputs appear to act on at least two types of synaptic receptors on PD neurons: a curare-sensitive receptor for the brief conventional EPSP, and a curare-resistant receptor for burst enhancement. Analogies may be drawn to the nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors of vertebrates. These findings may be considered within the contexts of multiaction synapses, modification of cellular properties, and mechanisms for the CNS activation of motor pattern generators. PMID- 7284804 TI - Specific cerebrovascular localization of glutamate decarboxylase activity. AB - Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity and GABA levels, determined with a [3H]muscimol radioreceptor assay, were found to be significantly higher in cerebral blood vessels from the piaarachnoid membrane as compared to extracranial vessels (aorta, mesenteric and femoral arteries, and vena cava). A cerebrovascular localization for GABA and GAD is consistent with earlier studies suggesting that an indigenous GABA system is involved in cerebral vascular function. PMID- 7284805 TI - Twenty-four hour rhythm in monoamine oxidase activity in specific areas of the rat brain stem. AB - Diurnal variations in activities of both type A and type B monoamine oxidase (MAO) in specific areas of the brain stem were investigated in male rats maintained on a 12 h light-12 h dark schedule (06.00 to 18.00 h light). A significant diurnal variation in the activity of both type A and type B MAO was observed in the areas A1, A2 and in the locus coeruleus, but not in the cerebellar cortex. For both type A and type B MAO lowest activities were found during the morning, while highest activities occurred in the late afternoon and the beginning of the night. These results may reflect a role of MAO in the circadian variation of the concentrations of catecholamines in the brain stem. PMID- 7284806 TI - Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in human cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7284807 TI - Sex differences in drug-induced rotation in two strains of rats. AB - Female Fischer and Sprague-Dawley rats rotate significantly more in response to D amphetamine sulfate (1 mg/kg, i.p.) than their male littermates. Although Sprague Dawley males rotate more than females when injected with apomorphine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, i.p.), Fischer males and females respond similarly to this drug. The sexually dimorphic behavioral response to amphetamine appears to be due to differences in brain sensitivity to this drug, and may relate to reports of sex-related differences in nigrostriatal dopaminergic activity. PMID- 7284808 TI - Contrast sensitivity of neurons in pigeon optic tectum. AB - An analysis of contrast sensitivity of neurons in the optic tectum of intact and wulst-ablated pigeons was carried out using moving light bars. (1) Changes of contrast from 0.1% to 89%, obtained with different bar luminances, induced increases of response amplitude linearly related to log contrast. (2) The units differed in their contrast threshold but 90.7% had a contrast threshold below 2.5%. (3) Both contrast threshold and threshold-saturation range values were independent of the location of the units in the tectal layers. (4) Contrast threshold remarkably increased on passing from low photopic to scotopic adaptation levels. (5) The relationship between unit responses and contrast values, as well as the contrast threshold value, did not differ between intact and wulst-ablated animals. PMID- 7284809 TI - Effect of adrenaline synthesis inhibition on brain noradrenaline neurons in locus coeruleus. AB - The functional significance of the morphologically identified adrenaline (A) mediated input to the noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) was pharmacologically analyzed. By means of single unit recording techniques the LC neurons in the rat brain were studied following administration of SK&F 64139 and DCMB, drugs which are both potent inhibitors of the A-forming enzyme phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT). SK&F 64139 (1-200 mg/kg i.v.) caused an immediate, dose-dependent and long-lasting increase in firing rate of the LC neurons. The dose-response curve for the LC inhibitory effect of the alpha 2-receptor agonist clonidine was shifted in parallel to the right by pretreatment with SK&F 64139. All the above mentioned effects of SK&F 64139 were mimicked by SK&F 72223, a structurally analogous compound which is reported to lack PNMT inhibitory activity. Consequently, the activation of LC neurons by SK&F 64139 is probably not related to its capacity to inhibit the synthesis of A but rather to some other action of the drug, such as an alpha 2-receptor blocking effect. In contrast to SK&F 64139, the other PNMT inhibitor tested, DCMB (1-60 mg/kg), produced no significant activation of the LC neurons and but little clonidine antagonistic action. Thus, judging from these experiments, DCMB is devoid of significant alpha 2-receptor blocking properties. At the time for maximal brain A depletion after DCMB administration (4-6 h) the average firing rate of randomly encountered LC neurons was unaltered when compared with controls. In contrast, pretreatment with the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methylester, which causes depletion also of brain noradrenaline, significantly increased LC neuronal firing rates. These data indicate that if there exists a physiologically relevant A-mediated input to the LC, this is not of critical importance for the tonic activity of the LC neurons. PMID- 7284811 TI - Voltammetry in the striatum of chronic freely moving rats: detection of catechols and ascorbic acid. AB - Differential pulse voltammetry used in combination with an electrochemically treated carbon fiber electrode allowed to detect ascorbic acid (AA) and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the striatum of unanaesthetized freely moving rats. Carbon fiber electrodes were implanted under light halothane anaesthesia. When the rat recovered from anaesthesia, voltammograms were recorded every 2.5 min for about 5 h. During the last 3 h the signals corresponding to AA and DOPAC appeared stable and reproducible, allowing comparisons between control and pharmacological experiments. After the in vivo experiments, the electrodes were calibrated in AA and DOPAC solutions. Striatal AA and DOPAC levels were thus estimated to be 306 and 17.7 microM respectively. DOPAC signals were increased by haloperidol and chloral hydrate, decreased by amphetamine and suppressed by pargyline. In pargyline pretreated rats the catechol signal slightly re-appeared after amphetamine injections. This signal was attributed to dopamine (DA) and estimated to a concentration less than 50 nM DA. The AA current recorded in the striatum was not modified when dopaminergic terminals selectively degenerated. The AA signal was decreased by chloral hydrate or halothane anaesthesia and increased by amphetamine injections. This latter effect depended on the presence of dopaminergic terminals. This shows that the increasing current effect of amphetamine, previously observed by non-selective techniques, should be attributed to AA rather than DA. These results confirm that the catechol compound electrochemically detected in the striatum is the direct metabolite of the DA, i.e. DOPAC, and support the thesis of a functional relationship between AA levels and dopaminergic neurotransmission. PMID- 7284810 TI - Quantitative measurement of local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose utilizing tritiated 2-deoxyglucose. AB - The [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) technique has been widely utilized for quantitative measurement of local cerebral metabolic for glucose (1CMRG) in animals. The technique as presently used is limited by the energy of 14C beta particles, which can travel relatively great distances in tissue. This results in limited audioradiographic resolution and in computed 14C concentrations which are a function of tissue section thickness. [3H]2-DG has less energetic beta particles; hence, autoradiographs have better resolution and optical densities are independent of tissue thickness for sections greater than 5 micrometer. We have developed a method for quantitation of 1CMRG in rats using [3H]2-DG and a newly developed ultrasensitive X-ray film. Autoradiographic tissue standards were prepared by injecting rats with [3H]2-DG and assaying micro-samples of brain for 3H concentration. Ten rats were used in this study. Five rats received [3H]2-DG (300 muCi/100 g) and 5 rats received [14C]2-DG (7.5 muCi/100 g). The mean 1CMRG values for selected areas of the central nervous system demonstrated no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) between the [14C]2-DG and the [3H]2 DG groups. Values for 1CMRG from the [3H]2-DG group showed no variation attributable to inadequate microtome precision. The improved resolution obtained by utilizing [3H]2-DG is especially evident where gray matter (high 1CMRG) is immediately adjacent to white matter (low 1CMRG). PMID- 7284812 TI - Properties of secondary vestibular neurons fired by stimulation of ampullary nerve of the vertical, anterior or posterior, semicircular canals in the cat. AB - Experiments on cats were performed to study the pathway and location of the secondary vestibulo-ocular neurons in response to stimulation of the ampullary nerves of the vertical, anterior or posterior, semicircular canals. Experiments on the medial longitudinal fasciculus transection disclosed that vertical canal evoked, disynaptic excitation and inhibition were transmitted to the extraocular motoneurons through the contra- and ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus respectively. Secondary vestibular neurons, which receive input from the ampullary nerve of the vertical semicircular canals and send their axons to contralateral medial longitudinal fasciculus, were intermingled in the rostral half of the descending and lateral part of the medial vestibular nuclei. A direct excitatory connection of some of these neurons to the target extraocular motoneurons was confirmed by means of a spike-triggered signal averaging technique. It was also found that neurons activated by antidromic stimulation of ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus were located in the superior vestibular nucleus, some of which made direct inhibitory connections to the target extraocular motoneurons. Both excitatory and inhibitory vestibuloocular neurons made synaptic contact in about half of the impaled target motoneurons. PMID- 7284813 TI - The effects of environmental lighting on the daily melatonin rhythm in primate cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The effects of alterations in environmental lighting on the daily rhythm in cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of melatonin were studied in the rhesus monkey. It was found that acute exposure to darkness during the day did not markedly increase normally low daytime CSF melatonin levels, that light suppressed the normally high CSF melatonin values at night, and that 12-h phase shifts in the diurnal lighting cycle caused 12-h phase shifts in the rhythm. The daily rhythm persisted for 6.5 days of study in constant darkness and the phase of the rhythm was not affected in constant darkness by a 12-h phase shift in the daily delivery of food and daily care of the animals. These results support the notion that the melatonin rhythm in this primate species is endogenous in nature, and that light can act to both coordinate the rhythm to the 24-h day and to acutely suppress melatonin production. PMID- 7284814 TI - A qualitative comparison of the glucocorticoid receptor in cytosol from human brain and rat brain. AB - The glucocorticoid receptor in cytosol from human brain was studied using isoelectric focussing in slabs of polyacrylamide gel. [3H]Dexamethasone was used as tracer for receptor analysis. The glucocorticoid receptor from human brain was compared to the glucocorticoid receptor in rat brain. A similar peak of radioactivity with a pI of about 6.1 was obtained by isoelectric focussing of cytosol from both human brain and rat brain. The trypsin-induced fragmentation patterns of the glucocorticoid receptor from human brain and rat brain were very similar when analyzed by isoelectric focussing. The hormone specificity of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain and in rat brain cytosol was compared by competition experiments using unlabelled dexamethasone, betamethasone, cortisol and corticosterone as competitors. No difference between human brain and rat brain cytosol was detected. It is concluded that the hormone specificity and the protein structure of the glucocorticoid receptors in human brain and in rat brain are similar. PMID- 7284815 TI - Opiate antagonism of glycine-evoked membrane polarizations in cultured mouse spinal cord neurons. AB - The effect of several opiate receptor agonists on the responses of spinal cord neurons to putative inhibitory and excitatory amino acids was studied using an in vitro model system, cultured fetal mouse spinal cord neurons, and bath application of opiates. Intracellular recordings were made from the cultured neurons with conventional voltage recording techniques or under voltage clamp conditions. The putative amino acid neurotransmitters were applied by iontophoresis or micropressure ejection. Our main finding is that the opiate agonists, morphine and levorphanol (5-100 microM), consistently depressed the responses evoked by the putative inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters glycine and beta-alanine but not GABA. Dextrorphan, the inactive isomer of levorphanol, also depressed the glycine and beta-alanine responses, but higher concentrations were required. The excitatory glutamate response was unaltered by these opiates. Leucine enkephalin, an opioid peptide, had no effect on the amino acid responses in the neurons where it was also tested. The opiate antagonist naloxone (10-100 microM) did not reverse the morphine or levorphanol depressions of the amino acid responses making it unlikely that opiate receptors mediate this effect. Strychnine was considerably more effective than morphine as a glycine antagonist, producing depressions at nM concentrations compared to the microM concentrations required for morphine. Preliminary studies indicate that both morphine and strychnine act in a non-competitive manner. However, additional studies will be required before the sites of action for these agents can be identified. The possible pharmacological or toxicological significance of the present work remains to be determined. Considering the high doses of opiates (microM concentrations) required to depress the glycine and beta-alanine responses, it is unlikely that this action is relevant to normal therapeutic situations. However, such concentrations of opiates are often utilized in pharmacological studies and may be achieved when opiates are applied by iontophoresis. Our data indicate that consideration of the present opiate action should be made when microM concentrations or iontophoretic application of opiates are used for pharmacological studies of CNS tissue. PMID- 7284817 TI - Ultrastructural morphology of axon terminals of an inhibitory spinal interneurone in the cat. AB - Axon collateral terminals of an interneurone mediating Ia reciprocal inhibition of spinal a-motoneurones have been ultrastructurally investigated after intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase. The size of bouton profiles, the size and shape of synaptic vesicles and the characteristics of synaptic contacts were analyzed in 38 terminals. The morphology of the terminals was compared with the morphology of previously investigated terminals of excitatory spinocervical tract cells. The flatness of synaptic vesicles was only marginally greater in the terminals of the inhibitory interneurone. PMID- 7284816 TI - Hypoalgesia induced by blockade of noradrenergic projections to the raphe magnus: reversal by blockade of noradrenergic projections to the spinal cord. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that microinjection of noradrenergic (NA) antagonists such as phentolamine in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) produces hypoalgesia. This hypoalgesia appears to result from disinhibition of raphe spinal serotonergic neurons since it is blocked by intrathecally injected methysergide. The present studies demonstrate that the hypoalgesia produced by microinjection of phentolamine in the NRM is also abolished by intrathecal administration of phentolamine. The results suggest that the hypoalgesia produced by microinjection of NA antagonists in the NRM is also mediated, at least in part, by the activation of spinally projecting NA neurons. Such hypoalgesia does not appear to be mediated by activation of enkephalinergic neurons since intrathecal injection of the opiate antagonist naloxone did not attenuate the hypoalgesia. PMID- 7284818 TI - Development of spontaneous activity in the olfactory bulb neurons of postnatal rat. PMID- 7284819 TI - Coupling between chorda tympani nerve fibres in the cat. AB - Evidence for coupling between a small proportion of chorda tympani nerve fibres has been obtained in cats. Single chorda tympani fibres from which a response was recorded following electrical stimulation of another chorda tympani fibre were taken as being coupled to that fibre. The coupled fibres were associated with between 1 and 4 fungiform papillae on the tongue and they showed responses to gustatory, mechanical and electrical stimulation of those papillae. PMID- 7284820 TI - Shape of frequency-current curves in CAI pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. AB - Frequency-current curves for CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons are shown to have basically the same shape as those for spinal motoneurones, with a region of shallow slope at low frequencies, preceding a sleep linear or upward convex region at higher frequencies. The frequency range is, however, displaced towards lower frequencies. The results suggest, in a qualitative sense, that the firing behaviour of CA1 pyramidal cells is regulated by the afterhyperpolarization, at least in the low frequency range. PMID- 7284822 TI - Maturation of cortical control over superior colliculus cells in cat. AB - The specialized receptive field properties of superior colliculus cells are believed to be dependent upon cortical influences. Yet despite a corticotectal projection near the time of birth and adult-like cortical cells at the beginning of the second week of life, specialized properties do not appear in many superior colliculus cells until quite late in postnatal development. We now report that this apparent conflict is due to the protracted functional maturation of the corticotectal system. PMID- 7284823 TI - Axotomy-induced changes in cell structure and membrane excitability are sustained in a vertebrate central neuron. AB - The retrograde reactions of the goldfish Mauthner neuron to axotomy 8-10 mm caudal to its soma are detectable within a few weeks and persist for more than 200 days. Morphological changes include chromatolysis, reflecting a redistribution of cytoplasmic ribosomes, and infolding of the nuclear membrane. At the time, the normally inexcitable soma-dendritic membrane becomes capable of impulse initiation; this induced excitability also persists for at least 200 days. PMID- 7284824 TI - Differential effects of DL-propranolol on norepinephrine in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. AB - Acute administration of DL-propranolol (5 mg/kg, subcutaneous) to cats caused a significant increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) norepinephrine and a significant decrease in plasma norepinephrine. This increase in CSF norepinephrine is probably due to a reflex increase in central noradrenergic firing after beta blockade. The decrease in plasma norepinephrine reflects decreased sympathetic outflow. These results are consistent with the centrally mediated hypotensive effects of the drug. PMID- 7284821 TI - Intracellular recordings from crustacean motor axons during presynaptic inhibition. AB - Action potentials intracellularly recorded from near the nerve terminals of the opener excitor motor axon in crayfish are reduced in amplitude during presynaptic inhibition. The amplitude and sign (hyperpolarizing or depolarizing) of presynaptic inhibitor potentials (PIPs) depends upon the relationship between the resting membrane potential of each excitor axon and its PIP equilibrium potential (which equals the equilibrium potential for gamma-aminobutyric acid). PMID- 7284825 TI - Connections of the subthalamic nucleus in the monkey. AB - Attempts were made to determine the afferent and efferent connections of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in the monkey using retrograde and anterograde axoplasmic transport technics. Following HRP injections limited to the STN, label was transported to arrays of cells adjacent, and parallel, to the lateral medullary lamina in the rostral two thirds of the lateral pallidal segment (LPS). Only sparse label was transported to cells of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) and the locus ceruleus (LC). No enzyme was transported across the midline, or to the striatum, medial pallidal segment (MPS), thalamus, substantia nigra (SN) or dorsal nucleus of the raphe (DNR). HRP injected into portions of both the STN and SN produced retrograde transport of the enzyme to cells in parallel arrays in the LPS related rostrocaudally to the injection site. Additional enzyme transport was seen in cells of the striatum, the DNR and the PPN. Only a few isolated cells were labeled in the sensorimotor cortex. Efferent connections of the STN were studied in monkeys in which [3H]amino acids were injected hydraulically or iontophoretically into the STN. Isotope traced in serial autoradiographs was distributed to: (1) both segments of the globus pallidus (GP) in arrays parallel to the medullary laminae, and (2) the pars reticulata of SN (SNpr). The greatest number of terminals was found in the MPS. Fibers from the rostral part of the STN descended along the dorsal border of the SN and projected ventrally to terminations in the SNpr. No isotope was transported across the midline, or to the striatum, thalamus, DNR or PPN. Isotope injected into both the STN and SN produced similar transport to the GP and transport via nigral efferent fibers to: (1) portions of the striatum, (2) specific thalamic nuclei (VAmc, VLm, DMpl), (3) deep and middle gray layers of the superior colliculus and (4) PPN. Control studies indicated that [3H]amino acids injected only into the SN were transported to PPN. HRP injected into PPN produced profuse retrograde transport in cells of the MPS and SNpr and distinct label in a few cells of the zona incerta and STN. These data suggest that the STN receives its major subcortical input from cell of the LPS arranged in arrays which have a rostrocaudal organization. No cells of the MPS or SN project to the STN. The output of the STN is to both segments of the GP and SNpr. Major subcortical projections to PPN arise from the MPS and SNpr, but afferents also arise from other sources. The major projection of PPN is to SN. PMID- 7284827 TI - Increased glutamate decarboxylase activity in the red nucleus of the adult cat after cerebellar lesions. AB - Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)activity, a marker for GABAergic structures, was studied in the cat red nucleus. GAD is more concentrated in the rostral than in the caudal third of the structure. GAD levels were measured after chronic unilateral lesions of the cerebellum. Destruction of the dentate area and of the nucleus interpositus induced increases of GAD in the contralateral but not in the ipsilateral red nucleus. Similar changes also occurred in the denervated nucleus ventralis lateralis (VL) and nucleus ventralis anterior (VA) of the thalamus. Results show that loss of the excitatory cerebellar input could lead to changes in inhibitory GABAergic nerve terminals. This increase may be induced transsynaptically within existing neurons or, more likely, additional GAD containing nerve terminals may be formed by axonal sprouting. PMID- 7284826 TI - Glial-released proteins: II. Two-dimensional electrophoretic identification of proteins regulated by hydrocortisone. AB - The proteins released into the culture medium (CM) by confluent C6 glioma cell monolayers were analyzed by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D SDS-PAGE). These cells synthesize and release a complex set of proteins which can be resolved on the basis of molecular charge and size. Over 400 spots on fluorograms corresponding to radio-labeled glial-released protein (GRP) were detected and classified according to their positions in 2-D gels. The marked species charge heterogeneity of the 2-D pattern was used as a criterion to assign the majority of GRP components to "series'. Series are composed of families of related proteins or glycoproteins distributed in a line of evenly spaced members in the isoelectric focusing dimension. Long-term exposure of monolayers to 2 microM hydrocortisone influenced the accumulation in the culture medium of half of the classified GRP species. Five classes of GRP were identified based on their steroid-responsiveness as seen in the deviation of GRP radiolabel ratios from control and hormone-treated culture CM. Hormonal response, verified by reverse-label experiments, showed a number of GRP in CM are either consistently increased 1- to 7- fold (Classes I and II) or decreased 1- to 3-fold (Classes IV and V). The remaining GRP (Class III) included those proteins which were found to be uninfluenced or to change in a week or inconsistent manner. Some GRP series were coordinately induced while other series gave graded responses. These results represent the first high-resolution classification of GRP by physical and biological properties. PMID- 7284828 TI - Morphological identification of brain stem neurones associated with predatory behaviour elicited by lateral hypothalamic electrical stimulation in the cat: a retrograde transport study using horseradish peroxidase subsequent to an electrolytic lesion. AB - The combination of electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus to elicit predatory behaviour, an electrolytic lesion and a subsequent HRP injection was used to identify brain stem neurones whose axons were affected by such hypothalamic stimulation. In contrast, the injection of HRP into such hypothalamic sites, without a prior lesion, resulted in a significant reduction in the number of labelled neurones. This suggests that an important contribution, namely those neurones which give rise to fibres which pass through the stimulated region, is underestimated by the later procedure. PMID- 7284829 TI - Evidence for two distinct classes of unmyelinated nociceptive afferents in monkey. AB - Unmyelinated nociceptive afferents, responsive to intense mechanical and heat stimuli, exhibited either a quickly adapting or slowly adapting response to step increases in skin temperature. These two classes of C fibers were found to differ also in other properties. The quickly adapting C fibers had significantly lower thresholds to mechanical and heat stimuli, and smaller receptive field areas than the slowly adapting C fibers. PMID- 7284833 TI - Sprouting of dorsal root axons. AB - Sprouting of axons may be an important component in whatever restoration of neural tissue occurs following injury. A classic paradigm used to demonstrate sprouting is the spared dorsal root preparation. The present study determines the number of axons in the spared root, the cranial root and the caudal root as compared to their normal mates on the unoperated side of the spinal cord. The data confirm that sprouting occurs and the unmyelinated axons are the sprouting population in the dorsal root. The quantification of sprouting provides an opportunity to get a precise estimate of the parameters of sprouting and the hope is that this increased precision will lead to insights into functional changes that result from axonal sprouting. PMID- 7284831 TI - Intracortical evoked potentials of cats elicited by punctate visual stimuli in receptive field peripheries. AB - Intracortical visual evoked potentials, related to stimulus eccentricity from receptive field center, were investigated as a possible measure of interaction among adjacent populations of cortical neurons. Displacement of the stimuli from field center resulted in (1) a progressive decline in amplitude of the primary potential and (2) an enhancement or development of longer latency (60-100 ms) 'secondary' potentials often not apparent with field center stimulation. PMID- 7284832 TI - Lingually induced inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in hypoglossal motoneurons after axotomy. AB - Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) produced in axotomized hypoglossal motoneurons by stimulation of the lingual nerve were explored in cats. In the ipsilateral lingual afferent synapses, the effectiveness of inhibitory synapses for the long-lasting IPSP was diminished in axotomized hypoglossal motoneurons earlier after transection of the hypoglossal nerves, than the effectiveness of inhibitory synapses for the short-lasting IPSP. PMID- 7284830 TI - Morphologic and autoradiographic evidence for a laminated pretectal olivary nucleus in the squirrel monkey. AB - The pretectal olivary nucleus of the squirrel monkey was examined in both normal and autoradiographic material. In the Nissl- and fiber-stained tissue the nucleus appears as a laminated structure. The distribution of retinal terminals within the nucleus was examined by the autoradiographic tracing method. These data reveal denser projection to the contralateral pretectal olivary nucleus. When comparing the distribution of the silver grains bilaterally, the pattern of transported label appears to be partially nonoverlapping. PMID- 7284834 TI - Central and peripheral contributions to hypothalamic epinephrine. AB - Hypothalamic epinephrine concentrations were examined following adrenal demedullation or after surgical hemisection of ascending projections to the hypothalamus. Following surgical transection epinephrine in the ipsilateral hypothalamus was depleted by approximately 60%. Adrenal demedullation had no effect on hypothalamic epinephrine concentrations. It was concluded that hypothalamic epinephrine was central in origin. PMID- 7284835 TI - Behavioural effects of GABA-agonists and antagonists infused in the mesencephalic reticular formation - deep layers of superior colliculus. AB - Unilateral infusion of GABA-receptor antagonists (picrotoxin, bicuculline) in the mesencephalic reticular formation-deep layers of the superior colliculus (MRF DLSC) elicits tight head-to-tail contralateral posturing but not active circling. Bilateral infusion of the GABA antagonists in the MRF-DLSC elicits compulsive gnawing and biting but not licking or sniffing. Infusion of GABA-receptor agonists (muscimol, THIP) in the MRF-DLSC while producing only minor or no motor or behavioural effects, drastically altered apomorphine effects; thus, unilateral infusion of muscimol resulted i tight, head-to-tail ipsiversive circling while bilateral infusion of muscimol converted the apomorphine-syndrome from stereotypy of high-intensity into pure compulsive forward locomotion devoid of sniffing. The results indicate that GABAergic mechanisms in the MRF-DLSC are of primary importance in the expression of motor and behavioural syndromes arising from the striatum. PMID- 7284836 TI - Regional changes in cerebral glucose utilization associated with amygdaloid kindling and electroshock in the rat. AB - A method using [3H]2-deoxyglucose was used to identify brain areas activated during partial and generalized amygdaloid kindled seizures and generalized seizures following electro-convulsive shock in rats. The amygdala, hippocampus. septal nuclei and hypothalamus were bilaterally activated in kindled convulsions. Electroshock caused a more widespread involvement including the thalamus, striatum, reticular formation and cerebellum. Changes in the amygdala and hippocampus but not hypothalamus, were found after partial kindling. PMID- 7284837 TI - Choroid plexus transport of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: interaction with the organic acid carrier. PMID- 7284838 TI - Cultures enriched in Schwann-like cells from dissociated nerve segments of the adult cat. AB - Methods for producing Schwann cell-rich cultures from nerve segments of the adult cat were investigated. Efficient dissociation was achieved with a combination of collagenase and trypsin. Differential attachment of elements within the resulting suspension allowed production of Schwann cell-rich cultures derived by outgrowth from slowly attaching segments of degenerating myelin sheath tube containing Schwann-like cells. Rapid trypsinization during subculture further increased the proportion of Schwann-like cells in these cultures to 90% or more. PMID- 7284841 TI - Studies of pineal and hypothalamic 5-HT in the ferret. AB - Using a highly sensitive and specific radioenzymatic assay for serotonin (5-HT) in conjunction with a simple reliable technique for removal of small areas of hypothalamus, 5-HT levels have been determined at three time points in several areas of the anterior hypothalamus and the pineal of ovariectomized ferrets housed in long or short day photoperiod. The rhythm seen in all areas of anterior hypothalamus and the pineal was similar in both photoperiods. The data conflict with a previous report from this laboratory; possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. These findings do not support the hypothesis that a differential daily hypothalamic 5-HT rhythm is a key component in the neuroendocrine control of seasonal breeding in the ferret. PMID- 7284839 TI - Layer-specific labelling of cat visual cortex after stimulation with visual noise: a [3H]2-deoxy-d-glucose study. AB - Tritiated 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) was used to demonstrate layer specific uptake of 2-DG at the cellular level in the visual cortex of the cat after stimulation with different kinds of visual stimuli. Two-dimensional static Gaussian visual noise drifting across the visual field led to an increased accumulation of 2-DG in layers III and V as compared to the amount of radioactivity in layer IV. In unstimulated control tissue of visual cortex a homogeneous pattern of labelling was found. Horizontal bars moving vertically across the visual field increased the uptake in layer IV more than in all other layers. Analysis of the 2-DG uptake at the cellular level revealed that visual noise activated two bands of cells, one above and one below layer IV, whereas bar stimuli activated cells mainly in layer IV. Accumulation of 2-DG was always higher in the perikarya than in the surrounding neuropil. These results confirm the physiologically recorded properties of cells in different cortical layers. PMID- 7284840 TI - Myelination-dependent axonal membrane specializations demonstrated in insufficiently myelinated nerves of the dystrophic mouse. AB - "Dystrophic' mice of the 129/ReJ-Dy strain have a genetic defect affecting Schwann cell proliferation. Spinal nerve roots of these animals contain myelinated and unmyelinated axons in addition to groups of large "amyelinated' axons. In affected regions of the spinal roots, myelinated axons are missing their myelin sheaths. Where the myelination terminates or begins, half-nodes are created. Freeze-fracture analysis of these half-nodes shows that only the myelinated side contains rows of dimeric particles in the axonal P-face of the paranode. The P-face on the amyelinated side of a half-node, and the remainder of the amyelinated axon. contains a dense even distribution of particles, many of which are the size of dimeric-particle subunits, but only a few of which are arranged into short rows. As the long circumferential rows are not found on the unmyelinated side of the myelinated side of the half-node we conclude that the paranodal rows of dimeric particles are dependent upon myelination for their organization. PMID- 7284843 TI - The horizontal and vertical cervico-ocular reflexes of the rabbit. AB - Horizontal and vertical cervico-ocular reflexes of the rabbit (HCOR, VCOR) were evoked by sinusoidal oscillation of the body about the vertical and longitudinal axes while the head was fixed. These reflexes were studied over a frequency range of 0.005-0.800 Hz and at stimulus amplitudes of +/- 10 degrees. When the body of the rabbit was rotated horizontally clockwise around the fixed head, clockwise conjugate eye movements were evoked. When the body was rotated about the longitudinal axis onto the right side, the right eye rotated down and the left eye rotated up. The mean gain of the HCOR (eye velocity/body velocity) rose from 0.21 and 0.005 Hz to 0.27 at 0.020 Hz and then declined to 0.06 at 0.3Hz. The gain of the VCOR was less than the gain of the HCOR by a factor of 2-3. The HCOR was measured separately and in combination with the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR). These reflexes combine linearly. The relative movements of the first 3 cervical vertebrae during stimulation of the HCOR and VCOR were measured. For the HCOR, the largest angular displacement (74%) occurs between C1 and C2. For the VCOR, the largest relative angular displacement (45%) occurs between C2 and C3. Step horizontal clockwise rotation of the head and body (HVOR) evoked low velocity counterclockwise eye movements followed by fast clockwise (resetting) eye movements. Step horizontal clockwise rotation of the body about the fixed head (HCOR) evoked low velocity clockwise eye movements which were followed by fast clockwise eye movements. Step horizontal clockwise rotation of the head about the fixed body (HCOR + HVOR) evoked low velocity counterclockwise eye movements which were not interrupted by fast clockwise eye movements. These data provide further evidence for a linear combination of independent HCOR and HVOR signals. PMID- 7284842 TI - Distribution of slow cortical potentials preceding self-paced hand and hindlimb movements in the premotor and motor areas of monkeys. AB - Surface negative-depth positive, slowly increasing potentials prior to self-paced hand and hindlimb movements were recorded in the dorsal aspect of the motor and premotor cortices with chronically implanted electrodes. It was shown that the potentials were recorded in the contralateral forelimb motor area prior to hand movements but were hardly seen in the hindlimb motor area. On hindlimb movements, the contralateral hindlimb motor area showed the premovement potentials, whereas the forelimb motor area revealed little or no premovement potentials. The contralateral premotor cortex was shown to induce the premovement potentials in its wider areas and participate in both of hand and hindlimb movements in a similar fashion, with predominances in its dorsolateral portion for hand movements and in its dorsomedial portion for hindlimb movements respectively. In the hemisphere ipsilateral to the moving hand, the relatively large premovement slow potentials emerged frequently also in the premotor cortex, whereas only the small potential was obtained from the forelimb motor area. These results suggest that the premotor cortex (area 6) participates in the more general and associative organization of motor function than the motor cortex (area 4) which represents the specialized role in the motor performance. PMID- 7284844 TI - Distribution of GABA in the periaqueductal gray matter. Effects of medial hypothalamic lesions. AB - Gas chromatography and chemical ionization mass spectrometry were used in order to measure the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) concentration in a series of successive horizontal slices of the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (CG) as well as in a series of successive frontal CG slices in the rat. Along the dorso ventral axis, the GABA concentration (3.5-7 microgram/mg protein) was found first to increase and then to decrease, a maximum concentration being found at the level of the aqueduct. In contrast, no concentration gradient was found along the caudo-rostral axis. In an additional experiment, the medial hypothalamus (MH) was lesioned on one side and the effect of such a unilateral MH lesion on the caudo rostral distribution of GABA was investigated. Fifteen days after performing the lesion, a graded decrease in GABA concentration--with a maximum in the rostral CG -was found to occur mainly on the lesioned side. PMID- 7284845 TI - Intracranial self-stimulation from the sulcal prefrontal cortex in the rat: the effect of 6-hydroxydopamine or kainic acid lesions at the site of stimulation. AB - An electrode cannula system was used to elicit intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) from the sulcal prefrontal cortex in rats to test the behavioral effects of local infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or kainic acid (KA) into the brain area surrounding the electrode tip. In experiment I sulcal ICSS animals received injections of 6-OHDA with or without desipramine (DMI) pretreatment to block 6-OHDA uptake into noradrenergic (NA) terminals. Those animals that received DMI pretreatment were subsequently shown to have sustained sulcal cortical dopaminergic (DA) denervation while sulcal molecular layer NA systems were spared as revealed with glyoxylic acid-induced catecholamine histofluorescence. Those animals not receiving DMI pretreatment sustained near complete denervation of both NA and DA sulcal cortical systems. Neither treatment had a lasting effect on sulcal ICSS suggesting that sulcal ICSS is not dependent on the presynaptic release or DA of NA into that brain area. In experiment II KA injections that lesioned neurons in sulcal cortical layers V and VI resulted in the abolition of sulcal ICSS for the duration of a 21 day postlesion trial period. These results suggest that activation of a descending corticofugal system originating in the sulcal cortex is responsible for the mediation of sulcal prefrontal cortical ICSS. This system was mapped by the selective silver impregnation of degenerating neural elements resulting from effective lesions. PMID- 7284846 TI - Catecholamine levels and turnover during aging in brain regions of male C57BL/6J mice. AB - A radioenzymatic assay is described for measuring brain catecholamines (CA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the same tissue extract. The [3H] methylated products are differentially extracted and then acetylated by acetic anhydride, followed by thin layer chromatography in non-basic solvents. Routine sensitivity is 3-5 pg per sample. This assay gave CA levels in brain regions which generally agreed with previous reports. CA levels/mg protein and turnover (after injection of a-methyl-p-tyrosine) were measured in male C57BL/6J mice at various ages between 4 and 30 months, the average lifespan of male C57BL/6J mice. No region showed progressive age changes in levels or turnover, or changes before midlife, 8-12 months. Brain regions with no evidence of age changes include globus pallidus, zona incerta, substantia nigra, cerebellum, and olfactory bulbs. Small changes (10-25%) were detected in only some regions of mice aged greater than or equal to 24 months; few changes were statistically significant. CA levels and turnover decreased in some samplings of striatum and median eminence-arcuate nucleus. In contrast, DA levels increased in anterior pituitary and possibly in medial preoptic region. DOPAC levels (measured only in rostral striatum) decreased by 20% at 28 months. These results diverge from the larger, progressive decreases of DA reported in human striatum during aging. PMID- 7284848 TI - Lesions of the dorsal column nuclei or medial lemniscus of the cat: effect on motor performance. AB - Motor performance in cats was evaluated by means of a beam-walking task after bilateral lesions were made in dorsal column nuclei (DCN) or medial lemniscus (ML) near its entrance to thalamus. Coordinated motor activity was not significantly impaired by ML lesions or by DCN lesions limited to the main nuclei, but was impaired by larger lesions to DCN that also involved the external cuneate nuclei. PMID- 7284849 TI - Neuronal plasticity: how changes in dendritic architecture can affect the spread of postsynaptic potentials. AB - Calculations from a theoretical model are presented which illustrate the electrophysiological changes that can result from alterations in dendritic branching. Much evidence has implicated modifications in dendritic architecture with learning, aging and certain neural pathologies. It is found that both the peak amplitude and the half-width of a time-varying postsynaptic potential generated by a previously established synapse can be affected by dendritic changes distal to the input. For the examples considered in this paper peak amplitude is decreased if distal branching occurs, whereas half-width is increased. PMID- 7284847 TI - Intracellular correlates of morphine excitation in the hippocampal slice preparation. AB - The influences of morphine and opioid peptides on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells were investigated using intracellular recordings from the in vitro slice preparation. Morphine applied to somal and basal dendritic areas of CA1 cells via a pressure ejection system confirmed a number of excitatory actions of opiates and opioid peptides in this brain region. These included an increase in the amplitude and duration of orthodromically (radiatum) elicited EPSPs and a decrease in amplitude of the following IPSP. The increase in EPSP amplitude was accompanied by a reduction in stimulus intensity necessary for eliciting the action potential. Morphine delivered to the slice in this manner induced synaptically elicited and spontaneous multiple spike burst discharges. In slices maintained in 10(-4) M pentobarbital, morphine reversed the presumably GABA mediated long-duration depolarization following orthodromic stimulation. Finally, depending on the specific site of application (apical or basal dendritic region) of the opiate, morphine produced two different effects on the resting membrane potential and input resistance of CA1 pyramidal cells. These findings are discussed as to whether opiates act directly upon excitatory influences in the hippocampus, or via blockade of GABA mediated inhibitory mechanisms. PMID- 7284850 TI - Axolemmal infoldings bind calcium in nerve endings of the stimulated neocortex. PMID- 7284851 TI - Effect of nephrectomy on angiotensin II concentrations in plasma and hypothalamus of the dehydrated rat. AB - Bilateral nephrectomy in the rats deprived of water for 46 h markedly reduced plasma angiotensin II concentrations (P less than 0.001), but it was without effect on extremely low levels of the hormone in the hypothalamic tissue. These results may suggest that the activity of a possible intrinsic brain renin angiotensin system is not influenced by that of the kidney-plasma renin angiotensin system. PMID- 7284852 TI - [3H]Dopamine accumulation and release from striatal slices in young, mature and senescent rats. AB - Examinations of [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) release following KCl or amphetamine administration in striatal slices from young (7 month), and senescent (24 month) Wistar rats showed no age-related changes. Further, the amount of [3H]DA accumulated in the striatal slices showed no changes with age. Thus, previously reported age-related deficits in motor behavior (i.e. rotational) are not produced by changes in striatal DA accumulation or release. PMID- 7284853 TI - Rat brain salsolinol and blood-brain barrier. PMID- 7284854 TI - Optic nerve components may not be equally susceptible to damage by acrylamide. AB - Cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of rats treated with the neurotoxin acrylamide were classified as X or Y according to the criterion of linear summation. Compared with control animals, they had a lower ratio of X to Y cells. It is argued that this effect may be related to differences in axon diameter, the thinner fibres in the optic nerve being more susceptible to damage. PMID- 7284855 TI - A developmental study of kindling in the rat. AB - Neonate (10 days of age), infant (14 days of age), weanling (21 days of age), juvenile (39 days of age) and adult (over 200 days of age) rats were subjected to repeated electrical stimulation of the amygdala in a kindling paradigm. No differences in the rate or development of the kindling response were observed among adults, juveniles and weanlings. The maximal response to amygdaloid kindling stimulation in neonates and infants was partial and unreliable seizure development. The failure to fully and reliably kindling animals younger than 21 days of age is attributed to immaturity of various mechanisms of neural transmission. PMID- 7284856 TI - Selective innervation of target regions within fetal mouse spinal cord and medulla explants by isolated dorsal root ganglia in organotypic co-cultures. AB - Correlative electrophysiologic and cytologic analyses demonstrate that a significant group of neurons in isolated (NGF-enhanced) fetal mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) can grow across a collagen substrate and selectively innervate specific dorsal horn and dorsal column nuclei regions in co-cultured explants of deafferented spinal cord and medulla. Neurites from this group of DRG cells from connections in CNS target zones that generate characteristic primary afferent network responses to sensory stimuli, as observed in cultures of spinal cord with attached DRGs. Systematic microelectrode stimulus-mapping tests revealed that many DRG neurites were preferentially distributed in sensory target zones of co cultured cord and medulla explants and that few collaterals of these DRG neurons were present in neighboring inappropriate regions, especially in the ventral cord. Another group of DRG neurons appears to be responsible for the less prominent, but clear-cut, innervation that developed in some of the co-cultured ventral cord explants. Fetal DRGs were also able to establish characteristic primary afferent dorsal horn or dorsal column nuclei networks when introduced into cultures of deafferented spinal cord and medulla that had been explanted alone for 1-3 weeks prior to introduction of the DRGs. These experiments demonstrate that CNS target neurons remain receptive to DRG innervation even after 1-3 weeks of maturation in vitro. Our electrophysiologic and cytologic analyses of DRG and CNS explants in organotypic co-cultures provide the first systematic attempt to establish conditions under which preferential neuritic growth to and functional innervation of specific CNS target tissues can occur in vitro. This model system should facilitate analyses of mechanisms underlying development, as well as regeneration, of specific synaptic connections in the CNS. PMID- 7284861 TI - [New findings on diseases of the lacrimal apparatus]. PMID- 7284859 TI - Neonatal postural asymmetry and sex differences in the rat. PMID- 7284858 TI - Radioautographic evidence for the protracted proliferation of glial cells in the central nervous system of jimpy mice. AB - Proliferation of glial cells has been studied in the central nervous system of jimpy mice and control littermates with [3H]thymidine radioautography. It was found that the proliferation of glial precursors was protracted in the 3 regions studied: spinal cord, cerebellum and corpus callosum. The difference between jimpy and littermates became obvious in each of these regions at the onset of myelination. It is concluded that the maturation of the oligodendrocyte is the target of the mutation. The protracted proliferation of glioblasts is a consequence of the absence of stable interactions with the axons. PMID- 7284857 TI - Preferential growth of neurites from isolated fetal mouse dorsal root ganglia in relation to specific regions of co-cultured spinal cord explants. AB - Clusters of dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) from 13- to 14-day fetal mice were co cultured with specific fragments of deafferented spinal cord (0.5-1 mm apart) on collagen-coated coverslips in Maximow slide chambers. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was added to the culture medium (1000 biological units/ml, at explantation) to ensure optimal survival and growth of a large fraction of the fetal DRG neurons. Sequential microscopic observations of the living cultures and cytologic studies after silver impregnation demonstrate that many neurites from isolated DRGs can invade dorsal (DC) regions of co-cultured spinal cord explants, whereas they are deflected from ventral cord (VC) tissue and its neuritic-glial outgrowth. Furthermore, some DRG neurites may become redirected towards distant DC target explants even after long circuitous detours around proximally arrayed VC explants. DRG neurites also show remarkably sharp projections to DC tissue and more complete avoidance of adjacent VC tissue when the DRG neurites approach a suitably arranged DC-VC-DC interface, e.g. forming de novo 'dorsal roots' at the end of a longitudinal strip of whole spinal cord. These experiments suggest that DC-VC boundaries may be particularly effective in guiding DRG neurites to specific regions of the CNS. The present studies of co-cultured fetal mouse DRG and spinal cord explants provide the first demonstration of preferential neuritic growth in vitro in relation to specific CNS target tissues. PMID- 7284860 TI - The cell cycle during closure of the neural folds in the C57BL mouse. AB - An analysis of cellular kinetics during closure of the cranial neural folds in the C57BL mouse at 8 and 9 days gestations was obtained by means of tritiated thymidine autoradiography. At 8 days the short generation time (7.5 h) and high labeling index (61.4%) are evidence of intensive proliferative activity occurring concurrently with significant changes in cell shape and movement during neural fold elevation and approximation. PMID- 7284863 TI - [Repair of injured lacrimal ducts using retrograde probes]. PMID- 7284862 TI - [Tests for function of the lacrimal apparatus]. PMID- 7284866 TI - [Comparative study of alloplastic and homoplastic lacrimal duct reconstruction]. PMID- 7284864 TI - [Complications and late results of conjunctivo-rhinostomy]. PMID- 7284865 TI - [Results of conjunctivo-dacryocysto-rhinostomy]. PMID- 7284868 TI - [Endoscopy of the nose in diseases of the lacrimal apparatus]. PMID- 7284867 TI - [Expert opinion on the tearing eye]. PMID- 7284869 TI - [Dacryocystography and radionuclide dacryocystography]. PMID- 7284870 TI - [Experiences with isotope diagnosis of the lacrimal ducts]. PMID- 7284871 TI - [Relation between postoperative patency of the lacrimal ducts and spontaneous drainage]. PMID- 7284872 TI - [Precorneal film and its significance in the therapy of "dry eye"]. PMID- 7284873 TI - [Principles and therapy of hypersecretion and epiphora]. PMID- 7284874 TI - [Experiences with therapy of congenital lacrimal duct stenoses]. PMID- 7284875 TI - [Operative therapy of puncta lacrimalis eversion]. PMID- 7284876 TI - [Results of dacryocystorhinostomy and management of intra- and postoperative complications]. PMID- 7284877 TI - [Surgical methods and late results following primary treatment of canalicular injuries]. PMID- 7284878 TI - [Management of lacrimal duct stenosis using permanent probes]. PMID- 7284879 TI - [Projections and forecasts in the field of health]. PMID- 7284880 TI - [Projections on physicians on the 1985 horizon in the countries of the European Common Market]. PMID- 7284881 TI - [Health in the 8th Plan]. PMID- 7284882 TI - [Comparison between the actual development of medical care expenses and the projections of the 7th Plan]. PMID- 7284884 TI - [Medical teams and their use: current status and future perspectives]. PMID- 7284883 TI - [Is projection possible in epidemiology?]. PMID- 7284886 TI - The effect of inhalation of nebulized steroid on the acid aspiration syndrome. AB - The effects of acid aspiration on lung mechanics, gas exchange, haemodynamics and lung water, and their modification by nebulized dexamethasone were studied in 10 dogs. Each dog received 0.1 N HCl pH of 1.0 (15 ml/l vital capacity), instilled down the tracheal tube. PEEP 0.98 kPa (10 cm H2O) was introduced 20 minutes after aspiration and was continued until the completion of experiment. Treated animals (N = 5) received dexamethasone 5 mg . kg-1 by continuous nebulization over a two hour period starting 20 minutes after aspiration. Untreated (N = 5) animals received nebulized saline. Measurements were taken before aspiration and at 20 minutes 2.5 and 5.0 hours after aspiration. Red blood cells labelled with 51Cr were injected before sacrifice. After sacrifice multiple lung samples were taken for measurement of pulmonary extravascular water (PEW) by the gravimetric technique. Acid aspiration caused significant changes in lung volumes, PaO2, and intrapulmonary shunt. Pulmonary extravascular water was 6.16 +/- 0.93 ml/g dry tissue in treated and 6.47 +/- 0.60 ml/g dry tissue in untreated animals. These results indicate the presence of severe pulmonary oedema. There were no significant differences in any measured parameter between treated and untreated animals. We conclude that nebulized dexamethasone is of no value in treatment of the acute changes induced by acid aspiration. PMID- 7284890 TI - An introduction to the fiberoptic laryngoscope. AB - The fiberoptic laryngoscope can make difficult or impossible tracheal intubation as easy as a routine procedure. Although this instrument has been available for many years it has never achieved the popularity it deserves because anaesthetists have abandoned it after a few unsuccessful attempts to use it. Detailed procedure for the successful use of this instrument and the reasons for failure are described. Facility with the instrument should be developed by practice with patients where no difficulty in intubation is anticipated rather than making first attempts when problems arise. PMID- 7284885 TI - Effect of lateral position and volume on the spread of epidural anaesthesia in the parturient. AB - The effect of lateral positioning and the volume of drug injected on the spread of epidural anaesthesia was assessed in 131 healthy parturients. Epidural injection for anaesthesia was done at the L3-4 interspace and a catheter was inserted into the epidural space after injection of the drug. The patients were randomly assigned to four groups. The doses used were 12 ml of bupivacaine 0.25 per cent and 6 ml of bupivacaine 0.5 per cent. Patients were kept in the lateral position in which the block was done (Groups I and III) or turned to the opposite side after completion of the epidural injection (Groups II and IV). Sensory levels and maternal assessment of pain relief were determined fifteen to twenty minutes after injection. All assessments were done by a trained observer who did not know to what group the patient had been allocated. Maintenance of the lateral position after induction of epidural anaesthesia is compatible with satisfactory analgesia for labour. Twelve ml bupivacaine 0.25 per cent provides better analgesia than 6 ml bupivacaine 0.5 per cent although the same mass is injected. The quality of analgesia is improved by turning the patients to the contralateral side after injection of 12 ml bupivacaine 0.25 per cent. PMID- 7284891 TI - Adaptation of the fiberoptic laryngoscope for tracheal intubation with small diameter tubes. PMID- 7284889 TI - Unsuspected phaeochromocytoma presenting during surgery. AB - A patient with an unsuspected phaeochromocytoma presented with transient hypertension during anaesthesia for an elective hernia repair, and developed severe post-operative hypotension. The management of this acute crisis, appropriate preoperative preparation and the subsequent successful removal of the tumour is described. Awareness of this unusual presentation may help the attending physician to save such a patient. PMID- 7284888 TI - Epidural morphine and post-operative pain relief. AB - Epidural morphine was compared with placebo in two randomly selected but similar groups of patients undergoing upper abdominal operations. There was no quantitative or qualitative difference in the analgesia obtained in the two groups of patients but there were significantly diminished long term requirements of intramuscular morphine in those who had been previously given epidural morphine when compared with epidural placebo. The possible causes and implications of this difference are discussed. PMID- 7284892 TI - A hazard of scavenger port design. AB - This case report describes an inadvertent misconnection of the breathing and scavenging hoses on the anaesthesia machine which resulted in complete expiratory obstruction. The features which facilitate such a misconnection are described and modifications to reduce the likelihood of this event recurring are suggested. PMID- 7284887 TI - Cimetidine and prolonged post-operative somnolence. AB - A case of prolonged post-operative somnolence is described. The patient was on concurrent benzodiazepine and cimetidine therapy. Cimetidine can cause impairment of metabolism of the benzodiazepines by inhibiting the hepatic microsomal enzyme system and its possible role in causing the prolonged somnolence is discussed. PMID- 7284893 TI - A simple safe method for continuous infusion epidural analgesia in obstetrics. AB - Continuous infusion epidural anaesthesia may reduce the risks of hypotension, high spinal block and intravenous injection associated with repeated bolus injections. However, controlling the rate of a simple infusion is difficult and infusion pumps are expensive and bulky. We describe a method for continuous infusion epidural anesthesia using a 6 ml/hr capillary infusion device (Intraflo CFS-06F Sorenson Research Co., Salt Lake City, Utah) and bupivicaine 0.25 per cent. In a study of 50 patients, 35 (70 per cent) had adequate pain relief with the infusion alone for a mean time until delivery of 5 hours (range 2 to 13 hours). A further 11 patients (22 per cent) required only one top-up for the second stage of labour after a mean pain-free time of 5.4 hours (range 1.5 to 9.7 hours). There were no maternal or foetal complications related to the technique of continuous infusion used. No block went higher than the ninth thoracic dermatome at any time. PMID- 7284895 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 7284896 TI - Blood cross-match for Caesarean section. PMID- 7284894 TI - Controlled succinylcholine infusion in a patient receiving echothiophate eye drops. AB - A 69 year old man receiving echothiophate eye drops for glaucoma was given a controlled infusion of succinylcholine during elective surgery for incisional hernia. Neuromuscular blockade was assessed by the measurement of the force of contraction of the adductor pollicis muscle. Only 9.5 mg succinylcholine were required for tracheal intubation and 1.1 mg/min for maintenance. When the infusion was stopped, recovery of neuromuscular transmission was rapid and uneventful. Plasma cholinesterase activity was 62 per cent below normal, but the enzyme was qualitatively normal. Thus, muscle relaxation can be achieved safely with a succinylcholine infusion in patients with decreased plasma cholinesterase activity if neuromuscular function is closely monitored. PMID- 7284897 TI - Epidural morphine at home. PMID- 7284899 TI - Occult fifth nerve dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. AB - Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded following trigeminal nerve stimulation in 25 normal subjects. Mucosal stimulation of the lip resulted in a reduced stimulus artefact. The three initial peaks, N13, P19, and N30, measured respectively 12.8 +/- 0.9 S-3, 19.3 +/- 1.4 S-3, and 28.6 +/- 1.7 S-3. Blink reflex studies were also performed in most of these subjects. In 41.4% of 29 patients with established or suspected multiple sclerosis, the trigeminal SEP was abnormal. Additional use of the blink reflex raised the overall incidence of trigeminal nerve dysfunction to 51.7%. None of the patients had clinical evidence of fifth nerve involvement either historically or on examination. Four of seven patients with progressive spinal MS and two patients whose only deficit was that of optic neuritis, had abnormal trigeminal SEPs. It is concluded that occult involvement of the pontine fifth nerve structures occurs frequently in MS despite the rarity of corresponding clinical findings. The trigeminal SEP is a useful additional neurophysiological method. PMID- 7284898 TI - Cerebrovascular permeability in mechanically induced hypertension. AB - Our previous studies of cerebrovascular permeability in angiotensin-induced acute hypertension demonstrated that the principal mechanism resulting in increased permeability is enhanced pinocytosis. In order to exclude the possibility that the enhanced pinocytosis was a direct effect of exogenous angiotensin, cerebrovascular permeability alterations were studied in nonpharmacologically induced acute hypertension. Rats receiving horseradish peroxidase (HRP) intravenously, were sacrificed 2 1/2 minutes after the onset of hypertension induced by placing a clip on the abdominal aorta. These animals showed the same pattern of permeability alterations as had been observed previously in animals with angiotensin-induced acute hypertension. Focal segments of penetrating arterioles in the temporal and parietal cortex showed increased permeability to HRP. Permeable vessels showed increased numbers of pinocytotic vesicles and the interendothelial junctions revealed no alterations. Enhanced pinocytosis appears to be the principal mechanism resulting in increased cerebrovascular permeability in this model as well as suggesting that the alterations of cerebrovascular permeability observed previously in angio-tensin-induced acute hypertension occur due to the hypertensive state and are not a direct drug effect of exogenous angiotensin. PMID- 7284900 TI - Abnormal adaptation of visual contrast sensitivity in multiple sclerosis patients. AB - Some multiple sclerosis patients with 20/20 acuity complain of poor vision. In a previous report we accounted for this in our patient group by showing that multiple sclerosis had caused a depression of contrast sensitivity while sparing visual acuity. In this study we investigated whether some of this measured depression might be due to abnormally rapid or severe adaptation during the test procedure rather than a true permanent loss. Our finding was opposite to this supposition: adaptation was normally slight and/or slow. Depressed contrast sensitivity was not well correlated with abnormal adaptation to contrast. In patients whose contrast sensitivity losses were restricted to a band of spatial frequencies, we found no evidence that abnormalities of contrast adaptation were restricted to this same spatial frequency band. Further evidence of dissociation between abnormal contrast sensitivity and abnormal contrast adaptation is that some patients with normal contrast sensitivity showed abnormally small adaptation. PMID- 7284902 TI - Abnormal electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials in chronic papilledema using time-difference analysis. AB - Visual function is usually considered to be normal in papilledema. We report previously undescribed abnormalities in the electroretinograms (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) of two patients with chronic papilledema. The steady state latencies of the ERG and VEP were calculated using time-difference analysis. The ERG was abnormal under both scotopic (slow) and photopic (fast) flicker conditions, but the VEP was abnormal only to fast flicker photopic stimulation. This may indicate a relative vulnerability of a high frequency signal system under conditions of raised intracranial pressure. The abnormalities resolved rapidly once the intracranial pressure had been normalised. The cause of the VEP and particularly the ERG abnormalities remains unknown. PMID- 7284901 TI - Intraoperative regional cerebral blood flow during carotid endarterectomy. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion for endarterectomy can be measured without inconvenience using the probe holder illustrated. When mean ipsilateral hemispheric CBF exceeds 20 ml/100 gm/min, an intraluminal bypass is not necessary (63% of patients), except in patients with extensive cerebrovascular disease in whom rCBF should also exceed 20 ml/100 gm/min in all areas. ICA "stump" pressure is falsely high in about 20% of patients, and is therefore not a dependable criterion for selecting patients who need shunting. While intraoperative shunting is capable of restoring pre occlusion CBF levels, it does not eliminate the risk of intraoperative ischemic neurological deficit of probable embolic origin. PMID- 7284903 TI - The effect of low frequency and direct current stimulation on the kindling phenomenon in rats. AB - An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of 1-Hz or direct current brain stimulation on kindling behavior induced by 60-Hz sine wave stimulation. The effective threshold intensity to elicit a convulsion was determined on four separate occasions with 5 days of daily trials between determinations. On each day one group of experimental rats was stimulated with 1-Hz sine wave current before and after stimulation with 60-Hz sine wave current (1-60-1 group). Another group received direct current stimulation and 60-Hz current (D-60-D group). A third group received only 60-Hz stimulation. Suppression of kindling behaviour usually induced by the 60-Hz stimulation occurred with 1-Hz stimulation; the mean threshold value increased on each successive determination. Suppression was most pronounced for the direct current group; it appeared after a single trial and persisted for 32 days after the last threshold determination. In contrast, most of the rats in the 1-60-1 group had recovered from the suppression after the 32 day period of nonstimulation. A second phase of the experiment indicated that the increase in threshold values for the D-60-D group occurred after a single DC stimulation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis generated by previous research that suppression following 1-Hz stimulation is not due to tissue damage. PMID- 7284904 TI - On stopping the heart. PMID- 7284905 TI - Necrotizing anaerobic infections. AB - Severe necrotizing anaerobic infections carry a high mortality. From a retrospective review of 17 cases of gas gangrene, necrotizing fasciitis and nonclostridial myonecrosis seen at the Victoria and University hospitals in London, Ontario, between Jan. 1, 1975 and Dec. 31, 1977, the most common antecedent was found to be minor trauma. Location of the infection varied; the scrotum and perineum were most commonly involved. Local findings were most frequently edema, skin tenderness and induration. Mixed infections predominated with a pure growth of Clostridium sp. occurring in only three cases. The overall mortality was 29%. The mainstay of treatment after initial administration of fluids followed by broad-spectrum antibiotics is early aggressive surgical debridement of all necrotic tissue. PMID- 7284906 TI - Common bile duct exploration: indications and results. AB - To ascertain the best diagnostic indicators of choledocholithiasis and to decrease the incidence of retained stones in the common bile duct after exploration, the authors carried out a retrospective review of 110 consecutive patients who underwent common bile duct exploration for calculous biliary tract disease. Conditions that were most often associated with choledocholithiasis were cholangitis and clinically obvious jaundice. The serum bilirubin level was helpful in identifying patients with stones in the common bile duct only when the value was greater than 6 mg/dl (103 mumol/l), and alkaline phosphatase only when the value was more than 250 IU (normal 110 IU). When stones are felt in the duct at operation, the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis is certain; positive operative cholangiograms are highly reliable and the coexistence of small gallstones and a dilated cystic duct is suggestive. The retention of stones is best prevented by careful exploration followed by high-quality T-tube cholangiography performed at operation after the exploration is complete. Any missed stones found in this way should be removed by re-exploration at the time of the original operation. Stones left in the common bile duct are best extracted nonoperatively under radiologic control. This technique, while effective and safe, is associated with considerable morbidity. PMID- 7284907 TI - Pulmonary resection in cystic fibrosis: a case report. AB - There is limited experience world wide in the management of patients with cystic fibrosis who undergo thoracotomy. Because of their shortened life-span and the diffuse nature of pulmonary involvement, resection is seldom performed for uncontrolled pulmonary infections. An 8-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis and a chronic infection of the right lung with abscess formation underwent pulmonary resection after 1 week of antibiotic therapy with tobramycin, ticarcillin and cloxacillin, and physiotherapy. Postoperatively, he was kept in the intensive care unit for 48 hours. Physiotherapy was begun immediately after operation and continued every 2 hours for the first day. The preoperative antibiotic therapy was continued. The postoperative course was smooth and the boy did well for 1 year. Over the next 6 months his condition deteriorated and he died 18 months after operation. Pulmonary resection should not be used in patients whose pulmonary infections can be controlled medically but may be of value for those with uncontrollable localized infections. PMID- 7284909 TI - Acute suppurative cholangitis secondary to malignant obstruction. AB - Acute suppurative cholangitis due to malignant obstruction of the distal biliary tract is uncommon. Only 16 cases have been documented in the English literature (excluding patients with previous surgery for their malignant tumours). The authors add five new cases and discuss the clinical characteristics of the process. The possible relation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography to the pathogenesis of acute suppurative cholangitis in these patients is presented and prophylactic antibiotic therapy is advised once obstruction is demonstrated. Immediate operative decompression of the obstructed common bile duct as a life saving procedure is of prime importance, in preparation for a later palliative or curative surgical procedure. PMID- 7284908 TI - Death and complications after total colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Deaths and complications related to proctocolectomy in inflammatory bowel disease remain a serious problem for the general surgeon. Review of experience at a general hospital over a 25-year period disclosed that although there was substantial morbidity and 12.5% mortality there was a notable improvement over the last 10 years of the study. This was due mainly to a more aggressive surgical approach, meticulous preparation of the bowel for elective procedures, more physiologic monitoring peroperatively, careful replacement of fluid losses and intensive care postoperatively. Many patients with septic and nonseptic complications required reoperation. Intestinal occlusion by adhesions and ileostomy dysfunction are the most common nonseptic complications. One-stage proctocolectomy is a good choice for elective surgery but should be used with caution in emergency situations. PMID- 7284910 TI - Wagner resurfacing total hip arthroplasty: early results. AB - This preliminary report deals with the early results obtained from a new conservative hip arthroplasty--the Wagner resurfacing total hip arthroplasty in which the acetabulum is replaced with a high-density polyethylene cup and the femoral head resurfaced with a metallic cup. Between February 1977 and September 1978, 51 patients, ranging in age from 12 to 70 years, underwent this operation. They had a variety of hip diseases. All patients were assessed prospectively by the Harris hip rating method. The results of operation were excellent. All patients but one had complete or marked relief of pain. To date there have only been two failures. With this procedure the considerable problem associated with the conventional hip arthroplasty, that of stem loosening, is avoided. It is possible to salvage a failed Wagner resurfacing operation by hip arthrodesis or by conventional total hip arthroplasty. While it is still too early to advocate its universal acceptance, the Wagner resurfacing total hip arthroplasty is expected to be widely adopted and used with success. PMID- 7284912 TI - Surgical treatment of the dilated aortic root in a child with Marfan's syndrome. AB - Life-threatening cardiovascular manifestations of Marfan's syndrome are rare in young children. The authors report the case of a 4 1/2-year-old girl with Marfan's syndrome who had a large aneurysm of the ascending aortic valve replaced and both coronary arteries implanted into a prosthetic graft (Bentall's procedure). Other published reports of children with aortic aneurysms due to Marfan's syndrome are reviewed. PMID- 7284913 TI - Pulmonary core biopsy by percutaneous needle aspiration. AB - Percutaneous aspiration needle biopsy for pulmonary lesions has been practised for many years but has not until recently gained popularity. Further proof of its simplicity, safety and accuracy for both central and peripheral lesions is given in this retrospective study of 181 biopsies performed in a community hospital. The diagnostic yield was higher in neoplastic (87.5%) than in nonneoplastic (68.4%) lesions and higher in malignant (91%) than in benign (58.3%) neoplasms. The larger the lesion the higher was the success rate--95.6% if the lesion was larger than 3 cm. The complication rate was low (14.9%) and there were no deaths. There was no difference in the success rate or the incidence of complications between biopsy done for central or peripheral lesions. The complication rate did not differ between large and small lesions, localized or diffuse. The sample could be used for cell block histologic sectioning, which gave the same diagnostic accuracy as cytologic examination. There were no false-positive cytologic diagnoses. During the procedure the operator (a radiologist in all cases) was able to predict the diagnosis in cases of hamartoma and neurofibroma. PMID- 7284914 TI - Celiac artery embolism: case report. AB - The authors describe an unusual case of acute gastrointestinal ischemia due to celiac artery embolism. The patient, a 23-year-old man who had recently suffered a myocardial infarction, underwent selective angiography under local anesthesia with intravenous sedation because angiography demonstrated good collateral filling and because of his poor cardiac status he was treated nonoperatively with intravenously administered heparin. Points to be considered in the diagnosis of acute intestinal ischemia include: (a) if the initial investigations are suggestive of the condition, angiography should be performed; it can be done easily and safely under local anesthesia with intravenous sedation, (b) the symptoms are often more severe than one would expect from the physical findings and (c) celiac artery occlusion may be more common than previously thought. PMID- 7284915 TI - Congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia: a retrospective study. AB - Congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia continues to be associated with a high mortality from ventilatory failure. To evaluate the malformation and factors associated with survival, 43 children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia seen in the neonatal period were studied; 20 survived. The male:female ratio was 2.1. No consistent antenatal factors could be implicated, and, except for intestinal malrotation and lung hypoplasia, associated anomalies were uncommon. The most common cause of death was ventilatory failure and marked bilateral lung hypoplasia was a common autopsy finding. Most of those died were admitted within 8 hours of birth. Tolazoline has been used in 10 patients since 1975 and, of these, 4 survived. Postoperatively a transient period of satisfactory lung function correlated well with response to vasodilators, which may be of value in future therapy. PMID- 7284911 TI - Rectus femoris myocutaneous flaps for trochanteric ulcers. AB - The local skin flaps traditionally used to repair trochanteric ulcers in paraplegics are usually thin, have poor padding qualities and often break down. The rectus femoris myocutaneous flap was used to repair trochanteric ulcers in eight paraplegic patients. Three flaps healed primarily. In three there was some necrosis at the distal corner of the flap but this healed spontaneously. The cutaneous portion of two flaps necrosed and had to be excised but the muscle remained viable. All eight flaps remain healed with no evidence of breakdown. The repetitive shear forces over the prominent mobile hip joint cause particular problems in providing a stable flap repair, but the rectus femoris myocutaneous flap has demonstrated, in this series, its stability and durability. PMID- 7284916 TI - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy complicating metastatic ovarian adenocarcinoma. AB - This report documents for the first time the association of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with ovarian adenocarcinoma metastatic to the lung, in a 47-year old woman who became totally incapacitated by her joint pain. Surgical removal of the lung metastases resulted in prompt relief of her pain. Theories of the pathogenesis of this clinical syndrome are reviewed. They include neurovascular, humoral and estrogenic mechanisms. Pulmonary arteriovenous shunting has also been considered in the pathogenesis. Operation should be considered in all patients who area incapacitated by joint pain associated with metastatic disease in the lungs. PMID- 7284917 TI - Bronchogenic cyst presenting as a supraclavicular mass. AB - Bronchogenic cyst is one of the more common congenital pulmonary anomalies. It is related to abnormal budding of the tracheobronchial tree during embryologic development. These lesions may present as a mass in the lung parenchyma in the mediastinum or within or below the diaphragm. An unusual case of bronchogenic cyst presenting as a mass in the supraclavicular fossa of a 24-year-old woman is reported. Treatment of bronchogenic cyst consists of excision of the mass. Recurrence is rare if excision is complete. PMID- 7284919 TI - Bilateral persistent sciatic artery with bilateral aneurysms: case report and review of the literature. ? AB - Persistent sciatic artery is a rare anomaly, only 33 cases having been reported to date. A 34th case is described in this report., The patient, a 45-year-old man, had bilaterally persistent sciatic arteries with bilateral aneurysms and acute ischemia due to distal embolization. The literature regarding the embryology, incidence and the problems of diagnosis and management of this rare condition is reviewed. The authors emphasize that in cases of aneurysm formation if the sciatic nerve adheres to the aneurysm no attempt should be made to excise the aneurysmal sac. PMID- 7284920 TI - Double-channel pylorus: congenital or acquired. AB - It is difficult to decide on the best method of management for the double-channel pylorus because there is no agreement as to whether this uncommon condition is congenital or acquired. Of 60 cases reported in the literature 55 were associated with peptic ulcer disease strongly suggesting an acquired origin. A congenital origin should be accepted only if specific criteria obtain: (a) presence in early childhood, (b) presence of mucous, lamina propria and muscularis mucosae on microscopic examination and (c) characteristic findings as fluoroscopic examination. The authors report three patients with a double-channel pylorus. In one a prepyloric ulcer immediately preceded the development of the false antroduodenal channel. The other patients had peptic ulcer disease. All were treated conservatively. Operation is unnecessary except for complications that may arise. The authors' cases demonstrate that unless the diagnosis of double channel pylorus is considered the radiologic and endoscopic findings may be misinterpreted. PMID- 7284921 TI - Preoperative liver biopsy and survival after portasystemic shunting. AB - The value of preoperative liver biopsy in predicting the outcome of portasystemic shunting was investigated. Using coded slides, the authors examined liver biopsy specimens from 41 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis who underwent portasystemic shunting. The degree of fatty change, alcoholic hyalin, alcoholic hepatitis, central hyalin sclerosis and the activity and severity of the cirrhosis were assessed and possible correlations were noted with the preoperative Child's classification, postoperative encephalopathy and with early and late mortality. A correlation was found between the presence of alcoholic hyalin in more than 10% of hepatocytes and early mortality; all of the six patients who died within 30 days of operation had this finding in the liver biopsy specimen. Early mortality correlated better with alcoholic hyalin than with the Child's classification. There was some correlation between late mortality and the degree of hyalin sclerosis and with the activity and severity of cirrhosis. The authors conclude that the findings of a liver biopsy done preoperatively are valuable in indicating prognosis and operative mortality in alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 7284918 TI - [And after...what happens to mastectomized patients?]. PMID- 7284922 TI - Ten years of evidence on therapeutic abortion: the jury is still out. PMID- 7284923 TI - Imported intestinal parasites: a growing problem? PMID- 7284924 TI - Symptoms of withdrawal from tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7284925 TI - Bacteroides fragilis septicemia during cefamandole therapy. PMID- 7284926 TI - Accuracy of clinical diagnosis in a Canadian teaching hospital. AB - Two hundred autopsies were investigated to determine the correlation between the clinical and pathological diagnoses in three categories--major underlying disease, cause of death and significant incidental pulmonary findings. There was concurrence in diagnosis of the major underlying disease in 76% of cases, with 12% of disagreements being considered minor and 12% major. In only three cases might different management have affected the outcome had the correct diagnosis of the major underlying disease been made during life. There was concurrence of the diagnosis of the cause of death (which was often different from the underlying disease) in 64% of cases, and in 10% of cases the outcome might have been different had the clinical diagnosis been accurate. The clinical opinion that lung disease was the cause of death was confirmed at autopsy in 54% of cases, and 45% of the pulmonary causes of death as determined at autopsy had been recognized clinically. Major incidental pulmonary findings diagnosed clinically were confirmed in 76% of cases, and major pulmonary findings diagnosed at autopsy had been recognized clinically in 83%. The major sources of these discrepancies were pulmonary embolism and pneumonia. If autopsies are to play a role in patient management, clinicians will have to be made aware of discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnosis. The real test of efficacy would be modification of patient management for the good. PMID- 7284927 TI - A geriatric day hospital: the Sunnybrook experience. AB - A review of the first 7 years of experience with the geriatric day hospital at Sunnybrook Medical Centre in Toronto revealed the following about the patients attending the day hospital during that time: most were 60 to 79 years old; over 85% attended 1 or 2 days a week; more than two thirds lived with a spouse or relatives; and more than half had diseases of the circulatory system or mental disorders. The day hospital offers a varied therapeutic program while easing the demands on the energy and time of the patient's spouse or family and thus helps the elderly to remain in the community rather than live in an institution. The experience at Sunnybrook has shown that geriatric day hospitals can be a valuable component of the broad spectrum of integrated services and programs that must be developed to provide adequate health care for the growing number of older people in our population. PMID- 7284928 TI - Side effects of cloxacillin in infants and children. PMID- 7284929 TI - Re-expansion pulmonary edema: evidence for increased capillary permeability. PMID- 7284930 TI - The modern hospital: building for the future. PMID- 7284932 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. PMID- 7284933 TI - Are video display terminals safe? PMID- 7284934 TI - High-yield criteria for skull roentgenography. PMID- 7284931 TI - Maternal nutrition and outcome of pregnancy. PMID- 7284935 TI - Unsuspected hypercalcemia among adults in hospital. AB - Physicians usually fail to recognize an abnormal serum calcium level and often do not arrive at a definite conclusion about its cause. Yet hypercalcemia, even when minimal, indicates potentially serious underlying disease. This review of the records of about 12 000 adults in hospital showed a prevalence of unsuspected hypercalcemia of 1.4%, a 24% rate of recognition of the abnormal serum level and a 71% rate of correct diagnosis (though often presumptive) of the underlying cause by the attending physician, and a possible prevalence of unsuspected hyperparathyroidism of 0.3%. Because of other considerations, however, the prevalence estimates are probably for too low. PMID- 7284936 TI - Nutritional services during pregnancy and birthweight: a retrospective matched pair analysis. AB - Since 1963, unselected prenatal patients at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, have been given nutritional counselling and, if it was judged necessary, dietary supplementation by the Montreal Diet Dispensary. From uniform data collected for all obstetric patients in 1963--74, 1213 recipients of the dispensary services (89.7% of those available and eligible for matching) were paired with controls matched for date of delivery (within 12 months), religious affiliation, parity, trimester of pregnancy during which prenatal care was begun and weight at the time of conception. The proportion of infants of low birthweight (less than 2500 g) was 5.7% for the recipients and 6.8% for the controls; the difference was not significant, but the recipients' infants were heavier at birth than the controls' infants, by an average of 40 g (P less than 0.05). The difference in birthweight was greatest for the infants of women in their first pregnancy (average 61 g) and least for the infants of women with three or more past deliveries (average 9 g). Increased birthweight (by an average of 53 g, P less than 0.02) among the recipients' infants was limited to those born to women weighing less than 140 lb (63 kg) at the time of conception; among the heavier women the controls had infants who were heavier, but not significantly so. Differences between the groups in duration of gestation and maternal weight gain accounted for only a small part of these differences in birthweight. This study provides evidence that the Montreal Diet Dispensary program significantly increased birthweight. Further efforts must now be directed towards judging the long-term benefit of these changes. PMID- 7284937 TI - Acute viral infection of the central nervous system in children: an 8-year review. AB - Reliable information on acute viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) in Canadian children has not been available. To investigation this disease in Halifax the medical records of 180 patients with presumed or definite acute viral CNS infection diagnosed at the Izaak Walton Killam Hospital for Children over an 8-year period were reviewed. The yearly incidence was estimated at 19.5/100 000 for children up to 16 years of age, and the peak incidence was in July, August and September. The cause was determined in 64 (36%) of the 180 patients; it was most commonly a known infectious disease -- mumps (in 24 patients) or varicella (in 9 patients). An enterovirus was responsible in nine cases, herpes simplex virus in eight and measles virus in six. The clinical manifestations were variable and included apnea in three infants who would otherwise have been considered to have nearly suffered the sudden infant death syndrome. Localizing features were present on the electroencephalograms of nine patients, including six with herpes simplex infection. Serologic study of paired serum samples obtained during the acute phase of the illness and during convalescence was the most useful laboratory method of establishing the diagnosis. As medical therapy for specific causes of acute viral CNS infection advances, greater attention should be placed on establishing the correct diagnosis. PMID- 7284938 TI - Pyometra. AB - Pyometra is a potentially lethal disease. Eighteen cases, all but one in postmenopausal women, were diagnosed at the Ottawa General and Ottawa Civic hospitals between 1974 and 1978 inclusive. A review of this series and of the literature demonstrates that a large proportion of cases (72% in this series) are associated with or follow radiotherapy for a malignant disease of the uterus and that anaerobic bacteria are frequently isolated from the uterine cavity (in 56% of the patients in this series). Because pyometra is potentially lethal (one patient in our series died) it should be considered as an abscess and treated promptly and vigorously by evacuation and continued drainage of the uterine cavity. Curettage of the cavity and the endocervical canal after dilatation is essential to rule out associated malignant disease as well as to debride the necrotic tissue. Antibiotics effective against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria should be given to all patients with signs of systemic infection. Once the infection is controlled, the underlying problem can be treated. PMID- 7284939 TI - Retrograde cholangiography in the postcholecystectomy syndrome. PMID- 7284940 TI - Diffuse multifocal lymphoma of the small intestine presenting as a duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7284941 TI - "Dr. O'Leary, how is the president?". Interview by Milton Korcok. PMID- 7284943 TI - The risk register for infant deafness as implemented in Manitoba. PMID- 7284942 TI - Serving the needs of hearing impaired preschool children in rural areas. PMID- 7284945 TI - Community based monitoring for spinal man. PMID- 7284947 TI - Lamenesses of cattle. PMID- 7284944 TI - Cerebral palsy - functional assessments: a community orientation. PMID- 7284946 TI - Induction of abortion in feedlot heifers with a combination of cloprostenol and dexamethasone. AB - A field trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of a combined prostaglandin F(2)alpha analogue (cloprostenol) and dexamethasone treatment as an abortifacient in feedlot heifers. Heifers were grouped according to stage of gestation as follows: Group I, one to four months, n = 37: group II, four to six months, n = 40: group III, six to eight months, n = 40: group IV, one to eight months, n = 29. Heifers in groups I, II and III received a simultaneous intramuscular injection of 500 mug cloprostenol and 25 mg dexamethasone at the time of rectal palpation for pregnancy diagnosis. Heifers in group IV were subjected to rectal palpation for pregnancy diagnosis but received no treatments. Heifers were observed daily for two weeks for abortion and rectal palpations were done 50 days after treatment to determine reproductive status. HEIFERS ABORTING AFTER TREATMENT WERE AS FOLLOWS: Group I, 37/37; group II, 37/40, group III, 37/40; group IV, 0/29. In each of groups II and III there was one pregnancy and two cases of fetal mummification. The numbers of abortions in groups I, II and III were significantly different from that in group IV (P0.90, pressure-flow data during individual diastoles were concave to the flow axis before and during pharmacologically induced maximum coronary vasodilation. Data were better fitted (P < 0.01) by second-order equations than by linear equations in >90% of cases. Second-order pressure-axis intercepts (P(f=0))(1) averaged 29+/-7 (SD) mm Hg before vasodilation and 15+/-2 mm Hg during vasodilation; left and right atrial pressures were always substantially lower (8+/-3 and 5+/-2 mm Hg before vasodilation and 8+/-2 and 4+/-1 mm Hg during dilation). Values of P(f=0) before vasodilation varied directly with levels of coronary inflow pressure. A modification of the experimental preparation in which diastolic circumflex pressure could be kept constant was used to evaluate the suggestion that P(f=0) measured during long diastoles are misleadingly high because of capacitive effects within the coronary circulation as inflow pressure decreases. Decreases in P(f=0) attributable to capacitive effects averaged only 5.9+/-3.0 mm Hg before vasodilation and were smaller during dilation. We conclude that P(f=0) is a quantitatively important determinant of coronary driving pressure and flow, resulting from both factors related to, and independent of, vasomotor tone. Adjustments of flow during changing physiological situations may involve significant changes in P(f=0) as well as in coronary resistance. PMID- 7287911 TI - A simple solid-phase radioimmunoassay for morphine and related opiates using a mixture of labelled morphine and antiserum pre-precipitated by polyethylene glycol. AB - A novel, solid-phase radioimmunoassay for morphine and related opiates is described in which radiolabelled morphine, antiserum and polyethylene glycol are premixed before being added to the samples or standards. The mixture can be stored at 2 degrees C and used for several months until decay of the 125I label leads to excessively long counting times. The method was developed using the Roche Abuscreen radioimmunoassay for morphine and has the particular advantages of simplicity (only 2 pipetting steps required instead of 5) and economy (800 assay tubes can be prepared from a 100-tube Abuscreen plus a 50% saving in operator time). The procedure can be applied to other assays providing the polyethylene glycol-precipitated antiserum is stable and that the antibody affinity for the labelled compound is not so high as to prevent displacement of the labelled compound from the antibody binding sites by unlabelled drug. PMID- 7287912 TI - The supplementary motor region and speech emission. AB - Speech disorders occur with left supplementary motor region (SMR) lesions. Right SMR lesions probably produce speech disorders only when the right cerebral hemisphere is speech-dominant. Paroxysmal SMR dysfunction produces both uncontrollable vocalization and speech arrest. Slowly evolving SMR lesions produce reduced and labored speech output with word-finding difficulties. Suddenly acquired SMR lesions produce marked speech suppression and aphonia; during recovery nonpropositional "automatic" speech may be initiated easily, even involuntarily, while initiation of propositional speech is still difficult or impossible. From the data one can infer that the SMR plays a role in "language" aspects of speech (in word finding, in a mechanism facilitating the emission of propositional over "automatic" speech), and also in the "motor" aspects of speech emission (including rhythm control and the control of phonation and articulation). PMID- 7287913 TI - Punishment of stuttering: contingency and stimulus parameters. AB - The influence of two major parameters of time out from speaking were investigated with 36 adolescent and adult stutterers. Subjects were assigned to four matched groups in an attempt to examine whether time out has to be contingent to be effective and whether simply signaling stuttering (no time out) produces response reduction. The major finding was that reliable reductions in stuttering frequency were produced only when tone presentations were contingent and signaled time out from speaking. Overall results are discussed in terms of their implications for the various major models used to account for the effects of response-contingent procedures on stuttering. Assigning a label of distraction, attention, or punishment is less important than identifying the parameters responsible for observed effects. PMID- 7287914 TI - Attribution of psychological characteristics from masked and unmasked conversations. AB - A specific contribution of this study was the development of a procedure for separating the semantic and physical parameters of conversation. This procedure permits testing of the hypothesis that coverbal dimensions of conversation, that is, patterns of sounds and silence, convey information to independent listeners about the psychological states of speakers engaged in conversation. The masking procedure destroyed intelligibility of the conversation, but not the sequences of sounds and silences. Listeners rated speakers on three dimensions--warmth, anxiety, and dominance--under two conditions--masked and unmasked. Significant correlations were found between the ratings under both masked and unmasked conditions and between the ratings and a number of physical parameters of speech. PMID- 7287915 TI - Dichotic listening by brain-injured adults: observation of divergent test responses. AB - Research on central functions presents difficult problems, including heterogeneity among normals and subjects with central nervous system (CNS) defects. General conclusions are that there is an ear advantage related to cerebral dominance; testing for results of CNS damage requires stimuli of reduced redundancy; and fusion of dichotic stimuli is a brainstem function. Responses to digits presented dichotically were obtained. Data were in agreement with the usual findings that brain injury results in a reduced ability to understand dichotic speech and that injury to the dominant cerebral hemisphere results in lower speech perception via the opposite ear than by the ipsilateral ear. Significantly almost one third of the subjects performed differently than other members of their respective subgroups. A direction for additional research is to consider factors in otherwise apparently homogeneous groups that lead to nonhomogenous responses. PMID- 7287916 TI - Speech and language characteristics of genetic syndromes. AB - A series of tables is presented as a diagnostic aid for the clinician when presented with a client who has a genetic syndrome. Information is provided on physical features, inheritance pattern, incidence rate, speech and language characteristics, and references. The speech and language clinician is cautioned that there is great variation of expression in genetic syndromes. However, the tables can be used to find those characteristics identified in the literature as manifested in a particular genetic syndrome. PMID- 7287917 TI - Relationship between intellectual functioning and communicative competence in deaf children. AB - A group of 39 deaf children tested at ages 2 1/2--4 and 5-6 1/2 yr achieved average scores on three tests of intellectual functioning: a modified version of the Stanford-Binet, the Performance scales of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, and four subtests from the Non-Verbal Intelligence Tests for Deaf and Hearing Subjects developed in Holland by Snijders and Snijders-Oomen [Non-Verbal Intelligence Tests for Deaf and Hearing Subjects (Wolters-Noordhoff N.V., Groningen, Holland, 1968)]. A significant positive correlation between intelligence test scores and an Index of Communicative Competence suggests that communicative competence must be given special attention when assessing the intelligence of children with handicaps that interfere with communication. PMID- 7287918 TI - Equipotentiality of function in dichotic listening. AB - Listeners who had demonstrated right-ear dichotic listening preference in the first of four listening sessions were randomly assigned to an experimental and control group. Both groups participated in three more dichotic listening sessions. For sessions 2 and 3, left-ear responses were reinforced for the experimental group listeners. There was a significant interaction between groups and sessions. After a drop to equal numbers of right- and left-ear responses in session 2, the control group demonstrated significant right-ear preference in sessions 3 and 4. The responses of the experimental group showed strong left-ear preferences in sessions 2 and 3. Their left-ear gains were preserved in session 4, while their right-ear responses returned to the level demonstrated in session 1. It was concluded that the experimental group had learned to attend to and report left-ear stimuli without loss of right-ear report competence. Within the experimental paradigm, equipotentiality of function has been demonstrated. PMID- 7287919 TI - The central cholinergic system studied by choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry in the cat. AB - An atlas of the distribution of cholinergic cell bodies, fibers, and terminals, as well as cholinoceptive cells, in the central nervous system of the cat (excluding the cerebellum) is presented from results obtained in immunohistochemical work on choline acetyltransferase. Cholinergic cell bodies are observed in more than forty areas, and cholinoceptive cells in sixty discrete areas of brain sections from the spinal cord to the olfactory bulb. The atlas is presented in seventy cross-sectional drawings of cat brain extending from the olfactory bulb to the upper cervical spinal cord. PMID- 7287920 TI - Projections from the superior colliculus and the neocortex to the pulvinar nucleus in Galago. AB - We have studied the projections from the superior colliculus and the neocortex to the pulvinar nucleus in Galago senegalensis by using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Injections of various parts of the pulvinar complex, both the inferior and superior divisions, both the tectorecipient zone and the nontectorecipient zone as defined by Glendenning et. al. ('75), produce labeled cells in the lower tier of stratum griseum superficiale. The distribution of labeled cells in the superior colliculus varies with the locus of the injection, indicating a retinotopic projection system from the entire superior colliculus to all sectors of the pulvinar complex. These experiments also provide an opportunity to study the distribution and laminar origin of neurons giving rise to cortical descending projections. The entire visual cortex projects onto the pulvinar complex. The cells or origin can be divided into two populations- one located in layer V and the other in layer VI. In seven of the nine cases reported, the layer V population is restricted entirely or mainly to the striate area. In the two exceptional cases, the layer V population is located in the adjacent extrastriate cortex, areas 18 and 19. The difference in the layer of origin of the cortical descending fibers reflects a difference in the layer of termination of the reciprocal ascending projection. These findings identify the entire visual field as primary visual cortex. The importance of this conclusion is underscored by the fact that the visual field comprises as much as one-half of the whole neocortex. PMID- 7287921 TI - Secondary vestibulocerebellar projections to flocculonodular lobe in a prosimian primate, Galago senegalensis. AB - The organization of vestibulocerebellar projections to the flocculonodular and adjacent cortices were studied in Galago using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Implants of HRP pellets or injections (0.14-0.95 microliter) were placed in floccular, parafloccular, nodular, and uvular cortices. Following survival times of 18-25 hours animals were killed via transcardiac perfusion of heparinized saline followed by a buffered solution of paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Tissues were processed using DAB as the chromogen. Consequent to floccular implants HRP-positive cells are found bilaterally in medial (MVN), spinal (SpVN), and superior (SVN) vestibular nuclei. Labeled neurons are present in the ipsilateral subgroup y and interstitial nucleus of the eighth nerve. The prepositus hypoglossal nuclei also contained HRP-positive somata. A column of labeled cells is present exclusively in dorsomedial MVN subsequent to injection of the paraflocculus. Injections of nodular cortex reveal a distinct bilateral projection to this cortical area. Many labeled cells are located in SpVN, MVN, SVN, subgroups x and y, the interstitial nucleus, and the ganglion of the eighth nerve. Labeled somata are concentrated in dorsal and dorsolateral SpVN and in a bandlike configuration in subgroup x. HRP-reactive cells appear to have a differential rostrocaudal distribution in MVN, while the majority of positive cells in SVN are found in central portions of the nucleus. After HRP injection into the transition area between nodular and uvular cortices, labeled neurons are present in MVN, SpVN, and the prepositus hypoglossal nucleus. A similar distribution of HRP-positive cells is seen following injections of ventral uvula; however, cells are markedly fewer in number. In no case, subsequent to injection of the flocculonodular lobe and adjacent cortices, are HRP-labeled neurons found in the lateral vestibular nucleus. PMID- 7287922 TI - Identification of early neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. II. An autoradiographic study in the mouse. PMID- 7287923 TI - (3-H)-dihydrotestosterone in catecholamine neurons of rat brain stem: combined localization by autoradiography and formaldehyde-induced fluorescence. AB - A combined formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF)-autoradiography procedure was used to determine how and where the androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), is associated with catecholamine systems in the rat brain. With this dual localization method, (3H)-DHT target sites can be visualized in relation to catecholamine perikarya and terminals. In the hindbrain, catecholamine neurons adjacent to the fourth ventricle (group A4), the nucleus (n.) olivaris superior (group A5), the n. parabranchialis medialis (group A7), and in the locus coeruleus (group A6) and subcoeruleal regions, as well as in the substantia grisea centralis, concentrate (3H)-DHT in their nuclei. (3H)-DHT target neurons appear to be innervated by numerous catecholamine terminals in the following hindbrain regions: n. motorius dorsalis nervi vagi, n. tractus solitarii, n. commissuralis, n. raphe pallidus, n. olivaris inferior, the ventrolateral portion of the substantia grisea centralis, n. cuneiformis, and the ventrolateral reticular formation in the caudal mesencephalon. In the forebrain, (3H)-DHT concentrates in nuclei of catecholamine neurons located in the n. arcuatus and n. periventricularis (group A12). In addition, (3H)-DHT target neurons appear to be innervated by numerous catecholamine terminals in the following forebrain regions: n. periventricularis rotundocellularis, n. paraventricularis, n. dorsomedialis, n. periventricularis, area retrochiasmatica, n. interstititalis striae terminalis (ventral portion), and n. amygdaloideus centralis. The disclosure of a morphologic association between (3H)-DHT target sites and certain brain catecholamine systems suggests a close functional interdependence between androgens and catecholamines. PMID- 7287924 TI - The ascending projection of the nucleus of the lateral descending trigeminal tract: a nucleus in the infrared system of the rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis. AB - The efferent projections of the nucleus of the lateral descending trigeminal tract (LTTD) in the rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) were studied by anterograde tracing techniques. The LTTD, a brainstem trigeminal nucleus, is the sole projection site of the infrared-sensitive trigeminal fibers that innervate the pit organs in these snakes. The efferent fibers exit from the ventromedial edge of the LTTD and course medially and caudally toward the central grey area of the medulla. Upon reaching the central region of the medulla these fibers turn and move laterally and rostrally, eventually forming a tract on the ventrolateral surface of the brainstem. Embedded in this tract and slightly overlapping the LTTD in the rostrocaudal axis, is a population of large (20-45 micrometer) multipolar neurons that forms the nucleus reticularis caloris. Heavy terminal and preterminal degeneration in this area indicates that many of the efferent fibers of the LTTD terminate in this nucleus. A small bundle of degenerating fibers turn dorsally from the ventrolateral tract and ascend to terminate in a nucleus associated with the cerebellum, the lateral tegmental nucleus. No projection was found to any other nuclei or areas in the brain. This study demonstrates that the infrared-sensitive snakes, along with developing peripheral specializations (the pit organs), have developed specialized nuclei to handle this additional sensory information. The direct projection from the LTTD to the nucleus reticularis caloris provides a pathway linking the infrared-sensitive neurons of the LTTD with neurons of the same modality in the optic tectum. The second LTTD projection, to the lateral tegmental nucleus, suggests a connection between the infrared system and the cerebellum in these animals. PMID- 7287925 TI - The distribution of pontine projection cells in visual and association cortex of the cat: an experimental study with horseradish peroxidase. AB - The projections from the visual and association areas of the cat's neocortex to the pons were investigated with horseradish peroxidase as retrograde tracer. Small injections were made into the pars basalis of the pons, along its entire rostrocaudal extent. The cortical areas considered were areas 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and the lateral suprasylvian areas (LSA); the posterior (PMSA), and the anterior middle suprasylvian association area (AMSA), the anterior lateral association area (ALA) and the anterior suprasylvian association area (ASA). A pontine projection was found for all the areas investigated; however, areas differ in the relative strength of their projection, in their intraareal distribution of projection cells, and in the location of their projection zones within the pons. A low to moderate density of projection cells is seen in the areas 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and in PMSA. The posterior part of LSA contains only a few projection cells, whereas in more anterior parts of LSA the density of projection cells is moderate to high. A relatively dense distribution of projection cells also appears in AMSA, ALA, and ASA. In those areas which are retinotopically organized (17, 18, 19, LSA) the representation of the center of gaze contains far fewer projection cells than the representation of peripheral vision. In the association areas the distribution of projection cells appears even. The projection zones from areas 17, 18, and 19 overlap with the zones from LSA in the anterior half of the basal pons. The projection zones from areas 20 and 21 and from ALA and ASA are located in the middle third and the projection zones from PMSA and AMSA spread throughout the entire rostrocaudal extent of the basal pons. Our findings indicate that efferent impulses from the visual cortical areas and from the association areas on the middle suprasylvian gyrus are relayed to the cerebellum exclusively via the basal pontine nuclei. The findings further suggest that the visual corticopontine projections carry a map of the visual field in which the cortical magnification factor is reduced. PMID- 7287926 TI - Transplantation of tectal tissue in rats. I. Organization of transplants and pattern of distribution of host afferents within them. AB - We have examined the maturation of tectal tissue transplanted from fetal rats to the midbrain of newborns and have characterized the distribution of host retinal and cortical afferents within the transplants. The transplants develop characteristic internal order and connections which distinguish them from either embryonic cortex or retina placed in the same region. Host retinal afferents project to clearly circumscribed regions, where they synapse mainly on small dendrites or dendritic spines, and only rarely on vesicle-containing profiles. The retinorecipient areas contain few stained axons in neurofibrillar preparations and are almost always located at the surface of the transplant. There is very little overlap in the input from the two eyes into a single transplant even though the projections from each eye may lie adjacent to one another. Cortical afferents spread more broadly in the transplants, but are largely absent from areas of optic termination and from other more deeply located regions with sparse fiber staining properties. The observations suggest that when placed close to its normal location, tectal tissue can develop a number of features characteristic of normal superior colliculus. Appreciation of the internal order of the transplants makes it possible to investigate the cortical and retinal afferent pathways using physiological techniques. PMID- 7287927 TI - Onset of synapse formation in the human spinal cord. AB - The time of onset of synapse formation was examined in the cervical spinal cord of eight human embryos ranging from 4 (8 mm in crown-rump length) to 6 (22 mm) weeks of ovulation age. The first synapses were found in the motor nucleus of a 10-mm embryo (Streeter's horizon XV). They contained only a small number of synaptic vesicles and had asymmetrical membrane thickening, with thicker postsynaptic membranes than presynaptic ones. With the exception of an occasional axosomatic synapse, nearly all synapses found in a 10-mm embryo were axodendritic. In an 11-mm embryo (Streeter's horizon XVI), synapselike contacts (SLC) were found in the dorsal marginal layer. They contained a small number of synaptic vesicles and had "reversed membrane specialization" with prominent presynaptic membrane densities. The number of SLC decreased in older embryos. Judging from the morphological characteristics of membrane specializations and the temporal decrease in number, SLC are considered to be either transient synapses on the borderline cells or axoglial synapses. Synapses in the regions outside the motor nucleus first appeared in the dorsal marginal layer of a 14-mm embryo (Streeter's horizon XVII). PMID- 7287928 TI - Trigeminal projections to the superior colliculus of the rat. AB - The deep layers of the rodent superior colliculus contain a vibrissae-related organization that is in "spatial register" with the overlying visuotopic organization (Drager and Hubel, '76). The distribution of vibrissae-related afferents and their cells of origin were determined with a number of anatomical techniques. The brainstem trigeminal complex afferents to the superior colliculus terminate in the lateral portions of the strata album intermediate and griseum profundum and, to a lesser degree, in deep portions of the stratum griseum intermediate. The cells giving rise to these afferents are located mainly in the ventral portions of the contralateral principal sensory nucleus, subnucleus oralis, and subnucleus interpolaris. The majority of tectal projection cells are found in subnucleus interpolaris, and the fewest in the principal sensory nucleus. Further, the density of projection cells in the three components of the brainstem trigeminal complex can be correlated with the density of their projections to the superior colliculus. The afferents from the somatosensory cortex terminate in a continuous band in the strata album intermediate and griseum intermediate. The cells of origin of this projection are located in layer Vb of the agranular zones of the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex. The present results suggest that the organization of trigeminal afferents to the deep portion of the superior colliculus is similar to that of the visual afferents to the superficial laminae. Further, the results suggest that observations on the nature of afferent termination pattern should be made with care, considering both the techniques employed and the idiosyncrasies of the local neuropil. PMID- 7287929 TI - Synaptic termination of thalamic and callosal afferents in cingulate cortex of the rat. AB - The distribution of degenerating thalamic and callosal afferents to cingulate cortex in the rat is analyzed. Both light microscopic silver impregnation and quantitative electron microscopic techniques demonstrate differences in the form, number, and laminar distribution of these two afferents in anterior and posterior cingulate cortices. Afferents from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus terminate in area 24. Most terminals are in layer IIIb, fewer in layer Ia-b, and least in layers V and VI. In contrast, callosal afferents terminate mainly in layers Ib-c, II, IIIa, V, and VI. Thus, thalamic and callosal afferents terminate in a complementary pattern except in layers Ib and IIIb where they overlap. Quantitative analysis of degenerating axon terminals in area 24 indicates that there may be as many as seven times more callosal than mediodorsal thalamic terminals in this cortex. Projections of the anterior thalamic nuclei terminate in areas 29b and 29c, primarily in layer Ia, with fewer in layers Ib-IV and least in layers V and VI. Callosal afferents end mainly in layers V and VI and less densely in layers I-IV, which results in some overlap of thalamic and callosal afferents in layers Ic, IV, and V. In addition, patterns of termination of callosal afferents in posterior cingulate cortex change at borders between previously defined cytoarchitectural areas. Anterior thalamic terminals in area 29c differ from other thalamocortical afferents described previously in that they form two types of terminals. One is large (2-4 micrometer in diameter) and occurs mainly in layer Ia, whereas the second type is smaller and is present in layers Ib-V. Both types of terminals form asymmetric synapses mainly with dendritic spines. PMID- 7287930 TI - Afferent connections of the rostral medulla of the cat: a neural substrate for midbrain-medullary interactions in the modulation of pain. AB - In order to study the organization of the rostral medulla of the cat and its contribution to pain control mechanisms, we have examined the afferent connections of the midline nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), the laterally located nucleus reticularis magnocellularis (Rmc), and the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (Rgc) located dorsal to Rmc. Iontophoretic injections of HRP were made into the three regions; the distribution of retrogradely labeled neurons in brainstem and spinal cord was then mapped. While significant differences characterize the source of afferents to Rgc and NRM/Rmc, there is little to distinguish that between NRM and Rmc. The predominant spinal projection is to Rgc; fewer labeled neurons were recorded after injections into Rmc. In contrast, no significant direct spinal projection to NRM was found. All three regions receive input from widespread areas within the medullary and pontine reticular formation. The most pronounced differences in the distribution of retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the midbrain. The major projection to both NRM and Rmc derives from the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and from the adjacent nucleus cuneiformis. Labeled cells are concentrated in the dorsal and lateral PAG; few are found in the ventrolateral PAG. In contrast, Rgc receives few afferents from the PAG; however, after Rgc injections, many cells were recorded in the deep layers of the contralateral tectum. None of the injection sites produced significant labeling of the catecholamine-rich dorsolateral pontine tegmentum or of the nucleus raphe dorsalis. The demonstration of significant PAG projections to NRM/Rmc provides anatomical evidence for the hypothesis that opiate and stimulation-produced analgesia involves connections from PAG to neurons of NRM and Rmc which, in turn, inhibit spinal nociceptors. PMID- 7287931 TI - Projections from visual areas of the middle suprasylvian sulcus onto the lateral posterior complex and adjacent thalamic nuclei in cat. AB - The distribution of corticothalamic projections from lateral suprasylvian areas AMLS, PMLS, ALLS, and PLLS was investigated with the autoradiographic method. Areas AMLS and PMLS were both found to project retinotopically upon the medial interlaminar nucleus and the lateral and pulvinar zones of the lateral posterior complex, as well as to the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, intralaminar nuclei, and thalamic reticular complex. Retinotopic projections to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus were demonstrated from PMLS but not AMLS, and projections to zona incerta were demonstrated from AMLS but not PMLS. Areas PLLS and ALLS were both found to project retinotopically upon the interjacent zone of the lateral posterior complex, as well as to the intermediate and suprageniculate divisions of the posterior nuclear group, the magnocellular division of the medial geniculate complex, the thalamic reticular complex, and central lateral nucleus. Area ALLS was also found to project onto the dorsal division of the medial geniculate complex and lateral division of the posterior nuclear group. Differences between the four cortical areas in the pattern and density of their thalamic projections supports the parcellation of these areas as proposed by Palmer et al. ('78). The projection patterns of areas PMLS, AMLS, PLLS, and ALLS were found to respect the boundaries of the zones of the lateral posterior complex, which had been identified and defined previously (Updyke, '77), and the results thus support the hypothesis that these zones are the functional units of organization of visual traffic between the cat's extrastriate visual areas. PMID- 7287932 TI - Embryonic and postembryonic morphogenesis of a grasshopper interneuron. AB - The object of this study was to describe the embryonic and postembryonic morphogenesis of a grasshopper interneuron in order to determine how, and when, this cell comes to assume its mature form. DCMD is an intensively investigated interneuron whose morphology, input and output physiology, and role in behavior are relatively well-known in the adult. We examined the morphology of DCMD in the brain at each stage of its development with silver-intensified cobalt-fills. It arises at 40 +/- 4% of embryogenesis and is probably one of the early progeny from its stem cell. In the ensuing 40% of development, its brain arborization grows quite directly into its mature form. Branches appear first and are always longest and densest in the brain region where the adult arborization is found. Thus, the adult form arises by initially directed growth and not by secondary selection of branches from a diffuse or overgrown arborization. Restricted secondary branch loss of lateral filopodia and probably of a few early branches does occur. Embryonic and postembryonic development of the cell are distinctly different. Embryogenesis is the period of morphological differentiation as indicated by the growth and shaping of the brain and also thoracic (axonal) arborizations, the appearance of cytological specializations, and the logarithmic growth of the neurite and soma. The brain arborization has its mature form, although not size, by the completion of embryogenesis. Postembryonic development is a period of substantial, but primarily allometric, growth. The soma and neurite grow linearly (with time), and the arborization grows in proportion to brain size. PMID- 7287933 TI - Visual topography of V2 in the macaque. AB - The representation of the visual field in the area adjacent to striate cortex was mapped with multiunit electrodes in the macaque. The animals were immobilized and anesthetized and in each animal 30 to 40 electrode penetrations were typically made over several recording sessions. This area, V2, contains a topographically organized representation of the contralateral visual field up to an eccentricity of at least 80 degrees. The representation of the vertical meridian is adjacent to that in striate cortex (V1) and forms the posterior border of V2. The representation of the horizontal meridian in V2 forms the anterior border of V2 and is split so that the representation of the lower visual field is located dorsally and that of the upper field ventrally. As in V1, the representation of the central visual field is magnified relative to that of the periphery. The area of V2 is slightly smaller than that of V1. At a given eccentricity, receptive field size in V2 is larger than in V1. The myeloarchitecture of V2 is distinguishable from that of the surrounding cortex. The location of V2 corresponds, at least approximately, to that of cytoarchitectonic Area OB. V2 is bordered anteriorly by several other areas containing representations of the visual field. PMID- 7287935 TI - Observations on the organization of the visual cortex in the reeler mouse. PMID- 7287934 TI - Postembryonic production and aging in inner ear hair cells in sharks. AB - In many animals the sensory hair cells of the inner ear are ultrastructurally variable within individual epithelia. This variation has been hypothetically related to both the function and the age of the individual cells. In this study, growth-related changes in hair cell populations were examined in the macula neglecta sensory epithelia of juvenile and adult sharks. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that more than 80% of the 200,000 hair cells in the adult's macula negecta are produced postembryonically. Tritiated thymidine autoradiography and histological descriptions of the hair cells in this sound detector indicate that new sensory cells are produced in growth zones at the edges of the epithelia. The hair cells in those zones have small cell bodies, small and heterogeneous cilia complexes, and associations with small numbers of particularly thin nerve terminals. Their cytological features and their sparse innervation contrast with the features of the more numerous central cells in each epithelium, but appear to resemble the published descriptions of embryonically developing hair cells. Thus, a germinal zone at the leading edge of sensory epithelium growth appears to persist into adult life in sharks. Published reports reinterpreted in light of this evidence suggest that such hair cell population growth may be expected in other anamniotes and that latent growth zones might persist in the ears of amniotes. PMID- 7287936 TI - Ruffed cell: a new type of neuron with a distinctive initial unmyelinated portion of the axon in the olfactory bulb of the goldfish (Carassius auratus). III. Three dimensional structure of the ruffed cell dendrite. AB - The three-dimensional structure of the ruffed cell dendrite in the olfactory bulb of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) was studied by means of light and high voltage electron microscopy of Golgi-impregnated material, combined Golgi electron microscopy, and electron microscopy of serial thin sections. Ruffed cell dendrites ramify in the glomerular area with tufted branching patterns. They give rise to many appendages of various shapes and sizes: sheetlike processes, fingerlike projections, or small tuftlike appendages. These appendages, singly or together, appear to entwine or cover other neuronal processes. In thin sections ruffed cell dendritic appendages frequently look like glial processes; that is, they appear to conform in shape to the contours of surrounding neuronal elements, such as mitral and granule cell dendrites. Ruffed cell dendrites display intimate relationships with mitral cell dendrites. The former appear to coil around and cover the latter. Nothwithstanding the intimate relationship between ruffed cell dendrites and mitral cell dendrites, there seem to be no synaptic connection between them. Ruffed cell dendrites bear a rather small number of presynaptic and postsynaptic sites, most of which area with granule cell dendrites. Ruffed cell dendrites seem to receive no synapses from olfactory nerve terminals. PMID- 7287937 TI - Hypothalamic, other diencephalic, and telencephalic neurons that project to the dorsal midbrain. AB - Neurons in the hypothalamus, other diencephalic regions, and the telencephalon which project to the mesencephalic central gray (CG) and the region lateral to it were demonstrated, in the rat, by the horseradish peroxidase retrograde neuroanatomical tracing method with diaminobenzidine and tetramethyl benzidine visualization reactions. The greatest concentrations of neurons that project to the dorsal mesencephalon were found in the ventromedial nucleus, particularly the anterior and ventrolateral subdivisions, in the dorsal premammillary nucleus, and in the zona incerta. Neurons that project to or lateral to the CG were also found in the laterocaudal hypothalamus, the dorsomedial hypothalamus, regions of the anterior hypothalamic area, specific areas of the cerebral cortex (32, 29, 8, 8A, 13, 14), and the central nucleus of the amygdala. Some neurons that project were also found in the preoptic area, septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminals, and the habenula. More neurons in the mediocaudal quadrant of the hypothalamus project to the mesencephalon than do those in laterocaudal, mediorostral, or laterorostral quadrants. More neurons in the medial than the lateral half, and more in the caudal than the rostral half of the hypothalamus project to the mesencephalon. More neurons project to the central gray, or the region lateral to it, at the levels of the superior colliculus, or intercollicular region, than at the level of the inferior colliculus. These descending connections to the midbrain, particularly from the hypothalamus and zona incerta, are probably components of neural networks that regulate nociception, certain neuroendocrine functions, sexual and other behaviors, and certain autonomic functions. PMID- 7287940 TI - Sensory representation in reptilian optic tectum: some comparisons with mammals. AB - The sensory representations in the tectum of Iguana iguana were studied with electrophysiological recording techniques, and visual, somatic, and auditory cells were found to be represented here. These cells were not equally distributed throughout the tectal laminae. Upper tectal laminae were populated exclusively by visual cells, and deeper laminae were primarily nonvisual. The intermediate laminae had nonvisual, as well as visual, cells. Maps of the visual and somatic representations were constructed, and both representations were topographic and in register with no another. When electrical stimulation was presented via implanted electrodes, orientation responses were evoked that were predictable on the basis of the visuotopic and somatotopic maps. The organizational features of the iguana tectum are strikingly similar to those described in various mammalian species. It is suggested that the pattern of sensory and motor representation used in the midbrain of mammals is an ancient scheme that was retained during the transition from reptilian to mammalian forms more than 180 million years ago. PMID- 7287939 TI - Changes in the length and organization of nucleus laminaris dendrites after unilateral otocyst ablation in chick embryos. PMID- 7287941 TI - Effects of aflatoxin on pregnant hamsters and hamster foetuses. PMID- 7287938 TI - Differentiation of an identified sensory neuron (SR) and associated structures (CTO) in grasshopper embryos. AB - The differentiation of an identified sensory neuron, the grasshopper wing hinge Stretch Receptor (SR), is examined throughout embryogenesis. The morphological features of the SR axon, as it finds its path from the peripheral cell body to the CNS, and the timing of this peripheral growth were determined by intracellular injection of Lucifer yellow. The course of growth of the SR axon within the CNS and the sequence of formation of the identified branches in its characteristic central arborization were investigated by silver intensification of cobalt-stained axons. In addition, intracellular recording from the cell body of SR was used to determine the onset of electrical excitability and the characteristics of the somal action potential. A brief account of the differentiation of the closely associated wing hinge Chordotonal Organ is also given. During differentiation, the cell bodies of SR and the first wing hinge Chordotonal Organ neuron (CTN1) extended processes and migrate posteriorly along a peripheral epithelial ridge. The cell bodies migrate up to 150 micrometers with a group of undifferentiated cells to a specific site at the posterior edge of the segment. As the SR and CTN1 cell bodies migrate, their trailing axons stretch across the epithelial ridge. These axons from the medial body wall nerve (1D2) that the axons of subsequent sensory neurons follow. PMID- 7287942 TI - Immunization against Border Disease. PMID- 7287943 TI - Ameloblastoma (adamantinoma) of the mandible in the rat. PMID- 7287944 TI - Cellular changes in the Bursa of Fabricius and thymus of cyclophosphamide-treated pigeons. PMID- 7287945 TI - Analysis of skin mucus of plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. PMID- 7287946 TI - The light microscopical morphology of the skeletal muscles of normal pigs and pigs with splayleg from birth to one week of age. PMID- 7287947 TI - The ultrastructural morphology of the skeletal muscles of normal pigs and pigs with splayleg from birth to one week of age. PMID- 7287948 TI - A study of the pathology of the lungs of rats after subcutaneous or intravenous injection of active or inactive larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. PMID- 7287949 TI - Histo- and immuno-pathological studies on experimental Mycoplasma synoviae infection of the chicken. PMID- 7287950 TI - Gastric ulceration in the rabbit. PMID- 7287951 TI - Multifocal haemangioma in a pig. PMID- 7287952 TI - A microtitre radio-immunoassay for Toxoplasma gondii antibody. PMID- 7287953 TI - Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma associated with mammary adenocarcinoma in an eastern quoll Dasyurus viverrinus. PMID- 7287954 TI - Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP). A clinicopathologic study. AB - Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) was recently defined as an intensely pruritic cutaneous eruption occurring in the third trimester. We are reporting fifteen additional cases of this distinctive eruption. The lesions began in the third trimester in all but two patients. The rash consisted of a symmetric eruption of papules, urticarial lesions, and some erythema multiforme like target lesions. Histologic examination showed a mild nonspecific lymphohistiocytic perivasculitis. Moderate or intense pruritus was present in all but one case. The abdomen and proximal extremities were most commonly involved, but two patients had lesions only on the lower legs. Clearing occurred prior to delivery (five cases), within 1 week of delivery (nine cases), and at 6 weeks postpartum (one case). The pruritus was decreased with topical corticosteroids and diphenhydramine in all cases except one. Fetal wastage did not occur. Subsequent pregnancies were uneventful in two patients. PUPPP is a benign dermatosis of pregnancy which resolves spontaneously or with delivery. PMID- 7287955 TI - Congenital acral melanocytic nevi clinically stimulating acral lentiginous melanoma. AB - Three cases of congenital acral melanocytic nevi with unusual clinical characteristics are reported. In all of the cases the surface changes and their growth were clinically suggestive of acral lentiginous melanoma, but biopsies revealed their benign nature. This exceptional presentation of congenital acral melanocytic nevi merits recognition by physicians and underscores the need for histologic diagnosis prior to definitive surgery in any cases suspected of being malignant melanoma. PMID- 7287956 TI - The human sunburn reaction: histologic and biochemical studies. AB - The ultraviolet-induced erythema reaction was investigated histologically and biochemically in four subjects, utilizing suction blister aspirates, analyzed for histamine and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and Epon-embedded 1-mu skin biopsy sections from control skin and from irradiated skin at intervals for 72 hours after exposure to a Hanovia lamp. Major histologic alterations in the epidermis included dyskeratotic and vacuolated keratinocytes (sunburn cells), and disappearance of Langerhans cells. In the dermis the major changes were vascular, involving both the superficial and deep venular plexuses. Endothelial cell enlargement was first apparent within 30 minutes of irradiation, peaked at 24 hours, and persisted throughout the 72-hour study period. Mast cell degranulation and associated perivenular edema were first apparent at 1 hour and striking at the onset of erythema, 3 to 4 hours postirradiation; edema was absent and mast cells were again normal in number and granule content at 24 hours. Histamine levels rose approximately fourfold above control values immediately after the onset of erythema and returned to baseline within 24 hours. PGE2 levels were statistically elevated even before the onset of erythema and reached approximately 150% of the control value at 24 hours. These data provide the first evidence that histamine may mediate the early phase of the human sunburn reaction and increase our understanding of its complex histologic and biochemical sequelae. PMID- 7287957 TI - Pheomycotic cyst in an immunosuppressed host. PMID- 7287958 TI - Carpet beetle dermatitis. AB - A 22-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of recurrent urticarial and papulovesicular lesions. Careful history suggested a close examination of his environment. The woolen rug in his bedroom was infested with larvae of a carpet beetle. The insect was identified as Anthrenus verbasci. Fumigation of the house with sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane) resulted in complete clinical recovery. Intradermal injection of the antigenic extract from the larvae showed a wheal and erythema on the patient's skin, and not on normal controls. This suggests that the patient had immediate-type hypersensitivity to some of the antigens extracted from larvae. Electron microscopic pictures of the insect are presented. PMID- 7287959 TI - Percutaneous penetration of dipyrithione in man: effect of skin color (race). AB - A single chemical dose of dipyrithione (2,2'-dithiobispyridine-1,1'-dioxide), 4 or 12 micrograms/cm(2) (containing 1 micro Ci of 2-6-14C material), was applied to the ventral forearm (intact skin, methyl alcohol vehicle [MeOH]), forehead (intact and stripped skin; cosmetic cream and MeOH vehicle), and scalp (intact and stripped skin; shampoo and MeOH vehicle) of human (white and black) volunteers. The urinary excretion of 14C was measured over the 7-day study period. Percutaneous penetration data were corrected for incomplete urinary recovery using data from intravenous studies (Wedig et al). The results obtained in this study suggested: (1) means from the complete analysis indicated 34% less (p less than 0.02) absorbed by blacks; (2) less was absorbed by blacks than whites when seven out of seven means were compared within groups (p less than 0.02); (3) a difference (p less than 0.03) in penetration, blacks 47% lower than whites, between a cosmetic cream vehicle vs MeOH on the forehead; (4) on the scalp (MeOH vs shampoo vehicle) more was absorbed using MeOH (p less than 0.02); (5) no evidence of a significant difference in penetration was noted when (a) the various anatomic sites were compared or (b) intact skin was compared with stripped skin. PMID- 7287960 TI - Skin type, minimal erythema dose (MED), and sunlight acclimatization. AB - Minimal erythema doses (MEDs) of individuals with different skin types were compared. Each skin type was shown to be statistically different from each other skin type in terms of sunburn sensitivity. Individuals of each skin type who primarily stayed indoors were compared with those who attempted to be outdoors. In the winter there was no difference between the sunburn sensitivity (MEDs) of these groups. During the summer, those who went outdoors were more resistant to sunburn than those who stayed indoors. In effect, acclimatization makes an individual respond to sunlight like a less sensitive skin type. However, acclimatization appears transitory, and benefits can be lost within a month or two. PMID- 7287961 TI - Lennert's lymphoma presenting with clusters of cutaneous infection. AB - We recently diagnosed and studied a case of Lennert's lymphoma in a young black man who presented with a chronic pyoderma and multiple cutaneous infections of viral origin. Lennert's lymphoma, or malignant lymphoma with a high content of epithelioid histiocytes, is an uncommon variant of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This report highlights the role of idiopathic immunosuppression in lymphoma patients. PMID- 7287962 TI - Prevention. PMID- 7287963 TI - The current extent of "direct access" utilization. PMID- 7287964 TI - Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma syndrome in young homosexual men. PMID- 7287965 TI - Sunburn. PMID- 7287966 TI - Herpes simplex infections with T cell lymphoma. PMID- 7287967 TI - Herald patch in a DPT injection site. PMID- 7287968 TI - Epinephrine desensitization of adenylate cyclase from cyc- and S49 cultured lymphoma cells. AB - The characteristics of the specific beta-adrenergic desensitization of adenylate cyclase from the adenylate cyclase deficient lymphoma cell line (cyc-) and the wild type S49 (WT) are presented in detail in this report. We have previously shown that the cyc- adenylate cyclase desensitized with 1-3 hr pretreatment of the cells with the beta-adrenergic agonist epinephrine. Adenylate cyclase of cyc- was measured after reconstitution with cholate extracts of the coupling proteins (G/F) from WT. We have now demonstrated that: (i) the initial epinephrine-induced desensitization of adenylate cyclase from either cyc- or WT was similar and occurred rapidly, with a half-life of approximately 2 min, although WT desensitized to a greater extent with prolonged hormone treatment (18 hr pretreatment of cyc- or WT with 0.1 mM terbutaline resulted in a 92% desensitization of the WT adenylate cyclase and only a 48% desensitization of cyc ); (ii) the 60 min epinephrine desensitization of cyc- was reversed after addition of propranolol and continued (40-60 min) incubation, while that of WT was only partially reversed; (iii) similar concentrations of epinephrine (0.2-0.4 muM) were required for half-maximal desensitization of both cell lines; and (iv) the Kact for epinephrine stimulation of reconstituted adenylate cyclase from cyc- or WT was increased after a 1 hr desensitization with 10 muM epinephrine. Kact was approximately 5-fold less than the half-maximal concentration required for desensitization. The data support the conclusion that the mechanisms of the rapid, reversible specific beta-adrenergic desensitization of adenylate cyclase in cyc- and WT cells are similar and occur independently of the G/F proteins of the adenylate cyclase complex, whereas the slower, apparently irreversible phase of desensitization occurs only in WT. PMID- 7287970 TI - Life events and two-year outcome in schizophrenia. PMID- 7287969 TI - Guanine nucleotide binding sites, responsible for adenylate cyclase activation and carbamylcholine binding inhibition, show similar properties in rat heart membranes. AB - 1/ In rat heart membranes, muscarinic receptors were shown to interact with guanine nucleotide binding sites closely related, if not identical, to those activating adenylate cyclase. The dose-effect curves of GTP, p[NH]ppG, and GTP gamma S for inhibition of carbamylcholine binding (measured by competition with [3H]QNB) and for adenylate cyclase activation (measured in the presence of isoproterenol) were parallel, at both 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C. 2/ Persistent activation of adenylate cyclase was obtained in heart membranes preincubated with p[NH]ppG or GTP gamma S then washed. The affinity for carbamylcholine was reduced after this pretreatment. The SO.5 of p[NH]ppG and GTP gamma S provoking persistent activation of adenylate cyclase and persistent inhibition of carbamylcholine binding were identical. Persistent inhibition of carbamylcholine binding was not additive with the inhibition observed when fresh nucleotide was added after washing. With p[NH]ppG, SO.5 values were unaffected by washing. With GTP gamma S, the SO.5 value for persistent activation of adenylate cyclase (i.e. after washing) and 330 times higher than that implementing activation (i.e. before washing). A similar change was observed when testing the SO.5 of GTP gamma S inhibition of carbamylcholine binding. This might reflect a partial release of GTP gamma S (but not of p[NH]ppG) from "spare" nucleotide binding sites during the washing period. 3/ Adenylate cyclase activity after maximal persistent activation was not increased when 0.1 mM guanine nucleotide, with or without 10 muM isoproterenol, was added to the incubation medium. In contrast, carbamylcholine binding was further decreased when fresh guanine nucleotide was added to the binding assay. This suggests that the proportion of "spare" nucleotide binding sites capable of activating the adenylate cyclase was higher than that capable to inhibit carbamylcholine binding, or that a second class of nucleotide binding sites (binding p[NH]ppG and GTP gamma S reversibly) was also able to inhibit carbamylcholine binding. PMID- 7287971 TI - Effects of cognitive and behavioral group treatment on the depressive symptomatology of Puerto Rican women. PMID- 7287972 TI - A competency-based parent training program for child abusers. PMID- 7287973 TI - Depression, schizophrenia, and social attraction. PMID- 7287974 TI - Self-efficacy and relapse in smoking cessation programs. PMID- 7287975 TI - Self-help books and amount of therapist contact in smoking cessation programs. PMID- 7287976 TI - An economical method for the evaluation of general intelligence in adults. PMID- 7287978 TI - Dimensions of stress in early parenting. PMID- 7287977 TI - Child and parent weight loss in family-based behavior modification programs. PMID- 7287979 TI - The many faces of hyperactivity: similarities and differences in diagnostic policies. PMID- 7287980 TI - Social adjustment in victims of sexual assault. PMID- 7287981 TI - Alcohol-related expectancies: defined by phase of intoxication and drinking experience. PMID- 7287982 TI - Order effects on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery and allied procedures. PMID- 7287983 TI - Critique of Cross, Sheehan, and Khan's "Alternative advice and counsel in psychotherapy". PMID- 7287984 TI - In defense of alternative advice and counsel and the ways in which it can be researched. PMID- 7287985 TI - Factor analysis of WISC-R scores of male delinquents referred for evaluation. PMID- 7287986 TI - Predictive and concurrent validity of the Jesness Inventory Asocial Index: when does a delinquent become a delinquent? PMID- 7287987 TI - Identification of neuropsychological deficits in epilepsy using the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. PMID- 7287988 TI - One-year follow-up of concrete versus conceptual cognitive-behavioral self control training. PMID- 7287989 TI - Treatment of depression among Cuban American elders: some validational evidence for a life enhancement counseling approach. PMID- 7287990 TI - Validity of the Luria-Nebraska Intellectual Processes Scale as a measure of adult intelligence. PMID- 7287992 TI - Prediction of marital distress: a 5-year follow-up. PMID- 7287991 TI - Differences between social skills therapists and psychotherapists in treating depression. PMID- 7287993 TI - Social support and parental adjustment to pediatric cancer. PMID- 7287994 TI - Detecting mild brain impairment using the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. PMID- 7287995 TI - Visual memory of male Hispanic-American heroin addicts. PMID- 7287996 TI - Assessment of suicide ideation and parasuicide: hopelessness and social desirability. PMID- 7287997 TI - Effect of face flies on grazing time and weight gain in dairy heifers. PMID- 7287998 TI - Effects of house flies on weight gains and feed efficiency on yearling heifers on finishing rations. PMID- 7287999 TI - Effects of training in sentence construction on the comprehension of learning disabled children. PMID- 7288000 TI - Temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia: comparison of reaction time deficits. PMID- 7288001 TI - Effects of attributions for success on the alleviation of learned helplessness and depression. PMID- 7288002 TI - The development of the self-schema in adult depression. PMID- 7288003 TI - Depression and attributional style: interpretations of important personal events. PMID- 7288004 TI - Self-concepts of institutionalized adolescents: a framework for conceptualizing labeling effects. PMID- 7288005 TI - Socioeconomic status, IQ, and delinquency. PMID- 7288006 TI - Qualitative differences in manifest object representations: implications for a multidimensional model of psychological functioning. PMID- 7288007 TI - Comment on "Input capability and speed of processing in mental retardation" by Saccuzzo, Kerr, Marcus and Brown. PMID- 7288008 TI - Input capability and speed of processing in mental retardation: a reply to Stanovich and Purcell. PMID- 7288009 TI - Comments on voluntarism: reply to Penk and Robinowitz. PMID- 7288010 TI - We agree: a rejoinder from Penk and Robinowitz to Sutker and Allain. PMID- 7288011 TI - Neuropsychological impairment in female alcoholics: replication and extension. PMID- 7288012 TI - Verbal mediation deficits: relation to behavior and achievement in children. PMID- 7288013 TI - Memory failures in progressive idiopathic dementia. PMID- 7288014 TI - Abstraction and the use of available information by schizophrenic and normal individuals. PMID- 7288015 TI - Matched tasks for measuring single-word, referent communication: the performance of patients with schizophrenic and affective disorders. PMID- 7288016 TI - Depression-related cognitions: antecedent or consequence? PMID- 7288017 TI - Alcohol consumption as a self-handicapping strategy. PMID- 7288018 TI - Recall and recognition memory during posthypnotic amnesia: a failure to confirm the disrupted-search hypothesis and the memory disorganization hypothesis. PMID- 7288019 TI - First-, second-, and third-order factors from the Children's Behavioral Classification Project Instrument and an attempt at rapprochement. PMID- 7288020 TI - On Saccuzzo's reply. PMID- 7288021 TI - An assessment of long-term reaction to rape. PMID- 7288022 TI - Expectancy and pharmacological effects of alcohol on human cognitive and motor performance: the compensation for alcohol effect. PMID- 7288023 TI - Vowel height and the perception of consonant nasality. AB - By means of an articulatory synthesizer, the perception of the oral-nasal distinction in consonants was explored experimentally. This distinction was chosen because it is achieved by a very simple articulatory maneuver and because it is phonologically relevant in virtually every language. Lowering the velum in equal increments provided continua of CV syllables varying in size of velopharyngeal port which were divided perceptually into /d/ and /n/ categories by American English listeners. To test the hypothesis that the coarticulation of these nasal consonants with lower (more open) vowels requires a larger area of velopharyngeal coupling to give a nasal consonant precept, three oral-nasal continua incorporating the vowels /i/, /delta/, and /alpha/, respectively, were presented for identification. The results were compared with those of A. S. House and K. N. Stevens [J. Speech Hear. Disord. 21, 218-232 (1956)] and A. S. House [J. Speech Hear. Disord. 22, 190-204 (1957)] obtained with steady-state vowels and consonantal murmurs and with those of M. H. L. Hecker [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 179-188 (1962)]. Three conclusions emerged. First, the relationship between vowel height and the amount of velopharyngeal coupling needed for a nasal precept occurs in conditions where subjects are required to make linguistically relevant judgments. Second, the relationship can arise in conditions where vocalic coarticulation is present. Third, the relationship is not confined to vowels but can also be observed in the case of dynamically articulated consonants. One of the continua was also used for discrimination experiments, which yielded the classical pattern of high discriminability at the category boundary. PMID- 7288024 TI - Relations between auditory functions in normal hearing. AB - The relations among a number of auditory functions were studied by concentration on small interindividual differences in these functions. For this purpose a battery of 12 tests was applied to 50 normal-hearing subjects. The tests included absolute threshold, auditory bandwidth measured with comb-filtered noise in direct and in forward masking, psychophysical tuning curve both in direct and in forward masking, temporal integration measured with intensity-modulated noise, forward- and backward-masking curves, cubic-difference-tone strength, and lateral suppression. In all cases the test frequency was 1000 Hz. Among the relations found, are (1) a positive correlation between the shift of the steep edge of the tuning curve, away from the probe frequency, and the width of the auditory filter as measured with comb-filtered noise, (2) an inverse relation between the width of the tuning curve and the width of the temporal window, and (3) a positive correlation between the width of the auditory filter and the strength of the cubic difference tone. Low correlations among tests were not caused by poor test reliability. PMID- 7288025 TI - The effect of occluded ear impedances on the eardrum SPL produced by hearing aids. AB - The purpose of the investigation was to determine the effect of eardrum and earmold impedance on eardrum sound pressure level (SPL) produced by a hearing aid receiver. Acoustic interactions between receivers and ears occurring at receiver resonances were explored and analyzed. Results with ear simulators showed that the effect of simulator eardrum impedance was increased in regions where ear and receiver impedance approached each other during resonances. Earmold acoustics were also significant factors at frequencies where their impedance were comparable to ear impedances. Resonant frequency shifts of 540 Hz in the region between 800 and 1500 Hz were observed for the range of simulator eardrum and earmold impedances employed, with SPL changes of 10 dB occurring at some frequencies. Results were different for each of the five receivers tested confirming the effect of the receiver characteristics on the eardrum SPL. A subsequent test was performed using real ears with results that agreed substantially with those obtained with the simulators. PMID- 7288026 TI - Temporary threshold shifts produced by wideband noise. AB - Groups of human subjects were exposed in a sound field to a wideband noise for 24 or for 8 h on consecutive days. The wideband noise was composed of octave bands centered at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. For the 24-h exposure, temporary threshold shift (TSS) increased for about 8 h and then reached a plateau or asymptote. TTS's at asymptote (ATS) increased about 1.7 dB/dB increase in noise level above about 78 dBA. TTS produced by single-octave band exposures were used to predict the TTS produced by the wideband exposures. Predictions were based on the "Intensity Rule" [W. D. Ward, A. Glorig, and D. L. Sklar, "Temporary threshold shift from octave-band noise: Applications to DRC's," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 31, 522 528 (1959)]. Predictions were acceptably accurate and the validity of the "Intensity Rule" for 24-h exposures or 8-h exposures is supported. There is a remarkable coincidence between the relation which describes ATS and noise level, and the relation which describes noise-induced permanent threshold shift (in industrial workers) and noise level. This coincidence and animal data are used to support the hypothesis that TTS grows to an asymptote rather than a plateau, and that TTS at asymptote (ATS) produced by a given sound is an upper bound on any permanent threshold shift that can be produced by that sound. PMID- 7288027 TI - Identification of local and propagating distortion products from cochlear microphonic responses. AB - Careful measurements show that sound pressures of 40 dB re 20 mu N/m2 are sufficient to reveal two varieties of well-behaved, nonlinear distortion products in the cochlear microphonic (CM). The first variety appears in the primary-tone area and is designated as a local CM distortion product. The second type exists apical to the primary-tone area and is identical to the mechanically propagated distortion seen in the phase-locked responses of primary auditory nerve fibers. The existence of the propagating distortion product forces the conclusion that there must be a mechanical contribution to the local "CM" distortion product as well. The intrusion of nonlinear mechanical responses at such low levels (less than 40 dB SPL) indicates that the effective mechanical input to the hair cells may be nonlinear over most of the audible range. An important but unanswered question is the range over which the transducer characteristic of CM could be effectively linear, for that would determine whether CM could be used to probe mechanical nonlinear effects in the primary tone area. PMID- 7288028 TI - Cochlear model including three-dimensional fluid and four modes of partition flexibility. AB - The WKB solution is developed for the analysis of a straight box cochlear model which includes four modes of partition displacement, simulating the motion of the bony shelf and arches of Corti, as well as the pectinate zone of the basilar membrane. The theory is similar to that previously used for the 1-mode model with scalar quantities now replaced by 4-vectors. Calculations are carried out for the guinea pig cochlea with stiffness computed mainly from the anatomy and assumed physiological values for the materials. Results show that the stiffness is such that the amplitude and phase of the basilar membrane response are not significantly altered from those given by the 1-mode model. For primates and some other mammals, the bony shelf is substantially weaker than in the guinea pig and causes a much more rapid accumulation of phase along the basilar membrane. Thus, with anatomically and physiologically consistent parameters, the model yields good correlation in phase and amplitude with the in vivo measurements which have been made in the squirrel monkey by Rhode [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64, 158-176 (1978)] as well as in the guinea pig by Wilson and Johnstone [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 57, 705-723 (1975)] and Rhode [Basic Mechanisms in Hearing (Academic, New York, 1973), pp. 49-63]. PMID- 7288029 TI - Effect of probe duration on psychoacoustical tuning curves obtained in forward masking. AB - The duration of the probe affects the sharpness of tuning of psychoacoustical tuning curves obtained in forward masking. With probes of less than 30 ms, a major factor appears to be the increase in the frequency spread of spectral energy with decreasing duration. Even with low-level probes, the redistribution of energy within the mainlobe of the spectrum is considerable and increases off frequency listening. PMID- 7288031 TI - Ultrasonic visualization of tongue motion during speech. AB - A real-time ultrasonic imaging system has been developed to visualize dynamic motions of the tongue during continuous speech. Lingual motion configurations are displayed and recorded synchronously with the speech signal, time in milliseconds, and frontal and lateral views of the face during articulation. All data are videotaped and stored permanently for analysis. Data on the vertical movement of the tongue surface was obtained on 30 normal adult speakers. This technique seems to provide a useful, noninvasive technique for quantifying tongue position during speech utterances and possibly has potential as a clinical tool. PMID- 7288030 TI - Developmental differences in identifying and discriminating CV syllables. AB - The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether age-related differences would be observed for identification and discrimination of synthesized, five formant CV syllables among listeners who showed equal performance scores on a standard clinical test of speech understanding. A second question concerned the relations between performance on identification and discrimination tasks as a function of age. Two 13-item continua that varied in the place of articulation feature ([ba, da, ga]) were used; they differed primarily in the presence of absence of a 5-ms noise burst at the consonant onset. Digitized natural speech syllables were also employed in one experimental task. Strong age effects were obtained for the three tasks--identification of syllables, adaptive estimation of "ba, da-" and "da, ga-" boundaries, and discrimination. With the exception of one condition for six-year-olds, only adults showed significant differences between boundaries and just noticeable differences. Minimal differences were obtained in responses to stimuli with and without initial bursts. Across ages there were no significant differences in the subjects' ability to label the synthesized syllables as compared to the natural speech stimuli. Possible explanations for the observed developmental effects are discussed. PMID- 7288032 TI - Lateralization of jittered tones. AB - Lateralization thresholds based on differences in interaural arrival time have been measured for jittered 4-kHz tones. The results are in good agreement with those of other authors obtained with bandpass noise as well as with AM and FM signals. However, thresholds are about two orders of magnitude higher than those of Nordmark [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 870-880 (1976)] obtained with jittered tones. These results suggest an explanation of the lateralization of jittered tones and other FM signals on the basis of an hypothesized FM-to-AM conversion which may take place peripherally. PMID- 7288033 TI - Acoustic trauma: single neuron basis for the "half-octave shift". AB - Exposure to an intense pure tone can induce a loss of hearing sensitivity. If this loss recovers, then the desensitization is regarded as a temporary threshold shift (TTS). At the single auditory neuron level this TTS was monitored as a loss of sensitivity at the neuron's most sensitive or characteristic frequency (CF). When pure-tone exposures were presented at frequency intervals measured from the neuron CF, then a frequency half an octave below the CF was the most effective for inducing a CF TTS. All exposure frequencies higher than half an octave below the CF produce a marked reduction in TTS growth with intensity, when compared to lower exposure frequencies. This behavior is such that, with increasing exposure frequency higher than the -1/2-octave point, the intensity needed to produce a given TTS grew faster than the neuron sensitivity. However, below the -1/2-octave point all exposure frequencies were similarly behaved. Strong similarities exist between the frequency-specific requirements for TTS and the mechanical and neural nonlinearities found in other studies. This suggests that the half-octave shift may well be a direct result of basilar membrane nonlinearities. PMID- 7288034 TI - Computing auditory fatigue of the whole nerve action potential. AB - Fatigue at the level of the VIII nerve is often calculated through the measurement of the whole nerve action potential (AP). The losses have been quantified by calculating the dB shift required to record a criterion AP voltage or by determining the ratio of the pre- and post-exposure AP voltages at a constant probe intensity. The issue raised here is whether the two methods produce similar AP losses. Fifteen rats were exposed to a 6000-Hz pure tone at either 100, 105, or 110 dB SPL for five minutes. Input-output functions were determined at five probe frequencies prior to and following exposure. When the probe intensity (i.e., AP voltage) was low, AP losses appeared greater when the AP fatigue was computed at a constant intensity. This trend was reversed at higher probe levels. These results are explained on the basis of the growth behavior of the AP. PMID- 7288035 TI - Detection of binaural signals partially masked by a reproducible noise maker: the influence of the phase angle alpha. AB - The present experiment was an attempt to examine the detectability of partially masked tonal signals in a background of masking noise in both homophasic and masking conditions as the angle of addition between the signal and masker was manipulated. In the present study, the masking noises were samples of reproducible ("frozen") noise. PMID- 7288036 TI - Series or parallel filtering in the cochlea? PMID- 7288037 TI - Auditory filter shapes derived in simultaneous and forward masking. AB - In this paper we describe a method for comparing frequency selectivity in simultaneous and forward masking. The method is designed to eliminate off frequency listening, which may have had a confounding influence in earlier studies. Thresholds for 1-kHz sinusoidal signals were measured as a function of the width of a spectral notch, centered at 1 kHz, a noise masker. In experiment I thresholds were measured in forward masking for signal durations of 5, 15, and 45 ms, with a noise spectrum level of 40 dB SPL/Hz. Thresholds decreased with increasing notch width for all signal durations. However, the change was more gradual at longer signal durations. This is consistent with a model in which the process of decay of masking follows the auditory filter. For each signal duration, threshold was also measured as a function of the level of a noise without a spectral notch. Each signal threshold for the notch-noise condition was then expressed as the level of a flat-spectrum noise which would give the same masking. When transformed in this way, the data for the three signal durations coincide, and can be interpreted in terms of the same auditory filter. In experiment II the 5-ms signals, whose level was fixed, followed the masker with delays of 5, 15, or 25 ms. The noise spectrum level was varied to find threshold. The change in threshold with notch width was independent of signal delay, confirming that the process of decay of masking follows the auditory filter. Experiment III showed that short-term spectral changes produced by differences in the shapes of the envelopes of signal and masker did not influence the results. In experiment IV thresholds for a 5-ms signal were measured in simultaneous and forward masking, both for a fixed noise level and for a fixed signal level. The derived auditory filters are similar for the two types of measure for each type of masking. However, the auditory filters derived in forward masking have bandwidths 17% smaller and slopes 48% greater than those in simultaneous masking. The differences between simultaneous and forward masking are interpreted in terms of suppression. PMID- 7288038 TI - Signal and masker uncertainty in intensity discrimination. AB - Intensity discrimination thresholds were assessed in a series of experiments. Signals were in-phase increments in the level of one component of a multitone masker. The main parameters of interest were the effects of signal uncertainty (which frequency is tested on a given trial) and masker uncertainty (which components were selected as the multitone masker on a given trial). Thresholds were measured as a function of signal frequency, number of components, and amount of overall changes in masker level. The results suggest a form of profile processing, in which the signal is detected by comparing levels in adjacent critical bands. Such a mechanism will account for the relatively small effects generally observed with signal uncertainty, for masker uncertainty showing larger effects on thresholds than signal uncertainty, and for the near constancy of signal threshold despite large (60 dB) fluctuations in overall level of the stimulus in the two intervals of the forced-choice trial. PMID- 7288039 TI - Measurement of the acoustic input immittance of the human ear. AB - A method is presented for measuring acoustic immittance (admittance or impedance) in the human ear canal and its validity is demonstrated for frequencies from 62 Hz to 4 kHz. Special attention is given to estimating the residual ear-canal space between the eardrum and the tip of the measuring device; estimates were determined, in part, using immittances measured with static pressures applied in the ear canal. Immittance estimates at the eardrum are reported for four normal subjects. Below 500 Hz, the immittance is compliance dominated. Our averaged compliance equivalent to 0.70 cc agrees with that reported by others. From 1 to 4 kHz, the immittance is resistance dominated. Our resistance values exceed those generally reported previously; they are, however, similar to those of Mehrgardt and Mellert [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 61, 1567--1576 (1977)] and to values suggested from analysis of other acoustical measurements on the external ear. PMID- 7288040 TI - Rate-versus-intensity functions and related AP responses in normal and pathological guinea pig and human cochleas. AB - Cochlear fiber discharge rate-versus-intensity functions, across frequency, have been measured in pathological guinea pig cochleas (ototoxic antibiotic poisoning) and compared with the normal animal. The frequency dependence of the slopes of these functions is reduced in cochlear pathology which results in minimum threshold elevations of more than 50 dB, i.e., there is a reduction in this frequency dependent nonlinearity. The rate functions at characteristic frequency (CF) become abnormally steep (e.g., 4--5 spikes/s/dB compared with a normal 1--2 spikes/s/dB), and comparable to those of the low-frequency tail region of normal cochlear fibers. The CF dynamic range is reduced from 30--40 to 10--15 dB in cochlear pathology. The fiber study has been confirmed by (and has confirmed) a method of indirect measurement of rate functions from AP suppression-versus intensity functions using a pure-tone forward masking paradigm [Abbas and Gorga, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 69, 492--499 (1981)]. This method has been used in normal and pathological guinea pigs, and the results parallel the single fiber study. In addition, AP suppression functions, across frequency, have been obtained in human subjects with (near) normal hearing thresholds, and in patients with sensorineural hearing loss of cochlear origin, during transtympanic electrocochleography. The AP suppression curves in pathology indicate, as for the animal studies, a loss of the frequency dependency of the rate function slopes, and predict steep rate functions at CF (and thus reduced dynamic range) in cochlear deafness. The findings are related to loudness recruitment. PMID- 7288041 TI - Physiological and psychophysical measures from humans with temporary threshold shift. AB - Tuning curves and amplitude-intensity functions on wave I and wave V of the auditory-evoked brain stem response and psychophysical tuning curves were obtained from human subjects (N = 5) with noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS). All tuning curves were measured with the same stimuli. Maskers were pure tones presented simultaneously with the signal which was a 3.6-kHz tone pip. TTS was produced by a narrow-band noise centered at 2.6 kHz and presented at 86 dB SPL for 8 h. The maximum mean TTS was 28 dB and occurred at 3.5 kHz. Although intersubject variability of TTS was small, individual differences in other measurements were substantial. In some subjects, amplitudes of waves I and V decreased following the noise exposure with wave I typically being more affected, while in other subjects, little or no change in amplitude occurred. All tuning curves had wider response areas following noise exposure. In a given subject, changes in psychophysical and wave V tuning curves were similar and were less than changes measured for wave I. Recovery of tuning curves (low- and high frequency side) to pre-exposure values required between 7 and 41 h depending upon the individual and preceded complete recovery of TTS. PMID- 7288043 TI - Recognition of vowels from information in fricatives: perceptual evidence of fricative-vowel coarticulation. AB - Four studies investigated the perceptual effects of spectral variations in fricatives produced in different vowel contexts. The alveolar and palatal fricatives, [s, z, integral of, 3], were produced by two talkers in the context of the vowels [a, i, u], generating 12 fricative-vowel combinations. A computer controlled editing procedure was used to excise fricative segments of 150-ms duration, as measured back from vowel onset. These excised segments were used as test stimuli in the four experiments. In the first experiment, fricative identification was highly accurate, especially for segments produced in the [a] context. The results of the subsequent three vowel identification experiments, revealed that the high vowels [i] and [u] were identified 60%--80% of the time in all fricative contexts, with the exception of [i] produced in the context of [integral of]. In contrast, identification scores for [a] were close to chance in all fricative contexts. Acoustic analyses of the stimuli revealed that the fricative segments with high vowel identification scores exhibited clear evidence of spectral changes associated with the vowels, while those segments with the highest fricative identification scores exhibited spectra most similar to fricatives produced in isolation. These results, in combination with more extensive acoustic analyses [S. D. Soli, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 70, 976--984 (1981)] are discussed in terms of variations in the articulatory compatibility of tongue movements required to produce fricative-vowel sequences. PMID- 7288042 TI - Discrimination of voice onset time in infancy. AB - In an effort to determine whether infants can discriminate speech sounds on the basis of a single acoustic cue, timing onset of periodic voicing, two experiments were conducted employing synthetic speech sounds. Naturally produced syllable pairs were also used for comparison. In the first experiment infants evidenced discrimination of a naturally produced /ba/ versus /pa/ pair and a naturally /du/ versus /tu/ pair. In addition, infants discriminated a synthetic /ba/ versus /pa/ contrast that was cued by several acoustic differences in addition to timing onset of periodic voicing but failed to evidence an ability to discriminate a synthetic /du/ versus /tu/ contrast that contained flat first formants and differed only in timing onset of periodic voicing. A second experiment was conducted in which infants once again evidenced discrimination of naturally produced /du/ versus /tu/ stimuli but not of synthetic /du/ versus /tu/ stimuli containing slight first-formant transitions. These results suggest that timing onset of periodic voicing alone may not be a sufficient cue for infant discrimination of English voicing contrasts. PMID- 7288044 TI - Some results on lateral suppression obtained in a partial-masking lateralization paradigm. AB - Results were reported of psychophysical forward-masking experiments using a lateralization method. A general interpretation of masking was given, considering masking to be the combined result of three different mechanisms: the overlap mechanism, the adaptation mechanism, and the suppression mechanism. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use of the lateralization method in a masking experiment. Masking was measured in a band-widening experiment using a test tone frequency of 3 kHz, which is the center frequency of the masking noise. It was found that the effect of the suppression mechanism depends in a complex way on the difference between masker level and test tone level, as does the bandwidth at which maximum masking occurs. These level effects could be described qualitatively by means of nonlinear excitation patterns. PMID- 7288045 TI - The 102nd Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. Miami Beach, Florida, 30 November-4 December 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7288046 TI - Comparison of vespid venoms collected by electrostimulation and by venom sac extraction. AB - Venoms of three vespid species, yellow jacket, bald-faced hornet, and yellow hornet, obtained by either electrostimulation of venom sac extraction were compared with regard to their enzymatic activity, antigenicity, and allergenicity. Phospholipase a, phospholipase B, and hyaluronidase enzymatic activities were present in all six preparations. The activity of venom sac extracts lay in the range found in different batches of venoms obtained by electrostimulation for each species. Analysis of sera from vespid-sensitive patients in the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) with discs coupled with either venom sac extracts or venoms obtained by electrostimulation showed a good correlation of the results within all three species (r = 0.95). In RAST inhibition the potency of venom sac extracts and venom obtained by electrostimulation was similar for each species. Analysis of rabbit antisera to the six preparations revealed similar patterns in immunoelectrophoresis and identity reactions between the major antigens within each species. Tissue protein contamination was detected in all venom sac extracts but not in venoms obtained by electrostimulation. PMID- 7288047 TI - Mediator release in local heat urticaria. AB - We described the sixteenth reported case of local heat urticaria, in a 59-yr-old woman with erythema and angioedema upon contact with hot water or outdoor heat exposure. Immersing her hand in 39 degrees to 40 degrees C heated water resulted in an erythematous, angioedematous response sharply demarcated by the line of immersion and was associated with immediate increases in histamine concentration (18 to 135 ng/ml) and high molecular weight neutrophil chemotactic activity (two to five times prechallenge levels) in venous blood draining the challenge site. We suggest that the local heat urticarial response in this woman was a form of physical urticaria associated with release of mast cell-derived mediators, akin to cold and cholinergic urticaria. PMID- 7288048 TI - Allergy to murine antigens in a biological research institute. AB - Symptomatic and immunologic responses to allergens from laboratory mice were studied in a research institute. Subjects who had been exposed to mice and 50 unexposed subjects were studied by questionnaire and by prick tests with seven prevalent aeroallergens and allergens from mouse urine and pelts. Of the 121 exposed subjects, 39 (32.2%) had respiratory, ocular, or cutaneous symptoms after exposure to mice; occurrence of these symptoms correlated with positive skin tests to purified mouse urinary proteins (MUP) and pelt allergens from CBA/H mice. Serum levels of IgG antibodies correlated with the frequency of mouse exposure. In subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis, nasal symptoms from exposure to mice, positive prick tests to MUP, and IgE antibodies to MUP were significantly more prevalent. The possibility of genetic influences on susceptibility to mouse allergy were also suggested by a negative association between the incidence of HLA-DRW6 and positive prick-test responses to urinary proteins from C57BL and BALB/c mice among the 54 subjects who were exposed to mice and tested for DR locus antigens (p = 0.05). However, no significant differences in any of the loci studied could be shown in subjects with and without nasal symptoms from exposure to mice. PMID- 7288049 TI - Factors affecting food selection: the role of economics. AB - This article attempts to identify the scope and contributions of food demand research developed by microeconomists to facilitate incorporation of findings into food behavior research undertaken by nutrition professionals. It explores the ways economists have traditionally analyzed determinants of food selection, reviews the "New Home Economics" approach, which is being used to expand the traditional conceptual and empirical economics models, and discusses ways in which economics can contribute to a better understanding of the individual and household food selection process. PMID- 7288050 TI - Phytate content of foods: effect on dietary zinc bioavailability. AB - The phytate content of several foods is presented. Published zinc values were used to calculate phytate:zinc molar ratios. These ratios can be used to estimate the relative risk of having an inadequate intake of zinc. They may be used in planning menus to select the combination of foods that will supply the most available zinc to the daily diet. On the basis of animal experiments to date, a daily phytate:zinc molar ratio of 10 or less is thought to be acceptable in providing adequate dietary zinc, and daily ratios consistently above 20 may jeopardize zinc status. Many factors other than the daily dietary phytate:zinc molar ratio influence zinc nutriture, but the ratio concept is a tool which may contribute to a more accurate assessment of zinc status. PMID- 7288051 TI - Variations in dietary intake after bypass surgery for obesity. Possible relation to development of fatty liver after jejunoileal bypass. AB - Consumption of nutrients and food energy was compared, with concomitant chemical and radiologic measurements of hepatic fat content, preoperatively and postoperatively in 25 patients who underwent gastric or jejunoileal bypass for obesity. Patients in the two operative groups ingested similar quantities of food before surgery. After surgery, caloric intake from all sources decreased in both groups but to a significantly greater extent in the gastric bypass patients. During the first six months postoperatively, the 13 gastric bypass patients showed no changes in hepatic fat content, whereas substantial increases in liver fat uniformly occurred in the 12 patients who had jejunoileal bypasses. It is suggested that dietary carbohydrate may have contributed to the accretion of liver fat in these 12 patients. PMID- 7288052 TI - Food preferences of patients with cancer. AB - Cancer patients who experience food aversions generally rated foods less pleasant than healthy controls or cancer patients with no food aversions. Most high protein foods, cereal products, and sweet foods were generally less palatable to patients with food aversions. Most fruits, vegetables, and cultured dairy products were equally palatable to all three subject groups. Although the cause of these food aversions is not understood, they do not appear to be a generalized response to all foods. PMID- 7288053 TI - Priorities assessment for studies of mutagen production in cooked foods. AB - As a component of a project investigating the formation of mutagens in foods under normal cooking processes, dietary practices in the U.S. were assessed for the purpose of setting priorities for food items to be tested for possible mutagen information when cooked. High-protein foods are of primary concern because cooking of these foods results in greater mutagenic activity compared to cooking of other foods. Highest priorities were given to foods on the basis of the following criteria: (a) food items high in protein, (b) food items consumed in large amounts, and (c) food items normally cooked. Some inconsistencies in the results of two national food consumption surveys were discussed, as were the problems inherent in cooking method terminology. Emphasis was given to the need for further research in cooking practices of the U.S. population. PMID- 7288054 TI - Meal cost analysis: health food store versus conventional food sources. PMID- 7288055 TI - Guidelines for energy conservation. AB - An energy conservation program in the dietary department offers a means of containing costs in a health care facility. An effective program should include conservation measures which involve food service operations and equipment. Basic conservation measures are applicable in almost any dietary department. Additional information should be obtained from energy experts. PMID- 7288057 TI - Position paper on food and nutrition services in child day care centers and day care homes. PMID- 7288056 TI - Position paper on nutrition and aging. PMID- 7288058 TI - Infant fatness and feeding practices: a longitudinal assessment. AB - In recent years, bottle feeding and the early introduction of solid foods in infants' diets have been proposed as factors contributing to overweight in infancy that might continue into childhood. These hypotheses were examined in a longitudinal survey of 403 infants from birth to 18 months of age. Results from this survey do not support either (a) a relationship between type of milk feeding or time of introduction of solid food and fatness at 6 months of age or (b) the hypothesis that fat infants remain fat. PMID- 7288059 TI - Development and critical evaluation of the food nomogram. AB - The historical development and validation of the Food Nomogram is described to show the scientific basis of formulas to predict caloric need. Prediction of basal caloric need in nutritional assessment using formulas such as that represented by the Mayo Foundation Nomogram is based on surface area and standardized kilocalories per unit of surface area. Though these quantities do reflect error, major discrepancies evolve with prediction of total need, including kilocalories for activity. In spite of these limitations, predicting formulas have been valuable tools in predicting total caloric need. Three formulas are contrasted and found reliable. PMID- 7288060 TI - Reliability and validity of the 24-hour recall. AB - The reliability and validity of the 24-hour dietary recall method was tested statistically by comparing observed with recalled intakes of kilocalories and protein. Data on observed intake of 28 children, aged 10 through 12, with asthma, cystic fibrosis, or diabetes, participating in a summer camp program, were obtained by unobtrusive observation. The same subjects were interviewed within 24 hours after the observation. Intakes of kilocalories and of protein were computed for both observed and recalled data. The two sets of data were compared by paired t-test and regression analysis. A large and significant difference was found between mean recalled and mean observed intakes for both kilocalories and protein. This coupled with a low but significant coefficient for reliability limits the usefulness of this dietary assessment tool in the age group studied. PMID- 7288061 TI - Total fat and fatty acid composition of commercially available chocolate candies. AB - Forty different brands of chocolate candies were purchased in a supermarket. The wrappers were removed and coded, and the candy was re-wrapped in aluminum foil until analyzed. More than 60 percent of the samples had a polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) ratio of less than 0.10. Although the candies examined had a higher carbohydrate than fat content, fat frequently contributed more calories in the candies containing more than 25 percent fat (15 of the 40 brands studied). PMID- 7288062 TI - Selected anthropometric measurements for a low-income, black population in Mississippi. AB - The anthropometric battery for the present study included measurement of height, weight, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, blood pressure, and pulse for a low income, black population. All measurements were affected by age and sex. They generally increased with age. Blood pressures and skinfold thickness were greater in female subjects and in the old than in male subjects or in the young. Male subjects were always taller than female subjects at a comparable age. Women weighed more than men in the 30 to 60 age group. Hypertension and obesity were more prevalent among women and the old. The total anthropometric measurements of height, weight, and subscapular skinfold (but not of triceps skinfold) of children in this study were generally greater than those of children in other studies. This study shows that genetic and endocrine mechanisms may override environmental factors for selected anthropometric data. PMID- 7288063 TI - Protein and essential amino acid requirements in a child with propionic acidemia. PMID- 7288064 TI - Human milk banking: practical concerns for feeding premature infants. PMID- 7288065 TI - Professional knowledge and attitudes on vegetarianism: implications for practice. PMID- 7288066 TI - The so-called "salt tablet issue" concerning soft contact lenses. PMID- 7288067 TI - Feedback and the visual process. PMID- 7288068 TI - Biofeedback enhanced strabismus therapy. AB - Previous work, conducted under laboratory conditions, has shown that biofeedback using infrared eye position monitoring can be used to successfully treat strabismus. For the present study, seven matched pairs of strabismic patients were selected. One member of each pair received biofeedback enhanced vision therapy while the other member received traditional vision therapy. Cover test data obtained during each training session showed an advantage in using biofeedback enhanced training in several but not all cases. It is suggested that the optimum use of biofeedback may be prior to traditional training rather than integrated with it. PMID- 7288069 TI - Intraocular metastatic disease to the eye. PMID- 7288070 TI - Office design. Contemporary Southwestern decor. PMID- 7288071 TI - Diabetes mellitus: impaired wound healing from zinc deficiency. PMID- 7288072 TI - Doppler ultrasound diagnosis of venous disease. PMID- 7288073 TI - A regional screening approach for common hyperkeratotic foot lesions. PMID- 7288074 TI - Podiatric microsurgery. PMID- 7288075 TI - Melorheostosis: a review and case presentation. PMID- 7288076 TI - Osteoid osteoma: benign osteoblastic lesion of bone. PMID- 7288078 TI - "Do it yourself" disposable skin hooks. PMID- 7288079 TI - Recurrent tibial stress fractures in a jogger. PMID- 7288077 TI - Nodular melanoma: review and report of a digital case. PMID- 7288080 TI - Etiology of atraumatic medial knee pain. PMID- 7288081 TI - Attitudes of student nurses toward podiatrists. PMID- 7288082 TI - [Sturge-Weber-Krabbe syndrome with unusual symptomatology (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of Sturge-Weber-Krabbe's syndrome with unusual symptomatology are described. In the first case 13 years old boy the naevus flammeus was missing. A convulsive fit at the age of 2 1/2 years led to the correct diagnosis from the very characteristic radiological findings. At 13 years, intracortical calcifications were bulky and diffuse, and associated with optic nerve hypoplasia and anomalies of ocular motricity, their relation with the syndrome being difficult to establish. In the second patient (aged 17) the naevus flammeus was extensive, with numerous naevi on the whole body, and was associated with a retinal vascular malformation and glaucoma. A choroidal angioma was not observed. In these two patients the disease was isolated, without familial character, and there were no other neurological symptoms such as a pathological EEG. No evidence of mental retardation was noted. PMID- 7288083 TI - [Comparative clinical study of metoprolol and timolol (author's transl)]. AB - Timolol is a non-specific beta-blocking agent acting on both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors while metoprolol is a specific beta 1 blocking agent. Both timolol and metoprolol decrease intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor secretion without increasing facility of outflow. They have both similar short and long term efficacy which does not diminish even after several months of use. Generally, there are adequate to treat glaucoma without perimetric changes, while treatment of glaucoma with functional defects requires their association with miotics. When blocking beta 1 receptors, timolol causes marked constriction of bronchi and peripheral vessels. Hence, it is contraindicated in bronchial asthma and ischemic optic neuropathy. This is not the case with metoprolol, which does not block beta 2 receptors. PMID- 7288084 TI - [Multifocal vitelliform dystrophy : a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A case of multiple vitelliform dystrophy is described in an adult white woman ; vision, angiography, EOG are the same as in true Best's disease, but the reduction of vision seams more severe and occurs earlier. The extramacular discs are smaller, faster in evolution, they can appear, disappear or coalesce as in our case. The disease is genetically much less demonstrative than central vitelliform dystrophy. Angiographically, besides the usual pattern, they shaw marked staining without evidence of subretinal neovascularization perhaps due to a slight alteration of a still living RPE, and a hollow aspect of the discs at the level of RPE on stereo-angiograms. This is to be compared with the pathological findings made by Gass who described a marked thinning of the RPE. PMID- 7288085 TI - [Temporary blindness due to an intra-orbital foreign body (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288086 TI - [Superficial and deep myogalvanocauterization: a selective complementary surgical technique in esotropia due to the blocking syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288087 TI - [New viewpoints on the pathogenesis and the treatment of strabismus. 3rd part: management of strabismus (author's transl)]. AB - The major complications of our surgery such as the duction limitations, the postoperative diplopia, the vicious cicatrices and the modifications of the palpebral fissure are considered in this article. The cause, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. In the conclusions the value of our two keys is commented on, the importance of our maximal and atraumatic surgery is stressed and the problem of delayed over-corrections is mentioned. PMID- 7288088 TI - [Toxic optic neuritis: sometimes wrongly attributed to antituberculosis treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288089 TI - [Anatomo-clinical document produced with the assistance of the CHIBRET laboratory: epibulbar osteoma and conjunctival dermolipoma]. PMID- 7288090 TI - [Functional organization of optic pathways]. PMID- 7288091 TI - Reductive degradation of dieldrin and endrin in the field using acidified zinc. AB - The reductive dechlorination of dieldrin and endrin was investigated as a possible procedure for field disposal of small quantitites of these pesticides. The objective was to convert the parent compounds to environmentally less objectionable materials. Emulsifiable concentrate formulations of the pesticides in a soil slurry were mixed with powdered zinc, dilute acetic acid, and acetone to facilitate reaction. Analysis of the mixtures by GC-MS indicated essentially complete conversion of endrin and partial conversion of dieldrin to products probably formed by replacement of the bridge anti chlorines with hydrogen. Partial confirmation of the desired anti dechlorodieldrin product was made by nmr. Disappearance of the parent compounds and production of conversion products was monitored for 2 1/2 years by GC in an outside soil plot, and accelerated destruction of parent compounds was achieved by the treatment. By analogy to the bridge anti dechloro products of aldrin and isodrin, the anti dechloro products probably are much less toxic than the parent compounds and are therefore environmentally less objectionable. PMID- 7288092 TI - A laboratory study of the persistence of carbofuran and its 3-hydroxy- and 3 keto metabolites in sterile and natural mineral and organic soils. AB - In a laboratory study, the persistence of carbofuran and its 3-hydroxy- and 3 keto-metabolites was examined separately over 16 wk in sterile and natural organic (muck) and mineral (loam) soils. Carbofuran was relatively persistent in sterile soils; at 8 wk 77% remained in the sterile muck and about 50% remained in the sterile loam. In the natural muck 25% of initial carbofuran remained at wk whereas in the natural loam carbofuran had completely disappeared by that time. The 3-ketocarbofuran was very short-lived even in the sterile muck where only 50% remained at 1 wk. The 3-hydroxycarbofuran degraded appreciably on zero day in the natural soils (with conversion to 3-keto-carbofuran) and about 90% had disappeared in 1 wk. A more detailed study of the persistence of 3 hydroxycarbofuran in the natural soils showed complete disappearance in 2 days in loam and in 3 days in muck. The 3-ketocarbofuran produced from the 3-hydroxy carbofuran reached a maximum concentration in 1 day and then disappeared within 4 days in loam and about 1 wk in muck. PMID- 7288093 TI - A rapid, colorimetric, procedure for determination of fenitrothion. AB - Fenitrothion in formulations and on grains is determined colorimetrically as 4 nitro-3-methylphenoxide, after hydrolysis at room temperature catalysed by alkaline peroxide. Interferences in determination of residue levels are removed by filtration of commodity extract through basic alumina or by barium chloride plus excess oxidant. PMID- 7288094 TI - A modification of imazalil residue analysis in treated grapefruit. AB - Residues of imazalil, 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-propenyloxy)ethyl]-1H imidazole, a fungicide that prevents decay of citrus, were determined in treated grapefruit. The method consists of a simplified heptance-isoamyl extraction solvent, acid-base clean-up, and direct gas chromatographic analysis with electron-capture detection. PMID- 7288095 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic studies on residues of endosulfan on chilli fruits. AB - Studies on the residues of endosulfan were undertaken by GLC so as observe the dissipation of endosulfan and its isomers on green fruits of chilli, Capsicum annuum Linn. and also to know the effect of washing the fruits on the residues. The pattern of dissipation of endosulfan was conventional showing half-life less than two days. The waiting periods worked out were 5 and 7 days after protecting the crop with four sprays of 0.03 and 0.08% endosulfan respectively. The dissipation of alpha isomer was found faster than that of beta isomer. Washing of fruits from treated crop was found quite effective in reducing the level of residues on the fruits. PMID- 7288096 TI - A quality assurance program for determination of herbicides in estuarine waters. AB - A quality assurance program was developed for two grantee laboratories studying the herbicides atrazine and linuron in Chesapeake Bay water. Proposed methodologies were evaluated by performance and system audits. The objectives of the quality assurance program and the results of the audit program are discussed. PMID- 7288097 TI - Biochemical effects of some organophosphorus insecticide on new targets in white rats. AB - The three S-n-propyl phosphates and phosphothioates: RH 218, profenofos and prothiophos were compared with fenitrothion in their potential as inhibitors of rat liver and brain AChE. Fenitrothion was more potent as an inhibitor than the three S-n-propyl derivatives. Incubation of hepatic protein enhanced ChE inhibition in brain in the case of fenitrothion, while it reduced the inhibitory effect of the S-n-propyl derivatives. On the other hand, the four organophosphorus esters caused hypoglycemia in both male and female rats and also reduced their blood urea with different degrees. PMID- 7288098 TI - Adsorption, desorption, potential and selective distribution of heavy metals in selected soils of Japan. AB - Adsorption, desorption, potential and selective distribution of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni were investigated in three typical soils of Japan under flooded condition. The results indicate that the sorption of all heavy metals was linear upto the maximum concentration (500 micrograms/g soil) employed in the present studies in all the soils. The magnitude of sorption in general was in the order of Pb greater than Cu greater than Zn greater Cd greater than Ni. The adsorption coefficients showed wide variation among different soils as well as metal ions. The hysteresis of sorption and desorption by KN03 was well pronounced for both the metal ions and the soils. The desorption rate was greater than the fixation rate indicating the predominance of the chemosorption over physical processes. The major portion of sorbed metals were retained in the unextractable form, which over all accounted for more than 50% of the sorbed metals. PMID- 7288099 TI - Practical approach to a rare deformity: macrodactyly. AB - Macrodactyly, the exact etiology of which is unknown, is a rare congenital deformity. Four basic surgical approaches to correction have been considered. When the first and second digits are involved, Dr. Figura believes that amputation should not be considered as these two digits are necessary for stability. He believes the worm advancement of Tsuge, which can be performed on any toe, to be the procedure of choice, both functionally and cosmetically. The metatarsophalangeal joint is not disturbed, the digit is not syndactylized into a bulbous mass, the nail is left intact, and the functions are preserved. PMID- 7288101 TI - Crescentic osteotomy for fifth metatarsal head lesions. AB - The use of orthotics may make surgery for fifth metatarsal lesions unnecessary. If surgery is required, several procedures currently used are effective; however, the authors believe crescentic osteotomy to be the procedure of choice for several reasons--it is less traumatic, less destructive to the joint, does not require internal fixation, is less demanding technically, and requires a shorter postoperative period of convalescence. Although the most common deformity of the fifth ray is in the sagittal plane, it is possible to correct various positional deformities by altering the plane of osteotomy. PMID- 7288102 TI - Lipomas: discussion and report of an unusual case. AB - Lipomas, generally described as thinly encapsulated, soft, multilobular masses of adipose tissue, can occur in any location but are more common in areas in which there is an abundance of fatty tissue. In the foot, they are most commonly found in the area just anterior to the lateral malleolus and are less common more distally in the foot. Dr. Greenberg describes the surgical excision of a lipoma in a female patient whose fifth toe was greatly enlarged. There were no postoperative complications and healing was uneventful. PMID- 7288100 TI - Heterotopic bone formation: a case report. AB - The authors discuss a rare case of heterotopic bone formation in the ankle of an athletic, 20-year-old Caucasian male. After conservative treatment provided minimal relief of symptoms, resection of the talar neck exostosis and inferior, anterior tibial exostosis was performed by an anterior medial approach. Two months postoperatively, after physical therapy, the patient had no pain or limitation of ankle dorsiflexion. He resumed jogging 1 mile per day and performing strenuous exercises. PMID- 7288103 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma--an overview. AB - Although Kaposi's sarcoma is a rare malignant disease of unknown etiology, when it does occur, it is most often found in males on the feet and legs and is one of the most common malignant tumors of the foot. The lesions are usually painless, depending on the location. Although vinblastine sulfate (Velban) and vincristine sulfate (Oncovin) have both achieved temporary success in treating Kaposi's sarcoma, most authors agree that roentgen therapy is the treatment of choice. PMID- 7288104 TI - Lateral ankle stabilization procedures: criteria and classification. PMID- 7288105 TI - Postoperative tarsal tunnel syndrome: case presentation and discussion. PMID- 7288107 TI - The second public health revolution: a critical appraisal. AB - This paper presents a critical reaction to the Surgeon General's recent report and recommendations on American health. Entitled Healthy People, the report has been described as providing impetus for a "second public health revolution." Our analysis leaves us less than enthusiastic. We first summarize the Report, noting its heavy emphasis on lifestyle. We then compare its tenets with those of the nineteenth century public health revolution. The Report recognizes social and economic conditions as significant factors in determining health but fails to incorporate this recognition in its policy recommendations. Instead, it places the burden of its recommendations on the reform of individual behavior. We explain this focus in terms of the continued centrality of the ideology of individualism and its collective counterpart, social and political pluralism. We then examine the ways in which these ideologies act on the Report and we suggest why the proposals they shape are unlikely to be successful. PMID- 7288108 TI - Occupational regulation in the States: a causal model. PMID- 7288106 TI - Osteocartilaginous exostosis. AB - An osteocartilaginous exostosis (osteochondroma) is a developmental defect in which there is a disturbance in the location and direction of cartilaginous growth. It is found in children and adolescents, and several theories are found in the literature regarding its growth and etiology. When the lesion causes discomfort because of pressure on peripheral nerves and vessels, surgical excision is indicated. The authors discuss a case of osteocartilaginous exostosis in a 12-year-old black male whose postoperative course was uneventful. To date there has been no regrowth of the lesion. PMID- 7288109 TI - Disclosure standards and informed consent. AB - There is currently substantial disagreement about the kind of information that must be disclosed in obtaining an informed consent. This study examined physicians' interpretations of the demands of two alternative legal standards for disclosure, as well as a third standard intended to capture their normative sense of what should be disclosed to patients. Other factors which might affect disclosure practices of physicians were also studied. The findings raise questions about the extent to which a legal standard for disclosure can have an impact on medical practice; the data suggest that doctors currently disclose what they think patients want to be told. However, it appears that physicians substantially underestimate the amount of information patients wish to receive. PMID- 7288110 TI - Civil commitment as a "street-level" bureaucracy: case-load, professionalization and administration. AB - This article applies street-level bureaucracy theories to "coping" patterns of behavior that developed in an involuntary commitment system. Daily procedures and routines of five Nebraska county boards of mental health and the attitudes of their members were studied. The results showed that the urban, high case-load, professionally-oriented board informally modified statutory procedures significantly to reduce face-to-face client contact, limit the scope of its decisions, and displace responsibility for the most ambiguous decisions to the treatment facility and board psychiatrist. Rural, low case-load, less professionally-specialized boards also modified the statutory procedures, but conducted the commitment process in a far more ambiguous, open-ended, and tense system with substantial face-to-face client contact. Both urban and rural boards had multifaceted role definitions; rural boards, however, had a more open-ended perception of their functions, and attempted more actively to modify antisocial behavior and redirect board subjects to sources of social counseling. Therefore, understanding street-level "coping" behavior in an actual commitment context is important to develop realistic changes in civil commitment systems and to preclude informal procedures that reduce a commitment system's effectiveness or undermine a proposed patient' s rights. PMID- 7288112 TI - Judicial involvement in Colorado prison health care reform. PMID- 7288111 TI - Patterns of teenaged driver involvement in fatal motor vehicle crashes: implications for policy choice. AB - The failure (sometimes with harmful effects) of many current public policies to reduce fatal motor vehicle crashes of teenaged drivers points up the need to consider a broader range of policy options. This article examines data on 236,205 drivers in fatal crashes, including 19,470 who were less than eighteen years old, for patterns which might suggest or rule out particular options. Adults are seldom in the vehicle when drivers under eighteen crash, but requiring the presence of an adult might increase adult deaths rather than reduce teenage crashes. Identification of risk groups through crash and violation records cannot be very effective because drivers under eighteen in fatal crashes usually have no prior record. Legal precedent regarding minors and the pattern of fatal crash involvement by licensure status and time of day suggest that raising the age of licensure to eighteen or prohibiting driving from 8 p.m. to 4 a.m. by drivers under eighteen would reduce deaths substantially. Since only 52 percent of motorcyclists under eighteen had a valid motorcyclist license, increased enforcement of motorcyclist licensure laws has the potential to reduce motorcyclists' deaths even if present licensing ages are retained. PMID- 7288113 TI - The worker's right-to-know: obstacles, ambiguities and loopholes. AB - Telling the worker about exposure to occupational hazards and their potentially adverse health effects has been established as an ethical principle of occupational health and safety. Situations or issues that may result in incomplete application or nonapplication of this principle include: (1) the employee's need to initiate the disclosure process; (2) medical reluctance to disclose exposure data; (3) long latency periods between exposure and effect; (4) problems of quality control; (5) the use of monitoring methods with low predictive value; (6) statutory secrecy provisions; (7) doctor-patient communication difficulties; (8) serious social and health problems not related to work environment; (9) the nonspecific nature of most work-related morbidity; and (10) the absence of any monitoring whatsoever. Obligatory disclosure of exposure information is hypothesized to spur preventive measures, environmental and personal, for both short- and long-term hazards. Where the foregoing problems interfere with full disclosure, this norm's full preventive role may not be fulfilled. Evaluation of the effect of disclosure requirements on promoting occupational health and safety must include attention to this possibility. PMID- 7288114 TI - Is milk all that bad for the ulcer patient? PMID- 7288115 TI - Antibiotic-associated colitis--an abating enigma. AB - In the past decade, C. difficile has been implicated as the putative organism in antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. The natural history, clinical features, and pathologic features have been better defined. Vancomycin is the current drug of choice in treating this illness, but other therapies as well as exciting epidemiologic areas need to be explored. The role of C. difficile toxin in chronic inflammatory bowel disease is another area which also must be evaluated. PMID- 7288116 TI - The factors determining success or failure of cimetidine treatment of peptic ulcer. AB - Why a substantial proportion of peptic ulcers fails to heal in clinical trials of drugs remains uncertain. We therefore made a prospective study of biological and social factors which might influence healing. 160 patients who were treated with cimetidine for various types of peptic ulceration were grouped into successes or failures by serial endoscopic review. There were 80 patients in each group. Significant differences between the two groups emerged. The mean age and mean age of onset of symptoms were lower in the failure group. The proportion of manual workers and artisans, the frequency of family history of peptic ulcer, the proportion of smokers, alcohol users, analgesic takers, and the frequency of acid hypersecretion were all higher in the failure group. The "degree" of abuse of smoking, alcohol, and analgesics was also greater in the failures than in the successes. The proportional reduction of maximal acid output after a dose of cimetidine was not different between the groups. PMID- 7288117 TI - Does progressive pancreatic insufficiency limit pain in calcific pancreatitis with duct stricture or continued alcohol insult? AB - We studied the pancreatic function, alcohol history, and ERCP findings in 26 patients with painless and 34 patients with painful alcohol-induced calcific pancreatitis (AICP). About 50% of patients in both the painless and painful groups continued to take alcohol, the incidence of duct stricture or obstruction was of the order of 62% in both groups, and the proportion of patients with duct stricture or obstruction and continued alcohol intake was comparable. In all instances the patients in the painless category had significantly greater pancreatic insufficiency, or more impaired function, than patients with pain. This applied to those patients who continued to take alcohol, to those with an obstruction or stricture on ERCP, and to the subgroup with both duct narrowing and continued alcohol intake. We conclude that grossly impaired pancreatic function confers a degree of freedom from painful attacks in AICP in those patients who continue to drink even in the presence of duct obstruction or stricture on ERCP; and that patients with AICP become free of pancreatic pain once gross pancreatic insufficiency supervenes. PMID- 7288118 TI - Clinical usefulness of the secretin provocation test. AB - We analyzed 186 secretin provocation tests performed in our laboratory over a 5 year period. Positive tests, i.e., an increase in serum gastrin of more than 100 pg/ml, were found in 3 of 136 normogastrinemic and in 30 of 50 hypergastrinemic subjects. In all 16 patients with positive tests who were operated upon the diagnosis of gastrinoma was confirmed. In the 17 nonoperated patients the diagnosis of gastrinoma was supported by the demonstration of gastric acid hypersecretion. Two normogastrinemic patients with questionable gastrinoma had increases in serum gastrin of 72 and 73 pg/ml, respectively. Five patients with combined hypergastrinemia and basal hyperchlorhydria had negative secretin provocation tests: three had hypergastrinemia of antral origin, one had a gastrin producing ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, and one had a pancreatic gastrinoma with liver metastases. We conclude that the secretin provocation test is helpful in the diagnosis of gastrinoma. PMID- 7288119 TI - Sclerosing cholangitis: its increasing frequency of recognition and association with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - We have seen 13 patients with sclerosing cholangitis diagnosed mainly by ERCP. An elevated alkaline phosphatase is frequently the first manifestation. ERCP is adequate for diagnosis, and an operation is usually not necessary. Radiologic findings include diffuse and irregular areas of stenosis, dilation, beading, and extensive involvement of both the extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary radicles. There was an association with long-standing ulcerative colitis, but no relationship with activity of this disease or its complications. Liver biopsy in 10 of 11 patients demonstrated very little progression of disease, and evidence of secondary biliary cirrhosis was found in only one case. Corticosteroid therapy was used in 10 patients without clinical evidence that this altered their course. Prognosis appears to be reasonably good and unrelated to the course of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7288120 TI - Myopericarditis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Myopericarditis is a rare but important manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease. It can be the sole or one of several extracolonic manifestations of either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Because of the therapeutic implications, we report a patient with ulcerative colitis associated with myopericarditis, with a review of the literature documenting this association. PMID- 7288121 TI - Risk factors for isoniazid (NIH)-induced liver dysfunction. AB - We examined prospectively risk factors which might contribute to INH-induced liver damage in 113 patients taking preventive INH for at least 8 weeks. Twelve who had abnormal initial liver tests did not get worse with INH, while 19/101 with normal initial tests developed significant liver dysfunction, mostly hepatocellular, three having overt hepatitis. When 12 other patients who drank alcohol were excluded from analysis, there were still 15/89 with significant liver dysfunction, 12 of whom were slow acetylators (p less than 0.05). The only other risk factor was age. By combining acetylator phenotype with age, but excluding alcohol, we calculated the risk of INH-induced liver enzyme elevation as follows: under 35 years--fast acetylators, 3.7%, slow acetylators, 13%; over 35--fast acetylators, 13.2%, slow acetylators, 37% (p less than 0.02). Fast acetylation is thus not a risk factor for developing INH-induced liver dysfunction; indeed, the contrary seems to be the case. PMID- 7288122 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of adult celiac disease and lymphocytic thyroiditis. AB - A 28-year-old woman evaluated for paresthesias, chronic diarrhea, and an enlarged thyroid gland proved to have celiac sprue and lymphocytic thyroiditis. The immunopathologic similarities of these two disorders may be more than coincidental. PMID- 7288123 TI - Endoscopic estimate of gastric acid secretion. AB - We measured the pH of the residual pool of gastric juice during routine endoscopy of the stomach and duodenum in 27 patients. After injecting 3 micrograms/kg pentagastrin intravenously additional samples were obtained 10--12 minutes later for determination of pH. No complications occurred in spite of the rapid administration of this dose. Analysis of the "basal" determinations revealed a large overlap between groups but the pH of the "poststimulated" specimens proved much more accurate in the division of patients into "low," "normal," or "high" secretor groups. When the pH of the stimulated specimens was converted to hydrogen ion concentration and then calculated to yield an estimate of peak acid output, the results were almost identical to the standard measurements of gastric secretory output after subcutaneous pentagastrin. PMID- 7288124 TI - Carcinoma of the cervix involving the duodenum: case report and review of the literature. AB - We report a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix metastatic to the duodenum in whom the diagnosis was made at endoscopic biopsy of an obstructing pyloric mass. Failure to consider metastatic disease as the cause of an abnormal appearance of the duodenum resulted in a considerable delay in diagnosis. We present a brief review of cervical carcinoma metastatic to the bowel. PMID- 7288125 TI - Clinical measurement of prognosis. PMID- 7288126 TI - Pancreatic carcinoma: diagnostic and therapeutic approach--a word of caution. PMID- 7288127 TI - Cancer of the stomach: quot homines, tot sententiae. PMID- 7288128 TI - Professional norms, personal attitudes, and medical practice: the case of abortion. PMID- 7288129 TI - Practitioner or patient--who's in charge? PMID- 7288130 TI - Expecting sick-role legitimation and getting it. PMID- 7288131 TI - Client satisfaction and the organization of medical practice: why time counts. PMID- 7288133 TI - Inequality in levels of health in England and Wales, 1891-1971. PMID- 7288132 TI - Perceived physician humaneness, patient attitude, and satisfaction with the pill as a contraceptive. PMID- 7288134 TI - Economic predictors of admissions to mental health facilities in a nonmetropolitan community. PMID- 7288135 TI - Sex differences in reporting osteoarthritic symptoms: a sociomedical approach. PMID- 7288136 TI - Critically reassessing the accuracy of public perceptions of the dangerousness of the mentally ill. PMID- 7288137 TI - Dactylaplasia in mice a two-locus model for development anomalies. AB - Dactylaplasia, characterized by the absence of phalangeal bones in the middle digits of each foot, resulted from a mutation that occurred in the SM7B/SM inbred strain of mice. Breeding tests revealed the mutant gene is an autosomal dominant that is homozygous lethal. Further investigation by outcrossing with a number of inbred strains showed that the manifestation of the mutant gene is controlled by another locus. At this locus are found two alleles: one, a dominant inhibiting dactylaplasia gene expression; the other, a recessive allowing the expression of the mutant gene. In each of the tested inbred strains, one or the other allele is present at this locus. We propose Dac as a symbol for the mutant gene, and mdac for the locus controlling the Dac expression. Mouse dactylaphasia closely resembles split hand/foot in man and in monkeys in gross morphology and mode of inheritance. The significance of the present findings explainable by a two-locus model is discussed relative to irregular mode of inheritance of certain other congenital defects, and also relative to the maintenance of genetic loads in populations. PMID- 7288138 TI - Turkey-chicken hybrids: a cytological study of early development. AB - Reciprocal hybridization experiments were performed between the line of Beltsville Small White turkeys that has been selected for high incidence of parthenogenesis and two strains of chickens. The eggs were examined cytologically at early stages of development. In the cross of turkey females X chicken males, it was found that both male (2A-ZZ) and female (2A-ZW) zygotes are formed, but the latter are much less viable and usually die in a very early stage of development. Besides the hybrid embryos, parthenogenetic-type embryos also were found. In the cross of chicken females X turkey males, no evidence of successful hybridization was obtained. However, cell division was initiated in 100 percent of the chicken eggs. This fact suggests that turkey sperm had some enhancing effect on parthenogenetic cell division in chicken eggs. PMID- 7288139 TI - Inherited activation-inactivation of the star gene in foxes: its bearing on the problem of domestication. AB - A frequency of more than 10(-2) of the de novo appearance of piebald spotting (star) was established in silver-black foxes selected for domestic behavior. The star phenotype is determined by the autosomal semidominant gene S. Ten genealogical groups of foxes, in which star arose independently, were analyzed. Of these, the star character is determined by S alleles in at least seven groups. The S gene is located in a linkage group other than the earlier described W (Georgian white) locus. The star gene is incompletely penetrant, but its penetrance is significantly higher in offspring from tame mothers than from aggressive ones, or when S is received from a heterozygous vixen (Ss). There was a notable shortage of homozygous (SS) offspring from Ss X Ss crosses, which cannot be adequately explained by selective embryonic mortality, differential zygotic and gametic death, or transgression of homozygous and heterozygous phenotypes. Some foxes, proven carriers of a homozygous (Ss) genotype, showed the phenotype and mode of inheritance characteristic of heterozygotes (Ss). Presumably, the mechanism responsible of these observations is a heritable functional activation-inactivation of the star gene. Some implications of this concept in terms of destabilizing selection are discussed. PMID- 7288140 TI - Erythrocyte alloantigens in the Storrs strain of hereditary muscular dystrophic chickens and segregating testcross progeny. AB - The Storrs strain of muscular dystrophic chickens were typed for erythrocyte alloalleles at 10 loci, including the B locus. Gene fixation is present at five loci and expression of the predominate alloantigen varied in frequency from 0.53 to 0.91 at the other five loci tested. The Storrs strain of muscular dystrophic chickens are not fixed at the B locus, expressing the B2/B2 allelic combination 81 percent of the time and B2/B23 the remaining percentage. Testcross progeny segregating for the muscular dystrophy trait did not show any alloantigen associations at the 10 loci examined. No association of the MD train with a particular B genotype could be ascertained. CPK levels as a measure of muscle destruction in the muscular dystrophic testcross progeny segregating at the B locus did not reveal an association with any B haplotype. Serum IgG levels and low Con A response in muscular dystrophic testcross progeny also were not associated with any specific B locus alloantigen combinations. The possibility remains that the establishment of a pathological index for muscular dystrophy in MD chickens may reveal an association with the B locus. PMID- 7288142 TI - Fawn-hooded rats, the fawn mutation and interaction of pink-eyed and red-eyed dilution genes. PMID- 7288141 TI - Allelism of two myelin deficiency mutations in the mouse. PMID- 7288143 TI - Hereditary hypertrophic neuropathy in Tibetan Mastiff dogs. PMID- 7288144 TI - Wavy: a new recessive rexoid mutant in the Norway rat. AB - A new rexoid mutant is reported for the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus, designated as wavy (symbol wv) and inherited as an autosomal recessive. Breeding data indicate that wavy is not linked with the known rexoid variant, rex (Re) or with genes in linkage groups I and IV. Additional data indicate that rex is not linked with the linkage group IV gene, nonagouti (a) and confirm that it shows dominant autosomal inheritance. Since both wavy and rex are of full penetrance and viability and may tag new linkage groups, they should be useful as markers in linkage studies. PMID- 7288145 TI - Assignment of retinal dystrophy (rdy) to linkage group IV of the rat. AB - The retinal dystrophy gene, rdy, in the rat displays autosomal linkage of 19.0 +/ 1.7 percent with nonagouti, a, and 31.8 +/- 4.1 percent with Svp-1 in linkage group IV. The data are consistent with the linear order rdy--a--Svp-1, but the orientation of this sequence with respect to the centromere is not known. A congenic strain has been developed from some of the testcross animals in which retinal dystrophic and heterozygous control rats of both pink-eyed and black-eyed phenotyped can be distinguished with pigmentation marker genes. PMID- 7288147 TI - Autoradiography: advances in methods and applications. PMID- 7288146 TI - Mandibular prognathism in the rabbit: discrimination between single-locus and multifactorial models of inheritance. PMID- 7288148 TI - Autoradiography: advances in methods and application. PMID- 7288149 TI - Double labeling autoradiography. Cell kinetic studies with 3H- and 14C-thymidine. AB - Examples of the multiple applicability of the double labeling method with 3H- and 14C-TdR are demonstrated. Double labeling with 3H- and 14C-TdR makes it possible to determine the cycle and its phases with high precision by modifying the usual percent labeled mitoses method with a single injection of 3H-TdR. This results in a considerable improvement of the resolution of the percent labeled mitoses curve. In addition, data is provided on the variances of the transit times through the cycle phases. For example, in the case of the jejunal crypt cells of the mouse, the transit times through successive cycle phases are uncorrelated. In the case of glial cells the double labeling method provides cell kinetic parameters despite the paucity of proliferating glial cells. In the adult untreated animal, glial cell mitoses are so rare that the percent labeled mitoses method can not be utilized. However, the S-phase duration can be measured by double labeling and the cycle time can be determined by the so-called method of labeled S phases. With the latter method the passage through the S phase of the 3H-TdR-labeled S phase cells can be registered by injecting 14C-TdR at different time intervals following 3H-TdR application. In this way an S-phase duration of about 10 hr and a cycle time of about 20 hr was found for glial cells in the adult untreated mouse. An exchange of glial cells between the growth fraction and the nongrowth fraction has also been shown by double labeling. A quite different application of the double labeling method with 3H- and 14C-TdR is the in vivo study of the cell cycle phase-specific effect of drugs used in chemotherapy of tumors. Up to now studies of the effect of cytotoxic drugs on cells in different cycle phases were confined to in vitro experiments, since such studies need synchronized cells. However, the double labeling method, which leads to well defined subpopulations of differently labeled cells in different phases of the cycle, allows such studies to be carried out under in vivo conditions. The effect of vincristine on these cells has been studied. Vincristine affects cells in S and G2 in such a manner that they are arrested during the next metaphase and subsequently become necrotic. It has no effect on G1 cells. PMID- 7288150 TI - Tracing central pathways with the autoradiographic method. AB - The major advantages and disadvantages of the autoradiographic method for tracing pathways in the central nervous system have become clear in the decade since its introduction. Attention is focused here on two major problems associated with the interpretation of autoradiographic experiments. First, it is often difficult to determine the effective size of an injection site, which may be different for different projections in the same experiment. Quantitative evidence presented here also shows that the apparent size of injection sites in the hippocampus decreases considerably in diameter 1 to 2 weeks after the injections are made. And second, the morphology of labeled pathways must be inferred from a pattern of silver grains lying over the tissue section. Several examples are used to illustrate the point that the autoradiographic method should be used in conjunction with retrograde transport, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic techniques to investigate the origin, course, and synaptic relationships of individual pathways in the brain and spinal cord. PMID- 7288151 TI - High-speed electron microscope autoradiographic studies of diffusible compounds. AB - Three important factors are necessary for successful electron microscope autoradiography (EM-ARG): good resolution, proper preparation of the radioactive isotope (RI) labeled diffusible compounds, and shortened exposure time for ARG. The resolution problem is fundamental to EM-ARG. However, unless the diffusible RI compounds have been fixed correctly in the tissues during preparation, good resolution is useless. It is also necessary to shorten the exposure time for ARG. As yet, a high-speed ARG method fol electron microscopy has not been reported, although scintillation ARG methods have been applied to macro- and micro-ARG since 1960. High specific activity, a large amount of radioactivity per unit exposure for radio incorporation (incubation), and careful selection of labeled compounds that concentrate in the DNA or RNA of cell organelles may increase the sensitivity of the emulsion and shorten the exposure time for ARG. For example, labeled thymidine accumulates in nuclear DNA, 3H-SPG (Schizophyllan-produced polyglucan) is incorporated into lysosomal granules, and labeled iodine concentrates in thyroid follicles, often increasing the sensitivity of the emulsion and shortening the exposure time, but high-resolution ARG continues to be necessary, even though it requires 4 weeks or more of exposure time. Scintillation autoradiography using tritium seems unstable. We propose a new way to shorten exposure time for EM-ARG, by combining overdevelopment with coating both sides of the grid with emulsion. This method is approximately 100 times more sensitive than the conventional method, and only 4 days of exposure time are required, in contrast to the 1 month usually needed. PMID- 7288152 TI - Quantification of in vivo 3H-estrogen uptake by individual anterior pituitary cell types of male rat: a combined autoradiographic-immunocytochemical technique. AB - A refined version of the combined dry-mount autoradiographic-immunocytochemical technique (Keefer DA, Stumpf WE, Petrusz P: Cell Tissue Res 166:25, 1976) is described in detail. In vivo nuclear estrogen uptake is measured by silver grain counting in immunocytochemically stained gonadotropes (G), somatotropes (S), lactotropes (L), corticotropes (C), and thyrotropes (T) of male rats. In rats 1 day after orchidectomy, the order of nuclear estrogen uptake was S = L greater than G = C greater than T, with T concentrating less than half as much radioactivity as L or S. Fifteen percent of anterior pituitary cells neither concentrated estrogen nor stained immunocytochemically. Estrogen uptake was examined in gonadotropes 1, 14, and 50 days after orchidectomy and was found to be identical at all three times. Estrogen uptake in gonadotropes of rats 14 days following orchidectomy and treatment with progesterone was reduced significantly. Guidelines for reliable quantification of the autoradiographic data is discussed. PMID- 7288153 TI - Autoradiographic studies of steroid receptor sites in embryonic tissues. AB - An autoradiographic technique adapted to diffusible compounds was used to localize steroid receptor sites in various tissues of the chick embryo. In this article are presented results obtained on the gonads, the reproductive tract, the bursa of Fabricius, and the anterior pituitary after injection of either 3H estradiol or 3H-dihydrotestosterone into 5 1/2- to 15-day-old chicken embryos. Target cells for steroid hormone, either estrogen or androgen, or both, are present in these organs early in the development. The precocity of the receptors suggest that sex steroids may influence embryonic differentiation earlier than currently recognized. The presence of the receptors in a variety of organs or tissues, known or unsuspected target for steroids, emphasizes the very diversified roles of sex steroids hormones in the differentiation processes. Conditions for these receptors to be active are discussed with respect to particularities of the embryonic system. PMID- 7288154 TI - Improving the resolution of the 2-deoxy-D-glucose method. PMID- 7288155 TI - Autoradiographic and biochemical studies of hormone receptor localization. AB - Autoradiography has been used in the past to locate presumptive receptor systems for a number of steroids. It has provided information in rather complex tissues that could not have been obtained by biochemical procedures. In these studies we made use of autoradiography to redirect our biochemical efforts to study androgen receptors in the primate heart. Castrated-adrenalectomized female rhesus monkeys and baboons were injected with 1 microgram and 5 alpha-dihydro-[1,2,4,5,6,7-3H] testosterone per kilogram of body weight. The animals were killed 1 hour later and the hearts were removed and processed for autoradiography. A nuclear localization of androgen was found in most of the myocardial cells, but in few if any of the interstitial cells. After reviewing the autoradiographic data, we began a new series of biochemical studies using a new buffer system and unlabeled androgen to stabilize the receptor. This in combination with postlabeled gradients allowed us to demonstrate for the first time 8S binding on sucrose density gradients. We feel that autoradiography can be a useful adjunct to biochemical studies even in "less complex" tissue such as the cardiac muscle. PMID- 7288156 TI - Quantitative assessment of steroid hormone binding sites by thaw-mount autoradiography. AB - A procedure for the quantitative assessment of nuclear receptors for steroid hormones--and other substances--in individual cells is presented. Thaw-mount autoradiography, a procedure developed earlier in our laboratory, is utilized. The silver grain yield (specific activity) is 16.6 disintegrations per silver as determined fo tritium in guinea pig uterine tissues. An integrated formula is presented and applied for 3H-estradiol, 3H-diethylstilbestrol, and 3H-aldosterone in sampled tissue. A comparison with data derived from the literature that are based on the homogenization of whole uteri and biochemical analysis shows comparable values wtih the autoradiographic data if the latter are pooled. The pooled ata indicated 12-14,00 molecules of 3H-estradiol per uterine nucleus, while subpopulations of target cells vary between 5,000 and 28,000 per nucleus. PMID- 7288157 TI - Quantitative analysis of steroid autoradiograms. AB - Two types of quantitative criteria are compared that have been used to discriminate labeled and nonlabeled cells in steroid autoradiograms: multiplicative criteria factors affect the accuracy of the assessment of cell labeling, including variation in the length of exposure, variations in cell size, and possible nonlinearities in the grain density of autoradiograms as a function of exposure time. These factors have a greater effect on the accuracy of the determination of cell labeling when using multiplicative criteria, so that the Poisson criterion is more suitable. PMID- 7288158 TI - Evaluation of systems for quantitation of autoradiograms. AB - Automated systems for the evaluation of autoradiograms were compared wit the traditional method of manual counting. The automated systems included television image analysis systems, reflectance/densitometric systems, and semiautomatic digitizing pad systems. Highly automated analysis systems were considered applicable for quantitation of autoradiograms when the subcellular location of the radioactivity is not an important consideration, when background is low, and when operator interaction with the system can be kept at a minimum. In many cases the relationship between silver grains and cell compartments is important for interpretation of the results. Under these conditions, the most rapid, reproducible and reliable method would combine measurement of cellular dimensions with a digitizing pad and manual counting of silver grains by the observer. Such a systems should be connected to a computer for formatting and statistical evaluation of the data. Initial testing of a quantitative autoradiographic technique indicated that the autoradiographic slide is a reliable estimator of the radioactivity present in the tissue of experimental animals injected with tritium labeled compounds. Accuracy in counting was lost when silver became coincident. Thus, a system for the quantitation of silver grains in relation to cellular morphology requires careful selection of exposure time, computer assisted measurement of cellular dimensions, operator evaluation of silver grains and computerized statistical analysis of the data. PMID- 7288159 TI - Quantitation of actin mRNA content in muscle cell cultures. PMID- 7288161 TI - Physical strain of bipedal versus quadrupedal gait in primates. PMID- 7288160 TI - Reversibility of acid and alkaline deoxyribonuclease deficiency in malignant tumor cells. AB - The nature of DNAse deficiency, which appears to be characteristic for malignant tumor cells, was investigated by the histochemical lead nitrate technique under various experimental conditions. Reappearance of distinct alkaline and acid DNAse activity was observed on the periphery of spontaneously occurring tumor necrosis, at early stages of the in vitro induced tumor necrosis, in necrotic tumor cells after in vivo irradiation and after in vitro treatment with different compounds. A membrane releaser did not reactivate DNAses in viable tumor cells, whereas the homogenate from tumor tissue inhibited DNAses in normal rat liver. These findings indicate that alkaline and acid DNAse deficiency in malignant tumor cells is a reversible phenomenon. This reversal of enzymatic activity has different histochemical and chronological patterns and specific reactivating factors for each DNAse. The masking effect of DNAse activity in malignant tumor cells is probably linked to natural enzyme inhibitors and its reversal to early stages of tumor necrosis. PMID- 7288162 TI - A study of kinesthetic illusion. AB - Subjects experience a mismatch between execution and appreciation (kinesthetic illusion) under certain conditions: lifting up a weight to a suggested height with instructed speed. To get the aspect of this kinesthetic illusion from the movement of the forearm, the measurement of forearm-trajectory was made. From the result, it was recognized that there was a linear correlation between the difference of weight (DW) and the difference of reaction time (DRT). This fact shows that there is a constant error between execution and appreciation of movement. PMID- 7288163 TI - A multivariate approach to feeling of fatigue in relation to individual workers' working and living conditions. AB - In an attempt to understand fatigue of industrial workers in an integrated framework of their daily life behavior, the occurrence of fatigue feeling during a one-month period was related to working and living conditions of individual workers. The data were collected using a questionnaire from every day for one month from 32 workers engaged in four different types of jobs in a chemical factory in Tokyo. Six kinds of daily behavior reported on via the questionnaire were taken as explanatory variables for occurrence of fatigue feeling, together with age, job type, and number of days from the last off-day. The statistical analyses including multi-discriminant analysis by Hayashi's Quantification II method disclosed that the workers' fatigue feeling was influenced by various factors, and that such behavioral variables as liquor intake and physical exercise on the previous day played decisive roles to the extent similar to age or job type variables. PMID- 7288164 TI - Death and its effects on the family household: implications thereof within a Japanese pioneer agricultural community in the eastern lowlands of Bolivia. AB - Following the descriptive analysis of the deaths occurring within a Japanese pioneer agricultural community in the lowlands of eastern Bolivia, the impact of death on the permanency of the household and the family farming system was analyzed. During the 20 years since the establishment of the colony, adult male deaths were in a greater than twofold excess over those of adult females, and one third of the number of deaths was attributable to unnatural causes. The death of adult members of the household was not directly related to remigration, but a significant association with remigration was found in the specific cases of death of the household head: the cases of sudden death from unnatural causes, or the cases in which the household contained no adult male who would take over the role of practicing pioneer farming after the demise of the head. The data also showed a retarded agricultural development where the head had died at an early stage of the establishment of the household. The results suggest that the family structure and the family life cycle of a household has an important safety-valve role in maintaining adjustment potential in the community. PMID- 7288165 TI - Evaluation of recovery from local muscle fatigue by voluntary test contractions. AB - The applicability of surface EMG frequency analysis as a means of evaluating recovery from local muscle fatigue was studied experimentally, fatigue being given as the proportion of the integrated value of frequency components below 60 Hz to that of all components. When the maximum voluntary contractions of elbow flexor were done repeatedly in the recovery period after dynamic or static contractions, the slow wave proportion recovered to the initial value within about 6 min after work. The muscle force of test contraction after 20 min or more was, however, still significantly lower than its initial value. Recovery of integrated EMG value was faster than that of muscle force but slower than that of slow wave components. The effect of blood flow occlusion on the recovery was then tested using different levels of load. When the occlusion was made for 4 min immediately following the sustained contractions, the slow wave component again increased after a phase of decrease but did not reach the final level attained at the end of work, implying that the observed changes in EMG frequency were somewhat related to local muscular fatigue of a peripheral nature. The recovery from local muscular fatigue may thus be evaluated by intermittent brief test contractions after muscular work. PMID- 7288166 TI - Effects of toeclip use on metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses to bicycle ergometer exercise. AB - Toeclips secure the feet to bicycle pedals and are thought to enable greater anticipation of leg musculature in the pedaling motion. To determine the effects of toeclip use on metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses to BERG exercise, 13 female subjects, who had no prior experience with the devices, performed maximal and submaximal work with and without the use of toeclips. Similar oxygen uptake (V02), physical work capacity, pulmonary ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (R), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate concentration (LA) were found for maximal effort exercise under both conditions. For submaximal exercise (at 30, 60, and 80% maximal V02) performed with and without toeclips, no differences were found for V02, VE, R, HR, LA, cardiac output, stroke volume, and arteriovenous oxygen difference. These data suggest that toeclip use during BERG exercise may not alter metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses of individuals who have no prior experience with the devices. PMID- 7288167 TI - Characteristics of well-trained athletes in prolonged exercise from the viewpoint of aerobic power. AB - Aerobic power in prolonged exercise is related with the capability to continue exercise of an intensity corresponding to a fairly high percentage of V02 max besides the amount of V02 max itself. In the present study, the authors were led to the conclusion that the well-trained had excellent capability as regards physical resources and high adaptability to exercise and, accordingly, they showed more rapid acceleration of physiological functions than the untrained and could maintain high efficiency for oxygen supply through the whole course of exercise. Moreover, the increase in blood sugar content during exercise was marked in the trained, although exercise was considered to augment the uptake and consumption of sugar, but the increase in lactate content was comparatively small and that in serum FFA content was also rather low. Although the relative physiological work load seemed to be similar in both trained and untrained, the level of oxygen intake and the blood content during exercise were distinctly higher in the trained than in the untrained. These findings seemed to suggest the excellent aerobic power in the trained was helpful in augmentation of sugar oxidation. PMID- 7288168 TI - Thermoregulatory responses of prepubertal boys to heat and cold in relation to physical training. AB - In an attempt to examine the effect of physical training on thermoregulatory responses in prepubertal boys, three series of experiments were performed, in summer. To all the subjects with swimming pants a heat stress was given through a foot bath of 42 degrees C in a hot climate, and a cold stress through exposure to an atmosphere at 20 degrees C Ta and 60% RH. Physical training increased work performance, whereas no significant effects were observed on rectal and mean skin temperatures. Metabolic rate was measured of children exposed alternately to 30 min heat and 30-min cold for 2 hr, and exposed to 60-min heat and 60-min cold separately, respectively. The mean skin temperature increased and decreased more on exposure to heat and cold, respectively, but the metabolic rate increased less remarkably in the children than in the adults. It was postulated thermoregulation might respond less distinctly to physical training in the children than in the adults, and that the decreased effect of training on the children might originate from an undifferentiated thermoregulatory system. PMID- 7288169 TI - Prediction of maximal oxygen intake over a wide range of air temperature conditions. AB - The correction of air temperature effect and the amendment of underestimation are two difficult problems for accomplishment of prediction of maximal oxygen intake from a simple submaximal test. The purpose of this study was to develop the prediction equation applicable over a wide range of air temperature conditions with no tendency of underestimation. Submaximal data were obtained from short exposure experiments to 20 degrees C, 30 degrees C and 40 degrees C of air temperature in a climatic chamber. The most valid prediction equation for young adult females was developed as VO2 max =[95.182VO2/(0.763Ve-1.092Wt 1.542Yr+16.82VO2+0.361OR+0.110Ht+63.655)]+0.126, and the one for young adult males was determined as V02 max =[87.919VO2/(0.484Ve-0.583Wt 1.354Yr+0.295OR+12.15VO2-0.110Ht+81.009)]+0.434 using the oxygen intake (VO2), pulmonary ventilation (Ve), ratio of oxygen removal (OR) during submaximal test work and body weight (Wt), stature (Ht) and age (Yr) of subjects. PMID- 7288170 TI - Outcome of asymptomatic infection with rubella virus during pregnancy. AB - We have tried to detect prenatal infection in 34 infants whose mothers were re infected with rubella virus during pregnancy and in six infants whose mothers had primary subclinical rubella during pregnancy. Two methods of assessment were used: first, serum obtained soon after birth was tested for IgM antibody; secondly, serum obtained after the age of 8 months was tested for specific IgG. The 34 women with re-infections had increases in IgG antibody titre but no IgM response. No evidence of prenatal infection was found in 33 of their 34 infants. One infant was found to have IgG antibody at the age of 11 months. This infant was IgM-negative at birth and had a rubelliform rash at the age of 5 1/2 months; it therefore probably contracted post- rather than pre-natal infection. Fetal infection from maternal re-infection during pregnancy is probably rare. The six women with primary subclinical rubella produced both IgG and IgM classes of antibody. Three of their six infants showed serological evidence of intrauterine infection. One, infected when its mother was 8 weeks pregnant, had clinical evidence of congenital rubella. Primary subclinical rubella during pregnancy therefore carries a significant risk of fetal infection. Because of the difference in outcome, great care should be taken to distinguish between primary infection and re-infection when investigating symptomless increases in antibody titre after contact with rubella during pregnancy. PMID- 7288171 TI - Trials of the anticoagulant rodenticides bromadiolone and difenacoum against the house mouse (Mus musculus L.). AB - Laboratory and field trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of the anticoagulant rodenticide bromadiolone against the house mouse (Mus musculus). In laboratory feeding tests, family groups of warfarin-resistant mice maintained in pens and conditioned to feeding on plain foods were offered pinhead oatmeal bait containing bromadiolone at 0.005%. Overall mortality in replicated 21-day poison treatments was 55/58 or 94.8%. Six field trials were carried out, using the same poison bait, against mice infesting farm buildings. Treatment success, estimated from the results of census baitings conducted before and after treatment, ranged between 60.4% and 100%, mean 92.4%. In equivalent field trials using difenacoum, another newly developed anticoagulant rodenticide, the control achieved ranged between 70.2% and 100%, mean 96.0%. Five field trials, three involving bromadiolone and two difenacoum, were not completely successful and the surviving mice were removed for laboratory examination. In 21-day toxicity tests, each animal was fed the poison bait offered to it earlier in the field. Bromadiolone and difenacoum gave kills of 12/21 (57.1%) and 9/11 (81.8%) respectively. The possible emergence of mouse populations resistant to these anticoagulants is considered. PMID- 7288172 TI - Evaluation of brodifacoum against T. indica, M. hurrianae and R. rattus. AB - Brodifacoum was evaluated in the laboratory against the two gerbils, Tatera indica and Meriones hurrianae and the house rat, Rattus rattus. The acute oral LD50 for these rodents was found to be 0.10 mg/kg, 0.083 mg/kg and 0.77 mg/kg respectively. Feeding tests with 0.002% and 0.005% brodifacoum produced a 100% mortality after a 3-day feeding period in the gerbils and after a 4-day period in R. rattus. The anticoagulant is toxic at both the concentrations to all three species but is less palatable in comparison to plain baits. Results of this laboratory evaluation indicates that 0.002% brodifacoum-treated bait can be effectively used against T. indica, M. hurrianae and R. rattus. PMID- 7288173 TI - Frequency of naturally occurring antibody to influenza virus antigenic variants selected in vitro with monoclonal antibody. AB - Antigenic variants of A/Texas/77 (H3N2) virus were selected in vitro using monoclonal antibody to virus haemagglutinin (HA). The antigenic variants and parental A/Texas/77 viruses were used to to evaluate the frequency of anti-HA antibodies in the sera of children and adults using single-radial-haemolysis (SRH) tests. Twenty to 41% of selected sera from adults, which contained antibody to the parental A/Texas/77 virus, failed to react with the different antigenic mutant viruses. A higher proportion of sera from children (37-58%) failed to react with the antigenic variants. Certain human sera and particularly those of children would appear to possess a more limited antibody repertoire to influenza HA, potentially allowing new antigenic variants to escape neutralization and spread in the community. PMID- 7288175 TI - Antibody response to immunization with influenza A/USSR/77 (H1N1) virus in young individuals primed or unprimed for A/New Jersey/76 (H1N1) virus. AB - A group of 269 pupils of the Harbour and Transport Training Institute in Rotterdam (group A), aged 13-20 years, and of 109 patients of the Dr Mr Willem van den Bergh Foundation at Noordwijk (group B), aged 11-21 years, were immunized with a whole virus vaccine containing 10, 20, or 40 microgram HA of A/USSR/92/77 (H1N1) influenza virus. A booster vaccination was administered 6 weeks later with 20 microgram HA of the same virus. Many of the participants had been immunized during the two preceding years with a whole virus vaccine containing A/New Jersey/8/76 (H1N1) (A/NJ/76) virus. The side-effects, mostly of a moderate nature, increased with the dose of virus in the vaccine. In group A side effects were least frequent in the vaccinees who had never received A/NJ/76 vaccine. A single dose of A/USSR/77 vaccine did not produce satisfactory levels of homologous antibodies. After booster immunization with 20 microgram HA of A/USSR/77 virus participants showed a higher homologous antibody response in all vaccine-dose groups if they had not been immunized with A/NJ/76 virus in previous years. After primary and especially after booster immunization with A/USSR/77 virus, a very high response against A/NJ/76 virus and adequate levels of A/NJ/76 antibody were found in participants who had been immunized previously with A/NJ/76 virus. Those who had not been immunized with this virus previously showed no or a very low antibody response to A/NJ/76 virus. PMID- 7288174 TI - A five-year study of influenza in families. Joint Public Health Laboratory Service/Royal College of General Practitioners working group. AB - A five year collaborative study of influenza in volunteer families from 1973-78 covered a period in which there were outbreaks every year but no major epidemics of influenza. Volunteers over the age of 15 years were bled before and after each of the five winters, and virus isolation was attempted from as many as possible when they reported episodes of illness. Children under 15 in the volunteer families were also swabbed when they were ill. Although most families experienced one or more attacks by influenza viruses, there was little transmission within families. PMID- 7288176 TI - Salmonella in the intestinal tract and associated lymph nodes of sheep and cattle. AB - The distribution of salmonellas along the gastrointestinal tract and in associated lymph nodes were studied in 100 sheep and 100 cattle at slaughter. Animals were chosen from those slaughtered on the first day of the week, since this meant that they were likely to have been held at the abattoir for several days and thus to be at high risk of salmonella infection. The contents of the rumen, abomasum, ileum, caecum and rectum were sampled, together with the lymph nodes draining each of these sites. Of the cattle, 77 were carrying salmonellas, including 61 with infected lymph nodes, whereas only 43 sheep were infected, 14 of them with infections in the nodes. The lower prevalence in sheep than in cattle might be explained by a shorter time between leaving the property and slaughter. In both species, within the gastrointestinal tract salmonellas were most frequently found in the caecum and rectum and least frequently in the abomasum. In cattle salmonellas were frequently present, usually in large numbers, in the lymph nodes draining the ileum, caecum and colon, but rarely in the ruminal and abomasal nodes; however this difference was not apparent in sheep. Over 70% of infected animals yielded more than one serotype, the maximum number isolated from any one animal being ten. PMID- 7288177 TI - BCG vaccination of children against leprosy in Uganda: final results. AB - A total of 19 200 children, all contacts or relatives of known leprosy patients, and all free of visible leprosy lesions, were included in a controlled trial of BCG vaccination against leprosy in Uganda between 1960 and 1964. They were followed for an average of 8 years, during which time 261 developed early leprosy lesions. A less comprehensive follow-up was carried out for a further 5 years, when 8 more cases of leprosy were identified.In the main intake, between 1960 and 1962, 16 150 tuberculin-negative or weakly tuberculin-positive (Heaf Grades O-II) children were allocated by an effectively random process to either a BCG vaccinated or an unvaccinated control group. Both groups were seen and examined in an identical fashion for leprosy at approximately 2-year intervals, and precautions were taken to ensure unbiased assessment of new cases of leprosy. After 8 years, 41 cases of leprosy had been identified in the BCG-vaccinated group, and 201 in the control group, a percentage reduction in the BCG-vaccinated group compared with the control group of 80%. The percentage reduction was similar for those initially tuberculin-negative, and for those initially weakly positive, and did not depend upon the age at vaccination. It was also similar for both sexes, for contacts of lepromatous and contacts of non-lepromatous leprosy, for children having contact with one or more than one patient, and for differing grades of physical contact and genetic relationship with a patient. The protective effect of BCG vaccination continued over the 8-year period, although it may have fallen off slightly at the end.In a group of 1074 strongly tuberculin positive (Heaf Grades III-IV) children followed in parallel with the other two groups a total of 16 cases of leprosy were identified. When adjusted for age, this incidence is 58% lower than that in the unvaccinated control children who were initially tuberculin-negative, indicating a protective effect against leprosy of naturally-acquired strong tuberculin sensitivity.Between 1970 and 1975, one new case of leprosy was identified in a child who had initially been strongly tuberculin-positive and had therefore not been vaccinated, one in a BCG vaccinated child, and 6 in control children. Although the follow-up in this period was less comprehensive than that in the main part of the trial, the ascertainment of cases was unlikely to have been biased towards either vaccinated or control children. These results indicate a continuing protective effect of BCG up to 12-13 years after vaccination. PMID- 7288178 TI - Comparison of radioimmunoassay and the gel filtration technique for routine diagnosis of rubella during pregnancy. AB - Radioimmunoassay (RIA) for rubella-specific IgM antibodies was compared with haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) in conjunction with gel filtration for the diagnosis of rubella infection in pregnant women during a 1-year period. In total 476 women were investigated of whom 221 were tested for rubella IgM. Both techniques gave positive results with 64 sera, and RIA alone with one additional serum. Difficulties associated with the removal of non-specific HI activity were encountered with four sera all of which were negative by RIA. RIA was found to have practical advantages over the gel filtration method but is at present technically more difficult to perform. PMID- 7288179 TI - Corynebacterium haemolyticum infections in Sri Lanka. AB - Corynebacterium haemolyticum infections are described for the first time in Sri Lanka. In a period of 2 years from 1978-80 C. haemolyticum was isolated from the pharynx of 9 patients wih tonsillitis and from local septic lesions in 7 other patients. Association with other pathogens was common. No patients had a rash. The properties of the isolates are described. PMID- 7288180 TI - Variation in skin and environmental survival of hospital gentamicin-resistant enterobacteria. AB - During a period when 245 patients were infected by or harboured gentamicin resistant enterobacteria, random sampling showed hand carriage in 33% of affected patients but in only 5% of attendant staff. Only klebsiellae were isolated from the latter. Recovery was commoner from the hands of bed-ridden patients or faecal carriers and significantly more frequent for klebsiellae (37%) and enterobacter (33%) than citrobacter (5.6%) and E. coli (5.0%). Similarly, survival on forearms of volunteers was much longer for klebsiellae and enterobacter than for citrobacter or E. coli (means respectively were 70, 45, 10 and 13 min), and on dry surfaces (means respectively were 28, 26, 3 and 7 h). Klebsiellae were isolated from 17 of the 56 dry environmental surfaces sampled. The presence of plasmid resistance determinants had no effect on survival times, either on the skin or following drying onto formica surfaces. On dry surfaces 9.5% of E. coli but only 1.3% of klebsiellae lost resistance to gentamicin. These findings accord well with recent experience in which gentamicin-resistant klebsiellae have been involved to a much greater extent than other resistant enterobacteria in hospital infection. PMID- 7288181 TI - Bacteroides species in the normal neonatal faecal flora. AB - Bacteroides spp. were isolated from the faeces of neonates and identified by rapid modifications of established conventional methods. Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli were recovered from 12 out of 16 neonates and a heavy growth of Bacteroides spp. was obtained from all 12 specimens. Twelve representative isolates from each subject were selected for identification; 141 of the 144 Bacteroides isolates belonged to the B. fragilis group and three to the B. melaninogenicus/oralis group. Eight species were represented within the B. fragilis group. B. vulgatus (c. 46%) and B. thetaiotaomicron (c. 30%) were the predominant species. B. fragilis, the type-species of the group, formed only a small proportion of neonatal faecal flora. The proportional representation of individual species were similar to that found in adults but B. asaccharolyticus was not represented. PMID- 7288182 TI - Echovirus type 11 infection in Melbourne--1953 to 1980. AB - Echovirus type 11 (echo 11) has been isolated at the virus laboratory of Fairfield Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, in 20 of the 28 years since the laboratory was established. During this time two major epidemics have occurred; the first, in 1971-2 involved 90 patients with aseptic meningitis or respiratory illness. The second began in June 1979 and lasted for 11 months, during which echo 11 was isolated from 174 patients admitted to Fairfield Hospital, other Victorian and Tasmanian hospitals and a children's reception centre. The patients' illnesses included viral meningitis (66%), fever (10%), respiratory infections (7%) and gastroenteritis (2%). One baby died. Echo 11 was recovered from nasopharyngeal swabs or aspirates, cerebrospinal fluid and faecal specimens and was isolated most frequently in the Borrie cell line. Isolates were readily identified by immune electron microscopy and/or neutralization tests. PMID- 7288183 TI - A critical analysis of measured food energy intakes during infancy and early childhood in comparison with current international recommendations. AB - An examination of published reports of measured energy intakes of infants and young children reveals that during the first year of life the pattern of change in food energy intake differs fundamentally from the WHO/FAO (1973) Recommendations. In contrast to the progressive linear decline in intake per kg body weight that has previously been assumed, measured intakes are not only substantially lower, but fall much more rapidly up to six months. In even greater contrast, they then rise again, to coincide with the recommendations, reaching a peak at around two years. These findings enable a more realistic assessment to be made of the adequacy of breast milk as the sole source of food in the early months of life. PMID- 7288184 TI - An anthropometric and dietary assessment of the nutritional status of vegan preschool children. AB - The nutritional status of 23 vegan children between one and five years was assessed using anthropometric and dietary criteria. All of the children had been breastfed for at least the first six months of life and in most cases well into the second year. The majority of the children were growing normally but they did tend to be smaller in stature and lighter in weight when compared with standards. Energy, calcium and vitamin D intakes were usually below those recommended. Their diets, however, were generally adequate but a few children had low intakes of riboflavin and vitamin B12. It is concluded that, provided sufficient care is taken, a vegan diet can meet the nutritional requirements of the preschool child. PMID- 7288185 TI - Price of amino acids as a basis for planning protein adequate diets. AB - This paper considers the needs of field level nutrition educators in developing countries for an easy method of giving usable dietary advice suited to specific family compositions, incomes, production patterns, seasons, and food preferences. It describes the development and application of a tool which combines available data on seasonal food prices, amino acid requirements, and amino acid compositions of foods. The accuracy and implications of the tool are discussed. PMID- 7288186 TI - A study of junior school meals in South Glamorgan. AB - A survey was carried out during spring term 1980 to assess the nutritional content and the uptake of the school meal amongst junior schoolchildren. Fifty eight per cent of children attending the schools surveyed took the school meal, the remainder went home or brought sandwiches. The school meal provided, on average, 2258 kJ (540 kcal), 20 g protein, 19 g fat and 15 g sucrose. A mean of 11 per cent energy, 9 per cent protein and 14 per cent fat were wasted. A small number of 'sandwich' meals brought by children at these schools were examined. On average, these provided rather more energy but less protein, and waste was lower than with the school meal. PMID- 7288187 TI - Using the 'english as a second language' class as a medium for nutrition education to immigrant groups. PMID- 7288188 TI - An immunization method using antigen entrapped in erythrocyte ghosts. AB - Intraperitoneal injection into mice of dinitrophenol-conjugated ovalbumin entrapped in autologous erythrocyte ghosts gave rise to an increase of anti dinitrophenol antibody production without use of artificial adjuvants. This technique could be useful for vaccination or other immuno-therapeutic purposes. PMID- 7288189 TI - Tritium radiolabeling of antibodies to high specific activity with N-succinimidyl [2,3-3H] propionate: use in detecting monoclonal antibodies. AB - A simple method has been established for tritium labeling immunoglobulins. This label avoids certain disadvantages of 125iodine such as high radiation hazard and requirement for frequent labeling owing to the short half-life of this isotope. High specific activities (range 1.8-9.0 cpm/mu g protein) were obtained with no loss of functional activity as demonstrated by passive hemagglutination. The labeled conjugate is especially suitable for detection of activity in hybridoma supernatants by indirect binding assay. Adapted to microtiter plates, the method is suitable for large numbers of samples, e.g. up to 800 supernatants may be examined daily. The utility and advantages of the binding assay with respect to reproducibility, sensitivity, binding kinetics, easy and rapid performance are described. PMID- 7288191 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to antigens from anaerobic cultures of seven oral bacteria. AB - Monocultures of 7 oral bacteria were grown anaerobically, and antigens were partially purified from the supernatant fluids by gel filtration. Isoelectric focussing showed that the antigen fractions contained PAS-positive material and proteins focussing between pH 3.5 and pH 5.5. Specific activity against the 7 antigen fractions was observed for IgG, IgA, and IgM in serum from patients with periodontal disease by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Conditions for antigen coating in ELISA were studied, and large variations with regard to optimal concentration were found among the 7 fractions. The ELISA readings were virtually unaffected by increasing the pH of the coating buffer from 5 to 9. Addition of sheep serum to the incubation buffer was disadvantageous as the serum showed moderate antibody activity to the 7 antigen fractions, and human serum apparently contained IgM antibodies to sheep IgG. Addition of 0.5% BSA improved the reproducibility of ELISA considerably, although the sensitivity was somewhat decreased. PMID- 7288190 TI - A rapid immunoadsorbent radioimmunoassay for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody. AB - Antibody to the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been demonstrated in the disorder myasthenia gravis and is the pathologic factor producing the characteristic symptoms of the disorder. A rapid, quantitative and sensitive radioimmunoassay using human acetylcholine receptor, affinity labeled with iodinated alpha-bungarotoxin, and utilizing the immunoadsorbent protein A-bearing Staphylococcal aureus is described. The assay has proven as effective and more efficient than double antibody immunoprecipitation assays in diagnostic screening, evaluation of various forms of therapy, determining kinetics of receptor and antibody interaction, and the production of antireceptor antibody by peripheral blood lymphocytes in culture. PMID- 7288194 TI - Isolation of neutrophils and eosinophils from the peripheral blood of cattle and comparison of their functional activities. AB - A procedure for isolating purified populations of neutrophils and eosinophils from bovine peripheral blood is described. The procedure involves the centrifugation of anti-coagulated whole bovine blood, flash lysis of the packed red blood cells and separation of the eosinophils from the neutrophils by centrifugation on a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. The following parameters were evaluated on populations of greater than 90% pure eosinophils and neutrophils: (1) random migration under agarose, (2) ingestion of 125I-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, (3) nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, (4) iodination, or the conversion of 125I to a trichloroacetic acid precipitable form, (5) antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and (6) the amount of intracellular peroxidase. Neutrophils were significantly more active than eosinophils in the ingestion of S. aureus and in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Eosinophils were much more active than neutrophils in the resting and stimulated iodination test and they contained higher levels of peroxidase. There was no difference between the two cell types in their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium or migrate under agarose. The effect of Ficoll-Hypaque on granulocyte function was determined. Previous contact with Ficoll-Hypaque significantly reduced random migration but other function tests were unaffected. PMID- 7288192 TI - Simple hanging drop (20 microliter) double antibody radioimmunoassay of human IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD and IgE. AB - A simple hanging drop radioimmunoassay has been developed for different classes of human immunoglobulin from serum and culture supernatant samples. The immune precipitate was formed in inverted Terasaki plates (20 microliter per well) using 4 aliquots (5 microliter) as follows: (A) a standard or unknown sample; (B) rabbit antisera to the appropriate immunoglobulin class; (C) 125I-labelled human immunoglobulin of the appropriate class; (D) a developing goat-anti rabbit serum. The immune precipitate in the hanging drop was harvested and washed without centrifugation with a simple Terasaki plate harvester. The method gives a great saving both in time and in sample and reagent volumes in comparison with an established double antibody assay in tubes (4 X 100 microliter aliquots). PMID- 7288193 TI - Estimation of the number of monoclonal hybridomas in a cell fusion experiment. Effect of post-fusion cell dilution on hybridoma survival. AB - A practical method is described for the estimation of the number of monoclonal hybridomas in a cell fusion experiment as a function of the percent of culture dishes showing hybridoma growth. Our method is based on the Poisson probability model. A justification for the method is included. The application of this model to our experimental results indicates that the probability of hybridoma survival decreases with post-fusion cell dilution even in the presence of a constant number of feeder cells. PMID- 7288195 TI - A sol particle agglutination assay for human chorionic gonadotrophin. AB - Conjugates, prepared by adsorption of antibodies on colloidal gold particles, were used in a homogeneous sol particle immunoassay (SPIA) for human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The technique is based on sol particle agglutination, resulting in colour reduction. Optimal results were obtained using buffered conjugates prepared from 50 nm particles. Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6 000 to the conjugates, up to 15 g/l, increased the agglutination rate considerably. The optimal PEG 6 000 concentration of the conjugate depended on the desired incubation time and measuring range. The influence of temperature on the agglutination was negligible in the temperature range between 4 and 45 degrees C. Higher conjugate concentrations resulted in steeper dose-response curves. However, the measuring range (between 62.5 and 2 000 IU/l HCG) and the detection limit (approx. 50 IU/l HCG) were about the same. The dose-response curves for HCG dissolved in buffer or in urine were almost identical and their reproducibility was satisfactory. In our experience, homogeneous SPIAs have a high practicability, are easy to automate and provide an interesting new tool for the measurement of a variety of analytes. PMID- 7288196 TI - Platelet-bound IgG in systemic lupus erythematosus with and without thrombocytopenia. AB - A new assay for IgG bound to autologous platelets is described, in which IgG is dissociated from platelets washed at low pH, then measured by radioimmunoassay. Platelet-bound IgG was found to be elevated in thrombocytopenic patients with SLE and reduced in non-thrombocytopenic patients with this disease. There was a close inverse correlation of platelet-bound IgG and platelet count. Immune complexes did not interfere with the assay. PMID- 7288197 TI - Chemotaxis under agarose utilizing human serum depleted of C-5 derived peptides. AB - An immunoabsorbent column was made with antibody to trypsinized human C5. This column removed the chemotactic activity from zymosan-activated serum as well as from C5a des-arg-enriched fractions. Anti-trypsinized C5-absorbed human serum was substituted for unabsorbed human serum in the chemotaxis under agarose system. This resulted in significantly reduced random neutrophil migration with a negligible effect on C5a des-arg or FMLP-directed migration. The results indicate that much of the random migration observed in the chemotaxis under agarose system is due to C5-derived peptides present in normal human serum. PMID- 7288198 TI - Milk-specific antibody measurement by elisa: development of an assay. AB - This paper describes the development of a simple, sensitive and specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of serum IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to cow's milk protein. The specificity of this assay was determined by preparing immunosorbents of cow's milk and human serum albumin (HSA). Fractionation of the antiserum-enzyme label by gel filtration and affinity chromatography showed that the conjugate preparation contained moieties of antiserum-enzyme, and antiserum-enzyme polymers. The preparation also contained enzyme-enzyme and antiserum-antiserum conjugates. Purification of the labeled reagent did not improve the sensitivity. The reagents and conditions used have been analyzed for purposes of standardisation. PMID- 7288199 TI - Inhibition of whole blood antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity by heat aggregated human IgG. AB - Inhibition of the whole blood antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of a lymphoblastoid cell line by heat aggregated human IgG (HAI) is described. Optimal sensitising antibody and effector cell concentrations were established to permit the detection of 0.1 microgram/ml HAI. Conditions which avoid the ADCC inhibitory effects of normal human sera were defined. Twelve paired normal human sera were stored at -70 degrees C for prolonged (greater than 3 years) and shorter (less than 6 months) periods of time. Sensitised sheep red cells were used to determine complement depletion in serum dilutions heated at 40 degrees C, 45 degrees C, 50 degrees C. Concentrations of human IgG (1 000-0.1 microgram/ml) were prepared in foetal calf serum before heating at 63 degrees C for 30 min to aggregate the IgG. ADCC inhibitory activity, frequently characteristic of normal human serum was minimised (less than 10%) when sera were stored at -70 degrees C and heated to 50 degrees C for 30 min to inactivate serum complement. This assay provides an economical, reproducible and sensitive test for the detection of circulating IgG complexes. PMID- 7288201 TI - The art of doing 'nothing'. PMID- 7288202 TI - Use of a local anesthetic agent to decrease arteriogram pain. PMID- 7288200 TI - Management of the child with status asthmaticus. PMID- 7288207 TI - The microbiology of the human axilla and its relationship to axillary odor. AB - The axillary microflora of 229 subjects was characterized quantitatively and the results correlated with whether the odor was pungent body odor or instead a faint "acid odor". The axillary flora was found to be a stable mixture of Micrococcaceae, aerobic diphtheroids and Propionibacteria. Significantly higher numbers of bacteria were recovered from the axilla of those with pungent axillary odor than in those with acid odor. Aerobic diphtheroids in high numbers were recovered in all subjects having typical body odor. These included lipophilic as well as large-colony diphtheroids. When droplets of apocrine sweat placed on the forearm were inoculated with various bacteria which reside in the axilla, only diphtheroids generated typical body odor. Cocci produced a sweaty odor attributable to isovaleric acid. PMID- 7288204 TI - Beneficial effect of an essential fatty acid deficient diet in NZB/NZW F1 mice. AB - New Zealand Black by White (B/W) hybrid mice spontaneously develop a disease similar to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Subepidermal immunoglobulin deposits (Se-Ig) and antibodies to double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) develop in aging mice. Death from glomerulonephritis occurs at 8 to 12 mo. Previous findings suggest that epidermal DNA:anti-dsDNA complexes form in situ since Se-Ig correlates with anti-ds DNA and Se-Ig accumulation is augmented by increased epidermal proliferation (presumably due to enhanced epidermal DNA release). Since essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency is known to increase epidermal proliferation we have studied the effect of an essential fatty acid deficient EFA d diet on: (1) Se-Ig, anti-dsDNA, and (3) survival. Ten-mo B/W mice on an EFA-d diet were compared with 14 controls on a calorically equivalent standard diet. Both groups were initiated on their diets at 2 mo of age. Only female mice were used. All were weighed weekly; tested for anti-ds DNA (Crithidia luciliae assay) each month; and biopsied for direct immunofluorescence (IF) staining of skin at 6, 7.5, 9, 10.5, and 12 mo. Tissue (skin and kidney) was also obtained for light and IF microscopy. Weights in the 2 study groups were essentially identical. All disease manifestations examined were strikingly altered in the EFA-d animals. Only 2 of 14 (14%) control animals survived to 9 mo and both had anti-dsDNA and Se-Ig. In contrast, 8 of 10 (80%) EFA-d mice were alive at 9 mo and none had anti dsDNA or Se-Ig. The kidneys from EFA-d mice at 10 mo were normal; however, all kidneys from 7 to 9 mo control mice were abnormal by both light and IF microscopy. Eight of the 10 EFA-d mice were alive at 10 mo. None had Se-Ig but one had anti-dsDNA. At 16 mo (4 mo after controls had died) 7 of 10 EFA-d mice were living and 60% were anti-ds DNA positive. These findings strongly suggest that (1) SE-Ig is present in mice with anti-dsDNA and severe renal disease and (2) EFA-d produces a profoundly beneficial effect in the disease process. PMID- 7288205 TI - Photoaugmentation in the hairless mouse: a study using ornithine decarboxylase activity and alteration of DNA synthesis as markers of epidermal response. AB - Photoaugmentation is the potentiation of UVB-induced cutaneous erythema by UV irradiation. We have examined other cutaneous responses to UVB irradiation-the 4 hr depression of DNA synthesis, the 48 hr stimulation of DNA synthesis, and the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), to determine whether these were also susceptible to augmentation by UVA, which does not cause these responses when administered alone. No photoaugmentation of DNA synthesis, stimulation or ODC induction occurred. The early depression of DNA synthesis was slightly augmented for this did not consistently reach significance. PMID- 7288203 TI - Lumbar microdiscectomy. PMID- 7288206 TI - Collagen synthesis by human skin fibroblasts in culture: studies of fibroblasts explanted from papillary and reticular dermis. AB - Matched human skin fibroblast cultures were established from papillary and reticular dermis. Papillary dermal fibroblasts exhibited increased plating efficiency, exponential growth, and confluent density when compared with their matched reticular dermal cultures. Collagen synthesis by these cells, however, was essentially similar regardless of their origin. Relative collagen synthesis was similar at confluent densities. No differences in type specific collagen synthesis could be detected; relative amounts of types I and III collagens in culture media and types I, III, and AB collagens in the cellular pellet were similar. Type I pC collagen was consistently elevated in culture media from reticular dermal fibroblasts when compared to papillary dermal fibroblasts. The significance of this difference in procollagen processing is unknown. PMID- 7288208 TI - Optical transforms of epidermal Langerhans' cell granules. AB - The internal structure of the epidermal Langerhans' cell granule (LCG) was studied with optical transforms of electron micrographs representing 3 planes of sectioning. Its "limiting membrane" exhibited linear discontinuity with a periodicity of about 11 nm similar to the structural repeats of the core (10.8 mm) in both the "outer" and the "internal leaflets". The average thickness of the nonvesicular part of the LCG was 55.7 nm. Disarray present in the optical diffractograms was incompatible with crystallinic or paracrystallinic orderliness of the periodic structures in the LCG. The structure appeared as an assembly of 4 sheets of roughly hexagonally packed particles: The stacked particles of 2 sheets in orthogonal contact forming the core (13.2 nm) were separated by an intermediate space (2.7 nm) from the single sheet of the outer layer and staggered by one-half the particle diameter on cross-sections. The validity of this model was inferred from the similarity of optical transforms of model structures. PMID- 7288209 TI - An outbreak of influenza B in an elderly population. AB - An outbreak of influenza B occurred in an elderly population residing in a Minnesota nursing home between April 24 and May 21, 1979 and involved 129 (35.9%) of the 359 residents. Throat swabs from 11 and 19 acutely ill residents yielded influenza B virus similar to the B/Singapore/79 strain. Fourfold or greater increases in titer of complement-fixing or hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies were detected in paired sera from 18 of the 19 persons affected and from three of 16 unaffected residents. Three hundred thirty-three (93%) of the 359 residents had received trivalent influenza virus vaccine in November 1978. The attack rate was age-specific and increased with age (z = 2.69; P = 0.007). Increasing susceptibility to influenza B with age in the elderly has not been previously demonstrated in this infrequently studied population. Increased risk for becoming ill was also found to be statistically associated with decreasing levels of care required and residence in closed wards and temporally associated with taking meals in the facility's dining areas. PMID- 7288210 TI - Chronic hepatitis B: correlation between viral replication and clinical course. AB - Twenty carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were followed for two to seven years, and their histologic progression was correlated with HBV core-associated DNA polymerase (DNAP) activity as a marker of viral replication. Seventeen patients were divided into two groups according to their pattern of viral replication: group 1, consistently high levels of DNAP; group 2, low levels of DNAP. Chronic persistent hepatitis predominated in group 1; chronic active hepatitis predominated in group 2. The three remaining patients were consistently negative for DNAP. In two patients in group 2, prominent viral replication preceded a transient increase in transaminase levels, as in acute hepatitis. Although groups 1 and 2 were distinct in their patterns of viral replication, they did not differ significantly in histologic progression. Thus, viral replication is related, at least in part, to hepatic cell necrosis but does not correlate closely with progression to liver cirrhosis. PMID- 7288211 TI - IgM antibody response to staphylococcal infection. AB - Of patients with staphylococcal infections, high levels of IgM antibodies of staphylococci measured by radioimmunoassay were present in 13 of 17 patients with endocarditis, nine of 23 with complicated bacteremia, one of 20 with uncomplicated bacteremia, and two of 21 with nonbacteremic infections. Of control subjects, high levels of IgM antibodies were present in seven of 26 individuals with gram-positive infections, two of 16 with gram-negative infections, two of 20 with rheumatoid arthritis, and two of 50 uninfected persons. Concomitant elevation of IgG and IgM antibody levels occurred in 20 of 40 patients with endocarditis or complicated bacteremia compared with two of 41 patients with other types of staphylococcal infections and three of 112 control subjects. IgM antibodies only were present early in the infection in six of 13 patients with staphylococcal endocarditis or complicated bacteremia. IgG or IgM antibody levels remained elevated at least four weeks after initiation of treatment. PMID- 7288212 TI - Epidemiologic studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants: antibody response to nasopharyngeal carriage of types 3, 19, and 23. AB - The relationship between nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae types 3, 19, and 23 and the development of homotypic serum antibody was examined in 17 infants followed prospectively from birth. Serially drawn sera from these children and single serum samples from 18 normal adolescents were assayed for opsonizing antibody using reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium to measure phagocytosis of killed whole pneumococci. Selected sera were also tested for quantitative antibody level by a radioimmunoassay, which correlated quite well with the nitroblue tetrazolium assay. All but one of the adolescents had antibody to type 19, and all 18 had antibody to type 23. None of the 12 infants tested for antibody to type 19 pneumococci showed evidence of an antibody response. Two of 10 infants responded to type 23 pneumococci, as did two of three infants tested to type 3 pneumococci. PMID- 7288213 TI - Antibodies to lipid A during urinary tract infection. AB - Serum levels of antibodies to lipid A were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 26 girls with their first known symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) and in 15 girls with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). Also included were six female patients with recurrence of acute upper UTI, five of whom had renal changes after the infections; 28 female patients with renal scarring but not symptomatic UTI at the time of investigation; and uninfected individuals. IgG and IgM antibodies to lipid A were found in approximately 50% of the uninfected children older than two years of age. Girls with acute cystitis, acute pyelonephritis, or ABU showed significantly elevated levels of IgG antibodies to lipid A as compared with children with no history of UTI. High levels of IgG antibodies to lipid A may be indicative of severe renal infection and development or progression of renal parenchymal reduction. The diagnostic value of determining levels of antibodies to lipid A is discussed. PMID- 7288215 TI - An improved system for studying the effect of Bordetella bronchiseptica on the ciliary activity of canine tracheal epithelial cells. AB - Ciliated epithelial cell outgrowths from canine tracheal explants were used to study the interaction between Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine respiratory cilia. A sensitive system for quantitating the ciliary beat frequencies of an individual cell was used to study the effects of B. bronchiseptica on ciliary function. Phase I and intermediate-phase B. bronchiseptica isolates produced significant reductions (greater than or equal to 50%) in ciliary beat frequencies within 5 min and nearly complete ciliostasis within 3 hr. A rough-phase isolate of B. bronchiseptica and heat- and formalin-killed preparations of the phase I isolate had no ciliostatic effect. Phase I and intermediate-phase isolates attached to cilia, whereas the rough-phase isolate did not. The ciliostatic effects of the phase I isolate could not be reproduced with endotoxin or culture supernatants from the organism. Thus, attachment alone does not produce ciliostasis; ciliostatic effects of Bordetella may require the close association between metabolically active organisms and cilia. PMID- 7288214 TI - Production of leukocytic pyrogen from phagocytes of neonates. AB - To study the lack of fever during the human newborn period, cord blood leukocytes obtained at birth were stimulated to produce leukocytic pyrogen (LP) in vitro. Phagocytic leukocytes from infants who were born by Caesarean section and whose mothers had not experienced natural onset of labor produced no LP or significantly less LP than leukocytes from adults or from infants born after natural onset of labor. There was a significant difference between total white blood cell count in cord blood of infants whose phagocytic cells produced LP and those whose cells did not. This observation could not be accounted for by anesthetic agents, phagocytosis of staphylococci, or number of leukocytes producing LP; thus, they suggest an intrinsic defect in the ability to produce LP before birth. Of interest is that a nondialyzable substance(s) present in crude preparations of human chorionic gonadotropin markedly suppressed LP production from adult human monocytes, but purified human chorionic gonadotropin had no effect. PMID- 7288216 TI - Tetanus toxoid: what determines reaction proneness? PMID- 7288218 TI - In vitro veritas? Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and their clinical relevance. PMID- 7288217 TI - Temperature sensitivity of isolates of echovirus type II causing chronic meningoencephalitis in an agammaglobulinemic patient. PMID- 7288219 TI - Staphylococcus aureus in toxic-shock syndrome. PMID- 7288220 TI - [Ultrasensitive dark-field light microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288221 TI - [Application of two-dimensional electrophoresis to the analysis of speciation in Anopheles hyrcanus complex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288222 TI - [Clinical application of the evoked spinal cord potentials. Part 1. Neurophysiological assessment of the evoked spinal cord potentials in experimental cord trauma - with reference to cord compression and ischemia (author's transl)]. AB - Numerous investigators endeavored to make clear pathophysiological changes in a traumatic spinal cord lesion. The development of neuroscience contributed to have an influence on methods of these researches. This study was undertaken to assess electrophysiological changes resulting from variable periods of experimental spinal cord compression or ischemia by using the evoked spinal cord potentials. Experiments were performed on dogs. Following laminectomies at Th7-9 and L3-4 levels under anesthesia, cord injuries were produced at the lower thoracic level by inflation of an extradurally placed balloon which produced slow graded compression of cord dorsum. Evoked spinal cord potentials to sciatic nerve stimulation were recorded from bipolar electrodes in the midline dorsal subdural space at the operative sites. The normal wave forms of two responses consisted of initially positive triphasic potentials (P1, N1, P2). The conduction velocity of the ascending afferent from the leg was found on the average to be 54.8 +/- 9.7 m/sec between lumbar and dorsal cord. On the basis of the conduction velocities and the responses to stimulus intensities, the afferent volley recorded in the present experiments might reflect synaptic cord afferent pathways originated without Group I fibers in the cord dorsum which were situated ipsilateral to the stimulated nerve. After inflation of the balloon with 0.1 cc of water, spinal canal narrowing rate increased to 14.3 +/- 2.9%. The evoked spinal cord potentials in the lead rostral to the site of compression began to decrease in amplitude. When more water was added into the balloon up to 0.4 - 0.6 cc, spinal canal narrowing rate was enhanced to 42.5 - 77.7% in which potentials were abolished. P2 wave was the first to be abolished and subsequently N1, P1 disappeared in order. On the other hand, the potentials reappeared after decompression in the reverse of their disappearance in order. Responses in dogs with complete recovery from paraplegia returned to the precompression wave pattern both in the amplitude and in latency. On the contrary, in dogs with spastic paraparesis, the recovery of wave form was shown as P1, N1 or P1, N1 with depressed P2. Despite this variability, the evoked response from animals with reversible cord injury were discernible in the early period of spinal shock phase. The degree of recovery varied and had no linear relationship to the recovery grade of clinical symptoms. The experimental cord ischemia was made by inflation of a balloon catheter which was inserted from femoral artery into the upper thoracic aorta. The evoked spinal cord potentials were recorded at the midthoracic and lumbar level. Changes of wave form resulting from the ischemic period of 30 minutes were first the amplitude loss of N1 and subsequently that of P2, P1. On the other hand, the responses gradually returned to their pre-ischemic characteristic about 30 minutes after circulatory reestablishment... PMID- 7288223 TI - [Clinical application of the evoked spinal cord potentials. Part 2: Neurophysiological assessment of the evoked spinal cord potentials in cervical lesion (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of the results of the previous experiments, the evoked spinal cord potentials may prove useful in evaluating clinical aspects of human spinal cord function. The purpose of this paper is to interpret and compare wave form characteristics which were recorded from electrodes placed on the cervical lamina of patients with cervical cord lesion. The investigation were performed on 53 subjects including 7 normal volunteers. The evoked spinal cord potentials to median or ulnar nerve stimulation were recorded from electrodes placed on the cervical lamina. Routinely, 100 responses were summated by a averaging computer. The normal response consisted of initially positive triphasic potentials (P1, N1,P2). The latency of P1 was 8.3 +/- 0.6 msec. In 13 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, responses were consistently identified as P1, N1, P2 in all cases although they decreased in amplitude, increased in duration and latency. The changes of response did not always concern with the severity of clinical symptoms. On the other hand, in 23 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, it was possible to differentiate 4 types of potentials. They were remnant of P1, N1, P2(3 cases), decrease of P2 (2 cases), decrease of N1 (9 cases) and decrease or disappearance of N1, P2 (9 cases). In 9 cases showing decrease or disappearance of N1, P2 severe myelopathy was found clinically. These results suggest that the evoked spinal cord potentials may be helpful to assess the severity of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. However, wave form characteristics should be carefully analyzed because responses do not accurately reflect the extent of lesion. Recordings were also performed on 7 patients with cervical cord injury. In 1 case clinically judged to be complete transverse cord injury, responses in leads at the level of the lesion yielded a positive deflection followed by the first spike wave (P1). This would be expected with a killed end potential which arises in the level of cord lesion. However this potential could not be always detected in patients with complete cord injury but found in experimental animals. It is hoped that further refinement of these techniques may lead to methods that will be of value clinically for assessing the severity of a lesion and the prognosis for recovery. PMID- 7288224 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of the evoked electrospinogram for monitoring spinal cord function (author's transl)]. AB - The evoked electrospinograms (EESG), by stimulation of and recording from the spinal cord, was investigated as a means of estimating spinal cord function and damage. Sixteen mongrel adult dogs were monitored in a basic examination of EESG. Relationship between change of EESG and spinal cord function was examined in 27 dogs. A spinal compression device was placed at L2 level, and bipolar electrodes at the T11 and L5 levels respectively. Supramaximal electric stimulation with rectangular pulses of 0.1 millisecond and 2 to 5 volt was given once per second by constant current stimulation. EESGs were classified according to the change in amplitude caused by acute spinal cord compression and were observed for three weeks. Results 1. Spike potentials in short latency of EESG were interpreted as action potentials which directly pass through superficial layer of posterolateral tracts of spinal cord, and change of spike potentials were through not to reflect the histological degeneration of gray matter and one side of the spinal cord. 2. Spike potentials on acute spinal cord compression showed temporary increase of amplitude followed by reduction of amplitude with increasing latency, finally disappearance. Decrease of amplitude of spike potentials was noted initially at the compression which narrowed spinal canal diameter about 5%. Disappearance of spike potentials took place suddenly at the compression causing 80% narrowing of spinal canal diameter. 3. Change of spike potentials by acute spinal cord compression corresponded well to the prognosis of motor function. Voluntary motor function may be estimated subjectively by change of amplitude of spike potentials of EESG. Namely, in dogs with decrease of the amplitude by half, a full recovery of hind-limb paralysis took place. In 1/3 of the dogs with decrease of the amplitude of more than half, incomplete paralysis persisted, and disappearance of the potential indicated of severe paralysis. Based on the data from the above experiments, EESGs induced from 40 clinical cases were analyzed. Conclusions. This study showed that EESG by stimulation of the spinal cord was an effective method in spinal cord monitoring. However, the clinical data showed no distinct correlation between EESG and the degree of spinal cord function as did the animal experiments. PMID- 7288225 TI - [Shoulder mechanism - study based on cineradiography and radiography with the arm elevated (author's transl)]. AB - In order to better understand the shoulder mechanism and make a clinical assessment of the "zero-position", a study by means of cineradiography and radiography was performed on normal and disordered shoulders with arm elevated. The conception of the "scapular plane" has been widely accepted as the reference plane for the mechanism at the shoulder joint, but practically this plane is not easily defined. Thus, a cineradiographic study of 50 normal joints has been carried out in 7 planes between the frontal and the sagittal plane, during upward and downward movement of the arm. As a result, it was determined that the "scapular plane" should be inclined forward at an angle of 30 degrees to the frontal plane. In evaluating the anatomical relationship between the humeral head and the glenoid during upward and downward movement of the arm, 50 normal shoulders and 22 disordered shoulders composed of 12 loose shoulders and 10 rotator cuff injuries were analyzed in the "scapular plane" using devised method of measurement. Concerning the "zero-position", information was gained mostly from radiographies of 600 normal and 32 disordered shoulder joints. Especially o the disordered joints, a radiographic study of the shoulder with arm elevated was made pre- and postoperatively with the arm elevated. The results obtained are as follows, 1. In the "zero-position", the humerus must be elevated to 150 degrees in the "scapular plane", with individual variations. 2. Regularization of the glenohumeral rhythm of the normal shoulder joints was observed between the end of the "setting phase" and the "zero-position". 3. Glenohumeral mechanism of the normal and disordered shoulders was different between upward and downward movement of the arm, especially more remarkable at the disordered joints. 4. Lateral deviation of the humeral head toward the glenoid was found in the loose shoulder during upward and downward movement of the arm, especially during maximum elevation of the arm. 5. Glenoid osteotomy was determined to be the reasonable procedure for stabilizing loose shoulders, from the aspect of radiographic study with the arm elevated. 6. In rotator cuff injuries, the glenohumeral rhythm was disturbed, and in some patients instability at the glenohumeral joint was observed. From postoperative radiographic evaluation with the arm elevated, it has been observed that the anatomical situations at the glenohumeral joint have recovered to nearly norma conditions. 7. In conclusion the author emphasizes the mechanism of normal and disordered glenohumeral joints, using radiography of the shoulder with the arm elevated. PMID- 7288226 TI - [Experimental study on avascular necrosis of the femoral head (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288227 TI - [Studies on regeneration and adhesion of the tendon. Part 7: Influence of the vincula on regeneration of the tendon (author's transl)]. AB - Repair of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) of the chicken was studied by light microscopic and microangiographic examination. The effects of altered circulation in the vincula breve were related to repair processes of tendon. Sixty young-adult chickens weighing 2 to 3 kg were used. The FDP tendons of the third toes were incised and sutured without anesthesia, then the vincula breve was cut and ligated. In the control group, no procedure was performed to the vincula breve. Samples were obtained at the fixed time intervals up to 8 weeks after the operation. For microangiography, Micropaque solution was injected into the femoral artery after perfusion of physiological saline. The amputated legs were fixed in 10% formalin, subcutaneous tissues removed, then soft X-ray examination performed using Softex-CMB. Histological specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The results were as follows: 1) In the group with ligated vincula, delay of cellular reaction in the repair process was histologically evident in the early stages. There were little granulation and proliferation of the dorsal epitenon, which formed adhesion with surrounding tissues in the later stages. 2) In the angiographic examination, the sutured site of the tendon was not avascular, and compensatory proliferation of the periosteal and capsular vessels was found around the suture although the vincula breve had been ligated. However, there was a somewhat impaired circulatory pattern in the group with ligated vincula during the early stages. Later, normalization of the circulation was delayed compared to the control samples. 3) Damage of the vincula was thought to delay regeneration in tendon injuries. Poor circulation, if present, may also influence the healing process by inducing adhesion of the surrounding tissues. PMID- 7288228 TI - [In vivo cell cycle synchronization of the murine sarcoma 180 by continuous colcemid infusion (author's transl)]. AB - In recent years, partial synchronization in vivo of normal tissues or solid tumors has been achieved by some investigators. A study of synchronization in vivo is valuable for not only analysis of the cell cycle kinetics, but also chemotherapy. Most of the chemotherapeutic agents and radiation show a specific reaction to a specific phase of cell cycle. This concept supports the value of chemotherapy using synchronization of tumor cells. In other words, the chemotherapeutic effect is enhanced by killing greater numbers of tumor cells which are gathered in a specific phase after synchronization. At the same time toxic effects are reduced by allowing normal tissue escaping from the effective phase. Colcemid is one of the most useful metaphase arrest agents. Colcemid blocks cells at metaphase by disrupting the mitotic spindle, and has been found to be less toxic than colchicine. Colcemid, when used in optimum dosage and duration of exposure, will accumulate tumor cells in metaphase with less toxic effects on normal tissues. Synchronization of the accumulated cells will be achieved after colcemid release. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of colcemid on the cell cycle and to maximize synchrony after release of colcemid in sarcoma 180 tumor bearing mice. A mitotic linear accumulation was obtained by continuous colcemid infusion at 5.82 microgram/hr. Low dose colcemid infusion (0.582 and 1.455 microgram/hr) for 14 hours did not accumulated mitotic cells, but doses more than 5.82 microgram/hr of colcemid blocked it completely, accumulating 25.5% of cells after a 20 hours infusion. Therefore, mitotic accumulate by using colcemid is thought to be dose and time dependent within the limited range. However, the rates of mitotic accumulation were underestimated probably because of the increment of pyknoses and inhibition of DNA synthesis by high dose and long exposure of colcemid. A four hours colcemid infusion at 5.82 microgram/hr accumulated 11% of tumor cells without severe damage on cell cycle timing. The cells accumulated in mitotic phase recovered 3-4 hours after release of colcemid, and partial tumor synchronization was achieved in the following next one cycle. The rate of synchronization was thought to be about 30%, which was compatible with that of synchronization in vivo. Therefore, colcemid infusion at optimal dosage and duration of exposure can synchronize tumor cells reasonably. It is possible that therapeutic potential will be elevated if G1 or S phase specific drugs are used as killing agents after synchronization with colcemid. Moreover, higher synchrony will be obtained after several intermittent infusions of colcemid. PMID- 7288230 TI - [Replacement arthroplasty of the knee--past and present]. PMID- 7288229 TI - [Vitamin K and bone metabolism - on the effect of vitamin K deficiency and gamma carboxyglutamic acid (author's transl)]. AB - Vitamin K was thought to be primarily involved in the production of clotting factors. The recent findings of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) - vitamin K dependent calcium binding amino acid - in various calcified tissues, however, have prompted suggestions that vitamin K may play an important role in calcification mechanism. The present study was designed to investigate the relation between vitamin K and calcification. Morphological, biomechanical and biochemical analyses were undertaken on bones from vitamin K deficient rats raised on vitamin K deficient diet combined with administration of warfarin for three weeks. The Gla-containing proteins were extracted with EDTA from rat or bovine bones, partially isolated with gel filtration, and amino acid analysis was done. Gross roentgenographical and histological abnormalities were not observed in bones from vitamin K deficient rats in which prothrombin level was reduced to about 20 percent. There were no significant differences in values of Young's modulus, which were measured by three-point bending test, between vitamin K deficient and normal bones. No considerable alteration were noted in the protein, calcium or magnesium content of vitamin K deficient bone. Gla content of vitamin K deficient rat bone (per 1,000 residues of glutamic acid) was reduced by approximately 9% compared with that of normal rat bone. This observation supports the hypothesis that Gla biosynthesis in bone may be dependent on vitamin K. Calcium binding property of bovine bone Gla-containing protein was confirmed by the equilibrium dialysis procedure. Moderate amount of hydroxyproline was present in the Gla-containing proteins extracted from rats or bovine bones. It seems possible that biosynthesis of collagen and Gla protein of bone are somehow related, possibly at the level of procollagen. Further investigation is necessary to isolate Gla protein and clarify the correlation between collagen molecule and Gla protein biosynthesis. PMID- 7288231 TI - [Differential diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities]. PMID- 7288232 TI - [[Clinical and experimental study on the genesis of lumbar spinal stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - In recent years, the entity of lumbar spinal stenosis has been generally accepted. It's pathogenesis is thought to be the results of developmental stenosis of the lumbar spinal canal. In this paper, some factors that can produce this developmental stenosis were investigated. There were positive correlations between the degree of lumbar lordosis by using indices of Ferguson's angle and width of the lumbar spinal canal based on the Jones' body to canal ratio and body to pedicle ratio in 130 children when examined by radiograms. Experimentally induced bipedal rats are known to have the burden to develop the lordosis in the lumbar spine. They had narrower spinal canal than the quadripedal rats according to the radiograms and indices described above. These data strongly suggest that those with severe lordosis or bipedal rats have more burden to the posterior part of the lumbar vertebrae, followed by it's unusual growth leading to narrower spinal canal posteriorly. PMID- 7288233 TI - [[HLA in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - Despite many reports on the association between ankylosing spondylitis and HLA B27, most studies have failed to find a significant relationship between HLA-A or B antigen and rheumatoid arthritis. Stastny, however, showed a significantly high frequency of HLA-Dw4 in rheumatoid arthritis in 1976. The study of HLA antigens in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis are thought to be significant in view of the pathogenesis of disease. Eighty-eight Japanese patients with "definite" or " classical" rheumatoid arthritis according to the ARA criteria and 104 normal individuals were typed for serologically detectable HLA-A, B, C, and D antigens. Though small discrepancies were observed in several of the HLA-A, B, and C, antigens, they were not definitely significant. The frequency of HLA-DR4 increased to 70.5% in patients compared to 46.1% in the control (i.e. normal) group (p less than 0.001). However, the frequency increased to 80.6% in male patients (p less than 0.0005). Of interest was the significantly high frequency of HLA-DR4 in males, compared to the low frequency of HLA-DR2 (p less than 0.02). Rheumatoid patients were subdivided into different groups according to the year of onset, the presence of the the rheumatoid factor or rheumatoid nodules, the functional grade and treatment. There were no significant differences in the frequency of HLA-DR4 among subgroups. The results indicate that rheumatoid arthritis, especially in males, is associated with genes of the HLA-D region and that immunogenetic factors linked to HLA have an important role in its pathogenesis. PMID- 7288234 TI - [[Nitroblue tetrazolium tests of blood and synovial fluid cells in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis (author's transl)]. AB - Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test, widely performed to investigate the physiology and function of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes, was evaluated using blood and synovial fluid cells of 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 19 patients with osteoarthritis. There were no significant differences among two joint diseases and healthy controls in NBT test values on blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Seropositive and CRP positive patients with rheumatoid arthritis, however, revealed low values. NBT test value on polymorphonuclear leukocytes of synovial fluids was lower than that of blood in rheumatoid arthritis and was higher than that of blood in osteoarthritis. Negative correlations were seen between NBT test value and nucleated cell count of synovial fluids in these diseases. On the other hand, NBT test by mononuclear cells did not differ from the by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in rheumatoid synovial fluids and these two values correlated well. There was correlation between nucleated cell count and NBT test value on mononuclear cells in osteoarthritic synovial fluids. From these results it was suggested that the severity of joint inflammation might influence the function of not only polymorphonuclear leukocytes but also mononuclear cells of synovial fluids. PMID- 7288235 TI - Electron microscopic studies of fibrous dysplasia. AB - Very few ultrastructural studies of fibrous dysplasia have been reported up to date. Eight cases of fibrous dysplasia (six cases of monostotic and two cases of polyostotic disease) were studied in detail by an electron microscope, and were compared with desmoplastic fibroma and fibrous cortical defect in order to clarify the fine structure of this disease. The fine structure of osteoblast or osteocyte-like cells, large cells including collagen fibers in the cytoplasm and so on was newly observed in this study. It was impossible to distinguish between monostotic and polyostotic forms even through an electron microscope. PMID- 7288236 TI - Joint force analysis in degenerative varus or valgus knees during standing importance of tibial tilt to the floor-. AB - A two-dimensional skeletal model of the knee was constructed to estimate joint compression force in varus of valgus osteoarthrotic knees. Angle and length constants and variables were measured for 100 X-ray films of normal and osteoarthrotic subjects while they were standing on one foot. The results showed that the tibial tilting angle to the floor primarily determined the joint forces in the deformed knees. The angle has mechanically more significance than the femoro-tibial tilting angle which has been widely used clinically. The results have some clinical implications. PMID- 7288237 TI - [The 19th Congress of the Japan Society for Cancer Therapy. Abstracts]. PMID- 7288238 TI - [Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288240 TI - [A case of primary myelofibrosis with multiple subosteal tumor composed of myeloid metaplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288239 TI - [A case of overlap syndrome of progressive systemic sclerosis and polymyositis- clinical and autopsy findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288241 TI - [Elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase during pindolol treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288242 TI - [A case of overlap syndrome with idiopathic, lactic acidosis and marked hypertension preceded by frequent Raynaud's phenomenon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288244 TI - [Diuretic effects of furosemide in patients with congestive heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288243 TI - [Epidemiological study of high susceptibility and low resistance to tuberculosis in chronic renal failure patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288247 TI - [Echocardiographic findings on ventricular septal rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288245 TI - [Skeletal muscle involvements in chronic renal failure - pathological and electrophysiological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288249 TI - [Obstructive hydronephrosis complicated with Crohn's disease: report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288248 TI - [A case of ankylosing spondylitis with aortic and mitral regurgitation, righ coronary ostial occlusion, and intrahissian block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288246 TI - [A case of chronic idiopathic neutropenia with complement-dependent opsonic anti neutrophil antibody: probable autoimmune neutropenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288250 TI - [Primary thrombocythemia associated with severe gangrene (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288251 TI - [A case of accessory splenic epidermoid cyst (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288252 TI - [A case of empty sella syndrome with panhypopituitarism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288253 TI - [A case of mixed connective tissue disease in childhood with symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288254 TI - [A family in which 3 out of 9 siblings developed acute leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288255 TI - [Metabolic effects of long-term use of thiazide diuretics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288256 TI - [Cell morphology and their function in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with infectious diseases of the central nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288257 TI - A new technique: percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. PMID- 7288258 TI - Amniocentesis: prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 7288259 TI - Cardiac pacemakers: safety and efficacy of implantable transvenous units. PMID- 7288260 TI - Infant feeding practices: the effect on six month weight. PMID- 7288261 TI - Exercise-induced anaphylaxis; a case report. PMID- 7288262 TI - Acute renal failure: classification and pathophysiology. PMID- 7288263 TI - Trace element interactions. PMID- 7288265 TI - Evaluation of a rapid immunoturbidimetric assay for opsonic fibronectin in surgical and trauma patients. AB - A rapid and sensitive method for determination of plasma or serum opsonic fibronectin was developed and evaluated. This is a kinetic immunoturbidimetric assay based on the measurement of an antigen-antibody reaction. Comparison with electroimmunoassay was conducted in septic surgical and trauma patients with opsonic fibronectin deficiency before and after infusion of fibronectin-rich plasma cryoprecipitate. In contrast to the 24 to 48 hr needed for obtaining quantitative determinations by electroimmunoassay, the immunoturbidimetric assay can be accomplished within 10 min and requires only 5 microliters of serum or plasma. The concentration of opsonic fibronectin in plasma is greater than in serum. Plasma anticoagulated with EDTA and supplemented with aprotinin (Trasylol) to inhibit proteolytic activity is the procedure of choice for preparation of samples prior to analysis. The rapid immunoturbidimetric assay has clinical value as a rapid, sensitive, noninvasive means of assessing opsonic fibronectin and indirectly evaluating RES function. Its diagnostic as well as prognostic value with respect to various diseases remains to be carefully studied. PMID- 7288264 TI - Concurrent exposure to lead, cadmium, and arsenic. Effects on toxicity and tissue metal concentrations in the rat. AB - Male rats were exposed to dietary Pb (200 ppm), Cd (50 ppm), or As (50 ppm) as arsenate either alone or in combination for 10 weeks using a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design. Cd and As reduced weight gain even when differences in food intake were taken into account, and administration of both Cd and As depressed weight gain more than did either metal alone. Pb did not adversely affect food consumption or weight gain. Increased RBCs were observed after administration of Pb, Cd, or As, and more cells were observed when two or three metals were concomitantly administered. Despite increased numbers of circulating RBCs, hemoglobin and hematocrit were reduced, especially with the Pb-Cd combination. Analysis of blood chemistries showed normal ranges for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, calcium, albumin, total protein, and bilirubin. Uric acid was increased by Pb, but not by Cd or As. SGOT activity was reduced by As alone. Serum alkaline phosphatase was reduced by either As or Cd but not Pb. Combinations of As and Cd did not further reduce the activity of this enzyme. Kidney weight and kidney weight/body weight ratios were increased by Pb alone, but Cd or As alone or in combination had no effect. Liver weight/body weight ratios were reduced in animals fed Cd. Kidney histology showed predominantly Pb effects, i.e., intranuclear inclusion bodies and cloudy swelling. Ultrastructural evaluation of kidneys from Pb-treated animals disclosed nuclear inclusion bodies and mitochondrial swelling. Concurrent administration of Cd reduced total mean bone and kidney Pb levels by 50% and 60%, respectively, and this was associated with a decrease in kidney intranuclear inclusions. Cd exposure also reduced renal, femur, and liver concentrations of Fe by 33%, 43%, and 63%, respectively, decreased femur Zn by 27%, but increased renal Zn by 20%. Administration of As produced mild swelling of tubule cell mitochondria, increased mean total renal Cu to 200% of control, and increased liver Fe by 44%. Dietary Pb produced increased urinary excretion of ALA and coproporphyrin. Dietary exposure to As caused increased urinary excretion of uroporphyrin and to a lesser extent coproporphyrin, whereas dietary Cd caused no significant changes in urinary levels of any of the porphyrins measured. Pb plus As produced an additive effect on coproporphyrin excretion but not that of ALA or uroporphyrin. These studies indicate that interactions between common toxic elements do occur and are characterized by alterations in both tissue trace metal levels and toxicity. PMID- 7288266 TI - Glycoprotein changes in fresh vs. room temperature-stored platelets and their buoyant density cohorts. AB - Membranes from platelets obtained from normal human volunteers were isolated for evaluation of their glycoproteins. Values were measured in fresh and stored platelet concentrates at 72 and 96 hr (22 degrees +/- 2 degrees C). Polyacrylamide gels were used to separate the membrane glycoproteins. These were identified as GPI, GPII, GPIII, GPIV, GP77, and GP44. The relative amount of GPI (155,000 daltons) was about 30% less after 72 hr storage than in fresh platelets regardless of the change in the pH of the platelet concentrate. At 96 hr, only an additional 5% loss was seen. The 72 hr value for soluble glycoprotein, glycocalicin, was only 64% of the initial value. GP77 (77,000 daltons) and GP44 (44,000 daltons) became apparent or more prominent with storage. A correlation with pH of the platelet concentrate could be demonstrated for GPI but only with those units in which the pH rose during storage. Density-separated populations of fresh and stored platelets also were studied. They were separated on arabinogalactan (Stractan II) gradients for comparative studies of membrane proteins that might be affected, since platelets become less dense with storage. There was an equal loss of GPI in all populations. However, the change was most striking in the least dense (lightest) fraction because these cells started with 20% less GPI when fresh than did heavier cells. The smallest glycoprotein, GP44, was always present in the lightest platelets after storage, whereas only 40% of the concentrates showed GP77, in small amounts, associated with heavy platelets. Alterations in the membranes of platelets stored as platelet concentrates could result in their functional impairment and loss viability. PMID- 7288267 TI - Partial purification and studies of the plasma co-factor that potentiates platelet aggregation in diabetes mellitus. AB - A co-factor is present in the plasma of some diabetics that potentiates the degree of in vitro aggregation of normal platelets after ADP stimulus. This paper presents important changes in the analysis technique that utilize recently appreciated knowledge about platelet aggregation and that were needed to permit characterization of the co-factor. By this new technique, the plasma co-factor activity of 33 normal adults and 43 normal children was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than that of the corresponding diabetic groups. Thirty-two percent of the adult and 23% of the child diabetics had an elevated plasma co factor activity. None of the 71 diabetic children and only 12 of the 65 diabetic adults had severe retinopathy. These results correlate well with previous reports wherein the plasma co-factor activity was highest in patients who had severe retinopathy or nephropathy and was usually normal when microangiopathy was not evident. The co-factor was completely precipitated from the plasma of a diabetic with ammonium sulfate at the concentration of 34% of saturation. An aqueous solution of this precipitate retained co-factor activity during incubation at 56 degrees for 30 min but lost activity at neutral pH conditions. Co-factor activity eluted during gel filtration to indicate an estimated molecular weight of 21,000 daltons. The improved technique reported here should facilitate study of the platelet hyperaggregation co-factor and the pathophysiology of diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 7288268 TI - An evaluation of methods for the purification of DNA preparations. AB - Four tritiated thymidine-labeled DNA preparations known to contain areas of single strandedness were chromatographed on BNDC, HAP, and MAK. With an ethidium bromide fluorescence technique, the proportion of single-stranded regions in each of the stock preparations and DNA column eluates was evaluated. Although all column methods removed a significant proportion of test material containing single-stranded DNA, only MAK columns consistently yielded homogeneous double stranded DNA preparations. Variable results were obtained, depending on the preparation chromatographed and the method used. Millipore filtration, although reducing single-stranded contamination, also failed to produce uniformly double stranded DNA. Serum anti-DNA bindings were measured by the Millipore filter technique with two DNA preparations before and after chromatography. A significant decrease in percent binding was demonstrated with DNA samples fractionated on MAK columns as a result of the removal of most single-stranded DNA regions. Only select sera tested against BNDC and HAP DNA eluates showed a decrease in anti-DNA binding. It is concluded that methods of column chromatography are variably effective in reducing the proportion of single stranded DNA in mixed DNA preparations. Confirmation of the homogeneous nature of the DNA antigen by structural analysis is recommended. PMID- 7288269 TI - Mononuclear phagocytic system stimulation. Protective role from glomerular immune complex deposition. AB - Experimentally, glomerular deposition of circulating IC is increased when the MPS is saturated. Clinically, an association between glomerulonephritis and dysfunction of MPS-Fc receptor-mediated clearance of IC has recently been described in patients with certain forms of autoimmune diseases. Thus we hypothesized that stimulation of the MPS may be beneficial, by decreasing circulating IC and hence, reduce glomerular deposition of IC. To test this experimentally, we studied glomerular uptake and disappearance of AHIgG . 125I (macromolecular proteins biologically akin to IC) in normal control rats and in rats with ZY-stimulated MPS. ZY-treated and control rats were given 30 mg/100 gm body weight AHIgG . 125I and sacrificed at 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hr after AHIgG . 125I injection. Glomerular AHIgG . 125I was measured in preparations of isolated glomeruli and compared to simultaneous liver, spleen, lung, and blood greater than 7S AHIgG . 125I. The blood t 1/2 of greater 7S AHIgG . 125I in ZY rats was 40% shorter than that in control rats. Blood greater than 7S AHIgG . 125I in ZY rats was 63% lower than in control rats at 4 hr and 73% lower at 8 hr after injection. At all time intervals, glomerular AHIgG . 125I was reduced in ZY rats proportionately to the decreased blood levels. By immunofluorescence microscopy, the intensity of staining for human IgG correlated with the quantitative determination of AHIgG . 125I in preparations of isolated glomeruli in control and ZY rats. The reduction in blood and glomerular AHIgG . 125I in ZY rats was a result of a marked increased in hepatic and splenic uptake of AHIgG . 125I. Serum complement depletion of ZY rats with CVF prior to AHIgG . 125I injection did not significantly alter the kinetics of AHIgG. 125I. This suggests that the increased MPS uptake of AHIgG . 125I in ZY rats was predominantly Fc-receptor-mediated. Thus ZY stimulation of the MPS increased the clearance of AHIgG . 125I and protected glomeruli from AHIgG . 125I deposition. Clinically, agents that would specifically stimulate the MPS may be useful in reducing IC-mediated glomerular injury. PMID- 7288270 TI - Dysbaric osteonecrosis: a consequence of intravascular bubble formation, endothelial damage, and platelet thrombosis. AB - Survival and turnover of platelets, fibrinogen, and plasminogen were measured in association with hyperbaric exposure in man. In addition, kinetic and vascular studies were carried out in a hyperbaric swine model to assess the role of vascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of dysbaric osteonecrosis. In man, significant increases in platelet and fibrinogen consumption were directly associated with dive depth and with repetitive exposure at lesser depths. The increased destruction of platelets and fibrinogen was not accompanied by reduced blood levels because of compensatory shifts in production rats and distribution between circulating and storage compartments. Platelet consumption was substantially greater than fibrinogen destruction with respect to both severity and duration. Platelet function inhibitors decreased platelet consumption. Increased fibrinogen consumption was sometimes associated with reduced plasminogen survival, but levels of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products were never measurably altered from normal values. The relationships among platelet and fibrinogen consumption, vascular changes, and dysbaric osteonecrosis were studied in hyperbaric swine. Consumption of hemostatic factors was most severe with rapid, uncontrolled decompression, low oxygen concentrations, and deeper or repetitive dives. Platelet consumption induced by hyperbaric exposure resolved spontaneously with time, suggesting a repair process after the simulated diving conditions were discontinued. Interruption of increased platelet and fibrinogen consumption in the swine model required either moderation of the dive profile or a combination of drugs that inhibit platelet function (dipyridamole or sudoxicam) together with an anticoagulant (warfarin or heparin). Repeated hyperbaric exposure under conditions that uniformly produced femoral osteonecrosis and consumption of platelets and fibrinogen was associated with detectable endothelial injury and arterial intimal lesion formation. Since the diving characteristics of increasing depth and inadequate decompression were associated with both the most severe consumption and the highest frequency of intravascular bubble formation, we postulate that intravascular bubbles, formed during hyperbaria, produce osteonecrosis, perhaps through the following sequence: (1) bubble-related endothelial cell damage; (2) platelet thrombus formation with secondary fibrin deposition; (3) microvascular occlusion; and (4) platelet dependent arterial narrowing through intimal lesion formation. The role of antithrombotic therapy in the prevention of dysbaric osteonecrosis remains to be determined. PMID- 7288271 TI - Intestinal absorption of aspirin. Influence of pH, taurocholate, ascorbate, and ethanol. AB - The small intestinal absorption of aspirin at pharmacological concentrations was studied in the unanesthetized rat by using a single-pass perfusion technique. The rate of aspirin absorption remained linear with its concentration (0.5 to 10 mM). Intestinal aspirin absorption increased as the concentration of hydrogen ion, sodium taurocholate, and ascorbic acid in the perfusate increased. Aspirin absorption did not change after ethanol addition. At pH 3.5 or 6.5, intestinal absorption of aspirin was greater than gastric absorption of the compound. Aspirin was not absorbed by the stomach at pH 6.5. These experiments indicate that aspirin can be absorbed to an appreciable extent in its ionized form by the small intestine but not by the stomach. PMID- 7288272 TI - Posterior meatal wall reconstruction in tympanoplasty. AB - An operative method is described which has been employed in 41 cases of severe chronic otitis media. The posterior meatal wall was removed and reconstructed during the same operation, following cleansing of the middle-ear cavity and ossiculoplasty. Either autograft bone (previously removed from the meatal wall) or homograft cartilage was employed for the reconstruction. All the ears were found to be dry at the follow-up examination after an average of 28 months, but 18 per cent had recurrence of the cholesteatoma. A SRT improvement of 5-30 db, was observed in 78 per cent, and in 21 per cent a deterioration of between 0 and 10 db. The method provides a good field of vision of the middle-ear cavity and in no cases was rejection of the re-implanted material observed. PMID- 7288273 TI - The use of Proplast in reconstruction of the posterior meatal wall. PMID- 7288275 TI - The summating potential in ultrasonic labyrinthectomy for Meniere's disorder. AB - This paper reports SP changes pre- and post-operatively in a series of 12 patients who have undergone ultrasonic labyrinthectomy for Meniere's disorder. The unoperated ear in 7 of these patients also had pre- and post- operative ECochG. The SP in the operated ear was reduced in amplitude and duration in 50 per cent and 66 per cent of ears respectively. However, the SP was also reduced in the unoperated ears by similar proportions. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in SP change between the two sets of ears. It is concluded that the value of the SP in prediction or assessment of results of treatment in Meniere's disorder is not at present proven, and that future investigations require the use of controls. PMID- 7288274 TI - Metabolic investigations in Meniere's disease. AB - This paper presents the results of various metabolic investigations in patients with Meniere's disease. It is a follow-up article on the preliminary findings of the study which was published in this Journal recently (Moffat et al., 1979). Fifty patients (29 male, and 21 female) with Meniere's disease conforming to the criteria set out by the Committee of Hearing and Equilibration of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology (1972) were involved. The incidence of abnormal metabolic states was no higher than that of a comparable group in the general population. One of the patients had a diabetic glucose tolerance test curve, four had lag curves. One patient had a high TSH level and was clinically myxoedematous. Three patients (two male, and one female) had primary hyperlipidaemia and one female patient had hyperlipidaemia secondary to myxoedema. There was no significant difference in response to intradermal pin prick skin tests compared with a controlled group. PMID- 7288276 TI - Cochlear and brain-stem auditory evoked potential recording in patients with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. PMID- 7288277 TI - Salivary gland choristoma of the middle ear: a case report. PMID- 7288278 TI - Recurrent bilateral pregnancy granuloma of the nose. PMID- 7288280 TI - A malignant carcinoid tumour of the supraglottic larynx. AB - A rare case of carcinoid tumour of the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis in a 49-year-old woman is presented. This is the fourth report of this tumour in the world literature. The clinical features, and the light and electron microscopical appearances are discussed. The literature and the relationship to other carcinoid tumours is reviewed. Based on this and previously reported cases, recommendations are made as to management. PMID- 7288279 TI - An unusual foreign body in the nose. PMID- 7288281 TI - Secondary tracheal carcinoma. PMID- 7288282 TI - In vitro transformation of chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid by human intestinal flora, with particular reference to the mutual conversion between the two bile acids. AB - Nine fecal samples from four healthy subjects were examined for their ability to transform chenodeoxy-cholic acid (CDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in in vitro anaerobic broth cultures. Seven samples converted CDCA and UDCA into each other (more than 50% of CDCA was converted into UDCA while 10% or less of UDCA was converted into CDCA), and produced 7-keto-lithocholic acid and lithocholic acid equally from both acids. No alteration of the 7 beta-hydroxy group of UDCA was demonstrated by two fecal samples that failed to perform mutual 7 epimerization, suggesting the conversion of UDCA into lithocholic acid via CDCA. The 3 alpha-hydroxy groups of these substrate and metabolite bile acids were invariably partially epimerized to 3 beta-hydroxy groups by all the fecal samples. Evidence is presented for the prevalence of these 7- and 3-epimerizing organisms among the human intestinal flora. PMID- 7288283 TI - Mode of action of lecithin in suppressing cholesterol absorption. AB - In vitro studies were performed to investigate a possible mechanism by which lecithin suppresses intestinal cholesterol absorption. The hypothesis that lecithin acts by retarding the diffusion of micelles across the unstirred water layer (UWL) was tested by measuring cholesterol influxes (Ji) in segments of rat intestine under conditions with no maximal and minimal effective thickness of the UWL. Ji was sharply reduced by lecithin under all conditions with no apparent relationship to the thickness of the UWL. The hypothesis was further tested by determining if lecithin had any effect on the molecular weight of the micelles. Gel filtration studies indicated no change in molecular weight (range, 21,000 24,000). Finally, actual measurements of the coefficients of free diffusion (D) of the micelles revealed that lecithin in the concentration that caused a 42-90% reduction in Ji caused only a 22% reduction in D. The basis for the decrease in D is unknown, but it was sufficient to account for the decrease in Ji. Therefore, except for the small decrease in micellar diffusion coefficient as a possible contributing factor, the data offered little support for the hypothesis and we concluded that lecithin suppresses cholesterol absorption by some other or additional mechanism, such as by a direct effect on cell membrane or by holding the cholesterol absorption by some other or additional mechanism, such as by direct effect on the cell membrane or by holding the cholesterol in micellar form to reduce its partition coefficient. PMID- 7288284 TI - Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants on lipid peroxidation in tissue cultures. AB - Lipid peroxidation was measured by the thio-barbituric assay for malondialdehyde (MDA). A small amount of MDA was formed when medial cells from guinea pig aorta were grown in tissue culture. The polyunsaturated fatty acids 8,11,14 eicosatrienoic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, and 7,10,13,16 docosatetraenoic acid generated significant amounts of MDA in a time-dependent manner when they were added to cultures of medial cells and fibroblasts. MDA or its precursor remained within the cell and did not accumulate in the media. Indomethacin enhanced MDA formation from polyunsaturated fatty acid. Alpha Tocopherol, alpha-tocopherolquinone, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) inhibited MDA formation when a polyunsaturated fatty acid was incubated with the pro-oxidant cumene hydroperoxide. Menadione had no effect on MDA formation in the cumene hydroperoxide system. Alpha-Tocopherol and alpha-tocopherolquinone inhibited MDA formation when they were added to cells in culture. Menadione had no effect on MDA formation in tissue culture. Anti-oxidant effects which were time-dependent showed that intracellular MDA was generated from a lipid peroxide precursor during the thiobarbituric acid assay. Relative plating efficiency was measured in medial cells and fibroblasts. Alpha-Tocopherolquinone and alpha tocopherol enhanced the extent of cell proliferation. Alpha-Tocopherolquinone overcame the inhibitory effect of a polyunsaturated fatty acid on the extent of cell proliferation. Menadione was cytotoxic. Thus antioxidant data support the hypothesis that the extent of cell proliferation is controlled in part by lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7288285 TI - Correlation between crystal habit and the composition of solvated and nonsolvated cholesterol crystals. AB - The correlation between the crystal habit and the composition of cholesterol crystals formed in four organic solvents (methanol, acetonitrile, ethanol, and acetone) was studied. Anhydrous and monohydrate cholesterol were precipitated in anhydrous and aqueous organic solvent mixtures, respectively. The main conclusions derived from the study were that 1) the appearance of plates does not automatically guarantee the presence of hydrated cholesterol, and 2) the presence of 5% or more of water in the crystallization solvent may not results in the formation of monohydrate cholesterol. PMID- 7288286 TI - Quantitation of human apolipoprotein C-III and its subspecie by radioimmunoassay and analytical isoelectric focusing: abnormal plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apolipoprotein C-III subspecie concentrations in hypertriglyceridemia. AB - A specific, accurate, and sensitive double antibody radioimmunoassay for measuring human apolipoprotein (apo) C-III has been developed. Anti-apoC-III(1) developed in rabbits cross-reacted completely with apoC-III subspecies. Analytical isoelectric focusing of delipidated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) was done to assess the percentage of total apoC-III mass comprised by apoC III(0), C-III(1), and C-III(2), and the data were used to compute the absolute plasma TRL apoC-III subspecie concentration. Total plasma apoC-III was 11.1 +/- 0.9 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM) in 29 normolipidemic healthy subjects; 21.3 +/- 4.9, 27.5 +/- 2.2, and 53.6 +/- 7 mg/dl in 3, 16, and 13 patients with primary types III, IV, and V hyperlipoproteinemia, respectively, and significantly (P < 0.01) higher than normal. Total plasma triglycerides (TG) correlated positively with total plasma apoC-III (r = 0.88; P = 0.0001) and TRL apoc-III (r = 0.88; P = 0.0001). Progressive hypertriglyceridemia was associated with a rise in the percent of total apoC-III in TRL isolated at d < 1.006 g/ml (r = 0.78; P < 0.0001; n = 43) and a reciprocal decline in the TRL-free plasma fraction (d > 1.006 g/ml). ApoC-III comprised significantly more of HDL(2) than HDL(3) protein (7.3 +/- 0.2 versus 1.6 +/- 0.2%, respectively, P < 0.01). HDL(2) and HDL(3) isolated from patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia had subnormal apoC-III as percent of total protein (2.4 +/- 0.5 and 0.6 +/- 0.1, respectively). Total plasma TG correlated negatively with i) apoC-III as percent of total HDL protein (r = -0.67; P = 0.002, n = 20); ii) apoC-III as percent of total HDL(2) protein (r = -0.52; P = 0.019); and iii) apoC-III as percent of total HDL(3) protein (r = -0.72; P = 0.0004). Plasma TRL apoC-III subspecie concentrations were significantly higher in the three hypertriglyceridemic groups (primary types III, IV, and V) compared to normals. TRL apoC-III(0) levels in patients with type IV and V were comparable (2.4 +/- 0.3 and 2.2 +/- 0.6 mg/dl, respectively). However, TRL apoC-III(1) and C-III(2) in patients with type V hyperlipoproteinemia were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in patients with types IV or III hyperlipoproteinemia. Total plasma TG correlated positively with TRL apoC-III(0) (r = 0.56; P = 0.0004), TRL apoC-III(1) (r = 0.82; P = 0.0001) and TRL apoC III(2) (r = 0.76; P = 0.0001). The slope of regression line relating total plasma TG with TRL apoC-III(1) was significantly steeper (P < 0.0001) than that for apoC III(0). Thus, for a given interval of plasma TG, the change in concentration of TRL apoC-III(1) was much greater than that in TRL apoC-III(0). The development of the RIA and its combined use with analytical isoelectric focusing thus allows quantitation of this important glycopeptide and its subspecies in human plasma and its subfractions. Because apoC-III inhibits not only tissue lipoprotein lipase but also the hepatic uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and remnants, the data support the possibility that an abnormal metabolism of apoC III subspecies may be linked pathogenetically to elevated plasma TG levels. Kashyap, M. L., L. S. Srivastava, B. A. Hynd, P. S. Gartside, and G. Perisutti. Quantitation of human apolipoprotein C-III and its subspecies by radioimmunoassay and analytical isoelectric focusing: abnormal plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apolipoprotein C-III subspecie concentrations in hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 7288287 TI - Circadian variation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in swine liver and ileum. AB - The temporal variation of HMG-CoA reductase activity in the liver and intestine of swine was investigated. The thin-layer chromatographic method widely used in the assay of the reductase was successfully applied to the porcine enzymes. Parallel circadian rhythms were demonstrated in both hepatic and ileal reductases from mash-fed animals. Peak activity occurred approximately 6 hr after feeding, 2.7-fold over the basal level in the liver, and 1.6-fold in the ileum. A milk cholesterol diet caused a marked depression of both rhythms (90% in liver, 50% in ileum); however, the hourly variation in activity persisted in both organs. Cholestyramine was found to elevate hepatic activity (2.7-fold throughout the rhythm) without affecting that of the intestine. Clofibrate had no effect on either enzyme at any time during the cycle despite a 34% reduction in serum cholesterol concentrations. PMID- 7288288 TI - The content of apolipoprotein B in chylomicron particles. AB - The number of particles and the mass of apoprotein B were measured in samples of rat lymph chylomicrons in order to assign the mass of apoprotein B per particle. Chylomicron numbers were estimated by electron microscopy after negative staining with 2% potassium phosphotungstate at pH 4.8. The distribution of particle numbers was plotted against particle volume. An exponential relationship was found. Integration of the function gave an estimate of the total number of particles for the total chylomicron volume, which was calculated from the chemical composition and the partial specific volumes of the constituents. Apoprotein B was measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two procedures were employed to allow for the influence of artefactual flattening of the chylomicrons on the electron microscope grid. First, it was reasoned that the flattening artefact would be greatest for the largest particles, so measurements of subfractions of smaller chylomicrons would be less affected by flattening. The mass of apoprotein B per particle was 0.48 x 10(6) daltons in the smallest subfraction. Second, a correction was applied such that the apparent volume of the oblate spheroid produced by flattening was converted to the true volume of the native spherical particle. The flattening artefact increased exponentially with particle size and was an inverse power function of the surface tension. At an assumed value of chylomicron surface tension of 2 mN/m, the apoprotein B per particle was 0.47 x 10(6) daltons. PMID- 7288289 TI - Studies on the in vivo absorption of micellar solutions of tocopherol and tocopheryl acetate in the rat: demonstration and partial characterization of a mucosal esterase localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of the enterocyte. AB - The in vivo absorption of alpha-tocopherol from micellar solubilized solutions of free alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopheryl acetate was investigated using isolated loops of rat jejunum and found to be similar. Although analysis of the fluid remaining in the loop following the absorptive period with tocopheryl acetate showed that esterase activity and free tocopherol were present, calculations suggested that luminal hydrolysis of the ester could not have accounted for the similar rates of absorption of the free and esterified tocopherols. A mucosal source of the esterase activity was postulated and subsequently identified and characterized with respect to pH optimum, enzyme kinetics, and activation by bile salts, and shown to be distinct from pancreatic esterase. Analytical subcellular fractionation studies on homogenates of isolated jejunal enterocytes demonstrated that esterase activity against both p nitrophenyl acetate and tocopheryl acetate was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. These studies suggest that although the bulk of tocopheryl esters are normally hydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen by pancreatic esterase prior to uptake, some of the esters may be hydrolyzed intraluminally by the mucosal enzyme and some taken up intact by the jejunal mucosa and hydrolyzed intracellularly. This mucosal esterase may be of particular importance in conditions of pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 7288290 TI - Differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence probe investigations of very low density lipoprotein from the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Isolated rat livers were perfused at 37 degrees C with blood-free, defined medium containing delipidized bovine serum albumin (BSA), BSA-oleate, or BSA-palmitate. Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were isolated from the perfusate at 12 degrees C and lipid components were extracted and purified. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated multiple phase alterations in intact VLDL. The extracted triglycerides exhibited phase alterations at similar temperatures as the intact VLDL. The small quantities of cholesteryl esters present in the VLDL generally did not greatly affect the VLDL triglyceride transitions. The extracted phospholipids showed detectable transitions that were abolished by cholesterol at mole ratios found in the respective VLDL. The phase behavior of VLDL and its component triglycerides was associated with the degree of unsaturation of the infusate fatty acid, and by variation of fatty acid chain length. The structural differences between VLDL lipid fractions noted by DSC were also monitored by fluorescence probes. The data indicated that in the intact VLDL the physical properties of the 'interior core' lipids can affect the properties of the 'surface monolayer'. In addition, Arrhenius plots of corrected fluorescence indicated that trans-parinarate and diphenyl-hexatriene detected different characteristic breakpoint temperatures in the phospholipids. The breakpoints of triglycerides were highly dependent on the type of fatty acid in the infusate, but were similar to those noted in intact VLDL. Finally, the breakpoints in Arrhenius plots of fluorescence probe parameters did not necessarily coincide with onset or end temperatures of DSC transitions. PMID- 7288292 TI - Sterol synthesis. A simplified method for the synthesis of 32-oxygenated derivatives of 24,25-dihydrolanosterol. AB - A simplified method is described for the preparation of 14 alpha-hydroxymethyl 4,4-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholest-8-en-e beta-ol, 14 alpha-hydroxymethyl-4,4-dimethyl 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol, and 14 alpha-hydroxymethyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha cholest-6-en-3 beta-ol from commercial lanosterol. This method represents a modification of the approach introduced by Fried and co-workers (Fried, J., J. W. Brown, and L. Borkenhagen. 1965. Tetrahedron Lett. 2499-2504). PMID- 7288291 TI - A rapid, simple, and sensitive procedure for the determination of free fatty acids in plasma using glass capillary column gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of plasma free fatty acids with glass capillary column gas-liquid chromatography and flame ionization detection is described. The plasma sample, together with n-pentadecanoic acid as an internal standard, was treated with 2,2-dimethoxypropane and hydrochloric acid. 2,2-Dimethoxypropane serves as water scavenger, deproteinizing agent, and as a methylating agent. Under the assay conditions, only free fatty acids were converted to their methyl esters; esterified fatty acids, such as those in triglycerides and phospholipids, were not significantly transmethylated. This advantage eliminated the need for thin-layer chromatography for the separation of free and esterified fatty acids. The methyl esters of fatty acids were then extracted into isooctane and analyzed with a 10-meter glass capillary column coated with SP-2100. Splitless mode of injection was used to increase the sensitivity. Only 20 microliter or less of plasma was required for analysis. The coefficient of variation was 4.6%, which was better than the conventional gas liquid chromatographic methods. These latter methods require 20 to 50 times larger samples, as compared with the present assay. This method is suitable for the measurement of both total free fatty acids and individual fatty acid patterns in small plasma samples. PMID- 7288293 TI - Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase from human liver: partial purification and reconstruction into defined phospholipid-cholesterol vesicles. AB - Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis, was shown to be copurified with human liver microsomal cytochrome P 450. When these cytochrome P-450 species were reconstituted in phospholipid cholesterol vesicles together with NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, high cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was obtained in the presence of NADPH. The activity represented a twofold enrichment relative to cytochrome P-450 and 43 fold enrichment relative to total microsomal protein. Availability of such a preparation will allow further characterization of the enzyme and will also allow studies of its mechanisms of regulation. PMID- 7288294 TI - Facile acylation of glycerophosphocholine catalyzed by trifluoroacetic anhydride. AB - A simplified procedure for the synthesis of short acyl chain phosphatidylcholines is described. A mixed fatty acid-trifluoroacetic anhydride is used to acylate sn glycero-3-phosphocholine (GPC) which has been dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid. Yields exceeding 70% are achieved in 30-min reaction time using 1.5 to 2.0 equivalents of mixed anhydride per, GPC hydroxyl. This allows a more economical use of labeled short chain acids. PMID- 7288295 TI - Synthesis of sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine. AB - The preparation of sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine is described. 2,3-O-Isopropylidene sn-glycerol is condensed first with the 1,2-dimethylethenylene phosphorochloridate in the presence of triethylamine to yield the cyclic phosphotriester derivative. Choline p-toluenesulfonate, as the second alcohol, is condensed with this intermediate to yield the phosphotriester bearing the 1 methyl-acetonyl blocking group. This is removed under basic conditions to afford the 2,3-O-isopropylidene-sn-glycerol-1-phosphocholine in 57% yield following silicic acid column chromatography. The acetone blocking group is then removed with aqueous HCl (pH 2.3) to give pure sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine. PMID- 7288297 TI - [Evaluation of the spread of atherosclerosis in patients with arteritis. Implications for the therapeutic indications (author's transl)]. AB - The immediate prognosis (operative risk of a revascularization) and also the long term prognosis for the patient with arteritis depends on the spreading of the atheroma to other vascular regions (coronary or carotid arteries). Conventionally the initial evaluation is made by cervical Doppler examination, effort ECG and profile aortography. Cervical Doppler examination revealed in the present group of 402 patients significant stenoses on the arterial vessels leading to the brain in 67 cases (16.6%), including 13 asymptomatic stenoses. The effort ECG carried out in 140 cases was assurable in 72% of these, being positive in 19% of the cases in patients with no clinical or ECG history of coronary insufficiency. Profile aortography of 125 patients revealed atheromatous lesions in 39 (31%), in many cases multiple lesions: 13 cases in the coeliac trunk and mesenteric artery. The implications of these discoveries, as they affect therapeutic indications and in particular the justification of multiple revascularizations, have been discussed. PMID- 7288296 TI - Quantification of lysophosphatidylethanolamine in the nanomole range. AB - A microanalytical procedure for the determination of trace amounts of lysophosphatidylethanolamine and other amine-containing lipids is described. The technique involves reaction of lipid extracts with fluorescamine to give fluorescent derivatives of lipids containing a free amino group, separation of the products by thin-layer chromatography, and quantification by fluorescence spectroscopy after elution from the adsorbent. Amounts of 100 pmol are easily determined, even in the presence of large amounts of other phospholipids, and 30 40 samples can be analyzed per day. Use of the procedure is illustrated with rat liver mitochondria undergoing a phospholipase A2-dependent increase in inner membrane permeability due to treatment with Ca2+ plus N-ethylmaleimide. PMID- 7288298 TI - [Relation between the wall structure and modifications of the blood content (author's transl)]. AB - In view of its anatomical position, physical characteristics and metabolism, the endothelial cell plays a major part in maintaining the integrity of the vascular system and in the relation between the blood content, both plasma and blood cells, and the wall structure. Where this continuous single layer undergoes anatomical or functional changes, a new equilibrium is set up, an equilibrium which is multifactorial and dynamic. It is governed by the vascular and blood components and by their interrelation; it varies as a function of time and of the biorheological conditions. The interrelationship between the blood content and the wall plays an important part in vascular pathology, especially of the degenerative and thrombotic type. A better understanding of these factors will enhance the possibility of preventing atherogenesis and lay the basis for a coherent and effective therapeutic attitude thrombosis. PMID- 7288299 TI - [Vasa-vasorum (author's transl)]. AB - More than a common descriptive interest, this researches about vasa-vasorum have been carried on to give some anatomical basis, to the part acted by those vessels in arterial wall life. Microdissections, X-rays diaphanisation enable us to systematize even in human kind than in animal species, the main aspects of this vascularisation. The conception of a double irrigation, from the lumen and from the vasa of the blood vessels, and the presence of a venous and lymphatic drainage, can give us the basis of an interpretation of the beginning of the main arterial diseases. PMID- 7288300 TI - [Prognostic value of bad distal irrigation incides, revealed by irrigraphy in arteritis of the lower limbs (author's transl)]. AB - A study is made in this paper of the prognostic significance of a very low distal index (index 6), revealed by irrigraphy. On the basis of examination of 55 case histories, the patients were divided into two groups A and B as a function of the distal indices at the root of the limb. The amputation rate was very high in both groups, but the prognosis was better in group A where the situation could be improved by restorative surgery at a high level. Analysis of the surgical possibilities has indicated that restorative surgery at a high level is a promising procedure, especially in group A. Surgery at the femoro-popliteal level yielded less satisfactory results because of the often considerable degradation of the arterial bed further downstream. Sympathectomy appears to be a useful supplement to restorative surgery in appropriate cases. The concept of the reduced distal index is also valuable for detecting cases of arteritis which are still well compensated but are in danger of vascular failure (dangerous claudications). PMID- 7288301 TI - [Carotid loops and folds, one of the limitations of the Doppler examination (author's transl)]. AB - Lesions in the form of loops and folds occur frequently in carotid pathology. Different authors have assessed their responsibility for the occurrence of ischaemic cerebral accidents at between 20% and 16%. Diagnosis of the condition by Doppler exploration of such abnormal cases is certainly of value, but is subject to numerous sources of error. The present authors have defined the different types of lesions, their pathogenic aetiology and their repercussions on the blood indices. The various changes occurring in Doppler tracings have been discussed in relation to these anatomical types of carotid lesions and in relation to the arteriographic pictures. PMID- 7288302 TI - [Therapeutic approach based on the results of examination of the vascular function in stage II arteriopathy of the limbs]. AB - The therapeutic indications in stage II arteriopathy of the lower limbs take particular account of the walking perimeter. However, the lack of correlation on occasion between the walking perimeter and the haemodynamic data suggest the importance of an examination of vascular function, in particular in regard to the indications for restorative surgery. The medical approach may be advantageously adopted in cases where a walking perimeter in excess of 300 m on a horizontal belt is combined with an only slight decrease in the resting blood pressure (systolic index over 0.90) and a good stress tolerance (no great fall in the blood pressure). The surgical approach will be different in the case of lesions located above or below the crural arch. Sympathectomy may be envisaged in the case of thigh and leg lesions, accompanied by favourable haemodynamic indices (less than 50% fall in the blood pressure after effort), where the patient is handicapped by a short walking perimeter. Tests can be carried out to predict the effect of the sympathectomy. A collapse of the distal blood pressure, to values below 50 mm Hg, should suggest a restorative surgery. This approach is all the more likely to prove successful in the case of proximal lesions, where such lesions have affected the haemodynamic indices (a fall in pressure in the calf, accompanied by a satisfactory blood circulation higher up). Surgical intervention for the arterial condition should in this case give way to haemodynamic surgery. PMID- 7288303 TI - [Arguments for and description of the Doppler venous examination (author's transl)]. AB - Analysis of blood flow rates by Doppler effect on veins has many advantages: deep insertion of venous catheters, diagnosis of deep veins thrombosis, venous insufficiency, right heart cardiopathies, and supervision of medical and surgical treatment of venous disease. The agreement between Doppler examination and phlebography was, in venous thrombosis, 86.5 % for 110 examinations. Sensitivity of Doppler technique is 86%, specificity 91 %. If used to check permeability of vena cava interruption, concordance between Doppler ultrasound and isotopic phlebography was 90 % for 32 cases. The main limitation of the method is a poor sensibility in diagnosis of distal thrombosis and in not entirely occluding clots. PMID- 7288304 TI - [Velocity profile measurements by Laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) in plane capillaries in high concentrated medium. Application to human blood (author's transl)]. AB - A Laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) was modified in order to reduce the dimensions of the crossing section of the two light beams. This LDV has been used on plane capillary tubes (100 mu m less than or equal to inside thickness less than or equal to 400 mu m) in which different sorts of suspensions were flowing. The flow rate Q, and pressure, delta p, measurements were recorded simultaneously. The velocity profile measurements were done. We have verified that the velocity profile blunting depended on hematocrit, flow rate. Such profiles were in good agreement with theoretical ones obtained with a model where aggregation and deformation levels were described by characteristic coefficients involved in a viscosity equation. PMID- 7288305 TI - [Contribution of scanning to the diagnosis and evaluation of acquired anomalies of the aorta (author's transl)]. AB - Acquired anomalies of the aorta represent at the present time an excellent indication for scanning in vascular diseases. This form of examination permits perfect visualization of aneurysms, wherever they are located, frequently enabling a tumour in the vicinity of the aorta to be eliminated. It provides an exact topographic picture of the lesions with a quantitative indication of their height. The detection of a peri-aortic hematoma facilitates the diagnosis of cracking of the aneurysm. Scanning has a far from negligible contribution to make to the diagnosis of aortic dissections. The visualization of intraluminal calcifications at a distance from the wall, of a floating membrane or a false channel provides confirmation of the diagnosis and suggests the possibility of an angiography. As an additional bonus in the case of acute ischaemia of the lower limbs, scanning permits an easy and inexpensive diagnosis of a complete thrombosis of the aorta and an indication of its extent. Computerised scanning as a non-invasive and easily repeated examination, has numerous and widely varying indications in the pathology of the aorta. Its potential contribution in certain cases appears to be so great as to envisage its delaying angiography. PMID- 7288307 TI - [Treatment of intermittent claudication by physical training. Techniques and place of reeducation (author's transl)]. AB - The treatment of intermittent claudication by physical training includes walk and more specific exercises stopped before ischemia. Progresses are followed each week by the measurement of walking distance, and recognised by the majority of the authors. Physical training has thus far proved to be one of the best non surgical treatment of intermittent claudication. PMID- 7288306 TI - [The value of spectral frequency analysis by Doppler examination (author's transl)]. AB - Arterial stenoses of moderate extent may involve modifications of the blood flow. Arterial shading is not always examined at the best incident angle to assess the extent of the stenosis. Spectral frequency analysis by Doppler examination is a good means of evaluating the effect of moderate arterial lesions. The present study was carried out with a Doppler effect having an acoustic spectrum, which is shown in a histogram having 16 frequency bands. The values were recorded on the two femoral arteries. A study was also made of 49 normal subjects so as to establish a normal envelope histogram, taking into account the following parameters: maximum peak (800 Hz), low cut-off frequency (420 Hz), high cut-off frequency (2,600 Hz); the first peak was found to be present in 81 % of the subjects (at 375 Hz) and the second peak in 75 % of the subjects (2,020 Hz). Thirteen patients with iliac lesions of different extent were included in the study; details of these lesions were established in all cases by aortography. None of the recorded frequency histograms were located within the normal envelope. Two cases of moderate iliac stenoses were noted ( Less Than 50 % of the diameter) which interfered with the histogram, even though the femoral velocity signal was normal. PMID- 7288308 TI - [Study of variations in the regional blood volume in the limbs under effort or thermal stress in arterial conditions (author's transl)]. AB - The method of measuring the regional blood volume by labelling the erythrocytes with Technetium-99m has been applied to two groups of patients suffering either from arteritis of the lower limbs or from Raynaud's syndrome. A reduction in the blood volume during physical effort has been observed in arteritis of the lower limbs, followed by a rise of varying extent depending on the severity of the condition. In some cases surgical treatment has produced a particularly obvious effect on the variations in the blood volume, accompanied by a favourable clinical evolution. It has been found in patients suffering from Raynaud's syndrome that the reduction in the blood volume continues after the end of the exposition of the patients' hands to a temperature of 10 degrees C. PMID- 7288309 TI - [Round table discussion on the external saphenous vein]. PMID- 7288311 TI - [Per-operative blood flow measurement, complement to arteriography. Control and prognostic appreciation method (author's transl)]. AB - Per-operative blood flow measurement is studied as hemodynamic control in complement of arteriography (anatomic control). Early (1 month) and late (2 years) results are so reviewed in 217 popliteal or distal revascularisation. The authors attach more importance to the late value of peripheral arterial resistance with appears in relationship with early prognostic and post-operative failure. The authors recommend a vascodilative test to define maximum flow and real value of peripheral arterial resistance. The study of intra-arterial vasodilator response appreciates better the value of distal run-off receptivity and was found to correlate well with clinical results. The present study demonstrates prognostic significance of per-operative flow data. PMID- 7288310 TI - [Treatment of stage II arteriopathy of the lower limbs with coronary involvement (author's transl)]. AB - The author discusses the choice between medical or surgical treatment of a stage II arteriopathy of the lower limbs. 1. Medical treatment: recommended walking, prescription of calcium antagonists (Nifedipine and Diltiazem), maintenance of the cardiac blood flow and anticoagulant treatment. 2. Surgical treatment is less usual and should take into account the coronary involvement. PMID- 7288312 TI - [Subclavian artery rupture during closed thoracobrachial injuries. Report on eleven cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 11 cases of subclavian artery rupture following thoraco brachial trauma. They present their results with special mention on diagnosis value of the first rib fracture and functional signification of associated peripheral neurologic damage. PMID- 7288313 TI - [Main part of two factors of exogenous origin contained in the blood capillary wall (author's transl)]. AB - Besides the l-ascorbic acid (C1 factor), we put in evidence the l-epi 3',4',5',5,7-pentahydroxyflavan-3-ol (C2 factor) in the blood capillary wall. It was mainly located and found in the endothelial cell membranes. To reach that results, we used an original method using a specific polyphenoloxydase extracted from Psaliota campestris. PMID- 7288314 TI - [The course of Cockett's disease (author's transl)]. AB - The term of Cockett's syndrome stands for a lower limb dysfunction with venous stasis originating from the left common iliac compression by the right common iliac artery at the pelvic inlet level. For the authors, there are three evolutive stages. -- first stage: a simple compression without any anatomic venous parietal lesion. -- second stage: to the previous, are added left common iliac vein lesions consisting of an inner vascular band formation. -- third stage: final evolution: ilio-femoral thrombosis. Therefore, the diagnosis must be done as early as possible. It lies on the left lower limb phlebography. PMID- 7288315 TI - [Unstable erection due to venous insufficiency. Diagnosis and surgical correction. 10 cases with a mean follow-up 12 months (author's transl)]. AB - Ten cases of unstable erection by venous insufficiency are reported. Clinical and diagnostic features are emphasized with presentation of cavernosography with passive erection studies and classification of venous incompetence. Surgical correction by the new original technique of arterialization of deep dorsal vein of penis was convenient in 8 up on 10 cases with one year mean follow up. The new concept of unstable erection by venous incompetence is discussed. PMID- 7288316 TI - [Characteristic transient times measured by backscattered laser light in blood suspension flow (author's transl)]. AB - An optical method is proposed for studying rouleaux formation and red blood cells (RBC) orientation. Both relations, first between m, the mean number of RBCs per rouleau and reflectivity, and second between the oriented RBCs fraction and the variation of the isotropic reflectivity are proposed. Our experimental data about aggregation relaxation time and orientation relaxation time are discussed and compared to viscometric results. PMID- 7288317 TI - [Reliability and value of arterial blood-flow monitoring during operation (author's transl)]. AB - The predictive values of blood-flow monitoring using the Doppler effect during operation, to detect anatomical causes of correctable low blood flow or early thrombosis in the absence of correction, was studied in 309 cases of revascularization. When employed under precise conditions, this technique was found to be of high predictive value. Flow rates can be classified in four risk zones: very high, high, low, or nil. In practice, whenever values fall below a critical threshold of 130 ml/min at the iliofemoral level or 55 ml/min at the femoropopliteal level, arteriography should be conducted to establish the cause of the reduced flow, and to enable immediate correction of any technical fault, or improvement in distal flow. The value of this method is shown by the fact that of 44 cases with reduced flow, 22 could not be improved, and early thrombosis occurred in 70% while, in 20 cases, improvement was obtained, and early thrombosis occurred in only 10%. The use of blood-flow monitoring techniques during operation can be assumed to have reduced the incidence of early thrombosis by 27% in those cases with diminished flow, and by 4% in the overall group. PMID- 7288319 TI - [Stripping of the essential varicose veins]. PMID- 7288321 TI - [Speech by the president of the congress]. PMID- 7288320 TI - [Delivery of diplomas from a member of honor of the French College of Vascular Pathology]. PMID- 7288318 TI - [The blue tests. Current data concerning its indications and interpretation (author's transl)]. AB - The blue test is designed to reveal oedema of total or partial lymphatic origin. It consists of the subcutaneous or intradermal injection in oedematous areas of a very small amount of violet patent blue and study of its resorption. The diagnosis is immediate and although reliability is not absolute it is nevertheless highly constant. Intolerance to the dye injected is rare, though sometimes severe, and users should be aware of the possibility. The Blue test remains of great interest in angeiology. PMID- 7288322 TI - [Doppler investigations of collaterals of the cervico-cerebral arteries (author's transl)]. AB - The present study concerns the technique and typical findings in velocimetric investigation of potential or developed collaterals of the cervico-cerebral arteries. This haemodynamic analysis has been compared with hundreds of arteriographies over five years' routine use of cervico-cerebral Doppler investigation. This demonstrates its value, not only in terms of its reliability and diagnostic abilities, as well as the prognostic data which it provides to both the neurologist and the surgeon. PMID- 7288323 TI - [Intramural hematoma after anticoagulant therapy. Diagnostic value of the barium x-ray examination made in differed emergency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288324 TI - [Prognosis of chronic post-traumatic thoracic aorta aneurysms in 15 patients (author's transl)]. AB - False chronic post-traumatic aneurysms of the ascending aorta were detected in 15 patients. These aneurysms were false because only a few cells were present in their walls: it is only after survival for more than 3 weeks tht one can speak of chronic aneurysms, and only 5% of the injured patients survived for this period of time. The lesions show marked progression for one year, but rupture of apparently quiescent aneurysms may occur up to 20 years after the initial injury. The prognosis of these lesions is therefore comparable with that of other aortic aneurysms. Cardiovascular surgery has progressed to such an extent, and the risks are so low (0% in this series), that surgical correction should be systematically considered. PMID- 7288325 TI - [A proposed classification for diabetic arteritis based on functional and arteriographic data (author's transl)]. AB - Three main types of arteriopathy in diabetic patients can be distinguished by comparing arteriographic and "irrigraphic" data. High forms, with non-specific irrigraphic findings, fall within the framework of typical arteriosclerotic types of arteritis. Distal femorotibial forms, with characteristics in irrigraphic tracings found only in diabetes, differ from the previous forms. Finally, there are hyperirrigation syndromes in which the functional element is dominant, and which can be considered as early forms of diabetic arteriopathy. These conclusions are based on a study of 180 cases, arteriographic and irrigraphic data being compared in 90 of these patients. PMID- 7288326 TI - [Embryology, anomalies, dystrophy and pathology of the lower limbs arteries (author's transl)]. AB - The development in the embryo of the lower limbs arteries is made by means of the retrogression of the ischiatic artery, which is initially preponderant, and of the persistence in the popliteal pit of an anastomosis between the original ischiatic axis and the final femoral axis. The tibial arteries originate from one or the other of these axes. The attention is turned to the areas rendered fragile by the complexity of their forming and likely to provoke some topographic anomaly or some dystrophic disease: persistence of the ischiatic artery, trapped popliteal artery, gelatinous dystrophy, Leriche-Fontaine aneurysmal dystrophy, anterior tibial hypoplasia. The repetition of such problems which are non existent at the upper limbs and are localized to the same arterial segments, especially to the popliteal artery, puts stress upon an eventual dysplasic pathogenesis originating from the embryo. PMID- 7288327 TI - [Glomus caroticum tumours, Report of 9 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288329 TI - [Zinc and vascular disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288328 TI - [Reconstructive aorto-iliac arterial surgery: problems during anaesthesia and intensive care (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288330 TI - [Spectral analysis of frequencies by conventional Doppler effect examination of the supra-aortic trunks (author's transl)]. AB - Using a directional Doppler (4 MHz) coupled to a frequency analyser, authors investigate the supra-aortic trunks on 90 patients documented by arteriography. The analyser is made of a 16 filter bank system giving a spectrum composed of 16 frequency bands within range of 160 Hz to 4,800 Hz. Data analysis is made on a computer using the comparison means test and the discriminant analysis. Authors compare frequencies on normal common carotid arteries between a group (N = 102) with internal and external carotid arteries free of lesions on one hand, and a group (N = 75) with stenosis or occlusion of internal and/or external carotid arteries on the other hand. They don't note any significant difference for each on of the 16 frequency bands. Comparison of frequencies between normal subclavian arteries (N = 115) and subclavian arteries with proximal stenosis or occlusion (N = 24) shows a significant difference concerning the following bands : F12, F14, F15, F16 (p = 0.05), F13 (p = 0.01). Comparison of frequencies between normal internal carotid arteries (N = 108) and stenosed internal carotid arteries (N = 57) shows significant difference concerning : F11 (p = 0.05), F7, F8, F9, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16 (p = 0.01). On the other side, the discriminant function distinguishes a normal internal carotid artery from a stenosed internal carotid artery in 90% of cases, whatever the stenosis degree is. A discriminant function, added to this analyser, could obtain a frequency analysis easier and less expensive than by fast Fourier transform. PMID- 7288331 TI - [The diabetic foot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288332 TI - [Contribution of the specialist in foot surgery to the treatment of the diabetic foot]. AB - Prophylaxis plays an important role in the treatment of the diabetic foot. To prevent perforating plantar ulcers, static disorders should be treated by the use of an orthopaedic sole for improved weight distribution and prevention of hyperkeratosis. Minimal preventive surgery should be employed in cases with anterior foot deformities, to avoid complications from ill-fitting shoes. Therapy for the lesions themselves : bursitis, toe infections, necrosis, perforating plantar ulcers, includes general treatment of the diabetes, antibiotic therapy, vascular agents, bed rest with active mobilization, and appropriate local measures that are often prolonged and require great perseverance. Follow-up surveillance after healing is necessary to avoid recurrences. PMID- 7288333 TI - [The diabetic foot: surveillance and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288334 TI - [Surgical treatment of the diabetic foot]. PMID- 7288335 TI - On the survival probability of a slightly advantageous mutant gene with a general distribution of progeny size--a branching process model. PMID- 7288336 TI - A model of the role of natural killer cells in immune surveillance--I. AB - The theory of immune surveillance of Thomas and Burnet stated in part that antigenic differences between neoplastic and normal cells provide the stimulus for their destruction by cells of the immune system. Burnet pointed to the T lymphocyte as the cell which mediated this surveillance. The existence of some form of surveillance in cases of no T lymphocyte functioning presents the possibility that surveillance, if present at all, is mediated by non T cells. Cells identified as naturally cytotoxic killer (NK) cells appear to have properties required of a surveillance effector population. This paper utilizes properties of NK cells and the effects of interferon on this population to construct a mathematical model of the characteristics that an NK cell surveillance would have. A two level theory of immune surveillance is proposed. PMID- 7288337 TI - The pre-practice seminar and physician recruitment conference--a 4-year review. PMID- 7288338 TI - Pseudo anterior myocardial infarction as a manifestation of severe pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7288340 TI - The creation and termination of the physician-patient relationship: the physician's options. PMID- 7288339 TI - Uncommon, life-threatening left upper quadrant mass. PMID- 7288341 TI - Preventing atherosclerosis through exercise and control of blood coagulation. PMID- 7288342 TI - Rights and responsibilities. AB - As an alternative to rights theory, John Ladd proposes an ethics of responsibility based on interpersonal relationships. These relationships, described as friendships, are personal in nature, founded on trust, and obtain between doctor and patient, parent and child, etc. Ladd presents his views in a most appealing way -- helping the needy, being friends with the doctor. We argue that Ladd's ethics of responsibility is plausible only because he ignores the facts of power which rights theory was designed to take into account, and that rights and the corresponding institutional model of medicine are indeed appropriate to the physician/patient relationship. PMID- 7288343 TI - Experimentation on children and proxy consent. PMID- 7288344 TI - Medical foundations of various approaches to medical-ethic decision-making. AB - Philosophers have long recognized that the unique values of the individual physician effect medical-ethical decision-making. While not taking issue with this basic assumption, this article critically examines one discussion of how different philosophies (existential, utilitarian, and value realist) can influence a neurosurgeon's decision to operate upon a person having a malignant brain tumor. It also delineates and discusses a fund of "medical wisdom" commonly available to any neurosurgeon and easily obtainable by both researcher and patient. The article suggests that those in the humanities interested in studying the ethical decision-making process in a medical subspecialty become familiar with this fund of knowledge. It can provide a base for evaluating when and how individual medical decisions vary. In this specific instance, the medical knowledge base was used to direct attention to when and how ethical issues are identified and resolved within the staff clinical neurosurgical setting. An informal survey among resident and staff neurosurgeons supported the conclusions that philosophical analyses of medical-ethical decision-making are appreciated when case examples are carefully and accurately documented, when medical terminology is used correctly and when recognition of the practical limits placed on medical decision-making is given. PMID- 7288345 TI - Mental health as rational autonomy. AB - Rather than eliminate the terms "mental health and illness" because of the grave moral consequences of psychiatric labeling, conservative definitions are proposed and defended. Mental health is rational autonomy, and mental illness is the sustained loss of such. Key terms are explained, advantages are explored, and alternative concepts are criticized. The value and descriptive components of all such definitions are consciously acknowledged. Where rational autonomy is intact, mental hospitals and psychotherapists should not think of themselves as treating an illness. Instead, they are functioning as applied axiologists, moral educators, spiritual mentors, etc. They deal with what Szasz has called "personal, social, and ethical problems in living." But mental illness is real. PMID- 7288346 TI - Personal identity in the light of brain physiology and cognitive psychology. AB - The concept of the person, and the notion that the latter is an entity separate and distinct from other persons, has persisted as one of the more secure "givens" of philosophical thought. We have very little difficulty, in observer language, in pointing to a person, describing his or her attributes, distinguishing him or her from other persons, etc. Likewise, it is ordinarily not much of a problem to subjectively experience, both sensorially and conceptually, the self - that is, to distinguish in agent language "my person" from the rest of the universe. The second of these two perspectives on the person defines the "I," "ego," or "identity." Several recent developments in experimental psychology and brain science - while not defeating the ordinary notion of the person on the merits of data per se - at least force a re-thinking of tacit assumptions basic to our sense of the concepts of both the person and personal identity. In this paper, I would like to show how the concept of the person needs revision, and at the same time to raise some objections to Shaffer's (1977) account of the consequences of brain bisection and brain transplant with respect to the fate of the person and his identity. PMID- 7288347 TI - Database technology in health care. AB - In this paper we will introduce the concepts of database technology in a way that will make it easy to relate the issues of the technology to problems in health care. After the objectives of the database approach have been defined, the major components of databases and their function will be discussed. The remainder of this paper presents the scientific and operational issues associated with database technology in health care. In the scientific exposition we will begin with the logical design issues, those that assure that the data will reflect the medical environment correctly, and then we will discuss the choices that are available for the physical implementation of a database on a computer system. The operational aspects will range from data entry to output presentation. The importance and growth of these systems has been well documented. Rather than providing a survey of the field, this exposition is intended to link general concepts to the practices observed by us and others. PMID- 7288348 TI - Intercellular junctions in developing rat submandibular glands. (I) Tight junctions. PMID- 7288349 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of the red pulp of mouse spleen. PMID- 7288350 TI - Whole mount observation of cultured cells by 200 kV ultrahigh resolution TEM. PMID- 7288351 TI - A new method for both light and electron microscopy of identical sites in semi thin tissue sections embedded GMA, Quetol 523 and methyl methacrylate. PMID- 7288353 TI - Microdissection within SEM using new micromanipulator. PMID- 7288354 TI - Dynamic tensile properties of the plantaris tendon of sheep (Ovis aries). AB - 1. The stresses applied during fast locomotion are sufficient to stretch the tendon far into the linear region of the load-extension plot. 2. The tangent modulus in the linear region is about 1.65 GN.m-2 and is independent of frequency for oscillations in the range 0.22 to 11 Hz. 3. Internal damping dissipates about 7% of the mechanical energy applied during oscillations. The load range (0 to about 1 kN) and frequencies (0.22 to 11 Hz) were comparable to those arising during locomotion. 4. The rate of rise of temperature, during the initial period of an oscillation, was consistent with the mechanical measurement of power loss. 5. The dynamic mechanical properties are appropriate for the hypothesis of energy saving by storage in tendons during fast locomotion. PMID- 7288352 TI - Photographic emulsion materials for high quality low magnification and large field image recording. PMID- 7288355 TI - Respiration in exercising fowl. I. Oxygen consumption, respiratory rate and respired gases. AB - 1. Oxygen consumption, respiratory frequency, and the PO2 of expiratory and interclavicular air sac gases were continuously monitored in six female domestic fowl trained to exercise on a treadmill for 10 min periods at normal or elevated air temperatures. 2. At normal temperatures (20 +/- 2 degrees C) the cost of locomotion rose from 0.46 ml O2 kg-1 m-1 at 0-3 km h-1 to 0.77 ml O2 kg-1 m-1 at the maximum speed of 4.3 km h-1. At 32 +/- 2 degrees C, Vo2 increased by as much as 20% compared to normal temperatures. 3. Hyperventilation occurred at all speeds and at both normal and elevated temperatures. End-tidal and interclavicular PO2 increased, in a parallel manner with speed, the latter remaining consistently 6-7 Torr less than the former both at rest and during exercise. PMID- 7288356 TI - Respiration in exercising fowl. II. Respiratory water loss and heat balance. AB - 1. Respiratory water loss and rectal temperature were measured in domestic fowl running for 10 min on a treadmill at speeds of 1.24-4.3 km h-1 in air temperatures of 20 +/- 2 degrees C or 32 +/- 2 degrees C. 2. At given speeds the water loss at 32 +/- 2 degrees C was approximately twice that at 20 +/- 2 degrees C and the end-exercise rectal temperature was 0.5-0.8 degrees C higher. 3. At 20 +/- 2 degrees C, respiratory evaporation accounted for 10-12% of the total metabolic energy used at all speeds. At 32 +/- 2 degrees C, the fractional respiratory heat loss fell from 26.5% at 1.24 km h-1 to 17% at 3.6 km h-1. The fraction of the total metabolic energy stored as body heat rose progressively with air temperature. PMID- 7288358 TI - Sex differences in retention of verbal and spatial characteristics of stimuli: a cross-cultural replication. PMID- 7288359 TI - Developmental differences in cognitive mapping: configurational knowledge of familiar large-scale environments. PMID- 7288357 TI - Intelligence-related differences in semantic processing speed. PMID- 7288360 TI - Developmental trends in the use of perceptual and conceptual attributes in grouping, clustering, and retrieval. PMID- 7288361 TI - S + versus S- fading in prompting procedures with autistic children. PMID- 7288362 TI - Internal spatial relationships in young children's drawings. PMID- 7288363 TI - Induction of lymphoid cell chimerism in noninbred, histocompatible rabbits. A new model for studying allotype suppression in the rabbit. AB - Noninbred rabbits, matched with regard to the major histocompatibility complex (RLA-A and RLA-D loci) but mismatched for Ig allotypes, served as donors (adult) and recipients (newborn) of lymphoid cells. Lasting chimerism regularly followed the transfer of 1 x 10(8)-3 x 10(8) spleen, lymph node, or bone marrow cells, as indicated by the continued production of Ig with allotypic determinants of both donor and recipient. Typically, Ig of donor allotype accounted for 25-50% of total allotypic Ig at 4 wk of age and the amount of donor Ig produced remained stable for up to 20 mo. Total allotypic Ig levels remained normal in the chimeric rabbits. "Chimeric drift" or a gradual diminution of donor products over a period of several months, occurred in some individuals. Transfer of lymphoid cells from allotype-suppressed adult donors to newborns of appropriate allotypes did not result in specific suppression of the target allotype in the recipients. Other experiments showed that lymphoid cells from suppressed donors adoptively transferred to histocompatible recipients continued to synthesize Ig of the nonsuppressed type only. The suitability of using an outbred population of histocompatible but allotype-mismatched rabbits for analyzing allotype suppression and other immunoregulatory phenomena is demonstrated by the results presented here. PMID- 7288366 TI - Priming-produced facilitation or diminution of responding to a Pavlovian unconditioned stimulus. AB - Two experiments, concerned with signal-produced variation of unconditioned response (UR) amplitude, evaluated the roles of US intensity and response measure in determining when signaling the US results in a conditioned diminution or a conditioned facilitation of responding. In Experiment 1, rabbits received discrimination training, in an eye-blink-conditioning preparation, with a 1-mA, 50-msec shock US. In testing, preceding the US by SC+ facilitated the eye blink response compared with preceding the US by CS- or neither CS. In Experiment 2, subjects received discrimination training with a 5-mA US and were tested with 1-, 2-, and 5-mA US. During testing, subjects' eye blink responses (for which robust CRs were observed) and gross body movement responses (for which no CRs were observed) were simultaneously recorded. for the eye blink response, preceding the US by CS+ facilitated responding to the 1-mA US, produced negligible differences in responding to the 2-mA US, and diminished responding to the 5-mA US, compared with preceding the US by CS- or neither CS. For the movement response, preceding the US by CS+ diminished responding at all three US intensities, with the decremental effects increasing with increases in US intensity. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 are discussed in terms of the dual effects of CS+: the diminution of US processing and the contribution of the conditioned response to the measured response. PMID- 7288364 TI - Low-calorie diet selectively reduces expression of retroviral envelope glycoprotein gp70 in sera of NZB x NZW F1 hybrid mice. AB - The effect of dietary restriction on the expression of retroviral envelope glycoprotein, gp70, and the formation of gp70-anti gp70 immune complexes was investigated in lupus-prone NZB x NZW F1 hybrid mice. Restricting total calorie intake from the usual 20 to only 10 calories per day after weaning markedly reduced serum levels of both free and antibody-complexed gp70, prevented renal disease, and increased the life spans of these mice. The reduction in serum gp70 was evident after only 2 wk of feeding these animals the low-calorie diet, and the concentration remained virtually unchanged throughout the course of 10 mon experimentation. However, serum concentrations of the major structural protein, p30, of endogenous retroviruses were not altered by restricting calories. Amounts of the serum glycoprotein, haptoglobin, decreased parallel to those of gp70 but amounts of albumin did not. These results suggest that the expression of gp70 in serum is controlled independently of the production of complete viral particles, and regulated by a mechanism similar to that for other serum glycoproteins, such as haptoglobin. PMID- 7288365 TI - Role of prostaglandin E in the biphasic fever response to endotoxin. AB - Biphasic fevers were induced in sheep with intravascular infusions or injections of 4-10 mug (80-200 ng/kg) of endotoxin, whereas monophasic fevers were obtained with doses of 1-2/mug (20-40 ng/kg). A marked increase in arterial blood pressure invariably accompanied the onset of fever; the latency of responses to the higher and lower doses of endotoxins averaged 26 min and 42 min, respectively. Prostaglandin (PG) assays of plasma from the carotid artery and jugular vein during fever episodes revealed a surge of PGE and PGF coincident with the pressor response and the first phase of fever, but PG were not detected in plasma samples taken throughout the second phase of fever. PG measurements of arterial and venous plasma collected at a distal site (hind limb) showed a similar surge of PGE and PGF in association with the early fever response, indicating that intravascular PG synthesis and release represents a generalized systemic response to circulating endotoxin. Carotid arterial infusions of PGE(2) produced immediate monophasic fevers and pressor responses, whereas PGD(2) infusions produced an immediate pressor effect but no fever. Infusions of PGF(2alpha) or prostacyclin, however, evoked neither fever nor pressor effects. Intracarotid infusions of leukocyte pyrogen (LP) caused monophasic fevers with latent periods of 15-20 min but pressor responses were not seen and neither PGE nor PGF were detected in plasma samples from the carotid artery or jugular vein before or during fever. Indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism, blocked fever responses to endotoxin and to LP. These findings implicate PGE as the mediator of the early phase of endotoxin fever and imply a role for another pyrogenic metabolite ofarachidonic acid in the mediation of the second phase of fever, i.e., the phase associated with circulating LP. It is possible that both pyrogenic metabolites are generated within the vascular compartment, reaching thermoregulatory centers of the brain by transfer across the blood-brain interface. PMID- 7288367 TI - Associations to contextual stimuli as a determinant of long-term habituation. AB - A series of experiments was performed to determine whether long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response in rats is mediated by conditioned associations between contextual cues and the test stimulus. Experiment 1 established parameters yielding demonstrable long-term habituation of the startle response. Experiment 2 attempted to overshadow the hypothesized associations to contextual cues by providing a more reliable predictor of the acoustic stimulus. Experiment 3 investigated the effect of changes in contextual cues on long-term habituation. Experiment 4 provided treatments designed to extinguish the hypothesized associations between the context and the habituated stimulus. Experiment 5 sought latent inhibition of the hypothesized association between the contextual cues and the acoustic stimulus. The results of these experiments uniformly failed to support an associative model of long-term habituation of the startle response, but they are consistent with a nonassociative model emphasizing habituation to the entire experimental situation rather than exclusively to the iterated stimulus. PMID- 7288368 TI - Stimulus interaction and between-trials proactive interference in monkeys. AB - Most theoretical accounts of proactive interference in delayed-matching-to-sample paradigms focus on processes linked to time. Two experiments questioned this exclusive focus on temporal facts. Between-trials proactive interference was studied in a situation in which the similarity of consecutive trials was varied along the dimensions of color, form, and position. All of these factors as well as the similarity of sample and test contexts contributed to memory performance. A mathematical model based on the assumptions that similarity strongly influences memory-based judgements and that overall similarity is determined by the multiplicative interaction of component dimensions gave an excellent qualitative and quantitative account of the data in both experiments. These results support a broader view of factors determining proactive interference and are inconsistent with the idea that these multiple factors can be treated as independent. PMID- 7288369 TI - Rapid contextual conditioning in autoshaping. AB - Two experiments are reported which investigate the speed of contextual conditioning in autoshaping. In both experiments, a procedure was employed in which ring doves were magazine trained in one context prior to the manipulation of background values in a second context. In Experiment 1, subjects were exposed to 4, 8, 64, 128, or 256 US-only presentations prior to autoshaping. Acquisition speed and maintained response measures were monotonically related to the number of pretraining trials. Subjects in Group 4 acquired the key-peck response fastest, and retardation was maximal within 64 pretraining trials. In Experiment 2, subjects given 20 pretraining trials were significantly more retarded than subjects given 2 pretraining trials, but only when pretraining and testing were conducted in the same context. Overall, the results of these experiments show that in autoshaping, contextual conditioning is very rapid; this demonstrates the plausibility of theoretical accounts of Pavlovian conditioning which assert that the development of the conditioned response depends on the associative values of both the CS and background stimuli. PMID- 7288370 TI - Effects of differential reinforcement expectancies on successive matching-to sample performance in pigeons. AB - A series of experiments employed a symbolic variant of Konorski's delayed successive matching-to-sample task in order to determine whether differential reinforcement expectancies affect discriminative responding. One of two sample stimuli (S1 or S2) was followed, after a delay (0, 5, or 10 sec), by one of two test stimuli (T1 or T2). Pigeons' key pecking during test periods could produce food only on S1-T1 and S2-T2 (positive) trials; nonreinforcement invariably occurred on S1-T2 and S2-T1 (negative) trials. Differential reinforcement was scheduled by following the two positive trial sequences with different probabilities of reinforcement (.2 and 1.0); nondifferential reinforcement was scheduled by following the two positive trial sequences with a single, intermediate probability of reinforcement. (.6). Subjects given differential reinforcement acquired the conditional discriminaton more rapidly and reached higher terminal levels of performance than nondifferential controls (Experiment 1). Moreover, the magnitude of these differences increased as the delay between sample and test stimuli was lengthened. Reversing the probabilities of reinforcement in the differential problem produced a substantial and durable disruption of conditional discrimination performance (Experiment 2). The same general pattern of results was obtained when differential sample key pecking was eliminated (Experiment 3). These results can be parsimoniously interpreted by postulating the existence of learned reinforcement expectancies, and they detract from the merits of trace theory as a complete account of animal memory. PMID- 7288371 TI - Association between the elements of a bivalent compound stimulus. AB - Evidence that an association forms between the elements of a bivalent compound stimulus during inhibitory training was provided in four experiments with rats in a conditioned suppression task. This association occurred both in a conditioned inhibition paradigm, which intermixed A+ and AX- trials (Experiments 1 and 2), and in an extinction-inhibition paradigm, which presented A+ and AX- training sequentially (Experiments 3 and 4). The within-compound association appeared to be bidirectional inasmuch as excitatory changes in the value of either component affected responding to the associated component. After inhibitory training in Experiments 1-3, pairings of the inhibitory stimulus (X) with shock increased suppression to the associated excitatory stimulus (A). In Experiment 4, additional pairings of the excitatory stimulus (A) with shock after inhibitory training increased suppression to the associated inhibitory stimulus (X). These studies add to a growing body of evidence on within-compound associations and encourage the development of a conceptual framework that provides an integrated description of within-compound and stimulus-reinforcer learning. PMID- 7288372 TI - Facilitation and retardation of discrimination learning after exposure to the stimuli. AB - In three experiments, rats was required to learn a simultaneous discrimination in a jumping stand between horizontally and vertically striped objects. Experiment 1 showed that prior prolonged exposure to these stimuli in the rats' home cages helped them to learn the discrimination. Experiment 2 showed that a briefer period of exposure (1 hr per day for 50 days) was equally effective when the stimuli were presented in the home cage but produced a retardation of discrimination when the stimuli were presented in the jumping stand itself. Experiment 3 demonstrated that prior exposure to the jumping stand was not in itself enough to produce a retardation of subsequent discrimination learning. Some implications of these results for current theories of perceptual learning and latent inhibition are discussed. PMID- 7288373 TI - An improved method for the determination of the plasma volume with Evans Blue. AB - A new method for the spectrophotometric determination of Evans Blue in plasma is presented. The method is based on the precipitation of the non-albumin fraction of the plasma proteins with polyethylene glycol, in order to eliminate the variable background absorption of plasma at the wavelength of maximum absorbance of Evans Blue. The accuracy and precision of the method is excellent: at an Evans Blue concentration in plasma of 5 mg . 1(-1) the coefficient of variation of the method is less than 1%. Five different procedures currently in use for the calculation of the plasma volume from the amount of indicator injected and the concentration at zero time (c0) were compared. Extrapolation to zero time of the early part (10 to 60 min) of the log concentration vs time curve turned out to the the best method for the calculation of c0, and hence yields the best estimate of the plasma volume. PMID- 7288374 TI - A comparison of eleven commercial kits for the determination of serum ferritin levels. AB - Eleven commercial kits for serum ferritin have been compared. Seven kits used RIA and four IRMA methodology. Seven kits used human liver ferritin, two human spleen ferritin and two undefined human ferritin as standard material. Incubation times varied between 30 minutes and 36 hours. Only four kits gave normal ranges determined with the kit in question. All values were compared with the kit in routine use. Although correlation of results was good in 10 cases, (r = 0.903 0.993) the numerical values varied greatly, (slope of the regression line b = 0.437-1.94). These values were obtained from at least 30 sera for each kit. Seven kits gave significantly different results from the routine kit (p less than 0.05 - Wilcoxon matched pairs test -- two tail value). Inter and Intra-assay coefficients of variation were under 12.5% in all cases within the range of interest. Four kits showed a pronounced non-linear correlation with the routine kit, and one of the IRMA kits exhibited a high-dose hook effect within the standard curve. The other three IRMA kits showed no such effect up to 2000 micrograms . liter-1 (under assay conditions). PMID- 7288375 TI - Interlaboratory investigation on the CEA assay (Roche) with column filtration, dialysis and ultrafiltration techniques. AB - An interlaboratory study on the reproducibility of the CEA (Roche) RIA Test was carried out. Four different plasma pools of approximately 2, 3, 6, and 12 micrograms/l CEA were tested over a period of 4 weeks with 4 different lots of reagents in order to determine the interassay variances. At the same time we compared the lately introduced column technique with the dialysis and ultrafiltration method. Best results were obtained with the column technique which also showed best reproducibility. Only 1.4% of samples showed deviations greater than 5% between the mean of CEA duplicates and single CEA values, and these were omitted from the evaluation. On the other hand about 15% of the corresponding dialysis results showed deviations greater than 5% and were excluded from the evaluation. The methods compared showed a good correlation with a coefficient of 0.96, but the average values for the CEA determination, using the columns technique were lower than those obtained from dialysis. Interassay variances were greater for the dialysis procedures, i.e. 1.88 +/- 0.81, 3.25 +/- 0.83, 5.81 +/- 1.09, and 11-91 +/- 1.23 compared with 1.77 +/- 0.54, 2.63 +/- 0.68, 4.89 +/- 0.79, and 11.16 +/- 1.23 for the column technique. There were no systematic changes of the CEA values over the period of 4 weeks, thus giving optimal conditions for a follow up of patients. PMID- 7288376 TI - A new method for the determination of serum iron: potentiostatic coulometry with the Ferrochem 3050. AB - Potentiostatic coulometry allows the fast determination of iron in serum samples of 50 microliters serum or less. Precision, accuracy, specificity and practicability of the method were evaluated using the Ferrochem 3050, and found to be favourable. This method can therefore be recommended to all laboratories in which small sample volumes have to be analysed. PMID- 7288377 TI - Determination of free haemoglobin in serum by an automated assay using 4 aminophenazone and the Cobas Bio System. AB - A colorimetric method for the determination of free haemoglobin in human serum is described, using 4-aminophenazone as chromogen, and commercially available haemiglobin cyanide solutions as standards. The reaction system is suitable for manual measurements as well as determinations with a centrifugal analyser (Cobas Bio System). Accuracy, linearity and stability of the procedure is shown. A reference interval in sera of normal adults was established, with an upper limit of 5 mg/dl. The alternative use of heparin plasma instead of serum is discussed. PMID- 7288378 TI - A new enzymatic method for the determination of glucose. AB - A method for the determination of glucose is described. H2O2, produced by the action of glucose oxidase, is measured from the change in absorbance due to oxidation of NAD(P)H in the presence of catalase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and a high concentration of ethanol. The quality data of the method are equivalent to those of the hexokinase-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method used as reference. PMID- 7288379 TI - Symposium on cell volume regulation. PMID- 7288380 TI - State of water and electrolytes in mammalian cells during maturation and differentiation. AB - The state of water and electrolytes was examined 1) in the rat erythroblastic leukemic cell, as a model of a maturing erythrocyte; 2) in the mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cell during the cell cycle as a model of the uninhibited proliferating cell; and 3) in a clonal population of proliferating and differentiating precursor cells cultured from the bone marrow of the rat. Methods used were phenomenological and included assessments of the volumes of osmotically active water, content of K+, Na+, and Cl-, volumes of distribution for Na+, urea, and ethylene glycol, and the thermodynamics of transport of water and solutes into and out of the cell. The erythroblastic leukemic cell provided evidence for compartments of osmotically active and inactive water and solute. The synchronized ascites tumor cell indicated that these compartments varied during the cell cycle. Membrane function as defined by its permeability to water also varied during the cell cycle. When proliferating cells matured, changes in membrane permeability to water and to nonelectrolytes also correlated with successive stages of differentiation. PMID- 7288381 TI - Metabolic consequences of the extent and disposition of the aqueous intracellular environment. AB - Attention is focused on the aqueous compartments of eucaryotic cells (nucleoplasm, cytosol, and interior compartments of cytoplasmic membrane-bound organelles). Previous work on the relationship between cell water content, the physical properties of cell water, and metabolic activity in cysts of the brine shrimp, Artemia is summarized and discussed in that context. A previously proposed general model of the organization of metabolic activity in the aqueous compartments will be summarized. PMID- 7288382 TI - Verification of an in vitro bioassay for limb bud polarizing activity. AB - An in vitro bioassay for limb bud polarizing activity in the chick embryo has been verified by two procedures, demonstrating that the culture procedure mimics occurrences in vivo. First, no activity can be detected with the in vitro assay 24 hours after removal of the posterior region of the limb. In addition, after a positive assay for activity, the responding tissue develops into polarized limb structures when transplanted to a host embryo. After a negative assay, the transplanted responding tissue fails to develop into recognizable limb structures. Since polarizing activity is defined by its ability to induce polarized limb structures in vivo we conclude that the in vitro system provides a valid assay for limb polarizing activity. PMID- 7288383 TI - Aspirin-induced teratogenesis: a unique pattern of cell death and subsequent polydactyly in the rat. AB - Offspring of pregnant rats treated with a high dose of aspirin on day 11 of gestation frequently had predominantly right-sided polydactyly of the hindlimbs at term. Aspirin-treated embryos removed on day 12 exhibited a unique pattern of preaxial mesodermal cell death in the hindlimb buds. In addition, these embryos had a delay of the normal episode of cells death in the preaxial apical ectodermal ridge and an absence of cell death in a zone of physiological necrosis in the preaxial mesoderm thought to be instrumental in controlling preaxial digit formation. The role of cell death in the pathogenesis of polydactyly is discussed. PMID- 7288384 TI - Active immunization of rats with cumulus-free mouse ova: induction of infertility and antibody titers. AB - Active immunization of rats with cross-reacting zona pellucida antigens derived from cumulus-free mouse ova resulted in the induction in fertility without adverse side effects. Half of the immunized animals never regained their fertility despite repeated matings with fertile males. Two of the remaining animals conceived when antibody titers fell to basal levels and gave birth to litters of normal healthy young. Post mortem examination of immunized animals 24 hours after finding sperm in the vaginal smears resulted in the recovery of tubal ova exhibiting the presence of a precipitate on the outer surface of the zona pellucida. Some of these ova appeared to have been fertilized, suggesting that anti-zona antibodies may also inhibit fertility through a post-fertilization mechanism of action. PMID- 7288385 TI - Inhibition of in vitro fertilization of mouse eggs: 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate specifically blocks penetration of zonae pellucidae by mouse spermatozoa. AB - The fertilization in vitro of mouse with intact zonae pellucidae by mouse cauda epididymal spermatozoa was inhibited in a concentration- dependent fashion by 3 quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), normally used as a specific antagonist for the muscarinic class of cholinergic receptors. Inhibition was observed with both cumulus-intact and cumulus-free preparations. QNB at 50 microM inhibited fertilization of cumulus-free eggs by greater than 90% but had no effect on the fertilization of zona-free eggs. At this concentrations, QNB had no adverse effect on sperm motility, nor did it prevent binding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida. The inhibitory effects of QNB were fully reversible. QNB is therefore a useful specific inhibitor of zona penetration. Spermatozoa in the in vitro fertilization medium bound QNB with a concentration dependence which matched that of the inhibition of fertilization. This binding was saturable and corresponded to 700 pmole/10(7) cells with KD = 10 microM. The in vitro fertilization medium contains 2% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA) which also binds QNB according to the mass action law. The large amount of QNB bound to sperm in this medium appears to be QNB binding to BSA adsorbed on the sperm cell surface: these spermatozoa bind QNB specifically in the absence of BSA with a saturable capacity of only 70 fmole/10(7) cells with KD = 5 nM. Calculation of the distribution of QNB between BSA binding sites and sperm surface binding sites in the in vitro fertilization medium indicates that the specific sperm sites become saturated with the same concentration dependence as inhibition of fertilization. However, the dissociation rate of QNB from sperm in both the presence and absence of BSA is too rapid to permit confirmation of these sites as the locus of the inhibitory effect; this locus remains to be clarified. PMID- 7288386 TI - Hormone-induced ovulation in Ambystoma tigrinum: influence of prolactin and thyroxine. AB - Treatment of hypophysectomized or intact neotenic tiger salamander larvae (Ambystoma tigrinum) with ovine prolactin (PRL) increased sensitivity of the ovary to the ovulation-inducing hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone (LH). Effects of pretreatment in vivo with PRL or thyroxine (T4) on the responsiveness of ovarian fragments in vitro to ovulation-inducing agents, LH, or progesterone (PROG) in the presence or absence of PRL were observed. In November (prior to normal spawning occurring from January through May) in vivo and in vitro treatment with PRL increased the number of oocytes producing polar bodies and the number of eggs ovulated in vitro. In April addition of PRL in vitro increased polar body formation and ovulations in response to LH or PROG, but in vivo pretreatment with PRL had no effect. Pretreatment in vivo with T4 blocked the in vitro enhancement observed with PRL. Thus, endogenous PRL may play a role in the development of ovarian sensitivity to ovulatory hormones at the level of the oocyte, and T4 may inhibit this action. PMID- 7288388 TI - Effects of 18 weeks of daily melatonin injection on reproduction and temperature regulation in the mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. AB - Mice injected daily with 50 microgram of melatonin, 12 hr after lights on, for 18 weeks, underwent gonadal regression after 4-7 weeks and reproductive recrudescence after 15 weeks. Most treated animals molted to the winter pelt after 9-11 weeks of injections, and 2 of the 10 mice experienced bouts of daily torpor after 14 weeks. PMID- 7288387 TI - Synaptic mechanisms that generate network oscillations in the absence of discrete postsynaptic potentials. AB - Synaptic mechanisms were examined in the pyloric network of the lobster stomatogastric which generate network oscillations in the absence of discrete postsynaptic potentials (PSPs). In normal saline, the unstimulated pyloric network underwent weak bursting in only a few cells. Stimulation of the input nerve, or bath application of the input neurotransmitter dopamine, produced similar vigorous bursting in many pyloric neurons. In saline-containing tetrodotoxin (TTX) plus dopamine, action potentials and corresponding discrete PSPs were blocked, but the underlying slow wave oscillations in network neurons continued. No oscillations occurred in TTX-saline without dopamine. The generation of these nonspiking network oscillations can be explained by the interaction between two synaptic mechanisms which do not produce discrete PSPs: neurotransmitter activation of bursting pacemaker oscillations in a single network neuron, and graded inhibition between network neurons. PMID- 7288389 TI - Cortical vesicle breakdown in fertilized eggs of Fundulus heteroclitus. AB - A scanning and transmission electron microscope study has been made of the cortical alveoli of the egg of Fundulus heteroclitus. The study includes both unactivated eggs and fertilized eggs fixed at intervals of 1 second to 10 minutes after insemination. The alveoli appear to vary considerably in size, in contents, and in morphological aspects of their breakdown. As it undergoes dehiscence, each vesicle may form one or several openings in the egg surface; dense granules and particulate, fibrous, or membranous material, apparently in any combination, are liberated to the nascent perivitelline space. It appears that much of the excess membrane externalized during the reaction is strung out in threads and probably lost to the perivitelline space. The evidence does not suggest that the excess membrane either "dissolves" or is retrieved by the egg cytoplasm. That part of the cortical vesicle membrane which remains continuous with the oolemma gradually becomes microvillous and loses it morphological identity. Granules and particulate matter, presumably liberated from the cortical alveoli, are seen adhering to the inner surface of chorions removed from activated eggs. The micropyle appears to be sealed with similar material. Supernumerary sperm are observed inside the chorion in some instances. The cortical reaction appears to play secondary role in the prevention of polyspermy and to be somehow related to the subsequent formation of a normal embryonic blastodisc. PMID- 7288390 TI - An experimental analysis of the role of bottle cells and the deep marginal zone in gastrulation of Xenopus laevis. AB - Earlier work suggested that the change in shape or the active migration of the bottle cells in the amphibian blastoporal region results in an invagination that comprises a major part of gastrulation. In the present study of gastrulation in Xenopus laevis, microsurgical extirpation and rearrangement experiments, analyzed with time-lapse cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy, show that the bottle cells have a lesser role in gastrulation. Gastrulation is not a process of invagination but of involution of the deep and superficial layers of the marginal zone. Involution is dependent on unique properties of the cells in the deep marginal zone. In contrast, the superficial layer, including the bottle cells, does not have properties essential for involution but is passively moved inside to form the lining of the archenteron by what is probably an active migration of the underlying cells of the deep marginal zone. Bottle cells form by the shrinking and thickening of the superficial layer in the late blastula and early gastrula. They are moved inside, largely because of their attachment to the underlying deep cells, and then they spread and flatten in the latter half of gastrulation to form a large area of the lining of the periphery of the archenteron. The formation of the initial blastoporal groove by bending of the superficial cells sheet during bottle cell formation and the extension of the periphery of the archenteron during spreading of the bottle cells is the extent of the active contribution of bottle cells to the depth of the archenteron. The bulk of the depth is generated by the vegetal extension of the marginal zone and the movement of the involuted deep cells toward the animal pole. PMID- 7288391 TI - Mouse sperm motility affected by factors in the T/t complex. AB - Motility characteristics of epididymal sperm from tw32/+ and T/+ males of several strains were compared to those of sperm from the congenic, wild, type mice. Epididymal sperm from C57BL/6-tw32/+ (B6-tw32/+) males showed a significant decline in vigorous motility and a significant increase in adhesivity to glass during 7.5 hours in vitro, while sperm from B6-+/+ males showed no changes in these characteristics. The apparent mean velocities of epididymal sperm were: B6tw32/+, 32 micro/sec; C3H-tw32/+, 60; B6XC3H hybrids (F2*-tw32/+), 44; and C3HXB6 hybrids (F2-tw32/+), 58. Each of these values was significantly lower than that of sperm from their congenic wild-type strains: B6- +/+, 115; C3H- +/+, 177; F1*-+/+, 168 and F1-+/+, 195 micro/sec. B6-T2J/+ sperm had velocities intermediate to the congenic +/+ and tw32/+ genotypes, whereas C3HT/+ sperm velocity was not significantly different from C3H- +/+. These differences in measured sperm velocity may not reflect real differences in swimming speed, but rather may indicate a difference in the shape of swimming trajectories. Erratic and convoluted swimming trajectories were observed for the majority of sperm from tw32/+ males of all genotypes. Differences in motility patterns of sperm from tw32/+ males could play a role in the abnormally high transmission of tw32 through the male. PMID- 7288392 TI - A Fickian diffusion transport process with features of transport catalysis. Doxorubicin transport in human red blood cells. AB - The transport of the antineoplastic drug doxorubicin (Adriamycin) in human red blood cells was investigated by measuring the net efflux from loaded cells. Previous data indicated that doxorubicin transport was a Fickian diffusion transport process of the electrically neutral molecule through the lipid domain of the cell membrane (Dalmark, 1981 [In press]). However, doxorubicin transport showed saturation kinetics and a concentration-dependent temperature dependence with nonlinear Arrhenius plots. The two phenomena were related to the doxorubicin partition coefficient between 1-octanol and a water phase. This relationship indicated that the two phenomena were caused by changes in the physiochemical properties of doxorubicin in the aqueous phase and were not caused by interaction of doxorubicin with cell membrane components. The physicochemical properties of doxorubicin varied with concentration and temperature because of the ability of doxorubicin to form polymers by self-association in aqueous solution like other planar aromatic molecules through pi-electron orbital interaction. The hypothesis is proposed that doxorubicin transport across cell membranes takes place by simple Fickian diffusion. PMID- 7288393 TI - On connecting large vessels to small. The meaning of Murray's law. AB - A large part of the branching vasculature of the mammalian circulatory and respiratory systems obeys Murray's law, which states that the cube of the radius of a parent vessel equals the sum of the cubes of the radii of the daughters. Where this law is obeyed, a functional relationship exists between vessel radius and volumetric flow, average linear velocity of flow, velocity profile, vessel wall shear stress, Reynolds number, and pressure gradient in individual vessels. In homogeneous, full-flow sets of vessels, a relation is also established between vessel radius and the conductance, resistance, and cross-sectional area of a full flow set. PMID- 7288394 TI - Coronavirus JHM: a virion-associated protein kinase. AB - Coronavirus JHM contains six major proteins, one of which, the 60 000 mol. wt. nucleocapsid protein pp60, is phosphorylated. In JHM-infected cells ip 60K, the intracellular precursor to pp60 is also phosphorylated. Associated with purified JHM virions is a protein kinase which will phosphorylate pp60 and a variety of exogenous substances in vitro. The enzyme has the characteristics of a cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. Both the in vivo reaction and the enzyme activity in vitro transferred the gamma-phosphate of ATP to serine residues on the nucleocapsid protein. PMID- 7288395 TI - Defective interfering particles of fixed rabies viruses: lack of correlation with attenuation or auto-interference in mice. AB - Six different fixed strains of rabies virus were analysed for their capacity to produce defective particles following acute infection of BHK-21 cells. Five of the six strains produced one or more defective particle populations with strain specific sedimentation properties, particle length and abbreviated RNA genome size. These defective particles varied in their capacity to interfere with replication of standard rabies virus in cell culture. Each virus strain characteristically either killed adult mice according to a normal dose-response pattern or to an auto-interference type of pattern, or failed to kill mice. Different strains also varied in their capacity to induce a cytopathic effect in cell culture. However, there was no apparent correlation between the presence of defective particles and the pathogenic potential of rabies virus in mice or in cell culture. PMID- 7288396 TI - A quantitative assay for cytolysis induced by Newcastle disease virus. AB - We report here an assay for quantifying virus-induced lysis, in the absence of antibody and complement, produced within 2 hr after adsorption. This technique makes use of 51CrO4 release from cell monolayers pre-incubated overnight with the isotope. The release of 51Cr is specific for virus-induced lysis and is suppressible by 0.001 M-Ca2+. This assay clearly distinguishes between wild-type Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, clone K and fusion-resistant mutant (CHO-15B), which was found to be resistant to virus-induced cytolysis. The stability of the association of isotope with monolayers of this cell type under the labelling conditions described makes this technique applicable to the study of the cytolytic effects of virus infection. PMID- 7288397 TI - The interaction of influenza virus haemagglutinin with phospholipid vesicles - morphological and immunological studies. AB - HA-lipid spheres or "virosomes' were prepared using neutral or negatively charged, but not positively charged, phospholipids. Virosomes were similar in size and shape to native virus particles although the HA subunites were at least twofold less numerous on the virosomes. The HA subunites were attached by their narrow end to the lipid bilayer, and could be removed by digestion with bromelain. However, HA subunits released from intact virus by digestion with bromelain, which removed the hydrophobic tail of the molecule, could not attach to liposomes. Measurements of HA spikes before (mean length 14.2 +/- 0.9 nm) and after attachment to liposomes (mean length 13.3 +/-0.7 nm) and examination of freeze-fractured virosomes indicated that the HA did not penetrate deeply into the lipid bilayer. Similarly, HA subunits did not penetrate deeply into the lipid of virus particles. NP and M proteins could be attached to liposomes but could not be visualized by electron microscopy. Virosomes were taken up by Vero cells by viropexis with no evidence of fusion. Incorporation of HA or NP on to virosomes resulted in increased immunogenicity compared to free HA subunits or NP respectively. This adjuvant activity was not apparent in simple mixtures of HA liposomes. The antibody induced by HA subunits, virions and virosomes reacted similarly with strain-specific (SS) antigenic determinants of the haemagglutinin. PMID- 7288399 TI - Transcriptional control of endogenous virus genes in murine lymphocytes. AB - The expression of endogenous retrovirus in murine lymphocytes is under genetic control and also depends on the differentiation state of the lymphocytes. We have used a cDNA probe complementary to induced virus RNA to quantify transcription of virus sequences in lymphocytes from mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes of the AKR, 129/J and Balb/c mice. Balb/c lymphocytes show the clearest case for induction of new virus sequences in response to stimulation. All strains including 129/J show expression of virus sequences in unstimulated control lymphocytes. The data indicate that mitogen induction of endogenous retrovirus is regulated at the transcriptional level. PMID- 7288398 TI - The location of the bromelain cleavage site in a Hong Kong influenza virus Haemagglutinin. AB - The site of bromelain cleavage in the haemagglutinin of the Hong Kong influenza virus A/Memphis/102/72 has been determined by using a diagonal peptide mapping procedure on the thermolytic digest of amidated BHA. The data show that bromelain cleavage removes the C-terminal 46 residues from HA2, and that the new carboxyl terminal residue of BHA2 is Gly 175. This is close to the beginning of the hydrophobic membrane-interacting sequence that starts at residue 183. PMID- 7288400 TI - Morphological study of virus-like particles in two transplantable tumours from BDX rats. AB - Virus-like particles were found in two transplantable tumours, Sp56 and Sp6, from BDX rats. Sp56, a neurogenic sarcoma, contains abundant C-type particles in all stadia nof morphogeneis. This tumour reacts with anti-Friend leukaemia virus gp70 and anti-Rauscher leukaemia virus p30 sera. Sp6, a fibrosarcoma, has abundant virus-like particles in the cytoplasm, very often associated with centrioles or basal bodies of a cilium. These particles consist of two concentric shells with a diam. of 60 to 65 nm. Released particles were found outside the cell with a diam. of 85 to 100 nm characterized by an envelope and an eccentrically located electron-dense nucleoid, surrounded by an intermediate layer. These virus-like particles show no cross-reaction with antisera against murine C- or B-type particles, but show ultrastructural similarity with virus particles recently described in Chinese hamster cells and in mouse cell lines infected with two retrovirus isolates from South-East Asian mice. PMID- 7288401 TI - Differential distribution of virus and histological damage in the lower respiratory tract of ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence. AB - The distribution of four strains of influenza virus [A/PR/8/34 (H0N1) and clone 64d (attenuated for ferrets) and clones 64c and 7a (virulent for ferrets) of the recombinant virus A/PR/8/34--A/England/939/69 (H3N2)] in the lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi and the hilar, intermediate and outer alveolar zones of the lung) of ferrets was monitored daily for 4 days after intranasal inoculation. On day 1, some animals had high virus titres in all the tissues but in other animals virus was undetectable, irrespective of the virus strain. Two days after inoculation increase of virus contents of all tissues tended to be restricted. On days 3 and 4, the virulent clones (64c and 7a), in contrast to the attenuated strains (A/PR/8/34 and clone 64d), consistently infected the lower respiratory tissues. However, for all infected animals the virus contents of the hilar zones of the lungs were higher than those in the intermediate zones, while the alveolar zones were relatively free from virus. Quantitative estimations of the mild histological damage occurring in the lower respiratory tract 3 to 6 days after inoculation also indicated that bronchial and bronchiolar tissue were more susceptible to influenza virus than alveolar tissue and that clones 64c and 7a produced more damage than the other two strains. In agreement with the relative viral contents of clones 64c and 7a in the bronchi and in the hilar and intermediate zones of the lung, clone 64c produced more damage than clone 7a in the bronchi and less in the bronchioles of the lung parenchyma. PMID- 7288402 TI - Comparisons of Belmont virus, a possible bunyavirus unique to Australia, with bunyamwera virus. AB - Belmont virus is an arbovirus isolated from mosquitoes and has a preference for marsupial hosts. The diameter of virions by negative staining (122 nm before fixation and 91 nm after fixation) was greater than that of Bunyamwera virus (94 nm and 79 nm respectively). However, the particles of both viruses appeared morphologically identical and sedimented at the same rate in sucrose density gradients. Belmont virus had a tripartite segmented RNA genome (28S, 24S and 11S) similar to Bunyamwera virus RNA (33S, 26S and 16S). The mol. wt. of these RNA species of Belmont virus measured by gel electrophoresis was 3.2 x 10(6), 2.4 x 10(6) and 0.3 x 10(6) compared to 2.9 x 10(6), 1.8 x 10(6) and 0.3 x 10(6) for the L, M and S species of Bunyamwera virus RNA. Both viruses comprised four structural proteins of the same relative proportions and corresponding mol. wt. For Bunyamwera virus, these were 145 x 10(3) (L), 104 x 10(3) (G1), 32 x 10(3) (G2) and 22 x 10(3) (N). The equivalent proteins of Belmont virus had mol. wt. of 147 x 10(3) (P147), 107 x 10(3) (G107), 28 x 10(3) (P28) and 25 x 10(3) (P25). Under conditions in which the envelope glycoproteins G1 and G2 of Bunyamwera virus were labelled in glucosamine, only G107 of Belmont virus was labelled. However, both G107 and P28 of Belmont virus were solubilized by non-ionic detergent and were then separable from the nucleocapsid containing all the RNA and P25. Chymotrypsin treatment of Belmont virus digested only G107, leaving a residue of P25 and P28, and of visible spikes. Similarly, G2 and the spikes of Bunyamwera virus resisted digestion with chymotrypsin. It was concluded that P28 is an envelope protein, equivalent to G2. Belmont virus thus appears to be a typical member of the Bunyaviridae but is unique in that it lacks carbohydrate in the small envelope protein (P28). PMID- 7288403 TI - Proteins and glycoproteins specified by bunyamwera virus and by Belmont virus, a possible bunyavirus, in mammalian cells. AB - Purified preparations of Belmont virus were shown to be very similar morphologically and biochemically to those of Bunyamwera virus. Comparisons of the synthesis of virus-specified proteins in Vero and BHK-21 cells confirm the close taxonomic relationship. Total protein synthesis was inhibited 95% by 23 h post-infection with Belmont virus; a similar reduction occurred earlier in Bunyamwera virus-infected cells. This inhibition was multiplicity dependent, and synthesis of the host protein component was inhibited more severely. When cells were labelled late during infection at an m.o.i. of 1, the four structural proteins were readily resolved by gel electrophoresis. A small possibly non structural protein (p14 for Belmont, p13 for Bunyamwera) was also identified late in infection in both hosts. As in the virion, the small envelope protein (P28) of Belmont virus was not glycosylated, whereas the large envelope protein G107, and the corresponding G1 and G2 of Bunyamwera virus, were labelled intracellularly in mannose, galactose and glucosamine. The kinetics of synthesis of the proteins for both viruses were similar, the events occurring earlier in Bunyamwera virus infected cells. The nucleoprotein N was the most prominent at 3 to 5 h post infection and remained so; G1 or the large envelope protein was also prominent early, but later more label was apparently incorporated into G2 or the small envelope protein. Pulse-chase experiments provided no evidence of precursor proteins. The relationship of the four or five identified virus-specified translation products to the three bunyavirus messenger RNAs remains obscure. PMID- 7288404 TI - Purification of measles virus glycoproteins and their integration into artificial lipid membranes. AB - We report a simple method for the isolation of the measles virus glycoproteins, and their subsequent incorporation into artificial lipid bilayers. The two viral glycoproteins, HA and F, were isolated in preparative amounts from disrupted purified virus by lentil lectin affinity chromatography. The proteins were reconstituted into single bilayer lipid vesicles by: (i) exchanging the non dialysable detergent Nonidet P40 (NP40) for a dialysable one, octylglucoside, while the proteins were immobilized on the lectin column and (ii) co-dialysis of the eluted glycoproteins in octylglucoside with phosphatidylcholine. The resultant 'virosomes' had visible 'spikes' and possessed haemagglutinating activity. These measles virosomes should provide a useful reagent for studying immune responses to measles virus, independent of the immunosuppressive effects of the whole virus. PMID- 7288405 TI - Antigen and polypeptide synthesis by temperature-sensitive mutants of respiratory syncytial virus. AB - A revised nomenclature for the polypeptides of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus has been devised on the basis of comparison of the Long, A2 and RSN-2 strains by slab-gel electrophoresis. Seven polypeptides, now designated VP200, VGP48, VPN41, VPP32, VPM27, VP25 and VP10, were observed in preparations of all three strains of RS virus, irrespective of the host cell of origin. In addition, a slowly migrating glycopolypeptide GP1 was prominent in partially purified RS virus of the Long and A2 strains obtained from Hep-2 cells, and to a lesser extent from BS C-1 cells. In the case of the RSN-2 strain, this polypeptide was only resolved clearly in virus obtained from Hep-2 cells. GP1 was an atypical glycopolypeptide in that 35S-methionine incorporation was poor relative to 3H-glucosamine incorporation. The ts mutants of RS virus exhibited four distinct phenotypes with respect to intracellular polypeptide synthesis and antigen production of 39 degrees C. Mutants ts 17 (complementation group B') and ts 19 (group E) were almost completely restricted, suggesting defective early functions. Mutants ts A1 (group A), ts A7 (group C) and ts 1 (group D) synthesized antigen and polypeptides normally, but the amount of antigen at the cell surface was reduced, suggesting maturation defects. In addition, the VPP32 of ts 1 (group D) exhibited an aberrant mobility, confirming its viral specificity. The remaining mutants, representing groups B, F and G exhibited generally impaired synthesis at 39 degrees C. Absence of surface filaments in ts mutant-infected cells at 39 degrees C confirmed their virus-specific nature. PMID- 7288406 TI - Coronavirus JHM: characterization of intracellular viral RNA. AB - After infection of Sac(-) cells with the murine coronavirus JHM the synthesis of seven major and two minor RNA species was induced. These RNAs were polyadenylated and single-stranded. Their mol. wt. were estimated by electrophoresis in agarose gels containing methylmercury hydroxide. The values for the major species were 6.67 x 10(6) for RNA of genome size (RNA 1), 3.42 x 10(6) for RNA 2, 2.76 x 10(6) for RNA 3, 1.35 x 10(6) for RNA 4, 1.19 x 10(6) for RNA 5, 0.93 x 10(6) for RNA 6 and 0.62 x 10(6) for RNA 7. The minor species have a size of 4.7 x 10(6) (RNA a) and 1.5 x 10(6) (RNA b). The same number of species were found by electrophoresis after denaturation with glyoxal-dimethyl sulphoxide. No gross difference in number of RNAs and the amount of each species was found between total cytoplasmic RNA, polyadenylated cytoplasmic RNA and RNA extracted from pelleted polysomes. PMID- 7288407 TI - Cleavage of Rauscher leukaemia virus (R-MuLV) Pr65gag by the Moloney leukaemia virus (M-MuLV) proteolytic activity produces the R-MuLV-specific but not the M MuLV-specific 40 000 dalton intermediate polypeptide. AB - Although the Pr65gag precursor polyproteins of Moloney murine leukaemia virus (M MuLV) and of Rauscher murine leukaemia virus (R-MuLV) have the same apparent mol. wt. by SDS--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS--PAGE), their initial approximately 40 000 dalton intermediate cleavage products differ in mol. wt., i.e. the M-MuLV product (Pr41.5gag) is 1500 daltons larger than the R-MuLV product (Pr40gag). We took advantage of this difference to show that in vitro cleavage of R-MuLV Pr65gag by the M-MuLV proteolytic activity gives rise to R MuLV Pr40gag and not M-MuLV Pr41.5gag. This result suggests that the specificity for cleavage of the MuLV Pr65gag is built into the substrate. PMID- 7288408 TI - Establishment of persistent infection in mouse cells by Sindbis virus and its temperature-sensitive mutants. AB - The ability of wild-type (wt) Sindbis virus and six temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants to establish persistent infection in mouse L cells and a line of mouse embryo (ME) cells was determined. The wt established persistent infection in both ME cells and L cells at 39 degrees C. At 30 degrees C the wt established persistent infection in L cells but not ME cells, which did not recover from the initial infection. For the ts mutants, both cell lines survived the initial infection at 39 degrees C (the restrictive temperature) but the virus was eventually eliminated. At 30 degrees C (the permissive temperature) in L cells all mutants established persistent infection. In ME cells at 30 degrees C, RNA- mutants (unable to synthesize virus-specified RNA at 39 degrees C) established persistent infection whereas the cells did not recover from infection with RNA+ mutants (able to synthesize virus-specified RNA at 39 degrees C). The wt virus was less cytopathic in L cells than in BHK or ME cells. Interferon was produced by both L and ME cells at 30 degrees C and 39 degrees C, but its activity could not be detected in either cell line at 30 degrees C. It is proposed that establishment of persistent infection is dependent on reduced cytopathogenicity in the early stage of infection, and that further evolution of the virus then occurs to a less cytopathic form. Elimination of the virus at 39 degrees C is probably due to the action of interferon. PMID- 7288409 TI - Analysis of antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin molecule of influenza B virus with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin (HA) molecule of influenza B viruses was studied with monoclonal antibodies. Antigenic drift occurred in each of the 12 different epitopes studied and there was evidence that at least two antigenically distinguishable influenza B virus strains can co-circulate during an epidemic. The frequency of antigenic variation in the HA of influenza A strains. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests on antigenic variants selected with 12 different monoclonal antibodies suggested that the antigenic determinants could be subdivided into three partially overlapping groups. Many of the antigenic variants selected with monoclonal antibodies were distinguishable from the parental virus with post-infection ferret sera, suggesting that the majority of the variants that do occur could have epidemiological potential. PMID- 7288410 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against measles virus. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were produced in vitro by fusing mouse myeloma cells (SP2) with spleen cells derived from Balb/c mice immunized with purified measles virus. Fifteen independent hybrid cell lines, isolated from two separate fusions, were maintained in culture for up to 5 months without loss of their antibody-secreting activity. Radioimmunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that in five of the hybrid lines the antibodies were directed against haemagglutinin, in two against the nucleoprotein, and in one against L protein. The remaining seven hybridomas did not precipitate viral antigens under the experimental conditions employed even though they gave positive immunofluorescence against measles virus-infected cells. Monoclonal haemagglutinin antibodies displayed anti-haemagglutinating activity and neutralized measles virus infectivity but not canine distemper virus (CDV). PMID- 7288411 TI - The distribution of guanine-cytosine pairs in adenovirus DNAs. AB - The distribution of guanine-cytosine (GC) pairs in the DNA of the highly oncogenic simian adenovirus type 7 (SA7) and the non-oncogenic human adenovirus type 6 (Ad6) has been studied by thermal denaturation and CsC1 density-gradient centrifugation. The differential of the DNA thermal denaturation curves shows the presence of pronounced peaks which indicates uneven distribution of GC pairs along the DNA chains and the presence of regions with GC content from 30 to 74% in SA7 DNA and from 40 to 68% in Ad6 DNA. The DNA restriction fragments obtained by treatment with EcoRI, BamHI, SalI, BglII and HindIII were subjected to CsC1 density-gradient centrifugation. GC content of the fragments ranged from 45 to 70% for SA7 DNA and from 43 to 61% for Ad6 DNA. The GC content of the extreme left-hand fragments, where the transforming gene(s) is located, was higher than the average for SA7 DNA and lower than the average for Ad6 DNA. The most GC-rich regions were localized in the centre of the genome. The GC content of the right hand part of both viral genomes was lower than the average. PMID- 7288412 TI - Natural occurrence of deletion mutant of human papovavirus BK capable of inducing T antigen. PMID- 7288413 TI - Biochemical composition of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus interfering particles. AB - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) was interfering particles were enriched relative to infectious virions by ultracentrifugation in a shallow gradient made of Urografin. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that they lacked the small ('S') 23S RNA as well as GP-1 and GP-2 of the infectious virion and also lacked a newly characterized glycoprotein of apparent mol. wt. 85 x 10(3); instead, they contained a novel glycoprotein with mol. wt. 65 x 10(3). PMID- 7288414 TI - Demonstration and partial characterization of an intermediate HBcAG (Dane particle) population. AB - Hepatitis-B core antigen (HBcAg) was released from Dane particles previously separated from anti-HBc by repeated pelleting through sucrose gradients separated into three HBcAg populations when analysed by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. Heavy HBcAg particles banded at a density of 1.355 gm/ml, intermediate HBcAg particles at a density of 1.33 gm/ml, and light mediate HBcAg particles at a density of 1.30 gm/ml. Like heavy HBcAg particles, intermediate HBcAg particles contained DNA polymerase activity, but the ratio of HBcAg to DNA polymerase activity was significantly different in both populations. Intermediate HBcAg particles could not be separated from heavy HBcAg particles by rate sedimentation centrifugation. The size of the HBV-DNA and the size of its single stranded gaps were not significantly different in heavy and intermediate HBcAg populations. Data accumulated in this paper suggest that the intermediate HBcAg particle differs from the heavy HBcAg particle by the amount of HBcAg polypeptides and the number of HBcAg determinants exhibited. PMID- 7288415 TI - The correspondence between self- and image movement as a cue to self-recognition for young children. AB - The importance of the correspondence between self- and image movement for the development of self-recognition was investigated in a longitudinal study with eleven 18-month old boys and girls who were seen once a month for a minimum of eight months. They were shown two self-images with movement concurrent with their own (Mirror Condition and Simultaneous Condition), two images with movement which did not correspond with their own, one of which was a self-image (Discordant Condition) and one of which was of another child (Other Child Condition), and a self-image without movement (Photograph Condition). The sequence of self recognition was the same for all children. They recognized themselves in the conditions in which there was a correspondence between self- and image movement before they recognized themselves in the conditions where there was no such correspondence. The children tested the correspondence between self- and image movement by performing repetitive actions while attending to the movement of the image. This movement testing was significantly greater in the Simultaneous Condition than in the other conditions and showed a significant increase in the session prior to self-recognition. PMID- 7288416 TI - Study organization, recall organization, and free recall in reflective and impulsive children. AB - Relationship between measures of children's study organization, recall organization and free-recall proficiency were investigated. First- and fourth graders (total N = 94 boys and girls) having reflective and impulsive conceptual tempos performed a sorting-recall task. Although older and reflective children showed high levels of recall and clustering in recall, age and conceptual tempo differences were reduced substantially when recall and clustering means were adjusted for variation in the deliberateness and ease with which Ss derived sorting organizations for to-be-recalled stimuli at study. The results were discussed in reference to study-deficiency and retrieval-deficiency hypotheses of age differences and individual differences in children's post-sort recall performance. PMID- 7288417 TI - An observation of the infant's response to strangers: a test for ecological validity. PMID- 7288418 TI - Development of children's behavior problems. AB - This study examined the development of behavior problems of white boys and girls in kindergarten through eighth grade (N = 2,991). Data included general information and ratings by teachers on the Behavior Problem Checklist, a 55-item scale that measures five dimensions of psychopathology. Results indicated two patterns of development. One trend was for conduct problems, personality problems, inadequacy-immaturity, and psychotic signs to increase from kindergarten to about the third grade, decline from the third to sixth grade, and to level off from the sixth through eighth grade. The other trend was for socialized delinquency to increase to about the third grade and to remain level through the eighth grade. Boys experienced more behavior problems than girls on four of the five Checklist dimensions, and youngsters from the lower social classes were more maladjusted than their counterparts from the higher socioeconomic groups. PMID- 7288419 TI - The development of cognitive judgment in the mentally retarded: a selective review of Piagetian-inspired research. AB - Five categories of cognitive judgments were discussed, relative to Piagetian levels of development, as follows: time, weight conservation, Type I illusions (Poggendorf), moral judgment, and color discrimination. Normative research and the mentally retarded in five areas of these judgments was reviewed, with additional suggestions for research being offered. PMID- 7288420 TI - Musical timbre imagery in young children. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which young children are capable of performing the cognitive operation of combining two separate sounds of different timbres (A + B), in order to predict or anticipate the result of a simultaneous combination (AB). In order to assess this, three tasks were developed and administered to 38 three-, four-, and five-year-old boys and girls, along with a number conservation task. The operation of imaginal/anticipatory combining of sounds (+) was measured by Task I, while the factors of perception and memory for both single and combined sounds were measured by Task II (single sounds: A = A, B = B), and Task III (combined sounds: AB = AB), respectively. It was found that some children, although they had sufficient perception and memory of the components (A and B) and of the result (AB), were yet unable to make the combination (A + B = AB) mentally or imaginally. No children who could effect the combination were found who also did not have adequate perception and memory of A, B, and AB as separate entities. Thus it seems that the latter abilities are a necessary, but not sufficient condition for the operation of imaginal combining to occur. PMID- 7288421 TI - Sex and physicians: why is it so difficult to "tell it like it is?". PMID- 7288422 TI - Emergency control measures for psychiatric inpatients. AB - This survey of a large number of patients in psychiatric hospitals found that emergency medication, seclusion or restraint, and one-to-one supervision were used infrequently. However, certain types of patients, namely the young and those in hospital for less than 2 years, were more likely to have received these control measures, Furthermore, psychiatric diagnosis was related to the use of these measures probably as a reflection of the effectiveness of treatment for these disorders. It appeared that these measures were justified based on the fact that patients receiving these controls were more likely than those not receiving controls to manifest active psychosis as well as dangerous behaviors such as physical and sexual assault, fire-setting, and deliberate self injury. PMID- 7288423 TI - Situational influences on verbal affective expression of psychosomatic and psychoneurotic patients. AB - Group comparisons between psychosomatic and psychoneurotic patients using the Gottschalk-Gleser method of speech content analysis are presented. Two matched patient groups (N = 40 each) were discriminated on the basis of anxiety and hostility scores derived from verbal samples collected during psychoanalytically conducted first interviews. A concordance with clinical classification was reached in 79.75 per cent of cases, with psychosomatic patients exhibiting lower affect scores. These results could not be replicated in a comparison between 92 psychoneurotic and 56 psychosomatic patients based upon verbal samples produced in responses to a request to narrate a dramatic life episode (standard instruction). Percentage of correctly classified cases was 62.84 in the second study. Factor structures derived from affective variables showed more similarity between independent samples of psychoneurotic than between samples of psychosomatic patients across both exploration situations (interview and standard instruction). A major factor exhibiting high loadings from guilt anxiety and ambivalent hostility was evinced, being more important in psychoneurotics. These results are discussed against the background of the alexithymia notion. Methodological considerations pertaining to diagnostic applications of the Gottschalk-Gleser content analysis are presented. PMID- 7288424 TI - Dominance in the marriages of affective patients. AB - Affectively ill patients, their spouses, and community persons were compared on issues of marital dominance, using the Conflict in Marriage Scale. Patients acknowledged, more often than their spouses, that the partner made final decisions in circumstances of disagreement on family matters. Women patients could be effectively discriminated from women spouses and from community women on this issue. Affectively ill women, in particular, saw themselves as yielding after disagreement to the decision of husbands who seldom changed an opinion; their male spouses seemed oblivious to these perceptions. PMID- 7288425 TI - Social class and depressive symptomatology. The role of life change events and locus of control. AB - This paper considers the hypothesis that the relationship between social class and impairment may be accounted for by the greater prevalence of life events among lower-class individuals. This hypothesis was evaluated on data from 713 rural Tennessee adults. The data indicated that, although social class indices were inversely related to psychiatric impairment as expected there was no significant tendency for lower-class individuals to report a greater number of life events. For total number of events, as well as total number report a greater number of life events. For total number of events, as well as total number of undesirable, unexpected, or unpreventable events, middle- and upper-class individuals tended to report more events. Controls for the event indices did not affect the relationship between social class and symptomatology as the stress hypothesis would predict. However, locus of control was positively related to social class and was found to influence the event-impairment relationship. These data raise questions regarding the etiological role of life events in the relationship between social class and psychiatric impairments. The data suggest that observed social class differences in impairment may arise from the coping styles of certain social classes (as measured by locus of control) rather than from the differential prevalence of life events. PMID- 7288427 TI - On the validity of the research diagnostic criteria, the Feighner criteria, and the DSM-III for diagnosing alcoholics. AB - A 10-item Trouble-Due-To-Drinking Scale, similar to the Feighner Criteria, the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), and the DSM-III Alcoholism Criteria, was tested for its ability to identify a population of clinic alcoholics (N = 2459) and a sample of nonclinic "designated" alcoholics (N = 169). The Trouble Scale identified only 27 per cent of the nonclinic cases with substantial sex, age, income, and educational biases. It identified 77 per cent of the clinic cases, with much less apparent bias. If the clinic cases are a representative sample of alcoholics at large, then the Trouble Scale, and by implication the Feighner Criteria, the RDC, and the DSM-II, represent progress in the development of valid (useful) alcoholism diagnostic criteria. If, however, the nonclinic cases are more representative of all alcoholics, then the poor performance of the Trouble Scale applied to these cases indicates that it and similar alcoholism criteria that are based on the trouble dimension, are fatally flawed by bias. In either case, much developmental work remains to be done at both the conceptual and operational levels before there is valid criteria for diagnosing alcoholism. PMID- 7288426 TI - Consultation-liaison outcome evaluation system, Part I. Teaching, applications. AB - Designed to assess clinical outcomes quantitatively, the Consultation-Liaison Outcome Evaluation System, Part I, includes methodologies to measure the frequency of and concordance with recommendations made by psychiatric consultants in three areas: recommendations for psychotropic medication, recommendations for diagnostic action, and representation of psychiatric diagnoses. Using these parameters, the performance of three psychiatric trainees was monitored for a 6 month period. The outcome obtained by the trainees were compared with normative rates achieved by a group of previous psychiatric consultants. The comparison provides a unique perspective on the trainees' progress with several teaching implications. First, it focuses clinical teaching on comprehensive and objective measures to trainee's performance, Second, it assists in curriculum design. Third, it emphasizes to trainees the necessity of altering one's clinical behavior based on results achieved. Finally, it suggest that clinical accountability can contribute to the teaching of clinical excellence. PMID- 7288428 TI - Coping with sudden blindness. AB - The case of a college student totally blinded in an accidental shooting who achieved a remarkably rapid and effective adjustment presented a rare opportunity to study the adaptive capacity of a previously well adjusted person to sudden disaster. Important factors included the patient's extroverted, optimistic personality, the support of a cohesive family, strongly united by shared beliefs and values, the hospital staff's unequivocal acknowledgment of the irreversibility of the injury, and immediate involvement of the rehabilitation counselor. The ability to find meaning and purpose in adversity, shared by successfully rehabilitated prisoners of war or war-injured soldiers and by survivors of concentration camps, appeared to be the most crucial factor of all in the readjustment process. PMID- 7288429 TI - Activation of striatal dopamine receptors induces pain inhibition in rats. AB - In the rat, elevating dopamine content in corpus striatum with electrical stimulation of substantia nigra or direct administration of apomorphine (50-200 micrograms) into the lateral cerebral ventricle or apomorphine (2-10 microgram) into the caudate-putamen complex decreased pain sensitivity (as shown by an increase in the latency to hind-paw lick in the hot plate test). Furthermore, the decreased pain sensitivity after the central administration of apomorphine was antagonized by pretreatment with haloperidol (a dopamine antagonist). On the other hand, lowering dopamine content in corpus striatum with electrolytic destruction of substantia nigra and 6-hydroxydopamine lesions to the substantia nigra, as well as direct injection of haloperidol into the lateral cerebral ventricle or caudate-putamen complex increased pain sensitivity. The data indicate that activation of striatal dopamine receptors in rat brain induces pain inhibition. PMID- 7288430 TI - Effect of castration and adrenalectomy on the ultrastructure of pinealocytes in the female garden dormouse (Eliomys quericnus L.) under different conditions of lighting and temperature during the normal period of hibernation. AB - The ultrastructure of the female garden dormouse pinealocyte has been studied during the period of hibernation in normal, castrated, castrated and adrenalectomized hibernant animals and non-hibernant ones living under a L-D = 10 14 photoperiodicity or continuous lighting. Continuous illumination on the one hand, and gonad and adrenalectomy on the other, have similar effects on the ultrastructure of pinealocytes. Especially a striking reduction of liposomes, an increased development of the Golgi apparatus and of cisterns formed by the rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed. The observations suggest that the liposomes are involved in a perhaps indoleaminergic antigonadotropic secretory process whereas the peculiar dilated cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum may be related with a pineal polypeptidergic gonadotropic secretory process. PMID- 7288432 TI - Pineal atrophy and other neuroendocrine and circumventricular features of the naked mole-rat, Heterocephalus glaber (Ruppell), a fossorial, equatorial rodent. AB - Quantitative aspects of the microanatomy of the pineal gland and other neuroendocrine and circumventricular structures were studied in a small, reproductively suppressed, female Naked Mole-rat from central Kenya, Africa. The atrophic pineal is the smallest in absolute size (0.002135 mm3) of any so far described in a species of rodent, and in size relative to body weight is second only to that of another tropical species. The subcommissural organ and posterior collicular recess are also relatively small and less well differentiated than those in most other examined rodent species. In contrast, the subfornical organ, OVLT and median eminence are large and well vascularized. It is concluded that the pineal in this species follows the previously described trend among rodents of relatively smaller size in species whose centers of distribution are in lower latitudes. Although the pineal is atrophic, the Naked Mole-rat still exhibits 24 hour and seasonally timed patterns of behavior and seasonal reproduction. However, in this species these events are probably cued by moisture, temperature and social factors rather than by photic information. PMID- 7288431 TI - The vasotocin-like biological activity present in the bovine pineal is due to a compound different from vasotocin. AB - The vasotocin-like biological activity detected in an extract (E5 fraction) of bovine pineal gland was found not to be due to the presence of vasotocin, vasopressin or oxytocin. The data obtained by means of bio- and radioimmunoassays suggest that the peptide responsible for this biological activity, however, possess the same Pro-Arg-Gly(NH2) tripeptidic carboxy-terminal end as vasotocin. PMID- 7288433 TI - Lack of an effect of melatonin on the basal and L-dopa stimulated growth hormone secretion in men. AB - The oral administration of melatonin to men has been reported to cause a rapid and significant elevation of serum GH, and to inhibit GH release after stimulation by L-Dopa. We studied the effect of melatonin i.v. on the basal and L Dopa stimulated GH secretion in four young men. Each subject's control response to L-Dopa was first studied by an oral administration to 500 mg of L-Dopa under a placebo infusion and was followed 2 weeks later by a similar study under melatonin infusion, 2.1 mg/min (total dose of 500 mg). The infusion of melatonin was given for a 4-hour period, 2 hours before and 2 hours after the L-Dopa stimulation. Blood samples for GH were obtained at 30-min intervals. Basal values of serum GH did not rise under the melatonin infusion and peak GH values following L-Dopa stimulation during the control infusion and the melatonin infusion also did not differ (2 +/- 0.5 to 22 +/- 6 and 2 +/- 0.8 to 25 +/- 4 ng/ml respectively). Our data suggest that under an acute constant infusion melatonin does not stimulate GH secretion, nor does it interfere with the L-Dopa stimulated GH response in men. PMID- 7288434 TI - Electrophysiological study of evoked electrical activity in the pineal gland. AB - Experiments were carried out in rats, unanesthetized, paralyzed and artificially respirated. The electrical activity from the pineal gland was recorded with bipolar electrodes. Field potentials were evoked in the pineal after peripheral (photic and sciatic nerve) and central (septal area, habenular complex and optic tract) stimulations. In general these potentials were biphasic with the exception of that evoked by the sciatic nerve and optic tract, which exhibited a complex response and a triphasic field potential, respectively. Bilateral sympathectomy did not modify the pineal evoked responses, but when the pineal stalk was sectioned all the responses were immediately suppressed after the lesion. On the basis of the above experimental data one could conclude that the bulk of the inputs to the pineal gland come through its stalk. At the present, the physiological significance of these findings is not clear. PMID- 7288435 TI - Monoamine oxidase-A and -B activities in the brain stem of schizophrenics and non schizophrenic psychotics. AB - In the pons of autopsy cases who had suffered from chronic schizophrenic or nonschizophrenic psychoses, an increased activity of monoamine oxidase -B but not -A was found, as compared with age-matched controls. Consequently, the ratio of the activities of MAO-B : MAO-A was elevated in the cases of psychosis. There was no significant difference in enzyme activities between schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic psychoses. Lobotomy appeared not to influence the monoamine oxidase activity. Increased ratios of the activities of MAO-B : MAO-A in various brain parts of chronic schizophrenics in comparison with age-matched controls was found in the previously published data of Eckert et al (1980) and Schwartz et al. (1974) but not Crow et al. (1979). The mechanism underlying the change in enzyme activities is unclear. There seems to exist an association between an increased monoamine oxidase-B activity and degenerative processes in the brain resulting in loss of neuronal activity. The change observed may be linked either to pathological processes associated with chronic psychosis or to long-term treatment with neuroleptic drugs. PMID- 7288436 TI - Acathisia-syndrome: involvement of noradrenergic mechanisms. AB - The involvement of noradrenergic mechanisms in patients suffering from acathisia was investigated by determination of urinary night-time 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenyl glycol (MHPG)-excretion and was compared both with control patients matched according to age and sex and healthy individuals. A significantly reduced MHPG excretion was found among the acathisia patients. It is suggested that a supersensitivity of the spinal noradrenergically innervated receptors caused by their long-term blocking is responsible for occurrence of the symptoms. PMID- 7288437 TI - Failure of naloxone to antagonize metoclopramide induced prolactin rise. AB - Seven subjects aged 21--54 years were investigated. Serum PRL and DBH were estimated before and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the administration of 20 mg clopropamide. The same parameters were estimated a second time when 0.4 mg naloxone was associated. PRL level increased and DBH decreased in all the patients in both investigations and no significant differences between the two occasions were detected. It is suggested that probably the two substances do not act on identical receptors. PMID- 7288438 TI - The role of consciousness in stress-induced analgesia. AB - Male rats received unavoidable footshock administered while either awake or under Halothane anaesthesia. Tail-flick threshold was measured subsequently in awake rats. An elevation in pain threshold indicative of stress-induced analgesia (SIA) appeared in rats shocked while awake, but not in those shocked while anaesthetized. The findings suggest that conscious processes are necessary for the occurrence of SIA. PMID- 7288440 TI - Changes in the circadian rhythmicity of N- and O-acetyltransferase activities in the pineal gland of 38 day old male wistar rats when examined under white, red and green light. AB - N-acetyltransferase activity was quantified in the pineal gland of 38 day-old male Wistar rats under different experimental conditions. Under daily white light/dark photoperiods (12 L : 12 D), N-acetyltransferase activity showed a peak of activity at midnight for the synthesis of both N-acetylserotonin and melatonin. Using red light instead of white light a shift of the enzyme activity involved in the production of both compounds towards the preceding light period was observed. Using green light instead of white light the enzyme activity shifted to later periods. Under white light/dark conditions pineal O acetyltransferase activity when quantified was maximal during the early hours of the night. With periodic red light this maximal activity was extended over a longer period including late hours of the preceding day and later hours of the night. Periodic illumination with green light caused a peak of activity at midnight and an increase of activity at then end of the dark period. A possible relationship between previous results obtained on the influence of pterins on HIOMT activity and the effects of light on reproduction is discussed. PMID- 7288439 TI - Is Ro 11-2465 (cyan-imipramine) an antagonist of postsynaptic serotonin receptors? AB - Ro 11-2465, a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake of the imipramine group, was examined for its central and peripheral antiserotonin activity. Ro 11-2465 (10 mg/kg) antagonized the stimulation of the hind limb flexor reflex in the spinal rat evoked by serotonin agonists of direct mode of action (LSD, quipazine, m-chlorophenylpiperazine). However, in doses up to 20 mg/kg it did not inhibit the clonidine-induced stimulation of the flexor reflex. It also reduced the number of the quipazine-induced head twitches in rats (ID50 = 20.1 mg/kg) and, in doses 0.3--10.0 mg/kg, dose-dependently attenuated the pressor response to serotonin in the pithed rat. Like doxepine, amitriptyline, clomipramine and imipramine, Ro 11-2465 reduced the serotonin-induced contractions of the rat stomach fundus strip (its IC50 = 5 x 10(-5) M). The obtained results indicate that like other tricyclic inhibitors of serotonin uptake, Ro 11-2465 may also weakly block the postsynaptic serotonin receptors. Additional studies with fluoxetine and Org 6582 indicate that anti-serotonin properties of tricyclic compounds are not related to the serotonin uptake blocking properties. PMID- 7288441 TI - Hydrogen peroxide and hematin in microsomal lipid peroxidation. AB - Lipids of rat liver microsomes underwent peroxidation with production of malondialdehyde in the presence of H2O2 and hematin. Rates of peroxidation of 27 33 nmol of MDA formed/mg of microsomal protein/30 min were measured with 5 mM H2O2 and 10 microM hematin at 22 degrees C. Histidine (0.01 M) caused a 55% inhibition. Hematin could be added to the reaction mixtures either simultaneously with H2O2 or afterwards, when all H2O2 had been destroyed by catalase present in the microsomal preparation. Catalase was necessary for formation of MDA. Indeed, when heat-denatured microsomes were employed, incubation with H2O2 and the iron complex led to formation of lipid hydroperoxides; however, no production of MDA was observed, unless exogenous catalase was added together with H2O2 and hematin to the reaction mixture. The role of H2O2 in microsomal lipid peroxidation is that of promoting the formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides. These are decomposed in the presence of hematin, with formation of free radicals, bicyclic endoperoxides and MDA. Catalase is necessary to remove H2O2, which, after starting the peroxidation process, blocks the decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides, apparently by binding to the iron complex. PMID- 7288442 TI - Some new decussine-type alkaloids from Strychnos decussata, Strychnos dale and Strychnos elaecocarpa. AB - From the stem bark of Strychnos decussata (Pappe) Gilg (Loganiaceae), four tertiary indole alkaloids have been isolated: bisnordihydrotoxiferine and three new alkaloids. The structures of two of the new alkaloids, 3,14-dihydrodecussine (III) and 10-hydroxy-3,14-dihydrodecussine (IV), have been ascribed on the basis of their spectral data. The muscle-relaxant activity of these new compounds is discussed. Further studies of the alkaloids present in the stem bark of Strychnos dale and Strychnos elaeocarpa revealed the presence of decussine (V) and dihydrodecussine in S. dale and decussine, dihydrodecussine, and bisnordihydrotoxiferine in S. elaeocarpa. PMID- 7288443 TI - Antitumor agents. 39. Bruceantinoside-A and -B, novel antileukemic quassinoid glucosides from Brucea antidysenterica. PMID- 7288444 TI - Marine animal biosynthetic constituents for cancer chemotherapy. AB - A fifteen year investigation of marine animal components as sources for new and potentially useful cancer chemotherapeutic drugs has led to our discovery of a number of such valuable substance. The especially productive Indian Ocean sea hare Dolabella auricularia has yielded (100 kg leads to or approximately 1 mg each) a series of very potent cell growth inhibitory substances designated dolastatins 1-9. The first member of this new series, dolastatin 1, may represent the most potent anticancer agent so far uncovered with, e.g., a curative response (33%) using a dose of 11 microgram/kg (T/C 240, to T/C 139 at 1.37 microgram/kg) in the National Cancer Institute's murine B16 melanoma. Structural elucidation of the new antineoplastic agents is underway, and recent progress is illustrated with peptide dolastatin 3 (P388 ED 50 2.7 x 10(-7) microgram/ml). PMID- 7288445 TI - Isoiguesterin, a new antileukemic bisnortriterpene from Salacia madagascariensis. PMID- 7288447 TI - C nociceptor activity in human nerve during painful and non painful skin stimulation. AB - Percutaneous recordings from more than one hundred single C fibres have been performed in the radial nerve of conscious human subjects. All these fibres belong to the poly-modal C nociceptor group, being excited by mechanical and thermal and also by chemical stimulation. Conduction velocities showed a monophasic distribution with a mean value of 0.86 m/s (SD: 0.17). The mechanical threshold, measured with von Frey hairs, varied between 2.3 and 13.1 g. The receptive field was circular or elliptical; for 33 units the mean axes were 6 mm and 7 mm. Mechanically evoked C fibre discharge even up to more than 10 spikes/s was not necessarily accompanied by pain sensation. Nettle sting evoked an irregular C fibre discharge (maximum 10 spikes/s) accompanied by a pricking and burning sensation; the sensation of itch which was sometimes reported, was not correlated with the discharge frequency. C fibre activation by a chemical irritant (paint remover) also evoked an irregular discharge (maximum 3 to 6 spikes/s), accompanied by pricking and burning pain sensation. The C threshold for radiant heat usually lay below the subject's pain threshold. Increasing skin temperature produced increasing neural firing rate. The mean spike frequency rarely exceeded two spikes/s even with stimuli evoking strong heat pain. The occurrence of subjective heat pain response could be as well predicted from th C fibre spike frequency as from the skin temperature. It is concluded that nociceptive C input provoked by thermal or chemical stimuli correlates well with pain sensation. However, similar C input provided by mechanical stimulation which activates also A beta mechanoreceptors, did not necessarily produce pain sensation. PMID- 7288446 TI - Congenital mirror movements. AB - In this report are described seven patients assessed clinically and neuropsychologically in whom mirror movements affecting predominantly the hands occurred as a congenital disorder. These mirror movements, representing a specific type of abnormal synkinesia, may arise as a hereditary condition, in the presence of a recognisable underlying neurological abnormality, and sporadically, and the seven patients provide more or less satisfactory examples of each of these three groups. Despite the apparent uniformity of the disorder, the heterogeneity and variability may be marked, examples in some of our patients including the pronounced increase in tone that developed with arm movement, and the capacity for modulation of the associated movement by alteration of neck position and bio-feedback. Various possible mechanisms are considered; these include impaired cerebral inhibition of unwanted movements, and functioning of abnormal motor pathways. Emphasis has been placed on the putative role of the direct, crossed corticomotoneurone pathways and on the unilateral and bilateral cerebral events that precede movement. PMID- 7288448 TI - Pattern-onset visual evoked potentials in suspected multiple sclerosis. AB - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were obtained by monocular stimulation using a checkerboard pattern-reversal and pattern-onset technique. In 11 normal subjects, pattern-onset VEPs were generally larger, better defined, and less ambiguous than those elicited by pattern-reversal, because of the biphasic waveform characteristically obtained with pattern-onset stimulation. In 68 of 105 patients with possible multiple sclerosis, VEPs were normal in latency by both methods, and in nine adequate comparison was not possible. The incidence of normal VEPs to pattern-reversal was similar to that found in several other studies of patients with possible multiple sclerosis. Among the remaining 28 patients in whom VEP abnormalities were found, an increased latency was detected in 75% with the pattern-reversal technique, and in 96% by pattern-onset. In these patients, VEP abnormalities were obtained by monocular stimulation of each of 46 eyes, and among these the pattern-reversal technique yielded abnormalities in 59% and the pattern-onset method in 98%. These results indicate that VEPs elicited by pattern onset are useful in investigating patients with suspected multiple sclerosis, and the diagnostic yield may be greater than with conventional pattern-reversal techniques. PMID- 7288449 TI - Predicting outcome in patients with intracranial aneurysms with the help of microsurgery. AB - A follow-up study of 265 patients treated by microsurgical techniques for ruptured intracranial aneurysms at the Department of Neurological Surgery of the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford from 1972 to 1977 showed that prediction of results in terms of mortality, and various measures of morbidity could be achieved by considering before operation several variables in combination. Age, systemic blood pressure on admission and before operation were the most important factors in determining outcome. Inclusion of a variable following operation-arterial spasm-was found to improve prediction somewhat. In addition, spasm was found to be the single most important factor in predicting both mortality and morbidity. PMID- 7288450 TI - Brachial plexus injury after median sternotomy. AB - Five patients are described with brachial plexus injuries complicating median sternotomy for cardiac surgery. The lower roots (medial cord) of the plexus were most affected and in some cases the lesions were bilateral. Pain was a prominent feature and although motor and sensory symptoms both occurred, motor signs were more prominent than objective sensory loss. Recovery was protracted and sometimes incomplete. Traction or compression of the plexus (or both) are the major possible mechanisms of injury; our experience and that of others suggests that traction is the more probable mechanism. PMID- 7288451 TI - A case of bilateral temporal lobe agenesis. AB - A 76-year-old man with bilateral temporal lobe agenesis producing clinical features resembling the Robinson syndrome is described. The malformation was discovered during a routine CT examination after the appearance of a homonymous visual field defect. The patient was examined by (neuro) psychological testing. The findings are compared with other reported cases and discussed with regard to cerebral localisation. PMID- 7288452 TI - Age, senile dementia and ventricular enlargement. AB - Necropsy measurements of cerebral ventricular volume and pericerebral space in senile dementia patients and age-matched controls indicate that ventricular enlargement is not an accurate diagnostic marker for cerebral atrophy. Furthermore, ventricles are of normal size for age in about 40% of all senile dementia patients including those with Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 7288453 TI - Delayed auditory brainstem responses in diabetes mellitus. AB - Diabetic patients have longer interpeak latencies in the brainstem auditory evoked responses than age-matched controls. The delay is not related to clinical hearing loss or blood glucose level at time of testing. Since waves I and II are normal in latency, the conduction velocity of the eighth nerve is not involved. The delay occurs between waves II and V, which would reflect altered transmission times in auditory brainstem and midbrain structures, and suggests the presence of a central neuropathy in patients with diabetes. PMID- 7288454 TI - Neurogenic muscular atrophy and low density of large myelinated fibres of sural nerve in chorea-acanthocytosis. AB - In three cases of chorea-acanthocytosis (acanthocytosis and neurological disease, or familial degeneration of the basal ganglia with acanthocytosis), biopsies of short peroneal muscles and sural nerves were studied histologically. The muscles showed groups of atrophic fibres with clumping of sarcolemmal nuclei in all cases. It was concluded that neurogenic muscular atrophy should be included as one of the main pathological findings in chorea-acanthocytosis. The sural nerves showed a small number of large myelinated fibres in two cases. This finding remains to be confirmed in other cases. PMID- 7288455 TI - Post-influenzal encephalitis and Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7288456 TI - Essential tremor: response to primidone. PMID- 7288457 TI - Hemiplegic migraine. PMID- 7288458 TI - Assessment of cerebral atrophy: discrepancy between pneumoencephalography and computed tomography. PMID- 7288459 TI - Some quantitative aspects of vibrissa-driven neuronal responses in rat neocortex. PMID- 7288460 TI - Effect of prenatal X-irradiation on sensitivity of cortical neurons responding to vibrissa stimulation. PMID- 7288461 TI - Spatial trajectories and reaction times of aimed movements: effects of practice, uncertainty, and change in target location. PMID- 7288462 TI - Somatotopical tuning of postcentral gyrus during focal attention in man. A regional cerebral blood flow study. PMID- 7288463 TI - Behavioral enhancement of visual responses in monkey cerebral cortex. I. Modulation in posterior parietal cortex related to selective visual attention. PMID- 7288464 TI - Behavioral enhancement of visual responses in monkey cerebral cortex. II. Modulation in frontal eye fields specifically related to saccades. PMID- 7288465 TI - Characteristics of primate spinothalamic tract neurons receiving viscerosomatic convergent inputs in T3-T5 segments. PMID- 7288466 TI - Passive electrical constants in three classes of hippocampal neurons. PMID- 7288467 TI - Membrane potential, synaptic activity, and excitability of hindlimb motoneurons during wakefulness and sleep. AB - 1. The membrane potential and excitability of hindlimb motoneurons was recorded in chronically implanted, restrained cats during natural sleep and wakefulness. 2. The potential of all motoneurons varied in a systematic and predictable manner during the sleep-wake cycle, suggesting that all motoneurons contributed to variations in muscle tension across the cycle. 3. Motoneuron excitability and level of polarization did not change at sleep onset. 4. During REM sleep, motoneurons had a sustained hyperpolarization, a diminished probability of antidromic and monosynaptic activation, and a reduced responsiveness to depolarizing current pulses. Motoneuron excitability is thus reduced in this phase of sleep. 5. Synaptic activity, but not necessarily synaptic noise, was higher during REM sleep. Hindlimb motoneuron hyperpolarization in REM sleep in concluded to arise from augmented asynchronous inhibitory synaptic activity distributed on the soma. PMID- 7288468 TI - Reorganization of somatosensory input to superior colliculus in neonatally enucleated hamsters: anatomical and electrophysiological experiments. PMID- 7288469 TI - Effects of ablation of flocculus and paraflocculus of eye movements in primate. PMID- 7288470 TI - Neurite outgrowth in molluscan organ and cell cultures: the role of conditioning factor(s). AB - Isolated neurons from adult central ganglia of the snail Helisoma were cultured in vitro in modified Liebowitz L-15 medium. Such neurons displayed electrical excitability comparable to that in acutely dissected ganglia. Isolated neurons remained spherical in defined medium throughout culture durations up to 2 weeks. This static morphology was contrasted by the significant neuritic outgrowth which occurred from neurons maintained in medium with co-cultured intact Helisoma brains or in brain conditioned medium. A morphological sequence of growth cone formation and neurite extension occurred only in the presence of a conditioning factor(s) with a mode of action which included tight binding of the conditioning factor to the substratum. Under these conditions, the two primary neuronal phenotypes, electrical excitability and complex neuronal architecture, could be affected independently in adult molluscan neurons cultured in vitro. PMID- 7288472 TI - Relation between cell size and response characteristics of vestibulospinal neurons to labyrinth and neck inputs. AB - (1) The activity of 136 Deiters' neurons projecting to lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord has been recorded in decerebrate, partially cerebellectomized cats, and their response characteristics to sinusoidal stimulation of labyrinth and neck receptors have been related to cell size inferred from the conduction velocity of the corresponding axons. (2) Vestibulospinal neurons with faster conduction velocity and, by inference, having thicker axons and larger cell bodies differed from those neurons having lower axonal conduction velocity by displaying (i) a relatively irregular interspike interval distribution; (ii) a lower resting discharge rate; (iii) a periodically modulated response to the labyrinth input elicited by sinusoidal tilt around the animal's longitudinal axis (0.026 Hz, 10 degrees) characterized by an increase in firing rate during side down roll tilt; (iv) an increase in gain (impulses per sec per degree) and phase lag relative to the displacement of the labyrinth response to increasing angular acceleration; (v) a greater gain in labyrinth than neck input, the latter elicited by sinusoidal neck rotation (0.026 Hz, 5 or 10 degrees); and (vi) due to the imbalance of the gains of the separate labyrinth and neck responses and their predictable vectorial summation, a response to both inputs elicited by head rotation resembling that obtained by labyrinth stimulation alone. (3) These findings are discussed in terms of the reciprocal distribution of synaptic contacts of vestibular and neck afferents on vestibulospinal neurons as a function of cell size. The evidence indicates that, in addition to intrinsic neuronal properties related to cell size, the quantitative and qualitative organization of synaptic inputs represents the critical factor controlling the responsiveness of vestibulospinal neurons. PMID- 7288473 TI - Quantitative histochemical effects of whisker damage on single identified cortical barrels in the adult mouse. PMID- 7288471 TI - Depolarization-induced synaptic plasticity at cholinergic synapses in tissue culture. AB - Many synaptic connections are rejected during development, and the remainder are stabilized. Whether neuronal activity is important in this remodeling remains unknown. Cholinergic synapses are formed in tissue culture between the hybrid NG108-15 (neuroblastoma X glioma) cell and skeletal myotubes. We have investigated changes in these synapses brought about by chronic depolarization. Most myotubes are innervated under control conditions and recording from a myotube while stimulating a neighboring hybrid cell demonstrates that most hybrid myotube pairs in anatomical proximity also are connected synaptically. Multiple innervation of one myotube by several hybrid cells is common. After 24 to 72 hr of cell depolarization with low concentrations of veratridine, myotubes continue to evidence synaptic activity, but the chance of evoking activity, in a given myotube by stimulation of a neighboring hybrid cell, is diminished to 30% of control values; only 5% of myotubes can be demonstrated to still have multiple innervation. However, the efficacy of synapses that persists after veratridine exposure is comparable to control. By 24 hr after removal of veratridine, synapse number returns to control levels. Tetrodotoxin prevents these effects. We suggest that components responsible for the well known development change from polyneuronal to mononeuronal innervation may be present and accessible to manipulation in this relatively well defined tissue culture system. PMID- 7288474 TI - Effects of serotonin on the generation of the motor program for swimming by the medicinal leech. PMID- 7288475 TI - Cellular interactions and pattern formation in the development of the visual system of Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Branchiopoda). II. Induced retardation of optic axon ingrowth results in a delay in laminar neuron differentiation. AB - Groups of embryonic photoreceptors in one side of the compound eye of Daphnia were irradiated with an ultraviolet microbeam at a stage when the cells were postmitotic but had yet to elaborate axons. Immediately after irradiation, the embryos were placed under fluorescent illumination. On the average, 16 of the irradiated photoreceptors were killed by the exposure. Previous observations suggest that an approximately equal number were rescued by the post-irradiation fluorescent illumination. The schedule of differentiation of the rescued photoreceptors was affected such that their axons arrived at the target region in the optic lamina from 2 to 10 hr after they would have normally. Serial section electron microscopic analysis showed that differentiation of laminar neurons contacted by the delayed axons also was delayed by a length of time corresponding to the delay in axon arrival. These and previous observations indicate that the differentiation of laminar neurons is triggered by contact with optic axons and can be initiated over a period of several hours after these cells become postmitotic. PMID- 7288476 TI - Stretch-induced contraction of intrafusal muscle in cat muscle spindle. AB - Measurements of tension, stiffness, and sarcomere length of intrafusal muscle during ramp stretch of isolated muscle spindles have revealed a stretch-induced contraction of the bag1 fiber. This behavior can account for the very high sensitivity of primary endings to stretch as well as the enhanced sensitivity evoked by dynamic fusimotor stimulation. PMID- 7288477 TI - The influence of gonadectomy, androgen exposure, or a gonadal graft in the neonatal rat on the volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. AB - Although the volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN POA) of the adult rat has been shown to be modified by the hormone environment early in postnatal life, the present study was performed to clarify several fundamental questions related to this process. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of exogenous testosterone propionate (TP), or a gonadal graft, to influence SDN-POA volume in rats which were gonadectomized as neonates. Orchidectomy on day 1 resulted in an approximately 50% decrease in adult SDN-POA volume; however, the influence of the testes on their resulting SDN-POA volume was replaced affectively by the administration of 100 micrograms or 1 mg of TP on postnatal day 2 or by a testicular (but not ovarian) graft on the day of castration. In the female, ovariectomy on postnatal day 1 failed to alter SDN-POA volume relative to that of sham-operated females. Exogenous TP, but neither testicular nor ovarian grafts, resulted in a larger SDN-POA volume when observed in the adult female. Thus, the development of the SDN-POA of the neonatal male is significantly influenced by the hormonal activity of the testes at this time period. While the SDN-POA of the neonatal female is potentially responsive to androgen, the role played by the ovaries in the development of the SDN-POA remains unclear. In addition, the different response of the developing male and female SDN-POA to a testicular graft suggests that the hormonal sensitivity of this nucleus may differ in the two sexes. PMID- 7288479 TI - The value of plain skull X-rays in the diagnosis of intracranial meningiomas. PMID- 7288478 TI - Action of a trophic factor(s) from rabbit corneal epithelial culture on dissociated trigeminal neurons. AB - Cultured corneal epithelial cells release a factor(s) that stimulates trigeminal neurons to form neurites in vitro. To characterize this trophic effect, conditioned media (serum free, supplemented) from cultures for corneal epithelium, stromal fibroblasts, and endothelium were studied further. Only epithelial conditioned medium (PCM) prolonged neuronal survival and induced neurite outgrowth. This trophic influence peaked after 2 to 3 days and gradually declined thereafter during a week when the medium was not renewed. Using a bioassay to score the percentage of initially viable neurons that extended neurites, it was found that the trophic effect of PCM was proportional to the conditioned medium concentration and to the cell density of the epithelial culture used for the conditioning. Maximum activity in PCM was correlated with confluency of the epithelial culture. Experiments using antiserum to nerve growth factor (NGF) and purified antibody to cold-insoluble globulin (CIG) indicated that the tropic effect of PCM was not derived from NGF or CIG. The trophic activity of PCM was abolished totally by heat or trypsin treatment but was not affected by collagenase. Although a fraction of the trophic activity was associated with the substratum after adsorption of PCM, this and other evidence did not suggest that the primary action of PCM was to enhance neuronal adhesion. PMID- 7288480 TI - Xenon as a contrast agent for computed tomography. Principles and current applications. PMID- 7288481 TI - Radiological examination of benign tumours of the cervical spine. A study based on six cases. PMID- 7288482 TI - Myelography with axial tomography and a new contrast medium: iopamidol (B 15,000). PMID- 7288483 TI - The significance of 1-131 scan dose in patients with thyroid cancer: determination of ablation: concise communication. AB - Twenty-four patients with differentiated thyroid cancer were studied with diagnostic I-131 neck chest scans after having undergone bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy and initial I-131 therapy with either 30- or 100-mCi doses. With an endogenous stimulation protocol, follow-up studies were performed with neck and chest scans using 2 and 10 mCi I-131. A 400% increase in sensitivity was found with a 10-mCi dose relative to a 2-mCi dose. Comparison with therapeutic doses of 30 and 100 mCi resulted in further increases in the detection of residual iodine avid tissue. We conclude that a 2-mCi or lower dose of I-131 is inadequate in evaluating residual iodine-avid tissue visually in patients with thyroid cancer. The study does not answer the critical question of whether it is necessary to treat a patient presenting a negative 2-mCi but a positive 10-mCi scan. It may be appropriate to define ablation visually as well as clinically, with further studies directed toward determining a treatment rationale in this patient population. PMID- 7288484 TI - Effect of complete biliary-tract obstruction on serial hepatobiliary imaging in an experimental model: concise communication. AB - In order to determine the effect of biliary obstruction on hepatocyte clearance and bile flow, five dogs were imaged before, and three times a week after, surgical ligation of the common bile duct. THe first postoperative study was performed 3 hr after surgery. Bile flow and duct function were evaluated from analog images; hepatocyte clearance (HC) was estimated in digital images from the ratio of liver to cardiac blood-pool counts at 3 min. Liver function tests were measured serially. 3 hr after surgery the HC index and liver function tests were still normal. Analog images showed no intestinal radioactivity, but accumulation was seen in the distending biliary tract. on the third postoperative day, all liver function tests were abnormal and the HC index was significantly decreased (p less than 0.01). The biliary tract was never seen beyond the first postoperative day. Thus, complete obstruction of the common bile duct does not stop bile flow or cause significant hepatocyte damage in the first few hours. By the third day of obstruction, however, no bile flow is detectible and significant hepatocyte damage has occurred. PMID- 7288485 TI - Detection of pulmonary hemorrhage with technetium-labeled red cells. PMID- 7288486 TI - Cationic Tc-99m complexes as potential myocardial imaging agents. AB - Nineteen cationic Tc-99m complexes, based upon four different ligand series, have been synthesized under "no carrier added" conditions and qualitatively evaluated as myocardial imaging agents in a dog model. Of these complexes, the four halogen derivatives of the diars series [diars = o-phenylenebis(dimethylarsine)] successfully concentrate in the myocardium. These Tc-99m diars complexes are shown by thin-layer chromatography to be identical to the Tc-99 analogs that have been fully characterized as trans octahedral complexes of Tc(III) by classical chemical techniques. Tissue distribution studies in rats show a definite difference in the biodistributions of [99mTc(diars)2Cl2]+ and [99mTc(diars)2Br2]+, despite the similar size, shape, charge, and lipophilicity of these two complexes. A tissue distribution study in resting beagle dogs shows that [99mTc(diars)2Br2]+ accumulates in the normal myocardium about half as well as TI-201 (0.022 compared with 0.038% dose/g). PMID- 7288487 TI - Rapid and mild syntheses of radioiodine-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. AB - Radioiodine-labeled pharmaceuticals have been used extensively in diagnostic nuclear medicine. We have developed a rapid and mild method for incorporating radioiodine into functionally substituted molecules. The new process involves the reaction of the radioiodide ion with organoboranes in the presence of gentle oxidizing reagents. The radioiodide is utilized nearly quantitatively in a matter of seconds. The radiochemical yields are excellent, and parallel those obtained when iodine monochloride is reacted with organoboranes. PMID- 7288489 TI - Re: IVC obstruction with hepatopetal shunting. PMID- 7288488 TI - Assessment of drugs by functional imaging of thallium-201 distribution in the dog. AB - The effect of drugs on thallium-201 biodistribution in the body has been studied in dogs using a new functional imaging method. The calculation is based upon the comparison of the activities of the two scintigraphic images obtained after two successive injections of thallium-201 separated by an interval of at least 10 min, during which some drug of interest can be administered. This imaging technique was applied in control dogs (n = 6) and in animals treated with dipyridamole (n = 7) or grisorixin (n = 7). As expected, these two vasoactive drugs increased mainly the myocardial uptake, whereas smaller variations were noted in the other organs studied: liver, kidney, lungs, and skeletal muscles. Thus this method should allow a rapid and reliable noninvasive assessment of cardiovascular drugs with thallium-201. PMID- 7288490 TI - Re: Diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis with the right-to-left hepatic lobe ratio: concise communication. PMID- 7288491 TI - Autonomously functioning thyroid nodule and medullary carcinoma. PMID- 7288492 TI - Radionuclide diagnosis of hematoma of an ovarian cyst in a neonate. PMID- 7288493 TI - Cost-effective use of stannous pyrophosphate. PMID- 7288494 TI - Plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase in copper-deficient rats. AB - Some groups of people with high risk of ischemic heart disease have low lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in plasma and vice versa. Because we hypothesized a relationship between inadequate copper nutriture and the risk of ischemic heart disease, we measured plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase in copper deficient male Sprague-Dawley rats. Deficiency was verified by the presence of anemia, hypercholesterolemia and low copper concentrations in kidney and skeletal muscle. Three experiments showed a significant decrease (22-32% reduction) in enzyme activity in deficiency. Copper may be required for the synthesis of the enzyme or as a constituent of the enzyme. PMID- 7288495 TI - Hepatic metabolites and amino acid levels during adaptation of rats to a high protein, carbohydrate-free diet. AB - Changes in hepatic levels of lactate, pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), alpha ketoglutarate, malate, oxaloacetate, ketone bodies, alanine, serine, glycine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, valine, urea, adenine nucleotides and inorganic phosphate were examined in rats consuming a high protein, carbohydrate-free diet for up to 40 days. While some components showed transient changes, others (pyruvate, malate, oxaloacetate, PEP, ketone bodies, alanine, glycine, glutamine, valine, urea, adenine nucleotides and inorganic phosphate) were permanently altered. The cytoplasmic and mitochondrial redox states were only transiently affected and by day 24 were not different from control values. In contrast, the cytoplasmic phosphorylation state was affected from day 1 on; this suggests a role for the latter in permanently reorienting metabolism toward gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis. PMID- 7288496 TI - Circadian variation of liver metabolites and amino acids in rats adapted to a high protein, carbohydrate-free diet. AB - Diurnal variation in hepatic levels of lactate, pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, oxaloacetate, ketone bodies, alanine, serine, glycine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, valine, urea, adenine nucleotides and inorganic phosphate were studied in rats adapted to a high protein, carbohydrate free diet for 24 days. Most circadian rhythms differed in relation to controls (10% protein diet); many merely had different amplitudes, some were inverted, and some exhibited drastically altered patterns. Cytoplasmic redox state exhibited nearly similar variations and phosphorylation state differed primarily in amplitude whereas mitochondrial redox state was highly depressed in the absorptive phase. The metabolic regulation implied by the results is discussed in relation to both circadian variations of plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations, and pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activities previously reported. PMID- 7288497 TI - Effect of a chronic acid load as sulfate or sulfur amino acids on bone metabolism in adult rats. AB - Diets containing an acid load as either sulfur amino acids (SAA) or inorganic sulfate were fed to 45Ca-labeled adult male rats for 10 months. Radioisotope excretion and bone composition data (femur, tibia, mandibles) were compared with those for rats fed a control (15% soy protein) diet. Rats fed the SAA supplement (1.28% cystine plus 0.19% methionine) exhibited a significant reduction in femoral weight and A:R ratio and a tendency toward lower specific gravity, dry weight, fat-free weight and calcium content. Femoral radioautographs indicated a reduction in metaphyseal bone density in six of eight animals. We have postulated that the osteopenia produced by feeding excess free SAA may be due to decreased bone formation caused by a reaction between homocysteine and the aldehyde groups of collagen, as in genetic homo-cystinuric osteoporosis. Sulfate feeding (1.42% of the diet) produced a significant increase in 45Ca excretion, indicative of enhanced bone resorption, lasting about 2 months. There was a tendency for bone mass measurements to be lower than controls after 10 months, but the differences were not significant. Two of eight sulfate-fed rats showed radiographic evidence of osteopenia. No evidence of osteopenia was seen in the controls or in rats previously fed a high protein diet containing the same concentration of SAA. PMID- 7288498 TI - Gastrointestinal absorption of lead (203Pb) in chicks: influence of lead, calcium, and age. AB - The present study was designed to investigate, in more detail, the mechanism of lead transport by the gastrointestinal tract and particularly the similarities or dissimilarities between lead and calcium in this process. The absorption of these metals was determined in 3-week-old white Leghorn cockerels, raised on a commercial diet or special diets, using an in vivo ligated loop procedure. The dose administered into the loop usually contained 0.5 microCi 203Pb (and/or 0.1 microCi 47Ca), 0.01 mM lead acetate (and/or 1 mM CaCl2) in 0.5 ml of 0.15 M NaCl, pH 6.5. It was shown that lead is rapidly taken up by the intestinal tissue, and only slowly transferred into the circulation whereas calcium, also accumulated rapidly by the tissue, is rapidly released from the tissue in the serosal direction. The absorption processes of these cations show similar responses to various experimental conditions (low calcium intake, age of the animal, pH of the dosing solution). However, increasing luminal stable lead concentration from 0.01 to 1 mM Pb, significantly reduced the percentage of radiolead absorbed, but did not inhibit the absorption of radiocalcium, Also, luminal Ca (0-25 mM) did not significantly affect the absorption of 203Pb. These data imply that, in spite of the similarities in the response of the lead and calcium absorptive processes to various treatments, there is no direct interaction between these cations in the intestine of the chick. PMID- 7288499 TI - Fasting and postprandial plasma free amino acids of infants and children consuming exclusively potato protein. AB - Fasting and postprandial plasma free amino acids were studied in nine children on the 9th day of consumption of a diet in which potato protein provided all nitrogen at a marginal level of protein intake (5.03-5.10% protein-calories). The analysis of the potato utilized indicated that 49% of total amino acids (TAA) were free amino acids (AA) and 40% essential amino acids (EAA). Fasting values of TAA and total essential amino acids (TEAA) and the ratios of EAA/TEAA were similar to those obtained previously with milk or casein diets. The low percentage of protein-calories in the diet and relatively poor nitrogen absorption of the potato were reflected in a low (0.236) fasting TEAA/TAA ratio. Met/TEAA and Trp/TEAA ratios were significantly (P less than 0.05) but not markedly lower 3 hours postprandially compared to fasting values, returning to the initial levels 4 hours postprandially. Thr/TEAA ratio was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) at 3 hours but not so at 4 hours. The results suggest that potato protein has an adequate ratio of TEAA/TAA and the balance among individual EAA concentrations should be able to meet the EAA requirements of growing infants and small children if fed and absorbed in sufficient amounts to meet total nitrogen needs. PMID- 7288500 TI - Effect of suboptimal zinc nutrition during gestation and lactation on rat molar tooth composition and dental caries. AB - The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between zinc content of teeth and susceptibility to dental caries. Pregnant albino rats were fed a purified diet containing 8, 15 or 30 ppm zinc throughout gestation and lactation. Food intake of all rats was restricted to that consumed by the lowest zinc group. At day 20 of lactation, pups were weaned to a high sucrose, caries promoting diet and orally innoculated with streptococcus mutans. Dams consuming the lowest zinc-containing diet exhibited a mild zinc deficiency as evidenced by reductions in gestational weight gain and zinc content of milk, serum and tibia when compared to other groups. All offspring survived. Pups originating from the lowest zinc group had significantly less zinc in molar enamel and dentin fractions compared to other groups at the end of a 30-day caries test period, but tibia zinc was essentially equal. This apparent pre-eruptive reduction in zinc content of enamel and dentin of offspring was associated with significantly greater dental caries score on the buccal surface. This suggests that moderate dietary zinc deficiency is sufficient to reduce the pre-eruptive zinc content of both enamel and dentin and to increase dental caries. PMID- 7288501 TI - Effects of ferrous chloride and iron dextran on lipid peroxidation in vivo in vitamin E and selenium adequate and deficient rats. AB - The effects of intraperitoneally injected ferrous chloride and iron-dextran on lipid peroxidation in vivo were assessed. Peroxidation was estimated by measuring ethane, a volatile autoxidation product of omega-3-unsaturated fatty acids. Rats supplemented with 0.1 ppm dietary selenium and rats supplemented with 0.1 ppm selenium and 200 IU vitamin E/kg diet were injected with ferrous chloride at 30 mg iron/kg, or with sodium chloride, or left uninjected. In both dietary groups ferrous chloride increased ethane production while sodium chloride did not, but the iron-caused ethane increase was 8 times greater in the low E group. Iron dextran injected at 500 mg iron/kg was fatal to rats fed a basal diet deficient in selenium and vitamin E or diet supplemented with 0.5 ppm selenium; supplemental vitamin E at 200 IU/kg diet prevented this mortality. Iron-dextran quadrupled ethane production in rats fed the basal diet and tripled ethane production in rats fed the selenium-supplement diet. Vitamin E supplementation prevented the iron-dextran-caused rise in ethane production. A histological examination of rats killed by iron-dextran showed severe generalized necrosis of the diaphragm and severe focal necrosis of thigh muscle. Vitamin E protected more effectively than selenium against iron-dextran-caused peroxidation as well as against acute iron-dextran-caused mortality. PMID- 7288502 TI - Incorporation of [14C]leucine into protein of perfused liver of rats fed diets containing casein or lactalbumin. AB - The livers of rats (190-210 g) fed casein (a phosphoprotein) or lactalbumin (non phosphoprotein) diets (200 g protein/kg diet) were perfused for 20, 40, or 60 minutes with 5 microCi of [14C]leucine. We determined the amount of radioactivity in the protein and non-protein (free amino acid) fractions of the liver and perfusate supernatant. The wet weight, total protein and protein: DNA ratio of the livers was also determined. The livers of the group fed casein were significantly lighter and contained less protein than the lactalbumin-fed group. However, more [14C]leucine was incorporated into protein of the liver plus perfusate supernatant of the casein-fed group than the lactalbumin group. We concluded that protein metabolism in the liver of rats appears to be increased when the rats were fed a diet containing phosphoprotein as the sole source of protein. PMID- 7288503 TI - Immediate and late effects of premature weaning of rats to diets containing starch or low levels of sucrose. AB - Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were weaned prematurely (post-natal day 17) to a starch based diet. Compared with normally-weaned rats, prematurely-weaned animals showed increases in the activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME), and a fall in serum cholesterol level within 1 day. These enzymatic changes occurred sooner and were more pronounced when the diet of prematurely-weaned rats supplied 20% of the energy from sucrose, but the initial fall in serum cholesterol levels was smaller than in animals weaned prematurely to the control diet. Sucrose also led to an early rise in the activity of hepatic triokinase, but did not influence ketohexokinase or fructose-1-phosphate aldolase. Sucrose consumption resulted in an increase in lipogenesis in vivo in the liver and carcass and in serum cholesterol concentration on postnatal day 30, but animals weaned to the control diet were comparable with normally-weaned rats at the time. Early weaning led to elevation in the activities of hepatic G6PD and ME in 122-day-old rats, even though the control diet was fed from the age of 30 days. This response was not altered by the type of carbohydrate fed during the initial weaning period. Sucrose consumption during the weaning period did not exert long-term effects on the activities of hepatic fructolytic enzymes or in serum cholesterol levels. PMID- 7288504 TI - Adenine, the precursor of nucleic acids in intestinal cells unable to synthesize purines de novo. AB - The capacity of rat intestinal epithelial cells for de novo purine synthesis and reutilization was studied in vitro with isolated cells and in vivo in functionally hepatectomized rats. De novo purine synthesis and purine reutilization were measured as the rate of incorporation of [14C]-glycine or [14C]-adenine, respectively, into the adenine and guanine pools of the intestinal cells. Isolated intestinal epithelial cells incubated with labeled purine or glycine incorporated only labeled adenine. Labeled glycine, guanine, hypoxanthine or xanthine were not incorporated into cellular adenine or guanine. Labeled glycine, given intravenously to functionally hepatectomized rats, was not incorporated into the adenine and guanine of intestinal villus or crypt cells. Labeled glycine was readily incorporated into hepatic adenine and guanine pools of a sham-operated rat. The failure of glycine to be incorporated into intestinal cells in vitro or in vivo demonstrated that these cells lack de novo purine synthesis. Since adenine was readily incorporated into the adenine pool of these cells, we believe that adenine, which is synthesized in the liver or supplied in the diet, was an important precursor for the nucleic acid synthesis in this study. PMID- 7288505 TI - Effects of fasting during pregnancy on maternal and fetal weight and body composition in well-nourished and undernourished rats. AB - The effect of a 2-day fast on fetal and maternal weight and composition was determined in ad libitum-fed and food-restricted pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Fasting between days 17 and 19 of gestation resulted in a greater loss of net maternal body weight in ad libitum-fed pregnant than in nonpregnant rats, and also a greater loss of body fat. In contrast, food-restricted pregnant rats, also fasted from day 17 to day 19 of gestation, maintained their net body weight and body fat during the fast as did nonpregnant rats fasted for the same length of time. Fetal weight was not significantly reduced by fasting in the ad libitum-fed rats but was reduced by 25% in the previously food-restricted rats. The results demonstrate that prior maternal nutritional status strongly influences the effects of fasting on the fetus and that maternal nutrient stores are not mobilized for fetal utilization even when fetal growth is markedly impaired. PMID- 7288506 TI - Cholesterol response in inbred strains of rats, Rattus norvegicus. AB - A hypercholesterolemic diet fed to rats revealed significant interstrain differences in plasma cholesterol levels. Hyperresponding and hyporesponding strains could be distinguished from normoresponding strains within 3 weeks. The increase in plasma cholesterol level was more than 300 mg/100 ml in the hyperresponding strains BN/Cpb, SD/Cpb and WE/Z and less than 50 mg/100 ml in the hyporesponding strains S3/Cpb and SHR/Cpb. These differences were primarily genetically determined: the calculated coefficient of genetic determination (g2) of the response was 0.84. The response is not correlated with variation in plasma esterase or alkaline phosphatase isozyme patterns. PMID- 7288507 TI - Effect of lactation and calcium deficiency, and of fluoride intake, on bone turnover in rats: isotopic measurements of bone resorption and formation. AB - The rates of bone formation and resorption were investigated, using isotopic measurements, in calcium-deficient lactating rats and compared to those of calcium-sufficient non-lactating animals. Bone formation was measured by 3H proline uptake and 3H-hydroxyproline formation, and resorption was measured by the loss of previously incorporated 3H-tetracycline, in whole humerus. The effect of 50 ppm fluoride in the drinking water on both parameters was also examined. The stress of lactation and calcium deficiency significantly increased the rates of bone resorption and formation, but the increase in resorption was greater than in formation which resulted in a net decrease in bone mineral and matrix. Fluoride had no effect on various parameters measured. PMID- 7288508 TI - Decreased plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in copper deficient rats. AB - The effect of dietary copper deficiency on rat plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was examined. Three groups of rats were used: ad libitum-fed copper-deficient group (0.6 microgram Cu/g diet); pair-fed control group (5.9 microgram Cu/g diet); and an ad libitum-fed control group (5.9 microgram Cu/g diet). Copper deficiency produced a significant hypercholesterolemia (57% increase, P less than 0.001) in 63 days with a significant increase in plasma free cholesterol (44%, P less than 0.001). Despite the significant increase in plasma free cholesterol, fractional and molar LCAT activity were markedly decreased (74.2%, P less than 0.001 and 63.7%, P less than 0.005, respectively) in copper-deficient rats. The results of this study suggest that dietary copper deficiency affects LCAT activity. PMID- 7288509 TI - Separative determination of ascorbic acid and erythorbic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to the determination of ascorbic acid (AsA) and erythorbic acid (ErA). The apparatus was a Shimadzu model LC-2P Liquid Chromatograph equipped with a UV detector set at 254 nm. The separation was achieved on a LiChrosorb-NH2 column which was pre-treated with 0.1 M ammonium monophosphate solution using a mixture of acetonitrile, acetic acid and water (87:2:11, v/v) as an eluant. The HPLC method has the following advantages: AsA and ErA are quantitated after being distinctly separated, analysis time per one sample is short, and AsA or ErA levels as low as 1.0 X 10( 2) microgram are detectable. Recovery experiments with dehydro-AsA and dehydro ErA, involving reduction with H2S, give satisfactory results. PMID- 7288510 TI - Protective effect of riboflavin on suppression of growth caused by oxidized oil. AB - When oxidized corn oil (100 nmol in terms of malondialdehyde/day/rat) was administered to a riboflavin-deficient rat, the body weight gain was markedly suppressed. However, when 20 microgram of riboflavin/day/rat was administered with the oxidized corn oil, reasonable growth and normal flavin levels in the liver, kidney and heart could be attained, though they were somewhat less than those of the animals fed on the normal diet containing non-oxidized corn oil. It was noted that the elevation of lipid peroxide level in blood plasma of animals administered with the oxidized oil was effectively prevented by riboflavin. These results indicate the protective effect of riboflavin on suppression of growth caused by the oxidized oil. PMID- 7288512 TI - Separative determination of ascorbic acid and erythorbic acid in animal tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method for the separation and determination of ascorbic acid (AsA) and erythorbic acid (ErA) in animal tissues is described. It employs high-performance liquid chromatography on a LiChrosorb-NH2 column in conjunction with a mixture of acetonitrile, acetic acid and water as an eluant. Application of the method, which is sensitive, rapid and simple, to the analyses of AsA and ErA in animal tissues such as liver, adrenals, spleen, kidneys and heart gave satisfactory results. Dehydro-AsA and dehydro-ErA in rat liver could be determined after reduction with H2S. The method was shown to be useful for the routine analyses. PMID- 7288511 TI - Effect of nicotinic acid on cerebroside synthesis in rat brain. AB - The effect of nicotinic acid on the synthesis of cerebrosides in the brain was studied during brain development. The concentration of cerebrosides in the brain was significantly lower in nicotinic acid-deficient animals than in those receiving a nicotinic acid-supplemented diet. The total lipid concentration in the brain of nicotinic acid-deficient rats was slightly lower than that of rats fed on the nicotinic acid-supplemented diet. Therefore, the ratio of cerebrosides to total lipids of nicotinic acid-deficient rats was markedly lower than that of nicotinic acid-supplemented rats. However, this low cerebroside level in nicotinic acid-deficient rats was restored by the administration of the nicotinic acid-supplemented diet. Synthesis of cerebrosides was followed in the brain of developing rats after intracerebral injection of L-[U]14C]serine. The total amount of radioactivity incorporated into the cerebroside fraction of nicotinic acid-deficient rat was smaller than that of nicotinic acid supplemented rats. These observations suggest that nicotinic acid affects cerebroside synthesis in the brain of rats. PMID- 7288513 TI - Distribution of vitamin B6 deficiency in university students. AB - The basal specific activities (S.A.; mumol of pyruvate/hr/10(8) erythrocytes) and the % deficiencies of activity of the glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase of the erythrocytes (EGOT) of 174 university students was 0.28 +/- 0.05 and 33 +/- 9%, respectively. There was a negative correlation, r = -0.65 (p less than 0.001), between the mean basal S.A. and the mean % def. (i.e., the lower the S.A., the higher the % def.). There were students with low basal S.A.'s who showed symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. On the basis of these data, 93% of 174 students had deficiencies of 20% and higher which was potentially correctable by oral pyridoxine; these students had B6-deficient diets. On the basis that a normal basal S.A. may be 0.7, and that the maximum S. A. (0.45) for all 174 students is about 65% of 0.7, all 174 students had varying vitamin B6 deficiency, and their diets provided inadequate amounts of this vitamin. PMID- 7288515 TI - A new aspect on the mechanism of intestinal cholesterol absorption in rat. AB - In order to study the mechanism of intestinal cholesterol absorption, the relationship between the amount of cholesterol administered and the rate of absorption was investigated by the dual isotope plasma ratio method in vivo and the ligated-loop method in situ. The energy requirement of cholesterol absorption was also observed by means of the ligated-loop method. The results obtained are summarized below. 1) Tri-phase absorption was observed by the dual isotope plasma ratio method. When less than 300 microgram of cholesterol was administered, absorption increased linearly, with the coefficient of absorption being more than 80%. When the amount administered was between 300 and 500 microgram, the absorption was constant. With the administration of more than 500 microgram, absorption increased linearly, but the coefficient of absorption decreased to approximately 55%. 2) With the ligated-loop method, a second saturation profile was obtained when between 250 and 400 microgram of cholesterol was administered to a segment. When 50 to 250 microgram of cholesterol were administered, absorption increased in proportion to the increase in cholesterol dosage. 3) The mucosal uptake of cholesterol decreased to 40-60% of the control with the addition of metabolic inhibitors such as NaN3, KCN, 2,4-DNP and ouabain, whereas the uptake of palmitate showed no significant decrease. In addition, the uptake of cholesterol decreased remarkably to 25% of the control with the lowering of body temperature from 37 degrees C to 27 C. These results suggest the existence of an active transport system which has a limited capacity for cholesterol absorption and which requires energy for its operation in the physiological state. PMID- 7288514 TI - Changes of alpha-tocopherol levels in red blood cells and plasma with respect to hemolysis induced by dialuric acid in vitamin E-deficient rats. AB - The plasma and red blood cell (RBC) levels of alpha-tocopherol in rats were determined in association with hemolysis induced by dialuric acid for a 7-week period of tocopherol deprivation following a 2-week period on tocopherol containing diet. The patterns of decreases in plasma and RBC levels during the 7 week period were similar, differing in one respect. The RBC levels were characterized by a prompt decrease to non-detectable levels in the 4th week, while at that time a plasma level of 100 microgram/dl, albeit low, was maintained during the subsequent two weeks. Consequently, tocopherol ratios of RBC to plasma lowered throughout the experimental course. As for the relationship between these levels and hemolysis values, non-hemolysis was recorded in animals whose minimum RBC and plasma levels were 40 microgram/dl packed cell and 180 microgram/dl, respectively. This experiment showed that the plasma tocopherol level which has traditionally been accepted as the only index of hemolysis values does not always reflect them, and that in animals with hemolysis, only RBC tocopherol levels were found to reflect hemolysis values. PMID- 7288517 TI - Spatiotemporal characteristics of thresholds adjacent to a luminance edge. AB - Spatiotemporal incremental and decremental thresholds were measured for a thin vertical line (target) positioned adjacent to a briefly presented vertical edge. A significant difference between the stimuli used here and those used in previous studies is the background level against which the edge was presented. Here the edge was formed by briefly decreasing the luminance of the left side of a light background. This novel condition was compared with the more usual condition in which the edge is formed by briefly increasing the luminance of the right half of a dark background. In a further test the buildup of threshold after an edge was switched on was also measured. When the target was presented on the side of the edge that remained fixed in luminance, a small but reliable threshold change adjacent to the edge was measured. The effect was much larger for measurements made on the side of the edge that changed in luminance; however, the spread was comparable for the two conditions. For the target presented on the light side of the edge, decremental thresholds were much larger than incremental thresholds. This is attributed, at least in part, to the different types of tasks required of the observer. Maximum temporal threshold elevation occurs at or just before (i.e., less than 16 msec) 0 asynchrony between edge and target. The results are interpreted at a qualitative level as supporting a receptive-field type of model in which the edge, at various spatiotemporal locations relative to the target, inhibits or excites activity at the receptive field centered on the target. PMID- 7288516 TI - Antihypercholesterolemic activity of beta-sitostanol in rabbits. AB - The antihypercholesterolemic activity of beta-sitosterol and beta-sitostanol was compared in male rabbits given a cholesterol-supplemented diet. beta-Sitosterol and beta-sitostanol were fed to these rabbits at the 0.5% level with cholesterol (0.5% and 0.2% in experiments I and II, respectively). The serum cholesterol level tended to be lower in rabbits fed beta-sitostanol than in the animals fed beta-sitosterol even in experiment I. The beta-sitostanol exhibited a significantly greater hypocholesterolemic activity in experiment II, LDL cholesterol being decreased markedly. The liver cholesterol decreased in both groups of rabbits to a similar extent. beta-Sitostanol prevented more effectively the formation of dietary cholesterol-induced atheroma in the abdominal aorta than beta-sitosterol. It is most likely, together with the data reported previously on rats, that the hypocholesterolemic activity of beta-sitostanol results from the significantly greater inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of cholesterol than that of beta-sitosterol. PMID- 7288518 TI - [Application of holographic interferometry to the study of hearing--vibration analysis of the stapes footplate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288519 TI - [Experimental study of the pumping function of the eustachian tube (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288520 TI - [Studies on apricot pollinosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288521 TI - [Hearing and vestibular function in the patients treated with hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288523 TI - [A study on concentration of odorous substance in intravenous olfaction test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288522 TI - [An objective olfactory acuity test by the application of the respiratory function test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288524 TI - [The image of CT-scan and artifact on the unilateral paranasal sinusitis--with a preliminary report of phantom study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288525 TI - [Management of melanoma in the nose and paranasal cavity]. PMID- 7288526 TI - Pulmonary mast cells in cattle and ilamas at high altitude. AB - The density of mast cells in various anatomical locations within the lung were measured in a peruvian Andean llama, a Peruvian Andean cow and a sea-level-cow. These densities were determined separately around pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, pulmonary arterioles and venules, in the alveolar septa, and around bronchi. The total mast cell density did not differ significantly between the three animals and there were more periarteriolar and perivenular mast cells in the llama than in either of the two cows. These data do not support the hypothesis that the perivascular mast cell is responsible for initiating the vasopressor response to hypoxia. In fact it can be argued that they actually inhibit this response since a high mast cell density was found in the llama, and animal which does not develop pulmonary hypertension at high altitude. PMID- 7288527 TI - A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of glomerular damage in the rat following heterologous serum albumin overload. AB - Female Wistar strain rats injected intraperitoneally with 1 g of BSA per day for 5 days, a total of 5 g of BSA, developed heavy proteinuria. Characteristic morphological abnormalities were seen by both TEM and SEM in the large majority of glomeruli from these animals and were similar overall, but not identical to, those seen in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis. The heterologous protein overload model seems to present considerable opportunity for study of the basic mechanisms of glomerular visceral epithelial cell handling of protein. PMID- 7288528 TI - The fate of plasma protein which escapes from blood vessels of the choroid plexus of the rat--an electron microscope study. AB - Fenestrated blood vessels in the rat choroid plexus are permeable to dye-labelled proteins, HRP and ferritin. Most leakage appears to be via fenestrae but some additional escape of marker appears to take place through transient and reversible openings in the junctions between endothelial cells. After they have escaped into the choroidal stroma markers are prevented from entering the CSF by tight junctions between the epithelial cells which cover the choroid plexus, but how they are removed from the extravascular space is not known. Electron microscope study of rats who have been given multiple intravenous injections of ferritin shows that extravascular ferritin is take up both by connective tissue cells in the choroidal stroma and by choroidal epithelial cells. The findings suggest that the ingested protein is subsequently broken down within lysosomal vacuoles in the cytoplasm of these cells. Such intracellular digestion may be the major means of controlling the protein content of the extravascular spaces of the choroid plexus. PMID- 7288529 TI - Psychological perspectives in chronic childhood illness. PMID- 7288530 TI - Program considerations in comprehensive care of chronically ill children. PMID- 7288531 TI - Social and psychological considerations in chronic disease: with particular reference to the management of seizure disorders. PMID- 7288532 TI - Effective parental coping following the death of a child from cancer. PMID- 7288534 TI - Teaching parents to teach their children: applications in the pediatric setting. PMID- 7288533 TI - Adolescent males with Noonan's syndrome: behavioral and erotosexual status. PMID- 7288535 TI - Reduction of medical fears by use of modeling: a preventive application in a general population of children. PMID- 7288536 TI - Parental compliance with car seat usage: a positive approach with long-term follow-up. PMID- 7288537 TI - Teaching parents to modify child behavior problems: an examination of some follow up data. PMID- 7288539 TI - Renal blood flow in high and low positions of aortal catheter in rabbits. AB - The effect of aortal catheterization on renal blood flow (RBF) was evaluated in seven rabbits weighing 2500 to 3500 g. RBF was measured 21 times from 13 kidneys during aortal catheterization with an isotope (133 Xe) technique. The catheter was positioned in the aorta of each rabbit both above and below the origins of the renal arteries. The results of these two measurements were compared. Two phases of RBF, a fast first phase and a slow second phase, were determined. The fast phase of RBF was 5.3 ml/g/min, when it was in the high position. The results of the slow phase were identical, 0.16 ml/g/min, in both positions. No significant statistical difference could be found according to the phase of the catheter (paired t-test). These results in rabbits suggest that the aortal catheter does not cause any immediate decrease in RBF. This finding has clinical importance in aortal catheterization in neonates to obtain arterial blood samples. When considering the position of the aortal catheter in neonates factors other than RBF should be taken into account. PMID- 7288538 TI - Characteristics of the trophoblast in placental resorption villi after antepartum glucose infusions: possibilities for the therapy of chronic placental insufficiency. PMID- 7288540 TI - Incidence of congenital abnormalities in infants of gestational diabetic mothers. PMID- 7288541 TI - The concentration of the elements Zn, Cu, Mg, Fe, Na, K in human amniotic fluid during birth. AB - In order to determine the influence of the course of pregnancy and exogenous factors on the quantitative distribution of the cations sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, copper and iron in amniotic fluid, these cations were assayed in the amniotic fluid of 197 pregnant women with atom absorption spectrophotometry. There were 124 normal pregnancies, 34 with toxemia, 23 with green amniotic fluid and 15 smokers. The results of sodium, potassium, and magnesium concentrations correspond well with values found by other authors. In contrast, normal mean values for zinc, copper, and iron are different from those published to date. The course of pregnancy and exogenous factors do not influence sodium concentration in the amniotic fluid. Smokers when compared with normal controls showed a significantly increased potassium in green amniotic fluid. Magnesium concentration in green amniotic fluid is also significantly increased. Similarly, values for zinc, copper and iron in pathologic amniotic fluid was significantly above normal means. This corresponds to the significantly decreased in copper and zinc values in blood and serum of newborns and infants in various disease states. The essential elements zinc, copper and magnesium are important both for the course of pregnancy as well as for the development of fetus and newborn. APGAR and others have indicated the importance of the replacement of bioelements, especially zinc, during pregnancy. We also may conclude that during pregnancy essential cations should be determined in serum or better yet in avoid the pathophysiologic consequences of severe cation disturbances in mother and infant by appropriate replacement therapy. PMID- 7288542 TI - Interval index: a measure of fetal heart rate accelerations. AB - Interval index (II) is a product of statistical analysis of fetal heart intervals measured from fetal electrocardiography and it describes the long term variability. II and three visual parameters of fetal heart rate (FHR) accelerations: the number of accelerations, the heights of maximal acceleration and the sum of accelerations in 40 five-minute samples of abdominal fetal electrography were compared to find out whether II could be used as an automated objective measure of FHR accelerations (r = 0.85), but the correlation was highly significant also with the maximal acceleration and the number of ac-FHR had a poor correlation with accelerations. PMID- 7288543 TI - The effects of oxytocin on fetal rate variability during labor. AB - THe effect of oxytocin infusion on fetal heart rate (FHR) variability was studied during 22 normal labors. FHR variability was measured by a microprocessor-based on-line system, which used direct fetal electrocardiogram as a triggering signal for interval analysis. Interval index describing the long term component of FHR variability did not change significantly during the experiment. The differential index describing the short term variability had an almost significant decreasing trend when the dose of oxytocin exceeded six mU/min. PMID- 7288545 TI - Validity of the Missouri Children's Picture Series as a predictor of childhood sleep disturbances. AB - In view of recent findings in a retrospective study by two of the authors, the present research was designed to systematically assess the validity of the Missouri Children's Picture Series sleep disturbances scale. Study I compared groups of restless sleepers and nocturnal enuretics with matched cohorts attending a summer residential program for children with communication-related disorders. Study II examined the relation of two MCPS scales to parent reports of corresponding problems, using a multitrait-multimethod matrix, individual correlations, and cluster analysis. Neither study provided convincing evidence for the validity of the sleep disturbance scale. PMID- 7288544 TI - Body image concerns of psoriasis patients as reflected in human figure drawings. AB - Human figure drawings of patients with severe (n = 85) and mild (n = 38) psoriasis were compared on dimensions of nudity, sexual overemphasis, and omissions of exposed body parts. For female patients significant differences were found for percentages of undressed figures and omissions. For male patients only omissions were significant. When compared to 30 patients with other mild dermatologic conditions, mildly affected psoriatic males drew significantly fewer omissions. Discussion of results focussed on body image concerns of dermatology patients as related to issues of nudity, sexuality, and exhibition of exposed body parts. PMID- 7288547 TI - Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Environmental Pollutants and Toxicology, Kobe. Abstracts. PMID- 7288546 TI - [Dopamine, agonists and antagonists (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288548 TI - Peripheral and central effects of atropine and chlorpromazine on gastric motility and ulceration in stressed rats. AB - In rats exposed to restraint and water immersion stress, inhibitory effects of atropine (ATR) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) on stress-induced gastric ulceration and motility were studied to clarify which of central and peripheral origins was responsible for these effects. The drug dose ratio of peripheral (intravenous, i.v.) route versus central (intracerebroventricular, i.c.v.) route required to produce an approx. 50% inhibition of gastric ulceration or motility was estimated. Gastric ulceration was prevented by pretreatment with each drug via either route, and there was no great difference in the dose ratio of each drug (i.v.:i.c.v. = 4:1) for the inhibition. The stress-enhanced gastric motility was immediately depressed by each drug via either route. This inhibitory effect of CPZ was short-lasting as compared with that of ATR, and the complete blockade was observed after administration of i.v. ATR or i.c.v. CPZ at higher doses. The ATR dose ratio for this inhibition was less than 10, while the CPZ dose ratio was from 10 to 25. The treatment with CPZ, but not with ATR, caused a definite change in EEG patterns, along with a decrease in body temperature or heart rate. The effect of pretreatment with ATR or CPZ on gastric motility during stress was also investigated. Only the administration of ATR, via either route, appreciably inhibited the gastric motility. Thus, it was suggested that: (1) the inhibitory effect of ATR on gastric motility may be of peripheral rather than central origin, while that of CPZ predominantly of central origin; (2) the anti ulcerogenic effect of ATR and CPZ may be predominantly of peripheral origin, and the mechanisms involved in ATR may be associated with inhibition of gastric motility, which is different from those in CPZ. PMID- 7288550 TI - Distribution of creatinine following intravenous and oral administration to rats. AB - To evaluate the distribution of creatinine in rats, urinary, fecal and expiratory excretion, plasma levels and whole-body autoradiography following intravenous or oral administration of [carbonyl-14C]creatinine was investigated. More than 90% of the exogeneous creatinine was excreted in the urine in 24 hr following intravenous administration, and both fecal and expiratory excretion were only about 1%. In case of oral administration, however, it was found that expiratory excretion could not be neglected, ranging from about 1 to 30%. Plasma creatinine concentration-time curves following the intravenous administration (70.4 micrograms/kg or 400 mg/kg as creatinine) were analyzed according to a two compartment open model. There were significant but very small differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters for these two doses. When these parameters were compared with those of urea, k12 and k21, which are transfer rate constants between compartment 1 and 2, for creatinine were significantly smaller than those of urea. On the other hand, k10 was larger in creatinine. Furthermore, (V'd)extrap for creatinine was about three times that of urea. Whole-body autoradiograms at 5 minutes following intravenous administration showed that exogeneous creatinine distributes with higher concentrations in liver, lung and kidney than in muscle and fat. This results was remarkably different from that of urea which distributes almost uniformly throughout the body at the same time. This difference observed in the autoradiograms would be the consequence of the fact that urea has larger k12 and k21 than creatinine. PMID- 7288549 TI - Effects of hypoxia and metabolic inhibitors on the electrical and mechanical activities of isolated guinea pig papillary muscles. AB - Electrical and mechanical activities of the isolated guinea pig papillary muscle were measured simultaneously, and the effects of various degrees of hypoxia and metabolic inhibitors were examined. Hypoxia selectively diminished the action potential duration (APD) dependently upon the degree of hypoxia with little affecting the other parameters of the action potential. Hypoxia concomitantly depressed the contractile force (CF), but the decrease in CF always preceded the decrease in APD; thus, the complete excitation-contraction uncoupling was sometimes observed. Metabolic inhibitors (dinitrophenol, DNP and monoiodoacetic acid, IAA) produced qualitatively the same changes in the electrical and mechanical activities. However, DNP mimicked hypoxia better than IAA which produced rather parallel decreases in CF and APD. The slow response action potential (elicited after inactivation of the excitatory fast Na system of the membrane) was completely blocked by hypoxia and metabolic inhibitors, which was partially restored by isoproterenol, histamine and tetraethylammonium. When isoproterenol was present in the bathing solution, the decreases in CF and APD produced by hypoxia were accelerated, but ATP and propranolol did not significantly modify the hypoxically induced changes. PMID- 7288551 TI - Excretion of indomethacin into saliva following intravenous administration to dogs. AB - Parotid saliva (Pr) and mandibular-sublingual saliva (MS) were collected separately by means of permanent fistulae in order to investigate the excretion of indomethacin in saliva of dogs receiving a single intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg. Drops of citric acid solution were placed on the tongue to stimulate salivary secretion. The concentrations of indomethacin both in saliva and plasma declined biexponentially with time. There was a good linear relationship between the drug concentration in each saliva and plasma. The Pr and MS levels were 7.4% and 4.4% of the plasma levels, respectively. Indomethacin concentrations in Pr were significantly higher than in MS (p less than 0.05). The roles of salivary pH and salivary protein binding were discussed in respect to the mechanism of salivary excretion of the drug. PMID- 7288552 TI - Effects of phenylbutazone and mefenamic acid on two classes of binding sites of 2 (4'-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid on bovine serum albumin characterized by absorption spectra and circular dichroism spectra. AB - The competitive binding of phenylbutazone (PB) and mefenamic acid (MF) with 2-(4' hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (HABA) on bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by the investigation of the effects of these drugs on two bound forms of HABA, the azo and hydrazone forms. PB displaced preferentially the hydrazone form. MF displaced both the azo and hydrazone forms, though the azo form was preferentially displaced at the small molar ratio of MF to BSA. The binding constants of PB and MF obtained from the convenient spectrophotometry were dependent on the concentration of added drugs. These facts reflect the selective displacement of the azo and hydrazone forms. In connection with the absorption spectra of bound HABA, induced circular dichroism (CD) spectra of HABA-BSA complex were investigated. The induced CD spectra varied with the change of the molar ratio of HABA to BSA, indicating the presence of at least three different perturbed HABA molecules by BSA. The addition of PB and MF caused dramatic changes of the induced CD spectra of HABA-BSA complex. These spectral changes were discussed with the displacement of the azo and hydrazone forms. PMID- 7288553 TI - Acute toxicity and pharmacokinetics of dibekacin mice. AB - The LD50 values of dibekacin to mice were determined following three different methods of administration, namely, intravenous constant infusion, intravenous bolus injection, and intramuscular injection. The serum levels of dibekacin were pharmacokinetically analyzed. The differences in LD50 values between the methods of administration were discussed from the viewpoints of pharmacokinetics. 1) The LD50 value following the intravenous constant infusion was higher than that following the intravenous bolus injection and approached the level of that following the intramuscular injection, when the infusion rate of the drug was decreased by increasing the infusion period. 2) The biological half-life of dibekacin in mice was 24--45 min. 3) The volume of distribution increased as its dose increased, and a linear correlation was noted between log Vd and log (dose). 4) The difference among the maximum serum concentrations calculated with dibekacin following the administration of LD50 was small, which coincided with the results of the experiment that the serum concentrations of dibekacin at the death following the administration of LD100 were almost the same regardless of the method of administration. PMID- 7288554 TI - Pharmacokinetics of dibekacin in rabbits and dogs. AB - The behaviors of dibekacin after three administration methods to rabbits and dogs were pharmacokinetically analysed. 1) In both rabbits and dogs, the pharmacokinetic constants for the intravenous constant infusion and intramuscular injection were similar to each other, and the serum levels after the intravenous constant infusion for 1 hr were similar to those after the intramuscular injection except the peak time. 2) In both rabbits and dogs, Vd increased with the dose and a linear correlation was noted between log Vd and log (dose). 3) The tissue concentrations of dibekacin decreased with the decrease in the serum concentration. 4) A correlation equation, log T 1/2 = 0.194 . log B + 1.128, was obtained, where T 1/2 and B represent the biological half-life of dibekacin and the body weight of animals, respectively. It was suggested that the pharmacokinetic behaviors of dibekacin in human beings can be predicted from the results of the animal experiments. PMID- 7288555 TI - Pharmacological actions of ginseng saponin in stressed mice. PMID- 7288556 TI - Biphasic effect of doxapram on hypnotic activity of pentobarbital in mice. AB - The effect of doxapram, a respiratory stimulant, on the pentobarbital sleeping time was investigated in mice. The sleeping time induced by the intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital was prolonged 0--120 min after the administration of doxapram (25-100 mg/kg, i.p.). The pretreatment with doxapram 60 min before had no effect on the anesthetic time induced by ether and on the sleeping time induced by the intracerebroventricular injection of pentobarbital, while increased the lethality of pentobarbital only slightly and the levels of pentobarbital in the plasma and brain significantly. The activities of pentobarbital oxidase and aminopyrine N-demethylase in the 9000 X g supernatant fraction of the liver were inhibited by the pretreatment with doxapram 60 min before the test. On the other hand, 12-24 hr after the injection of doxapram the pentobarbital sleeping time was markedly shortened. Thus, the biphasic effect of doxapram, prolongation at first and shortening later, on the pentobarbital sleeping time was observed. It is possible that doxapram inhibits the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes without an increase in the sensitivity of the central nervous system at first and stimulates these enzymes during the second phase. PMID- 7288557 TI - Pharmacological sequential trials for the fractionation of components with hypoglycemic activity in alloxan diabetic mice from ginseng radix. AB - Three methods of fractionation of ginseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. MEYER) components for a survey of hypoglycemic principle in alloxan diabetic mice were conducted and three groups of hypoglycemic principle in alloxan diabetic mice were conducted and three groups of components tested; fat-soluble components, ginseng saponins and a third component with hypoglycemic activity. Pharmacological sequential trials of the fractionation yielded a most active fraction which was about 100-fold more effective than the original water-soluble extract of the ginseng radix. The ED50 value was 0.4 mg/kg in lowering the blood level of glucose in alloxan diabetic mice. It was demonstrated that some ginseng fractions inhibited epinephrine-induced transient hyperglycemia in mice, increased glycogen content in rat liver, decreased the blood level of acetone bodies in alloxan diabetic mice, and inhibited the release of free fatty acid from rat epididymal fat pad. The results showed that hypoglycemic components existed in a new component of ginseng radix which is different from saponin. PMID- 7288558 TI - Interaction of calcitonin and histamine on bile calcium excretion in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. AB - The effects of calcitonin (CT) and histamine on calcium metabolism in the hepatic bile system of rats were investigated. The subcutaneous administration of CT (20 and 80 MRC mU/100 g) to rats caused a significant fall in serum calcium and a marked increase in liver calcium. The subcutaneous administration of histamine (0.1 mg/100 g) to rats produced a significant decrease in serum calcium, while it did not significantly alter liver calcium. However, the effects of CT (20 or 80 MRC mU/100 g) on the serum and liver calcium was markedly prevented by the simultaneous administration of histamine (0.1 mg/100 g). On the other hand, the excretion of calcium into the bile of thyroparathyroidectomized rats intraperitoneally injected with the calcium chloride (4.0 mg Ca/100 g) was markedly increased by the administration of CT (20 or 80 MRC mU/100 g) or histamine (0.1 mg/100 g). Reversely, a remarkable elevation of bile calcium by CT was clearly prevented by the simultaneous administration of histamine (0.1 mg/100 g). The present results further support the point of view that the hypocalcemic effect of CT is based on the stimulation of calcium excretion into the bile by the hormone. PMID- 7288559 TI - Proteinase inhibitors suppress the formation of granulation tissue in the carrageenin-induced inflammation in rats. AB - Effect of proteinase inhibitors on the carrageenin-induced inflammation was studied. The formation of granulation tissue was markedly inhibited by a single injection of epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid n-hexyl ester (EACA hexyl ester, 300 mg/kg) into the carrageenin-airpouch immediately after carrageenin injection, whereas repeated injections of the inhibitor starting at 12 hr, 24 hr and 48 hr after carrageenin injection were less effective, slightly effective and ineffective, respectively. A dose-dependent inhibition of both the formation of granulation tissue and the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the inflammatory locus was found by a single injection of EACA hexyl ester into the carrageenin-airpouch immediately after carrageenin injection. Similarly, a single injection of L-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK, 50 mg/kg) and N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK, 30 mg/kg) inhibited both the formation of granulation tissue and the migration of PMNs into the inflammatory locus. These results suggest that serine proteinase inhibitors such as EACA hexyl ester, TPCK and TLCK exert their anti-inflammatory actions by interfering with the initial inflammatory reactions including the migration of PMNs into inflammatory locus after carrageenin injection. PMID- 7288560 TI - Influence of blood proteins on biomedical analysis. III. Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of gliclazide. AB - Both pharmacokinetics of total and free gliclazide, a potential hypoglycemic drug, were studied in the healthy (n = 12) and diabetic subjects (n = 11). The blood level of gliclazide was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography, and the free gliclazide (unbound to proteins) in the serum separated by means of an ultrafiltration. The binding ratio of gliclazide to the blood proteins was about 96% during the periods of 24 hr after administration of the drug. Several pharmacokinetic parameters for the blood gliclazide were derived from the decay curves of the blood drug levels. Each pharmacokinetic parameter was not changed by differences between the healthy and diabetic subjects, the total and free drug levels, and method of administration of the drug; each mean parameter, the elimination rate (ke), the time to peak level (tmax), the elimination half-life (t1/2) and the volume of distribution (Vd beta) was 0.07 hr-1, 2.8 hr, 12.3 hr and 16.4 1 (total level), respectively. The serum from healthy subject receiving orally administered gliclazide was gel-filtered on a Sephadex G-150 column. Each fractionated serum protein of macroglobulin (IgM), gamma-globulin (IgG), albumin (A) and small molecular substances (F), contained gliclazide at average of 3.7, 0.7, 82.3 and 13.2%, respectively, during the periods of 24 hr after administration. In in vitro experiment, it was found that the ratio of gliclazide-albumin binding kept a constant level at 96.5% in the range of normal protein levels (3.3--4.8 g/100 ml). In conclusion, the present result shows that the pharmacokinetics of the total blood level of gliclazide reflect the free gliclazide level, moreover, gliclazide predominantly binds with albumin in the blood and its binding ratio is not constant, but variable according to the dose-relation between the drug and the serum protein. PMID- 7288561 TI - Assignment of circular dichroism spectra of 2-(4'-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid induced by bovine serum albumin to the azo form. AB - In the displacement study, the effects of tolbutamide on the absorption spectra and induced CD spectra of 2-(4'-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid(HABA)-bovine serum albumin (BSA) complex were investigated using the samples obtained from equilibrium dialysis at pH 7.40. The binding of tolbutamide to BSA enhanced the binding of the azo form in spite of the displacement of the hydrazone form of bound HABA at the molar ratio of HABA to BSA of 0.65, causing the increase in the negative ellipticity at 445 nm, which was termed the C band. The C band could be assigned to the azo form of bound HABA. PMID- 7288562 TI - Unemployment and depressive affect: a motivational and attributional analysis. AB - It was hypothesized on the basis of expectancy-valence theory that the negative affect that follows failure to obtain employment will be stronger among those individuals who are more strongly motivated to seek employment than among those who are less motivated. This hypothesis was tested by administering a questionnaire to a sample of 212 unemployed youth contacted through helping agencies in Adelaide, South Australia. Consistent with the hypothesis, the results showed that subjects who indicated in their ratings that they were highly motivated to get a job also provided higher ratings of depressive affect. Those subjects with higher levels of depressive affect were less likely to blame themselves for their unemployment and more likely to blame external difficulties, such as the current economic situation. They also provided higher ratings of the valence or perceived attractiveness of work itself. Their retrospective ratings concerning how confident they were of getting a job on leaving school and how much they needed and tried for a job also tended to be higher than those of the less depressed subjects. Results are discussed in relation to the expectancy valence approach, Beck's theory of depression, the helplessness theory of depression, and recent discussions of cognitive-effect linkages that employ attribution concepts. PMID- 7288563 TI - Modifying shyness-related social behavior through symptom misattribution. AB - An experimental misattribution paradigm proved to be a significant intervention treatment of altering social participation among dispositionally shy women. When specific arousal symptoms previously associated with their social anxiety were misattributed to a nonpsychological source, high-frequency noise, these extremely shy women behaved as if they were not shy. Their verbal fluency and interactional assertiveness resembled that of not-shy comparison women given the same treatment. Moreover, their scores on these measures were significantly elevated from the low levels recorded by shy controls who had been led to expect shyness irrelevant "side effects" from their exposure to noise. A male partner (a confederate) accurately perceived whether or not the women in the two control groups were shy, but he misjudged as "not shy" the shy women in the misattribution group. The greater enjoyment of the interaction by those in this latter group, despite high-frequency noise bombardment, was also reflected in their stronger preference for further affiliation than that shown by either comparison group. The continuously monitored heart rate data provide grounds for speculation as to the relationship of physiological arousal and behavior. However, a paradoxical placebo finding emerged when it appeared that the non-shy women in this same misattribution condition experienced a higher level of arousal, and this anxiety-like arousal was associated with preferences for nonaffiliation. PMID- 7288564 TI - Survivors of the holocaust and their children: current status and adjustment. AB - A group of 52 concentration camp and other survivors of World War II were compared with a control group of 29 persons of similar European and religious background. Forty-seven children of these survivors and 16 children from the comparison group were also evaluated. The psychological adjustment of both group of adults and their children was within the normal range. Cultural rather than specific survivor influences were noted in the present attitudes and behaviors of the parents. There were no significant differences between the survivor and control group children on any of the psychological variables or in thier attitudes and behaviors toward their parents. Based on these findings, we questioned notions of survivor guilt, the manifestation of emotional blunting in the survivors, and the extremely maladaptive psychological influence of their parents' experiences on the children of survivors. PMID- 7288565 TI - The baiting crowd in episodes of threatened suicide. AB - This study examines 21 cases in which crowds were present when a disturbed person threatened to jump off a building, bridge, or tower. Baiting or jeering occurred in 10 of the cases. Analysis of newspaper accounts of the episodes suggests several deindividuation factors that might contribute to the baiting phenomenon: membership in a large crowd, the cover of nighttime, and physical distance between crowd and victim (all factors associated with anonymity). The baiting phenomenon was also associated with warm temperatures and long duration of episode. These factors suggest leads for more systematic investigation. PMID- 7288566 TI - Victim reactions in aggressive erotic films as a factor in violence against women. AB - The present study was designed to investigate whether the behavioral characteristics of the people in erotic films and the nature of the targets available for aggression afterward can affect subsequent aggression. In Experiment 1, male subjects were angered by a male or female confederate. They were then shown a neutral film or one of three erotic films. The erotic films differed in terms of their aggressive content (two were aggressive and one was nonaggressive) and the reactions of the female victim in the two aggressive films (positive vs. negative). Subjects were then allowed to aggress against the confederate via electric shock. Results indicated that films had no effect on male targets whereas both types of aggressive erotic films increased aggression toward the female. In Experiment 2, the effects of the above films on nonangry viewers were investigated with only female confederates. Results indicated that angered male subjects were more aggressive toward the female after viewing either aggressive erotic film but that only the positive-outcome aggressive film increased aggression in nonangered subjects. Both the theoretical and applied aspects of aggressive and nonaggressive erotica are discussed. PMID- 7288567 TI - On the induction of emotion in the laboratory: discrete moods or multiple affect states? AB - To study the effects of various emotions on behavior, psychologists have traditionally used one of a variety of mood-induction techniques. A manipulation check measuring the mood in question is used to determine the success of the mood induction. Evidence indicates, however, that attempting to induce one particular emotion may actually result in arousal of several affects. A series of laboratory studies and one naturalistic observation are reported that demonstrate that so called standard manipulations for producing particular discrete emotions actually give rise to multiple moods. Even naturally occurring emotions seem to occur in clusters rather than singly. Implications for laboratory study of emotion and the nature of emotional responses in general are discussed. PMID- 7288568 TI - [Studies on tenuazonic acid analogs. IV. Preparation of condensation products of 3-acetyltetramanilide with substituted benzaldehydes and their antitumor activities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288569 TI - [Bactobolins, antitumor antibiotics from Pseudomonas. I. Structures and antimicrobial activities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288570 TI - [Bactobolins, antitumor antibiotics from Pseudomonas. II. Synthesis and biological activities of related compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288572 TI - [The action of sympathomimetic amines in relation to cardiac lesions and blood oxygen tension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288571 TI - [Enzymochemical studies on snake venoms. IX. Purification and properties of arginine ester hydrolase (ME-2) in the venom of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288573 TI - [Study of the saponin of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. I. Inhibitory effect on adrenal atrophy, thymus atrophy and the decrease of serum K+ concentration induced by cortisone acetate in unilateral adrenalectomized rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288575 TI - [Determination of pindolol in plasma and urine by high pressure liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288574 TI - [Pharmacological studies on antispasmodics. I. Selectivity to antispasmodic activity of diarylmethylene-5-methyl-trans-quinolizidinium bromides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288576 TI - [Studies on the metabolic fate of tulobuterol. V. Species differences in the metabolism and excretion in rat, dog, guinea pig and rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288577 TI - [Studies on the synthesis of analgesics. LIV. Syntheses of 3-(substituted phenyl) 4-oxazolidinone and 3-(substituted phenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-1,3-oxazin-4-one derivatives as analgesics (studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. CMXXVII) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288578 TI - [Studies on antibacterial peptide. XIV. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of alpha-acylpentapeptide related to colistin. III (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288579 TI - [Effect of oral hypoglycemic agents on gastric secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288580 TI - [Enhanced bioavailability of phenytoin by beta-cyclodextrin complexation (author's transl]. PMID- 7288581 TI - [Effects of macrogol 400 on cellulose membrane permeation of ethylaminobenzoate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288583 TI - [Microdetermination of free formaldehyde in commercial clothes by high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288582 TI - [Determination of curcumin content of turmeric by high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288584 TI - [Effects of various phosphates on the stability of ascorbic acid]. PMID- 7288585 TI - [The formation of fluorescent substances by lipidperoxides. II]. PMID- 7288586 TI - [An improved procedure for binding parameter fitting from scatchard plot]. PMID- 7288587 TI - Pharmacological studies of sodium alginate. III. Acceleration of fibrin formation by sodium alginate. PMID- 7288588 TI - [Teratogenicity of aminopyrine and its molecular compound with barbital]. PMID- 7288590 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Ipomoea biloba Forsk]. PMID- 7288589 TI - [Enhancement effects of barbital and phenobarbital on aminopyrine-initiated teratogenesis in mice]. PMID- 7288591 TI - [Acid hydrolysis of furosemide in alcohol-water mixtures]. PMID- 7288593 TI - Arterial-venous blood alcohol concentration gradients. AB - Arterial and venous blood alcohol concentration (BAC)-time courses were completely defined in the peripheral circulations, both during and after the constant rate infusions of ethanol via the cephalic vein or hepatic artery in the dog. These BAC data were characterized by the following trends. (1) A much faster rise in the blood alcohol curve, as well as a higher peak BAC was found using the shorter infusion time. (2) During infusion, the alcohol concentration was higher in arterial or arterialized blood than venous blood when infusion was via the cephalic vein. (3) Peak BAC was higher in the femoral artery than the femoral vein whether infusion was via the cephalic vein or hepatic artery. (4) Peak BAC was higher in the hepatic artery or portal vein than the hepatic vein when infusion was via the cephalic vein. When administration was directly into the liver, the peak BAC in the hepatic vein was higher than the portal vein. (5) After infusion ceased, there was an arterial-venous inversion; peripheral arterial ethanol concentrations were significantly less (p less than 0.001) than corresponding venous concentrations; with cephalic vein administration, a hepatic vein-portal crossover was observed, the reverse being true when ethanol was administered via the hepatic artery. In either case, the BAC was observed to be higher in the hepatic artery than the portal vein or hepatic vein throughout the sampling period. (6) BAC was observed to be higher for the same sampling times at the respective sites when ethanol was administered directly into the liver. While the methodology in this study is prohibitive for human experimentation, correlations may be extended to man. The elaboration of the arterial-venous concentration differences for ethanol should prove beneficial in revealing the relationships among the doses of alcohol, the circulating blood ethanol concentrations, and physiological and psychomotor test parameters in man. PMID- 7288594 TI - The pharmacokinetics of the intravenous steroid anesthetic alphaxalone in the isolated perfused rat lung. AB - We have examined four mathematical systems modeling the transit of the steroid anesthetic alphaxalone (3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-11,20-dione) through the lung. Using the isolated rat lung perfused with a plasma substitute containing 14C-alphaxalone and 3H-dextran, we have obtained results that are incompatible with models involving (a) anatomical variations in the microcirculation, (b) high solubility, or (c) specific binding. We develop a stochastic model of a physical process analogous to the sequence of events that takes place in a chromatography column. This model closely fits the experimental data and predicts a peak effluent concentration of alphaxalone that may occur after washout with several exclusion volumes. It represents a delay with the pulmonary compartment that may explain a difference in induction times observed between various intravenous anesthetic agents. PMID- 7288592 TI - A new blood-flow pharmacokinetic model for ethanol. AB - A multicompartmental mathematical model, taking into account observed vascular concentration gradients and blood flow rate limitations, has been proposed. Based on blood flows and blood and tissue volumes reported in the literature and in personal communications, an appropriate model was elaborated for ethanol in the dog. The relatively high values of r2 and a correlation coefficient determined for the simultaneous computer fitting of mean observed blood ethanol concentration, time data from two administered doses, support the proposed model. While the surgery is prohibitive for human experimentation, correlations may be extended to man. The elaboration of a more complete multicompartmental model for ethanol should prove beneficial in revealing the relationships among the doses of alcohol, the circulating blood ethanol concentrations, and physiological and psychomotor test parameters. PMID- 7288595 TI - Pharmacokinetics of digoxin in the turkey and comparison with other species. AB - Digoxin was administered by bolus intravenous injection to seven broad-breasted white turkey poults at doses of 0.1, 0.15, or 0.2 mg/kg. Plasma digoxin concentrations were measured by a 125I radioimmunoassay at selected times over the subsequent 24 hr. The data were fitted to a two compartment open pharmacokinetic model. Overall mean values for kinetic variables were: distribution halflife, 38.96 min; elimination halflife, 11.03 hr; volume of distribution in the central compartment, 1.54 liters/kg; total body clearance, 5.81 ml/min/kg. Different doses did not appear to have a significant effect on the identifiable pharmacokinetic variables, suggesting that digoxin disposition is dose independent in the turkey. The results obtained in turkeys were compared with data reported for rats, cats, dogs, and humans. The value for total body clearance of digoxin in the turkey was similar to values found in man, dogs, and cats but considerably less than values reported for rats. The value for elimination halflife in turkeys was somewhat less than values reported for infants and dogs; however, it was considerably different than values reported for rats and cats. PMID- 7288596 TI - Simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling. AB - The compartmental model approach previously proposed by Sheiner et al. for the simultaneous characterization of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug substance has been rigorously tested and extended in the present report. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic equations were derived for several commonly used models, as well as alternate models that relate effect to drug concentrations in a peripheral compartment. The versatility and flexibility of these models were tested using simulation and curve-fitting procedures. The utility as well as the limitations of this modeling procedure are discussed. PMID- 7288597 TI - The lung parenchymal strip: a reappraisal. PMID- 7288598 TI - Calcium content and contracture in isolated muscle of malignant hyperthermia in pigs. PMID- 7288599 TI - The measurement of antagonist potency and the importance of selective inhibition of agonist uptake processes. AB - Schild regressions in isolated tissues are powerful tools for receptor classification only if they yield equillibrium dissociation constants of antagonists which can, in turn, occur only when measurements are made under equillbrium conditions. Regressions with slopes different from unity of nonlinear regressions indicate noncompliance to equillbrium. This paper describes a condition whereby Schild regressions apparently comply with criteria which signify equillbrium conditions but in fact are regressions obtained at nonequilibrium steady states yielding significant underestimations of the potency of the antagonist. Specifically, if agonist uptake processes in isolated tissues are inhibited by uptake inhibitors with receptor blocking properties, the experimental data and a theoretical model suggest that the resulting Schild regression will be linear, have a slope of unity and be shifted to the right of the true Schild regression, thereby significantly underestimating antagonist potency. Experiments with the effects of neuronal uptake inhibition (with desmethylimipramine and amitriptylene) on the phentolamine-inhibition of norepinephrine responses in rat anococcygeus muscle and the effects of metanephrine on the propranolol-inhibition of isoproterenol relaxation of guinea pig trachea provided data to compare to a theoretical model. The data and the model help define the selectivity of the uptake inhibitor fo uptake over receptors needed to achieve steady states approaching true equilibrium, a condition required for satisfactory estimation of antagonist potency. PMID- 7288600 TI - In vivo effects of the cytochrome P-450 suicide substrate 2-isopropyl-4 pentenamide (allylisopropylacetamide) on the disposition and metabolic pattern of propranolol. PMID- 7288601 TI - Aberrant Pharmacokinetics of harmol in the perfused rat liver preparation: sulfate and glucuronide conjugations. PMID- 7288602 TI - Dose- and time-dependent elimination of acetaminophen in rats: pharmacokinetic implications of cosubstrate depletion. PMID- 7288603 TI - The pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide in rats with experimental renal and hepatic dysfunction. PMID- 7288604 TI - Mechanism of the inhibitory action of phenelzine on microsomal drug metabolism. AB - Aminopyrine N-demethylase was inhibited by phenelzine in vitro and in microsomes isolated from rats treated with phenelzine in vivo. The inhibition was greater if phenelzine was incubated with the microsomal suspension before the addition of the substrate. In vitro, the addition of phenelzine produced immediate decrease in cytochrome P-450. This initial decrease was found to be due to the direct binding of phenelzine to the ferrous heme of cytochrome P-450. Further decrease in cytochrome P-450 occurred upon incubation of microsomes with phenelzine in the presence of NADPH. This secondary decrease in cytochrome P-450 was found to be paralleled by a loss of the home content in cytochrome P-450. The decrease in cytochrome P-450 with concomitant loss of heme can be partially inhibited by a substrate (aminopyrine) or by an inhibitor (metyrapone) of the microsomal enzymes, indicating the possible involvement of the metabolism of phenelzine to a reactive intermediate. The comparison of the effect of phenelzine to that of phenylhydrazine strengthened the possibility that a reactive metabolic intermediate of phenelzine can cause heme destruction in cytochrome P-450. Thus, phenelzine exerts its inhibitory action on microsomal drug metabolism most likely by decreasing the cytochrome P-450 content largely through heme destruction. PMID- 7288605 TI - Potency, duration of action and pA2 in man of intravenous naloxone measured by reversal of morphine-depressed respiration. AB - Placebo and morphine (5 and 10 mg) alone and in combination with naloxone (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg) were administered i.v. to six volunteers. Respiratory responses curves obtained by the rebreathing method were obtained before and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min after the drug infusions. At each time, morphine dose-effect curves, alone and with naloxone, were constructed. Dose ratios and thus the apparent pA2 of these drugs were determined from these curves. The pA2 ia a measure of the affinity of an antagonist for its receptor. The peak effects of both morphine and naloxone occurred at 0.5 hr. Morphine effect showed no significant fall up to 4 hr after infusion. The duration of naloxone appears to be dose-related, statistically significant up to approximately 1.5 hr. The apparent pA2 at each time was calculated by three methods; these values were used, in turn, to calculate the pA2 by a time-dependent method. The apparent pA2 and T1/2 of naloxone in man were determined to be approximately 8.37 and 0.32 hr, respectively. A clinical measure of naloxone potency, the cA2, is proposed. PMID- 7288606 TI - The involvement of the sodium-potassium pump in postjunctional supersensitivity of the guinea-pig vas deferens as assessed by [3H]ouabain binding. AB - Previous evidence has suggested that postjunctional supersensitivity of the guinea-pig vas deferens results, in part, from partial depolarization of the cell membrane. The depolarization is believed to result from a reduction in the activity of the Na-K pump. Indeed, the Na, K+ -adenosine triphosphatase activity of subcellular fractions from supersensitive vas deferens is reduced. In order to determine whether the biochemical alteration seen in subcellular fractions correlate with Na-K pump sites in intact tissues, we have studied the binding of [3H] ouabain to intact vas deferens. [3H]ouabain binds to membrane sites which have the characteristics expected of Na+, K+ - adenosine triphosphatase. Specific binding was saturable and reversible. Scatchard analysis of ouabain-binding in control tissues yielded a single class of binding sites with a dissociation constant (KD) of 156 +/- 7 nM and a maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) of 558.7 +/- 15.6 fmol/mg wet wt. [3H]Ouabain binding was displaceable by several cardiac glycosides and aglycones, but not by steroid hormones or sodium vanadate. Alteration of concentrations of Na+ and K+ markedly affected ouabain binding. Denervation (with 6-hydroxydopamine), decentralization or reserpine treatment for 1 day, which do not produce supersensitivity, did not alter the Bmax, whereas 5 to 7 days after these procedures, when supersensitivity was present, the Bmax was significantly reduced by 20 to 40%. The KD was not changed by any of the treatments. These data provide additional support for the concept that a reduction in the NaK pump sites contributes to postjunctional supersensitivity. PMID- 7288608 TI - Effects of chlordiazepoxide and d-amphetamine on responding of squirrel monkeys maintained under concurrent or second-order schedules of response-produced food or electric shock presentation. PMID- 7288607 TI - Modification of environmentally cued tolerance to ethanol in mice. AB - Tolerance to the hypnotic and hypothermic effects of ethanol in mice develops with multiple injections. The tolerance to both of these effects of ethanol can be reduced by testing the animals in a novel environment, suggesting that the tolerance may be learned. Tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol develops more rapidly than tolerance to the hypnotic effect. Disruption of the brain catecholamine systems, with either 6-hydroxydopamine or alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine slows the rate of development of tolerance to the hypnotic effect of ethanol. Intraventricular injection of the serotonergic neurotoxin 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine, increases initial sensitivity to ethanol-induced narcosis and facilitates the development of tolerance to the hypnotic effects of ethanol. Tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol in a familiar environment is unaffected by either of the neurotoxins or by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. However, initial sensitivity to the temperature-lowering effect of ethanol is increased by 6-hydroxydopamine and decreased by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine administration. Learning may be an important factor in development of tolerance to ethanol under some conditions and tolerance produced under these conditions can be modified by disruption of central catecholamine systems. PMID- 7288609 TI - Central cardiovascular effects of taurine: comparison with homotaurine and muscimol. AB - The central cardiovascular effects of taurine were compared with those of homotaurine and muscimol. The drugs were injected i.c.v. in cumulative doses into pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. Muscimol (0.1-30 microgram/kg) produced dose dependent hypotension and bradycardia, with a maximum effect of 70 +/- 5 mm Hg and 75 +/- 5 beats/min, respectively. Homotaurine led to a dose-related fall in blood pressure and heart rate; maximum effects were obtained with 300 microgram/kg and averaged 55 +/- 3 mm Hg and 73 +/- 3 beats/min. For both drugs, the dose-response curves were shifted to the right by pretreatment with 10 microgram/kg of bicuculline i.c.v. This antagonism confirms that the central cardiovascular effects of muscimol and homotaurine are mediated by a stimulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. Taurine produced dose-related hypotension and bradycardia. The depressive effects of taurine started at a dose of 10 microgram/kg; at a dose of 1000 microgram/kg, the maximum effects observed were a 55 +/- 7 mm Hg hypotension and a 53 +/- 8 beats/min bradycardia. These effects were not affected by bicuculline pretreatment, but strychnine (i.c.v) prevented the effects of taurine. These findings indicate that glycine-type receptors may be involved in the taurine effects rather than gamma-aminobutyric acid type receptors. However, these results do not exclude the involvement of taurine-type receptors for which the specific antagonists is not yet available. PMID- 7288610 TI - The ontogeny of the autonomic innervation and contractile response of the rabbit urinary bladder. AB - Although there has been considerable research on urinary bladder innervation, physiology and response to pharmacological agent, very little information is available concerning the ontogeny of bladder innervation and the contractile response to autonomic agents. The developmental aspects of urinary bladder innervation and function have been studied in the rabbit utilizing the following techniques: histochemical methodology to demonstrate autonomic innervation; in vitro responses to autonomic agents to demonstrate contractile responses; and ratio-ligand binding assays to determine specific receptor densities. The results of these studies can be summarized as follows: 1) at birth, the density of adrenergic fibers in the rabbit urinary bladder is very sparse, whereas there is a dense cholinergic innervation present. Over the first 6 weeks of postnatal development, there is a rapid progressive increase in the density of adrenergic fibers, whereas there is no significant change in the cholinergic innervation; 2) at birth, isolated strips of bladder respond poorly to methoxamine (alpha adrenergic agonist) and isoproterenol (beta-adrenergic agonist), but well to bethanechol (muscarinic cholinergic) and ATP (purinergic); 3) at birth, the density of adrenergic alpha and beta receptors is low; over the first 6 weeks of postnatal development, the density increases progressively to adult levels. The muscarinic receptor density is high at birth and does not change significantly over the first 6 weeks of postnatal development. PMID- 7288611 TI - Effect of 4-aminopyridine on nerve terminal action potentials. AB - The effects of 4-aminopyridine (4AP) on the extracellularly recorded nerve terminal action potential (NTAP) and end-plate potential were studied at the frog neuromuscular junction. An in-depth analysis of the time course of the NTAP was performed in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca++. Low concentrations (5 X 10(-6) M) of 4AP produced no significant alterations in the time course of the NTAP, yet increased quantal content of the end-plate potential 2-fold. In contrast, high concentrations (5 X 10(-4) M) of 4AP prolonged the duration of the NTAP by selectively flattening the K+ slope of the NTAP and increased the quantal content of the end-plate potential. It is concluded that both potassium channel blockade and facilitation of transmitter release by 4AP can be demonstrated in this preparation, and that it is possible to separate these actions by varying the concentration of 4AP. Interpretation of these data suggests that there is a second site or mechanism of action by which 4AP potentials transmitter release. Possible mechanisms of action for 4AP are discussed. PMID- 7288612 TI - Morphine: a dual effect at the canine choledochoduodenal junction. AB - The effects of i.v. bolus injections of morphine sulfate on resistance to flow through the choledochoduodenal junction were studied in acutely prepared dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Dose-response studies indicate that the spasmogenic effect of 0.1 mg/kg of morphine is greater than that of 1.0 mg/kg of morphine. These and other data indicate a combination of stimulatory and inhibitory activity with the relaxing activity occurring at higher doses. Inhibitory activity was potentiated by neostigmine, given 1 hr before morphine. Prior administration of atropine or vagotomy enhanced the stimulatory effect, possibly by blockade of the inhibitory effect. Vagotomy did not block the inhibitory effect of morphine in dogs pretreated with neostigmine. After three serial injections of 1.0 mg/kg, of morphine, naloxone challenge elicited strong choledochoduodenal contractions in reserpine-treated dogs, neostigmine-treated dogs and dogs given 0.1 mg/kg of morphine 1 hr before 1.0 mg/kg of morphine. In dogs pretreated with neostigmine, contractions upon naloxone challenge were always completely blocked by atropine. Acetylcholine release may be involved in the inhibitory effect of morphine at the canine choledochoduodenal junction. PMID- 7288613 TI - The metabolism and excretion of styrene oxide-glutathione conjugates in the rat and by isolated perfused liver, lung and kidney preparations. AB - The metabolism and excretion of styrene oxide-glutathione conjugates were studied in the intact rat and by isolated perfusion techniques in rat lung, liver and kidney. The intact animals converted the styrene oxide-glutathione conjugates almost entirely to styrene oxide-n-acetylcysteine derivatives mercapturic acids), with much smaller amounts of cysteine, cysteinylglycine and (unchanged) glutathione conjugates. Only small amounts of biliary excretion (approximately 5%) and less than 1% of fecal excretion of radioactivity were found. The isolated perfused kidney retains the capacity to transform virtually all of the glutathione conjugates at the dose level studied (25-30 mumol/kidney) and the principal component in urine from the isolated kidney was the cysteine conjugate. Isolated perfused lung experiments demonstrated that this organ has a minor role in styrene oxide-thioether conjugate. Isolated perfused lung experiments demonstrated that this organ has a minor role in styrene oxide-thioether conjugate metabolism. The isolated perfused liver experiments showed that phenobarbital pretreatment has little effect on biliary excretion but barbital pretreatment has little effect on biliary excretion but that it causes profound qualitative and quantitative effects on metabolism of styrene oxide-glutathione conjugates in the perfusion medium. The high level of styrene oxide-cysteine conjugates in the perfusion medium of an isolated perfused liver, especially after phenobarbital treatment, is consistent with the theory that gamma glutamyltransferase activity is extracellular. The high-pressure liquid chromatography system of analysis described offers the ability to simultaneously separate and quantitate the major thioether conjugates of styrene oxide and other electrophilic epoxides. PMID- 7288614 TI - Effect of heparin or salicylate infusion on serum protein binding and on concentrations of phenytoin in serum, brain and cerebrospinal fluid of rats. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine if administration of heparin causes displacement of an acidic drug from serum protein binding sites in vivo as has been suggested by several groups of investigators. Rats were injected and infused with phenytoin to produce steady-state serum concentrations of about 25 micrograms/ml. After 2 hr, some of the animals also received injections and infusions of either heparin or salicylic acid. Salicylic acid (about 300 micrograms/ml), a classical inhibitor of phenytoin protein binding, reduced the steady-state serum concentration of total (free plus bound) phenytoin but had no significant effect on the steady-state serum concentration of free phenytoin or on the concentrations of phenytoin in cerebrospinal fluid and brain. The concentrations of phenytoin in cerebrospinal fluid were almost identical to the free phenytoin concentrations in serum. Similar effects were observed with respect to 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin and were found to be due to displacement of this major metabolite of phenytoin from serum protein binding sites by salicylate. Heparin administration caused an apparent increase of the steady-state plasma concentration of free phenytoin when determined as the product of the concentration of total phenytoin and the free fraction measured by in vitro equilibrium dialysis. Since heparin treatment had no significant effect on the total concentrations of phenytoin in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and brain, it is concluded that the apparent displacement of phenytoin from plasma proteins occurs in vitro, after collection of blood samples from heparinized animals. PMID- 7288615 TI - Acetaminophen as an internal standard for calibrating in vivo electrochemical electrodes. PMID- 7288616 TI - Conditioned taste aversion and operant behavior in rats: effects of cocaine, apomorphine and some long-acting derivatives. AB - Apomorphine and cocaine and their long-acting derivatives, diisobutyrylapomorphine and Win 35,428 (a fluorine-substituted phenyltropane analog of cocaine), were compared for their effects in producing conditioned taste aversions and altering schedule-controlled behavior in rats. The drugs had qualitatively similar effects in both types of experiments; suitable doses of each drug produced marked decreases in consumption of flavored solutions associated with their injection and suppressed key-press responding maintained under a 30-response fixed-ratio scheduled of food presentation. Potency ratios for apomorphine and cocaine relative to their long-acting derivatives were similar in both experiments; Win 35,428 was approximately 34 times more potent than cocaine, whereas apomorphine and diisobutyrylapomorphine did not differ appreciably in potency. Extending the duration of action of cocaine by administering an initial dose of 53 micromol/kg of cocaine followed by two additional doses of 26.5 micromol/kg at 30-min intervals failed to produce a greater degree of taste aversion than administration of only a single dose of 53 micromol/kg of cocaine. The observations with Win 35,428 and diisobutyrylapomorphine confirm previous work with these compounds and extend its generally to other species of animal and types of behaviors. None of the findings support the view that the potency of a drug in producing conditioned taste aversions is correlated with its duration of action. PMID- 7288617 TI - Structural specificity in the renal tubular transport of tyrosine. AB - The structural requirements for aromatic amino acid reabsorption and secretion in the dog were investigated using a series of tyrosine analogs. In clearance experiments, l-tyrosine and l-phenylalanine underwent net reabsorption at rates 5 to 6 times greater than those of the corresponding d-enantiomers and about 1.5 time those of o- and m-dl-tyrosine. 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)Propionic acid underwent net secretion under conditions of polyuria and high urinary pH and net reabsorption under conditions of oliguria and low pH. In stop-flow experiments, (U/Pl-amino acid)/(U/Pln) ratios, where U/P = concentration in urine and plasma and In = inulin, of proximal tubular samples were 1.5 to 5-fold greater than the control (free-flow) values of 0.1 to 0.3, indicating tubular secretion. Secretion was inhibited, and net reabsorption enhanced, by probenecid, p-aminohippuric acid and 2,4-dinitrophenol. (U/Pd-amino acid)/(U/PIN) ratios of proximal tubular samples were below the control values of 0.6 to 0.8, indicating tubular reabsorption. Probenecid had no effect on the overall pattern but caused a slight decrease in the relative clearance values. The stop-flow pattern of 3-(p hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid excretion was similar to that of the I-amino acids. It was concluded that the I-amino acids undergo bidirectional transport and that the I-configuration and amino group are required for optimal active reabsorption, whereas ring hydroxylation has little effect on reabsorption transport. No absolute structural requirements for active secretion were elucidated. PMID- 7288618 TI - Acute effect of ethanol on hepatic first-pass elimination of propoxyphene in rats. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine if ethanol enhances the acute toxicity of propoxyphene not only by its central nervous system depressant effect but also by inhibiting the otherwise pronounced presystemic biotransformation of the analgesic. Administration of propoxyphene to adult male rats by injection into either the systemic (jugular vein) or hepatic portal circulation (pyloric vein) revealed that 40 +/- 12% (mean +/- S.D.) of a 12 mg/kg dose reached the systemic circulation intact after injection of the drug into the portal circulation. This estimate, based on the area under the plasma concentration time curve, was confirmed by the relative amounts of propoxyphene excreted unchanged in the urine. Acute infusions of ethanol, 1.5 ml/kg/hr from -3 to 0 hr and 0.5 ml/kg/hr from 0 to +3 hr into the portal circulation, increased the total systemic clearance of propoxyphene from 64 to 95 ml/min/kg on the average (P less than .02), probably due to increased hepatic blood perfusion rate. The same rate and route of ethanol administration caused an increase in the average systemic availability of propoxyphene from 28 to 56% (P less than .001) after injection of 8 mg/kg into the portal circulation. Since orally administered propoxyphene is ordinarily subject to extensive presystemic biotransformation in humans, the frequent association of ethanol intake with fatal propoxyphene intoxication may be due, at least in part, to an increased systemic availability of propoxyphene when taken with ethanol. PMID- 7288619 TI - The effect of metabolic inhibitors on strophanthidin-induced arrhythmias and contracture in cardiac purkinje fibers. AB - The effect of different metabolic inhibitors on the induction of spontaneous rhythms by strophanthidin was studied in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers perfused in vitro. Both the electrical and mechanical activity were recorded. Strophanthidin caused its usual effects (an increase and then a decrease in force, a steepening of diastolic depolarization, spontaneous rhythms and inexcitability, but no contracture). When strophanthidin administration was repeated in the presence of depressed oxidative phosphorylation (antimycin and hypoxia), the force increased less and spontaneous rhythm occurred without the development of contracture. When strophanthidin was administered in the presence of blockade of glycolysis (iodoacetic acid and 2-deoxy-D-glucose), strophanthidin increased force even more than in the control test but steepened diastolic depolarization less or not at all and induced contracture. In some preparations, spontaneous rhythms developed but then only before the development of contracture. Hypothermia also increased the duration of the twitch and prevented the oscillatory potentials. Strophanthidin-induced arrhythmias were present in hypoxia but were prevented in hypoxia plus 2-deoxy-D-glucose. When metabolic blockade was severe (irreversible stage of antimycin action), contracture also developed, but spontaneous activity failed to appear. It is concluded that the oscillatory potentials induced by cardiac steroids are sensitive to blockade of glycolysis or severe metabolic blockade, possibly as a consequence of an impaired reuptake of calcium into sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7288620 TI - Levels of acetaminophen and its metabolites in mouse tissues after a toxic dose. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for analysis of acetaminophen and its conjugated metabolites in tissues was developed and used to determine tissue, plasma and urine levels of the drug and its glucuronic acid, sulfate, glutathione, cysteine mercapturic acid conjugates in mice given a 500 mg/kg oral dose of [14C]acetaminophen. Peak levels of unchanged drug occurred at 0.5 hr in plasma, liver and kidney. At the same time, only 30% of the radioactive dose could be recovered from the gastrointestinal tract, indicating rapid absorption of the drug. Peak concentrations of acetaminophen were high in all tissues (1500 2000 nmol/g) and declined with an apparent half-life of 1 hr. Tissue levels of drug conjugates reached a peak at 1 hr and were low relative to unchanged drug for the first 2 hr after the dose. The glucuronic acid and glutathione conjugates reached a similar peak in the liver (325 nmol/g). The glucuronide declined slowly over a 4-hr period, but the glutathione conjugate dropped rapidly between 1 and 2 hr, reflecting depletion of glutathione. Tissue/plasma ratios of metabolites indicated that the glutathione conjugate was concentrated in liver, whereas the cysteine conjugate was concentrated in kidney. Brain levels of unchanged acetaminophen were similar to levels found in other tissues, but conjugates were essentially excluded from the brain reflecting the influence of the blood brain barrier. The results show that certain drug conjugates reach relatively high levels in plasma, liver and kidney, but not brain, after a toxic dose of acetaminophen. PMID- 7288622 TI - The disposition of acyclovir in different species. AB - The absorption, distribution and biotransformation of the antiviral drug acyclovir were investigated in several species. Its oral administration resulted in better absorption and higher plasma levels in the dog and mouse than in the rat and rhesus monkey. Although more total drug was absorbed, the fraction of the oral dose of acyclovir absorbed declined with increasing doses of drug. When 14C labeled acyclovir was given s.c. to mice and rats it was distributed into all the tissues examined, including the brain. In the dog, the drug was present in the cerebrospinal fluid, the aqueous humor and saliva after an oral dose. Binding of acyclovir to plasma proteins was less than 35%. In metabolism studies with radioactive acyclovir, high-performance liquid chromatography showed that 94 and 95% of the urinary radioactivity in mice and rats was unchanged acyclovir. Minor urinary metabolites were identified as 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine and 8 hydroxy-9-(2-hydroxy-ethoxymethyl)guanine. There was no enhanced metabolism of the drug after its repeated daily administration to mice or dogs. PMID- 7288621 TI - Effect of a prostaglandin F2 alpha analog on gastric emptying and secretion in rhesus monkeys. AB - The effects of 15(S)-15 methyl prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha (mePGF2 alpha) on gastric emptying and secretion were studied in five conscious chair-adapted rhesus monkeys. A dye dilution technique was used to determine simultaneously fractional emptying rate, hydrogen ion (H+) output, fluid output and H+ concentration of the gastric juice. A continuous s.c. infusion of either saline or mePGF2 alpha (1 or 2 micrograms/kg/min) was given during a 40-min basal period and after intragastric administration of an 80-ml water load. The PGF2 alpha analog significantly inhibited both basal and postload H+ output but did not alter fluid output. As a result, the basal and postload H+ concentration of the gastric juice was significantly decreased. In addition to its antisecretory effect, mePGF2 alpha significantly enhanced postload gastric fractional emptying. PMID- 7288623 TI - Chloramphenicol succinate pharmacokinetics in Macaca nemestrina: dose dependency study. AB - Chloramphenicol succinate ester in doses equivalent to 25, 100 and 250 mg/kg of chloramphenicol were administered by rapid i.v. infusion in a randomized crossover fashion to five adolescent ((18-36 month) male Macaca nemestrina monkeys. Thirteen serum samples and all voided urine were collected over a 5- to 6-hr period. Urinary excretion of unhydrolyzed ester was independent of dose and averaged 26.3 +/- 6.2% of the administered dose. Dose dependency was observed for the elimination rate constant, total body clearance and metabolic clearance of chloramphenicol succinate. Dose dependency was also observed for the apparent volume of distribution, total body clearance, metabolic clearance and time to peak concentration of chloramphenicol. Although significant dose dependency of various pharmacokinetic parameters ws demonstrated, the peak chloramphenicol concentration and the elimination rate constant of chloramphenicol after administration of chloramphenicol succinate showed no significant dose-dependent changes. Therefore, peak chloramphenicol concentrations would be expected to reflect changes in dose in a linear or proportional manner. PMID- 7288624 TI - Reduction of plasma urate levels in the cockerel with polyethylene glycol uricase. AB - Uricase from C. utilis and uricase to which polyethylene glycol had been attached were injected into leghorn cockerels in an attempt to lower plasma urate levels. Twenty units of either enzyme reduced urate levels to near zero for 24 hr on initial injection, whereas 10 U were effective for less than 6 hr. After injection with four-weekly doses of enzyme, unmodified uricase was ineffective in lowering plasma urate levels. Polyethylene glycol-uricase, however, was as effective as on the first injection. Both enzyme preparations appear in the lymph shortly after injection into the rat, although polyethylene glycol-uricase appears slightly sooner and maintains a more constant level than uricase. PMID- 7288625 TI - A comparison of the behavioral effects of l- and dl-cathinone and d-amphetamine. AB - The leaves of the Catha edulis plant (Khat) are chewed extensively by inhabitants of several African and Arab countries. It has been postulated that the behavioral effects of Khat are similar to those of amphetamine and that one of its components, cathinone, is the principal active alkaloid. In the first study, the ability of i.v. l-cathinone (0.0008-0.05 mg/kg/infusion), dl-cathinone (0.0016 0.1 mg/kg/infusion) and d-amphetamine (0.0016-0.025 mg/kg/infusion) to maintain responding under a fixed-ratio 10 schedule of delivery was determined. All three drugs functioned as positive reinforcers. Relative to amphetamine, lower doses of l-cathinone maintained responding, whereas the function for dl-cathinone was shifted to the right of amphetamine. However, potency comparisons are complicated by the fact that the dose-infusion functions for both l- and dl-cathinone were broader and peaked at higher rates than those generated by d-amphetamine. Because response rates under ratio schedules of drug delivery are determined by several properties of a drug, the relative potency of cathinone and d-amphetamine was investigated further. In a second experiment, the effects of i.v. l- and dl cathinone (0.025-3.2 mg/kg) and d-amphetamine (0.0125-1.6 mg/kg) on responding maintained under a multiple fixed-ratio 30 fixed-interval 5-min schedule of food delivery were determined in three monkeys. Although there were some increases in overall rats, these drugs primarily produced dose-dependent decreases in responding under both schedules. d-Amphetamine was 2 to 4 times more potent than l- and dl-cathinone which were equipotent. This may indicate that the lower rates of responding maintained by d-amphetamine in the first experiment were due to its greater potency in disrupting responding. PMID- 7288626 TI - Nantradol hydrochloride: pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects after acute and chronic treatment. AB - Studies with [3H]nantradol hydrochloride indicate that nantradol is extensively metabolized after oral administration. By using a liquid chromatography assay with electrochemical detection, specific for both nantradol and desacetylnantradol, only desacetylnantradol is detected in plasma of rats and dogs dosed with nantradol. In animal analgetic tests, desacetylnantradol exhibits activity at least equal to nantradol. Together, these findings and additional in vitro enzymatic studies suggest that desacetylnantradol is the analgetically active species in vivo. In rats and dogs, desacetylnantradol has an apparent half life of about 2 hr. No evidence for drug accumulation or alteration of drug metabolizing enzymes is noted from desacetylnantradol plasma level determinations during 90 days of oral and 14 days of i.m. dosing in dogs or rats at doses of 0.125 to 0.5 mg/kg i.m. and 2.5 to 10 mg/kg p.o. The static ataxia test in dogs was used to assess behavioral tolerance after chronic dosing (90 days); unlike delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol only modest tolerance development is observed. PMID- 7288627 TI - Role of reducing equivalents from fatty acid oxidation in mixed-function oxidation: studies with 2-bromooctanoate in the perfused rat liver. AB - Mixed-function oxidation of p-nitroanisole in isolated perfused livers from fasted rats was studied in the presence and absence of 2-bromooctanoate, an inhibitor of the beta-oxidation of acyl CoA compounds. These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that reducing equivalents from fatty acid oxidation may play a role in drug metabolism in the fasted state. Complete inhibition of ketogenesis, as indicated by beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate production, was achieved with the addition of 0.6 mM 2-bromooctanoate to the perfusate. This concentration of 2-bromooctanoate had no effect on p-nitroanisole O-demethylation measured in isolated microsomes but diminished maximal rates of p nitroanisole O-demethylation by 78% in perfused livers of fasted, phenobarbital treated rats. No inhibition of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation was seen in perfused livers from fed rats. Intracellular concentrations of ATP, NADH, glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate and isocitrate decreased significantly in the presence of 2-bromooctanoate; oxygen uptake also decreased by about 50%. These data indicate that by inhibiting endogenous acyl CoA oxidation, 2-bromooctanoate diminishes beta-oxidation of fatty acids, thereby decreasing the supply of NADH for the generation of ATP. This decreases the synthesis of NADPH, an obligatory cofactor for drug metabolism. 2-Bromooctanoate also decreased the concentration of intermediates which act through substrate shuttle mechanisms to move reducing equivalents from the mitochondrial into the extramitochondrial space. It is concluded that the decrease in mixed-function oxidation observed when beta oxidation of fatty acids is inhibited with 2-bromooctanoate is due to diminished availability of mitochondrial reducing equivalents for the generation of cytosolic NADPH. 24CA-23080 PMID- 7288628 TI - Beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol in conscious euthyroid and thyrotoxic calves: dosage requirements and effects on heart rate and left ventricular performance. AB - The effects of acute beta adrenergic blockade were studied in nine calves which had been instrumented with sonomicrometer crystals and pressure transducers before and after treatment with thyroxine (200 micrograms/kg) for 14 days. The adequacy of beta adrenergic blockade was determined using graded doses of isoproterenol. The results indicated that beta adrenergic blockade had no significant effect on heart rate, left ventricular dimensions or contractile performance in either thyroid state. However, the average dose of propranolol required to achieve beta adrenergic blockade was increased two to three times by thyroxine treatment. Consequently, the kinetics of propranolol disposition were determined in nine animals after a single i.v. dose of the drug. Also, propranolol was administered to four animals by continuous i.v. infusions at graded dosages to produce a range of serum concentrations in each animal. The amount of isoproterenol required to increase the heart rate by 25 beats/min was determined at each dosage level. It was found that in thyrotoxic animals two to three times higher serum propranolol concentrations were required to block challenge doses of isoproterenol. This could not be explained by changes in the disposition of propranolol. The possibility that there are larger numbers of functionally inactive (uncoupled) beta adrenergic receptors in thyrotoxic myocardium is discussed. PMID- 7288630 TI - The histamine-like effects of tolazoline and clonidine:: evidence against direct activity at histamine receptors. AB - Both tolazoline and clonidine produce agonist effects sensitive to histamine H2 receptor antagonism in whole animals and a variety of isolated tissues. In guinea pig right atria, tolazoline concentration-response curves were shifted to the right and progressively depressed by cimetidine. Clonidine produced a submaximal histamine-like tachycardia which was converted by cimetidine to a depression of sinus rate. Neither tolazoline nor clonidine stimulated histamine H2-receptors in rabbit right atria. Instead, these agents were very weak inhibitors of histamine with a pA2 for tolazoline of 3.3 and for clonidine of 3.7. No appreciable histamine H1-receptor activity was evident for either drug in experiments with guinea-pig ileum. The weak histamine H2-receptor affinity is inconsistent, from a quantitative point of view, with the hypothesis that the agonist activity results from direct stimulation of histamine receptors, but all data re compatible with previous evidence which suggests that these drugs release endogenous histamine. PMID- 7288629 TI - Renal tubule transport and electrolyte effects of amiloride in the chicken. AB - By using the Sperber technique in nonanesthetized chickens, it was found that amiloride was actively secreted by the renal tubule. This active secretion could be blocked by the simultaneous infusions of the organic cations guanidine, quinine and mepiperphenidol, but not by the organic anion probenecid. This suggested that amiloride was transported by the organic cation transport system of the renal tubule. A significant part of the amiloride which bypassed the infused kidney was taken up by the peripheral tissues, resulting in a recovery of amiloride smaller than that of simultaneously infused p-aminohippurate. During the infusion of amiloride, a dose-dependent ipsilateral mild natriuresis was observed. A maximum ipsilateral antikaliuretic effect and increase in pH were found when 5 X 10(-9) mol/kg.min of amiloride were reaching the infused kidney. It is concluded that amiloride is secreted from blood to urine by the proximal tubule and exerts it natriuretic and kaliuretic effects at the luminal surface of the distal tubule. PMID- 7288631 TI - Effects of ryanodine on the ionic currents and the calcium conductance in crab muscle fibers. AB - The effects of ryanodine, a neutral alkaloid, on crab muscle fibers were investigated under voltage clamp conditions using the double sucrose-gap technique. In the presence of ryanodine, contracture develops without any membrane depolarization and the Ca-conductance variables are shifted in a hyperpolarizing direction. As a result, the Ca channels are activated at the resting potential. During the action potential, the Ca channels appear to open faster and for a longer period of time. The K currents are also modified. These different effects may be interpreted by a common mechanism related to a change of the membrane electrical field induced by increased Ca activity in the cytoplasm. PMID- 7288633 TI - Pharmacological studies of sensitized canine pulmonary blood vessels. AB - Pulmonary artery and vein from an ovalbumin sensitized canine model of allergic asthma showed hypersensitivity (leftward shift of dose-response curve) and hyper reactivity (upward shift) to histamine when compared to those from a littermate control in vitro. Dose-response studies showed that only sensitized pulmonary veins exhibited hypersensitivity, but not hyper-reactivity, to norepinephrine. However, sensitized pulmonary arteries showed neither hypersensitivity nor hyper reactivity to norepinephrine. Both sensitized and control pulmonary arteries and veins displayed no difference in serotonin dose-response curves. The Schultz-Dale reaction was only observed in the sensitized pulmonary veins; it could be blocked (25-45%) by pyrilamine maleate (10(-7) M) and (5-15%) by phentolamine (5 X 10(-6) M). We concluded that anaphylaxis develops only on the venous side of the pulmonary circulation, but that increase in sensitivity or reactivity to agonists develops in both arteries and veins. Histamine appears to be the major, but not the only, mediator released and we have obtained data to suggest it exerts its contractile effect on the muscle via both postsynaptic (directly) and presynaptic (indirectly) effects. PMID- 7288632 TI - Morphine-like action of enkephalin analog FK 33-824 on motility of the isolated rat colon. AB - Actions of the synthetic met-enkephalin analog FK 33-824 were compared to normorphine on intraluminal pressure of the isolated rat colon. Phasic and tonic contractions of isolated colonic segments in Ringer-Tyrode's solution under standard conditions were measured by intraluminal perfusion manometry. FK 33-824 or normorphine induced substantial tonic contractions of colonic muscles which lasted about 6 min. The maximum tonic contraction occurred at 10(-5) M normorphine or 10(-6) M FK 33-824. Naloxone (10(-6) M) and Mr 2266 alone or in combination inhibited competitively the tonic contraction induced by FK 33-824 with a similar potency ratio, whereas 10(-6) M norepinephrine or 10(-8) M isoproterenol inhibited it noncompetitively. Tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) counteracted tonic contractions due to FK 33-824 or normorphine in all parts of the undissected colon but only in the proximal segment of the dissected colon and enhanced it in the middle and distal colonic segment. Neither 10(-5) M atropine sulfate nor 10(-6) M methysergide interfered with the action of FK 33-824 or normorphine. FK 33-824 produced morphine-like motor actions in the isolated rat colon evidently by stimulation of opiate receptors, suggested to be located in nervous and muscular tissue in the proximal and solely in muscular tissue in the mid and distal colonic segment. The neural pathway stimulated by FK 33-824 or normorphine is not identified. The data suggest it to be noncholinergic, nonadrenergic and nonserotoninergic. PMID- 7288634 TI - Bromobenzene epoxidation leading to binding on macromolecular protein sites. AB - Bromobenzene is metabolized via the hepatic mixed-function oxygenase system to reactive intermediates; i.e., 2,3- and 3,4-bromobenzene epoxides. These metabolites presumably bind to tissue macromolecules evoking cytotoxicity. However, the specific sites of macromolecular proteins are not known and this was investigated using microsomal protein and hemoglobin. The results indicate that 2,3- and 3,4-epoxide bind to macromolecules at different rates. The 3,4-epoxide is more reactive, binding covalently to microsomal protein at the site of its synthesis, whereas bromobenzene 2,3-epoxide is more stable, leaving the microsomal protein compartment and binding covalently to soluble protein, i.e., the hemoglobin beta chain. Structural analysis with fingerprint mapping of the hemoglobin beta chain after pretreatment with cysteine and histidine blocking agents such as p-nitrophenacyl bromide, 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide and diethylprocarbonate indicated that the 2,3-epoxide preferentially binds to the cysteinyl residue, whereas the 3,4-epoxide binds to the histidinyl residue. This difference in binding of the 2,3- and 3,4-bromobenzene epoxides may be an important factor in determining the degree of their cytotoxicity. PMID- 7288635 TI - Comparative anatomy of the serotoninergic systems. AB - A brief survey of our knowledge of the morphological organization of central 5-HT neuronal systems across phylogeny has revealed the following facts: 1. The 5-HT neurons seem to have occurred early in phylogeny. These neurons are already well developed in the brain of cyclostomes (lampreys) and other primitive living vertebrates. 2. A similar pattern of topographical distribution of 5-HT cell bodies has been found in most vertebrates. These neurons are particularly abundant within the raphe region of the brain stem, whereas the catecholamine cells are more laterally located. In birds and mammals, where the 5-HT systems are strikingly well-developed, a certain degree of lateralization of the 5-HT systems has been noticed. This lead to a close intermingling of 5-HT and CA elements in these vertebrates. 3. The 5-HT neurons may act as an important informative link between the CSF and the neural tissue. In all nonmammalian vertebrates, a multitude of 5-HT cells was seen to be in direct contact with the CSF through short, club-like processes. The dense supraependymal plexus of 5-HT fibers disclosed in the rat brain could be the mammalian counterpart of these typical CSF-contacting cells. 4. The central 5-HT systems appear to be widespread and highly collateralized in all vertebrates. A single 5-HT raphe neuron may send divergent axon collaterals to various remote forebrain areas and, thus, could exert a rather diffuse influence over vast neuronal populations in all species. 5. The terminal arborizations of the 5-HT systems display patterns which are strikingly constant from one vertebrate class to another. Such a constancy in the structural organization of the 5-HT neurons strongly suggests that these neuronal systems are indeed phylogenetically ancient and subserve similar fundamental brain functions in all vertebrates. PMID- 7288637 TI - A serotoninergic system in the nodose ganglia of the cat: radioautographic studies. AB - After the in vitro incubation of the cat nodose ganglia with 3H-5-HT, the radioautographic detection of the tracer at the light microscope level shows an intense labeling over some several hundred cell bodies. By ultrastructural studies, it has been possible to detect unmyelinated fibers intensely labeled and to characterize as neurons the labeled cell bodies. These data argue for the presence of 5-HT in some peripheral vagal afferents, obviously involved in vegetative regulatory mechanisms. PMID- 7288638 TI - The fine structure of central serotonin neurons. AB - 1. Most of the current knowledge concerning the fine structure of serotonin (5 HT) neurons in mammalian CNS is derived from radioautographic studies following uptake of tritiated 5-HT in vivo. 2. (3H)5-HT-labelled perikaria and proximal dendrites have thus far been visualized ultrastructurally in nuclei raphe dorsalis, paragigantocellularis lateralis and dorsomedialis hypothalami. In none of these regions were they found to possess cytological features which would constitute a hallmark of their serotoninergic nature. 3. Most central 5-HT neurons give rise to thin and unmyelinated, albeit long and ramified axons. These innervate the entire neuraxis, issuing billions of varicose terminals along their paths. Such varicosities usually consist of small axonal enlargements (0.5-1 micrometers in diameter) containing clustered vesicular organelles. These organelles include small (15-50 nm), pleomorphic agranular vesicles and larger (50-130 nm), round or flattened dense-cored vesicles. 4. A salient feature of central 5-HT varicosities is that they often lack the junctional complexes classically considered as the morphological substrate for chemical transmission in CNS. The occurrence of synaptic specializations varies from one brain region to another. When present, synaptic contacts are generally found on dendritic branches or spines of nonserotoninergic neurons, but axo-somatic or axo-axonic synapses, as well as contacts with 5-HT elements, have also been reported. The frequency with which 5-HT varicosities establish junctional relationships may be more dependent on the territory of innervation than characteristic of any subset of 5-HT fibers or nerve cell bodies. 5. It is currently assumed that both non junctional and junctional 5-HT varicosities can release their endogenous amine upon axonal depolarization. This mode of action, which evokes that of a local neurohormone, might subtend the modulatory effects of 5-HT in the CNS. PMID- 7288636 TI - The visualization and characterization of 5HT reuptake sites in the rodent and primate hippocampus. A preliminary study. AB - The (re)uptake of 3H-5-HT was similar in hippocampal slices and synaptosomes from mice (C57BL/6), rats (Sprague DAwley), and macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). In all species, the specific uptake was both saturable and showed high affinity for 5HT. However, the reuptake capacity was higher in rodents than in monkey. In a parallel series, radioautography was performed on hippocampal slices from the 3 species. The distribution of the reuptake sites extended into all hippocampal subfields, and a preferential relationship with pyramidal and granule cells was apparent. The innervation density followed mouse greater than rat greater than monkey. The innervation of the monkey Ammon's horn was the lowest of all fields examined. This anatomical observation of a decreased density in primate Ammon's horn was biochemically tested. Dissection of hippocampus into Ammon's horn and dentate gyrus showed much lower 3H-5-HT reuptake in the former. These results suggest a progressive decline in the serotonin innervation of the vertebrate hippocampus, with Ammon's horn more vulnerable than the dentate gyrus. PMID- 7288639 TI - Ultrastructure of descending serotoninergic axonal endings in layers I and II of the dorsal horn. AB - Serotoninergic axonal endings in layers I and II of the medullary and spinal dorsal horn of the cat were ultrastructurally characterized following uptake of [3H]serotonin. The two most common types were dome-shaped endings which could be distinguished by the size and shape of their agranular synaptic vesicles. The two types of endings were found throughout layers I and II, but were most numerous in layer I. The labeled endings formed both symmetrical and asymmetrical synapses on dendritic shafts and spines, and occasionally a symmetrical synapse on a neuronal soma. Using the technique of anterograde transport of [3H]amino acid, two morphologically identical types of endings were demonstrated as originating from neurons in the caudal raphe nuclei and adjacent reticular formation. PMID- 7288640 TI - Experimental ultrastructural modifications of the content of serotoninergic supra ependymal nerve fibres in the rat. AB - 1. In this study, evidence is presented that the electron-dense dot observed in the synaptic vesicles of axonal varicosities belonging to the supra-ependymal nerve fibres (SEF) of rats is related to the serotonin content of these vesicles. 2. The size of the dense dot and the relative number of small granular vesicles (SGV) were markedly increased by intraventricular administration of serotonin as well as by acute or chronic treatment with inhibitors of monoamine oxidases. 3. Conversely, the administration of reserpine diminished the percentage of SGV, as compared to untreated animals, and prevented the formation of granules in synaptic vesicles of chronic nialamide-treated rats. 4. With respect to large granular vesicles (LGV), it was found that chronic inhibition of MAO increased their number within the varicosities, whereas reserpine administration in untreated rats resulted in their disappearance. 5. Our results strongly imply that serotonin is present in both SGV and LGV of the SEF varicosities. This conclusion is supported by some radioautographic pictures obtained after intraventricular administration of 3H-5-HT which show silver grains over both populations of vesicles. Further support was obtained by the use of the Tranzer's cytochemical method in either untreated or nialamide treated rats. This method demonstrates that the reaction specific of monoamines occurs in both types of vesicles with either treatment but that larger stores of 5 HT (larger granules) are demonstrated after inhibition of MAO. 6. It is concluded that both SGV and LGV may represent storage organelles for exogenous and endogenous 5-HT. PMID- 7288642 TI - Properties and development of peripheral serotonergic neurons. PMID- 7288641 TI - Regeneration and plasticity of central serotoninergic neurons: a review. PMID- 7288643 TI - The respective roles of tryptophan uptake and tryptophan hydroxylase in the regulation of serotonin synthesis in the central nervous system. AB - 1. The rate limiting enzyme for the synthesis of serotonin (5-HT) in brain, tryptophan hydroxylase, is not saturated under normal physiological conditions. 2. Therefore, any decrease or increase in brain tryptophan levels results in a reduction or a stimulation of 5-HT synthesis respectively. Thus, mechanisms controlling brain tryptophan levels, i.e. the concentration of free tryptophan in serum and the intrinsic activity of the tryptophan carrier in neuronal membranes, exert in fact a tonic regulation of 5-HT synthesis in central serotoninergic neurons. 3. Changes in the rate of 5-HT synthesis can also involve modifications in the intrinsic activity of tryptophan hydroxylase. This occurs in vivo following the intrastriatal injection of kainic acid and in vitro during the depolarization of brain slices. In both cases, an activation of tryptophan hydroxylase due to an increase in its apparent Vmax is detected in soluble extracts. 4. The depolarization-induced activation of tryptophan hydroxylase in brain slices very likely involves a Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation process. 5. Rapid changes in tryptophan hydroxylase activity produced by a phosphorylation dephosphorylation process may be involved in the phasic regulation of 5-HT synthesis in serotoninergic neurons. PMID- 7288644 TI - Mouse midbrain tryptophan hydroxylase: strain differences in variational properties. AB - Biochemical studies of kinetic conformations and assessment of statistical patterns of variation around mean velocity slopes were used to characterize midbrain tryptophan hydroxylase (TPOH) from two behaviorally different mouse strains, C57B1/6J and A/J. The data suggest that the two strains manifest forms of TPOH with different stabilities and regulatory properties. PMID- 7288645 TI - Intracellular proteins that bind serotonin in neurons, paraneurons and platelets. AB - 1. Properties of serotonin binding proteins (SBP) extracted from neuroectodermal derivatives (brain, myenteric plexus, thyroid parafollicular cells) were found to differ from serotonin binding proteins extracted from cells of mesodermal (platelets) or entodermal (intestinal mucosa) origin. 2. Serotonin binding proteins extracted from brain, myenteric plexus, and thyroid parafollicular cells all had similar properties. 3. Binding of tritiated serotonin to serotonin binding protein is inhibited by a drug that interferes with intracellular storage of serotonin (reserpine) or by exposing the protein to extracellular salt concentrations (Krebs solution). 4. It is proposed that serotonin binding protein is a neuron-specific storage protein for serotonin that serves to decrease intravesicular osmotic pressure, and that serotonin dissociates from a complex with the protein when the lumen of synaptic vesicles is exposed to extracellular fluid at the time of exocytosis. PMID- 7288646 TI - Control of 5-HT release in the caudate nucleus and the substantia nigra of the cat. AB - The release of 3H-5-HT newly synthesized from 3H-tryptophan was measured in the caudate nucleus (CN), the substantia nigra (SN) and the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) of cats slightly anaesthetized with halothane. It was observed that: 1. 3H-5-HT release was 2.5 and 3.2 times higher in the DR than in the SN and the CN respectively; 2. Cooling (0 degrees C) of the DR by the use of a cryoelectrode resulted in a decrease in 3H-5-HT release in both the CN and SN; 3. Application of 5-HT (10(-7) M) into the DR induced a local increase in 3H-5-HT release, while decreasing 3H-5-HT release in the CN and SN; 4. Conversely, the blockade of 5-HT receptors in the DR by metergoline (10(-6) M) decreased the local release of 3H-5 HT and increased 3H-5-HT release in the CN. No effect was observed in the SN. These results suggest that 5-HT releases into the DR may control the activity of serotoninergic neurons. PMID- 7288647 TI - Serotonin neurotoxins: recent advances in the mode of administration and molecular mechanism of action. AB - 1. Slow infusion of 5,7-DHT into the left lateral ventricle of nomifensine pretreated, pentobarbitone anaesthetized rats produces moderate, asymmetric regional forebrain 5-HT depletions 24 h after the injection; rapid pulse injection of 5,7-DHT results in more extensive and almost symmetric 5-HT reductions. By the eighth day, both injection procedures cause a comparable pattern of 5-HT depletion throughout the CNS. RAdioactivity distribution patterns (following 14C-5,7-DHT) correlate with the characteristics of 5-HT depletions. The type of anaesthetic used (pentobarbitone; pentobarbitone plus ketamine; ether) has little, if any, influence on the long-term 5-HT reductions in the rat CNS. 2. In forebrain regions, near the ventricle, nomifensine does not totally protect catecholamine fibre systems when pentobarbitone is used as the anaesthetic. However, optimum selectivity is provided by a combination of DMI and nomifensine in animals anaesthetized with a combination of pentobarbitone and ketamine. 3. Reaction of 5,6- and 5,7-DHT with oxygen is essential for these drugs to act as neurotoxins. Both drugs interact with the electron transfer chain of mitochondria (at the site of complex III) resulting in accelerated formation of reactive quinoidal intermediates. Metabolism of 5,7-DHT by MAO contributes to the overall in vivo neurotoxicity of this m-substituted dihydroxytryptamine. PMID- 7288648 TI - Comparison of brain serotoninergic systems in C57BL and BALBc mice during development. AB - Adult C57BL and BALBc mice will exhibit differences in behaviour and in their sleep patterns which may be correlated with monoamine content. In this study, we measured the endogenous levels of serotonin (5-HT), tryptophan (TRP), 5 hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) in the forebrain and hindbrain regions of these strains of mice from day 1 to 12 weeks of age. Using the micropunch technique and a radioenzymatic method, we also determined the endogenous 5-HT levels in the nuclei raphe dorsalis, centralis, magnus-pallidus and obscurus. During development, NA levels in the brain stem are higher in the C57BL than in the BALBc mice. From 5 weeks of age onwards, the levels of 5-HT, DA and NA in the forebrain are also higher in the C57BL mice. However, no differences in 5-Ht and DA content was found for the brain stems of these two strains. When the 5-HT levels in the different raphe nuclei were analyzed, the nucleus raphe dorsalis of the BALBc showed a higher 5-HT content. PMID- 7288649 TI - Electrochemical monitoring of 5-hydroxytryptamine release in vitro and related in vivo measurements of indoleamines. AB - 1. Electrochemical techniques have been used to measure release of endogenous 5HT from brain regions in vitro and to record electrochemical changes induced by drugs acting on 5HT neurones in the anaesthetised and unanaesthetised rat in vivo. 2. 5HT release in vitro was observed in all regions studied. The highest level of basal release was observed in the nucleus accumbens/septal region and hypothalamus and the lowest in the striatum. 3. High potassium (55 mM) increased release of 5HT in all regions, where their basal release was observed. 5HT release was also increased by p-chloroamphetamine (1-10 microM). 4. In rats anaesthetised with pentobarbitone, three electrochemical peaks were observed in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex at + 0.12 V, +0.2 V and + 0.35 V using a micro-graphite paste electrode and differential pulse voltammetry. 5. The peak at + 0.12 V was increased by micro-infusion of ascorbic acid (5 X 10(-6) M) and that at + 0.35 V by micro-infusion of 5HT (5 X 10(-6) M) and 5 hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA) (5 X 10(-6) M). 6. p-Chlorophenylalanine (2 X 150 mg/kg) caused the loss of the peak at + 0.35 V. Fenfluramine (10 mg/kg) also decreased the peak at + 0.35 V. 7. The results indicate the validity of the in vitro technique and demonstrate the future potential of the in vivo method, though further studies are needed to determine the precise chemical nature of the changes in oxidation following administration of drugs acting on 5HT neurones. PMID- 7288650 TI - Serotoninergic receptors in brain tissue: properties and identification of various 3H-ligand binding sites in vitro. AB - In vitro binding studies to serotoninergic receptors were performed using 3H-LSD, 3H-5-HT and 3H-spiperone. An overview is given on findings using these three ligands with respect to the following: (1) Localization of specific binding sites, i.e., in various animal species, the regional distribution in the brain and periphery, the subcellular and cellular distribution. (2) Properties of the binding sites, i.e., influence of the composition of the assay medium, binding kinetic properties, receptor regulation in vivo. (3) Identity of the binding sites, i.e., differences between sites for various 3H-ligands, pharmacological specificity of the membranous binding sites, chemical composition of the macromolecular complex constituting the binding site. (4) Function of the receptor. Binding affinities of 44 compounds were measured in binding assays using 3H-spiperone and 3H-LSD with rat frontal cortex membrane preparations and using 3H-5-HT and 3H-LSD with rat hippocampal membrane preparations. A significant correlation between binding affinities for 3H-LSD and 3H-spiperone binding sites in the frontal cortex was found. Binding to these sites correlates with potencies of compounds to antagonize 5-HT-induced contraction in isolated rat caudal arteries and also with potencies of compounds to antagonize tryptamine induced clonic seizures in rats. There was a very significant correlation between binding affinities for 3H-LSD and 3H-5-HT labelled sites in the hippocampus. These hippocampal binding sites are different from those for 3H-LSD and 3H spiperone in the frontal cortex. Binding to 3H-5-HT or 3H-LSD sites in the hippocampus could not be related to a pharmacological effect. PMID- 7288651 TI - [Increase in binding affinity of the 5-HT receptor and decrease in 5-HT sensitive adenylate cyclase activity following prolonged exposure to 5-HT (author's transl)]. AB - Previously, a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor has been described in neuronal membrane preparations. This receptor corresponds to a recognition site for 5-HT, and is seemingly related to an effector which consists of an adenylate cyclase activated by 5-HT and having a high apparent affinity constant (KD close to 1 nM). Moreover, this neuronal receptor is distinct of the glial serotoninergic receptor (Fillion et al., 1980). The method used to measure the binding of 3H-5 HT has been previously reported (FILLION et al., 1978). Adenylate cyclase activity was determined by measurement of cAMP using a radioimmunoassay (FILLION et al., 1979 a, b). Membranes were pretreated as follows: (1) membranes were preexposed to 5-HT (i.e.: incubated in the presence of 5-HT, generally 10 nM) at 37 degrees C, washed by centrifugation and resuspended in a medium free of 5-HT (or diluted in the same medium) or (2) membranes were incubated with a single concentration of 5-HT for a prolonged duration. Results were as follows: 1. The binding of 3H-5-HT, incubated for 10 min at 37 degrees C, corresponds to a KD close to 20 nM whereas a prolongation of the incubation duration to 15-25 induces the binding of 5-HT with a KD close to 2 nM. 2. Preexposure of the membranes to 5 HT leads to the same increase in affinity with, apparently, a reduced number of sites. 3. N-ethylmaleimide pretreatment of the membranes prior to their preexposure to 5-HT inhibits the change in affinity. 4. GTP, but not GDP, reverses the affinity change. 5. The adenylate cyclase activated by 5-HT is desensitized by preexposure of the membranes to 5-HT. 6. GTP reverses the process of desensitization. These results support the hypothesis of the existence of a regulatory mechanism for the 5-HT neuronal receptor. The regulatory mechanism would involve structural conformation changes of the recognition site corresponding to different affinities of the adenylate cyclase. A nucleotide binding protein is presumably involved in the coupling of these two subunits of the receptor. PMID- 7288653 TI - Regional differences in neuronal responses to 5-HT: intracellular studies in hippocampal slices. AB - 1. Intracellular recordings were obtained from cells in the regions CA1, CA3 and the dentate gyrus (DG) of rat hippocampal slices. 2. Topical application of 5-HT induced a 2-10 mV hyperpolarization in all cells tested. 3. The hyperpolarization was accompanied by a marked reduction in input resistance in CA1 and DG cells, but by a much smaller resistance change in CA3 cells. 4. These effects of 5-HT were not abolished by tetrodotoxin. 5. It is suggested that 5-HT causes an increase in K+ conductance in regions CA1 and DG and that this results in hyperpolarization. A different mechanism might be activated by 5-HT in cells of the CA3 region. PMID- 7288654 TI - Action of 5-hydroxytryptamine on granule cells in the rat hippocampal slice. AB - 1. The action of iontophoretic applications of 5HT on granule cells of the dentate gyrus was studied in the rat hippocampal slice with intracellular electrodes. 2. The inhibition produced by 5HT was accompanied by a depolarization of the membrane and a substantial decrease in input resistance. 3. 5HT was only inhibitory when applied close to the soma and had no effect when applied to the dendritic region of the cell. 4. The reversal potential for the 5HT response was estimated to be 15.5 +/- 6 mV depolarizing with respect to resting membrane potential; increasing intracellular Cl- shifted the reversal potential to a more positive value. 5. Equipotent applications of GABA applied from adjacent barrels of the same multibarrel electrode evoked similar responses with an identical equilibrium potential. PMID- 7288652 TI - Multiple 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine binding sites in rat brain. AB - 1. The effects of spiperone on 3H-5-HT binding to membranes prepared from rat diencephalon and lower brain stem were studied for comparison with telencephalic structures. 2. The neuroleptic spiperone produced shallow, complex inhibition curves of 3H-5-HT binding in the non-telencephalic areas, suggesting the presence of different types of high-affinity 3H-5-HT binding sites. However, the shape of the curves from the non-telencephalic areas differed from those of telencephalic regions. For example, there was a tendency for low concentrations of spiperone to cause an increase in binding in the diencephalon and lower brain stem rather than a decrease as seen in telencephalic areas. 3. In a search for other compounds which, like spiperone, could discriminate between the different types of 3H-5-HT binding sites in rat telencephalon, it was found that most drugs show little difference in their affinities for the two sites. However, one compound, AHR 1709B, was found to be about 10 times more potent in rat frontal cortex than corpus striatum, indicating that it can differentially recognize the two binding sites. 4. These results are consistent with the existence of multiple types of 3H 5-HT binding sites in the rat brain, and they define regional differences that had not previously been described. In addition, a new compound which can discriminate between different types of 3H-5-HT binding sites has been found, leading the way to the study of a series of new drugs which may selectively alter serotoninergic function. PMID- 7288655 TI - [Involvement of serotoninergic mechanisms in the circling behaviour induced by apomorphine and LSD 25 in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Studies with selective lesions of cerebral structures have revealed the involvement of serotonin in sleep and wakefulness. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of serotonin remain obscure. An appreciation of the interrelationships between serotonin and other transmitter systems might lead to a better understanding of the functions subserved by serotonin. A serotoninergic projection from the median raphe nucleus to dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra has been reported. We have therefore investigated the possible influence of the raphe system on the nigro striatal dopamine pathway in the rat using the "turning" model described by UNGERSTEDT (1971). An unilateral lesion in the median raphe nucleus induces contralateral turning similar to that observed following apomorphine administration to rats with a unilaterally degenerated nigro striatal pathway. Similarly, unilateral application of 2.5 micrograms of LSD 25 to the median raphe nucleus of normal rats also provokes contralateral turning. On the other hand, unilateral injection of LSD 25 into the zona compacta of the substantia nigra induces turning ipsilateral to the site of injection. The above results, and also those from several experiments in which apomorphine or LSD 25 was applied systematically, suggest that serotonin neurons in the median raphe nucleus exert an inhibitory influence on the dopaminergic nigro striatal system. These studies demonstrate that the serotoninergic median raphe system, in addition to its involvement in sleep and wakefulness, also exerts an important influence on motor functions. PMID- 7288656 TI - [Effects of intraventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on monoamines and sleep in the kitten (author's transl)]. AB - Intraventricular injections of 5,7-DHT (.15 mg/g of brain weight) were performed in kittens aged 5 or 30 days. The neurotoxin induced a significant decrease of 5 HT and NA levels in the forebrain in both age groups, whereas a slight increase of each amine was observed respectively in the raphe and lateral brain stem of the younger group (Fig. 1). Pretreatment with desmethylimipramine (20 mg/kg I.P.) resulted in a protection of the noradrenergic system from the neurotoxin (Fig. 2). From the neurophysiological standpoint, 5,7-DHT induced a major paradoxical sleep (PS) insomnia in the one-month-old group, whereas no alteration of PS was observed in the younger group (Fig. 3). The DMI pre-treatment did not modify these results. The hypothesis of brain stem sprouting is discussed, and it is concluded that the serotoninergic system does not mediate the sleep regulation in the early post-natal period. PMID- 7288659 TI - Release of norepinephrine and serotonin in cat spinal cord: direct in vivo evidence for the activation of descending monoamine pathways by somatic stimulation. AB - We sought to examine the likelihood that somatic input into the central nervous system might serve to release serotonin and noradrenaline into the cat spinal superfusate. In these experiments, the lumbar spinal cord of the chloralose urethanized cat was superfused with a concentric polyethylene catheter. Resting levels of serotonin and noradrenaline were on the order of 0.5 and 0.3 ng/ml, respectively. Following bilateral stimulation of the sciatic nerve at intensities which produced no change in pupil size or blood pressure, there was no change in the resting levels of serotonin and noradrenaline. In contrast, stimulation of the sciatic nerve at intensities which evoked elevations in pupil size and blood pressure, an approximate 3-fold increase in the levels of either monoamine was noted during the interval of stimulation. In other experiments, elevations of blood pressure by intravenous infusion of vasoxyl failed to produce significant changes in the levels of serotonin and noradrenaline in the spinal superfusates. These results suggest that the activation of small diameter, peripheral somatic, afferents activates descending monoamine pathways. One consequence of this activation, as predicted by the effects of the intrathecal administration of these monoamines, would be to modulate the processing of nociceptive information. PMID- 7288657 TI - Behavioral and physiological correlates of brain serotoninergic unit activity. AB - Raphe unit activity in rats and cats displays a slow and regular discharge pattern across a variety of situations. The activity is, however, state dependent, displaying a marked reduction during slow wave sleep and almost complete quiescence during REM sleep. Other than the level of synaptic serotonin, very little is known about the physiological variables affecting these neurons. Behaviorally, raphe neuron activity is correlated with arousal or tonic motor activity, and appears to be driven by phasic afferent input. It is hypothesized that these neurons exert a general modulatory role upon physiology and behavior. PMID- 7288658 TI - Serotoninergic control of punished behavior: effects of intra-raphe microinjections of chlordiazepoxide, GABA and 5-HT on behavioral suppression in rats. AB - The effects of intra dorsalis raphe microinjections of chlordiazepoxide, GABA and 5-HT were studied on a model of behavioral suppression in rats. The suppression of responding for food was elicited by a 10 min presentation of a signal previously associated with the delivery of electric foot shocks. Microinjections of chlordiazepoxide, GABA and 5-HT (0.2 microliters) performed in awake hand-held rats reduced the behavioral suppression. Chlordiazepoxide and 5-HT acted in a synergistic way, while such a synergy could not be obtained when chlordiazepoxide and GABA were coadministered. Moreover, the effects of intra-raphe chloridazepoxide no longer appeared in rats given intra dorsalis raphe 5-7 dihydroxytryptamine (3 micrograms in 0.4 microliters) 3 weeks before testing. All these results further support the hypothesis of the involvement of 5-HT neurons both in punishment-induced inhibition and in the antipunishment activity of benzodiazepines. No evidence was obtained suggesting a GABAergic mediation for the functional interaction of chlordiazepoxide with 5-HT neurons in this experimental model. Since high 3H-flunitrazepam binding was found at the raphe dorsalis level, and since a 30% decrease in the number of intra-raphe 3H flunitrazepam binding sites was detected after intra-raphe 5-7 dihydroxytryptamine, it is possible that intra-raphe chlordiazepoxide controls 5 HT neurons partly through some benzodiazepine binding sites located on 5-HT cells. PMID- 7288660 TI - Serotonin and the regulation of pituitary hormone secretion and of neuroendocrine rhythms. AB - The importance of 5-HT synaptic transmission for induced or cyclic activation of pituitary secretion now seems widely agreed upon. Raphe structures, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and, hypothetically, identified mesencephalic 5-HT containing neurons can be assumed to represent parts of the neuronal circuitry of a central clock which synchronizes neuroendocrine rhythms. Cyclic input from the pineal gland may also be involved, though the meaning of this has not yet been clearly established. The primary role of the transmitter may be to modulate transmission to neurosecretory neurons at the output of this clock. This modulation is not hormone-specific and affects, simultaneously, several endocrine functions. 5-HT has also been shown to facilitate the pituitary response to discrete neuroendocrine reflexes, such as the suckling-induced release of prolactin. 5-HT interactions with hormone control provide a good illustration of the neuromodulatory role of the amine. PMID- 7288661 TI - Enhancement of osmotic thirst elicited by electric stimulation of the limbic system in dogs. AB - Seven dogs were chronically implanted with 30 electrodes directed at various structures of the basal forebrain. Osmotic thirst threshold (expressed as an increase in plasma osmolality and a decrease in cellular water content caused by an intravenous infusion of 5% NaCl, necessary to induce drinking) was measured during electric stimulation of the basal forebrain and compared to that found under control conditions. Stimulation through 11 electrodes located in the lateral part of the septum (5 locations) and other parts of the limbic system markedly decreased the osmotic thirst threshold. The increment in plasma osmolality necessary to elicit drinking decreased from 9.7 +/- 1.3 to 4.8 +/- 1.2 mmol/kg (n = 11). The volume of water drunk at the thirst threshold did not differ significantly. A significant augmentation of the volume of water drunk during 1 h following infusion of hypertonic saline was observed when the infusion was combined with stimulation of the gyrus rectus, precommissural septum and nucleus accumbens. These and previous results (SZCZEPANSKA-SADOWSKA et al., 1979) suggest that the limbic system of the basal forebrain exerts both excitatory and inhibitory influences on the thirst system. The prolonged poststimulatory overdrinking indicates that enhancement of osmotic thirst cannot be entirely explained by an immediate action of the stimulating current on the neurons of the thirst system. PMID- 7288662 TI - [Hydrolysis and intestinal absorption of phosphatidylcholine on pancreatic fistula rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288664 TI - Determination of left ventricular heat production in working dog heart. AB - 1 degree Total left ventricular heat production was reliably estimated from the coronary blood flow, the coronary arteriovenous thermal difference and the thermodilution curve areas recorded in aortic root and in coronary sinus after injection of cold glucose solution into the left ventricular cavity. The assumption was made that the distribution of a cold solution, purposely introduced into the coronary arteries, obeys the same law as the heat generated by the myocardium. 2 degrees Temperature measurements were achieved with thermistors and a linear ohmmeter. Experiments were performed on thoracotomized dogs, allowing the utilization of an ultrasonic method for determination of the entire coronary sinus blood flow diverted through a cannula positioned in the coronary sinus. The spontaneous changes in acid-base balance and hemodynamic state, which were not systematically avoided, provided a fairly large interval of variation for coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption. 3 degrees Within the power interval of 0.5-2.2 watts per 100 g of left ventricular weight, there was a good linear correlation between left ventricular oxygen consumption and the sum of left ventricular heat production and external pressure power. 4 degrees These results suggest that the proposed method is a valuable approach for determination of the cardiac energetics in the in situ working heart. This method permitted repeated determinations of left myocardial heat production and may lead to a practical approach for measuring the left ventricular efficiency in intact animals. PMID- 7288663 TI - The electrogenic Na-Ca exchange and the cardiac electrical activity. I- Simulation on Purkinje fibre action potential. AB - 1. The effects of the current (iex) generated by the Na-Ca exchange mechanism have been investigated on the electrical activity of a cardiac cell using the model of MC ALLISTER et al. (1975) for the Purkinje fibre action potential (AP). 2. The reversal potential and the steady-state value of iex were described by the same equations as for the squid axon (MULLINS, 1976). The maximal intensity and the time constant of iex were extrapolated from experiments using frog hearts. 3. A compact program written with the Adams method in Fortran IV (PLANT, 1979) allowed a minicomputer to be used. 4. The addition of iex to the previous model induced a prolongation of the AP and a reduction of the duration of the diastolic phase. 5. Increasing the maximal steady-state amplitude of iex may lead to early after depolarizations and oscillatory behaviour. These effects can be prevented by adequate changes in the amplitude of some potassium outward currents. 6. It is concluded that : (i) alterations of the Na-Ca exchange, e.g., by cellular Na loading, should induce variations of both AP repolarization and diastolic phase durations and, consequently, alter the beating rate ; (ii) iex could interfere with the outward currents whose characteristics should be reconsidered. PMID- 7288665 TI - [Multiunit activity from various levels of the olfactory pathways in unrestrained rats : Correlated responses from the olfactory bulb and basal telencephalic areas. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288666 TI - [Short-term effects of brain stimuli on activities of efferent respiratory nerves in cats. I. Responses to cortical stimulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288667 TI - [Short-term effects of brain electrical stimuli on activities of the efferent respiratory nerves in cats. II. Responses to sub-cortical stimulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288669 TI - Progesterone and insulin resistance. III. Time-course study of progesterone action on differentially labelled 14C-glucose utilization by adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes of the female rat. AB - Progesterone action on glucose metabolism was evaluated on parametrial fat pads and on isolated adipocytes using glucose labelled on C1, C2 and C6, (1) The steroid decreased the pentose cycle, but had no effect on the krebs cycle as judged by the C5/C1 ratio. (2) The radiorespirometric method, in combination with appropriately labelled glucose, demonstrated a rapid in vitro effect of progesterone on oxidation of (1-14C)-glucose. This finding suggest that progesterone acts on the glucose metabolism of the adipose tissue by a non classical mechanism of steroid hormone action. PMID- 7288670 TI - [Body sway stabilization induced during periodic saccades (author's transl)]. AB - Periodic saccadic eye movement has been known to cause a reduction of the body sway while standing upright in man. Then, it was studied that under what experimental conditions such a well-balanced posture could be obtained; with special references to antigravity muscle activity of the lower leg, saccades in the dark, and saccade size and frequency. Body sway was measured as the antero posterior deviation of the center of gravity. EOG (electro-oculogram) and EMG of soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles were simultaneously recorded. The results were as follws: 1) The sway reduction was observed during periodic saccades performed in frequency higher than 0.2 Hz at 30 degrees, in amplitude greater than 5 degrees at 0.5 Hz and in duration longer than a few seconds without direction specificity. 2) The effect of saccades on the body sway was classified into three types, each of which was specific to the subject. In type I and II the reduction of the body sway occurred for the component of 0.2-0.4 Hz. The sway reduction was accompanied with the increase in activity of soleus and gastrocnemius. The sway reduction was also accompanied with a forward shift of the body position in type I, but not in type II. Type III showed active discharges in soleus and gastrocnemius before saccades, suggesting that the body was being already inclined during fixation of eyes. In this type no sway reduction and no continuous shift of the body position were observed. 3) The sway reduction was observed also during periodic, voluntary rapid eye movement in complete darkness. 4) Continuous eye rotation in either direction did not affect the body sway. These results suggest that some neural activty related to the saccade may flow in the extrapyramidal system, raised the activity of triceps surae muscle directly or indirectly and stabilize the standing posture. PMID- 7288672 TI - The 58th Annual Meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan. April 1-3, 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7288671 TI - [Physiological beat-to-beat variation of heart rates in normal unrestrained rabbits for 24 hours]. AB - In 18 freely moving rabbits, R-R interval histograms, each of which included average value of 336,000 heart beats per day, were analyzed by means of long-term continuous recording of ECG. The mean heart rate of the day was 233 +/- 4 (SE) cpm and the coefficient of variation was 12.0 +/- 0.8 (SE)%. When the mean heart rate of the day increased, its coefficient of variation decreased proportionally (p less than 0.01). Not all the histograms resembled the normal distribution in contour as some of them apparently skewed to the side of tachycardia or bradycardia. The averaged heart rate of 18 rabbits showed such a circadian rhythm as it became tachycardia in the day while bradycardia at midnight. These results suggested the daily physiological rhythm in heart rates was controlled with the variation around the time varying mean heart rate, rather then by simple shortening or elongation of the cardiac cycles (i.e., "chronotrope"). PMID- 7288668 TI - [Short-term effects of brain electrical stimuli on the activity of the medullary respiratory neurones in cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288673 TI - British delinquents and nondelinquents on seven domains of the self-concept. AB - British male delinquents (n = 90) were compared with their nondelinquent counterparts (n = 12) in terms of scores on seven socialization-related domains of the self-concept. Ss were subgrouped according to both social class and "openness" of delinquent institution. The hypothesis that delinquents would have poorer self-concepts than nondelinquents was strongly supported with respect to five of the seven domains. Regarding the remaining two domains, the hypothesis was only partially supported. Delinquents from the most "closed" or security conscious of the institutions were found to value their physical selves more than did the other subgroups, while also tending more, in terms of self-criticism, toward pathological defenselessness. PMID- 7288678 TI - Behaviorally-induced cardiovascular reactivity among sons of reported hypertensive normotensive parents. PMID- 7288674 TI - Evaluation of publicity concerning a mental health center. AB - If a community mental health center decides that the public is not sufficiently aware of its services, efforts to increase community visibility can be made. In this study, a random telephone survey of a community indicated that about 44% of the respondents had heard of the mental health center's parent agency. After the survey, a series of public service announcements about mental health appeared in the local newspaper during a four-week period. A postpublicity survey revealed that the campaign did not significantly penetrate the population and increase community awareness of the mental health center or significantly improve attitudes toward it. PMID- 7288677 TI - The relationship of stress and coping ability to incidence of diseases and accidents. PMID- 7288675 TI - Self-esteem discrepancies and depression. AB - This study examines the relationship between self-esteem discrepancies and depression in a long-term intimate relationship. It was hypothesized that depression is associated with discrepancies between married partner's self appraisals, their perceptions of their spouses' appraisal of them, and their spouses' actual appraisal of them. Questions administered to 333 married couples (666 subjects) measured the three components of the self and depression. Absolute discrepancies were then correlated with depression. The findings provided support for the hypothesis. PMID- 7288676 TI - Contingency management in the treatment of adolescent alcohol drinking problems. AB - Three case studies demonstrated that social and monetary reinforcement for abstinence reduced the rate of excessive alcohol drinking in adolescents. The self-monitoring and extrinsic reinforcement procedures (ABA reversal design) resulted in complete abstinence in a 15-year-old boy with a 10-year history of excessive alcohol abuse and hospitalization for an alcohol-induced psychosis. In the cases of the 13-year-old and 15-year-old girls with extensive alcohol abuse histories, the behavioral interventions decreased the rate of alcohol consumption during treatment phases, but alcohol abuse increased markedly with the removal of the intervention procedures. PMID- 7288679 TI - Psychophysiological investigation of muscle-contraction and migraine headache. PMID- 7288681 TI - Predicting dietary non-compliance of patients on intermittent haemodialysis. PMID- 7288680 TI - Migraine symptoms on the Waters Headache Questionnaire: a statistical analysis. PMID- 7288682 TI - The role of neuroticism in relation to life stress and illness. PMID- 7288683 TI - Problems of internal consistency and scaling in life event schedules. PMID- 7288684 TI - Management of carcinoma of oesophagus: art or science? PMID- 7288685 TI - Colonoscopy in the detection of polyps of the large bowel. PMID- 7288686 TI - The treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. 20-year experience. PMID- 7288687 TI - Severed limbs: the reattachment of major segments. PMID- 7288689 TI - Iliac vessel injury complicating lumbar laminectomy. PMID- 7288688 TI - Maffucci's syndrome with fibroadenomas of the breasts. PMID- 7288690 TI - Thoracic spine injuries with spinal cord damage. PMID- 7288692 TI - Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of amputation level. PMID- 7288693 TI - Fractures of the radial head: a long-term follow-up. PMID- 7288696 TI - Lord's procedure for the treatment of haemorrhoids: a long-term follow-up. PMID- 7288695 TI - Blood loss with knee joint replacement. PMID- 7288697 TI - Pancreatic cystadenoma. PMID- 7288691 TI - Total body water in malnourished infants after surgical treatment. PMID- 7288694 TI - Polyvinyl alcohol sponge rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse. PMID- 7288701 TI - Determinations of organ or tissue doses to survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. PMID- 7288698 TI - Diffuse benign peritoneal mesothelioma. PMID- 7288700 TI - Behavior of Plutonium and Americium in soils. PMID- 7288703 TI - Adenine-N-oxide produced from adenine with gamma-rays and its binding to SH protein. PMID- 7288699 TI - Ineffectiveness of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine in increasing survival of mice after gamma irradiation either alone or in combination with 2-aminoethyl isothiuronium bromide hydrobromide. PMID- 7288705 TI - Sensitization of Micrococcus radiophilus to gamma-rays by postirradiation incubation with chloramphenicol or a nonpermissive temperature. PMID- 7288706 TI - Gamma-ray irradiation of the sperm of the fish Oryzias latipes and induction of gynogenesis. PMID- 7288702 TI - Effects of tritiated water ingestion on mice: I. Hexokinase activity changes in brain and liver. PMID- 7288707 TI - Photoreactivity of chlorpromazine with native DNA in an aqueous solution. PMID- 7288704 TI - Effects of cell concentrations plate post-irradiation on survivals of cultured mammalian cells. PMID- 7288708 TI - Physical basis of RF hyperthermia for cancer therapy (2) measurement of distribution of absorbed power from radiofrequency exposure in agar phantom. PMID- 7288709 TI - Stimulation and support of haemopoietic stem cell proliferation by irradiated stroma cell colonies in bone marrow cell culture in vitro. PMID- 7288711 TI - Effects of ionizing radiation on the early development of Oryzias eggs. PMID- 7288712 TI - Characteristics of fall-out plutonium in soil. PMID- 7288713 TI - Activity ratios of 241Pu/239+240Pu and 238Pu/239+240Pu in fall-out samples collected in the period of 1961-1968. PMID- 7288710 TI - Alterations in molecular size of messenger RNA from ultraviolet-irradiated T-4 phage. PMID- 7288714 TI - Germ cell population dynamics in the adult male Indian desert gerbil exposed to internal beta-irradiation. PMID- 7288715 TI - Aspects of environmental radiation and dosimetry concerning the high background radiation area in China. PMID- 7288716 TI - Effect of Co-60 external irradiation on the active testes of house sparrow, Passer domesticus (linnaeus) I. Histopathological studies. PMID- 7288717 TI - Estimations of population doses and risk estimates from occupational exposures in Japan, 1978 Part 1. Determinations of organ or tissue doses and effective dose equivalents. PMID- 7288718 TI - Estimations of population doses and risk estimates from occupational exposures in Japan, 1978 Part 2. Population doses and risk estimates. PMID- 7288719 TI - Accumulation of tritium in aquatic organisms through a food chain with three trophic levels. PMID- 7288720 TI - Physical basis of RF hyperthermia for cancer therapy (3). A non-perturbed and non perturbing thermometer at RF heating. PMID- 7288721 TI - Dose-rate effects on lymphocyte survival. PMID- 7288723 TI - [Radiological patterns of truncus arteriosus on X-ray plain film (author's transl)]. AB - Fifteen cases of truncus arteriosus have been studied on frontal and lateral views of thoracic X-ray plain film in infants and children. In infants (12 radiological records), the left middle segment is concave or straight, mainly at the lower part and this pattern is typical if associated with an active pulmonary hypervasculature. Cases without marked pulmonary hypervasculature are very difficult to diagnose. On 7 lateral X-ray films we noted three patterns of empty retrosternal space which were visible at birth. In children from 2 to 6 years, a pattern of cardiomegaly with right aortic arch and pulmonary hypervasculature is very typical. In children older than 6 years, we noted a typical Eisenmenger syndrome. The pattern of empty retrosternal space was marked. In our experience, association of right aortic arch with pulmonary hypervasculature is very typical. PMID- 7288724 TI - [Achilles tendon lesions. An unexpected application of mammography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288722 TI - [Diagnostic value of the CT scan in suppurative abdominal lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Computed tomography, a relatively non-aggressive method of radiological investigation, can establish diagnosis, and, more particularly, define the site of suppurative lesions in the peritoneal cavity, the retroperitoneal space, and in solid organs (liver, kidneys, spleen). This method was employed to explore the abdomen in 52 patients. Intraperitoneal suppurations were diagnosed in 15 cases after demonstration of a low density mass, which may contain clear pockets of gas or be limited by a higher density wall. In 4 cases, a retroperitoneal lesion was detected (psoas or perinephric abscess). A parenchymatous abscess was present in 6 cases, 4 in the liver, one in the kidneys, and one in the spleen. Using the angioscan technique, after a bolus injection of an iodised contrast medium, improved definition of the limits of the abscess can be obtained. Differential diagnosis of intraperitoneal suppurative lesions in cases of developing haematomas, or in the presence of an intrahepatic abscess, which may be confused with necrotic metastases or post-traumatic ischaemic foci, may be difficult. PMID- 7288725 TI - [Value of a new projection during weight-bearing (Larroque) for studying disorders of the anterior part of the foot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288727 TI - [Arteriovenous fistula of the spleen revealed by ascites and profuse diarrhea. A case report including ultrasonography and arteriography findings (author's transl)]. AB - Abdominal pain, ascites and diarrhea revealed acute portal hypertension in a young woman. Ultrasonography and angiography demonstrated the causative congenital arterio-venous fistula of the splenic vessels. Surgery was successfully performed. PMID- 7288728 TI - [Atypical appearance of arachnoiditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288726 TI - [Horizontal beam external total 3/4 projection of the foot during weight-bearing (author's transl)]. AB - A method for radiological examination of the supporting areas of the anterior part of the foot employs a horizontal beam external total 3/4 projection as a complement to clinical and podoscopic investigations. This radiograph, which cannot effectively assess the condition of the talometatarsal joint, more clearly visualized on a Guntz film, can however provide more precise information on the state of the plantar pad and the level of the anterior bone pillars. These are normally disposed at an equal distance of approximately 10 mm from the ground. In cases with localised anomalies in the supporting areas, either from increased or decreased pressure, the corresponding modifications in the metatarsal heads are apparently more clearly visible in the Guntz film. The projection proposed enables study of anterior supporting areas when dorsal extension of the toes is impossible (hallux rigidus, metatarsophalyngeal arthrodesis). Finally, study of these films supplies data on the posterior bone pillars, the calcaneum, and styloid of the 5th metatarsal, which, together with the anterior supports, form the seven bone pillars of the foot. For the internal arch and the crown of the astralgus vault, the film shows the head of the astralgus, the tarsal sinus, and the posterior subastralgus joint. PMID- 7288729 TI - [Trapped popliteal artery. Early diagnosis by dynamic tests during arteriography (author's transl)]. AB - An extrinsic functional stenosis was detected in the contralateral popliteal artery during follow-up arteriography in a patient operated upon for a thrombosed trapped popliteal artery. The value of dynamic tests of plantar flexion against resistance with the knee extended, in a conscious patient, is stressed. A recently available contrast medium enables arteriography of the lower limbs to be conducted without a general anaesthetic. Since writing this report, the authors have explored a type II bilateral form of trapped popliteal artery in a 35-year old man, in whom the diagnosis was determined mainly from dynamic films. PMID- 7288730 TI - [Rare tumor of naso-pharynx. Extra-osseous osteochondroma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288731 TI - [Small bowel obstruction induced by a I.U.C.D. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288734 TI - [Contribution of computed tomography to the exploration of congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava. A report on five cases (author's transl)]. AB - 3 cases of abnormalities of the inferior vena cava are reported: one isolated left inferior vena cava, one duplication of the inferior vena cava with continuation by a left inferior hemi-azygos vein and a simple duplication of the post-renal inferior vena cava. Finally, 2 cases of retro-aortic left renal vein are described. These abnormalities may be fully studied by computed tomography which in certain cases makes it possible to avoid inferior cavography. The authors emphasize potential sources of error in interpretation and the value of being aware of the congenital malformation of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 7288732 TI - [Restraint during craniocerebral scannography. A new method of restraint for the newborn and infants (author's transl)]. AB - A newly designed apparatus for head restraint, adapted for the newborn and infants, can frequently avoid the administration of a general anaesthetic during craniocerebral scannography examinations. The infant is placed in a block of expanded polystyrene, ensuring both restraint and maintenance of an isothermic regimen. PMID- 7288733 TI - [Angiographic control of portocaval anastomoses. A study of hepato-portal circulatory changes after shunt (author's transl)]. AB - The hepatoportal circulatory changes which occur after porto-systemic shunts have been evaluated in 55 cirrhotic patients studied by post-operative arterioportography. In every one of these cases the shunt was patent. After side to side portocaval shunt (28 patients) the arterioportography shows the complete drainage of the splanchnic blood into the inferior vena cava. A reversed flow was observed in 20 patients. After conventional spleno renal shunt (eight patients) a maintained hepatopetal flow was present only in early angiographic controls, while in later controls all splanchnic blood flow was towards the renal vein, with evidence of reversed portal flow. Even after mesocaval shunt (ten patients) the splanchnic flow was hepatofugal. Instead, after distal splenorenal Warren shunt (two cases) the hepatopetal portal flow seems to be unaffected as evidence by angiography 15 days post-operatively. An increased of the hepatic artery diameter and its intrahepatic branches was observed in 20 out of 27 controls. This hepatic artery "hepertrophy" is related in increased hepatic artery blood flow which seems to be, according to Burchell [5], an important factor in the reestablishment of the liver circulation after portocaval shunt. PMID- 7288735 TI - [Localised renal infarcts presenting as pseudotumours on computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288736 TI - [Radiological examinations in cherubism. Value of computed tomography in two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288737 TI - [Radiological double contrast examination in Crohn's colitis. A report about 115 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors had examined by double contrast barium enema in 115 cases of Crohn's ileo-colitis. They described the radiological double contrast features. The "early lesions" are always surrounded by a healthy-looking mucosa. The advanced lesions are segmentary: shallow limited ulcers, shallow confluent ulcers, cobblestone pattern and nodular pattern. Several types of lesions may appear in the same patient. The distribution of the lesions is asymmetrical with skip areas and gradual size of the lesions. The parietal lesions are well demonstrated by double contrast, especially the sacculations. Our radiological findings are confirmed by endoscopical features and excised specimens in 100 cases. A double contrast barium enema is necessary to well described the lesions especially the "early lesions" which are important for differential diagnostic, with ulcerative colitis, for surgical treatment in evaluating the extend of the disease and possibly even for prognosis in this disease. PMID- 7288738 TI - [Lateral cervical cysts of the aerodigestive tract in children. Contribution of radiological investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288739 TI - [Double contour ultrasonographic images of the gallbladder wall. Report on eight cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288740 TI - [Arachnoiditis of atypical appearance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288741 TI - [Thoracic outlet syndrome by hypertrophic callus after fracture of the clavicle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7288742 TI - Noncholinergic, saturable binding of (+/-)-[3H]nicotine to mouse brain. AB - (+/-)-[3H]Nicotine was bound saturably to crude particulate, and synaptosomal mitochondrial fraction from mouse brain. Scatchard and Hill plots of the binding data are in agreement with the existence of two independent classes of binding sites with high (Kd of 0.1-0.4 microM) and low(Kd is 20 microM) affinities, although negative cooperativity or a two-step model of ligand-receptor interaction cannot be ruled out. Nicotinic or muscarinic agonists and antagonists had little or no affinity for the nicotine binding sites, suggesting that nicotine binds in brain to noncholinergic sites. The binding did not display stereospecificity; this is consistent with the similarity in the pharmacological effects of (-)- and (+)-nicotine. Our results indicate that binding studies with [3H]nicotine should be interpreted with extreme caution. PMID- 7288744 TI - Resolution of estrogen binding species in hypothalamus and pituitary. AB - In addition to the classic Type I estrogen receptor, a second estrogen binding species has been reported in rat uterine nuclear material. We have examined nuclear material from hypothalamus and pituitary for the presence of Type II estrogen receptor by the sucrose pad/exchange assay. Extensive (0.05-40.0 nM) saturation analyses were performed on crude chromatin isolated from hypothalami and pituitaries of hyperestrogenized ovariectomized rats. Analysis of data by an adaptation of the graphical method of Rosenthal suggests that there is only a single class of estrogen binding sites in these tissues with a Kd (0.2 nM) close to that reported for Type I receptors in other systems. However, a definitive resolution of the binding component(s) was not possible due to noise in the upper regions of the saturation plot. Therefore, we pooled 7 hypothalamic and 4 pituitary saturation experiments and analyzed the data with LIGAND, a nonlinear curve fitting program. Computer generated curves indicate that the data from both target tissues are approximated most closely by a model describing a single high affinity binding species (Type I) (Kd = 0.17 - 0.38 nM) and a linear or very low affinity nonspecific binding component. Thus, we conclude that there is no evidence for the presence of a second or lower affinity estrogen binding component in hypothalamus or pituitary. The absence of this binding species in these two estrogen target tissues is consistent with the concept that Type II sites may be involved in estrogen's control of tissue hypertrophy and hyperplasia -estrogen responses not found in hypothalamus or pituitary. PMID- 7288743 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors: documentation in the rat uterus. AB - The question of the presence of specific glucocorticoid receptors in the rat uterus was reassessed. A high speed supernatant obtained from uteri of ovariectomized or intact 45-day old rats was incubated 18 h at 4 c in the presence of [3H]triamcinolone acetonide ([3H]TA) with or without excess dexamethasone, followed by a 10 min exposure to dextran-coated charcoal. A specific uterine glucocorticoid receptor was detected with a Kd=5.1 nM and the number of binding sites equal to 1.1 pmol/uterus. [3H]dexamethasone was observed to underestimate the number of specific receptor sites, probably due to the instability of the dexamethasone-receptor complex during treatment with charcoal. In addition, unlabeled TA was unsatisfactory for determining nonspecific binding because of the cross-reactivity with the progesterone receptor also present in uterine cytosol. The uterine glucocorticoid receptor exhibited the appropriate steroid specificity. Sucrose density gradient analysis of uterine cytosol revealed peaks of dexamethasone-competable [3H]TA binding at 7.2S and 5.75 in low salt and at 4S in 0.4M KCL. Similar components were observed in cytosol and nuclear fractions, respectively, 20 min after in vivo injection of 25 mu Cl [3H]TA. The physical characteristics of the specific glucocorticoid receptor were consistent with those determined for other receptor proteins. The documentation of the presence of glucocorticoid receptors in the rat uterus is important physiologically because of numerous reports of glucocorticoid effects on this reproductive tissue. If receptors could not be demonstrated, extensive studies of the mechanism of these effects would be necessary for a full understanding of uterine endocrinology. PMID- 7288745 TI - Cross-linking of surface immunoglobulins and endocytosis of antigen are not sufficient to suppress antibody production of two hybridoma cell lines. AB - The two cell lines Lev 1-3 and AS3, which secrete monoclonal anti-levan antibody and express surface membrane immunoglobulins that are capable of binding the levan, were cultured for 24 h or 48 h with levan of various molecular weights (5 x 10(4), 2 x 10(5) or 2 x 10(7) daltons). The production of antibody was measured by a plaque-forming cell assay for AS3 cells and by biosynthetic labelling for Lev 1-3 cells. Surface immunoglobulins were detected by a rosette-forming cell assay. By using immunoenzymatic procedures, we observed that levan of 5 x 10(4) and 2 x 10(5) daltons was intensely endocytosed by the cells and localized mainly in the cellular center, whereas levan of 2 x 10(7) daltons remained mostly associated with the plasma membrane and formed surface aggregates. After transfer of cells in levan-free medium, it was shown that internalized levan could persist several days inside the cells without being degraded. Viability, growth, antibody synthesis and secretion were not modified in cells cultured with levan, whatever the molecular weight of the antigen used. Our results show that cross-linking of surface immunoglobulins by multivalent antigen or endocytosis of antigen do not appear to be sufficient to induce a suppression of antibody production or membrane immunoglobulin expression. PMID- 7288746 TI - The treatment of erythroblastosis with promethazine hydrochloride. AB - Seventy-two patients with Rh erythroblastosis were treated with promethazine hydrochloride (P-HCl) during a seven-year period. Compared to the pregnancy outcome of the immediately preceding pregnancies, we have found a significant decrease in perinatal mortality and exchange transfusions. No significant toxicity from P-HCl treatment has been noted, and none of these patients developed preeclampsia. PMID- 7288748 TI - Clinical significance of fetal heart rate patterns during labor: VII. Hypertensive conditions. PMID- 7288747 TI - Epidemiology of abortion. PMID- 7288749 TI - The in vitro contractility of the human placental chorial vessels. PMID- 7288750 TI - Biorhythms of the nonpregnant human uterus. AB - Uterine activity was monitored continuously for periods of three or five days in two subjects. Biorhythms in the spontaneous variations of intrauterine pressure and frequency of contraction were demonstrated in both phases of the menstrual cycle. Statistically, the patterns conformed to 24-hour Fourier curves, with higher values synchronized by the periods of light. Positive statistical correlations were present between uterine activity and the circadian patterns of intrauterine temperature and norepinephrine concentrations in both urine and peripheral arterial plasma. PMID- 7288753 TI - Research is for now, too. PMID- 7288752 TI - Rat lymphocyte proliferative in vitro response to horse spleen ferritin. PMID- 7288751 TI - Age-related changes in the concentration of transcobalamin II (TC II) in mouse peritoneal cells. PMID- 7288754 TI - Plasma exchange in rheumatoid arthritis? PMID- 7288755 TI - Experimental joint trauma: synovial response to blunt trauma and inflammatory reaction to intraarticular injection of fat. AB - Blunt trauma to knee joints of dogs produces clear usually non-bloody synovial effusions with prominent fat globules. Increased vascular permeability of synovial membrane in areas not directly traumatized can be shown by leakage of intravenously-injected carbon black. To see whether fat released from synovium into the joint might contribute to a low grade inflammation and altered vascular permeability we also injected intraarticular autologous fat and demonstrated its phagocytosis by exudate cells and induction of definite inflammation. These effects of trauma in dogs which closely resemble some human injuries might be a model for evaluating conservative treatment of joint trauma. PMID- 7288756 TI - The coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis with Reiter's syndrome and/or ankylosing spondylitis: a model of dual HLA-associated disease susceptibility and expression. AB - In a prospective study of 184 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and/or Reiter's disease, we have examined the frequency of concomitant rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and determined the HLA profile of these patients. Five men (2.7%), 3 with ankylosing spondylitis and 2 with Reiter's disease, had coexistent classical RA and 2 of these also had Felty's syndrome. Immunogenetic analysis demonstrated that all 5 patients had either HLA-R27 or another B-7-cross-reactive antigen and that 3 also possessed HLA-DR4. Thus, 2 or more HLA-associated genetic predispositions may occur in the same individual, and, when expressed, result in the dual expression of both a spondylitic disease and RA. PMID- 7288758 TI - Longterm follow-up of posterior cervical fusion for atlanto-axial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Surgical fusion of the upper cervical spine was used to treat atlanto-axial subluxation in 7 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Postsurgical follow-up was 3 to 16 yr. Despite progressive and often severe radiological changes in the cervical spine, no patient has had a clinical recurrence of neck symptoms requiring further surgery. These results suggest that surgical fusion is successful in the longterm, despite the often dramatic radiological changes which occur in the cervical spine with the passage of time. PMID- 7288757 TI - The coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and review of the literature. AB - We describe a patient with longstanding classical erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who after many years developed the clinical and serological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) including diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. She fulfilled the ARA preliminary criteria for the classification of SLE as well as the ARA criteria for classical RA. In addition she had antibodies to native DNA, hypocomplementemia, and deposits of immunoglobulins at the dermal epidermal junction of the non-lesional skin. The rarity of the concurrence of these 2 diseases in the same patient and the discriminating findings with tissue typing analysis suggest that this coexistence may be coincidental. PMID- 7288759 TI - Plasma exchange in rheumatoid vasculitis. AB - Plasma exchange (PE) was used to treat 9 patients with rheumatoid vasculitis. The immediate development of new lesions was arrested in 7 patients. Two patients continued to develop new lesions. One responded to additional cyclophosphamide plus methyl prednisolone but the other died within days from severe systemic vasculitis. Prolonged PE alone, or PE followed by cyclophosphamide plus methyl prednisolone was associated with healing of existing lesions without relapse. Short term PE, alone or followed by azathioprine, failed to heal existing lesions and relapses occurred within 3 months. IgG rheumatoid factor and anticomplementary activity fell with PE and correlated best with clinical response. PMID- 7288760 TI - Macroscopically normal cartilage from the human osteoarthritis femoral head. I. Histological evaluation. AB - Thirty-five macroscopically "normal" cartilage specimens from 32 osteoarthritic (OA) femoral heads removed surgically were histologically analyzed, and found to be composed of both normal and abnormal cartilage. The latter showed either middle tissue layer alterations or invasion by new tissues of extracartilaginous origin. Middle cartilage layer alterations consisted of unmasked fibers and loss of matrix staining with alcian blue and were found to be closely related to the development of new osteophytic tissues. Thus in OA the appearance to the naked eye of normal cartilage is inappropriate for valid biochemical studies, and a microscopic control of "normal tissue" appears to be necessary for any study of early cartilage changes in OA. PMID- 7288761 TI - Macroscopically normal cartilage from the human osteoarthritic femoral head. II. Measurement of cartilage thickness and cell density. AB - Cell density and thickness of macroscopically "normal" cartilage from 32 osteoarthritic (OA) femoral heads removed surgically have been studied by using histomorphometry. The results have been interpreted with special reference to qualitative aspects of regions analyzed at a microscopic level. OA cartilage with a microscopically normal appearance have a normal cell content and thickness except for the region adjacent to the zone of cartilage cleavage where a significant reduction in superficial cell density was found. OA cartilage showing middle tissue layer lesions such as unmasked fibers was characterized by an almost normal cellularity but a significantly increased tissue thickness. PMID- 7288762 TI - Relapsing polychondritis associated with ulcerative colitis. Serial determinations of antibodies to cartilage and circulating immune complexes by three assays. AB - A case of relapsing polychondritis (RP) with severe respiratory tract involvement is reported. The patient's subsequent course included ulcerative colitis and further collapse of nasal cartilage. Antibody titers to cartilage were serially determined by indirect immunofluorescence and levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) by 3 different techniques. The exacerbations of RP appeared to be reflected by the elevation of anticartilage antibody titers and some elevation in the levels of CIC as detected by the polyethylene glycol method. PMID- 7288763 TI - Thiemann's disease. AB - We report a case of early stage Thiemann's disease in a 12-yr-old girl. This may be the first report of this disease from Portugal. The clinical and radiological aspects of this condition are discussed. Based on a review of the literature, preliminary diagnostic criteria are proposed. PMID- 7288764 TI - In vitro lymphocyte response in early rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD) skin tests and peripheral blood mononuclear stimulation to purified SK-SD delayed skin reactor (DSR) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was assessed in 41 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 17 controls. Lymphocyte response to DSR correlated directly with the diameter of SK-SD-induced erythema, and PHA stimulation decreased with age. RA patients did not show significant depression by either test or did hyporesponsiveness predict rheumatoid disease activity or prognosis. Six patients without medication demonstrated increased PHA responsiveness and a direct rather than inverse correlation with age. PMID- 7288765 TI - Acute progressive osteoarthropathy of large joints: report of three cases. AB - We report 3 cases of an acute progressive osteoarthropathy of large joints. This condition is characterized by an acute onset, severe constant pain, and a rapidly progressive course in the absence of clinical and histopathological evidence of inflammation. Prior references to this condition are lacking. PMID- 7288766 TI - Reticuloendothelial function in rheumatoid arthritis: correlation with disease activity and circulating immune complexes. AB - Fourteen patients with active rheumatoid arthritis had their reticuloendothelial function tested with clearance of heat damaged radiolabeled autologous erythrocytes. Only 3 of these 14 patients had prolonged red blood cell (RBC) clearance. No correlation was found between RBC clearance and level of circulating immune complexes, disease activity or disease duration. PMID- 7288767 TI - Septic arthritis due to Kingella (Moraxella) kingii: case report and review of the literature. AB - Kingella (Moraxella) kingii, a gram-negative bacillus, was isolated as the cause of septic knee arthritis in an adult. Three previous cases (1 adult and 2 children) of septic arthritis due to Moraxella species have been reported. All cases have been characterized by difficulty in identifying the organism, indolent clinical course and slow response to antibiotic treatment. PMID- 7288768 TI - Heberden's nodes' nails. AB - Heberden's nodes lie close to the matrix of the nails and may impinge on them causing nail changes. This occurs particularly when the nodes become inflamed, cystic or grow distally from the joint. The affected nail often shows a ridge that delimits the area where the disturbance occurs. The surface of the nail distal to the lesion on the nail matrix usually becomes concave. These changes may regress spontaneously, after antiinflammatory treatment or not at all. Depigmentation of the affected area of the nail may remain as a sequela. We illustrate the various modalities of Heberden's nodes' nails with 4 case reports. PMID- 7288769 TI - Osteomalacia, pseudosacroiliitis and necrosis of the femoral heads in Fanconi syndrome in an adult. AB - The symptom of bone pain led to the discovery of Fanconi syndrome in a 20-yr-old patient. The presenting osteomalacia was associated with an early deterioration of the sacroiliac joint and osteonecrosis of both femoral heads. The coexistence of these 2 unusual disorders was not coincidental. A diagnosis of osteomalacia was considered because of impaired mineralization predominantly affecting the median part of the sacroiliac joints. The bone necroses, of probable microfracture origin, were probably directly related to the osteomalacia. PMID- 7288770 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus as a cause of severe mixed mitral valve disease. PMID- 7288771 TI - Popliteal cyst rupture in SLE--superior rupture and an infected calf cyst. PMID- 7288772 TI - Infectious arthritis in a hemophiliac. PMID- 7288773 TI - Proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with levamisole therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7288774 TI - Polymyositis with eosinophilia and mononeuropathy multiplex. PMID- 7288775 TI - Scleromyxedema - a sclerodermoid disorder. PMID- 7288776 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis and reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. PMID- 7288777 TI - Crystal arthropathy as a complication of septic arthritis. PMID- 7288778 TI - The autopsy as a clinical investigation. PMID- 7288779 TI - Microsurgery: renewed sensation. PMID- 7288780 TI - Uncemented total hip replacement. AB - During the last 20 years almost 3000 uncemented total hip replacements have been used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The development of an axially located prosthesis is outlined, and the causes of failure indicated. Uncemented prostheses have the advantage of a relatively low mortality and morbidity and the rate of infection in particular is low. Interface pain, with or without frank prosthetic loosening, is the commonest cause of failure, but revisional surgery is relatively easy, and usually successful. Loss of function without significant pain may occur after many years from distal migration of the femoral component. The development of an uncemented metal-on plastic joint has produced better short-term results than the metal-on-metal articulation, probably because of its lower frictional coefficient and the use of a wider range of pelvic and femoral components. PMID- 7288781 TI - Glucose concentrations in parotid fluid and venous blood of patients attending a diabetic clinic. AB - Measurements of the glucose concentration in venous blood and parotid saliva taken from 31 diabetics attending a diabetic clinic showed values ranging respectively from 3.9 to 19.1 mmol/l and 0.06 to 0.83 mmol/l (means 9.6 mmol/l and 0.32 mmol/l respectively). Linear regression of salivary glucose on blood glucose gave a simple correlation coefficient of 0.18 (NS). Since salivary glucose levels did not reflect blood glucose levels, the possibility of diabetics regulating their metabolic control by the noninvasive technique of monitoring salivary glucose concentrations is not possible. PMID- 7288782 TI - Composite hyoid-sternohyoid graft in the correction of established subglottic stenosis. AB - A new technique for the treatment of subglottic stenosis is reported. A composite hyoid bone with sternohyoid muscle graft is used to replace the anterior arch of the cricoid, combined with a vertical split of the posterior laminal of the cricoid. Internal splinting is maintained with a Silastic mould. Ten patients with established subglottic stenosis, 7 from traumatic and 3 from non-traumatic causes, have been treated. All patients needed a tracheostomy for maintenance of an airway prior to operation. Nine patients were successfully decannulated two weeks after removal of the internal Silastic splint. Five of the 10 patients were children under the age of 13 years. PMID- 7288783 TI - Experience with single-layer rectal anastomosis. AB - Anastomotic dehiscence following resection of the large intestine is a serious complication. Satisfactory results of single-layer anastomosis depend upon meticulous technique and a scrupulously clean colon. Out of 65 single-layer anastomoses involving the rectum, significant leakage occurred in 4 patients. The results are reported in order to draw attention to the safety and efficacy of one layer anastomosis. PMID- 7288784 TI - Detection of intrauterine growth retardation by ultrasound: preliminary communication. AB - In this study, ultrasonic measurements of the fetal head area and abdominal area were obtained in 1200 patients with singleton pregnancies. The results from the 434 who have delivered, indicate that a large proportion of growth-retarded infants cannot be identified by a single late ultrasonic measurement of either area, at 32-34 weeks gestation, as has been previously suggested. PMID- 7288785 TI - Observations on consent to treatment and review of clinical judgment in psychiatry: a discussion paper. PMID- 7288786 TI - Factors in the management of Crohn's disease: a discussion paper. PMID- 7288788 TI - Choreoathetoid movements and thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7288787 TI - Salivary and urine theophylline levels in management of childhood asthma. PMID- 7288789 TI - Treatment of severe anaphylactic reactions to insect stings. PMID- 7288790 TI - The infection-prone hospital patient. PMID- 7288791 TI - Impact of preoperative weight loss on postoperative morbidity. AB - Clinical observations in developing countries and experimental studies in animals suggest that preoperative weight loss adversely affects postoperative morbidity. Since it is not clear whether these findings can be applied to surgical series in European countries, we have studied 106 surgically-treated patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Patients were divided into three groups according to the degree of preoperative weight loss. The groups were well matched in all other respects. Postoperative morbidity was monitored independently. The outcome in all three groups was similar so that in these patients, at least, preoperative weight loss did not adversely affect the postoperative outcome. PMID- 7288792 TI - Selection of patients with chronic drug-resistant epilepsy for resective surgery: 5 years' experience. AB - Selection criteria are the key to success in resective surgery for intractable epilepsy. Using such criteria about 50% of patients admitted for assessment are considered unsuitable, half of these for neurophysiological reasons or because there is evidence of more than one area of structural abnormality. Selection for a good result from temporal lobectomy can be judged, both on the proportion of positive pathological lesions in the resected temporal lobes and on a high degree of seizure relief together with a low incidence of side effects. The same holds for other resections. The relationship between these factors is reviewed. PMID- 7288793 TI - Abdominal wound closure: choice of suture. AB - Experiments were designed to test suture materials for their use in potentially infected abdominal wound closure. The nearest to the ideal, at present available, is a monofilament nonabsorbable suture, the one tested being monofilament nylon. The suture retained adequate strength in the infected and noninfected state over a 70-day period. This is particularly important as infection has been shown to result in low wound strength in the early phases of healing. The monofilamentous nature of this suture represented an advantage when sutures were examined electronmicroscopically. Infected, braided sutures viewed for the first time by electronmicroscopy were shown to contain bacteria and polymorphonuclear cells, even after 70 days implantation. The normal absorption and encapsulation of these sutures was delayed by the presence of infection. Polyglycolic acid had marked strength when new but rapidly weakened after implantation. This together with slowed absorption in the infected state is a disturbing feature in terms of wound failure and sinus formation respectively. PMID- 7288794 TI - Haemoglobin, smoking and peripheral vascular disease. AB - One hundred and four patients with peripheral vascular disease requiring operation were reviewed retrospectively with respect to age, sex, preoperative haemoglobin, smoking habits and diabetic status. The preoperative haemoglobin levels and smoking status in 63 non-diabetic male patients with peripheral vascular disease were compared with a matched group of individuals treated for inguinal hernia. For all patients there was a significant correlation between smoking habits, preoperative haemoglobin level and the presence of peripheral vascular disease. The mechanisms by which smoking may damage the vascular tree are reviewed. PMID- 7288795 TI - Use of the Pavlik harness in nonoperative management of congenital dislocation of the hip. AB - The Pavlik harness and its application are described. A series is reported of 25 patients with congenital dislocation of the hip, aged between one day and eight months, all of whom were successfully treated in the harness. Since the harness was found to be effective in treating older infants, it is suggested that treatment of the newborn could be delayed until the age of two or three months, thus avoiding unnecessary treatment of those hips which will reduce spontaneously. PMID- 7288796 TI - Oxygen tension measurement using an automatic blood gas analyser. AB - Two different methods of assessing the reliability of the oxygen electrode of one model of an automatic blood gas analyser (BGA) have been studied. In the first, a single automatic BGA was assessed by using outdated bank blood which was pumped around a small extracorporeal circuit into which known gas mixtures were passed. Oxygen tension was varied between 2 and 16 kPa. In the second, fresh heparinized blood was tonometered with calibrated gases and submitted to the automatic BGA used in the first part of the study and also to three other identical machines. Each of the machines was between 3 and 4 years old.Eighteen different units of blood were used in the first part of the study. The correlation coefficient between the automatic BGA and the Po(2) in the extracorporeal circuit varied between 0.29 and 0.99. 31% of the total of 209 measurements made by the automatic BGA were more than 1.2 kPa from the reference value, 25% of them being between 1.2 and 4.0 kPa from the reference value. In the second part of the study, the correlation coefficient between this automatic BGA and the tonometered blood was 0.96. The correlation coefficients for the 3 other identical BGAs were 0.84, 0.97 and 0.88, indicating that the BGA used in the first part of the study was no worse than any of the others.It is suggested that although clinicians are likely to ignore readings of an automatic BGA that are more than 4.0 kPa from the true value and are likely to repeat the investigation, readings between 1.2 and 4.0 kPa from the true value may adversely affect patient management. PMID- 7288797 TI - Multiple primary malignant neoplasia in three members of a family. AB - Three members of a family have presented in adult life with a succession of invasive malignancies. No known premalignant condition has been apparent in this group, and a limited study of immune competence has failed to reveal any abnormality. In spite of this there is strong evidence to suggest a so far undetected immunogenetic abnormality as the basis of this phenomenon. PMID- 7288798 TI - Franco-British disparities in medicine. AB - A questionnaire in French and English was sent to physicians practising geriatric medicine in France and the UK concerning certain aspects of their clinical practice. It also enquired of the doctors their place of practice, year of qualification, present position held, and in which part of the respective country they worked. Most of the answers reflect major divergencies in methods of clinical practice between the two countries. These answers are reported, highlighted, commented on, and speculation made of the possible reasons for the differences. We feel that international questionnaires are a useful way of alerting doctors to areas of practice which are falsely assumed to be correct; they may also reveal the possible basic solutions to common clinical problems. PMID- 7288799 TI - Laboratory screening for metabolic eye disease: a review. PMID- 7288801 TI - Recurrent rupture of the urinary bladder. PMID- 7288800 TI - Electrodermal activity in the 1980s: a review. PMID- 7288802 TI - Genu recurvatum in association with slipped capital femoral epiphysis. PMID- 7288803 TI - Naloxone in anorexia nervosa: role of the opiate system. PMID- 7288805 TI - Microchips in medicine. PMID- 7288806 TI - Cancer of the colon and schistosomiasis. PMID- 7288804 TI - Mapping neuronal electrical function. PMID- 7288808 TI - Early management of laryngeal injuries. AB - The results of acute laryngeal trauma sustained by 44 patients are reported. Three major aetiological groups are identified: road traffic accidents, blunt injury and penetrating injury. Road traffic accidents appear to produce severe injury, but the long-term follow-up results are similar to those laryngeal injuries which were not recognized initially and who developed a chronic stenosis. The blunt injury group sustained less forceful trauma; 14 of the 18 were treated conservatively and all patients had a good result. The majority of the penetrating injury group developed good breathing and a good voice following operation. Some of the technical expertise normally used to treat chronic laryngeal stenosis has been included in this series to good effect. PMID- 7288807 TI - Tranylcypromine isomers and Parkinson's disease: new aspects of an old drug. AB - The tranylcypromine stereoisomers have been investigated in a series of comparative trials in Parkinsons' disease and the results indicate that doses below 3 mg/day, of the (+)-isomer in particular, are effective as adjuvant anti parkinsonian therapy. Biochemical results, monitoring platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and plasma concentrations of drugs and phenylethylamine, an MAO substrate, showed such low doses of the (+)-isomer to inhibit MAO without inducing the hypertensive reaction sometimes observed at higher dosage. These findings, along with the observation of substantial pharmacokinetic differences between the two isomers are discussed, particularly in relation to reports on their efficacy in depressive illness. PMID- 7288809 TI - Hereford Hospital Prescribing Study: description and usefulness. AB - The mode of operation of a computer-based information system designed to link information about drug usage to diagnostic data is described. Details of the cost of this system are given. It is shown that the running costs are approximately L20000 per year. Examples are given of the uses made of the data collected. PMID- 7288810 TI - Value of anticoagulants in the treatment of pulmonary embolism: a discussion paper. PMID- 7288811 TI - Strangulated small bowel hernia within a prolapsed colostomy stoma. PMID- 7288812 TI - Pulmonary hypertension associated with hepatic cirrhosis and primary acrocyanosis. PMID- 7288813 TI - Multiple trichobezoars and laparotomies. PMID- 7288814 TI - Scientific basis for the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. PMID- 7288815 TI - Synthesis of clozapine analogues and their affinity for clozapine and spiroperidol binding sites in rat brain. AB - Analogues of clozapine, some prepared by a novel, shorter synthesis than those described previously, were evaluated as potential antipsychotic agents using clozapine binding sites in rat forebrain that are nonmuscarinic and nondopaminergic in nature and from which [3H]clozapine is displaced by known antipsychotic agents. The binding of clozapine to muscarinic sites is inhibited in the presence of atropine. Displacement of [3H]clozapine by an analogue of clozapine in the presence of atropine represents nonmuscarinic binding, while displacement in the absence of atropine represents muscarinic (cholinergic) plus nonmuscarinic binding. The relative affinity of the analogues for dopamine binding sites was determined by their ability to displace [3H]spiroperidol from binding sites in rat caudate nuclei. To the extent which binding affinity for nonmuscarinic clozapine sites in rat forebrain reflects the antipsychotic potential of a particular drug, dibenzo-5H-cycloheptene analogues of clozapine are as effective as clozapine itself. Strong binding to nonmuscarinic clozapine sites is not dependent on the presence of a chlorine atom on th tricyclic system. One or both of the nitrogen atoms in the dibenzo-5H-[1,4]diazepine ring of clozapine appear to be necessary for the strong inhibition of clozapine binding to spiroperidol sites in rat caudate nuclei. Anticholinergic activity is substantially higher for clozapine and its dibenz[1,4]oxazepine analogue than for its benzo-5H-cycloheptene analogue. PMID- 7288816 TI - Inhibition of cholesterol side-chain cleavage. 3. 22-azacholesterol analogues bearing aryl-substituted side chains. AB - The potent inhibitory activity of 22-azacholesterol analogue 2a, in which the (3 methylbutyl)amino side chain had been replaced by the (phenylethyl)amino side chain, on the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone prompted the synthesis and enzymatic studies of two series of 22-azacholesterol analogues bearing (arylalkyl)amino and (arylalkyl)amino side chains. The potent inhibitory activity of both the amines (2) and the amides (3) indicated that a basic nitrogen was not a requirement for inhibitory activity. However, the amide analogue (4) in which the positions of the carbonyl and the nitrogen were interchanged was a much poorer inhibitor. The inhibitory activities in the phenylacetamido series were decreased by electron-withdrawing groups on the aromatic ring, while an electron donating group effected a small increase. PMID- 7288817 TI - Inhibition of cholesterol side-chain cleavage. 4. Synthesis of A or B ring modified azacholesterols. AB - A number of A or B ring modified 20- and 22-azacholesterol analogues (1 and 2, respectively) were synthesized in an attempt to ascertain the structural requirements for inhibition of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage reaction in bovine adrenocortical mitochondrial acetone powder preparations. The inhibition studies of these analogues revealed that (1) the 3-methyl ethers were as active as the parent compounds and that (2) reduction of the delta 5 double bond greatly lessened the inhibitory activity. These studies demonstrated a crucial role of the delta 5 double bond for inhibitory activity, while a free hydroxyl group at C 3 is not essential for this action. Furthermore, as in the parent compounds, 22 azacholesterol analogues were more potent than their 20-azacholesterol counterparts. PMID- 7288818 TI - Synthesis of fluorine-containing peptides. Analogues of angiotensin II containing hexafluorovaline. AB - Gamma, gammma, gammma, gammma', gamma', gammma'-Hexafluorovaline and derivatives have been prepared and incorporated into angiotensin II by fragment condensation and solid-phase peptide synthesis. Hexafluorovaline derivatives showed general resistance toward various enzymatic digestions and the tendency to racemize extensively upon carboxyl activation. When the angiotensin II analogues were assayed on rat uterus, [Hfv5]AII had 133% activity, [D-Hfv5]AII was inactive, and [Ac-Asn1,DL-Hfv8]AII was a potent inhibitor of angiotensin II in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7288819 TI - Phencyclidine metabolism: resolution, structure, and biological activity of the isomers of the hydroxy metabolite, 4-phenyl-4-(1-piperidinyl)cyclohexanol. AB - One of the major biotransformation pathways in the metabolism of phencyclidine is hydroxylation at C-4 of the cyclohexane ring to give 4-phenyl-4-(1 piperidinyl)cyclohexanol (1). Since the latter compound can exist as cis and trans isomers and the synthetic mixture has been reported to be biologically active, it was of interest to separate the isomers, test them for biological activity, and determine their ratio as metabolic products of phencyclidine. The synthetic mixture of 1 was separated by TLC and the individual isomers were characterized by 13C and 1H NMR and MS analyses. Preliminary testing of the isomers in the mouse rotarod assay indicates that the trans isomer (1b) is only slightly more active then the cis isomer (1a). Both isomers produced seizure activity and lethality at doses required to produce maximal ataxia. PMID- 7288820 TI - New antiarrhythmic agents. 7. 2,3-Diaminopropionanilides. AB - A series of 2,3-diaminopropionanilides was synthesized by acylation of mono- and disubstituted aniline derivatives with 2,3-dibromopropionyl chloride and subsequent amination with the appropriate secondary amines. The target compounds were evaluated in mice for antiarrhythmic efficacy against chloroform-induced tachycardia and for central nervous system toxicity. Several of the active agents were found to have much higher antiarrhythmic potencies than lidocaine, but they were also toxic. Evaluation of the target compounds for local anesthetic activity in the form of sciatic nerve block in rats showed that most compounds had durations of block similar to that of lidocaine; none exhibited the long duration of block seen with etidocaine. PMID- 7288821 TI - 2-(Aminomethyl)phenols, a new class of saluretic agents. 3. Effects of functional group reorientation and modification. AB - A series of modified 2-(aminomethyl)phenols was synthesized and tested orally in rats for saluretic and diuretic effects. Intravenous dog data are included as supplementary material to show that the diuretic responses, or lack thereof, may be obtained in a second species. Reorientation of the 2-(aminomethyl) group either meta or para to the hydroxyl substituent resulted in loss of diuretic effects. Similarly, replacement of either the phenolic hydroxyl or the aminomethyl group with other functional moieties substantially diminished saluretic effects. PMID- 7288823 TI - Carbocyclic analogues of 5-fluorouracil nucleosides. AB - The carbocyclic analogues of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (5-FdUrd, 1), 5 fluorouridine, and 5-fluoro-3 alpha-deoxyuridine were prepared by fluorination of the uracil nucleoside analogues with elemental fluorine. The 5-FdUrd analogue (C 5-F-2'-dUrd, 6) was enzymatically phosphorylated to the analogue of 5-FdUrd 5' phosphate and inhibited the incorporation of 2'-deoxyuridine into DNA of murine colon 26 tumor cells and L-1210 cells in culture. Biochemical studies also indicated that C-5-F-2'-Urd (6) was a less potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis in tumor cells than was 5-FdUrd (1). C-5-F-2'-dUrd was cytotoxic (ED50 = 2.5 mcg/mL) to L-1210 cells in culture; the other two analogues were less cytotoxic. C-5-F-2' dUrd was inactive--or, at best, borderline active--in tests against P-388 leukemia in vivo. PMID- 7288824 TI - Synthesis of 5,11-methenyltetrahydrohomofolate and its antifolate activity in vitro. AB - The synthesis of 5,11-methenyltetrahydrohomofolate was accomplished by treatment of tetrahydrohomofolate (H4homofolate) with triethyl orthoformate in glacial acetic acid. This compound is a homofolate analogue of 5,10 methenyltetrahydrofolate which serves as one precursor to the 10-formyl one carbon donor for the first transformylation in de novo purine biosynthesis, namely, the conversion of glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR) to N-formylglycinamide ribonucleotide (FGAR), catalyzed by the enzyme glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (EC 2.1.2.2). The analogue proved to retard the rate of formation of formylglycinamide ribonucleotide apparently by inhibiting the rate of synthesis of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the actual cofactor for the transformylase enzyme, from 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate. Its inhibition of the enzyme, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.9), was competitive against (+)-L-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate, with a Ki = 41 micro M. This derivative of homofolate may be responsible for its inhibition of purine biosynthesis in Sarcoma 180 cells. PMID- 7288822 TI - Antimicrobial 3-methyleneflavanones. AB - The antimicrobial activity previously attributed to flavanone Mannich bases was found to be due to their breakdown products, 3-methyleneflavanones. Among the latter compounds, highest potency was observed when the flavanone phenyl ring contained bromine or chlorine substituents. 3-Methylene-2-phenylflavanone (8) was synthesized and shown to be equal to hexachlorophene in tests against representative Gram-positive microorganisms. PMID- 7288825 TI - Inhibition of liver alanine aminotransferase activity by some benzophenanthridine alkaloids. AB - The quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids sanguinarine (1) and chelerythrine (2) inhibit rat liver L-alanine-:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) activity. Nitidine (3) has no inhibitory effect. The inhibitory activity of alkaloids depends on the reactivity of the iminium bond with the nucleophilic reagent, e.g., the thiol group. The stability constants of adduct formation for thioethanol, cysteine, and glutathione with sanguinarine (1) and chelerythrine (2) are given. The mechanism of the inhibition of alanine aminotransferase activity by the alkaloids 1 and 2 is discussed. PMID- 7288826 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro[1]benzothieno[2,3-h]isoquinolines as dopamine antagonists. AB - 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro[1]benzothieno[2,3-h]isoquinolines were prepared and evaluated as dopamine antagonists and for potential neuroleptic activity. These compounds, which are analogues of the dopamine agonist apomorphine (2) in which the C-7 methylene has been removed, were found to be dopamine antagonists by in vitro receptor binding studies. However, in vivo evaluation did not suggest potential antipsychotic activity. PMID- 7288827 TI - Five new species of chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) from Papua New Guinea. PMID- 7288828 TI - Polygenis tripus (Siphonaptera: Rhopalopsyllidae) naturally infected by Allantonematidae (Nematoda: Tylenchida). PMID- 7288829 TI - Population increase of Psoroptes ovis (Acari: Psoroptidae) on stanchioned cattle during summer. PMID- 7288830 TI - The activity and physiological status of pre- and posthibernating Culex salinarius (Diptera: Culicidae) populations. PMID- 7288831 TI - Two new species of chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) from the Philippine Islands. PMID- 7288832 TI - Field trials of pheromone-toxicant devices containing muscalure for house flies ((Diptera: Muscidae). PMID- 7288833 TI - Influence of temperature and humidity on survival and development of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). PMID- 7288834 TI - Partial characterization of a unique female diploid cell strain from the tick Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). PMID- 7288835 TI - Bilateral gynandromorphism in Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae): morphologic and cytogenetic analysis. PMID- 7288836 TI - Transfer of radioactive tracer by the bedbug Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae): a model for mechanical transmission of hepatitis B virus. PMID- 7288837 TI - Area repellents for mosquitoes (Diptera: culicidae): identification of the active ingredients in a petroleum oil fraction. PMID- 7288838 TI - Determining the mating ability of irradiated male Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 7288839 TI - Ixodes signatus (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) parasitizing Pigeon Guillemots on the Channel islands, California. PMID- 7288841 TI - Suitability of birds and mammals as hosts for immature stages of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). PMID- 7288842 TI - Impact of high tuition on medical school applicants and enrollees. AB - As direct federal support of medical education has been reduced, tuition at U.S. medical schools has increased. Concern has been expressed over a decline in the socioeconomic diversity and the academic qualifications of the applicants. Experience gained at Georgetown University School of Medicine, the medical school with the highest tuition in the United States, indicates that the academic and nonacademic characteristics of the entering class have remained stable over a seven-year period despite a fourfold increase in tuition. Virtually all (98 percent) enrolled students currently receive some form of financial aid, mostly in the form of federally insured loans or federal scholarships with a service commitment. Maintenance of socioeconomic diversity depends on the continued availability of federally supported student loans and scholarships. PMID- 7288843 TI - A multi-component program to increase family physicians' faculty skills. AB - A fellowship program designed to increase nonclinical faculty skills among academic family physicians is described. In contrast to most faculty development programs, the fellowship is continuous for a full academic year and involves activities at a university medical center and the participants' home settings. The fellowship curriculum addresses five components of the academic physician's responsibilities: (a) curriculum planning, evaluation, and instruction; (b) clinical and educational research; (c) professional and organizational development; (d) ethics and human values; and (e) professional communication. Methods of program planning and operation are discussed, and particular attention is given to the match between the fellowship curriculum and the realities of academic medical work. Preliminary evidence suggests the program is achieving its intended goals. PMID- 7288840 TI - Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) in forests in Connecticut. PMID- 7288845 TI - Values and attitudes of medical students at an Australian University. AB - This paper reports the results of an Australian study in which successive cohorts of medical students at Flinders University were tested and retested in 1975, 1977, and 1979 to trace changes in their attitudes and values since their freshman year. All respondents completed the Rokeach Value Survey and specific attitude items concerned with federal government intervention in health insurance. Those respondents tested in 1977 and 1979 also completed a measure of general conservatism and rated the importance of a set of reasons for studying medicine as a career. The results showed considerable stability in both attitudes and value priorities, irrespective of cohort and time of testing. The students tended of favor government intervention in health insurance and to rate as most important those reasons concerned with helping others, working with people, and meeting challenges. Male and female students differed in the degree of importance they attached to some of the reasons, and these differences reflected commonly noted sex role differences. PMID- 7288844 TI - The initial impact of a surgical AHES program on medical students' career decisions. AB - Since 1974 the University of Louisville has sent medical students to a rural area to receive their core surgical clerkship experience as part of an area health education system (AHES) program. This report reviews the first five years of the program and its effect on residency selection. Seventeen percent of the 679 students who graduated from the School of Medicine between 1976 and 1980 participated in this rural program. These students were similar to their urban university-based peers as a group in preclerkship evaluation criteria. Test scores on surgery examinations and examinations of the National Board of Medical Examiners did not differ between the two groups. Residency programs chosen by participants showed a similar distribution to those chosen by the university group, except in family practice. Twenty-six percent of the rural group chose family practice residencies, compared with 16 percent of the urban group. The early impact of the surgical AHES program is evaluated, and the need for continued follow-up is emphasized. PMID- 7288846 TI - Clinical discussion groups: verbal participation and outcomes. AB - The author studied both the amount and cognitive level of teacher questions and student discussion in 62 small clinical discussion groups comprising 119 third year medical students. After analyzing the transcripts from over 75 hours in small clinical discussion groups, the investigator examined in detail how much the "process" of the small group interaction related to certain outcomes, such as the students' critical thinking and their performance on the examinations of the National Board of Medical Examiners. The instrument used for analysis was a modified version of the Flanders System of Interaction Analysis that incorporated Bloom's Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain. The cognitive level of the teachers' questions had a significant positive correlation with the cognitive level of the students' responses. While there were significant relationships between some aspects of verbal participation and outcome measures, the multiple regression analyses showed that the major contributions to outcomes were the aptitude and previous knowledge that the students already possessed. PMID- 7288847 TI - Weekly interdisciplinary colloquy on cardiology: a decade of experiment. AB - An experimental, continuing, regularly scheduled weekly interdisciplinary colloquy on cardiology was organized a decade ago between the departments of medicine and physiology to promote vigorous interaction between basic scientists and practicing physicians in the medical school. This colloquy has had a significant impact upon the education of fellows in clinical cardiology and candidates for the Ph.D. degree in physiology. It has fostered attitudes of academic excellence, appreciation for the opportunities offered by cooperative problem-solving, the stimulation of research, and practical teaching experience. It also provides an ongoing opportunity for updating information based upon a three month, in-depth review of three to four important advances in cardiovascular medicine each year. The faculty shares in the yield of this experimental program, which provides a forum for the investigator to present his ideas and contemplated experimental protocols, his experimental data, and his tentative interpretations to a critical, broadly experienced audience. The program contributes to the development of ability to evaluate published research critically and has led to better understanding of experimental method and design. PMID- 7288848 TI - Teaching cost containment and health economics in U.S. medical schools, 1980. PMID- 7288849 TI - A comparison of the performance of male and female medical students and residents. PMID- 7288850 TI - Motivations of women over 30 for going to medical school. PMID- 7288851 TI - Teaching computer science to health professionals. PMID- 7288852 TI - The impact of the clinical medical librarian on medical education. PMID- 7288853 TI - Gross anatomy and physical diagnosis: the first 'hands on' experience. PMID- 7288855 TI - Teaching episiotomy incision and repair to medical students and junior residents. PMID- 7288854 TI - The effect on instructor-student interaction of video replay to teach history taking skills. PMID- 7288856 TI - Postgraduate substance abuse teaching: cognitive knowledge before and after a required course. PMID- 7288857 TI - The consequences of a changing federal policy on support of medical education. PMID- 7288858 TI - Sources of construction funds in teaching hospitals, 1979. PMID- 7288859 TI - Cost containment education. PMID- 7288860 TI - Review of residency programs. PMID- 7288861 TI - CPR training. PMID- 7288862 TI - NHS reorganisation and prospects in bioengineering. PMID- 7288863 TI - A survey of integrated monitors for neonatal intensive care. PMID- 7288864 TI - A modified Williams phantom for qualitative evaluation of gamma camera resolution. PMID- 7288865 TI - Automated reading of the multipoint inoculated antibiotic sensitivity test. PMID- 7288866 TI - An inexpensive constant flow injector. PMID- 7288867 TI - A micropower filter for rejection of monophasic and biphasic artefact and noise. PMID- 7288868 TI - Circulating immune complexes following food: delayed clearance in idiopathic glomerulonephritis. AB - Following a meal containing a variety of animal and vegetable proteins circulating immune complexes (CIC) have been found in sera from eight normal subjects. Levels of CIC rose to significantly higher levels in ten patients with idiopathic immune complex glomerulonephritis and return to fasting levels was significantly delayed. The type of CIC detected bore no relation to those in renal biopsy material. The CIC which accumulated in GN were small (MW similar to or approximately 350,000), and plasma exchange did not influence the extent or duration of CIC rise following the meal. An immunological defect manifested by impaired clearance of frequently encountered antigens may exist in subjects who develop GN. The CIC detected in the serum of these patients may be markers of this state and cannot be assumed to be the pathogenic agents in the disease. PMID- 7288869 TI - Complement levels in cigarette smokers: elevation of serum concentrations of C5, C9, and C1-inhibitor. AB - Serum levels of 13 individual complement component and control proteins were measured in 25 male cigarette smokers and 25 male non-smokers. A significant elevation of the mean serum levels of C5, C9 and C1-inhibitor was demonstrated for the smokers while levels of C1q, C2, C4, C3, C6, C8, Factor B, properdin, C3b inactivator and beta 1H did not differ significantly between the two groups. Serum level of C9 in individual smokers correlated significantly with both the present amount of consumption and cumulative consumption, while C5 level correlated with present consumption. The complement profile in the cigarette smoker is similar to that observed in certain inflammatory conditions. The elevation of C5, C9 and C1-inhibitor levels may reflect the presence of a low grade inflammatory process in the cigarette smoker. PMID- 7288871 TI - Effect of glucocorticosteroid therapy on the immune system of patients with nonimmunologically mediated dermatoses. AB - Humoral and cellular immunologic studies were carried out to define the effect of steroid treatment on the immune system of patients with non-immunologically mediated dermatoses. The cellular immune response as measured by PHA and Con A induced lymphoblastogenesis was highly impaired, being reduced in 79% and 66%, respectively, of the cases. The peripheral and bone marrow lymphocyte subpopulation and PPD skin reaction were only slightly affected by steroid administration. Histologic studies of lymph node biopsies showed atrophy, fibrosis and fat degeneration. The immunoglobulin and complement levels and humoral antibody responses to typhoid vaccine, diphtheria toxoid and bacteriophage phi--x 174 were mildly affected. The impairment of immune systems induced by steroids was largely reversible, while the PHA induced blastogenesis and pathological changes in the lymph nodes were irreversible. In comparison with experimental animal studies using massive doses of steroids, the immune system in man was not significantly affected by administration of small doses on a long term basis in clinical practice. PMID- 7288872 TI - The isolation of a lectin-like molecule from Corynebacterium parvum (NCTC 10390). AB - A mannose specific lectin has been isolated by affinity chromatography from the cell wall of C. parvum. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that the lectin molecules lie in the molecular weight range 57,000--72,000. It appears that C. parvum like E. coli and salmonellae express lectins that bind to cells expressing mannose in their membranes. This may partly account for the interaction between C. parvum and the macrophage leading to the various immunological phenomena associated with C. parvum administration. PMID- 7288870 TI - Demonstration of neutrophil dysfunction in the serum of patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - The neutrophil function of 12 patients with cystic fibrosis was evaluated via the new Immunobead/NBT dye reduction test. While the neutrophils appeared to be hyperfunctional when studied in the standard assay using fetal calf serum, we demonstrated a significant neutrophil dysfunction when studied in their own respective serum. The dysfunction involved both the phagocytic and intracellular killing ability of the cells, which we postulate is due to an inhibitory factor present in the patient's serum. The inhibitory factor did not appear to be related to the level of circulating immune complexes. PMID- 7288873 TI - Effects of cholera toxin on lymphoid system. I. Reduction of thymus cells after cholera toxin injection. AB - One microgram of cholera toxin was injected intravenously into DDD and AKR mice and its effects on lymphoid tissues were examined at various intervals. A remarkable reduction of thymus cells were revealed from days 1 to 11 and from days 1 to 7 in DDD and AKR mice, respectively. Only slight effects were detected on the numbers of spleen cells and peripheral blood leukocytes in both strains throughout the observation period. PMID- 7288874 TI - Effects of cholera toxin on the lymphoid system II. Selective augmentation of delayed footpad reaction in mice. AB - Effects on immune responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) were examined at various intervals after an intravenous injection of 1 microgram of cholera toxin in DDD and AKR mice. Delayed footpad reaction was augmented by pretreatment with cholera toxin 1, 7 or 10 days before immunization in both strains. The delayed reaction was not suppressed even in the presence of a prominent antibody production. In mice given cholera toxin, macrophage migration inhibition was not positive 5 days after immunization, but became weakly positive 10 days after immunization. Antibody production against SRBC especially of IgG class, was facilitated, when cholera toxin was given one day before immunization, on the other hand, antibody production was suppressed irrespective of immunizing routes and mouse strains. Similar results were observed in guinea pigs which were injected with 1 microgram of cholera toxin 0 or 7 days before immunization with bovine gamma globulin in complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Erythema was augmented strikingly by cholera toxin, while macrophage migration inhibition was affected scarcely. PMID- 7288875 TI - Transitory and persistent IgA deficiency. Reevaluation of 19 pediatric patients once found to be deficient in serum IGA. AB - In 21 out of 5181 serum samples tested between 1968 and 1977 IgA was not detectable. In this subsequent study, 19 individuals could be reinvestigated by clinical and laboratory methods. At reevaluation 26% showed high, 16% normal and 58% subnormal serum IgA. Late maturation of the IgA system therefore occurs frequently. Lack of secretory IgA was proven in 16% and the material used were tears: even in the group with subnormal IgA clinical manifestations are minimal. Development, compensatory mechanisms and criteria for a new definition of selective IgA deficiency are discussed. PMID- 7288876 TI - Comparison of two modes of stress measurement: daily hassles and uplifts versus major life events. AB - The standard life events methodology for the prediction of psychological symptoms was compared with one focusing on relatively minor events, namely, the hassles and uplifts of everyday life. Hassles and Uplifts Scales were constructed and administered once a month for 10 consecutive months to a community sample of middle-aged adults. It was found that the Hassles Scale was a better predictor of concurrent and subsequent psychological symptoms than were the life events scores, and that the scale shared most of the variance in symptoms accounted for by life events. When the effects of life events scores were removed, hassles and symptoms remained significantly correlated. Uplifts were positively related to symptoms for women but not for men. Hassles and uplifts were also shown to be related, although only modestly so, to positive and negative affect, thus providing discriminate validation for hassles and uplifts in comparison to measures of emotion. It was concluded that the assessment of daily hassles and uplifts may be a better approach to the prediction of adaptational outcomes than the usual life events approach. PMID- 7288878 TI - Pinpointing: one method of improving staff compliance with rehabilitation regimens. AB - This project investigated the effects of a systematic pinpointing and feedback system upon staff follow-through with assignments on a rehabilitation inpatient service. The number and percentage of tasks were recorded over 8 weeks. An ABAB time series reversal design was used where the baseline phases occurred during weeks 1--2 and 5--6, and the intervention occurred during weeks 3--4 and 7--8. Intervention consisted of directing chart round interactions so that assignments were given to specific team members and a list of these tasks was distributed to the team. Results indicated that team performance was significantly affected during intervention weeks. Specifically, the percentage of pinpointing increased from 40% during baseline to an intervention average of 96%. Also, team compliance increased from baseline levels averaging 44% to a mean of 87% during the intervention. The effects of such inexpensive techniques on team effectiveness and the resultant cost benefits to patients in a rehabilitation setting are reviewed. PMID- 7288877 TI - Intervention strategies to improve compliance with medical regimens by ambulatory hemodialysis patients. AB - This research examined the relative efficacies of three intervention strategies designed to increase compliance to medical regimens in a group of ambulatory hemodialysis patients. The interventions examined included behavioral contracting (with or without the involvement of a family member or friend) and weekly telephone contacts with patients. Compliance was assessed with regard to following dietary restrictions and limiting fluid intake. Data were collected from 116 patients drawn from two outpatient clinics. Within clinics, patients were randomly assigned either to an intervention program or to a control group. The study employed a pretest-posttest control group design. Patients were interviewed before the intervention programs began (T1), after a 6-week intervention period (T2), and 3 months after completion of the intervention period (T3). Results showed that the interventions achieved substantial reductions in patients' serum potassium levels and in weight gains between dialysis treatments between T1 and T2. In general, however, these program effects tapered off to preintervention levels between T2 and T3. The findings thus indicate a need for long-term intervention programs. PMID- 7288879 TI - Visualization of nascent RNA transcripts and simultaneous transcription and replication in viral nucleoprotein complexes from adenovirus 2-infected HeLa cells. PMID- 7288880 TI - Visualization of the major late R strand transcription unit of adenovirus serotype 2. PMID- 7288881 TI - A new model for the geometry of the binding of myosin crossbridges to muscle thin filaments. PMID- 7288882 TI - Structure of imidazole methemoglobin. PMID- 7288883 TI - Circular dichroism studies of papaya mosaic virus coat protein and its polymers. PMID- 7288884 TI - Comparative cardiac anatomy of the reptilia. IV. The coronary arterial circulation. AB - The coronary arterial supply and associated structures have been examined and described for 29 species covering 11 reptilian families, with supplementary observations on other species. Variation in the origin, number, and configuration of coronary arterial vessels is mainly interfamilial and the same is true regarding the presence or absence of a gubernaculum cordis. It is suggested that the presence of a hitherto unrecognized intertruncal branch of the coronary artery has been responsible for much of the alleged intrafamilial variation reported in earlier literature. A general review of the cardiac blood supply and coronary arterial supply of other lower vertebrates is presented and used as a basis for interpreting phyletic and functional aspects of the reptilian conditions. PMID- 7288886 TI - The fully formed chondrocranium of the agamid lizard, Agama pallida. AB - Major features of interest in the mature chondrocranium of Agama pallida are striking curvature of the nasal region, lack of the paranasal cartilage and concha nasalis, and presence of a cartilaginous roof over Jacobson's organ. In addition, the course of the ethmoid nerve deviates from the normal lacertilian pattern; there is no foramen epiphaniale, and the temporal region is reduced. The prefacial commissure and facial foramen lie in front of the cochlear portion of the auditory capsule, whereas the prominentia semicircularis anterior is separated from the rest of the otic capsule. Several chondrocranial characters are suggested to be unique to the agamids. PMID- 7288885 TI - Retinal afferents and efferents of an infrared sensitive snake, Crotalus viridis. AB - The retinal afferents and efferents were examined in Crotalus viridis. Retinofugal fibers were traced by injecting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or tritiated leucine into the eye, or by removing the eye and staining degenerating axons with silver methods. Terminations were seen contralaterally in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei (extensive), the pretectal nuclei, including the nucleus posterodorsalis (a very heavy input), the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, nucleus geniculatus pretectalis, and nucleus pretectalis, the superficial layers of the optic tectum, including the stratum zonale, the stratum opticum, the stratum griseum et fibrosum centrale and the upper portion of stratum griseum centrale, and the basal optic nucleus. Ipsilateral input reaches the intermediate portion of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, a small portion of the pretectal nucleus and nucleus posterodorsalis, and the basal optic nucleus (very minimally). Retinopedal fibers were traced with the HRP method. The cell bodies lie in the ventral thalamus within the nucleus of the ventral supraoptic decussation. These neurons project primarily to the contralateral retina, but some more rostrally located neurons project to the ipsilateral retina. PMID- 7288887 TI - Vascular architecture and intestinal hematopoietic nests of two cyclostomes, Eptatretus burgeri and ammoncoetes of Entosphenus reissneri: a comparative morphological study. AB - Vascular architecture and the structure of the intestinal hematopoietic centers of two cyclostomes, the hagfish Eptatretus burgeri and the ammocoetes larva of Entosphenus reissneri, are compared. Blood cells of the hagfish are generated in hematopoietic nests that develop around intestinal veins established primarily for transport of absorbed nutrients. In ammocoetes, on the other hand, blood cells are generated in hematopoietic nests of the typhlosole, closely associated with venous sinusoids developing around the longitudinally oriented mesenteric artery of the typhlosole. A collateral vein of the mesenteric artery is completed in the typhlosole after metamorphosis. Since the spleen of higher vertebrates develops in relation to establishment of the collateral vein of the largest foregut artery, the intestinal hematopoietic nests of ammocoetes may be regarded as a model of the primitive form of the spleen of higher vertebrates. Hematopoiesis in the hagfish intestine is not related to establishment of a collateral vein; hence "primitive spleen" or "intestinal spleen" may be improper terms in reference to the intestinal hematopoietic tissue of the hagfish. Morphological characteristics of the hematopoietic nests of the two cyclostomes are essentially the same. Blood cells of these nests are generated in the intervenous tissue, supported by interstitial connective tissue cells and reticulin fibers. Granulated cells are the most common type in the primitive hematopoietic nests. No definitive erythrothrombocytopoiesis has been identified. Lymphocytes have not been observed in the hagfish; however, small lymphocytes have been observed in the vascular lumen of sinusoids around the hematopoietic nests of ammocoetes. These lymphocytes probably originate outside of the typhlosole. PMID- 7288888 TI - Simulation of protein evolution by random fixation of allowed codons. AB - Computer simulation of protein evolution is based on a simple model consisting of random fixation of allowed codons (RFAC). Random replacement of single nucleotides occurs in a DNA sequence. If this results in any of the synonomous codons for allowed amino acids the mutation is fixed, if not, there is no change in the DNA and the cycle is repeated. Multiple fixations at the same nucleotide site, back mutations, degenerate fixations and coincidental identity of amino acids all occur. RFAC simulation begins with a single DNA sequence and follows a phylogeny based on the fossil record. The rate of fixation at the level of DNA is constant. The model upon which RFAC simulation is based is the same as the neutral theory of molecular evolution. The simulation is therefore a test of this theory. The results of simulated and real evolution are compared for fibrinopeptides A in mammals and cytochromes C and hemoglobin alpha and beta chains in vertebrates. In each case the allowed variation at each site has been set equal to that observed, twice that observed and all protein amino acids. Rates of fixation vary from 2.4 X 10(-10) to 10(-8) accepted nucleotide fixations per codon per year. There is some, although never excellent, agreement between real and simulated evolution, the better fits are obtained in the cases of fibrinopeptides A and cytochromes C. The major source of discrepancy between real evolution and simulation is irregularities in the rates of real evolution. RFAC simulation is compared with the random evolutionary hit (REH) model, augmented maximum parsimony and the accepted point mutations (PAM) approach. PMID- 7288889 TI - Origin of life between Scylla and Charybdis. AB - The "package model" discussed here is concerned with the preservation of genetic information by primordial compartments. Each viable "package" encloses a complete set of unlinked genes in varying numbers of copies. Due to stochastic distribution and error-prone replication two potent perils endanger the informational integrity of packages: fluctuation and mutation. A computer simulation was used to quantify the effects of fluctuation, mutation, and package death by accident. Assuming reasonable rates for these parameters it is suggested that life started out with compartments containing not more than 3 different genes. PMID- 7288890 TI - Evolutionary distances in Hawaiian Drosophila measured by DNA reassociation. AB - Comparisons of the sequence divergence of three species of Hawaiian Drosophila have been made by hybridization of single-copy tracer DNA of each of the species with driver DNA from each species, and measurement of the average melting temperature (Tma) in a chaotropic solvent (2.4 M tetraethylammonium chloride) which minimizes differences due to base composition. Correction was made for the length of hybrid duplex regions to obtain the reduction in thermal stability due to divergence. An accuracy of +/- 0.2 degrees C was achieved and the mean reduction in Tm for hybridization between D. heteroneura and D. silvestris (found only on the island of Hawaii) was 0.55 degrees C and between D. picticornis, found only on the island of Kauai, and the other two species was 2.13 degrees C. The rate of DNA change is estimated to be between 0.2 and 0.4%/My by assuming that the D. heteroneura-D. silvestris divergence occurred 0.8 My ago and the divergence between these species and D. picticornis between 4 and 6 My ago. The general single copy DNA sequence divergence appears to be very much greater than the minimal coding region sequence divergence previously estimated from allozyme studies. PMID- 7288891 TI - Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. AB - The application of maximum likelihood techniques to the estimation of evolutionary trees from nucleic acid sequence data is discussed. A computationally feasible method for finding such maximum likelihood estimates is developed, and a computer program is available. This method has advantages over the traditional parsimony algorithms, which can give misleading results if rates of evolution differ in different lineages. It also allows the testing of hypotheses about the constancy of evolutionary rates by likelihood ratio tests, and gives rough indication of the error of ;the estimate of the tree. PMID- 7288892 TI - Effects of sulfuric acid aerosols on pulmonary function of guinea pigs. AB - Forty-seven Hartley guinea pigs were exposed for 1 h to approximately 1 micrometer (mass median aerodynamic diameter) sulfuric acid aerosols at concentrations that ranged from 1.2 to 48.3 mg/m3. Ten animals (controls) were exposed to filtered room air only. Eight H2SO4-exposed animals exhibited marked increases in total pulmonary resistance and marked decreases in dynamic compliance. Four of these eight "responsive" animals died during exposure. All other H2SO4-exposed animals exhibited no major difference from controls and were termed nonresponsive. The proportion of responsive to nonresponsive animals increased with exposure concentration, but the magnitude of pulmonary function change was similar for all responsive animals regardless of concentration. Compared to nonresponders, responsive animals had higher preexposure values of tidal transpulmonary pressure excursions and total pulmonary resistance and lower values of dynamic compliance. Preexposure transpulmonary pressure excursions were positively correlated with minute volume only for nonresponsive animals; transpulmonary pressure excursions were positively correlated with total pulmonary resistance in responsive animals. The results suggest that the Hartley guinea pig reacts to inhaled H2SO4 with an essentially all-or-none airway constrictive response and that an animal's sensitivity to this response may be related to its preexposure airway caliber. PMID- 7288893 TI - Effect of in vivo ozone exposure on in vitro pulmonary alveolar macrophage mobility. AB - The effect of in vivo O3 exposure on the mobility of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) in vitro was investigated. Eight randomly selected rats were exposed for 4 h. Four rats were exposed to a clean air (sham) atmosphere, and four to an atmosphere containing 1ppm O3. PAM were obtained by lung lavage and placed on gold-colloid coated coverslips. The area cleared of gold particles by migrating PAM after 24, 48, and 72 h was used as an indicator of cell mobility. The number of PAM recoverable by lavage was similar for both groups (2 x 10(5)), but the percentage of macrophages that made tracks was significantly smaller with 95% certainty in the O3 group. For sham-exposed and O3-exposed groups, the area cleared by PAM increased as the length of incubation increased, with the area cleared by the sham-exposed group being about 50% greater during each time period. When the two groups were compared statistically at each time point, the probability that they differed was, in each case, greater than 95%. It was concluded that the in vitro migrational potential of PAM was most likely decreased by in vivo exposure to O3. PMID- 7288895 TI - Bioassay of a cigarette smoke fraction. I. Examination of dose-response relations and dilution bioassay assumptions in a ciliostasis system. AB - Ciliostasis times of the water-soluble smoke fraction of the University of Kentucky 1R1 Reference Cigarette and experimental cigarettes were compared in the hamster tracheal ring system. Dose-response relations were critically examined, and the assumptions of a dilution bioassay were tested. The model in which a logarithmic transformation was used for both mean time to ciliostasis and smoke sample concentration gave the most satisfactory linear fit. At appropriate concentrations, the ciliostatic responses of the test tobacco smokes were found to be parallel to those of the 1R1, supporting the validity of the dilution bioassay assumptions. Details of experiments and analyses are presented as examples of some of the steps required to establish valid bioassay systems. PMID- 7288894 TI - Vitamin E supplementation and respiratory effects of ozone in humans. AB - To determine whether vitamin E (di-alpha-tocopherol) supplementation could protect against short-term respiratory responses to O3 exposure its effects were investigated in young healthy adult volunteers. Experimental groups received 800 or 1600 IU vitamin E per day for 9 or more wk, while control groups received placebo. Subjects were then exposed for 2-h periods to 0.5 ppm O3, with secondary stresses of heat and intermittent light exercise. Responses to O3 exposure, evaluated in terms of symptoms, forced expiratory performance, and single-breath nitrogen washout, were not significantly different between vitamin E and placebo groups. PMID- 7288896 TI - Bioassay of a cigarette smoke fraction, II. Experimental design and potency estimations. AB - A series of experimental designs aimed at collecting and analyzing ciliostasis data in the most efficient and statistically valid manner was examined. The design that proved best for assessing water-soluble tobacco smoke samples in the hamster tracheal ring system utilized two dose levels of the University of Kentucky 1R1 reference cigarette (which functions as a reference as well as a continuing check on the dose-response relation in each experiment) plus several test tobacco smoke samples, each at a single dose level. A pair of animals formed the basis of a randomized block design, with one of the technician X sample preparation degrees of freedom confounded with animal differences within a pair. Assessment of the test samples can thus be expressed in terms of potency relative to the 1R1 reference. Control chart procedures were an essential facet of the system. Details of experiments and methods of data analysis are presented as examples of some of the steps required ot establish valid bioassay systems. PMID- 7288898 TI - Amygdalin metabolism and effect on reproduction of rats fed apricot kernels. AB - Diets containing 10% ground apricot kernels were fed to young and breeding male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The kernels werE obtained from 35 specific apricot cultivars and divided into groups containing low amygdalin (less than 50 mg cyanide per 100 g), moderate amygdalin (100-200 mg cyanide per 100 g), or high amygdalin (more than 200 mg cyanide per 100 g). Growth of young male rats was greatest in the low- or moderate-amygdalin group which may indicate only that they were more sensitive to the bitter taste of the kernels with high amygdalin contents. In female rats, but not males, liver rhodanese activity and thiocyanate (SCN) blood levels were increased with the high-amygdalin diet, but both male and females efficiently excreted thiocyanate, indicating efficient detoxication and clearance of cyanide hydrolyzed from the dietary amygdalin. No changes in blood chemistry were observed. Although parturition and 3-d survival indices were poor in pups from dams fed a basal semisynthetic diet, offspring of breeding rats fed the high-amygdalin diet for 18 wk had lower 3-d survival indices, lactation indices, and weaning weights than those in the low-amygdalin group. This may indicate that the cyanide present in the milk may not be efficiently detoxified to SCN and excreted by neonates. PMID- 7288897 TI - Teratogenicity of secalonic acid D in mice. AB - Teratogenicity and fetotoxicity of secalonic acid D, a toxic fungal metabolite produced by Penicillium oxalicum, were investigated with pregnant CD1 mice. The compound was administered ip on d 7-15 of pregnancy. A dose-dependent reduction in weight gain of mothers receiving all doses of secalonic acid D and an increase in resorptions of implanted embryos of dams treated with more than 5 mg/kg secalonic acid D occurred. The latter effect was nearly 100% at 15 or 9 mg/kg given in NaHCO3 with or without dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively. A corresponding decrease in the percent of live fetuses and a decrease in the average fetal body weight on d 19 of pregnancy also occurred. Multiple gross, skeletal, and visceral anomalies were noted in fetuses born to mothers receiving 10 mg/kg or more in NaHCO3 containing DMSO. In NaHCO3 alone, the minimum teratogenic dose was 6 mg/kg. Major malformations included cleft palate, cleft lip, open eyelids, missing phalangeal ossification centers, and shortened mandibles. The results indicated that secalonic acid D is embryocidal and teratogenic as well as fetotoxic when given to female CD1 mice during pregnancy. PMID- 7288899 TI - Determination of organochlorine pesticides and metabolites in drinking water, human blood serum, and adipose tissue. AB - Previously published analytical procedures by which drinking water, human blood serum, and adipose tissue may be analyzed for trace amounts of organochlorine pesticides have been modified to permit use of smaller samples. Data on percent recovery, detector sensitivity, and limit of detectability have been collected for each of the three reported procedures. The methodology has been applied to 59 blood samples, 20 drinking water samples, and 10 necropsy adipose tissue samples. Only hexachlorobenzene and dieldrin were detected in water. Hexachlorobenzene, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, dieldrin, p,p'DDE, and p,p'DDT were present in blood. No heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor, or o,p'-DDT was found. In.fat, the compounds present in blood plus oxychlordane, heptachlor epoxide, and trans-nonachlor were detected. No heptachlor, aldrin, o,p'-DDT, or alpha- or gamma-chlordane was present. The reported values are representative of the levels of persistent organochlorine pesticides and pesticide metabolites found in 1978 in white female residents of Dade County, Florida. PMID- 7288900 TI - Toxicological properties of phosphorothioate and related esters present as impurities in technical organophosphorus insecticides. AB - O,O,S-Trimethyl phosphorothioate, an impurity in several technical organophosphorus insecticides, when administered orally to rats at single doses as low as 15 mg/kg caused delayed mortality, with death occurring 4-22 d after treatment. Delayed toxic signs were also observed in mice, but mice were generally less sensitive than rats. O,O,S-triethyl phosphorothioate and O,S,S trimethyl phosphorodithioate induced the same signs of intoxication at slightly higher doses. Rats treated with O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate refused food and water within 24 h after treatment and did not eat or drink until the time of death. Neither injection of nutrient solution nor atropine served to reduce or block intoxication. However, the isomeric O,O,O-trimethyl phosphorothioate was a potent antagonist of the toxicity of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate. As little as 1% of the O,O,O-trimethyl isomer protected rats from the intoxicating effects of the O,O,S-trimethyl isomer at doses as high as 200 mg/kg. Rat serum carboxylesterase and cholinesterase were inhibited for prolonged periods after a single oral dose of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate, but the duration of inhibition was significantly less when the toxicant contained 1% O,O,O-trimethyl isomer. PMID- 7288901 TI - Mutagenicity of N-nitroso derivatives of carbofuran and its toxic metabolites. AB - Carbofuran (CF), an insecticide and nematocide, is metabolically oxidized to two less toxic forms, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran. The N-nitroso derivatives of carbofuran and its metabolites were synthesized by reaction with nitrite under acidic conditions. Products of the reaction were obtained by extraction, identified by thin-layer chromatography, and purified by silica gel column chromatography. All three nitroso derivatives reacted positively with Gries reagent and gave characteristic triplet absorption spectra (387, 402, and 422 nm). Structural confirmation was by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Mutagenicity was determined by the Ames assay method with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. The nitroso derivatives of all three compounds responded similarly, given a mutation ratio of 45 at 5 micrograms per plate on TA100. In addition, all three produced chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Only two of the three (nitrosocarbofuran and 3 hydroxynitrosocarbofuran) were also capable of inducing large numbers of sister chromatid exchanges in the same cells. Observed variations in maximum mutagenicity in the Ames test and the ability to induce sister chromatid exchanges in CHO cells are consistent with the stability of the compounds in aqueous solution. PMID- 7288902 TI - Thiram-induced disturbance of microsomal phospholipid bioformation and phospholipid fatty acid pattern. AB - In rats, a single oral dose of 30 mg or 1 g thiram per kilogram produced a significant prolongation of the hexobarbital sleeping time or zoxazolamine paralysis time, respectively, a depression of hepatic microsomal O-demethylation of p-nitroanisole to p-nitrophenol, and a decrease in the microsomal cytochrome P 450 content. In addition, incorporation of 14C activity from glucose, glycerol, and palmitic acid into phospholipids (PLs) decreased in most of the components, showing a compensatory increase in only a few of them. Fatty acid (FA) concentrations in phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecules were increased or decreased from one FA class to the other. This alteration of the FA concentrations in PC and PE, respectively, was virtually exclusively in position 2 of the two PL molecules. The total content of saturated FAs in PC and PE was significantly decreased only after 1 g/kg thiram; this was associated with an increase in total unsaturated FAs. The multiple changes in the bioformation and composition of microsomal membrane PLs suggest a disturbance of the monooxygenase system. It is conceivable that there is an interrelationship between the observed impairment and the inhibitory effect of thiram on the microsomal monoxygenases (MMs). PMID- 7288903 TI - Tissue metallothionein: dietary interaction of cadmium and zinc with copper, mercury, and silver. AB - The interaction of dietary Cd and Zn with Cu, Hg, and Ag in relation to tissue metallothionein (MT) was studied with rats. Dietary Cd was found to increase the deposition of Cu and Ag in liver and kidney MT. Cd also caused accumulation of Hg in liver MT but depletion of Hg in kidney MT. In contrast to Cd, high dietary levels of Zn had no influence on the deposition of these metals in MT when they were included in the diet. When Zn was fed in the diet and Cu, Cd, Hg, and Ag were injected into rats, Zn caused increased deposition of these metals in MT, suggesting an interaction at the intestinal level. Hg and Cd were distributed between the two species of MT, but Cu was found predominantly in one of the MT species. Evidence was obtained that Ag was bound to a different MT species than Hg, Cu, or Cd when included in the diet containing Cd. PMID- 7288904 TI - Analysis of in vivo results of cyclophosphamide-induced chromosomal damage in mammals from sensitivity and statistical aspects. AB - Metaphase analysis, the micronucleus test, and the dominant lethal assay were performed in rodents with cyclophosphamide. The variance in the results indicated that use of binomial statistics (or the Poisson or normal approximations of this distribution) would be inappropriate for determination of significance. This conclusion was reinforced by finding that negative binomial distributions best explained certain aspects of the data, as well as being theoretically more likely. Because there was no simple significance test based on negative binomial statistics and there was some doubt about the distributional form, a distribution free significance test seemed most appropriated. Thus a one-sided Kolomogorov Smirnov two-sample test was used. Although both the dominant lethal assay and metaphase analysis proved superior to the micronucleus test in terms of degree of response, this advantage was more than offset by the lesser difficulties and greater number of cells that could be analyzed in the micronucleus assay. PMID- 7288905 TI - Effect of cefazolin on aminotransferase activity in the rat. AB - Cefazolin given sc to male rats in daily doses of 0.5-2 g per kilogram of body weight significantly decreased alanine aminotranferase activity in serum, liver, kidney, heart, and brain 2-4 wk from the beginning of the treatment. Serum aspartate aminotransferase was also reduced, but serum alkaline phosphatase and tissue pyruvate decarboxylase activities remained unaltered. In female rats, daily sc administration of cefazolin at 0.1-1 g/kg also brought about a dose related reduction of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities, which reached statistical significance at high dose levels. The effect of cefazolin at low concentrations was partly reversed by administration of pyridoxal in vivo. Paradoxically, at higher dose levels pyridoxal potentiated the action of cefazolin on serum aminotranferases. The low enzyme activities were elevated by subsequent addition of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in vitro. Similar results were obtained when rats were treated with isoniazid at daily oral doses of 200 mg/kg; administration of pyridoxal completely restored alanine aminotransferase activity to the normal level within 2 wk. Cefazolin was metabolized in vivo, resulting in some metabolites that probably possessed a hydrazine group, since positive reactions were obtained with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and Fast Blue B salt. The potentiation of decreased aminotransferase activity by pyridoxal indicated, however, some dissimilarity in the effect between isoniazid and cefazolin. PMID- 7288907 TI - Ethanol potentiation of methyl mercury toxicity: a preliminary report. AB - The ability of ethanol to affect hindlimb ataxia and body weight changes induced by methyl mercury was studied in rats. Animals treated with either water or ethanol increased in body weight during the experiment and showed no impairment of hindlimb movement. Rats treated with methyl mercury also increased in body weight but developed moderate hindlimb ataxia. Animals treated with ethanol and methyl mercury initially gained but subsequently lost weight and exhibited severe hindlimb ataxia. The results provide evidence that ethanol can potentiate methyl mercury toxicity in rats and, by implication, in humans. PMID- 7288906 TI - Effects of maternal environment and postnatal multiple testing on adult rat offspring. AB - Two hundred thirty Wistar rats, obtained from undisturbed mothers and from mothers that were exposed to temporary isolation and/or laparotomy, were randomly exposed to three of the following specific behavioral test procedures: (1) conditioned avoidance response, (2) water T-maze, (3) open field, (4) activity wheel, (5) forelimb hanging, and (6) swimming. Performance of the offspring was examined during adulthood. Effects of previous testing on later testing performance and performance correlation between the two testing procedures were analyzed. The results indicate that (1) the maternal conditions manipulated in this study do not significantly affect behavior in the adult offspring (p greater than 0.05), and (2) performance of a previous task by the offspring does not significantly alter, and is not correlated with, the performance level on a second, unrelated task. Therefore, within these parameters, rats can be used for multiple testing procedures in a more practical and less costly means of behavioral investigation. These findings may be useful in the development and refinement of postnatal developmental toxicological screening procedures for agents that may be harmful to humans. PMID- 7288908 TI - Aflatoxin in respirable corn dust particles. AB - Samples of airborne grain dust representing a variety of grains were examined for the presence of aflatoxins. Although aflatoxins could not be detected in most of the samples, one corn sample contained 130 ppb aflatoxin B1. When the components of this sample were separated according to aerodynamic diameter and analyzed for aflatoxins, it was found that particles with diameters 7-11 micrometers and less than 7 micrometers had much higher levels of aflatoxins than the sample as a whole. These findings suggest that measurements of aflatoxin in whole corn might underestimate aflatoxin levels in corn dust aerosols. PMID- 7288909 TI - Dietary bulk as a limiting factor for nutrient intake--with special reference to the feeding of pre-school children. III. Studies of malted flour from ragi, sorghum and green gram. PMID- 7288910 TI - Integrated family planning activities in maternal and child health centres in Cap Bon, Tunisia. 1. Methodology and results. PMID- 7288911 TI - Integrated family planning activities in maternal and child health centres in Cap Bon, Tunisia. II: Use of a family planning technical card in an integrated maternal and child health program. PMID- 7288912 TI - Neonatal septicaemia at the Jordan University Hospital. PMID- 7288913 TI - Maternal and child care in rural areas: the role of traditional birth attendants in Bendel State of Nigeria. PMID- 7288914 TI - Infant feeding in developing countries: combating the multinationals imperative. PMID- 7288915 TI - Assessment of health education in nutrition. PMID- 7288916 TI - Attendance pattern of patients. A study of out-patient attendance and drop-out rates. PMID- 7288917 TI - Expression of viral DNA in adenovirus type 12-transformed cells, in tumor cells, and in revertants. AB - The expression as cytoplasmic RNA of integrated human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) DNA in transformed and tumor cell lines and in revertants was investigated. The transformed and tumor cells contained multiple copies of the viral genome, 3 to 22 copies per cell in different cell lines. The integrated Ad12 DNA molecules persisted intact or nearly intact and in most cases colinear with the virion DNA. In the revertant cell lines, which were derived from cell line T637 (22 copies of Ad12 DNA per cell), all of the Ad12 DNA molecules were lost (line F10) or only one copy and a fraction of a second copy persisted (line TR12). The size classes and map locations of Ad12-specific cytoplasmic RNAs in three Ad12-transformed hamster cell lines (T637, HA12/7, and A2497-3), in two revertant lines (F10 and TR12), in one Ad12-induced hamster (CLAC3), and in one rat brain tumor line (RBT12/3) were determined. Cytoplasmic RNA from uninfected B3 hamster cells and from human KB cells productively infected with Ad12 served as controls. In the latter control experiments, the RNA was isolated early or late postinfection. With respect to the amounts of Ad12-specific RNAs detected in cytoplasmic RNA from various Ad12-transformed or Ad12-induced tumor cell lines, we could not establish any correlations to the number of Ad12 genome copies integrated into the cellular DNAs. Thus, the expression of the integrated viral genomes in these lines was regulated by mechanisms more complicated than simple gene dosage effects. Using cloned fragments of Ad12 DNA as hybridization probes, we analyzed the cytoplasmic RNAs from the cell lines mentioned by electrophoresis on agarose gels, blotting, and DNA-RNA hybridization. For each transformed and tumor cell line, except for the revertants, several size classes of Ad12-specific cytoplasmic RNA were detected for the early E1, E2, and E4 regions of Ad12 DNA. Some of these size classes were similar but not identical to those observed in cytoplasmic RNA isolated early from human KB cells productively infected with Ad12. Only cell lines A2497-3, T637, and RBT12/3 contained several size classes of cytoplasmic RNA homologous to the E3 region of Ad12 DNA. Weak homologies to the E1 region of Ad12 DNA were also detected in the revertant lines F10 and TR12. Late regions of Ad12 DNA were expressed as cytoplasmic RNA in cell lines CLAC3 and RBT12/3. Weak homologies were detected between certain segments of the Ad12 genome (the EcoRI-B, -C, and -D fragments) and the cytoplasmic RNA from uninfected hamster cells. These homologies had no apparent counterpart at the level of DNA, perhaps because these homologies could be detected only due to an overrepresentation of RNA sequences. In preliminary experiments, we failed to detect the expression as cytoplasmic RNA of the so-called virus-associated RNA in transformed and tumor cell lines. Virus-associated RNA represents a population of low-molecular-weight RNAs that map at around 30 fractional length units on the viral genome. PMID- 7288918 TI - Retrovirus gene expression during the cell cycle. I. Virus production, synthesis, and expression of viral proteins in Rauscher murine leukemia virus-infected mouse cells. AB - Synchronized mouse cells (JLS-V9) chronically infected with Rauscher murine leukemia virus were used to study virus production, the synthesis of gag and env precursor proteins, and the expression of env protein on the cell surface during the cell cycle. The amount of virus released into the medium by synchronized cells during a 30-min interval was determined by using the XC plaque assay and by measuring reverse transcriptase activity. The results show that virus production occurs during mitosis. Labeling of the cell surface of synchronized cells with 125I or with fluorescein-conjugated antiserum shows that the amount of gp 70env on the cell surface parallels cellular growth. Therefore, the cell cycle dependent release of virus is not accompanied by similar variations in the amount of viral envelope protein on the cell surface. Immunoprecipitation of cells labeled with [35S]methionine, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was used to measure viral protein synthesis during the cell cycle. The rate of synthesis of gag precursor proteins show three maximums corresponding to the G1, middle S, and late S to G2 phases of the cell cycle. The rate of synthesis of env precursor proteins does not change, suggesting that in these cells the synthesis of these two gene products is controlled separately. PMID- 7288919 TI - Infectious process of the parvovirus H-1: correlation of protein content, particle density, and viral infectivity. AB - The infectious particles of the parvovirus H-1 were characterized with respect to protein content, density in CsCl, and specific infectivity. Heavy-full and light full particles were purified from infected simian virus 40-transformed newborn human kidney (NB) cells and from simian virus 40-transformed hamster kidney (THK) cells. Analysis of the protein content of these particles demonstrated that the ratio of viral protein VP2' to VP2 was the same in heavy-full and light-full particles derived from the same cell line, but differed significantly between the two hosts. However, the infectivity of the particles from each cell line was the same for all four viral species.. Also, in vitro conversion of VP2' to VP2 did not enhance the particle infectivity of either heavy-full or light-full virus. When the fate of input virus was studied with 125I-labeled H-1, the conversion of VP2' to VP2 occurred in a time-dependent manner up to 24 h postinfection. Simultaneous with the proteolytic cleavage, there was a shift in the density of the heavy-full virus to the light-full density. However, protein analysis of the 125I-labeled light-full virus at various times postinfection indicated that they were not enriched in VP2 when compared with heavy-full virus or the total virus population. Thus, the cleavage of VP2' to VP2 is not responsible for the shift in density from heavy-full to light-full virus, and although these events might be required for infection they appear not to be interdependent. PMID- 7288920 TI - Characterization of intracellular and extracellular vaccinia virus variants: N1 isonicotinoyl-N2-3-methyl-4-chlorobenzoylhydrazine interferes with cytoplasmic virus dissemination and release. AB - Infectious vaccinia virus can be purified from whole cells by experimentally induced lysis (intracellular virus) or from supernatant growth medium (extracellular virus). Extracellular virus and intracellular virus differed by buoyant density (1.237 versus 1.272 g/cm3), phospholipid content and composition, and polypeptide pattern. Differences in structural polypeptides on the virus surface could be detected by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination or Brij treatment. Characteristic of extracellular virus was an additional polypeptide, with a molecular weight of 37,000 (37K), which represented 5 to 7% of the total particle protein. Antibodies to the 37K protein detected only some of the cell associated particles late in normal infection. Upon treatment of infected cultures with N1-isonicotinoyl-N2-3-methyl-4-chlorobenzoylhydrazine, a drug which prevents vaccinia virus release, no particle-associated 37K protein could be detected. In all other properties tested so far, except for a slight difference in phospholipid composition, the virus obtained in the presence of the drug resembled the normal intracellular virus. N1-Isonicotinoyl-N2-3-methyl-4 chlorobenzoylhydrazine prevented vesicularization of intracellular viral particles. Lack of vesicularization was accompanied by the absence of particle associated 37K viral protein and seemed to correlate with an inhibition of virus dissemination to the cell periphery. PMID- 7288921 TI - Adenovirus type 5 virions can be assembled in vivo in the absence of detectable polypeptide IX. AB - Mutant dl313 is an adenovirus type 5 deletion mutant which lacks 2,307 base pairs, including the 5' portion of the polypeptide IX gene. Mutant virions did not contain detectable levels of this polypeptide. They were substantially more thermolabile than wild-type particles and did not produce hexon nonomers upon pyridine disruption. PMID- 7288922 TI - Deletion analysis of the cloned replication origin region from bacteriophage M13. AB - A cloned 270-nucleotide fragment from the origin region of the M13 duplex replicative form DNA confers an M13-dependent replication mechanism upon the plasmid vector pBR322. This M13 insert permits M13 helper-dependent replication of the hybrid plasmid in polA cells which are unable to replicate the pBR322 replicon alone. Using in vitro techniques, we have constructed several plasmids containing deletions in the M13 DNa insert. The endpoints of these deletions have been determined by DNA sequence analysis and correlated with the transformation and replication properties of each plasmid. Characterization of these deletion plasmids allows the following conclusions. (i) The initiation site for M13 viral strand replication is required for helper-dependent propagation of the chimeric plasmid. (ii) A DNA sequence in the M13 insert, localized between 89 and 129 nucleotides from the viral strand initiation site, is necessary for efficient transformation of polA cells. A chimeric plasmid containing the viral strand initiation site, but lacking this additional 40 nucleotide M13 sequence, transforms helper-infected cells at a frequency approximately 10(4)-fold less than that of plasmids containing this additional DNA segment. (iii) The entire M13 complementary strand origin can be deleted without affecting M13-dependent transformation by the hybrid plasmids. We propose a model in which replication of one strand of duplex chimera initiates by nicking at the gene II protein nicking site in the viral strand of the M13 insert, followed by asymmetric single-strand synthesis. Initiation of the complementary strand possibly occurs within plasmid sequences. PMID- 7288923 TI - Degradation of intracellular DNA in KB cells infected with cyt mutants of human adenovirus type 12. AB - A group of mutants (cyt mutants) with much reduced oncogenicity was isolated from the highly oncogenic human adenovirus type 12 (Takemori et al., Virology 36: 575 586, 1968). These mutants induce extensive cellular destruction during lytic infection of human cells and produce low yields of virions. We report here that human KB cells infected with cyt mutants synthesized a reduced amount of viral DNA as compared with cells infected with the parental virus. Furthermore, the newly synthesized viral and cellular DNAs were extensively degraded in mutant infected cells. Viral DNA was first synthesized as complete genome size, and most of it was degraded to subgenomic size within 6 h after synthesis. This virus induced DNA degradation function, as well as the low yield of virions, was prevented by co-infection with the parental virus. PMID- 7288924 TI - Second-step transfer of bacteriophage T5 DNA: purification and characterization of the T5 gene A2 protein. AB - Second-step transfer of bacteriophage T5 DNA requires the function of the T5 pre early proteins A1 and A2. We have isolated and characterized the gene A2 protein as part of an effort to determine the mechanism of second-step transfer. The A2 protein was purified by DNA-cellulose column chromatography followed by gel filtration and ion-exchange column chromatography. The A2 protein's identity was confirmed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and thin-layer gel filtration in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride demonstrated a molecular weight of 15,000 for the A2 polypeptide. Migration of the A2 protein through gel filtration columns under nondenaturing conditions, in combination with sedimentation behavior, indicated dimerization of the A2 polypeptide. The existence of the A2 dimer was confirmed by protein cross linking with dimethyl suberimidate and analysis of the cross-linked proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition, degree of polymerization, DNA-binding ability, and physical characteristics of the T5 gene A2 protein are consistent with a function of the A2 protein in DNA transfer. PMID- 7288925 TI - Genetic and amber fragment maps of genes 46 and 47 of bacteriophage T4D. AB - We constructed genetic recombinational maps of genes 46 and 47 by using five amber mutants in gene 46, nine amber mutants in gene 47, and two-factor crosses. Two different amber fragments in gene 46 and three different amber fragments in gene 47 were detected on polyacrylamide slab gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The genetic maps agreed with the amber fragment maps; taken together, the data oriented all of the sites in both genes with respect to each other. Given the relative map positions of genes 46 and 47 determined genetically by Epstein et al. (Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 28:375-394, 1963), our results extend and reinforce the work of Hercules and Sauerbier (J. Virol. 12: 872-881, 1973) and that of Minner and Bernstein (J. Gen. Virol. 31:277-280, 1976), which indicated that the direction of transcription and translation of these genes if counterclockwise on the T4 genetic map (i.e., from gene 47 toward gene 46). PMID- 7288927 TI - Fv-1 host restriction of Friend leukemia virus: analysis of unintegrated proviral DNA. AB - The murine gene Fv-1 predominantly controls the outcome of infection by murine ecotropic retroviruses. The inhibition of virus replication by the Fv-1 gene product has been determined to be at an early stage in virus replication. Mechanistically, its effect appears to be on the accumulation of unintegrated proviral DNA or its integration or both. We investigated the synthesis of unintegrated proviral DNA, using several clones of B-, N-, or NB-tropic Friend murine leukemia virus. Our results indicate that the accumulation of B-tropic proviral DNA in NIH cells may be inhibited at either the level of linear (form III) or covalently closed circular DNA (form I), depending upon the degree of restriction of the clone of virus used. We confirmed that there is an effect of the Fv-1 gene on the accumulation of form I DNA of either B- or N-tropic Friend murine leukemia virus. However, the decrease in infectious centers effected by the Fv-1 gene did not correlate quantitatively with the effect on form I proviral DNA produced by N-tropic Friend murine leukemia virus in nonpermissive cells. Lastly, we demonstrated in nonpermissively infected NIH cells that a rapidly migrating doublet of viral DNA is formed. PMID- 7288926 TI - Insertion of influenza M protein into the viral lipid bilayer and localization of site of insertion. AB - Recent studies with isolated M protein from influenza virus have shown that the protein has a high affinity for lipid. The ability of M to partition into lipid vesicles merely by shaking vesicles and M together is suggestive evidence that the protein could be interacting with the lipid in the virus particle. A more direct analysis was carried our here to determine whether M is in contact with the viral lipid in situ, by using the photoactivatable hydrophobic probe, pyrenesulfonyl azide. Covalent linkage of this probe to M indicated that a segment of M residues with in the virus membrane in contact with the lipid bilayer. M inserted into lipid vesicles at two locations on the molecule. A major insertion into lipid occurred in the middle of the molecule where a large cluster of 20 hydrophobic and neutral amino acids occurs. A second insertion occurred approximately one fourth in from the amino terminus, where a smaller segment of 13 uncharged amino acids is found. Confirmation that M inserted into lipid at these locations came also from results with cyanogen bromide fragments of M. Of the 12 to 13 fragments produced, 3 specifically bound to lipid vesicles. These were the first, second, and third contiguous segments beginnings at the amino terminus and containing the two hydrophobic areas noted above. PMID- 7288929 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: detailed analysis of 29 cases and a brief discussion of atypical presentations. PMID- 7288928 TI - Urolithiasis in hyperuricemia and gout. PMID- 7288930 TI - Radionuclide cystography: the significance of retention time of the refluxed radioisotope. AB - We studied 36 patients with vesicoureteral reflux into 45 renal units by means of isotope cystography and a dynamic renal function scan performed 24 to 48 hours after the cystography. Functional impairment was found in 21 renal units. To evaluate the significance of the time between voiding and complete disappearance of the radioisotope that refluxed from the kidney (retention time) the presence of the labeled particles in the kidney was followed continuously and intermittently during a prolonged interval. There was a significant difference between the retention time found in the impaired kidneys and that in the normally functioning kidneys. In 91.7 per cent of the normally functioning kidneys retention time was less than 5 minutes, whereas in 86 per cent of the impaired kidneys it was more than 10 minutes and in 56 per cent it was more than 20 minutes. No significant correlation was found between the retention time and intrarenal reflux or dilatation of the collecting system (patients classified as having radiological grades III and IV reflux were not included in this study). A retention time greater than 10 minutes may be correlated with decreased renal function. The retention of technetium sulfur colloid particles may be analogous to the retention of similar size bacteria and suggests a possible pathophysiologic explanation for the development of renal dysfunction owing to the prolonged presence of bacteria in the kidney after reflux. PMID- 7288931 TI - Electrohydraulic lithotripsy with aspiration of the fragments under vision--304 consecutive cases. AB - We herein report on 304 consecutive cases of bladder stones treated by electrohydraulic lithotripsy. The special armamentarium is described. The average age for male patients was 68.5 years, the oldest being 102 years, and for female patients it was 63.9 years. Of the patients 38.5 per cent were high risk. The weight of the transurethrally removed stones ranged from 1 to 135 gm. In 70.4 per cent of the male patients transurethral resection of the prostate was done under the same anesthesia and technical problems were encountered in 12 operations (4 per cent). Bladder perforations occurred in 5 patients but cystotomy and drainage were necessary in only 1 (0.3 per cent). PMID- 7288932 TI - Operative management of stress urinary incontinence. AB - A total of 132 women with stress urinary incontinence underwent thorough radiographic and urodynamic evaluation in private urologic practice. With heavy reliance on the readily available technique of bead-chain cystography to differentiate between types I and II abnormalities, and to demonstrate the extent of bladder neck descent, the surgical success rates were 95.8 per cent over-all and 97.3 per cent using the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure. Postoperative complications were minimal and infrequent except for urinary retention in 31.7 per cent, which was managed easily by intermittent self-catheterization that allowed early hospital discharge without an indwelling catheter. PMID- 7288933 TI - Treatment of urinary incontinence with the artificial sphincter. AB - From December 1977 to November 1978, 21 American Medical System 742A artificial sphincters were implanted in 19 male and 2 female patients with a variety of etiologies for incontinence, including post-prostatectomy incontinence, female incontinence following unsuccessful bladder neck suspension and myelodysplasia. Urodynamic evaluation before sphincter placement is reviewed. Eight patients (38 per cent) had excellent or improved results, while 5 (24 per cent) remained unchanged and 5 (24 per cent) suffered urethral erosion. Between January and September 1979, 18 patients had placement of the 742B or 742C model of the sphincter. Again a variety of etiologies for incontinence was represented, including 11 patients with postoperative male incontinence (10 after prostatectomy). Over-all, 9 patients (50 per cent) had excellent or improved results, while 6 (33 per cent) suffered urethral erosion. Of the post prostatectomy group 50 per cent had excellent or improved results, while 50 per cent had erosion. Failures occurred more frequently in women, in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections or neurogenic bladders, and after failure of previous anti-incontinence surgical procedures. PMID- 7288934 TI - The penile versus the perineal approach with the Small-Carrion prosthesis. PMID- 7288935 TI - Jonas silicone-silver penile prosthesis: initial experience in America. AB - A new noninflatable silicone penile prosthesis incorporating a central core of braided silver (Jonas) has been implanted in 29 patients to date. Organic impotence was diagnosed in 24 patients (82 per cent). The complication rate in this initial experience has been approximately 10 per cent. Based on a questionnaire returned by 19 patients (66 per cent) the patient/partner satisfaction was uniformly high. Self-image was reported as improved in 67 per cent. Our initial experience indicates that this prosthesis provides surgical simplicity, superior cosmetic results and an acceptable complication rate compared to other available penile prostheses. PMID- 7288936 TI - Penile arteriography in impotence after pelvic trauma. AB - A patient who was impotent following pelvic trauma was evaluated by penile artheriography. The study revealed bilateral disruption of the internal pudendal artery at the level of the urogenital diaphragm. It is concluded that impotence in this case is vasculogenic, although it is not possible to eliminate conclusively the possibility of neurogenic factors. Evaluation of more patients with this new technique of penile arteriography is necessary to establish the frequency of vasculogenic impotence in pelvic trauma. A review of the current literature revealed that impotence is approximately 10 times more common after conventional retropubic urethral realignment for acute prostatomembranous disruption compared to treatment by cystostomy tube alone. Analysis of the pertinent neurovascular anatomy suggests that when impotence is caused by surgical dissection of the periprostatic region the pathogenesis probably is neurogenic because of injury to the prostatic plexus and/or cavernous nerves, and it may be irreversible. PMID- 7288937 TI - Bowenoid papules of the penis. AB - The histologic finding of intraepithelial carcinoma of the penis presenting clinically as benign-appearing papules has been emphasized recently in the dermatology literature as bowenoid papulosis. We describe a patient who had multiple papules of the penile shaft, a biopsy specimen of which showed the typical histologic pattern of squamous cell carcinoma in situ. A review of the clinical morphologic range of intraepithelial carcinoma of the penis and the clinical resemblance to such conditions as lichen planus and condyloma acuminatum underscores the need to consider the possibility of squamous cell carcinoma in situ being expressed as bowenoid papules. PMID- 7288938 TI - Ultrastructure of Buschke-Loewenstein tumor. AB - A 44-year-old man suffered a Buschke-Loewenstein tumor that was treated by distal penectomy. Ultrastructurally, this tumor showed widened intercellular spaces, prominent microvilli, decreased numbers of and incompletely developed desmosomes, decreased tonofilaments, cytoplasmic dense bodies, enlarged nucleoli and annular nuclear bodies. These ultrastructural features are quite similar to those of squamous carcinoma but are dissimilar to those of condyloma acuminatum and, to a lesser extent, verrucous carcinoma. These data suggest that electron microscopy may be useful in differentiating the neoplastic Buschke-Loewenstein tumor from large condyloma acuminatum. PMID- 7288939 TI - Radiation therapy for nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: a reappraisal. AB - We analyzed the efficacy of radiation therapy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy preceded and followed by radiation therapy as curative treatment in 113 patients with clinical stages I and II nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. Radiation therapy alone was curative in 86 and 82 per cent of the patients with clinical stages I and II disease, respectively, and radiation therapy before and after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy was curative in 89 and 73 per cent of patients with clinical stages I and II disease, respectively. Of 26 patients with clinical stage II disease in the group receiving radiation therapy before and after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy only 13 (50 per cent) had pathologic documentation of retroperitoneal metastasis or histologic evidence of nodal metastases that had been destroyed by radiation therapy alone. When analyzed by pathologic stage radiation therapy before and after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy was curative in 91 and 51 per cent of patients with stage I and II disease, respectively. In our series clinical overstaging may have been responsible for the favorable results of radiation therapy alone, and radiation before and after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in the treatment of clinical stage II nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. PMID- 7288940 TI - Enhancement of detrusor reflex activity by naloxone in patients with chronic neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Preliminary report. AB - An intravenous injection of 0.4 mg. naloxone enhanced detrusor reflex activity in 5 patients with chronic neurogenic bladder dysfunction caused by incomplete suprasacral spinal lesions. The intravesical volume at which detrusor reflex occurred showed a decrease from 498.2 to 346.2 ml. The naloxone-induced effect was short-lived, being absent 1 hour after the injection. In the same dosage naloxone did not induce detrusor reflex in 2 patients with areflexic bladder caused by complete suprasacral spinal lesions. PMID- 7288941 TI - Bladder recovery in patients with traumatic cervical cord injury evaluated by voiding synchronous cystosphincterometry with uroflowmetry. AB - Voiding synchronous cystosphincterometry with uroflowmetry was used in 16 patients with traumatic cervical cord injury to evaluate bladder recovery. This method was shown to be reliable since the statistical analysis of the voiding responses showed the same values with repeated tests. A total of 14 patients with such injuries recovered from shock in 6 weeks and 10 acquired mature bladder contraction with a synergic external sphincteric urethra approximately 13 weeks after spinal cord injury. Bladders in patients with cervical cord injury usually recover from a state of inactive detrusor to that of a mature contraction by way of immature small and/or sustained contractions. Pressure measurements revealed 7.1 plus or minus 3.7 cm. water in the empty bladder and 74 plus or minus 20.5 cm. water (43 plus or minus 13.3 seconds in duration) in the recovered bladder contraction. Resting pressure in the external sphincteric urethra was 70 plus or minus 25.3 cm. water. The dyssynergic sphincter coexists with immature sustained bladder contraction and it usually improves to the synergic state, according to the degree of maturity of bladder contraction. The bladder and external urethral sphincter recover independently and a synergic response develops even in cases of complete lesions. Thus, synergy can be accomplished by regulatory mechanisms at the sacral cord level. Surgical intervention should be postponed if the maturity of bladder contraction is not yet established. More precise objective information in the dyssynergic bladder caused by cervical cord injury can be obtained when voiding synchronous cystosphincterometry with uroflowmetry is used. PMID- 7288942 TI - Ureteropelvic junction obstruction in infants and children: functional evaluation of the obstructed kidney preoperatively and postoperatively. AB - We evaluated 14 children with primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction, using preoperative excretory urography and renal imaging with the renal cortical labeling agent 99mtechnetium dimercaptosuccinic acid. All children with a reduction in function of 10 per cent or more in the obstructed kidney had severe calicectasis; others with severe calicectasis had minimal functional loss. Renal scanning with dimercaptosuccinic acid discourages surgery in the questionably obstructed kidney and encourages repair in the severely obstructed kidney. In 10 children who had followup renal imaging after repair relative function was not significantly different. PMID- 7288943 TI - Major and minor complications of posterior urethral valves. AB - The true incidence of posterior urethral valves is unknown. They may cause major or minor urinary tract malfunction, reflecting the broad spectrum of degree of congenital malformation. Of 124 boys with posterior urethral valves 76 per cent had only minor secondary abnormalities and 24 per cent had secondary problems, such as large paraureteral diverticula, high grade reflux with upper tract damage, megaureter, hydronephrosis and uremia. The diagnosis of posterior urethral valves was based on voiding cystourethrography and endoscopy. Only types I and III values were found in our study. Except for 1 case, the valves were fulgurated endoscopically. Upper tract drainage was necessary in only 4 cases and kidney transplantation was required in 1. Most patients were cured by valve fulguration. Reflux disappeared in more than 50 per cent. Urodynamic studies in 16 patients with persistent complaints of diurnal and nocturnal enuresis revealed further bladder dysfunction. PMID- 7288944 TI - Studies of enuresis. IX. Evidence of a mild form of compensated detrusor hyperreflexia in enuretic children. AB - We studied 41 consecutive enuretic boys and girls by supine cystometry followed by a cystometrogram in the standing position. The micturition stop test was performed on 30 of the 41 patients. The standard cystometrogram proved to be superior to the supine study in detecting stage II (overt) detrusor hyperreflexia. Furthermore, the stop test effectively demonstrated the presence of stage I (compensated) hyperreflexia, a mild degree of detrusor unsubstantiated but assumed to be present in many children with simple enuresis. Stage I detrusor hyperreflexia may now be defined clinically by normal standing and supine cystometrograms, and a positive micturition stop test. PMID- 7288945 TI - Recurrent bilateral nephrolithiasis, hypercalciuria and hypercalcemia in 32-year old man. PMID- 7288946 TI - Renal papillary necrosis and retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to analgesic abuse. PMID- 7288947 TI - Pseudo-obstruction of inferior vena cava from Valsalva's maneuver. PMID- 7288948 TI - Uroepithelial carcinoma in association with cyclophosphamide ingestion. AB - The association of daily oral cyclophosphamide with the development of transitional cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder had been documented. We report the first 2 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and an additional 4 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder following cyclophosphamide ingestion. Patients who have been taking daily oral cyclophosphamide for a prolonged period should have excretory urography, cystoscopy and bladder mucosal biopsies performed as part of a cancer surveillance protocol. PMID- 7288949 TI - Late recurrence of renal tubular carcinoma. PMID- 7288950 TI - Adenomatous polyp of the bladder: a rare cause of hematuria in young men. AB - A 26-year-old black man presented with gross hematuria and was found to have a papillary lesion of the trigone of the bladder. The lesion proved to be an adenomatous polyp with prostatic-type epithelium. This type of neoplasia ordinarily is found in the prostatic urethra and has not been reported previously in the bladder. Adenomatous polyps are benign tumors and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hematuria in young men. PMID- 7288951 TI - Micturition syncope. AB - Micturition syncope is a poorly understood neurophysiological event. Increased vagal stimulation at night, vagal sensory input from the bladder during micturition and standing position during voiding represent the most common triggering factors of this syndrome. Postural hypotension, caused by standing during micturition, may explain the predominance of male victims. Two cases are reported--a classic male example and an unusual incident in a woman. PMID- 7288952 TI - Melanoma of the female urethra. AB - Our patient had a highly malignant and poorly differentiated tumor in the distal urethra. A conservative operation was performed because the precise nature of the tumor was not clear with light microscopy. An ultrastructural study established the final diagnosis of malignant urethral melanoma and anterior exenteration was performed. An aggressive operation should be considered as the primary approach once malignant melanoma is diagnosed. Ultrastructural studies should be introduced early in the diagnostic process when light microscopy is insufficient to provide a definitive diagnosis of urethral malignancy. PMID- 7288953 TI - Testicular function in 2 cases of penile agenesis. PMID- 7288954 TI - Splenic-gonadal infusion: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7288955 TI - Primary mediastinal seminoma with 67Gallium total body scan: a case report. AB - We describe a case in which radionuclide scanning was used for staging and assessing treatment of a germinal neoplasm. Primary mediastinal seminoma is an ectopic manifestation of the not infrequent germinoma. Controversy surrounds the histogenesis of this tumor. Management may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or any combination of these. Because of the rather marked radiosensitivity of the tumor the prognosis generally is favorable. The radio gallium scan was helpful in guiding and following treatment. PMID- 7288956 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the paratesticular tissues. AB - We report 2 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma of the paratesticular tissues. Differentiation from chronic epididymal infection, such as tuberculosis, may be difficult but it must not delay operation. Lymphography is of limited value in delineating lymph node metastases. In both cases secondary spread was suggested but not confirmed histologically. Lymphography, because of a definite mortality rate of 0.1 per cent and morbidity rate of 1 per cent, would appear not to be indicated. PMID- 7288958 TI - Tamoxifen encouraging for breast cancer. PMID- 7288957 TI - Pritikin vs AHA diet: no difference for peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 7288959 TI - Side effects of various Hodgkin's therapies. PMID- 7288960 TI - Hunger strikers may have died of fat, not protein, loss. PMID- 7288961 TI - Diving Accident Network begins 2nd year. PMID- 7288964 TI - Rubella immunization of susceptible medical students. PMID- 7288963 TI - Hypokalemia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 7288962 TI - Mean corpuscular volume and anemia. PMID- 7288965 TI - Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in penicillamine-induced myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7288966 TI - XX/XY lymphoid chimerism in a boy with fatal lymphohistiocytic proliferation. AB - XX/XY chimerism, present in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells, but absent in other somatic tissues, was demonstrated in a 6-year-old patient. The initial clinical presentation with "butterfly" rash, pancytopenia with a hemolytic component, and hypergammaglobulinemia was suggestive of an immune disorder. Infiltration of skin, bone marrow, and lymph nodes with histiocytes, without disruption of the general configuration, was similar to the findings in familial lymphohistiocytosis. The results of specific cellular markers and of cytogenetic and immunologic studies are analyzed and the nature of the disease and origin of the chimeric state are discussed. The most likely explanations include a chronic graft-vs-host reaction induced by proliferation of foreign lymphoid cells derived from a blood transfusion that the child had received during infancy, or proliferation of neoplastic cells present in the transfused blood. PMID- 7288968 TI - Beating the knowledge and technology explosion. PMID- 7288967 TI - Clinical significance of low creatine phosphokinase values in patients with connective tissue diseases. AB - We have noted that values for serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) are frequently low in patients with connective tissue diseases. Geometric mean values were 96.0 units/L among 121 disease-free males and 50.2 units/L among 63 disease-free females. The geometric mean values were 31.7 units/L in 11 males and 35.2 units/L in 49 females with systemic lupus erythematosus; 15.1 units/L in three males and 13.0 units/L in ten females with rheumatoid arthritis; and 41.6 units/L in 19 females with Sjogren's syndrome. Values within the normal range may occur in the face of active myositis in these illnesses. Findings of a low serum CPK values may occur in the absence of steroid treatment. Thus, a low serum CPK value is frequently found in patients with connective tissue diseases and a normal value should not dissuade one from the diagnosis of myositis. PMID- 7288969 TI - Bone marrow curettage in myelodysplastic disorders. A stimulus for regeneration in disturbed hematopoiesis. AB - Bilateral bone marrow curettage of the iliac crest was performed in eight patients with marked anemia resulting from various myelodysplastic syndromes. The procedure was performed with the idea that an element of faulty hematopoietic microenvironment existed and that regeneration of normal marrow might occur in areas distant from the site of curettage. Four of the eight failed to respond to this procedure and no long-term response was obtained. One of the "failed" patients had a delayed response 18 months after the curettage was performed. In four patients, the procedure proved to be successful and adequate hemoglobin levels were achieved (10 to 14 g/dL) with reduction of the blood transfusion requirement. The diseases of two of these patients are still in remission 26 to 96 months after the procedure was performed. The procedure is recommended for patients with anemia refractory to conventional therapy and in whom a faulty hematopoietic microenvironment may be present. PMID- 7288971 TI - Metoclopramide treatment of tardive dyskinesia. AB - Five patients with tardive dyskinesia (average age, 64 years) were treated with a central dopamine blocking agent, metoclopramide hydrochloride. The duration of symptoms ranged from four to 30 months. A pretreatment disability score was graded (0 to 4) for buccolingual, extremity, and truncal movements and for duration of tongue protrusion. A 59% improvement was achieved in total disability scores. Tongue protrusion demonstrated the most noticeable improvement. The average daily dosage ranged from a minimum of 20 mg to a maximum of 80 mg given in divided doses. Duration of follow-up ranged from three to eight months. Preliminary data suggest that metoclopramide may be effective in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 7288970 TI - Mercury poisoning from home gold ore processing. Use of penicillamine and dimercaprol. AB - The production of a mercury amalgam in home gold ore processing has become a popular and widely used method. Six patients involved in two episodes were treated following onset of symptoms from inhalation of mercury vapor. Penicillamine was shown to be an effective chelator of mercury when coupled with a mobilization test to assess body burden. The danger associated with mercury use in this technique needs to be better communicated to the public. PMID- 7288972 TI - Fibrosis of the marrow is not cast in cement. PMID- 7288973 TI - Acronyms and initialisms. PMID- 7288975 TI - Euthanasia. Clinical issues behind the request. PMID- 7288974 TI - Pneumococcal infections. PMID- 7288976 TI - Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. Its recognition and significance. PMID- 7288977 TI - Coronary artery spasm. Mechanisms and clinical relevance. PMID- 7288978 TI - Motion, not immobility, advocated for healing synovial joints. PMID- 7288979 TI - Analgesic nephropathy dips in Canada after mixture ban. PMID- 7288980 TI - Do antihypertensive drugs increase coronary risk? PMID- 7288981 TI - Search for alternatives to animal testing expands. PMID- 7288982 TI - FDA approves more medical devices. PMID- 7288983 TI - New concepts in genitourinary tract infections. PMID- 7288986 TI - Depression and abnormal endocrinologic tests. PMID- 7288984 TI - Otosclerosis associated with osteopoikilosis. PMID- 7288985 TI - Evaluation of headache. PMID- 7288987 TI - Health hazard evaluation program. PMID- 7288988 TI - Preventing the last epidemic: II. PMID- 7288991 TI - Elevated creatine kinase MB isoenzyme levels in marathon runners. Normal myocardial scintigrams suggest noncardiac source. AB - Elevated serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) levels are regarded as a sensitive and specific marker for myocardial injury. Serum CK-MB was measured in male marathon runners during training and after competition. Mean serum CK-MB measured by a quantitative electrophoretic technique (normal, less than 5 IU/L) showed borderline elevation during training with peaks 24 hours after competition. Mean CK-MB in 64 serum samples from 35 runners after competition was 130 IU/L or 8.3% of total CK activity. Levels of CK-MB averaging 26 times the upper limits of normal would usually be considered indicative of massive myocardial necrosis. Myocardial scintigraphy with technetium Tc 99m pyrophosphate was performed after competition in 12 randomly selected runners with a mean postrace serum CK-MB level of 160 IU/L or 13%. Infarct-avid ("hot-spot") scintigraphy, appropriately timed to detect underlying myocardial abnormalities, was within normal limits in all subjects. Normal results of infarct-avid scintigraphy coincident with marked serum CK-MB elevations strongly suggests that CK-MB arises from a noncardiac or skeletal muscle source in these runners. PMID- 7288990 TI - Mortality in persons with multiple sclerosis in the Seattle and Los Angeles areas. AB - Case-mortality and survival rates of more than 2,000 prevalent cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) residing in either Los Angeles County, California, or King and Pierce Counties, Washington, and followed up for 105 months, are reported. Case mortality at the end 105 months was 16.9% of the total group. All age and sex groups had a lower survival rate than the US general population; this difference was especially pronounced in the high-disability groups. There was a trend toward higher case-mortality in high-disability Los Angeles County patients when compared with high-disability patients from King and Pierce Counties. PMID- 7288989 TI - Improved criteria for admission to cardiac care units. AB - Patients requiring specialized cardiac care unit interventions (CCUIs) were identified from 414 consecutive admissions with known or suspected myocardial infarction (Ml). Cardiac care unit interventions included administration of lidocaine hydrochloride, atropine sulfate, sodium nitroprusside, or vasopressors; Swan-Ganz or arterial catheterization; insertion of temporary pacemaker; and electroshock. Almost all interventions occurred in a high-risk group that had one or more of three findings: (1) ongoing chest pain, (2) pulmonary rales, or (3) one or more ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) on 12-lead ECG. Of 306 high risk patients, 41% received at least one CCUI, and 4% died in the CCU. In contrast, of the 108 low-risk patients with none of the three criteria, only 6% received any CCUI, and none died in the CCU. This study suggests that patients who do not have ongoing pain, congestive heart failure, of VPCs when first evaluated have a very low risk of early complications and may not require intensive care. PMID- 7288992 TI - Human esophageal response during chest pain induced by swallowing cold liquids. AB - Normal persons often note chest or back pain during rapid ingestion of cold liquids, commonly believed to result from cold-induced "spasm" of esophageal muscle. We studied the effects of swallowing cold liquids on esophageal function in five normal subjects, aged 20 to 44 years, by comparing their response to cold ice cream (-5 degrees C) and room temperature ice cream mix (20 degrees C). Decreased peristaltic amplitude was seen during cold ice cream ingestion, primarily in the midesophagus. When seven subjects rapidly ingested ice cream until chest pain was produced and maintained for at least 60 s, complete absence of motor activity in the distal esophagus occurred, with slow return to normal during the ensuing five minutes. Our studies indicate that ingestion of cold liquids significantly depresses peristaltic amplitudes and frequency of peristalsis in normal persons, and pain is associated with complete absence of motor activity in the body of the esophagus, rather than esophageal "spasm" as commonly believed. PMID- 7288993 TI - Pseudoscleroderma in hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. PMID- 7288995 TI - Human central lymph propulsion. PMID- 7288994 TI - Focal intracranial mucormycosis presenting as chronic meningitis. PMID- 7288997 TI - The 'nonneurotic' approach to mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7288996 TI - CT beats myelography for lumbar spine diagnoses. PMID- 7288998 TI - Internship: physicians respond to Norman Cousins. PMID- 7288999 TI - Tumor chemoembolization: target-directed drug delivery or tumor embolization? PMID- 7289000 TI - Radiation exposure and cancer. PMID- 7289001 TI - Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 7289003 TI - Relapsing polychondritis with glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7289004 TI - The click-murmur syndrome and anxiety disorder. PMID- 7289002 TI - 'Scalded sardine' scurvy. PMID- 7289005 TI - Organ donor recruitment. Council on Scientific affairs. PMID- 7289006 TI - Risks of nuclear energy and low-level ionizing radiation. PMID- 7289008 TI - Blood pressure after stroke. AB - In 334 consecutive admissions for acute stroke, the blood pressure was elevated in 84% on the day of admission. The blood pressure decreased spontaneously an average of 20 mm Hg systolic and 10 mm Hg diastolic in the ten days following the acute event without specific antihypertensive therapy and was elevated in only one third of the cases on the tenth hospital day. The early elevation in blood pressure is likely a physiological response to brain ischemia, and blood pressure falls as recovery of brain function occurs. PMID- 7289007 TI - Toxic shock syndrome. Evidence of a broad clinical spectrum. AB - We evaluated various clinical and laboratory manifestations of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in 17 menstruating females to define the spectrum of illness. Ten women had definite TSS, while seven who satisfied modified case definition criteria had probable TSS. Patients with definite TSS were younger, and symptoms developed later after onset of menstruation than in those with probable TSS. Overall, 16 (94%) had a rash with subsequent desquamation; 15 (88%), myalgias and orthostatic dizziness; 11 (79%), temperature of 38.9 degrees C or higher; 13 (76%), vomiting; 11 (65%), diarrhea; and 7 (54%), hypotension. All patients survived, and acute respiratory or oliguric renal failure possibly related to the absence of shock did not develop in any of them. None had a recurrent episode of TSS after treatment with an antistaphylococcal antibiotic, discontinuing tampon use, or both. Early recognition and treatment of less severely ill women may obviate potentially serious or fatal recurrences of TSS. PMID- 7289009 TI - Guidelines for the determination of death. Report of the medical consultants on the diagnosis of death to the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. PMID- 7289010 TI - A prospective evaluation of X-ray pelvimetry. AB - One hundred four consecutive patients undergoing x-ray pelvimetry were analyzed prospectively in an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of this procedure. Comparison was made between prepelvimetry and post-pelvimetry clinical management plans. Roentgenographic pelvic measurements led to prompt and significant alterations in clinical management plans in only one of 67 patients with vertex presentation and one of 37 with breech presentation. In 98% of patients, no change in immediate clinical management plan was made on the basis of x-ray pelvimetry findings. PMID- 7289013 TI - Guidelines for the determination of death. PMID- 7289012 TI - Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association. PMID- 7289011 TI - Azathioprine-induced plasmacytosis. PMID- 7289014 TI - Chronic bundle-branch block. Clinical significance and management. PMID- 7289015 TI - Management of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. AB - Although the incidence of gout, renal stones, or both is increased in patients with hyperuricemia, there is no evidence that long-term therapy offers any substantial long-term benefits. Recent data also suggest that no clear relationship exists between hyperuricemia and the development of interstitial nephritis (so-called urate nephropathy). Finally, the relationship between elevations in the serum concentration of uric acid and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease remains undefined. It is recommended that, in a patient with asymptomatic hyperuricemia, a conservative approach be taken and hypouricemic therapy not be instituted as a matter of routine. PMID- 7289016 TI - Pulmonary edema in a 52-year-old woman ingesting large amounts of aspirin. PMID- 7289017 TI - The Beverly Hills diet. Dangers of the newest weight loss fad. PMID- 7289018 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cefoxitin in children (author's transl)]. AB - Cefoxitin (CFX) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Fifteen patients were treated with 73-125 mg/kg per day of CFX by intravenous administrations. The diagnosis of the patients were acute pharyngitis (4), pneumonia (2), pertussis and pneumonia (1), urinary tract infection (3); and the remaining 5 patients were esteemed to have nonbacterial infections. All the 10 patients of bacterial infections were cured after the CFX therapy. The pathogens recovered were Streptococcus pyogenes (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (3), Haemophilus influenzae (2), Escherichia coli (2), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1). All the strains isolated were susceptible to CFX, but the 2 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae had relatively high MIC values (12.5 mcg/ml). Diarrhea (3 cases) and transient neutropenia (1 case) were found to be associated with the CFX therapy. However, no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Half-life of the serum level was short (24.1 minutes) and excretion into the urine was rapid. CSF concentration obtained 30 minutes after an intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg of CFX in 1 case with inflamed meninges was considerably high (8.3 mcg/ml). CFX appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections. PMID- 7289019 TI - [Some experiences in the field of pediatrics with cefoxitin treatment by intravenous injections (author's transl)]. AB - Following are the results obtained from studies made with cefoxitin in the field of pediatrics: (1) The peak serum level observed upon completion of the one hour drip infusion in a dose of 20-25 mg/kg of cefoxitin varied from 66.4 to 93.0 mcg/ml. This fell to a remarkably low level after 2 hours. The serum half-life varied from 18.84 to 27.86 minutes. (2) The cumulative quantity of cefoxitin excreted in the active form in the urine by the end of 6 hours after completion of the drip infusion was 92.9-93.8%. (3) All of the 42 patients with acute pediatric infection (such as various kinds of acute upper or lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection were treated with either cefoxitin by a single shot (23 patients), or by drip infusion (19 patients). The dosage employed was approximately 50-100 mg/kg/day divided into two to three treatments. There was no major difference in the clinical efficacy between administering two times or three times, the efficacy rates being 96% and 89% respectively. The overall efficacy rate was 93%. (4) In either case of intravenous injections by either a single shot or drip infusion, excellent clinical responses were obtained in most patients. These people had a variety of infections, which were considered to be caused by various kinds of Gram-positive cocci, E. coli (including ABPC resistance), P. mirabilis, Kl. oxytoca and Haemophilus. (5) Out of the 42 patients who received cefoxitin in a daily dose of 5-100 mg/kg divided into two or three times either by a single shot or drip infusion, no hepatic or renal function abnormality was observed except for 2 cases of temporary eosinophilia. (6) On the basis of these results, cefoxitin was found to be a highly useful antibiotic in the treatment of acute pediatric infection caused by microorganisms which are sensitive to cefoxitin. PMID- 7289020 TI - [Basic and clinical studies on cefoxitin in pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on a newly introduced antibiotic of the cephamycin series, cefoxitin (CFX), and the results obtained were as follows: 1. Employing clinical isolates, MICs were determined and comparisons made with those of cephalosporins. The MICs of CFX against S. aureus and S. pyogenes slightly inferior to those of the cephalosporins, while the MICs of CFX against Gram-negative bacilli such as E. coli, Proteus sp. and Klebsiella sp. were considerably superior to those of CER and CET, and slightly superior to those of CEZ. 2. The peak serum concentrations were 34.7 mcg/ml and 67.6 mcg/ml at 30 minutes after an intravenous injection in doses of 12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. The peak serum concentration was 40.8 mcg/ml at the end of 60 minutes intravenous drip infusion when it was given in a dose of 25 mg/kg. In these cases, the serum half life were 25.8-51.2 minutes, and their urinary recovery were 67-90%. 3. Clinically, CFX was given to the 29 children with a total of 31 of varying bacterial infections: 6 cases of urinary tract infection (U.T.I.), 19 of respiratory tract infection (R.T.I.), 2 of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (S.S.S.S.), 2 of purulent lymphadenitis and 2 cases of soft tissue dermatological infections. Overall efficacy rate was 83.9% (26 cases). No significant adverse reaction was noted except for 1 case of rash. Abnormal laboratory findings observed were elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 patient and of GPT in 1 patient. PMID- 7289021 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies of cefoxitin in pediatric infections (author's transl)]. AB - The antimicrobial activity of cefoxitin against clinical isolated organisms was measured: Cefoxitin was more active than cefazolin and cephalothin against Escherichia coli. The serum concentrations of cefoxitin following intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg were 267.7, 38.8, 8.3 microgram/ml at 5, 30, 120 minutes after injection, respectively. Cefoxitin was excreted 90.5% in urine within 6 hours after injection. Cefoxitin was administered clinically to 22 pediatric patients with various infections (urinary tract infection 9, respiratory tract infection 10, S.S.S.S. 1, Salmonella enteritis 1, and cervical lymphadenitis 1) at the dose of 45-98 mg/kg/day for 4-10 days, and the following satisfactory results were obtained; excellent in 16, good in 5, and poor in 1. The rate of satisfactory clinical response was 95.5%. Slight elevation of transaminase and A1 P were observed in 4 patients, but no other serious side effects were observed. PMID- 7289023 TI - [A clinical study of cefoxitin in children (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical trials of cefoxitin, a new cephamycin antibiotic were carried out on 17 infantile patients with infections (respiratory tract infection 15, meningitis 1 and sepsis 1). Two patients of the above patients were excluded from the clinical evaluation except side effects because diseases were out of the object of this study. Cefoxitin was given at a dose of 50-104 mg/kg/day q.i.d. except 1 patient (b.i.d.) by a single intravenous injection for 2-27 days. The clinical efficacy obtained was good in 11 patients, fair in 2 patients and poor in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 73.3%. Side effects were observed in 4 patients (eosinophilia 1, skin rash 2 and transient elevation of GOT, GPT and LDH 1). PMID- 7289024 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies of cefoxitin in pediatric field (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of cefoxitin. The results were as follows: The sensitivity was estimated by plate dilution method on 26 strains of S. aureus, 25 strains of E. coli, 24 strains of K. pneumoniae, 27 strains of Serratia and 17 strains of Salmonella isolated from patients. The distribution of sensitivity of S. aureus was 1.56-3.13 microgram/ml and the peak of distribution was 3.13 microgram/ml. The strains of 76.0% of E. coli was inhibited at concentration of less than 3.13 microgram/ml. The strains of 91.7% of K. pneumoniae was inhibited at concentration of less than 3.13 microgram/ml. The distribution of sensitivity of Serratia was 6.25-more than 100 microgram/ml and the peak of distribution was 100 microgram/ml. The all strains of Salmonella were inhibited at concentration of less than 3.13 microgram/ml. Cefoxitin was given by intravenous administration for 5 minutes at a single dose of 25 mg/kg of cefoxitin to 2 children, and by drip infusion for 60 minutes at a single dose of 25 mg/kg of cefoxitin to 4 children. After intravenous administration of cefoxitin, the mean peak of serum level was 67.3 +/- 6.3 microgram/ml at 15 minutes, and at 4 and 6 hours after administration was not detected. Half-life time was 22 minutes. And after drip infusion of cefoxitin for 60 minutes, the mean peak of serum level was 35.7 +/- 5.3 microgram/ml at 1 hour, and at 4 and 6 hours after administration was not detected. Half-life time was 20 minutes. The mean urinary recovery rate was 82.4 +/- 3.0% and 90.2 +/- 6.8% up to 6 hours after intravenous administration and drip infusion respectively. Cefoxitin was effective in all of 15 cases with bacterial infections. No side effects was observed. PMID- 7289022 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies on cefoxitin in pediatric field (author's transl)]. AB - Studies on antimicrobial activity, absorption and excretion and clinical use of cefoxitin in pediatric field were performed. 1. MIC of cefoxitin was compared with that of cefazolin and/or ampicillin for clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (36 strains), Escherichia coli (35 strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae (34 strains) and Haemophilus influenzae (80 strains). MIC of cefoxitin against S. aureus was approximately 1-2 tubes higher than that of cefazolin. Many strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae that showed high MIC to cefazolin were sensitive to cefoxitin. It is presumed that the results are due to the strong resistance of cefoxitin to beta-lactamase degradation. MIC of cefoxitin against H. influenzae was approximately 1-2 tubes lower than that of cefazolin, but approximately 4 tubes higher than that of ampicillin. 2. Serum level and urinary recovery rate of cefoxitin after one shot i.v. injection of 25 mg/kg were examined. The serum mean levels were 33.8 microgram/ml at 1/2 hour, 7.0 microgram/ml at 1 hour and 2.9 microgram/ml at 2 hours after the injection, respectively, and the drug was not detected in serum at 4 and 6 hours after the injection. The mean half-life of serum level was 27.1 minutes. The mean urinary recovery rate within 6 hours after injection was 96.0% and most of the drug were excreted into urine within 2 hours after the injection. 3. In order to evaluate clinical response, bacteriological response and side effects, cefoxitin was applied to 19 cases, i.e., 12 cases of either acute lobar pneumonia or acute bronchopneumonia, 2 cases of acute pyelitis, 1 case each of acute bronchitis, acute purulent tonsillitis, acute purulent arthritis, acute orbital phlegmon and acute buccal abscess. As for clinical response, the overall efficacy rate (the percentage of cases showed excellent and good efficacy) was 88.9%. As for bacteriological response, among the 13 strains which were determined or supposed to be causative organisms, i.e., 6 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 strains of H. influenzae and 1 strain each of streptococcus pyogenes, alpha-Streptococcus, Enterococcus, E. coli and Neisseria sp., all strains were disappeared except for Enterococcus which was reduced by the treatment with cefoxitin. No side effect was observed in any case. Abnormalities of laboratory findings were observed in 3 cases, i.e., 1 case each of reduction of RBC and Hb, elevation of GOT and GPT and elevation of GPT, but all of them returned to normal following completion of the dosage term. PMID- 7289026 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies of cefoxitin in pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - Laboratory and clinical studies of CFX were conducted on 30 pediatric inpatients at the Department of Pediatrics of Mie University. The results of the sensitivity evaluation conducted on 37 clinical isolates consisting of 16 species were in accordance with the findings reported hitherto in the literature, i.e., CFX was superior to CEZ and CET in terms of the growth inhibitory effect against Gram negative rods. The serum peak level was obtained 5 minutes after an intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg, and 15 minutes after a drip infusion of 30 minutes using the same dose. The average terminal half life was 13 minutes 15 seconds for the former and 20 minutes for the latter. Clinical evaluation was made on a total of 22 eligible patients. The results were classified as follows: Excellent in 4 cases, good in 12, fair in 4 and poor in 2. The effective rate of CFX was 72.7%. Side effects observed were vascular pain, rash and vomiting, all of which were mild in nature and disappeared immediately after discontinuation of, or change in the routine of drug administration. PMID- 7289025 TI - [Fundamental and clinica evaluation of cefoxitin in children (author's transl)]. AB - Fundamental and clinical evaluations were made on cefoxitin, a new cephamycin antibiotic, and the following results were obtained. 1) MIC of the drug to clinical isolates was determined and was higher than that of cefazolin to Gram positive bacilli. Among Gram-negative rods, the drug showed a sufficient antibacterial activity even to cefazolin-resistant strains. However, the MIC of cefoxitin to cefazolin-sensitive strains tended to be higher than that of cefazolin. 2) As to the passage of cefoxitin in experimental staphylococcal meningitis in rabbits, a percentage of CSF/serum ratio of AUC was 10.7% up to 3 hours and CSF/serum ratio of T1/2 was 1.78 of which value was an intermediate between those of ampicillin and cefazolin. There were, however, larger individual differences. 3) Blood concentrations and urinary recovery rates were determined in 2 children. In 1 patient, in whom the drug was given intravenously at a dose of 25 mg/kg, a blood concentration after 30 minutes was 50 microgram/ml, T1/2 was 57.2 minutes. This patient, however, showed a slight renal dysfunction. In another patient, who received an intravenous injection of 12.5 mg/kg, a 30 minutes blood concentration was 14.6 microgram/ml and T1/2 was 31.8 minutes. Urinary recovery rates up to 6 hours were 85.8% and 73.5%, respectively. 4) Thirty patients with the following bacterial infections were treated with cefoxitin, i.e., urinary tract infection (24 cases), respiratory tract infection (4 cases), each one case of peritonitis and suspected sepsis. An overall efficacy rate was 93.3%, i.e., excellent in 13 cases, good in 15, and failure in 2. Disappearance rate of the causative organism of the 23 clinical isolates was 87.0%, i.e., that the causative organism disappeared in 20 strains, reduced in 1 and persisted in 2. 5) Based on the above results, it was concluded that cefoxitin is a potent new antibiotic in bacterial infections in children, particularly respiratory and urinary tract infections. The optimal recommended dose will be about 25 mg/kg which should be given 3-4 times daily intravenously or by drip infusion. PMID- 7289027 TI - [Clinical experience with cefoxitin in pediatric field (author's transl)]. AB - Cefoxitin was given intravenously to 20 children with the following acute bacterial infections: 10 cases of bronchopneumonia, 6 cases of urinary tract infection, 2 cases of cervical purulent lymphadenitis, 1 case of streptococcosis and 1 case of omphalitis. Clinical effectiveness was obtained in 16 cases out of 20 cases and bacteriological effectiveness in 11 strains out of 15 strains. No side effect was observed except for 1 case with eruption and 1 case with slight elevation of GOT. From the above clinical results, it is apparent that cefoxitin is a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric patients with various kinds of bacterial infections. PMID- 7289028 TI - [Clinical experience with cefoxitin in bacterial infections of children (author's transl)]. AB - Using a new cephamycin antibiotic, cefoxitin, clinical studies were carried out, and the following results were obtained: (1) Cefoxitin was administered to 52 children with 38 respiratory tract infections, 2 urinary tract infections, 1 acute otitis media and others, who ranged in age from 2 months to 11 years old. (2) Cefoxitin was given intravenously at a daily dose of 27.3 mg/kg to 110.5 mg/kg. (3) The overall efficacy rate was 80% in 46 cases, i.e., excellent in 10, good in 27, fair in 7 and poor in 2. (4) Clinical side effects were not seen except exanthema in 1 patient. Elevation of GOT and GPT was seen in 2 patients, elevation of A1-P in 1 and eosinophilia in 2 by laboratory tests. However, these findings were alleviated rapidly following the cessation of therapy. PMID- 7289029 TI - [Clinical studies of cefoxitin in the pediatric field (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The in vitro antibacterial activity of cefoxitin was nearly equal to that of CEZ and CET against the 6 species of clinically isolated strains. Cefoxitin, furthermore, had an antibacterial activity against the strains of P. morganii resistant to CEZ and CET. 2. Cefoxitin was applied to a total of 17 patients including 6 cases of bronchitis, 5 of pneumonia, 2 of enteritis, and 1 each of pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis and lymphadenitis. The results showed an efficacy rate of 88%. In the 6 patients from whom the isolation of pathogenic organisms was possible, the bacteriological response to cefoxitin was appreciable the efficacy rate being 83%. Thus, it is considered that cefoxitin also has a significant antibacterial activity in vivo. 3. As to the side effects following the administration of cefoxitin, urticaria-like eruption was observed in 1 case, and an elevation of transaminase in another. These findings, however, became normal soon after discontinuation of cefoxitin treatment. PMID- 7289030 TI - [Therapeutic effects of cefoxitin in the treatment of various infections in children (author's transl)]. AB - In order to ascertain the therapeutic effects of cefoxitin (CFX), a new semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic, it was administered to pediatric patients with several infections. There were 8 patients with acute respiratory disease (ARD), 3 with urinary tract infection (UTI), 2 with appendicitis complicated with peritonitis, 2 with scarlet fever, one each of left coxitis, infected medial cervical cyst, febrile illness after a V-P shunt operation, purulent parotitis and intractable diarrhea with fever, namely, a total of 20 patients aged from one month to 11 years 6 months. A CFX vial which contained 1 g of CFX was used in two ways, i.e., one shot intravenous injection and drip infusion. The dosage of the drug varied from 57 to 121 mg/kg/day and the administration was continued from 2 to 20 days. Clinical effects were evaluated as follows: when cardinal symptoms disappeared within 3 days it was considered to be 'excellent'; within 5 days 'good'; and no change of clinical symptoms within 5 days 'poor'. The bacteriological effect was expressed as 'eliminated', 'unchanged' and 'undetermined'. Clinical efficacy evaluated as 'excellent' occurred in 11 cases, 'good' in 8 cases and 'poor' in 1 case, the efficacy rate being 95.0%. When classified by the disease, the efficacy rate was as follows: 'good' to 'excellent' in 7 out of the 8 cases of ARD, 'excellent' in all of the 3 cases of UTI, 'good' and 'excellent' in the 2 cases of scarlet fever and in the 2 cases of peritonitis, 'excellent' in each case of left coxitis, purulent parotitis and intractable diarrhea with fever, 'good' in each case of infected medial cervical cyst and febrile illness with a V-P shunt operation. From the bacteriological point of view, 'eliminated' occurred in 5 cases, 'reduced' in 1 case and 'undetermined' in the 2 cases of ARD, 'eliminated' in all of the 3 cases of UTI, 'eliminated' in 1 case and 'undetermined' in the 1 case of peritonitis, 'undetermined' in the 2 cases of scarlet fever, 'eliminated' in each case of infected medial cervical cyst and purulent parotitis and 'undetermined' in the other cases. Antimicrobial efficacy measured by MIC was compared with CEZ and CET, and the results were as follows: CFX was inferior to the two cephalosporins for S. aureus, it was between CEZ and CET for H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae, and CFX was superior to CEZ and CET for E. coli. All of the 3 antibiotics had poor antimicrobial efficacy for P. aeruginosa and S. faecalis. There were neither clinical side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings which were obviously attributable to CFX during and after administration of the drug. PMID- 7289031 TI - [Laboratory and clinical evaluation of cefoxitin in children (author's transl)]. AB - Pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin, a new injectable semisynthetic-cephamycin, was studied in 12 healthy children and also was studied cerebrospinal fluid levels in 1 patient with bacterial meningitis received 44.5 mg/kg of cefoxitin and thoracic fluid levels in 2 patients were measured. Cefoxitin was administered intravenously to 50 patients with various types of infections an average dose of 130 mg/kg/day for an average of 9 days. The results were as follows: 1. Favorable plasma levels were obtained comparing with those off conventional injectable cephalosporins after 15 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg of cefoxitin for one shot intravenous injection. The half lives of cefoxitin in the plasma were about 15.9 minutes up to 1 hour and 25.5 minutes up to 2 hours after an intravenous administration of cefoxitin at a dose of 15 mg/kg, and while, those were 15.9 minutes and 27.5 minutes after an intravenous administration of cefoxitin at a dose of 25 mg/kg, respectively. 2. Cefoxitin was excreted with high concentration up to 2 hours after the administration and thereafter, urinary concentration of cefoxitin declined rapidly with the lapse of time. The time course urinary concentration reflected those of plasma levels. Approximately 94.7% and 90.6% of dosed cefoxitin were recovered in the urine for 6 hours after the administration at the dose of 15 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. 3. The cerebrospinal fluid levels of cefoxitin were only determined in a patient of bacterial meningitis. Therefore, further study should be performed. 4. The thoracic fluid levels with 2 patients were higher than cerebrospinal fluid levels. 5. Among the 50 patients with various infections, cefoxitin was clinically effective in 84% and bacterial response in 87%. 6. As adverse reactions, in total 79 patients included exclusive 29 patients, diarrhea occurred in 1 patient, sweating and cough in 1 patient, rash with fever in 4 patients, vascular pain in 2 patients, and leukopenia was observed in 1 patient, eosinophilia in 1 patient, and increase of GOT and LDH were observed in each 2 patients. The other adverse reactions were not experienced. PMID- 7289033 TI - [Sensitivities of clinical isolates to lincomycin and macrolide-type antibiotics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289032 TI - [Application of amikacin by intravenous drip infusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289034 TI - [High-performance liquid chromatographic micro-assay for cefradine in biological fluids (author's transl)]. AB - Recently, cephalosporins have been developed progressively that the clinical experiences in new cephalosporins have been reported one after another; some of them are widely used in daily medicine. The microbiological studies and other metabolic studies; i.e. absorption, distribution, and excretion, have undertaken simultaneously during the clinical trials of new antibiotics. On the other hand, the necessity of the optimum dose regimen for not only antibiotics but also other drugs has been emphasized to achieve the maximum pharmacological effects with minimal dosage or to prevent the side-effects and sequelae. In such cases, the monitoring of the blood level is essential and the drug concentration is necessary to be measured as soon as possible. The chemical assay has an advantage in this point over the bioassay, and has become available for the routine analysis recently. With cephalosporins, the blood and urine levels of cephalothin (CET), cefoxitin (CFX), cephalexin (CEX)(2,3), cefazolin (CEZ)(4), cefuroxime (CXM)(5), cephaloridine (CER)(6) and cefradine (CED)(7) determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been reported. The author describes a new HPLC method using a reversed phase column which found to be applicable to the routine analysis of CED in serum and urine comparing with bioassay. PMID- 7289035 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cefatrizine (Bricef) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289037 TI - [Clinical experience with cefoxitin in surgical field (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289036 TI - [Clinical application of cefsulodin to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the surgical field (author's transl)]. AB - Cefsulodin (CFS), a new antipseudomonas cephalosporin, was clinically evaluated for treatment of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the surgical field to obtain the following results. 1. CFS was administered to total 11 cases of the surgical infections caused by P. aeruginosa, comprising of 5 cases with wound infections, 3 cases with infected burn and 1 case each with muscular abscess, decubitus and postoperative pneumonia in 0.5 approximately 1 g twice a day by intravenous bolus or drip infusion. Good clinical responses were obtained in 9 out of 11 cases (81.8%). 2. Bacteriological responses were observed in all cases. P. aeruginosa was eradicated in 9 cases and suppressed in 2 cases by CFS treatment. However, replacement of pathogens with the other organisms was observed in 6 out of 8 cases caused by P. aeruginosa only. 3. Neither objective and subjective side effects nor abnormalities of laboratory tests associated with CFS treatment were observed. 4. It can be, therefore, concluded that CFS is one of the useful drugs for treatment of the surgical infections caused by P. aeruginosa. PMID- 7289038 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies of amikacin intravenous drip infusion for the severe infections complicated with hematologic malignancies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289039 TI - [Amikacin therapy for serious infections in hematopoietic disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289040 TI - [Clinical experience of amikacin intravenous drip infusion for digestive organ infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289041 TI - [Clinical experience with cefadroxil powder for syrup in treatment of infections in children (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical efficacy was studied with cefadroxil powder for syrup in 35 pediatric patients including 20 acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis, 6 scarlet fever, 2 cervical lymphadenitis and 7 urinary tract infections. The results indicated a 97% effectiveness when 'excellent' and 'good' ratings were combined. A mild skin rash was observed in 1 patient. PMID- 7289042 TI - 1H NMR analysis of R-75-1 substance. AB - Compound R-75-1 is a very potent rifamycin derivative prepared from rifamycin SV at the Sichuan Institute of Antibiotics Industry, China in 1975. This compound showed a strong (see graphs in book) activity against Myobacterium tuberculosis and Gram-positive organisms. Here we describe the assignment of the 1H NMR spectrum of this novel compound. PMID- 7289043 TI - [The comparison of blood levels between peripheral vein and tooth extraction wound after the oral administration of antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - The oral administration of 300 mg of clindamycin was undertaken on 23 patients, of 500 mg of cefadroxil on 11 patients and of 250 mg of talampicillin on 12 patients, and then tooth extraction was performed under local anesthesia. Blood samples were taken from the extraction wound and the peripheral vein at the same time and assayed by the bioassay method. The blood levels of clindamycin and cefadroxil indicated a similar pattern between the extraction wound and the peripheral vein, but the blood level of talampicillin reached peek level rapider than clindamycin and cefadroxil. The blood levels of the extraction wound were 60 - 80% as compared with the venous blood levels with each antimicrobial agent. PMID- 7289044 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cefatrizine for respiratory infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289045 TI - [Clinical studies on dibekacin for infectious diseases following intramuscular and intravenous drip administration. Concentration in infected tissues and clinical responses (author's transl)]. AB - An antibiotic drug of aminoglycoside group, dibekacin (DKB) for parental use was used in 48 patients hospitalized due to acute or subacute infection of abdominal organs: 36 appendicitis, 9 cholecystitis and 3 others. DKB in a dose of 100 mg was given intramuscularly in 38 cases, and in 10 cases was given intravenously by single or drip infusion before the operation. The materials of A-bile, B-bile, wall of gallbladder, the appendix wall, ascites with pus and serum were taken during the operation. DKB concentration was measured by bioassay method with Bacillus Subtilis ATCC 6633 strain. With a few marked exceptions, DKB concentration in B-bile were higher than those in A-bile. DKB concentrations in gallbladder wall and appendix wall were directly proportional to the degree of pathological changes of inflammation. DKB concentrations in infected tissues after intravenous drip infusion, they were higher relatively than those after intramuscular administration. DKB concentrations in serum after intravenous drip infusion reached to peak immediately the end of infusion, and in the infected tissue they reached to peak at the same time and stayed for a relatively long time, then they were declined slowly. For the therapeutic purpose, DKB was given to the 6 patients with acute peritonitis of the above cases. DKB in a dose of 100 mg were administered by intravenous drip infusion for 2 hours, twice in a day for 3 - 10 days. Clinical response was excellent in 2 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in none. No adverse effect was observed. Therefore, it was supposed that DKB could be used safely by intravenous drip infusion. PMID- 7289046 TI - [Present status and future prospect in the studies of antifungal agents]. PMID- 7289047 TI - [Serum concentration and adverse effects of antibiotics]. PMID- 7289048 TI - [Acquired heart diseases. Congestive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 7289049 TI - [Background of immunologic diseases]. PMID- 7289050 TI - [Chronic/granulomatous disease and Kell blood-group]. PMID- 7289051 TI - [Anticomplementary activity of cinnarizine, and the relationship between complement and arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7289052 TI - [Myocardial action potentials and myocardial energy metabolism (1)]. PMID- 7289053 TI - [Ventricular excitation propagation process seen on body surface isopotential distribution map]. PMID- 7289054 TI - [Body surface isopotential distribution map--T-wave in ischemic heart diseases]. PMID- 7289055 TI - [Newly developed equipment for analyzing body surface isopotential distribution map]. PMID- 7289056 TI - [Microbial sensitivity tests]. PMID- 7289057 TI - [Prospects in the development of antibiotic agents]. PMID- 7289058 TI - [Prospects of antibiotic treatment in the surgical field]. PMID- 7289059 TI - [Prospects of antibiotic treatment in the field of otorhinolaryngology, with special reference to chronic otitis media]. PMID- 7289060 TI - [Prospects in antibiotic treatment of urologic diseases]. PMID- 7289061 TI - [Prospects in antibiotic treatment of ophthalmologic diseases]. PMID- 7289062 TI - [Prospects of antibiotic treatment in dental and orosurgical field]. PMID- 7289063 TI - [Neoplasms in the large intestine: recent trends]. PMID- 7289064 TI - [Epidemiological changes and future prospects of neoplasms in the large intestine]. PMID- 7289065 TI - [Progress in the treatment of neoplasms of the large intestine and survival rate]. PMID- 7289066 TI - [Large intestinal mucosa and circulation of neoplastic cells]. PMID- 7289068 TI - [Non-polyposis type neoplasms of the large intestine]. PMID- 7289067 TI - [Rate of adenoma in the large intestine transforming to carcinoma, and diagnostic criteria]. PMID- 7289069 TI - [Early colorectal cancer]. PMID- 7289070 TI - [Biopsy of colorectal neoplasms with endoscopic polypectomy]. PMID- 7289071 TI - [Diagnostic capacity of x-ray in detecting small swellings in the large intestine]. PMID- 7289072 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of the invasiveness of colorectal neoplasms]. PMID- 7289073 TI - [Staging and prognosis in colorectal neoplasms]. PMID- 7289074 TI - [Endoscopic classification and prognosis in colorectal neoplasms]. PMID- 7289075 TI - [Diagnostic classification of colorectal neoplasms based on radiographic imaging]. PMID- 7289076 TI - [Staging of colorectal neoplasms--comparison with Dukes and Astler-Coller classifications]. PMID- 7289077 TI - [Anatomical consideration in the surgical management of colorectal neoplasms, with special reference to the vascular and lymphatic systems]. PMID- 7289078 TI - [Factors influencing liver metastasis, recurrence in the liver, and preventive measures]. PMID- 7289079 TI - [Colorectal neoplasms and vascular invasion]. PMID- 7289080 TI - [Local recurrence of rectal neoplasms]. PMID- 7289081 TI - [Special characteristics of ileocecal neoplasms]. PMID- 7289082 TI - [Postoperative malfunctions and complications in colorectal neoplasms]. PMID- 7289083 TI - [Intra-arterial injection of antineoplastic agents in colorectal neoplasms]. PMID- 7289084 TI - [Acquired heart diseases]. PMID- 7289085 TI - [Cancer research--validity of its methods (2)]. PMID- 7289086 TI - [Cultured lymphocyte test. Culture method and blast transformation]. PMID- 7289087 TI - [Macrophage migration inhibition test (MIT)]. PMID- 7289088 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMT)]. PMID- 7289089 TI - [ADCC test]. PMID- 7289090 TI - [Killer cell activity test]. PMID- 7289091 TI - [Natural killer cell activity test]. PMID- 7289092 TI - [Virus plaque assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289093 TI - [Anti-lymphocyte antibody formation by cell fusion and its application]. PMID- 7289094 TI - [Biochemical mechanism of blood coagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289095 TI - [The evaluation on the use of double control sera for within-laboratory quality control (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289096 TI - [Biochemical aspect of erythrocyte (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289097 TI - [Immunochemistry of lymphocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289099 TI - [Emergency medical services and clinical laboratory (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289098 TI - [Platelet function in preeclampsia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289100 TI - [Emergency laboratory service in Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289101 TI - [Investigation on emergency laboratory tests at various center hospitals in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289102 TI - [Blood cell counter and electrolytes measurement in primary care and emergency in hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289103 TI - [Emergency blood gas analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289104 TI - [Urgent off-time cross-match test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289105 TI - [Correspondence of blood transfusion section for an emergency examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289107 TI - [Laboratory screening system of pseudocholinesterase C5 variant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289106 TI - [Studies on the clinical significance of a simple fluorometric determination method of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels in human urine--urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels in hemiplegia and rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289108 TI - [On the determination and normal response of urinary catecholamines by high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289109 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of ursodeoxycholic acid in serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289110 TI - [New detector system for HPLC with immobilized enzyme column and luminescence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289111 TI - [Clinical significance of bile acid tolerance tests in patients with liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289112 TI - [Clinical significance of determination of serum bile acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289113 TI - [A clinical significance of oral ursodeoxycholic acid tolerance test for patients with hepatobiliary diseases by using radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289114 TI - [Evaluation of the serum bile acid measurement for the diagnosis of liver diseases, with special reference to individual serum bile acids in hepatobiliary diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289115 TI - [Review of laboratory waste control (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289116 TI - [Adenoma-carcinoma sequence of large intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289117 TI - [Micro-Turbidimetric method for determination of protein in cerebrospinal fluid and urine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289118 TI - [A simple method quantifying adenosine deaminase activity in blood with samples dried on filter paper (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289119 TI - [On the proper interpretation of normal values by individual differences quotient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289120 TI - [The 28th Congress of the Japanese Society of Pathology. Abstracts]. PMID- 7289121 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic portography and pancreatic venography in pancreatic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289122 TI - [Arteriography of neuroblastoma mainly fed by inferior mesenteric artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289123 TI - [The roentgen signs of acute gastritis induced by eating raw mackerel (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289124 TI - [CT diagnosis of venous extension renal tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289125 TI - [New growth aneyrysm in an adult whose multiple aneurysms were operated on two years ago: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289126 TI - [Inverted papilloma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289127 TI - [A case of gastric leiomyosarcoma with extensive omental invasion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289128 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum and left subphrenic abscess due to perforated appendicitis, a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289129 TI - [A roentgenological study on the small intestinal lesions in 3 cases of amyloidosis --with special reference to the double contrast study of the upper small intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289130 TI - [Evaluation of the risk due to medical irradiation]. PMID- 7289131 TI - [Plasmacytoma of the skull (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289132 TI - [Brain scintigraphy in adrenoleukodystrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289133 TI - [Metastatic bone tumors--radiotherapy in bone tumors]. PMID- 7289134 TI - [Expectation to nuclear medicine in the field of respiratory diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289135 TI - [Ventilation, perfusion and inhalation scintigraphy on bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289136 TI - [The application of nuclear medicine for pediatric lung diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289137 TI - [The utilization of baby cyclotron in lung diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289138 TI - [Respiratory nuclear medicine; past, present and future (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289139 TI - [Immobilization of the tongue for the radioactive needle implants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289140 TI - [Pancreatic pseudocyst extending from the mediastinum to the psoas muscle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289141 TI - [201 T1 myocardial imaging of acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289142 TI - [Biological aspects of combined modality with radiotherapy and chemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289143 TI - [Clinical consideration on the untoward effects caused by radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289144 TI - [Analysis and treatment of radiation injuries occurring after radiotherapy in carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289145 TI - [Late injuries following radiotherapy for carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289146 TI - [Pulmonary and mediastinal tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289147 TI - [Local radiation complication on the irradiated carcinoma of uterine cervix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289148 TI - [Radiation-induced cancer following radiotherapy for malignancies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289149 TI - [Treatment results and complications in clinical combination of radiation and chemotherapy in the treatment of localized cancer in the head and neck (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289150 TI - [Diagnostic value and limitation of hepatic angiography to evaluate the resectability in hepatic hemangioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289151 TI - [Clinical application of bone scintigraphy in malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289152 TI - [Rupture of ovarian dermoid cyst (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289153 TI - [Studies on the autonomic nervous regulation of the gastric mucosal microcirculation in rats--with special reference to the pathogenesis of the experimental restraint-induced gastric ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289154 TI - [Metabolism of synthetic human gastrin (SHG) in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289155 TI - [Immunohistological study on the malignant lymphoma of gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289156 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic studies on the experimental ulcer of the rat small intestine. [2] Ultrastructural observation on the small intestinal ulcer induced by indomethacin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289157 TI - [Clinical studies on drug-induced colitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289158 TI - [Studies on the inhibitory effects of cepharanthine on the liver injuries induced by CCl4 poisoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289160 TI - [Separatory determination of free and conjugated bile acids in human serum and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289159 TI - [Study of the serum lipoproteins in patients with chronic liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289161 TI - [Clinicopathological study of liver cirrhosis in the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289162 TI - [A case of diffuse esophageal spasm with hypergastrinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289163 TI - [A case of pneumatosis coli treated by oxygen breathing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289164 TI - [Panperitonitis of typhoid perforation of the ileum--a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289165 TI - [A case report of colitis cystica profunda (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289166 TI - [A case of Budd-Chiari syndrome diagnosed by ultrasonography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289167 TI - [Prostaglandin E2 improves cimetidine-uneffected intractable gastric ulcers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289168 TI - [Experimental gastric ulcer produced by the reduction of HCO3- concentration in the extracellular fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289169 TI - [Bowel sounds observed in frequency domain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289171 TI - [Influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the function of the adrenal cortex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289170 TI - [Regeneration of gastric mucosal defect: especially differentiation of pseudopyloric gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289172 TI - [Influence of ambient temperature on the evaluation of cardiovascular function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289173 TI - [Studies on the indication of body sway measured by the movement of the gravity centre (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289174 TI - The effects of cobalt on the composition of phospholipid fatty acids in rabbit erythrocytes. PMID- 7289175 TI - [Effects of chronic exposure to railway noises on thinking process of school children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289177 TI - [Comparison of the activity values of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in human erythrocytes, as measured by three different methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289176 TI - [Effects of calcium deficiency on the in-vivo interaction of cadmium and zinc (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289178 TI - [Microbiological studies on waste water treatment by medical schools and hospitals. (III). Treatment of benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289179 TI - [Brain and lipoprotein metabolism--with a particular reference fo cerebrovascular disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289180 TI - [An observation of etiologic contribution of lipoproteins to cerebrovascular disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289181 TI - [The relationships of HDL- and LDL-cholesterol to cerebral infarction and to atherosclerosis--clinical and pathological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289182 TI - [High density lipoproteins in cerebral stroke: in relation to ischemic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289183 TI - [Lipoproteins and apoplexia: in relation to diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289184 TI - [Treatment of lipoprotein abnormalities in stroke patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289185 TI - [The effect of vitamin E on aging of granular perithelial cell in cerebral fine vessels of rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289186 TI - [Clinical studies concerning the progress mechanism for myocardial infarction, with special reference to the contribution gall bladder disturbance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289187 TI - [Relationship between aging of the lung and pulmonary diseases. Comparative study of ultrastructure for senile and emphysematous lungs--on elastic fibers and alveolar fenestrae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289188 TI - [Relationship between aging of the lung and pulmonary diseases: ventilation and distribution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289189 TI - [Relationship between aging of the lung and pulmonary diseases: gas exchange and blood gas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289190 TI - [Relationship between aging of the lung and pulmonary diseases: chronic lung diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289191 TI - [Relationship between aging of the lung and pulmonary diseases: lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289192 TI - [Studies on xanthomatosis--occurrence of coronary artery disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289193 TI - [The 23rd Congress of the Japan Geriatric Society. Abstracts]. PMID- 7289194 TI - [The neurophysiological mechanism of light sensation (authors's transl)]. PMID- 7289195 TI - [An analysis of the state spontaneous repetitive firing in squid giant axons (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289196 TI - [A conventional measurement of cardiac output by half-taped impedance cardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289198 TI - [An introduction to biomedical engineering and physics at MIT and Harvard University (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289197 TI - [Analysis of the statistical characteristics of simple reaction-time in schizophrenic group and normal group (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289199 TI - [Microcirculation and substance exchange through it--methods and basic informations (6) Lymphatic flow (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289200 TI - [Automated reticulocyte counting (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289201 TI - [Clinicopathologic study on lupus nephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289202 TI - [Effect of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on hypocalcemia and renal function of chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289203 TI - [Dialysis induced hypoglycemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289204 TI - [Effects of pulse therapy on renal insufficiency of systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289205 TI - [A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of organic acids in uremic ultrafiltrate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289206 TI - [Heavy metal nephropathy induced by tributyltin oxide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289207 TI - [Plasma growth hormone secretion in patients with chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289208 TI - [23d annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Nephrology. Abstracts]. PMID- 7289209 TI - [Noninvasive assessment of right ventricular wall motion by radionuclide cardioangiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289210 TI - [Measurement of aerosol size and its effect on inhaled aerosol deposition patterns in the lungs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289211 TI - [Clinical evaluation of 201Tl-chloride scintigraphy for bone lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289212 TI - [Deconvolution analysis of circulatory system based on iterative deconvolution method in radionuclide angiocardiography (fundamental considerations and clinical applications) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289213 TI - [Clinical usefulness of If-scan in the detection of deep vein thrombosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289214 TI - [Determination of Serum "free T4" by GammaCoat Total/Free T4 Radioimmunoassay Kits-principle of the assay and comparative studies with equilibrium dialysis and free T4 index]. PMID- 7289215 TI - [Glucagon radioimmunoassay by using anti-pancreatic glucagon 19-29 sera: evaluation of a new commercial kit (Dainabot) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289216 TI - [Studies on the measurement on serum triiodothyronine with Immophase T3 RIA Kit]. PMID- 7289217 TI - [Estimation for vein thrombosis using RI venography and 125I-labeled fibrinogen uptake test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289218 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for serum TSH by RIA-gnost TSH test]. PMID- 7289219 TI - [The 21st Congress of the Japanese Society of Nuclear medicine. Abstracts]. PMID- 7289220 TI - Prediction of the carbonmonoxyhemoglobin levels during and after carbon monoxide exposures in various animal species. AB - The equation derived by Coburn, Forster, and Kane (1965) for the absorption and elimination processes of carbon monoxide was solved analytically with less restrictive assumptions. The solution can predict the COHb levels during and after exposures of 50 to 500 ppm CO not only in human subjects but also in rats and mice with reasonable accuracy, except for the CO elimination by breathing hyperbaric oxygen. Physiological parameters required for the prediction are only body mass and hemoglobin concentration. It has been shown that the rate of both processes is inversely proportional to B0.24 in mammals, where B is the body mass: the smaller the animal, the faster the rate of both absorption and elimination. PMID- 7289221 TI - Adrenal secretion of aldosterone in response to anaphylactic shock in hypophysectomized-nephrectomized dogs. AB - The adrenal secretion of aldosterone in response to anaphylactic shock was examined in intact and hypophysectomized-nephrectomized dogs which had been sensitized by horse serum injections (s.c. and i.v.) 24-30 days before the experiment. On the day of the experiment, dogs were injected intravenously with horse serum under pentobarbital anesthesia. During anaphylactic shock induced by horse serum, the adrenal secretion of aldosterone in intact and hypophysectomized nephrectomized dogs increased from 1.32 +/- 0.55 (mean +/- S.E.M.) to 8.43 +/- 1.99 ng/(kg.min) and from 0.23 +/- 0.10 to 2.38 +/- 0.63 ng/(kg.min), respectively. Plasma potassium concentration increased slightly and plasma sodium concentration did not change after the injection of horse serum in hypophysectomized-nephrectomized dogs. The results suggest the possibility that the adrenal secretion of aldosterone in response to anaphylactic shock in hypophysectomized-nephrectomized dogs is due mainly to a direct effect of histamine on the adrenal cortex or occurs via some unknown factors, and only in a small part to an increase in plasma potassium concentration. The adrenal secretion of corticosterone and cortisol during anaphylactic shock increased slightly but significantly in hypophysectomized-nephrectomized dogs, whereas it increased markedly in intact dogs. PMID- 7289222 TI - Transient changes in ventilation and cardiac output at the start and end of exercise. AB - In order to clarify the nature of the regulatory mechanism of the hyperventilation observed at the transition from rest to exercise, cardiac output and ventilation changes in response to submaximal bicycle exercise given as a step function were studied in five healthy men. Cardiac output was determined non inversively by using a type of impedance plethysmography. It was found that (1) both the cardiac output and ventilation started to increase during the first 10 sec after the start of exercise; (2) the rate of increase in the initial response was abrupt in ventilation but rather gradual in cardiac output: (3) the fast response was followed by a slow response with an exponential time course, the half response time of which ranged between 10 and 45 sec in cardiac output and between 5 and 80 sec in ventilation. The half time increased in proportion to an increase in the work rate and (4) end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide monitored simultaneously showed a slight decrease at 10 to 15 sec after the start of exercise. It was therefore concluded from the above observation that the initial phase of the exercise-induced hyperpnea is probably of a neurogenic origin. PMID- 7289223 TI - The K+-sensitive hyperpolarization of rat skeletal muscle and metabolic inhibitors. AB - The electrogenic contribution of Na-pump to the resting potential was investigated in isolated "Na-rich" rat soleus muscles exposed to K-free medium for more than 4 hr at 37 degree C. When the resting potentials of fibres fell to around - 75 mV in the K-free medium, the addition of K+ to the bathing medium evoked a transient hyperpolarization. The K+-sensitive hyperpolarization was reproducible in repeated K+ challenged at 45 or 60 min cycles. The K+-sensitive hyperpolarization was completely abolished by cooling, by adding ouabain, or by substituting Li+ for Na+, and reduced by low and high pH. DNP and hypoxia had little effect on the K+-sensitive hyperpolarizations. PMID- 7289224 TI - The ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in the Ama. AB - The ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia of 5 Amas (Kachido) were compared with those of 5 controls of similar ages, physical characteristics and lung volumes. The responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were analyzed by the equations originally proposed [a] by Lloyd et al. and [b] by Kronenberg et al. as follows: (See the formula in the text) The CO2-response slope in hyperoxia, D, of the Ama (1.820 +/- 0.441 liters . min-1 . Torr-1) was slightly higher than that of the control (1.148 +/- 0.586 liters . min-1 . Torr-1), but the difference was not significant. However, the slope of CO2-response in hypoxia at PETO2 = 44 Torr, S44, was almost the same in the two groups (Ama, 1.822 +/- 0.689 liters . min-1 . Torr-1; control, 1.742 +/- 0.902 liters . min-1 . Torr-1). The ratio of S44 to D was significantly lower (p greater than 0.05) in the Ama (1.039 +/- 0.377) than in the control (1.529 +/- 0.249). Comparing the hypoxic response in terms of the ventilation ratio (VR), the elevation of ventilation with augmentation of hypoxia in the Ama was exceeded by that in the control. Thus, it was suggested that the difference in the ventilatory response to hypoxia between the Ama (Kachido) and the control may have been derived from the respiratory adaptation of the Ama (Kachido) acquired by their daily diving activities. PMID- 7289225 TI - Depressive effects of active shortening on stroke volume of left ventricle and shortening amount of isolated ventricular muscle. AB - In the cross-circulated canine heart-lung preparation, the stroke volume (SV) or the end-systolic volume increased linearly with increasing end-diastolic volume (EDV) when the afterloading impedance was fixed. Exactly the same result was obtained in the relation between the initial length (I) and the amount of shortening (S) for the tetanic contraction of isolated frog ventricular muscle. The slope of the EDV-SV or I-S relation was less than 1.0, suggesting that a kind of depressive effect or a deactivation of contraction was working during the active shortening of cardiac muscle. The slope, which inversely reflects the degree of deactivation, slightly tended to 1.0 with decreasing load and markedly by inotropic intervention, but it was not changed by partial ischemia. The horizontal axis intercept of the EDV-SV or I-S relation, which reflects the ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten under a specified afterloaded condition, shifted to the right (the ability decreased) at a larger load or under partial ischemia but shifted to the left with inotropic intervention. The deactivation increased linearly with the amount of active shortening but no deactivation was observed when there was no active shortening or no load. The mechanism of the deactivation is not due to a shortage of active-state duration but probably due to a depressive effect on Ca2+ utilization of the contractile system during the sliding phase of myofilaments. PMID- 7289226 TI - Suppressive effect of cadmium on high potassium-induced hyperpolarization in snail neurons. AB - Some molluscan ganglion cells were hyperpolarized by an excess of external K, contrary to expectations by the Nernst equation. The membrane resistance of the cells was markedly decreased with the hyperpolarization. This phenomenon was considered to represent a result of the summated IPSP's elicited by the presynaptic inhibitory fibers which were primarily depolarized by high K. We examined the effect of Cd in low pH saline on the membrane potential of snail ganglion cells in order to analyze this phenomenon further. Since Cd has been reported to block Ca channels, it might prevent neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic ending. In pH 8 control saline, the excess of K (22 mM) caused significant hyperpolarization and an evident decrease in membrane resistance, and these changes were not modified much after 1mM Cd addition. In pH 6.5 and 5 saline, the high K-induced hyperpolarization was markedly suppressed or even changed to depolarization by 1 mM Cd. The resistance change was also decreased in low pH Cd saline. Cadmium exerted a greater effect at rather higher concentrations. The results obtained suggest that the high K-induced hyperpolarization is due to the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter. PMID- 7289228 TI - Hemihidrosis due to skin pressure with particular remarks on the intensity and area of the pressure stimuli. AB - Sweating of symmetrical areas of the torso was measured by means of both the filter paper method and electrohygrometric method. Spontaneous sweating rates of the left and right side of the upper and lower chest and the back were statistically highly correlated. Reduction of sweating by pressure application to the unilateral subaxillary region ("pressure hemihidrosis") was studied quantitatively with 12 combination of pressure stimuli, i.e., 1, 2, 3 and 4 kg weights applied to disks with a surface area of 2, 6 and 16.6 cm/, respectively. The amount of reduction in sweating rate was proportional to both the intensity and the surface area to pressure applied. It was revealed that hemihidrotic effects induced from the unit area of pressure stimulation was statistically highly correlated to the pressure intensity. PMID- 7289229 TI - An o-dianisidine method of horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry. AB - A new method of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) neurohistochemistry using o dianisidine (OD) as the chromogen was described. In labelling neurones of the hypoglossal nucleus in rats and cats, the new OD method was as sensitive as Mesulam's method using tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) as the chromogen. PMID- 7289227 TI - Direct effects of endogenous pyrogen on medullary temperature-responsive neurons in rabbits. AB - The effect of endogenous pyrogen (E.P.) injected directly into the tissue near the recording site were examined on the activities of the medullary temperature responsive (TR) neurons in rabbits anesthetized with urethane. Endogenous pyrogen prepared from rabbit's whole blood was administered by a fine glass cannula (100 200 micrometer in diameter) in a fluid volume of 1 to 4 microliter. The cannula was fixed to the manipulator in parallel with a microelectrode and their tips were less than 0.05 mm apart. In rabbits with the intact preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) region, 4 warm-responsive neurons out of 7 were inhibited and 6 cold-responsive neuron out of 7 were excited by the direct administration of the E.P. In rabbits with lesions of the PO/AH, 5 warm-responsive neurons out of 9 were inhibited and 6 cold-responsive neurons out of 8 were facilitated by E.P. Antipyretics administered locally after the E.P. antagonized the pyretic effect, causing a return of the discharge of TR neuron to the control rate within 2.4 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- S.D.) min. The medullary TR neuron itself has the ability to respond to the E.P. and contributes to the development of fever. PMID- 7289230 TI - Activation energy in the mammalian brain slice as determined by oxygen micro electrode measurements. AB - The activation energies were calculated from oxygen consumption rates obtained from oxygen partial pressure (PO2) profiles in olfactory cortical slices of guinea pig in vitro, assuming that the Krogh coefficient varied linearly over the range of investigated temperatures (19-39 degrees C). PMID- 7289231 TI - Relationship between hemodynamics and cardiac metabolism in the reperfusion period following hypothermic global ischemia. AB - Ten mongrel dogs were subjected to hypothermic ischemic cardioplegia for two hours followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion to characterize the relationship between hemodynamic parameters during reperfusion and the recovery of high energy store of the post-ischemic left ventricular myocardium. Dogs were anesthetized with intravenous pentobarbital 30 mg/kg, and standard cardiopulmonary bypass was instituted with the flow rate of 80 ml/min/kg and perfusion pressure around 80 mmHg. Ischemic cardioplegia was obtained by cross-clamping of the aorta for 2 hours under 20 degrees C of myocardial temperature. After termination of cardioplegia, the heart was rewarmed by the support of cardiopulmonary bypass with the flow rate of 80 ml/min/kg until the myocardial temperature was reached 36 degrees C. Hemodynamic parameters were measured throughout the experiment and myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP) were measured at the end of experiment. Correlation was significant between myocardial ATP and coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption. However, myocardial creatine phosphate correlated poorly to coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption and other hemodynamic parameters. These results indicate that the recovery of myocardial high energy store is partly related to coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption, but other parameters are probably involved in the process of early recovery of the myocardium from ischemic cardioplegia. PMID- 7289232 TI - Preoperative physical training for cardiac patients requiring non-cardiac surgery. AB - Clinical significance of preoperative physical training was studied in 29 patients with cardiovascular diseases who were to undergo elective abdominal surgery. The exercise testing on admission revealed that 11 of the 29 were in inadequate physical condition. These 11 underwent a preoperative physical training program which proved to be effective in 7. The incidence of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the 4 patients with inadequate physical fitness than in the 25 patients who were fit. Two cardiac deaths occurred postoperatively in the former group, while no cardiac complication or death was found in the latter group. These results indicate that preoperative physical training is a useful adjunct to regular methods for estimating cardiac risk and also to reduce the risk. PMID- 7289233 TI - Differential diagnosis of maldigestion and malabsorption of fat. I. Comparison of the radioactivity of triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid in fecal fat using purified 131I-triolein. AB - To differentiate maldigestion from malabsorption of fat, we compared the radioactivity of triglyceride with non-esterified fatty acid in fecal fat after ingestion of radiochemically purified 131I-triolein. A large amount of radioactivity was present in the triglyceride fraction from patients with pancreatic insufficiency, while such was found only in non-esterified fatty acid fraction in patients with short bowel syndrome, as determined by thin-layer chromatogram scanning. Thus, the "Digestion-Absorption Index" was calculated as a ratio of the radioactivity of triglyceride to that of non-esterified fatty acid. Mean Digestion-Absorption Index was 0.946 in the maldigestive group, and 0.045 in the malabsorptive group, and there was a statistical significance. However, an overlap in a few cases was confirmed in the area of 0.10 +/- 0.02, when this index was plotted on a table of semilogarithms. We assumed that this overlap was chiefly the result of maldigestion plus malasorption of fat. PMID- 7289234 TI - Differential diagnosis of maldigestion and malabsorption of fat. II. Comparison of 131I-triolein with 14C-triolein in normal, pancreatic juice-deficient, short bowel and bile-deficient dogs. AB - To determine whether or not purified 131I-triolein produces the same behavior as 14C-triolein in the intraluminal phase, and to assess whether or not 0.10 +/- 0.02 of the Digestion-Absorption Index (DAI) obtained from clinical cases is an adequate value for differentiating maldigestion from malabsorption of fat, dogs, pancreatic juice-deficient, short bowel and bile-deficient were prepared. Both the pancreatic juice-deficient and bile-deficient groups indicated a high fecal excretion of 14C- and 131I-radioactivity, and the short bowel group indicated a moderate fecal excretion of fat. Daily fecal fat levels in each group were in parallel to the 3-day fecal excretion of radioactivity. However, the Digestive Adsorption Index of the pancreatic juice-deficient group of 0.602 in 14C and 0.620 in 131I, and indicated that a considerable portion of the ingested triolein was excreted into the feces without hydrolysis. DAI in the short bowel group were 0.020 in 14C and 0.022 in 131I, and in the bile-deficient group, the indices were 0.031 in 14C and 0.021 in 131I. Both latter groups showed a malabsorptive defect. Additionally, the Digestion-Absorption Index of the pancreatic juice-deficient group was higher than 0.10 +/- 0.02 of the clinical borderline mentioned in the foregoing paper, and that of the other two groups was lower. Therefore, this borderline may represent adequate values for the differentiation of fat malassimilation. On the other hand, it was confirmed that 14C-triolein and 131I triolein showed similar behavior in the intraluminal phase, and that the 131I triolein test was adequate for clinical testing for fat digestion and absorption. PMID- 7289235 TI - Diagnostic evaluation of CT and ERCP based on a retrospective analysis of hepato biliary and pancreatic diseases. AB - A retrospective analysis was performed in order to evaluate diagnostic accuracies by computed tomography (CT) and by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Materials studied were 67 lesions out of 56 cases with hepato-biliary and pancreatic diseases confirmed mainly at surgery. Diagnostic accuracy of the CT & ERCP for the hepato-biliary lesions was 59.5% & 86.5% and that of CT & ERCP for the pancreatic lesions was 60% & 80% respectively. CT scan is useful for diagnosing abscess, cyst or tumors. On the contrary, lesions which invade the hepato-biliary tract or pancreatic duct can be readily diagnosed by ERCP examination. ERCP is less useful for the diagnosis of parenchymatous lesions or infiltration of lesions into the surrounding organs. Therefore, the combined use of both CT and ERCP is important for the diagnosis of hepato-biliary or pancreatic disease. PMID- 7289236 TI - Sequential combination chemoimmunotherapy for various malignant tumors: clinical and laboratory results. AB - A chemoimmunotherapy program designed on the bases of the results of animal experiments was designed for 139 patients with various advanced malignant tumors. The treatment regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide (CY) 200 mg intravenously on day 1, Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) treated autologous tumor cells admixed with BCG 5 to 10 mg intradermally on day 4 and mitomycin C (MMC) 10 to 16 mg and 5-fluorouracil (FU) 500 mg intravenously on day 7, of each course. Thereafter, maintenance treatment was started on day 14 with tegafur (FT) 600 mg and immunostimulants, such as OK432, PSK or levamisole. In the group of patients with gastric carcinoma, as compared to historical control patients, this treatment significantly improved survival in those with stage III disease (p less than 0.02), stage IV disease (p less than 0.05) and recurrent or unresectable tumor (p less than 0.001). Immune reactivities as measured by PPD skin test and PHA lymphocyte blastogenesis increased slightly following the therapy. After completion of the treatment, cellular immunity to autologous tumor extract could be detected in vitro by macrophage migration inhibition technique in 12 of 42 patients. The relationship of immune reactivity before or after therapy to patient survival was examined. Analysis of survival curves according to PPD skin test showed significant prolongation of survival in patients with positive reaction as compared to those with negative response following the treatment. PMID- 7289237 TI - Surgical treatment of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in infants and children. AB - Eleven pediatric Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome patients underwent surgery. Four had left, 5 right cardiac type and 2 had right septal type WPW syndrome. Two patients had 2 accessory conduction pathways (ACP). Ebstein's anomaly and secundum type atrial septal defect were the association congenital cardiac diseases in one patient each. Indications for surgery included repeated and/or long-lasting paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), ineffective drug therapy, cardiac failure due to frequent tachycardia, short effective refractory period of the ACP, and simultaneous surgery for associated congenital cardiac diseases. Pre- and intra-operative examinations, including ECG, VCG, UCG, body surface mapping, intracavitary recording by catheter electrodes, computerized epicardial mapping, and endocardial mapping, were performed for the precise localization of the ACP. The surgical method was basically the same as is used for adults. Anterior median stermotomy was used primarily in right cardiac and right septal type and left anterior thoracotomy was used in 3 of 4 cases of the left cardiac type. Eight of 11 cases, two of which had 3 ACPs, were completely cured and in 3 there was evidence of postoperative pre-excitation. However, the PSVT attacks disappeared almost completely and drug therapy is not required at present. PMID- 7289238 TI - An experience using spiral vein graft as arterial substitute. AB - In two patients wih aneurysmal changes due to arteriosclerosis in the axillary and the subclavian artery respectively, spiral vein grafts were used in a substitute for vascular reconstruction. After resection of the aneurysm, these vein grafts resulted in an excellent adaptation to the recipient vessel. Complicated techniques were not required and the construction time was minimal. Such an approach may be used even in adjacent sites to a joint. PMID- 7289239 TI - [Respiration in patients undergoing surgical removal of the carotid body]. PMID- 7289240 TI - [Coagulation and fibrinolysis in lung diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289241 TI - [Needle biopsy in benign lung disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289242 TI - [Positional changes of arterial blood gas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289243 TI - [Epidemiological studies on idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289244 TI - [The decrement of diffusing capacity observed by corticosteroid therapy in sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289245 TI - [Mediastinal giant lymph node hyperplasia accompanied by hypergammaglobulinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289247 TI - [Problems in the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Treatment of respiratory infectious diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289246 TI - [Pulmonary non-specific inflammations treated in surgical unit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289248 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289249 TI - [Problems in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: in terms of bacteriologic relapse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289250 TI - [Nonspecific esterases activities of epithelioid cells in sarcoid granulomas and tuberculous granulomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289251 TI - [Computed tomography of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis --a new trial of histographical presentation of frequency distribution of attenuation numbers-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289252 TI - [Clinical study on pulmonary involvement in polymyositis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289253 TI - [Acute cardiac tamponade due to mature mediastinal teratoma penetrating into the pericardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289254 TI - [Changes in the arterial erythrocytic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration in experimental respiratory failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289255 TI - [Influence of airway resistance and lung compliance on flow-volume curve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289257 TI - [Four cases with farmer's lung disease in dairy farmers in Hokkaido district (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289256 TI - [Bronchial arteriogram of pulmonary hamartoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289258 TI - [Left ventricular diastolic properties in chronic lung disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289259 TI - [Relationships between PaO2 and the other pulmonary function test parameters in patients with pulmonary silicosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289260 TI - [Pulmonary hematoma due to blunt, nonpenetrating chest injury: report of three cases and reported cases in the Japanese literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289261 TI - [Catamenial pneumothorax: report of a case with simultaneous bilateral pneumothorax and a new proposal on its pathogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289262 TI - [Lysozyme activity in broncho-alveolar lavage fluids from healthy subjects and patients with pulmonary diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289263 TI - [A case of tuberous sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289264 TI - [A case of PIE (pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia) syndrome caused by Gnathostoma spinigerum--a case confirmed by skin biopsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289265 TI - [Successful total correction of a complete atrioventricular canal associated with tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289266 TI - [Surgical application of glutaraldehyde-treated bovine pericardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289267 TI - [The development of new equipments and instruments for myocardial protection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289268 TI - [Factors influenced on the development of arterial embolization in mitral stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289269 TI - [Studies on thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289270 TI - [Corrective surgery of tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289271 TI - [An experience of transcatheter embolization through bronchial artery for a patient with severe hemoptysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289272 TI - [A case of kinking of the aorta and aortic valve stenoinsufficiency due to infective endocarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289273 TI - [Pseudo-inhibition of demand pacemaker due to after-potential in two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289274 TI - [A case of intrapleural rupture of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289275 TI - [Three cases of diaphragmatic hernia through the foramen of Morgagni (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289276 TI - [Effect of inotropic agents and vasodilator on hemodynamics shortly after open heart surgery --in terms of cardiac work and oxygen consumption of the whole body (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289277 TI - [Surgical treatment for anomalies of the coronary arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289278 TI - [Surgery for mitral stenosis complicated with left atrial thrombus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289279 TI - [Surgical treatment of aortic regurgitation associated with ventricular septal defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289280 TI - [Surgical management for infective endocarditis --a new operative technique for aortic root abscess (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289281 TI - [Recent experience with sleeve lobectomy for tuberculous stenosis of right main bronchus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289282 TI - [Surgical treatment of tricuspid insufficiency after right ventriculotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289283 TI - [Results of 43 patients treated by modified radical mastectomy with partial resection of the major pectoral muscle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289284 TI - [A case of left atrial myxoma: successfully removed with both atriotomy and atrial septal resection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289285 TI - [A case of primary mediastinal seminoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289286 TI - [A surgical case report of supravalvular type left ventricular-right atrial communication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289287 TI - [A surgical case of expanding aneurysm of the abdominal aorta in Marfan's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289289 TI - [Clinical conference at the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Kansai Medical University. 2. Chronic pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7289288 TI - [A case of successful surgery for perforation of the interventricular septum after myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289290 TI - [Studies on uric acid disorders in patients with urinary calculi (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289291 TI - [Renal cell carcinoma: its stage and grade (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289292 TI - [Seventeen cases of urolithiasis in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289293 TI - [Basic investigation on electromyogram of the urinary bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289294 TI - [Direct visual observation of the contraction of the urinary bladder and urethra during stimulating pelvic nerve, hypogastric nerve and pudendal nerve electrically--a new in vivo method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289295 TI - [Intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas from various causes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289296 TI - [Evaluation of serum protein levels as diagnostic and therapeutic parameters in urinary tract infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289297 TI - [A case of bilateral urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289299 TI - [A histochemical study of the obstructed refluxing ureters experimentally induced in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289298 TI - [Incomplete sagittal septum of the bladder--a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289300 TI - [The late result of transpubic radical total prostatectomy for carcinoma of the prostate. A review of 137 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289301 TI - [The study on anatomical structure in the ureterovesical junction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289302 TI - [Angiographic staging of renal cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289303 TI - [Investigation of the cutaneous transureteroureterostomy (cutaneous synadelpho ureterostomy) in adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289304 TI - [Development of transurethral ultrasonography and clinical application to the bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289305 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on the cause of unexplained hematuria: a roentgenologic consideration of the relationship between hematuria and congestion in the venous system of the upper urinary tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289306 TI - [Endocrine studies on male infertility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289307 TI - [Pharmacologic study of the external urethral sphincter through recordings of the electromyogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289308 TI - [Anterior subcostal incision: a surgical approach to the adrenal and retroperitoneal disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289310 TI - [Studies of seminal vesicles. Report I. The iodide ion permeability of the rat seminal vesicles (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289309 TI - [Blastformation of human lymphocytes with various anti-lymphocyte globulins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289311 TI - [Studies of seminal vesicles. Report 2. Fructose secreting mechanism of the guinea-pig seminal vesicles (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289312 TI - [The significance of hypercalciuria in idiopathic calcium urolithiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289314 TI - [A case of multiple ureteral polyps in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289313 TI - [Three-dimensional structure of the human epididymis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289315 TI - [The study of in situ renal perfusion--comparison of various perfusate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289316 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase and its isozymes in human ejaculate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289317 TI - [Studies on the application of microexplosion to medicine and biology. VI. The pressure profile of blast wave in air by detonation of a lead azide charging chamber (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289318 TI - [Studies on oxalate in urolithiasis. I. A radioenzymatic assay for oxalate in urine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289319 TI - [Studies on adrenal androgen in patients with prostatic carcinoma receiving endocrine therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289320 TI - [Hyperthermic therapy of the bladder cancer. I. Effect of the hyperthermia on the cultured bladder cancer cell lines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289321 TI - [A case report of multi-transcatheter embolization of renal cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289322 TI - [Retroperitoneal abscess with secondary pleural effusion: report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289323 TI - Studies on hemolysis in canine dirofilarial hemoglobinuria. Lipid alterations in blood serum and red cell membrane. PMID- 7289324 TI - Studies on mycobacterial infection of cows in Hokkaido. PMID- 7289325 TI - Indirect hemagglutination test for diagnosis of canine filariasis. PMID- 7289327 TI - Intracellular vacuoles or vesicles and invagination in boar spermatozoa. PMID- 7289326 TI - Electron microscopic study on the fetal thyroid C cells following fetal hypophyseoprivia with or without TSH and GH therapies in the rat. PMID- 7289328 TI - [Controlled electrophoresis of serum proteins on polyacrylamide gel (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289331 TI - Fine structure of the bovine parotid gland. PMID- 7289330 TI - Spiral-shaped bacteria in the cecal mucosa of the Amami spinous country-rat, Tokudaia osimensis osimensis. PMID- 7289329 TI - Microarchitecture of air capillaries and blood capillaries in the respiratory area of the hen's lung examined by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7289332 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observations on the goat parotid glands. PMID- 7289333 TI - Use and limit of sero-diagnosis on calf pneumonia associated with Mycoplasmatales. PMID- 7289334 TI - Developmental changes in the inner surface structure of the bovine abomasum. PMID- 7289335 TI - Histopathological studies on pigs with atrophic rhinitis showing retarded growth. PMID- 7289336 TI - Physiological and biochemical characteristics of Fusobacterium necrophorum biovar A and biovar B strains and their deoxyribonucleic acid homology. PMID- 7289337 TI - Studies on canine parvovirus isolation, experimental infection and serologic survey. PMID- 7289339 TI - Effects of histamine injections on physiological responses to laminitis in cattle exposed to warm and cold temperatures. PMID- 7289340 TI - Isolation of mycoplasmas from raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus), fox (Vulpes vulpes japonica) and Japanese badger (Meles meles anakuma). PMID- 7289338 TI - Serum total bile acid level in normal dogs. PMID- 7289341 TI - An outbreak of ocular disease caused by staphylococcal infection in Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) imported into Japan. PMID- 7289342 TI - Pathological study on lungworm disease in the wild Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus. PMID- 7289343 TI - Fistulous communication of a pseudocyst with the common bile duct: demonstration by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. PMID- 7289344 TI - Laryngeal and perianal tuberculosis simulating laryngeal and perianal carcinoma. PMID- 7289345 TI - Central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematous. PMID- 7289346 TI - Language disorder predicts familial Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 7289347 TI - [Identification and sero-typing of the clinically isolated atypical mycobacterium strains (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289348 TI - [Thin-layer chromatography after incubation with 35S-methionine.--Meaning of petroleum ether-soluble fraction as aid to identification of Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, and Nocardia--(author's transl)]. PMID- 7289349 TI - [Long-term observation of patients undergoing pneumonectomy due to pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289350 TI - [Analyses on chronic excretors of tubercle bacilli in Aichi Prefecture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289351 TI - [On the mechanism of senescence and tuberculosis in the aged. 2. Biochemical study of connective tissue of the lung]. PMID- 7289352 TI - [On the mechanism of senescence and tuberculosis in the aged. 3. Pathology of the lung and tuberculosis in aged people]. PMID- 7289353 TI - [On the mechanism of senescence and tuberculosis in the aged. 4. Clinico epidemiological study of tuberculosis in the aged]. PMID- 7289354 TI - [On the mechanism of senescence and tuberculosis in the aged. 5. Clinical study of pulmonary tuberculosis in the aged]. PMID- 7289355 TI - [A clinical study on 10 cases of tuberculosis developed in chronic dialysis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289356 TI - [Basic knowledge of tuberculosis: The Education Committee Japanese Society for Tuberculosis]. PMID- 7289357 TI - [High density lipoproteins as a coronary disease risk factor and their role in physiology]. PMID- 7289358 TI - [Blood levels of free fatty acid in unstable angina pectoris]. PMID- 7289360 TI - [Left ventricular contraction in various types of intraventricular block]. PMID- 7289359 TI - [Left-ventricular contraction in persistent elevation of the ST segment after anterior wall infarction]. PMID- 7289362 TI - [Interventricular septum rupture in myocardial infarct with unusual course (clinico-morphological study)]. PMID- 7289361 TI - [Anomalous pulmonary venous outflow in children]. PMID- 7289363 TI - [Endomyocardial biopsy of the right and left ventricle - description of our method]. PMID- 7289364 TI - [High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the male population aged 20-59 years]. PMID- 7289365 TI - [Intensive cardiological care: tasks and dilemmas]. PMID- 7289366 TI - [Analysis of 57 cases of cardiogenic shock in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7289367 TI - [Incidence of ischemic heart disease among the general population in its relation to risk factors]. PMID- 7289368 TI - [Incidence of coronary disease risk factors among the male population aged 40-59 years in the Warsaw section, South Praga]. PMID- 7289370 TI - [Harmful effect of coronary reperfusion after 5 and 8 hours of experimental myocardial infarct in dogs. Protective role of intra-aortic balloon pumping]. PMID- 7289371 TI - [Diagnostic value of the electrocardiographic signs of latent pre-excitation]. PMID- 7289369 TI - [Electrophysiological changes in different layers of the ventricular wall caused by 60-minute ligation of the coronary artery and reperfusion in the dog. II. In vitro studies of intracellular potentials]. PMID- 7289372 TI - [Evaluation of the first lead of the left-ventricular echocardiographic inner dimension in surgically treated mitral stenosis]. PMID- 7289373 TI - [Changes in the risk factor and symptoms of ischemic heart disease during a 2 year observation of men aged 40-59 years at Warsaw's industrial plants]. PMID- 7289374 TI - [Factors influencing the prognosis of myocardial infarct. VI. Blood pressure]. PMID- 7289376 TI - [Dilatation of the right-ventricular outflow route instead of vascular surgery in tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 7289375 TI - [Mitral valve prosthesis exchange because of marked mitral stenosis due to the patient's body growth]. PMID- 7289377 TI - [Mechanism of the increase in peripheral vascular resistance in hypertension]. AB - To elucidate the mechanisms determining peripheral vascular resistance in arterial hypertension the circulation in the leg was studied by venous occlusion plethysmography in 41 hypertensive patients and 11 normotensive controls. It was found that vascular resistance in the leg both at rest and during maximal vasodilatation were within the normal limits in labile and mild hypertension, but it was significantly raised in established, malignant and refractory hypertension. The increased Rmin strongly suggests structurally narrowed lumina, but not enhanced vasoconstriction of the neurohumoral origin. Moreover, vascular smooth muscle activity at rest was not increased in absolute values in hypertensive patients though it may be considered as inappropriately "high" in relation to the altered vascular design. It was concluded, that at least in the vascular bed of the leg a rise in peripheral resistance is caused by structural changes of the resistance vessels along with unchanged contractile activity of the vascular smooth muscles. PMID- 7289378 TI - [Effect of antioxidants on the rheological and electrokinetic properties at the blood in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7289379 TI - [Hemostatic characteristics of hypertensive and ischemic heart disease patients treated with a permanent magnetic field]. PMID- 7289380 TI - [Effect of the new Soviet thrombolytic preparation streptodecase on the fibrinolysis system]. AB - The usefulness of the thrombolytic therapy in diseases of the cardio-vascular system, complicated or caused by thromboses is beyond doubt. However, the existing medicinal forms of fibrinolytic enzymes possess a number of disadvantages which limit their use. To enhance the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy a streptokinase, named streptodekase, has been created and immobilized on a water-soluble matrix. Streptodekase was tested on the haemocoagulation system in 7 patients with thrombosis of the femoral artery or the branches of the pulmonary artery. It was seen that streptodekase causes a considerable and rapid increase of fibrinolysis without unwanted disorders in the blood coagulation and other side effects. The convenience in use and simplicity (the therapeutic dose of 3,000,000 units is administered in a single injection, intravenously and immediately), the safety and high specific activity permit one to think that the drug may be widely used. PMID- 7289381 TI - [Erythrocyte coagulating and fibrinolytic activity in chronic ischemic heart disease]. AB - It is shown that the erythrocytes of patients suffering from chronic ischaemic heart disease have normal or increased procoagulant, decreased anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activity, i.e. they enhance the increased coagulating and decrease the fibrinolytic potential of plasma in this group of patients. Addition of syncumar to the combined treatment causes certain decrease of the erythrocyte hypercoagulation potential, though it still remains marked. The fibrinolytic activity of plasma and erythrocytes remains unchanged. PMID- 7289382 TI - [Progressively acting antithrombins and plasma heparin resistance in ischemic heart disease]. AB - A comparative study of activity of the progressively acting antithrombin and their heparin-cofactor activity was undertaken in 27 patients with angina pectoris and 46 with macrofocal myocardial infarction. It was established that the count of thrombin inactivation during 5 minutes (Abiligaard method) shows no disorders in the majority of patients. Only in 3 patients with the primary antithrombin III and 3 (40% of patients with acute myocardial infarction showed a marked decrease of this parameter. Inactivation count of the endogenous thrombin according to the "self-coagulogram" during one hour enabled one to show decrease of activity of antithrombin in of 80% of patients. The heparin-cofactor activity in the serial heparin-thrombin test is markedly disrupted, which was used to compute the indices of activity of antithrombin and of the antithrombin plasma reserve. This disorder did not depend much on the increase of the antiheparin factor of thrombocytes in plasma. PMID- 7289383 TI - [Characteristics of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in ischemic heart disease patients with congestive circulatory failure]. AB - Patients with ischaemic heart disease of severe forms with congested insufficiency of the circulation have chronic latent disseminated intravascular blood coagulation, which is confirmed by the increased level of soluble fibrin, products of breakdown of fibrinogen-fibrin, decreased activity of antithrombin III, marked sludging of erythrocytes at the microcirculatory level. A high degree of the correlation between the content of soluble fibrin and the marked sludge phenomenon was found. Thromboembolic complications arising in this group of patients were accompanied by marked progress of the disorders found, which permitted one to isolate a limited as the the number of parameters coagulogram for the diagnosis of acute intravascular thrombosis in the patients with ischaemic heart diseases with congested insufficiency of the circulation. The important role of a preserved plasmin system for the prognosis in patients with congested insufficiency of the circulation with thromboembolic complications is shown. PMID- 7289384 TI - [Aspirin sensitivity of healthy persons and patients]. PMID- 7289385 TI - [Effect of ischemic heart disease risk factors on plasma and vascular-thrombocyte hemostasis]. AB - In 222 men aged 40-59 with ischaemic heart disease an epidemiological investigation established the influence of risk factors (hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, overweight and smoking) on the vasculo-thrombocytic haemostasis. It was found that the similarity of action of risk factors in increased with their combinations. The authors found enhancement of the contact activity of the blood, the sensitivity of the thrombocytes to aggregants, the reaction of isolation of platelets, the content of the pathological forms of fibrin and fibrinogen, the acceleration of coagulation and the slowing down of retraction. These shifts are considered as an activation of the coagulation system in circulation. PMID- 7289387 TI - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of the course of pulmonary artery thromboembolism in myocardial infarct]. AB - The results of the roentgenologic examination of 48 patients with pulmonary occlusion, complicating acute myocardial infarction are presented. The characteristics of the x-ray appearance of the pulmonary arterial thromboembolism in the patients with acute left ventricular failure are demonstrated. PMID- 7289386 TI - [Blood rheological effects in ischemic heart disease treated with antianginal and thrombolytic agents]. AB - In 161 patients with different forms of ischaemic heart disease the authors studied changes of the blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation and of thrombocytes during treatment with modern antianginal and the thrombolytic agents. Treatment with nitroglycerin in tablets and Sustac revealed no statistically significant differences in the changes of the haemorheological parameters. The mainly thrombocyte disaggregational effect was shown by micristin (aspirin/propranolol in the daily dose of over 120 mg) and verapamil (the daily dose over 160 mg). The use of dipyridamol, trental and nonachlazin was accompanied both by the decrease of functional activity of thrombocytes and by the decrease of the blood viscosity as a result of improvement of the functional properties of erythrocytes. Sodium nitroprusside depressed shortly the aggregation of platelets and decreased the blood viscosity at the expense of the decrease of the haematocrit. The use of streptokinase (avelisine) in patients with acute myocardial infarction was accompanied by defibrinisation of the blood, by marked decrease of the aggregation facility of formed elements of the blood and its viscosity. The results suggest that the haemorheological mechanisms participate in the antianginal effect of the drugs studied. PMID- 7289388 TI - [Role of blood rheological disorders in the pathogenesis of acute venous thrombosis]. AB - The study of rheological properties of the blood in 115 patients with acute venous thrombosis showed that in 73% of cases haemorheological disorders participate in the pathogenesis of the thrombus formation, in 27% the disease runs a course with the normal rheological characteristics of the blood. The increase of the blood viscosity in venous thrombosis has a multifactorial character and depends on the degree of aggregation of the erythrocytes the cell Z potential, dys- and hyperproteinaemia. In this respect it is essential to approach the problem differentially to correct haemorheological disturbances and disorders of the coagulation system of the blood in patients with venous thrombosis. PMID- 7289389 TI - [Antithrombotic prophylaxis of the complications of arteriosclerosis obliterans]. AB - The clinical efficacy of antithrombolytic drugs in different combinations was studied on a large contingent of patients with cerebral, coronary atherosclerosis and obliterating atherosclerosis of the vessels. It was shown that regular administration of acetylsalicylic acid with coumarin derivatives prolongs life of patients with cardiovascular diseases and decreases the number of vascular catastrophes. PMID- 7289390 TI - [Factor analysis in assessing the rheological properties of the blood in acquired heart defects at the surgical stage]. PMID- 7289391 TI - [Structural and functional state of the vascular wall and hemostasis in chronic ischemic heart disease]. AB - Coronarography was used to study the state of haemocoagulation in 83 patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease. No essential differences in the figures of the blood coagulation in patients with intact and slightly sclerosed coronary arteries have been found; certain parameters, the blood heparin, dissolved fibrin were changed towards hypercoagulation with the vessels intact. Marker growth of the haemocoagulation potential was seen only with total lesion of the heart arteries reaching over 50 and 75%. The rise of haemocoagulation activity was noted also as the sensitivity of microvessels to adrenaline rose. It has been concluded that in the development of hypercoagulation not only atherosclerosis of the vascular wall, but changes of its reactivity take part. PMID- 7289393 TI - [Microcirculation tolerance for physical loading and homeostatic indices in stenocardia]. AB - In 80 patient with angina pectoris marked extravascular, vascular and intravascular microcirculatory lesions have been found through conjunctival biomicroscopy which progressed considerably as chronic coronary insufficiency developed. Disorders in the system of microcirculation in patients with angina pectoris are intimately linked with the decrease of tolerance to physical strain, increase of cholesterol and triglyceride level and the coagulating potential of the blood. In angina pectoris patients who during the anginal attack, caused by physical strain, show no "ischaemic" shift of the S-T segment on the ECG, extra- and intravascular microcirculatory disorders play a relatively greater role in the pathogenesis of the disease than in patients with typical changes on ECG. PMID- 7289392 TI - [Diagnostic importance of the ergometrine test in ischemic heart disease]. AB - The ergometrine test was performed in 102 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cardialgias of various genesis. The diagnosis was verified in all patients by the bicycle exercise test and coronary arteriography. The variant of angina pectoris was diagnosed when there were precordial pains and the ST-segment elevation after intravenous ergometrine injection. The appearance of angina pectoris and ischemic ST-segment depression was observed in patients with angina of effort and at rest. This type of reaction in the ergometrine test indicates obstructive coronary heart disease. The appearance of precordial pain without ECG changes is probably the sign of latent coronary insufficiency. The ergometrine testing is proposed for the differential diagnosis of different forms of angina pectoris. PMID- 7289394 TI - [Microcirculatory changes in respiratory insufficiency]. AB - The paper describes the results of study of 71 patients with chronic diseases of the lungs. The methods of investigation were directed at eliciting changes in extravascular, vascular and intravascular factors of the microcirculatory system. Considerable disorders of the microcirculation have been found in respiratory insufficiency and their dependence of the stage of insufficiency. Comparison of the degree of microcirculatory shifts with the gaseous composition of the blood and the acid-base balance has been made. The stages of microcirculatory changes run parallel to the severity of respiratory insufficiency, and the causes leading to pathology of microcirculation in respiratory insufficiency are multifactorial in character, the main being changes in the gaseous composition of the blood. PMID- 7289395 TI - Selective distal nephron damage during isolated kidney perfusion. AB - The morphologic characteristics of the isolated perfused rat kidney were examined by light and electron microscopy. Following perfusion for 90 min, the cortex appeared normal except for the development of spaces in glomerular mesangial regions and ultrastructural abnormalities in very few proximal tubular cells. In the medulla, descending limbs of the loops of Henle and Collecting tubules appeared normal. During perfusion, however, even under optimal conditions, consistent and reproducible changes rapidly developed in cells of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, more specifically, in cells of the straight portion of the distal tubule in the inner stripe of the outer medulla. The changes became progressively more severe as perfusion continued and ranged from swelling of mitochondria at 15 min to complete cellular disruption by 90 min. Horseradish peroxidase added to the perfusion medium was found in and between damaged cells and in the interstitial tissue adjacent to affected areas. The pathogenesis of these selective medullary distal tubular abnormalities may relate to the specialized functional activity of this segment of the nephron. Such abnormalities may contribute to the specific functional defects of the preparation. PMID- 7289397 TI - Effect of aldosterone on the transepithelial potential difference of the rat distal tubule. PMID- 7289396 TI - Urea synthesis in moderate experimental uremia. AB - Urea synthesis rates (USR) were examined in relation to individual variations in energy and nitrogen intakes. Rats made uremic by 7/8 nephrectomy (N = 12) were pairfed with sham-operated controls (N = 11) and divided into two diet groups: diet 1 (4 kcal/g, 18% protein) and diet 2 (4 kcal/g, 42% protein). Nitrogen intake (NI) and energy intake (EI) were varied according to the quantity of feed given and the addition of a nonprotein gavage supplement. The USR was determined by 14C-urea excretion during four periods when EI ranged from 20 to 50 kcal/day and NI ranged from 150 to 675 mg/day. Although USR did not correlate directly with either dietary protein or energy, the percent of protein-derived calories allowed the prediction of USR from NI. Fractional urea synthesis was not related to NI but rather to total EI. The nonlinear regression described a critical EI of 30 kcal/day below which USR increased to 75% of the NI. USR was not different between control and uremic animals. These data suggest an advantage in maintaining an appropriate protein: energy ratio (2.5 g per 100 kcal) to minimize the fractional urea synthesis. The utilization of nitrogen at different levels of protein and energy intake was not altered by the state of experimental uremia. PMID- 7289398 TI - Daily requirement for pyridoxine supplements in chronic renal failure. AB - Vitamin B6 deficiency was evaluated in 37 patients with chronic renal failure and in 71 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) or intermittent peritoneal dialysis (PD). Vitamin B6 deficiency was assessed by the in vitro activity of erythrocyte glutamic pyruvic transaminase (EGPT), without (basal) and with (stimulated) the addition of pyridoxal-5-phosphate to the assay, and the EGPT index (stimulated activity ./. basal activity). Basal and stimulated EGPT activities were below normal in the HD patients, and the EGPT index was increased in each group of patients, indicating vitamin B6 deficiency. Supplemental pyridoxine hydrochloride was given to 30 HD patients who received 1.25 to 50 mg/day (37 studies), 6 PD patients who were given 1.25 or 2.5 mg/day (7 studies), and 8 nondialyzed patients with mild to severe renal failure who received 2.5 mg/ day. In all HD patients, 10 or 50 mg/day of pyridoxine hydrochloride rapidly corrected the abnormal EGPT index and maintained normal values; with supplements of 5.0 mg/day or less, the index was often abnormal, particularly in those who were septic or taking pyridoxine antagonists. In PD patients and nondialyzed patients with renal failure, 2.5 mg/day of pyridoxine hydrochloride was inadequate to correct rapidly the abnormal index in all patients. These findings suggest that HD patients should receive 10 mg/day of supplemental pyridoxine hydrochloride (8.2 mg/day pyridoxine). PD patients and patients with chronic renal failure should receive about 5.0 mg/day of supplemental pyridoxine hydrochloride (4.1 mg/day pyridoxine). When sepsis intervenes or vitamin B6 antagonists are taken, 10 mg/day of pyridoxine hydrochloride may be a safer supplement for all patients. PMID- 7289399 TI - Effects of vasopressin on the isolated perfused human collecting tubule. AB - Cortical collecting tubules (CCT) were dissected from the surviving normal tissue of human kidneys removed at operation for either carcinoma or calculus. These CCT's were perfused in vitro shortly after the nephrectomy was performed. Transtubular potential differences in different tubules varied from +3.2 to -2.0 mV and were reduced towards zero by lowering the temperature or by adding ouabain to the bath. In the absence of vasopressin, tubules were essentially impermeable to water with extremely low net water fluxes even in the presence of a transtubular osmotic gradient. Addition of vasopressin to the bath caused the transtubular osmotic water permeability coefficient to increase to values of 125, 175, and 155 X 10(-4) cm/sec in three tubules thus studied. These results demonstrate close similarities between the human CCT and the more extensively studied rabbit CCT. PMID- 7289400 TI - Urine and serum lactic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes, and alkaline phosphatase in the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7289401 TI - Exclusion from dialysis: a sociologic and legal perspective. PMID- 7289402 TI - Role of vasopressin in impaired water excretion in conscious rats with experimental cirrhosis. PMID- 7289403 TI - Filtration in single isolated mammalian glomeruli. PMID- 7289404 TI - Pathophysiology of acute Bence-Jones protein nephrotoxicity in the rat. PMID- 7289405 TI - Shape of cells and extracellular channels in rabbit cortical collecting ducts. AB - Superficial cortical collecting ducts of rabbits were examined by scanning electron microscopy and by computer-assisted morphometric analysis of transmission electron micrographs. The epithelium contains two cell types, principal and intercalated, which have similar surface concentrations for apical and basal cell membranes and which can be modeled as simple cuboidal cells. The epithelium also contains two distinct and markedly different systems of extracellular channels. One system, the lateral intercellular channels, is comparable to the spaces between simple cuboidal cells but is modified by laterally projecting microvilli and ridges that produce a 1.8-fold magnification of the lateral cell surfaces. Those surfaces are nearly identical in the two cell types and constitute 38% of all cell membranes facing extracellular channels. The other channel system, the basal infolded channels, is well developed only in the basal 40% of principal cells and constitutes 62% of all channel-associated membrane. Its unique feature is an exponential increase in surface area, which is reminiscent of all channel-associated membranes in proximal nephron segments and which can be modeled as the interdigitation of cellular leaflets entirely within the boundaries of single cells. PMID- 7289406 TI - Quantitative changes in the canine glomerular vasculature during development: physiologic implications. PMID- 7289408 TI - Three exchanges with a 2.5-liter volume for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7289407 TI - Intraglomerular microcirculation: measurements of single glomerular loop flow in rats. AB - With the use of a new fluorescent microscopic technique, we were able to measure the mean intracapillary velocities and pressures of single capillary loops of renal glomeruli of living rats. The technique involved photographing and recording the flow of fluorescent latex particles through the glomerular loops with a television monitor. In 25 rats the single glomerular loop flow velocity was 781 +/- (SD) 271 micrometers . sec-1. The mean diameter of the capillary loops measured 8.4 +/- 1.4 micrometers; their lengths were 72.3 +/- 37.5 micrometers. From the decrease in velocity of flow along the capillary loop, we were able to evaluate the filtration equivalent for the capillary surface. It was possible to measure intracapillary pressures of single glomerular loops continuously under microscopic control. High intracapillary pressures correlated with high intracapillary velocities. From the data we obtained, we were unable to calculate a filtration equilibrium at the ends of the observed capillary loops. For further correlations, we injected the glomeruli we had studied in the living state and examined them with the scanning electron microscope. PMID- 7289409 TI - Prostatitis. PMID- 7289411 TI - [Pulmonary hypertension in shunt heart defects--indication for surgery and results]. PMID- 7289412 TI - [Glucose-galactose malabsorption: quantitative determination of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates by continuing perfusion of small intestine]. PMID- 7289410 TI - [Development of mortality of low birth weight newborn infants the years 1969 1980]. PMID- 7289413 TI - [Control of energy and nitrogen uptake during diet therapy of phenylketonuria]. PMID- 7289414 TI - [O.p. DDD (lysodren) in treatment of adrenal cortex hyperfunction in childhood]. PMID- 7289415 TI - [Effects of maximal accommodation effort during many years in subject aged below 40 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289416 TI - [Protection of the visual system against infrared radiation: III. Experimental investigation on the effect of infrared radiation of the visual system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289417 TI - [Investigations on the association between the exfoliation syndrome and autoimmunity: II. Results of histomorphological and ultrastructural examinations of eye tissues (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289418 TI - [Scleral rigidity in certain endocrinological diseases: III. Cushing's syndrome and disease and acromegaly (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289419 TI - [The condition of the visual system in patients treated with excessive doses of Kenalog (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289420 TI - [Eye injuries in children in the last 20 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289421 TI - [Phacoaspiration applied for surgical treatment of congenital cataracts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289422 TI - [Preliminary principles of phacoemulsifier design (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289423 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of microphthalmia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289424 TI - [Siderosis of the eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289425 TI - [Infantile Campylobacter enteritis (author's transl)]. AB - 9 children with campylobacter enteritis aging from 3 days to 4 years were seen over a 8-month period. In 2 cases prompt recovery was achieved by erythromycin therapy. In the remaining 7 cases, the course was most often very mild, and symptomatic therapy was sufficient. Epidemiologically, the incidence of campylobacter enteritis is comparable to that of salmonella enteritis. Obviously, birds and poultry, but also dogs, cats, sheep and other domestic and farm animals are important sources of infection. Spread among human beings has also been made probable. The most frequent clinical features are fever, abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea. Complications are most often associated with subspecies intestinalis whereas infections with subspecies jejuni almost exclusively cause enteritis. C. fetus is usually sensitive to erythromycin, tetracycline and aminoglycosides. The advantage of antibiotic therapy, however, has not yet been established. PMID- 7289427 TI - [Trypsin deficiency in diabetes mellitus of children and adolescents (author's transl)]. AB - In 111 children and juveniles aged 7--27 years suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus the immunoreactive plasma human pancreatic trypsin was measured by means of the method RIAGnost-Trypsin-test, Behring. Decreased plasma trypsin was measured at the onset of diabetes already. In patients with diabetes with a period of 8--13 years the trypsin values were found to be significantly lower (79.6 +/- 35.3 ng/ml) than in these suffering from diabetes 0--3 years (100,4 +/- 36.9 ng/ml). None of all these patients had clinical pancreatic disease. Abnormalities in exocrine pancreatic function occur in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, which is not confined to pancreatic islets only. Until today clinical consequences not can be drawn. PMID- 7289426 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the lung in childhood--review and case report (author's transl)]. AB - Carcinoid tumors of the lung are rare in childhood. Still they have to be taken in account as a possible reason for chronic pneumonitis, (with) cough or even hemoptysis. Misinterpretation of symptoms is the cause for the frequently long time lapse before the correct diagnosis is established. The crucial examinations are the history of symptoms, chest X-ray, tomography, and bronchoscopy, which lead to the correct diagnosis in about 75% of the cases. Treatment of choice is operative, with the aim to conserve as much functioning lung as possible. Radiotherapy has only palliative effects. The prognosis is rather good for the carcinoid tumor of the lung in general, 80% achieve a 5 years survival rate. The carcinoid tumor of the lung is now as for the newest definition defined as a separate group and should not be mixed up with "bronchial adenomas". Adenoid cystic carcinoma (cylindroma) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus are defined as carcinomas and believed to arise from respiratory glands. PMID- 7289428 TI - [Unusually long post-initial remission in case of steroid-diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a girl, aged 12, is reported, in whom for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis--concomitant with uveitis--a short steroid treatment was performed. After steroid treatment the diabetes became with the symptoms of a diabetic coma manifest. After the beginning of the insulin administration an unusually long remission period followed,--therefore the insulin was temporarily stopped. On the basis of the known relationship between the juvenile diabetes and autoimmune diseases it is advisable--before the beginning of steroid treatment of auto immune diseases--to perform intensive sugar metabolism examinations (glucose tolerance test). PMID- 7289429 TI - [Transient hypothyroidism after amniofetography in preterm and newborn infants (author's transl)]. AB - Excessive iodine application before delivery produces a transient hypothyroidism in preterm and newborn babies. We report about 6 preterm and newborn babies, who developed a transient hypothyroidism after amniofetography with a combined water and fat soluble radiopaque dye. Two preterm babies died with severe cardio respiratory insufficiency and in five babies' pulmonary function was inadequate at birth. Since we presume a relation between pulmonary function disorder and hypothyroidism in preterm babies especially, and with regard to the hazards for normal brain development, amniofetography should be avoided in pregnancy. Treatment with l-thyroxine was started on the 1 to 12th day of life and discontinued after a period of three to six weeks. PMID- 7289430 TI - [Screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Austria (author's transl)]. AB - Screening for Hypothyroidism is part of the Austrian Newborn Screening for Inborn Errors and centralized (ca. 85.000 births/year). It began 1976 in 2 provinces and covers the whole country since 7.6.1978. Primary T4 and selective TSH on 3 mm discs is used. Control frequency is 0.14%, the frequency of permanent primary hypothyroidism is 1:4724. Hypothyroidism seems more frequent in Western- then in Eastern- Austria (1:4227 v. 1:5422). Hypothyroid babies are almost double as frequently born in September until November then in other quarters of the year. In 47 cases 28 male compare with 19 female. In 4 cases with low T4 and high TSH in the initial Tests T4 became normal within 13--27 days while TSH remained high. PMID- 7289432 TI - [Prostaglandin E-2 in cyanotic heart defects in newborn (author's transl)]. AB - 14 newborn babies with pulmonary atresia (4) or transposition (TGA) (8) received Prostaglandin E2 infusions to correct their hypoxia and acidosis. 12 out of 10 patients were infused before diagnostic catheterization and creation of an interatrial communication by balloon atrioseptostomy. Infusions were stopped after septostomy in patients with transposition and prolonged up to palliative surgery in pulmonary atresia patients. All patients whose treatment was started in the first four days of life had a highly significant rise of their paO2. The only non-responder was a patient with TGA after septostomy who was a non-mixer and seven days old. Typical side effects of PGE2 were seen in two-thirds of all cases. One patient with TGA needed ductus ligation after PGE2 withdrawal because of congestive heart failure due to prolonged ductus patency. We conclude that prostaglandins of the E-type can safely be used in all cases of TGA with hypoxia and acidosis who are awaiting catheterization. Even when an adequate interatrial communication does not yet exist PGE2 seems to bring good oxygenation by opening the ductus. Used up to a maximum of 32 hours infusion-time heart failure was not seen. PMID- 7289431 TI - [Study of the concentration of triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyreotropin in blood serum of euthyroid children (author's transl)]. AB - Concentrations of triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyreotropin were determined using the radioimmunoassay method in blood serum of 369 (male = 231, female = 138) euthyroid children. Beyond the newborn age no significant difference were found for the triiodothyronine and the thyreotropin concentration. Compilation of the values resulted in a physiological triiodothyronine concentration of 1.96 +/- 1.11 (1s) ng/ml -3.02 +/- 1.71 (1s) nmol/l- and in a thyreotropin concentration of 1.50 +/- 1.48 (1s) microunits/ml for infants, children and juveniles. In opposition to these results the thyroxine concentration showed a clear age specific dependence. The thyroxine concentration decreased continuously from the infant age- (120 +/- 27 (1s) ng/ml, 154.8 +/- 34.8 (1s) to the juvenile age (69.1 +/- 16.4 (1s) ng/ml, 89.1 +/- 21.2 (1s) nmol/l). PMID- 7289433 TI - [Gonadal dysgenesis with X-isochromosome of paternal origin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289434 TI - [Liver fructose-1-phosphate and fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase deficiency in hereditary fructose intolerance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289435 TI - [Septicaemia caused by Erwinia herbicola in an 8-year-old boy (author's transl)]. AB - A child suffering from osteomyelitis of the left ankle developed fulminant septicaemia with repetitive isolation of Erwinia herbicola in pure culture. Plants are considered to be the primary source of the infective agent and lacerations as well as stab wounds from thorns might be the port of entry. The boy's septicaemia could be governed by parenteral therapy with tobramycin, cephalothin, and carbenicillin. In the course of his illness, the child has produced antibodies against the homologous Erwinia strain. Typical criteria allowing the identification and differential diagnosis against other Enterobacteriaceae are the lack of the amino acid decarboxylase and dihydrolase activities, the absence of H2S and indole production, the synthesis of a gelatinase and of a yellow pigment. It appears that, although classically thought of as plant pathogens, members of the Erwinia genus can produce infection in man. Therefore they should receive the same attention in hospital hygiene as other opportunistic human pathogens. PMID- 7289436 TI - [Haemolysis as initial sign of Clostridium perfringens septicaemia in newborn (author's transl)]. AB - Cases of Clostridium perfringens, septicaemia are subject to a very gloomy prognosis in adults. This applies likewise to the rare cases reported in paediatric literature. The present report describes the fatal case of a newborn with Clostridium perfringens septicaemia. The principal sign was a severe haemolysis which failed to respond to blood exchange transfusions and antibiotic treatment. The characteristic changes of colour of the skin usually observed in septicaemia of newborn had probably been masked for some time by the reddish discolouration caused by the haemolysis, so that diagnosis was established at a late stage only. PMID- 7289437 TI - [Combined Tb and Candida meningitis in an 8-year old boy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289438 TI - [Malignant diphtheria with early myocarditis and acute renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289439 TI - [Genetically determined variability in mental and emotional development (author's transl)]. AB - Human beings develop in biologically determined phases: During certain periods of life, sensitivity for learning specific tasks is increased. For successful completion of the learning process, however, adequate offers from the environment are necessary. Within the limits of this general rule, considerable genetically determined, interindividual differences are observed. The ability to develop faster or slower in certain phases of life, - strong and weak points, - specific chances and liabilities are distributed unevenly. The art of education consists in adjusting offers for learning to these individual differences. In addition to the cognitive field, requirements for emotional and social learning should not be neglected. Research on biologic maturation, on its interaction with offers from the environment, and on genetic variability will have to include in future increasingly neurobiologic concepts and methods. PMID- 7289440 TI - [Medical problems of growth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289441 TI - [Mechanisms of malignant growth (author's transl)]. AB - Analysis of invasive malignancy focuses on the particularly high growth rate of tumor cells, and on the aggressive mechanisms of histolysis favoring the infiltration of the malignant cells into the surrounding tissue. Specific significance is attributed to a certain enzyme directed against type IV collagen, and to the auto-locomotion of tumor cells, properties that may also explain the highly selective process of metastazation in at least three consecutive steps: Tumor cells invade a blood or lymph vessel, they are transported along blood or lymphatic pathways, and they eventually infiltrate foreign tissue after penetration and destruction of blood of lymph vessel walls. Among the factors involved in the process of metastazation, special interest is due to blood coagulation and to the coexistence of different tumor cell subpopulations within a primary. These features of malignant growth are based on the loss of functional differentiation as manifested e.g. in the loss of tissue-specific nuclear chromatin structures. Tumor development is triggered by the so-called primary factors which always affect the DNA, i.e. the cell genome. Chemical carcinogens, viruses, and shortwave or ionizing irradiation induce DNA defects which, however, will be reversed and mended by special repair mechanisms in most cases. Thus, the actual development and spread of malignancy is ultimately due to deficient reparation. Co-factors favorizing and promoting carcinogenesis may shorten the latency period, among other several specific chemicals and hormones. Based on current knowledge of tumor dormancy a new concept is proposed for the chronological and morphological sequence of carcinogenesis: Following the development of a primary tumor certain as yet undefined growth factors and especially immunological factors may be responsible for the development of a progressive tumor disease. PMID- 7289442 TI - [Hereditary and environmental factors in the causation of neoplasia based on studies in Xiphophorus (author's transl)]. AB - The genetic information for neoplastic transformation is inherited as a normal part of the genome in all individuals of Xiphophorus. Neoplasia, however, was found only in hybrids between members of different populations and local races. It can be classified in (a) a large group that is triggered by mutagens, (b) a large group that is triggered by mutagens, (b) a large group triggered by promoters, (c) a small group that develops, "spontaneously", and (d) a small group that is inherited according to Mendelian Laws. The process leading to susceptibility for neoplasia is represented by the disintegration of coadapted gene systems that normally protect the fish from neoplasia. Hybridization is the most effective process that leads to disintegration of the protection gene systems. Environmental mutagens and promoters (i.e. carcinogens) may complete disintegration and thus may trigger neoplasia. The phenomenon of introducing susceptibility to neoplasia by means of hybridization has been observed in a large variety of plants and animals (Table 2). While we have no data on the relation between hybridization and cancer in human beings comparable to those in plants and animals, we put the question whether the many facts on tumor incidence in humans, that do not agree with the concept of the primacy of environmental factors in carcinogenesis may be explained by interpopulational and interracial hybridization in preceding generations. Based on our studies on Xiphophorus we suppose that environmental factors represent only the peak of an iceberg in the multistep process of the causation of neoplasia. The most important steps leading to neoplasia, i.e. those that bring out susceptibility, are supposed to be hidden in our ancestry. PMID- 7289443 TI - [Chromosome abnormalities, tumours and developmental disorders (author's transl)]. AB - Clonal chromosome disorders occurring or acquired at any postnatal age are often closely related with the origin of tumours. In man the Ph1-chromosome (9; 22) anomaly in CML or the 8; 14 translocation in the African malignant Burkitt Non Hodgkin lymphoma are, among other cases, prominent examples. On the other hand, constitutive, inherited or novel chromosome anomalies conveyed from the zygote to all tissues of the organism may cause a higher risk for the origin of tumours. Rarely, inheritable minor structural chromosome mutations are known to determine the occurrence of dysontogenetic tumours, as e.g., nephroblastoma, but it is assumed that more such cases will become elucidated in the future. As a special phenomenon, true hydatiform mole is a tumour of the placental tissue due to a disorder of intragenome regulation. Constitutive or numerical structural chromosome anomalies of man are a frequent cause of early or late abortion or of abnormal development and malformation. Despite the predominating principle of selective fetal elimination, a few anomalies such as Down's syndrome, may escape to longer survival due to the relatively mild effects of chromosome 21 triplication. Trisomies which represent in man the most frequent type of chromosome disorders, can be induced, and systematically studied in an experimental model of the mouse. This allows the elaboration of the developmental profiles of all trisomies (and monosomies) of the mouse. Also, the above mentioned principle of selective elimination of abnormal implants can be analysed experimentally. Although the developmental span of a trisomic zygote is limited, there is evidence that cells and tissues isolated from the chromosomally abnormal organism can survive much longer. Thus, haemopoietic stem cells, at least in Ts 12 and 19 of the mouse, can be rescued from trisomic fetuses by transferring them to lethally irradiated adult mice, whose blood forming organs may eventually become permanently repopulated by the trisomic cell lineage. This type of experiments is suited for closer analyses of potential functions vs. defects of chromosomally abnormal cellular systems, e.g., with regard to growth and development. PMID- 7289444 TI - [Normal growth and disorders of growth in children and adolescents (author's transl)]. AB - Normal growth and its variability are discussed on the basis of the new Zurich standard percentile charts. In the perinatal period boys grow faster than girls, presumably because of higher concentration of plasma testosterone. At the age of 6-7 years there is a modest midgrowth spurt, presumably caused by the increasing secretion of adrenal androgens (adrenarche). Just before puberty growth velocity reaches its lowest point. This is followed by the pubertal growth spurt with its peak at a mean age of 12 years in girls and 14 years in boys. This growth spurt is more marked in boys and is caused by the increasing secretion of gonadal steroids (gonadarche). Three or four years later growth ceases. Growth and bone maturation are closely related. In both the pubertal growth spurt and bone maturation girls are two years advanced compared to boys. From height and bone age a quite accurate estimation of the timing of puberty and of adult height can be made. Height and growth velocity are independent multifactorial variables. The majority of growth problems are caused by constitutional (familial) variants of height (familial short or tall stature) and of velocity of growth and maturation (familial acceleration or delay of growth and adolescence). The causes of growth disturbances of organic origin are chromosomal aberrations (e.g., Down syndrome), dysmorphology syndromes (e.g., Russell-Silver syndrome), endocrinopathies (e.g., hypopituitary dwarfism), chronic diseases (e.g., celiac disease), and bone dysplasias (e.g., achondroplasia). PMID- 7289445 TI - [Puberty]. AB - Puberty commences in girls 1.5-2 years earlier than in boys. Whereas the production of sexual hormone in the female increases gradually, testosterone secretion in the male rises steeply within two years. In connection with this boys are suffering more often from emotional disturbances than girls during puberty. During the last 150 years the onset of puberty has considerably advanced. In the middle of the last century, menarche occurred at age 17; today, however, at age 12.5. This secular acceleration is caused by improved nutrition, mainly with proteins. Presupposition for the earlier onset of puberty is an earlier arriving at the developmental stage (height, weight, bone maturation) which formerly was characteristic for prepubertal children of 10/11 years. Also the physiologic variants, i.e., the so-called early normal puberty and constitutional delay of growth and adolescence, base on prepubertal differences in growth velocity and growth hormone secretion. In contrast to this, the pathologic variants of sexual development, i.e., true sexual precocity and pubertas tarda s.s., are caused by various pathologic processes located in one of the three areas: hypothalamus, pituitary, or gonads. PMID- 7289447 TI - Therapeutic effects of intraarterial phentolamine in "Raynaud's syndrome". AB - Five patients suffering from "Raynaud's syndrome" were studied as regards the effects of increasing doses of intraarterially administered phentolamine on the blood flow to the digital arteries. Upon angiography they had shown multiple occlusions of their digital arteries. Venous occlusive plethysmography of the forearm, volume pulse amplitude of a finger tip of treated and untreated extremity, respectively, intraarterial pressure in the brachial artery and ECG lead II have been monitored continuously. The blockade of the alpha-adrenoceptors by phentolamine resulted in a favourable effect upon the accompanying functional component: The volume pulse amplitude of and the blood flow to the treated extremity increased considerably, without significant changes in the other hemodynamic parameters upon administration of doses up to 0.5 mg of phentolamine. A dose of 0.5 to 1.0 mg of phentolamine seems to be the optimum, higher doses yielding no better results. The effective blockade of the alpha-adrenoceptors could be demonstrated by the influence on the arterial blood pressure during a Valsalva maneuver, on the venous reflex response, and the diminished effectiveness of noradrenaline in the treated extremity. PMID- 7289446 TI - [Head circumference and brain development. Growth retardation during intrauterine malnutrition and catch-up growth mechanisms (author's transl)]. AB - Today the close correlation between head circumference growth and brain development in the last weeks of gestation and in the first two years of life is no longer disputed. A recently developed formula even allows for calculations of brain weight based upon head circumference data. Between the ages of 32 postmenstrual weeks and six months after expected date of delivery there is a period of very rapid brain growth in which the weight of the brain quadruples. During this growth spurt there exists an increased vulnerability by unfavorable environmental conditions, such as malnutrition and psychosocial deprivation. The erroneous belief still being prevalent that the brain of the fetus and young infant is spared by malnutrition, can be looked upon as disproved by new research results. Severe malnutrition during the brain growth spurt is thought to be a very important non-genetic factor influencing the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and therewith intellectual performance. In the past a permanent growth retardation of head circumference and a reduced intellectual capacity usually was observed in small-for-gestational age infants (SGA). Nowadays, however, there can be found also proofs of successful catch-up growth of head circumference and normal intellectual development after early and high energy postnatal feeding of SGA infants. The development of SGA infants of even very low birth weight can be supported in such a way that it takes a normal course by providing good environmental conditions, such as appropriate nutrition especially during the early growth period - and a stimulating environment with abundant attention by the mother. PMID- 7289448 TI - [Hepatitis A antibody: placental transmission and disappearance in the first year of life (author's transl)]. AB - Sera of 114 mothers and their newborn (cord blood) were tested for the presence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus (Anti-HAV) by a competitive solid phase radioimmunoassay. Antibodies were detectable in 80 pairs of sera but not in another 31 pairs. 3 newborns proved to be anti-HAV positive, while their mothers had not detectable antibodies. 72 infants could be followed up for about one year. The disappearance of antibodies occurred between the first and 14th month of life. 50% of the tested infants were still(Anti-HAV positive at the age of 7-8 months. PMID- 7289449 TI - Prevalence and incidence of renal stone disease in a German population sample. AB - 261 male and 242 female patients (age 15-65 years) were questioned about renal colics with passage of renal stones. The patients were questioned while undergoing a medical examination. The prevalence of renal stones varied between 1.1% (males 15-29 years) and 20.6% (males 50-65 years) with an average of 6.9%. The incidence of passage of a calculus was 0.62% percent of the population per year. These figures in a German population sample are in agreement with more recent data from other industrialized countries and point to the magnitude of renal stone disease as a public health problem. PMID- 7289450 TI - [Rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure due to bezafibrate]. PMID- 7289451 TI - [Evaluation of urate homeostasis in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7289452 TI - [Clinical importance of increased levels of the growth hormone in kidney diseases]. PMID- 7289453 TI - [Case of Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 7289454 TI - [Pheochromocytoma with antevertebral localization]. PMID- 7289455 TI - [Bronchospasm in ovarian polycystosis]. PMID- 7289456 TI - [Tolosa-Hunt syndrome]. PMID- 7289457 TI - [Masked depression (differential diagnosis and treatment)]. PMID- 7289458 TI - [Current status and problems of anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 7289459 TI - [Endocrine cells in the human large intestine]. PMID- 7289460 TI - [Use of imidazoline derivatives in patients with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7289461 TI - [Importance of thermography in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7289462 TI - [Myocardial utilization of substrates of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in mitral stenosis]. PMID- 7289463 TI - [Neurohumoral indices in patients with angina pectoris]. PMID- 7289464 TI - [Metabolism of corticosteroid hormones and binding capacity of transcortin in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7289465 TI - [Prognosis in ischemic heart disease based on prospective studies]. PMID- 7289466 TI - [Gastrin content of the blood and gastric secretion under conditions of hot climate]. PMID- 7289467 TI - [Hexokinase in gastric mucosa in patients with atrophic gastritis]. PMID- 7289468 TI - [Villous tumors of the stomach]. PMID- 7289469 TI - [Local regulatory mechanisms of hydrochloric acid evacuation from the stomach of patients with duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7289471 TI - [Principles of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7289470 TI - [One-dimensional ultrasonic echography in the diagnosis of pancreatic cysts]. PMID- 7289472 TI - [Relationship of structural and functional changes during asymptomatic periods of disease]. PMID- 7289473 TI - [Status of the cardiac muscle in patients with a history of burn injury during reconstructive and rehabilitation therapy]. PMID- 7289474 TI - [Persistent form of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7289475 TI - [Case of esophageal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7289476 TI - [Clinical use of the anti-influenza preparation rimantadine]. PMID- 7289477 TI - [Current theories on peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7289478 TI - [Methodical study aid for self-training of students in hospital internal medicine]. PMID- 7289479 TI - [Vascular disorders in progressive muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 7289480 TI - [Tissue fibrinolysis in the mechanism of gastroduodenal hemorrhage in patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7289481 TI - [Ambulatory care of patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7289482 TI - [Bezoars and calculi of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7289483 TI - [Chromocolonofibroscopy in the diagnosis of various colonic diseases]. PMID- 7289484 TI - [Gastric erosions in malignant tumors of the large intestine]. PMID- 7289485 TI - [Metronidazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7289486 TI - [Gastropharm in the treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7289487 TI - [Biochemical evaluation of reparative processes in duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7289488 TI - [Regeneration of gastric mucosa and its clinical significance]. PMID- 7289489 TI - [Role of blood viscosity in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7289490 TI - [Early diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 7289491 TI - [Echocardiography in infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 7289492 TI - [Role of nonspecific bacterial allergy in dysentery]. PMID- 7289493 TI - [Treatment of chronic hepatitis and primary biliary liver cirrhosis with D penicillamine]. PMID- 7289494 TI - [Disorders of microcirculation in severe forms of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7289495 TI - [Case of a cardiac lesion in psoriasis]. PMID- 7289497 TI - [Heart auscultation]. PMID- 7289496 TI - [Case of congenital mitral stenosis with aortic hypoplasia]. PMID- 7289498 TI - [Evaluation of cardiac contractile function in myocardial infarct by noninvasive methods]. PMID- 7289499 TI - [Electro- and phonocardiograms in postinfarct defect of the interventricular septum]. PMID- 7289500 TI - [Circulatory disorders in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7289501 TI - [Left ventricular contractile function in myocardial infarct based on echocardiographic data]. PMID- 7289502 TI - [Pulmonary blood flow and right ventricular contractile function in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7289504 TI - [Significance of creatine phosphokinase and its MB isoenzyme in the diagnosis of stenocardia and myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7289503 TI - [Course of recurrent myocardial infarct at various times during rehabilitation]. PMID- 7289505 TI - [Tele-electrocardiography in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7289506 TI - [Long-term observation of the families of probands with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7289507 TI - [Microcirculatory changes in ischemic heart disease and hypertension based on conjunctival biomicroscopic data]. PMID- 7289509 TI - [Effectiveness of various strophanthin doses in the emergency therapy of paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and flutter]. PMID- 7289508 TI - [Clinical hemodynamic characteristics of hypertensive cerebral crises]. PMID- 7289510 TI - [Late outcomes of mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 7289511 TI - [Circulatory dynamics in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 7289512 TI - [Gastroduodenal ulcers in atherosclerotic lesion of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 7289513 TI - [Circulatory disorders in cardiac myxomas]. PMID- 7289514 TI - [Problems of deontology in occupational pathology]. PMID- 7289515 TI - [Clinical evaluation of patients in lectures and practical studies]. PMID- 7289516 TI - [Thyrotoxicosis in thyroid cancer]. PMID- 7289517 TI - [Possibilities of improving of medical rounds]. PMID- 7289518 TI - [Drug-induced pancreatitis]. PMID- 7289519 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation in infectious diseases]. PMID- 7289520 TI - [Immunologic reactivity and microcirculation in insulin-resistant forms of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7289523 TI - [Etiology and clinical aspects of acute glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7289521 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in severe forms of botulism]. PMID- 7289522 TI - [Treatment of pulmonary tuberculoma]. PMID- 7289524 TI - [Respiratory hypoxia complicating acute cardiac insufficiency in acquired heart defects]. PMID- 7289525 TI - [Pulmonary hypertension in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 7289526 TI - [On the nature of the pickwickian syndrome]. PMID- 7289527 TI - [Hemostasis in systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 7289528 TI - [Current status of the leukemia problem]. PMID- 7289529 TI - [Decaris (levamisole) in the treatment of acute pneumonia in alcoholics]. PMID- 7289530 TI - [Computer-tomography image of the abdomen in the normal state]. PMID- 7289531 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the secretory and motor functions of the stomach in peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency]. PMID- 7289532 TI - [Rate of regeneration of the gastroduodenal mucosa epithelium in chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7289533 TI - [VATER abnormalities in a patient in a cardiosurgical department]. PMID- 7289534 TI - [Recurrent nodular non-suppurative spontaneous panniculitis (Weber-Christian disease)]. PMID- 7289535 TI - [Gastric polyposis associated with tubular bone osteodystrophy and lipomatosis]. PMID- 7289536 TI - [Diagnosis of primary lung cancer]. PMID- 7289537 TI - [Bifidobacterium flora status of cosmonauts before and after completing space flights]. AB - The state of bifidoflora was examined in eight cosmonauts before and after space flights of varying duration. Prelaunch quantity of bifidobacteria decreased drastically. In space flights of 30 days and longer the level of acid formation by bifidobacteria was reduced. The species composition of bifidoflora remained stable. The most typical intestinal species of bifidobacteria were B. Longum and B. adolescentis. PMID- 7289538 TI - [Results of a hemodynamic and cardiac cycle phase structure study in a functional test with measured physical load on a 140-day flight in the Saliut-6 station]. AB - During the 140-day flight of the orbital station Salyut-6 two primary crewmembers performed 5 exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer at a load of 750 kgm/min for 5 min. During tests heart rate, and before and after tests arterial pressure, left ventricular chronograms and cardiac output (rheographically) were recorded. In comparison to the preflight tests, the flight tests were characterized by less expressed changes in phasic parameters, moderate increase in cardiac output and, occasionally, insufficient decrease in peripheral resistance. These changes can be attributed to the weightlessness-associated deficiency of the circulating blood volume. PMID- 7289539 TI - [Characteristics of human sleep, diurnal periodicity of physiological functions and work capacity indices on the 1st day after a changeover from the usual to split alternation of sleep and wakefulness]. AB - The effects of sectionated and shifted workrest cycles on diurnal variations of physiological functions, mental performance and sleep parameters have been studied. It has been demonstrated that the first day on sectionated work-rest cycles brings about the least changes. It has been concluded that the sectionated work-rest cycles can be recommended for transitional-based schedules of scientists working in an unusual environment. PMID- 7289541 TI - [Morphofunctional assessment of the respiratory tract of rabbits in the subacute form of oxygen poisoning]. AB - Rabbits were exposed to hyperoxic experiments (2.5--3.0 kg/cm2 O2 for 3--4 h and 2.0 kg/cm2 O2 for 16--22 h until death) to study changes in their respiratory and cardiovascular systems. After exposure one lung was used for histological examinations under light microscope and the other to determine the surfactant stability index. It was found that serious changes in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in all animals (including those who died during exposure) were not followed by histological changes of the lungs. Therefore, the pathogenetic mechanisms of subacute (pulmonary) oxygen intoxication are associated with disorders in the central regulation of autonomic functions rather than with direct lesions of the pulmonary tissue. PMID- 7289540 TI - [Emotional reactions and cardiac rhythm slow waves]. AB - Simulation studies of various emotional reactions of operators have shown that sthenic emotional reactions induce inhibition of slow waves of cardiac rhythm (f=0.05 divided by 0.17 Hz,) whereas asthenic emotional reactions lead to excitation of slow waves in the above frequency range. PMID- 7289543 TI - [Mucosal ultrastructure of the rat small intestine after flight on the Kosmos-936 biosatellite]. AB - The mucous membrane of the small intestine midportion of rats from the flight (weightless and centrifuged), synchronous and vivarium groups was examined electron microscopically. Ultrastructural changes were seen in all experimental groups, although their level and rate of recovery were different. Artificial gravity on Cosmos-936 did not influence those changes significantly. The data obtained suggest that the above changes are morphological manifestations of the reaction of rat small intestine to the combined effects of space flight factors. PMID- 7289542 TI - [Structural changes in the soleus muscle of rats on the Kosmos-series biosatellites and in hypokinesia]. AB - Structural changes in the soleus muscle of rats used in flight and synchronous experiments of the Cosmos program and hypokinetic studies have been investigated. It is hypothesized that focal edema and dystrophic changes observed in flight, synchronous and hypokinetic rats can be caused by circulation disorders of different etiology. In flight and synchronous rats they develop two days postflight due to the deconditioning of the muscle tissue and intraorgan vascular system which fail to meet the requirements after transition from 0 g to 1 g. In hypokinetic rats circulation disorders occur on the first experimental day due to mechanical causes (paws are pressed against the cage floor impeding venous outflow) and muscle pump deficiency. In all cases circulation disorders seem to be associated with peculiar features of angioarchitectonics of the soleus muscle. PMID- 7289544 TI - [Catecholamines and their metabolic enzymes in the rat myocardium after prolonged space flight]. AB - The concentration of catecholamines and activity of enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation, i. e. dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyl transferase, were measured in the myocardium of rats flown for 19.5 days aboard Cosmos-782 and used in the synchronous and vivarium experiments. The animals were decapitated either immediately or 26 days after completion of the experiments. The catecholamine concentration and heart mass of flight animals increased significantly whereas enzyme activity remained unchanged. It can be concluded that in space flight the concentration of catecholamines in the heart increases, exerting no effect on their synthesis or degradation. PMID- 7289545 TI - [Dehydrogenase activity of the pentosephosphate pathway of carbohydrate oxidation and its interrelation with lipid metabolism in hypokinesia]. AB - The experiments were carried out on 84 white rats. At the beginning of hypokinesia activity of glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases in the adipose tissue was decreased and in the liver, skeletal muscles and heart increased. On the 30th hypokinetic day the enzyme activity was nearly normal. The dehydrogenase activity increased by the 60th hypokinetic day in the adipose tissue and by the 90th day in the liver and heart, whereas in skeletal muscles it decreased at that experimental stage. After completion of hypokinesia the enzyme activity increased. Possible relationship between these changes in the enzyme activity and disorders of lipid metabolism during hypokinesia is discussed. PMID- 7289546 TI - [Toxicologic and hygienic studies of water regenerated from oxidant-containing released moisture]. AB - Toxic-hygienic examinations of water reclaimed from peroxide-containing technical fluids have shown that the water needs further purification using sorbents that contain a reducing agent. In the absence of the latter the reclaimed water exerts adverse effects on certain hematological parameters. PMID- 7289547 TI - [Effect of stable regional vascular hypotension on malignant tumor growth]. AB - Weightlessness effects on the cardiovascular system of laboratory rats were simulated by prolonged arterial hypotension. In this situation antitumor stability of the animal body increased. The effect resulted from the compensatory reactions in vessels of blastomas and adjacent tissues. It is recommended to carry out such experiments in real space flights. PMID- 7289548 TI - [Dystrophic changes and disorders of bone marrow functional potentials in deafferentation]. AB - Rat experiments have shown that radicotomy of spinal cord roots at the L2--Z1 level causes functional disorders of bone marrow eliminating stimulation of hemopoiesis in response to acute blood losses. The deafferentiated bone marrow shows disturbed proliferation and differentiation of cellular elements and dystrophic changes in them. PMID- 7289549 TI - [Lower-body negative pressure tolerance of pilots with hypertensive-type neurocirculatory dystonia]. AB - Cardiovascular function and LBNP tolerance were studied in 68 pilots with hypertensive neurocirculatory dystonia and 26 healthy test subjects (controls). The studies demonstrated that most dystonic subjects had distinctly peculiar features of cardiovascular compensatory reactions during LBNP tests and that 86.8+/-4.1 % of them showed high tolerance to the exposure. Their cardiovascular function was compensated at the expense of a greater than in the controls increase in the arterial tone. There were, however, fairly many cases (13.2+/ 4.1%) who displayed failures of cardiovascular compensatory reserves and who lost the ability to maintain long a high arterial tone in response to the exposure. The use of provocative tests is the only method that can help identify compensatory capabilities of the cardiovascular system of pilots with hypertensive neurocirculatory dystonia and thus qualify them for their professional activities. PMID- 7289550 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the clinical manifestations of motion sickness]. AB - An original scheme of quantitative evaluation of clinical manifestations of motion sickness has been developed. According to the scheme, eight major symptoms of motion sickness: vertigo, nausea, vomiting, sweating, paleness, headache, sleepiness, flaccidity are scored in relation to their manifestations. The scheme has been used in vestibular tests of 57 test subjects. The vestibular test used is tolerance to cross-coupled acceleration. On the basis of the scores quantitative criteria of human tolerance to vestibular exposures have been suggested. It is emphasized that the scheme can be widely used allowing statistical treatment, comparative individual and group analysis of the data obtained. PMID- 7289551 TI - [Evaluation of methods for mineralizing regenerated drinking water by using conductometry]. PMID- 7289552 TI - [Method of spectral analysis for long-term recordings of physiological curves]. PMID- 7289553 TI - [Use of No-Shpa in combination with vitamins in motion sickness]. PMID- 7289554 TI - [Changes in the external respiratory indices of flight personnel as affected by helicopter flight]. PMID- 7289555 TI - [Myocardial bioelectrical activity changes in flight personnel as affected by the job load]. PMID- 7289556 TI - [Crew nutrition of the 3 base expeditions of the Saliut-6 orbital station]. AB - The paper describes the use of advanced space diets of three prime crews who made 96-, 140- and 175-day flights aboard Salyut-6. It is concluded that the diets facilitated maintenance of a good nutrient status, high work capacity and normal health condition. PMID- 7289557 TI - [Amino acid metabolism in long-term nutrition with dehydrated products and in the modelling of space-flight factors]. AB - Forty-two healthy volunteers, aged 19 to 49, participated in three bed rest studies of 69 to 180 days in duration. The test subjects were kept on the diet consisting of dehydrated foods: fresh, stored for up to 2 years, and exposed to proton irradiation at a dose of 24,000 rad. Metabolism of amino acids was investigated under these conditions. It was concluded that during prolonged storage and irradiation proteins of dehydrated foods retained their biological value. This allows their use in long-term space flights. PMID- 7289560 TI - [Human sympathetic-adrenal system during water immersion]. AB - The activity of the sympathoadrenal system (SAS) of 12 volunteers exposed to water immersion for 7 days was studied. Before and after water immersion six of the test subjects were exposed to acceleration of +3 Gz for 15 min. It was demonstrated that water immersion increased the hormonal activity and decreased the transmitter activity of the SAS. Exposure to acceleration stimulated the SAS, thus increasing immersion tolerance. PMID- 7289558 TI - [Effect of space flights of varying duration on energy metabolism in human erythrocytes]. PMID- 7289561 TI - [Energy-metabolism enzymes during combined exposure of the body to simulated weightlessness and gravitational overloads]. AB - Exposure to simulated weightlessness (7-day water immersion and 7-day head-down tilt) caused a decrease in the activity of malate (MDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and creatine phosphokinase dehydrogenase (ICDH), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) at the expense of its MM isoform whereas the activity of alanine (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and pattern of distribution of MDH isoforms remained unchanged. Exposure to acceleration of +3 Gz before and after simulated weightlessness revealed similar changes in the activity of MDH, ICDH, ALT, AST and MDH cytoplasmic fractions. However, the higher increase in the enzyme activity after simulated weightlessness may give evidence for a greater change in cell membrane permeability during acceleration effects that followed simulated weightlessness. PMID- 7289559 TI - [Prevention of staphylococcal infections in manned space flight]. AB - In space flight the role of carriers of pathogenic staphylococci as potential sources of infection increases. This fact together with the observation that many crewmembers prove to be such carriers make it necessary to expose them to prophylactic procedures. PMID- 7289562 TI - [Blood ejection and the phase structure of the cardiac cycle in pilots in flight]. AB - Changes in cardiac output and systolic time intervals of pilots inflight were examined by the Doppler ultrasound method. The changes were related to the degree of complexity of different flight stages. It is recommended that the above parameters be monitored during flight training in order to standardize professional loads. PMID- 7289563 TI - [Characteristics of human urinary excretion of vitamins C, B1 and B6 during 182 day head-down tilt hypokinesia]. AB - Renal excretion of ascorbic acid, thiamin and 4-pyridoxic acid was studied in 18 test subjects exposed for 182 days to head-down tilt. Two groups of subjects (6 subjects each) performed exercises of different work load and the third - control - group was exposed to hypokinesia as such. It was shown that exercises produced a beneficial effect on vitamin metabolism. It is recommended to develop preliminary adaptation to the work load planned as a countermeasure in real or simulated weightlessness. PMID- 7289564 TI - [Pressure in the jugular vein and right atrium and the cerebral hemodynamics of the healthy human being exposed to postural effects]. AB - Ten test subjects were catheterized and exposed to head-up and head-down tilts at 10, 30 and 75% for 5 min each to measure blood pressure in the upper bulb of the internal jugular vein and right atrium. Blood acid-base equilibrium, hemoglobin content and oxygen saturation were also determined. In the head-up position at 75 degrees the jugular pressure decreased, remaining positive (2.8 mm Hg) in most cases, whereas the atrial pressure fell down to reach the subatmospheric level. In the hea-down position the jugular pressure increased in proportion to the tilt angle, amounting to 32,2 mm Hg at 75 degrees; the atrial pressure changed in a different fashion: in 7 cases it increased and in 3 cases decreased. Throughout the test the oxygen arteriovenous difference in the brain and the acid-base equilibrium in the outflowing blood remained essentially unchanged. This reflects autoregulation of the cerebral blood flow and its adequacy to metabolic requirements. PMID- 7289565 TI - [Antihypoxic effectiveness of a "pulsed" regimen of human pressure chamber training]. AB - It has been shown that a 10-day altitude chamber training in an intermittent mode can increase the maximum altitude man tolerates from 8,400 to 9,500 m and maximum time of exposure to increasing hypoxia (from 5,000 m) from 37 to 49 min. The antihypoxic effect of the above training persists for 10 days after its completion, leading to a better oxygen supply to various tissues. PMID- 7289566 TI - [Age characteristics of the regional hemodynamic state of cosmonauts]. AB - Hemodynamics of the large hemispheres of the brain, vertebral-basilar system, lungs and legs of 60 cosmonauts, aged 30-37 and 38-47, was investigated rheographically. Measurements were made in the morning, under conditions of basal metabolism and in the daytime, before orthostatic tests. Comparison of the hemodynamic parameters recorded in the morning and at the daytime and in the two age groups showed significant differences revealing the effects of different factors, first of all psychoemotional tension, on the vasomotor regulation, and greater resistance of cerebral and pulmonary vascular systems of older cosmonauts to those effects. These investigations emphasize great importance of studies of regional hemodynamics, especially rheoencephalography, not only before provocative tests but also under conditions of basal metabolism. PMID- 7289567 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of urine preservatives]. AB - New antiseptics were examined for their antimicrobial activity with respect to the microorganisms that are most likely to occur in the urine subject to prolonged storage. Chlorine- and iodine-containing compounds were found to have the highest antimicrobial activity combined with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action. The antimicrobial effect of these compounds was mostly expressed in regard to the typical representatives of urobacteria that actively hydrolyze urea to yield ammonia during prolonged storage of urine. PMID- 7289568 TI - [Amino acid composition of the body of rats after a flight on the Kosmos-1129 biosatellite]. AB - The paper presents data concerning the amino acid pool of rats flown on board Cosmos-1129 and exposed to the ground-based synchronous experiment. Certain changes in the amino acid pool of flight and synchronous rats have been found. The changes seem to be associated with the selective rate of incorporation of free amino acids into the biosynthetic processes during acute adaptation and with alterations in the protein synthesis rate. PMID- 7289569 TI - [Metabolic processes in rat skeletal muscle after a flight on the Kosmos-936 biosatellite]. AB - The study of skeletal muscles of rats flown on Cosmos-936 demonstrated different metabolic reactions in muscle fibers of different function and type to weightlessness and Earth gravity. The data obtained gave evidence that artificial gravity may considerably prevent metabolic changes in muscles developing in response to specific effects of weightlessness. PMID- 7289570 TI - [Enzyme activity of carbohydrate metabolism in rat skeletal muscle after space flight]. AB - Space flight factors did not influence activity of glycogen phosphorylase and adenylate cyclase in skeletal muscles of rats. Activity of glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases increased noticeably in the most active muscles (gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles). Activation of enzymes involved in the pentosephosphate pathway of glucose conversion may be associated with compensatory processes induced by muscle changes due to diminished motor activity of animals in space flight. PMID- 7289571 TI - [Ultrastructure of the blood vessels and muscle fibers in the skeletal muscle of rats flown on the Kosmos-605 and Kosmos-782 biosatellites]. AB - Electron microscopy was used to study ultrastructures of the wall of blood vessels and muscle fibers of the red (soleus) and mixed (gastrocnemius) muscles of rats flown on Cosmos-605 for 22.5 days and on Cosmos-782 for 19,5 days and sacrificed 4-6 hours, 48 hours and 25-27 days postflight. It was demonstrated that the orbital flight did not induce significant changes in the ultrastructure of blood vessels of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles but caused atrophy of muscle fibers and reduction of the number of functioning capillaries. Readaptation of the soleus vascular system to 1 g led to degradation of permeability of capillary and venular walls and development of edema of the perivascular connective tissue. This may be one of the factors responsible for dystrophic changes in muscle fibers. PMID- 7289572 TI - [Blood fibrinogen during 7-day water immersion and short-term space flight]. PMID- 7289573 TI - [Method of evaluating the individual resistance of rats to hypoxic hypoxia]. PMID- 7289574 TI - [As a matter of discussion (myocardial infarct and geomagnetics)]. PMID- 7289575 TI - Variation in haematological parameters among inbred strains of rat. AB - Haematological determinations were carried out on 7 inbred strains of rats using a standardized procedure. Significant genetic variation was found for many of the parameters although none of the strains had values which could be termed pathological. Measurements also varied significantly from day to day. Factorial analysis of variance is shown to be a powerful method for the investigation of variation in haematological parameters. PMID- 7289576 TI - Salmonella livingstone salmonellosis in laboratory mice: successful containment and treatment of the disease. PMID- 7289577 TI - Kidney disease in the rabbit: a histological survey. AB - Histological lesions were observed in the kidneys of 77 (32.5%) of 237 rabbits which were either found dead or were killed because they were unwell, and in 19 (25%) of 75 apparently healthy adult rabbits. Lesions associated with an infectious process such as renal abscesses, staphylococcal nephritis, pyelonephritis and pyelitis were the principal finding in rabbits up to 5 months of age, while renal fibrosis, with or without dystrophic calcification, was the most common lesion observed in rabbits aged over 10 months. Spontaneous amyloidosis was seen in 2 rabbits. PMID- 7289579 TI - Concurrent lactation and reproductive performance in CFLP mice mated post partum. PMID- 7289578 TI - Genetic analysis of renal function in mice. 1. Glomerular filtration rate and its correlation with body and kidney weight. AB - Investigation of 18 inbred and 6 F1 hybrid mouse strains has shown that the glomerular filtration rate, bodyweight and kidney weight showed strain- and sex dependent differences. Covariance analysis showed stronger correlations (genetic and environmental) between glomerular filtration rate and bodyweight than between glomerular filtration rate and kidney weight. This was predominantly due to a high within-strain variation of kidney weight (56%) in male mice. Therefore an allometric regression was calculated between the 48 strain means of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and bodyweight (BW): GFR = 0.036 x BW0.74. Thus the term BW0.74, a suitable correction term for comparing the heat production of different species, is also suitable for the correction of glomerular filtration rate within one species. PMID- 7289580 TI - Pathogenic microbes isolated from rabbit urine. AB - Asymptomatic urinary tract infections were recovered from the urine of 40 of 100 rabbits, and identical bacteria were isolated when the rabbits were retested. Urine samples which yielded significant growths of bacteria also had pus cells. Some specimens yielded more than 2 different isolates, and staphylococci were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Oxalate and uric acid crystals were seen in 6% of the samples, particularly those with significant growths of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No ova, parasites or fungal elements were seen in 'wet-mount' preparations and no fungi were seen when urine samples were cultured. Female rabbits showed a higher number of bacterial isolates than males. Animals with significant isolates were treated with suitable antibiotics and repeat samples yielded no growth. PMID- 7289581 TI - Ketamine-acepromazine as an anaesthetic agent for chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger). AB - Intramuscular injections of ketamine-acepromazine provided satisfactory surgical levels of anaesthesia. Induction was smooth. There was a wide margin of safety with no significant side effects, and there were no deaths attributable to anaesthesia. Induction time was 4-6 min, duration of surgical anaesthesia was 40 60 min, with complete recovery in 2-5 h. 80 chinchillas were used for this study. PMID- 7289582 TI - Eye lesions in Sprague-Dawley rats: type and incidence in relation to age. PMID- 7289583 TI - Device for positioning small animals during anaesthesia. PMID- 7289584 TI - Ammonia concentration and protein synthesis in the rumen. PMID- 7289585 TI - Studies on the flow and composition of bile in growing pigs. PMID- 7289586 TI - The composition of milk of the friesian cattle imported into Nigeria. PMID- 7289587 TI - Short-term toxicity study of irradiated cocoa beans in rats. PMID- 7289588 TI - Metrizamide myelography in sixty-eight dogs. PMID- 7289589 TI - Hereditary myotonia in the chow chow. PMID- 7289590 TI - Cataract in the West Highland white terrier. PMID- 7289591 TI - Weight loss in cats which eat well. PMID- 7289592 TI - A large animal model of burn hypermetabolism. PMID- 7289593 TI - Quantitative intraoperative assessment of portacaval shunt: theoretical study. PMID- 7289594 TI - Altered pressure flow relationship in the diabetic foot. PMID- 7289595 TI - Platelet function during and after deep surface hypothermia. PMID- 7289597 TI - Antibody responses after splenectomy and splenic autoimplantation in rats. PMID- 7289596 TI - Residual metabolism of the hypothermic-arrested pig heart. PMID- 7289598 TI - Isolated rat adrenal perfusion: a new method to study adrenal function. PMID- 7289599 TI - Prediction of blood alcohol concentrations in human subjects. Updating the Widmark Equation. PMID- 7289600 TI - Blood groups and alcohol use. PMID- 7289601 TI - Ethnicity and other demographic characteristics as predictors of sudden drug related deaths. PMID- 7289602 TI - Weighting for populations at risk and standardizing for age in alcohol research. PMID- 7289603 TI - Public perceptions of drinking by juveniles in India. A case study. PMID- 7289604 TI - What the MAC scale tells us about men alcoholics. An interpretive review. PMID- 7289605 TI - Spontaneous remission in alcoholics. Empirical observations and theoretical implications. PMID- 7289606 TI - Results of a longitudinal evaluation of court-mandated DWI treatment programs in Phoenix, Arizona. PMID- 7289607 TI - Sex-role identification in women alcoholics and depressives. PMID- 7289608 TI - Blood alcohol concentrations of patrons leaving a college pub. PMID- 7289609 TI - Effects of alcohol, expectancies, sex and social letting on locus of control. PMID- 7289610 TI - The validity of a revised version of the Mortimer-Filkins Test with impaired drivers in Oshawa, Ontario. PMID- 7289611 TI - The prevalence and extent of drinking in Iowa, 1979. PMID- 7289612 TI - The military and alcohol. PMID- 7289613 TI - Management of the pancreatic remnant in pancreatoduodenectomy. AB - Of the various methods used for the management of the remaining pancreas in 70 patients who had pancreatoduodenectomy for cancer, pancreatojejunostomy (P/J) was associated with the lowest morbidity and closure of the remnant with the highest. End-to-end and end-to-side P/J were equally satisfactory, the use of stents, however, doubled the morbidity. P/J was particularly safe in the presence of a dilated pancreatic duct. Closure of the remnant caused a very high morbidity regardless if the pancreas was closed with sutures or staples. Despite their differences in morbidity, P/J and closure had the same mortality and approximately the same impact on pancreatic function, exocrine as well as endocrine. The study indicated that although closure of the remnant, as it is practiced today, gives results inferior to those obtained with P/J, with some modification it might offer a simple alternative to P/J in the future. PMID- 7289614 TI - Sacral chordoma: a case study and review. AB - Chordomas are a low grade, tenacious, but eventually lethal neoplasm for which little improvement in outcome has been reported. A current review of the literature and a case report are provided to support his position. The reported sacral chordoma did respond temporarily to chemotherapy. Its rare occurrence precludes controlled studies of chordoma; therefore, any response merits reporting. The authors observed that hyperthermic chemotherapy was feasible for treating some chordomas but has not yet been reported. It was evaluated for the patient in this report. PMID- 7289615 TI - Pathology of metastasizing tumors in nitrosomethyl urea-induced rat mammary carcinoma. AB - The metastatic capacity of rat mammary tumors induced with N-nitrosomethyl urea was tested in BUF/N inbred female rats by successive transplantation. After the first and second passage, tumor cells appeared diffusely distributed throughout the bone marrow and spleen, confirming results reported by others; no other metastases were observed. After six successive transplantations, large, well defined tumor nodules were observed in the liver, spleen, lung, and the peritoneal surface of the intestines in 40% of the injected animals. The morphology of the primary and metastatic tumors was compared by light microscopy. The tumors appeared to be adenocarcinomas with differing degrees of differentiation. No morphological differences could be observed between the primary and the metastatic tumors. PMID- 7289616 TI - Is gastric cancer generalized at the time of surgery? AB - Twenty-one patients undergoing gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the stomach died during the first two postoperative weeks and were subjected to autopsy. They all had "curative" resections for lesions confined to the stomach and the regional lymph nodes. Autopsy revealed distant metastasis in ten of 13 patients who had (TNM) stage III disease at the time of surgery. There was no residual disease in patients with stage I and II lesions (P less than 0.01). The study suggests that, in most cases, stage III gastric adenocarcinomas have already spread beyond the confines of gastrectomy at the time of operation. PMID- 7289617 TI - Malignant lentigo-melanoma--a comparative histological and electron microscopy study. AB - We examined, by light and electron microscopy, three cases of malignant lentigo, one of which was in the vertical growth phase. The purpose of our work was to compare the diverse patterns between superficial spreading melanoma and malignant lentigo. The observations suggest the following major findings: 1) the cells of malignant lentigo differ from normal melanocytes, and in the same specimen they differ from one another; 2) in malignant lentigo, melanosomes at stage II-IV are visible; and 3) in spreading melanoma, the melanosomes do not attain complete maturation. These morphological features explain the different behaviour of these two types of tumors. PMID- 7289618 TI - On the end results of surgical treatment of lung cancer patients depending on the type of anesthetic agent. AB - The end results of therapy of 346 patients with lung tumors, treated with surgery alone, are compared, depending on the type of general anesthetic agent used. Anesthesia was induced with ether in 220 patients, halothane in 103, and neuroleptanalgesia in 23 cases. All the anesthetic agents were administered in a mixture with nitrous oxide. The basic characteristics of patients, who were divided on the basis of anesthetic agent, were identical. The results show that type of anesthesia during surgical treatment for lung tumor has an effect on the end results of therapy, and the best prognosis is ensured when halothane is used. Further analysis established that the end results of surgery with halothane anesthesia are improved, when partial resection rather than radical pneumonectomy is performed, at stage 2 of malignant disease and when metastases into regional lymph nodes are absent. Such improvement may be explained by stimulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system as well as a relatively lower degree of immunosuppression and development of conditions more adverse for implantation of circulating tumor cells than in the case of ether or neuroleptanalgetic anesthesia. PMID- 7289619 TI - Local recurrence of gastric adenocarcinomas after gastrectomy. AB - A study of 257 gastric cancer patients treated with gastrectomy and followed to their death showed that (a) the incidence of local recurrence in the field of gastrectomy was 25%; (b) from the three types of gastrectomy used, extended total gastrectomy resulted in the lowest incidence of recurrence, followed by subtotal and total; (c) recurrences were more common in patients with TNM stages I, II, and III tumors where extended total gastrectomy was proven superior (p less than 0.05); (d) early stage tumors tended to recur in the gastric remnant and the esophagus; (e) narrow surgical margins and margins involved by disease predisposed to recurrence; (f) not every patient with histologically invaded margins developed recurrence; (g) the risk of recurrence did not decrease with time; (h) the longer the disease-free interval the better the prognosis; (i) the more advanced the original lesion the longer the disease-free interval; (j) of all patients with recurrence only 19% had resectable lesions on reexploration; (k) the longer the disease-free interval the higher the resectability rate; (l) the median interval from recurrence to death was 2 months; (m) the same interval of those undergoing resection was 18 months. Patients with early-stage tumors treated with gastrectomy should be followed closely for local recurrence and should recurrence develop they should be reexplored if there is no evidence of metastasis. PMID- 7289620 TI - Malignant thymoma in an eight-month-old boy. PMID- 7289621 TI - Effect of major small bowel resection on dimethylhydrazine-induced bowel carcinogenesis. AB - We have investigated the effect of distal small bowel resection on chemically induced tumors of the gastrointestinal tract in Wistar/Furth (W/Fu) rats. Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) (20 mg/kg sc once weekly x 16) was commenced 3 months after rats underwent resection of the distal 30 cm of small bowel (one-third resection) or after sham small bowel resection (controls). Fifty weeks after the start of DMH administration, tumors were found in 15 of 25 animals who underwent small bowel resection compared to 9 of 31 animals in the control group (P less than 0.05). After small bowel resection, 8 of 15 tumors occurred at the site of anastomosis but no anastomotic tumors were seen after sham resection. In addition, tumors were larger and more invasive after small bowel resection. These data indicate that major small bowel resection potentiates DMH induced-intestinal carcinogenesis. PMID- 7289622 TI - [Effect of temperature on the kinetics of propranolol, theophylline, phenytoin and digoxin in rats (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The effect of chronic hyperthermia (35 degree C for 1 month) on the kinetics of propranolol, theophylline, diphenylhydantoin and digoxin was studied in groups of male Wistar rats. 2. Each compound was administered by intravenous injection, dosage being 2 mg/kg for propranolol, 3 mg/kg for theophylline, 10 mg/kg for phenytoin, and 0.01 mg/Kg for digoxin. 3. Total body clearance was diminished, mainly by an increase in the elimination half-life, for propranolol, theophylline, and digoxin. That of phenytoin remained unchanged. 4. Distribution volume increased slightly with propranolol, theophylline, digoxin. PMID- 7289623 TI - [Comparative study of femoral vasodilatator effects of naftidrofuryl and nicergoline on dog (author's transl)]. AB - This study investigates in anaesthetized dogs kinetics and efficiency of peripheral vasodilator effects of naftidrofuryl and nicergoline after intraarterial and intramuscular administration and also their possible action on arterial blood pressure. The study of kinetics of vasodilator effects of naftidrofuryl and nicergoline by the intraarterial route at doses equal or according to the doses used in clinical practice on the one hand and the study of the dose-vasodilatation and dose-hypotension regressions for doses of 0.025-0.050 0.100 mg/kg on the other hand show that: 1. naftidrofuryl has a good dilator effect, stronger and a little shorter than that of nicergoline. 2. nicergoline produces a dose-related decrease in arterial pressure whereas naftidrofuryl does not alter it. The results obtained by the intramuscular administration show that: 3. naftidrofuryl, at 2-4-8 mg/kg, has a strong and lasting vasodilator effect, proportional to doses, without alteration of the arterial pressure. 4. nicergoline, at 0.25-1-4 mg/kg, is very hypotensive and its vasodilator effect observed by the intraarterial route is not confirmed. PMID- 7289625 TI - [Determination of local surface anesthetic activity]. PMID- 7289624 TI - [Effects of clonidine on diuresis and water intake in normal and Brattleboro rats. (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The effects of clonidine on water balance were compared in normal (N.) and diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro D.I.) conscious rats. Animals were housed in individual cages and feed food and water ad libitum. The dose of clonidine was 100 microgram . kg-1 by subcutaneous route during consecutive 9 days. A control period of 12 days without drug treatment (only saline as a sham injection) separated the different period treatments. Under these experimental conditions the values of diuresis, water and food intakes, blood pressure were measured every morning before clonidine-treatment. 2. In normal rats, clonidine induced a diuretic and dipsogenic action (fig. 1). In contrast, the drug elicited an antidipsogenic and antidiuretic response in D.I. rats (fig 2). 3. In another series of experiments, the short term responses to clonidine treatment were studied in the two groups of animals. During the two first hours of treatment, clonidine elicited a rapid and marked reduction in water intake in the two groups of animals (table I). In normal rats, the drug also elicited an increase in urine flow. In contrast, in D.I. (Brattleboro) rats, an antidiuretic effect was observed during the first 30 minutes after clonidine- injection but not during the following 30 minutes periods (fig 3). 4. Clonidine increased both the natriuretic and kaliuretic excretion in normal rats, but failed to modify these values in D.I. rats (fig 4). 5. Clonidine decreased blood pressure in the two groups of animals (table II) but failed to modify the values of food intake (table III). 6. These results suggest that clonidine-induced diuresis is related to inhibition of vasopressin (ADH) secretion. Since the early observation of water balance revealed a clonidine antidipsogenic-induced effect in the two groups of animals, it is suggested that vasopressin was not involved in the clonidine induced water intake and that the daily antidiuretic response in Brattleboro (D.I.) rats was only related to the antidipsogenic property of clonidine. PMID- 7289626 TI - [Measurement of survival time in mice after acute histotoxic hypoxia induced by potassium cyanide. A test for primary selection of anti-hypoxic substances]. PMID- 7289627 TI - [Determination of local infiltration anesthetic activity]. PMID- 7289628 TI - Development and quality control of a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for alinidine. AB - A new precise and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for alinidine (N-allyl clonidine) has been developed. Synthesis and analysis of the hapten (4-carboxy alinidine = STH 2329), as well as the production of the antibody in rabbits, are described in detail. At a final dilution of 1 : 1000, the resulting immune serum binds 50% of a tritiated alinidine standard (50 pg). The detection limit of the present RIA for alinidine is 50 pg/ml plasma. The intra-assay coefficient of variance (VC) is lower than 4% (N = 10) for any standard concentration; the inter assay VC does not exceed 8.7%. There is no cross reactivity of any alinidine metabolite or congener with the antibody. The low detection limit of the assay, 10(-3) of therapeutically relevant alinidine blood levels, brings about several analytical advantages, which are discussed in detail. Quality control tests were performed in comparison with two reference methods (HPLC). Concerning assay sensitivity, specificity, reliability, and expenditure in costs or sample volumes, the RIA turned out to be the optimal method for routine analysis of alinidine in biological fluids. An example for practical use of the assay is given, evaluating the pharmacokinetics of alinidine in beagle dogs. From the accumulated renally-excreted total radioactivities, the enteral absorption of the drug was calculated (91%); the bioavailability of orally administered alinidine was derived from the corresponding areas under the blood plasma concentration curves of the radioimmunologically-evaluated parent compound (72%). PMID- 7289629 TI - A safe homogenizing procedure for the study of tissue benzylamine oxidase and monoamine oxidase. PMID- 7289630 TI - Continuous electrical and mechanical activity recording in the gut of the conscious rat. AB - The chronically-prepared gut is a very useful model for the determination of the motor profile changes due to drugs in both fed and unfed animals. Rats fitted with strain gauge transducers and implanted electrodes showed a good relationship between motility indices of spiking activity and mechanical activity. In both fed and fasted rats records of contractions of the antrum gave a more accurate representation, as tonic changes in antral activity can be seen. On the other hand, the electrical spiking activity of the small intestine allows more accurate recording of pharmacological responses than recording of the mechanogram. These variations as well as the changes in the duration of quiescence may be of importance in the quantitative assessment of the gastrointestinal motor profile. PMID- 7289631 TI - Comparison of radioimmunoassay and thin layer chromatographic assay methods for estimation of plasma prednisolone concentrations. AB - Radioimmunoassay and thin layer chromatographic methods of assay for prednisolone in plasma have been compared. These methods are comparable in terms of ease, speed of execution, and cost. They yielded similar estimates of prednisolone concentration without important bias over the concentration range generally encountered in clinical practice and may be considered comparable for pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 7289632 TI - A method for quantitating platelet aggregation and analyzing drug-receptor interactions on platelets in whole blood in vitro. AB - A method for quantitating platelet aggregation in whole blood is described. The method is rapid and reproducible. By utilizing the Ultra-Flo 100 whole blood platelet count, platelet numbers before and after addition of an aggregating agent are counted electronically, without the need to separate platelets from other blood cell types. Although designed primarily for use with human blood, the Ultra-Flo can also be used successfully with blood from other species. The method has been used to study the antagonism of adrenaline-induced aggregation of platelets in human whole blood by the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drug phentolamine. The potential of the method for studying drug-receptor interactions on platelets in vitro as well as rapid assessment of platelet function ex vivo is discussed. PMID- 7289633 TI - Computerized recording of ventilation, cardiovascular parameters, and body temperature in anesthetized rats. AB - A computer-based system for deriving a total of 10 parameters from the femoral pressure curve, ventilatory flow, and temperature is described. The computer program features: (1) online reporting both in numerical and graphic form, (2) reduction of the data by averaging or finding maximal changes during present time intervals, (3) statistical analysis, consisting of Student's t-test and analysis of variance. This multiparameter registration system can be used as an efficient tool for the screening of either centrally- or peripherally-mediated effects of new drugs. Monitoring of ventilation in cardiovascular research decreases the number of erroneous results due to ventilatory disturbances. Furthermore, since some centrally acting cardiovascular drugs also affect ventilation, the combined recording of ventilation and blood pressure may yield new information of the central cardiorespiratory interactions. PMID- 7289634 TI - A family of models for the elimination of substrate in the liver. PMID- 7289635 TI - Biological significance of liver cell polyploidy: an hypothesis. PMID- 7289636 TI - On the evolution of anisogamy from isogamous monoecy and on the origin of sex. PMID- 7289637 TI - Two new schematic rules for rate laws of enzyme-catalysed reactions. PMID- 7289638 TI - Learning the evolutionarily stable strategy. PMID- 7289639 TI - A theory of natural selection incorporating interaction among individuals. I. The modeling process. PMID- 7289640 TI - A theory of natural selection incorporating interaction among individuals. II. Use of related groups. PMID- 7289641 TI - A theory of natural selection incorporating interaction among individuals. III. Use of random groups of inbred individuals. PMID- 7289642 TI - A theory of natural selection incorporating interaction among individuals. IV. Use of related groups of inbred individuals. PMID- 7289643 TI - Eukaryotic chromosome replication and the radial loop model. PMID- 7289644 TI - In vitro studies on the mechanism of leukemogenesis.-I. Establishment and characterization of cell lines derived from the thymic epithelial reticulum cell of the mouse. PMID- 7289645 TI - Management of patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia who fail first cycle of induction therapy. PMID- 7289646 TI - CFU-S differentiation after multiple doses of cytosine arabinoside-effect of inhibitors. PMID- 7289647 TI - Regulation of splenic CFU-S kinetics after cytosine-arabinoside treatment in mice.-I. In vivo studies. PMID- 7289649 TI - Methionine requirement of normal and leukaemic haemopoietic cells in short term cultures. PMID- 7289648 TI - Role of the thymus in CFU-S differentiation and proliferation. PMID- 7289650 TI - Chromosomal abnormalities in a case of hairy cell leukaemia. PMID- 7289651 TI - Composite flow-volume curves matched at total lung capacity in the study of density dependence of maximal expiratory flows. PMID- 7289652 TI - Immunocompetent cells and delayed hypersensitivity reaction in sarcoidosis. PMID- 7289653 TI - Bronchial hyperreactivity to inhaled histamine in patients with farmer's lung. PMID- 7289654 TI - Air-fluid levels within lung bullae associated with pneumonitis. PMID- 7289655 TI - Morphometry of pulmonary veins in man. PMID- 7289657 TI - Cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of mesenterial lymph vessels in guinea pig. PMID- 7289656 TI - Assessment of airway function during assisted ventilation. PMID- 7289658 TI - Canine thoracic duct cannulation revisited. PMID- 7289659 TI - The indirect lymphangio-fluoroscopy: a method for the visualization "in vivo" of the lymphatic system. Experimental research. PMID- 7289660 TI - Metastasis simulated by retrograde contrast filling of segmental lumbar lymphatic. PMID- 7289661 TI - The demonstration of the lymph pathways in the haemolymph nodes of cattle, and their relationship to the lymphatic system. PMID- 7289663 TI - New microsurgical technique of lymphatico-venous anastomosis for the treatment of lymphedema. PMID- 7289662 TI - Physiology and microsurgery of lymphatic vessels in man. PMID- 7289664 TI - Lymphovenous anastomosis in filarial lymphedema. AB - Correction of established filarial edema requires lymphaticovenous by-pass, to overcome the lymphatic obstruction and debulking to reduce the lymphatic load. Lymphnodovenous shunt at inguinal area has given 90% success in the authors hand, proving the by-pass. However, in an enormously swollen leg the dilated distal lymphatics may not be adequately drained and hence a distal lymphaticovenous anastomosis should theoretically offer further reduction; and thereby make debulking effective. In this article 3 cases are reported in whom lymphovenous anastomosis was done, in 2 at the knee level and in 1 at the ankle, their result and rationale are discussed. PMID- 7289665 TI - Maintenance of long-term thoracic duct fistulas for the achievement of immunosuppression in man. PMID- 7289666 TI - Microsurgical techniques for transplantation of organs containing lymphoid tissue. PMID- 7289667 TI - Microsurgical lymphvessel-transplantation for the treatment of lymphedema: experimental and first clinical experiences. PMID- 7289668 TI - Iotasul, a water-soluble (non-oily) contrast medium for direct and indirect lymphography: radiological and morphological investigations in dogs. AB - Radiological, light microscopic and electron microscopic findings after direct and indirect lymphography with Iotasul, a new non-ionic water-soluble (not oily) contrast medium, are reported. The results of the studies in 18 dogs clearly show that the roentgenological demonstration of the lymph system following intralymphatic administration of Iotasul in the dog is not inferior to that following the use of conventional oily con contrast medium passes quickly to the lymphatic system and the lymph nodes and is eliminated within 24 hours. The complications and tissue reactions known from oily contrast media are not observed following use of the new water-soluble contrast medium. Furthermore, studies of the fine structures show unequivocally that no morphologically detectable changes attributable to the contrast medium occur either in the region of the injection or in the lymph vessels, lymph nodes and organs such as kidney, liver, lung, spleen and myocardium. Preliminary studies indicate that the new contrast medium offers the possibility of indirect demonstration of lymph vessel regions and groups of lymph nodes (indirect lymphography) which have largely escaped detection by the previous routine lymphographic examination. PMID- 7289669 TI - Constituents of lymph from the non-secreting stomach of the dog. AB - Gastric lymph collected from the non-secreting stomach of anesthetized dogs contained glucose, Na+, K+ and creatine phosphokinase in concentrations that were similar to those in arterial and gastric venous plasma. Gastric lymph contained greater concentrations of pyruvate and lactate than in either arterial or gastric venous blood. Gastric lymph contained a high concentration of total protein similar to that in simultaneously collected hepatic lymph. Gastric lymph was collected before and after the pylorus was ligated and the stomach distended with air. These procedures were used in another study in which total protein in gastric lymph was reported to be much lower than found in the present study. The lymph to plasma ratio for protein was decreased from 0.85 +/- .04 to 0.69 +/- .04. Pyloric ligation alone caused no change in lymph protein concentration. PMID- 7289670 TI - The effect of cardiac lymphostasis on the microcirculation of the heart: effect of cardiac lymphoedema on the development of an arteriovenous shunt circulation. AB - The effect of cardiac lymphostasis on the microcirculation of the heart was studied in 18 dogs. By ligation of the main lymph trunks and regional lymph nodes of the heart, cardiac lymphoedema--lymphogenic cardiomyopathy--was induced in 9 dogs, while 9 served as control animals. For microcirculatory investigations: 1) gelatin Indian ink injection, 2 benzidine reaction, 3) PVC injection corrosion preparation was applied. Characteristic changes were demonstrated in the microcirculation and capillary circulation of the heart in cardiac lymphostasis. In some capillaries-mainly where the interstitial oedema exists--the capillary circulation decreased: inhomogeneously vessel-free spots were formed in the heart. Around the vessel-free capillaries, elongated capillaries were found including very dilated pre- and post-capillary vessel sections. Arteriovenous shunts can be revealed in the heart in consequence of lymphoedema. The pathogenesis of the microcirculatory circulation changes caused by cardiac lymphostasis was discussed. PMID- 7289671 TI - Secondary limb edemas following irradiation. PMID- 7289672 TI - Microspheres in cardiac lymph: control and ischemic states. AB - The cardiac lymph from conscious animals was monitored for the presence or absence of radiolabelled 15 micrometer microspheres during: 1) control periods after left atrial injection of microspheres and b) after circumflex coronary artery (CFX) occlusions (10--20 min total or less than 40 mins 50% of control flow) followed by full reperfusions. Microspheres (15 mu) numbering 7--150 were present in the lymph within 2 hrs after the occlusions; and in three experiments, the presence of a small number in the lymph on the following day implied continual release overnight. No microspheres were present in 8--48 hr lymph samples prior to occlusions. This study suggests that some microspheres escape from the intravascular space of the myocardium and are channeled into the cardiac lymphatics; this is apparent even after short-term ischemic events. PMID- 7289673 TI - Lymphedema as the first manifestation of Hodgkin's disease. AB - Two cases of Hodgkin's disease are described, initially manifested with unilateral lymphedema of the lower extremity. The appearance of pronounced lymphedema of a lower extremity, as the first clinical manifestation and presenting sign of Hodgkin's disease is extremely rare. The surgical treatment of this condition consisted in removal of the involved lymph nodes of the inguinofemoral area and at the same time in omental transposition of a lymphatic communication of the afflicted area with the peritoneal cavity. The procedure was successful in ameliorating the lymphedema. No episodes of postoperative cellulitis occurred and good functional capacity of the extremity was achieved. PMID- 7289674 TI - Studies on indirect lymphography of the rectum in man. PMID- 7289675 TI - Neurologic infections in children. PMID- 7289676 TI - Psychiatric health care and costs under comprehensive public health insurance: experience in a Canadian province. AB - Psychiatric service delivery was studied over a 6-year period in the Province of Saskatchewan, which has had comprehensive universal medical insurance since 1962. That experience is relevant to current issues of costs and quality of care, methods of financial reimbursement and organization of service delivery. A unique patient-centered data base permitted the examination of significant differences between the private and public service delivery sectors in volumes and types of patients treated as well as treatment costs. A dominant picture emerged of distinct types of patients that differ significantly in terms of severity and duration of illness, as well as in the amount of resources they consume. Their differing needs for intervention and prevention should be taken into account in mental health care planning. PMID- 7289677 TI - The determinants of average daily census in public mental hospitals: a simultaneous model. AB - Increasing effort and resources are being devoted to reducing the reliance on state institutions for the mentally ill. Little empirical support is available for many of the proposed policies. In this article we construct and estimate a model based on the assertion that rates of institutionalization in public mental hospitals are dependent upon the availability of alternative treatment facilities, the legal environment, the prevalence of mental illness and the cost of care. A two-equation model is estimated using pooled cross-sectional state data for 1974 and 1975. The results show a significant correlation between rates of public mental hospital average daily census and expenditures per patient day, certain aspects of commitment statutes and the presence of Community Mental Health Center and alcoholic halfway-house beds. PMID- 7289678 TI - Psychotropic drugs in the ambulatory care of elderly males. AB - Concern has been expressed regarding the extensive use of psychotropic drugs in ambulatory care. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between age and use of these drugs in terms of differences in personal characteristics, medical histories, use of medical services and symptoms. Male veterans (N = 992), randomly selected from ambulatory care, were divided into five age groups (44 years and younger, 45 through 54, 55 through 64, 65 through 74, 75 years and older) as well as according to whether or not they were currently taking psychoactive medication. Psychotropic medications were used most frequently by the two middle-aged groups (45-54 and 55-64) and least frequently by the older age group, with significantly less use by blacks in all age groups. Regardless of age, drug users had more diagnoses, more outpatient visits, and considered their health to be better than did nonusers. Other medications, such as antispasmodics and sleeping, pain and heart medications, were also associated with use of psychotropic drugs. Furthermore, users in all groups had more symptoms of anxiety, depression, interpersonal problems, obsessiveness-compulsiveness and concern with their bodies. These findings allow the physician to recognize the clinical profile of patients who are more likely to rely on psychotropic medications and to treat them accordingly. PMID- 7289679 TI - An analysis of news flow on the nation's nurse shortage. AB - Using data from national newspaper clipping services, this article analyzes characteristics of 1978 news coverage of the nation's nurse shortage. Based on a content analysis of nearly 3,000 newspaper articles, findings revealed that 14 per cent of the articles mentioned problems of nurse supply. Articles on nurse shortage were most frequent in the Pacific, Mid-Atlantic and South-Atlantic states and occurred least in the West-North Central and East-South Central states. Articles mentioning nurse shortage were more frequently placed on page 1, associated with clinical nursing in hospital settings and explained as the result of maldistribution of nurses, poor salaries, deficient working conditions and lack of job satisfaction. The reading public was confronted with three major consequences of current and continued shortages in nursing: 1) decline in the availability and diversity of health services; 2) erosion in the quality of care offered the public and jeopardized patient welfare; and 3) escalating health care costs. Solutions to the nurse shortage appear to be closely tied to further expansion of the issue among the public, the initiation of remedial governmental action and timely relocation of scarce resources within the health care industry. PMID- 7289680 TI - Symposium on clinical allergy. PMID- 7289681 TI - An interpretation of normal ranges based on a new concept "individual difference quotient" of clinical laboratory data. AB - This article presents a new interpretation of so-called clinical normal ranges which have recently been shown to have a wide range in comparison to the narrow individual physiological fluctuations, based on a newly introduced concept "individual difference quotient" of clinical laboratory data. This quotient is defined as the ratio of inter- or intra-individual dispersion within the framework of a random-effects one-way analysis of variance model and can be used as a useful criterion to compare the degrees of individual differences of clinical laboratory tests with different measurement units. Further, as a function of this quotient the probability that a test result for a specific person falls within the normal range of this person can be derived. The derived probability can be expected to play a significant role in assessing an individual's state of health. PMID- 7289682 TI - Estimation of subject-specific normal ranges based on some statistical models of an individual's physiological variations. AB - Three statistical models of the individual's physiological variations, proposed by Dr Eugene K. Harris, were applied to the long-term series of individual test results in our health control system. It was found from this study that, in most cases, the homeostatic model shows the best fit to the population level from comparing correlation coefficients between the observations and estimations made based on Harris's three models. It was also found that for most cases, the homeostatic model gives the most reliable estimates in individual's level from the comparison of the chi-square values between the observations and estimations made for the individual's successive test results. Further, for a group of members with hyperglycaemia, the proportion of individuals in whom the random walk model produced the most accurate predictions was increased to the proportion in the normal group. In the age group under 39 years of age, the autoregressive model showed a relatively high degree of predictive success, while the homeostatic model showed a relatively low degree in comparison with the results found in other age groups. From these investigations, it was found that the physiologically normal state shows strict homeostatic stability. PMID- 7289683 TI - Statistical variability of biomedical data: part 2. The influence of serial correlations on power estimates, and on comparative testing of samples. AB - The effect of serial-correlation structure of biomedical data on the statistical sampling variability of power estimates is investigated, extending a previous study of mean value estimates. The degrees of freedom content for power DFp in a k-point sample is shown to be dependent on the serial-correlation structure in a generally different way from the DFk, the corresponding measure for the mean. The sampling distribution of power is also investigated. The influence of serial correlation structure on the behaviour of traditional small-sample statistical tests is also of interest; in the case of the t-test the effects can be severe but can be compensated, leading to a new variable, ct, which for correlated data, behaves rather like t for uncorrelated data. The approach is applied to the case of long-term records of systolic blood-pressure data. PMID- 7289684 TI - Course, prognosis and management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7289685 TI - Latency of horizontal saccadic eye movements in thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7289686 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa, unilateral Coats's disease, and thalassemia minor--a case report. PMID- 7289687 TI - Effect of hemodialysis on selected physical ocular parameters. PMID- 7289688 TI - Hypocalcemic cataract. I. An animal model and cation distribution study. PMID- 7289689 TI - Lipid peroxidation in diabetic rat retina. PMID- 7289690 TI - The diagnosis of Behcet's disease. PMID- 7289691 TI - Metabolism of cataract and medical treatment. PMID- 7289692 TI - Vasomotor rhinitis: an update. AB - A comparison of pertinent features of three types of rhinitis, with emphasis on etiology, and immunologic factors, is made. Separation of nasal allergy from vasomotor rhinitis and from nasal polyposis is attempted. The ambiguity of terms used by various authors, which has caused confusion in the classification of rhinitis, is noted. It is the author's opinion that allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis and nasal polyposis are nasal diseases with their own identity in the majority of instances. However, this identity is not always clearly evident. Too often, allergic principles of treatment, particularly immunotherapy, are advised, and not found to be helpful. PMID- 7289693 TI - Heat exchange in the nose. AB - Studies of the effects of nasal respiration on the lower respiratory tract, and on metabolic processes generally, have largely been confined to those occurring during inspiration. Expiration through the nose has equally profound effects and has been studied in detail in some animals. Under certain circumstances both heat and water loss from the body can be altered by changes in the nasal mucosa. These changes appear to be under the control of the autonomic nervous system and are influenced by the need to balance heat loss with heat production. The clinical and ecogeographical significance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7289694 TI - Some effects of the respired environment on the nose. PMID- 7289695 TI - Surgical correction of choanal atresia in the neonate. AB - The purpose of this paper is to present a technique of endonasal puncture and stenting for bilateral choanal atresia in the neonate that is easily performed and may be definitive. The procedure described is original only in its details, its broad principles are well known. A method of placing the nasal stent is reported that is particularly applicable in the premature, even as small as five pounds. No antibiotics or steroids are given in the postoperative period. Three months is the recommended duration of stenting. Four patients were operated on using this technique, between July 1978 and August 1979; 3 were complete successes; 1 was a bilateral failure, but was re-operated on and was then a unilateral success. Shortest follow-up was 16 months. We feel endonasal puncture and stenting of bilateral choanal atresia in the neonate can be definitive, and is the first procedure of choice. PMID- 7289696 TI - Secondary surgical treatment of intranasal deformities of the unilateral cleft palate nose. AB - Intranasal as well as external nasal repair is desirable in the total repair of the unilateral cleft palate nose and in many instances can be achieved concurrently. Carefully performed septal reconstruction will correct the nasal obstruction due to the severe septal deviation to the cleft side and the usual caudal dislocation to the uninvolved side. Since a minimal amount of cartilage is removed, good support is maintained for the cartilaginous dorsum. Appropriate management of the turbinates, including extraction, infraction, submucous intramural electrocoagulation, or partial submucous resection will improve the functional result. Because of the better positioning of the septum, some of the alar and columellar abnormalities may be cosmetically improved, and repositioning of the ala or columella will enhance the esthetic appearance. PMID- 7289698 TI - Diagnostic advantages of the Torok monothermal differential caloric test. AB - In the Torok monothermal differential caloric test, each ear is irrigated with 10 ml and 100 ml of water at 20 degrees C in 5 and 20 sec., respectively. The intensity of the induced nystagmus is expressed in terms of frequency at culmination. The ratio between the weak and strong caloric responses may be normal of disproportionately large or small. When large, the ratio exceeds 3.5 and is called vestibular decruitment, a sign of labyrinthine disease. A ratio of 1.1 or less is called vestibular decruitment, a sign indicative of posterior fossa abnormality. Of 54 patients showing decruitment, a central lesion was confirmed in 51, an identification rate of 94%. The test is thus valuable in differentiating labyrinthine from retrolabyrinthine lesions. PMID- 7289697 TI - An holistic approach to Meniere's disease. Medical and surgical management. AB - A review of the medical and surgical management of 195 patients with Meniere's disease is presented. In order to avoid a piecemeal approach to the problem of Meniere's disease, the "whole" patient must be treated. Psychological counseling, medical management, and when indicated selective surgical management is advocated. The diagnosis of Meniere's must be confirmed through careful history, physical, neurological evaluation and selective testing. The majority of patients can be controlled medically; however, in this study 52 (26%) patients underwent surgical therapy. Twenty-eight patients underwent some type of saccus surgery for Meniere's disease with overall relief of 71%; however, better relief of vertigo was seen with labyrinthectomy and nerve section. The most common indication for surgery was disabling vertigo. However, fluctuating progressive sensorineural loss, may be an important reason to advise surgery. Surgical techniques for Meniere's disease continue to evolve. A graduated approach is preferred, starting with endolymphatic-mastoid shunt, proceeding to middle fossa vestibular nerve section when medical status and hearing and adequate. When hearing is socially inadequate, labyrinthectomy with or without vestibular nerve section is preferred. A good working relationship with a neurosurgeon is advised for otolaryngologists performing middle fossa surgery. PMID- 7289700 TI - The SHA test in vestibular diagnosis. PMID- 7289701 TI - Perilymph hypertension and the indirect measurement of cochlear pressure. PMID- 7289699 TI - Evaluation of the regional blood circulation of the hindbrain by dynamic computed tomography. AB - Permanent or transient reduction of blood flow to the hindbrain is often responsible for symptoms of disequilibrium, dizziness and occasionally sensorineural hearing loss. Recent advances in CT technology and the development of continuous rapid rotational CT brain scanning now permit a practical and relatively non-invasive method for evaluation of regional brain circulation. It is the purpose of this presentation to review displays of normal CT hindbrain circulation and compare them with displays from patients with hindbrain ischemia. Dynamic CT provides a useful clinical index of brain blood circulation and can be used to detect and differentiate insufficiency due to pathology of the brain, of the artery supplying it, or of the cardiovascular system. Finally, the quantitative hemodynamic benefit from surgery of the carotid or vertebral arteries can be properly evaluated by this technique. PMID- 7289702 TI - Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections of the face and neck--practical considerations. AB - Cervicofacial nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma which may be encountered by the Otolaryngologist. A review of the world's literature indicates that these infections are being diagnosed more frequently and that they far outnumber cervical infections by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The organisms are ubiquitous. The portal of entry may be through a small defect in the skin or mucosa. They rarely, if ever, cause serious systemic illness. Diagnosis is by culture of the organism, however, cultures are usually not available at the time the patient is treated. Treatment, then, must be based on the results of skin tests, examination of pus and tissue, a "typical clinical presentation," and elimination of other diseases. The differential diagnosis is extensive. This review reports 21 patients with proven or suspected NTM infections of the face and neck. Eight of these patients were treated by traditional methods utilizing completed excision and, in some cases, drug therapy. Eleven were treated by curettage alone, and two more by curettage and drugs. The results were excellent by all of these forms of treatment. These findings support the proposition that curettage is a simple, safe, and effective method of treatmenting cervicofacial NTM infections and should be utilized as the primary treatment in all suspected or proven cases of this disease. The method dose not exclude other forms of treatment being utilized if they should be required. PMID- 7289703 TI - Recovery nystagmus in Meniere's disease. AB - Spontaneous nystagmus occurs during a Meniere's attack although the literature indicates that the direction can be variable. Previous observations made during the acute and recovery stages of a Meniere's attack suggested that the direction of the spontaneous nystagmus was consistent with the primary-secondary sequence of nystagmus that occurs with relatively prolonged stimulation of the normal vestibulo-oculomotor system. To evaluate this nystagmus pattern further, spontaneous nystagmus was monitored in eight patients using DC electronystagmography during an acute Meniere's attack. All showed an initial contralateral nystagmus during the acute phase of the attack with reversal to an ipsilateral (or recovery) nystagmus, as the acute symptoms subsided. Such a pattern of nystagmus occurring over a few hours is a helpful diagnostic aid, and when surgery is being considered, it provides objective evidence of the ear with active disease. PMID- 7289704 TI - Retropharyngeal cellulitis. PMID- 7289705 TI - Cholesteatoma in children. AB - The surgical management of cholesteatoma in children remains a controversial subject. Many authors hold that the disease itself is more aggressive than that seen in adults. Furthermore, there appears to be a consensus that intact canal wall procedures, if used at all, should be reserved for adults only. The purpose of this paper is to study a group of children and adults who underwent the surgical removal of their cholesteatoma by intact canal wall tympanoplasty at the Otology Group between March 1, 1971 and March 1, 1977. A comparison of the results and complications in the two groups is presented in detail. PMID- 7289708 TI - "How I do it"--otology and neurotology. A specific issue and its solution. Meatoplasty. PMID- 7289707 TI - "How I do it"--head and neck. A targeted problem and its solution. The Beepophone. PMID- 7289706 TI - "How I do it"--head and neck. A targeted problem and its solution. Transseptal approach to the sphenoid sinus. PMID- 7289710 TI - [Difficulties in the evaluation of serum hemoglobin and blood hematocrit levels in the newborn infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289709 TI - [Possibilities and limitations in the detection and control of coronary risk factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289711 TI - [The urethral syndrome--diagnostic procedures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289712 TI - [The incidence and macro-morphological qualities of the appendix testis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289713 TI - [Plasma 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone concentration for the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289715 TI - [An improvement in the mode of irradiation of some tumors of the head and neck- computer planning of Co60 therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289714 TI - [Blood glucose determination by the Glucochek reflectometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289716 TI - [The correlation between the skin tests and serum IgE levels of asthmatic children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289717 TI - [The use of Plastipor in tympanoplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289718 TI - [An investigation of the antibacterial activity of cefoxitin against anaerobic and aerobic bacteria in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289719 TI - [The infections with the asporogenic anaerobic bacteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289721 TI - [Evaluation of the Billroth I method for the treatment of ulcer disease- experience gained by the operation of 2,344 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289723 TI - [Pseudocyst of the pancreas in a 13-year-old boy as a consequence of a blunt abdominal trauma: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289722 TI - [Primary malignant nephrosclerosis (PMN)--a case of an irreversible renal failure following septic abortion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289724 TI - [Ten-year experience in the prevention of clostridial gas gangrene infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289725 TI - [Possible role of the adrenal cortex androgenic hormones in the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in puberty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289726 TI - [The present situation of radiologic diagnosis in Croatia and suggestions for its improvement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289720 TI - [Continuous peritoneal dialysis performed in outpatient departments, a new method of treatment in the terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289727 TI - [Epidemiological and clinical observations of leptospiroses over a 33-year period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289729 TI - [Tumors of the eyelids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289730 TI - [Musculoskeletal syndrome in infective endocarditis and replacement of flail aortic valve in active disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289728 TI - [The diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease through histochemical investigation of rectal mucosa obtained by suction biopsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289731 TI - [The development of planocellular carcinoma in the dermoid cyst teratoma of the ovaries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289732 TI - [Evaluation of computerised tomography in diagnosis of orbital diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289733 TI - [Detection of immunity to rubella virus and its significance in perinatal care (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289734 TI - [Fundoplication as a method in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289735 TI - [Tumors of the orbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289736 TI - [Comparison of roentgenologic and pathologic findings of haematogenous lung metastases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289737 TI - [Refraction and optic disk cupping in newborn infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7289740 TI - [Bioclinical importance of blood ferritin determination]. PMID- 7289741 TI - [Indemnification of low degrees of disability in occupational accident legislation]. PMID- 7289739 TI - [Use of kinesitherapy in the management of mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 7289738 TI - [Pleural fistulization of a pancreatic pseudocyst]. PMID- 7289742 TI - [Actual estimate of the cost of severe burns. Results for the year 1979 - Lille]. PMID- 7289743 TI - [Relapse in pulmonary tuberculosis: current medico-social aspects based on 208 notifications]. PMID- 7289744 TI - [Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the area of Roubaix from 1974 to 1977]. PMID- 7289746 TI - [Functional tests and respiratory disorders related to noxal]. PMID- 7289745 TI - [Systemic vascularization in thoracic pathology]. PMID- 7289747 TI - [Thoracic surgery and respiration disorders during the last decade]. PMID- 7289748 TI - [Progress in the treatment of acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7289749 TI - [Epidemiologic studies, preventive action, medicosocial and economic aspects of respiratory diseases in the Northern Region]. PMID- 7289751 TI - [Antihypertensive effect of tienilic acid prescribed individually or in combination with atenolol]. PMID- 7289750 TI - [Trial of nicergoline in arteriopathies of the lower limbs (apropos of 33 cases)]. PMID- 7289752 TI - [Use of ornidazole in the management of anaerobic bacterial infections]. PMID- 7289753 TI - [Radiotherapy and hyperthyroidism. Radiation-induced hyperparathyroidism?]. PMID- 7289756 TI - [Diabetes with partial lipoatrophy, insulin resistance, hyperlipemia and visceral manifestations]. PMID- 7289757 TI - [Cerebral abscess leading to discovery of bronchial foreign body]. PMID- 7289754 TI - [The role of various mites in allergy to house dust in children (apropos of a survey of 300 children)]. PMID- 7289755 TI - [Cervicofacial actinomycosis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7289759 TI - [Human and animal hemoglobins. Medico-legal applications]. PMID- 7289758 TI - [Application of the scanographic test to the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral abscesses and bacterial encephalitis]. PMID- 7289760 TI - [Urinary free cortisol measured by protein radio-competition in normal subjects and in hypo- and hypercorticism]. PMID- 7289761 TI - [Pseudotumor cerebri caused by chronic vitamin A poisoning]. PMID- 7289762 TI - [Current fields of application of microsurgery. Round table]. PMID- 7289763 TI - [Do disorders of sexual orientation have a biological basis ?]. PMID- 7289764 TI - [Changes in an institution after the creation of an open department]. PMID- 7289765 TI - [Diagnostic procedures in primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7289766 TI - [Oncogenic risks in anticancer chemotherapy]. PMID- 7289767 TI - Effects of pertussis vaccine on the lipid metabolism of hamsters. PMID- 7289768 TI - In vitro effect of glucan on mouse hemopoietic committed progenitor cells. PMID- 7289769 TI - Detection of nicotinic cholinergic transmission in Malapterurus electricus electroplax. PMID- 7289770 TI - Effect of pituitary tumor MtT-F4 on carnitine levels in the serum, liver and heart of rats. PMID- 7289771 TI - Relationship between chronic treatment with morphine and sex-dependent low molecular weight protein excretion. PMID- 7289772 TI - The effect of cholinesterase inhibition on the ontogenesis of central muscarinic receptors. PMID- 7289774 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation of the vagus on plasma motilin concentration in dog. PMID- 7289773 TI - Release of sialic acid alters the stability of the membrane potential in cardiac muscle. PMID- 7289775 TI - Increase in tissue concentrations of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine following capsaicin treatment of newborn rats. PMID- 7289776 TI - Naloxone antagonism of diazepam-induced feeding in the Syrian hamster. PMID- 7289777 TI - Enhanced sensitivity to methadone in adult rats perinatally exposed to methadone. PMID- 7289778 TI - Protein production and release by dispersed rat submandibular gland cells in vitro after adrenergic stimulation. PMID- 7289779 TI - Placental blood flow in rats fed alcohol before and during gestation. PMID- 7289780 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in regenerating rat adrenal cortex. PMID- 7289781 TI - Effects of naloxone on anti-conflict and hyperphagic actions of diazepam. PMID- 7289782 TI - Brain noradrenergic neuronal activity affects 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DHPG) levels. PMID- 7289783 TI - Effects of zomepirac and indomethacin on renal blood flow and electrolyte excretion in anesthetized monkeys. PMID- 7289784 TI - Partial reversal of anticholinergic amnesia by choline chloride. PMID- 7289786 TI - Salutary actions of nimodipine in traumatic shock. PMID- 7289785 TI - Effects of membrane labilising agents and hyperthermia on the activation of lysosomal enzymes in cultured cells. PMID- 7289787 TI - Membrane-bound neuraminidase in the developing mouse brain. PMID- 7289788 TI - Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7289789 TI - Developmental effects of intraperitoneal saline injections in neonatal rats. PMID- 7289790 TI - Heparin enhances fibrinolysis in B16 mouse melanoma cells. PMID- 7289791 TI - Reduction of blood clearance rate of [Val5]angiotensin II by [Sar1, Ile8]angiotensin II in sheep. PMID- 7289792 TI - High-affinity binding of 3H-imipramine in brain and platelets and its relevance to the biochemistry of affective disorders. PMID- 7289793 TI - Inhibition of diazepam binding by tryptophan derivatives including melatonin and its brain metabolite N-acetyl-5-methoxy kynurenamine. PMID- 7289794 TI - Biliary transport maximum of tauroursodeoxycholate is twice as high as that of taurocholate in the rat. PMID- 7289795 TI - The influence of anesthetics on the estrogen-induced afternoon prolactin surge. Althesin does not block the surge. PMID- 7289796 TI - Response of the isolated rat iris sphincter to cholinergic and adrenergic agents and electrical stimulation. PMID- 7289797 TI - Enhanced water solubility of vitamins A, D, E, and K by substituted cycloamyloses. PMID- 7289799 TI - Biohydrogenation of cholesterol as an index of bacterial 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity. AB - Fecal steroid compositions of 82 human subjects of various ages and diets and gastrointestinal status were examined by gas liquid chromatography. Progressive increases in bacterial activities on both bile acids and neutral sterols were observed with the advance of age in infants and children. The patterns in the 4 year-olds approached those observed in adults. Bacterial activities on fecal steroids were found to be decreased in adult subjects with acute shigellosis and in those challenged by castor oil. In contrast, no significant changes in fecal steroid profiles were observed in the subjects with traveller's diarrhea associated with toxigenic Escherichia coli. The effects of diarrhea on fecal steroids of infants under 1 1/2 years were less consistent than those of adults. However, a close relationship was observed between the degree of 7 alpha dehydroxylation of cholic acid (expressed as the ratio of deoxycholic to the sum of deoxycholic and cholic acids) and the percentage of cholesterol in the feces (r = -0.921, p less than 0.001). The correlation between the production of lithocholic acid and the percentage cholesterol was also good (r = -0.739, p less than 0.001). Analysis of neutral steroids may be a good index of intraluminal bile acid metabolism. PMID- 7289798 TI - Incorporation into lipid classes of products from microsomal desaturation of isomeric trans-octadecenoic acids. AB - The microsomal desaturation of positional isomers of trans-octadecenoic acids is effected by the delta 9-desaturase and, with concomitant geometric isomerization, cis,trans- and cis,cis-octadecadienoic acids of unusual structure are formed. Incorporation of the substrates and their products into lipids varied from 50.5% for incubations with 14-18:1 to 81.0% for 6-81:1. A detailed study of the composition of each of the major lipid classes, i.e., phospholipids, triacylglycerol and cholesteryl esters, as well as the composition of the free fatty acid fraction, revealed a complex picture. Generally, the c,c-18:2 products were enriched in the phospholipids fraction, whereas the c,t-18:2 appeared preferentially in cholesteryl esters. The 18:1 substrates themselves did not show marked preferences for any of the lipid classes. Phospholipase A2 action on phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine demonstrated enrichment of the c,c- and the c,t-18:2 products in the 2-position, whereas the 18:1 substrates were preferentially inserted into the 1-positions. The c,c- and c,t-18:2 formed by desaturation of t11-18:1 varied from this pattern, probably due to their conjugated double bond structures. Linoleic acid, c9,c12-18:2, formed during desaturation of t12-18:1, surprisingly showed enrichment in the 1-position of phosphatidylcholine. Incubation experiments with t5- and t6-isomers using liver microsomes from rats fed a corn-oil-supplemented diet showed conversion and incorporation rates similar to the rates obtained with microsomes from EFA deficient rats. The fatty acid composition of lipid classes and the distribution of products and substrate between the 1- and 2-positions of phosphatidylcholine also agreed with results obtained using microsomes from EFA-deficient rats. PMID- 7289802 TI - [Computer-assisted shaping of the optimal dosage field in interstitial radiation therapy using parallel composite linear radiation sources]. PMID- 7289801 TI - Trans-fatty acid analysis. PMID- 7289800 TI - Ketone bodies, glucose and glutamine as lipogenic precursors in human diploid fibroblasts. AB - Incorporation of [14C] from acetoacetate, D(-)- and L(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, glutamine, acetate and palmitate in cellular lipids were studied in cultures in human diploid fibroblasts (HDF). The results showed that acetoacetate was 2-10 times more effective as a lipogenic precursor than was either D- or L-3 hydroxybutyrate. Its extent of incorporation into lipids was 2- to 8-fold more than the other precursors examined under conditions when the overall rates of nonsaponifiable and saponifiable lipogenesis as measured by 3H2O incorporation were essentially unchanged. Acetoacetate supported both saponifiable and nonsaponifiable lipid synthesis with half-saturation values (Km app.) of 185 microM and 30 microM, respectively. Glucose stimulated acetoacetate incorporation into lipids whereas, conversely, acetoacetate inhibited [14C]glucose incorporation into lipids. The presence of low density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol (40 microgram cholesterol/mL) inhibited the incorporation of [14C] from acetoacetate 56% into nonsaponifiable lipids; the inhibition was consistently higher (75%) when [14C]glucose or glutamine were the precursors. The loss of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase activity upon addition of LDL-cholesterol was greater than the suppression of [14C] incorporation from acetoacetate or glucose into nonsaponifiable lipids. In the presence of glucose, [14C]acetoacetate was incorporated into 3-beta OH sterols (digitonin precipitable) 7.7 +/- 1.1 times more effectively than was [14C]glucose. The results suggest that HDF would be a suitable model to investigate the effects of various precursors of HMG CoA on the rate of cholesterol biosynthesis. PMID- 7289803 TI - [Shaping of the dosage fields in various radiation therapy methods]. PMID- 7289804 TI - [Evaluation of the results of radiation and combined treatment in cancer of the paranasal sinus and nasal mucosa]. PMID- 7289805 TI - [Proliferation kinetics of different types of tumors undergoing fractionated irradiation]. PMID- 7289806 TI - [Radiosensitizing action of rubomycin and its DNA complex]. PMID- 7289807 TI - [Accumulation of carborane-series compounds in animal tissues during neutron capture therapy]. PMID- 7289808 TI - [Clonogenic cells in tumors and their reaction to irradiation and chemotherapeutic agents]. PMID- 7289809 TI - [Basic trends in the development of radiation therapy of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 7289810 TI - [Brain blood flow and central hemodynamics in the late period of chronic radiation sickness]. PMID- 7289811 TI - [Dosage assessment and prognosis of peripheral neutrophil count dynamics based on the hematological indices of human gamma irradiation]. PMID- 7289812 TI - [Use of an isotonic 203Pb solution without a carrier for an erythrocyte label]. PMID- 7289813 TI - [Optimizing the planning of gamma teletherapy]. PMID- 7289814 TI - [Potentials of hippuran-125I roentgenography on serial radiograms]. PMID- 7289815 TI - [Registration of in vitro radionuclide studies of the endocrine system reaction to venipuncture]. PMID- 7289817 TI - [Radiation abolition of the inhibitory effect of a tumor on the regeneration process]. PMID- 7289816 TI - [Hepato-enteral recirculation of tocopherol in the animal body]. PMID- 7289818 TI - [Morphology of rat rhabdomyosarcoma after separate and combined exposure to ionizing radiation and hyperthermia]. PMID- 7289819 TI - [Mathematical models in interpreting the results of a radioiodine test]. PMID- 7289821 TI - [Role of mathematical modelling in processing the results of radioisotopic diagnostic methods]. PMID- 7289822 TI - [Information value of thyroid tests]. PMID- 7289820 TI - [Experience in using trichopol in the combined radiation therapy of rectal cancer]. PMID- 7289823 TI - [Current status of the diagnosis of nontumor thyroid diseases]. PMID- 7289824 TI - [Apropos of the article by Likhtarev et al., "Mathematical Models in Interpreting the Results of a Radioiodine Test"]. PMID- 7289826 TI - Our malformed medical lingo: is there a cure? PMID- 7289825 TI - Helping families cope when a child has cancer. PMID- 7289827 TI - Office management of common running injuries. PMID- 7289828 TI - The office treatment of simple paronychias and ganglions. PMID- 7289829 TI - In-office care of postoperative incisions. PMID- 7289830 TI - Office management of colon and rectal diseases. PMID- 7289831 TI - Physical methods of dermatologic surgery. PMID- 7289832 TI - [Respiratory tract infection and its masking in children]. PMID- 7289833 TI - [Bronchopulmonary infection in adults. "Banal" infections, primary atypical pneumonia, bacterial pneumonias]. PMID- 7289834 TI - [Chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Principles, clinical aspects and therapy]. PMID- 7289835 TI - [Occupational and environmentally caused diseases of the respiratory tract and obligatory reporting]. PMID- 7289836 TI - [The blunt chest injury and its lung, pleura and chest wall complications]. PMID- 7289837 TI - [Diagnosis of pulmonary artery embolism and its surgical treatment]. PMID- 7289838 TI - [Bronchial asthma. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7289839 TI - [Progress in pneumologic diagnosis in clinical medicine and general practice with special reference to serologico-immunologic, endoscopic and radiologic methods]. PMID- 7289840 TI - [Lung function diagnosis in general practice]. PMID- 7289842 TI - [Classification of anemias]. PMID- 7289843 TI - [Rational diagnosis of anemias]. PMID- 7289841 TI - [Blood gas-transporting blood substitutes and extracoarporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7289844 TI - [Importance of serum ferritin for the diagnosis and monitoring of iron deficiency]. PMID- 7289845 TI - [The significance of anemias in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 7289846 TI - [Megaloblastic anemia]. PMID- 7289847 TI - [Anemias caused by aplasia of erythropoiesis and by neoplastic disease]. PMID- 7289848 TI - [Hemolytic anemias. Changes in erythrocyte membranes as a pathogenetic principle]. PMID- 7289849 TI - [Novalgin or the power of the press]. PMID- 7289850 TI - [Changes in blood biochemical parameters during physical exercise and recovery after prior diazepam administration]. AB - The study involved 51 healthy males aged 20 -- 24, divided into two groups. Group I (30 subjects) performed exercise on a cycle ergometer with the load increasing according to the following schedule: 1 W/kg for six minutes, 2 W/kg -- six minutes, and 3 W/kg -- six minutes. The remaining 21 subjects (group II) performed identical exercise one hour after they had been administered 10 mg of diazepam (Relanium-Polfa). The determinations made included arterial blood levels of FFA, triglyceride, and glucose before the exercise, after each successive phase of the exercise, and in the course of restitution (30 minutes and 4 hours after the exercise). One hour after diazepam administration, the FFA, triglyceride and glucose levels decreased. After the successive phases of the exercise, the FFA levels were significantly lower among group II subjects, and continued to be so also in the 30th minute after the exercise. The decrease in the triglyceride levels during the exercise was higher among the diazepam subjects, and they were slightly lower also in the course of restitution. In both groups the glucose levels gradually increased after each phase of the exercise, and the increase after the third phase was higher among the diazepam subjects. During restitution the glucose concentration was higher than before the exercise, and slightly higher in group II. PMID- 7289851 TI - Evaluation of exposure of workers to glass fibres in Poland. PMID- 7289852 TI - [Determination of solvent vapors in the air during use of Butapren OBT III glue]. AB - Gas chromatographic method was applied to determine the mixture of extraction benzine, benzene, toluene and ethyl acetate vapours. These are the components of several types of butapren glues. Optimum parameters of separation and estimation of those solvents were obtained with 10% Carbowax 20 M on 80 -- 100 mesh Chromosorb W column. Charcoal adsorption method with CS2 elution was used for air samples collection. In addition, a method was presented for extraction benzine calibration with solvents distilled from OBT-III Butapren glue. PMID- 7289853 TI - [Selection of a statistical model for the evaluation of the reliability of the results of toxicological analyses. II. Selection of our statistical model for the evaluation]. AB - Part II presents a statistical model devised by the authors for evaluating toxicological analyses results. The model includes: 1. Establishment of a reference value, basing on our own measurements taken by two independent analytical methods. 2. Selection of laboratories -- basing on the deviation of the obtained values from reference ones. 3. On consideration of variance analysis, t-student's test and differences test, subsequent quality controls and particular laboratories have been evaluated. PMID- 7289855 TI - [Blood serum viscosity in patients with advanced vascular forms of vibration disease]. AB - In 35 persons afflicted by advanced angioneurotic vibration syndrome, with no contact with mechanical vibrations for the past several years and recognized invalidity due to vibration disease, specific and reduced blood serum viscosity have been determined, as well as total protein concentration and albumin to globulin concentrations ratio. Control groups were composed of 32 healthy subjects, with no contact with vibration or any other environmental hazards, as well as of 57 professionally active subjects, afflicted by angioneurotic vibration syndrome. A significant increase in specific and reduced viscosity in the group with advanced angioneurotic vibration syndrome, as compared to both the remaining groups, was found. At the same time, the albumin-globulin concentrations ratio was found to be decreased, the total protein concentration remaining unaltered. PMID- 7289854 TI - [Activity of various enzymes, BSP tests and blood serum protein fractions of workers of disinfection, de-insectization and deratization plants]. AB - Serous activity of AspAT, A1AT, LDH, GLDH, AP, ChE was checked, and BSP retention and protein level as well as its electrophoretic division were determined in 42 DDD Plant workers. The subject group was divided into subgroups depending on the degree of exposure to various chemicals and length of occupational exposure. In a considerable percentage of subjects, changes in serous activity of the enzymes concerned and defective BSP retention were found. The biochemical parameters were analysed and a possibility was enhanced of the occurrence of subacute poisonings changing into chronic ones, including liver parenchyma lesion. PMID- 7289856 TI - [Pulmonary ventilation and lead absorption in workers of non-ferrous metallurgical plants]. AB - The biological response to lead, taking into account pulmonary ventilation values, has been checked in nonferrous metal plant workers. Except for lead rolling-mill workers, increased blood lead, decreased delta-aminolevulinic dehydratase activity in erythrocytes, and increased urinary excretion of lead, delta-aminolevulinic acid and coproporphyrin were found in the metallurgists. The intensity of the biological response to lead was dependent on pulmonary ventilation. A positive, statistically significant correlation was found between these indices. With extensive correlation studies, a lead dose was calculated that is probably absorbed in the respiratory tract during a6-hr shift. This dose ranges between 352 -- 1056 mu g in lead refiners exposed to identical airborne lead concentration (0.163 mg/Pb/m3), the degree of physical effort being different (pulmonary ventilation from 11.8 -- 35.8 1/min). The authors indicate a need for including -- to a greater extent than so far -- pulmonary ventilation measurements in lead exposure evaluation. PMID- 7289857 TI - [Evaluation of the degree of temporary shift in auditory threshold at extended high-frequencies in relation to the efficiency of the organ of hearing]. AB - Temporary threshold shift measurements were taken at extended high frequencies range up to 20 kHz after the first day of work at noise (TTSI) and after a week of work (TTSII) at permanent noise exceeding allowable standards. 87 workers of the "Baildon" steel mill in Katowice were examined. The audiometric threshold examination was carried out after a 40-hr lay-off. Altogether 522 audiograms were done, yielding 4872 results. TTS magnitude was followed as dependent on the hearing organ functioning. TTS increase was found to be reversely dependent on the P.P. threshold values set up prior to noise exposure. The study of the temporary threshold shift for P.P. at extended range of higher frequencies is useful in the prevention of acoustic trauma, especially when meaning the selection of those oversusceptible to noise. PMID- 7289858 TI - [Value of complex methods of evaluating microclimatic conditions]. AB - The authors have checked the correctness and accuracy of the total index of microclimate evaluation, using an analog calculator to process the measurements. Information on the measurements of climate was analysed basing on the total index of climate evaluation qtr, Predicted -- 4 -- Hour -- Sweat -- Rate P4SR, Index of Thermal Stress ITS, Wet Bulb Globe Temperature WBGT, Globe -- Temperature tg, Heat Stress Index HSI, Humid Operative Temperature toH and Effective Temperature ET. In addition, under standard conditions, with differentiated degree of physical effort, the following physiological parameters have been determined in 37 subjects: heart rate, internal body temperature, skin temperature and sweat loss. The obtained data have undergone regression and correlation analysis, stating, among others, that the index of climate evaluation qtr and P4SR -- Index correlate best with all physiological parameters. PMID- 7289859 TI - [Gravimetric method of determining petroleum vapors in the air]. AB - The method is based on drawing a known volume of air through a tube filled with activated carbon. Water vapour, adsorbed together with hydrocarbons is removed from charcoal by passing dry nitrogen. Drying with nitrogen does not result in any decrease in the quantity of hydrocarbon adsorbed. The quantity of hydrocarbons is determined by weighing the tube before and after sampling. The authors investigated the dynamics of drying the charcoal from adsorbed water as well as the efficiency of hydrocarbon adsorption on charcoal. In addition, they established the conditions for samples collection. The range of the method is from 250 g/m3 to 10 000 g/m3. PMID- 7289860 TI - [Relationship between work in nitrogen-processing plants and chronic bronchitis including bronchial hypersensitivity]. AB - The examination involved 55 men exposed to NH3, 60 exposed to NO2 and NH3 and 98 controls. Symptoms of chronic cough and (or) expectoration were found in 8 controls and 18 exposed workers. Significant differences refer only to smokers. Bronchial overreactivity was found in 23.5% controls and in 21.1% of those exposed. The authors conclude that in smokers exposed to NO2 and NH3 chronic bronchitis prevalence is greater whereas occupational exposure did not contribute to an increased number of those suffering from bronchial overreactivity. PMID- 7289861 TI - [Evaluation of the senses of taste and smell in petroleum chemistry workers based on 3-year observations]. AB - The authors have presented results of examinations of the smell and taste senses in 547 petrochemistry, workers, and 100 cotton industry workers composing a control group. In both groups, those aged 26 -- 35, with long duration of employment, predominated. In the primary group i.e. petroleum chemistry workers, dysgeusia has been found in 319 (58.3%) subjects with no reaction at all in 102 (18.6%) persons. Hyposmia has been found in 238 (43.5%) and anosmia in 50 (9.2%) subjects. In the control group, dysgeusia has been found in 69%, whereas anosmia in 24% of subjects. PMID- 7289862 TI - [Contact allergy to epoxy resin hardeners]. AB - 447 patients suffering from eczema, occupationally exposed to epoxy resins, have been tested with Epidian 5 and five triethylenetetramine concentrations. By comparing the obtained results with literature data it has been found that in Poland those health damages are characterized by a considerable percentage of those sensitized to triethylenetetramine. The calculation of eczema incubation period and testing the allergen by several allergen concentrations demonstrated that the sensitivity to triethylenetetramine is sometimes very enhanced. PMID- 7289863 TI - [Physical development and health status of students of the Vocational Mining School in Belchatow]. AB - The paper was aimed at an evaluation of the physical development and health status of pupils of Vocational Mining School -- the future workers of the Brown Coal Mine and Power Station in Belchatow. The study covered 257 pupils aged 15 -- 19. The studies indicated that the physical development of the pupils examined is correct. In some of them the following deviations have been found: arterial hypertension, dental caries, decreased acuity of vision. In most cases the muscular force has been lowered. On the other hand, no pathologies of the respiratory system have been found. PMID- 7289864 TI - Epidemiology of occupational noise-induced hearing loss in Poland throughout 1971 -1979. AB - In Poland a uniform system for registering occupational diseases is mandatory. Special individual statistical cards of diagnosed cases are delivered from all over the country to the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz, where the incidence of diseases is analysed using electronic data processing system; such procedure is aimed, among others, at specification of prophylactic needs. Due to this, epidemiological studies could be carried out of the prevalence of occupational noise -- induced hearing loss in the total national economy throughout 1971--1979. Of the 35 mln Polish population, approx. 5 mln. 240 thous. persons are employed in industry, in this about 600 000 workers exposed to noise levels posing a risk of the hearing impairment of (Leq greater than or equal to 90 dB-A). It was found that occupational noise -- induced hearing loss was most frequent among all occupational diseases and its incidence rate exceeded 16 new cases annually per 100 000 employees. The highest incidence rate concerned transport means industry, coal mining and textile industry. The data analysis, by age and exposure duration, showed that the disease mostly affects those aged 40 - 49 and 50 -- 59, as well as those exposed to excessive noise levels for over 20 years. In addition, the distribution of occupational noise -- induced hearing loss in specific areas throughout the country, considering the degree of industrialization, was analysed. The highest incidence rate was found in the Southern and Western areas of Poland. The above information seems to be essential for setting up more efficient hearing conservation program in industry. PMID- 7289865 TI - [Effect of the type of work on the correlation between the subjective and objective evaluation of the workload]. AB - This paper is aimed at the determination of the relationship between the heart rate and results of subjective rating of the workload in women working in the forming and sewing workrooms of the hosiery plant. The work in these workrooms differed in respect of organization, degree of motorial activity, type of activities performed, and working conditions. The subjective rating involved 22 symptoms evaluated three times during a working day, by a 5 -- degree scale. During the same periods heart rate was determined telemetrically. In forming women, heart rate was higher by approx. 11%, and average rating by around 7%, as compared to sewing women. In both groups a positive correlation was found between the heart rate and symptoms typical of general fatigue and working conditions. On the other hand, the correlation between symptoms of monotony sensation and rating of hands efficiency was negative. The correlation between the heart rate and average rating was positive in forming women and negative in sewing women, which indicates that the similar total rating of the workload resulted form different causes (general fatigue and working conditions in forming women and monotony sensation and a great number of hands movements in sewing women.) PMID- 7289866 TI - [Results of subjective and endoscopic studies on the incidence of upper digestive tract pathology among industrial workers]. AB - This paper has been aimed at an evaluation of the prevalence of upper alimentary duct pathologies in an industrial population, as well as at an attempt to evaluate the value of subjective symptoms in screening tests. Altogether 975 subjects have been examined, but only 235 of them underwent endoscopic studies. The data on subjective symptoms have been collected from all the subjects, by way of a special questionnaire. In the group of those subjected to endoscopic studies, 38,7% have been found to have developed various diseases of the upper alimentary duct. Those predominating have been ulcers and deformations of pylorus and hiatal herniae. Ulcers and deformations of duodenum in smokers have been nearly twice those in nonsmokers. The results demonstrated that the prevalence of upper alimentary duct diseases in the industrial population concerned, has been higher than expected. To account for this, further epidemiological analytical studies must be undertaken. It has been found that within the screening studies of populations, aimed at the detection of upper alimentary duct diseases, questionnaire on abdominal pain is more reliable than the questions on dyspeptic symptoms. PMID- 7289867 TI - [Liver cell function test based on selective laboratory studies]. AB - Laboratory tests have been carried out in 517 workers of a Chemical Fibres Plant. This was aimed at the detection of the changes resulting from cumulative exposure to caprolactam, dowtherm and physical factors. There have been performed hematological investigations, uninalyses and biochemical tests: total protein level, activity of enzymes: ASPAT, ALAT, PA, ChE, thymol test. The results have been analysed as the mean values for particular divisions and workstands; then they have been compared with standards. In order to evaluate the degree of occupational exposure of particular groups of workers, an index of the liver cell damage has been calculated. It was expressed in % of the results exceeding the standards in relation to all results in a given group of workers. The highest values of the index were those in the group employed at the polymerization division. The authoresses promote the advisability of special care for this group of workers. PMID- 7289868 TI - [Disorders of lysosomal enzyme activity in rats with experimental radiation sickness]. AB - The studies undertaken were aimed at detecting the biological effects of radioactive radiation on rat's organism, through studying the activity of lysosomal enzymes in both blood plasma and some organs. The contemporary studies suggest that lysosomes play an important role in the occurrence and course of postradiation disease. The obtained results suggest the multidirectional gamma rays effects on lysosomal enzymes response in serum, leucocytes, liver lysosomes and in liver, kidneys, lungs, heart. Increased activity of acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase and beta-acetyl-glucosaminase in the tissues of irradiated animals indicates that gamma rays labiliza the lysosomal membrane. The range of changes indicates a selective nature of this phenomenon. Kidneys, lungs and liver appeared the most ray--sensitive organs. The activity of acid phosphatase was found to be most increased in blood serum and leucocytes. The activity of all the examined enzymes in liver lysosomes was decreased. Acid phosphatase exhibited the greatest activity increases. Lysosomal responses, as one of the radiobiological effects of postradiation disease are indicative of the degree of destructive or regenerative changes in the organism. PMID- 7289869 TI - [Harmful chemical agents in electrochemical processing. II. Experimental studies on the toxic effects of nitric oxide and chlorine. Changes in peripheral blood in rats]. AB - In rats exposed to a mixture of nitric oxides (NO -- 0.62 mg/m3, NO -- 0.60 mg/m3) and chlorine (1.02 mg/m3), for 12 weeks, a series of changes in peripheral blood have been found. In the erythrocytic system, a decrease in haemoglobin concentration in blood and mean haemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes, and increase in ALA-D dehydratase activity have been revealed. In the leukocytic system, lymphocytopenia has been found associated with a reduction in the number of lymphocytes, both beta-glucuronidase-positive and beta-glucuronidase-negative, as well as impaired lysosomes in lymphocytes, which is proved by a decrease in the number of lymphocytes with granular cytochemical reaction on beta glucuronidase (BG) with a simultaneous increase in the number of lymphocytes with granular-diffusive and diffusive cytochemical reaction to BG. In neutrophils only a decrease in BG activity has been observed. The obtained results demonstrate that the mixture of nitric oxides and chlorine of a relatively low concentration exhibits toxic effects mainly on the lymphocytic and erythrocytic systems. PMID- 7289870 TI - [Incidence of chronic nonspecific bronchopulmonary diseases among textile industry workers]. AB - 700 persons i.e. 98.6% of the workers of the textile plant "Biruna" in Bialystok, breathing in such synthetic fibres as acrylic yarn, anilane etc. were examined. The prevalence of chronic nonspecific bronchopulmonary diseases was found to be highly enhanced by smoking, whether in those exposed to dust or in those unexposed (administration). Among the clerical employees, the rate of chronic nonspecific bronchopulmonary diseases in smokers was three times greater than in non-smokers. This referred especially to men. In those exposed to dust, the rate of chronic nonspecific bronchopulmonary diseases was in smokers about twice that of non-smokers. In addition the percentage rate of chronic nonspecific bronchopulmonary diseases was found to increase with length of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked. PMID- 7289871 TI - [Neurological status and EEG studies in workers exposed to electromagnetic fields of 27-30 MHz]. AB - The studies covered 57 women who were heat sealing foil in exposure to electromagnetic radiation of 27--30 MHz frequencies, and 30 controls. In the clinical picture--neurotic syndrome predominated. Its form and prevalence did not differ from the control. No organic symptoms have been found in the nervous system of those exposed. In the EEG tests, changes in the bioelectric function of the brain did not exceed the allowable standard for healthy persons; on the other hand the decrease in alpha-waves index was significant. PMID- 7289872 TI - [Seasons and the incidence of occupational and non-occupational accidents at the Szczecin shipyard in 1976]. AB - The number of both occupational and nonoccupational accidents was found to increase in July, November and December. A cumulation of both those types of accidents was observed, which resulted in irregularities of sickness absenteeism. The months in which the rates of occupational and nonoccupational accidents significantly differed were January, March and October. Then the greater seasonality in one of those two types of accidents somehow seemed to be equalized by a lesser seasonality of the other. Much fewer accidents of both types were observed in August, April and May. Occupational traumas brought about longer disablement for work than nonoccupational ones: average annual number of days (accident at work = 14.9, outside work = 12.2. The highest indices of the severity of traumas at work: in April 17.5 days) accident, in March 16.7, in August 16.5, in October 16.0; the lowest -- in June -- 11.5. Those values were different in nonoccupational traumas: the highest was in August -- 14.4, whereas in the remaining ones, oscillation around the mean values was observed. PMID- 7289873 TI - Tooth eruption depends on bone resorption: experimental evidence from osteopetrotic (ia) rats. AB - Resorption of alveolar bone around erupting teeth is known to be independent of tooth eruption. However, the failure of tooth eruption and reduction in bone resorption in the osteopetrotic rat mutation, incisors absent (ia), suggest that tooth eruption depends upon bone resorption. This hypothesis was tested by determining the effects of neonatal restoration of bone resorption in ia rats on eruption of first molars. Newborn ia rats were treated with irradiation and spleen cells and tooth eruption and bone resorption were examined 30 days later. In 24 treated ia rats at least two molars erupted in every rat and all four molars erupted in 14. In 24 untreated ia littermates, no molars erupted in 21, one molar erupted in two and two molars erupted in one rat. All molars erupted in 38 untreated normal littermates. Alveolar bone overlying unerupted first molars in untreated ia rats was not present in treated mutant littermates. Neonatally treated ia rats had osteoclasts with ruffled borders and no skeletal sclerosis by 30 days. Within 48 hours after treatment two types of osteoclasts could be found in treated rats. One type resembled those found in untreated ia littermates and the other those found in normal rats. These data suggest that failure of tooth eruption in ia rats is directly related to the reduction in bone resorption and that alveolar bone resorption is required for tooth eruption. PMID- 7289875 TI - Osteopetrosis: recent advances in basic research and treatment. PMID- 7289874 TI - Blood levels of calcitonin in microphthalmic (mi/mi) osteopetrotic mouse cannot account for the resistance of bone to this hormone. AB - Basal and calcium-stimulated levels of calcitonin were measured in blood from microphthalmic-osteopetrotic and normal mice. The basal levels in the osteopetrotic mice were not different from those in normal mice (119.8 +/- 8.1 and 93.8 +/- 8.6 pg/ml, mean +/- s.e.m., respectively). Similarly, the calcium stimulated increase in calcitonin following injection of calcium was the same in both groups of mice. Previously it has been demonstrated that calvaria from osteopetrotic mice have a blunted response to the biochemical effects of calcitonin compared to calvaria from normal mice. The present data indicates that this decreased response to calcitonin is not due to excessive blood levels of calcitonin or to altered sensitivity of the thyroid gland to blood calcium concentration. PMID- 7289876 TI - Collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis in chick limb bud cells infected with a virus that causes osteoblastoma. AB - Infection of cultured stage 24 (day 4.5) chick limb cells (spot cultures) with myeloblastosis-associated virus 2-(osteo) (MAV-2(0)) produces cell density dependent alterations of collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis over the course of 8 days in culture. Collagen synthesis in infected, low density cultures (100 k cells/spot) was maximal on day 4 and increased 12 fold compared with maximal values on days 5-6 for uninfected counterparts. The patterns of collagen synthesis were similar in uninfected or MAV-2(0)-infected cultures seeded at 200 (medium density) or 400 k cells (high density) per spot with peaks on days 5-6. Noncollagen protein synthesis (NCP) in infected, low density cultures was maximal on day 4 and increased 15.7 fold compared with maximal values on days 5-6 for uninfected counterparts. The patterns for NCP synthesis were similar for uninfected and MAV-2(0)-infected cultures seeded at medium density (peak on day 5). However, in MAV-2(0)-infected , high density cultures, NCP synthesis was maximal on day 4 and increased 2.9 fold compared with maximal values on days 5-6 for uninfected counterparts. Although kinetics of cell division and DNA synthesis were similar in uninfected and MAV-2(0)-infected limb bud cells, the virus may have diverse affects on different cell populations at the three cell densities employed in these experiments. PMID- 7289877 TI - Malignant osteopetrosis: a disease of abnormal osteoclast proliferation. AB - Bone biopsies were obtained from two infants with the malignant form of congenital osteopetrosis. Non-decalcified histological sections of each biopsy contained vast numbers of osteoclasts occupying virtually the entire residual marrow space. Despite the apparent failure of normal bone resorption in both patients, the osteoclasts of one appeared histologically and ultrastructurally normal, exhibiting ruffled membrane formation and evidence of acid phosphatase synthesis and secretion. In contrast, the osteoclasts of the second patient were unusually shaped, abnormally large and contained no ruffled membranes. It is concluded that the bone marrow failure which appears in the malignant, as compared to the benign form of osteopetrosis, is at least in part due to replacement of hematopoietic precursors by osteoclasts. Furthermore, the different cytological appearance of the osteoclasts of each patient suggests that a spectrum of pathogenetic mechanisms may be responsible for the development of the disease. Finally, ruffled membrane formation by the osteoclasts of one patient calls into question the assumption that this morphological feature is invariably associated with bone resorption. PMID- 7289878 TI - Onset and development of hypertriglyceridemia in the Zucker rat (fa/fa). AB - Triglyceridemia was studied in genetically obese Zucker rats (fa/fa) and their lean littermates aged 1-8 wk. Hypertriglyceridemia was manifest in the obese from 2 wk onwards. Hepatic triacylglycerol secretion rate (TGSR) measured after administration of Triton WR-1339, was similar in obese and lean pups aged 2 wk. At 4 wk TGSR was twice as high in the obese as in the lean. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was abnormal in the tissues of obese animals, being either increased in white adipose tissue from 1 wk onwards or decreased in brown adipose tissue and cardiac and skeletal muscle from 2 wk onwards. The simultaneous appearance in the 2-wk-old obese of a decrease in LPL activity of the latter tissues, and hypertriglyceridemia strongly suggests a cause-effect relationship particularly since TGRS is normal. After weaning, LPL capacity of white adipose tissue in the obese, although considerably increased, was apparently not high enough to compensate for both an increased TGSR and a decreased LPL activity in other tissues. PMID- 7289879 TI - Xylitol mediated amelioration of acetylphenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis in rabbits. AB - Xylitol was investigated for its ability to ameliorate hemolytic anemia induced by acetylphenylhydrazine in rabbits. Animal experiments were performed using two different concentrations of xylitol, a 5% and a 10% solution with a total dose of 2 g/kg body weight and infusion rates of 10 mg and 20 mg xylitol per kg body weight per minute respectively. Two doses of acetylphenylhydrazine (APH), 5 and 10 mg per kg, were injected intraperitoneally as hemolytic inducers in different groups of rabbits. All the rabbits infused with xylitol showed significantly less acute APH-induced hemolysis. The isotonic 5% xylitol solution was found to maintain and restore the hematological parameters (packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and reticulocyte counts) better than the 10% xylitol solution. Increased 51CR-red cell survival confirmed the beneficial effect of xylitol. The survival of erythrocytes as represented by chromium-labeling in rabbits infused with 5% xylitol after treatment with 10 mg/kg APH increased from about 33% (the survival of red cells in rabbits injected with APH alone) to 67% of normal rabbits' red cell survival. Erythrocytes in APH treated animals took up xylitol more readily than erythrocytes from control animals. Our results in rabbits suggest that (1) non-toxic dosage of xylitol is effective in ameliorating the hemolytic episode induced by APH, (2) there is a dose relationship between the hemolytic effect induced by APH and the preventive effect offered by xylitol, (3) drug-challenged cells effectively acquired two to three fold more xylitol to compensate for the cellular needs than that of the normal cells, and (4) sufficient xylitol (55 mg/dl) to act as substrate for xylitol dehydrogenase was recovered intracellularly in drug-challenged rabbit erythrocyte in vivo, in spite of a low plasma (less than 30 mg/dl) concentration of the substrate. This antihemolytic affect of xylitol is likely accomplished through NADPH generation, which maintains the level of GSH and protects the hemoglobin and other structural and functional proteins against peroxidative damage. PMID- 7289880 TI - Serum thyroid hormone abnormalities in psychiatric disease. AB - Psychiatric illness is a cause of "euthyroid sick syndrome" (ESS), defined as abnormal concentrations of circulating iodothyronines in euthyroid subjects with nonthyroidal illness (NTI). We describe a prospective study of 150 consecutive psychiatric admissions studied by endocrine and psychologic techniques. Based on 150 admission blood samples, we found a 7% incidence of ESS and with serial samples (74 patients) the incidence was 27%, demonstrating that ESS can develop after hospital admission. Of the 20 patients with ESS, 11 had elevation of both serum total T4 concentrations (T4) and free thyroxine index (FTI) while their serum total T3 concentrations (T3) remained normal; 5 had elevation of FTI without elevation of T4 or T3; and 4 had low T4 and low FTI and normal TSH. In 2 of the 4 patients in the last category, the T3 was also low. The free T3 index (FT3I) was normal in all but 1 patient who had low FT3I and FTI, low T4 and T3, and normal TSH. The serum thyroid hormone abnormalities were transient in the ESS patients during the 10 day period with 2 exceptions; 1 patient had persistently elevated T4 and FTI with normal T3 and FT3I values while another patient had persistently depressed T4 and FTI without abnormality of FT3I or TSH. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated a difference (P less than .06) in the psychologic attributes of somatic and autonomic symptoms in ESS patients compared to controls. We conclude that ESS is as common amongst psychiatric admissions as in general hospital patients previously studied and that blood thyroid function tests should be interpreted cautiously in all hospitalized patients. PMID- 7289881 TI - Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle induced by a creatine antagonist. AB - To evaluate the essentiality of creatine and phosphocreatine for the maintenance of the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle, chicks were fed a creatine antagonist, beta-guanidinobutyric acid (beta-GBA), as 2% of a Chow diet. Chicks fed beta-GBA exhibited growth retardation and weakness, and they accumulated large amounts of a monosubstituted guanidino compound, presumably beta-GBA, in their skeletal muscles. After 2 wk, there was a 74% decrease in the uptake of [14C]-1-creatine into pectoralis muscles of chicks fed beta-GBA. After 2 wk there as a significant decrease in phosphocreatine concentrations in pectoralis muscles from 20.1 +/- 2.8 mumoles per g wet weight (mean +/- S.D.) for 8 control chicks to 16.5 +/- 2.5 for 7 chicks fed beta-GBA. Selected fibers of the pectoralis and gastrocnemius muscles of chicks fed beta-GBA exhibited ultrastructural abnormalities including loss of thick and thin filaments, disruption of the Z band, dilated mitochondria, and dilated and displaced sarcoplasmic reticulum. The pectoralis muscles of chicks given 6% creatine in addition to 2% beta-GBA in the diet accumulated little beta-GBA, maintained normal phosphocreatine concentrations, and exhibited no significant ultrastructural abnormalities. These findings are the first experimental evidence that high concentrations of phosphocreatine are essential for the maintenance of the ultrastructural integrity of skeletal muscle. PMID- 7289882 TI - Circulating somatomedin activity and sulfate levels in adults with normal and impaired kidney function. AB - Circulating somatomedin activity was measured by porcine cartilage bioassay in 52 men with normal and impaired renal function. Serum somatomedin activity correlated inversely with serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, and was significantly decreased in nondialyzed patients with advanced renal failure. Somatomedin activity was even lower in subjects undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, but increased significantly during a single dialysis. Serum inorganic sulfate was elevated in uremic individuals, correlated directly with creatinine and urea nitrogen, and fell with dialysis. Since somatomedins measured by radioassay are reported to be elevated in uremia and do not change during hemodialysis, it seems likely that bioassayable somatomedin activity is depressed because of the accumulation of dialyzable inhibitors. Since somatomedins have broad anabolic properties, impaired somatomedin action may contribute to poor growth and wasting in uremia. PMID- 7289883 TI - Cysteamine inhibition of [15N]-glycine turnover in cystinosis and of glycine cleavage system in vitro. AB - In order to clarify the hyperglycinemic effect of cysteamine treatment in children with nephropathic cystinosis, we measured [15N]-glycine turnover in three affected patients. Administration of cysteamine lowered the glycine flux and the glycine metabolic clearance rate but did not alter the glycine pool size. Formation of [15N]-serine from [15N]-glycine was lower in untreated patients than in control subjects and was reduced still further by cysteamine. Studies in vitro with isolated rat liver mitochondria and acetone extracts of mitochondria indicated that even low cysteamine concentrations (0.1 mM) inhibited the glycine cleavage system in both the direction of glycine oxidation and glycine synthesis. Cysteamine was a more potent inhibitor of the glycine cleavage system than any other sulfhydryl containing compound. Although no ill effects of cysteamine treatment were immediately apparent, patients receiving cysteamine should be monitored carefully for the appearance of any neurologic symptoms which might be referable to inhibition of the glycine cleavage system. PMID- 7289884 TI - The effect of short-term feeding of a high carbohydrate diet on HLD subclasses in normal subjects. AB - Plasma HDL concentrations are effected by several perturbations, including certain dietary manipulations. In this study we have examined the effects of a one week ingestion of an isocaloric, fat-free, high-carbohydrate diet (CHO greater than 80% of calories) and the concentrations and compositions of plasma HDL subclasses. Eleven healthy normolipidemic volunteers (6 females, 5 males) took part in this study. Blood samples for lipoprotein analysis were drawn before and at the end of the dietary period and analyzed for lipoprotein lipid and apoprotein concentrations. Lipoproteins also were characterized by zonal ultracentrifugation. Our results show the following significant changes at the end of the dietary period: plasma concentrations of VLDL-TG, VLDL-cholesterol and total VLDL mass increased, whereas plasma concentrations of LDL-cholesterol, LDL mass and HDL-cholesterol and HDL mass, decreased. Plasma concentrations of apoprotein A1 decreased (from 133.3 +/- 7.7 to 108.1 +/- 8.6; mean +/- S.E.M., p less than 0.0004), and apoprotein A2 concentrations remained unchanged. This resulted in a drop in plasma ratio of ApoA1/ApoA2 (p less than 0.03). Since it has been shown that ApoA1/ApoA2 ratio is higher in HDL2 than HDL3, we examined the concentrations of these two subfractions, employing rate-zonal ultracentrifugation for their isolation. One week of ingestion of the study diet was followed by consistent decreases in HDL2 mass (from 84 +/- 15 to 44 +/- 16 mg/dl, mean +/- S.E.M.), with inconsistent changes in HDL3 mass, (from 254 +/- 18 to 222 +/- 13 mg/dl) resulting in significant decreases in HDL2/HDL3 mass ratio. Lipid analyses of these subfractions did not demonstrate major compositional changes. The alterations noted could be due to decreased HDL production, at least in part, but alterations in the interconversions of lipoproteins also could have played a role. The falls in HDL2 on a diet which should be "antiatherogenic" illustrate the difficulty of assessing the atherogenicity of any given diet solely by the changes it produces in the levels of circulating lipoproteins. PMID- 7289885 TI - Increase of lipoprotein-lipase activity in skeletal muscle during heavy exercise. Relation to epinephrine excretion. AB - As part of the training programme for Swedish elite soldiers, a 10 day march is carried out with a heavy pack under active-service conditions. Six soldiers volunteered to take part in an investigation on the energy consumption with special regard to the lipid metabolism at different levels of physical effort. The degree of physical work was evaluated by continuous heart-rate recording and analysis of the excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the urine. Fasting values of triglycerides and free fatty acids in blood plasma were determined and muscle biopsies (taken in the morning and in the afternoon) were analysed for lipoprotein-lipase (LPL) activity. After an overnight fast the free fatty acids were increased only in the mornings following days of heavy physical work. The plasma triglyceride concentrations were lowest in a morning proceeded by 3 days of heavy work. The muscle LPL activity in the morning was highest after a day of heavy work and lowest after days of rest. During days of heavy work this activity increased and was higher in the afternoon than in the morning. Muscle LPL activity in the afternoon was closely related to urinary excretion of epinephrine. The data indicate that LPL activity is elevated in the working skeletal muscle increasing the access of fatty acids. The degree of elevation is related to the degree of effort as described by the urinary excretion of morning. Muscle LPL activity in the afternoon was closely related to urinary excretion of epinephrine. The data indicate that LPL activity is elevated in the working skeletal muscle increasing the access of fatty acids. The degree of elevation is related to the degree of effort as described by the urinary excretion of morning. Muscle LPL activity in the afternoon was closely related to urinary excretion of epinephrine. The data indicate that LPL activity is elevated in the working skeletal muscle increasing the access of fatty acids. The degree of elevation is related to the degree of effort as described by the urinary excretion of epinephrine. PMID- 7289886 TI - A comparison of possible effects of acute and chronic stress on post-menopausal urinary oestrogen levels. PMID- 7289887 TI - Effect of megestrol acetate on flushing and bone metabolism in post-menopausal women. AB - To avoid the risks of oestrogen therapy in post-menopausal women, we have examined the effects of a progestin, megestrol acetate (MA), on hot flushes and bone metabolism. Ten normal post-menopausal women were studied before and after the oral administration of 20, 40 and 80 mg of MA daily for 4 wk at each dose level. Finger temperature and skin resistance were recorded for 8 h as objective indices of flushing and perspiration, respectively. The fasting ratios of urinary calcium: creatinine (Ca/Cr) and hydroxyproline: creatinine (OHPr/Cr) were used as indices of bone resorption. A reduction (P less than 0.01) of flushing episodes was noted on all dose levels of MA, with 56, 11, 6 and 1 flushes occurring on 0, 20, 40 and 80 mg of medication. A decrease (P less than 0.05) of Ca/Cr was noted only with 80 mg of MA, whereas OHPr/Cr remained unchanged. We conclude that progestin therapy may provide an alternative mode of treatment for post menopausal hot flushes. Definitive demonstration of an effect on post-menopausal bone resorption will require a long-term study of bone density. PMID- 7289888 TI - Serum concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol during various oestrogen treatments. AB - Serum oestradiol/oestrone ratios were measured during various oestrogen treatments in castrated women. Oral oestriol succinate therapy (8 mg/day) caused little change in the pre-treatment oestradiol/oestrone ratio. During oestradiol valerianate therapy (2 mg/day) serum total oestrogens and the E2/I1 ratio were considerably increased. One day after the injection of 10 mg of oestradiol valerianate and 2.5 mg of oestradiol benzoate + 10 mg of oestradiol phenylpropionate the E2/E1 ratio was similar to the ratio in middle of the normal ovulatory cycle. The change in serum oestriol was rather small after oral doses of 8 mg og oestriol succinate 15, 30 and 120 min after the application. PMID- 7289889 TI - The health care industry and the antitrust laws: on a collision course? PMID- 7289890 TI - We are all someone's doctor - let's confide about costs. PMID- 7289891 TI - The impact of housestaff unionization. PMID- 7289892 TI - Michigan studies of Reye's Syndrome, aspirin, suggest preventive measures available. PMID- 7289893 TI - Effect of alpha-Tocopherol on endotoxicosis. AB - The effect of alpha-tocopherol in endotoxicosis was studied. The alpha-tocopherol level significantly decreased in mouse liver 18 hr after endotoxin administration, thereafter tending to increase to approach the normal range. In endotoxin-tolerant mouse liver, the lipid peroxide level was reduced to less than half of that in nontolerant animals following endotoxin challenge. The liver lipid peroxide level and serum lactate dehydrogenase or acid phosphatase leakage were studied in mice fed a vitamin E-deficient (ED) diet and a vitamin E supplemented (ES) diet for 40 days. ED mouse liver exhibited a higher formation of lipid peroxide after endotoxin was given while there was a markedly lower level in ES mouse liver. There was significantly more serum lactate dehydrogenase or acid phosphatase leakage in ED mice than in ES mice after endotoxin administration. There was about a 25% decrease in liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in endotoxin-poisoned mice fed both the normal and the ED diets, while the activity was at a higher level in ES-fed mice. These results suggest that alpha-tocopherol may be helpful in preventing membrane instability in endotoxin poisoning. PMID- 7289894 TI - A potential clinical application of the end systolic pressure volume relationship to the treatment of heart failure. PMID- 7289895 TI - The histogenesis of glandular neoplasia. AB - Tissues in the organism may be divided according to their proliferative capacities into three categories: 1. Fast replicators (FR) e.g., epidermis; 2. Slow replicators (SR) e.g., liver and 3. Non replicators (NR) e.g., nerve cells. Evidence is presented that FR as well as SR tissues continuously proliferate exhibiting two distinct histomorphological structures; a progenitor region in which cells are formed and a functional region into which they enter. Throughout their displacement, the cells cover a typical path denominated as tissue radius. The SR tissues e.g., parotid gland, mammary gland, liver and prostate, exhibit similar ontogenies, and proceed during regeneration and neoplasia through similar stages. All are compound glands with two distinct stem cell types, one residing in the excretory duct epithelium and the second in the intercalated duct. Each stem cell gives rise to its typical neoplasm. Excretory duct originating neoplasms consist of papillomas, epidermal and adenocarcinomas, while intercalated stem cell bound neoplasms embrace the canalicular adenoma, oncocytoma acinic cell and lobular carcinomata. All tissues continuously stream along the tissue radius. Evidence is presented that even the liver cords are continuously displaced from the limiting lamina toward the terminal hepatic (or central) vein. The histological image of these tissues actually reflects an instantaneous picture of cells in a continuous flux. PMID- 7289896 TI - New medical ethics. PMID- 7289897 TI - Pulsatory motor of mitosis. AB - The basic building block of cell nuclei is postulated to be a macromolecule consisting of an exon of DNA linked laterally with a polypeptide whose DNA distalmost NH2 radical is in an electronic pulsatory state which constitutes a centriole. The pulsating centriole impresses oscillating excitation along the polypeptide to the DNA rendering the DNA partially oxidative of substances in the fluid environment. This oxidation activates a second type of oscillating excitation distad along the polypeptide, keeping the centriole in its pulsatory state. The exon-polypeptide-centriole macromolecule is, in brief, in unique inter end-dependent steadystate dynamic equilibrium. Replication of the exon and then the polypeptide occurs through oscillatory resonance-attraction, seriatim, of identical sub-entities from the fluid environment. Final duplication of the centriole occurs through pulsatory resonance-induction acting upon the daughter polypeptide's terminal NH2. The resultant daughter centriole is, however, in 180 degrees opposite pulsatory phase. Opposite-phase pulsators repel one-another; like-phase pulsators attract one-another. These postulated pulsator, and oscillator, principles afford explanation of the main phenomena of mitosis. Pathological foreshortening in polypeptide replication offers explanation of malignant mitosis. PMID- 7289898 TI - Two-dimensional protein electrophoresis and the identification of histologically indeterminate human cancers. AB - It is proposed to identify histologically indeterminate human cancers by comparing their qualitative content of stained proteins, separated by two dimensional electrophoresis, with patterns of proteins from a series of identified human cancers of comparable or different stem cell origin. The hypothesis to be tested is that in cancer, biochemical ontogeny, reflected in the distribution of cellular and tissue proteins, will recapitulate phylogeny, albeit in a manner less organized than normal. Patterns of protein from cancer cells, whether histologically identified or not but originating from embryologically similar stem cells, are expected to exhibit greater homology, compared with protein profiles of cancer cells derived from stem cells of different embryologic origin. Normal or cancer cell proteins common or unique to one or more cell sources can be identified, and subsets of proteins that characterize cancer cells of specific stem cell origin identified. There are reasons to believe that cancer cells rarely, if ever express properties inconsistent with the basic cellular commitment of their stem cell of origin. Photo-optical scanning and computer assisted analysis will greatly facilitate collating the many hundreds of discrete proteins, among which those used to characterize different cancer cells are to be found. PMID- 7289899 TI - On information process in living matter. Time and the 4th dimension. (expose of a hypothesis). AB - The hypothesis concerns the nature of the biological information signal. It is envisaged as a unit existing in two different states -- dipole and monopole according to its location in the three-dimensional space, respectively in the 4th dimension. The reversible transformation dipole-monopole which marks the crucial phase of the information process in living organisms outlines a two-way functioning tunnel in the space. According to the hypothesis this two-way tunnel in the space fixes the fundamental difference between living and non-living matter. PMID- 7289900 TI - Cancer prevention and therapy. AB - Based on a consideration of biochemical mechanisms, rational methods for the prevention of cancer and for its positive regression are presented. It is demonstrated that the means employed are fundamentally opposed so that if the preventive method were to be used after the onset of cancer, it would only accelerate its development. The solution to these subtle questions rests notably on the established fact that a spontaneous cancer is nothing else but a phenomenon of anti-ageing. Thus, it is evident that all living beings that attain maximal longevity would necessarily die of cancer. Nevertheless, the malignant tumour is, from a certain aspect, hereditarily linked, since its early appearance in young children can only be explained by premature tissue ageing which is itself genetically derived. PMID- 7289901 TI - "Mycococcus" of the ascomycete mold and carcinogenesis. AB - There is a time in history when it becomes necessary to coin a term to describe a newly discovered identity. According to our research findings there is now the need to add a new term to medical microbiology. Our studies indicate that there is consistently present, determined though revised culturing procedures of aseptic freshly collected cancerous tissue, a micro-organism which resembles and/or is identified as staphylococci, micrococci, enterococci, etc. Our work indicates that these microbes are the absent outside cell wall, enzyme and hormone-deficient aberrant form of the ascomycete mold. They could be listed as the asexual conidial bodies. However, because they multiply in cancerous tissue, as a separate entity, with absolutely no evidences of phialedes or hyphal elements being present, and because they are predominantly cocci in appearance, I wish to suggest that we use the term "mycococcus". On occasions some cultures will reveal microbes which give an alternating rod to oval-like movement and appearance. Sometimes the rods may be small and chain-like. These ultimately turn out to be the altered microbes such as aspergillus of the branching type fungus. The term in this instance may be considered as "mycomicrobe" or "mycobacillus". PMID- 7289902 TI - On the origin of biological systems and the role of poly-nucleotides -- the initiation of evolution, the structural basis of the genetic code and the mechanism of protein biosynthesis. AB - There is much information on the nature and function of biological systems in the structures of the small molecules that affect them and in the biosynthetic and other reactions in which they are involved. Combining this with biochemical and polynucleotide sequence information allows us to derive explanations for a number of biological problems that earlier were unclear or even quite obscure. Thus polynucleotide systems give a good account of the origin of life, of the genetic code and of the function of the ribosomal mechanism of protein biosynthesis. It is apparent that polynucleotides play a more important role than has been fully appreciated. PMID- 7289903 TI - The structural basis of biological systems -- on the structures of transfer RNA and DNA and on some biological consequences. AB - Tetrahelix polynucleotide structure is important in biological systems. Though it is disputed there is firm evidence that transfer RNA has a tetrahelix structure and has the form of a simple cylinder. There is overwhelming chemical, biochemical and sequence evidence and the structure satisfies the constraints of the unit cell lattice. Tetrahelix structure also occurs in DNA and appears to be the most stable form and in many cases the naturally occurring form under physiological conditions. The consequences of tetrahelix structure clarify some longstanding problems such as the physical basis of supertwisting and of compact structure. PMID- 7289904 TI - On neoplastic grading. PMID- 7289905 TI - Acrodermatitis enteropathica and the relation to pellagra. AB - A patient with a variant form of acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) without hypozincemia is presented who showed a rise in plasma zinc and partial improvement on a pancreatic enzyme preparation, apparently because of its content of picolinic acid (PA). Complete recovery occurred on 60 mg zinc (1). This patient has now been treated with zinc PA (equal to only 5 mg zinc) and subsequently with PA. Both maintained elevated plasma zinc levels. Because of the similarity of AE with pellagra and the common origin of PA and nicotinic acid from tryptophan, a hypothesis is presented which suggests that skin manifestations in the two disorders are due to PA deficiency since picolinic carboxylase forms NAD preferentially when there is competition for the common precursor. PMID- 7289906 TI - Cell membrane fluidity and prostaglandins. PMID- 7289907 TI - Dynamic electrocardiography V. The "imaginary cardiac vector" hypothesis: experimental evaluation. AB - This paper experimentally evaluates the "imaginary cardiac vector" hypothesis, that the cardiac vector is not a real vector. We have previously shown on theoretical grounds that the basis of the cardiac vector is invalid in that Einthoven used scalar, not vector, procedures. Attempts by subsequent workers to compensate for the theoretical flaws have not succeeded. The concept of the "cardiac vector" which they have invented has the dimensions of an imaginary entity. Experimental measurement of isopotential maps derived from dipoles in a volume conductor demonstrates that these dipoles do not summate vectorially. Isopotential maps of the thoracic surface confirm that this applies to the human ECG. An imaginary "man-frog" cardiac vector loop is demonstrated using a lead from a man and a lead from a frog. This illustrates that the "imaginary cardiac vector" is a tenable concept. Finally, a crucial test of the hypothesis is reported which demonstrates that exercise causes deviations of the so-called cardiac vector in opposite directions, simultaneously, in different VCG lead systems. Since a physical entity can only be in one place and more in one direction at a particular instant, this experiment invalidates the "real cardiac vector" hypothesis. This strongly suggests that the cardiac vector is a brilliant, but imaginary, construction with immense clinical value, especially in the interpretation of the sequence of depolarization. Nevertheless, it obstructs analysis of the real basis of the electricity of the heart. PMID- 7289908 TI - Diet and coronary disease: a survey of mortality rates and food consumption statistics of 24 countries. AB - Direct, linear and reasonably accurate correlation has been found between coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates and the consumption of unfermented milk proteins--namely the protein content of all dairy products with the only important exception of cheese--in a study of male mortality rates and food consumption statistics of 24 countries. Thus in Finland, with the highest CHD mortality amongst these countries, the consumption of unfermented mile proteins is also higher than in the other countries, 30.4 g/day, corresponding to the protein content of 0.85 l of whole milk. In Germany, Yugoslavia and Japan male CHD mortality is approximately a half, a quarter and a tenth of that in Finland. So is the consumption of milk proteins, 14.1, 8.1 and 2.5 g respectively. Multivariate analysis on the combined effect of milk proteins and other possible atherogenic agents, like sugar, saturated fats and cigarette smoking, is performed, the results tending to confirm the leading role of milk proteins, attributing only an adjuvant effect to co-factors. Possible theoretical interpretation of the results is briefly discussed. PMID- 7289909 TI - A proposal for evaluation of treatment in experimental fat embolism. AB - The efficiency of various treatments of clinical fat embolism is difficult to assess because of the wide range in the severity of the syndrome. Similarly, in experimental fat embolism, the efficiency of treatment has usually been based on studies employing non-fatal doses of fat. For use in studying experimental fat embolism, we propose a technique based on the comparison of LD50's of two groups of animals injected with fat: a control group versus a treated group. With this method, the efficiency of treatment is based on the survival of animals receiving larger doses of fat which is the ultimate goal in therapy (i.e., survival with an otherwise fatal dose of fat) and it also allows for the biological variability of animals in response to toxic injections of fat. PMID- 7289910 TI - Laryngeal cancer: an explanation for the apparent occupational association. AB - The apparent association of laryngeal cancer with asbestos and possibly other occupational exposures can be accounted for by the hypothesis that chronic vocal abuse peculiar to certain working conditions will act as a promoting factor for active carcinogens found mainly in tobacco smoke. PMID- 7289911 TI - The pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis--a hypothesis. AB - We have suggested that a thymic factor plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. The presence of specific ACh R antibodies in more than 90% of patients with myasthenia gravis has provided us with a marker for this disorder and has greatly increased our understanding of the pathophysiology. These antibodies can induce physiological parameters similar to those seen in myasthenia gravis following passive transfer to experimental animals and can accelerate degradation of ACh R in myotube culture. However, clinical studies suggest that additional factors of thymic origin are necessary for the development of the clinical features of myasthenia gravis. While the nature of the thymic factor(s) is speculative, this hypothesis has a significant clinical implication as it argues for an early, total thymectomy as the treatment of choice for myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7289912 TI - A critique of evaluation studies of sublingual and intracutaneous provocative tests for food allergy. PMID- 7289913 TI - Pain: towards a comprehensive understanding and a definition. AB - Pain is the most prominent - though not the commonest - symptom from which patients suffer, yet no one has been able to define it. It is proposed that pain is a signal of the involuntary monitoring system of the body manifesting itself as a conscious sensation. The construction of a monitor is discussed and examined as a model for understanding pain. The relationship between fatigue and pain is stressed. The understanding of fatigue is seen as an essential prerequisite for the definition or conceptualisation of pain. The question is raised as to whether pain is a measureable entity. PMID- 7289914 TI - Separate contribution of ventricular pumping and load impedance on ventricular power output. AB - The heart is a rather special type of fluid pump in the sense that it is an organic pump. In this paper, however, it is postulated that the heart behaves like any other mechanical pump whose power output may assume, for a primary change in load, values bounded by two limits which are power output values obtained had the pump been a pressure generator and a flow generator respectively. A power output value outside the limits would imply a definite alteration in ventricular pump function concomitant with the load change. A nomogram to illustrate the proposal is included. The hypothesis may be developed into a powerful tool for assessing the pumping capability of the left ventricle, and this has significant clinical and physiological implications. PMID- 7289915 TI - Klinefelter's syndrome : hypogonadism, abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. It it a result of biotin deficiency ? PMID- 7289916 TI - Sex differences in lung cancer incidence: a genetic model. AB - Family histories pertaining to cancer of all anatomic sites were ascertained on 88 Caucasian patients (61 males, 27 females) with histologically verified lung cancer. Lifetable analysis revealed that relatives of female probands had a significantly higher risk for cancer (all sites) at younger age (p less than .04) compared to relatives of male probands. This trend was peculiar to nonsmoking associated cancer sites, and was not apparent for smoking-associated cancer sites. We hypothesize that certain components of genetic liability to lung cancer are common to nonsmoking-associated malignant neoplasms, and that females who develop lung cancer are more extreme with respect to genotype than are males who develop lung cancer. Our hypothesis accounts for the lower incidence of lung cancer among females, as well as the apparent increased susceptibility to cancer among their relatives. PMID- 7289917 TI - Comparative analysis of specificity in protein-protein interactions. Part I.: A theoretical and mathematical approach to specificity in protein-protein interactions. AB - The definition of informational complementarity (IC) is introduced and a comparative computer method is described to analyse the possible sources of the specificity in some protein-protein (P-P) interactions. The essence of this method is the step-by-step comparison of the primary structures of the proteins regarding the frequency and sequence (distribution) of one or more selected amino acids. The calculation of the probability of finding two different amino acids in two different protein parts by the same frequency and distribution (Random Pair Building, RPB) and it's checking with the number of actually found pairs (Concrete Pair Building, CPB) and with the number of maximal available pair forming (Maximal Pair Building, MPB) may give the chance to find IC sequences and to understand the nature of specific P-P interactions. The usefulness of this method for analysing intramolecular structures and intermolecular interactions is discussed and an example is presented how it may be used. PMID- 7289918 TI - Comparative analysis of specificity in protein-protein interactions. Part II.: The complementary coding of some proteins as the possible source of specificity in protein-protein interactions. AB - Anterior pituitary peptides and some other human hormones were analyzed by a computerized step-by-step comparative method for the frequency and distribution of some specific amino acids with the property of having been coded by complementary nucleic acid triplets in the DNA. There are 26 such amino acid pairs, which are only 13% of the available 200 pairs. Several protein parts have been found, both in intra- and intermolecular comparisons, to contain such amino acid pairs with a significantly higher frequency than could be explained only on the basis of a random distribution. During the self-comparisons of the hormones, ring-like states have been found in which 22-66% of the available amino acid pairs were complementarily coded. It was suggested that the molecular background of Informational Complementarity (IC) of amino acids and proteins (see part I.) may be their complementary coding. PMID- 7289919 TI - Comparative analysis of specificity in protein-protein interactions. Part III.: Models of the gene expression based on the sequential complementary coding of some pituitary proteins. AB - Using a computerized step-by-step comparative method to analyze the amino acid regularities of some pituitary peptide hormones we found several peptide sequences by intra- and intermolecular P-P positions in which most of the amino acids were complementarily coded. Some of these specifically coded sequences may be responsible for the intramolecular specific interactions and so for the secondary and tertiary structures. However the others may be the molecular basis of specific intermolecular interactions. Such a specific coding machinery may have some consequences regarding the structure and organisation of the genome and the transcription mechanism: 1. the pituitary proteins may be the results of circular transcriptions; 2. palindrome sequences may have a role in coding the specifically interacting protein parts. As a possible mechanism for understanding the transcription of mRNAs for interacting proteins, functioning on the basis of complementary coding of some protein parts, a new "honeycomb" DNA structure is presented. Since the informational and transcriptional complementarity of some proteins has a consequence, namely the possible chemical complementarity of mentioned amino acids, some possible models of non-covalent amino acid interactions have been presented. PMID- 7289920 TI - The possibility of in vitro detection of increased genetic risk for pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7289921 TI - Neural mechanisms of tardive dyskinesia. AB - Tardive dyskinesia is a disabling movement disorder, caused by antipsychotic medications, that occurs frequently and is not responsive to treatment. It is not known how the brain damage underlying tardive dyskinesia produces abnormal movement. We propose that altered sensory flow to motor systems results in this syndrome. Verification of such a mechanism could lead to early detection and improved treatment of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 7289922 TI - Hierarchical organization, integrations in biology and cancer, balance loss, and a question on modernism. AB - The hierarchical organization of biological processes is considered in the light of universal interrelationships of each and every factor affecting open systems such as human life. The maintenance of health and/or the production of disease are viewed at different levels of biological organization as related to the dualistic concept. The relative effects of environmental versus genetic tendencies in the pathogenesis of "disease" are mathematically formulated as related to time and location. Psychological determinants are considered as cause and as consequence of the onset of somatic disease. The multifactorial aspects of chronic pathology are seen in relation to dominant tendencies in life and in medical sciences, as well as to individual factors. The "non-specificity" of some aspects of cancer as related to "Adaptation" is advanced. Doubts are raised regarding the ultimate value of modern technological achievements and overspecialization per se, as well as on the lines followed by modern trends in the organization of cancer research. Finally, the increasing need for progressive thoughtful integration versus increasing specialization is stressed. PMID- 7289923 TI - Diet and coronary heart disease: a survey of female mortality rates and food consumption statistics of 21 countries. AB - A previous survey by the writer, searching for correlations between male CHD mortality rates and the consumption of suspected dietary atherogens, pointed to unfermented milk proteins as the possibly most important atherogenic influence. Other long suspected dietary items, like sugar and saturated fats, appeared to play a less important, even if not negligible part. The present paper examines the correlation between female mortality rates and suspected causative agents by the comparison of CHD mortality rates and food consumption in 21 countries. Female CHD mortality rates are well known to be significantly lower than male mortality rates, but the difference between them varies considerably in various countries. Notably the difference tends to be larger under cold than under warm climatic conditions, calling attention to the relevance of climate. Consequently geographic latitude was taken into account as an additional independent variable. Multivariate analysis bore out the assumption that milk proteins represented the dominant atherogenic influence, with sugar, saturated fats and geographic latitude as significant contributors. The combined correlation coefficient of female CHD mortality rates and the before named 4 independent variates was 0.93. PMID- 7289924 TI - On the relevant model for human cancer. AB - A conceptual structure for the relevancy assessment of cancer theories to clinical cancer is presented. The organism is stratified into hierarchies among which, the cell represents the lowest. Cells are aggregated into tissues and tissues, into organs. Organs are assembled into organ systems constituting the human organism. In each hierarchy an elementary unit, or holon is defined. Since structures in the organism are generally characterized by specific functions they perform, it is possible to define also hierarchies of functions and assess their importance quo ad vitam. This hierarchical classification serves here for the grouping of theories and observations in cancer. Genetic mutation or cell fusion for instance belong to the subcellular hierarchy. Observations made on single cells e.g. locomotion or adhesion, belong to the cell hierarchy. Tissue culture experiments are grouped into the tissue hierarchy, while carcinogen induced neoplasms are organ system hierarchy experiments. Medicine operates in the organismic hierarchy regarded herewith as the highest. PMID- 7289925 TI - Hyaluronidase, from wound healing to cancer. AB - An explanation is proposed as to how the total amount of cells normally are in a cellular equilibrium which results from an energetic equilibrium. When a group of cells is damaged the body can restore this disturbance by the fight and flight reaction-a mechanism in which the circulating body energy is redistributed and in which all body cells are involved cooperatively. An unfavourable side-effect of this mechanism is a diminished uptake of nutrients from the gastro-intestinal tract. Therefore in chronic irritation, cachexia and a decreased resistance to all forms of insult occurs. The energetic equilibrium becomes severely disturbed. Differentiation from a morula cell to a ripe cell is proposed to be an expression of a decreased nutrient supply to the morula. The predominant mechanism for cellular survival is a change from a demand on nutrient supply to a demand on the specialisation of the cell function. The role of the nutrient supply - regulated by hyaluronidase synthesis - then becomes subsidiary to this specific function. It is proposed that cancer originates because of chronic irritation. As a result of the secondary chronic redistribution of body energy in the direction of the irritated area, these cells are chronically hypernourished and then dedifferentiate again in the direction of the morula cell. As a consequence of the reactive mechanism, the cachexia which is so typical of cancer, then occurs. From theoretical considerations, it is predictable that cancer may be effectively treated by two basic manipulations of the energetic equilibrium: firstly by chronically decreasing the nutrient supply to the cancer cells, thereby stimulating differentiation again, and secondly by restoring the energetic equilibrium. In practice this involves supplementation of hyaluronidase together with hyperalimentation. PMID- 7289926 TI - Somatic mutation/neodifferentiation/selection and the origins of human cancers. AB - For some time, there has been a confusing and often frustrating difference of opinion amongst molecular pathologists and biologists regarding the relative involvement of somatic mutation vs. altered differentiation (neodifferentiation) in human carcinogenesis. This distinction, however, has led to opposing biological viewpoints which have a found alignment with opposing political viewpoints. While this distinction may have historical rationale, it has little biological basis, and it is possible to construct an integrative viewpoint which reconciles the "very different points of view and styles of argument" resulting from its use. The general evidence available suggests that most human epithelial cancers are caused by chemicals and radiations capable of inducing local mutations in regulatory sequences of genomic DNA, leading, perhaps through genetic transposition, to a mis-programming of natural genomic information expression. In this viewpoint, somatic mutation and altered differentiation are not mutually exclusive mechanisms as often implied, but, in all likelihood, are temporally related mechanisms; and human cancer thus becomes fundamentally a disease of cellular differentiation caused by somatic mutations. PMID- 7289927 TI - Infantile colic and near-miss sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Frequent awakenings occur in infantile colic acid sleep-related respiratory control disorders. To evaluate the possibility that colic may be associated with impaired respiratory control, prevalence and clinical features of colic among infants who died from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), infants with a clinical diagnosis of Near-Miss Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (N-M SIDS), and a control group were retrospectively determined. Colic did not occur in any of the 17 infants in the control group who had normal ventilatory responses. Colic did occur in 14 (33%) of 42 infants with N-M SIDS who had impaired ventilatory responses. Ventilatory responses among the N-M SIDS infants were similar in those with and without colic. Four (27%) of the 15 SIDS victims had colic, but the spells had disappeared before their deaths. The proportion of infants with colic among the N-M SIDS infants is significantly greater than among control infants (p less than 0.05). In summary, colic related night wakings may represent an alternative and protective behavioral arousal mechanism in N-M SIDS infants, a group in which a variety of sleep-related respiratory control deficits have previously been documented. PMID- 7289928 TI - Prolonged survival as a component of a hereditary breast and nonpolyposis colon cancer. AB - Identification of prolonged survival in hereditary breast and colon cancer (exclusive of familial multiple adenomatous polyposis coli) have been shown to be statistically significant (P less than .05) when compared to the American College of Surgeons Tumor Registry for these respective neoplasms. Our hypothesis is that the genotype in hereditary cancer determines both susceptibility and natural history, such that increased survival is a manifestation of the natural history. PMID- 7289929 TI - Should doctors' records be privileged. PMID- 7289930 TI - The Australian Nutrition Foundation Incorporated. PMID- 7289931 TI - Biochemical diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma. PMID- 7289932 TI - Early progress report of practical experience with lifestyle programmes in a suburban population. AB - Lifestyle of individuals and families is now postulated to be one of the major determinants of morbidity and mortality in the Australian community. Experimental (lifestyle) programmes using techniques of physical screening of volunteers, group and individual counselling, and mass-media health promotion have been tried and evaluated during the past five years. The results have shown that it is possible to encourage and achieve behavioural and attitudinal changes in the short term for a range of lifestyle problems. Behaviour in relation to cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption has proved very difficult to alter. Physical screening was found to be much more expensive and no more effective than much simpler education and group-involvement programmes. The programmes have been reorganized to take account of these results, with new emphases being given to parents and children and the role of the doctor, as well as various adult programmes. The aims of these programmes are to prevent the establishment of harmful lifestyles as well as to change the behaviour of those who have already established poor lifestyles. PMID- 7289933 TI - Renal failure from "glue sniffing". PMID- 7289934 TI - Home blood glucose analysers. A consumer survey. AB - The seven home glucose analysers available on the Australian market were evaluated with respect to accuracy, ease of operation, price and additional features. At the same time, the BM-Test-Glycemie 20-800 dual sticks were assessed. The Boehringer Reflomat and Ames Eyetone can be regarded primarily as hospital instruments. The Ames Dextrometer, the Hypo-Count and both Stan Clark R.A.H.C. Glucose Testers were all adequate for home glucose monitoring. However, the Stan Clark R.A.H.C. Glucose Tester operating on Ames blood glucose reagent strips achieved the highest recommendation over all. The Glucochek was found to be an inconsistent instrument. PMID- 7289935 TI - Post-neonatal infant mortality in South Australia. PMID- 7289936 TI - Prevalence of respiratory morbidity in Brisbane waterside workers. A study of possible asbestos-related disease. AB - Ninety-eight Brisbane waterside workers who had been exposed to several dusts, particularly that of asbestos fibre, were studied. Forty-nine subjects complained of dyspnoea while walking uphill, 46 had basal endinspiratory crepitations, and chest X-ray films showed small irregular opacities in 41 subjects and pleural abnormalities in 27 subjects. Internal comparisons showed that ventilatory function was correlated significantly with duration of employment on the wharves, independently of the effect of age and total cigarette consumption. Forced vital capacity decreased by 20 mL/year on wharves, and one-second forced expiratory volume by 34 mL/year, in excess of the age-related decrease. These findings suggest that these workers have developed parenchymal lung disease probably related to asbestos-dust exposure on the wharves. PMID- 7289937 TI - Lymphangioma of the parotid gland. PMID- 7289938 TI - Warning on phaeochromocytoma. AB - A case of a 35-year-old female patient, who had previously undergone extensive investigations for hypertension, is reported. At an elective operation for cholecystectomy she was found to have a phaeochromocytoma. This serves as a warning to those who may be required to anaesthetize, or operate on, patients with hypertension of undiagnosed origin. PMID- 7289939 TI - Concurrent hydatid disease and cryptococcosis in a 16-year-old girl. PMID- 7289940 TI - Prazosin. Long-term treatment of moderate and severe hypertension and lack of "tolerance". PMID- 7289942 TI - Compliance and clinical response in hypertension. A pilot study. PMID- 7289941 TI - Dothiepin versus doxepin for reactive depression. PMID- 7289943 TI - Pollution and sex ratio of births. PMID- 7289946 TI - Interpreting a non-functioning gallbladder. PMID- 7289944 TI - Mental health law reform. PMID- 7289945 TI - Safer transport of serum samples. PMID- 7289947 TI - Surfboard injuries. PMID- 7289948 TI - Milk allergy and margarine. PMID- 7289949 TI - Reactions to Handyplast strips. PMID- 7289950 TI - Neurocysticercosis in Australia. PMID- 7289951 TI - Prostaglandins and cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7289952 TI - Guidelines for contraception. PMID- 7289953 TI - Renal stone disease in South Australia. PMID- 7289954 TI - Chemotherapy for herpes simplex encephalitis. PMID- 7289955 TI - Patient compliance with prophylactic benzathine penicillin for rheumatic fever. PMID- 7289956 TI - La main d'accoucheur. PMID- 7289958 TI - [Electrolyte determination using ion-selective electrodes]. PMID- 7289957 TI - Sunscreens and their side effects. PMID- 7289959 TI - [Rational laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency]. PMID- 7289960 TI - [First experiences with turbidimetric-immunologic determination of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM with the fast automatic analyser ACP 5040 Eppendorf]. PMID- 7289962 TI - [Practical and dependable sample extraction on filter paper for the determination of glucose in capillary blood]. PMID- 7289961 TI - [Experiences with the determination of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM with a turbidimetric method. Trial results from 15 clinical laboratories]. PMID- 7289963 TI - [Physiopathology and clinical aspects of disordered hemostasis and the significance of hypercoagulation states]. PMID- 7289964 TI - [Methods for the determination of erythrocyte flexibility]. PMID- 7289965 TI - [Evaluation of the Contraves Analyzer 4300 and the Thrombocell 1000 apparatus]. PMID- 7289966 TI - [Vasoprotective and vasodestructive lipoproteins in the serum]. PMID- 7289968 TI - [Principles of therapy in coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 7289967 TI - [Diabetes mellitus: secondary diseases and new therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 7289969 TI - [Pharmacotherapy of cholesterol gallstones]. PMID- 7289970 TI - [The water-lipid mantle of the skin]. PMID- 7289971 TI - Computer crime. PMID- 7289972 TI - A miscarriage of justice -- English style. PMID- 7289973 TI - Nitrous oxide for painful procedures. PMID- 7289974 TI - Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7289975 TI - Antimicrobial agents for acute otitis media. PMID- 7289976 TI - Indomethacin for patent ductus arteriosus. PMID- 7289977 TI - Tronolane (pramoxine). PMID- 7289978 TI - Sustained-release theophylline. PMID- 7289979 TI - Influenza prevention for 1981-1982. PMID- 7289980 TI - [Physiology of learning and adaptation to prosthesis in edentulous patients]. PMID- 7289981 TI - [Sagittal dimensions and changes in cranio-facial structures due to growth in distoocclusion]. PMID- 7289982 TI - [Electrotest values in intact teeth]. PMID- 7289983 TI - [Tooth extraction - its role and importance as a therapeutic procedure. An analysis of our material]. PMID- 7289984 TI - [Program of minimum preventive measures in the dental care of children in SAP Vojvodina]. PMID- 7289985 TI - [The necessity for and manufacture of 2 identical total prostheses]. PMID- 7289986 TI - [Vasilenkov's paste in the treatment of chronic pulp diseases]. PMID- 7289987 TI - [Method of evaluating caries in the molars of white rats]. PMID- 7289988 TI - [Analysis of physico-optic behavior of dental prostheses under various light intensities]. PMID- 7289989 TI - [Encapsulation of microorganisms in the salivary bubble as a defense mechanism in the oral cavity]. PMID- 7289990 TI - [Incidence of pulp diseases in the region of Novi Sad]. PMID- 7289991 TI - [A team contribution to the prevention and early treatment of periodontal changes in children]. PMID- 7289992 TI - [The effect of tromantadine on oral efflorescence]. PMID- 7289993 TI - [High risk in families of patients with breast neoplasms]. PMID- 7289994 TI - [Comparison of clinical and cytological findings in prostatic diseases]. PMID- 7289995 TI - [Hereditary and congenital malformations in children in the Vrsac--Bela Crkva and Ruma--Sremska Mitrovica regions. A population genetics study of children 1979 1980]. PMID- 7289996 TI - [Rheumatic fever and the HL-A antigen system]. PMID- 7289997 TI - [Study of peripheral arterial circulation using mechanical oscillography in hemipareses and hemiplegias during kinesitherapy]. PMID- 7289998 TI - [Histological changes in the endometrium after use of various types of intrauterine devices]. PMID- 7289999 TI - [Correlative indicators of echocardiographic and polycardiographic findings in the evaluation of cardiovascular function after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7290000 TI - [Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and diastematomyelia--coincidence or pathogenetic connection]. PMID- 7290001 TI - [Calcification of auricular cartilage]. PMID- 7290002 TI - [Use of diazoxide (Hyperstat) in the treatment of acute hypertensive states in pregnancy]. PMID- 7290003 TI - [The optimal diagnostic system in gynecologic endocrinology]. PMID- 7290004 TI - [Serum fatty acids and the importance of their determination in medicine]. PMID- 7290005 TI - [Prevention of venous thrombosis in orthopedic patients]. PMID- 7290006 TI - [The hypertensive patient as a surgical patient]. PMID- 7290007 TI - [Possibilities of rheoencephalography in the diagnosis and treatment of migraine]. PMID- 7290008 TI - [Role of the exercise test in patients with arrhythmias]. PMID- 7290009 TI - [Suicides in Vrsac]. PMID- 7290010 TI - [Coronary disease and risk factors]. PMID- 7290011 TI - [Situs inversus viscerum. Case histories of 2 patients with cardiovascular complications]. PMID- 7290012 TI - [Outcome of pregnancy in women who were refused an abortion by a secondary medical board]. PMID- 7290013 TI - [Use of the Milwaukee corset in children]. PMID- 7290014 TI - [Revascularization in chronic occlusive arterial diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7290015 TI - Optimal x-ray spectra for screen-film mammography. AB - Theoretical and experimental techniques have been used to study optimal x-ray for screen-film mammography. A simple model of mammographic imaging predicts optimum x-ray energies which are significantly higher than the K-characteristic energies of Mo. A subjective comparison of x-ray spectra from Mo-anode and W-anode tubes indicates that spectra produced by a W-anode tube filtered with materials of atomic number just above that of Mo are more suitable for screen-film mammography than spectra produced by the Mo-anode/Mo-filter system. The imaging performance of K-edge filtered, W-anode tube spectra was compared to the performance of Mo anode spectra using phantom measurements and mastectomy specimen radiography. It was shown that optimal W-anode spectra can produce equal contrast with an exposure reduction of a factor of two to three, a dose reduction of a factor of two, and equal or reducing tube loading, compared to Mo-anode spectra. A computer simulation was carried out to extend the initial, monoenergetic theory to the case of real, polychromatic sources. The effects of varying filter material and thickness, tube operating potential, and breast thickness were all studied. Since W-anode x-ray tubes are considered to be better for Xerox mammography than Mo anode tubes, this study has shown that both Xerox and screen-film techniques can be performed optimally with a single, properly designed, W-anode x-ray tube. PMID- 7290016 TI - Multisegmented ion chamber for CT scanner dosimetry. AB - A multisegmented, ionization chamber capable of determining dosimetric profiles from a CT scanner has been developed and tested. The chamber consists of a number of 2 mm wide electrically isolated segments from which ionization currents may be measured. Presented here are the performance characteristics of the chamber including energy response, dose linearity, and corrections for "cross talk" between segments. Sample dosimetric profiles are depicted for 3 and 6 mm nominal beam widths at two locations in a dosimetric phantom positioned in the x-ray beam of a fourth generation CT scanner. The results agree well with the conventional method of obtaining dosimetry measurements with TLD chips. PMID- 7290017 TI - Density dependence of signal detection in radiographs. AB - We report results of the variation of signal detectability with radiographic film density for Lanex screens and four different x-ray films. We found that maximum signal detectability occurs near (but not precisely at) the maximum slope of the characteristic curve. We interpret our results using a model that includes film gamma quantum noise, film granularity, and an intrinsic observer contrast threshold. PMID- 7290018 TI - Estimation of the diameter of and iodine concentration within blood vessels using digital radiography devices. AB - A variety of digital radiographic and fluoroscopic devices have been developed which can isolate small concentrations of iodine within the cardiovascular system. Using these devices, time dependent subtraction images have been formed which only display opacified vasculature. Theory is presented and simple methods have been developed for determining vessel diameters and iodine concentration from such subtraction images. The methods have been verified using plexiglass and aluminum vessel phantoms imaged with a computerized radiography device. Using this device the diameter of a 5 mm diameter vessel could be determined to within 6% (0.28 mm) even though the pixel width in the digitized image corresponded to 1.34 mm. In the same vessel, it is estimated that an iodine concentration of 46 mg/cm3 could be determined with 10% accuracy. PMID- 7290019 TI - Generalized image combinations in dual KVP digital radiography. AB - Dual energy basis decomposition techniques apply to single projection radiographic imaging. The high and low energy images are non-linearly transformed to generate two energy-independent images characterizing the integrated Compton/photoelectric attenuation components. Characteristic linear combinations of these two basis images identify unknown materials, cancel known materials, and generate synthesized monoenergetic images. The problems of intervening materials and material displacement are solved in general for a wide class of clinical imaging tasks. The basis projection angle identifies one from a family of energy selective imaging tasks, and such performance measures as the contrast enhancement factor (CEF) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) are expressed as functions of this angle. Algorithms for the decomposition of high and low energy measurements are compared and experimental images are included. PMID- 7290020 TI - Scattered radiation in chest radiography. AB - Luminance scatter fractions were measured for patients and phantoms in various regions of the chest film. Scatter fractions were found to be highly variable, being quite high in the regions of the chest with a large equivalent tissue thickness (e.g. mediastinum, chest wall, and subdiaphragmatic areas). For example, approximately 90% of the radiation reaching the mediastinum region of the chest film was found to be scattered radiation when a grid was not used. Even with a 12:1 grid, less than 50% of the available primary beam contrast was being displayed in the mediastinum. In regions of the chest film with high scatter fractions, film latitude was also a problem, further reducing image contrast in these regions. Image contrast and scatter fractions in chest radiography were investigated for different scatter rejection techniques including air gaps, antiscatter grids, and slit radiography. PMID- 7290021 TI - Fast minimum variance estimator for limited angle CT image reconstruction. AB - Many applications of diagnostic cross sectional imaging require that images be reconstructed from a limited number of projections (limited angle). Convolution back projection has been unsuitable in these applications. Methods for reconstruction based on stochastic estimation theory, such as the minimum variance estimator, use a discrete linear measurement model and are suitable for limited angle reconstruction. Unfortunately, the computational requirements of these methods have precluded their use. In this paper, starting from the general minimum variance estimator x = RxyRyy-1y, a computationally efficient (fast) estimator is derived for limited angle reconstruction by choosing Rxy and Ryy in the simplest way consistent with the geometric considerations of data acquisition. Minimum variance has in the past been precluded from use by the large amount of computation required to compute Ryy-1. With the fast estimator, the computation is avoided because Ryy has a particular form that allows factorization of the matrix into a product of matrices, each of which is easily inverted. A demonstration of the estimator for the reconstruction of sharp peaks is provided. Image quality is similar to that obtained with other methods. PMID- 7290022 TI - Design for a multiple target system for a medical cyclotron. AB - A novel target system has been designed for a compact cyclotron. The system permits one of three or more targets to be selected remotely for bombardment, permits all target and chemical operations to be controlled remotely, causes no change in beam energy or beam current, occupies a limited space, and is simple to construct and maintain. The targets are mounted to a flexible bellows-multiple port manifold assembly, supported on a fan-shaped turntable. A motor moves the system to align the target to be bombarded with the main beam axis. Designs for two subassemblies are also presented. These are a retractable target chamber for water and a remotely controlled variable collimator. PMID- 7290023 TI - Dose minimization in computed tomography overscanning. AB - The relationship of noise and dose in overscanning in computed tomography is reviewed to show that maximal variance reduction is obtained when the overscanning weights are proportional to the x-ray flux. It is also shown that maximal motion artifact suppression requires that the weights vary smoothly from zero at the beginning and ending of the scan to one in the central portion of the scan. Optimal noise and dose considerations suggest that the x-ray flux should be varied during the course of a scan in order to be proportional to the desired weighting. Computer simulations of a head phantom with a moving pin are used to show that such x-ray flux variations do achieve maximal artifact suppression with no additional dose to the patient over a standard (non-overscanned) scan. PMID- 7290024 TI - Lead shielding for electrons. AB - Using a 13 MeV electron beam as an example, transmission curves for various thicknesses of lead were measured. The data indicated that the choice of shielding thickness depends greatly on the depth at which the measurements are made. The importance of this reference depth and criteria for shield design when shields of minimum thickness are required is discussed. PMID- 7290025 TI - Distortion introduced in radionuclide camera views by multiformat imagers. AB - The degree of spatial distortion of radionuclide camera images introduced by the multiformat imager is compared in six different cameras. The instruments tested were the Ohio Nuclear 110 and 410S, Searle Pho Gamma LFOV, and the General Electric 400T. We found image nonlinearity variations of 4 to 25%; this illustrates the need for industrial standards applied to imager spatial distortion performance. PMID- 7290026 TI - A note on the formalism for irregular field calculations. PMID- 7290027 TI - [Proposed practical diagnostic methods based on current pediatric pneumological procedures]. PMID- 7290028 TI - [Correlations between clinical aspects and respiratory function in pulmonary pathology in childhood]. PMID- 7290029 TI - [Aspecific bronchial provocation with distilled water nebulization in children. Initial results]. PMID- 7290030 TI - Toxic shock syndrome associated with symmetrical polyarthritis. PMID- 7290031 TI - Odor aversions in cancer patients. PMID- 7290032 TI - Surgical correction of peptic ulcer surgery complication. Delayed gastric emptying with food retention over 24 hours in the stomach. PMID- 7290033 TI - Case report. Myocardial infarction in young adults due to spasm of an arteriographically normal coronary artery. PMID- 7290034 TI - Fenoprofen-induced acute interstitial nephritis presenting with nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7290035 TI - Death by drowning. An overview. PMID- 7290036 TI - Significance of hematuria in diabetics. PMID- 7290037 TI - Measles in Minnesota, 1979. PMID- 7290038 TI - Extremes of physique at four and seven years of age and their relationship to speech, language and hearing performance at eight years of age. PMID- 7290039 TI - Behcet's disease. PMID- 7290040 TI - Breast reconstruction following mastectomy with the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. PMID- 7290041 TI - Ruptured spleen in a boxer with infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7290042 TI - Scintigraphic observations using gallium-67 citrate in a patient with crohn's disease. PMID- 7290043 TI - Rheumatology corner: scleroderma. PMID- 7290045 TI - Attention-deficit disorder: monitored data-based assessment and treatment. PMID- 7290044 TI - Advantages of systolic time intervals over echocardiography in the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction. PMID- 7290046 TI - The role of veterinary medicine in times of disaster. PMID- 7290047 TI - Variable gross: a new practice management philosophy. PMID- 7290048 TI - Who sets your fees? PMID- 7290049 TI - New technics for mastitis research & control: rubber surfaces. PMID- 7290050 TI - Pulmonary edema and emphysema in feeder calves. PMID- 7290051 TI - Gout in a parakeet. PMID- 7290053 TI - Understanding and coping with emotional clients. PMID- 7290054 TI - Management problems in sheep flocks. PMID- 7290052 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenia in a mare. PMID- 7290055 TI - The best there is. PMID- 7290056 TI - Tax-exempt competition. PMID- 7290057 TI - Clinical neurology part 4. Differential diagnosis of pain. PMID- 7290058 TI - Reproductive physiology in the goat. PMID- 7290059 TI - Superficial keratitis in dogs. PMID- 7290060 TI - Psittacosis in a parakeet. PMID- 7290061 TI - Gangrenous mastitis in a cow. PMID- 7290062 TI - Pediculosis (linognathus setosus) in a dog. PMID- 7290063 TI - Vaccination for bacillary hemoglobinuria. PMID- 7290064 TI - Loss cause trends, halter accidents, and observations of the 1980 AAEP meeting. PMID- 7290065 TI - Use of fenbendazole in horses. PMID- 7290066 TI - Specialty practice: an overlooked resource? PMID- 7290069 TI - Gastric hematoma in a horse. PMID- 7290070 TI - Renal failure in a gilt. PMID- 7290068 TI - Differential diagnosis of pain. PMID- 7290071 TI - Suspected ergotism in a calf. PMID- 7290072 TI - Spinal injury in a lizard. PMID- 7290067 TI - Milk gases, mastitis and milking machines. AB - Recent studies both in the field and in research laboratories demonstrate that pressure changes within a milk machine system can cause bacteria-laden milk droplets to be introduced into the teat during milking. The injection of milk droplets into the teat cistern by pressure differentials across the teat orifice is dependent upon: dissolved gases in the milk, the level of vacuum, the time the teat is exposed to vacuum after the end point of milking, and the resistance of the teat wall to collapse in response to the internal vacuum space within the teat cistern after milking. Recent evidence using scanning electron microscopy, supported by field studies, demonstrates manufacturing problems of teat cup inflations as they relate to bacteriologic contamination in the environment of the teat. A new approach is needed in mastitis control research to include an independent agency for the evaluation of milking machines as they relate to tissue damage and microbial recontamination of the teat orifice. PMID- 7290073 TI - Pyometra in a bitch. PMID- 7290074 TI - Rubber stamps for medical records. PMID- 7290075 TI - Radiographic diagnosis of encephalic malformation in calves. PMID- 7290077 TI - Pruritus in dogs. PMID- 7290079 TI - 1H nuclear magnetic resonance study on transbilayer permeation of chlorpromazine in lecithin vesicles. PMID- 7290076 TI - You, too, can teach a cat tricks (examples of shaping, second-order reinforcement, and constraints on learning). PMID- 7290078 TI - Inhibition of platelet serotonin transport by propranolol. PMID- 7290080 TI - Ethanol and the physical properties of brain membranes: fluorescence studies. PMID- 7290081 TI - Interaction of insecticides with human serum albumin. PMID- 7290084 TI - Peroxidase-mediated formation of reactive metabolites of acetaminophen. PMID- 7290082 TI - Conversion of catalase to the secondary catalase-peroxide complex (compound II) by alpha-methyldopa. PMID- 7290083 TI - Hypophysial regulation of cadmium-induced depression of the hepatic monooxygenase system in the rat. PMID- 7290085 TI - Studies of the porphyrin-inducing activity of ethynyl compounds and conformationally restricted and unrestricted analogues of allylisopropylacetamide in chick embryo liver cell culture. PMID- 7290087 TI - Bromobenzene metabolism in the rabbit: specific forms of cytochrome P-450 involved in 2,3- and 3,4-epoxidation. PMID- 7290088 TI - Internal flexibility of inhibitors bound to Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase: proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 7290089 TI - Electrical potentials in biological membrane transport. PMID- 7290090 TI - Studies on protein organization of nucleosomes using cross-linking. AB - When chromosomal proteins in chromatin or in mononucleosomes were extensively cross-linked with an imido ester, the H1-containing nonameric histone complex was revealed. In this complex, histone H1 is connected with the octamer of core histones. The cross-linking of H1 of the octamer is realized preferentially through H2a and H3 histones. Some HMG (high mortality group) proteins located presumably in the linker regions of a nucleosome fiber also take part in the formation of dimers, possibly with the histones of a nucleosomal core. The results suggest mutant interactions between some linker-associated proteins and intranucleosomal histones. Experiments involving extensive cross-linking of proteins in the purified mononucleosome subfractions demonstrated differences in the organization of core histones between 'complete' nucleosomes and nucleosomes lacking H1. PMID- 7290091 TI - Physicochemical properties of salt-soluble, unsheared chromatin. Salt-dependent structural changes. AB - Salt-dependent structural changes of rat liver chromatin isolated by an extraction procedure not involving shear and exogenous nucleases were investigated by sedimentation and light scattering methods. The effects observed are complex involving changes in the molecular weight and expansion. Between 0.1 M and 0.2 M (NH4)2SO4 where histone H1 is released, a fragmentation into molecules of half molecular weight is found which is accompanied by an expansion into a more extended conformation gradually increasing to 0.4 M (NH4)2SO2. The H1 free chromatin does not exhibit the reduction in molecular weight but undergoes this expansion. The original conformation is not reversible on re-decreasing the salt concentration to 0.1 M (NH4)2SO4. PMID- 7290086 TI - Inhibition of histone H1 phosphorylation by sangivamycin and other pyrrolopyrimidine analogues. PMID- 7290092 TI - Unusual processing of nucleolar RNA synthesized during a heat shock in CHO cells. AB - Maturation of pre-rRNA has been investigated through heat shock experiments in which pre-rRNA synthesis is successively turned off and turned on. After one hour at 43 degrees C high molecular weight RNA is no longer synthesized and both the methylation and the maturation of pre-rRNA synthesized before heat shock are blocked. After two hours recovery at 37 degrees C, methylation and simultaneous maturation of pre-existing RNA occur while pre-rRNA synthesis is reinitiated only after 7 hours at 37 degrees C. During the first 30 min. at 43 degrees C, a residual synthesis of high molecular weight RNA is observed in the nucleolus with an average molecular weight slightly higher than pre-rRNA (4.6 10(6)). During the recovery period at 37 degrees C, RNA synthesized at 43 degrees C is slowly processed into unusual species (39S, 35S, 29S). No new ribosomal RNA appeared in the cytoplasm. This unusual maturation pathway could be a minor pathway of nucleolar RNA processing in exponentially growing cells. PMID- 7290093 TI - The development of the self-concept during the adolescent years. PMID- 7290094 TI - The development of the self-concept during the adolescent years. Commentary. PMID- 7290095 TI - DNA-cell-binding (DCB) assay for suspected carcinogens and mutagens. AB - This report describes a novel technique for screening potential carcinogens and mutagens. The DNA-cell-binding (DCB) assay is based on earlier observations which indicated that DNA and other nucleic acids exposed to active carcinogens strongly react with other macromolecules, producing nucleic acid--nucleic acid and nucleic acid--protein adducts. The latter group of adducts included complexes with proteins present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell membranes. Increased attachment of DNA to the intact bacterial and animal cells was seen in the presence of active carcinogens or carcinogens activated by extracts from mouse and rat livers. We have conducted a survey of almost 280 chemicals including 130 with known carcinogenic potential (i.e., either known carcinogens or known non carcinogens). The DCB test and animal assays agreed in abut 96% of cases. Thus, as a predictor of potential carcinogenicity, this assay compares favorably with other rapid methods currently in use. In this respect, the DCB assay is also superior to other techniques which measure the formation of macromolecular complexes, such as velocity centrifugation through sucrose gradients, gel electrophoresis, filtration through nitrocellulose filters, chromatography on methyl-esterified albumin, equilibrium density gradient centrifugation, etc. In the few cases for which the data were available, combining the results of DCB assays with the results of experiments in which the induction of DNA--protein adducts in living human cells in tissue culture has been measured by cold phenol extraction, the predictability was increased to 100%. We suggest that DCB assay should be used either alone or in combination with other rapid methods of carcinogen detection for screening industrial, environmental and other chemicals and chemical mixtures for their carcinogenic potential. Ways of further improving and simplifying the DCB tests are considered. PMID- 7290096 TI - [Comparison of photomutagenic activities of 5-mop (bergapten) and 8-mop (xanthotoxin) in chlamydomonas reinhardii (author's transl)]. AB - The photomutagenic and phototoxic activities of 5-MOP and 8-MOP were compared in arg- cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardii and their ability to revert to Arg+ mutants. We determined the dependency of induction of Arg+ revertants from cell density, substance concentrations, UV-A fluence, and UV-A radiation intensities. Both furocoumarins were also tested for photomutagenicity under white-light conditions. In all experiments, 5-MOP was more active than 8-MOP. Only on the basis of saturation did both compounds show similarly strong mutagenic activities. When compared on the basis of equivalent cytotoxicity, the different between the activities of 5-MOP and 8-MOP was smaller. The difference between the activities of the 2 compounds was higher when white light was used instead of UV A. We could not find any strong reciprocity between substance concentration and UV-A fluence or between UV-A fluence and radiation intensity. We believe that the difference between the photomutagenic activities of 5-MOP and 8-MOP in Chlamydomonas reinhardii is caused by their different abilities to form intercalation complexes with DNA which thus determine the kinetics of the following photochemical reactions. In addition, the results presented here suggest that the mutagenic and cancerogenic potency of 5-MOP is similar to or even stronger than that of 8-MOP. The cancerogenic risk of both compounds may be markedly diminished by reducing the UV-A radiation intensities during photochemotherapy. PMID- 7290099 TI - Realization of pre-mutational UV lesions of a virulent Escherichia coli bacteriophage Sd: requirement for protein synthesis de novo. PMID- 7290097 TI - The metabolism of N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene to a mutagen in L5178Y/TK+/-mouse lymphoma cells. AB - Direct treatment of L5178Y mouse lymphoma TK+/- cells with N-acetyl-2 aminofluorene (AAF) from two commercial sources produced small, but reproducible increases in mutant frequency over background in the absence of exogenous microsomal enzymes. Unlike most direct-acting mutagens which typically produce regular, dose-dependent increases in mutant frequency; AAF treatment caused very slight dose-related increases or a saturation phenomenon which could be overcome by increased exposure time. Direct mutagenicity following prolonged (24h) exposure was confirmed when a third highly purified (99.9%) AAF sample was tested. Microsomal enzyme analyses of disrupted L5178Y cell preparations revealed negligible benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase but measurable AAF-N-hydroxylase activity. These data demonstrate that L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells are capable of limited metabolism of AAF to an active mutagen. PMID- 7290098 TI - Comparative mutagenicity of hydrazine and 3 methylated derivatives in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. AB - The mutagenicity of hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine (MMH), 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (SDMH) in L5178Y mouse-lymphoma cells has been investigated. Hydrazine, UDMH and SDMH induced thymidine mutation, in the absence of extraneous metabolic activation. Dose-response curves were produced for these compounds. MMH did not induce thymidine mutation. All 4 compounds were negative in the ouabain, thioguanine and cytosine arabinoside selective systems. Induction of mutation by hydrazine and UDMH is correlated with toxicity. This is not the case for SDMH-induced mutation. Hydrazine, UDMH and SDMH produce different ratios of large and small thymidine-resistant clones. The compounds appear to have different modes of action in the cell. PMID- 7290100 TI - DNA-damaging agents and DNA-synthesis inhibitors induce luminescence in dark variants of luminous bacteria. AB - The DNA-damaging agents mitomycin C and UV irradiation, as well as the DNA synthesis inhibitors nalidixic acid, novobiocin and coumermycin, induce the de novo synthesis of luciferase and in vivo luminescence in dark variant cells of the luminous bacteria Photobacterium leiognathi. Mitomycin C and nalidixic acid also cause the induction of luminescence in wild-type cells in the absence of its natural inducer. In spite of the high level of in vivo luminescence of the treated dark-variant cells, none of these agents result in the appearance of genetically luminous revertants. The possibility is discussed that these agents phenotypically induce luminescence through their ability to trigger 'SOS functions', which in turn leads to the transitory inactivation of certain repressors. PMID- 7290101 TI - Sister-chromatid exchange induction by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an intact cell system of adult rat-liver epithelial cells. AB - Adult rat-liver epithelial cell lines possess intrinsic metabolic capability for the biotransformation of xenobiotics and thus, are sensitive to a broad spectrum of mutagens/carcinogens in a mutagenesis assay at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus. To provide another end-point of biological significance in these lines, we have investigated the application of adult rat liver epithelial cell line 18 in a sister-chromatid exchange assay. Significant dose-dependent increases in the sister-chromatid exchange frequency occurred when liver cells were exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. A weak but positive response was elicited by benz[a]anthracene. The present observations thus confirm the capacity of these cells to generate genotoxic metabolites from activation-dependent mutagens/carcinogens and indicate a relationship between the production of mutations and sister-chromatid exchanges by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 7290103 TI - Vital-freezing of human muscle cultures for storage and reculture. AB - The vital-freezing of human muscle cultures enabling long-term storage in liquid nitrogen and future reculturing is described. Although human muscle is more fastidious in tissue culture than most cells of other origin, it was successfully frozen and re-established in culture. Cultures re-established after storage in liquid nitrogen differentiated and matured in the same way as primary human muscle cultures, and had the same histochemical and electron microscopic characteristics. PMID- 7290104 TI - A possible role for glucocorticoids in denervation atrophy. AB - Skeletal muscle atrophies after denervation. Glucocorticoids also cause skeletal muscle to atrophy. The data presented in this report demonstrate that after denervation there is a significant increase in the number of glucocorticoid receptors in the cytosol of skeletal muscle of rats. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that a skeletal muscle atrophies after denervation because it becomes hypersensitive to glucocorticoids. PMID- 7290102 TI - Chronic tetanus: clinical report and histochemistry of muscle. AB - A patient who was partially immune to tetanus developed nonfulminant tetanus after a minor injury. Manifestations of the disease persisted for over 17 months. Electrophysiologic studies revealed an absent silent period in the masseter muscle, large-amplitude F-responses, and denervation. A muscle biopsy showed neurogenic atrophy with reinnervation. This observation supports the existence of chronic tetanus and provides morphologic evidence for a peripheral action of tetanus toxin in humans. PMID- 7290111 TI - Multiple subcutaneous Trichophyton rubrum abscesses--a case report and review of the Japanese literature. PMID- 7290106 TI - In vivo morphometric analysis of muscle microcirculation in dystrophic mice. AB - In order to test the vascular hypothesis of muscular dystrophy, the gracilis muscle in 6- to 7-week-old C57BL/6J-dy2J normal and dystrophic mice was studied using in vivo quantitative morphometric techniques to determine the total length and surface area of capillaries in which blood was flowing per unit volume of muscle. Individual capillary lengths, diameters, and red blood cell velocities were also quantified. During resting conditions, the capillary density(length per unit volume of muscle) and surface area are increased significantly in dystrophic muscle compared to normal muscle. Under fully vasodilated conditions, the capillary density and surface area are similar in normal and dystrophic muscle. Individual capillary lengths, diameters, and red blood cell velocities are also similar in normal and dystrophic muscle under resting conditions. These results indicate that, contrary to the vascular hypothesis, dystrophic muscle at rest has increased capillary density, surface area, and blood flow. It is postulated that the increased capillary density in dystrophic muscle at rest is secondary to muscle fiber breakdown. PMID- 7290105 TI - Idiopathic torticollis: sternocleidomastoid myopathy and accessory neuropathy. AB - Biopsies of the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle were studied in 9 children with idiopathic torticollis, from 8 months to 17 years of age, who were undergoing surgical release of the sternal and clavicular attachments on the side of the contracture. Extensive fibrosis involved mainly the sternal head. Nonspecific myopathic changes, also mainly in the sternal head, included cytoarchitectural alterations of muscle fibers, necrosis, and focal inflammation. Histochemical type grouping and grouped atrophy were extensive in some cases and present in all except one, but the clavicular head was predominantly involved. Denervation and reinnervation are common chronic features in idiopathic torticollis, probably secondary to entrapment neuropathy: the accessory nerve reaches the clavicular head by passing through the sternal head. Separate arterial supplies predispose to ischemia in the sternal head, resulting in focal myopathy and fibrosis. PMID- 7290109 TI - "Hunkering"; and peroneal palsy. PMID- 7290108 TI - Surface recording of the H-reflex of the flexor carpi radialis. AB - Although the H-reflex of the triceps surae is used routinely in nerve conduction studies of the lower extremities, doubt still exists concerning the H-reflex in the upper extremities. The H-reflex of the flexor carpi radialis is easily obtainable and can be recorded by a simple nerve conduction technique detailed in this communication. PMID- 7290110 TI - Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and plasmapheresis. PMID- 7290107 TI - Effect of corticosteroids on the thymus in myasthenia gravis. AB - The weight and histological appearance of the thymus from patients with myasthenia gravis were studied. Nine patients treated with corticosteroids were compared with 10 patients not treated with corticosteroids before thymectomy. The thymuses of corticosteroid-treated patients were found to have significantly increased fat and connective tissue, decreased germinal centers, and poorer corticomedullary differentiation than those of untreated patients. The glandular weight and degree of myoepithelial stroma were the same in both groups. The changes following corticosteroid treatment mimic those following aging or acute stress, with retention of the myoepithelial stroma but depletion of thymic lymphoid elements. In myasthenic patients not undergoing thymectomy, the possibility remains that persistent myoepithelial tissue can adversely affect the prognosis. PMID- 7290112 TI - Mycotoxicosis-like reactions in rats treated with Micropolyspora faeni. PMID- 7290113 TI - Growth rate of keratinophilic fungi to some volatile substances. PMID- 7290114 TI - [Inhibition of enzymatic activities by antifungal imidazole derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290115 TI - A synthetic liquid medium for the development of the tissue form of Coccidiodes immitis at 26 degrees C. PMID- 7290116 TI - Aspergillus and Candida species isolated from the sputa of patients with bronchopulmonary disorders in Nigeria. PMID- 7290117 TI - Early post-infarction angina. Ischemia at a distance and ischemia in the infarct zone. AB - We studied two forms of post-infarction angina: ischemia at a distance (angina with new electrocardiographic changes distant from the acute infarct) and ischemia in the infarct zone (angina with new electrocardiographic changes limited to the leads originally involved by the acute infarct). Seventy patients with early post-infarction angina were followed for an average of six months; 43 had ischemia at a distance, and 27 had ischemia in the infarct zone. Mortality in the entire group was 56 per cent, but it was 72 per cent (31 of 43 patients) among those with ischemia at a distance and 33 per cent (nine of 27) among those with ischemia in the infarct zone (P less than 0.005). Post-infarction angina identifies patients with high mortality; among such patients, ischemia at a distance may represent an especially high-risk subset of patients with large areas of viable but jeopardized myocardium who could benefit from aggressive intervention. PMID- 7290118 TI - Prognosis of medically treated patients with coronary-artery disease with profound ST-segment depression during exercise testing. AB - Reproducible and profound (greater than 2 mm) ST-segment depression during exercise testing in patients with coronary heart disease is associated with multivessel involvement. In these patients, coronary-artery bypass surgery has been recommended even when symptoms are absent. However, there are few long-term follow-up data regarding the prognosis when such patients are treated medically. Among 212 men with coronary-artery disease in whom profound ST-segment depression could be reproduced with exercise, 142 who had no other type of heart disease and were not receiving digitalis drugs had a mean ST-segment depression of 2.9 mm. Follow-up has lasted an average of 59 months: 11 patients have died (annual mortality, 1.4 per cent), and nine have had bypass operations (1.3 per cent per year). Survival correlated with exercise tolerance but not with degree of ST depression, peak heart rate, or peak blood pressure during exercise. We conclude that such ST-segment depression is not associated with a poor prognosis. There is rarely a need to resort to cardiac surgery; medical management is highly successful and associated with a low mortality. PMID- 7290119 TI - Laboratory-acquired infection with Pseudomonas pseudomallei (melioidosis). PMID- 7290121 TI - Hidden ethical issues in clinical decision analysis. PMID- 7290122 TI - Normal-variant short stature. PMID- 7290120 TI - Prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7290126 TI - Monosomy 7 syndrome. PMID- 7290128 TI - Sex ratio in offspring of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7290125 TI - The natural break points for primary-tumor thickness in clinical Stage I melanoma. PMID- 7290127 TI - Uracil in DNA in megaloblastic anemia. PMID- 7290129 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis proctitis. PMID- 7290124 TI - Chinese-restaurant asthma. PMID- 7290123 TI - Renal dysfunction due to anturane. PMID- 7290130 TI - Immunoglobulin A1 and IgA nephropathy. PMID- 7290131 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance. PMID- 7290134 TI - Selective birth in twin pregnancy. PMID- 7290132 TI - Coronary vasoconstrictor effect of indomethacin in patients with coronary-artery disease. AB - Prostaglandins may be important regulators of coronary blood flow. To investigate this possibility, we studied the effect of blockade of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin in nine patients with coronary-artery disease. Coronary-sinus blood flow (determined with the thermodilution technique) was recorded, together with mean arterial blood pressure and the myocardial arteriovenous oxygen difference from simultaneously obtained arterial and coronary-sinus blood samples, before and 20 minutes after an intravenous dose of indomethacin (0.5 mg per kilogram of body weight). There were significant increases (P less than 0.05) in mean arterial pressure (from 99 +/- 4 to 118 +/- 5 mm Hg [+/- S.E.M.]), coronary vascular resistance (+73 per cent), and myocardial arteriovenous oxygen difference (from 107 +/- 5 to 138 +/- 4 ml per liter) after indomethacin, but coronary blood flow fell significantly, from 181 +/- 29 to 111 +/- 14 ml per minute (P less than 0.05). Thus, despite an increase in myocardial oxygen demand, coronary blood flow fell and coronary vascular resistance increased. This coronary vasoconstrictor effect may have been due to blockade of vasodilatory prostaglandin synthesis or to a direct drug effect. Whatever the mechanism, indomethacin should be used with caution in patients with severe coronary-artery disease. PMID- 7290133 TI - Uremia and the BUN. PMID- 7290135 TI - A reliable sign of fractures of the hip or pelvis. PMID- 7290136 TI - Cyproheptadine in idiopathic aldosteronism. PMID- 7290137 TI - Yohimbine for treatment of impotence in diabetes. PMID- 7290138 TI - Sugar and saccharin content of antacids disputed. PMID- 7290139 TI - Rights of the dying incompetent patient. PMID- 7290141 TI - Valve replacement without preoperative cardiac catheterization. AB - During the year 1978, the decision to perform cardiac catheterization in patients with valvular heart disease was delayed until clinical and noninvasive assessment have been completed. As a result, 184 patient underwent operation without invasive studies, and 59 had elective catheterization. Another 62 patients were referred during the same period for valve replacement after routine catheterization had been performed elsewhere. Age, sex distribution, symptoms, and cause of valve disease were similar in all three groups, although we managed emergencies and second operations more frequently without catheterization. In all patients, the preoperative diagnosis was confirmed, and no unexpected pathologic process was encountered. Operative mortality was the same in all three groups, and after two years of follow-up there was no difference in survival or symptoms. No uncorrected valve lesions became apparent in uncatheterized patients. We conclude that routine catheterization is unnecessary before valve replacement but can be reserved for specific indications in some patients. PMID- 7290140 TI - Special report. Medical problems of survivors of nuclear war: infection and the spread of communicable disease. PMID- 7290143 TI - No more routine catheterization for valvular heart disease? PMID- 7290142 TI - Depression of aminopyrine metabolism by influenza vaccination. PMID- 7290144 TI - The news media and the doctor-patient relationship. PMID- 7290146 TI - Radical mastectomy vs. quadrantectomy, axillary dissection, and radiotherapy for breast cancer. PMID- 7290145 TI - Competition in health care: Is "consumer choice" in the consumer's interest? PMID- 7290147 TI - Clonidine in neonatal narcotic-abstinence syndrome. PMID- 7290148 TI - Finding veins. PMID- 7290149 TI - Upshaw-Schulman syndrome and fibronectin (cold insoluble globulin) PMID- 7290151 TI - Training of FMGs in the U. S. PMID- 7290150 TI - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation deficiency in liver disease. PMID- 7290152 TI - The UCR boondoggle. PMID- 7290153 TI - Thymus cells in myasthenia gravis selectively enhance production of anti acetylcholine-receptor antibody by autologous blood lymphocytes. AB - We investigated the role of the thymus in 16 patients with myasthenia gravis without thymoma by studying the production of anti-acetylcholine-receptor antibody by thymic and blood lymphocytes cultured alone or together. In 19 responders (with the highest receptor-antibody titers in their plasma), cultured thymic cells spontaneously produced measurable receptor antibody. Receptor antibody production by autologous blood lymphocytes was enhanced by the addition of responders' thymic cells, irradiated to abrogate antibody production and suppression (P less than 0.01). This enhancement was greater and more consistent than that by pokeweed mitogen; it depended on viable thymic cells, appeared to be selective for receptor antibody, and correlated with the ratio of thymic helper (OKT4-positive or OKT4+) to suppressor (OKT8+) T cells (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that myasthenic thymus contains cell-bound acetylcholine-receptor like material or specific T cells (or both) that can aid receptor-antibody production. This may be relevant to the benefits of thymectomy in myasthenia and to the breakdown in self-tolerance in this and other autoimmune diseases. PMID- 7290154 TI - Surgeons and surgery in Rhode Island, 1970 and 1977. AB - In the 1970s the likelihood of an oversupply of physicians in the United States began to be recognized by health-manpower analysts. The number of surgeons available to meet the population's needs was of particular concern. Using data from 1970 on four representative geographic areas, including Rhode Island, investigators in the Study on Surgical Services for the United States (SOSSUS) found operative workloads of surgeons to be light by any standard; they recommended several actions to limit the number of physicians performing operations. I repeated the 1970 SOSSUS analysis of Rhode Island, using data from this state for 1977. Comparison of the results for 1970 and 1977 indicated that, at least in this state, little or no progress had been made in reducing the excess of surgical manpower. As of 1977, the SOSSUS recommendations were having no demonstrable impact in Rhode Island. The number of surgeons was continuing to increase without apparent need, as judged by operative workloads. PMID- 7290155 TI - Evidence of HLA linkage in depressive disorders. PMID- 7290156 TI - Rhode Island: surgical manpower changes over seven years. PMID- 7290157 TI - Can the education of the physician be made more rational? PMID- 7290158 TI - Septic shock and corticosteroids. PMID- 7290159 TI - Envenomation coagulopathy from snake bites. PMID- 7290160 TI - Chromosomal defects in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7290161 TI - Acyclovir and herpes zoster. PMID- 7290162 TI - Aminophylline improves diaphragmatic contractility. PMID- 7290163 TI - Plasma-cell dyscrasia after alkylating-agent therapy for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7290165 TI - Cause of hypoxemia during hemodialysis. PMID- 7290164 TI - Increased adhesion of erythrocytes to endothelial cells in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7290166 TI - Research advances and resource constraints. PMID- 7290167 TI - [Retention of several vitamins during ultra-high temperature sterilization of milk]. AB - Four independent studies were conducted in the course of two years to determine the retentions (or the losses) of vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, nicotinic acid and pantothenic acid during the ultra-high temperature sterilization of pre-pasteurized milk (85 degrees C without hold-up time) by means of the Alfa-Laval-Vtis-C apparatus (140 degrees C, 3-4 s, direct heating with subsequent expansion). The following retentions (or losses) were stated: vitamin A, 97.2% (2.8%); beta-carotene, 93.9% (6.1%); vitamin B1, 82.2% (12.0%); vitamin B2, 97.6% (2.4%); vitamin B6, 92.7% (7.3%) nicotinic acid, 96.0% (4.0%); and pantothenic acid, 96.4% (3.6%). PMID- 7290168 TI - [Physiological importance of microvilli-bound leucine arylamidase in the final digestion of proteins. 1. Purification and isolation of intestinal leucine arylamidase and aminotripeptidase of rats]. AB - The membrane-bound leucine arylamidase of the microvilli of the rat small intestine was solubilized by Triton X-100 and purified by gel and ion-exchange chromatography. As compared to the mucosa homogenate, the purification factor was 135. The leucine arylamidase and aminotripeptidase of the microvilli cannot be separated by chromatography. The cytosomal portion of the aminopeptidase is devoid of leucine arylamidase activity. PMID- 7290169 TI - [Disintegration and elimination of 32P-naled in milk]. AB - The organophosphorus insecticide naled (O,O-dimethyl-O,O-(1,2-dibromo-2,2 dichloroethyl)-phosphate, labeled by 32P] is degraded in milk in vitro at 5 degrees C with a half-life of 35 h with dichlorvos as a metabolite, that is also formed at short time heating and UV-irradiation. The recovery in milk powder is 25% (naled + dichlorvos) of the initial concentration. Following spray application of 0,05 mg naled/kg body mass to 2 lactating cows, 5-8 ppb of naled and 7-9 ppb of dichlorvos were found in the milk 5 h p.a., not exceeding the given tolerance level of 0,02 mg/kg in the German Democratic Republic. PMID- 7290171 TI - Nutrients components of truffles. PMID- 7290170 TI - [Cadmium constant of food and human organs in one large city]. AB - The cadmium contents of commercial foods and of meal samples from a factory canteen were examined over a period of 2 years and of 4 months, respectively. Furthermore, the cadmium contents of human organ samples obtained at necropsy were determined. The samples were subjected to wet digestion and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The value found for the cadmium intake by foods did not differ from international data. On the basis of the average cadmium values from the present investigation and of the per capitum consumption of the GDR population, the authors calculated a weekly cadmium intake from the major foods that amounts to approximately 50% of the WHO/FAO value. The cadmium contents of the human organ samples obtained at necropsy were somewhat lower than those from comparable foreign studies. PMID- 7290173 TI - Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part IV. Inactivation of ochratoxin A and other mycotoxins during ammoniation. AB - Addition of ammonia to final concentration 2% inactivates ochratoxin A, aflatoxin, citrinin, penicillic acid and partially zearalenon at temperature 20 50 degrees C. Detoxification of contaminated cereal grain (wheat, corn or barley) can be performed on a farm using ammoniation without special investment during 4 to 6 weeks. Ammoniation changes nutritional value of grain as feed in a small extent. PMID- 7290172 TI - Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part III. Production of ochratoxin A in different varieties of wheat, rye and barley. AB - Kernels of several varieties of wheat, rye and barley were found to have different resistance to fungi attack and ochratoxin A production, particularly in first step of fungus development on kernels. Zinc was stated to be a limiting factor of ochratoxin production. viable sound kernels were very resistant against fungi. Dead (e.g. autoclaved) kernels were attacked by fungus very quickly. Varieties with stronger resistance to fungi invasion during storage were selected. PMID- 7290174 TI - [Utilization of proteins as related to protein and fat intake]. AB - Low-protein (5%) and high-protein (40%) diets as well as low-fat (5%) and high fat (40%) diets were fed to weanling rats in a 14-day experiment, the standard diet containing 10% of protein and 10% of fat. The net protein utilization of casein, the liver protein utilization and the activity of the key enzyme of gluconeogenesis in the liver, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase, were determined. The utilization of proteins by the organism was adversely affected by a high intake of proteins and also of fats. This fact and the observed stimulation of gluconeogenesis testify to the physiological and economical unsuitableness of diets containing excessive amounts of proteins and fats. A low fat intake was less detrimental to the utilization of proteins than a high fat intake; a low intake of proteins seemed to improve the utilization, but other parameters evidenced that it is not sufficient. The application of diets with closely graded contents in wide ranges for various times will yield biochemical indicators being of importance as supplementary factors in the determination of the physiological value of nutrients under different conditions. PMID- 7290175 TI - [Effect of contraceptives on the digestibility of dietary protein and nitrogen balance]. AB - The present paper deals with the effects of the hormonal contraceptives Deposiston and Gravistat on the digestibility of dietary crude protein and on the urine excretion of nitrogen. The substances under test were given to nine women aged between 18 and 25 years. The faecal and the urinary nitrogen were determined in the first two cycles during which no contraceptives were used, and also in the subsequent three cycles during which Deposiston and Gravistat were taken by mouth. The preperiod extended over 3 days; and the sampling period, over 4 days. The apparent digestibility of the dietary protein was but slightly increased by the contraceptives. In case of Deposiston for example, it amounted to 85.0% (1st cycle), 86.0% (2nd cycle), 87.3% (3rd cycle), 87.1% (4th cycle), and 88.2% (5th cycle). Deposiston and Gravistat did not affect the urine excretion of nitrogen and the nitrogen balance. PMID- 7290176 TI - [Residues of dichlorvos (DDVP) in sausages and bacon following placement of Mutox strips in sales rooms of butchers' shops]. AB - The purpose of the present series of experiments was to study the DDVP residues in sausages and bacon resulting from the placement of Mutox strips in the sale rooms of butchers' shops. After extraction from the samples, Dichlorvos was determined thin-layer chromatographically using cholinesterase inhibition. The results obtained show that neither bacon nor lard should be kept for a prolonged period in a sale-room where Mutox strips are hanging. Sausages hanged up at a distance of 1 m from the Mutox strip contained no DDVP residues. PMID- 7290177 TI - Silica flour: silicosis. PMID- 7290180 TI - Patches in monkey visual cortex. PMID- 7290179 TI - Animal pain. PMID- 7290178 TI - Animal pain. PMID- 7290181 TI - Building a nervous system. PMID- 7290183 TI - Neuronal plasticity, learning and remembering. PMID- 7290182 TI - Changing fashions can make sense. PMID- 7290184 TI - Improved techniques for brain anatomists. PMID- 7290185 TI - Cortical questions not yet answered. PMID- 7290186 TI - Thinking seriously about thinking. PMID- 7290187 TI - A few loose ends. PMID- 7290188 TI - Primative mathematical concepts in the chimpanzee: proportionality and numerosity. PMID- 7290189 TI - Specific stimulation of in vitro maturation of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurones by striatal membranes. PMID- 7290190 TI - Physiological evidence that the 2-deoxyglucose method reveals orientation columns in cat visual cortex. PMID- 7290191 TI - Conserved amino acid sequence of a neuropeptide, the head activator, from coelenterates to humans. PMID- 7290192 TI - C2 synthesis by human monocytes is modulated by a nicotinic cholinergic receptor. PMID- 7290193 TI - Extracellular phospholipase A2 mediates inflammatory hyperaemia. PMID- 7290194 TI - Structure of binding sites for heterotropic effectors in fish haemoglobins. PMID- 7290195 TI - New row erupts about lab animals. PMID- 7290196 TI - The study of temperament. PMID- 7290197 TI - Time to buy a squid? PMID- 7290198 TI - Microheterogeneity of protein and sterol content in kidney podocyte membrane. PMID- 7290199 TI - Limitations of cell kinetics in distinguishing cell cycle models. PMID- 7290200 TI - Direct inhibition of testicular androgen biosynthesis revealing antigonadal activity of neurohypophysial hormones. PMID- 7290201 TI - Amyloid P component is located on elastic fibre microfibrils in normal human tissue. PMID- 7290202 TI - Change in a specific phosphoprotein band following associative learning in Hermissenda. PMID- 7290204 TI - Liposome-mediated transformation of streptomycetes by chromosomal DNA. PMID- 7290203 TI - Fraction of myosin heads bound to thin filaments in rigor fibrils from insect flight and vertebrate muscles. PMID- 7290205 TI - Effect of constraints, solvent and crystal environment on protein dynamics. PMID- 7290206 TI - 'G1 rate' model of cell cycle--a realistic alternative to 'transition probability'? PMID- 7290207 TI - Calcium and the control of synaptic strength by learning. PMID- 7290208 TI - Complexity in human histocompatibility loci. PMID- 7290209 TI - Mechanisms of cell mediated lysis. PMID- 7290210 TI - Nature of the charge distribution in proteins. PMID- 7290212 TI - Congress versus cancer. PMID- 7290211 TI - Mechanisms of slow postsynaptic potentials. PMID- 7290213 TI - Histone gene organization: paradigm lost. PMID- 7290214 TI - Immunochemical and immuno-cytochemical localization of S-100 antigen in normal human skin. PMID- 7290215 TI - Effects of dexamethasone and cortisone with x-ray irradiation on transformation of C3H 10T 1/2 cells. PMID- 7290216 TI - [Digital image analysis as an optical tool in biochemistry]. AB - Digital image analysis can be used to assist of complement visual perception. In quantifying light intensities it is superior to the human visual system and therefore is an appropriate and useful tool for research. Using microphotometry as an example the physical bases of digital image analysis are explained and the applications of this measuring technique to biochemical analysis are demonstrated. PMID- 7290217 TI - Formation of podophyllotoxins by Podophyllum peltatum tissue cultures. PMID- 7290218 TI - Investigations into techniques for removing intracellular plutonium-III. PMID- 7290219 TI - [Manipulated selective hemostasis in tumor tissue without blood coagulation]. PMID- 7290220 TI - [Psychiatry in a general hospital]. PMID- 7290221 TI - [Volvulus of the stomach caused by a para-esophageal diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 7290222 TI - [Genetic counseling in neural tube defects; a follow-up study]. PMID- 7290223 TI - [20 years of fluorescence angiography of the fundus oculi]. PMID- 7290224 TI - [Simple non-invasive method for the determination of arterial oxygen saturation]. PMID- 7290225 TI - [Neuropathy of the lumbosacral plexus as a result of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 7290226 TI - [Is intracoronary streptokinase administration a new treatment method for coronary thrombosis?]. PMID- 7290227 TI - [What is actually the course of the human masseter reflex?]. PMID- 7290228 TI - [A rare cause of heart tamponade]. PMID- 7290229 TI - [Toxic encephalopathy in an infectious disease in childhood]. PMID- 7290230 TI - [A large urachal cyst]. PMID- 7290231 TI - [Congenital persisting urachus and other urachal abnormalities]. PMID- 7290232 TI - [Digoxin and quinidine: a clinically important drug interaction]. PMID- 7290233 TI - [Stress and endurance Introduction: Socially determined stress of care seekers in family practice]. PMID- 7290234 TI - [Stress and endurance]. PMID- 7290235 TI - [I like stress, provided it is not too much (Byron)]. PMID- 7290236 TI - [Oneror ergo sum, I am burdened and therefore I am]. PMID- 7290237 TI - [Physiological reactions to stress. Stress and immunity]. PMID- 7290238 TI - [Forms of reaction of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine regulation in stress]. PMID- 7290239 TI - [The effect of sensory deprivation on the central nervous system of the cat and man]. PMID- 7290240 TI - [Work and stress. The limits of the human body in physical effort]. PMID- 7290241 TI - [Underexertion in work]. PMID- 7290242 TI - [Work and stress]. PMID- 7290243 TI - [Pain as stress. Pain and stress]. PMID- 7290244 TI - [Pain caused by stress; acute pain]. PMID- 7290245 TI - [Capacity of the aged for stress. Capacity for stress and the somatic aging process]. PMID- 7290246 TI - [Work and task load in old age]. PMID- 7290247 TI - [The burden of a difficult child]. PMID- 7290248 TI - [The stress of special circumstances. Problems of hospitalized patients]. PMID- 7290249 TI - [Rehabilitation, a question of equilibrating the capacity of many for stress]. PMID- 7290250 TI - [Handicaps in second generation foreigners; a diary study]. PMID- 7290251 TI - [Serious illness as stress. Stress related to dying]. PMID- 7290252 TI - [The family and the long-term patient cared for at home]. PMID- 7290253 TI - Tuberculous lymphadenitis. PMID- 7290254 TI - Anticonvulsants and pregnancy. PMID- 7290255 TI - Adolescent cigarette smoking and tobacco chewing in Nebraska. PMID- 7290256 TI - Fracture of the month: displaced surgical neck fracture of the humerus. PMID- 7290258 TI - Colony formation in agarose gels containing 2-deoxyglucose: its relationship with malignant transfusion. AB - At the light of the increasing evidence that malignant transformation is a multistep process the wide correlation between growth in soft agar and various degrees of tumorigenicity suggests that this could be a property of the early stages of malignant transformation. In the present paper we give evidence indicating that colony formation in agarose gels containing deoxyglucose can operate as a more restrictive criterium than growth in soft agar for malignant transformation in vitro, possibly associated to advanced stages in this process. PMID- 7290259 TI - The Eker renal tumor rat. Tumor transplantability and a re-evaluation of tumor histology. AB - Further histological findings for the naturally occurring kidney tumor of the Eker rat included the unusual location of the tumor entirely within the medulla rather than in the more usual site within the kidney cortex; the presence of psammoma bodies, and metastases of the tumor in one animal. The kidney tumors were shown to be transplantable with a latent period of about nine months. Histologically, the transplanted tumor, even at the twenty-eight transplant generation, maintained the cellular characteristics of the primary. The histological and transplant data allow the classification of the definitive tumor as a primary adenocarcinoma. The suitability of the tumor as an animal model for human renal carcinoma is suggested. PMID- 7290257 TI - The identification of Thormahlen positive melanogen "A" from the urine of melanoma patients as 6-methoxy-5-indolylglucosiduronate. AB - The Thormahlen positive melanogen previously determined as "A" has been isolated from melanotic urine by means of column chromatography on Amberlite IR 45, DEAE cellulose and Dowex 50. According to its behavior during a study with 1H--NMR spectra it has been found that the isolatd compound is 6-methoxy-5 indolyglucosiduronate, the metabolite of 5,6-dihydroxyindole. The possible formation and biotransformation of this compound is discussed. PMID- 7290260 TI - Acute phase reactants and clinical stages in multiple myeloma. AB - Serum levels of seven specific proteins mostly acute phase reactants (APR) have been studied (transferrin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, C3, ceruloplasmin, orosomucoid) in 14 healthy subjects and in 55 patients with multiple myeloma. The alpha 2-macroglobulin and transferrin are significantly decreased in the myeloma group compared with healthy controls whereas the remaining proteins under study are elevated, significantly only orosomucoid and ceruloplasmin. The APR in the IgG3 myelomas seem to show differences from those of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses the levels of the negatively changed proteins being lower, whereas the positive APR higher in the IgG3 myeloma. In the IgA myeloma, however, decreased levels of haptoglobin and alpha 1-antitrypsin have been found in spite of being positive APR. Transferrin and haptoglobin serum level can be included as a new parameter in regression equations for calculation of IgA myeloma cell mass. PMID- 7290261 TI - Alterations of plasma levels in malignant lymphoma. AB - Fibrinogen levels were investigated in the plasma of a group of patients with malignant lymphoma consisting of M. Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and were found to be significantly higher in an acute onset of the disease and in relapses, than in a control group of healthy blood donors. In the terminal stages, fibrinogen levels in the plasma were observed to decline towards the upper normal limits. Plasma fibrinogen levels are considered to be a good indicator of the activity of the disease. PMID- 7290262 TI - Hormonal therapy and alterations of immunity in prostatic cancer. AB - Retrospective evaluation of cell-mediated tumor-associated immunity in patients with prostatic cancer before and after the receipt of non hormonal or hormonal therapy disclosed that patients receiving hormonal therapy, i. e., orchiectomy and/or oestrogen, possessed significantly lower levels. The potential clinical relevancy of the suggested immunosuppressive effects of hormonal therapy on tumor host responsiveness is considered in view of the present and previous observations. PMID- 7290263 TI - Treatment of ectopium with low-output He-Ne laser. AB - The stimulatory effect of laser on the physiological healing process of the portio surface has been studied. It has been shown that He-Ne laser, 632.8 nm, 5 mV, 1 J/cm2, has a beneficial effect. 85 patients out of 100 recovered, 10 improved, 5 patients were left out of evaluation. No pathological changes were found at colposcopic and cytological controls. PMID- 7290264 TI - Ambient air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 1965--1975 among native population of an industrial city. AB - Lung cancer incidence in Zabrze (Upper Silesian Region, Poland) in the years 1965 -1975 among native population was analyzed in connection with industrialization level and air pollution. In comparison with other towns or rural counties of Poland, the native population of the industrial city Zabrze is characterized by a lower risk of lung cancer in spite of the fact that the native population of the city has been exposed for a long time to different harmful chemical impurities of air. PMID- 7290265 TI - Computation of cancer incidence rates for defined small geographical areas- matching of numerator and denominator. AB - The authors present the problem of validity of numerator and pertinence of denominator for small geographical areas on sample of average annual crude incidence rates of stomach cancer in Slovenia during the period 1968--1974. At census in 1971 this country counted 1 727 137 of population. According to the residence of the patients the rates have been calculated for 60 municipalities, and besides for 29 so called "epidemiological regions", defined by their geographical and ethnic characteristics. Although in both instances great differences in incidence rates have been found, only a few areal units exhibited a significantly lower or higher rate from the national average. Specially areas with small population base "disappeared" in the average, although the value of the rate for them was rather low or high. A formula is presented by which at given rate for total country it is possible to determine the minimal size of population which still could provide estimation of statistically significant lower rate. Thus, for areas with small population a period of observation through many years is required in order to obtain the necessary minimal population base. The question is pointed out, whether this approach is reasonable as to the epidemiological interest, considering that some factors related to cancer may change during the long period of time. On the other hand, when merging small areas into larger ones, attention must be paid that these are not too heterogeneous as to their cancer incidence rate, geographical, ethnic, socio economic and life-style features. PMID- 7290266 TI - Action of misonidazole on L5178Y-R and L5178Y-S cells. I. Comparison with antimycin A and potassium cyanide under aerobic conditions. AB - Effects of treatment with misonidazole under aerobic conditions were examined in L5178Y-R and L5178Y-S cells. These cells slightly differ in susceptibility to the drug, however, the effects of treatment are similar: 1. slowing down growth without affecting viability at low doses; 2. cell lethality at higher doses with rapid elimination of dead cells from the population and resuming normal growth; 3. decrease in 3H-thymidine incorporation. These effects of misonidazole were strikingly similar to those of antimycin A (1 microgram/ml) and KCN (1 mM). It seems that the common cause of the described manifestations of cellular damage inflicted by all three chemicals is energy depletion due to disturbances in the function of mitochondrial electron transport. PMID- 7290268 TI - Cytogenetic study of malignant and benign effusions. AB - The direct chromosome study of mitotic cells in effusions was performed in 49 patients with malignant and 5 with benign effusions. Cytogenetic analysis correctly identified 69.3% of malignant effusions, standard cytology 79.6%. With both methods combined 95.9% of all cases were correctly diagnosed as malignant. The presence of mitoses in the effusions was found to be an unfavorable prognostic sign and was correlated with a shorter survival. Chromosome analysis of the malignant effusions revealed stemlines with extensive numerical and structural rearrangements. No consistent marker chromosome was detected in the histologically similar tumor types. Normal chromosomes. No 1 and 14 were preferentially lost from the karyotype of malignant cells. In two samples double minutes were observed. PMID- 7290267 TI - Action of misonidazole on L5178Y-R and L5178Y-S cells. II. Cytotoxicity and radiosensitization under hypoxic conditions. AB - Misonizadole exerts an equal cytotoxic effect on L5178Y-R and L5178Y-S cells; 5 mM misonidazole sensitizes cells of both strains to a similar extent under hypoxic conditions: the effect of drug in 59% of the oxygen effect in L5178Y-R cells and 52% in L5178Y-S cells. It was previously reported that the amount of initial DNA damage determined by the alkaline unwinding technique is 1.3 times lower in irradiated hypoxic L5178Y-R cells than in L5178Y-S cells. Hence it seems that the drug ability to sensitize these cell strains does not depend on amount of initial DNA damage available for interaction. Although the examined L5178Y strains differ in radiosensitivity, their ability to repair oxygen and misonidazole-dependent cellular damage is similar. PMID- 7290269 TI - Clinical usefulness of serum acute-phase reactants in patients with ovarian tumors. AB - Concentrations of the following acute-phase reactants (APR) were determined in the sera of patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors: haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, sialic acid, seromucoid (in sulphosalicylic acid supernatant), and trypsin inhibitory capacity. In patients with ovarian carcinomas significant increase (p less than 0.001) in all measured APR parameters as compared to healthy women and women with benign tumors was found. Moreover, the levels of haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and trypsin inhibitory capacity were statistically lower (p less than 0.001) in nonmalignant than in malignant ovarian disease. No distinct statistical difference was confirmed between healthy controls and the benign tumor group as well as between ovarian carcinomas of Stages I--III and Stage IV. PMID- 7290270 TI - Condylomatous lesions associated with precancerous changes and carcinomas of the uterine cervix. AB - The present communication is a comparative survey of the histological specimens derived from the dysplastic or neoplastic lesion of the uterine cervix of 400 women comprising two age-matched series (200 women in each) collected from two Finnish hospitals. Special emphasis was placed on the detection of the newly described condylomatous lesions (flat, inverted, papillomatous) and the possible variations in their biological behavior in the two series. The biological behavior of the condylomatous lesions (the distribution into the three types, their high frequency in young women, and their relationship to different degrees of epithelial atypia) was not significantly different in the two series studied. The main difference between the series was in the frequency of the condylomatous lesions which was markedly higher (p less than 0.005) in the material made up of women in eastern Finland. The results suggest that condylomatous lesions caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) are ubiquitous and characterized by a rather constant biological behavior. The reasons behind the observed local variations in their frequency remain obscure and advocate an epidemiological study combined with virological assays to be done among the patients with precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix to gain further data on the role of HPV in human squamous cell carcinogenesis. PMID- 7290271 TI - Influence of volume status on the renal functional response to prostaglandin inhibition. PMID- 7290272 TI - Elevated divalent ion concentrations in parotid saliva from chronic renal failure patients. AB - Mg and PO4 concentrations were significantly higher in unmixed parotid saliva from chronic renal failure (CFR) patients than in controls. No significant differences were noted in the flow, pH or concentrations of Na, K, Cl or Ca; however, the Na/K ratio was significantly lower in CRF patients. No correlation between plasma PTH levels and the concentrations of Ca, Mg, or PO4 in saliva was found. Taken with previous results from elevated divalent ion concentrations in sweat from CRF patients, these findings suggest that the excretion of divalent electrolyte glands may represent a generalized abnormality in exocrine glands in CRF. We hypothesize that the active processes involved in regulating the concentrations of these ions in exocrine secretions are altered so that larger amounts of these elements are excreted in CRF patients. PMID- 7290273 TI - Urinary tract carcinoma in patients with analgesic nephropathy. AB - In 19 patients with analgesic nephropathy followed at 6- to 8- month intervals during the past 8 years (average follow-up time 5.1 years), 2 patients developed cancer of the urinary tract. Both patients had heavy consumption of analgesic for more than 25 years, however, they had stopped its use 4 and 8 years ago, respectively. The incidence of bladder tumors in the province of New Brunswick is noted to be 28 per 100,000 population for 5 years. The occurrence of carcinoma in 2 patients in a group of 19 patients with analgesic abuse suggests an association. PMID- 7290274 TI - Hemorrhage during high-risk hemodialysis using controlled heparinization. AB - The risk of worsening or commencement of bleeding in high-risk patients requiring hemodialysis has not been established. The present study of 300 dialyses in 51 patients with prospectively assessed increased risk for bleeding describes a method for limiting heparin administration by using the thrombin clotting time to assess heparin sensitivity before dialysis and to monitor heparin levels during dialysis. The procedure prevented clotting in the extracorporeal device and limited bleeding complications to 5% of cases overall. Patients with a higher risk for hemorrhage had a higher incidence of bleeding complication (26%), a larger fall in hematocrit, and more frequent requirement for blood replacement. We conclude that although hemodialysis poses a risk for actively bleeding patients, patients at risk but without active bleeding can be dialyzed with strict control of heparin administration. PMID- 7290275 TI - Serum and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity in chronic renal failure. AB - The activity of serum and erythrocyte glutathione reductase was studied in 66 undialysed uremic patients, 19 patients under treatment by chronic hemodialysis and 38 normal subjects. A statistically significant increase of the enzyme activity was found both in serum and erythrocytes in the uremic patients. This increase was in positive correlation with blood urea and creatinine. No difference has been observed in the enzyme activity before and after hemodialysis. By electrophoresis of the hemolysate in cellulose-acetate the pattern of the isoenzymes of the uremic patients was similar to that of the controls. PMID- 7290276 TI - The determination of whole blood magnesium concentration in uremics on chronic dialysis. AB - The determination of whole blood magnesium concentration (MgT) was investigated in uremics on chronic dialysis with a broad range of hematocrit (Ht) and of plasma magnesium concentration (MgP). In view of the inverse correlation between erythrocyte magnesium concentration (MgC) and Ht in dialyzed uremics, as shown in our previous paper, it was possible to derive a formula which expressed MgT in terms of MgP and Ht. By exploring the predictive power of this formula, it can be concluded that MgT can be calculated directly from MgP and Ht. PMID- 7290278 TI - Dose/effect relationships in developmental neurotoxicology. PMID- 7290277 TI - Heymann nephritis-DOCA-NaCl hypertension in the rat. Role of nephritis, DOCA, NaCl, and vascular lesions in the development of hypertension. AB - In order to explore the impact of nephritis on the development of hypertension, rats with Heymann nephritis were given 0.9% NaCl to drink, in combination with or without DOCA injections, for up to 6 months. Combined nephritis-DOCA-NaCl resulted in severe hypertension and shortened life span, whereas nephritis-NaCl combination failed to induce hypertension or shorten life span. All immunized rats developed membranous glomerulonephritis but creatinine clearance did not decrease. DOCA-NaCl-treated nephritic rats had a heavier proteinuria and more marked renal lesions than NaCl-treated nephritis rats. Proliferative-sclerotic glomerular lesions were seen in the nephritis-DOCA-NaCl group only, correlating to the severity of hypertension. Other renal and extrarenal vascular lesions, increasing with time, also appeared related to the severity of hypertension. This suggests a secondary relationship of vascular damage to hypertension in this model. Appearance of proteinuria preceded the establishment of hypertension, suggesting that nephritis sensitized to the development of hypertension during DOCA-NaCl treatment. Sodium excess alone, however, did not induce hypertension in Heymann nephritic rats. The present Heymann nephritis-DOCA-NaCl hypertension model appears a useful model for the study of hypertension complicating glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7290279 TI - Metabolic turnover in the reticular activating system in ammonia induced coma. AB - Previous studies have implicated the ascending reticular activating system (RAS) as playing a vital role in ammonia induced coma. It has been shown, for example, that cells of the RAS have selective decreases in the level of energy metabolites such as ATP and phosphocreatine as compared to adjacent tissue during ammonia induced encephalopathy. To determine the utilization rate of metabolites during ammonia induced coma, we have examined the turnover rate of four key energy metabolites in 20-22 gram mice. Results from this study show decreases in the turnover of glucose, glycogen, and phosphocreatine. The derived value for the turnover of energy metabolites was decreased by 49% as compared to that of control mice. These data suggest that energy utilization is decreased at a time when the physiological output of the RAS is also diminished and the animal is comatose. PMID- 7290280 TI - Voluntary activity in the aging rat as a function of maternal drug exposure. AB - Sixty-eight Sprague-Dawley derived primiparous rats were injected subcutaneously twice daily throughout pregnancy and the nursing period with either (1) 3.0 mg/kg of pure nicotine, (2) 5.0 mg/kg methamphetamine HCl, or (3) saline vehicle. Locomotor activity was monitored one night/month from 3-39 months of age in randomly selected male offspring. Significant differences in activity levels were found as a function of maternal treatment for 29 of 35 sessions. The contrasts revealed that methamphetamine offspring were the most active group and there was no shift in relative group positions over time. There was some evidence for periodic activity changes at 5, 6, and 12 month intervals. A trend test revealed a significant decline in activity in the 12 month period preceding death which was not drug-related but common to all groups. Theoretical implications are discussed. PMID- 7290281 TI - Effects of polyurethane and polyimide thermal decomposition products on shock escape and avoidance behavior. AB - Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 15 minutes to the decomposition products of either a polyurethane or polyimide foam while performing an unsignalled shock escape-avoidance task. These products were generated by placing 1 g samples of the foams on a conductive plate heated to either 435, 605, or 775 degrees C. The decomposition products and behavioral toxicity of the 2 foams varied differentially with test temperature. At the 2 lower temperatures, the decomposition products of polyurethane proved to be more behaviorally disruptive than those of polyimide, while at 775 degrees C the reverse was true. These results indicate that operant behavior technology brings a sensitivity to material testing which may prove quite useful for future assessments of potential behavioral toxicity. PMID- 7290282 TI - Water intake and brain choline-acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activites in manganese treated rats. AB - Choline-acetyltransferase activity was not affected in any of the brain regions studied on the first, third and eighth month of treatment with manganese chloride. Acetylcholinesterase activity diminished in the caudate nucleus only on the eighth month of intoxication but was not altered in any other region throughout the study. From the first month, the manganese-loaded rats ingested an amount of water significantly lower than controls. PMID- 7290283 TI - Rapid effects of acrylamide on spiroperidol and serotonin binding in neural tissue. AB - The effects of in vivo exposure to acrylamide on 3H-spiroperidol binding to striatal and (3)5-HT binding to forebrain membranes were investigated. Rats were gavaged with 100 mg/kg acrylamide and sacrificed at various times thereafter. Rapid changes were seen with specific binding of spiroperidol increasing by 1/2 hour and 5-HT binding by 2 hours after acrylamide treatment. Although the overall effect of acrylamide was to elevate binding for at least 24 hours, binding of spiroperidol may have exhibited a biphasic profile. The possibility of dual time dependent mechanisms involved in the effects of acrylamide is discussed. PMID- 7290284 TI - Developmental and behavioral effects of early postnatal exposure to triethyltin in rats. AB - On Day 5 of postnatal life, rat pups received a single injection of triethyltin and were later tested for a variety of developmental and adult behaviors. A within-litter dosing design was used with one male and one female from each litter (N = 8 pups/litter) receiving either 0 (normal saline vehicle), 3, 6 or a high dose of either 9 or 12 mg/kg triethyltin bromide (TET). The high doses of TET produced 50% and 80% mortality, respectively. For the 3 and 6 mg/kg groups, TET-exposure resulted in a transient decrease in body weight, and a permanent decrease in brain weight. Preweaning TET-exposed pups were less successful in descending a rope, and were less active in both a homing orientation test and a figure-eight maze. When tested as adults, however, these animals were consistently more active than controls in the figure-eight maze. These results indicate that a single exposure to TET in ;the developing rat, unlike the adult, produces permanent alterations in both brain and behavior. Acute postnatal exposure to toxicants may have general applicability as a model for developmental neurotoxicity. PMID- 7290285 TI - Effects of prenatal naloxone exposure on postnatal behavioral development of rats. AB - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were daily administered either 20 mg/kg or naloxone HCl in saline or saline alone IP in two divided doses on days 7-20 of gestation (i.e., 40 mg/kg/day of naloxone). The offspring were reared by their biological dams and were examined for physical, neurological and behavioral development using a battery of psychoteratogenic tests administered from postnatal day 3 to adulthood (120 days of age). The Naloxone offspring were accelerated in postweaning growth, upper incisor eruption, righting development, startle development, home scent discrimination, and in directional swimming development, but as adults, showed impaired Biel water maze learning. The current data support the concept that early exposure of rats to naloxone can produce long-term changes in development and in adult behavioral performance. PMID- 7290287 TI - Developmental neurobehavioral toxicity of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in rats. AB - Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was fed to rats throughout development (from prior to conception through 90 days of postnatal age) in doses of 0, 0.125, 0.25 or 0.5 percent (w/w) of the diet. A fifth group was also prepared as a positive control by administering 50 mg/kg/day of the antimitotic agent hydroxyurea on days 2-10 of postnatal age. Offspring from all groups were reared by their natural dams and were evaluated blind with respect to treatment assignment in a battery of standardized behavioral tests between 3 and 90 days of age. BHA at 0.5% of the diet impaired offspring growth during the last week of preweaning development and increased preweaning mortality (13.5%). No changes in maternal weight, reproductive performance or mortality were observed. No reductions in offspring growth after weaning or changes in day 90 brain weights were found. BHA at 0.25 and 0.125% of the diet had no effect on growth, reproduction or mortality; although a marginal increase was seen in the 0.25% BHA offspring mortality up to 30 days of age (8.3%, p = 0.06). BHA at 0.5 and 0.25% of the diet delayed startle development and showed a marginal trend towards increased diurnal running wheel activity; no other behavioral effects were found. Comparison of the present results to a similar study using BHT clearly indicates that BHA at equivalent dietary doses is considerably less toxic than BHT. The present results also suggest that BHA is not a potent behavioral toxin, although it is developmentally toxic using non-behavioral measures. PMID- 7290286 TI - Molecular forms of rat brain acetylcholinesterase in DFP intoxication and subsequent recovery. AB - The effects of acute administration of diisopropyl fluorophosphate, Isofluorophate (DFP) 1.1 mg/kg SC on soluble brain acetylcholinesterase were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats sacrificed at time intervals ranging from 3 hr to 25 days. Three main molecular forms of AChE were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by enzymatic reaction with acetylthiocholine, staining and scanning densitometry for their quantitative evaluation. In some experiments the same three forms were separated by chromatography-gel filtration. In the brain of untreated animals the slowly-, medium- and fast-migrating forms accounted respectively for 64, 18 and 18% of the soluble AChE activity. At 3 hr after treatment with DFP, resulting in an 80% reduction of soluble AChE, the relative contribution of slowly-migrating forms to the residual enzymatic activity was decreased, while that of medium-forms was significantly increased. These changes became gradually more pronounced and reached their maximum at 4 days, when AChE had recovered to about 50% of control level. Subsequently, the distribution of the molecular forms showed a progressive return toward the control pattern. The partial recovery in the initial period after maximal enzyme depression was mainly due to an increase of medium-migrating forms. Thus these may be precursors of the biosynthesis of slowly-migrating forms and/or there may be functional specialization of different forms. PMID- 7290288 TI - Test factors affecting the time course of avoidance depression after DFP and paraoxon. AB - The time course of avoidance depression induced by DFP and Paraoxon in rats was measured in four experiments using sublethal doses which induced approximately equivalent changes at the time for maximal behavioral depression (3 hr after 1.1 mg/kg DPF or 0.25 mg/kg Paraoxon SC). The trends obtained with pretrained animals intoxicated for the first time, and not tested during the period between treatment and testing at any given interval (3, 8, 13, 18, and 24 hr after injection), served as baselines to assess (1) proactive consequences of one or more avoidance sessions on subsequent measurements, and (2) sensitivity changes upon repetition of treatment with the same or the other agent after a 5-week resting period. The changes in the time course of avoidance depression due to these factors were generally unimpressive. Some of the interactions observe, however, provided direct or indirect evidence (1) for an enhanced residual depression at long post-treatment intervals upon repetition of organophosphate intoxication; (2) for a proactive impairing effect sometimes appearing after behavioral testing at the time of maximal depression (3 hr), when total or near total avoidance failure causes extensive exposure to shock; and (3) for a proactive facilitating effect sometimes appearing after testing at a time of moderate avoidance impairment (8 hr), which may be ascribed to behaviorally augmented tolerance ("learned" tolerance). PMID- 7290289 TI - Increased carbohydrate consumption induced by neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate to rats. AB - Using two different experimental feeding paradigms, patterns of diet selection were examined in rats given monosodium glutamate (MSG) as neonates. In both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, rats received subcutaneous injections of either 4 mg/g MSG or distilled water on alternate days from Day 3 to Day 19 postnatally. As previously reported, MSG-treated rats were shorter and had a greater mean Lee Index of obesity than vehicle-injected control animals. When provided with a choice of separate sources of the three macronutrients, protein, fat and carbohydrate, MSG-treated rats comsumed significantly more carbohydrate and less protein than vehicle-injected controls. Similarly, MSG-treated animals given access to a carbohydrate (32% sucrose) solution in addition to a standard laboratory diet (ground Purina Laboratory Chow) took in a significantly greater proportion of their daily caloric intake from the carbohydrate solution than did controls. The pattern of diet selection in MSG-treated animals is contrasted with patterns of diet selection in animals with other forms of experimental obesity. PMID- 7290290 TI - Critical periods for marihuana-induced intrauterine growth retardation in the rat. AB - Pregnant rats were intubated with marihuana extract (20, 200 mg/kg) throughout gestation. Control animals were intubated with vehicle (olive oil). Control animals and animals treated with the lower dose of drug were pair-fed and pair watered to animals treated with the high dose. At parturition, pups were counted, weighed, culled, and assigned to nondrug-treated dams. Marihuana reduced food and water consumption and maternal weight gain. Pup weight at birth was reduced and neonatal mortality was increased in offspring exposed during the third week of gestation or throughout gestation. Litter size, postnatal mortality and weight at weaning were not significantly affected. PMID- 7290291 TI - Responsiveness to d-amphetamine in lead-exposed rats as measured by steady state levels of catecholamines and locomotor activity. AB - Locomotor activity and brain catecholamine concentrations following d-amphetamine challenge were evaluated in lead-exposed rats. Sucklings were exposed to lead via its transfer from maternal drinking solutions (0.02% Pb (Ac)2, 109 ppm Pb) to the maternal milk supply. At 21 days of age half of each exposed litter was weaned to the maternal regimen, the remainder to distilled water. Spontaneous locomotor activity and lead in blood were qualified at 21, 30 and 90 days of age. At 90 days of age rats were also challenged with d-amphetamine sulfate (1.0 mg/kg, SC) and their drug-induced activity recorded for a 2 hours period. One week later the same animals received a similar dose of d-amphetamine and were sacrificed at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours post injection for analysis of whole brain dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). Catecholamine concentrations did not differ between lead-exposed and control rats in the absence of a d-amphetamine challenge. However, over the 48 hr period following drug challenge, lead-exposed rats had lower whole brain steady state levels of NE than control animals. Similar changes were evident for rats exposed to lead continuously and for those exposed to lead only during the 21 day period from birth to weaning. The spontaneous locomotor activity of lead-exposed and control rats was comparable at all ages tested. However, drug-induced activity was greater in lead-exposed animals than controls. This facilitated drug response was statistically greater than that of controls for continuously lead-exposed rats. Those exposed only during the neonatal period showed similar trends. PMID- 7290292 TI - Effects of neonatal lead exposure on memory in rats. AB - Five groups of rats exposed to varying doses of lead by gastric intubation from Day 3 to Day 30 of life were tested to determine whether lead affects memory. A variable intertrial interval spatial alternation task was used to examine memory; it permits generation of a complete retention curve within subjects in a single session. Because of lead's putative effects on the cholinergic neuronal system, the cholinergic drugs controls to the drugs and to compare drug effects with lead effects. Orderly memory functions were obtained in all animals; however lead exposed groups did not differ in performance from controls. Scoopolamine decreased alternation accuracy but its effects did not differ across the neonatal dose groups. PMID- 7290293 TI - [Renal glycosuria]. PMID- 7290294 TI - [Granulomatous sarcoidosis of the kidneys with renal insufficiency in a 12-year old girl]. PMID- 7290295 TI - [State of chronic dialysis in France on 31 December 1979. Chronic hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, equipment, number of patients treated]. PMID- 7290296 TI - [Kinetics of ultrafiltration in peritoneal dialysis with long dialysate dwell: an "in situ" study (author's transl)]. AB - In order to measure in situ the kinetics of peritoneal ultrafiltration in peritoneal dialysis (PD) with long dialysate dwell, a colorimetric method using autologous hemoglobin as a marker added to the dialysis fluid was evaluated in 10 patients on PD for periods ranging from 2 weeks to 20 months. Four different dialysate formulae were successively tested in the same patient. The results expressed as normalised ultrafiltration coefficient (UFK, ml/min/1.73 m2 s.a.) showed a wide scatter among the patients. However, the dilution curves successively obtained with dialysis fluids of varying osmolar concentration in the same patient were very consistent with each other, indicating that UFK was a characteristic of the individual peritoneal membrane. The data presented suggest that UFK should be measured in each patient at initiation of PD in order to prescribe the dialysate formulae and the diffusion times fitting best his individual needs. On the other hand, repetitive measurements of UFK in the same subject would allow a useful analysis of the hydraulic permeability of the peritoneum by detecting any significant change in this parameter during long term PD. PMID- 7290297 TI - [Essential arterial hypertension, an innate anomaly of intracellular sodium metabolism?]. PMID- 7290298 TI - [Membranous glomerulonephritis during rheumatoid arthritis. Probable toxicity of diclofenac (author's transl)]. AB - The development of membranous glomerulonephritis in a 51 year old patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis suggested drug toxicity, and particularly of a recently developed anti-inflammatory agent, diclofenac. The toxicity is discussed in relationship to the biochemical and pharmacological properties of the molecule, the therapeutic setting and the positivity of serological tests for rheumatoid arthritis in this particular case. PMID- 7290299 TI - [Hemodynamic studies in chronic renal insufficiency: use and necessity]. PMID- 7290300 TI - [Symposium on hemodynamics in dialyzed patients]. PMID- 7290301 TI - [Hemodynamic studies in chronic terminal renal insufficiency--Effects of hemodialysis (Hd), hemofiltration (Hf) and ultrafiltration (Uf) procedures (author's transl)]. AB - The hemodynamic parameters were evaluated before and after Hd, Hf, Uf procedures, in patients with chronic renal failure with either hypertension, oedema or acute pulmonary oedema. The arterial and wedge pressures were increased in all of these patients. Fluid removal corrected these pressures whatever procedure was used. There is a correlation between fluid removal and the variation of these pressures. The curves of the ventricular function showed a decrease of the mean myocardiac performance. Hd and Hf with an acetate solution decreased the systemic vascular resistances (SVR) and increased the cardiac index (CI). Hd and Hf with a bicarbonate solution had little influence on these parameters. Pure Uf increased the SVR and decreased the CI. The evaluation of the hemodynamic parameters gives important information on the nature of the disturbances in the cardio-circulatory function and allows by means of permanent monitoring to guide their correction. It also helps in the choice of the procedure to be used. PMID- 7290302 TI - [Cardiomyopathy in uremia: hemodynamic and metabolic aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Precise determination of myocardial function in chronic renal failure is difficult because of the fluctuation of parameters especially in those patients undergoing intermittent hemodialysis. Reliable methods of investigation should be used to correctly evaluate possible functional abnormalities. Results of our study and of several other publications prove that some hemodialysis patients have a congestive cardiomyopathy (non obstructive) which is likely to be in relation with uremia. Several factors have been suggested in the literature to explain the etiology and pathogenesis of uremic cardiomyopathy. Disturbed metabolism of phosphate and calcium associated with the hyperparathyroidism of renal failure has been observed both in laboratory animals and patients with uremia. Altered metabolism of lipids associated with carnitine deficiency might also play a role. More thorough methods of investigation and additional experimental studies, both in vitro and in vivo are called for in order to define myocardial dysfunction in chronic renal failure. This should provide a basis for improved prevention and treatment of uremic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7290303 TI - [Does echocardiography Tm permit to determine the true contractile state of the left ventricle of hemodialysis patients? (author's transl)]. AB - M. mode echocardiography was performed on 16 chronic hemodialysis patients (12 men, 4 women, average use of 21, hematocrit around 24 +/- 5%) with a normal blood pressure and no clinical or roentgenographic signs of heart failure, 18 to 22 hours after the end of a dialysis. Renal diseases due to hypertension, diabetes or amyloidosis were excluded from the study. 8 normal subjects of similar age, heart rate and blood pressure were used as a test group. On these 24 persons, and diastolic time diameter index (DTDI) and end systolic time diameter index (STDI), ejection time (ET), mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF) and ejection fraction were calculated. DTDI of hemodialysis patients (31 mm/m(2) +/- 2) is greater than DTDI of the control subjects, and STDI and ET are the same. This explains the increase of VCF (1,69 +/- 0,10 c/s) and EF (0,78 +/- 0,05). After a three minute compression of the fistulas the differences disappear. These results suggest that the previous exam conditions permit a better determination of the true contractile state of the left ventricule of hemodialyzed patients if one disregards the load changes due to the fistula, anemia and the intermittent volume expansion. PMID- 7290304 TI - [Pathophysiology and treatment of acute hypotension occurring during hemodialysis (author's transl)]. AB - We have recorded, by invasive techniques, the hemodynamic and biological parameters during a conventional haemodialysis session (HD), in patients exhibiting acute (Gr. I, n : 8) or progressive arterial pressure decrease (gr II, n : 6). The HD conditions are similar in both series. The sequence of events are as follows: 1. Ultrafiltration induces hypovolemia which is not counterbalanced because there is a delay in fluid transfer from extravascular to vascular space and a shift of fluid from vascular to extravascular compartment since the vascular space is hypotonic. 2. These mechanisms produce a decrease of filling pressures in all patients (gr. I and II) but, in the patients of gr. I, a sudden drop of cardiac output, cardiac index, aggravated by an absence of increase or even a decrease of vascular resistances and of the heart rate. 3. The injection of hypertonic NaCl induces a rapid rise of plasma osmolality producing a fluid transfer from extravascular to vascular compartment with simultaneously a correction of filling pressures, cardiac index and arterial pressure. 4. A difference in preload between both groups could explain in part the difference of their hemodynamic comportment but not why some patients of group II exhibit a good left ventricular work index on contrary to gr. I patients. PMID- 7290305 TI - Postnatal exposure to benzene alters the neurobehavioral functioning of rats when tested during adulthood. AB - Male and female rats of the Fischer Strain were dosed with 550 mg/kg of benzene or corn oil vehicle on Days 9, 11 and 13 postpartum. The spontaneous motor activity of benzene exposed rats (males and females) was found to be elevated when tested at 100-130 days of age. When challenged with various doses of d amphetamine (0.3-3 mg/kg), the benzene exposed rats were found to be less sensitive to the motor activity increasing effects of the drug. In a subsequent test to measure specific components of exploratory activity in an operant chamber (nose-poking, wall rearing, lever touching), female rats exposed to benzene were found to emit fewer rearing responses. Body weights and performance in a battery of tests to assess neurobehavioral toxicity (Days 45, 60 and 100 postpartum) were not affected by postnatal exposure to benzene. These data indicate that postnatal exposure to benzene can produce significant alterations in the motor activity of rats when tested during adulthood and the type of effect depended on the procedure used. Changes in the sensitivity of benzene exposed animals to d amphetamine suggest long-term alterations in catecholaminergic function. PMID- 7290306 TI - Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Albany. AB - The effects of prenatal alcohol on learning and retention of passive avoidance and discriminated shock escape were examined in offspring of rats who consumed isocaloric liquid diets containing either 35, 17.5 or 0% ethanol derived calories (EDC) or lab chow during pregnancy. Alcohol exposed progeny required more trials to reach criterion during passive avoidance acquisition and had shorter second trail latencies into the shock compartment than did controls. Both these measures were found to be direct functions of prenatal alcohol exposure. No differences between groups were evident during retention testing (1, 3, or 7 days later). During the 25 trial acquisition phase of T-maze escape, alcohol exposed progeny made more errors despite equivalent group performance by the end of training. During retention testing 24 hours later, these offspring again evidenced more errors regardless of whether or not the original contingencies were reversed. Both learning and retention deficits in the T-maze were directly related to the percent EDC consumed by the mother during pregnancy. PMID- 7290307 TI - The kindled seizure: production of and modification by dieldrin in rats. AB - In the rat dieldrin can evoke a progressive increase in the severity of convulsive responses (kindling) during repetitive exposures that cannot be attributed to simple accumulation of dieldrin in the brain. It can also replace pentylenetetrazol as a kindling stimulus in previously pentylenetetrazol-kindled rats (cross-kindling). Chronic exposure to dieldrin facilitates kindling produced by daily electrical stimulation of the amygdala. Even single, acute exposure, can facilitate kindling produced by electrical stimulation of the amygdala, 1 to 3 weeks later. We propose that the procedure of kindling is a useful one with which to assess neurotoxicity. Agents affecting kindling in laboratory animals are of particular concern to those individuals in a population with demonstrable seizure susceptibility, those predisposed to convulsive disorders and others vulnerable to increased levels of CNS excitability. PMID- 7290308 TI - Brain damage in mice from voluntary ingestion of glutamate and aspartate. AB - Previous studies have shown that the putative excitatory neurotransmitters and neurotoxins, glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp), destroy neurons in the brains of various animal species when administered orally by feeding tube. It has been argued, however that Glu and Asp are safe for human use as food additives since tube feeding is not a natural means of oral intake and efforts to demonstrate the brain damage in animals from voluntary ingestion of Glu or Asp have yielded negative results thus far. Here we demonstrate that weanling mice will voluntarily ingest large enough volumes of aqueous solutions containing Glu or Asp (or both) to sustain conspicuous hypothalamic damage. Certain deficiencies in the design of prior voluntary intake studies may explain the failure of others to demonstrate brain damage from voluntary ingestion of these excitatory neurotoxins. PMID- 7290310 TI - Neurotoxicology--meet the real world. PMID- 7290309 TI - Behavioral effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam combined with low-level microwaves. AB - Previous research findings on the interaction between drugs and microwave radiation were extended to chlorpromazine and to diazepam. The drugs were combined with a 1 mW/cm2 pulsed microwave field (2.8 GHz) and effects were measured on a fixed interval (FI 1) schedule of food reinforcement with rats. Dose-effect functions with and without sham irradiation were established for each drug. At effective doses chlorpromazine consistently decreased rate of responding and reduced with-interval response patterning. Low to moderate doses of diazepam produced little change or increases in response rate, and higher doses produced a decline in response rate. Response patterning within intervals was reduced by increasing doses of diazepam. The animals were exposed to the microwave field alone before test sessions combining the drugs with microwave radiation. Microwave exposure alone did not affect FI performance. Microwave radiation in combination with either drug did not produce any alterations in the dose-effect functions. PMID- 7290311 TI - Post-ictal resistance to audiogenic seizures in inbred mice. AB - Inbred audiosensitive mice exposed to a prolonged auditory signal recovered and remained refractory to further audiogenic seizures as long as the signal was continued. Susceptibility to audiogenic seizures returned upon cessation of sound. The rate of return was the same whether the sound stimulus was brief or prolonged. In a small proportion of test animals, which failed to become fully refractory, the continuing auditory stimulus proved lethal. Mice maintained in the post-seizure refractory state were fully susceptible to Metrazol-induced seizures. PMID- 7290312 TI - The effect of unconjugated bilirubin on regional cerebellar energy metabolism. AB - Many previous studies have examined the effects of unconjugated bilirubin on cerebral energy metabolism. The results have been equivocal largely because the samples for assay included contiguous less affected tissue. The present study was undertaken to obviate this problem. Kernicteric Gunn rat cerebella were sectioned, freeze dried, and Purkinje cell rich layers prepared, as well as adjacent molecular and granular layers. These layers were assayed, along with suitable controls, for glucose, glucogen, ATP, and phosphocreatine. ATP and phosphocreatine were decreased in the Purkinje cell rich layer only; molecular and granular layers were unaffected. Glucose and glycogen were increased in all three layers. These results support the concept that in vivo, bilirubin exerts its toxic effect by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7290313 TI - Effects of concentration and duration of toluene exposure on Sidman avoidance in rats. AB - Fifteen rats in which responding under the Sidman avoidance schedule had been established were first exposed to air for 4 hr, then randomly to 350, 750 or 1,500 ppm of toluene vapor for 1, 2 or 4 hr, following which the effects on lever pressing behavior were investigated for 80 min after the termination of toluene exposure. The effect of concentration, exposure duration and test period on lever pressing of toluene was revealed clearly in the test. Using the technique adopted in this experiment, one could be determining the minimal effective exposure condition in terms of toluene concentration and exposure duration is 1,500 ppm for 2 hr. These findings suggest the usefulness of this technique in assessing the behavioral toxicity of toluene. PMID- 7290314 TI - Personality and long term exposure to organic solvents. AB - Personality, especially emotional reactions of two solvent exposed groups and a nonexposed reference group were described by means of 20 formal, content and check-list type of Rorschach variables. Another objective of the study was to explore the suitability and psychological meaning of other types of Rorschach variables than those applied earlier in the field of behavioral toxicology. The factor analyses grouped the applied variables into factors of Productivity, Ego Strength, Control of Emotionality, Defensive Introversion and Aggressiveness. One solvent group, a patient groups (N=53), was characterized by a high number of Organic signs and a low Genetic Level, indicating possible psychoorganic deterioration. The other solvent group, styrene exposed but subjectively healthy (N=98), was characterized by few emotional reactions, low Anxiety and a low number of Neurotic Signs. the long duration of exposure of the solvent patient group (mean 10.2 +/- 8.7 years) was related to variables of the Productivity factor, a finding that indicates a possible better adjustment of those exposed for a longer time. The duration of exposure of the styrene exposed group (mean 4.9 +/- 3.2 years) revealed a very slight relation to personality variables, but the mean urinary mandelic acid concentration, indicating the level of styrene exposure, correlated with increased emotional reactions. For the most part definite causal conclusions could not be drawn because of the cross-sectional design of the study. PMID- 7290315 TI - [Surgical treatment of aneurysm of anterior cerebral artery (technical note) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290316 TI - The "cavernous" sinus. AB - The cavernous sinus was studied on 23 cadavers, 37 sinuses in total. Twelve sinuses were frozen to -150 degrees C using liquid nitrogen and cut in the middle portion to study macroscopically the whole interior structure of the sinuses. Remaining 25 were fixed 10 per cent Formalin and their serial sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin for microscopic examination. The lateral wall of the cavernous sinus consists of an outer layer of dense connective tissues and an inner layer of loose connective tissues. The third, fourth and fifth cranial nerves run through the lateral wall without exception, but the sixth cranial nerve was found in the lateral wall in only 48 per cent of the specimens. The internal carotid artery is surrounded by the venous sinus all over in 72 per cent of the studied cavernous spaces. The inner surface of the venous sinus is covered with endothelial cell layers. The size and shape of the venous sinuses vary considerably, but they can be divided into three major groups; (1) the broken (58 per cent) or 2) the unbroken (33 per cent) according to amount of trabeculae and 3) the small scattered venous channels without trabeculation (9 per cent). PMID- 7290317 TI - [Middle fossa neurinoma with proptosis and oculomotor palsy (author's transl)]. AB - Proptosis and oculomotor palsy which occur with intracranial neurinoma are very rare. CASE: A 29-year-old right-handed female was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine on Sept. 6, 1975. Eight months before admission, the patient complained of double vision and one month later, noticed decreasing of right visual acuity. Four months before admission, right-sided ptosis occurred and she noticed right temporal visual field's defect. Two weeks before admission she became aware of proptosis of right side. On admission, the general examination and vital signs were normal. The neurological examination revealed right optic nerve atrophy, right oculomotor palsy and slight decreasing of right corneal reflex. Radiological examination revealed extracerebral mass lesion in the middle fossa. On Sept. 19, 1975, a right frontotemporal craniotomy was performed and a large dura-covered tumor was found. It was found to extend from the middle fossa to the superior orbital fissure and attached to the anterior wall of the middle fossa. The tumor expanded into the interdual space and tightly attached to the dura mater. Histological examination of the tumor revealed typical neurinoma. Reports on cases with middle fossa neurinoma were reviewed and the origin of the tumor was discussed. It was presumed that the origin of the tumor in this case was the dural branch of the trigeminal nerve in the middle fossa. PMID- 7290318 TI - ["Cryptic" arteriovenous malformation of the brain stem--a successfully operated case (author's transl)]. AB - We have experienced a case of a 35-year-old man with a lesion located on the left lateral surface of the floor of the 4th ventricle and showing high density on CT, part of which showed positive contrast enhancement. The patient was successfully treated by complete excision of the lesion. Pathological study indicated arteriovenous malformation. PMID- 7290319 TI - [Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm caused by the compression of tortuous vertebro-basilar system--a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A 63-year-old man was admitted to our clinic on August 14, 1980 with the chief compliant of left-sided intermittent facial pain. He had been suffering from twitching of the left facial muscles since 1972. During two years before admission, severe pain of the left face, starting in the left upper jaw and radiating to the left periorbital region, occurred intermittently. The pain aggravated by eating, talking and face-washing, gradually worsened and he became unable to take meals. On admission, he was alert. No sensory disturbance was seen. Muscle twitching was seen in the left orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris and sometimes in the platysma. Mild facial palsy was recognized on the left side and other cranial nerves were intact. Computed tomogram with contrast enhancement revealed shift of the basilar artery to the left side. Markedly enlarged and tortuous vertebrobasilar system kinking at the left cerebello-pontine angle, was seen on the left vertebral angiogram. This tortuous vertebrobasilar system was presumed to be the cause of the trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. The neuralgia disappeared after a controlled thermocoagulation of the left Gesserian ganglion, and the frequency of hemifacial spasm was reduced too. He was discharged with mild hemifacial spasm. The combination of trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm caused by direct compression of tortuous vertebro-basilar system on the nerve roots is rare. A case was reported and the literature were reviewed. PMID- 7290321 TI - [A case of "true" posterior communicating artery aneurysm (author's transl)]. AB - A 57-year-old woman complained of severe headache and vomiting of a week's duration. Spinal tap showed bloody CSF and cerebral angiography revealed the "true" posterior communicating artery aneurysm. Left frontotemporal osteoplastic craniotomy and trapping of the aneurysm were performed on August 28, 1979. After operation right hemiplegia, left oculomotor palsy and the disturbance of consciousness developed. Postoperative CT scan showed a hemorrhagic infarction at the left basal ganglia. Since then she has been getting better and was discharged, able to walk, from our hospital 6 months after operation. We considered the anatomical importance of perforating arteries from posterior communicating artery and propose that true posterior communicating artery aneurysm should be classified separately from our experiences and literature. PMID- 7290320 TI - [Optic sheath meningioma with unusual intracranial extension and multiple intracranial aneurysms--case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290322 TI - [Coexistent congenital arteriovenous malformation an aneurysms of the scalp (author's transl)]. AB - A rare case with coexistent extracranial congenital arteriovenous malformation and aneurysms of the occipital artery is presented. A 32-year-old man visited Tachikawa National Hospital with the complaints of occasional dizziness and a gradually growing pulsatile mass in the left occipital region. The patient had had no head trauma. Neurological examination revealed no abnormality. Physical examination showed a round and pulsating tumor measuring 4 cm x 7 cm in the retroauricular region on the left side, which lost its pulsation and consistency upon compressing the left common carotid artery. Left selective external carotid angiography demonstrated a tortuous and locally enlarged occipital artery with venous drainage around the artery and an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the retroauricular region and neck. The patient was successfully treated by surgical embolization of the feeding arteries with ligation of the left external carotid artery and partial excision of aneurysms under general endotracheal anesthesia. The postoperative course was uneventful. Fourteen months after the operation there is no evidence of recurrence of the pulsatile mass and the preoperative symptoms. Microscopic examination of the excised artery and aneurysms showed partial disappearance of the internal elastic lamina and muscle layer of the artery. Capillary nevi noted over the ear, retroauricular region, neck, and shoulder on the left side without history of head trauma and angiographic findings suggest that the AVM was congenital. In addition, we think that the aneurysms of the left occipital artery on the side ipsilateral to the AVM may have originated from the site of the arterial wall lacking the internal elastic lamina and developed due to hemodynamic mechanism associated with the AVM. Although the treatment of choice for extracranial, congenital and traumatic, AVMs is ideally total excision, careful embolization of the nidus with ligation of the feeders seems to be the most opportune procedure of choice as the second-best treatment in cases in which the nidus of the AVM occupies extensive areas of the head or face and which have little chance of developing serious signs and symptoms such as massive hemorrhage. PMID- 7290323 TI - [A case of hematoma localized to midbrain tegmentum following closed head injury (author's transl)]. AB - CASEs of primary brain stem lesion following closed head injury, verified on CT scan, have been increasingly reported recently. However, most of them have supratentorial lesions in addition to brain stem, resulting in a poor outcome. In this paper, a case of localized brain stem hematoma following closed head injury, is reported based on CT findings. CASE: A 26-year-old man slipped down on his back and hit the right occipital area with following loss of consciousness for several minutes. Since then, he continued to have gait disturbance and visited our hospital on the next day. On admission, he presented truncal ataxia, left trochlear nerve palsy, right Horner's syndrome and left hemihypesthesia. CT scan revealed a small hematoma localized to the right midbrain tegmentum at the level of inferior colliculus, well correlating with his clinical presentation. He gradually improved on conservative treatment and returned to his former work one month after the accident. This case suggests that there may be cases of primary brain stem injury with no other intracranial lesion based on CT findings and with a good prognosis. Shear strain is said to be a probable mechanism for explaining brain stem injury, which is usually combined with other parenchymal lesions. In our case, however, more focal factor--nervous and/or vascular compression against the tentorial edge--is suspected for producing this localized midbrain lesion. PMID- 7290324 TI - [Choroid plexus carcinoma--case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290325 TI - [Acute spontaneous subdural hematoma--a case report (author's transl)]. AB - In this paper a case of acute spontaneous subdural hematoma is reported with a review of fifteen cases in the literature. A 48-year-old left handed man suffered from severe headache on a motor cycle but he arrived at his brother's office immediately after. Three hours later he was found unconscious and soon he was brought to our hospital. On admission he was semicomatose with left hemiparesis. There was no evidences of head injury and the x-rays were normal. CT scan disclosed a high density mass in the left temporal extra-axial region with a remarkable shift of midline structures. His bleeding and clotting time were normal. Emergent left craniotomy was performed and a subdural clot without a membrane was evacuated. Neither cortical lacerations nor vascular malformations were seen on the cortical surface. But two spurting cortical arteries with a lateral pin-hole were seen and coagulated. Postoperative angiograms also revealed no vascular anomalies. He discharged one month later and he is now free from any neurological deficits. In the review several characteristic points of acute spontaneous subdural hematoma were discussed. PMID- 7290326 TI - [Surgical treatment of anterior communicating artery aneurysm (technical note) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290327 TI - [Flow cytometric studies of human brain tumors. Part 2: Human benign brain tumors (author's transl)]. AB - This report compares the DNA content distribution of normal human brain tissue and of benign tumors of the brain. The cells were obtained from seven normal specimens and from fourteen types of benign brain tumors of 79 patients. The DNA content was determined by flow cytometry on single cell suspensions. Propidium iodide was used as DNA-intercalating fluorochrome. Normal, non-stimulated lymphocytes served as diploid controls. The proportions of diploid cells in G1 ranged from 78% to 93% and from 80% to 95% in the normal cortex and normal white matter, respectively. In the specimens of benign brain tumor the range was from 70% to 98%. Histograms with a single, diploid peak was obtained with the specimens from cases of lipoma, plasmacytoma, most meningiomas and around one half of the cases of neurinomas and astrocytomas. Two peaks were seen with a few cases of meningioma and the remaining cases of neurinomas and astrocytomas. With the pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas, in addition to the diploid peak, cells in the 4C and 8C ranges were also observed. PMID- 7290328 TI - [Evolution from acute subdural hemorrhage to chronic subdural hematoma - observation of subdural hematoma by computerized tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290329 TI - [Hypertensive vasculopathy as a causative factor of normal pressure hydrocephalus -a clinical analysis (author's transl)]. AB - Eighteen subjects, who were diagnosed as idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in our outer patient clinic, were undergone with CT scan, metrizamide CT cisternography (CTC), radioisotope cisternography (RIC), and they were classified into 3 groups in accordance with ischemic score which had been proposed by Hachinski. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed in 17 subjects, but improvement of the symptoms were obtained only in five. Dementia, gait disturbance and urinary incontinence were common features among the ones who had clinical improvement after shunt and the ones who had not, but systemic arterial hypertension and focal ischemic signs were more frequently found in formers than in latters. The subjects with low ischemic score were classified into Group 1, and the one with high ischemic score were classified into Group 2 and the other one with moderate score were into Group 3. The subjects who had clinical improvement postoperatively were exclusively found in Group 2 and 3. If the degree of ischemic score has good correlation with actual existence of cerebral ischemic lesions, we might suspect from our data that systemic arterial hypertension and ischemic lesion of the cerebrum might be basic pathologies which develop an idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.